39 100 60586 https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/85e33186dc023288663e71dbc66b8cd4.jpg defe53a02485be85178e6ab7dc44bdba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Four nurses in long coats pose by the water's edge near Vittel, France Subject The topic of the resource Nurses--France--Vittel United States. Army Nurse Corps Description An account of the resource Shoreline forms the backdrop for a portrait of four nurses in coats and hats from the U.S. Army hospitals in Vittel, France Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineVittelFrance4NursesinCoatsHats_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Army nurses Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/4fc90b2539c17e2ea39fe22e69106b01.jpg 277966ae6d0eb0e701637cebd32758a3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Three nurses in street attire seated on top of a stone wall near Vittel, France Subject The topic of the resource Nurses--France--Vittel United States. Army Nurse Corps Description An account of the resource Three nurses in coats and hats from the U.S. Army hospitals in Vittel, France are seated on a stone wall or buttress adjoining stone steps in a French countryside setting Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineVittelFrance3NursesSitonStoneWall_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Army nurses Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/c5957efe9fccfe25dfebcfd633f0f791.jpg 01308949f3db17f074b4098eda3afe92 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nurses Norine Walsh and Martha Morningstar in street attire pose among shoreline rocks with a naval officer near Vittel, France Subject The topic of the resource Walsh, Norine Morningstar, Martha Nurses--France--Vittel United States. Army Nurse Corps Navies--Officers Description An account of the resource Shoreline rocks near Vittel, France provide the setting for a portrait of U.S. Army nurses Norine Walsh (left) and Martha Morningstar (center) in street clothes with a naval officer in uniform Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineVittelFrance2NurseswNavalOfficerRocks_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Army nurses Naval officers Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/872ea88841333c006a2b5446c7e3a328.jpg d414cd7c5d2ae2d172132760262dd2d9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nurse Martha Morningstar and a fellow nurse in full uniform who were part of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps in Vittel, France Subject The topic of the resource Morningstar, Martha Nurses--France--Vittel United States Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Full nursing dress during the Great War is displayed by U.S. Army Nurse Martha Morningstar (left) and another nurse serving at the U.S. Army hospitals in Vittel, France Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineVittelFrance2NursesinUniform_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Army nurses Nurses World War I https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b80a04e313315a669da7a73c9faac9d5.jpg 04ad64db5b449d81ec9f0853b758c81a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource View of the rail yards and enlisted men standing on the tracks in Vittel, France Subject The topic of the resource Railroad yards--France--Vittel Soldiers--France--Vittel World War, 1914-1918--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Soldiers in uniform assembled along the tracks in a railroad yard in Vittel, France Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineVittelFrance_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Railroad yards Soldiers https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/e9d62556429af751ef6a92a0a12ac995.jpg 7064d9e4376840659ffd3d71387ebc43 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Law and legal documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to E. Blanche Augustine from the U.S. Veterans Bureau which awarded her an Adjusted Service Certificate Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 United States. Veterans Bureau--Officials and employees--Salaries United States. Army--Nurses Description An account of the resource Letter from the United States Veterans Bureau Director in 1925 informing Elsie Blanche Augustine of her Adjusted Service Certificate, pursuant to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, in the amount of $1548 for her service in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925-01-01 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineVeteransAdjustedCompensation19250101_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Compensation Veterans https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/88b6e0aa1d06d6957d3fad9d40e65696.jpg bf7205a4973d6201bc66e816471b567a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait photograph of Ed Bamford in civilian clothes who was a suitor of Elsie Blanche Augustine while in France during World War I Subject The topic of the resource Bamford, Ed Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Soldiers--France--Vittel United States. Army--Officers World War, 1914-1918--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Photographic portrait of Ed Bamford in civilian attire who was a soldier who courted Elsie Blanche Augustine while in France during World War I Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineSuitorFranceEdBamford_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Soldiers Suitors https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/1b1b9badf8ff5e34e1f2a86c6e4b27e6.jpg f7bc206a8d95fa91d8d5d0b92b7ae93a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Assemblage of uniformed military men receive the visit of a Prince to the hospitals in Vittel, France during World War I Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France--Vittel Princes--France--Vittel Military hospitals--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Seated assemblage of uniformed military men greet the visit of a Prince at a Vittel, France hospital complex Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustinePrinceVisitHospital_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Military hospitals Princes Soldiers https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/21bfee6c5b9cc0d212312745e928e27c.jpg 915734f3cd863f6964a2cbea233cf13a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographic portrait of Elsie Blanche Augustine at 33 years of age taken in France Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps Nurses--New York (State)--Buffalo World War, 1914-1918--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Atmospheric portrait photograph of Elsie Blanche Augustine at 33 years of age taken in France in 1918 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sippell? Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustinePortrait1918B_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Army nurses Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/f588394b42ffbfb7e8c8e56dabb14dce.jpg 00303f2685eee847f87c0e63bda9363a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Newspapers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Welcome home breakfast hosted by local dignitaries for the returning nurses of Base Hospital No. 23 in Vittel, France at the Twentieth Century Club of Buffalo Subject The topic of the resource United States. Army Nurse Corps Nurses--New York (State)--Buffalo Horton, Katharine Pratt, 1847-1931 Buck, George S. Clinton, DeWitt C., Dr. Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Description An account of the resource Local Buffalo, New York dignitaries Mrs. John Miller (Katharine Pratt) Horton, Mayor George S. Buck and Dr. DeWitt Clinton hosted a welcome home breakfast for the returning nurses of U.S. Base Hospital in Vittel, France (including E. Blanche Augustine) at the Twentieth Century Club of Buffalo in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineNursesWelcomeHomeBreakfast20thCenturyClub1919_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Army nurses Breakfasts Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/9a035c8ee62da498b65f62f2f7a60516.jpg 3a03a8efff4c5b8a77be7e2eab68c12f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Law and legal documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource U.S. Army document recording the demobilization of E. Blanche Augustine from active military service and awarding final pay Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps--Demobilization Description An account of the resource Document issued and signed by officials of the U.S. Army documenting the demobilization of E. Blanche Augustine from the Army Nurse Corps active duty and recording her trip home and final payment due for her service. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-06-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineNursesDemobilizationDoc19190612A_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Demobilization https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/c545284b7d35a4c4d6c892bef46b2095.jpg b577b4ee2fe4a050cf5c8cba42735aa0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Law and legal documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Extract of the 1919 U.S. War Department document authorizing the listed Army Nurse Corps reserve nurses to be discharged from active military service Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps--Demobilization Description An account of the resource Extract dated April 21, 1919 of the January 4, 1919 U.S. War Department special orders authorizing the listed reserve nurses' (including Elsie Blanche Augustine's) demobilization from active military service and their embarkation from the headquarters port of Hoboken, New Jersey to the Demobilization Station, New York, N.Y. to their respective homes. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-04-21 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineNursesDemobilizationDoc19190421_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Demobilization https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/15679e0ca549c8b432fbd972085392f5.jpg 4965432ef727f5cb39e55a025468b00d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Law and legal documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marriage certificate of Elsie Blanche Augustine and Albert Irving Hock dated March 16, 1929 Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Hock, Albert Irving, -1976 Marriage licenses Description An account of the resource Certificate of marriage of Elsie Blanche Augustine and Albert Irving Hock dated March 16, 1929, Port Colborne, Ontario, Canada Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-03-16 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineMarriageCertificateAIHock19290316_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Marriage certificates https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/533b5b62a76f9625f1819565068e38db.jpg 64261d74209ad6fc6ac4d1f8211e5a1a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine in her later years during a reunion with her wartime nurse friends Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps Nurses--New York (State) Description An account of the resource Group photograph of Elsie Blanche Augustine (far right) enjoying a reunion with her fellow World War I nursing colleagues Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineLaterYearswWarFriends_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Army nurses Nurses World War I https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/a19d1134e0fb4bc98e085d1c39db415a.jpg c6c27c8d13cbf0a532a754f8cf7cf959 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine in her later years at Long Beach, Ontario, Canada Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970--Homes and haunts Description An account of the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine relaxing in her yard during her retirement years in Long Beach, Ontario, Canada Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineLaterYearsLongBeach_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Army nurses Nurses World War I https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/1a8167c827f6016c78fb82569933da54.jpg 952426e3e6cfe38e4f6208bf1d4596ce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Augustine family home in Long Beach, Ontario, Canada Subject The topic of the resource Augustine family--Homes and haunts Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970--Homes and haunts Description An account of the resource Exterior view of the Augustine family home in Long Beach, Ontario, Canada where Elsie Blanche Augustine grew up Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineHomeONT_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Family homes https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/e6404c01800278f2dd33b89198416ca3.jpg 9f47e2dadcd269f6e80b4f496a533b35 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine with her younger brother Harold Whitmore Augustine Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Harold Whitmore Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Brothers and sisters Description An account of the resource Photographic portrait of Elsie Blanche Augustine (right) and her younger brother Harold Whitmore Augustine (left) in 1890 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A. E. Dumble (Photographer : Rochester, N.Y.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineHaroldToddlers1890_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Brothers and sisters https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/035597c43fc48fb02cdad53428c37cbb.jpg fc4e948f1d17fb31cb66203b1530bffa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Ephemera (text) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Florence Nightingale pledge Subject The topic of the resource Oaths Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910 Description An account of the resource Complete text of the Florence Nightingale pledge which was among the possessions of Elsie Blanche Augustine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineFloNightingalePledge_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Oaths Pledges https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/e78b24578235c9211e0bad19597d6c96.jpg 3000edecd3f0545caeea613a1315eeec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Postcards Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colored postcard of Ellis Island from the early 1900s Subject The topic of the resource Ellis Island Hospital Hospitals--Ellis Island (N.J. and N.Y.) United States. Army Nurse Corps Description An account of the resource Old colored print in the form of a postcard picturing Ellis Island in the early 1900s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1900? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineEllisIslandPostcard_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Hospitals https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/6e60f01614360f86cb4d1b060594898b.jpg 9c624cd19a0dfc8cb30d687f7a4b847f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine and fellow nurse friend Martha Morningstar posed outside their quarters on Ellis Island Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Morningstar, Martha Nurses--New York (State) United States. Army Nurse Corps Description An account of the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine and fellow nurse friend Martha Morningstar at their assigned post at the Ellis Island Hospital posed for a photograph. Pictured left to right are: Martha Morningstar and E. Blanche Augustine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineEllisIslandMMorningstarBlanche1917_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/5ff2286628196b36fe5e30adc2ef72c2.jpg 3c3dc673f1e9cd7e62c1aa9f37328b02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aerial view of the Ellis Island Hospital complex Subject The topic of the resource Ellis Island Hospital Hospitals--Ellis Island (N.J. and N.Y.) United States. Army Nurse Corps Description An account of the resource Comprehensive exterior view of the Ellis Island Hospital complex seen from a bird's eye view Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineEllisIslandHospitalComplexEdited_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Hospitals https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/4b8eac1b404270e16d134af134f5e612.jpg 563a2b3250c7e7cd2e944f2f89898e71 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine and fellow nurse friend Evelyn Carney posed outside their quarters on Ellis Island Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Carney, Evelyn Nurses--New York (State) United States. Army Nurse Corps Description An account of the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine and fellow nurse friend Evelyn Carney at their assigned post at the Ellis Island hospital posed for a photograph. Pictured left to right are: Evelyn Carney and E. Blanche Augustine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineEllisIslandEvelynCarneyandBlanche1917_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/54878f3a94dc9ac8373a5f81329728e3.jpg 3a148636cc5970e285ade02a9d5987a7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ellis Island hospital to which Elsie Blanche Augustine was first assigned as a nurse in 1917 Subject The topic of the resource Ellis Island Hospital Hospitals--Ellis Island (N.J. and N.Y.) United States. Army Nurse Corps Description An account of the resource Exterior view of the Ellis Island hospital to which Elsie Blanche Augustine was assigned early in 1917 prior to embarkation for the World War I battlefield hospitals in France Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineEllisIslandBldgs_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Hospitals https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/26af82b7088d199821e510d257b4d765.jpg 354393079da5cfe649006197e5e1376c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine and three fellow nurse friends pose outside their quarters on Ellis Island Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Hamilton, Ada Carney, Evelyn Morningstar, Martha Nurses--New York (State) United States. Army Nurse Corps Description An account of the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine and three of her nurse friends from their assigned post at the Ellis Island hospital posed for a photograph. Pictured left to right are: Ada Hamilton, Evelyn Carney (partially hidden), E. Blanche Augustine and Martha Morningstar Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineEllisIsland4Friends1917_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/4f861abeb359285326eaebdba1e12371.jpg 0d651fc7209ce38ba26f744520a2fea1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine and two fellow nurse friends pose outside their quarters on Ellis Island Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Hamilton, Ada Carney, Evelyn Nurses--New York (State) United States. Army Nurse Corps Description An account of the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine and two of her close nurse friends from their assigned post at the Ellis Island hospital posed for a photograph. Pictured left to right are: Ada Hamilton, E. Blanche Augustine and Evelyn Carney Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineEllisIsland3Friends1917_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/0fc15e66869d1208d044c0b4c3124ac0.jpg 68ca06daae369427ab2198084d60e9ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Law and legal documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource E. Blanche Augustine's certification of her diploma from the Millard Fillmore Hospital School of Nursing in the Class of 1914 Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Nurses--New York (State)--Buffalo Diplomas Description An account of the resource Official document dated January 1, 1924 certifying E. Blanche Augustine's graduation in the Class of 1914 from the Buffalo Homeopathic Hospital Training School for Nurses, later the Millard Fillmore Hospital School of Nursing, Buffalo, New York Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924-01-01 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineDiplomaMillardFillmoreSchNursing1914_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Diplomas Nursing https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/cd037b225d1369d6a4c149856faa5697.jpg ed82f324125572a906113730c9ee6e55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine and her cousin Emma by the shore at Long Beach, Ontario, Canada Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Augustine, Emma Nurses--New York (State)--Buffalo Nurses--Canada Description An account of the resource E. Blanche Augustine (at right) and her cousin Emma Augustine relax along the shore on a sandy beach at Long Beach, Ontario, Canada. Emma Augustine, like her cousin Blanche, also served as a nurse during World War I but for the Canadian Army in the Mediterranean. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineCousinEmmaAugustineB_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Cousins Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/3dd1eb6892640159101e6de60822fa61.jpg 90ee418ff545b284ea882b234ac964c2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Law and legal documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Certificate of identity for E. Blanche Augustine who was attached to the U.S. Army Nurse Corps Base Hospital 23 during World War I Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps Nurses--New York (State)--Buffalo World War, 1914-1918--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Identity certificate for E. Blanche Augustine dated November 22, 1917 who was attached as a reserve nurse to the United States Army Base Hospital 23 in Vittel, France. U.S. Army Base Hospital 23 was sponsored and supported by the citizens of Buffalo, New York. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-11-22 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineCertofIdentityBaseHsp23NYC19171122_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Identity certificates https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/3a4dc53b5253dc9e237b5fd2bef85718.jpg b997e718de866a5716f0a2627497a2ba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Menus Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Menu of the R.M.S. Carpathia ship's dining room for December 4, 1917 Subject The topic of the resource Carpathia (Ship) Menus Description An account of the resource Menu from December 4, 1917 on the R.M.S. Carpathia of the Cunard Line during E. Blanche Augustine's voyage to France to take up her appointment as a reserve nurse in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps during World War I Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-12-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineCarpathiaMenu19171204_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Carpathia (Ship) Menus https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/4adab207e0d1b5afc812431a848a0a6f.jpg cc1f08e0e8817c8f2df32a4fb9651fe2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource View of the wings of the U.S. Army Base Hospital 9 in Vittel, France Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France--Vittel World War, 1914-1918--France--Vittel Military hospitals, American--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Wide angle view of the exterior and wings of the United States Army Hospital 9 (sponsored by the City of New York) in Vittel, France Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineBaseHospital9Wings_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Military hospitals World War I https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/f025bc873f2c5edac1ae155514fd4886.jpg f3a273776d0118b76fd0d186243d6754 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Main façade and gate of the U.S. Army Base Hospital 9 in Vittel, France Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France--Vittel World War, 1914-1918--France--Vittel Military hospitals, American--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Exterior view of the main façade and entry gate of the United States Army Hospital 9 (sponsored by the City of New York) in Vittel, France Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineBaseHospital9Facade_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Gates Military hospitals World War I https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/fc9c4f333afb502cfef873ac16bc6aac.jpg 1578a7297c8dc36bbe9508c0775341d4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aerial view of the U.S. Army Base Hospital 9 in Vittel, France Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France--Vittel World War, 1914-1918--France--Vittel Military hospitals, American--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Bird's eye view of the United States Army Hospital 9 (sponsored by the City of New York) in Vittel, France Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineBaseHospital9BirdsEyeView_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Military hospitals World War I https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/bf7ae77e9368ff73569a76e15f157c37.jpg 04fe927d930a68ca2256f26421f37a37 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine as an infant in 1886 Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Nurses--New York (State)--Buffalo Description An account of the resource Portrait photograph of Elsie Blanche Augustine as a baby in 1886 posed on an upholstered Victorian chair Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1886 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineBabyPort1886_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine">History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Babies Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/a275b5b9a14636e4b6ea66a6c72fc290.jpg 41f7337ccd15d35e56f4dc1e4ebc07fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine at the Statue of Liberty while serving as a nurse at Ellis Island Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 Nurses--New York (State)--Buffalo Description An account of the resource Photograph of Elsie Blanche Augustine during a visit to the Statue of Liberty while employed as a nurse at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City prior to her deployment to France in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineatStatueLibertyEllisIsland_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank"">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href=https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine>History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Nurses https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/a1bc991eae4605795ed1fc2134e69773.jpg d6b70dd06580e97491ab9958799ad306 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Law and legal documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource U.S. War Department document of the approval of E. Blanche Augustine as a reserve nurse in the Army Nurse Corps Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, E. Blanche (Elsie Blanche), 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps Nurses--New York (State)--Buffalo Description An account of the resource United States War Department 1917 document from the Office of the Surgeon General declaring E. Blanche Augustine of Buffalo, New York as a reserve nurse in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-08-27 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_EBAugustineAcceptanceArmy NurseCorps08271917_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank"">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href=https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine>History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Army nurses Nurses World War I https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/da713bfba94be6d7ba0da8b06baf270c.jpg 24813625346bd08d37674372d54e9379 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Detail of the U.S. Army Base Hospital 23 staff at Vittel, France in front of the hospital Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France--Vittel Nurses--France--Vittel United States. Army Nurse Corps Military hospitals, American--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Close-up group photograph of the entire staff at the U.S. Army Base Hospital 23 at Vittel, France standing in front of the hospital building in 1917. E. Blanche Augustine is pictured under the star. U.S. Army Base Hospital 23 was sponsored and financed by the citizens of Buffalo, New York. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_BaseHospitalVittelFrancePartB_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank"">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href=https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine>History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Military hospitals Nurses Physicians World War I https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/58752e2c7e17ff159716939be06c7f18.jpg c6452ccfe2bf39d3963114c8573c25d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Subject The topic of the resource Augustine, Elsie Blanche, 1885-1970 United States. Army Nurse Corps World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France Description An account of the resource Photographs, letters, diaries and other documents relating the experiences of the Canadian-born nurse who served in France as a United States Army nurse during the Great War (World War I) mainly at Base Hospital 23 which was supported and established by the people of Buffalo, New York. Born in 1895 at Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada, she attended nursing school in Buffalo, New York at the Millard Fillmore School of Nursing and graduated with her nursing degree in 1914. First stationed at the Ellis Island Hospital in New York City, she served most of the war years at United States base hospitals in and around Vittel, France (especially Base Hospital 23 from 1917-1919) and was finally mustered out in 1919. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-1919 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mckibbon, Ann Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For educational and non-commercial uses only Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-HSL009 Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Group photograph of the U.S. Army Base Hospital 23 staff at Vittel, France in front of the hospital Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1914-1918--Hospitals--France--Vittel Nurses--France--Vittel United States. Army Nurse Corps Military hospitals, American--France--Vittel Description An account of the resource Group photograph of the entire staff at the U.S. Army Base Hospital 23 at Vittel, France standing in front of the hospital building in 1917. U.S. Army Base Hospital 23 was sponsored and financed by the citizens of Buffalo, New York. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource McKibbon, Ann Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL009_BaseHospitalVittelFrancePartA_001 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-06-15 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Elsie Blanche Augustine, U.S. Army Nurse in the Great War LIB-HSL009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" target="_blank"">IN COPYRIGHT</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the <a href=https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine>History of Medicine Collection</a> with questions. Military hospitals Nurses Physicians World War I https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/36ce526672353412322221af439a7bf8.pdf bec3186fe8e0df16e88c56afb1fdd14d PDF Text Text �STAFF EXECLmVE EDJlDR UNIVERSITYPUBLICATIONS Robert T. M arleu BUFFALOPHYSICIANEDHOR Connie Oswald Stolko ART DIRECTOR Alan /. Kq;)or ADVISORY BOARD Or. John Nauith1on. Chairm,m Dr. Harold Brody M,. Nancy Ghcco Dr. Jame, Kar.<la Dr. Chari<> Paganelli Mr. G"'!;ory Zlllel Dr. Antmnettc Pete.­ Dr. Charle Pruet Dr. Luther Robm<,0n Dr. Thomas Ro,cnthal Dr Sale.ta Sure<h Dr. Burton Singerman Dr. Stephen Spaulding Dr. Ndson Torre Mr. E..lwardWcmlic Dr. Paul W1crzb1en1<-c Dr. Jerome Yatc WRITERS Mynam Damd Carol O..<:os,a Lisa )05ephson Mark Marabella Arthur Page Elisabeth Sheffidd Dear Friendsof the School: T he seventh annual Parents Weekend was another spectacular success. Ir wa held on Oct. 15 and over 500 parents, friend and students participated. As was the situation over the pa t few years, parents from all four classes attended, and core and in­ dividualized programs were conducted. The enthusiasm and sup­ port expressed for the school was at a high level and our goal of involving parents with all aspects of the enterprise was once again achieved. As this event has matured, other innovations have developed. Associate Dean Peter Ostrow is working with a group of parents and representatives from the UB Foundation to establish a Parents Council which will advise us and help guide other activities in which they can and will be involved. This year, a parent, Mrs. Gail Pitterman, spoke at the opening convocational session. Her con­ tribution and commitment were a major stimulus to the success of the event. All in all, this special annual event has confirmed that family involvement and participation in medical school life can add one more dimension of activity to promote those values of humanism and wholesomeness which so many people think are important attributes for a physician co possess. I thank the students, faculty, administrators, alumni, and parents who have helped make this unique event and opportuni­ ty such a success. 1 I Rt,b,,rr A. Ullman lLLUSTRAlORS Barry Fit,gerald l, ( , Sincerely, n__ ~~- ' ---... John aughton , M.D. Vice President /or Clinical Affairs Dean, School of Medicine and BiomedicalSciences Lisa Haney Jane Marinsky Glym.- Sween} Dan ZakrOL-iem,k, PHOTOGRAPHERS Ian Rcdmbauj!h Bob Wal,on Dear fellowAlumni/Alumnae: TEACHl G HOSPITALS AND LlAISONS T B.·uaviaVeteran.,AJmjmstrauon Medical Center Buffalo General Hc»pital. M,~ Sl,,,u Buffalo Veteran< Adminimauon M.d,cal Center, John P11U1 Children·, Hoopital, KJrm Drv/dS«,r,1k, Enc Count\· Mcd,cal Center. Manon Manonou,k:,, , lcn:y Ho,p1tal, Chuck T,l-,co Millard Fillmore Hosp,ral, DeborahFenn Ro well Park Memorial ln•mu,e. J,.d, R,.:e Sisters Ho pttal, Dennu M<Cartm />,oJ.u,:ed "- ,i., Dll'i><<m of Uno,-ro,I) Rola· rioruin assoaarumwith th, Schaol of Medicm£ and S.om..JicalScitna,, Sra!t!Un"~''J of New Yorkar S..1/afo. THE BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIO­ MEDICAL SCIENTIST (USPS 551-860) Early Wimer l'l88, Volume 22. Number 4. Pubhshe<l five umc annually : Spnng. Summer, Au,umn. Early Winter, and Late Wm!er - hy thc School of Mttlicm• and Biomedical Sciences, Sta« Uni\'CUotYof New Yori. at Buffalo, H35 Mam Street. Buffalo, N""' Yorl 14ll4. Third class bulk postage paid "' Buffalo, N~· York. Send add"'" change• to THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST, 146 CF.S. AJd,rion, HJ<; Main Strttl, Buffalo, New York 14214. Cover Photo: Bob \1'"1lion he Alumni Association continues to be active through the 1988-89 year, continuing its efforts to provide an excellent program for our alumni in the spring of 1989. This vear's Spring Clinical Day is scheduled for May 6, 1989, covering the topic of nutrition on a dietary and clinical basis. The topic of cholesterol intake and metabolism will also be discussed. The Alumni Association continues to be supportive of the ef­ forts of our students with continuing dialogue with all medical school classes. We have hopes that our students will feel free to contact rhe Alumni Association with any concerns they feel might be in our realm. We have continued all programs of previous years, as well as having considered the po ibiliry of increasing the number of na· tional meetings we attend. If you happen to practice in an area near a national meeting, your Alumni Association will send you an invitation to a reception given by the alumni, which will be co-sponsored by the subspec~altiesgroup for the particular meeting we are attending. The Alumni Association continues to work on your behalf, and we will try to keep you abreast of any new occurrences that are taking place at the School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and look forward to seeing you at next year's Spring Clinical Day. Sincerely, (?qJ}(i/~~ Paul H. Wierzbienie c, M.D. .,. �Vol. 22, No. 4 Early Wint er 1988 Features Docs for Jocks.Three physicians look at the ups and downs of working with the Buffalo Bisons, Sabres, and Bills. • A controversialalumnus.Dr. Irving White Potter's method of delivering babies feet first while the mother was under anesthetic relieved mothers of much-feared pain, but excited great controversy among his colleagues. Artificial blood.If researchers can find a way to make synthetic hemoglobin, it should be possible to come up with a substitute for human blood that's free from diseases such as AIDS. Thar's the aim of a $4.5 million federal grant in which UB re­ searchers are participating. Page20 Page8 Self-study . In anticiparion of the l.CME site visit, the UB medical school took a long, inward look. It came up with a thoughtful report and 120 recom­ mendations for improvement. Politicalviolence.Two UB medical students went to turbulent Haiti to conduct research on the at­ titudes of women toward prenatal care. They learned more than they bargained for. Departments MedicalSchoolNews.Reaching ro the heavens, a UB student's project is successfully launched on the space shuttle Discovery and a professor works with students at ASA. Alumni.Reunion chairmen invite classmates to the May 6 celebration. Page24 Peopleand Events. HospitalNews. Classnotes. Page 18 �EARLYltl!NTER 1988 B FFhlD PHYSICIAN hNO BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST �iJOCK 3 By LISA JOSEPHSO n the middle of thepro­ fessional sports world of tackles, slashes,and line drive hits is the team physician. When there's an injury, he's there to patch and mend. But more than that, team physicianshave to be teach­ ers, counselors,and arbitra­ tors. They're vital members of every sports team. They decidewhether a player can play or whether he sits on the bench. What's it like being a doc for jocks? Three Buffalo physicians talk about what it's like working with the Bisons, Sabres, and Bills. 8l'FF11.ID PH I IAt- AND BIOMEDICALSCIE. TIST EARLY WINTER 1968 �4 BASEBALL u ou need two things to be a 'sport ' physician; said Stephen T. Joyce, M.D. "You have to be intere ted in it and you have to know the right people." Joyce, a clinical assistant professor of orthopaedics at UB, ha been a physician for the Buffalo Bisons, now a Triple A baseball team, since 1970. He is also af­ filiated with Millard Fillmore, Children's and Buffalo General hospitals, and the Erie County Medical Center. "l was chosen to work for the Bisons because of my availability and because I had worked with other sports teams in the past, so my name was known in the sports world; Joyce aid. He was the team physician with the Buffalo Braves basket­ ball team and Buffalo Stallions indoor soccer team. He is also an orthopaedic consultant for Cani ius College's teams and a member of the National fuotball league's Impartial Orthopaedic Arbitra­ tion Board. "I also enjoy sports. l played basketball in college, so working as a physician for a sports team was a way of continuing what I enjoyed," he noted. "It can also be very challenging and in­ teresting at times. It helped me to be a better doctor, I think. It's great on-the­ job training. Taking care of a healthy, prominent per on, you're under a lot of pressure to make sure all bases are covered and you're as conscientious as possible. You always try to be conscien­ tious, but when you're in the spotlight the pressure is greater." Joyce said his role as team physician is mostly a an orthopaedic, musculoskel­ etal consultant. "The trainer plays a more active role in the players' health maintenance and physical therapy and conditioning; he stated. Since the Bisons are a farm club, most EARLY11m,TIR 1968 ~ i ~ ~ ~ "If I advise a player that he will not be able to perfarm at the level he's used to, he usually listens and doesn't play. I tell him you have to be able to run, jump, and skip rope if you're going to play ball.'' players are under contract to the parent major league team. The physician from the majors serves a the primary doctor, and Joyce offer a second opinion. As a result, Joyce doesn't usually feel the pressure that's placed on some sports physicians to patch up an athlete and send him back to play before he' healed. "My bos es have never put pressure on me to put a player back in if I felt he wasn't ready," Joyce stared. "If I advise a player that he will not be able to perform at the level he's used to, he usually listens and doesn't play. I tell him you have to be able to run, jump, and skip rope if you're going to be able to play ball." In baseball, some of the most common medical problems Joyce deals with are shoulder and elbow injuries, which come from a lot of use, and contusions, which result from being hit by the ball or bat. "Often, if you get people to pay atten­ tion to the mechanics, you won't have as many injuries,~ Joyce commented. If a player is swinging a bat the wrong way or twisting his body the wrong way to catch a ball, he can easily hurt himself. Correcting the way he swings or catches can prevent many injuries. According to Joyce, safety is a major issue in any organized sport. He feels that doctors have always been at the forefront of safety issues. "I wouldn't want to depend on the coaches to make the safety decisions if I were a player," he remarked. "Ultimate­ ly though, the owners make the deci­ sions, and they're usually pretty com­ pliant with our (doctors') findings. "If sports medicine has a role, it's preventive medicine. You're taking care of people, not just sports. "Sports medicine is care of the well. It include or should include nutrition and overall maintenance of the body as well as stretching and training." • BUFF/I.IDPHYSICIII.N AND BIOMEDIC/1.L SCIENTIST �5 HOCKEY sports physician is one who maintains good health among players and is physically pre­ sent when injuries occur; according to John L. Butsch, M.D. Butsch, a clinical assistant professor of surgery at UB, has been the team doc­ tor for the Buffalo Sabres hockey team since 1973. He is also affiliated with Children's Hospital, Buffalo General Hospital, and Erie County Medical Center. ul've been interested in sports most of my life; Butsch said. '1 played hockey in high school and college, and I still play once a week for fun in the winter. Being the team physician is a good way to be around the sport and help people at the same time.n Some of the most common medical problems Butsch deals with as a hockey physician are lacerations (cuts), soft tissue injuries (swollen muscles and tissues), and knee and shoulder injuries. "I see broken shoulders a loc; he said. To help keep the players healthy, the Sabres have a neurosurgeon, an or­ thopaedic consultant and an internist on staff, as well as a trainer. The cr;;iner is essential to the players' overall fitness and health, according to Butsch. "The doc­ tor, trainer, and player work together co develop fitness programs and rehabilita­ tion programs" he explained. Although Butsch attends practically every game and spends a lot of time in the locker room with the players, he makes sure his relationship with them stays professional. "If you gee coo buddy-buddy with che players, they tend not to respect you; Bursch stated. "I treat them the same way I would any other patient." Butsch acknowledges that sometimes there is tremendous pressure, either by the player or by management, to let a BUFFALO PHYSICIA)'; AND BIO MEDICAL SCIENTIST John L. But.sch, M.D. "If the player is medically capable of playing, then it's up to him to decide (if he'll play.) Pain is nature's way of telling someone that somethingis wrong. I would neverlet a player in a game until he was thoroughly healed.'' player back in a game before he's ready. "There is always pressure to let the player go back and play, but management is usually good about understanding that a player could get more injured if he goes back too early; Butsch said. "If the player is medically capable of playing, then it's up to him to decide. "Pain is nature's way of telling someone chat something is wrong. I would never let a player in a game u mil he was thoroughly healed." According to Bursch, the Sabres will have a psychologist on staff this season. He feels it's important to have someone available co help players cope with the pressures of being a professional athlete . Although there has been a lot of con­ troversy in sports lately over the illegal use of steroids and the use of illegal drugs, Butsch has not observed a drug problem with the Sabres. "I think in general the Sabres are pret­ ty free from alcohol and drug abuse; he commented. • rug abuse has become a major issue in sports today, espe­ cially in football. A number of players - including Bruce Smith of the Buffalo Bills were recently given 30-day sus­ pensions by che National Football League (NFL) for drug abuse. Oweo Bossman, M.D., was on che three-member panel that two years ago recommended suspensions for players who test positive for drug use. "lf a player is suspected of drug use, the first seep is co evaluate him locally; Bos.smansaid. "If the problem continues, the league becomes involved and suspends the player for 30 days. If he is still found to be taking drugs a third time, he willbe suspended for a year and probably permanently." Bossman, a clinical assistant professor EARLYWINTER 1<168 �6 FOOTBALL of medicine at UB, was an internist for the Bills from 1970 until last season. He is also an attending physician at Buffalo General Hospital. Another aspect of this drug problem involves the illegal use of steroids. Accor­ ding to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the use of steroids is widespread among professional athletes, particularly football players and weight lifters. Bossman acknowledges that the use of anabolic steroids has become a very big issue in the FL. "Last year was the first year they checked for teroids, and this year they are going to do something about ic; he said. "It's very much a problem and an issue. "They are widely used in many sports. If a player is wealthy enough, he can get steroids, called DDR's, that are undetec• table in urine:' Bossman said he would never prescribe any kind of steroids, but he added that they are widely available on the streets, in gyms, and from some trainers. As an internist, Bossman felt it was im­ portant to teach the players preventive medicine. He would talk about drugs and infectious diseases and show videotapes on what happens to people who abuse drugs . He would also meet with all the doctors and players once a year to discuss good nutrition as well as physical conditioning. Some of the most common medical problems he dealt with were hyperten­ sion, ulcers, and infectious diseases such as sore throats, venereal diseases and hepatitis, ~the kinds of things you ex­ pect to see among healthy males: he remarked. The Bills also have special diet, exer· cise, conditioning, and weight lining pro­ grams that last year-round. There are trai ners, dentists, equipment managers, EARLYWINTER 1'188 portant to function as a personal physi­ cian for each player as well as a team physician for management. [ always had the option of treating the player in con• fidence unless the injury would affect the team." Many athletes have to cope with not only the physical pressures of perform· ing well and getting injured, but also the emotional pressures of performing well and of knowing that their careers are relatively short. •When a player's career is on the down­ slide or the team starts to lose a lot, and no one knows who the ax will fall on, many problems begin to creep up; he commented. "The player usually starts having marital problems and often drug and alcohol abu e begins. "As a physician I have tried to stress the importance of having a psychologist on staff for these players, to the Players OU!efl Bossman, M.D. Association; Bossman stated. uManage­ ment doesn't want to assume responsibili• ty for these players, o I feel the Players Association should. Unfortunately, no one has listened yet." When asked abo ut any pressure he might have been under to patch players up and send them back onto the field, Bossman didn't hesitate. ulfa player was having pain and would not endanger himself by playing, I might give him something for the pain; he admitted. "However, if he was in any danger at all, I would not let him play." Bossman left the Bills for personal reasons. a strengrh coach, and other health-care "I used to rhink working with the Bills specialists to meet those needs. was very exciting; he said. "It v.-asalways As a sports physician, Bossman said he a lot of work - just drudgery sometimes had two different roles: uone as a team - but it was new and challenging. physician the other as a personal "After you're around the league for the physician. seventh or eighth season though, it's not uAs an internist I was more like a per­ as exciting. lc's getting to be too much sonal physician~ he said. 1 felt it was im- like a business." • "If a player was having pain and would not endanger himself by playing, 1 might give him somethingfor the pain." BUFFAI.DPHYSICIA. Al--1)BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �7 for lefr: An 1r• regular lltanium max,llofo.cial im• plant trea ted with bacteria look bump . Left· \ft r 10 second of treatment with tlie B D Uhm, \110le1 Device It loob smooth. Both photos are magnified BUDDEVICEUSES LIGHTTOSTERILIZE IN JUSTSECONDS By MARK MARABELLA B .. ecau e the BUD Ultraviolet Device is so fast, "this machine will make other conventional medical sterilization processes, like the autoclave, obsolete in the near future," according to Robert E. Duthie Jr., president of BUD Industries Inc. He unveiled a prototype of the device, which resembles a stainless steel microwave oven, at Roswell Park Memorial Institute m September. A mechanical engineer focusing upon medical implant and electronic devices, Duthie worked closely for five years with orman G. Schaaf, D.D.S., professor of prosthodontics in the UB School of Dentistry and chief of the Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Pros­ thetics at Roswell Park; Michael A . Meenaghan D.D.S., Ph.D., director of UB's Surface Science Center, and other doctors, technicians, and clinicians from UB and Roswell in developing the patented sterilization system for the device. Unlike an autoclave, which takes 15 to 20 minutes to sterilize objects using heat, Duchie's BUD Ultraviolet Device uses ultraviolet light to sterilize objects in mere second . It is able to sterilize crevices that other ultraviolet devices can't reach. The device, using ultraviolet "dynamic sterilization," is able to sterilize surgical instruments and titanium implants that secure maxillofac1al prostheses used for dental and facial reconstruction. Currently, BUD lndu tries is awaiting funding from the National Institutes of B FFAIDPHYSICV,NAND Bl MEDICAL SCIENTlST Health and is applying to the FDA for recommended clinical trials before manufacturing and marketing. Once it has the green light, it plans to build its manufacturing base in the Buffalo area. T raditional ultraviolet sterilizing methods have been considered inade­ quate because the ultraviolet light has to hit all surfaces of the object in order to sterilize it. On irregularly shaped objects, some areas are in shadow. But the BUD device, using "dynamic sterilization," is capable of causing excita­ tion of molecules on all surfaces, Duthie said. The patented secret of the BUD device is a modified germicidal arc lamp which releases large quantities of thermal energy, resulting in microcombustion of organic and inorganic particles on the surface . In a recent paper accepted for publica­ tion in the International)ou:m.alo/ Oral and Maxillofacial Implants, Schaaf, together with Sarupinder Singh, D.D.S., a graduate of the UB School of Dental Medicine, concluded," 'Dynamic steril­ ization' is a rapid and convenient method of destroying potentially harm­ ful bacteria on all surfaces of irregularly shaped objects which supports ultravio­ let light' capabilities for sterilization." The simple procedure for the steriliza­ tion of a body implant or a surgical instrument requires only 10 econds on each side of the object. Sterilization can be done conveniently at the operating table, which will greatly expedite surgical procedures. As Schaaf and Singh noted in their re earch, the sterilization process of a permanent prosthesis implant is vital. The implants, anchored in bone, are made of titanium because it has a natural oxide layer which bonds more reaily to the bone. The BUD Ultraviolet Device energizes the surface of the titanium, in­ creasing the oxide layer, making the im­ plant more compatible with the body. This evidence is supported by Laurie Hartman, D.D.S., of UB's School of Dental Medicine, in a paper also ac­ cepted for publication by the lntem.a­ tional Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants. Add itionally, while conventional sterilization methods use water and detergents, the BUD device employs on­ ly ultra-violet light, which substantially reduces physical surface deterioration of the object being sterilized. This is impor­ tant because anything which comes in contact with the implant surface has the potential to alter it permanently. Furthermore, the BUD device va­ porizes microorganisms, preventing sur­ face contamination of the device itself. For this reason it requires no cleaning and little maintenance. • EARLY Wll-<'TER1986 �Controver.si 8 hen a young Dr. Benjamin Potter, born m 1787, moved from Rhode Island to Batavia, he little thought that he would be the first in a continuing lineage of six generations of physicians who would bear the Potter name. This paper focuses on Dr. Irving White Potter, the fourth generation, who graduated from the UB medical school in 1891. Early in his career it became evident that he had a great talent for obstetrics, and from 1906on he pecialized in that field. His aptitude made him sought after by many physician and midwives when faced with a difficult delivery. In par­ ticular, Potter revised an old technique of version and extraction and developed it into a method that bear. hi name to th1 day. One great ad\•antage of the Potter "in­ ternal podalic version and extraction" is that it shortened the time of deliveries while relieving the mother of the feared painful second stage of labor. To achieve this, once the cervix was fully dilated or dilatable, Dr. Charles Reynolds, a lifelong friend, would administer chloroform anesthesia by the "drop method" until the patient was asleep. Then Dr. Potter would put on long gloves and manually smooth and stretch out the vagina. Reaching into the uterus he would flip the baby around and bring it to the outside world feet first. By 1922 Potter had collected 1,130 cases of version which he reported in his book The Place of Versionin Obstetrics. This excited much unfavorable criticism among obstetnCLans nationally and in­ ternationally. Undaunted, Potter per­ sisted in a method he sincerely believed in and, in his lifetime, delivered 35,000 babies - more than any obstetrician or midwife, living or dead, ever delivered. This figure is remarkable in that it was B R: BFRT A EARLYWINTERI attained chiefly among his private pa­ tients. Dr. Reynolds kept accurate records on these patients, and he informed me that in Potter's busiest year, he delivered 1,800infants - an average of 4.9 babies a day. Over the years, criticism continued. In 1915,Joseph B. Delee of orthwestem University and author of a textbook on ob tetric , remar ed, "F-ew operations are o satisfac ory as version, but none is more dangerous if performed without due consideration of the conditions." W. Whitridge Williams of Johns Hopkins, whose textbook is standard in most medical schools, noted a mortality rate of 6.73 per cent among patient delivered by Potter in 1920.But the mor­ tality rate wa 7 per cent on the first 10,000delivenes on Williams's own ser­ vice, a figure he justified by declaring that many of that number were delivered by students learning their technique on ward patients while "Potter's patients were delivered by probably the most dex­ terous ob tetrical operator in the world." It i important to remember that Pot­ ters mo reality rate stood at 6.73 per cent because he was often summoned to deliver late in labor, in neglected case , or for the most difficult problems con­ fronting other obstetrician . But even considering that, his own alma mater did not support him. The medical school asked Williams to recommend a new pro­ fessor of obstetrics because Mwehave a wild man here; and Williams suggested Dr. Francis Goldsborough, who wa in­ stalled a professor in 1910. Yet Potter displayed fortitude in facing the prevailing criticism, and a guest book he maintained contained signatures of 914 eminent doctors from countries all over the world. A classmate of mine, Orvan W. Hess (M'3I), clinical professor of gynecology LLM RUFFALOPHYS!CJJ\1'AND BIOMEDICALSC1£NTIST �Dr. Irving itePotter, .. A UB alumnus, Dr. Potter delivered 35,000babies in his lifetime -mot of them feet first . using a technique he developed. lrt ing Wlute Potter on his graduauon from the UB medical school BUFFALO PHYSICIA . AND Bl MEDICAL SCIEl'ffiST EARLYWINTER 1988 �lop One fool, then the other, 1s br ught don n If nee an the doctor onunu upuard pres ur on the h1ld'~ head b">push mg on the outside of the mother's abdomen B01tvm. Graspm 1h fee, u uh the first an,l m,d. di f111gen the feet are brought to the our.side u.orld and obstetrics at Yale School of Medicine, noted, "In discussions of obstetrical topics such as version and ex­ traction, or confronted with a controver· sial point of view, it was Potter who usually held the winning card - a voice of authority based on his vast personal experience. H es continued, "Although version and extraction is used infrequently today, Dr. Potter's developments and perfection of the technique (through his talent and courage as a pioneer in its ap­ plication) remains an outstanding achievement of the era during which he practiced obstetrics." In I947, as an internist, I referred a pa• tient of mine to Dr. Potter. She had a central placenta praevia, was in nephritic toxemia, and was convulsing - a life- EARLY \IIJNTER 1988 threatening situation. Potter delivered turning "green" and Potter called for a the placenta first, then a live, normal nurse to bring a textbook on obstetrics. baby girl using version and extraction. "Son," Potter exclaimed, "I am stuck. My mouth fell open in amazement, and Please turn to page 310 and start reading when l could talk, I said, ~or. Potter, I fast so I can learn to deliver the baby." have never heard of this being done nor While the fainting father was frantical­ have I read of it:' ly reading, the baby was suddenly born "Oh, that's nothing; he replied. "I've and the anticipated cry was heard. done four or five of these.ft "Son," Potter said, "you were a big help Mother and married daughter are alive to me. I am grateful; the mother is and well today. grateful; the baby is grateful." Instances of pixieism were not uncom­ mon for Potter. Frequently he would otter was obstetrician-in-chief at two enter a new mother's room carrying a Buffalo hospitals and attending at vase of flowers left outside another room four other institutions. In his prime, he for the night. After joining his patient was an annual lecturer at the New York in a hearty laugh, he would return the Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital vase before his "thefr" was discovered. in New York City. Dr. Herbert Burwig of Buffalo wrote of He was a diplomate of the American a time when Potter allowed a husband Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, a to witness a delivery. The husband was f-ellow of the American College of P BUFFAID PHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �ll Top The scapula o leT bone 1 pu hed undeT the pubic arch with the index fmgeT m tead of pulling the hoitldeT. PotteT noted that thas uru an 1mprot ement in technique oteT the one he described an an raTlieT paper Bot• tom The head I delat1ered last Surgeons, and a member of the American Medical Association, Erie County and New York State Medical Societies, and the American Association of Obstetricians, Gynecologists, and Ab­ dominal Surgeons. He was also a presi­ dent of the Buffalo Academy of Medicine and a member of the Medical Union, the Aesculapian Club, the Buffalo Country Club, Buffalo Athletic Club, and many others. In 1942 a bronze plaque in honor of Potter was unveiled at the opening of a new obstetrics floor in Millard Fillmore Hospital. This plaque is now treasured in the home of Milton Grosvenor Pot­ ter, Jr., M.D., lrving's grandson. He, along with Paul H. Potter of Buffalo and Ben­ jamin E. Potter of New Hampshire, co­ authored a paper from which I have bor­ rowed heavily in preparing this story. BUFFALOPHYSICIANA D BIOMEDICALSCIENTlST accomplish the maneuver safely, while the attempts of other men to follow my directions are sure to have disastrous out­ come.• Without trying, Potter brought honor and respect to the medical school that rving W. Potter died in 1951at the age graduated him, but failed to name him of B?, having been blind for the last to its faculty. Yet chis was a great man, two years of his life. His method is used whose pleasant personality, humor, infrequently now, and only when the in­ perspicacity, and dogged dedication to dications are precise - rarely "elective­ principles he believed in, raise him to the ranks of Austin Flint, Ro well Park, and ly" as he used ic. Many remarks about Potter centered George Thorn, all internationally on how capable he was in executing his famous physicians who have been technique whereas others les.sable would associated with the University of Buffalo • attempt it and do harm. This led him to School of Medicine. state, Mthemost recent objection to my technique of version is that it is a one­ man method; in other words, that (Ed,IOf'sNeu: RooeTt A. Ullman,AR, M.D., FA.CP., becauseof a natural aptitude and extend­ F.C.C.P., a m,,rnberof rhtc1'wof 1931, is now retired ed experience and practice, I am able to and living in Ari~ona). They repre ent the sixth generation of physicians in the Potter family. A seventh, the son of Benjamin E., has been accepted for pre-medical training. I EARLYWlNTER 1968 �IZ W ith an eye to someday finding a human blood substitute that has a longer shelf life and is free from diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis, researchers from the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences are participating in a $4.S million federally funded study to develop a synthetic form of hemoglobin. Also participating m the five-year study, funded by the ational Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood, are the University of Iowa, the lead institution; orthwestern University; Johns Hopkins University, and the Research Institute of Scripp Clime. Robert W. Noble, professor of medicine and biochemistry, is the principal in• vestigator for the Buffalo component of EARLY ll.1NTER 1988 the study, which will receive an estimated $1.3 milhon in federal funding over a five-year period. The ',1,"0rk will be conducted at the Buf­ falo Veterans Administration Medical Center where oble is chief of the Laboratory of Protein Chemistry. Working with him on the project are two research chemists at the medical center, Laura Kwiatkowski, Ph.D., research assistant professor of medicine at UB, and Alice Wile, M.S., research assistant instructor in medicine at UB. The aim of the project is to modify human hemoglobin so it can be used as an oxygen carrier outside the human red blood cell, Noble explained. "The problem I that when you take hemoglobin outside of blood cells it has a number of properties that make it a poor oxygen transporter7 he noted. For one thin11;,the hemoglobin mole­ cule breaks up into smaller units that pass through the kidneys and are lost in unne. The researchers will try to design molecules that remain intact. The fact that hemoglobin binds so tightly with oxygen poses another challenge. While hemoglobin has to pick up oxygen 1n the lungs, it also has to release the oxygen to other parts of the body. In the red blood cell, there's a certain molecule that helps the hemoglobin release the oxygen, Noble pointed out. But when you remove the hemoglobin from the red blood cell, that helping molecule is gone and the hemoglobin Bl FFALOPHYSI I~ A:-.DBIOMEDICAL SCIE1'.'11ST �ARTIFIC AL BLOODS GOAL OF $4.5 MILLIONGRANT .. won't release the oxygen. The researcheTh will have to find a way to entice the hemoglobin to let go of the oxygen at the proper time. Another challenge to overcome is the problem of oxidation (the chemical pro­ cess which, in metals, causes rust). Hemoglobin has an iron atom which, if it becomes oxidized, will prevent the hemoglobin from binding with oxygen. Red blood cells have a mechani rn that lows down oxidation and acts as a natural "rustproofing," Noble explained. The researchers will have to find a similar mechanism for their artificial hemoglobin. The Buffalo researchers will work with human proteins manufactured in bacteria, converting them into synthetic BUFFALOPHYSICIJ\NAND BIOMEDICAL SCIE :TIST hemoglobins to be used by researchers at all five centers. They also will study the properties of these synchetic hemoglobins, particularly the kinetic properties of their reaction with oxygen. Using techniques of molecular genetics, researchers at the University of Iowa will insert human genes into a com­ mon bacteria, E. coli,converting them in­ to factories that manufacture the hemoglobin protein. They will then selectively modify the genes to produce single changes in the amino-acid sequence of the protein. The Iowa researchers will grow quantities of the bacteria and ship it to Buffalo. Here Noble and his colleagues will ex­ tract the protein, add the iron-containing heme, purify it, and essentially tum it in- to a hemoglobin molecule. Then they'll distribute it to the investigator at all of the sites who willperform different kinds of measurements on it. oble is confident that the researchers willbe able to modify the hemoglobin . "It's a big leap from there to making a blood substitute," Noble cautioned. "But this is a fin step." The next step would be to learn how to grow the synthetic hemoglobin in large quantities. Noble, whose re earch bas focu ed on hemoglobin for 24 years, said tbe altered hemoglobin may be manufactured in large quantities in E. coli.,which doesn't carry human viruses. Noting that beer breweries grow yeast in large quantities, he speculated that yeast could be a medium as well. • EARLY Wl1"1cR I ��15 MEDCALSCHOOL EXAMINES ITSPAST, PEERINMFUTURE How can we get any better than this? Extensive self-study suggests 120 ways. n a soul-searching document that took l1h years co compile, the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences lists 120recommendation on how it can im• prove itself in areas ranging from ad­ ministration co academic programs. The institutional self-study was done in preparation for the ovember site visit of the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME). The LCME is the accrediting body for American medical schools. k's composed of representatives of two groups; the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges. Involving the University faculty, staff, students, and hospital representatives, the self- tudy is a massive effort to asse the school's strengths and weaknesses, goals and objectives. UB completed its first self-study in 1980. Accomplishments since then include: The M.D./Ph.D. program was established. The Early Assurance Program, where undergraduates find out as sophomores that they will be accepted into medical school, was established. • The Graduate Medical-Deneal Edu­ cation Consortium was established to coordinate graduate education among BUFFALOPHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDICALSCIEITT!ST the medical school, UB's School of Den­ tal Medicine, and the affiliated ho picals. The Faculty Practice Plan was e tablished is 1984. The Western New York Health Sciences Con ortium was established. The consortium is designed to enhance cooperation among the local health in­ stitutions and strengthen the medical school's networking. Through coor­ dinated centers of excellence, it aims to establish Buffalo as a major health center. Physical facilities have expanded con­ siderably with completion of the Health Sciences Library in 1985, the new animal facilities in 19 6, and the educational wing in 1987. There has been a 102 per cent net increase of funding from all sources. Clinical departments were enriched by 45 new faculty positions, eight ad­ ministrative assistants and 14 secretarial positions. To reflect its broader mission, the name of the school was expanded in 1987 to include the words ~and Biomedical Sciences.ff The priorities for the future, according to John Naughton, vice president for clinical affairs and dean of the medical school, include: EARLYWJNTIJl 1988 �I 16 • Minority education - giving greater emphasis to recruitment. • Strengthening the infrastructure improving things such as audiovisual suppon, the libraries, and assistance with financial aid. • Continued enhancement of the quality of programs. The school will probably develop at least two new departments - emergency medicine and radiation oncology - and probably add four residency programs - radiation on ­ cology, emergency medicine, plastic surgery, and preventive medicine. "I think we've provided the foundation of programs we need in large part; now it's time for improvement and enhance­ ment; Naughton said. T he biggest issue that the UB medical school faces is the lack of a university medical center, Naughton noted. That ingredient works against having a strong institutional bond because it's hard to get all of the faculty together in one place. There's always the worry that it may weaken the quality of education. On the other hand, he added, the school has access to a large, diverse com­ munity of patients and facilities. UB can use these relationships to build quality, but it's a more complicated process than if there were a single medical center. "If you read what our students say when they leave Buffalo, they find the diversity very, very positive; Naughton said. "I think we've figured out ways of coping with this and the self-study helps in that effort.• Other recommendations for the future include: Administration • Ensure that teaching performance receives adequate recognition in relation­ ship co research. • Through educational programs, en- EARLYWINTERl988 Prioritiesfor the future include minority education,strengthening the school's infrastructure,and continued improvement of programs. "I think we've provided the foundation of programs we need in large part; now it's time for improvement and enhancement." sure that faculty have the skills necessary to remain competitive in research. • Offer to graduate students services that are similar to those offered to medical students, such as meeting areas, lockers, publication of research awards and competitions, and research opportunities. Buildings • Improve the infrastructure of Parker Hall by 1992 to accommodate a new PET Scanner, uclear Med icine Department, the Cardiovascular Research Center, and health science shops . • Relocate basic science faculty, who are now at satellite sites, to the Ma in Street Campus by 1994. • Increase the amount of space available to clinical faculty on the Main Street Campus and in teaching hospitals. Health Sciences Library • Encourage the University to recruit more library staff, including an expert in computer searches of sociological, psy­ chiatric, and psychological data bases. • Increase the budget for current serial subscripcions co maintain at least 3,000 titles . Coordinate subscriptions by af­ filiated institutions to broaden the available subscriptions in the region. • Consider the needs of medical, graduate and postdoctoral students and research faculty when scheduling library hours. Help affiliated hospitals find ways to make their libraries more available to students throughout the day. Admissions • Be more aggressive in recruiting and take other steps to maintain the quality of students in the face of a projected decreasing pool of applicants. • Explore establishment of joint degree programs with other units at UB, such as an M.D./J .D. program or an M.D./M.B.A. • Maintain the Early Assurance Pro­ gram and all other recruitment activities in the basic sciences. Continue to place a strong emphasis on the recruitment of minority students. Construct a new 150,000-net-square­ foot research building by 1993-1994. • Complete the LaForge Conference Center and the proposed central dining • Coordinate the development of a facility by fall of 1990. credentialing system for medical students Medical education BUFFALOPHYSI CIAN AND BIO MEDICAL SCIENTIST �17 in accordance with revised New York State Department of Health policies. • Develop a system to determine how many of the school's graduates eventually become licensed. • Make the student advisement system more responsive to students' needs. Iden­ tify a special person in the University Financial Aid Office to work with medical students. • Create special graduate assistantship awards by the basic science departments. Curriculum • Consider whether students should be required to pass Parts I and U of the National Medical Board Examinations before graduating. • Ensure that active, independent learning and problem solving, rather than just lecture , comprise a large por­ tion of every student's education. • Put more emphasis on ambulatory care, geriatrics and chronic disease through the development of a required three-module educational experience. • Increase emphasis on medical ethics, particularly advances in medical technology. • Introduce special topics on nutrition, medical juri prudence, medical applica• tion of computers, and others. The biggest issue that the UB medical school Basic science departments faces is the lack of a • Increase the number of postdoctoral university medical center. On the other hand, the school has access to a large, diverse community of patients and facilities. "I think we've figured out ways of coping with this and the self study helps that effort." Medical students Research and • Limit multiple-choice questions for basic science education third and fourth year-end rotation exams • In cooperation with the Buffalo Veterans Administration Medical Cen­ ter, acquire a PET Scanner. • Work with the Basic Science depart­ ments to increase the annual stipends paid graduate students. • Through the newly established Of­ fice for Research and Graduate Studies, increase the coordination of graduate stu­ dent education and elevate the program's visibility and image within the school. BUFFALOPHYSICIAN AND WOMEDICAL SCIENTIST the unique stresses of medical school life. • Find solutions to the campus park­ ing problem. and increase the use of essay and short­ answer questions. • Encourage the establishment of a series of review lectures for Part I of the national boards . • Coordinate the hours of the Health Sciences Library, Clark Gym, and other facilities to parallel the medical school schedule. • Identify a liaison in the University Counseling Center who is sensitive to fellows and request financial support for these fellowships. • Recruit faculty for the expansion of molecu lar biology and neurosciences. • Encourage expansion of interdisci­ plinary research. • Obtain more funding for secretarial support. • Emphasize recruitment of minority students and establish a program to recruit and retain minority faculty. Clinical departments • Establish residency program in radiation onco logy, preventive medicine, plastic surgery, and colon and rectal surgery. • Establish equitable fringe benefits for faculty members in the clinical sciences throughout the affiliated ho pita] system. • Increase secetarial support staff, clerk typists, and research associates. • Integrate computer networks throughout the medical school and af­ filiated hospitals. • Improve the research facilities at af­ filiated hospitals. • Recruit faculty capable of doing research. • Emphasize recruitment of minority students. Affiliated institutions and clinical affairs • Track the effects and implementation of the Bell Commission report. • Develop plans to provide service to hospitalized patient· independent of the need for residents. • EARLY'1-"INTER 1988 �18 NEWPROGRAM FORGES ~ By ARTHl he Western ew York Chapter of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society and two Buffalo hospitals have launched a new program to coor­ dinate and improve the care of people with multiple sclerosis in Western New York. The program, called the University at Buffalo Multiple Sclerosis System, will unify the services of the chapter , the William C. Baird Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of Millard Fillmore Hospital, and the Bernard B. Hoffman Multiple Sclerosis Center of Buffalo General Hospital. The system was developed under the auspices of the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and its depart­ ments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine. The leadership in the two departments "is an important example of how inter­ disciplinary programs can work for the benefit of the people of Western New York; said John Naughton, vice presi- EARLYWINTER1988 dent for clinical affairs and dean of the medical school at UB. The effort is particularly significant since the eight-county region has one of the highest incidences of multiple sclerosis in the United States, according to Arthur V. Cardella, executive direc­ tor of the chapter and chairman of the system's 11-rnemberexecutive committee. With an estimated 1,500 diagnosed cases of multiple sclerosis, Western New York has nearly one case of the ailment per 1,000 population, he added. beneficial services. · increase communi three partners. Plans call for the I by computer. Each system will have medical record tha 1 three agencies. Programs of the Chapter, National Society focus on soc ing, support groups people with mult i families, and the p Millard Fillmore' Multiple Sclerosis f years ago was the f that interferon appe treatment in somt sclerosis, which prE successful trearmen Buffalo General's Multiple Sclerosis ( tention on rehabil maintain the fu, 1 1 he most common crippling disease of young adults, multiple sclerosisaffects an estimated 250,000people in the con­ tinental U.S. Ir is characterized by alter­ nating periods of disease inactivity and flare-ups, known as exacerbations. Activities of the three partner organizations, each offering some specializedservices not available from the others, previously were not coordinated, so some people may have gone without BUFFALO PHYSICIANANI �19 •ARTNERSHIP FORMS CARE HUR PAGE s. The new system will nif tion among the 1er;rtners to be linked :h person entering the ,e one computerized hat i accessible to all 1e Western ew York 1al Multiple clerosis social services, counsel­ JpS, and education for J lciple sclero i , their ! public. ,re's William C. Baird is Research Center two e first center to report )pears to be an effective ,me cases of multiple previously has had no 1ent. 1l's Bernard B. Hoffman s Center focuses its at­ bilitation medicine to functioning and in- \N D BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST dependence of individuals with multiple sclerosis. "We have all the components in place in Buffalo to be a really great multiple sclerosis treatment center," said Lawrence Jacobs, M.D., chief of the Baird Research Center and professor of neurology at UB. "The sy tern is going to blend all of these components under the proper heading of a university program. Wewill be able to deal with a much greater over· view, haring information, ideas, and services." arl V. Granger, M.D., co-director of the Hoffman Center, said that "hav­ ing a chronic disease such a multiple sclerosis does not necessarily mean a pa­ tient's condition is static . --rhe variability of ymptoms and need for flexible treatment plans necessitate an interdisciplinary approach for successful case management of the patient." Granger is also a UB professor of rehabilitation medicine and head of rehabilitation medicine at Buffalo General. The other co-director of the Hoffman Center is Michael T. Genco, M.D., UB clinical associate professor of neurology. that patients will con­ Cardella ·cres.sed tinue to receive care from their private physicians. "We're not •a managed care system," he added. "We're a system for support designed to work with physicians in the community. However, when a case becomes too difficult for a private physi­ cian to manage, we willrefer the patient to appropriate specialists with knowledge and familiarity with the circumstances and needs of those with multiple sclerosis." While the system's medical services in­ itially will be offered at Buffalo General and Millard Fillmore, Cardella said plans call for the establishment of satellite sites at other ho pitals in Western ew York. • EARLYll1NTI:R I �p 0 L I T I C A L 20 = By MYRIAM DA IEL It was to be part research, part vacation, but two students learnedthe realities of life in turbulent Haiti he gunshots were loud and distinct. Seven were heard, one after another. An overwhelming silence followed. The night was still young and we were terrified as we lay in bed in the house of Dr. Michel Vauges, Myr­ iam's uncle. Someone wa knocking on the door; we quickly put on our robes and fol­ lowed Dr. Vauges down tairs. It wa only our s cond night here. Dr . Vauges looked through the window and saw three men. The mid­ dle one appeared hurt. We hesitated before opening the door since, after all, we were staying with members of the up­ per class. The patient was laid on the examination table . He must have been in his early 30s. His body was frail and hi pain seemed unbearable. A bullet had pierced through his forearm, tearing his biceps. He was given a tetanus shot and his arm was bandaged as he was rushed to the hospital. That night we barely slept. It was the summer of 1987, and we had just completed our second year of studies at the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Burning with curiosity and a desire for adventure, we had obtained a fellowship from SmichKline Beckman. Our goal was to explore the attitude of Haitian women coward prenatal care. We chose the beautiful island EARLYII/INTERl9t!tl of Haiti because of its high infant mortality rate and because we wanted to acquire a broader understanding of the background of the growing Haitian population in New York. It was our hypothesis that the economic, educational, and religious status of the Haitian woman would have a great in­ fluence on her attitude toward prenatal care. We had been warned against many things, but felt prepared. . , .... .. ~ ' .... "He must have been in his early . : 30s. His body •., was /Tail and his pain seemed unbearable. A bullet had pierced through his forearm, tearing ' his biceps.'' I • 0, •• ... "'" · Myriam Dani e l: lt was exactly 3 p.m. Thursday, June 25 when my American Airlines plane landed in Haiti. The island appeared so peaceful from the airplane's window. I followed the crowd to the gate. l wondered whether I looked more like a native than a tourist. Although Haitian by birth , l had left:my country when l was four years old. This fellowship was an excellent oppor­ tunity for me to reacquaint myself with my native land. Carol and l had organized our schedules very carefully. We were going to work hard every morning, but the afternoons would be ours. We were going to Cap Haitian, to the beach, BUFFALOPHYSICl/\l-1i\NO BIOMEDICALSCIEJIITTST �V I 0 L E N C E 21 & CAROL DeCOSTA -::::=::::: to the mountains, to the clubs, and even next door to the Dominican Republic. This wa going ro be a summer to remember. The airport wa like every other airport. I was a ked to open my luggage, and a oon as I managed to redo e it, a young man in shorts took the suitca e to a corner and said, "Bernmwemsa ou fxl:Joil bem" - "Give me whatcha gonna give me:' I searched through my pockets and gave him two American dollars. He seemed pleased. He carried my lug­ gage outside where a big crowd was wait­ ing. I heard my name being called and recognized a smiling face in the crowd. It was my uncle, Dr. Vauges. He asked me to wait while he went to get the car. As soon as he left, I found myself sur­ rounded by natives begging for money. As I searched my purse for loose .:. change, the crowd ~ doubled. I was down iii -~- .,.. to my lat quarter f [j .· -- - . ·~ -. :h:/Js~:;le came ~-: -~=:- i While driving to my uncle's house, I i ·:= _-;; raining a medical degree from a U.S. medical school, l never had to worry about my next meal or a place to sleep. Carol De Co ta : I arrived two days later. I'm originally from Guyana, but grew up in New York City. I barely poke French or Creole, but would not let the language handicap me. I had traveled to everal places in the past and was able to adjust quickly. We shared a room at Dr. Vauges's house. We soon realized -- -- . _ __ -~:. :~t·:.:_ · - _- _-_ - ~ -.=-:-- ~--:-:_:_?·"=~~-- f:-:=-;;..~~~ "It was exactly 3 p.m. Thursday, June 25 when my American Ai rlines plane landed in Haiti. The island appeared so peaceful from the airplane's window.'' L._..:_-=:..._,,__::__==.~.....:~.....:~....:::. ~ -..G.?.S t... ~ ~~~a~;;se;:?liill noticed that the poverty and the separa­ tion between the lower and upper class were blatant. The side­ walks were crowded with poor people trying to sell enough goods to survive another day. The sun was frying their dark skins. Their bodies were frail. Some children were unclothed and their feet were bare on the burning pavement. came to notice that although people of various complex­ ions constituted the upper class, only people of darker com­ plexion constituted the lower class. Sitting in the car, 1 could not help the sadness that wa overwhelming me. I had been very fortunate. Not only was I two year away from ob- BUFF.-.LOPHYSICIAN/\ND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST that America wa indeed the "Land of Freedom." ln Haiti, we felt confined. We couldn't go for a walk whenever we wanted and most of the time had co be accompanied. Haitians love foreigners, e pecially those from America . However, due co the political situation, we had to be cautious. The country was in the middle of a polit1cal debate, in a tran­ sitional state from anarchy to democracy. The people wanted the resignation of the president of the ational Congress, General anfi, whom they felt had violated the con titution. The general strike started the Monday after our arrival. During the strike, all businesses were closed, public transpor- EARLYIVL\ITERl �22 tation was not available, and people were advised to remain in the safety of their homes in orde r to avoid the street riot . The first day of the strike marked the beginning of the never-ending riots which would accomplish nothing but the bloodshed of the less fortunate. That was the night we heard the gunshots and aw our first panent . That evening the whole nation turned on their TVs and radios to listen to General anfi's speech, which many had hoped would be more like a farewell. The initial goal of our study ~'35 to reach women who were not using the prenatal center at Cite Soleil, but the streets became so un ­ safe that the goal had to be abandoned. lt wasn't until July 10, two weeks afrer we arrived, that we were able to work even at the prenatal center itself. Oftentimes, we had to get there by ambulance ince rhe people barricading the streets allowed only medical vehicles to circulate without interference. (Every . four to five days, there were periods called •relief" during which businesses opened and people were allowed to run errand .) We met with Dr. Louis Marie Boulos, the director of the prenatal center, who helped us tran late our questionnaire to Creole. We were then introduced to a team of doctors who were anxious to involve us in their dai ly activities. At last, we found ourselves plunging headfirst into our study. Time was against us. By meeting and talking to ome of the workers in the ho pita! and clinic areas, we were able to learn some of the customs of the people. This enabled us to ask que nons of the women in a comfortable manner and to elicit friendly and . ·}tr=: ·~ ~~i EARLYwn-rTER1'1611 coopernttve response . When we were not m the recoveTy room interviewing the mother , we were in the delivery room delivering the babies. This was the highlight of our summer. We each delivered our first baby in a delivery room con1stingof five bed with a bucket nearby. There were no ma ks, no intravenous fluid and very often no ane thesia. Sometime all five bed were occupied and the babies seemed to be com- --"When we were not in the recovery room interviewing mothers, we were in the delivery room delivering babies. This was the high point of our summer.'' ing at intervals of just a fewseconds. All we had time to do was catch them. There wa n't enough time to hesitate or become frightened. On weekend , when the strike was off, we went to the beach, to the mountains, and even to a few clubs. lt was amaz­ ing how many people still went out dancing. It was almost as if afrer being enclosed in the house all week, dancing was the only way to relieve tension. uring our study, we gained insight into the health-care system and political system. First and foremost, we learned BUFFALO PHYSICIAN A1'0 Bl MEDICAL SCIENTIST �23 to adapt to situations which were not conducive to carrying out research in a smooth and uncomplicated manner. We were faced with the reality that our success in the endeavor depend­ ed on the political climate. Spending several days inside the house and being afraid to go out on the balcony for fear of being shot, gave us insight into the impact of political expression. As for health care, we learned that basic protocols in the U.S. are sometimes seen as a luxury co the people of Haiti. For example, in the deli ery room, the only things that were sterile were the glove . We soon be­ came accustomed to walking in the deliv­ ery room wearing our street clothing. The use of lab coats was seen as a way to prevent health pro­ l fessionals from get­ ting soiled with blood. Being exposed to so much blood, we at times wondered about AIDS. We knew from our class­ es that although Hai­ tians in the U.S. are no longer considered a risk group for AIDS, in Hain things are probably different. Once, after seeing a young doctor splashed with blood from a delivery, we asked him his opinjon on the issue. He reassured us that no health professional had ever contracted the disea e in this center. As long a they did not have a cut, they felt safe. Like every other sexually transmitted disease in Haiti, AIDS was most prevalent among the poor, since they cannot afford any protective devices and they live in crowded areas with poor sanitation. Several studies are currently being carried out on this issue by Americans in Haiti. Meanwhile, we wore our gloves and lab coats and kept the issue in the backs of our minds. BUFFALOPHY ICIN-J AND l\lOMEDICALSCIENTIST We became fascinated with the dedication di played by the professionals in Haiti. The obstetricians worked diligent­ ly to ensure uncomplicated deliveries. This type of practice was conducted despite the fact that the women did not pose threats of liability suits. In our study, we concluded that the Haitian women in Cite Soleil value prenatal care as po itive aspects of the pregnancy. However, it became clear that there was little understanding of the medical and physiological implications ---- -- ... w = ;:;' "In our study, we concluded that the Haitian women in Cite Soleil value prenatal care as positive aspects of the pregnancy.'' of prenatal treatment. Although Haitian women were thought to utilize midwives, most of them used physicians because they considered physicians the people best equipped to provide prenatal care. These women's understandfog of the value of prenatal care could be further enhanced if they became more active rather than limiting their participation to the passive role of accepting treatment. We valued our experience in Haiti. Carol would like to visit the country once again when the still-turbulent political ituation settles. Myriam plans to establish a practice in Haiti in the future. • EARL)' WIN'IBR 1988 ��- -- -- - M d1cal ho I 25 SPENCE FANSTHEFLAMES OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH frer a three-year stint as a health scien­ tist administrator at the National In­ stitutes of Health ( IH), Joseph T. Spence, Ph.D., has returned to UB to fil\ the newly created post of associate dean for research and graduate studie in the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. At the ational Heart, Lung and Blood In­ stitute of the IH, pence revic:wed applica­ tions for Specialized Centers for Research. From 1980 to 1985, he was an assistant pro­ fessor of biochemistry at UB. Before that, he was a postdoctoral fellow for three years at the University of Wisconsin. Spen ce received his Ph.D. in nutritional biochemistry from Cornell University in 1977. He received his master's degree in nutri­ tion from Cornell and his bachelor's degree in chemi try from St. Francis College. Spence's job is to coordinate the large research mission of the medical school, said John Naughton, vice president for clinical af­ fairs and dean of the School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at B. romance-minded matchmaker. But instead of Spence works with the institutional review matchmg up people ba ed on whether they board , u·hich review research involving like pina coladas or walks in the rain, Spence humans, and with the Laboratory Animal makes his introductions based on their Care Committee, which re\•iews research research interests. done with animals. To strengthen graduate "The nature of science is changing," ex­ education, Spence is working with basic plained Spence. "It's becoming more mter­ science chairmen and course direccors on disciplinary.• ways to improve coordination among His own research in the regulation of departments. metabolism, especially the metabolism of car­ Spence is also the medical school contact bohydrates and lipids in the liver, is an ex­ for Dale M. Landi, vice president for spon­ ample of the interdisciplinary approach. Even sored programs at UB. though his background is in nutritional ln his new position, Spence is like a biochemistry, his colleagues at UB encour- The job of the new associatedean is to coordinate the large researchmission of the medical school. He wants to match up researcherswho ha e common interests. BUFFALO PHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDICAL "SCIENTIST aged him to try different techniques and he found himself pending 80 per cent of his time doing molecular biology. "If they didn't tell me I could do it, I wouldn't have tried," he aid. Researcher hav to get used to the idea of working with people who are not only out­ side their department, but even outside the Univer icy at hospitals and other institutions. "There's no shortage of talented people out there: he said. "We're all in this together and we have to help each other out~ He said he hopes the faculty will tap his expertise in reviewing grams and in knowing who the best people are to call if trouble arises. u o matter how big a person is in his field, there11 come a time "-'hen he has trouble get­ ting funding," he noted. Spence advises researchers to have more grants pending. Then, if one isn't funded, there's another proposal written up and waiting ro go. Researchers who do this have a less fatalistic attitude about getting gram support, he noted. His aim for graduate education is to get deparrments to work together more than they do. The graduate school at UB is very decen ­ tralized and each department sets its own ad­ mi ions requirements, its own degree re­ quirements, and does its own recruiting, he explained. More could be accomplished if a more •global" approach is taken. Spence emphasized that he's open to ideas from faculty on research or graduate studies . "What can we do to build on our successes and not move sideways?ffhe asks. • EARLY V-lNTIR 1988 �26 NASACALLED AND CHAMBERLIN A SWERED B ELI BE: inda Chamberlin, clinical assi cant pro­ fessor of urology at UB, was leafing through the back pages of Sciencemag· azine one day last winter when an ad caught her eye: •summer Faculty Position in Space Life Sciences Training Program. At NASA Kennedy Space Center:' Chamberlin "had always been interested in space, since Sputnik went off when I wa a kid." She applied and was one of four people chosen to be a project counselor for an in• ten ivc ix-week training program at the Florida space center for college students in­ terested in life sciences, pre-medicine, and bioengineering or related fields. The purpo e of the program, Chamberlin said, is "to devleop an interest in space-related research so that in the future there will be people co carry on chi research when those now in the field rerire.• Thirty-six student from all over the coun­ try had been selected for the program, one of whom was UB's Ashok Patel. Those chosen had to have at least a 3.0 average - "many had 4.0s" - and a science major. A number of the students were "artistically or musically talented" and several, Chamberlin says, "were so mart it was frightening." The daily program schedule was rigorous. Arriving at Kennedy Space Center by bu from a motel 15 miles away, the students and counselors would attend lectures from 9 to noon each morning. Lectures were given by both re.searchers and astronaut and covered such topics as space pharmacology, how to EARLY '1!,1NTERl'!tll.l HEHI LO launch a shuttle, the depletion of the ozone layer, and "team work." Teamwork was included as a lecture topic, she noted, because the tudcntl needed to be competitive to get into the program, but once in, had to work in alliance with others on one of four ASA project . Each of the proJects dealt with some aspect of living in space. After lunch, the tudents would separate into teams of nine to work in the labs on their re earch project . Chamberlin's team was working on CANDS, which stands for "controlled animal nutrient delivery system; or to put it in a somewhat less elaborate terminology, "feeding rat in space." In the past, rat on flights have been pro­ vided with food pellets pre-glued to the sides of their cages and loose whole potatoes (as a water source.) Besides the fact that this feeding system is messy - "you get food par­ ticlts floating all over the place• - there is no way to determine how much food and water the rats are consuming. "Youwant something you can measure~said Chamberlin. "If the rats aren't doing well, is it because they're not getting enough food and water or is it due to microgravity (weight­ lessness)?" Chambcrlin's students tescecla new diet on the rat : a high moisture, "mashed potato-like paste; called KSC25 that would provide a combined food and water source in premeasured packets. The team studied the rats' development on Linda hamb rim, Ph.D K CZS in animal laboratories that were "ex­ tremely high-tech" and complerely sterile. ot only was all the air filtered before it entered the room , but the slightest variation in temperature or humidity er off an alarm system. Furthermore, to maintain sterile con­ dition within the laboratory, the CA OS team had to shed their short and T-shirts before entering and slip into white rayon "bunny suits" - jumpsuits with maoching face masks, hats, and gloves. RUFFALO PHY, ICIA A 'D BIOMEDICAL SCIE msT �Medi al chool 27 MAcouple of times, when the alarm system wem off, we had to hop outside in our white suits into the 90 degree heat and the 99 per cent humidity; Chamberlin said. "Then we stood there, sweltedng, until they fixed the problem: And of course they had to put on fresh suits before then could enter the lab again. ab lasted through the afternoon. Afrer dinne,- there was usually something sched- BUFFALOPHYSICIANANO BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST uled - a meeting, perhaps, or a lecture. Despite the exhausting schedule, Chamberlin says she'd do it again. "It was really exciting; she said. MAndwe also got to see what was going on with Discovery. The day they mated the shuttle to the tanks, we watched on dosed circuit TV in the headquarters building: The pirit of excitement and enthusiasm at NASA surrounding the space shuttle project was infectious. Picking two buttons up off her desk that read "Launchwork is Teamwork," and "America'sTeam is ... Counting Down; Chamberlin said "they're ah,..ays handing out buttons and people actually wear them. We would pin them to our clothes, our bags, everywhere; The most exciting moment of the summer, however,came at I a.m. on the rourrh of July. "They let in the press and all kinds of im­ portant people were there; she noted. Then, as flash cubes exploded in the balmy Florida night, "they rolled out Discovery." • EARLY\VINTER1'!88 �1 dical chool 28 Richard Cai,oli PROJEaFLIES ON SHUTTLE By ARTHUR PAGE UB medical student's experiment that went up in smoke after the space shut­ tle Challenger exploded on takeoff flew again on the space shuttle Discovery. Richard Cavoli's project v.,asone of two stu• dent expriments conducted in space by the Discovery astronauts during their four-day flight. It involves growing lead-iodide cry tals under zero gravity, a technique that could lead to improved film for use in X-rays and astronomy. Cavoli - whose work and dedication were praised by President Reagan in his 1986State of the Union Address one week after the Challenger disaster - is a second-year stu• dent at the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Cavoli said that it was strange to see his project finally launched on Discovery because he had been working on it for so long. He stopped for :i moment to calculate, and real- EI\RLYWINTIR 19811 ized that he's been at it for eight years now. •rm only 24 years old; he exclaimed. "Thar's a third of my life!" He was thrilled that the space program could "get over the hump- after the Challenger disaster. "I'm glad to see the program didn't suffer too much," Cavoli said. He compared the space shuttle to a Model T. "lt's expensive, you have to get outside and turn a crank, and it's not easy finding gas; Cavo i quipped. But getting into orbit willbe a lot ea icr in the future. His project is one of 57 selected to date by the anonal Aeronautics and Space Ad­ ministration for its Shuttle Student Involve• menc program. It was one of three tudent ex­ periments aboard the ill-fated Challenger. Cavoli was in the old Executive Office Building adjacent co the White House, watch­ ing a broadcast of the Challenger launch when the space shuttle blew up only seconds after blast-off on Jan. 28, 1986, killing seven astronauts and plunging the country into a period of mourning. President Reagan planned to single him out as one of four young American "heroes" in his annual State of the Union Address, originally scheduled for that evening. "It was a real bittersweet moment; Cavoli recalled. Like others watching the launch, his initial reaction was a mixture of shock and denial. While he had witnessed one of has dreams literally go up in smoke, Cavoli's immediate concern was not with his experiment. "The first thing that came to mind was that there were people aboard; he said. "I tried to entertain the possibility they were still alive, even though that wasn't realistic:" He also thought about the impact of the disaster on this country's space program. "I was concerned for NASA and how peo­ ple would view exploring space; Cavoli ex- BUFFALOPHYSICIANI\ND Bl MEDICI\L SCIENTIST �-- - - - - 'vfed1al ho l 29 plained. "l was afraid people would think space exploration wa n't worthwhile. I think it is. A lot of problems we have here on Earth can be solved in space.• Within hours of the Challenger accident, Cavoli and the other three young American heroes scheduled to be aluted by Reagan in his annual address met with the President in the Oval Office of the White House. •He was ju t like the rest of us, in shock," Cavoli noted. •He was very somber in the beginning, but he tried to pick things up a bit; for the sake of the four, three of whom were youngsters. Cavoli returned to Washingron a week later to be recognized by the President when he delivered his re•scheduled speech in the House of Representatives. The UB medical student wa the first of the four exemplary young Americans saluted by Reagan in his addre . "Wesee the dream coming true in the spirit of discovery of Richard Cavoli," the President noted. "Allhis life he has been enthralled by the mysteries of medicine and science. Richard, we know that the experiment you began in high school was launched and lost last week. Yet, your dream lives. And as long as it is real, work of noble note will yet be done." ASA approved Cavoli's project for the Shuttle Student Involvement Program in 1982when he was a senior at Marlboro High School in the Hudson Valley region, working with advisor Annette Saturnelli. Some 2,800student proposals were submit• ted to NASA that year as part of the pro­ i:iram,co-~ponsnrt'CIhy th.. Minn:,( Science Teachers Association. Eighteen of the projects have been flown to date by NASA, which is phasing out the program. Cavoli's work has been underwritten by Union College in Schenectady, from which Cavoli graduated in 1987.He perfected the Project and designed and built the plastic chamber it utilizes working with Charles Scaife, professor of chemistry at Union, and a member of the staff of the college's Engineering Machine Lab. Cavoli's project involves growing lead iodide crystals in zero gravity, with the hope that BUFFALOl'HYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST If there are dramatic changes in the way larger, purer crystals can be produced in an cry tal grow in space, Cavoli said he might environment freeof the pull of Earth's gravity. be tempted ro go mto crystallography. lf the He said it is theorized that gravity results changes are subtle, he might not pur ue it. in small eddies - like the whirlpool created He knows he definitely wants to do clinical when water drains from a bathtub - in practice. Maybe he'll find an academic posi­ chemical solutions that impact adversely 011 tion where he can combine research and the quality of crystals grown under even the clinical practice. most advantageous conditions on Earth. "But that's off in the future," he said. • That factor can be eliminated if crystal for­ mation occu in zero gravity The plastic cylinder u ed in the expenment has four chambers. One of the outside chambers contain a lead acetate solution, while the ocher co11tains a solution of potassium iodine. The middle two chambers, separated by a thin membrane, contain warer. ozette ynns, A ,;rudenr in rht>Sri,.nce The asrronauts who perform the experiment and Technology Entry Program {STEP) turn valves permitting the two solutions ro conducted at UB, won $5,000 and a diffuse inro the water, creating a bright yellow Digital Equipment Corporation computer solution that leads to growth of lead iodide worth more than 15,000in a national science crystals on the membrane. By analyzing the crystals and videotapes of contest. Lyons also received a gold medal for her their growth process talcen by the astronauts, scientists will learn whether they are fim-place finish in the biology division of the superior to those grown under the force of National Association for the Advancemenc of Colored People Afro Cultural Technolo­ gravity. Ifthey are, it could be a boon for medicine gical Scientific Olympics (NAACP-ACTSO). The comest was held in Julvin Washington, end astronomy, accordine to Cavoli. D.C. Crystals present in image-intensifying Another tudent in the UB program, screens on special films fluoresce in the Kimberly Emerson, won $500 and a bronze presence of X-ray and gamma radiation, pro• medal for her third-place finish in the ducing the images of internal body organs in chemistry division. Emerson also won a the case of X-rays and of heavenly bodies in the universe in the case of gamma-ray film $1,000 award from STEP for outstanding used in astronomy. Cavoli and Scaife work in chemistry during the academic year. Both students are 1988 graduates of City peculate that larger, purer crystals in the film screens would fluoresce more in the presence Honors High School in Buffalo and have begun studies at Cornell University. of radiation, producing more detailed Digital Equipment Corporation donated pictures. If the experiment proves that larger, purer $1,000to the local ACfSO chapter to con­ lead iodide crystals can be grown in space, tinue its program. The UB School of Medicine and Biomed­ Cavoli explained, "it will be trong evidence conducts academic ical Sciences, under STEP. that we can use the method to improve on other similar crystals• that are used in X-ray year and summer programs in medical science research for student in grades IO to 12. and other special films. STEP is designed ro provide research ex­ In the case of medicine, the experiment perience; academic cour es in physiology, could lead to improved X-rays utilizing lower biochemistry, and embryology; tutoring; doses of radiation. In astronomy, it could Scholastic Aptitude Test review ; work with mean an ability to capture on film stars and other heavenly bodies in the far reaches of computers, and counseling for minorities and the universe that to date have not been cap­ the disadvantaged. It's funded through the ew York State Education Department. • tured on film. STUDENTS STEPUP TOSCIENCE PRIZES EARLYWll-,'TER1<188 �Alumni Reunwn Ma, 6, J9d9 30 Class of 1949 Let us hal•e 100 per cent auendance for our 50th cla.ssreunion. l promisea weekend of fun and mniniscence. Dr. Kenneth Gold.stem Hope co see you at the reunion! Dr. James R. Sullfoan Greetings - Let us all TMke an effort 10 get cogecher /or Ol(r '10th Tl'll.nion. Dr. Carmelo S. Armenia I 954 was a vintage year. Come ue if yo11r classmates,like goodwine, improoed01.tertime. Hope to see you at our 35th reunion. Dr. ichcilasC. Carosella. Dr. Edward A. Rayhill Make our 30th reunion a real pearl by being there. Plan now co reseTl>e the weekend of May 6, 1989, so we can renew old friendships. Dr. GeorgeR. Baeumler Dr. Joseph F. Monte EARLYV.'INTER1988 BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND SIOMEDIO\L SCIENTIST �Alumni Reunion Ma o, 1989 31 Class of 1984 We traveled Life's path togetherfor a meaningful period.A quarter of a cen• CUT)' ficcmglyis the time co renew our bonds of col­ legiality and friendship. Please plancoreturnfor our reunion the weekena of May 6, 1989. Dr. Maroin Z. Kurian We promise you an entire fun-filled weekend! Come on backcoyourJOOts for the reunion and show '\lour family where it all s~rted 20 years ago. Dr. Hanley M. Horwit~ Lookingforu1ardto seeing everyoneat our 15th Reu­ nion. We're planning anotherbus tol/.T of the lxm of Buffalo. Please mark your calendar for the weekendof May 6, 1989. Dr. James A. Smith Thomas Wolfewrote,You Can't Go Home Again. Help prol,e him wrongand join u.s for our 10th-year reunion.Come marvel at the changes your former home has experienced. Dr. Frank T Schreck We hat.-ea terrificprogram scheduledro include reac­ quainting you with the many changes at the Uni11=ity and the Ciryof 811,ffalo. We are hapingfor a strong turnout. Dr. Gerald D. Stinziano Dr. PaulH. Wierzbieniec Comeon back to our 10th reumon and see your old BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST friends, reminisce, and parry. Dr. PeterE. Shields I'm lookingfurwardID shar­ inga Jewmemories,laughs and bernwith )'(IU in Ma" 1989. • ., Dr. John F. Noe Cla.ssmates, five yearsha11e passed already. Won't you pleruereservech£weekend of May 5-7, 1989 to reminisce with some old Jn·enas! Hope co see you there! Dr. Dat•id F. Pfalier EAAD"WINTER1988 �Alumni 32 ALUMNIDIREOORY epresentatives of H arris Publishing Co., Inc. are telephoning alumnae and alumni to verify their biographical information for the UB Medical Alumni Association Directory. Information to be verified includes current name, academic data, home address, and phone number (if applicable). The directory willsort the data by name, by class year, and by geographical location. Also included will be special messages from the dean and the Alumni Association, as well as photos and information on the school. Soon, locating fellow alumnae and alum­ ni will be as easy as turning a page in the directory. You may reserve your personal copy when your Harri rep phones, but don't delay. This will be your only opportunity to order this comprehensive new directory. • PLEDGE UPDATE he final numbers are in and the reunion classes of the UB medical school have pledged $159,563 to the University! Here's how it breaks down by class: 1938 .. . . . . . . $5,750 14,060 1943 7,250 1948 11,933 1953 78,590 1958 12,675 1963 9,955 1968 13,250 1973 1978 . . . . . . ' . 5,375 725 1983 • I • • • I • • ,. • I • II- • • ■ • • • I • • • • • • • • ■ I I • • t • • I I ■ I • • • • I • • • EARLY WINTIR l'168 • I • Above: San Frmc1sco, American College of Surgeons, October 198i. Las Vegaswill be che site of a recepuon during the February 1989 meetmg of t he Amem:an Academy of Or( hopaedic Surgeom . 0 Right: Anaheim, American Heart A550Ciation, November 1987 t I • I A recepnon was also held m San Francisco during t he October 1988 meeting of the A merican Society of Anesthesiology. • t f I • I A rccepuo n will also be held m Anahe,m du rmg the March 1989 meet ing of rhe American College of Cardiology. ALUMNIFETED AT RECEPTIONS uffalo is where the school is, but our alumni are scattered to the four winds. To reach its members, the Alumni Association holds receptions across the coun­ try in concert with national medical meetings. It's a time to see old friends and hear about what's new in Buffalo. Most of all, it shows the school's appreciation for alumni support. BUFFALOPHYSICIAN AND BI MEDICAL SCIENTIST �Aumm 33 A reception was held during cheOctober 1988 meeting of the Ameru:an College of Surgeons in Chicago. 0 Left: Atlanta, American Academy of A Orthopaedic urgeon , 't,,,,11February 19 . BUFFAID rHYSICIAN AND SIOMEDlCAL SCIENTIST EARLY WINTER 1988 �P, opl & E enrs EVEN1'S . .................. Robert H. Se lle r, M.D. , has returned from a 1x-momh . abbatical as a visiting professor at Guy Hospital and Medical hoot in Lon­ don, England. A professor of family medicine and medicine at UB, Seller did research com­ paring cost-effective diagnosis of common medical complaints in the U.S. and Great Britain. He also studied po t-graduate educa­ tion in family medicine m Great Britain, Israel, the etherlands, and Denmark under a fellow htp from the 'lbrld Health Organization. • number of continuing medical education cour es are cheduled for 19 9. All are AMA- and AAFP-accredited.The fee for each i $275 for physicians and $155 for other health professionals. Marc h 17-19 • The Clearwater Beach a­ tional Conference on Pediatrics will be held from March 17-19 in the Holiday Inn Sur f Side, Clearwater, Ra. The sponsor is the emour Children's Clinic in Jacksonville, Aa. fur more information, contact Dr. Elliot F.Ellis, P.O.Box 5720,Jacksonville, Ra. 33247, or call (904) 390-3676. Virginia E. Robert on and Ann e G. Riz. zo, third-year medical rudents, and baron L. Ziegl e r, a fourth-year medical rudent, won first place in the Amencan Academy of Family Phy icians' 1988Student Communi­ ty Outreach Award competinon for their pro­ ject, an amt-smoking slide show that was presented to junior high school student . Carlo de Luna, a third-year student, won the runner-up prize m the 1988 Health Research Trammg Program of the e.,. York City Department of Health. Hi report was called "Development of a Computerized Reportable Di ease Surveillance System in New York City~ • D ana G . Wagle , M .D ., clinical a sistant professor in urology, has been named pre·ident•elect of the New York Scace rological Society. The director of the St. Joseph lntercommunity Hospital rodynam­ ics Clmic and Urology Section, Wagle is a past president of the medical staff and the Buffalo Urological Society. • Leon E. Farhi, M.D ., professor and chair­ man of physiology at B, participated in the Consensus Development Conference on Perioperative Red Cell Transfusion held at the ational Institutes of Health in June. The conference discussed problems related to blood transfu ions. • An article written by Venkataraman Batu, M.D ., a clinical associate professor in the UB Medical S hool, has been published in the Te.uu Heart Jwrnal, volume 15, No. 1 The article is titled •t.ong:ferm Survival of Patients with Poor Ejection Fraction; Sutiical versus Med ical Management." • EARLYll'INTER I . Diane Jaeger and Carlos Ruiz, both UB medical students, were among a dozen medical student from aero s the nation who attended the first Betty furd Center Med i al Student Professional -in-Residence Summer School m June . • Allan D . Depew , M.D ., chairman of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Men:y Hospital and clinical assistant professor at UB, has been elected president of the New York State Society of Orthopaedic Surgeons. • Ca rter Pannill, M.D ., attending in medicine at Erie County Medical Center, received the White Coat Award from the resident in medicine of UB in recognition of h1 outstanding teaching. • Harry A. Sultz , D.D .S., M.P.H., professor of social and preventive medicine, addressed the First World Congress on Allied Health in Elsinore, Denmark, in June. He poke on the role of health services research in solving the problems of access to quality care. Sultz directs the Healch Services Research Program of the Schoo l of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at UB. He is the former dean of the School of Health Related Professions here. • April 14-16 • UB's Department of Pediatrics ts ponsoring the inth ational Conference on Pediatric Lung Diseases to be held April 14-16m the Tradewinds, St. Petersburg Beach, Ra. fur more information, contact Dr. Ian athanson, 219 Bryant St., Buffalo, .Y. 14222, or call (716) 878-7561. June 9-11 • T he Amelia Island ationa l Conference on Family Practice will be held June 9-11 in the Amelia Island Plantation, Amelia I land, Fla. The ponsor is the emour Children's Clinic tn Jacksonville, Ra . fur more information, contact Dr. Elliot F.Elli.~,P.O.Box 5720, Jacksonville, Fla. 33247, or call (904) 390-3676. July 21-23 • UB's Department of Medicine is spo nsoring the 12th National Conferen e on Pediatric/Adu lt Alle!l:Y and Clinical Im• muno logy to be held July 21-23 in the fuur Seasons Hotel, Toronto, Onta rio. fur mo re information, contact Dr. Elliott Midd leto n , Jr., 100 High St., Buffalo, .Y.14203, or call (716) 845-2985. Augu t 4-6 • The Cape Cod Co nference on Pediatrics will be held Aug. '1-6 in the Tara Hyannis Hotel, Cape Cod, Mass. lt is spon ­ sored by the emours Children' Clinic in Jacksonville, Ra. fur more information, con• tact Dr. Elhot F.Ellis, ID. Bax5720, Jackson­ ville, Ra . 33247, or call (904) 390-3676. • BUFFALOPHY' ICIAN 1\,-D BIOMEDI I\L IENTIST �, :o~p,cal et 35 CHILDREN'S GETS $1.2 MILLION GRANT espiratory Syncyrial Viru (RSV), one of the most common respiratory tract infecrions in infant , willbe the subject of a $1.2 million grant at the Infectious Diseases Divi ion of Children's Hospital. RSV is a viral infection affecting millions of children world-wide, many of them under the age of two. Each year, 100to 150children are admitted to Children's Hospital with RSV "The National Institute of Allergy and In­ fectious Diseases grant will provide research funding through 19Q3;said Pearay L. Ogra, M.D., chief of the Divi ion of Infectious Diseases at Children's. Ogra is professor of mkrobiology and pediatTics at UB. •For the next five years, we will be looking to unde~tand what k.ind of lung disease RSV Produces, what are the best ways to immunize and treat RSV-induced disease and whether RSV infection increases allergic sensitivity to agencs - such as ragweed or pollen - par• ticularl y in allergy-prone patients." Symptoms of the infection include fever, wheezing, inflammation of mucous mem­ branes and watery eyes. The acute infection can last 7 to JOdays. RS can produce bron­ ~hiolitis, a severe lung infection, or croup, an inflammation of the larynx and upper airway. "Preemies have a high race of severe RSV infection: Ogra noted. "Westill don't know why RSV is more severe in children than adults.Working with Ogra are Howard S. Faden, M.D., professor of pediatrics at UB; Robert C. Welliver, M.D., professor of pediatrics at UB; Cindy Shuff, R.N., and several postdoc­ toral fellows. . Blood and throat samples &om RSV pa­ tients will play an important role in the research to develop an oral vaccine possibly composed of proteins &om the virus. "An oral vaccine may be more effective ag.ainst RSV than an injectable one; Ogra said. "Lymphoid tissue in the intestine has a tremendous capacity to produce immunity in th e lung and genital tract." While key answers to preventing RSV in- BlJFFhl.O PHYSICIA AND B!OMEOJCl\l SCIENTIST STEWART HEADS FLOW CYTOMETRY fection remain, Ogra 1scautiou ly optimistic. "We'reclose to under randing the nature of rh1sdisease,"he said. "Whether we willbe the ones to find the vaccine or whether our work will be a stepping stone in that direction is a matter of probabilities." • arleton C. Stewart, Ph.D., a noted immunologist and flow cytometry expert, has been named director of Roswell Park Memorial lnstitute's newly established Flow Cytometry Facility. Flow cycometry is a "high-tech" method of diagnosing and monitoring the progress of cancer. Roswell Park's facility will provide researchers ~'ith advanced capabilities for rapidly identifying normal and cancer cells I? and sorting them for diagnostic and func­ j;l tional purposes. The devices used have a level of sensinvity not available before and can 6nd ~ rare cells that may be cancerous and indicate ~ rhe pread of disease. Stewart comes to Roswell Park after seven A new three, torv research building 15 years at the LosAlamos arional Laboratory under cons1ruc1ion at the Vet<'rctnsAd mini.nration M d1cal Cenrer. rt•~part 01 in New Mexico, the last three years as chief 16.5 million e:cpansion project. of the experimenral pathology group, which has the mo t advanced flow cytometry laboratory in the world. He also had been an adjunct profcswr of pathology at the Univer­ sity of New Mexico School of Medicine since i VACONSTRUalNG RESEARCH BUILDING onstruction is under way on a $16.5 million expansion project at the Buf­ falo Veterans Admim tration Medical Center that includes a new three-story research building. The new building should be done in about a year. A covered corridor will connect the new building to the far end of the first-floor C Wing of the main building. The researchers on the 10th and 11thfloor of the main building will move to the new building, ~tarting a series of"domino" moves that will eventually see a number of new clinics becoming available in the Outpatient Department where space is needed badly. The money, &om the National Institutes of Health and the VA, will also pay for refur­ bishing the research facilities in the main building. The moral of this story might be that good things come to those who wait - the medical center has sought this funding since 1974. • 1982. • NEWREHAB CENTER OPENS IN AMHERST uffalo General Hospital has built an outpatient rehabilitation medicine and cardiac rehabilitation center on Bailey Avenue near Maple Rd. in the Town of Amherst. Called the Amher. c-General Rehab and Cardiac Center, it is an extension of the ser­ vices now offered at the hospital in its Rehabilitation Medicine Department and Cardiovascular Life Sciences Program. Outpatient servicesoffered at the center in­ clude physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language therapy, a return-to-work program, and medical rehabilitation. The center will accept only patients referred by a physician. • EARLYW!NTI:R1988 �Clas n te 36 Will iam J. Cunningham (M'69 ) • was named as istam vice president of Hoffmann-La Roche, lnc. and director of Clinical Research for the com• pany's new Dermatology Divi­ sion. ln his new position, Dr. Cunningham is responsible for strategic planning and clinical research and development, as well as registration and professional services activities related to der­ matologic products. Clara Unra t h-Zick (M ' 25 ) • would like to hear from members of her class. Dr. Zick's address is RD 8, Box 8062 Plotts Road Newton, N.J. 07860. ' Arthur W. Strom (M'32) • was elected laureate by the Michigan Chapter of the American College of Physician . Dr. Strom's winter adress is 2900 Gulf Shore Boulevard N., Naples, Aa. 33940. Samuel R. Patt i (M'34) • of Duokirk, N.Y.inform us that he retired in 1986. Maurice B. Furlong (M 'J5) • is medical director of Rehabilita­ tioo and Child Assessment Ser• vice at WCA Hospital in James­ town, .Y. T James A . Curtin (M'5 0) • is serving as chairman of the Board of Governors of the American College of Physicians for 1988.Dr. Curtin is chairman of the Depart• ment of Medicine at Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C. John . Parker (M ' 57) • is president of diagnostic asoociates Theodore W. Koss (M ' 41) • of in Latrobe, Pa. Dr. Parker was ap­ pointed an alternate delegate co Smithville, Tenn. i "eojoying the June meeting of the AMA. retirement and evading malprac­ tice insurance." James R. Do yle (M'59) • is an Frank L. Tabrah (M'43) • of anesthesiolog1st with Healthcare Honolulu, Hawaii, is professor of Medical Center in Tustin, Calif. Commuoity Health at the niversity of Hawaii, School of Mcdicne; 3S50Ciatemedical direc­ tor of the Straub Clinic and Hospital, and research 3S50Ciateat the Cancer Research Center of Hawaii. Dr. Tabrah is editor of Medical Manual for the Pacific Islands, econd edition, 1988. William F. Kneer (M'46 ) • of Grand Mand, N.Y., has retired after 38 years of active private practice in ob/gyn at DeGraff Memorial and Kenmore Mercy Hospitals. EARLYWINTER19118 Jeremy Col e (M'73) • of orrh­ ridge, Calif., passed his sub pecial­ ty boards in critical care medicine and is now triple board certified - pulmonary-internal medicine and critical care. Or. Cole is an assistant clinical professor of pulmonary di ease at UCLA. Ral ph R. Hallac (M '7 3) • is now associate chief of nephrology and chief of medical intensive care at Englewood Hospital in Englewood, N.J. Dr. Hallac and his wife Betsyhave three children: David, IS;Jamie, 12, and Steven, 7. Jo hn Claude Kru sz: (M'8 3) • has a private practice in neurology at Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas. Rob ert . Sch ni tzler (M'65 ) • is clinical professor of mL'<licineat the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, and is continuing as presi­ dent of the Cardiovascular In­ stitute for Continuing Medical Education and Research. Dr. Schnitzler serves on several na­ rional com mitrees and is currently chairman of the Subcommittee on Pacemakers. John G. Oyster (M'84) • is a partner in Dy ter and Oyster Family Phy icians and ass1Stant director of Family Medicine Residency at Memorial Medical Center, Niagara Falls, N.Y. Jeffrey G. Straus (M'84 ) • writes, •J authored an article en• ritled, 'A New &trobulbar Nee­ dle and Injection Technique; pub­ lished in the February 1988issue of OphlhalmicSuliery- The instru­ ment and method have been patented and will be marketed soon. l was an instructor at the 1988Annual Symposium of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. The meeting was held in Los Angeles and the course was entitled 'Safer Eye Blocks Peribulbar, Retrobulbar, and Improvement: I have been accepted for a fellowship in Anterior egment Ophthalmic Surgery at the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital:' Lisa Strano-Paul (M'87) • re­ ceived the Carroll L Birch Award, the first prize in the AMWA national essay contest, for her honors thesis called "The Pathophysiology of Beta Thalassemia in Mice with Emphasis on Iron Deposition." Frank A. Luzi(M'88 ) • married Lori Guttuso (M'88 ) in April. BUFFALOPHYSICIANA D BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �LET US HEAR FROM YOU LET US HEAR FROM YOU I want cokeep in touch with my classmates. Here is my news for the Classnotessection. I want co keep in touch with my classmates. Here is my news for the Classnotessection. Name Name Addn:ss Addn: Ci11, Stan,, Zip I I I Telephone l)qrtt/Ycar Pr.iuon or m le Other PfOllram/Ycar Comp~1cd Other PfOllram/ YearCompleted D,grcc/Yc~r PosiI ion ln1<it u1ion Telephone City, S1~••• Zip oT ti t lt- lmmution New,: Ncwa: I I I I • .., . , ' ' ' . '' , . • I 'I , , I I If '. ' ' I I I �Buffalo Physician&. State Unlversily of Ne 3435 Main Street a o, New York ~42 MEDICALHI TORJCALLIB. Kl~SALL TOWER, Sf. IALS DEPT M,AJN ST. CA r:>us RLIFFALO NY 14?14 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo physician and biomedical scientist, Early Winter 1988 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. 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Docs for Jocks A controversial alumnus Artificial blood Self-study Political violence Medical School News Alumni People and Events Hospital News Classnotes Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-31 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v22n04 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. New York (State) -- Buffalo Is Format Of A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format. Journals and magazines (periodicals) Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1988 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/eb8c86dd30c4eb8efff8ab4e790bb275.pdf 58a0aba09f5017d0236e7205b69b4273 PDF Text Text Vol. 22, No. 2 SUMMER 1988 COLD,.BLOODm MURDER Or was it? Psychiatristsdisagree. �Dear Alumni, Alumnae , and Friends: BUFFALD PtJX§J~~ STAFF EXEClJllVE EDllDR UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS Robert T. Marle1t BUFFALO PHYSICIAN EDllDR Conni, O,,wald S,ofko AITT DIRECTOR Alan J. Kegler ADVISORYBOARD Dr. John Naughton, Chairman Dr. Harold Brody Ms. Nancy Glicco Dr. James Kansk1 Dr. Charles Paganelli Mr. Raymond Paohm Dr. Antoinette Pe,ers Dr. Charles Prue, Dr. Lu,her Robinson Dr. Thomas Rosenthal Dr. Saleela Suresh Dr. Burton Singerman Dr. Stephen Spaulding Dr. Ndson Torre Mr. Edward Wenzke Dr. Paul Wierzbi,n1ec Dr. Jerome Yates A unique program was held for all first-year residents in Buffalo by the Graduate Deneal and Medical Education Consortium of Buffalo. The program direc· tors have developed a one-week educational orientation pro· gram designed to prepare each resident with training in Ad· vanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), preparation for using proper teaching skills, understanding the issues of stress and coping, and several ocher areas that are of concern co brand new physicians as they accept the responsibilities associated with residency training. This week-long event is unique because it adds a week co the usual 52-week experience and it represents a coordinated effort sponsored by all of the residency training programs in the Consortium. In other words, it represents a core curricular experience as opposed to the usually provided vertical training experience by discipline. We plan to repeat chis effort on an annual basis and it could serve as a model for other universities around the country. We are heartened by che idea and the enthusiasm of the faculty who will be instrumental in the program. I am convinced chat chis activity represents another piece of evidence chat the medical school in Buffalo is both maturing and accepting its proper leader• ship role among the medical schools in New York Scace and the United States. Sincerely, John Naughton, M.D. Vice Pre5idencfor Clinical Affairs Dean, School of Medicine and BiomedicalScienm W RIT ERS Lisa Josephson Edwin M1rand Mary Beth Spina ILLUSTRATORS Barry Fmgerald Glynis Sweeny Dan Zakroczemsk1 PHOTOGRAPHERS Doug Levere Ed Nowak Ian Rcdinbaugh Simon Tong TEA C HING HOSPITALS Batavta Veterans Administration Medical Center Buffalo General Buffalo Veterans Administration Medical Center Children's Eric County Medical Center Mercy Millard Fillmore Roswell Park Memorial Institute Sisters of Chamy Produ,::,d lry tht D1u.11onof Um,=,ry Rtlation., in a.s.socuuionU-1th ,ht School of Mtd,cmc, S111re Umoro11)' of N= York at Buffalo. THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDJCAL SC IENTIST CUSPS 551-860) Summer l9S8, Volume 22, Number 2. Published fi,.., rimes annually: LatoWinter, Spring, Summer, Aurumn, and Early Winter - by the School of Medicine, Stace Umvcrmy of New York ar Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14214. Third class bulk posragc paid ac Buffalo, New York. Send address changes 10 THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST, 146 C.F.S. Addition, 3435Mam Scrccr, Buffalo, New York 14214. Cove r Illustration: Dan ZakroqtTJUki Dear Fellow Alumni: T his year's Spring Clinical Day, again as years before, was a rousing success. The reunion classes met at che scientific program, and heard Dr. Robert Gale deliver the Stockton Kimball lecture detailing a firsthand accounting of the dangers of nuclear energy. This year we will make every effort co continue all the pro· grams that the Alumni Association has previously sponsored. A new program is the hosting program, where senior medical students are the guests of an alumnus at his house during che time that they are caking an interview. This program is new and we'd appreciate anyone who can put a student up for a night while he is taking an interview in another city co participate. Please do not hesitate co contact myself or Dr. Jack Richert at the School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. This year we will sponsor a University Consortium Residency Social Event as the new residents come to Buffalo. We also sponsored a welcoming party for the new medical students at the Medical School. If anyone has any further ideas as co what the Medical Alumni can do for the school or their members, do not hesitate co contact me. Sincerely, Paul H. Wien ;bieniec , M.D. �Summer 1988 Vol. 22, No. 2 2 Murder. Psychiatric experts who testified for opposing sides debate the "insanity defense." 8 Sprin g Clinical Da y. "Today's challenges in medicine" - breast cancer, AIDS, and myocardial infarction - were discussed at the annual event sponsored by the Medical Alumni Association. Robert Gale, M.D., who led an American medical team to treat victims of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, was the main speaker. 12 Alumni Speak. Distinguished graduates revisited UB to deliver lecPage 18 tures: Franklyn G. Knox, dean of the Mayo Medical School, talked about funding for the National Institutes of Health; Alfred Spring Evans, director of the World Health Organization's Serum Reference Banik, discussed the Epstein-Barr virus, and Bertrand M. Bell, author of the so-called Bell Commission Report, defended the proposal to limit residents' hours. Departments 18 People . In his latest book, Louis Bakay offers a fascinating compilation of information on some of history's most interesting and influential surgeons. Page 14 25 Research. Divers take a simulated plunge to find ways to make diving safer. 26 Hos pital Ne w s. Here's a look at the man for whom Roswell Park Memorial Institute was named. The first cancer research center in the world, it celebrates its 90th anniversary this year. 36 Medical School N ews. Most UB students got the residencies they wanted on Match Day. Page8 JUL2 8 1988 �MURDER cOIJMILOODED , Or was it? Psychiatristsdisagree. ■ y co••·· OSWALD STOfKO of a $2,000 ames F. Bradley, 63, had paid off most Sitting in IRS debt, but still owed about $450. lDillon, an IRS Bradley'sCheektowagakitchen, Michae umentsallowing agent, was pressingBradley to signdoc rsto cover the the government to seize one of his two ca rest of the debt. came back Bradleywent upstairs,got his M,1 rifle, ke a good Act to the kitchen, and told the agent to ma n three times in of Contrition. Bradley then shot Dillo ain in the head. the torso,felt for a pulse,and shot him ag g, both the That's what happened in the 1983 killin t they disagreed ha d.W ee gr sea fen de the d an on uti ec os pr found not guilty by on was whether Bradley should be reason of insanity. o testified Brian Joseph, M.D., the psychiatrist wh severeparanoid for the defense,states that Bradleyhada mea concretiza, personalitydisorder.The IRSagent beca adley could do tion of Bradley'slifetime of fears, and Br nothing else but shoot the man . ution,stated Syed A. Farooq,testifyingfor the prosec who knew right that Bradleywas a mentally healthy man into his own from wrong, but decided to take the law hands. by reason Should Bradleyhave been found not guilty ing a continuing of insanity?The case was discusseddur entof Psychiatry educationpresentationof UB's Departm this spring. J �3 Bradley felt that his home was his fortress; he would kill to protect his wife and home, psychiatrists say. BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �4 Brian Joseph, a clinical assistant pro• fessor in the Department of Psychiatry and a clinical associate professor in the School of Health Related Professions ac UB, says yes, Bradley is not guilty. Bradley had a difficulc youth, Joseph said. His mother died the day before his sixth birthday. He and his brothers were cared for by an aunt, then moved to an orphanage, then to foster care. One brother eventually committed suicide and another died under unclear circumstances. Though he was an intellectual and a member of Mensa, on many occasions he displayed deranged behavior, the psychiatrist said. Bradley would seem normal and pleasant on an initial meeting, but he couldn't sustain an interpersonal relationship, Joseph said. He overresponded to real or imagined slights. He was relentless in his pursuit of the redress of any injustice, almost on a daily basis. "These weren't j~st normal tendencies" Joseph said. "This was excessive, exa~gerated suspiciousness of all activities all of the time." Like the character in the novel Catch 22, Bradley constantly volunteered for dangerous assignments during his military service in World War ll, alchough he never received chem. He lacer exaggerated his war stories and even people close to him thought he had seen action. The M-1 rifle he used in the shooting was not from his military ser• vice, but purchased by Bradley in the 1960s, Joseph said. When Bradley was discha rged in 1944, the Army psychiatrist said there was a marked possibility he might become SUMMER 1988 psychotic. Bradley claimed he was never separated from the military! He probably tried to commit suicide in 1971 when he drove his car in front of a train, but was uninjured, Joseph said. He invited his wife to enter a suicide pact with him in the mid-1970s, but she demurred. Planning to volunteer for the Nixon presidential campaign, he walked into campaign headqua rters wearing army fatigues and was turned down. He jumped from job to job. Between 1946 and 1981,he held 41 jobs, including those of teacher, mental health aide, and postal worker. Bradley worked for the IRS in Virginia. One day he picked up and left for Buffalo without telling his employers, Joseph said. He was fired and Bradley claimed that a "punitive audit" was started. Bradley kept a journal which revealed that he thought he was omniscient. He rarely mentioned friends in his writings, and he intellectualized co conceal his feelings, Joseph said. "He has an explanation for everything," Joseph said. "Everything can be rationalized." The reason he left the army, Bradley rationalized, was that someone was doing something to him. Bradley volunteered for Meals on Wheels, but dropped out because he felt they short• changed him on his travel allowance, the psychiatrist said. He wrote numerous, vague letters to public officials, including U.S. presidents. Bradley began rambling that he didn't understand why Dillon wouldn't leave him alone, Joseph said. He felc there was a plot against him by the IRS and decided that Dillon was a domestic enemy of the United States. Referring to the Goetz case where a Bradley would seem normal and pleasant on an initial meeting, but he couldn't sustain an interpersonal relationship. He overrespondedto real or imagined slights. "These . weren't 1ust normal tendencies'' Joseph said. ) TIS continued on page6. BUFFAID PHYSI CIAN AND BIOMEDIC AL SCIENTIST �5 No Syed A. Farooq, a clin ical assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry and in the Department of Family Medicine ac UB, says Bradley should not have been found not guilty by reason of insanity. The question is not whether Bradley had a mental illness, Farooq said. The real question is whether he meets the criteria set up by law: whether he has a substantial degree of mental disease or mental defect that takes away his ability to know and appreciate the consequences of his actions. Farooq disagrees with Joseph on the severity of Bradley's condition. "ln the Bradley case, my interpretation was that he didn't have a substantial degree of mental disease:' Farooq emphasized. A videotape d interview with Bradley, conducted by Farooq, speaks for itself, the psychiatrist said. Portions of the interview were shown during the trial. (Several universities and federal departments, including the FBI and IRS, are now using the videotape to teach forensic psychiatry, Farooq noted.) "If you look at the tape in its entirety, there's no question of his guile or innocence," Farooq said. Bradley had some paranoid thoughts, but so do a lot of people, Farooq said. If a woman is afraid to go out alone after sunset, we may call her paranoid, but she may be realistic. "Paranoia is very common in society; Farooq said. "If you look at the Victorian era, ic was very common for ladies to pass out . Hysteria was the order of the day. That has been replaced in the '70s and '80s by paranoia. People are paranoid BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST about the government - maybe for justifiable reasons." After the shooting, IRS agents protested that their local supervisor went overboard by setting quotas on how much money each had to bring in by the end of the week. Bradley had agreed to pay, but disputed the schedule of payments, Farooq pointed out. One test for substantial mental disease is to see if the person functioned normally in society, and Farooq concluded that Bradley did. Bradley came from a very humble background. He grew up in an orphanage, educated himself, and received a master's degree at a time when having even a few years of college education was rare. He served his country in World War II. You've goc co give the man credit for volunteering for dangerous missions, even if he wasn't chosen, Farooq said. Bradley probably was passed over for dangerous assignments because he and his younger brother were the only living members of the family, and the military excused soldiers in such circumstances. Bradley probably could have been excused from the draft if he had wanted but pa id his dues to his country. ' Bradley later bragged to friends and relatives about these war exploits that never occu rred. But this exaggeration isn't out of the ordinary, the psychiatrist noted. "Talk to any veteran and you11see that everyone paints himself as a hero,"Farooq said. "People minimize their failures and glorify their successes. That's not abnormal. We all do that." Bradley raised two successful children. His son is a Harvard Law School graduate and his daughter is a Ph.D. The man was law-abiding to a fault, Syed A. Farooq "In the Bradley case, my interpretation was that he didn't have a substantial degree of mental disease," Farooq emphasized. A videotaped interview with Bradley, conducted by Farooq,speaks for itself, the psychiatrist said. NO conunuedon page 6. SUMMER !<188 �6 TIS ....... . . . . . ... .. .... . subway rider shot several teens he said were going to mug him, Bradley remarked, "For every one person mugged on the subway, hundreds are mugged by the IRS for as little as $30." "This man got fan mail in jail~ Joseph noted. In a videotaped interview conducted by Farooq, Bradley said he would kill to protect his wife and home. "To my way of thinking, I did nothing wrong but protect against a domestic enemy;' he stated calmly on the videotape. "Bradley had a paranoid personality disorder," Joseph explained. "This man was afraid all of his life. He was projecting his fears on something external." When Dillon came into his home and threatened to confiscate his possessions, "For the first time, the fear came inside. "Try to imagine that snakes terrorize you,"Joseph explained. "Youlive in dread of them every day of your life. One day, you find one in the kitchen. You don't panic; you've trained for this moment for 60 years. You get the rifle you've had for 25 years and destroy all of your fears. "Bradley couldn't do anything else because he was faced with the concrerization of his fears." NO . . . ..... ... .... .. ..... With his college education and status as a veteran, Bradley could have had any job he wanted, but underachieved, in Farooq's view. Bradley viewed his house as his fortress. When Dillon came to see him, he felt he was under attack. He knew he was breaking the law by shooting Dillon, and he knew Dillon would die. But Bradley felt justified in his actions, Farooq explained. "Probably his adjustment was not the most ideal, but that's the most I'd be willing to say," he said. "I would not even be willing to pin down a diagnosis. "There was a neurotic factor. But chat neuroticism chat made him change jobs, that made him underachieve, does not make him psychotic; does not make him mentally sick to the point chat he did not understand what he was doing." Farooq contends that the real issue in this case was the "heavy-handed tactics of the IRS." That case was never presented, Farooq said, although Terrence M. Connors, the defense attorney, disagrees. "The IRS has become the internal Gestapo in this country," Farooq said. "I felt very sympathetic to Mr. Bradley and Mr. Dillon. I feel both of them were victims. "Mr. Bradley himself was very unhappy • he was branded as mentally ill." THE Decision Bradley was initially charged with murder in the second degree (murder in the first degree involves killing a police officer,but the charge is essentially the same). The penalty is 15 years to life in prison. Bradley was found guilty of a lesser charge of • manslaughterand got a prison sentence of 6 to 20 years. He could be paroled in the fall of 1989, . Joseph noted. • Farooq said. If he were co categorize Bradley, Farooq would call him obsessive-compulsive. "Sure, there were some oddities in his behavior, but nobody's perfect," Farooq stated. "If he changed jobs frequently, does that give him a free ticket to kill anybody?" A lot of intelligent people, such as business executives, change jobs frequently, Farooq added. SUMMER19<!8 BUFFALOPHYSICIA.'-AND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �7 Joseph has testified in 13 jury trials and has done hundreds of evaluations of one sort or another. Farooq has testified extensively and worked as a consultant in the legal those as justification for why the person system. When testifying, Farooq prides shouldn't be held accountable for his ac- himself on using ordinary language. "1see my role as helping juries undertions. Others, like Farooq, interpret the law. They ask whether this person knew stand the issues involved," he said. 1 try the nature and consequences of his ac- to talk in language people can undertions or whether he had a big break with stand. Judges have remarked to me, 'You're the first one whose reasoning and reality. rationale I could follow? e's a philosophical difference, Farooq "And you've got co realize that the peoexplained. Some try to fit psychiatric ple who decide if rhe accused is guilty or dogma on the circumstances while not guilty are the jury. By definition others, like himself, try to interpret the they're lay people." statutes. Since the statutes talk about Psychiatrists are paid for their time as significant mental illness, Farooq expert witnesses, but that doesn't mean understands that to rule out minor they'll say anything the client wants. degrees of mental illness. When approached by an attorney, There are very few people who are real- Farooq says he makes it clear that the atly entitled to plead not guilty by reason torney may not like his findings. of insanity as the statutes are written. It's Sometimes the defense attorney will drop attempted too often, Farooq said. out when he finds out that he'll have to Even if a person was abused as a child, pay for Farooq's evaluation, even though it doesn't give him a free ticket to kill, there's the possibility it may be used by Farooq contends. Society still expects the prosecution. him to be a responsible citizen. Joseph said he receives about $150 an Polls show that the public believes the hour and makes no bones about his fees. "insanity defense" is overused. But Joseph Since he's an expert and his work is as said that if a lawyer uses the insanity significant as legal work, it should be defense a lot, he must have the "Rhett highly compensated, he said. Butler Syndrome" - a penchant for lost When you're an expert witness, "the causes. It doesn't work often, and lawyers defendant isn't the only one on trial, you use it in only a small percentage of cases. A study in New Jersey in 1982showed are," Joseph said. "I would ask anybody that out of 32,500 felonies, there were who says we do it only for the money only 50 insanity pleas. Of those, only 15 co try it. I don't see people flocking to do it." were successful, he said. The Psychiatrist as Expert Witness A Tom Toles editorial cartoon shows a five-headed psychiatrist on the witness stand. The heads start arguing with each ocher about whether the defendant is mentally ill. Finally the heads end up calling each other crazy. Yes,psychiatric experts disagree, but it's no different than any ocher field, say the psychiatrists who testified in the trial of James F. Bradley, the convicted killer of IRS agent Michael Dillon. Expert economises can't agree on whether the stock market is going co go up or down, noted Syed A. Farooq, a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry and in the Department of Family Medicine at UB. He testified for the prosecution in the Bradley case. Engineers couldn't agree on whether a faulty design caused the Pinto automobile to explode after minor collisions, said Brian Joseph, a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry and a clinical associate professor in Health Related Professions at UB. He testified for the defense in the Bradley case. In the Israeli trial of John Demjanjuk, charged with being the infamous Nazi "Ivan the Terrible; it was handwriting experts who didn't agree, Joseph added. "It doesn't make psychiatrists any better or worse," Joseph said. "So why pick on psychiatrists if they disagree?" One reason that psychiatrists don't always agree as expert witnesses is because they view the law on the "insanity defense" differently, said Farooq. If the defendant has some "soft" signs of mental illness, one psychiatrist uses BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST I Technically, it didn't work in the Bradley case even though Bradley was found guilty of a lesser charge, Joseph noted. Joseph and Farooq each have a great deal of experience upon which to base their opinions. Yet Joseph says he finds it interesting and challenging and he enjoys the give and take. A sense of helping patients is also a motivation, despite the fact it does nor take place in an office or a hospital. "And I've been watching 'LA Law' too much~ he quipped. - C.O.S. • SUMMER1'188 �8 By CONNIE OSWALD SIDFKO & USA JOSEPHSON memorial to the victims of the atomic bomb at Hiroshima reads, "Let these souls rest in peace for we will not repeat this error." "I hope that's ttue; I'm not entirely certain it's ttue," said Robert Peter Gale, M.D., Ph.D., a specialist in bone marrow transplantation. He gained world-wide attention when he led an American medical team that created victims of the 1986 explosion of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor. That disaster has profound implications for today's world. Gale, a 1970medical graduate of the UB Medical School, gave warnings about nuclear war and nuclear accidents when he presented the Stockton Kimball Memorial Lecture during UB's Spring Clinical Day on May 7. He received the Stockton Kimball Award for his timely and positive impact on the field of medicine. Gale, an associate professor of medicine in the Division of Hematology and Oncology at the University of California at Los Angeles, noted that we can't prevent nuclear accidents. "In 1988, we are dealing with some very complex technology nuclear energy, nuclear weapons, and space exploration; Gale said. I • "We are at the very limits of our technical expertise, and accidents cannot be prevented. We had Challenger, we had Three Mile Island, we had Chernobyl, and we will have more. "The consequences of these accidents are global. An accident anywhere is an accident everywhere." Radiation released in che Chernobyl accident covered Europe and parts of Asia and Africa, rhen headed toward Los Angeles, he pointed out. There might be an increase of 30,000 deaths from cancer over the next 50 years due co the accident - about half will occur inside the Soviet Union and half will be outside. Gale gave his speech just before flying to Kiev to meet with radiation specialises from all over the world. This meeting is part of his continuing commitment co provide optimal health care co the 135,000 people who were evacuated after the Chernobyl accident. "We're committed to a lifetime of follow-up of the survivors," he said. "That's longer than my lifetime since some of the survivors are children." Gale also wants to use this accident to learn as much as possible SUMMER 1988 about che relationship of radiation and cancer because chis is the best model of carcinogenesis we have. It's assumed that cancer is caused by changes in ONA. lf it can be discovered how radiation does that, it might be possible to learn how other things, such as nitrites, do it. Gale recently treated the victims of a different kind of nuclear accident in Goiania, Brazil. An unemployed laborer found a radiotherapy machine in a deserted building, left behind by a clinic that moved co new quarters. He took it to a junk dealer and they found a ball of cesium 137inside. Fascinated by the way it glowed, they broke it apart and gave it to family and friends. Some painted che substance on their bodies. Some even ace it. About 300 people were affected. "Don't think it couldn't happen in the United States," Gale warned. Several people died, including a six-year-old girl who ate the cesium. Her body, which will be highly radioactive for the next 300 years, is entombed in a concrete sarcophagus. "This is her brother, a 12-yearold boy who we were able to save; said Gale, showing a slide. "But he's highly radioactive. And except for a brief visiting period, we don't allow him to be in the company of other humans. You may think of him as the 20th century equivalent of a leper. He will excrete the cesium in about a year and will be able co return co society." Nuclear accidents also leave us the equivalent of the 20th century ghost town, he noted, showing what used to be a city with a population of 45,000 near the Chernobyl reactor. It's now evacuated and is crumbling under its own weight. Other forms of energy have a nuclear risk, coo, he noted. We have the 6th Fleet in the Persian Gulf guarding our supply of oil. A nuclear "accident" is more likely to occur there than at a nuclear power station. Medical intervention was possible in the case of the Brazilian and Soviet nuclear accidents. Patients could be saved if you could keep them from dying of bleeding or infection, Gale said. Medical personnel used antibiotics, protected environments, antiviral agents, and the replacement of missing blood products. To prevent or reduce the number of deaths from infection, in Brazil Gale tried an experimental drug called GM-CSF to stimulate the growth of bone marrow. The treattnent caused no side effects and seemed effective in several cases. The medical staff caring for radiation patients had to take elaborate BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �■ precautions because the patients themselves were radioactive, Gale noted. All of the patients' blood products had to be treated as radioactive wastes. Nurses were protected by high concrete walls and the staff was garbed in complex protective apparel. No female physicians of child-bearing age could work with the patients. The radiation levels of physicians had to be checked several times a day co make sure they didn't contaminate non-medical personnel. When it comes to nuclear war, however, "We shouldn't waste too much time making plans for a medical response; he said. If a nuclear device were exploded over Detroit, you'd probably need 42,000 burn beds. In the entire United States, there are only 1,500. And many of the physicians in the Detroit area would be among the half million people who would be killed immediately in the explosion. The average modern weapon is 30 times larger than the bomb that was dropped at Hiroshima, where 193,000 died. Whether you're talking about a limited or full nuclear exchange, you're talking about thousands and millions of times the result that occurred at Nagasaki, he noted. We can compete with the Soviets in football or the arts or literature, but we better not go head to head with them in nuclear strategy, Gale warned, or "it will lead to the end of civilization as we know it." If there's a bright side to the Chernobyl accident, it's that we found out that the Russians and Ame ricans can work together, Gale said. It also demonstrated a very clear mandate to change the status quo. • rollowing the theme of "Arming the Clinician for Today's Challenges in Medicine; the program of the May 7 Spring Clinical Day emphasized the practical aspects of three topics: breast cancer, AIDS, and acute myocardial infarction. Spring Clinical Day '88 and Reunion Weekend were sponsored by the Medical Alumni Association at UB. 1~1,~r ~,~~f~ J. Carl D'Orsi, M.D., emphasized the importance of mammography as an early detection device for breast cancer in women. D'Orsi, professor and vice chairman of the Department of Radiology at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center and professor of surgery there, addressed the concerns women have about get- BUFFALO PHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST • • • • • ting cancer as a result of radiation from a mammography test. He said the dose of radiation in a mammogram is very low. He cited a study conducted to test the effects of radiation, which found that the death rate from breast cancer in the study group with a mammogram was below that of the control group without one. "Studies show that women who have mammograms have a lower incidence of breast cancer," said D'Orsi. "This is because we're able to find smaller breast cancers earlier and therefore are able to cure more. "The benefits of a mammogram are far greater than the risks of radiation from the test. We shouldn't hold back on doing them." D'Orsi also pointed out what doctors look for in mammograms. They look for stellate masses; fine, irregular clump calcifications, and architectural distortion and asymmetry. "The aim of a mammogram is co identify the malignancy before it becomes palpable," said D'Orsi, that is, before it can be felt or couched. Although mammography has been shown to decrease the in! cidence of breast cancer, many I physicians still don't use the test. 2~ According to D'Orsi, 41 per cent <.!) of physicians agreed with the use ~ of mammography, but only 11per _, I;\ cent used the test. ~ "The reason for this; said D'Orsi, "is the expense. The price is beginning to be addressed so that patients who don't have insurance can still have a mammogram." After a mammogram has been taken, D'Orsi advocated the patient's right to a precise report with specific recommendations. These included a routine follow-up, ultrasound, a six-month follow-up, and localization biopsy, depending on what's found on the mammogram. "A negative mammogram doesn't mean breast cancer isn't present; said D'Orsi. "In up to 10 per cent of the cases, a mammogram can't identify clinically palpable masses. This means that women over the age of 40 should visit a docror once a year." Breast conservation is equally as effective as mastectomy in many cases, but when dealing with a kind of breast cancer called duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the situation is more complicated, said Frank Gump, M.D. He is a professor of surgery and chief of breast services at Columbia University. "DCIS was a rare lesion until the wide-spread advent of screening mammography; said Gump. "The diagnosis is made on a mammogram when small flecks of calcium called microcalcifications draw the physi- _____ SUMMER IQ88 9 �I JO ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ cian's attention to the problem." In normal situations, no palpable mass is present in the breast, and the physician doing the biopsy is unable to recognize anything other than normal breast tissue. These lesions require preliminary localization with a needle technique so that the surgeon biopsies che right area. Confirmation that the microcalcification has been removed necessitates X-raying the specimen of breast tissue to be sure the calcifications are actually contained in the biopsy. "Mastectomy has been the traditional treatment for all kinds of cancer including invasive and in situ,• said Gump. "Patients are puzzled when they discover that breast preservation is a standard option for invasive cancer, and yet are told that mastectomy must be considered for in situ cancer, when it is a far earlier form of the disease." While mastectomy and radiotherapy are equivalent treatments for invasive cancer, it is not certain that the same can be said for in situ cancers. "It is generally agreed chat mastectomy will cure essentially all patients whose in situ cancer is detected when it is a purely microscopic lesion," said Gump. Although radiation therapy has been proven to work well on invasive cancers, there have not A ' been any randomized trials done for in situ cancers proving the same thing. "For that reason, the treatment for in situ cancer remains controversial, and patients muse participate in the final decision; said Gump. • j I~ ~ Education is the only cool we have now co control AIDS, but it's not enough, indicated Raphael Dolin, M.D., head of Infectious Diseases at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. Education isn't working well with some high-risk groups such as intravenous-drug users. It is working well with a highly motivated and highly educated cohort of gay men in San Francisco, but even that group sees a rate of new infections of l per cent a year. This is not co say we don't need education; we actually need more, Dolin said. But we also need co look to treatment drugs and vaccines - that's our only realistic hope. It's important to remember that the infection works in two ways, he said: SUMMER 1988 • It kills the white blood cell or renders it incapable of fighting infection. • Or, it enters the cell and remains in a latent state until it's somehow "perturbed~ Then the latent infection becomes an active infection, although Dolin said it's not certain how chat happens. Drugs such as Recrovir, also known as AZT, seem beneficial in killing the active infection, but there aren't any drugs that can cure the latent state, he explained. That's the key problem in finding drugs to fight AIDS. "lt's really our inability to cure these latent infections that is at the heart of che problem of developing antiviral therapy; he pointed out. The different "lifecycle" stages of the virus have been increasingly well defined and that may lead us to a specific biochemical inhibitor for each stage. When it comes co vaccines, there are two main problems, Dolin said. First, there may be an immunopathologic component. That means that if the body tries to mount an immune response, it'll make the disease worse or make the individual more susceptible, he explained. Second, there are different strains of the virus called HIV, and the strains might operate differently. A variety of vaccines have been proposed. The ones that have been looked at in great detail s are the "subunit" preparations made from purified glycoprotein from the virus. The trouble is chat the purer you make them, the less effective they become, Dolin noted. The University of Rochester was among a group of centers that tested a subunit vaccine called gpl60. It hasn't proved very immunogenic, he said. "Both the antiviral and vaccine approaches (co controlling AIDS) are receiving an enormous amount of attention and unprecedented resources," Dolin said. That's reason for optimism. "On the ocher hand, the problems themselves are extraordinarily complex,• he added. Whether we11be able to meet our goals in fighting AIDS is open to question. "However there is no question about the urgency for control measures and the terrible human tragedy this disease represents." Ross G. Hewitt, M.D., a clinical instructor in the Department of Medicine at UB and director of the lmmuno-Deficiency Clinic at the Erie County Medical Center, noted that in Buffalo the incidence of AIDS is low. ln addition, many of the cases didn't originate locally; people contracted the disease elsewhere and moved back home to get BUFFALOPHYSICIANANO BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �11 the support of their families during their illness. ECMC is coordinating the care of AIDS patients in Buffalo. It treats many of the AIDS patients, possibly because their poor health has drained their bank accounts and the county hospital takes indigent cases. But ECMC won't be able to handle the increasing number of cases. "AIDS will have co become as well known to primary care physicians as diabetes and hypertension are,• Hewitt said. "We won't be able to handle all of the primary care ourselves." • To cut down on complications, it has been found, it's better to delay angioplasty (a procedure chat involves opening the blood vessel wider by inserting a catheter with a balloon on the end, then inflating the balloon). It's better to perform the angioplasty between 18 and 48 hours later, Ryan said. There are limitations to rhrombolytic therapy. The therapy can't be used for people over the age of 75, primarily because of the risk of bleeding, he noted. Another drawback is that in about 20 per cent of the cases, the blood vessel closes up soon after it's opened. The reinfarction rate In the last 10 years, we'veseen the advent of new therapy that is revolutionizing our approach to patients with acute myocardial infarctions, said Thomas J. Ryan, M.D., professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and head of the Section on Cardiology at University Hospital, Boston University Medical Center. Called thrombolytic therapy, it was performed for the first time in 1978. The idea behind it is to remove the fresh clot that's blocking the coronary artery and is causing che heart attack. The guide wire of a cardiac catheter, nothing more than a piano wire, is pushed through the artery, Ryan said, and a thrombolytic agent called streptokinase is infused into the artery to open it. This procedure has been repeated many times in the last decade. It's been established that in the United States, if there are no contraindications, rhrombolytic agents should be used, he said. "When you do something to the clotting mechanism during an acute heart attack, you seem to save lives,"Ryan noted. Summarizing all of the srudies that have been done since the early 1980s, he said that thrombolytic therapy seems to accomplish that objective. It dissolves the blood clot and increases blood flow to the damaged myocardium, restoring some of its function. When that is done, a person's chances of survival increase. The earlier the therapy is given, the more effective it is, and it's best if given within cwo hours of the attack, he said. "That means there has to be a change in our culrural approach co getting to the hospital with symptoms of acute infarction," Ryan pointed out. "Not that many patients get there that soon. We have developed a remarkable denial mechanism in the United States and the latest comers to the hospital tend to be physicians.• BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTISf is higher for patients who receive thrombolytic therapy than it is for the control group, he said. "We're saving lives with this therapy, but there are a lot of dayto-day questions," Jeffrey S. Schwartz, M.O., said about thrombolytic therapy. "Hopefully the answers will be coming out shortly:' Schwartz is a professor of medicine at UB and is head of rhe Division of Cardiology at Buffalo General Hospital. A hot topic, even in the popular press, is what drug is best co use. "If you read the New York Times, you probably know as much as the rest of us." he quipped. Most of the attention has focused on srreptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA}.Screptokinase may be as effective as tPA if given soon after the attack occurs. It costs about $200. On the ocher hand, tPA may be more effective than streptokinase if given later after the attack, bur it costs 10 times as much. Another day-to-day question is what physicians should do if a candidate for thrombolytic therapy arrives at a hospital that doesn't have a catheterization lab. Schwartz suggests that the patient receive the thrombolytic agent, such as srrepcokinase, then be transferred as soon as possible to a hospital that does have a catheterization lab. Other physicians suggest waiting to see if the patient remains stable during his entire hospital stay since a percentage of these patients won't need catheterization. "I tend to think I'd rather transfer the patient as soon as possible after the thrombolytic therapy rather than wait until something happens and you have an unstable patient." Schwartz said. It may not be necessary to catheterize all of these patients; Schwartz is doing that to be conservative, though he noted that he might change his view. • SL'MMER 1988 �RESEARCH FUNDING 12 It's important, but political issues could tie it up, says Knox B y T C O N N he National Institutes of Health (NIH) need more money in order "co cake advantage of che new opportunities chat medical science is making possible," but issues such as fecal research may become stumbling blocks for getting chat funding, said Franklyn G. Knox. Knox, dean of che Mayo Medical School and a graduate of both the pharmacy and medical schools ac UB, made the comments in April during his Bristol Myers lecture series at UB. As president of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Knox was scheduled co testify the next week during Congressional hearings on the NIH budget. Using fecal tissue for research and therapy is a difficult political issue that may hamper the funding quest, Knox explained. "People who have strong views in those areas may tie up the larger picture," he noted. "The use of fecal tissue has some very important research and therapeutic implications at this point in time. The political difficulty has co do with tissue chat might be the produce of an abortion. People who are not in favor of abortion are not in favor of SUMMER 1988 E 0 S W A L D fetal research. "Certain controls are important, but a complete ban on fecal research is not in che public's interest." Fecal tissue has traditionally been used in the general area of toxicology, he explained: studying how che things that mothers might ingest or come in contact with will affect the fetus. "It's vital co continue the coxicologic studies for the health of future generations," he said. Fetal tissue can also be used therapeutically, he noted. For example, fetal tissue implanted into people suffering from Parkinson's disease seems to be more effective than mature tissue in treating that illness. Another political issue involves the very few but highly publicized incidents of fraud in biomedical research, Knox said. "The alleged misconduct in research casts a cloud over the research community as a whole," he said. "Unfortunately, it needs co be addressed. It is a fact on the current scene, even though we wish it weren't." K nox said that Congress should specify the number of research grants it S T O F K 0 wanes to fund rather than giving scientists a lump sum. Specifying the number of grams would provide stability co research, he said. That, in turn, would encourage young people co choose research careers. le would also give Congress a sense of what is being funded. Congress would have a target co shoot for and therefore a commitment co a certain level of activity. Researchers would also probab ly end up getting more money, he noted. Bue the drawback co specifying numbers of grams is that Congress tends co dictate co the NIH how money should be used, he added. T he proposed NIH budget is $7.1 billion, but $7.6 billion is needed just to maintain the current level of research. Knox believes the budget for the 1989 fiscal year should be $8.2 billion. "I don't lightly bring this recommendation, considering the budget dilemma," he said. "The re will be restraints in spending on every federal front, including biomedicine." Funding for research is important because "in the past, it has resulted in extraordinary advances in human health, which suggests that the money hasn't been spent, but invested," Knox said. For every dollar spent on health research, $13 is returned to the economy, he noted. And basic as well as applied research muse be funded, he contended. The classic example is the BUFFAIOPHYSICIAN AND BIO MEDICALSCIENTIST �of pharmacy in pare because his father was a pharmacist. "My father was my first role model," he noted. Another role model was Gerhard Levy, a distinguished professor of pharmaceutics at 13 UB, with whom Knox did research. Knox received his B.S. cum laude in 1959. Knox went on for his M.D. at UB, then branched out to the M.0./Ph.D. program of the medical school under the encouragement and guidance of Donald Rennie, professor of physiology and vice provost for research and graduate education. Knox graduated from that program in 1965. A prolific researcher, Knox has done much work in renal physiology, especially in the areas of regulation of sodium excretion, renal phosphate handling, and renal hemodynamics. Before joining the Mayo Clinic and Foundation in 1971, he was with the University of Missori in Columbia and with the National Heart Institute. He has been dean of the Mayo Medical School and director for education of the Mayo Foundation since 1983. He has served on the scientific advisory board of the National Kidney Foundation and the Board of Directors for the American Heart Association. Knox has served in I!! numerous capacities with ~ scientific organizations - na~ tional and international 8 and is currently on the National Research Council and the U.S. National Committee for the International Union of Physiological Sciences. "My career developed far beyond my original expectations," Knox said. "What 1 originally expected was to combine a career in education and research. I didn't anticipate this level of activity. "In other words, it worked out pretty well." • i broad-based polio research chat allowed people co avoid the iron lung, he said. Rather than studying only the development of better iron lungs, the answer lay in virology and developing a vaccine to prevent individuals from contracting the illness. "The money saved on that disease alone illustrates the point," Knox said. The very substantial progress in AIDS research that has been made in a short time wouldn't have been possible either without a broad research base that had been built years before, he pointed out. BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST Research training is a long process, Knox added. If we waited until a specific problem like AIDS ,arose before we trained researchers, there would be an intolerably long wait for a solution. K nox received his training at UB. He chose the field SUMMER1988 �• use as Sir Thomas Moore was a "man for all seasonsn because of his contributions to mankind as author, atesman, lawyer, and saint, the EpsteinBarr virus can be called a "virus for all seasons" because of its list of "contributionsn to human illness. That was rhe message of Alfred Spring Evans, A.B., M.A., M.D., M.P.H., EA.CE., who presented the D. W. Harrington Lecture in April. Evans, a 1943 graduate of the UB ./2 14 ample, 80 per cent of children are infected by the time they're 18 months old. In more hygienic and developed countries, people usually contract the virus much later in life. "It's transmitted by intimate oral contact - kissing - which is more fun; Evans noted. The virus may also be transmitted by other means, such as sharing soda pop bottles, but that's not well supported, he said. A Vz'rusorallSeason The Epstein-Barr virus has a long list of 'contributions' to human illness School of Medicine, is the John Rodman Paul Professor of Epidemiology at Yale University and the director of the World Health Organization's Serum Reference Bank He has written 200 publications. The Epstein-Barr virus can be credited with a diverse list of contributions to human illness, Evans said. There are acute manifestations, such as mononucleosis; chronic infections, also called the chronic mono syndrome, and several malignancies, particularly Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer. The virus may play a different role in each of these settings. Evans said he first came into contact with the virus when he was a young military recruit in Pennsylvania in 1944. He came down with infectious mononucleosis, accompanied by jaundice. It wasn't until 10 years later that it was shown that the virus is transmitted through salivary exchange, as in kissing. ln 1946 Evans was invited to work on the cause and clinical features of infectious mononucleosis at Yale University with John Rodman Paul who, in 1932, had discovered rhe heterophile antibody that is diagnostic of infectious mononucleosis. A cute mononucleosis is transmitted through saliva, Evans reiterated. In less developed cultures, mothers pass the virus to their babies when they pre-chew food for the children. In Ghana, for ex- SUM\tER 19ll8 Epstein-Barr virus infections aren't reported in most states. But in Connecticut, where they are reported, they've proved to be more common than rubella, hepatitis, mumps, and measles. Not everybody who is infected with the virus comes down with symptoms, and Evans suggested that stress may be a factor in determining who gets sick. At West Point, it was found that highly motivated cadets who were doing poorly in their studies came down with symptoms more often than those who were doing well. "There's probably a relationship between stress and the immune system," Evans said. "I don't know how it works, but it's probably for real." There's a chronic condition called Epstein-Ba rr Virus Syndrome, chronic mononucleosis, or chronic mono syndrome. (Evans objects to the label "Yuppie Flu" because that term only muddies the waters.) The symptoms are vague, but the hallmark is relentless fatigue, he explained. Some patients can only work one or two days a week. They may be unable to sleep and have pains in their joints, fever, sore throat, and recurrent headaches. It's not certain what causes the condition. Evans told an anecdote of a physician who varnished his living room with tung oil, then came down with severe mononucleosis syndrome. In the BUFFALOPHYSIC IAN AND BIOMEDICALSC[ENTIST �15 Kissing is one of the more enjoya ble ways of contracting the Epstein-Barr virus. The v irus is no fun at all. laboratory, it's been found chat an ingre• dient in tung oil activates the EpsteinBarr virus. "I would be skeptical of varnishing with tung oil until we found out more about it; he noted. There is a diagnostic test for the chronic condition, but the test is available only in research laboratories, Evans noted. The test checks to see if there are any antibodies to a product of the Epstein-Barr virus called EBNA I or Bam-K. Patients with the condition are unable to produce these antibodies. It's a pretty reliable marker if the antibodies BUFFALO PHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENTISf are absent. T he Epstein-Barr virus is also in• volved in malignancies, such as African Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, and Hodgkin's disease, he said. The evidence for a causal relationship is strongest for African Burkitt's lymphoma. In Hodgkin's disease, Evans found that antibody levels in healthy people who ultimately developed Hodgkin's disease were twice as high as in healthy people who didn't develop the disease. However, Evans isn't sure what to con- elude from that information. It could be that the Epstein-Barr virus is directly involved in the development of Hodgkin's disease. Or it could mean that the Epstein-Barr virus altered the immune system, allowing Hodgkin's disease to develop. Or it could simply be a marker; that is, it doesn't cause the disease, but can signal that a disturbance in the immune system is present that permits the emergence of Hodgkin's disease. Evans' father, the late John Evans, was a professor of anesthesiology at UB. Evans dedicated his lecture to his father and to his late wife, Brigitte. • SUMMER 1988 �16 Be ll To keep costs down, patients move through the hospital faster. "lc's the 'sicker-quicker' syndrome; he said. Medicine is also more highly technical today. While his teachers hadn't bee n able co cure much, they hadn't been able to do much to a patient, either, Bell noted. "The number of decisions that residents must make that could adversely affect the patient outcome are infinitely greater than they were 25, 15, 5 or even l year ago; Bell pointed out. Ir's very hard to convince the public that sleep-deprived residents can make consistently good decisions, he said. According to data compiled at greater New York City met ropolitan area hospitals, to be on call in 1988 in a volunta ry teaching hospital means a resident gets an average of 2.6 hours of sleep per day. That's the average for 122 different residency programs, including those that aren't acutecare specialties, he noted. There's only anecdotal information from the New York City municipal hospitals. One comment was chat there's no such thing as sufficient sleep for residents on call, Bell added. Normally, the resident who is on call during the night presents cases in the morning. Bell said he gave up on that practice because the residents were too sleepy. Residents are worried that they won't get a good education unless they work these long hours. Bue you can't be getting an education if you're th ree-quarters asleep, Bell countered. REDUCING RESIDENlS' HOURS B) CONNIE OS\X~LD SlDFKO I n 1960, people would have thought you were crazy if you suggested limiting the hours that residents work, said Bertrand M. Bell, M.O., author of the so-called Bell Commission Report chat recommended precisely that. Bur things are different today, Bell told his UB audience at the March induction ceremony of the Alpha Omega Alpha medical honor society. The recommendations that had been made by his group about eight months earlier had seemed radical, bur are becoming accepted in a short period of time, he noted. Bell, a 1955 graduate of the UB Medical School, is special assistant to the commissioner of rhe New York State Department of Health and a professor of medicine at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. In October, the Ad Ho c Advisory Committee on Emergency Services, chai red by Bell, made 19 recommendations involving emergency room services, the use of physical restraints, a drug compatibi lity information system, and the supervision and working conditions of residents. Included was a proposal chat residents be limited ro working 80 hou rs a week. These recommendations represent major reforms co the health-care system and would require a restructuring of the residency programs in the State. SUMMER 1'188 ell said that he thinks the recommendations of the committee will become the norm because they're becoming accepted in a short period of time. The time is right for these changes, he explained, and a quiet revolution is occurring. The first thing chat helped set the stage for change is the imbalance between care and cure that has evolved in the 30 years since he received his medical education. When Bell was a resident, he slept in the hospital - he really was a residentof the hospital. His teachers, who had been educated in the pre-NIH, pre-antibiotic era, knew what it was like to care for pneumonia patients before there was penicillin. "They were caring, and they communicated that to me as a student, and to their patients; Bell said. Today, cure is a rather dramatic focus of health care. In the last 30 years, we've forgotten the balance between cure and care and have placed the patient's needs in the background, he concends. Another reason for the quiet revolution is the realization by the public that the work of residents could be adversely affected by sleep deprivation or by lack of supervision . Residencies are different than they were 30 years ago, Bell said. Patiencs are sicker, and there is more intensive care. B 0 thers worry that the continuity of care will suffer and that residents will develop a time-clock attitude toward their work if they work fewer hours. But if we really believe in continuity of care and the residents' commitment to the patient, we're going about it wrong, Bell indicated. You can't make a commitment to the patient when you're sleep deprived. Two weeks before he gave his talk at UB, Bell received a report from the Ha rvard medical faculty saying chat their residents suffer from increased stress and fatigue for several reasons: the increasing patient load, more critically ill patients, and the decrease in ancillary hospital support, such as IV teams. They found BUFFALOPHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST �17 Res id ents aren't learni ng if they're half asleep, says Bertran d M. Be ll. it's hard for house officers to express problems about their work or personal lives. "lt's a problem not just in New York State," Bell pointed out. Residents are under such stress that they11 refer to arriving patients as "hits" or "crocks"or "gomers.•Residents develop cynical attitudes toward patients and begin to think of them as the enermy, he said. We have to show residents that we want them to care for patients as people, and we have to treat residents as people, too. Residents have suffered a significant number of injuries and deaths driving home from on-call duty. Bell told his audience that just the week before someone he knew was seriously injured in such a car accident. There's evidence that residents suffer from suicide, substance abuse, and family problems. "Residents need time to sleep, go to the bank, maybe even see a friend," Bell said. He also told of the final meeting of the ad hoc committee, which was attended by physicians and bureau crats. One doctor was arguing that a resident who had been on duty for 24 hours could deliver BUFFALO PHYSIC IAN AND BIO MEDICA L SCIENTIST a normal baby. One of the laymen commented to another, "Maybe for his wife, but not for mine.• "That's really telling," Bell said. T here's also not enough supervision in hospitals, Bell argued. Supervision is very important because a physician can do so much to a patient. The margin for error is very small. Yet the highest ranking physician on duty at night and on weekends could be a person who has been out of medical school for only one year. "We need to change the basic ambiance. Too often we encourage medical students and residents to show what they know," Bell pointed out. "They should feel very comfortable showing what they don't know. That's supervision. Asking the right question of the right person is the best way to learn." This in turn will help them deal with patients better. They can let the patient know that they may have to look something up or ask someone in order to answer a question. "Patients appreciate knowing their doc- tor will find the best experts when that's what's needed," Bell said. "And remember, we're talking post-graduate medical education, not service. We have to strike a balance between education and service. "The recommendations of the committee make sense," he asserted. "What we really want is quality assurance. If we have excellent patient care, we will have quality education." State Health Commissioner David Axelrod has agreed that some new money is necessary to implement these changes, and it's possible to get it, Bell said. Quoting Axelrod, Bell said that a society that's willing to pay for liver transplants and other expensive techniques will find the money for this. More ancillary staff is needed, but the issue is where we'll find the people, Bell said. There's a shortage of health professionals, such as physician's assistants, midwives, physical therapists, and nurses. If you want nurses, just pay them more, he remarked. Now that the demand has been identified, Bell said he is curious to see how it plays out in the educational system. • SU MMER 1988 �18 A s Dr. Louis Bakay walked through the rare books section of the Health Sciences Library at UB, he was like a young child, filled with wonder and awe, seeing something for the first time. He exuded enthusiasm for the history of medicine as he talked about the variety of rare books in this collection. "Isn't this beautiful; Bakay remarked in his thick Hungarian accent as he gently turned the yellowing pages of a medical book from rhe early 1700s. Watching Bakay casually stroll through the beautiful wooden bookcases filled with antiquated recollections of some of history's most important doctors, one can't help but get caught up in his excitement. "As a young man, before I went to medical school, I was seriously considering becoming a historian. That interest has never left me; said Bakay. Bakay, who retired in 1983 as chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery at UB's medical school, has used his retirement as an opportunity ro work full-rime on his ocher love - history. "Some doctors have no interests ocher than medicine," Bakay stated. "Then, when they retire, rhey have nothing to fill that void. I have been collecting data on medical history ever since I was a young doctor, and as time went on, I did more and more." Bakay has already published seven books and is currently working on another one. Neurosurgeons of the Pase,Bakay's latest attempt ac educating the public on the history of medicine, is a fascinating compilation of information about some of history's most interesting and influential surgeons. Bakay's command of this subject, his multilingual vocabulary (he can read eight different languages) which enables him to interpret ideas char others can't, and his enthusiasm make this book SUMMER 1988 interesting reading. Bakay describes rhe history of neurosurgery from the early Middle Ages to the late 19th century. He details some colorful and unusual men and their contributions to the surgery of the skull and brain. "Their work was closely related to the gradual improvement of surgical tools and co the transition of the concept of brain function from a mere metaphysical concept to a rational discipline of anatomy and physiology," said Bakay. Many of the simpler instruments still used today were actually invented anywhere from 400 to 1,000 years ago. The prototype for the drill was described in the early 1500s,and some other tools even go back ancient Roman rimes. Various knives and pliers used to remove pieces of bone were already in use in the 15th century. "Although back then; Bakay laughed, "these cools were used to remove not only broken bones, but also teeth." Also, instruments used to separate the dura mater {hard membrane covering the brain) from the skull are still used today. "Do you know what the literal translation of dura mater is!" Bakay grinned. "Ir's 'hard mother:" 1r is this sense of humor, and Bakay's appreciation of rhe unknown, rhar makes a rather cumbersome and difficult subject interesting. "I write mostly for my amusement; said Bakay. "Ir's challenging searching through such ancient materials and crying to translate the old languages. However, Medieval French is murder. "It can be very frustrating trying ro read B \' L s A J BUFFAIO PHYSICIAN A1'D �19 "I l J J 0 s E .i-;DBIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST p H s 0 N some words," he explained. "fur was surprised co discover that some major surgery on the head and example, in the 16th century an educated surgeon brain was done much earlier than we mentioned using plaster on the head (professionals) thought," said Bakay. and feet for patients with epilepsy "Brain tumors were actually removed in and other nervous disorders. In the pic- the late 1700s. The general opinion by tures there was a Pisces sign shown over modern day doctors was that this wasn't the guy's head. I wasn't sure if the word done until the 1880s."As Bakay writes: "While the history of craniotomy harks was supposed to be translated as plaster or fish, because it could mean either one. back to prehistoric times, and operations I decided to go with plaster. It was very on the skull were practiced all through funny though and had me confused for recorded history, surgery of the brain years. itself is of relatively recent vintage. Injury "The only other frustration l en- to the brain, either accidental or surgical, countered was trying to put my mind in was considered lethal well into the eighthe mind of someone who lived 600 years teenth century. There was one notable ago,"said Bakay. urhar was very difficult exception, Francois Quesnay, a French at times." surgeon of the mid-l 700s, who advocated In the Middle Ages, medicine was in- exploration of the brain in appropriate deed primitive compared to today's cases." Quesnay made a statement well medical technology. As a result, infection known to modern neurosurgeons that was rampant, especially in hospitals. "The conditions were filthy," Bakay traumatic swelling of the scalp can be commented. "Well-to-do families had mistaken for a depressed fracture, "a form operations performed at home where the of contusion which is very apt to deceive infection rate was lower." young practitioners." Quesnay was also the first surgeon who This was evidenced in his book when one surgeon from the mid-l 700s com- suggested surgical removal of intracerebral tumors - in 1743, stated mented that he wouldn't perform trepan (a surgical technique using a circular saw Bakay. "He based his opinion on his exto make a hole in the brain) in the perience dealing with abscesses and foreign bodies lodged in the brain tissue. hospital, "on account of the unwholeHe queried whether, once a tumor causes some scare in the air." Medicine has improved greatly since intolerable pain in the head, 'and if we the late 1800s. Two things that made should succeed in discovering its posimodern surgery what it is today are an- tion, would it not be reasonable to extiseptic and anesthesia, which were first tirpate the tumor, rather than leave the used on a practical scale in the 1870s. patient to perish miserably.'" Although Bakay rakes the history of "Before this, doctors used all kinds of potions to help dull the pain and kill medicine seriously, his sense of humor comes through constantly. fur example, bacteria," said Bakay. "Opium and in the chapter on Quesnay, Bakay writes: alcohol were used quite freely, inside and "Quesnay also became the physician out." and prorege of Madame de Pompadour, Neurosurgery, as a science, did not the king's official mistress. Quesnay, by emerge until the first half of this century, and was not considered a specialty by now 'Premiermedecin ordinaire'of Louis XV, rescued the king from a very embaritself until the 1920s. SUMMER 1988 �People 20 rassing situation when the latter became ill in the Pompadours' house, and according to some information, even improved the couple's love life by sound advice. This definitely needed improving because Madame de Pompadour was frigid." Another Frenchman, Antoine Louis, "one of the foremost surgeons of his age," helped invent the guillotine. Louis "was interested in the head in more ways than one. He helped the good Doctor Guillotine, a philanthropist who wanted to improve the method of execution with his new machine and who experimented with Louis on sheep at the Bicetre (hospital). The first experiments did not work out well, the blade, no matter how sharp, was likely to crush the neck rather than slice it. It was Louis who suggested that the blade be made slanted rather than straight across. Et voila, the guillotine as we know it was born." O ne of Bakay's favorite surgeons, Bereogario da Carpi, was "one of che great surgeons of all times," according to the author. Da Carpi wrote the first comprehensive monograph devoted entirely to head injuries in 1518, and developed his own instruments including the prototype of our brace with interchangeable drill points. Da Carpi was also the first surgeon who stated: "I do not believe that injuries to the meninges (various membranes covering the brain) and the brain are always mortal and that such patients cannot recover." He was aggressive in his treatment of patients and described the cases in derail ac a time when medical texts rarely contained case histories. "He was recognized as an authority on head injuries for centuries to come," stated Bakay. However, da Carpi was only interested SUMMER 1988 This 15th• ce ntury trepan , as illustrated in Neurosurgeons of the Past, was used to drill hol es in the skull. in treating patients who had a lot of money. Bakay noted, "he only undertook a cure after stipulating for his fees, which he reckoned not by tens, but by hundreds of crowns." Skilled surgeons such as Quesnay and Berengario da Carpi were the exception, not the rule, in the 16th and 17th centuries. Surgery in Europe, for the most part, was in the hands of barbers ("barbitonsores") and bathkeepers ("balneatoresj who were familiar with sores and skin disorders. There were also quacks of all kinds on the scene, and "itinerant scone cutters who occasional ly also removed a stone from the head with a sleight of hand!' "Some of the barbers were experienced, but most of them were abysmally ignorant, the bane of the profession," commented Bakay. In 1512, Henry Vlll prohibited craftsmen, women, sorcerers, weavers, and smiths from performing surgery. However, executioners, who were also torturers, were allowed to practice. "After all," writes Bakay, "they had some familiarity with human anatomy, at least in osteology (dealing with bones)." By the late 19th century, many changes in medicine had begun to take effect. Ernst von Bergmann, considered one of the great surgeons of Europe by 1882, introduced steam sterilization as well as the scrubbing of hands before surgery. He sterilized instruments, gowns, and linen used in the operating room, and insisted on long and meticulous scrubbing of the surgeon's hands. Bakay added, "When an old friend and fellow surgeon from the provinces visited him and asked, 'What's new in surgery?' he replied, 'Today we wash our hands before surgery!" Another major contribution Bergmann made co medicine was his meticulous experiments on the cardiovascular and respiratory effect of increased intracranial pressure. Bakay has been collecting material for this book over the lase five years. The bulk of material came from the Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection of the Health Sciences Library at UB. However, some material came from Bakay's own private collection that he's built up over the years. "I chink it's a crime that no kind of medical hisrory course is required for medical students ; said Bakay. "1t'simportant for surgeons today to know the history of medicine. Nobody knows anything past the beginning of this century." • BUFFALO PHYSICIAN ANO BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST �People 21 Cedric Smith , M.D., professor of phar• macology and therapeutics at UB has been certified by the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and Other Drug Dependencies.• James P. Nolan , M.D., chairman of the Department of Medicine at UB, has been named Governor of the Yearby the American College of Physicians. Nolan was honored for his success in developing local programs for the society and representing the society at the State level on issues concerning health and public policy. He is currently governor for the society's New York Upstate Region and pres• ident of the society's New York Scace Chapter. • Research published by Herb ert Schuel, Ph .D ., an associate professor in the Depart• ment of Anatomical Sciences in UB's Medical School, has been listed as one of the most frequently cited articles in the field of developmental biology in the past 30 years. Schuel's article, "Secretory Functions of Egg Cortical Granules in Fertilization and Development: A Critical Review~ was published in Gamete Researchin 1978. le is listed as one of the top 17 articles in developmental biology cited from 1955-1985 by other researchers who have contributed to the professional literature in the field. The listing was included in a recent issue of Current Contents which devoted an article to citation analysis of developmental biology journals over a period of three decades. • Maire T. Hakala , Ph.D. , MSC, who pioneered the development of using the drug 5-fluorouracil (FUra) in combination with citrovorum factor (CF) to treat patients with advanced colo-rectal and breast carcinomas, was recently honored at an international sym• posium on "The Expanding Role ofrolats and Auoropyrimidines in Cancer Chemotherapl She is a research associate professor in pharmacology in the Roswell Park Graduate Division. The symposium, held at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, included leaders in the field of clinical cancer chemotherapy from the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, France, Canada, and the United States. • BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST Rae Rodne y Jacobs Rae Rodne y Jaco bs (M'62 ) • inter• nationally known for his work in developing a spinal rod used in treating spinal fractures and deformities as well as developing other forms of spinal fixation devices presently in clinical trial, died suddenly on March 14. Jacobs was a professor of orthopaedic surgery at the University of Kansas and chief of orthopaedic surgery at the Veteran's Administration Medical Center in Kansas. As a member of the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (ASIF), a research group working on new implants for straightening the spine of fracture patients, Jacobs traveled around the country teaching his technique for internal fixation. The locking hook spinal rod system, which he patented in 1981 and introduced co che or• chopaedic marker in 1985, is used in fractures of the thoraco-lumbar spine chat result in either posterior ligamentous disruption, or vertebral body fracture, or both, and in spinal deformities such as scoliosis, kyphosis, lor• dosis, and spondylolirhesis. Jacobs was director of one of the most prestigious spine fellowships in the world. This fellowship program will continue, and an international spine fellowship has been created in his honor. In addition, the Rae Jacobs Spine Society has been established in his honor to support and carry on his work. Described as "a big guy" with a chick salt- and-pepper beard and moustache, Rae Jacobs was known for his love of life. "He was an ex• tremely colorful man with many interests; said Jean Oberhaus, his secreta ry for rhe last eight years. He was not afraid to start a controversy. "lf there was a rule against something he wanted to do, the rule was wrong, not him; remarked Dr. Pasquale Montesano. "He didn't play by a lot of the rules in the medical profession. Rae did what he felt was right, regardless of what others thought." As a fellow of Jacobs at Kansas University, Montesano became one of his closest friends. "He was the kind of guy who went out of his way to make people feel at ease; seated Montesano. "When I went co Kansas for my fellowship interview, Rae set me up in a hotel, took me out co dinner, and cook the time to get to know me as an individual. "Although he had firm religious and fami• ly commitmencs, he always gave a lot of his time outside of work to his residents and fellows, and was well-liked and respected by all~ In 1972, Jacobs was chosen to be a traveling fellow of the American Orthopaedic Association, and recently received the 1988 Volvo Award in Clinical Sciences, an annual award given for spine research. He was also an active member of che International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine and of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, was on the board of directors for the Scoliosis Research Society, and was chairman of the North American Spine Study Group of ASIF since 1985. As a professor at Kansas University, research and reaching were his greatest loves. Jacobs was very supportive and gave his time generously, but he was also very demanding of chose who worked with him. "He had a different way of getting perfection from people; said Montesano. "People strived to get his approval because they wanted co satisfy him because he was such a great guy:' He is survived by his two sons, Chris and Greg Jacobs; his father, Darwin Jacobs, a graduate of rhe UB Dental School, and his • mother, Mabel Jacobs. - L.J. SUMMER 1988 �It takes dedication and grueling training to be a physician - or a 22 cross-countrychampion, Dr. David O'Keeffe has discovered RESIDENT ONTHE RUN By LISA JOSEPHSON How does one person juggle a medical residency, a wife and three kids, and a competitive running career? The answer's simple. Get up between 4 and 5 a.m. every day, have an extremely supportive family, and love what you do. This is the life of David O'Keeffe, a third-year family medicine resident at UB, who recently competed in the annual World Cross-Country Championships in New Zealand. O'Keeffe's manner is very relaxed, but he becomes animated when talking about running. His blue eyes light up with excitement and his voice conveys his passion for his sport. "I feel like a real runner now; exclaimed O'Keeffe. "I went down to New Zealand with all the runners you read about in the papers who are trying out for the Olympics. I feel like I deserved to be there, though, because I qua lified, and it was the best race I have ever run. Everything involved in it went in my direction." O' Keeffe is able to balance the th ree aspects of his life by getting up very early in the morning. A typical day begins at 4 a.m. on the running track with his dog Ash ley. "She helps me train; O'Keeffe jokes. "She goes crazy if I run without he r." H is training varies depending on his schedule at the hospital SUMMER 1988 Dav id O' Keeffe and his level of endurance at the time. In an average week, O'Keeffe runs between 70 and 75 miles. However, one day each week he runs only 4 or 5 miles or not at all. "Most serious runners average between 90 and 100 miles a week; said O'Keeffe. "I make compromises and do what I can do. I don't do as many miles as most runners, but my intensity is higher." He runs 440-yard track intervals, faster than race pace, with only a 110-yardrecovery. He repeats this 24 times. This continues BUFFALO PHYSICIAN AND BIO MEDI CAL SCIENTIST �23 for a few months until he feels he's ready co move up to 880 yards 12-to 16-hour day, depending on whether he's on call or workat race pace. He also runs hill repeats, up and down a large hill, ing in the outpatient clinic. When asked how he finds time for a social life, O'Keeffe co get ready for cross-country races. "Cross-country is a tougher race because you run across grass, quipped, "l don't. My wife and l don't go out. That's okay, though, right dirt, hills, ruts, and watert said O'Keeffe. "It's also the most fun." because we don't have the money anyway, and we're happy now.~ O'Keeffe, who's been married for five years and has three fter a grueling, hour-long workout on the track, O'Keeffe stops home, briefly, to shower, eat, and say good morning children aged 4 years, 3 years, and 8 months, said, "My family the to his kids. Then it's off to the hospital for an approximately sometimes suffers because of my hectic schedule, but when A BUFFALOrHYSICIANAl'.D BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST SUMMER l<l!<S �People 24 chips are down, they will always come first." Of tremendous help to O'Keeffe is his wife Mary's support. "I wasn't going to run in the National Cross-Country Championships; said O'Keeffe, "but my wife pushed me. She said, 'How can you not run?'• On the subject of running, O'Keeffe can't say enough. His interest really began in high school when one of his teachers encouraged him to run. But it wasn't until he went to Manhattan College as an undergraduate that he became a serious competitor. "A friend of mine was the captain of the track team, and convinced me to go out," he stated. "At that point, l wasn't a runner and was in terrible pain for the first few months. Something kept me going, though, until 1 got past that point. "I guess I was always athletically inclined toward running. I had the right build, and I enjoyed it because I got a sense of accomplishment. There was a very individual satisfaction I got from running. I could see the results." O'Keeffe became fairly good in college, but he lacked the confidence needed to really excel. "Running is a very mental sport," he said. "It's all mind over matter. You're going to have pain, but you can push yourself beyond that if you wane to." hen he began medical school, he gave up running because he didn't think he'd have the time. That didn't lase very long, though, as his love for running overcame his need for time. "I got back into running because it was important to me mentally and physically; he recalled. "l figured I was going to be tired anyway. 1 might as well feel good and be rired." O'Keeffe quit running two more times; once when he started his third-year of clinical work and again when he started residency. Both times he went back after only a short time. "It reduced stress, helped me sleep better - residents don't get too much sleep - and minimized the fact that residency was an attack against my well-being. Running was something 1could do for myself that could help me maintain control." O'Keeffe started running competitively in the Buffalo Runner of the Year races and did quite well, which motivated him to run even more. Then last year, he entered the Turkey Trot, held annually in Buffalo. "[ ran a very good race," he admitted. W A s a result, he entered the National Cross-Country Championships two days later and came in 40th out of about 200. "That meant enough to me to say, yes, I can run these races and do well," he said. SUMMER1988 O'Keeffe's biggest achievement to date was qualifying for the World Cross-Country Championships in New l.ealand. He's very proud of his performance. "I was lucky for the trials; he said. "Some runners who could have easily beaten me were not there. But there were also runners there, who expected to qualify, whom I beat. "It was really an over-achievement, though, because I really had no right to be there. I was surprised I got to the national level so soon." O'Keeffe's outcome at the World Championships reflected his quick jump onto the fast track. He came in 140th out of a field of over 200. Although he was disappointed with his performance, O'Keeffe is more determined than ever to continue his running career. "Once I get to that race day, everything is on the line. You can't pay for that thrill," he exclaimed. "I learned a lot from the New l.ealand race," he admitted. "l know not to ignore my physical limitations, and I also gained more confidence and motivation. I'm running more now, between 90 and 100 miles a week in preparation for next year." O'Keeffe plans to be in at least the top ten in the Nationals next year. "lfI can accomplish that, then I'll aim higher," he said. "I figure l have about lO more good running years left to do what I can do." Asked if there were any similarities between running and medical school, O'Keeffe replied, "You have to sacrifice to achieve what you expect in both. You can't be cavalier and still accomplish your goals." O'Keeffe also plans to study and practice sports medicine, which he feels concretely connects the two disciplines. "I think being an athlete will help me in treating other athletes; he said. ln the fall, O'Keeffe will be doing a six-month fellowship in sports medicine at Union Memorial Hospital, affiliated with Johns Hopkins, in Baltimore. He then intends to return to UB and work in family medicine and help develop a sports medicine program. O'Keeffe plans to modify his medical career within the next 10 years, depending on how well he does with running. However, he stated that he could never give up medicine for running or running for medicine. "I could never work hours and hours on just one thing and do nothing else. I would be bored," he said. "Medicine is very important to me. I'm excited about sports medicine and wellness, but I'm not willing to become obsessed with them. "I can run and have a career as a doctor, which I feel is better than those who just run, because I'm able to concentrate on what's really important to me." • BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �Research 25 20-fooc-long, seven-foot-diameter chamber from 1:30 p.m. April 19 until they emerged April 27 at 8:07 p.m., spent their final 31 hours being decompressed. Their tissues had become saturated with nitrogen after the first 24 hours in confinement, Lundgren says. Meals were delivered twice daily via airlocks to the three, who had most of the comforts of home in their four-bunk chamber, which was also equipped with bath and coilet facilities. One of the three, technician Jerald George, celebrated his 23rd birthday on April 23 with a specially decorated cake and the gift of several goldfish in a bowl. When the divers emerged, the goldfish swimming in their glass container - shared l!I the spotlight. ~ The three men were quick to give credit to ~ the dozen crew members who worked outside the chamber around-the-dock. Most of chem right , and Dan A nd erson, M.D., seated . worked 12- to 14-hour shifts co monitor the divers and the intricate equipment used to determine the oxygen pressure required for gas washout from blood and tissues at a variety of pressures. A physician was always on duty outside the chamber to help ensure the divers' well being. The scientists involved in the study say they hope that when data is compiled and evaluated it may provide new information leading to more precise guidelines for faster characterized by joint pain and discomfort in and safer decompression of divers. body organs. "Being able to determine methods by which This life-threatening medical problem ocdecompression can be accomplished more curs when divers, who have accumulated quickly - yet safely - is of interest co divers amounts of nitrogen in blood and tissues and to the diving industry, which has many because of underwater pressure, surface too man-hours tied up in the decompression proquickly. This nitrogen build-up must be cess," the UB scientists said. gradually reversed before they can safely Lundgren estimates that it will be several return topside. months before the results of the study are Decompression may require several hours complete. co several days, depending upon the length The divers, who shared champagne with and depth of the dive, explained Claes Lundgren, M.D., Ph.D., the UB professor of friends and co-workers after •re-surfacing,"said they did not suffer from claustrophobia or physiology who directed the study. anxiety during confinement. The chamber used in the study has the Admittedly glad to be out of the chamber, widest pressure capacity of any in the Western they praised the technical crews who were world. le is capable of simulating depths awake and alert even as the divers slept. 5,700 feet below sea level and altitudes up to "It was defintely a team effort," they em100,000 feet as well. phasized. • The three UB divers, who lived in the ia Jerald Geo rge, left ; Domini c DelRosso, UB divers emerge high and dry; have hopes to make diving safer By MARY BETH SPINA T hree divers at UB who lived for more than a week in a chamber pressur• ized co simulate conditions found SO feet below sea level, emerged April 27 amid cheers from co-workers and media. They are Dan Anderson, M.D., Ph.D., a fellow in the Department of Physiology, who directed the study inside the chamber; technician Jerald George, and engineering student Dominic DelRosso. The three, who were continuously confined to the chamber, participated in a study supported by the New York Sea Grant Institute which may provide guidelines for faster yet safe decompression of divers who work ot play deep below the water's surface. Divers who resurface too quickly after being exposed to increased atmospheric pressures found underwater can suffer from decompression sickness or "the bends," BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST SUMMER 1988 �By EDWIN A. MIRAND t the turn of the century, both society and the medical profession held prim1nve and harsh attitudes toward cancer panenc,. Deeply concerned by this, Dr Roswell Park was determined to change those attitudes m a systematic fashion. Park felt the only way to conquer cancer \\as through organized research with the full resources that an institution can provide. This was a bold and original approa(;h m the 19th century, particular• SUMMER IQRS ly the idea of getting f(Overnment funds to support the effort. What Park gave to the cancer com• munity at large was a legacv - the con• cept of a cancer re-earch center. Le ders in medicine and science from the U.S. and abroad came to visit Park to study his institutional concept. As a rc,ult, other cancer centers \\ere started. Still one of the large~t cancer centers m the world, Roswell Park Memorial ln~titute, the nsmute \\h1ch Park found- ed and now bean, his name, celebrates its 90th anniversary this year. Founded in 1898 at the University of Buffalo Medical School, the insmutc connnue~ its University tu.:~ through its status as a graduate division of UB. known Park, an internationally ~urgt.-on,was among the fir~t to call the attcnnon of the country and the world to the fact, long contested, that cancer is steadily on the increase. Born in Pomfret, Conn., on May 4, SCIENTIST IIUFFAI.OPHYSICIAN AND BIOMEOIC'.AL ��Hospital News 28 1852, Park later moved to Chicago. A gifted surgeon, he traveled to Buffalo in 1883 to become professor of surgery at the University of Buffalo School of Medicine, leaving behind an established practice. D uring the next 30 years, he became a prominent figure in the Buffalo community and one of the leading names in the field of surgery and cancer. "Dr. Park has done more work and better work than any person in America in this direction and his work has not only met with great encouragement and recognition abroad, but is recognized as being as good as any done there," stated Dr. W. W Keen, a famous surgeon in the early part of this century . The famous Dr. William Osler in 1903 wrote to Or. Park: "considering the enormous and increasing importance of the subject, it is surprising how little systematic work on cancer has been undertaken in this country . So far as I know, the only Institute devoted to it is that organized by you and supported by the New York State Government. I was most delightfully impressed on my recent visit with the character of the researches going on in the Laboratory." A nothe r colleague who encouraged Or. Park to continue with his organized research approach to tackle the cancer problem was Or. William H. Welch of Johns Hopkins, who is credited with transforming United Scates medical schools from the worst in the world to the best in one generation. When Park's institute added a hospita l to its facilities, Dr. James Ewing, an internationally renowned professor of pathology, became convinced that progress in cancer research depended on this idea of developing a cancer research hospital where research findings could be applied directly to the treatment of cance r. SUMMER 1988 In 1901 th e can ce r ce nt e r m o..,ed int o a building inscrib ed "Gratw ick Lab o ratory - Univer sity of Buffalo ." Park f elt ce rtain that a cure f or can ce r wo uld be fo und qui ckl y and th e building th en w ould be turn ed O'-'er to UB . Th e building was re placed by th e prese nt Scien ce Building in 1954 . Park compiled an ourstanding record as a professor and a researcher and was referred to as a "Renaissance Man." Or. Charles G. Stockton described him as "vigorous, handsome, highly trained; possessed with the traditions of learning, a pervading sense of humor, and an air . .. of distinction; a skilled musician, a witty and brilliant conversationalist .. . he quickly formed an extensive acquaintance among the foremost wherever he went." His students recognized him as a superb reacher. Park's knowledge was prodigious and he was widely read in history, classical mythology, and the humanities. He wrote extensively on esoteric subjects such as medico-Christian symbolism, thanacology (coping with death), the relationship of che Grecian mysteries co the foundation of Christianity, student life in the early Middle Ages, and the works of Giordano Bruno, the 16th century philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician. During his career, Park received honorary degrees from Harvard (M.D.) and Yale (LLD.); served on many national and international boards and committees; wrote 167 textbooks, articles, and monographs, and lectured before numerous scientific societies throughout the world. I n 1904, while speaking before a group of physicians and scientists in Berlin, Park predicted chat at the then-present rate, cancer deaths would ultimately rival deaths from tuberculosis. Time has not only proved him right; it has made his ultimate goal - che cure for cancer more imperative . Park was a man of boundless determination and energy. He was plagued by ill health during che last year of his life, but remained active. He planned the Internacional Confere nce on School Hygiene, convened in Buffalo in 1913. BUFFAI.O PHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDICAL SCIEl'fllST �--- - -- - - Hospital News 29 Following a heart attack, he returned to hospital and college service, and continued to perform many operations with his customary skill. To the protestations of chose nearest to him and of his devoted associate Dr. Edgar R. McGuire, urging more rest, he used to quote a favorite aphorism, "the future reserves for us repose enough." On Feb. 13, 1914, he wrote co Dr. A. L. Benedict: "Within two or three days l hope to be able to get away for a much needed rest of somewhat indefinite length." Early in the morning of Feb. IS, he died. The life of Dr. Roswell Park was so full and rich, his accomplishments so large and many, that it remains an example of usefulness. Those of us associated in the conquest of cancer appreciate the importance of his designs to approach cancer problems through systematic research in an environment of an institution charged with the mission co unravel the mystery of cancer. Since Park, other permanent institute directors have been Dr. H. R. Gaylord (1904-1923), Dr. B. T. Simpson (19241943), Dr. L. Kress (1945-1952),Dr. G. E. Moore (1952-1967),Dr. J. T. Grace (19671970), Dr. G. P.Murphy (1970-1985),and currently Dr. Thomas Tomasi. • Editor'sNoce:Dr. EdwinA M,mnd i.sa=ce direc- tor of the RoswellParkMemoriallnsmure and dean of the RPM/ Gmduate Oi.,i.sionof UB. Catholic hospitals form PPO called HealthSource T he nine Catholic hospitals in Western New York have formed a preferred provider organization (PPO) called the Western New York Preferred Provider Organization and marketed under the name HealthSource. BUFFAIOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST The plan aims to provide high quali- without compromising the quality of ty, low cost health care, primarily to care,• he said. Though self-insured employers are the employees of self-insured businesses and to the employees of the nine hospitals, plan's main target, HealthSource will also according to Thomas J. Doney, executive contract with ocher health insurance companies, offering a fully insured health director of HealchSource. The plan has been described as a mid- product. To participate in HealrhSource, physidle ground between a health maintenance organization (HMO) and cians must purchase one share of stock in the enterprise and pay a one-time fee indemnity insurance coverage. The PPO is different from HMOs of $250. The governance structure heavily inbecause patients aren't limited to seeing participating physicians, though there volves physicians, Doney noted. The are financial incentives to using these board of directors consists of an administrator and a physician from each preferred physicians, Doney said. It's also different from ordinary health hospital. insurance. ln the PPO, a self-insured The participating hospitals are: employer will pay the health-care claims • Mount Sr. Mary's Hospital, of his employees directly to the doctor Lewiston or hospital without using an insurance • Our Lady of Victory Hospital, company, Blue Cross/Blue Shield, or Lackawanna other indemnity insurer. • St. Francis Hospital, Buffalo The doctors and hospitals benefit • St. Francis Hospital, Olean because competition for patients is so • St. Joseph Intercommunicy keen, he said, and the plan will channel Hospital, Cheektowaga patients to participating doctors and • Sisters of Charity Hospital, Buffalo hospitals. • Kenmore Mercy Hospital, Kenmore Employees will benefit from the plan • Mercy Hospital, Buffalo because it will offer them many benefits, • Sc. Jerome Hospital, Batavia such as office visits, while reducing costs, "This represents the largest health-care Doney said. network in Western New York, and it's Self-insured employers benefit because probably the least costly; said Doney. the plan will help them control costs, HealrhSource is run by the Western Doney said. The nine Catholic hospitals New York Care Network, a for-profit corare probably the least costly in the area poration. Its focus now is HealthSource, and the participating physicians have bur other projects are planned. agreed to accept a fee that often is less "We want co provide health care conthan they're charging now. sistent with deeply held religious beliefs," said Richard 8. Russell, vice president of ealrhSource is setting up a strin- the board of directors of HealrhSource. Bishop Edward Head noted that the gent utilization review and quality assurance program to make sure chat first hospital in Buffalo was a Catholic physicians are doing the proper thing, at hospital - Sisters Hospital. "Now there are nine and they've the proper time, at the proper cost, he explained. For example, a second opin- joined together to give good health care and make it as accessible as possible ro ion for surgery is mandatory. "le will help che employer reduce costs people who need it," the bishop said. • H SUMMER 1988 �Hospital r-,ietvs JO N ano-technology will eventually allow the reconstruction of body organs one atom at a time, and by the year 2500 death ,, ill become a voluntary event. We'll have to rethink our whole concept of death. That wa~one of the forecasts made by Leland Kaiser, Ph.D., president of Kaiser Associates, a management consulting firm in the health-care industry. He discussed "Health-care Public Policy: 2000 and Beyond~ during the 1988 Vital Issues Symposium cosponsored by the Millard Fillmore Hospitals and the Millard Fillmore Health, Education, and Research Foun• dation, Inc. The event was held in UB's Center for Tomorrow. The next few years will be the white• water period of health care, Kaiser said. In the short run there'll be pain, but in the long run there'll be gain. Everybody's going ro pay more for health care, he predicted. Shortly after the year 2000, health care will constitute 22 per cent of the gross national product. "That's awful,~he said. "We should be spending 50 per cent. There's no better way to spend money than to promote the well-being of people. "If we could take every dollar our of Shortly after the year 2000, health care will constitute 22 per cent of the grossnational product. "That's awful. We should be spending 50 per cent. There's no better way to spend money than to promote the ~ell-being of people." RLFFALOPHYSICIA~ Al\D BIOMEDICALSCIEi'.71ST �31 LI.I.ISTRAllON 8AARI'FITZGERALD BUFFAID PHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENTisr SUMMER 1988 �Hospital News 32 defense and put it into health care, I'd rejoice. It costs less to heal a person than to kill one. So don't get caught up on the bandwagon of 'Let's decrease health-care costs!" Some patients won't have the money to cover the expensive and mindboggling technological innovations that are on the horizon. In the next seven years, the gap between the "haves" and "have nots" will become greater, he predicted . We need this inequity in the beginning to create equity in the end, he explained. People will learn that, sta rting with their first jobs, they must save for health care and their old age. If you live to be 100, you can't trust the government to do that for you, he added . People will be willing to pay for health ca re, Kaiser predicted . "We have one product people can't live without - life,"he said. Therefore, people will mortgage their houses or sell their cars to pay for health care. "You can live without shoes, but you can't live without life," he pointed out . "So people will save money and change their lifestyles~ T he most expensive equipment coming is an NM R imaging holograph, which might cost $50 million, Kaiser said. The machine would be able to project a large three-dimensional image of internal organs. To see what's wrong with the patient, the doctor will simply have to take a stroll th rough the image. The Japanese are already building something like it for the television industry. Hospitals of the future will play a different role than they do today - they will become body shops. Every single part in the body will be replaceable. ln the future, -as Kaiser cells it, a man will be able to walk into a urologist's office and say, "Doc, I just shot off my water SUMMER1988 Supercomputerswill revolutionize health care. Every patient will be monitored on,line by computer through sensors attached to their bodies. Kaiser thinks that someday there will be cybernetic care units where a computer does everything from evaluating a patient's condition to dispensing medication to collecting money for the bill. pump!" "Not to worry; the doctor will reply as he bolts on a new one. Each hospital will eventually offer its own unique high-tech product, Kaiser said . This will create a na t iona l marketplace in health care. Patients will peruse consumers' guides describing what each hospital offers, then hop on a plane to get the service they need. Supercomputers will revolutionize health care, he said. Every patient will be monitored on-line by computer through sensors attached to their bodies. Kaiser thinks that someday there will be cybernetic care units where a computer does everything from evaluati ng a patient's condition to dispensing medication to collecting money for the bill. Almost everything now done by doctors at the bedside will be taken over by nurses. Doctors do much of their bedside work because of the perception that they can do it better than nurses can . But if you're using supercomputers, the difference between the skills of doctors and nurses disappea rs, he pointed out. Hospitals will need fewer people probably one doctor per hospital and one nurse per floor. Those people will be better trained and better compensated. Paradoxically, the computerized hospital makes possible more nurturance, Kaiser said. Since people won't have to do those things that machines can do better, they'll have more time for human contact. Kaiser emphasized to his audience that they have control over the future. The way to change the futu re of health care is to change the way doctors, nurses, and hospital trustees th ink and to draw up a blueprint for change. "The future's too important to guess at; he said. "If you make a forecast, and then go and do it, your accuracy (in predicting the future) will be very high~ - c.o.s. • BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIEl'n1ST �Hospital News 33 John P. Visco, M.O., clinical assistant professor in medicine, vice president; Richard Peer, M.0., clinical assistant professor in surgery, secretary, and Matthew J. O'Brien, M.O., clinical assistant professor in medicine, treasurer. • Modernization program set at cancer center R Oswell Park Memorial Institute plans a multi-million dollar modernization program that will create a stare-of-the-art facility, including construction of a new hospital, at Roswell Park by 1995. The first phase, to be completed in September, will be an inventory and evaluation of existing facilities at Roswell Park. New construction and renovation and/or selective demolition of facilities are being considered, said Gail E. Johnstone, director of planning. Many projects are planned or proposed in connection with the modernization. They include bone marrow transplantation, a magnetic resonance imaging center, a division of cell and molecular diagnostics, and a center for NMR/peptide structure and function. "When the major modernization program is completed, Roswell Park will be able to offer cancer patients from Western New York and around the coun• try the most up-to-dare cancer treatments available; said Thomas B. Tomasi, M.D., director of Roswell Park. "It will also provide research facilities that will enable Roswell Park to compete even more successfully for grants to develop and advance promising leads in cancer research~ • Sisters joins team to treat disaster victims S isters of Charity Hospital has joined the National Medical Disaster Team, a comprehensive medical system to provide acute care for mass casualties. The federal system supplements local and state disaster plans in providing medical care to victims of major natural disaster or industrial accidents in the United States. It is BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST Children's chooses medical staff officers J ohn P. Menchini, M.O., a clinical assistant professor of pediatrics at UB, is president of the medical staff at Children's Hospital of Buffalo for 1988. A graduate of Canisius College, Menchini received his medical degree from UB. He has been an attending physician at Children's for 15years and has a private practice in Buffalo. Particia K. Duffner, M.0., an associate professor of neurology and pediatrics at UB, is the new vice president, and Richard Judelsohn, M.O., a clinical associate professor of pediatrics, is secretary/treasurer. • John P. Menchini Schaefer elected head of Sisters medical staff A rthur J. Schaefer, M.D., clinical associate professor in ophthalmola cooperative effort of the Veterans Adogy at UB, has been elected presiministration, Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Defense, dent of the Sisters Hospital medical staff for the Federal Emergency Management Agen• 1988-89. Schaefer is chief of ophthalmology at cy, state and local governments, and the Sisters and Sc. Joseph's hospitals, and direc• • private sector. tor of ophthalmic plastic and reconscructive surgery at both the Erie County Medical Center and Buffalo General Hospital. Other officers are David Albert, M.O., research associate professor in urology, homas D. Doeblin, M.0., clinical president-elect; Kandala Chary, M.B.B.S., associate professor of medicine at clinical insttuctor in medicine, secretary, and UB, has been elected president of che Algirdas Gamziukas, M.D., treasurer. At-large members are Carl Schueler, M.0., medical staff at the Buffalo General Hospital clinical instructor in family medicine; Ralph for 1988.He succeedsSidney Anchone, M.D. Doeblin is an artending physician in the Sperrazza,M.O., clinical assistant professor in gynecology-obstetrics; Kenneth Eckhert Jr., Department of Medicine at the hospital. Other medical staff officersfor 1988include M.O., clinical assistant professor of surgery, Michael M. Madden, M.0., clinical assistant and Norman Sfeir, M.0., clinical instructor professor in anesthesiology, president-elect; in medicine. Buffalo General elects medical staff T • SUMMER 1988 �I Research& Medical School 34 Patients believe sinus surgery helps P atients who undergo nasal or sinus surgery overwhelmingly believe it has helped relieve breathing difficulties, nasal congestion and other symptoms associated with moderate to severe recurrent sinus problems, say UB researchers. The study, said UB otolaryngologist Sanford R. Hoffman, M.D., is the first to clearly demonstrate the health benefits patients perceive they derive from this type of surgery. Hoffman, who directed the study, is clinical associate professor of otolaryngology and is affiliated with the Buffalo Otological Group (BOG). "Studies like this one," says Hoffman, "are becoming increasingly important in medicine as a means of assessing potential health benefits in light of efforts to contain costs to patients and third-party payers~ Study results also provide physicians with information which helps them assessthe potential benefits to patients prior to surgery. The UB study, conducted by faculty in the Departments of Otolaryngology and Social and Preventive Medicine, was based on retrospective reports from 114patients treated surgically for sinus problems in 1984-85by members of the BOG. Hoffman said 88 per cent of the patients reported they had benefited from the surgery. When asked to be more specific, 90 per cent claimed it alleviated breathing problems they had prio r to surgery; 88 per cent noted their nasal congestion had improved. There was also noticeable improvement in sinus-related head or face pain reported by 85 per cent. The study showed sinus infections decreasedfollowing surgery in 83 per cent while 80 per cent said the surgery lessened pesky post-nasal drip. Only 12 per cent claimed to have received no benefit from the surgery. Hoffman notes that the 114patients m the study were treated without use of sinus endoscopy, which was not in common use in the U.S. at the time the surgeries were performed. Endoscopy, which utilizes a metal tube containing fiber-optic rods which provide improved lighting and magnification of the surgical area, allows even more precise surgery to be performed with less damage to surrounding tissue. "We could therefore expect when the surgery is performed with use of endoscopy, the patients' perception of health benefits may be ever greater today," Hoffman said. Even though there have been technological advances in diagnosis and treatment through CT scanning and endoscopy, the physician should continue to emphasize the historical signs and clinical findings as primary considerations for the surgery, he believes. Others on the research team were Raffi Dersarkissian, a UB medical student; Steven H. Buck, M.D., and Gerald Stinziano, M.D., clinical assistant professors of otolaryngology; and Germaine Buck, Ph.D., an epidemiologist in the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine.- M.B.S. The questionnairesare coming! Tog111e et·eryalumnus and alumna an opportumiy io be accuraiel)'listed in che upcoming neu Alumni Oirecwryof ihe UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences,we'll soon mail questionnairesto all for whom we ha11ea curreni address. Pleasebe surew completeand ren,m wur direcWr) questionnaire as soon as possible. SUMMER1%8 The information will be edited and processedb) our publisher,Harris Publishing Co., Inc. More than 4,500 of our great alumni will be includedin ihis impressive ne«· directory. Don'i wke a chanceof beinginadvertently omicted - return )Our questionnaire prompcly! • Lebenthal honored for work in nutrition E manuel Lebenthal, professor of pediatrics at UB, was recently honored for his work in infant nutrition and gastrointestinal disease during a program commemorating the Holocaust. The program, called "The Jewish Physician's Commitment to Future Generations: Lessons from the Holocaust," was sponsored by Chabad House of Buffalo. Lebenthal IS director of rhe International Institute for Infant Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease and chief of the Division of Gastroentcrology and Nutrition at Children's Hospital. His commitment to the problem of hunger and the world's children has made itself felt all over the globe. His research contributions have enabled Third World nations to seem the specter of infant malnutrition, chronic diarrhea, and infant mortality. Lebenthal is editor-in-chief of The lniernational Journalof PediatricGasiroenrerology and Nuirition and a member of UNICEPs Scientific Board for Health. In 1984,he received the International Prize of Modern Nutrition for his outstanding contributions on the impact of gastrointestinal development on infant nutrition. • Thoracic surgeons honor Richard Adler R ichard H. Adler, M.D., professor of thoracic surgery at UB, was honored at a thoracic surgical teaching days program held in April at Buffalo General Hospital. Adler is the founder and past director of the cardiothoracic residency program at the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. He is also past head of the Division of Thoracic Surgery at Buffalo General. Adler has been associated with UB and Buffalo General since 1955when he established the thoracic divisions at the institutions. Considered a regional resource for treat- BUFFALOPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �Medical School & People 35 uses high-frequency sound waves to diagnose and creat diseases of the eye. One recent application of chis technology, developed under Coleman's direction, is the acoustic biopsy, a painless, non-invasive procedure chat often eliminates the need for diagnostic surgery.• ment of cancer of the lung and diseases of the esophagus, Adler also is an influential and highly respected professor. In 1982-83, he received the Louis and Ruch A. Siegel Distinguished Teaching Award with Honors for excellence in teaching ar UB. The Buffalo General Hospital Department of Surgery gave him the C.P.Chandra Outstanding Teaching Award in 1984-85. He was the only American physician chosen in 1968 to spend a year in Taiwan as a visiting surgery professor at the National Defense Medical Center in Taipei. • Finland's Red Cross honors James Mohn J UB students receive prestigious fellowships S Jame s M o hn ames F. Mohn, M.D., director of UB's American Blood Commission. He is a conErnest Witebsky Center for Immunology, sultant in hematology for the Erie County Medical Center and the Vetecans Administra· was one of 20 international scientists rion Medical Center and is director of the honored by the Finnish Red Cross-Blood Transfusion Service (FRC-BTS)for their work Ernest Witebsky Blood Transfusion Service of the Buffalo General Hospital. • in blood and blood transfusion services. Each of the 20 received a specially struck bronze medal featuring the profile of Harri R. Nevanlinna, M.D., first director of the FRC-BTS, and the organization's logo, two intertwined hearts depicting blood transfusion. Nevanlinna, who is retiring and was also Jackson Coleman, M.D., a 1960 honored at the dinner, was a Buswell Fellow graduate of the UB Medical in UB's Department of Microbiology Blood School, has received the presGroup Research Unit from 1969-70. tigious Lucien Howe Award. Mohn, a 1944 graduate of the UB School Coleman, an internationally renowned of Medicine, is professor of microbiology and ophthalmologist and chairman of the Departdirector of the Blood Group Research Unit. ment of Ophthalmology at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, received He is chairman of the New York Council on Human Blood and Transfusion Services the award from the UB School of Medicine as well as irs Regulations and Standards Com- and Biomedical Sciences and the Buffalo Ophthalmologic Sociery. mittee. He is a member of the Erie County The award is named for Lucien Howe, AIDS Advisory Council and an ex-officio M.O., a membe r of the UB faculty from member of the AIDS Institute Advisory 1882-1923. Council for New York Scace. Coleman has been the John Milton In addition, he's a member of the board of McLean professor, chairman of Ophthaldirectors of the Greater Buffalo Chapter, American Red Cross as well as its executive mology, and ophthalmologist-in-chief at the board. Mohn is chairman-elect of the chapter New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center and is vice chairman for blood services. since 1979. Among Coleman's significant concribucions He is one of the founders of the International Society of Hematology and has to medical science is the development of served on numerous committees of the ophthalmic ultrasound, a technology chat Coleman receives Lucien Howe Award D. BUFFAIDPHYSICIANAND BIOMEDICALSCIEl\'TIST everal UB medical students have won nationally compericive fellowships. They include: • Anthony Blanford and Barbara Creighton won Smichkline Beckman Medical Perspectives Fellowships co study changes in medical care among the Athabascna Indians. Only 30 of these fellowships are awarded. • Rohit Bakshi won an Alpha Omega Alpha Fellowship and an American Heart Association Fellowship in Cerebrovascular Disease.Seven AOA fellowshipsand 10 heart association fellowships are awarded. • Geoffrey Hamill won an American Heart Association Fellowship in Cerebrovascular Disease. • Jennifer Henkind won a University of California at Davis Ophthalmology Fellowship. • Chi Kim won a Travelers Geriatric Fellowship. Ten of these fellowships are awarded. • Howard Stoll and Ramesh Parthasarachy won Children's Hospital of Los Angeles Summer Research in Oncology Fellowships. Ten of these fellowships are awarded. • Jennifer Broman received an Infectious Diseases Society of America Research Fellowship. Ten are awarded. • ERRATUM The second meeting of the James Platt White Society was held in October. A headline in the Spring 1988issue of the Buffalo Ph)sicianand BiomedicalScientist mistakenly billed it as the first meeting. SUMMER 19<!S �Medical School News 36 fil Students Find Good Match With Residency Programs arch 23 was one of the first warm days of spring, but not warm enough to make people sweat that much. The tension in Butler Auditorium was palpable. Even casual observers were biting their nails. This was the day when the senior medical students found out where they would spend their hospital residencies. Students had listed their choices and were matched through computer with programs across the country. The students waited nervously for their names to be called. To make the anticipation more cruel, the envelopes weren't in alphabetical order. A group of students toward the front of the auditorium opened a bottle of champagne even before their names were M called, perhaps out of confidence that they were there to celebrate. As students were summoned, they walked hurriedly to the stage, a couple balancing babies on their hips. Then came sounds of ripping paper, followed by squeals and shouts, hugging and clapping, handshakes and back-slapping. In a few cases, there was disappointed silence. "We'rewithin a percentage point oflast year, which was a particularly good match year; noted Dennis Nadler, M.D., assistant dean of student affairs in the School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Of the 131 participants, about 60 per cent were matched with their first choice. About 14 per cent received their second choice and about 8 per cent, their third. Only about 7 per cent were matched below their fourth choice, according to Nadler. Cameras flashed and champagne corks popped like firecrackers on the fourth of July. The group near the front of the auditorium opened its second bottle. There was an announcement about a party to be held that evening at Paddy O's. Then the shouts subsided and the noise fell to an excited babble as students compared notes with friends on the pros and cons of their destinations. For the most part, this was a subdued class, remarked one veteran observer. Subdued, but happy. • �LET US HEAR FROM YOU LET US HEAR FROM YOU I want to keep in touch with my classmates. Here is my news for the Classnotes section. I want to keep in touch with my classmates. Here is my news for the Classnotes section. Na me Name Add ress Address C ity, State, Z,p Telephone Degree/Year Position or title Other Program/Year Comp leted Institution City, State, 7,p Telephone Othe r Program/Year Completed Degree/Year Position or ulle News: News: □ Chtck if "'"- add~ss □ Check of nm add~ss lnscnution �BUFFAlD PtiY§J~!6.N State Univers,ty of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14214 Address Correction Requested � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo physician and biomedical scientist, Summer 1988 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. 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Murder Spring Clinical Day Alumni Speak People Research Hospital News Medical School News Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo physician Buffalo medical review Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-31 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v22n02 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. New York (State) -- Buffalo Is Format Of A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format. Journals and magazines (periodicals) Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1988 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/7310f19c9046f66cd4f6920e55f34d34.pdf c24a55871beeb69a2788087f7f4b5a5c PDF Text Text �Dear Alumni, Alumnae, and Friends: W STAFF EXECUTIVE EDITOR IVERSITY PUBLICATIO S Robert T. Marleu BUFFAI.D PHY !CIA EDITOR Connie Oswald Stofl:o ART DIRECTOR Alan J. Kegler ADVISO RY BOARD Dr. John aughton, Cha,nnan Dr. Harold Brody Ms. Nancy Gheco Dr. James Kanski Or. Charles Paganelli Mr. Raymond Paolini Dr. Antoinette p.,,.r Dr. Charles Pruec Dr. Lu,her Robinson Dr. Thoma Rosenthal Or. aleela uresh Dr. Burton Singerman Dr. S cphen Spaulding Dr. elson Torre Mr. Edward Wcruke Dr. Jerome Yates Dr. Franklin Zcplow1tt e welcome a new edito r for the Buffalo Physicuman:1 Biomedical Sciencisc with this edition. Connie Oswald Stofko, formerly associated with the Univer­ sity's weekly publication, the Reporcer,wa cho en co replace Bruce Kershner. We know that she will maintain the high tan­ dard and innovations that Bruce brought to the publication and chat she will be a strong editor. The Advi ory Board ha been reconstituted and will meet with her and a sociated member of the publication staff five times annually. 1 hope you will continue to find the publication informative, attractive, and illuminating. Please conta t Connie with any sugge tions that will he lp improve the publication. ince the last publication, the school has been involved in two new programs. Working in coopera tion with the School of Social Work and with faculty and administrative represen­ tative from the School of ursing, Health Related Profession , and Dental Medicine, we ecured approval to be de ignated one of six Alzheimer's Centers by ew York Scare, and we were awarded a major grant program from the ational Institute of Developmental Disabilitie and Rehabilitation Re earch to e tablish a Traumatic Brain Injury Center. The latter will serve as a school-wide, State-wide and national resource and will have linkage co McMascer University in Hamilton, Ontario. Dr. John Edwards will direct the former pro­ gram and Dr. John oble of the School of Social Work and Dr. Barry Willer, a faculty member in P ychiatry, will co-direct the latter effort. We look forward to exciting programs emanandg from these two effor which will benefit students, faculty and patients in the year ahea · incerely, John aughton , M.D. Vice Presidencfor Clinical Affairs Dean, School ofMedicine W RITE R Pat Donovan Marmie Houchens Lisa J=phson Clare O hea Mary Beth pina ILLU TRATORS Greg Bishop Joel Johnson Jane Mann. kv Glynis weeny Dan Zakroetcm k, Medical Alumni Pre ident' T PHOTOGRAPHERS Doug Lcvcrc Ed Nowak Ian Redmbaugh TEACH! G HO PlTALS Batavia Veteran, Adminmracion Medical Center Buffalo General Buffalo Veterans Adm,nmrauon Medical Center Ch,ldron', Erie County Medical Ccnrcr Men:y Millard F1llmore RoswellPark Memorial Institute Si tcrs of Chamy ProducedIr, ,ht D"'mon of Un1H•r11t) Rela­ uon.s '" ,mocianon w11h tht hoot of Median,, talt Unn,rs,ry of eu, Yorkat 811//olo. THE BUFFAI.D PHYSICIA A D BIO­ MEDICAL SCIENTI T (U PS 551-860) Spring 19 • Volume 22, Number I. Pu Ii hed five times annually: Late Wimer, pr1ngt umm~rt Autumn, and Early Winter - b',' the School o( Medicine, State Univernty of cw York at Buffalo, 3455 Main Sutt<, Buffalo, cw York 14214. Third class bulk postage paid at Buffalo, ew York. Send addros changes 10 THE BUFFALO PHY ICIA 'D BIOME[).. !CAL CLENTIST, 146 CF.S. Addiuon, 3'135Main treet, Buffalo. 'ew York M2H. Cover P hoto: Tyrie<Redden, plwwgrr,phtdI,:, Ian Redmbaugh .· Message he Governing Board of your Alumni iacion . ' after h much deliberation, has decid_ed to authon~~ publication of the first Univers1cya~ Buffalo Sc .11:e Medicine Alumni Directory. This comprehensive volume w\ produced by the Bernard C. Harris Publi hing Company, nc., a respected firm with much experience in chi field. 4 500 The re earching and compiling of all rhe data of over • alumni has begun. The directory willcontain names, addresses, · I·nformad phone numbers and academic and current pracnce tion. It will be collared into alphabetical, cla s year, an geographical eccion . You will be contacted in the near future by the Harri Company to upply chem wirh all the information required. I hope char you will promptly upply chem with the data re• quested so that in May 1989 the completed directory can be relea ed. We will then join an increasing number of school char have a valuable quick reference of fellow alumni. ln response to uggestions by ome of our alumni, your Alumni A ciation, in clo e cooperation with the Director of Medical School Admi ions and the Assi rant Dean of Alum­ ni Affairs, has formu lated a plan whereby the Alumni Office will be notified when children of alumni make application for admission to the School. The Alumni Office will acknowledge the fact by letter that a child of one of our alumni has applied to the School. The Office can erve as another area for you to contact to possibly assi c you if you have any questions, relative to rhe admissions process. Please continue to let us know if you chink there are other programs that the Alumni Governing Board hou ld become involved with to continue to improve and expand your alumni as ociation' activities. Sincerely, Franklin Zeplowitt, M.D. 'S f �Vol. 22, o. I pring 19 NO POSTAGE II I NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESSREPLYMAIL FIRSTCLASS PERMITNO. 2210 BUFFALO.NY : Robert Warner Rehabilitation Center n up to produce succe torie . patients get "fighting power" through · Kenneth Foon, M.D. may have to prove that they've kept ) keep their licen e . nedical center i often thought of a Sulewski, M.D., want women to feel POSTAGE WILLBEPAIDBY ADDRESSEE Buffalo Phy ician and Biomedical cienti t 146 C.F. . Addition 3get 3 million grant to develop pro­ of home and community care. tate U n iver ity of ew Yo rk at Buffalo Buffalo, ew Yor k 14214-99 0 1t e tabli he a center at UB to cen­ and educational ervice . l,,,ll,l..l,,l,l,,,ll,l,,ll,l,,l,l.,l,,l,ll111,, l,II uepartments 24 Hospital News . Rural ho pita! co-op get grant to help with col­ laborative projects. Page12 30 Medical School ew . Luther K. Robinson, Jr. want to fight birth defect through prevention. 35 Classnotes. 36 Events . Phy ician symposium. Page8 will display their artistic ide at a June ���4 yrice Redden wa one and a half, bur he wa n'c talking yet. Hi mother, Aretha, wa worried. "I would bang pots and pan together, and Tynce wouldn't react; she said. "I have a nine-year-old son who wa talking when he wa one, so when Tyrice hadn't aid a word by the rime he wa one and a half, I knew something wa wrong." A hearing peciali t referred Tyrice to the peech, Hearing and Language Depart· ment of the Children' Ho pital. Through chat department, he came in contact with the Robert Warner Rehabilitation Center. The Rehab Center offer one of ew York tare' mo t complete program for handicapped children. It encompa e 11 clinics and i che only facility in the region chat can provide both multidisciplinary and multimedical pecialty evaluation . A handicapped child gees all che service he needs, from social work to medical care, under one roof. The services char Tyrice took advan­ tage of were cho e of the Speech Depart­ ment and the Early Childhood Center. Ac the Speech Department, Tyrice wa diagnosed a having a everc senorineu ral hearing lo . This meant tha t the inner ear, which contain thou and of little hair as well a the nerve of hear­ ing, was not developed properly at birth or wa damaged. Inner ear problem of this kind cannot be corrected. However, Tyrice al o had a conductive hearing lo which affected the middle ear. Fluid or ticky matter built up in hi ear o chat the tiny bones chat produce ound wouldn't move. Afte r peciali c drained chi fluid and provided him with special hearing aids, Tyrice was able to hear ounds . "Tyrice doe very well with his hearing PRING 19 aids," aid a hearing peciali c in the peech Department. "He can hear people talking, but he i till learning language." Tyrice had inten ive speech and language therapy five time per week from the time he was two and a half un­ til hi graduation from the center la t year. A a toddler, Tyrice al o went to che Early Childhood Program, which help developmentally delayed children. The room there are built down cale o children can reach everything by themselve . Each room i equipped with a "kid- izcd" kitchen enabling che children co function on their own. They Ty rice we ar his "ph oni c ear" in hi kind ergarten clas . "I'm very proud of Tyrice. I didn't think he'd get as far as he has in such a short time. He's the youngest in his group at school and he's saying words instead of just pointing and mumbling." help prepare nack , clean up after them elves, learn art and craft , and play games that focu on overcoming their individual handicap a well a sharing with other children. ow five, Tyrice has entered a kindergarten cla for hearing-impaired children in che Buffalo public chool y tern. "I'm very proud of Tyrice. I didn't think he'd get a far a he ha in uch a hort time; hi mother said. "He' doing very well now. He' the younge t in hi group at school and he's aying words in tead of just pointing and mumbling, which i what he wa doing before he received therapy." Although Tyrice has not reached the le el of an average five-year-old yet, hi teacher expect him co be forming entence by next year. Hi mother at· tribute Tyrice' ucce s to the Rehab Center and to the continuing support of hi current chool. Thi is only one of the many ucce corie chat have oc­ curred at the Robert Warner Rehabilita­ tion Center. The Center and Children' Ho pita! of Buffalo are partners in providing rehabilitation ervices for children with phy ical and mental handicap . The Center' primary goal is the re toration of the child to hi or her true potential - phy ically, intellectually, emotionally, and ocially, according to David . Getman, pre ident of che Children' Guild. (For more on the rela­ tion hip between the Children' Guild and the Rehab Center, ee related cory.) The Center's multidisciplinary team of profe ional help in the treatment of multihandicapped children. The team evaluate and treats children with mi ing or deformed limb ; pre chooler with developmental delay ; and children and young adult with various cype of neuromu cular di order , cerebral pal Y, impaired peech and hearing, learning handicap , and eizure problem . "The comprehen ive nature of che Center i what make ic o rare," said German. The Center's profe sionals are from pediatrics, occupational therapy, phy ical B .FFAlO PHY-1 IA • AND Bl MEDICAL , IE1'. 'TI ;r �therapy, ocial work, peech / language audiology, p ychology, rehabilitation nursing, education, nutrition, and other medical pecialtie . They all work together a a ream with rhe child, the family, the referring agency, and the referring phy ician, noted Lucille Phillip , director of the center' Early Childhood Program. The eleven clinics are located in one building, which enables the profe ional staff to confer with one another on a regular basi . "l\voor three raff member then it down with the family and e aluate every a peer of the child' ca e. The clinic are: Cerebral Pal y, Developmental Di abilitie , lnten ive Care ursery Follow-up, Limb Disorder , euromu cular Orthopedic Rehabilita­ tion, Head Trauma, PK , eating, pina Bifida, Developmental Genetic , and Mental Retardation. nece ary. For in ranee, a child who i in the Ear­ ly Childhood Program may al o be e aluated regularly by an orthopedist, pro theri t, occupational rherapi r, social worker and or educational-vocational coun elor, depending upon rhe child' handicap. •Every child goe through an exten ive evaluation," aid one pedal education teacher. "Fifteen group of peciali t diagno e each child and an education plan i \vtitten regarding the treatment proce ." Another unique a peer of the Rehab Center i it lekocek. Lekotek mean "play-library" in wedi h. Familie are allowed to choose four toy a month co take home and u e. Each toy i cha en to meet the developmental level of the pecific child. "The lekocek's philo ophy i the in­ tegration of the child into the family," aid ue mith, director of that unit. "It i a upport ervice to famili through play. We help parent focu on T he Center regard parent a a handicapped child' greare t re­ ource. raff member try to help parent look at what their children can do, inread of what they can't do. The Center erves approximately 3,000 children a year and work do ely with the parent of the patient . ue Laforrest, the Center' head nur e, commented, "The Center i longitudin­ al." To en ure that all rhe need of rhe children are met, the Center ray in contact with other agencie that the pa­ tient u e - chool , other health-care provider , pediatrician , and family doc­ tors. omeone from rhe Center al o meet with rhe child and family at lea t once a year until the child turn 21. ital to the Center' exi tence are the ocial worker , who prepare the family for the difficult ta k ahead of them. A ocial worker visit each child' home, often to make ure the parent are car­ rying out what they learned. ocial worker also refer parent having difficul­ ty dealing with their child' handicap to an appropriate upporc group. The variety of ervice offered makes the Children's Guild unique. Each clinic i run independently of the other , yet they all work cooperatively when Children's Hospital buys former high school T he Children' Ho pita! ofBuf­ falo recencly purcha ed the former Bi hop McMahon High chool on Delaware Avenue in Buffalo. The chool will hou e the Early Childhood Program currencly located at the Children' Guild of Buf­ falo, and the Therapeutic Pre- chool program, currencly at the ho pital. A day-care center for hospital employee i al o expected to be hou ed in the chool. The tentative date for it opening i Augu c. According co Karen Dryja, director of public relation at Children' Hospital, one major benefit in acquir- ing the chool I that it will allO\\ rhe ho pita! to complete it current renovation fa ter by temporarily relocating certain clinics at rhe school. "lt i a perfect locacion, right down che treet," aid Dryja, "and 1cha big beautiful meeting room . The extra pace will allow u to consolidate many program that are currently all over the place." Dryja said che building is in good condition, o very little renovation ha to take place. The hospital i ex­ pected co decide ometime in early June exactly what ocher program will be housed at the chool. -L.J. • .P RL-.: G IQ 5 �6 the po itive a pects of the child by getting them directly involved in the child's rehabilitation. A a result, the quality of interaction is improved." The first lekotek opened in Stockholm, weden, in 1963.Concerned paren and teachers of children with handicap felt a child's true potential could be ignificantly improved through early intervention. The Rehab Center' lekotek, one of many established aero s the United States, opened in 1984with funding from Quaker Oat , which owns Fi her-Price Toys. Fisher-Price al o gives the lekotek many new and experimental toys not yet on the market to test how children will re pond to them. The current library ha just under 1,000 toy and serve approx­ imately 70 families. The lekotek receives funding from public and private corpora­ tions, foundation , individual con­ tributor , and fund-rai ing events. Pro­ gram familie pay reasonable annual fee , but no one i denied ervices. A lso important to the Center is_its affiliation with the UB medical chool. "What goes on at the Center i an in­ tegral part of the School of Medicine and Biomedical cien e " at UB, e pecially the Department of Pediatrics, noted Robert E. Cooke, M.D. He is medical director of the Robert Warner Rehabilita­ tion Center, head of Pediatric at Children's Ho pita!, and chairman of Pediatric at the School of Medicine. "All the physician here (at the Center) teach cudent a well a treat patients," Cooke aid. "Graduate cudents and re ident al o play a particularly large role. "The cudent learn about develop­ mental i ue , are directly expo ed co every type of problem possible, and learn how to diagno e patients with multiple handicaps." Cooke also remarked that the Univeriry provide an important re earch func­ tion. Faculty from the UB Pediatrics Department will be heading a genetic lab to be housed at the Guild. "Many of the medical problems we face PRING 19 Donna now, an occupational therapi t, help a toddler improt1e fine motor have their origins in genetic and family hi tory," he aid. Genetic i involved in chemical di orders, molecular di ea es, Down yndrome, and PKU, an inborn error of metaboli m where the body can't process certain proteins such as amino acids. The Center till ha the ame mission today as it did in 1959 when it began. kill · It concentrate on the rehabilitation of the whole child, o he or he may lead the fullest life po ible. According to Get· man, the additional concern the Center ha today i reinforcing the child' own sense of self-worth and encouraging fami­ ly support, o that eventually the child can function independently de pite the di ability. • BUFFALOPHY !CIA ANO BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �pre ent building wa erected. le con­ tained 65 beds, which were usually filled, and there wa often a waiting Ii c. After the polio epidemic ended, Robert Warner, a phy ician at Children's Ho pica!, saw che opportunity co u e the Guild building as a rehabilitation center. Children's Hospital established the Children's Rehabilitation Center in che Guild building in 1959. The Guild furn­ i he it building, ucilicie , maintenance, and housekeeping service without cost to the Center, Getman noted. The hospital provide all the Center' health care programs and professional raff. All the physicians on caff at the Center are faculty member of the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical ciences. Children's Guild is key player in Center's mission T he Robert Warner Rehabilitation Center would not exist without che long e cabli hed Children's Guild, according to David . Getman, president of the Guild. The root of the Children' Guild go back co 190 , when a group of dedicated BUFFALOPHY ICIAN AND Bl MEDICAL IENTIST women organized an inpatient clinic at a ummer home in Fore Erie. The clinic wa primarily for victim of polio, cerebral pal y, and limb amputation or abnormalicie . le wa called the Crippled Children' Guild. During che polio epidemic in 193 , che The Children' Rehabilitation Center wa renamed the Robert Warner Rehab­ ilitation Center in 19 2, honoring it founder and long-time medical director. le offer one of ew York tare's mo t complete program for handicapped children. In 19 4, the name, "the Crippled Children's Guild; was legally changed co "the Children' Guild" because many pa­ tients and parent felt "crippled" was a derogatory term, aid Getman. In addition co providing the facility and money for equipment, the Guild provides recreational events for patient such as camping trips on Beaver I land, ski program at Kissing Bridge for severe­ ly handicapped children, and AMP camp, a pedal camp for amputee and children with limb disorders. The Guild ponsor research programs into the prevention of certain handicap and epidemiologic research in the field of birch defect . It al o provide tuition aid for cudenc pursuing career in rehabilitation. The principal financial re ource of the Children's Guild are income from legacie , member hip due , private dona­ tion , and gift from foundation and bu ine e . The Rehabilitation Center also receives federal and Seate grants, reimbursement from governmental health agencies, and fee for ervices rendered. - L. J. • PRl GI 7 �NEW AGE PHYSICIAN Ken Foon combines netv biological agents and humor to give patients 'fighting power' By ''I have no fighting power; Jerome Pallazzolo, 35, thinks to him elf after receiving yet another blood tran fusion to increa e hi deva caringly low blood cell counts. uffering from one of the rarest form of cancer, hairy cell leukemia, he i b coming a regular at the ho pica!: a blood tran fu ion every other week and ho pitalizati n every few months to fight an on !aught of infec­ tions. But inspired by hi wifo and daugh­ ter, Pallazzolo, like many terminal cancer patients, harbors a warehouse of hope. Gathering hi last ounce of strength, Pallazzolo vi it a young oncologist who i testing an experimental cancer drug, alpha interferon, a natural di ease­ fighting protein chat can be copied in the laboratory using recombinant D A technology. Pallazzolo i a likely can­ didate for the therapy. With a loo e, gangly cride, a dark­ haired phy ician greet Pallazzolo with a hand hake and cap the thin man' hould r, inviting him to it down. Groucho Marx collectible decorate che doctor's office, and family photos mile disarmingly from each corner of the room. "Pick your favorite;• the ancer pecialist ay , handing Pallazzolo an economy-size pickle jar of colorful, ugly "mad balls" - a bizarre, crowded a ort• ment of dramatic, distorted rubber face . The patient laugh . All tension dissolves. Immediately, Pallazzolo enses chi doc­ tor i different from the multitude f specialist he ha met over the year of PRING 19 ARMIE HO CHE hi illn . The youthful-looking doctor u e humor a therapy, explain omplex treatment modalities in a way patient can ea ily comprehend, and hi compa sion is earne t. Mo t of all, he i confi­ dent and optimistic about chi ex­ perimental cancer treatment. oft- poken and articulate, Kenneth A. Foon, M.D., shares his findings on in­ terferon. Interferon i one of the new biological therapie that use the body' natural defense y rem, or ynthecically engineered clones of it, as an alternative or complement to candard mode of anti-cancer treatment urgery, chemother_apy, and radiation. As Foon talk , hi eye twinkle, igniting a boyi h ze t he doe n't cry to conceal. "People are coming in here deathly ill with virtually no chance to live. Within months, we are turning their live around; Foon tells Pallazzolo. Les than three years lacer, Pallazzolo i among the robu t rank of leukemia patients treated with interferon. At the miraculous rate of 92 to 94 per cent response, their tumor shrank or went in­ to complete remi ion. Even better, FDA approval for alpha interferon (termed leukocyte A interferon) as a treatment for hairy cell leukemia came le s than one year after Foon and his colleague at the Univer icy of Michigan medical center published re ult of the cudy. "It spurs you on," Foon ay year later. "If a rare cancer could be turned around, I believe there are other cure out there." Today, Foon i applying hi rare brand of optimism and impressive experti e at Ro well Park Memorial In citute as head of the Clinical Immunology Division. Clinical immunology is an exploding area in oncology re earch which deals with te ting new cancer treatment and drugs in patient rudies, or clinical trial . Thi summer, Foon will be directing a pa­ tient tudy u ing interleukin 2/LAK (lymphokine activated killer) cell therapy for lung cancer and lymphomas (cancer of the lymph y tern). A profe or of medicine at the UB chool of Medicine, he i chiefly in­ terested in exploring treatment for leukemia and lymphoma and develop­ ing immunotherapies or biological , including promising agent uch a monoclonal antibodie . "Ken Foon bring pecial experti e in biological modifier . He is an excellent lecturer, and hi vitality and enthusiasm make him the kind of role model we want," aid Thomas B. Toma i, M.D., Ph.D., director of Ro well Park. "He i an exceptional find." How many doctor have een a 90 per cent cure from a ingle cancer therapy? How many have had the opportunity to train with the greate t phy icians and re earchers in their field at the mo t pre rigiou institute in the country? And how many re earcher at age 40 ha e publi hed 175 cientific paper in the mo c highly re peered medical journal - with ch pin-off of addre ing a many as 54 international medical con­ ference in one year? BUFFALOPHY I IAS A),;O Bl MEDICAL IE:-.'1151" �Productive, en­ ergetic, and downright nice, Ken Foon i re­ garded as a "new age phy ician" who ha the win­ ning blend of chari ma, busi­ ness savvy, medi­ cal experti e, and a per onality that is equally outrag­ eous, off-beat, and comic a it i thoughtful, com­ pa ionate, and intense. A world expert on u e of mono­ clonal antibodie as anti-cancer agents, he i a pio­ neer in the u e of interferon in the treatment of ma­ lignant diseases. He i a master at peer relations without lo ing hi patient-centered philo ophy. "He' the mo t patient doctor I have met," said pa­ tient Pallazzolo. "He never ru he me out of the room." Yet, hi dedication to medicine ha not impeded other area of his life. He i a modern dad, involved with the activitie and nurturing of hi young family, and has a true partnership with hi wife, Rebecca Garrett, M.D., a rheumatologist who is erving a rehabilitation medicine residency at UB. An outdoor man, Foon is camp doctor and canoe guide for a children's ummer camp in Canada. "He is a lover of life, a lover of people, a lover of thing ,• aid a lifetime friend. A strong intere t in psychology and a love of science led this Detroit native of Ru sian-Jewish heritage to pecialize in oncology medicine. Mo t cancer patient die, said Foon, o helping chem addre i ues of death and dying is a critical ele­ ment of their care. Foon's day i pent vi iting laboratorie and patient floor , mining the ideas and di coveries of scientists and phy ician to advance them into the patient realm. In­ ternational contact with major phar­ maceutical and medical equipment firm BUFFALOPHYSICIA AND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST often receive call from patient and phy ician eeking his advice on new therapie and drugs. The urgency of patients on che ocher end of the phone motivate him. He believe ba ic scienci t need to work hand-in-hand with phy icians and patient to accelerate uch advancements, and he ha posi­ tioned him elf a the go-between. To qualify, he in­ ve red year hon­ ing hi understanding of the pure cience in ~ order to peak to cientists in their term . An incerni t help win vital indu try support for the e with sub pecialties in hematology and costly, time consuming, highly taffed oncology, Foon completed hi medical venture . education with high di tinction at "Ken is an orche era leader, a ma ter Wayne State Univer ity, which later at gathering expertise and material to named him a distingui hed alumnus. He generate clinical trial ," said ark Roch, then erved hi medical residency at the M.D., a istant profe or of medicine at Univer icy of California chool of the Univer ity of Michigan who worked Medicine, an Diego. olidifying hi science background, he with Foon on the interferon/hairy cell leukemia tudy. "He under tand the full erved three years as a public health of­ spectrum of the cientific approach to a ficer with a research po t in immunology problem." at the ational In titute of Health, "I didn't go into medicine co cure mice," Bethesda, Md. Foon then completed a two-year residency at Wa hington VA Foon quipped. The dying cancer patient and Georgetown Univer ity hospital i ever on hi mind. Foon recall a fellow resident who and conducted hi fellow hip in hema­ sought hi aid after being diagnosed with tology/immunology at UCLA, where he cancer. "He dropped out of medicine to was appointed a sistant profes or of keep him elf alive," aid Foon. "lt wa re­ medicine. markable to ee someone deal with hi ecognized for hi early leukemia di ease o rationally. He took the rein and turned every stone." Hi friend ur­ re earch, Foon wa recruited to the ational Cancer In titute, Frederick, vived and o did the positive memory. Foon saw himself in that patient, ome­ Md., in 19 I co head the monoclonal antibody-hybridoma section and lacer one who can't - won't - contain the rush to explore new avenue to ave a was named director of the Cl clinical inve tigation division, both in the life. burgeoning Biological Re pon e Modi­ A walking clearinghouse with the nickname, "Doctor Telephone," Foon fier Program. He then spent two year ! ~ R • PRI.·a 19 s 9 �as associate chief and director of clinical hematology at the Univer ity of Michigan, where he held an as ociate profe orship in medicine. Groomed by the mo t influential and controversial medical "super tars" in 10 cancer research - Robert Gale, Bob Oldham, and Ron Huberman Foon quickly became one of the world's rank­ ing expert on the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma . One of his fir t papers, co-authored with Gale, became a major reference on the surface marker for leukemia. In lacer studies, publi hed in the ew England Journalof Me.dicine,Foon's group used in­ terferon to treat lymphoma , showing a 50 per cent re ponse rate in patient . His re earch with interferon and hairy cell leukemia was the good news the medical community had been waiting for: interferon, the over-hyped anti• cancer drug many believed would be the •magic bullet" again t cancer, had hown little activity fighting solid tumor ; the re earch of Foon and hi colleague , however, showed interferon' success in treating elective cancers of the blood and lymph sy terns. Foon was a pioneer in the u e of monoclonal antibodies (cloned white cells chat target and fight infection) as therapeutic and imaging reagents. His collaboration with Oldham' group at CI, al o publi hed in the ew England Journalof Me.dicine,howed the excellent diagno ric capabilitie of monoclonal an­ tibodies for certain lymphoma . "The beauty of u ing monoclonal an­ tibodies for diagnosis is all the machinery in nuclear medicine is che ame; only the reagent i different; Foon said. His tudie how mou e monoclonal anti­ bodie have extremely accurate tumor pecificity, are highly purified and are well tolerated by patient . Foon i exploring way to link radio­ active i otope , agents u ed in nuclear medicine, to antibodie so chat when the antibody fa ten ro tumor cells, the i ocope will light up to hm the exact cancer ire. The greate t advantage of antibody reagent i they are rumor- pecific, not body part• pecific, so potentially one diagnostic test using antibodies, or isotope linked to antibodies, could iden­ tify all cancerous growth . Current technology requires a erie of expensive PRING I cans or test co detect cancer in various pares of the body. Within the next few year , Foon predicts, labeled monoclonal antibodies, or antibodies linked to radioisotope will not only expand their diagno tic role in tumor detection but may treat patients a well, aving an enormou amount of time and money, reducing risks, and resulting in more exact diagno e . Foon is expected co be on the cutting edge of that technology, according to Tomasi. Foon holds the pre tigiou a ociace editor hip for ~ntibodies, lmmunocon­ jugate and Radiopharmaceutical" and "Cancer Research. He has written several book and has been asked to write a chapter in a re peered medical text book which reflects hi belief chat medical intruction needs to teach both clinical and scientific a peer of patient care. Here in Buffalo, Tomasi believe that ap­ proach will enhance the Univer icy teaching program and attract younger doctors to the area. F oon's dream i co "re-create the fa t track at Roswell Park." Facilirie like the Grace Cancer Research building, the FDA t ting center, and a laboratory chat generates isotope used in im­ munocherapy and diagno tics pave the way for Ro well to be a pioneer in te ting and manufacturing unique cancer drug , noted Foon. "It's a rare situation to be able to take an antibody to a scientist's lab, get FDA approval, and give it back to the patient without leaving the ho pita! ground ; he pointed out. He turned down an offer to head a cancer in tituce in outhem California co accept the position at Roswell Park, where he believes opportunities to con­ duct "unique research" compete with any in the country due co the "tremendous trength of the basic ciences" at the in­ stitute and the University. Foon use another rare weapon against cancer: humor. A elf-revealing photograph hang in hi office. Wearing red boxing hon boxing glove , and a grin, Foon hold a less than convincing boxing pose. Entitled, "The fight again t cancer,• the picture show that he bring 100 per cenr of him elf to hi work, humor and all. By turning curiosity into cures Ken Foon find "fighting power• for cancer pa• tients world-wide. • CANCER RESEARCH MOVES 1DTHE BEDSIDE L aboratory re earch i being con­ ducted near the bed ide of cancer patient in an innovative clinic at Ro well Park Memorial Institute. The concept i clo ing the gap between the promi e of new treatment and their availability. To cancer patients who race against time, chat may be a life-saving difference. Ro well Park i the only hospital in the country to open uch a combined ward; the clinic feature a 12-bed patient unit connected to four modern research laboratorie . "\V/edidn't want to eparace the basic scientists from patient care; aid Kenneth A. Foon, .0., professor of medicine at UB and chief of the new Clinical Im­ munology Divi ion hou ed in the unit. He i al o director of the interleukin 2/ LAK (lymphokine activated killer) cell program to be conducted in the ward. The experimental cancer therapy rev up che body' immune system to de troy rumor. Designing the ward, roon and Thoma B. Tomasi, M.D., Ph.D., Roswell Park' director, "did the unheard of" when they hou d rheir entire research team mack in the middle of the mo c important pare of their mi ion: the patients. Compared co candard collaboration method , the new way i fa ter, more convenient, and flexible. Before, physi• cians met with clinical and ba ic scien• ti ts at weekly multi-agenda meeting , aving their que tions and observation until then. Often, everyone, e pecially the researcher , felt isolated. To olve that, the Roswell doctor imply in• croduced a do e of convenience. "The idea of conjoining the lab and pa· tient areas in a phy ical facility is unique" aid Robert Oldham, M.D., director of 8UFFAIO PHYSICIA, AND BIOMEDI L , IENTIST �the Biological Therapy Institute, an af­ filiate of Biotherapeucics, Inc., Franklin, Tenn. Oldham, who worked with Foon at the ational Cancer ln titute, is a well known advocate of tronger bond be­ tween phy ician and researcher . He believes the clinic - by sheer practicali­ ty of design - will create an unparalleled eras -fertilization of ideas which should accelerate re earch, benefiting patients. Foon advanced M.O./Ph.D. collabora­ tion "from the mental ense into phy ical reality; aid Oldham. Laboratory to bed ide research is a boon to patients in investigative studies. Patients have a right to under rand what's happening in the laboratory, said Oldham. N ot only doe this new clinic ring in a new marriage ben11een cientists and physicians, but Roswell Park is the only facility in a nation-wide program chat is studying interleukin 2 (ll2) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell therapy on lung cancer and lymphoma (cancer of the lymph system). The three common cancer to be studied in Buf­ falo are technically termed non-small cell lung cancer, Hodgkin's di ea e, and non­ Hodgkin's lymphoma . Roswell Park will also look at the effect of ll2 without LAK on melanoma (skin cancer) and kidney cancer. Five ocher study ice will be looking at different can er . "LAK cell eem to chomp on tumor cell and ignore healthy cell ," aid Foon. Compared to standard cancer treatments, uch as chemotherapy, radia­ tion or surgery which damage healthy ti ue, chi i a major tep forward. lL2/LAK therapy treats cancerou growths throughout the entire body by turning a patient's own white blood cells into "killer cells" chat attack tumor . This "adoptive immunocherapy" removes a pa­ tient's white blood cells from the body, activate them with IL2, and reinfuses powerful, anti-cancer fighting LAK cells back into the patient. Interleukin 2 a natural hormone of the immune ystem, can be produced through recombinant D A technology in large quantities with greater than 95 per cent purity. The potent substance belongs to a family of chemical com­ pounds, called lymphokine , that erve as messengers to monitor the activities BUFFALOPHYSICIA AND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST of the immune system. Crucial to IL2's u e as a cancer drug is its T-lymphocyce growth factor, which in laboratory culture activates the pro­ duction of LAK cells, anti-tumor killing cells. To activate the number of LAK cells in the circulation, IL2 is injected into a patient. This lymphocyte priming is per­ formed by extracting white blood cells through a four-hour blood- eparacing process, called leukapheresis, and creating the patient with 1L2.Patient are leukaphere ed on four consecutive days. Leukapheresis uses an elaborate machine to remove white blood cell from the patient while returning red blood cells and p!a ma. Another device automatically eparate white blood cells Foon explain how white blood cells are removed during leukapheresi . for u e in the laboratory. After five day in culture, the activated cells - now called LAK cells - are harvested, tested for their toxicity and injected back into the patient. Ro well Park will al o administer a 24-hour con­ tinuous infusion of relatively low do e IL2. Preliminary findings of lL2's effect on IO different cancers led to its b ing heralded in 1985 as a major cancer break­ through, ba ed on the fir c inve tigacion by Steven A. Rosenberg, M.O., chief of urgery at the acional Cancer 1n titute. Since then, reports on its effectivene s have been more cautionary, particularly in treating skin cancer. IL2/LAK cell therapy is, however, effective for kidney cancer. A mall number of patients with lung cancer and lymphoma have been treated with IL2/LAK, and they have reported encouraging respon e , parcicularly for lymphoma, said Foon. Side effects oflL2/LAK cell treatment include swelling of the pleen and flu-like symptom : fever, chills, malaise, nausea, and inflammation. Dangerou ly excessive water retention, up co ten per cent body II weight gain, was experienced in early Cl patient scudie . Lower do e of IL2 have reduced that ri k. Foon anticipates le than five per cent body weight gain for patients in rhe Ro well tudy. Co- ponsors of the study, DuPont and the wi -based Hoffmann La-Roche, cha e five sites nation-wide co study IL2/LAK cell therapy on various cancers. Later the sponsors named Roswell Park a sixth center. The Com­ panie didn't intend to add a sixth site, but after vi iting the Buffalo facility, they were so impre sed with the experci e of the raff and re ource , they decided co include Roswell a well. Company repre entatives wanted to pursue what they believed would be a long-term relationship with the "prom­ ising group" at Roswell. DuPont is providing a • teriCell" machine that automatically separates white blood cells, and Hoffmann La­ Roche is upplying their patented in­ terleukin 2. By early ummer, 40 patient will be admitted to the Ro well rudy, which will report findings in about two year . Pa­ tient receiving IL2/LAK will have a two-week hospital ray, and at night they will be tran ferred from the daytime clinic to patient wards. Some participant will be treated on an outpatient basis. For the Roswell study, eligible patient must have inoperable non-small cell lung cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma , and Hodgkin' di ea e. Patient mu t be I years or older show good performance status, and have good blood count with reasonably normal blood chemistry. Foon is accepting physician referral and may be contacted at 716/ 45-4464. Foon is known internationally for hi expertise in biological modifier . He i a world expert on cancer treatment using monoclonal ancibodie (genetically cloned antibodie produced from a ingle white blood cell that target and destroy tumors), and he is a pioneer in determin­ ing the effects of interferon (a natural virus-fighting protein or a ynthetic copy of it) as a cancer drug. -M.H. • SPRING IQ �IUIJSTIWlON(Wj ZAKROCZE �PROVE IT Recredentialing would test doctors' knowledge 13 P hysician in ew York tate should go through a re~rede~tia_ling process every nine year in order to re­ tam their hcen e , according to a recent report of the ew York tate Advisory Committee on Phy ician Recredentialing. With today's rapidly changing technology, the public needs to be as ured that doctors are keeping abreast of change . The intent of recredentialing i to guarantee that citizens of this State will get the highe t quality care possible and that the possibility of injury to the patient will be reduced, aid John aughton, vice president for clinical affairs and dean of the School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. aughton is also a member of the committee. Under the current system, physicians register with the tate every three years, but it's merely a formality. Recredentialing could go into effect in mid-19 9 or mid-1990, aughton estimated. Ocher tates are examining imilar issues, but none is making such an extensive recom­ mendation, he added. Under the report's proposals, ph icians would have a choice of how they would be recredemialed: ■ Certification or recertification by an approved special­ ty board. This option would be open to all physicians. The vase ma­ jority of physician would be recertified this way, and it will probably become the national standard, aughton noted . Fifteen of the 23 national medical specialty board already require recertification, and the re t are expected to follow suit, the report noted. ■ Hospital raff peer review. This option would be open to tho e with hospital privileges. The burden would be on the ho pica[ to keep a file on each of it physician because it wouldn't know which doc­ tor would choo e this option at the end of nine year , aughton pointed out . Physician might find this proces uncomfortable becau e it might foster a feeling that someone is always looking over their shoulders, he added. ■ Medical records review. Thi review of a physician's office records would be analogous to peer review in the ho pita!. Exactly how chis would be carried out hasn't been decided yet, the report noted. This option would be open co those who don't take care of patient in a ho pita!. More and more physician are caring for patient out ide of hospital as the medical community trie to contain cost and offer more ambulatory care, aughton aid. k's e timated that 15 co 20 per cent of practicing physi­ cian in ew York tate fall into thi category, according to the report. They range from highly pecialized doctors and BUFFAID PHY ICIAN AND BIO MEDICAL SCIENTIST family physicians to general practitioner with varying amounts of training. ■ Tests. This option would be open to all physicians. The tests are till being developed, aughton aid. He pointed out that they won't cover basics, but will cover the physician' pecialry area. ■ Inactive Ii t. Physicians not in active practice could elect to be placed on the inactive list and have their medical licen e held in escrow. (They could be recredentialed in one of the way listed above.) A ny physician judged co be below standard would u ually be granted a time-limited licen e and be told co do remedial work the report said. The remediation might consist of self­ instruction or a continuing education program. lf the deficien­ cies haven't been corrected at the end of the specified period, the medical license could be suspended until they are corrected. The ew York State Advisory Committee on Physician Recredencialing was appointed by the Department of Health and the Board of Regent (the Regents over ee profe sional licenses). The co-chairmen of the committee were Alfred Gellhorn, M.D., director of medical affairs for the Health Department, and Marrin Cherka ky, M.D., a representative of the Board of Regent. The report was accepted unanimously by the members of the committee, aughton noted. Many constituencie were represented - physicians in practice, organized medicine, medical educator , hospital administrator , national medical organizations concerned with certification, and tare government. The committee i an advi ory panel, and its report eek people' reaction . "Im sure it's going co be controver ial; aughton said. "Phy icians already feel under the gun, under pres ure, in almo t every aspect of health care."Hospital are trying co con­ tain co ts, controversy surrounds malpractice claim , and phy i­ cians are embroiled in debate over how they should be paid - through new ystems uch a health maintenance organiza­ tion or through the traditional fee-for-service route. " ow you're throwing one more thing called recredential­ ing on the plate," aughton said. "It puts one more demand on how a physician proves his worth. There will be a lot of outcry and concern." The recredentialing process isn't designed to mea ure medical competence, the report emphasized. Competence im­ plies chat a phy ician ha not only skill , but the wisdom and judgement to use them. There are no validated tests for com­ petence. - C.0 . . • SPRING 19 �14 W hen Joan ulew ki, M.D., cold colleague she wa caking a job at the Veteran Admini cracion Medical Center, he got two dif­ ferent reactions: some would con­ gratulate her; other would cringe. "They'd say 'Why i a gynecologist go­ ing to the VA?' It's like I was going to iberia or omething," said Sulew ki, a sociate profe or of obstetric and gynecology at UB. That's typical of the misconception ulew ki faces a he develops a program of health care e pecially for women at the VA medical center. The military conjure up image of irility and ma culinity in many people's minds, but there have been women in the ervice for year . In World War 11, there were Wacs, Wave , and even female pilot called Wa ps. Tho e special designations were eventually dropped and women became a routine part of the military. It's now estimated that 11 per cent of people in the military are women and about four per cent of people who choose long military careers are women, ulewski aid. There are about 16,000 women veterans in We tern ew York. And these numbers are increasing. B y C 0 E 0 To erve the e women better, the VA y tern for two years ha been trying to promote women's health care, aid Sulew ki, who i al o gynecology ection chief of surgery at the VA medical center. The Buffalo program i taking the lead and may erve as a model for programs aero the country . In the 'N.soutpatient clinic, women get a battery of IO or 12 general and gynecological te ts. If appropriate, they'll be referred to ocher clinic within the hospital. The VA ha the late t equipment for women's health care, she aid. There is laser surgery; mammography, a test for cancer of the brea t; the mo t ensitive ultra onography, which can pick up ab­ normalities in the uterus and other organ , and a den itometer, which can a e bones for osteoporo is. The hospital will al o offer infertility ervices, ulew ki noted. Legislation that was pas ed in December finally allows not ju t the veteran, but the veteran's pouse, to be tested for infertility at the 'A. IThe fertility evaluation isn't com­ plete without both partie being checked, she explained.) '1 don't know of any other VA medical center that has the expanded service we W A L D T O F K 0 �I.WSll!AllON JANE MAR1NSKY �16 have; ulewski pointed our. ulew ki wants women to know that the 'A welcome chem. Even caking into account char there are more male veterans than female veteran , it eems chat women u e the hospita l much le s than men do, he explained. About 40 of every 1,000 male veteran ek care at the VA, but only I out of every 1,000 women do. "When I read the stati tic , l ju t can't believe the number ," he aid. le' a problem aero che country. The 'A Ho picals in the mid-Atlantic region of the niced cate have a notoriou ly low rate of u e by women, ulew ki noted. he' not ure why women don't u e the 'A. It has pecial ervice for women which are inexpen ive and good. le may be that women imply don't know chac the ervice are available to chem. They think of the 'A medical center a a ho pica( for men, but it' open co any veteran, ulewski <..mphasized. till, he realizes chat the ho pital i u ed predominantly by men and being with the "boys" can make ome of the male veteran relaxed - more relaxed than they'd be at home with their familie . "They're relaxed in dre , attitude, and verbiage, and female may feel a little bit uncomfortable; Sulew ki aid. To remedy chat, the ho pita! et a ide ome bed exclusively for female in­ patient to give them a little mor privacy. Women can al o get a televi ion in their rooms if they feel uncomfortable watching TV with the men in the pa­ tients' lounge. The ho pita! provides nicecie uch a women' pajama . And the raff is working to make ure women' anitary upplies don't run out, which has been a complaint in the pa t, ulew ki noted. SPRI,"G 1 B "Sulewski wants women to know that the VA welcomes them. About 40 of every 1,000 male veterans se.ek care at the VA, but only 18 out of every 1,000 w omen do. It's a problem across the country." ut women won't cake advantage of the e ervices unle they know about them . ulew ki i trying to publicize the 'N.s offering through health fairs and contac ting female veteran by mail. Another reason female veteran may not use the ho pita) is because it ha an image problem. In off-hand comments, people have remarked co ulew ki that women aren't "poor enough" co go co the 'A - they can afford to go elsewhere. Tho e comments don't make sense to ulew ki for two rea on . Fir t, everything she reads cells her chat women are the poorest of the poor, e pecially elderly women. econd, the comment imply that the 'N.s ervice are inferior. They're cheap, but it' like gercing Cadillac ervice at Yugo price . Except for neuro urgery and ob retr ies, the VA Medical Center ha every service you can imagine - it's comparable to other ho pitals, he said . It was the fir t ho pita! in the area to do cardiac transplants. It has rhe lace r equipment and ometimes get instruments earlier than ocher ho pica! becau e of the government procurement system. le al o ha killed per onnel. And the co t are low. Veteran would probably be better off using the VA medical center than buying Medica re which requires a quarterly payment, he noted . For instance, the most a vet will pay for outpatient ervice is 25 a day, no mat­ ter how many re c he or he receive . At certain income le el , service are free or prorated. Service is also freeif you have a service­ relaced disability, and you don't have to have hrapnel in you co qualify, ulewski pointed out. For in ranee, someone who wa diagno ed as having multiple clero is while he o r she wa in the er­ vice would qualify. BUFFALOPHY ICIA:--A, ·o BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �17 I Inpatient ervice are al o inexpen ive. The full price for up co 90 day a year i 540. Again, ome veteran qualify for lower rate or free ervice. I "How many women veteran out there are ju c trying to make end meet and would benefit from the e er­ vice ." ulew ki asked. he cold of one patient who uffered broken bone and went co a private clinic. "!c drained her financially," he aid . " he was o graceful to hear about the 'A." Women can al o be helped through re earch. ulew ki noted that the 'A y tern enjoy collaborative tudie , and he look forward co uch re earch with other medical center . One question he'd like to con ider i whether gynecologi t hould be u ing ultrasound exam in cead of the manual pelvic exam. The advantag co the ulcra­ ou nd are chat it may provide more information than a manual exam, e pecial­ ly for older women and obese women, ulew ki said. ew ultra ound vaginal probe may make the exam more comfortable. Unlike conventional ulcrasound in­ strument , the probe doe n't depend on the patient having a full bladder in order co tran mic clear image of other organ . Pelvic exam are performed now becau e doctor are accustomed co do­ ing chem, and ultra ound may be more coscly, she said. But ac the 'A Ho pita!, the co c may not be a much of a factor. The an wer to que tion about ultraou nd and re ulc of ocher re earch pro­ ject will benefit more than ju c veterans, ulew ki predicted. "One of the greace c thing the U.S. did wa allow service people co go co chool; he said. We've all beneficted from a bet­ ter educated population. BL"FF A LO PHYSICIA ts At- 0 81O~1EDICA L IE!\:11iT "The most a vet will pa for outpatient services is 25 a day, no matter how man y tests he or she receive~. 'How many women eterans out there are just trying to make ends meet and would benefit from these services?' " "And now maybe by allowing women' health care at VA medical center , we'll improve healch - not only of the veteran , but of all women becau e of cudie that are performed." Before taking her po t at the 'A Ho pita!, ulew ki was director of ob cetric and gynecology at Buffalo General Ho pica!. She' proud of the fine birching room that were recently ec up while he wa there. ulew ki i also board certified in gynecology and reproductive endocrinology. Combining that experience with her activiry in many women's group , he' an appropriate choice for rhe new post at the VA. 'A admini tracor have been very sup­ portive and in trumenral in getting the program off the grounc!, he noted: Gerald Logue, chief of caff; Richard Oro ke, medical center director, and John Pulli, admini cracivea iscam to the chief of raff. "They recognized the dire need for uch a program; he aid. he al o credit John aughcon, vice pre idem for clinical affair and dean of the chool of edicine and Biomedical cience at UB. The interaction between che Buffalo 'A medical center and the UB medical chool i unique, he aid. or many 'A ho pica! are connected to a medical chool where the dean talk to che medical director regularly. "We have enlightened leader hip; he aid. The re pon e to the women' outreach program so far has been heartening. Before her fir c health fair publicizing the program, ulewski em invitation to ome female veteran . About 20 per cent of che replie came back with warm, handwritten notes de cribing how graceful the women were co hear about the program. "Maybe the image i lowly changing," ulewski mu ed. • ' PRI.'GI �Surviving Traumatic Brain Injury By MARY BETH G rowing number of person who have uffered traumati brain injury (TBl) are urviving their injuries becau e of medical and ciencific advancement . But when they arri e home, they often find the community doesn't have the rehabilitation ervice they need. To addre chat problem, a national center has been e cabli hed ac B under a 3 million, five-year cooperative fund­ ing agreement with the U. . Department of Education. The ational Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (RRTC) for Com­ munity Integration of Person With Trau­ matic Brain Injury will conduce re earch and develop training program on i sues related to re-entry into the community of per on with TBI. Thi i one of five TBI center funded nationally. 'J hile the other are med­ ically oriented, the B center will gear it efforts toward provider of home and community care. The funding wa awarded co B' chool of ocial Work and che of edicinc and Biomedical cience by che acional In cicuceof Di abilicic and Rehabilitation Re earch ( IDRR). While mo c of che RRTC' major pro­ jects will be located in Buffalo, one will be conducted in Hamilton and r. Catharine , Ontario; another will be located in Philadelphia, Pa. ln addition to funding from IDRR, UB ha allocated 45,000 co develop a state-of-the-art computer y tern co escabli h and maintain a national data base. Additional funding for each of che fir c two year will be provided by UB ro attract an internationally known vi icing professor in the field of neurop ychology. Co-director of the RRTC are John oble, Ph.D., M. .W., and Barry Willer, Ph.D. oble i profe sor of ocial work and rehabilitation medicine at UB. Willer i associate profe or of p ychiatry. William Mann, Ph.D., a ociare pro­ fes or of o cupational therapy in UB' . PIUNOl Pl A chool of Health Related Profe ion , will be training director of the RRTC. "Thi project on community integra­ tion of per on with TBI is critical for everal rea on ; aid Fredrick eidl, Ph.D., dean of UB' chool of ocial Work. He empha ized chat the cope of our national problem concerning TB! con­ tinue co increa e at a breathtaking pace. About half rho e person aff cred are between the age of 15 and 24. Becau e chi is a relatively new prob­ lem, there are great gap in ervice for the e people and their families, he aid. The project, which involve many peo­ ple, agencies, and rvic in the .. and Canada, repre ems a major effort co bring cience, reason, and scholar hip to bear on the problem of TBI. J ohn aughron vice pre idem for clinical affair and dean of the chool of Medicine and Biomedical cience ac B, pointed out that the medical chool i very plea ed with che ucce fut out• come of o~le' and Willer' effort . Over the past 12 year , aughton noted, the University ha recruited an out randing faculty in rehabilitation medicine who e contribution to developing an environment which could upporc and nurture such a program a the RRTC have obviou ly paid off. "This new program is the first multidisciplinary program developed be­ tween the chool of Medicine and Biomedical cience and the chool of Social Work and complement the efforts of the We tern ew York Health cience Con ortium. The Con ortium include an acure head injury unit at Erie Coun­ ty Medical Center and ha upported Our Lady of ictory Ho pita!' certificate of need for a 26-bed chronic head injury treatment unit; he said. aughton added that the program's emphasis on community care and up­ port ervices represent an innovative and timely approach co dealing with thi �imporrant public health problem. A large number of per on with TBI have been injured in automobile ac­ cident , noted Richard wiczer, depuc • commi ioner of the 1 ew York tate Education Department' Office of Voca­ tional Rehabilitation. The e people are 19 pnmaril young and can be rehabilitated to re-enter their community a produc• tive member of ociety. He aid that the project i indeed a co r effective one, for "whate\'er we pend toward rehabilitating any person who is di abled, there i a great return." Pamela Burn , founder and executive director of the ew York rate Head In­ jury A ociacion, aid that communic integration and community erv1ces for per ons with head injurie and their families are the mo t needed component of rhe rehab11icative y tern. Burns, who i al o vice pre idem of state a ociacion affair for the ational Head lnjurv Foundation, noted chat 5 per cent of tho e admitted to hospital with diagno e of head injury are di charged co home and communit . There are no pecific head injury re ource to erve chem. C o-director oble said it i e rimated by che acional Head Injury Foun­ dation chat from 177co 295 per on per I 0,000 population annually uffer TB!. Of chi number, approximately 4.3 per cent are left with re idual deficit which make community re-entry after hos­ pitalization difficult. "Funding of the RRTC; he noted, "i a re pon e to the 19 6 amendment to the Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973 which recognized chat many di abled per on could not be gainfully employed without benefit of inten ive, ongoing upporc ervice ." Co-director '\ iller al o ired che face chat government interest in TBI in• dividual ha been purred b intensive effort of advocacy group . o t notable of the e i the acional Head Injury Foundation and their affiliate , primari­ ly compo ed of family, friend , and care provider for tho e with TBI. "An important concept in dealing with Q di abled per on i to remember that ~ they are peoplefir t," '\ iller empha ized. 5 Thi concept, he added, i ingrained in J the underlying philo ophy of the RRTC ~ and all it a ociated projects. • i BLFFALO FHY.ICL-\ . .. ... D 81 \ 1EDI L - IE1''TIST �ALZHEIMER'S "I didn t realize that an one could become so impaired. If ou can imagine being sentenced fore er to a foreigncountr , among strangers w hose language ou don't understand who don't understand you; if you can imagine forgetting our own face and who ou are and were and the terror of losing everything that e er had meaning, then ou ha e some idea of what the go through." - daughter of an Alzheimer's patient PRl~G N ' gram to Y-Buffalofor the e cabli h­ ment of an Alzheimer' Di ea e A i cance Center co erve the eight coumie of'>; e tern ew York. le i one of ix gram awarded aero che rate for the purpo e of cenrralizing diagno tic, a e mem, and educational ervices for patient , their familie , and profe ional caregivers. The Alzheimer' A i cance Center i headed b John Edwards, .D., B pro­ fe or of medicine and family medicine, and i expected co be operational chi month. Diagno tic ervice will be pro• vided at the Erie Counry Medical Cencer while the Cencer' admini trative office will be located ac the Deacones Center of che Buffalo General Ho pical. "Ultimately; say Edward , "we expect to pro ide the fine c diagnostic and a e mem ervice for all form of dementia, including Alzheimer' Disea e. earlv "Our econd goal i co a ure com­ a century ha pa ed ince German neuropachologi t Aloi Alzheimer iden­ prehen ive delivery of medical ervic to the e patient and co their familie with t1fied the ravaging disea e that bear hi name, but it cau e remain a my tery, che a i ranee of communicy-ba ed social and health ervice agencie , and co diagno i i difficult, and drug cherapie educate familie , health care provider , have pro en ineffective again t it and the community about demencia." di a crou effect on cognition and behavior. Diagnostic ervice will be delivered by Alzheimer' Di ea e afflict more than a multidi ciplinary ream of health care 2.5 million American 11,000 in profe ional that include phy ician We tern ew York alone. The be t p ychologi t , social worker , nur e , and e timace are unreliable, however, ph ical and occupational therapi t . A becau e they do nor account for two-member ervice coordination team thou and till in che early, undiagno ed will function a a permanent link be­ cage of illne . or do tati tic reflect tween che Center and the ervice the "hidden" iccim - family member organization in the community chat will who not only endure the agonizing lo provide po c-diagno tic ervice . of a loved one over the cour e of a The Center's educational component decade, but mu t pro 1de nearly con cam will be conducted through the carecaking during the four co five year Mulcidi ciplinary Center for the tudy chat mark the middle cagesof the illne . of Aging, che '>;e rem ew York The ew York tate Department of Geriatric Education Center, and the Health recently moved co addre the chool of ur ing, all ac UB, and che burden impo ed by Alzheimer' and We tern ew York Chapter of the related di order by awarding a 50,000 Alzheimer' Di ea e and Related BL:FFALO PHY !CIA~ A~D 810 \tEDI L . CIE. :n. T ��22 Disorders A o­ ciation (ADR­ DA). In cooperation with these organ­ ization , the Alz­ heimer's Disea e A i tance Center expects to present a major conference in 19 9 that will ad­ dre s a essment and post-diagnostic issue confronted by health care profe sionals. "Another vehide for the education of physicians; say Edwards, "is the con­ sultation proce it elf. When a patient i referred to the Center, his doctor will r c ive an evaluation report outlining what wa done and what wa found . In this way, physicians become familiar with the best methods of diagnosi and begin to order them on their own." arly ymptoms of Alzheimer's Di ease may appear several year before diagnosis is established. Those such a dep ression, short-term memory lo , con­ centration difficulties, anxiety, and catastrophic reaction to mino r incident are similar to tho e of other irreversible dementias, but may also ignify far le s serious and more treatab le condition . For this reason, early recognition of Alzheimer's-like ymptom is extremely important. "Certain medication or do age ," Ed­ wards points out, "may produce symp­ toms associated with mu lti-infarct dementia or Alzheimer's Disea e chat may disappear when the drug i di con­ tinued or the do age altered." En­ docrinological disorder , depre ion, and stress respon es following emotional or physical trauma can also mimic ymp­ com of irrever ible dementia. "From the medical perspective," he add , "one of the important thing we in­ tend to focus upon is very careful a ses ment to be ure that we don't let rever i­ ble dementia lip by unrecognized. At all co t , we mustn't mis potentially remediable cau es of the e conditions." The Center' diagnostic procedures will involve the review of the patient' medical hi tary, upp lemented by infor­ mation gathered from a variety of E PRJ 'G 1 neurop ychological te ts and physical and psychiatric profiles, as well as blood tudie and computed tomography scans. Although phy icians at some Alzheim­ er' centers claim a cliagno tic success rate of nearly 90 per cent, Edwards cautions char a definitive diagno is can only be possible at autopsy or through brain biopsy. "Essentially, we diagnose Alzheimer's and related disorders by ex­ clusion - the elimination of all oche r possible reasons for the clinical picture "We have to realize that just because an individual has Alzheimer's or a similar illness, it doesn't mean that there aren't any number of physical problems present. The alleviation of an aggravating physical condition may reduce confusion . . . and make the patient more comfortable." presented by the patient," he explained. Edwards makes the point that testing can have beneficial re ulcs for the patient even if the ultimate diagno is is that of an irreversible dementia. "We have co realize; he says, "that ju t because an individual ha Alzheimer' or a imilar illne s, it doesn't mean that there arent any number of physical pro­ blems present. The alleviation of an ag­ gravating physical condition may reduce confu ion, depre ion and so on, and make the parient much more comfor­ table." Arthur Cryns, Ph.D., director of the Multidisciplinary Center for the Study of Aging and a UB professor of Social Work, applauds the multidisciplinary ap­ proach to be used at the new Alzheimer's Cente r. He point out that the older popula­ tion is increasing rapidly, and many phy ician aren't used co dealing with the elder ly in large number . "As a result; Cryns says "many doctors find it difficult to a e s dementias, which are e sential­ ly, though not exclusively, diseases of the aging. "By including heaJth care profe ionals from many fields in the asse ment pro­ cess, the Alzheimer' A si ranee Cente r can develop a comprehensive mechanism for diagnosis at the optimum level~ Once diagnosed, patients with A lzheimer's Disease and related disorders are usually cared for at home by relatives for many years before nursing home placement becomes fea ible or po sible. While often in good physical health, they are "labor-intensive" patients who require a great deal of attention and, ultimately, in-home cu codial care. T he middle rage of Alzheimer's Di ease is referred co by caregivers as "the wor t." le invo!ve year of bizarre and even dangerous behavior precipitated by an inability to perform purposeful movement, a lo s of ab tract speaking ability, delusions, hallucina­ tion , and paranoia. This i followed by evere long-term memory lo , profound hypoaccivity, reversion to early life behaviors, and death, frequently from re piracory infection. "During the midd le stages," say Joan Mrozin ki of ADRDA, "in-home patient care becomes increasingly difficult. Pa­ tients are confused and frightened, ometime hostile, and finally have to have all their needs met by a caregiver ... an adult child perhap , and frequent­ ly an elderly spouse. lc's very demanding phy ically and emotionally for the fami­ ly." "The inclusion of ocia! workers, BUFFALO PHYSICIAN AND BIOMEDICAL SClENllST �psychologist , and peer- upport groups as isolating the gene chat causes the familial the diagnostic and treatment problem adviso r to the Center recognize that form of Alzheimer's, and physicians are that physicians, patient , and their the caregiver needs considerable support becoming more proficient at managing families have confronted for o many in order to provide competent care once their affective symptoms, there is no year. the patient leaves che medical setting; prevention and no cure now. "Through this effort ... chis collective Cryn says. "The e profe ional offer laying on of hands ... we bring to bear Some estimate indicate chat the physicians and familie a great deal of number of Alzheimer's victims alone will che resources at our command so that a istance in managing difficult patients neither the patient nor his family needs nearly triple during the next five decades and in coping with their own sere reac­ an increase that promi es to strain the to feel abandoned:" tions ." The Alzheimer's Di ea e Assi ranee re ources of families and the health care Mrozinski, whose mother uffered delivery y tern. Perhap in recognition Center is co be governed by a policy from Alzheimer's Disea e for 12 years of chac face, annual federal research fund- board composed of John aughton, before her death, say , "There is no M.D., vice president for clinical affairs preparation for the kinds of behavior and dean of the School of Medicine and families have to contend with . .. the Biomedical Science ac UB; Fredrick W. wandering, the paranoia, total di orien­ Seidl, Ph.D., dean of the School of Social tation, physical and mental disintegra­ Work- Bonnie Bullough, Ph.D., dean of tion. It's deva eating. It's exhausting . I che School of ur ing; Gloria Olm tead, never felt a if I'd done enough.n acting commi ioner of enior Service for Erie County; Mary Ann Boll , direc­ Gary Brice, associate director of the Multidisciplinary Center for che Study tor of the Coordinated Care Manage­ of Aging, concurs. ment Corporation, and haron Len­ "Alzheimer's isn't going co go away, and hardt, pre idenc of the local chapter of it's becoming more complex for the ADRDA. erving on the Center's advisory board caregiver to handle, Brice aid. "Since are Jane Peltier, project director of ADR­ 19 2, we've offered them training to help them cope with che more difficult aspects DA's Western ew York Chapter; Mary of the illne , but the face is that there Jo Anderson, Catholic Charities; Diane Huff, director of the Community Alter ­ aren't enough nursing home beds and native Services As ociacion; Ronald many family member have to work oucMaier, chairman of the We tern ew ide the home, so they find it difficult to York Human ervice Consortium; Mar­ provide the kind of constant attention vin Herz, M.D., chair of UB's Depart­ required. They need all the help they can gee." ment of Psychiatry; Michael Cohen, .D., chair of UB's Department of Through its association with the Mul­ eurology; Glen Gresham, M.D., chair tidi ciplinary Center for the Study of of UB' Department of Rehabilitation Aging and the ADRDA, the Alzheimer Medicine, and Kathleen Barrett, chief A si tance Center i expected to link administrarive officer of the Odd Fellow caregivers with training like chat referred and Rebekah ursing Facility in to by Brice, as well as with re pite pro­ Lockport. grams, legal and financial a sisrance, in­ amed as ociate directors are Arthur home health aides, day care and Cryns, Ph.D., professor of ocial Work; ing for the study of the e disorders ha housekeeping ervice , nur ing homes, peer-support groups, and ocial service increa ed more than 500 per cent since Evan Calkins, M.D., professor of medicine and family medicine; Linda agencies. the lace 1970s. The first re earch breakthroughs are expected to be in Janelli, R. ., Ed.D., clinical instructor of diagnosis, rather than in an under rand­ nur ing; Bradley Truax, M.D.,a istant lzheimer's Disea e and ocher pro­ ing of the multiple cause or treatment professor of neurology; Marion Goldgre sive, irrever ible dementias are tein, M.D., clinical a ociate profe or of among the most serious disorder to af­ of che e di order . psychiatry; John Feather, Ph.D., a istant onechele s, Edwards maintain that flict our older population. They are the by pooling the knowledge and expertise profe or of medicine, and Carol owak, fourth leading cause of death among of several health care profe ions, the Ph.D., clinical associate professor and adults, and at least 337,000new cases are Alzheimer's Assistance Center "offers an associate director of the Multidisciplin­ diagnosed annually . excellent opportunity to re olve ome of ary Center for the cudy of Aging. • Although researchers are closer to "Some estimates indicate that the number of Alzheimer's victims will nearly triple during the next five decades, an increase that promises to strain the resourcesof families and the health care delivery system." A BUFFALOPHYSICIA A.'JD 81 MEDICAL SCIENTIST SPR1'J G I 23 �Hospital ews RURAL HOSPITALS Co-op pools resources T he Rural Healthcare Cooperative, Inc., a group of 12 rural ho pital in We tern ew York, ha re­ ceived a 700,000 grant for a shared com­ puter ystem and ocher collaborative project . The four-year grant i from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The member of the cooperative are Brooks Memorial Ho pita! in Dunkirk, Cuba Memorial Ho pital in Cuba, Jame town General Ho pital in Jamestown, Jone Memorial Ho pical in Wellsville, ewfane lntercommuniry Hospital in ewfane, Olean General Hospital in Olean, t. Francis Ho pital in Olean, t. Jerome's Hospital in Batavia, alamanca District Ho pital in Salamanca, Tri-County Memorial Hospital in Gowanda, WCA Ho pical in Jamestown, and Gene ee Memorial Ho pical in Batavia. on-hospital member are the Depart­ ment of Family Medicine at UB, Mercy Health Sy tern of We tern ew York Inc., and Vital net, the holding company of Millard Fillmore Ho pital. A major function of the grant i quali­ ty a urance, aid Thoma C. Rosenthal, clinical a sociate profe or of family medicine at UB. In quality assurance, a ho pical ex­ amines it elf to make ure it services are up to par. For example, it should review the appendectomies chat have been per­ formed and find that 10 per cent were done on what turned out to be normal appendixes. If the number i lower, doc­ tors are waiting coo long co do surgery, Rosenthal explained. To perform these quality a urance SPRING I co another hospital in the co-op, the se­ cond ho pital doesn't have to go through all the work of compiling another pro­ file. The work has to be done only once. And it also prevent a physician from getting in trouble at one hospital and simply going down the road to another rural hospital - something that ha been known to happen, he noted. A nother a peer of the gram will look at providing services chat haven't traditionally been offered at a small hospital. With the national trend toward fewer inpatients, hospitals must look for . ~,,,~ ..11/1/1,,i ' way to remain financially viable, he aid. ~t.• , , ,r,, , '-:,. , _.·· . ·•\ ,.. They also want to find ways to meet local ··· . . . ,.._..,. ·, ' 'ti• .•tl"• · · , '~:~· need . \)\1•.t.. ... '.'.:''"':;,,-\;.:.'.'•. 1~-'"~";,~ .._.. For in ranee, walk-in acute care center ~ might be established. These are modifica~ tion of the emergency room. They're designed for people who have ailments ~ uch a sore throat that don't require the drama and expertise of a full emergency review , a large volume of information room, but need to be een by a health­ needs to be computerized, he noted. This care provider. grant will help develop a computer net­ Another idea is co et up wellness work co erve all member ho pitals. centers. People would receive an evalua­ Special nurses are al o needed to go tion and perhap an exerci e prescription through patients' chart and dig out che for getting into hape and staying in appropriate information. A small hape. Tying in with chat are cardiac ho pica( may nor have enough work to rehabilitation centers for people with keep one nurse bu y at this all the time, heart ailment . o hospitals can hare personnel. The ho pitals will also look at haring The computer will also be imporcant service . The two Olean hospitals for medical credentialing. When a physi­ Olean General and t. Francis - are go­ cian applie to one ho pital in the group, ing to share obstetrics and pediatric his or her applicarion is reviewed by the rather than duplicate chose services in a co-op. mall city, Rosenthal said. The advantages co chis, Ro enthal ex­ Some hospital beds will be converted plained, are chat if the physician applies to long-term, skilled nur ing bed . Tri4 ~ ' - - i · ·· i I BUFFALOPHY ICIA AND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST �Hospital 1 ews 25 County Memorial, Cuba Memorial, and WCA hospital are planning such conversions. The Univer ity will play a key role in continuing education for phy icians, nurses, and ancillary staff, Ro emhal said. Re earch comes under this um­ brella. The aim is to develop a rural health network to study rural health trends and rural health care issues. "By doing research, we're also stimulating people and helping them to maintain their credentials," he noted. Two projects have been started. One is to look at the office procedures of fami­ ly physicians, particularly regarding en­ dometrial biopsie . The other is to look at the survival rate of women who have had acute myocar­ dial infarctions. That' never been done in rural hospitals before, and the tatistics may be different from the city or suburbs because of the difference in support of the community and family, Rosenthal explained. The Univer ity also plans to eventually use the ho pita!s in the co-op as teaching sites, he added. Another part of the grant will be everal model programs. These include women's health care services, programs for people who have been hospitalized for alcoholism, and programs for the pa­ tient leaving the hospital who needs er­ vice such as intravenous medication for a time at home. Ro enthal is the program director for the UB family medicine residency pro­ gram and served as clinical advisor for obtaining the grant. David M. Holden, professor and chairman of the Depart· ment of Family Medicine, was instru­ mental in initiating the idea of the co­ op and grant. While the University assists the group, the cooperative is run by the member ho pita) , Rosenthal emphasized. • BUFFALOPHY !CIA AND BIOMEDICALSCIENTIST Balloon used to open aortic valve at BGH A n alrernative to open heart surgery for high-risk patients has been performed uccessfully at Buffalo General Ho pital. The procedure, known as balloon valvuloplasty of the aortic valve, was per­ formed in December. It was the first such procedure at the hospital, according to Djavad T. Arani, M.0., acting director of the Department of Angiology at BGH and clinical associate profe or of medicine at UB. The procedure was performed on an 6-year-old female patient who wa discharged after three days, Arani said. The patient had a severe narrowing of the aortic valve resulting in conge tive heart failure. The procedure reopened the aortic valve and the blood flow returned to normal. Balloon valvuloplasty is somewhat similar to balloon angiopla ty of the cor­ onary arteries, Arani explained. A local anesthesia is administered and a catheter with a balloon attached at the rip i in­ serted into the femoral artery in the groin area. The catheter is advanced aero the aortic valve into the left ventricle, the heart's primary pumping chamber. "Once the balloon i in the aortic valve, it is expanded with angiographic contra t olution," Arani aid. "Expan­ sion of the balloon usually results in dila­ tation of the ob tructed valve and re-establi hment of normal blood flow through the aortic valve:" He observed that patients with aortic valve disease usually undergo open heart surgery in which an artificial valve is inserted. "Balloon valvulop!asty i a new alter­ native to open heart surgery for high-risk patients," he said. Patient in the high­ risk group include the elderly with ad- vanced heart failure, or individuals with severe lung disease, cancer, or renal failure. While open heart surgery normally cakes everal hours, the length of a balloon valvu!oplasty is approximately 1 to 1½ hours and the patient is con cious, Arani noted. He aid that persons who have aortic stenosis, or a narrowing of the aortic valve, ri k evere heart failure or sudden death if the condition is not treated. "Once the aortic valve narrowing reache a critical point, the pressure in the left ventricle continues to increa e and the situation become life­ threatening," Arani explained. "We will continue to use balloon valvuloplasry for patients who are not candidates for open heart urgery. In ad­ dition, we also will use this modality to treat patients who have a narrowing of the mitral valve." (The mirral valve con­ nects the upper and lower chambers on the left side of the heart.) Along with Arani, members of the angiology team involved in the fir t balloon valvuloplasty at BGH Included John P Visco, M.O., clinical a siscant professor in medicine, and James G. Conley, M.D., as istant professor in medicine. • ECMC names Pruet new medical director C harles Pruet, M.D., has been ap­ pointed medical director of the Erie County Medical Center. Pruet was director of otolaryngology at ECMC for one year and has served on the medical staff of Veterans Administra­ tion Medical Center as associate chief of staff for education and chief of otolaryn­ gology. Before that, he was in private practice in Florence, Ala. PRING I �Hospital ews 26 Joseph Zizzi, M.D., who wa medical director for eight years, has been named deputy medical director. Last summer he asked that a replacement be found o that he could return to teaching and pa­ tienc care. In hi new po ition, Zizzi will be respon ible for developing a Physician Ca e Management Program in coopera­ tion with the County Department of ocial ervices to provide recipients of public assi tance with health care ser­ vice which would be coordinated with one primary care phy ician. Zizzi will al o seek to increa e private phy ician activity at the ho pita!. Pruec is a graduate of the Univer ity of Alabama at Birmingham Medical chool and ha completed a fellowship in head and neck oncology surgery at UB. He i a fellow of the American Academy of Otolaryngology / Head and eek urgery, the American College of Surgeons, the American Academy of Facial, Plastic, and Reconscruccive urgery, and the American ociety for Head and eek Surgery. Pruet is also a senior member of the As ociation for Academic urgery and a liaison fellow of the Commi sion on Cancer, Ameri­ can College of Surgery. He has published in the area of oco­ laryngology / cancer of the head and neck. Zizzi,a cardiology attending phy ician, began his ECMC a ociation in 1958 after graduating from the UB Medical School. He was acting hospital director from 1984 to 1986. He ha been president of or held of­ fice in the Western ew York Heart A ociation, the We tern ew York Society of Internal Medicine, the ew York Heart Assembly, the Medical Socie­ ty of ew York State, and the medical­ dental staff of ECMC. PRING 10 sional societies, including both the Erie County and ew York Scace Medical Societies, Armenia is al o a member of che American Medical A ociation; the American, ew York State, and Western ew York Societies of Internal Medicine, and the American and Buffalo Diabete Association . Ocher medical raff officers elected for 19 were: Andrew Green, M.D., clinical in truccor in medicine vice president; Anthony Bu caglia, M.D., clinical assis­ tant professor in medicine, secretary; and Bernard Mu cato, M.D., clinical in true­ tor in gynecology-obstetrics, treasurer. • ECMC expects to get regional AIDS center Josep h P. Arme nia A Diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine, he ha published in the area of cardiac disease . • Armenia elected president of Mercy's medical staff J oseph P. Armenia, M.D., chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Depart ­ ment of Medicine at Mercy Ho pita!, has been elected president of the hospital' medical staff for 19 8. Armenia, a clinical associate profe sor of medicine at UB, i also a 1962graduate of the UB chool of Medicine. Follow­ ing his intern hip, re idency, and en­ docrinology fellowship at Buffalo General Ho pica!, Armenia was in the U.S. Army Medical Corps from 1966-196 and received the Army Com­ mendation Medal. An active member of many profes- T he Erie County Medical Center expect to soon receive final State approval for its designation as a regional AIDS center. ECMC will act as a re ource for ocher hospital . It will provide consultation, re ource information, and a sisrance to a variety of health care providers in managing their AID patients, aid George McCoy, chief executive officer at ECMC. According to McCoy, ECMC has been providing some unique ervice co the AIDS population. "We are the only ho pita! in the area to provide a clinic for patients with a confirmed diagnosi of AID ; he said. Becau e of the ho pital's work with UB, ECMC patients benefit from the University's participation in a ational In tituces of Health grant to evaluate new cherapie for the treatment of AIDS, McCoy noted. "This de ignation will assist the Medical Center in attracting more grant fund , which will contribute to expanding the knowledge ba e about AIDS; he said. Case management will be a cor- BUFFALO PHY ICIAN AND BIOMEDICAL JENTIST �Hospital eivs 27 ner tone of the Medical Center's AlD program. "Client will receive a comprehen ive treatment plan for all phases of their disease; said Ro Hewitt, M.D., who will be medical director of the new program. He is a po tdoccoral re earch a ociate in medicine at UB. "The treatment plan," Hewitt noted, "will include arrangements for inpatient, outpatient, and home care ervice . The plan will cake into account both medical and nonmedical needs of the patient and his or her family or social network. An assessment of social, financial, psychological, and piritual needs of the client will be integrated into the overall treatment plan. "Ca e management service will im­ prove the continuity of care and it should reduce the co t of care," Hewitt aid. ince ECMC i already functioning as a resource center, the designation pro­ bably won't produce dramatic change , McCoy said. "Over time, the hospital hope to tim­ ulate the development of ervices not currently available for AIDS patients," he aid. Included in such ervices will be ho pita! and re idential ervice . • Med-dent officers elected at ECMC M urray Ander en, profes or of surgery at UB, has been re­ elected pre idem of the medi­ cal-dental staff of the Erie County Medical Center. The chief of cardiova cular urgery ha been a sociated with the ho pita! for more than 21 year . During that time he has held numerou offices on the medical-dental taff. Elected pre idem-elect is Jan ovak, clinical associate professor in medicine at BUFFALOPHY !CIA AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST UB, ECMC sign new affiliation A Murray Ander en UB and head of the ga troenterology unit at ECMC. The new ecretary is Frederick Mun chauer Ill, re earch a i cane professor of neurology at UB and attending in neurology and medicine. Re-elected crea urer is eil Dashkoff, clinical a istanc professor in medicine at UB and chief of the cardiac catheteriza­ cion laboratory at ECMC. Re-elected representative of the volun­ tary staff are Michael San one, clinical assistant profe or in ophthalmology and assistant attending in ophthalmology, and Edward tehlik, clinical a i cane profe or in medicine and a i tam at­ tending in the medicine- pinal cord in­ jury unit. Re-elected representative of rhe full-time raff is Rocco Venuto, professor of medicine and head of dialy i ervice . Ju tine Krawczyk, a i tam profe or of medicine and director of the coronary care unit, i the newly elected repre en­ tative of the full-time staff. • pact new affiliation agreement be­ tween UB's chool of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Erie County Medical Center, a ma­ jor teaching hospital of the Univer ity, was signed in February at a Capen Hall ceremony. The agreement reaffirms the institu­ tion ' hared education and research misions and outline a spacereimbursement plan chat i expected to increase the ho pital's income by approx­ imately $750,000 in 19 . Among tho e present at the ceremony were UB Pre idem Steven Sample; George McCoy, chief executive officer of ECMC; Erie County Executive Denni Gorski; John aughton, M.D., vice presi­ dent for clinical affairs and dean of the chool of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Kevin ullivan, president of Medaille College and chairman of the board of tru tee of ECMC; M. Robert Koren, chairman of the UB Council; Provost William R. Greiner, and Robert ]. Wagner, vice president for Univer icy services. The agreement, which updates an af­ filiation agreement igned by the two in­ stitutions in 1962,further defines the role of the Univer icy in relation to the ho pita!. Specifically, it brings the rela­ tionship between ECMC, the Univer i­ ty, and the School of Medicine into line with those between the Univer icy and it other major teaching hospital . ample aid the agreement "define and reinforce our institutional relationhip with the Erie County Medical Center and generally defines the ground rules by which we pur ue our hared goals. "ECMC is a major participant in our Medical School's research and educa- PRING I �Hospital ews & People 2 tional activitie . The new agreement will h Ip the school fulfill it goal , particular­ ly in the field of medicine, p ychiarry, trauma, and rehabilitation medicine." ullivan , chairman of the ECMC board of manager , indicated chat he is plea ed with the agreement , which he aid, "replace one that i badly out of date ." The new affiliation agreement, he aid, "more accurately reflect our current rela­ tion hip and de ignates the medical center a a major academic center for reimbur ement purpo e ." Erie County Executive Dennis Gor ki noted that under the term of the up­ dated agreement, the ho pita! will iden­ tify pace used by the Univer ity ex­ clu ively for re earch and teaching ac­ tivitie and UB will reimbur e the ho pital for each u e. "We expect," he aid, "that in 19 alone, Erie County edical Center will realize additional income of 750,000a a re ult of the term of the new affiliation agreement." • Deaconess changes name to reflect new mission K nown for more than 90 year a the Deaconess Ho pita! of Buf­ falo, the health care facility lo­ cated at 1001 Humboldt Parkway ha been officially renamed the Deacone s Center. Buffalo General Ho pita! has o crated Deacone s ince 1979 when the two facilities merged. Acute care ervice were di continued at Deacone sin 19 5. The facility wa licen ed a a hospital until la t year when it wa given the sole de ignation of" killed nur ing facility." In addition to the skilled nur ing facili­ ty, al o located at the Deacone Center ' PRING I are the Family Medicine Center, the lm­ med iate Treatment Center, and alcoholi m and dental clinic . On Riley Street aero from the Deacone s Center is the Family Planning Clinic. Thou and of per on visit che Family Medicine Center annually where UB re ident phy ician provide a comprehenive range of health care service . Vi its to the Immediate Treatment Center in 19 7 nearly doubled tho e for the previou year. The ITC is a walk-in unit open 65 day a year to care for patient requiring quick treatment for minor in­ juries and ailment . ince it founding in I 95, Deacone s ha undergone several name changes. E tabli hed as the German Deacone Ho pita!, it later was renamed the Deacone s Hospital and Home, and eventually, the Deacone Hospital of Buffalo. • Wil on Greatbatch , an adjunct profe or in electrical and computer engineering at UB, has been elected a member of the pre tig1ous ational Academy of Engineering for inven­ ting the fir t implantable human heart pacemaker. More than 1.5 million live have been av­ eelby the device ince it was invented in 1960. Greatbacch i president of Greatbatch Gen­ Aid Ltd. His mo t recent research project fo u on the field of immunology. • Robert Guthrie , M .D ., a UB scienri t in­ ternationally known for hi research in in­ born error of metaboli m, ha been named mterim president of the We tern ew York Chapter of Physician for ocial Responsibility. Guthrie, who is known for hi work in developing the PKU test for newborns which is used throughout the world, replaces Tim Byer , M.D., a UB faculty member who has moved to ew exico. The group is compo ed of physicians and ochers who aim to educate the public about the importance of reducing the threat of nuclear war. • Marvin I. Her z, M .D., professor and chair­ man of UB' Department of P ychiatry, i the recipient of the American P ychiatric Association' third annual Psychiatric In­ stitute of America Foundation Ho pica! Re earch Award. The honor wa bestowed for Herz' our­ randing contributions in hospital p ychiatry research. The award wa o be pre ented during the American Psychiatric sociation' annual meeting May 7-13 in Montreal. • Franci Klock e, professor of medicine and phy iology, and president of the American College of Cardiology, was recognized a the "Heart Per on of the Year" by the We tern ew York Chapter of the ew York tare Af­ filiate of the American Heart Association at February' Annual Heart Ball. • John aughton , vice pre idem for clinical affairs and dean of the chool of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, was recognized a the Person of the Yearin Medicine by the a­ rional Confe rence of Christians and Jew , Buffalo and Erie County Chapter. • amuel Shatkin , D.D . ., M.D. , clinical associate professor of urgery, wa recently elected to fellow hip in the American Academy of pediatrics. hatkin ha been elected a Pia tic urgery Fellow of the academy. • Erratum T he name of the Department of P ychiatry will remain the ame. After di cu sion, it was decided not to change the name to the Department of P ychiatry and Behavioral Science . The matter wa incorrectly reported in the late winter 19 edition of the Buffalo Physicianand Biomedical ienci.sc. We regret the error. • B FFAI.OPHY. I lAN A D BIOMEDI L IE1'"1b 1 �29 Mar e k Zaleski ZALESKI HONORED FOR TRANSLATION OF POLISHBOOK U B microbiologi t Marek Zaleski, M.D., Ph.D., ha been honored for arxism & his translation of Christianity:the Quarrel and the Dialoguein Polandby Jozef Tischner, the piritual leader of Solidarity. Zale ki was honored along with co­ tran lator Benjamin Fiore, .J.,of Cani ius College. The UB profe or, who left his native Poland in 1969, is u ed to his role a a tran lator. In December, he a isted UB radio station WBFO with telephone interview to Lech Walesa which were sub equemly BUFFALOPHYSIC !A, AND BIOMEDICALSCIE1''TIST rebroadca t to Poland via Radio Free Europe. La t year, he helped tran late into Engli h Lech Wale a' autobiography, Lech Walesa: A Wayof Hope,publi hed by Henry Holt Co. lnc. In 19 4, he and Fiore translated for Harper Row Jozef Ti chner' collected er• mon , piric of olidarity. Ti chner's late t work, translated by the Buffalo educator , devote 164 pages co the original manu cript of the priest-philosopher. The Poli h version was published in 19 I by the French publi hing house, Editions potkama. An additional 62 pages by Zaleski and Fiore provide detailed foomoces to explain portions of Ti chner' text, including event , in idem and people familiar to the Poli h reader but perhaps le o to the American. Ti chner, in hi late t book, writes that dialogue i po ible between the Communi ts and Catholic of Poland. Further, he detail the hiscory of their relation hip ince the end of World War ll and the indicators which ug­ ge t dialogue may be kept con tructive and reali tic. The Engli h version of the book wa publi hed in February by Georgetown Univer iry Press. • PRll·c JQ , �BIRTHDEfE(TSThe bestcureis prevention,says geneticist JO ((Last By CLARE O'SHEA !'IU,'G I week I aw a woman who_ wa poor and didn't have a doctor; he wa drinking half a fifth of gin a day, and he was pregnant. That lady i a walking time bomb. he might have d.t.'s if he comes into the ho pital. And she has a 50 per cent ri k of having a baby with a birth defect or mental retardation." Luther K. Robin on, Jr., a i tant pro­ fe r of pediatric at B, treat uch pa­ tient all the time. But one of hi goal as director of Clinical Genetic and Dy morphology at Children' Ho pita! i to help top uch cragedie from happen­ ing. Through information. "I would like to ee a better informed populace," Robin on said. "There are creative ways of providing information that may relate co better health habit for people who may not go co doctor . We need co think of tho e ways. That's one of my challenge ." The clergy, Robinson added, might be "unrecognized allie " in the di emina­ cion of important health information. A a dy morphologi c, Robin on tudie birch defect . He came co Buffalo lase ummer from the Univer icy of Texas Medical chool at Hou ton, where he was assi rant professor of pediatrics and director of the March of Dime Birth Di abilitie Center. Here at UB and Children' Ho pita!, he has three roles: physician, teacher, and re earcher . The physician role take Robin on from the bed ide of children with birth defect such a neurofibromaco i , ickle cell anemia, or cy tic fibrosi , co their familie , whom he evaluate for po ible genetic contribution to tho e birth defect . A little boy goes home after an opera­ tion, for example, and oon after ha blood in hi urine. He i diagno ed a having malignant hyperthermia, com­ monly referred co as MH. Robinson ce cs the boy's mother and find chat he, coo, i predi po ed to MH. With chat infor­ mation, the mother now know chat he and her son will need co cake dantrolene before undergoing any type of urgery in B ' FFAlO PHY ·1 IAl . A1'D BIOMEDICAL IE, :ilST �31 BUFFALOPHYSICIA, AND Bl MEDICALSCIENTIST �Medical chool 1 32 order to avo id ide effect uch as mu · de cramps, fever (hyperthermia), or acido is. "In addi t ion to the clinica l service I do, I am a teacher; Robinson aid. "le i im• portant o me that I can teach tudenc , phy ician -in-training, and practicing phy ician thing that I kn w may im­ portant to their daily pra tice of medicine." R ews but mothers read chi sensational infor­ mation in rhe lay literature and have seriou que tion ." T he divi ion of genetic , located in a red brick h u e next to Children' Ho pica!, receive many con erned call every w k, fr quently from mothers anxiou about che effect of rheir behavior or health habit on their babie . The e call are taken by the generic raff, which include three coun elor . obin on' re earch work, like hi job, i multifaceted. Fir r, there i the clinical delineation of birch defect , which involve "evaluaring babie who have irth defect , trying co r cognize uh-population of individual with pecial kind of irch defect , and trying to identify way that tho e specialized birth defe ts arise," he explained. Recognizing new genetic di order and conveying such finding to the genetic community is another omponent of Robin on' researc h work. But the mo t difficult pare of hi re earch, according to Robinson, i the identification of teracogen , or harmful agents that an increase the ri k of birth defect in the developing human fetu . "For example, in 196 and then again in 1973, chroni prenatal exposure to alcohol wa hown co increa e the risk for birth defect and mental retardation in the human fetu ; Robin on aid. " ince then, there' been a con ern about whethe r binge drinking is also deleteriou co the developing baby. You would think that ince alcohol or it by-products cro the pla enca and gain acce ro the baby, three or fou r day of binge drinking could be deleteriou . ome pre cription "They take information (on} the nature medication cro the placenta and have and gestational timing of chc expo ure, harmful effect on the deve loping baby, and any kind of familial ri k that may and we're concerned about chose a well." interplay with the expo ure and incr a e Reports on putative teratogen need th liability for birth defect ," Robin on aid. "We review all the information a al o to be tested, Robin on added. well a any p rtinent current literature, "'Weu ed co think that oral contracep­ tive , for example, dramatically increa ed then call the woman back and end a let­ che ri ks for cardiac defects. But ub e­ ter to her and her doctor." The gen tic division ha immediate quenc view have sugge ted that that relation hip wa made in error, that oral acce to ceracogen databases, uch a contraceptive may not increase the risk . that maintained by the Reproductive Toxicology Center in Wa hington, D.C., Lot of babie ar conceived while their mother a e taking oral contraceptive , thank to the recent addition of com- "Families are oftentimes not so concerned that ou have a name for the baby's condition but about real family issues: 'Ism child going to be retarded?Is m child going to die?' " ~PRING I purer equipment funded in part by the tare Health Department. If appropriate the pregnant woman and her family are brought in for con­ sultation. Later, che baby is brought in for a follow-up examination. "Fortunately, most of the expo ure are not harmful," Robin on said. "A lot of women worry about conceiving \ hile taking oral contraceptive , they worry about taking a pirin or antibiotic dur­ ing pregnancy, they worry about fever and pregnancy. We know rhat high maternal fever {104degree or more) can incr a e the ri k for birch defect , but itting in a jacuzzi may not be a problem. We get lots of life tyle kind of call ." T here are a out 3,000 known genetic di order , according co Robin on. Among the mo t common of di order he treat at Children' , he aid, are Down' yndrome, fetal alcohol yn­ drome, and defects related to the central nervous y tern. Once a baby i diagno ed with a pecific birth defect, the parents will need special coun cling. Family members may have to be evaluated for po sible predi o ition to the di order; they al o may need he lp in under randing and ac­ cepting the whole situation. "They're oftentime not o concerned chat you have a name for the baby' con­ dition but about real family i ue : 'ls my child going to be retarded? I my child going to die?' "When a family has a child with a birth di ability, there' a denial proce : 'What the doctor i telling me isn't really true, it' the wrong diagno i or the wrong baby;" Robinson continued . "Then there's the anger: 'The e guy are crazy and I hate them all: And the guilt: 'who e ide of che family did it come from?' n Regardle of whether the baby ha spina bifida or i born prematurely, the family will be asking similar que cions, Robin on aid. "lf the baby de liver at 2 week ge ta• tion, and instead of being delivered out of urburban memorial ho pita) he' now at the Chi! ren' Hospital hook d up to BL'FFAID PHYSICIAN A , 'D BIOMEDICA L SCIE~"TIST �Medical chool ~ ews "The rapid explo ion in technology contra t with a mailer gain in 33 under tanding in term of per onal, ocietal, and cultural concern ," he aid. "We have che ability to detect di ea e now before the per on ever even ha it; we can ay, 'At age 40 co 50, you're going co come down with a di ease: Jc' exciting chat we have the technology to do that, but there' al o a re pon ibility to pro­ vide chat information in a way chat i upportive (of the per on who receive ic). " ow, people wane co di cu thing , they want to be informed. And doctor have co be able to communicate with their patient in a true relationship rather than (continue) the unequal kind of ic­ uacion chat has gone on in the past." • International meeting on immunology set by Witebsky Center ''I Luther K. Robin on, Jr. all the e monitor , it' the ame proce : 'What did we do wrong? Thi can't be happening co u : • B e ide providing progno i and recur­ rence ri k counseling to familie , the genetic taff ha taken an exrra step in­ to the community with the Genetic Con rtium. The con rtium meet with member of variou advocacy group that bring together people afflicted with or in­ cere ted in pecific genetic di order or di abilitie . Down' yndrome, neurofi­ bromato i , cy tic fibro i , and cleft lip are among the di order repre ented by local group . "Many cime parent gee che impre ion from talking co ocher members of che healch care team that their child' con­ dition i rare," Robin on aid. "And 'rare' gee cran laced into 'freak of nature: 'unusual; 'nobody in Western ew York or the world ha ic: We cry co get people with rare di order talking co ocher peo­ ple who might be imilarly affected or have common need ." The very exi cence of uch upporc group indicate greater communication among phy ician , patient and their familie , and che general community. Ac the same cime, technological ad­ vancement have made identification of birth di order and potential ceratogen ea ier co pin down, under cand, and publicize. Bue there are till genetic i ues chat need to be addre ed, Robinon empha ized. mmunology and lmmunopathology of the Alimentary Canal" will be the theme of the 11th International Con­ vocation on Immunology ponsored by UB' Erne t Witeb ky Center for Immunology from June 12 tO 16. The convocation, which will be held at the Buffalo Hyatt Regency Hotel, will feature some 35 scienti t from around the world and include topic uch as: ■ Ba ic immunologic consideration , in­ cluding immunologically re pon ive ti ue cell of gingiva, tonsil , Peyer' patche , and liver. ■ lmmunopathologic condition , with empha is on periodontal di ea e, heparin , and liver ho t respon e to metasta es. ■ utritional effect on the immune re ponse including milk and protein-losing vaccine. Thoma E. tarzl, widely known for hi work in human organ rran plantation, of Pittsburgh, Pa., will present the Ernest Witeb­ ky Memorial Lecture on June 15 during the convocation. peaker at prcviou convocation have in­ cluded internationally known demist who e experti e lie in vanou areas related to immunology. Each convocatton focu upon a particular theme which would be of interest to demi t as well a clinicians. • PRJ),,;GJq BUFFALOPHYSICIA A ·o 81 MEDICALSCIENTl!,T �34 25 ATTEND1STMEETINGOF JAMESWHITE SOCIETY T wenty-five members of the James Platt White Society, a group of ma­ jor annual contributor to the School of Medicine and Biomedical Science , attended the second annual meeting of the Society on October 23, 19 7. Held in the Roswell Park Room of the new­ ly renovated Health cience Library on the Mam Street Campus, the meeting was opened by Dean John aughton who ex­ plained the School' selectivesprogram. Then, members ac in on a team-caught selective seminar on ethical dimen ions in medicine taught by teven Wear, Ph.D., clinical a i · cant professor of medicine and assistant pro­ fessor of philosophy, and Jame Bono, Ph.D., in tructor in medicine and adjunct assistant professor of comparative literature. The two instructor were a isted by con ultant Jack Freer, M.D., clinical assi rant profe sor of medicine, and Ellen Weis man, J.D., who dealt with medical/legal i ues. Member of the ociery participated along with rudent and faculty in the eminar discu sions. Also during the meeting, Dr. Marvin Kurian, secretary of the Buffalo urgical Society, presented historical memorabilia from the Society for display in the Academy of Medicine Room in the Health Science Library. PR!lsG I Society member toured both the Medical School and the Health iences Library, then rode the Buffalo rapid transit line to the Marine Midland Center, downtown, for a reception and dinner in the 3 th floor din­ ing room. The dean, faculty members, and representative of the UB Foundation also attended. Each member of the Society was presented with a Jefferson pewter cup a a memento of the meeting. The James Platt White Society is named for one of the founders of the School of edicine who was in private practice in Buffalo for over 40 year (1 35-1 75). A founder of the American Gynecological ociety and one of the founders of several Buffalo hospitals he made important contribution to the prac­ tice and teaching of ob tetric . • University at Buffalo School of Medicine Alumni Directory F (Above) Dr. Kurian (left) and Dean aughton. (Below) Guest , tudents, and faculty mingle at coffee break. inding a former classmate can be ju t like looking for che proverbial "needle in a hay tack.• But not anymore. Soon an impr ive directory of our great alumni/ae wilt be available to help you locate your old friends. The University at Buffalo chool of Medicine Alumni Directory, scheduled for release in May/June 9, will be the most up-co-date and complete reference on over 4,500 chool of Medicine alum­ ni ever compiled! Thi comprehen ive volume will include current name, ad­ d~ and phone number, academic data, plu bu iness information, bound into a cla ic, library-quality edition. Your Alumni A ociation has con­ tracted the Bernard C. Harri Pubh hing Company, Inc. to produce our Directory. Harri will soon begin re earchmg and compiling the information co be printed m the Directory by mailing a question­ naire to each alumnu /a. The Univer ity at Buffalo chool of Medicine Alumni Directory will soon make finding a School of Medicine alumnu /a a easy a opening a book. Look for more detail on the project in future t sues of the Buffalo Physician. BUFFA PHYSICIAN AlsD Bl MEDICAL SCIENTI T �Classnotes 35 Jerome Ka.ssirer (M'57 ) 1940s Arthur J. chaefer (M '47) • has been elected president of the American Society of Ophthalmic Pia tic and Reconstructive Surgery for 19 . Dr. Schaefer is chief of ophthalmic plastic and recon tructive urgery at the Erie County Medical Center and chief of ophthalmology at ister of Charity Ho pita! and t. Jo eph's lntercommunicy Ho pital. 1950s · Robert inclair (M'55) • wa an honor graduate of the 3rd Marine Divi ion Atomic, Biological, and Chemical Warfare Defense chool. Hi cla wa made up of officer serving with all Marine Corps unit in the Far Eat. Arthur Klass (M'56) • authored chapters on laser in &astroenterology in SurgicalLasers: A Clinical Guide, publi hed by Macmillian in 1987. Dr. Klas , whow as recently elected co fellow hip in the American Col­ lege of Physicians, is chief of the GJ Endoscopy Unit at Sinai Hospital, Detroit. Jerome Ka irer (M '57 ) • of Weston, Mas ., has been named ara Murray Jordan Professor of Medicine at Tuft Univer icy. Dr. Kassirer, a n internationally known internist and kidney speciali t, i an a ociace chair­ man of medicine at Tufts and associate physician-in-chief at the ew England Medical Center. He i recognized as one of the leading investigator in two young field - clinical decision analy is and cognitive cience as applied to medicine. Dr. Ka irer erves as a ational Member of the Gover­ ning Board of the Medical Alum ­ ni Association. 1960s Thomas J. Guttuso (M'60 ) • has been named assistant dean at the UB chool of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. He will also continue his role as director of medical school admis ion . John E. hield (M'68) • a speciali t in internal medicine and gastroemerology, was recently named medical director of the Seafield Alcohol Treatment Center in We thampcon Beach, .Y. IIUFFALOPHY ICIAN A D BIOMEDICALSC!Els'TIST Thomas ]. Guttuso (M'60) 1970s Thomas V. Krulisky (M ' 70 ) • of Lo Angeles was inducted a a Fellow of the American Psychia­ tric A ociarion. John E. Billi (M'77) • i medical director ofM-CARE and assistant dean for clinical affairs at the Univer icy of Michigan edical Center, Ann Arbor. Ronald A. Vidal (M '77 ) • a pecialist in otolaryngology, was elected ro fellowship in the American College of urgeons. Dr. Vidal is in private practice in Clinton, Iowa. Jame Reynold (M'78) • ha been named head of the Depart ­ ment of Ophthalmology at Children's Ho pita! ofBuffalo. He is the author of numerou publicarions, and serves as the ophthalmology editor of Healch­ net Computer Information Serv• ice, a ubsidiary of The Source, CompuServe, and Delphi. Michael L. Wolff (M'78) • an assistant professor of medicine at Albany Medical College, received the 19 7 Albert H. Dougla Memorial Award for Excellence in clinical reaching from the Medical Society of the tare of ew York. Dr. Wolff wa recently elected a fellow of the American College of Physicians. Dr. Wolff, his wife, Linda, and their children: Leah, 7; Aa ron, 4; and Eve, 11/z, reside in Ca tleron, .Y. Peter J. Jederlinic (M'79) • write that he i now an assistant professor of pulmonary and occu­ pational medicine at the Univerity of Ma achu etc . Hi wife, 1980s Je sica Rockwell (M '82) , is an endocrine fellow at Beth I rael Hospital in Bo con. " icole, age J l/z, and Alex, age 11/z, are our finest accompli hmems!" Richard A . mith (M' 1) • i chief of taff and director of laboratories at St. Francis Hospital in Buffalo. Dr. Smith is an assistant clinical professor of pathology and anatomy at UB. Manual aint Martin (M'82) • writes, "finishing up Juris Doc­ ror Degree at Southwestern Uni­ versity Law School in Los Angeles, California. Will start practice in Medico-legal con­ sultation for lawyer and doctors this ummer.• SPRING I �Events 36 MEDICINE AND THE ARTS W hen a physician ha mething co ay, he may ay it in a ien­ tific journal. Or, he may ay it with a era hing ere cendo on the piano. r in a poem. r with the vibrant hue of a photo. The multifaceted quality of health care profe. i nal will be the focu of a day­ long ympo ium on Medicine and the Arts in Buffalo et for aturday, June 4 in the Health cience Library. Ir i cheduled to la t from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Pre ented by the Health ciencc Library at B and the Friend of the H L, it will h w a e ·ome local health care profe ional who have dabbled in such media a writing, mu ic, phor graphy, painting,. rained gla , and even art lie ting. It'll also how the ignificanc role health and medicine play in our ulrure, a· reflected in arr. William Carlo \Xlilliam , the famed poet who wa a pra ricing physician, will be the topic of the keynote peech. Keynote peaker will be Kathryn Montgomery Hunter, Ph.D., of the hoof of Medicine at the niver i­ cy of Ro he ter. The moderator for the event will be Alan J. Drinnan, M.O., D.D. ., chairman of oral medicine at B. For re ervarions and information, call ancy Fabrizio in the Health cience Library at 31-240 . • Bl'FFALO rHY~I IAN A1'D Bl MEDI Al SCIE1'1L T �LET US HEAR FROM YOU I want to keep in touch with my classmates. Here is my news for the Classnotes section. ame Addrc Cicy, tatc, Z,p Telephone Ocgrtt , Year Other Program/Yea r Completed Position or title lnsmucion cw: D Clt«k 1fntw addrru �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. 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Copyright 1988 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/46066fc3272c8d2f90d5df97dd93f3ce.pdf 8ee18efe4a1a4b909a293a88518959fe PDF Text Text p VCXUME 21, H y s c UMBER 3 A N AUTUM ''87 UB Medical Students in the spotlight �BUFFAID PHYSICIAN Dean' s Message STAFF EXECUTIVE EDITOR U IVER ITI PL BU ATIC R bert T M rl tt EDITl~ Bruce ART DIRECTOR Alan J K ler ASSISTA T ESI Rebecc Her ld ER PHOTOGRAPHY Phyl!t Clm r p er Doug! Le, re Frank Luterek Ed wak ADVISORY BOARD Dr. J hn au h n Cluumu.m Dr Har ld Brod Mr. Kevm Cra1g M . Karen Dr))a M n Glteco Dr. Jame Kan kt M . Man n Manonow k1 Dr Dame[ Morell1 Dr. Charles Paganellt Mr. James Ph1lltps Mr. John Pul!t Dr. R bert Sche1g Mr. M1ke Shaw Mr. Steve hivm k) Mr. Raul Velasquez Dr. Mary Voorhess Dr. John Wnghr Dr. Magg1e Wnght Dr. Franklm Zeplowm Dr. Joseph Zm1, Jr. TEACHING HOSPITALS Buffalo General Ch1ldren's Ene County Med1cal Center Mercy M11lard F11lmore Ro well Park Memonallnsutute S1sters of Chanry Veterans Adrmm tration Med1cal Center Produced by !he DiVISron of L nwers11y Relatrons m assoaarron u.uh !he School of Medicine, State Unwerstty of New York at Buffalo. THE BUFFALO PHYSICIA ' (USPS 551-860) Autumn 1987, Volume 21 , umber 3. Pubhshed ftve nmes annually: Late Wmter, pnng, Summer, Fall and Early Wmter - by the School of Medicine, State UmverSltV of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Mam Street, Buffalo, New York 14214. Tiurd class bulk postage paid at Buffalo, ew York. Send address changes to THE BUFFALO PHYSI· ClAN, 139 Cary Hall, 3435 Mam Street, Buffalo, New York 14214. D ear Friends of the School of Medicine: Last June I presented a talk on "The Reprofessionalization of Medicine." While preparing my remarks, I was struck by the fact that as we struggle to cope with the many changes that are occurting in medical education and medical practice, we are faced with the challenge of returning to the fundamentals. For example, I have viewed the dramatic impact that changes in the financing of health care and new malpractice legislation have fostered. It is clear that constructive adaptations to these changes will require our recommitment to those values and concepts that our forefathers identified as intrinsic to the practice of medicine. amely, we must: (1) be willing and able to maintain our professional values and attitudes in the care of all patients regardless of their socioeconomic backgrounds; (2) strengthen our values of compassion for and our dedication to the needs of patients and society; and (3) remember that physicians are primarily servants of the needy and the ill, and that we must help them attain the highest quality of life possible. Clearly, physicians will participate actively and meaningfully in the evaluative process through Quality Assurance Committees, but will no longer be the sole reviewers and judges of performance. Thus, we will feel more and more uncomfortable if we are not committed totally to the goals and objectives which have been intrinsic to the profession for centuries. Sincerely, John Naughton, M.D. Vice President far Clinical Affairs Dean, School of Medicine A Message From The Medical Alumni President A t the request of an alumnus at a past annual meeting of the Alumni Association at Spring Clinical Day, your governing board investigated the suggestion that there should be a new "Life Membership" dues category, as well as annual dues. Much thought and effort was expended on this and last spring such a recommendation was approved at the annual alumni meeting. Life Membership now exists in many of the Medical School Alumni Associations across the counrry. This category will consist of a one time dues payment of$500.00, which entitles the alumnus to continuous membership throughout his or her lifetime. No yearly dues statements will be welcome to many. An appropriate Life Membership certificate will be sent to you, which we hope you will display with pride. We encourage you to avail yourself of this new category, if possible, but remind you that annual dues remain the backbone of your alumni association. You will hear more about this in the Newsletter, which will accompany your alumni dues bill in a few weeks. To all of you who will attend the American College of Surgeons meeting in San Francisco, please mark your calendar so that you can attend the UB Alumni Reception in conjunction with the Department of Surgery, on Wednesday, October 14, at the Westin St. Francis Hotel, 6:30 to 8:00 PM, in the Elizabethan Room D. We invite all UB alumni and former housestaff who are now in the San Francisco area to join us at the reception. Once again remember the 1st weekend in May, 1988, "Spring Clinical Day & Reunion Weekend," so that all of you having 5-year reunions beginning with the C lass of 1983 will plan to attend. Sincerely, Franklin Zeplowit:z;, M .D.'58 �----- -------- ~ BUFE p H CONTENTS Exceptional Achievers. As if medical students didn't have enough to do with just their classes to concentrate on, many here at UB have been stretching themselves even further, becoming involved in research presentations, being elected to positions of national leadership, initiating their own educational programs, and receiving major awards. Articles on pages 2-9 tell the story. 1 The Buffalo Medical Journal. When that publication ceased to exist in 1919, few medical journals extant on the American continent surpassed it in age. For 74 years, it recorded the principal medical events in Western New York as well as general currents in American medical thought and society. 1 The Enigma of Eating Disorders. Back in the 1950s, society told adolescent girls that if they remained virgins, they would marry well and live the good life. But 30 years and a sexual revolution later, young women now see thinness as the key to success and happiness. MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS • 13 A second me- HOSPITAL NEWS • 24 CLASSNOTES • 34 morial service is held for body donors. "We Made It, " the Class of 1987 sighs at commencement. Dr. Guthrie wins the Chancellor's Medal. Recent donations make possible scholarships and awards. Annual Faculty Meeting brings honors and prizes. ALUMNI • 26 Spring Clinical Day focuses on "Things that go wrong in the summer." Class reunion photos. Dr. Zeplowitz elected Alumni Association president. DEATHS • 36 �2 They 're involved in research, being elected to national leadership positions, starting their own educational programs, and winning awards Exceptional Achievers BY KATHLEEN RIGA A s if medical students didn't have enough to do with just their classes to concentrate on, many here at UB have been stretching themselves even further, becoming involved in research presentations, being elected to positions of national leadership, initiating their own educational programs, and receiving major awards (see accompanying article). UB medical students have distinguished themselves by being prominent at research forums throughout the country. Laura Post (then a senior, now an M.D.), seniors Helen and Andrew Cappuccino, and juniors Geoffrey Seidel and Stuart Varon presented their research at the Eastern Student Research Forum, hosted by the University of Miami School of Medicine in March. Post's research, for example, examined biochemical evidence that sea urchin hatching enzyme is a chymotrypsin-like proteinase. She worked under Dr. Herbert Schue!, associate professor of anatomy. Seidel's research under Dr. James Williams, clinical professor of surgery, compared malignant and nonmalignant disease and the outcome of color resections. Helen and Andrew Cappuccino, with Dr. Zale Bernstein, clinical instructor of medicine, looked at the AUTUM '87 effect on platelet aggregation of serum from patients with HIV-associated ITP. Varon's research on garlic is profiled in an accompanying article. Post and the Cappuccinos, along with junior Carlos Jaen, made presentations at the National Student Research Forum in Galveston, Texas, in April. No other med- r=;;;:::=!i;;;_;;;·;~::4~~=Jr I <\uard for r tentWll BUFFAID I PHYSICI AN I ical school was represented by more students at either this or the Eastern Student Research Forum. Jaen also participated in the Society of Behavioral Medicine Convention in March in Washington, D.C., while sophomore Louis LoBalsamo was the sole UB representative when he presented his research to the International Society for Heart Transplantation in March, in New Orleans. Jeffrey Young, now graduated, presented findings at the Associated Medical Schools of New York meeting last May. LoBalsamo and Dr. Jacob Bergsland, assistant professor in surgery, explored ways to prevent damage to transplanted hearts from oxygen radicals, which result from reperfusion of the heart. The effectiveness of alternative self-help smoking cessation manuals was compared by Jaen under the direction of Dr. K. Michael Cummings, research assistant professor in social and preventive medicine. Lastly, Young examined vascular responses to exercise in long term diabetics, under Dr. David Pende rgast, associate professor of physiology. Senior Lisa Benson has chosen to get involved in organizational activity. She is highly visible as the national student coordinator for the American Medical Women's Association (AMWA). Dr. Post �- -----~ - - -- 3 was not only involved with research, but she also was elected to the position of liaison from the American Medical Student Association (AMSA) to the American Psychiatric Association (APA). As liaison, she was given the opportunity to provide the APA with the medical student perspective. Other very active students are Norinder Bhalla, Polity president, and Katherine O'Leary who is editor of the Northeast Region Newsletter for AAMC's Organization of Student Representatives. In a similar position is sophomore Joan Murray, who was elected as a liaison between AMSA and the Student National Medical Association (SNMA). Her primary task is to increase the involvement of members of SNMA with AMSA. W hat motivates medical students to undertake research or leadership positions when coursework already consumes their lives? It seems to be summed up in two words, commitment and priorities. "Ifl don't make the changes, no one else will," states Joan Murray. "In my liaison position, I can represent minority goals and also represent the goals of the medical profession. After all, they're both the same, to attain the best possible health care system." For Louis LoBalsamo, his goal of conducting research while going for his M.D. is easily explained. "I went through college and got straight 1\s. When I entered medical school, I wanted a challenge beyond just getting good grades. I wanted something new and refreshing." For him, research was that challenge. Lisa Benson, national student coordinator for AMWA, agrees with Murray and LoBalsamo. She is committed to making a difference in her field while she is still a BUFFAID I P H YSICI AN I student, not just after she is established in her career. As for priorities, she feels that, "Just to exist, sleep, and study are not enough; good grades are not enough." So now she plays a nationally prominent role. Wanting to do it, and actually doing it, are two different things, however. Ms. Benson says, "If you're efficient, you can make time for community service." Ms. Murray attends out-of-town meetings by doing her studies ahead of time and trying to get time off in advance by arranging exam schedules. The Cappuccinos and Mr. LoBalsamo do their research on weekends and part-time after school. Also, a summer research fellowship enabled LoBalsamo to do research fulltime for ten weeks before resuming to classes this fall. Ms. Benson admits there have been conflicts. "I overcame those conflicts with the support of the administration. Without AUTUM '87 �4 the support of people like Dr. Glenda Donoghue and Associate Dean Peter Ostrow, I could not have made the necessary arrangements for alternate exam times and schedules that made it possible for me to attend national meetings," she comments. "They said, 'What she is doing is important for the school, not just for herself.' " EXCEPTIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS B esides research and national leaderhip positions, other students have initiated educational programs. Lisa Benson and junior Sharon Ziegler are the driving force behind the studentinitiated Anti-Smoking Task Force. The program was modelled after an anti-smoking education program organized by Doctor Oughta Care (DOC) at the University of Virginia Medical School. It is intended to educate youths in order to discourage them from smoking. Approximately 70 first- and second-year medical tudents compri e the "student brigades," which go to Buffalo-area junior high school with elaborate presentations. Their focus is on tobacco advertising, and for this they make use of a slide show put together by DOC. According to Ziegler, the response after approximately 30 presentation "ha been wonderful. It's effective because the kids haven't heard about the ads yet." The UB task force is the first such student-initiated program in ew York State. Directing their teaching toward their peer are everal other medical students, who have taken the initiative to organize classes in such diverse areas as sign language, medical Spanish, and CPR training. The UB School of Medicine does not offer a CPR course until the end of the sophomore year. Juniors (then sophomores) Jim Meisel and Steven Samuels, believing it is important for freshman and sophomore medical students to also have basic skills in CPR, decided to organize an extracurricular CPR program for first-year students. Meisel and Samuels began the program last year and continued it through the year, working in conjunction with the Buffalo Red Cross and the UB student-run AUTUM '87 IBY BRUCE s. KERSHNER I "Exceptional achievement" is the only way to describe the academic performance of UB's medical students during the 1986-1987 year. Numerous medical students have won nationally competitive fellowships and prizes, double the number attained last year. For example, UB students were awarded three of the 30 SmithKline Beckman Medical Perspectives Awards granted nationally; usually, only one is given for each medical school. One Howard Hughes Fellowship went to UB out of two dozen nationally, while an HSS-sponsored Secretary's Award for Innovations in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, out of only a handful nationwide, was awarded to a UB student. Furthermore, UB medical students won four different awards that are given to only five to seven recipients nationwide; these are fellowships from the American Urological Association, Alpha Omega Alpha, and the Society of Nuclear Medicine, as well as the ]ames Ewing and the Surgical Oncology Fellowships. Major Recognitions and Fellowships Received By UB Medical Students Award Student Comment Lisa Benson ational leadership position AMSNSNMA Liaison Joan Murray Liaison between two national medical student a sociations AMSNAmer. Psychiatric Assoc. Liaison Laura Post ational Student Coordinator of American Medical Women's Association �5 Award Student Comment SmithKline Beckman Medical Perspectives Fellowship Sean Cao Myriam Daniel Carol Decosta Only 30 awarded nationally American Urological Association Fellowship Paula Sardler Only 5 awards nationally Society of uclear Medicine Fellowship Melissa Katz Six awards nationally Alpha Omega Alpha Fellowship Jean-Christopher Biebuyck Seven awards nationally James Ewing Surgical Oncology Fellowship Gary Croghan Seven awards nationally American Academy of Allergy & Immunology Craig 15-20 nationally Howard Hughes Fellowship Ahron Friedberg arins Carlos Jaen The Secretary's Award for Innovations in Health Promotion & Disease Prevention Second Prize, N.Y. State Easter Seals Jean-Christopher Biebuyck NCIINIH Summer Research Fellowship Saba Saleh 25 nationally for NIH research H.S.S. sponsored For essay Commencement Honors Baccelli Award Richard Scarfone Most outstanding academic performance in the clinical years Robin M. Bannerman Memorial Research Award Laura Post Most meritorious research in biomedical science initiated in the Summer Fellowship Program Gilbert M. Beck Memorial Prize in Psychiatry Curt Pinchuck Sabrina Popp Academic excellence in Psychiatry Buffalo Surgical Society Prize in Surgery John Griswold Academic excellence - junior, senior years Dr. Cyrenius Chapin Award Michael Apostolakos Dolores Leonard Deborah Shalders Achievement in clinical sciences Children's Hospital Prize Richard Scarfone Excellence in understanding disease in childhood Dean's Award Alan Beitler Participation in extracurricular activities in Medical School while maintaining a high standard of academic excellence Gordon S. Ehrlich Award Bonnie Orzech Demonstration of significant understanding of childhood disease Dr. Austin Flint Awards Steven Kassman Gretchen Pankow David Rosenblum Achievement in basic sciences BUFFAID IPHVSICI AN I Baird Point Ambulance Corps. According to Meisel, "We tapped into Baird Point's continuously-running CPR course offered on Sundays." The program was overseen by Or. Michael Adragna, clinical professor of anesthesiology. Upon completion of three sessions of training, students received certification in CPR. All members of the University community are welcome to participate in the training, for which they must pay a nominal fee. ext year, Meisel and Samuels would like to establish workshops in basic first aid for freshmen and sophomores. Certification in CPR would be a prerequisite for the program. However, Meisel says, "We are only in the planning stages right now." B ecause of the predicted skyrocketing of the Hispanic population of the United States in the near future, junior Carlos Jaen perceives a need for physicians to have some knowledge of Spanish. Jaen believes, "It is important for physicians to know basic Spanish to communicate basic things with their patients." This prompted Jaen, along with fellow juniors Mary Kennedy, Stuart Varon, and Victor Vega, to "An anti-smoking awareness program, an extracurricular CPR course for freshmen and sophomores, and a course in medical Spanish are among the educational programs initiated by students." organize a course in medical Spanish. Seventy-four freshmen and sophomores participated in the program, which consisted of weekly classes taught by the four founding students during the students' lunch break on Thursdays. For 20 minutes each week, the class was broken down into AUTUM '87 �6 several small groups, led by 16 tutors. Unfortunately, after the seventh lesson was completed, the course had to be cancelled. According to Jaen, "Things got crazy with exams and other commitments." Among those other commitments was a 1:00 psychiatry class which was moved from the South Campus to the Erie County Medical Center, making it impossible for students to attend both that class and the language lessons. Jaen says he and the other course organizers are looking to the future, however, and are currently in the planning process. "The interest is there," says Jaen, "Hopefully we can take the momentum we generated and incorporate it into a more structured class." One of the students taking the Spanish course was sophomore Virginia Robertson, who also somehow found the time to initiate her own course in sign language. The course developed out of Robertson's personal interest in learning sign language and her awareness that many of her classmates shared her interest. Thirty medical students participated in AUTUMN '87 Award Student Janet M. Glasgow Citations Gretchen Pankow Academic excellence Bonnie Orzech for women Jennifer Cadiz Deborah Shalders Leslie Mechanic-Rosenstein Bernhardt & Sophie B. Gottlieb Award Alan Beitler Expertise in areas outside of Medicine Norman Haber Memorial Award John Centonze For proficiency in otolaryngology Dr. Heinrich Leonhardt Prize in Surgery Brian McGrath Academic excellence in surgery Liberman Award Robert Cafarell Jeffrey Wasserman Interest, aptitude in the tudy of anesthesiology Hans J. Lowenstein Award in Obstetrics John Griswold Marci Krop Academic excellence Maimonides Medical Society Award Steven Domiano Most oustanding academic performance in the basic science years Medical Alumni Association Award Stephen Merry BUFFAID (P H YSICI AN I Comment Community" commitment �7 Award Student Comment G. Norris Miner Memorial Award Timothy Pitler Demonstration of outstanding clinical competence in family medicine David K. Miller Prize in Medicine Michael Kufka Demonstration of Or. Miller's approach in caring for the sickcompetence, humility, humanity Bernard H. Smith Memorial Award David Bernstein in Clinical eurology Gretchen Pankow Academic excellence in clinical neurology John R. Paine Award in Surgery Steven Kassman Research of merit in the general field of surgery Mark A. Petrino Award Deborah Shalders Demonstrated interest and aptitude for the general practice of medicine Clyde L. Randall Society Award in Gynecology-Obstetrics Douglas Katz Academic excellence Emilie Davis Rodenberg Memorial Award Andrew Plager Academic excellence in study of diabetes and its complications Philip P. Sang Memorial Award Gretchen Pankow Michael Rudnick Mary Smyth Abiliry to relate well to patients, faculty, and staff Morris & Sadie Stein euroanatomy Award Steven Oomiano Excellence in neuroanatomy Upjohn Award Thomas Smith Research ability John Watson Award in Medicine Jeffrey Young Enthusiasm for and commitment to scholarship in medicine E.J. Weisenheimer Award Michael Bartiss Excellence in scholarship and patient care in ophthalmology Frederick B. Wilkes Pediatric Award Alan Beitler To the graduating student entering a career in pediatrics who has best exemplified Dr. Wilkes' skills and dedication to patients the introductory course, learning fingerspelling and basic symbols for beginning communication in health-care settings with deaf patients. According to Robertson, the goal of the course was to enable the future doctors to "at least greet and ask basic questions, make them feel more at ease, and establish a rapport with them." The classes, funded by the Polity stu- "One of the students taking the Spanish course also somehow found time to start her awn course in sign language. The course developed out of her interest and her awareness that many other students shared that interest." dent organization, were conducted in cooperation with St. Mary's School for the Deaf. "It was a wonderful experience for us all," said Robertson. "It opened our eyes to the inherent problems in communication which can arise from working with deaf patients." She added, "The more we learned about the needs of the deaf, the more they sounded like everyday people, with more than just one thing to think about." Because of the success of the program and the incredibly positive feedback it has received from St. Mary's teachers and principal, Sister Virginia, Robertson hopes to organize further classes next year, including some at a higher level for those who already have some basic knowledge. Summing up how UB's medical students manage to find the time to take on ambitious projects, Joan Murray explains, "We find the time simply because it is important." • BUFFAID I PH Y SIC I AN I AUTUM '87 �8 Med student may be on the scent - literally of a new disease cure A UB medical student may be on the scent, literally, of a new disease cure - and the scent is garlic. Stuart Varon, third-year medical student, discovered that the ingredient that produces the distinctive odor of garlic is a potent killer of the intestinal parasite that causes amoebic dysentery. The disease infects about 400 million persons a year worldwide . His findings were published in the July issue of the Journal of Infectious Diseases. Varon and parasitologist David Mirelman of Israel's Weizmann Institute of Science showed for the first time that allicin is effective against dysentery amoeba (Entamoeba histolytica) in laboratory culture - and works as rapidly as the leading drug now used to control the parasite, metronidazole. Because of the widespread and long-standing use of garlic in food, it is assumably relatively nontoxic. Demonstration of this new pharmaceutic action of allicin could lead to the development of a new family of powerful antiamoebic drugs. Varon made the discovery during two months of research at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel, where he was participating in a research program. He returned to Israel this summer, this time to continue the research at the Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem. Varon, interestingly, was led to the discovery by an old - a very old - source. An orthodox Jew, he found a medical reference to garlic in the Talmud, a medieval Jewish Biblical commentary, while he was deepening his Jewish background during studies in Jerusalem in 1983. "Five things were said of garlic: it satiates; it keeps the body warm; it brightens the face; it increases semen; and it kills parasites in the bowels. " While in Israel, Varon examined the scientific literature to discover what was AUTUMN '87 BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER already known about the medicinal characteristics of garlic, and in particular allicin. His findings were very interesting. The active principle of the bulb had already been demonstrated by modern science to have antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor effects, as well as powers to prevent arteriosclerosis and to reduce sugar and lipids in the blood. Historical records of the therapeutic value of garlic also abound. However, there were no scientific demonstrations of the possible efficacy of allicin in combatting E. histolytica. Varon, a Long Island, . Y., native added that a drug company 40 years ago once even patented allicin but never started its mass production because it could not figure out how to get rid of the smell. According to Varon, his first contact with the use of garlic to relieve digestive troubles was the result of an accidental meeting in 1982 with a former Peace Corps volunteer. While in Africa, his acquaintance came down with an intestinal parasite and was treated there by a steady regimen of fresh garlic. T he aroma of garlic, wafted along by Varon's intellectual curiosity, soon arrived in the Israeli laboratory. Presented with all the exciting data, Prof. Mirelman put all the facilities of his laboratory to work on the problem with Varon. Using known laboratory procedures, garlic oil was extracted from quantities of crushed garlic, whose distinc- BUFFALO I PHYSIC IAN I tive odor became overfamiliar to researchers at the Institute's Department of Biophysics. From this crude mixture, allicin was isolated by standard preparative chromatography. Pure allicin, later shown to contain the entire antiamoebic activity of the garlic oil, irreversibly killed rapidly growing E. histolytica cultures at extremely low concentrations (30 ug/ml). Moreover, two other non-pathogenic members of the Entamoeba family were similarly inhibited. Because of allicin's instability, both its odor and its curative properties are strongest just after a clove of garlic is cut. Varon found that storage on a laboratory shelf for several days significantly reduced its antiamoebic action. That explained why dry garlic powder and garlic oil capsules (sold in health food stores) showed no antiamoebic action, even though those forms have been shown to be better than raw garlic in fighting other diseases. Varon, who cooks with garlic, notes that cooking also destroys the allicin. Fortunately, refrigeration or freezing does preserve its potency. "Because allicin has oxidizing properties," notes Prof. Mirelman, "we think that the substance is taken up by the amoeba and destroys sensitive sulfhydryl enzymes participating in energy transport in the organism. It has already been suggested that this mechanism may account for the known antibacterial and antifungal properties of this material." Varon feels there is a lot of promise in allicin because drugs presently used for Entamoeba infection sometimes have unpleasant and even serious side effects. The possibility of developing a new family of drugs based on allicin with low toxicity should attract wide attention. The other advantage of garlic is that it is widely used in some areas of the world where dysentery occurs. Its familiarity to the public may make it easier to adopt as a drug. • �9 BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN! AUTUM '87 �10 "For 74 years, from 1845 to 1919, it recorded the principal medical events of Western New York as well as general currents in American medical thought and society. " THE 'BUFFAID MEDICAL JOURN~ BY LILLI SENTZ History of Medicine Librarian Health Sciences Library SUNY at Buffalo (The Buffalo Medical Journal can be considered in some respects to be the spiritual ancestor of the Buffalo Physician. This fascinating history of the Journal is reprinted with permission from the Bulletin of the Medical Librarians Association, Vol. 73 (3) , july 1985.) W HEN THE Buffalo Medical journal ceased publication in 1919, few medical journals extant on the American continent surpassed it in age (1]. Founded in 1845 by Austin Flint, Sr., the journal recorded for 74 years the principal medical events in western New York as well as general currents in American medical thought and society. Historically, medical journalism has never been an easy venture. Of 120 such journals in the United States between 1820 and 1870, one-half were discontinued within six months to three years, and of those published in 1870 only 13 had existed more than ten years (2]. Like most of these journals, the Buffalo Medical Journal had chiefly a local circulation, but unlike most it succeeded in building a national reputation and in weathering crises that brought down similar publications. AUTUMN '87 The Journal actually went under five names during its 74-year history: Buffalo Medical] ournal and Monthly Review of Medical and Surgical Science (1845-60) , Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal and Reporter (1861-62), Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal (1862-95), and Buffalo Medical Journal (1895-1919). Volume 15, No. 1-13 has the running title: New York Monthly Review of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Buffalo Medical Journal, and it is listed as being absorbed by American Medical Monthly and New York Review in 1860. The journal resumed publication in Buffalo in 1861 as a new series. Fielding H. Garrison saw 19th-century medical journalism as flowing in three channels: periodicals recording the transactions of scientific and medical societies, periodicals devoted to original scientific work, and medico-social periodicals devoted in part to editorial opinion and current medical information [3]. At its peak the Buffalo Medical journal encompassed all three categories, leading Garrison in 1914 to mention it in the same breath as leading journals of Berlin, St. Petersburg, Boston, Bristol, Edinburgh, Dublin, and New Orleans [4]. BUFFAID 1PHVS1CIANI FOU DING A D PURPOSE The first issue of the Buffalo Medical Journal appeared in June 1845, and it was one of 94 such journals started in that decade alone [5]. In his introduction, Austin Flint, Sr., noted that the location of Buffalo made it ideally suited to the collection and diffusion of information, and to the exchange of views and opinions among members of the profession. Connected to the East through a network of canals and railroads and to the West through the Great Lakes, Buffalo was then a city of 30,000 inhabitants , with a medical community of 70 physicians. The following year saw the founding of the University of Buffalo and its medical department, an event in which Austin Flint, Sr., was also instrumental. The objectives of the Journal were to emphasize original communications, to keep subscribers informed about discoveries and improvements in the field of medicine, and to offer a medium for exchange of opinions [6] . During its 74 years of existence the Journal featured many important articles. The famous account by UB co-founder Austin �11 Lt. Col. William Warren Potter, assistant surgeon, 49th Regiment, N.Y. Volunteers , Journal editor from 1888 to 1911. Photo taken short after Civil War. Flint, Sr., from orth Boston in the county of Erie, on the true nature of typhoid fever was abstracted in the fourth issue of the Journal [7]. Many of Frank H. Hamilton's (another co-founder) articles on fractures were first published in the Journal (these later formed the basis for his Practical Treatise on Fractures and Dislocations, which went through eight editions). John C. Dalton's lectures on physiology were published here, as was the report of the first application of the principle of enucleation to ovarian and abdominal tumors [8]. At the turn of the century, Roswell Park was a frequent contributor not only in science, but also on the subject of medical history. The Journal was fortunate in having few changes of editors, a factor that contributed to its long existence. In his historical reminiscence on medical journalism in Buffalo published in 1895, William W. Potter divided the first 50 years of the Journal into four epochs [9], the first three presided over by Austin Flint, Sr. (1845-1855); by Sanford B. Hunt, who was briefly succeeded by Austin Flint, Jr. (1855-1860); and by Julius F. Miner (1861-1879). The fourth epoch, which lasted until William W Potter assumed the editorship in 1888, marks perhaps the lowest point in the history of the Journal. But from 1888 until Potter's death in 1911, and under his successor, A. L. Benedict, the Journal again followed an objective and impartial policy. The editorial department addressed the issues forcefully, and obituaries, society transactions, public health reports, and other local data provided a wealth of information. Indeed, Fielding H. Garrison saw the preservation of the transactions of medical societies as one of the chief functions of the local periodical [10]. MEDICAL DEBATES The Buffalo Medical Journal is also a remarkable document in social history, because it recorded the changing attitudes of American society. The debate over the propriety of demonstrative midwifery, in· troduced in this country in 1850 by James Platt White, professor of obstetrics at the University of Buffalo, began in the pages BUFFAID ! PHY SICI AN I AUTUM '87 �12 ar left) Pres1 nt McKmley at Pan \mencan Expo rtwn 1901; bt.lou,) \lF.])f(' \ L .JOl H.\\ L. Htm Fhnt, , fi t edrtor th Journal. \1 >TI \ 1' 11\T. \ , t. l '' ~c: ~ D • 1 n ;.;. r IU II \I tl indignant editor who in 1915 issued a plea for women physicians, defending their role and contributions [16]. A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE ON HISTORY of the Journal and in the local popular press (11]. Charges and countercharges concerning the actual event and the moral issues involved culminated in the Loomis trial, in which Dr. White brought a libel suit against Horatio . Loomis, a local physician thought to be the author of two slanderous letters. Dr. Loomis wa acquitted, primarily because the jury ignored the judge's charge, but as Dr. 0. P. Jones has written, "the profession has long since thoroughly vindicated Dr. White by using clinical illustration of labor as a teaching method" [12]. Two recent historical studies cite the Loomis trial and its implications for medical education, the issue of specialization, and the status of the medical profession [13]. Several attitudes toward women physicians are vividly registered in the Journal. Without mentioning her by name, Austin Flint, Sr., commented on the admission of AUTUM '87 Elizabeth Blackwell to Geneva College in a January 1848 editorial. He viewed her admission as a historic event that would open the door to women candidates at other institutions. Although he did not expect women to become general practitioners, but rather to devote themselves to special branches, he thought the influence of women on the profession would be good [14]. However, that view was not shared by the editorial department in 1857, when the following statement appeared: "The real lady is as much out of place in the practice of medicine as in a regiment of dragoons; and once begun in the rivalries of practice, with the opportunity for scandal which a feminine taste would develop, would soon be lost in the intriguing gossip. Monthly nurses are bad enough" [15]. Apparently no one was sufficiently offended to respond. Austin Flint, Sr., would have been in much closer agreement with the BUFFAID PHYSICI AN ] The cataclysmic events of the Civil War and World War I are recorded by medical officers from the area who submitted reports of their experiences to the Journal. One prominent example is the personal military history Three Years with the Army of the Potomac by William W Potter, which he prepared toward the end of his life for posthumous publicction [17]. When President McKinley was assassinated in Buffalo in 1901 during the PanAmerican Exposition, national attention was focused on the city. He was attended by local physicians, notably by Drs. Mann, Mynter, and Parmenter, and - at the close of the operation - by Roswell Park, the area's most prominent surgeon. Dr. Park had been in the midst of an operation in iagara Falls when notified of the shooting. For seven days the president lingered. When he died, the quality of his medical care immediately came into question, although the autopsy report declared the "death was unavoidable by any surgical or medical treatment and was the direct result of the bullet wound" [18]. The Journal's September issue that year contains special contributions by those assisting in the operation on McKinley as well as the official bulletins. It also includes a signed statement denying reports that there had been serious disagreement among the surgeons and physicians in attendance. �13 CONTROVERSY AND CO SOLIDATION One cns1s that almost caused the demise of the Journal did lead to a brief suspension of publication and a slight name change in 1859-60. Austin Flint, Jr., who had become chief editor, moved to New York City. A local publisher and co-owner of the journal, A. I. Mathews, used the opportunity to include an advertisement offensive to the readership in the October 1859 and in the January 1860 issues. Unfortunately, that ad has been lost, because of the practice of excluding advertisements before binding journal issues [19], but Dr. Flint's reference to keeping the Journal "pure and unsullied" makes possible a fairly informed guess as to the nature of the ad. He explained that "the editors were wrong in supposing that one who advertises quack remedies female regulating pills, etc. - in the daily press, would be able to make a distinction, unless under compulsion, in favor even of the Old Buffalo Medical Journal" [20]. Dr. Flint, Jr., severed his connection with Mr. Mathews and made arrangements to merge the journal with the New Yark Monthly Review. However, the loss of the local character of the Journal was keenly felt by the medical community, and in August 1861 it was reintroduced under the name of Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal and Reporter, because Mr. Mathews claimed to own the old name. The new editor, Julius F. Miner, suggested that Mr. Mathews use the more appropriate name Buffalo Patent Medical Journal for his publication [21]. Another crisis occurred in the 1880s. The drive to reform American medical education resulted locally in the founding ofNiagara University in 1883. The editors of the journal strongly endorsed the new institution, dismissing the charge of rivalry with the University of Buffalo. A second element of discord in the community was the appointment of Roswell Park, newly elected lecturer at the university, to the surgical staff of Buffalo General Hospital. Dr. Park had come to the city from Chicago. The appointment was seen by some as a snub to the professional talent of the city, and it was a wound to local medi- cal pride. These two events divided the community, and in 1886 a rival journal, the Medical Press of Western New Yark, was founded with Dr. Park as editor. For four years the two journals coexisted in the city with one segment of the medical community contributing to one, the rival segment supporting the other. In his discussion of medical journals, S. D. Gross wrote that "we rarely meet with an instance in which their pages are tainted by literary jaundice, or polluted ribaldry and personality" [22]. But the journal was not entirely free of those charges during this period, when neither selection of material nor editorial content could substantiate the repeated claims of impartiality. Realizing that a contest for a field so narrow could only harm local journalism, the editors in 1889 reached an accord to merge and conduct a purely scientific and nonpartisan journal, thus avoiding one of the pitfalls that had destroyed so many journals in other communities [23]. On March 14, 1911, William Warren Potter died, and it was with some reluctance that his successor, A . L. Benedict, took on the editorial duties. The idea of assuming sole responsibility for the Journal was somewhat alarming to him, and he was also concerned that these new duties would interfere with his work as a practicing physician. However, veneration for an institution more than half a century old and a sense of local pride became the deciding factors. Sir William Osler wrote to the new editor in 1911: "Dear Benedict: I am very glad indeed to hear that you are in charge of the Buffalo Medical Journal, for which I have always had an affection, a good deal, I must say, from the appreciation I had of the splendid men who were its founders and it is a journal, too, that has, all along, done good work" [24]. During Benedict's editorship there are repeated references to increased subscriptions and to adequate advertisement revenue, although exact figures are never given. But efforts to enlist others in the affairs of the journal failed. When the journal was absorbed by the Medical Review of Reviews, New York City, nine of the thirteen members on its editorial staff, including the managing editor, were in the military service. The Medical Review of Reviews, a BUFFAID I PHYSICI AN I publication of national scope and circulation, promised to preserve the identity of the local journal after the merger. Dr. Benedict took some comfort in observing that the surrender of local control was a result of war conditions, and not economic factors, but he also expressed disappointment that Buffalo was not more highly regarded as a medical center [25]. • REFERE CES 1. The Union Catalog of Medical Periodicals records at least six name changes for the publication from 1845-1919. 2. Miller G. The nineteenth-century medical press. In: Blake JB. Centenary of Index Medicus 18 79-1979. Bethesda, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1980:19-30. 3. Garrison FH. The medical periodical and the scientific society. New Orleans Med and Surg J 1914;67:503-9. 4. Ibid. 5. Ebert M. The rise and development of the American medical periodical. Bull Med Libr Assoc 1952;40:243-76. 6. Editorial. Buffalo Med J 1845; 1( 1): 1-3. 7. Flint A, Sr. Account of an epidemic fever which occurred at orth Boston, Erie County, . Y., during the months of October and November, 1843. Buffalo Med J 1845;1(4):91-5. 8. Miner JF. Remarks upon the different modes of treating the pedicle in ovariotomy. Buffalo Med J 1869;23 or 8( 11 ):418-23. 9. Potter WW. 1845 - then and now - 1895. Buffalo Med J 1895;51 or 35( 1):65-113. 10. Garrison FH. The medical periodical and the scientific society, pp. 503-9. 11. Editorial. Buffalo Med J 1850;5(9):564-5. 12. Jones OP. Our first professor of obstetrics, James Platt White (1811 -1881). Buffalo Phys 1974;8(1):42-7. 13. [a] Atwater C. Making fewer mistakes: a history of students and patients. Bull Hist Med 1983;57(2): 165-87. [b] Drachman YG. The Loomis trial: social mores and obstetrics in mid-nineteenth century. In: Reverby S, Rosner D. Health care in America. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979:67-83. 14. Editorial. Buffalo Med J 1848;3(8):494-6. 15. Editorial. Buffalo Med J 1857;13(3):191. 16. Editorial. Buffalo Med J 1915;70(6):357-9. 17. Potter WW. Three years with the army of the Potomac - a personal military history. Buffalo Med J 1911;66(12):647-76. 18. Autopsy Report. Buffalo Med J 1901; 57(2) :224-5. 19. An extensive search was undertaken to locate this particular ad, but without result. 20. Editorial. Buffalo Med J 1860;15(10):652-4. 21. Editorial. Buffalo Med J 1861;16 or 1(1):32. 22. Gross SO. History of the American medical literature from 1776 to the present time. ew York: Burt Franklin, 1876. 23. Editorial. Med Press W Y 1889;4:282-4. 24. Editorial. Buffalo Med J 1911 ;67(4):228-9. 25. Editorial. Buffalo Med J 1918;74(5):159-61. AUTUM '87 �14 BY CHRIS VIDAL THE ENIGMA OF EATING DISORDERS For young umnen, they can be a protest against a society that denies their nature ack in the 1950s, society told adolescent girls that if they remained virgins, they would marry well and live the good life. But 30 years and a sexual revolution later, cultural morality and standards have changed, and young women now see thinness as the key to success and happiness. The result is a devastating number of young women who starve themselves, abuse laxatives, force themselves to vomit, and employ other measures to keep their bodies from consuming even a minimal number of calories, according to Katherine Steiner-Adair, Ed. D., research associate at Harvard Medical School's Center for the Study of Gender, Education, and Development, and an associate psychologist at Children's Hospital, Boston. Steiner-Adair's March 2 7 lecture on "Normal Female Development and the AUTUMN '87 BUFFAID (PHYSICIAN I ��16 Development of Eating Disorders" was among those presented at "The Enigma of Eating Disorders," a two-day conference sponsored by the UB School of Medicine's Department of Psychiatry and the Anorexia Bulimia Buffalo Association. Cultural values and roles are the root of the willful self-starvation of anorexia nervosa and the vomiting and purging of bulimia, Steiner-Adair said. "If we look at the problems of adolescents in our society, we will see what is wrong with our society," she said. "It may be that socio-cultural values make anorexia and bulimia an acceptable part of growing up female now." One of the keys to understanding the issue is to examine the development of the female adolescent, and what it means to grow up female. But this examination is complicated by the fact that most studies have been conducted from a male orientation, leading to conclusions that may not be applicable for half the population. "If you look at the psychology of women, you hear a different language," SteinerAdair said. This difference is important to understanding the development of female adolescents, as opposed to males in the same age group. That difference in language is what researchers call a "care" focus for deciding issues of moral dilemma, an orientation that relies on feelings and emotional needs, as opposed to a "justice" focus . "There is a natural tendency for men and women to use a (particular) pattern of thinking more," she noted. A ccording to research, one-third of women make decisions ba ed on the "care" focus; one-third, on a "justice" focus; and one-third, on a combination of the two. Half the men studied, on the other hand, made decisions based on a "justice" focus; the other half relied on a care-justice combination . None made moral dilemma decisions strictly on a "care" basis. Our culture teaches women that the "care and responsive focus to self and other's needs is the most important way of AUTUM '87 thinking about moral problems in life," according to Steiner-Adair. But this lesson may serve to cloud others that are being taught at the same time, especially sociocultural lessons about independence. "When we talk about development, we talk about a movement from dependency to autonomy," Steiner-Adair said. But this rite of passage is perceived differently by males and females. Boys view the opposite of dependence as independence. Girls, on the other hand, may perceive the opposite of dependence as loneliness and isolation. This translates into "if I grow up I have to be totally self-sufficient," which is a terrifying prospect to these young girls, Steiner-Adair said. Individuation, therefore, is seen as a loss. Females develop as they experience themselves through relationships with others. The identification process for girls becomes one of self-differentiation, of having a distinct sense of self while still being connected with others, Steiner-Adair said. The difference in views of dependenceindependence begins with the games children play. Boys, she noted, play games like king of the hill, which teaches them to compete, give orders, become autocratic, and never mind if they step on someone on the way up. Girls play games that, like jump rope, require sharing and communication skills, and will discontinue a game or change the rules rather than see someone's feelings hurt. In puberty, success of social skills is important to girls because of their need for external support. Girls, therefore, are vulnerable to external acceptance and feedback for development of their identities. N ormal rebellion against family and society may backlash for adolescent females, as it does not for adolescent males, Steiner-Adair said. For a boy to be in interpersonal conflict is a confirmation of his identity, but for girls, the same interpersonal conflict is a disconfirmation of identity. BUFFAID ! P HY SICI AN I "It is made clear (to girls) from home, school, the media, and society at large that interpersonal compliance is expected," she said. In the last 20 years, girls have been put in a double bind. Because development is such a comparative process for female adolescents, the way girls perceive their bodies is central to the way they think of themselves. Because the ideal of thinness is culturally supported, girls are socialized to be unable to accept their bodies. In fact, about 80 percent of adolescent girls are anxious and uncomfortable about their bodies. "How can a female value parts of herself that society has taught her to devalue? Society teaches girls to deny the validity of who they are as people," Steiner-Adair said. Dieting and food are very much a part of growing up female; the dividing line between healthy and unhealthy orientations is emphasis. "It is normal for female adolescents to be concerned with weight," Steiner-Adair said. "It is when eating becomes confused with autonomy and independence that eating disorders are likely." Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia emerge at adolescence because at this point females are at a crossroad requiring them to shift from dependence to autonomy, a transition that is devastating when autonomy is viewed as loneliness, Steiner-Adair said. The rounded female form, historically associated with pregnancy and maternity, also represents interdependence and interrelationships. The thin form represents the independence that the adolescent thinks society wants her to achieve. "Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are forms of protest against a society that denies the part of the psyche that is rounded .... "These adolescents are truth-tellers," she said. "They tell their story with their bodies. They tell the story of the difficulties of growing up female in a society that denies their voice." • �17 Medical School Neus Second memorial service held for body donors 0 Chapel honoring those individuals interred earlier that day and all the individuals who had donated themselves to the University over the preceding two years. Over 100 relatives of these donors attended the ceremony as well as medical students and faculty of the department associated with the gross anatomy class. Dr. Charles Severin, associate professor of anatomy and coordinator of the gross anatomy course, arranged for the memorial service. At the ceremony, Father Fisher noted that these individuals had a common desire to help others even after their deaths. After the ceremony, family members were invited to visit the gravesite and view the memorial, which was placed there in 1984. An identical monument may be found in an area of Mt. Olivet Cemetery where Roman Catholic remains are interred. A photograph of the plaque is in the gross anatomy facility to remind students and staff of those individuals whose bodies have been contributed to benefit others through education • and research. n May 21, 1987, the Department of Anatomical Sciences conducted its second memorial service associated with the interment of the remains of 153 individuals whose bodies had been donated to the School of Medicine for use in teaching and research at the University. The service was held in the Newman Center Chapel on the North Campus, with burial in the Skinnersville Cemetery adjacent to the chapel. UB's School of Medicine is able to fulfill its teaching and research needs through a Body Donation Program administered by the Department of Anatomical Sciences. Over 6,000 individuals are currently enrolled in the department's program with approximately 600 new registrations a year. The remains of approximately 160 individuals are brought to the University each year. All costs associated with transport of the bodies are assumed by the University. The Reverend Edward Fisher officiated at the memorial service at the Newman Center BUFFAID PHYS ICI AN I AUTUMN '87 �18 '' 142 M.D.s, 5 Ph.D.s receive degrees ( 0 ne hundred and forty-two new doctors received their M.D.'s together with five others who received their Ph. D.'s in microbiology and biochemistry - as the Medical School celebrated its 141st commencement in Alumni Arena last May. Vice President John aughton, dean of the Medical School, called the convocation to order, praising the students for their dedication and hard work while reminding them that a doctor's work is never complete. "The path you have taken to reach this point has not been an easy one. You have endured long hours and Herculean workloads. But you have persevered, and as you enter the medical world, never lose sight of the goals that have brought you here today." Dr. Alan B. Beitler, chosen by his peers to be the cia s speaker, expressed his gratitude to his classmates for their ardent support. "I must express the gratitude I feel for all of you," Dr. Beitler said in his address. " o one can do it on his own. You have been a wonderful class and I am proud to consider myself one of you." Dr. Beitler then used a Dickensian approach, speaking of the past, present, and future, in his assessment of the journey he and his fellow students have made and the challenges that await them. ·~s I look at the past it is with a sense of gratitude to those who stood by us. We could not have made it on our own. There are so many who have made this day possible for all of us." Dr. Beitler expressed his deepest thanks to the graduates' husbands, wives, and "significant others" for their patience and understanding, as well as to the parents for their unending support. Of the moment, he spoke about the pride each candidate felt and the sense of accomplishment that accompanied the day. He remembered the arduous AUTUMN '87 BUFFAID P H YSICI AN I years of work that each endured and the special feeling of knowing that, as he triumphantly said, "we made it., For the future, Dr. Beitler reminded his peers that the medical profession is filled with problems and that it is their task to help correct these maladies. ·~s students, we could look at the world through rose-colored glasses," he said. " ow we have earned the opportunity to bring our ideals to the profession and make it the best we possibly can. "We must make sure our ideals are tempered �19 '' at 141st Med School commencement by a sense of perspective. Remember that it is our duty to serve humanity, and never lose sight of that objective." B efore keynote speaker Dr. Mary Jane EngIN LESKO land, associate dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, addressed the students and their guests, an unscheduled appearance was made by the Dermatones - a singing group several of the students formed to divert themselves from the rigors of school. They performed "Buffalo," ice Bennett, and were given a warm ovation for their lighthearted rendition. In her speech, Dr. England stressed the growing number of women and minorities entering medicine and the revolution in health care. "You represent a diverse cross-section of humanity," she began. "Increasingly, the medical work force is seeing more women and people of color entering than ever before. It is your job to be the vanguard for this new generation of medicine." Dr. England, also president of the American Medical Women's Association, voiced her concern for the movement of health care away from the physician to a system of group care run by non-professionals. "Within the next 10 years we will see a complete automation of the health care field. Insurance companies will buy out the present organizations, offering life, auto, fire, home, and group health plans. Eighty per cent of health care will come from multi-institutional organizations. "The medical profession is in a crisis," she warned. "Physicians cannot afford to sit in their offices and wait for patients to beat a path to their doors. No longer is the physician seen as a person to be emulated. Health care has passed us by." Dr. England related stories of doctors who had become disillusioned and depres ed over the reality of the situation. "Medicine as an art has vanished. The once sacred relationship between doctor and patient has deteriorated into simply a business transaction. "You have the opportunity to be leaders in the area of social justice, to improve the quality of family life, to set examples for the less fortunate. You must be leaders in shaping health care. You must step outside your day-to-day tasks to make health care accessible to all. Do not let yourselves be isolated in your offices. There is a need for your talent to improve the situations for our most vulnerable populations." In concluding her remarks, Dr. England recalled the words of john F. Kennedy, espousing courage, judgment, integrity, and dedication. "These are the historic qualities of the leader and the physician." • BUFFAID I PHVS I C I AN I AUTUM '87 �20 Biophysics offers grad student awards T he Department of Biophysical Sciences announces the establishment of the Biophysical Sciences EcclesHauptman Graduate Student Award for an outstanding new entrant to their graduate program. The award is named in honor of the two Nobel Prize Laureates of the Department. It carries a stipend of $8000 in addition to a tuition waiver. It will be awarded to the applicant judged most likely to make distinguished contributions to the biophysical sciences. The department offers a broad spectrum of research programs and the award is equally applicable to any of these. Send inquiries and applications to: The Director of Graduate Studies, Dept. of Biophysical Sciences, 120 Cary Hall, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214. • ! @ § it DR. GUTHRIE AWARDED CHANCELlD!tS MEDAL U B at its 14lst general commencement in May awarded the Chancellor Charles P. orton Medal to Robert Guthrie, M.D., the UB professor emeritus of pediatrics and microbiology whose test for the genetic disorder PKU has prevented mental retardation in thousands of children worldwide. About 150 million children have been tested for PKU worldwide. In America, 3.5 million children are tested each year. The SUNY Board of Trustees also approved the awarding of an honorary doctorate to George Hatem, M.D., a Buffalo-born physi- AUTUM '87 cian who is chief medical advisor to the government of the People's Republic of China. President Steven B. Sample hopes to present the Doctor of Science degree to Hatem personally on a trip to China later this year. Hatem is credited with virtually eliminating venereal disease, leprosy, and drug addiction in mainland China. He is the first non-Chinese to gain citizenship in that country. In another spring event, Dr. Herbert Hauptman, UB's 1985 Nobel Laureate, received the UB Alumni Association's Walter P. Cooke Award. • BUFFAID I P HY SICI AN ) Two departments hold research days T wo successful research days were held by the Departments of Biochemistry and Orthopaedic Surgery last spring. The Department of Biochemistry's event was the Eighth Annual Research Symposium on Aprill4, while the Orthopaedic Department's was the 16th Annual Orthopaedic Residents Scientific Day on May 14. At the Biochemistry research symposium, 54 posters were displayed, representing the work of approximately 100 faculty, doctoral, and postdoctoral researchers from the Medical School, Roswell Park, and the Medical Foundation of Buffalo. The Orthopaedic Residents Scientific Day featured ten scientific paper presentations by residents and fellows, as well as presentation of diplomas and certificates to four graduating residents and five fellows. Visiting professor was J. Leonard Goldner, M.D., James B. Duke Professor and chief emeritus, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center. He spoke on "Complications of Adult Foot Surgery" and "Musculoskeletal Aspects of Emotional Problems." • �21 Medtcal School Neus ck ANNUAL FACULTY CONTINUING EDUCATION DAY ''Linking New Technology With Medical Practice" SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 21st, 1987 BUTLER AUDITORIUM Morning Session Applications of Modern Molecular Biology to Clinical Medicine Afternoon Sessions The Tools of the Physicist in the Hands of the Physician: Two Applications of Electromagnetic Radiation and Horizons in Therapy of Coronary Artery Disease Watch your mail for more information Gifts establish awards for faculty and students I U BY SUE WUETCHER B medical students will benefit from several awards and scholarship funds that have been established by, and in memory of, Medical School alumni. The University at Buffalo Foundation Inc. also has received money that will be used to establish an award for volunteer medical school faculty. The scholarship funds and awards are: • The Lloyd H. Leve Fund, established by Lloyd H. Leve, M.D., of Rochester, a 1958 UB Medical School Alumnus. Leve has committed $100,000 to support scholarships or cardiovascular research, whichever is deemed the neediest from year to year by the Medical School dean. • The G. Norris Miner, M.D. Memorial Award, established in memory of 1932 UB Medical School alumnus G. orris Miner, M.D., by his widow, Margarita L. Miner. The fund, established with a $5,000 donation from Mrs. Miner, will award $250 annually to a graduating medical student who has shown interest and competence in the practice of family medicine. Miner was a family practice physician in orth Tonawanda for 40 years. Medical student Timothy Pitler received the fund's first award. • The Robert S. Berkson, M.D. Memorial Award in the Art of Medicine Fund, established in memory of longtime UB clinical faculty member Robert S. Berkson, M.D., by his son and daughter-in-law, Dr. and Mrs. Richard A. Berkson of California. The $10,000 gift will be used to grant a yearly award to a volunteer physician faculty member with at least five years of continuous service in recognition of the physician's ability in patient care BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I I and teaching. The award will consist of plaques for the recipient and the Medical School, and $500 to be used for the purchase of books for the Health Sciences Library or medical library of the award winner's choice. The award winner will choose the books to be purchased, in consultation with the director of the specific library. Berkson, a clinical associate professor in the Department of Medicine, taught from 1949 until1966. He and his son are both alumni of the UB School of Medicine. • A $10,000 gift from Dr. and Mrs. Robert Bemot of ew York City and a $25,000 gift from Morris Lamer, also of ew York City. The gifts will be placed in a single endowment account to support Medical School scholarships. Bernot graduated from the UB Medical School in 1960. Lamer's gift was made in honor of the Bemots, who are his daughter and sonin-law. • A permanently endowed scholarship fund to aid first- and second-year medical students at the University has been established in memory of Dr. Ange S. Naples, a 1931 graduate of the UB Medical School. The fund has been established with contributions from members of Dr. aples' family. Dr. Naples was a practicing ophthalmologist in Buffalo and Tonawanda throughout his professional career. He retired in 1983 and died • in 1984 after a short illness. AUTUM '87 �22 1 ((T DR. BROWNIE KEYNOTES 1987 FACULTY MEETING his is the only lectureship in which we honor a previous dean," began Vice President and Dean John Naughton, in opening the 1987 Annual Faculty Meeting, "and also the only lectureship where we allow the honored speaker a full year to decide what he will speak on." The Stockton Kimball Lecturer for the May 27, 1987 Annual Faculty Meeting was Alexander Brownie, D. Sc., Ph. D., professor and chairman of the Department of Biochemistry. As is traditional, last year's winner of the Medical School's highest honor delivers this year's Kimball Lecture. Dr. Brownie reviewed the history and current status of re earch on the adrenal cortex, his primary research interest. The research aims to shed light on how adrenal deficiencies lead to pathogenesis of certain diseases, especially hypertension. He emphasized a very straightforward fact: "If you don't have an adrenal cortex, you die ... yet we don't know everything we should about it." In reviewing the early history, he related that Kendall and others determined that the adrenal cortex's function was to produce steroid hormones from cholesterol, including cortisol, aldosterone and androgens. Subsequent research, however, showed that "at the level of the adrenal, what controls cholesterol is rather complex." Brownie described the relationship between hyperadrenalcorticism and hypertension AUTUM '87 H e also noted that research done on anabolic steroids, not surprisingly, shows that hypertension is now appearing in athletes who use them because of their effect on the adrenals. Dr. aughton began his Dean's Report by announcing that this is the 25th anniversary of the Medical School's statehood. (In 1962, the private University of Buffalo became part of the SU Y System.) He then reviewed the school's highlights over that period. His first example was that the faculty meeting was taking place in the new state-of-the-art Buder Auditorium. Two of its many unusual features are its multiple large screens and a dressing room in back for presentation of patients. He cited other construction highlights such as the new CFS Wing and new Health Sciences Library and Dental ~ School buildings. "We are attracting stronger and stronger 0 ~ medical and graduate students each year. We f2 have high student morale, and their extracur~ ricular participation is greater than ever. We have at least one department among the top seven in its field and we're now a model for other schools to follow." In summary, "The as leading to three conditions: Cushing's SynMedical School is now whole and its future and drome, hyperaldosteronism and congenital stability are now assured," he commented. adrenal hyperplasia. Research has found that As for future progress, he pointed to the new elevated levels of deoxycorticosterone are diWestern ew York Health Sciences Consorrectly related to the degree of hypertension. He tium which will enhance health care and the then described in detail all of the biochemical economic status of the region; the development processes involving the adrenal cortex. of a Ph.D./M. D. program; the enhancement BUFFAID I P H YSICI AN I �~1eJical plans for Roswell Park Memorial Institute; creation of both a new University bioengineering program and a new associate dean for research affairs. Lastly, the School's name will be changed to the School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences to reflect the doctoral programs and biomedical research carried out by physicians, Ph.D.s and other scientists. In her Faculty Council President's Report, Monica Spaulding, Ph. D., associate professor of medicine and otolaryngology, noted that the Council began in 1969. This year, they established new curricular changes, including the ability to take fourth year neurology in the last half of the third year. The Council also determined the criteria for graduation with honors; clarified requirements for the Early Assurance Program and inclusion of Canis ius College students; and attempted to clarify criteria for promoting clinical faculty. She announced that next year's Council president will be Thomas Flanagan, Ph. D., new chair and professor of microbiology. J ohn Wright, M.D., was presented with the first of the evening's major honors, the Dean's Award. "This person is selected for his unselfish work, representation of the dean and other major contributions," remarked Dr. Naughton. "This year's honors go to a department leader, one who binds wounds, even sacrifices his career for a while," the dean continued, referring to Dr. Wright's service as interim director of Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Dr. Wright, professor and chairman of pathology, is recognized for his abilities as a researcher, teacher, administrator and clinician. His research has focused on amyloidosis, cardiovascular pathology, especially of the aged, oncology, and other areas. He is the author of 50 publications. The native of Winnipeg, Manitoba, came to UB in 1974 to chair its Pathology Department. Interestingly, he first came to UB in 1963 for his residency and later was a Buswell Research Fellow. He has clinical associations with the ECMC, Roswell Park, Buffalo General, and VA hospitals. He is associate director of Erie County Laboratories and was acting head of Children's Hospital's Pathology Department. The medical alumnus of the University of Man- itoba served on the faculty of Johns Hopkins University Medical School from 1967 to 1974. His relationship with medical students is exemplified by 12 teaching or medical class honors, including seven Siegel Teaching Awards or commendations and the 1986 Student National Medical Association Award. The Stockton Kimball Award was presented to Suk Ki Hong, M.D., Ph. D., for his academic and research achievement, his contributions to UB and the community, and to "fulfillment of excellence in all of its meaning." The professor of physiology is respected for his research in underwater physiology, gas exchange and renal physiology. He is the author of more than 140 distinguished journal articles and is highly visible in national and international physiology circles. He received his M.D. degree in 1949 from Yonsei University, Korea, and his Ph. D. in 1956 from The University of Rochester. He is the recipient of many academic awards and has played major roles in the American Physiologic Society, NIH, National Academy of Sciences, and others. A special presentation was given to Evan Calkins, M.D., internationally known pioneer in geriatrics and gerontology. A striking portrait of Dr. Calkins was unveiled, to be hung in the Medical School. The professor of medicine and head of that department's Geriatric Division has been with UB since 1961. He is the codirector and co-founder of the Western New York Geriatric Education Center and founded the Network for Aging in Western New York. The Harvard graduate was the 1984 Dean's Award winner. Four Siegel Teaching Awards were presented (see separate article). In addition to the awards, Dr. Nancy Nielsen, representing the Erie County Medical Society, and Mrs. Clarence Sanford, president of the Medical Society's Women's Auxiliary, presented a check for $11,996 to the AMA Education Research Fund of UB's School of Medicine. It provides medical student loans from a general fund. Other announcements included appointment of the new chairman of ophthalmology, Dr. William H. Coles; 17 new basic science faculty, and 113 clinical appointments; 14 retirements and memorial remembrance for five faculty who died during the year. • BUFFAID I P HY SICI 23 School AN I Five named best teachers of year T he "Best Medical Teachers Of The Year" have been chosen by UB's medical students. Five Medical School teachers received Dr. Louis A. and Ruth Siegel Awards at the Annual Faculty meeting. The awards are chosen through nominations by the school's 500 medical students. Perry Hogan, Ph. D., was honored with the Pre-Clinical Award, given to the best teacher of the basic medical sciences. Comments about Dr. Hogan cite his "genuine interest and enthusiasm in the subject which elicited a high level of performance from our class." The professor of physiology has been awarded two previous Siegel Teaching Awards. W inner of the Clinical Teaching Award is Martin Brecher, M.D. Like Dr. Hogan, Brecher previously won a teaching medal for pediatric teaching at Children's Hospital. Dr. Brecher was cited for "presenting an incredible amount of information in an orderly, concise fashion to students as well as patients and families." Dr. Brecher is associate professor of pediatrics and acting chief of Roswell Park's Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital's Division of Hematology-Oncology. F azlollah Loghmanee, M. D. , won the Volunteer Teaching Award for excellent teaching by a volunteer faculty member. The clinical assistant professor in pathology and dermatology is based at ECMC's Medical Examiner's Office. T he House Staff Award went to Felix Lim, M.D. , for his teaching abilities as a hospital resident. Dr. Lim last trained in internal medicine at Mercy Hospital and is now a hematology fellow at the SUNY Medical Center at Brooklyn. A Special Teaching Award was given to Lee Guterman, Ph. D. He is unusual because he is currently a third-year medical student recognized for his teaching of other medical students. Because of previous Ph. D. training he taught a • neuroanatomy course to fellow students. AUTUM '87 �24 I Iospital News RPMI Announces New Administrative Appointments ECMC has available a coordinated system of alcoholism services which includes acute, rehabilitation, and outpatient treatment. • D New Plan Will Strengthen UB/Roswell Park Ties r. Andrew Gage, M.D., a sociate director for clinical affairs at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, has been promoted to the position of deputy institute director. Dr. Jerome W. Yates, M.D./M.P.H., currently associate director for centers and community ffl oncology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the ational Cancer Institute, has z been appointed the new associate director for ~ clinical affairs, as of October 1, 1987. ~ A ~ Dr. Yates, a nationally recognized expert in ~ public health policy and its impact on cancer L,;..::o-.....- treatment and the quality of life of the patient, has directed the NCI's national community cancer center program since 1982. A graduate of the University of Illinois College of Medicine, Dr. Yates also holds a master of public health degree from Harvard University, he Erie County Medical Center indid his residency training at Marquette Univertroduced a new alcoholism rehabilitation sity, and was a clinical fellow in oncology at service to Western ew York la t June. Roswell Park. Prior to joining the NCI, he Opening of the new service follows several served as chief of medical oncology and associyears of planning with the County Department ate director for the Vermont Regional Cancer of Mental Health, the State Division of Center. Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, and the State Dr. Yates will have primary responsibility for Health Department, according to Dr. Robert conducting the Institute's clinical programs Whitney, director of ECMC alcoholism erand will play a key role in the implementation vices and clinical assistant professor of of the clinical elements of Roswell's Strategic medicine. Plan. Dr. Thomas B. Tomasi, RPM! director, "Our new intensive inpatient treatment sernoted, "We are very fortunate to have attracted vice is a major step in the process of patient such a person to Buffalo. He is a superior clinirecovery and will offer its graduates the opporcian and an outstanding administrator who has tunity to develop a fresh start in a new way of risen rapidly to a top post at the NCI. He will life," he said. bring considerable expertise in public health During an anticipated 28-day stay in the new issues, especially in the areas of cancer preven20-bed unit, patients will receive group and tion and education." individual therapy, occupational and physical therapy, educational programs, and supportive Dr. Gage, UB professor of surgery and a medical care. surgical consultant to VA. Medical Center, It is anticipated that 260 patients who suffer Buffalo General, Sisters of Charity, and Kenfrom the di ease of alcoholism will be treated more Mercy hospitals, will join the executive annually under the new service, according to office in the capacity of the institute' deputy Dr. Stephen Stayer, director of the new chief operating officer, responsible for cooralcoholism rehabilitation service and clinical dinating Roswell's diverse activities, as well as assistant professor of psychiatry. for the development and implementation of a With the opening of the new program, long-range plan and new program initiatives. • ECMC Forms New Alcohol Rehab Service T AUTUM '87 BUFFAID I PHYSICI A N I new plan for Roswell Park Memorial Institute proposes sweeping new changes in its structure, salaries and plans for construction - and also a significantly strengthened relationship with UB. The Long Range Strategic Plan for Roswell Park was announced last April by State Health Commissioner David Axelrod, M.D., and Thomas Tomasi, M.D. , the institute director. "This plan provides a practical framework that will enable Roswell Park Memorial Institute to enhance its stature as one of the leading comprehensive cancer centers in the world," Commissioner Axelrod said. Dr. Tomasi commented, "The plan addresses many critical decisions facing the institute and outlines the institute's strengths and areas that need to be improved for the future." The long-awaited plan recommends removing the institute from the jurisdiction of the State Health Department and establishing it as a public benefit corporation. Whereas the Health Department now oversees its operation, the new plan would set up a new board of trustees and give the institute director greater executive powers. The report also recommends that Roswell Park strengthen its relationship with the UB School of Medicine by signing an agreement that would expand and reinforce its affiliation as a teaching hospital. Dr. Tomasi wants UB to be more involved in Roswell Park's doctoral, post-doctoral, and residency programs. The closer relationship will also be reflected in changes in the institute's infrastructure: for example, heads of Roswell Park units will also serve as heads of the same UB units, e.g. , radiation, oncology. Salary enhancement to increase competitiveness, retention, and quality of staff �25 Hospital Neus medical scientists and physicians is another part of the plan that involves UB. Dr. Tomasi said that physicians' salaries at Roswell Park have not been competitive with other academic institutions, including UB. A stronger affiliation agreement with UB would help remedy the recruiting problems, and also benefit joint UB!Roswell programs. The plan would develop a faculty practice plan (UB established one in 1984) to correct wage scale deficiencies. Currently, Roswell Park and UB representatives serve on search committees to fill key positions at the institute. Those named to fill the positions will have joint UB appointments. That joint appointment, Tomasi added, will help supplement salaries. Other major features of the plan are to: • Construct a new clinical facility by 1993. • Establish a magnetic resonance imaging center to meet regional needs and strengthen the radiation medicine program. • Establish a scientific advisory board to help maintain quality of research and provide directions for new research. • Increase marketing efforts to retain and attract more cancer patients. • New V.A. Medical Center Director Appointed M r. Richard S. Droske is the new director of the VA. Medical Center, Buffalo. Mr. Droske holds an M.B.A. in hospital administration from Wagner College and a B.S. in mechanical engineering from University of Pittsburgh . "I'm looking forward to working in the Western ew York area and plan to continue the close positive working relationship with all individuals who help in providing quality health care," he commented at the official announcement of his appointment. Mr. Droske began his career in the Veterans Administration as an assistant chief, Engineering Service, Butler, Pa., in 1963. He then served as chief, Engineering Service, Batavia V.A. Medical Center from !968 to 1972. From 1972 to 1973, he attended Wagner College in a graduate education program in hospital administration. Following the graduate program, he was appointed as an associate director trainee at V.A. Medical Center, East Orange, N.J. From 1974 to 1980, he held the position of associate medical center director at Vancouver, Wash. ; Syracuse, N.Y., and Allen Park, Mich. In 1980, he was appointed director, VA. Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1982 he was appointed director, V.A. Medical Center, Castle Point, N.Y. He served in the U.S. Air Force from 1953 to 1954. Mr. Droske is a member of the American College of Healthcare Executives, D. A. V., the American Legion, and the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States. - John]. Pulh BUFFAID ! P H YS I C I AN I Treatment Center Staffed by Family Medicine Personnel B uffalo General's Deaconess Immediate Treatment Center (lTC) has altered its physicians staffing and the center is now staffed by doctors in the Deaconess Family Medicine Center. Before April!, the lTC- which provides treatment for minor medical problems was staffed by outside contracted physicians. The lTC is now staffed with board certified attending physicians in UB's Department of Family Medicine. The attending physicians will also oversee Medical School family medicine residents. The staffing was changed to ensure a higher standard of patient care in the lTC. • AUTUMN '87 �26 Alumni Warm weather woes: guests. The all-clay event was sponsored and organized by the UB Medical Alumni Association, the Medical School, and Continuing Medical Education. Key organizers included John Przylucki (M '73), clinical instructor in surgery, and Joseph Kunz (M '56), program chairman and UB clinical assistant professor of medicine. r. Reisman, clinical professor of medicine and pediatrics, noted that 20 per cent of the population suffers from hay fever or pollen allergy. Because of advances in treatment, Reisman exclaimed that "in today's world, no one should be suffering from allergic rhinitis anymore." Previously, immunotherapy ("allergy shots") D '' T SUNBURN and antihistamines were the primary treatment options. Because of the side effects of antihistamines such as sleepiness, and the inconvenient long-term nature of shots, other options were sought. First, Reisman explained, a new, non-sedating antihistamine, Seldane (terfenadine) is now available for those who don't like other antihistamines. Even more significant are the safe and effective steroid nasal aerosols that have been developed (e.g. beclomethasone, flunisolide, cromolyn). Unlike nasal decongestants, they are not addictive and don't injure the nasal lining. These new steroids are safe for periods up to several months and usually provide major symptomfree relief. Dr. Reisman recommends immunotherapy only for chronic allergy, not just for seasonal allergy of four to six week duration. he trees are blooming, the sun's out, and two of my fellow guest speakers complained over breakfast about the antihistamines they're taking. Yes, for an allergist, this is the season when 'paradise' begin . " So jested Robert Reisman, M.D., as the first guest speaker of UB's 50th Annual Spring Clinical Day. Held in downtown Buffalo at the Hilton Hotel, the May 9, 1987, event featured five speakers who addre sed "Warm Weather Woes: Things That Go Wrong In the Summer." The major topics included the late t advances in treatment of insect and pollen allergies, poi on ivy, photodermatitis, drowning, hyperthermia, and recreational accidents. Internationally known cancer pioneer James Holland, M.D., delivered the Stockton Kimball Memorial Lecture before almost 300 AUTUMN '87 BUFFAID r=e=[ v SIC IAN I �27 Alumni Problems of summer photosensitize individuals, induding perfumes, tetracycline, sulfa, dyes, food additives, and even, ironically, sunscreens. He remarked that "drinking can be dangerous to your health," and then related that limes in gin and tonic have caused skin reactions that persisted for months. No breakthroughs in sunburn treatment have been developed since the sunscreen PABA. Prednisone may relieve severe reactions, but prevention and avoidance are still the best approaches, he commented. However, even sunscreen is ineffective for polymorphous light reactions which can develop from exposure to longer UY waves. He did mention one "breakthrough" of sorts: "Sunscreens are now available that blend invisibly and can be used with cosmetics." An unusual fact is that Buffalo has a respiratory allergy not found anywhere else. For a few weeks every year, huge swarms of sand, or caddis, flies emerge along only one section of the waterfront. When they are breathed in, their emanations and debris cause many residents to suffer allergic reactions. Allergies to stinging and biting insects are another summer malady. People vary greatly in their reactions to such insects, and can be uniquely allergic to specific species. The most severe reactions can be anaphylaxis (0.4%), encephalitis, neuropathies, and Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Onethird of such sensitive people also have histories of other allergies. In contrast, some people, such as beekeepers, get no reaction whatsover, Reisman remarked. Tests show that they can have high HEATSTROKE levels of lgG antibodies. The noted allergist described two treatments for known sting-allergic people. With the use of a kit, epinephrine can be self-administered with an automatic injector immediately after a sting. "Sting immunotherapy is also very effective," adds Reisman, who has extensively researched this approach. S NEAR DROWNING ummer cutaneous diseases were discussed by Carl Ehmann (M '67), who is a clinical associate professor of dermatology. He distinguished between phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. The latter reaction cannot occur upon first exposure to sun, but requires repeated exposures and only involves a small percentage of the population. He noted that dozens of chemicals can BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I AUTUM '87 �28 Alumni Progress in the treatment of poison ivy has also been slow. The newest developments are "prophylactic gels and sprays for sensitive people likely to come in contact with poison ivy," such as in vegetation clearing. Otherwise, avoidance, washing, topical steroids, and antihistamines are all that are available. T reatment of near-drowning was the topic ofjohn Lauria (M '60), clinical professor and chairman of anesthesiology. He elucidated many new understandings about drowning, including the fact that "resuscitation should begin in the water, if at all possible," to prevent rapid brain damage from cutoff of the oxygen supply. "Once out of the water, a gasping effort within five to ten minutes is the best prognostic sign available.... If no gasping occurs within 40 minutes, neural recovery is very slim." He cited the statistic that 50 per cent of drowning victims who arrive in the hospital comatose will die, and the other 50% will have significant neural problems. Dr. Lauria recommends immediate transport to the hospital if any loss of consciousness has occurred, no matter what. This will allow treatment of delayed complications stemming from overlooked head or spinal injury or epidural hematoma. One unusual but not infrequent complication is "secondary drowning." While a patient may initially recover, damage to alveoli due to aspiration or other causes can result in loss of consciousness as much as 12 hours later. He described two involuntary reactions that can lead to different results, the diving reflex and laryngospasms. Few are aware that 10 to 15 per cent of drowning victims die without having any water in the lungs. This is due to very tight laryngospasms, which can asphyxiate as effectively as water in the lungs. In contrast, the diving reflex, which is particularly well developed in children, can prevent brain damage from asphyxiation. Dr. Lauria emphasized that prevention is still the most desirable approach. This includes legislation such as child-proof barriers to pools; education that drinking alcohol can lead to drowning; funding to provide life guards for rapid rescue; education about safety in water; and training of the lay public so they can pro- AUTUMN '87 Dr. James F. Holland leaunng at Spnng Urmcal Day luncheon. vide rapid on-the-scene resuscitation, including CPR. And finally, he explained, there is no risk to would-be rescuers from legal liability or contracting AIDS. N oted sports physiologist, David Pendergast, Ed. D., updated the audience on heat stroke and exhaustion. He began by noting that a dozen high school football players die each year from hyperthermia. The UB associate professor of physiology corrected a common misunderstanding about heat BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN] loss. "Sweating does not release heat, only evaporation of sweat does it." That is why humid air greatly reduces the ability to rid the body of heat. Dehydration can also do it, since it reduces the availability of water for sweat. "However, one can satisfy thirst with 500 ml. water but not correct dehydration, which may require nine times that much." Pendergast added that older people are at higher risk of hyperthermia than the young because they lose their sweating effectiveness and vasodilation ability. �29 Alumni Dr. Pendergast had a special caution for physicians. "Measurement of rectal temperature in hyperthermia is not the best way because it is too slow to change. Esophageal temperature gives the most accurate reading of core temperatures. R ecreational injuries were addressed by the team physician for UB sports, Edmond Gicewicz (M '56). The clinical assistant professor of surgery was a captain and assistant coach (while in Medical School) ofUB's football team and also medical class president for two years. He described how different parts of the body are vulnerable to injury from different sports. "In basketball and football, it's knee injuries; for pitching, it's elbows; tennis, it's shoulders and elbows; wrestling, it's ears. Overall, the most commonly injured parts are the knee, thigh, ankle, and shoulder. "The greatest danger is for all of you out there. It's a mistake to try to compete with your younger counterparts or your children," he stressed. "Our joints are less flexible, muscles weaker, and neuroconnections less quick." Besides accounting for age, he emphasized other preventive measures, such as use of proper equipment, use of warming and stretching exercises, regular exercise, and avoidance of alcohol. P eter Ostrow, M.D., associate dean for curricular and academic affairs, welcomed the luncheon gathering. "This is the 50th anniversary of Spring Clinical Day. It is also the 25th anniversary of the State's promise of a first-class lecture hall. Now we finally have one, the modem Butler Auditorium in Farber Hall." Dr. Ostrow summarized the notable achievements of medical students, who were awarded one of only six Society of Nuclear Medicine Fellowships nationwide, one of only seven AOA fellowships and one of only a small number of Hughes and Beckman awards, among other honors. The honored speaker for the Stockton Kimball Memorial Lecture was James F. Holland, M.D. , chairman and endowed professor of Neoplastic Diseases, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, and director of the hospital cancer center there. The acclaimed cancer chemotheraphy pioneer won the 1972 Albert Lasker Award, often called the 'i\merican Nobel Prize." He also received the American Cancer Society's National Annual Award and many others. The author of almost 500 publications, he plays editorial roles with ]AMA, the Journal of Clinical Oncology, and other journals. Dr. Holland was on UB's medical faculty from 1955 to 1972 and was Roswell Park's chief of medicine and director of its Cancer Clinical Research Center. In his lecture, "40 years after Amethopterin," he reviewed progress in cancer treatment. The first chemotherapy, he noted, was in 1863, when sodium arsenate was used to ameliorate a woman's leukemic condition. Aminopterin, a close analog of amethopterin or methotrexate, was developed in the 1940s. Since then, drug combinations, including methotrexate, have raised the child leukemia survival rate to 50 to 75 per cent, while drug and surgery combinations have considerably improved rates for almost all other kinds of cancer. Dr. Holland then cited two examples of how politics has threatened the progress of cancer research. During the Nixon presidency, one senator put forth a national cancer bill, he related, but ixon opposed it. When the president saw he might lose since both houses supported the bill, his representative and the senator struck a deal. The bill went forth as " ixon's bill" and was passed. A recent example just occurred under Reagan, Holland continued. "The GAO did a study of the CI's research funding in relation to cancer progress. The findings were deliberately misinterpreted by a Reagan costcutting official to pressure legislators to be less generous to cancer research." As far as the future is concerned, "the genetic revolution is opening a new chapter in cancer therapy. Using genetically manipulated bacteria to produce human proteins, interleukin II and interferon are showing promise." Holland concluded that interleukin II is very effective for metastatic melanoma, sarcoma, breast and rectal cancer, and other forms ~a~r. • Dr. Hoeplinger wins 1st prize for exhibit F irst prize for best medical exhibit went to Mark A . Hoeplinger, M.D., at the 50th Annual Spring Clinical Day Exhibits Program held in May by the School of Medicine, in conjunction with the Medical Alumni Association. Dr. Hoeplinger's award-winning exhibit tried to show what modem laser surgery can do for patients with vocal chord problems. An advantage of modem laser surgery is its ability to safely evaporate growths, polyps, and nodules with great precision. A clinical instructor in otolaryngology at UB's School of Medicine, Hoeplinger recently opened his own practice in West Seneca. Second prize was awarded to Allen Richmond, Ph.D., clinical instructor in otolaryngology, for his educational exhibit on the efforts necessary for the complete rehabilitation of the laryngectomy patient. In order for the patient to regain the ability to speak, a silicon prosthesis is inserted during an operative puncture procedure. The speech pathologist then works together with the surgeon to rehabilitate the patient post-operatively. Dr. Richmond was assisted by Richard Buckley, M.D., John Kloepfer, and the New Voice Club, which is a group of patients who have undergone the total laryngectomy procedure and now offer support to similarly involved patients in their recovery. Third prize went to George J. Alker, Jr., M.D., and Angelo M. DelBalso, D.D.S., M.D., for their presentation on a new method of imaging the maxillofacial region. This new type of x-ray unit, which is a modification of the panoramic technique applied to other facial structures, gives better images at a lower radiation dose. Dr. Alker is chairman and professor in the UB Radiology Department. Dr. DelBalso, a clinical associate professor of radiology at UB, is director of maxillofacial imaging at the dental school here. • BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN I AUTUM '87 �30 Alumni CLASS REUNIONS 1937 First Row seated on floor - left to right: David H. Weintraub, M. Luther Musselman, Irving Weiner Second Row seated - left to right: Theodore C. Flemming, Robert W. Upsett, Charles F. Banas, Edwin 0. Kriedemann, Angelo Lapi Third Row standing - left to right: William F. White, John Ambrusko, Charles F. Stewart, Kenneth M. Alford, Charles Woeppel, Francis E. Ehret, Soli Goodman, James D. MacCallum, George F. Koepf The Spring Clinical Day program featured reunions of several Medical School Classes pictured on this and the following pages. The traditional class gifts to the School of Medicine from the groups pictured totaled $107,597, including these group contributions: Class of 1937: $7,637; Class of 1942: $51, 200; Class of 194 7: $7, 225; Class of 1952: $8,075; Class of 1957: $6,110; Class of 1962: $12, 725; Class of 1967: $5,325; Class of 1972: $4,150; Class of 1977: $5,150. AUTUMN '87 1942 Left to right - seated: Richard Ament, Kent L. Brown, Joseph E. Anderson, Michael A. ]urea Seond Row standing - left to right: Howard N. Frederickson, Vincent ] . Parlante, L. Walter Fix, William]. Staubitz, Boris L. Marmolya, Richard T. Milazzo 1947 First Row seated on floor - left to right: Robert ]. Dean, Frederick D. Whiting, Hans Kipping, Jack Lippes, Jerome l. Tokars Second Row seated - left to right: William C. Baker, Arthur J. Schaefer, Hallie B. Mont, William M. Bukowski, Salvatore Aquilina Third Row standing - left to right: John B. Sheffer, James F. Phillips, Peter ]. Julian, William S. Edgecomb, James F. Stagg, Jean Czysz Yockey, Richard]. Kenline, Carl ]. Nicosia, Elbert Hubbard lll, David H. Nichols BUFFAID !PHYSICI AN I �31 Alumni 1952 First Row seated on floor - kft to right: Ralph M. Obkr, Roy J. Thurn Second Row seated - kft to right: Charlotte Weiss, Wilbur Schwartz, Burton Stulberg, Barbara G. Corky, Phoebe Saturen Third Row seated - kft to right: Robert A. Baumler, Byron Sheesky, David Hertz, S. Aaron Simpson, Oliver J. Steiner Fourth Row - kft to right: Donald F. Dohn, Neal W. Fuhr, John Y. Ranchoff, Victor Panaro, Albert A. Gartner, Jefferson Underwood, Travers Robbins, Donald H. Sprecker, Francis A. Fote, Milton Lapp, James Zelkr, Melvin Dyster 1957 First Row seated on floor - kft to right: Daljit S. Sarkaria, Ben Celniker, Arthur L. Beck, Bernard D. Wakefield Second Row seated - kft to right: James E. lAsry, Gemumte L. Boncaldo, Harold C. Castilone, Robert B. Sussman, Sherman Waldman, Richard R. Riley, James T. Collins Third Row standing - kft to right: Capt. D. R. Hauler, John S. Parker, Frank J. Chafe!, Jerome P. Kassirer, Sol Messinger, Richard F. Milkr, Charks O'Connor, John K. Cusick, Ross Markello 1962 First Row seated on floor - kft to right: Joseph R. Gerbasi, Philip D. Morey, Gerald E. Patterson, Joseph P. Armenia, Charks G. Adams, Gary C. Hauser Second Row seated - kft to right: David E. Carlson, Robert G. Ney, Rae R. Jacobs, Roberta M. Gilbert, Marvin Z. Kurlan, Sebastian S. Fasanello, Paul J. Loree Third Row standing - kft to right: Michael M. Madden, George R. Tzetzo, Gordon R. Lang, William P. Scherer, Bernard Polatsch, Morton P. Klein, Ronald I. Dozoretz, Morton E. Weichsel, An- thony P. Markello Fourth Row standing - kft to right: Dean A. LeSher, Thomas 0. Fitzpatrick, Jack C. Fisher, Martin F. Abbert, Alan L. Pohl, Melvin J. Steinhart BUFFAID P HY S ICI AN ) AUTUMN '87 �32 Alumni 1967 First Row seated on floor - left to right: J. Brian Sheedy, John R. Anderson, John J. Treanor, Donald E. Miller, Thomas P. O'Connor Second Row seated - left to right: James Giambrone, Jonathan S. Ehrlich, Barry M. Epstein, John W. Gibbs, Carl Ehmann, Laird C. Quenzler, Barry R. Weiss Th.ird Row standing - left to right: John P. Menchini, Jacob S. Kriteman, Thomas P. Sheehan, John P. Kelly, Burton L. Chertock, Anthony J. Lo Galbo, Ronald Josephson, Michael M. Phillips, Rocco Venuto, Paul Goldfarb, Trewr Robinson, George Starr 1972 First Row seated - left to right: Linda A. Kam, William T. Murray, Lawrence Schreiber Second Row standing - left to right: Richard Goldman, Stuart Rubin, Ian Frankfort, Philip C. Moudy 1977 First Row seated - left to right: Russell J. VanCoe.,ering, Helen M. Findlay, Thelma Caison-Sorey, Linda Smith, Nedra J. Harrison, Marciana Washington, Janice D. Williams, Haroey R. Goldstein Second standing - left to right: Robert M. Stabo, Duret Smith, Jeffrey A. Mogerman, Kenneth D. Anthone, Ke.,in C. Greenidge, Alan S. Kurittky, Carl J. Schmitt, Larry M. Altschul, Ste.,en S. Stone, John D. Zimmerly, Gregory Young, Ronald W. Neuberg, Elsburgh 0. Clarke, Albert Schlisserman, Jeffrey K. Seitelman, Howard A. Lippes, Ronald A. Vidal AUTUM '87 BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I �33 Alumni Dr. Zeplowitz named president of Alumni group F ranklin Zeplowitz, M.D., has been elected president of the UB Medical Alumni Association. Zeplowitz will serve a one-year term as president of the Governing Board, which represents more than 4,500 alumni of the School of Medicine. A 1958 graduate of the University of Buffalo School of Medicine, he was elected into the honor society Phi Beta Kappa. A specialist in general and pediatric surgery, he is a member of the staffs of Buffalo General and Children's hospitals and is an attending surgeon at Mercy Hospital and Our Lady of Victory Hospital. Dr. Zeplowitz is a diplomate of the National Board of Medical Examiners as well as the American Board of Surgery and is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. He is a past president of the Maimonides Medical Society and of Our Lady of Victory Hospital Medical Staff. Other elected officers of the Alumni Association are Paul H. Weirzbieniec, M.D., vice president, and Joseph L. Kunz, M.D., treasurer. Wierzbieniec is a member of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons, past president of the Western ew York Orthopaedic Society, and vice president of the New York State Society of Orthopaedic Surgeons. He is an assistant attending at Millard Fillmore Hospital and an associate attending at Buffalo General Hospital and is on the courtesy staffs of Children's Hospital and Erie County Medical Center. The UB clinical instructor in orthopaedics earned his B.S. from Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute and his M.D. from UB in 1974. Dr. Kunz earned his B. A. from Canis ius College and his M.D. from the UB School of Medicine in 1956. The UB clinical assistant professor of medicine is staff physician for the Outer East Side Clinic, Erie County Department of Health, and is associated with Hamlin Terrace Health Care Center, and Buffalo General and St. Francis hospitals. • BUFFAID PHYSICIAN I AUTUM '87 �34 Classnotes Hebert Berwald (M'27) • travelled from Napa, California, to attend Spring Clinical Day and his 60th Reunion. He reports: "The dinner was attended by Dr. Meyer Riwchun and myself only, but we enjoyed each other's company. I guess after 50 years, or at the latest 55 years, little attendance can be expected." George B. Kuite (M'27) • retired in 1969 afte r becoming totally disabled. His address is Intervale Road, North Conway, ew Hampshire 03860. 1930's William L. Seil (M'30) • informs us that he is retired and living in Homosassa, Florida. Arthur W. Strom (M'32) • was elected a Laureate of the Michigan Chapter of the American College of Physicians. Dr. Strom retired from private practice in internal medicine in 1977. His hobby has been fly fishing in the rivers of Michigan. Dr. Strom's activities are now divided between Naples, Florida, and Hillsdale, Michigan. AUTUMN '87 Thomas S. Bumbalo (M'36) • Before he departed from the Buffalo area, the Buffalo Pediatric Society presented Dr. Bumbalo with a plaque commemorating his achievements over the past 55 years. Dr. Bumbalo served on the Children's Hospital staff since 1936 and was on the facu lty of the Medical School for 55 years. He is a past president of the Erie County Medical Society and the Western ew York Hospice, and a former administrator of the Edward J. Meyer Memorial Hospital. Dr. Bumbalo is also past vice president of the ew York State Medical Society, and a former member of the Erie County Board of Health. Dr. Bumbalo now lives in Haines City, Florida, and is obtaining a limited license to practice as a volunteer in the Migrant Workers Pediatric C linic in Polk County, Florida. Julian Ascher (M'40) • of Buffalo is assistant professor of internal medicine, emeritus. Dr. Ascher has been retired since 1984. Stanley B. Clark (M'41) • of Forestville, New York, is a past member and vice president of the Forestville Board of Education . Dr. C lark is a specialist in radiology and geriatric medicine. Thomas F. Frawley (M'44) • has received the Laureate Award of the American College of Physicians. This award was given in recognition of Dr. Frawley's commitment to excellence in education and professional performance in medicine. Dr. Frawley is professor and chairman of Graduate Medical Education at St. John's Mercy Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Frawley is currently serving as a National Board Member of UB's Medical Alumni Association. 1950's Karl Manders (M'SO) • has biographies in Who's Who in America 1986-1987 and Who's Who in The Biobehavioral Sciences 1987. Dr. Manders has a private practice in neurosurgery in Indianapolis, Indiana. Burton Stulberg (M'52) • of Buffalo was honored at the Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic's 50th Anniversary celebration by the Erie County Legislature, the BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN Mental Health Association, and the Board of Directors of the C linic. Dr. Stulberg was cited for more than 30 years of service as director of medical services of the Clinic. John LeValley (M'SS) • informs us that he is retired and his new address is: 414 Madeira Avenue, Coral Gables, Florida 33134. Richard H. Musgnug (M'59) • of Cherry Hill, ew Jersey, wrote a chapter for the reference book Demis on skin atrophies entitled, "Clinical Dermatology," published by Harper and Row. Dr. Musgnug is an assistant clinical professor of dermato logy at Thomas Jefferson Medical School. 1960's Kenneth E. Bell (M'61) • recently completed the Kaiser Permanente Executive Program at Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Dr. Bell has a private practice in obstetrics and gynecology in Anaheim, California. Ray Hippchen (M'61) • writes that he joined the Mid-Dakota �35 Classnotes Clinic in Bismarck, orth Dakota, in January 1987. He is a clinical associate professor of pediatrics at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and has been a practicing pediatrician in the Bismarck community for the past ten years. Jack C. Fisher (M'62) • recently was elected a director of the American Board of Plastic Surgery. He is a professor of surgery, and head of the Division of Plastic Surgery at the University of California, San Diego. Roberta M. Gilber t (M'62) • gave a paper at Georgetown University Family Center's Annual Symposium in 1986, "What is Communication?," especially in regard to relationships. Dr. Gilbert has a private practice in psychiatry in Prairie Village, Kansas. Virginia V. Weldon (M'62) • deputy vice chancellor for medical affairs, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, has been elected to the ationa! Board of Medical Examiners. Dr. Weldon is vice president of the Washington University Medical Center. She is also immediate past chairman of the Association of American Medical Colleges, and the first woman chosen to lead the organization. Dr. Weldon is recognized nationally as a spokesperson on issues in medical education, biomedical research, and legislation affecting health care costs. Leonard Jacobson (M'64) • of Cincinnati, Ohio, writes that in 1986 he was president of the Cincinnati Society of Ophthalmology. John A. Manzari (M'64) • is the director of pulmonary services and vice president of professional affairs for United Health Services, which includes hospitals in Binghamton, Endicott, and Johnson City, New York. Dr. Manzari is a clinical professor of medicine at Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse. Robert N. Schnitzler (M'65) • is clinical professor of medicine at The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, and is president of the Cardiovascular Institute for Continuing Medical Education and Research. Dr. Schnitzler serves as program chairman of the Island Symposium on Cardiac Pacing, Maui, Hawaii . Richard J. Goldberg (M'74) • has been appointed psychiatristin-chief at the Rhode Island Hospital and Women & Infants Hospital in Providence. Dr. Goldberg is an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at Brown University. The author of numerous books and papers, he is currently a reviewer for the Journal of Hospital and Community Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, ]our- nal of Nervous & Mental Disease, and Social Science & Medicine. John C. Rowlingson (M'74) • of Charlottesville, Virginia, writes that he has been promoted to professor of anesthesiology at the University of Virginia Medical Center, and is continuing as director of the Pain Management Center. Mark J. Polis (M'77) • was conferred as a fellow of the American College of Surgeons in October, 1986. Dr. Polis has a private practice in urology and urologic surgery in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Michael Thomas Ross (M'81) • will join the staff of the Department of Emergency Medicine at Hurley Medical Center in Flint, Michigan, as assistant director of the Emergency Medicine Department and director of training in emergency medicine. His responsibilities will include development and implementation of an emergency medicine residency. Gerard F. Vitale (M'82) • has completed five years of general surgical training at North Shore University Hospital, and is now a BUFFAID I PHYS ICI AN I fellow in vascular surgery at St. Vincent's Hospital, Portland, Oregon. Catherine A. Goodfellow (M'83) • of Rochester, New York, writes, "Entered private practice in pediatrics starting July 1987 on half-time basis while keeping up with our children: Jordan, 6; David 4; Andrea 2; and Aaron 9 months." Michael S. Wenzel (M'83) • has transferred from Quantico, Virginia, to Gaeta, Italy, where he will serve as medical director of a branch of the Naval Medical Clinic for two years. He is also working on publishing a presentation he made. Michael P. McMullen (M'84) • completed his family medicine residency program in Rochester, ew York, in July 1987 and will be joining the Highgate Medical Group in the fall. Craig J. Schmidt (M'86) • writes, "I have recently completed my internship at St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Boston. July '8 7 began my three-year ophthalmology residency at Boston University Affiliated Hospitals." AUTUM '87 �36 Deaths Dr. Thaddeus J. Bugelski (M'41), 77, died February, 1987. The gynecologist-obstetrician served as an Army Medical Corps major and commanded battalions in Europe for four years. The unit under his command was the first medical banal ion to enter the Dachau concentration camp. He set up a hospital there to care for survivors and was awarded the Legion of Merit for his service. Bugelski was associated with Buffalo General, Mercy, Deacones , and St. Joseph Intercommunity hospitals, and was chief of staff for the latter two. He was a member of the county, state, and national medical societies • and the American College of Surgeons. UB pediatrician Dr. Wilbur J. Fisher died February 24, 1987. The UB clinical assistant professor of pediatrics practiced medicine in Buffalo for 45 years. Trained as a classical pianist in high school, he gave up plans for a musical career to enter medicine. He earned his bachelor's and medical degrees from Yale and Johns Hopkin . He was a member of the county, state, and national medical societies and the Maimonides Medical ociety. He is survived by a son, Dr. Julian, a faculty member at Harvard Medical School. • Dr. Ward White (M'42) died October 12, 1986, in Port St. Lucie, Fla., where he had lived ince 1964. He practiced medicine for many years in Gowanda, where he was a general surgeon at Tri-County Memorial Hospital. • D r. Carl). Graf, 69, died April25, 1987, in his home in Sea Island, Ga. The 1941 UB Medical alumnus gained a national reputation in neurosurgery. After neurosurgery training at Buffalo General Hospital, he was appointed a diplomate of the American Board of Neurological Surgery as well as to the Board of Psychiatric eurology. He served as one of the founders and president of the eurological Society of America. He served as part of Project Hope in Peru in 1963. Until his retirement, he was a professor of neurology at the University of Iowa's College of Medicine, whose library was named after him. His urvivors are two sons, a sister, and his mother. • AUTUMN '87 John G. Ball (M'36) died suddenly March 19, 1987, from injuries sustained in an automobile accident. Dr. Ball established a general practice in 1938 in Bethesda, Maryland, until his induction into the U.S. Army in 1942. He served in the Philippines and was discharged in 1946, at which time he resumed his practice in Bethesda, retiring in 1982 after 40 years of practice. Dr. Ball held numerous medical association positions including president, Medical Arts Society of Greater Washington; and member, state president and Fellow of Letter to the Editor: Editor: It was interesting to read the article on medical inventions in the Buffalo Physician, Late Winter 1987 issue. In 1942, I devised the first serial section biopsy instrument which became the official instrument of the American Cystoscope Company and was featured in their catalogs for eight years. The instrument was well received and, incidentally, I was awarded the American Cancer Society Award for this new invention. Mr. Fred Wallace, president of American Cystoscope Co., told me they had tried unsuccessfully for 25 years to make such an instrument. Originally, I had devised this instrument as a prostatic biopsy device, but it became very popular for bone, muscle, skin, etc., as it gave a serial section of the tissue. This provided the pathologist with the earliest identification of carcinomatous v. benign tissue. Harry Bergman, M.D. Class of 1934 Clinical Professar of Urology University of Miami BUFFAID ! PH YSICI AN ! Academy of Family Practice. Dr. Ball is survived by his wife, a son and a daughter. • Dr. Donald Duncan, chairman of Anatomy at UB from 1943 to 1944, died February 17, 1987, at 84. He was a distinguished and widely known anatomist who also served as chairman of the University of Texas' Department of Anatomy. He served as editor of the American Journal of Anatomy and president of the American Association of Anatomy, from which he received the Henry Gray Award in 1971. Nine �Deaths department chairmen of anatomy came from his faculty at Galveston. Interestingly, several museum dissections which he prepared while at UB are still used in the teaching of gross anatomy and neuroanatomy. • Dr. Max Landsberger, clinical associate professor of pediatrics (emeritus), died recently. He had served 41 years on the Medical School's faculty. • On January 28, 1987, Joseph E. Rutecki, M.D., died. He was a UB clinical assistant professor of anatomy and clinical associate in surgery for 35 years. • Dr. Eugenia Fronczak-Bukowska, 83, died April 15, 1987. She was the first woman master's degree graduate from Canisius College (1924) and earned her M.D. from UB in 1928. She specialized in gyn-ob and geriatrics and wa; medical director of the Downtown ursing Home. She was associated with other nursing homes, the Red Cross' pheresis unit and was on the board of directors of the Erie County Health Department, for which her late husband served as commissioner. For 40 years, she was on the medical staff of the Felician Sisters Institutions (founded by her father, also a doctor). They honored her with an award, as did the Catholic Diocese of Buffalo, the Women's Society of ew York and D'Youville College, where she was on the board of trustees. She was also active in a variety of Polish organizations. She is survived by two sons, a daughter, and seven grandchildren. • Erratum: • In the Spring Issue, p. 7, Jon Pullano's profile of Dr. Richard Lee said that Dr. Lee landed the 74 7 Flying Tiger. It should have read that "he was given the privilege of flying it for part of the time." In the same issue, p. 34, Dr. Worthington G. Schenk, Jr.'s name was misspelled, and he has put in 36, not 26 years of service at UB. -----------------------------------------------------------------NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSAI?Y IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 2210 BUFFALO. NY POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE BUFFAID P H Y S c A N 139 Cary Hall State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo. New York 14214-9980 1... II .1 •• 1•• 1.1 ... II .1 •• II .1 .. 1.1 •• 1.. 1.11 ..... 1. II �BUFFAID I p H y s c A Nl State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo. New York 14214 Non -Profit Org. U .S. Postage PAID Buffalo, N.Y. 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Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. 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Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1987 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/d0d2e8057d2c900cb8f50519e9c927b9.pdf 3136785eac64c47730e28c22f159a19d PDF Text Text p H y s A N SUMMER'87 VOLUME 21, NUMBER2 - Doesthephysicianhavea rol.eto play? �BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I Dea n's Message STAFF EXECUTIVE EDITOR, UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS Rolxn T . Marlett BU FFALO PHYSICIAN EDITOR Bruce S. Kershner ART DIRE<..."TOR Alan J. K11:lcr PHOTOGRAPHY Phyllis Chmcophn Douglas Levere Frank Luterek Ed Nownk ADV ISORY BOA RD Dr John Nau1thton. C:lu111man Dr HarolJ Brody Mr . Kevin C raig Ms . Karen OryJa Ms Nancy Ghcco Dr Jame s Knnsk, Ms . Manon Manon o"sk1 l)r . Dan1d Mordh Dr . Charle, Pagandh Mr . James Ph1ll1ps Mr . John Pull, Dr . Rol,.,rt Schell! Mr . Mike Sha" Mr . Steve Sh1vansky Mr Raul Vclasque: Dr . Mary Voorhc ss Dr . John Wn1tht Dr. Maggie Wright Dr Franklin upl01mz Dr J=ph Zam, Jr. D ear Friends of the School of Medicine. In the last issue of the Bufflo Physician,l announced that a new Consortium involving the eight teaching hospitals and the School of Medicine would be formed. A more complete story is enclosed in the contents of the current issue. Since the March 10, 1987 announcement, the hospital directors, consultants and my office have been busily engaged in the formation and implementation of the consultants' recommendations and suggestions. Although far too early to assessthe ultimate potential and/or outcome of this organization, there is obviously a spirit throughout the professional and non-professional community which is supportive of the con• cepts embodied in the goals and objectives of the Consortium. In these rather turbulent times for medical schools, hospitals in general, teaching hospitals in particular, and physicians (whether they be tenured academic faculty or engaged principally in private practice), it is apparent that a spirit of cooperarion designed to promote the best in academic medical centers and to maintain Buffalo's momentum as an academic health center exists among the organization's membership. In the months ahead our commitment co the attainment of mutually agreed upo n goals will be tested many times. There is every reason for optimism because of the long tradition of ongoing working relationships between the Medical School and its teaching hospitals and the full-time and voluntary faculty who conduct the academic and patient care activities in these facilities. As we work cooperatively to prepare for the realities of the I990's, I think our past history bodes each of us well and chat the Medical School and its missions will be strengthened con· siderably in the years ahead. Sincerely, John Naughton, M.D. Vice Pmiden1for ClinicalAffairs Dean, SchoolofMedicine TEAC HING HOSP ITALS Buffalo General C hildren', Enc Count\ MeJ1calCemcr l.11:n:y Mallard Fillmore Ro,,.dl Park Memorial lnst11u1c Sister s of Ch:imy Veterans Adm1mstrat1on Medical C enter Produced lry the D1rn1on of Unmirsuy Rdau on, in ruso,:1a11onu uh rhe S.:hool of Medicine , Stare Un1«'TJIIJ of Neu YOTkat Buffalo THEBlJFFALOPHYSICIAN(USPS 551 -86 0 ) Srnng 19!:!7. Volume 21 , Number I Published (ave t i me< annually : Late Want e r, Spr1n1t. Summer, Fall and Early Winter - by the School ot Med1c1nc, State Uno• ver s11yof New York at Buffalo , 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14214 . Third class bulk po sta1t• paid at Buffalo . New York . Send address changes to THE BUFFALO PHYS! • CIAN. 139 Cary Hall , 3435 Main Srreet . Ruffalo. N~w York 14214 A Message From Th e Medical A lumni Associa tio n I am proud to be the President of your Alumni Association for che next yea~. Col)ectively, as an active association, we work in close cooperauon with the Medical School and the Dean the student body and its governing group, and with you, our alumni.• Spring Clinical Day in May, was again a great success, both scientifical· ly and socially. We hope tha t all the alumni will look forward to the 1st weekend of May each year and plan to attend what will now be named "SpringClinicalDay and Reunion Weekend." I woul~ like ~~ ~ear from you concerning any suggestions, advice, or construcnve crmc1sm you may have for the Alumni Governing Board. Add ress your comments to me, at 3435 Main Street, 139 Cary Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214. In the future I will kee~ you abreast of all the alumni upcoming events and the recepnons at nanonal meetings throughout the councry both in t his column and in my newsletter to you. ' Havea wonderfulsummer! Franklin Zepl owitt , M.D. '58 �B p H y Cm,•r arr b, B,...,.da ~lvn, CONTENT S 2 Ph ysicians and Smoking Ce ssation . "Doctors are simply not fulfilling their jobs as advisors and protectors of their patients' health if they do not assertively instruct their patients to quit smoking," according co Michael Cummings, Ph.D., of Roswell Park and UB. Also: A Doctor's Primer on Motivating Patients to Quit, information about Nicorette, a nicotine-based chewing gum designed to help people quit smoking, and news of a student brigade from the School of Medicine that has launched an attack on teenage smoking. 8 Kno ckin g the Supernatural. Three of the founders of the School of Medicine conducted one of history's earliest scientific investigations of paranormal phenomena when they looked into the mysterious "Rochester Rappings" of the mid 1800s. 11 High T ech Babie s. Western New York Technology Development Center has spawned three of them. A NOBE L YEAR • 16 They say that winning a Nobel Prize cakes a year out of your life. But what a year it is! IN P URSU IT OF BUTTERFLIES • 18 lchiro Nakamura, an associate professor of pathology, travels the world in pursuit of his life-long hobby. terflres hat,e been the life-long lwbln 1cnaro Nakamura of Dr. PEOPLE • 20 MEDICA L SCHOO L NEWS • 22 Dr. Leon Farhi is developing a prospectus for a new Institute for Biomedical Engineering. School plays pivocal role in new medical consortium. RESEARCH • 29 The Poor and Cancer. Poor management practices plague the nation's blood supply. Marijuana use may decrease male fertility. HOSPlT AL NEWS • 34 CLASSNO T ES • 36 �2 "D ouors arc ,imply not fulfilling their Joh-. , ad Visors and protl'\.tors o( their patients' health i( chev do not as<;(;rtivelv instruct their panents to quit smoking." So ,race, MKhacl Cummings, Ph.D., o( the Department o( Cancer Control and Ep1dem1ology at Ro,well Park ~1cmorial ln,citutc and a UB I nical a<-<-istantpro(e-.sor of "()<. :ii and pren:ntive ml.J1Cine. Cummings 1s also the director of Roswell Park's ,mok ng control program and a man committed co helping pt'Ople to quit smoking. DOCTORSSHOULD PLAYCRITICALROLE IN AIDINGPATIENTS 1D QUITSMOKING BY SHA \\N CAREY SUMMER'Bi "Smoking c1.-ssat1onrepresents one of our mo,c nht-eff1.'Cm·eforms of discasc prevention," Or. Cumm ·r pointed out, "and physicians, as well as other health professional,, can and should be cff1.'l..tivcanti• smoking counselor,;. The pay-off outweighs the effort." "Phy<-iciansshould first of all 1dent1fya patient as a smoker or a non-smoker and then treat the smoking just as they would high blood pressure, for example," Cummings says. "Helping a patient co scop <-mokingis a gooJ m1.-d1cine,and, in my opinion, it is of ab,;olute n1.'C1....,sity that physician<.look at it in ch1.<-amclight." He bas<.><; his strong statement on two point that <-mokin is the ,ingl most important cnuse of preventable di-.easc in America; and that smokers' physicians can play the most int<.-gralrole in motivating their patient, co quit. This latter point i, h-i~ on a <.rudvconduct1.-dby Cumming at Roswell Park last year. In this study, 283 cigarette-smoking patient, of 28 familv pracnce r1....,1denr, were BUFFAI.D ' • y followed over a period of three months to asS<.~<; change in smoking behavior "\\'c found wide vananon among the doctors in tht percentage of their patients who succ1."1.,k-din quming," Cummings noted. "It rang1.-dfrom anywhere ht.•cwcen :ero and 20 r r cenr. "Obv1ou,h we wen: intcr<.-:-.tcd in finding out why. We made some rather nmable discoveries. "Interestingly, of the four doctors who were ,mokers themsclv~. not on1.· had a patient who successfully quit smoking. These doctors were bs likely to tnlk to their patient, about qu1mng." Further· �3 ; ~ i0 ~ ---------------------------------"-----------------------...J more, the patients of smoking doctors can often tell that their doctor smokes, whether or not they actually observe it or are told about it. A ccording to Cummings, a definite trend developed in the study. The more adamant the stance against smoking by the physician, the more seriously the patient would consider quitting. Consequently, the percentage of patients who actually quit smoking over the three month period was highest for those physicians who took the hardest and most determined stance against smoking. Because they can have such a pos itive effect on smoking cessation, Cummings says it is imperative that physicians and the health community as a whole take it upon themselves to see that the people they treat quit smoking. "Smoking is the largest contributor to health problems in this country," Cummings said. "It is time for physicians to realize that smoking should be treated as a disease and not an unrelated aspect of a patient 's lifestyle." Previous research by Cummi ngs indicates that if a doctor can get a patient to quit smoking for three months, the odds are BUFFAID s CT-H V I C I A N I j good rhat that person will nor start smoking again. According to Cummings, an earlier study indicated that if a smoker can make it th rough the first few weeks of quitting without a cigarette, the nicotine withdrawal symptoms which often accompany quitting (i.e., irritability, fatigue, insomnia) will lessen significantly, and rhe person will have a good chance of remaining an exsmoker for good . "Smokers and their physicians should know that withdrawal symptoms associated with quitting smoking will decrease rapidly after cessation," Cummings said. SUMMER'87 �4 significantly decrease the prevalence of cigarette smoking and eventually reduce the incidence of smoking related diseases. "The Community Intervention trial will determine if a broad, persistent, and sustained application of our knowledge of smoking prevention and cessation, when delivered in an environment which is supportive of nonsmoking, can substantially reduce the use of cigarettes in a clearly defined population," Cummings said. "We are hopeful that this trial will identify methods which we can apply co our nation-wide goal of smoking cessation." Cummings reports that the project is one of the largest of its kind ever undertaken and represents an important commitment by the National Cancer Institute to reducing cigarette use. The award will also establish Roswell Park's preeminence as a center for research in what Cummings terms "the most important behavioral health issue of our time." In addition to the significance of this long term study, Cummings is doing what he can to decrease smoking right now. Early in 1987, the Buffalo News ran a week-long series titled 'Time to Quit." The stopsmoking series, put together jointly by Roswell Park and the News, was aimed at encouraging Western New York smokers to make quitting their primary New Year's resolution. Cummings estimates that about 10,000 Erie County smokers quit smoking as a result of the News series. On the heels of the News series came the report by the New Yerk State Health Department that every year smoking claims the lives of more than 26,000 people in New York State alone. This sobering statistic should weigh on the consciences of many who are contemplating quitting, as well as physicians who do not urge their patients to quit. ''Withdrawal symptoms associatedwith quittingsmoking will decrease rapidly. Becauseof this,a doctorcan, in a very shortspan, do a greatdealto enhancea patient's longtermhealth." "Because of chis, a doctor can in a very short span do a great deal to enhance a patient's long-term health." ummings' urging of doctors co become a prime force in the reduction of smoking is just part of a larger, nationwide vision. "Approximately a half-million Americans die every year from the effects of smoking. And even though smoking rates are on the decline, this statistic indicates that the decrease has not been rapid enough. Ir is our goal to work coward a smoke-free America by the rum of the century," he says. To help him do this, the National Cancer Institute awarded a $2,196,864 research contract co Cummings last November. With the contract Roswell Park will become one of 11centers in the United Scates and Canada to participate in a cooperative program to evaluate a community-wide anti-smoking effort involving physicians, the media, worksites, and other groups interested in helping people quit. This eight-year, experimental project will determine if a communitybased anti-smoking campaign can C SUMMER '87 T hrough extensive research Cummings has been able to determ ine which factors most strongly influence a smoker co quit. He has incorporated these findings BUFFAID f PHv $ 1 C1£1LJ �5 A DOCTORS PRIMERON MOTIVATINGPATIEN1STO QUIT SMOKING 1. Identify which of )'OUT patients are smokers.This should become as routine as measuring vital signs. Charts of smoking patients should be flagged. Schedule visits for smoking treatment only. 2. Take a firm, no-nonsenseand assertive approach in instructing your smokingpatientsto quit. Mose patients need to be cold, nor advised, to quit smoking. 3. Avoid ambiguities,uncertaintiesor a lack of commitment in )'Our approach. The slightest ambiguity may be all chat some smokers need to justify continuing their habit. 4. Assist the patient in settinga target date for quitting. It will add structure to the patient's effort and strengthen his or her commitment. 5. Schedulea follow-up visit within ten days after the quit date. This commits the patient to follow through and to discuss any problems. It also allows the physician a second opportunity co motivate the patient if he or she has relapsed. and come up with a guideline for counseling smokers co quit. "First, and perhaps most important, is office management," Cummings said. 6. Provideyour patientswith the tools quit smoking. Prescribe, when appropriate, Nicorecte gum (see accompanying article). Instruct them on what clinics or support programs to enroll in and how to minimize weight gain and withdrawal symptoms. to 7. Useyourofficeenvironmentto send a stronganti-smokingmessage.Prohibit smoking, display anti-smoking posters, and provide literature in waiting rooms on smoking cessation and hazards of smoking. 8. Serveas a non-smokingrole model for yourpatients.Smoking doctors are much less effective in getting their patients to quit than non-smoking doctors. Patients will be reluctant to accept "do what I say, not as I do" advice from another smoker. And most patients can tell if their doctor smokes, even if the doctor tries co conceal it. • "Smoking should be banned in healthcare facilities and smoking reduction materials should be made available in waiting rooms. The office management BUFFAID t c, L !!. v 1 , A N:=J ''The decisionto stop smokingrequires threemotivational factors.Smokers must:perceivethe risks;understand the benefitsof quitting;and believein their abilityto succeed.'' system should also allow for routine assessment of the patient's smoking status, time to talk with patients about smoking, and scheduling of visits for smoking treatment only, as is done with ocher medical conditions (e.g. hypertension). "Second, the doctor should help cultivate the patient's motivation to quit. The decision to stop smoking requires three motivational factors. Smokers must: 1) perceive the risk of smoking in personal health terms; 2) understand the benefits of quitting, and; 3) believe in their ability to succeed. "Finally, for patients interested in quieting, a quit plan should be devised by the physician. This plan should include a date for quitting, a scheduled follow-up visit, and may include a prescription for Nicorette chewing gum, manufactured by Merrill Dow, Inc. (see sidebar), referral to a stop smoking clinic, and / or use of a selfhelp guide." According to Cummings, providing the motivation to quit is the key to actual smoking cessation. Since a smoker's physician plays the most integral role in motivating a patient to quit and in actually succeeding, it dramatically underscores the responsibility of the physician in resolving the nation's most preventable killer. • SUMMER '87 �6 NICORETTE BY SHAWN C A REY icorette, a nicotine-based chewing gum that was designed to help people quit smoking, has received a thumbs-up from a leading authority on smoking cessation. The quit-smoking aid was invented 20 years ago by Claes Lundgren, M.O., Ph.D., UB professor of physiology, and has been marketed in che U.S. by Merrill Dow, Inc. since 1984. "When used properly, Nicorette does aid in smoking cessation," notes K. Michael Cummings, research assistant professor of social and preventive medicine and director of Roswell Park's anti-smoking program. He has reviewed many clinical studies done on rhe effectiveness ofNicorette in smoking cessation. According to Cummings, these studies consistently demonstrate Nicorette's value as an aid in cessation. "In fact, heavy smokers probably benefit from it the most. I would recommend it to almost anyone trying to quit smoking and I think chat physicians should definitely include a prescription for the gum in their treatment of smoking cessation," Cummings emphasizes. N SUMMER '87 Nicorette, available over che counter in Sweden but only by doctor's prescription in the United States, is effective in weaning heavy smokers from cigarettes because it eases rhe nicotine withdrawa l symptoms which accompany smoking cessation. To avoid experien cing a "nicotine fit," smokers are instructed to chew a piece of Nicorette instead of lighting up. Cummings stresses char rhe only time Nicorette hasn't proved effective is when it has been used incorrectly by a patient. When prescribing Nicorette, a physician should make sure the patient knows how to use the gum properly . "When a physician prescribes insulin, he doesn't simply send the patient off and expect him to know how to administe r it to himself," Cummings said. "The physician should sit down with his patient and go over exactly how to use Nicorette. Even have him chew a piece of rhe gum and make sure he's chewing it properly. "The most common side effects people BUFFAID L!....E.vS1C1E.JL] using rhe gum have experienced are almost all due ro improper chewing of ic. They chew the gum coo quickly, cake in coo much nicotine, and ger nauseous. They chew coo hard and chey experience headaches. The failure race of Nicorecce is most commonly related to che patient noc using it for the prescribed amount of time. Some scop using it after a week or a month and wonder why it doesn't work. "Again, in most cases where Nicorecte is unsuccessful in bringing about cessation ir is because of incorre ct use. Often the patient uses the gum while continuing co smoke. Obviously in these cases the gum is not being used properly." Cummings urges physicians to take the time co first learn the proper procedures for using Nicorette gum and then to teach these procedure s to their patients. "However, motivation is still the key," Cummings said. "Nicorette will ease the craving for nicotine, but it's still up to the smoker co reach for Nicorette instead of a cigarette when these cravings come on ." • �7 STUDENTBRIGADES IAUNCH STATE'S1ST ANTI--SMOKING DRNE N ew York State's first anti-smoking campaign to be initiated by medical students has been launched in Buffalo. The campaign is being carried out by "Student Brigades" from rhe UB School of Medicine, who have begun their "atta ck" on area junior high schools. As part of a student -initiated AntiSmoking Task Force, their aim is to educate seventh and eighth-graders in hopes of discouraging chem from starting to smoke. The educationa l program is conside red by the American Medical Women's Association to be the model reaching program nationally. According to Sharon Ziegler, secondyear medical student and task force coordinator, the primary focus of the program is on "tobacco advertising and the subtle influences which encourage young people to begin smoking." Secondarily, they arc teaching youths about the health effects of smoking. The task force consists of approximately 70 first- and second-year UB medical students, who go to area junior high schools with an elaborate presentation. The core of the presentation is a slide show, intended to "raise students' consciousness about advertising, which is a powerful force to get youths to smoke," says Ziegler. The students are shown slick ads that use sexy models, cloches, and sports to sell cigarettes. The goal of the task force is to show students how to avoid being "conned" into smoking by these persuasive ads. Ziegler says, "Student reaction so far has been wonderful; it's effective because the students haven't been influenced by the ads yet." The task force has chosen to aim the BY KATHLEE N RIG A stuilt' in Ru:cr ancl V 1 1<1Lnman Ctl cws~ m Clon•n~< Jr l1rgh program at junior high school students because, "it has been epidemiologically found," says Ziegler, "that high school is too late for such programs to work;" many people have already started smoking by then. She admits that "junior high may also be too late, but no research has been carried out yet on grade school students." he UB program, which was cited in a November 1986 article in The New York Times, was the brainchild of Lisa Benson, a third-year medical student. Benson got the idea for the program after hearing a lecture given by Dr. Allen Blum, founder of the Atlanta-based organization, Doctors Oughta Care (DOC). While speaking at UB in the Spring of 1986, Dr. Blum described the anti-smoking education program organized by DOC at the University of Virginia Medical School. Benson presented che idea to the American Medical Women's Assocation (AMW A), T BUFFAID jPMVS1CI AN ) for which she is national student coor• dinator. AMW A responded enthusiasti cally and decided to implement the program here. It rook the UB chapter of AMW A an entire year to go through the process of research, gecting videotapes, slides, data, permission, and funding. Finally in March of 1987, the "Student Brigades" made their first presentation. According to Ziegler, 30 schools in the Tonawanda, Kenmore, Cheektowaga, Williamsville, and Amherst areas have been contacted by the cask force and the response has been overwhelmingly positive. Because it cakes longer to obtain permission from public schools, more of the presentations ro dare have been made in private schools. Ziegler would like the task force ro become involved in ocher smoking prevention activities, in addition to the classroom presentations. Following the lead of a poster campaign run by DOC in Georgia, she hopes to organize a community-wide anti-smoking poster contest at UB. The DOC campaign produced such slogans as "Kool ... Cool as a Corpse" and "Emphysema Slims" - satirizing cigarette brand names. As a model reaching program for the nation, the Anti-Smoking Task Force program at UB is likely to pave the way for similar efforts throughout the country. The SUNY Health Science Center-Brooklyn has followed suit, adopting the idea and preparing to implement the program soon. The Task Force is funded and cosponsored by AMW A, the American Medical Student Association, and Polity, the UB medical student organization. • SUMMER '87 �8 c had been a beautiful mid-February week in Buffalo - moist, snow-free lawns, gentle sunny days, and 42 degrees. Street lamps, misty islands oflight, burned above the roadways in that curious evening almost a century and a half ago. At the Phelps House, a hotel across from a downtown Buffalo park, three well-dressed men were seated in a semicircle on elegant ne,, chairs, across from cwo single women seared on a sofa. All three men coldly scared at the women's legs, then in turn each laid his hands on the women's knees. The women showed no signs of alarm. The year was 1851. A nineteenth century brothel? Hardly. It was the scene of one of history's earli~t scientific investigations of paranormal phenomena, condurn:d by three of the founders of Scace University of New York at Buffalo and its Medical School. The cwo women on the sofa were Mrs. Leah Fish and her younger sister, Margaret Fox. Kate, the youngest of the Fox sisters, was absent that night. If you have never heard of the Fox sisters, they are the founders of "modern spiritualism." Spiritu alism, the concept that there is a world "beyond," includes the belief that certain individuals, or "med iums," can communicate with this afterworld. Around since ancient rimes, the belief waned over the cenrunes until the Fox sisters breathed new life into an old idea and reint roduced the concept into "modern spiritualism." Through them, thousands of 19th cenrury Americans were once again able to "hea r" spirits, and occasionally even "see" their work in action. For those of you not so comfortable with these notions, take heart, for there were people back then who felt as you do. Among them were three of Buffalo's most high ly respected physicians I th:~~es ti;e~~v~s:;y,A!~~ Charles A. Lee. The three UB docto rs were the ones examining the years earlier. According ro the knockings, he had been buried in the cellar. Within days, earnest digging ensued, but without knee. on February 19, 1851,and to say the success becaU!,cthe hole continuously filled least, they believed chat the sisters were with water. The previous owner of the clever but fraudulent "Fox~." house, living in a nearby rown, meanwhile got word of what was going on and promptly collected signatures attesting to T he story really began not in Buffalo, his good character. No charges were ever but in the village of Hydesville, 30 placed, but news of the strange rapping at miles east of Rochester. the Fox hou!>espread across the country• On the evening of March 31, 1848, the side. house of John and Margaret Fox, in the A fewday, passed before people realized quaint village of Hydesv1lle, became filled the knockings occurred only in the with no1s<..-s. The Foxes had just r<..-cenrly pre!>enceof the sisters, Margaret and Kate. moved into their rather modest home. Rather than accuse them of trickery, people John Fox was a reformed alcoholic, and by a,sumed that che sisters were gifted all accounts, both he and his wife were l"hannels for the supernatural. le was not faithful Methodists with no interest whatlong before Margaret and Kate were off to soevt:r in the occult. But that night the Rochester co hve with their eldest sister, walls, the doors, the floor were all knocking Leah Fish, a divorced music teacher. The re, loudlv, and che family huddled together. the rapping continued in full force. Their two daughters - Margaret, 15, and Rochester awoke to their call. Kate, 11 - were apparently just as fright• Numerous invesnganons were conducted ened as their parents. by members of the community - docrors, ln the following days, more than a dozen lawyers, politicians. The sister, repeatedly neighbors dropped by to see what the stir undressed before female commmees, to was really all about . On and off, rhe affirm that no concealed devices were rappings continued. With neighbors prespr<..-sent. Nothing was ever found. As word ent, an incredible thing happened. Somespread, Leah realized there was profit to be one developed a system through which made. P<..'Oplefrom hundred~ of m1k'S communication was established with the around would come to hear the "Rochester source of the knockings. A set number of Rappings." Among them were such noted raps was understood to mean either yes or figures as James Fenimore Cooper and no, and through a more tedious process, Horace Gn.'Cley.Unnoticed by most people the alphabet was recited continually, while was the fan that only the two younger the knockings thus spelled out messages. <-1ster" could produce the raps. Leah became Everyone was dumbfounded. The knockthe bustnl'SSleader of her two "psychic" ings not only correctly guessed the ages of sisters. She lx-gancharging price~of $1.00 a several people, but answered more personal head for public seances and 5.00 for questions as well. Then the mysterious rappnvate ont-s, which were hefty fees back pings indentified their source as the spirit of then. Leah later explamed that the feeshad a peddler, Charles B. Roena, who had been Ix-en"pr<..-xribedfor us," presumably by the murde red in the house some four or five ,pint world. ___ _ _________ __, KNOCKING women's .. . .. . • .. . . • • • • • • • • • •• •• ••• THE SUP SUMMER'87 BY PA UL O LC HV ARY t_ _ •• • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • , . ••••.•. u ap~:~t<..!;°6~ se:. e::~ oc~1:: siom, hundred~ of people claimed to have s<..-en mov · ing tables and chairs, and �Cf) C ~ ~ m ;,, o5 _, lllUSTAA TIONDANIEL ZAKROCZEMSKI \0 �at least at one seance, a playing guitar was said to have floated about the room. W.H. McDonald, a prominent journalist from 1c,, York City, reportc-d that the rap, varied "from a hght clear metallic c;ound to a muffled one" and occurred "now on the table before us and agam on the floor and in \ a nous di~tant parts of the room." Many cynics left these seances as believers. Soon, the Fox sisters were on the road. Their "act" was a ravmg success and rc-gularlyattracted overflow crowds. After the sisters traveled to Albany, New York C1t\, and cvcrvwhere in between, the\ finally came to Buffalo m 1851.Ors. Austm Flmt, Charlc-s Lee, and Charles Coventry were waiting for them. few days prior to February 19, 1851, the three doctors had attended one of the sisters' public seances "from motives of curiosity," as they reported in the Buffalo MedicalJournal,of which Austin Flint was the editor. The three were impressed. "We were surprised and puzzled by the loudness of the sounds, the apparent evidences of non-instrumentality on the part of the females, and the different dirc"Ctionsfrom which they seemed to emanate." But lest we forget, they were men of science, men of A Sl MMER '87 reason.Their years of education had taught them, almost to the point of instinct, to have an inherent mistrust of any such claim with which they were not familiar. Austin Flint's ancestry had "M.D." stamped all over it. His grandfather, Austin Flint, had been a respected surgeon in the American Army of the Revolution. The younger Austin Flint earned his degree in 1833at Harvard Medical School and came to Buffalo in 1836. Or. Flmt was well known for his medical writings. From his investigation of an 1843typhoid epidemic which claimed ten lives in North Boston, N.Y., Flint published a classicalstudy of the disease, that was the first to link it with having water-borne origins. In 1866, he published a medical textbook, A Treatiseof chePrinciplesand Practiceof Medicine,which eventually sold over 40,000 copies in the U.S. and abroad. Later in his life, Flint was elected president of the American Medical Association. By all accounts, he had been a popular and effective teacher as well. In August 1846,he became co-founder of and first professor of medicine at the University of Buffalo, holding the wordy but deserving title, "Professor of Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine." Flint was part of a highly capable team. Or. Charles Lee, who had once studied for the mmistry, was perhaps best known for being a prolific writer on medical and scientific subJects. His many publications on alcoholism ("intemperance," in those days) and on the management of institutions for the insane reflected not only his scientific but his humanitarian concerns as well. In 1846at Geneva College, Leehad had a key role m the admittance of Elizabeth Blackwell as a medical srudent which led to her becoming the first woman M.D. in the nation. As another co-founder of the University of Buffalo, Charles Lee became its fir:;t professor of pathology. Lee was quite a teacher, as confirmed in a medical student's diary from 1848-49:He was "the greatest of all the professors. . and worthy of our hearts' best and warmest emotions." And there was Charles Coventry, UB's first professor of physiology and medical jurisprudence. Like Austin Flint, Coventry was not the only physician in his family. His father, Alexander Coventry, was a doc- BUFFALO rJ M 'f \ ~ A N tor m Utica, where Charle5 gre,, up on a farm. Chark~ himself was too frail to work the farm, indeed he was sick throughout much of his life,but he somehm\ managed to graduate with his M.D. in 1825 from the College of Phv~icians and Surg1:on~ of �ll Western New York in Herkimer County. Coventry had always been deeply concerned over the poor treatment of the insane in county almshouses, and in 1836 he had a direct hand in establishing the "New York State Lunatic Asylum" in Utica, which, despite its archaic name, was a model institution. Coventry was a committed, industrious person. In February 1849, while teaching at Buffalo, he had an onset of hemoptysis - bleeding from the lungs - but returned to his duties five days later. February 19, 1851, Coventry and his two colleagues stepped from their conventional roles into a highly unconventional area, opening the door to a new object of research: spiritualism. T he three doctors must have felt their whole belief system threatened by the claims of the Fox sisters. Through a process of exclusion, they first put any supernatural explanations on the back burner. Then, with the understanding that the sisrers had been repeatedly examined by committees of women, and that rooms had been searched as well, they eliminated the possibility of artificial "knocking" devices. During the public seance, it became apparent co the doctors that only Margaret was capable of producing the sounds, and that it required quite an effort of will on her part. "lt was The Fox sisters, Margaret and Kate, with the third sister, Leah. plain," they said, "that it could not be continued very long without fatigue."They came to the conclusion that the source of the knockings was nor spiritual at all, bur wholly anatomical! The hard evidence they were looking for was, indeed, hard enough to knock on: knees. Margaret Fox, it turned out, had simulated "messages from the other side" simply by snapping her joints. Many of us can "crack" our knuckles, fewer can snap toes or knees. But some rare individuals can loudly dislocate certain joints with uncanny skill. During the initial stages of their investigation, the UB doctors came across a "respectable lady of this city," whom they identified in the Buffalo Mediail Journal only as "Mrs. P." She was able to produce sounds remarkably similar to the "Rochester Rappings," claimed the doctors, just by dislocating her knee joints. And she could do this without any obvious movement of her legs. That, reasoned Flint, Coventry, and Lee, was exactly the answer co the Rochester Rappings: the Fox sisters were merely accomplished "joint snappers." On February 17, the doctors published their allegations in the pages of the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. By the following day, Leah and Margaret had placed a short bur clear retort in the same newspaper, part BUFFALO r:::,r:[ v S1C 1A'L] of which read: As we do not feel willing to rest under the imputation of being imposters,we are t'ery tl'illing IO undergoa properand decent examination, provided tl'e ain select three male and three female friends u'ho shall be present on the occasion. Little time was wasted. The next day, a meeting was held at the Phelps House. A detailed report of the investigation appeared in the March 1851 issue of the Buffalo Mediail Journal. After a short delay, the two Rochester females being seared on a sofa, the knockingscommenced,and were continued for some rime in loud tones and rapid succession.The "spirits" were then asked ''tvhether chey would manifest themseli'esduring the sitting and respondto interrogatories." A series of raps followed,which were interpreted into a reply in rheaffirmative. The tuo females ivere then seated upon ttl'O chairs placed near together,their heels re.stingon cushions,theirlowerlimbs extended, with ihe toes elevated and che Jeer separatedfrom each ocher. .. We were prerty well satisfied chat the displacementof the bones requisitefor the soundscouldnot be effectedunlessa fulcrum were obtained by resting one foot upon the other, or on some resisting body. There was no knocking. The spirits refused to cooperate. When the sisters resumed their former positions, the knockings resumed. At this point, the sisters consented to a request by the doctors to have their knees held. Were the knee joints truly the source of the knockings, at least some bone movement would be perceptible to the holder. The experiment was only a minimal success. There was plenty of knocking whenever the knees were not being held, but only once otherwise, when Or. Lee relaxed his grip for a moment, were two or three faint raps heard. Leepromptly affirmed that "the motion of the bone was plainly perceptible to him." A fter the doctors published their findings, they were contacted by several people who could produce knocking SUMMER '87 �12 sounds not only wirh their knees, but with roes, fingers, hips, and in one case, a shoulder. In their amazement, the doctors pronounced that a door had been opened to "a new and curious field of physiological inquiry" and suggested to any eager scientists that "Articular as well as articulaced sounds seem to claim an investigation which they have not heretofore received." With regard to the Fox sisters, however, the doctors were convinced rhat Margaret's knees were the primary source of the knockings. The displacement occasioning the knockings is sufficient to remooe the ridge of bone which divides ihe ltl'O articularsurfacesof ihe upperexcremir.y of the tibia, from its situation in the sulcusbec1.veen the condylesof the femur, and ro carry it, more OT less, 1<pon che surfaceof the outer cond)le. This mooemeni givesrisecothe firstsound,and the recumof the bone coicsplacecausesthe secondsound, which in the Rochester knockings, generally follows quickly upon the firsi. The evening session of February 19came to a standstill when the two parties could not come co an agreement over a proposal by the docto rs co bandage the sisters' knees, so as to minimize the amount of bone movement. Tension had been high throughout the meeting, and at one point, Margaret is said to have broken into tears. It had been a grueling investigation, wirh periods of utter silence as long as 40 minutes. Nevertheless, the doctors were confident rhey had substantiated their allegations, that this would likely be the end of the Rochester Rappings. Nor so. Many people, particularly the "non-medical" public, found it difficult to believe that the knockings were jointproduced. As the doctors themselves frankly admitted, for many "it required almost as much stretch of the imagination to believe that such sounds could be produced in the joints, as that they involved a supernatural agency." Several questions remained. At seances, while participants would remain in place, knockings would come now from the wall, now from the doo r, then from the floor. How could the sisters have carried off this illusion? Simple, the doctors said. SUMMER '87 Variations in the supposed distance of the sounds simply reflected variations in the intensity of the sounds. As a ventriloquist "throws" his voice, the Fox sisters could "throw their knocks." But probably the hardest idea for people co accept, especially chose who had been co the seances, was that an)one could produce sounds of such intensity - reportedly loud enough to have caused vibrations on doors and tables without making themselves obvious. To this, the doctors simply responded that of all the joints in the body, the knee joint was the one "most favorable for the production of loud sounds." ''The FoxSisters becamelegendsin the spiritualistworld. In thefallowing years, theycontinuedto draw hugeaudiences, communicatin g to the faithfulvarious messages from the worldbeyond.Later, theystirredexcitement in England.In the 1870s,however, Kate Foxdeclared spiritualisma fraud: 'Many a time I have wept, because, when I was young, I was ledintosucha life.' " These three UB doctors were the first to present a solid theory on the Rochester knockings, and they were followed in the years co come by a number of other investigators, many of whom presented varia- BUFFAID l..L ti_ 't ~ I ..Ll_ A__!Lj tions on the joint theory. For rhe most part, however, their explanation fell on deaf ears. The faithful, of whom there were many, ignored the expose. After the doctors had published their reports, the knockings became a secondary attraction. Instead, the "spirits" focused their energies on kicking tables and chairs, ringing bells and gongs, and playing the banjo. Margaret Fox and Leah Fish abruptly left Buffalo on February 25, 1851. The Fox sisters became legends in the spiritualist world. ln the following years, they continued to draw huge audiences, communicating to the faithful various messages from the world beyond. Later, they stirred spiritualist sentiments all over England. But in the 1870s,Kate Fox - who had been absent during the Buffalo investigation - declared spiritualism a fraud. Every so calledmanifescacionproduced throughme in LondonOT anvwhereelse was a fraud. Many a time I·have wept, because,when I «<as young and innocenr, I was led into such a life. In 1888, Margaret followed suit, admitting that the primary source of the knockings had been their toes. Thus, it seems the Buffalo physicians had been correct in principle, though slightly off target. The story does not end here. In an ironic twist, Dr. Charles Lee later became a convert to the doctrine of the spiritual rappings, and felt indignant coward his uncompromising friends! (No explanation of this could be found.) Another bizarre event occurred when a skeleton was found in the basement of the original Fox house in Hydesville near the turn of the century. Spiritualists claimed it was that of the murdered peddler, Char les Roena, but this was never substantiated. Back to the present. Dr. Paul Kurtz of the Philosophy Department at UB heads the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), continuing a tradition started here 136 years ago by the th ree Buffalo doctors. Like his predecessors, Dr. Kurtz and his ream go around "knocking" psychics and "rapping" beliefs in the paranormal. • (Poul H~ron Olchvory 1so UB groduote 1n English.o profeSSIOl10Iwr,ter and o student of the intangible sodeof hfe) �13 TECHNOLOGY CENTER SPAWNS THREE In 1982,the WesternNew York Technology Development Center (TDC) was createdto spur the growthof "high technology"enterprisesthat will boost the economicdevelopmentof the region. The TDC, closelyaffiliatedwith the University, utilizes UB's tremendous pool of expertiseto establishstare-up companiesusually headed by UB researchers.Profiledhereare threeof the morethan a dozenincubatorcompanies spatuned. it hassuccessfully D esearchers in UB's Medical School continue to play a major role in the merging of biomedical research and technology that promises to spur new business in Western New York's depressed economy. For example, Or. Robert Baier, research professor of biophysics, directs the Health-Related Instruments and Devices Institute (HID!) and a large number of the researchers in HIDI and the Western New York Technology Development Center (IDC) are medical faculty. While many of the new devices or enterprises created by medical faculty have medical applications, others end up yielding non-medical applications. One such example is the "incubator" business established by Or. Hebe B. Greizerstein, research assistant professor of pharmacology and therapeutics. Her business, EB Associates Laboratories, Inc., is managed by the TDC, which was formed in 1983 to help the transfer of University research to industry and create new businesses. Greizerstein's enterprise is one of its biggest successes. Greizerstein developed her lab in R HIGH TECH BABIES BY DAVID C. WEBB response to the need for chemical analysis of industrial substances. While chemists can analyze plastics, paints, and adhesives in a matter of minutes with computerized Fourier-transform spectrometers, for example, the investment in equipment and in the salary of an on-site chemist may be too high for small companies to absorb. Even large companies sometimes find it difficult to justify the investment. To meet the need for chemical analysis outside the company lab, Dr. Greizerstein established her laboratory in the UBassociated, TDC-managed incubator. Although many materials can be ana- BUFFAID , _,4::EJ IT""B • sD lyzcd by her lab's equipment, Greizerstein decided to specialize in analysis of paints and adhesives. "We did a marketing survey and discovered that, although many labs work in this area, chis particular technology was available in only five companies nationwide," Greizerscein said. While the number of companies probably has increased since 1984, when che survey was taken, Greizerstein has managed co make a business out of filling che technology gap in the paint and adhesives industry. She says her business entails a lot of interesting detective work to crack down the right chemica ls co match the ingredients of a sample. One chemical company was wondering why its product was not performing properly. Greizerscein tracked down an impurity that was picked up in a shipping company's trucks . The shipping company apparently had not cleaned the trucks completely after a previous delivery. SUMMER'87 �14 T o avoid preiudicing the m;ults, Gre1zerstein seldom wants to know what sample she is analyzing, preferring to work with hlind samples. The analysis of the sample 1s then compared with the analyses of known samples to make a match. In connection with her company, Gre1:erstein has develop<.-d her own "library" of computerized analyses of paints, adhesives, and other materials, which are added to standard hhraries for even more complete analysis of the-.c materials. She rL>tentlyadded a library of 6,CXX) raw materials as well. "I generally phone in results co a client," Gre1:erstein said. "Then I di-,cuss any problem and make observations." Occasionally she gets jobs outside her specialty. Gre1zeNein once analyzed the methanol content of Italian wines for a wine distributor. She also has analyzed the organic content of cement used in the construcnon industry. Because of her success in the business, Greizerstein now plans to add a machine that will analyze gelatinous materials by gel permeation chromatography. Recently, she also acquired a gas chromatography machine to analyze solvents used by the paint manufacturing industry. SUMMER '87 hildren's Hospital of Buffalo and the Western New York Technology Development Center (TDC) have announled that the "orphan" drug, lnfasurf, has rL>teivedFDA approval for clinical trials. ONY, Inc., a new "incubator" company comprised of academic physicians and sciennsts who developed lnfasurf, will conduct the clinical testing in cooperation with the TDC. Or. Edmund Egan, profossor of p<.xi1atricsand chief of neonatology at Children's, is pm,1dent of 01':Y. Infasurf, an extratt from the lungs of calves, has been shown in limited testing with prematu re babies co reduce the incidence of respiratory distre.s syndrome (RDS) by 90 per cent. This and associated complications remain a major faccor in death (10,CXX)per year) or long term disability (25,CXX)per year) for very premature infants. The announcement of the orphan drug approval was coupb:I with the announcement that ONY is now the 14th incubacor company co be formed out of the work of the TDC. C BUFFAID [. PH • I ' ~ I A N I Oi Y was formed to bring the results of this research to market after pharmaceutical companies expressed no interest in lnfasurf because of the limited market potential. Drugs can be designat<..-das "orphans" by the FDA when a limited market for the drug inhibits usual commercial development. This status offers programmatic and financial incenm:cs to develop effective drugs with limited markets. To date, only 90 drugs have rCleived FDA "orphan drug" status. During clinical trials, lnfasurf will be tested in hospitals and clinics throughout the United States on over I ,<XX)premature babies. The ~cw York State Science and T cchnology Foundation is supporting the clinical trials with a $40,CXX) grant through its Rec.carch and Development Grants Program. "We are exmed to enter clinical trials," Dr. Egan states. 'The next few months will hopefully confirm what has already been learned in creating a limited number of premature infants at the Children's Hospital of Buffalo, the University of Rochester, and the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. We expect lnfasurf will be available as an important product to protect premature infants from respiratory distress syndrome." • �15 ,~ 'I ' ~ / / / , Dr ( lart1 1\.1Ambn" BY DAVID MONTGOMERY new company has emerged from the ferment of medical expertise at the UB Medical School, and this one shows promise of developing a product that could improve conventional methods for removing impurities from blood. Hemex Inc. recently moved into the high technology incubator operated by the Western New York Technology Development Center at 221 l Main St. The head of the company is Dr. Clara M. Ambrus, a research professor of gyn-ob and pediatrics at the Medical School. After years of research with associates in New Haven and in Buffalo, Dr. Ambrus and colleagues found a way co purify blood of metals which can be harmful in large amounts, such as aluminum and lead. The technique has wider potential, however, because it seems to improve on A old ways of cleaning blood that involved injecting chemicals into the patient. Hemex's "extracorporeal treatment" protects the patient from possible side effects of those chemicals, because the antidotes never enter the patient's body. "You are treating the patient with the same materials without getting the material in the blood, and therefore you are bypassing the toxicity," said Dr. Ambrus, who was born in Italy and educated in Hungary, Switzerland, and the U.S. Hemex's staff is small. There is one fulltime technical assistant while Dr. Sidney Anthone, co-director of the dialysis unit at Buffalo General Hospital and UB clinical professor of surgery, collaborates on clinical work. A prototype of Hemex's blood purifier has worked safely in patients, Dr. Ambrus said. She is now applying to the federal government for permission to use a newer model on patients. It is kidney dialysis patients whom Hemex may be able to help first. About a third of the patients on dialysis in the U.S. - or 24,000- suffer from aluminum intoxication, Dr. Ambrus said. The aluminum may enter the bones and cripple a person, or affect the brain. The current treatment is to inject the antidote into people who have aluminum BUFFAID ( PHV $1¢1 AN) poisoning. But the antidote itself may cause harmful side effects, and the treatment lasts more than a year, she said. Hemex instead uses a cartridge about the size of a rolled up newspaper. The cartridge is attached to a patient's arm, and the patient's blood is pumped through the cartridge. The cartridge contains the antidote, and the antidote captures the aluminum as the blood flows through. Both the antidote and the excess aluminum remain in the cartridge while clean blood returns to the body. The trick was to fix it so the large metal molecules would remain in the cartridge while the blood cells would not be tempted to stay there too. Also, the drug molecules would have to stick in the cartridge. Hemex's treatment should take less time than injecting the antidote, Dr. Ambrus said. She said the same system could be used safely to capture lead from a person's bloodstream, and eventually it might be an effective way to clean a range of toxic subtances from blood. "With all the environmental problems that we have, I'm afraid we will be kept busy for a long time," she said. • (Mr. Montgomery is o writer for tt-e Buffolo News, wnch gave permission to use this Morch 13. 1987 ortide.) SUMMER '87 �16 SEI.ILING IN ?\FTERA NOBELYEAR BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER (LaseDecember,Dr. HerbertHauptman, T hey say that winning a Nobel Prize rakes a year out of your life. Bur what a year it is! For Dr. Herbert Hauptman, UB's 1985 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, it did mean a year's interruption in his research and administrative activities at the Medical Foundation of Buffalo. But it also meant being privileged by participating in one of the world's most regal and dazzling annual pageants; being seared beside the Queen of Sweden during the banquet; invitations to deliver keynote addresses before dozens of scholarly societies around the world; and being bestowed more than 20 additional honors and medals. In a different - but just as important vein, his "Nobel Year" meant the opportunity to speak out in support of funding for basic research before journalists, public officials, and lawmakers; the chance to raise the awareness of fellow scientists about the role of his discipline in advancing scientific and medical knowledge; and the distinction of being able to inspire the minds of future young scientists who have met and heard him at special functions. Dr. Hauptman is president and research director of the Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Inc. and has a joint faculty appointment with UB's School of Medicine in its Department of Biophysical Sciences. He was awarded the Nobel Prize with Dr. Jerome Karle for his discovery of the Direct Methods, a way of determining three-dimensional crystal structures of complex molecules. The now-standard technique made it possible for the first time SUMMER'87 UB research professorof biophysics, ended a year-longseries of lectures, tours,and ceremoniesthat followed his winningof the Nobel Prizein Chemistry. This article relates what it was like duringthat year,and what it is like- or even if it is possible- to return to a normalscheduleafterward.) to identify and devise new drugs for medicine and industry, resulting in the saving of millions of lives. Immediately following the October 16, 1985, announcement that he had won the Nobel Prize, Dr. Hauptman was swamped by dozens of newspapers, TV and radio interviewers, and hundreds of congratulatory calls and letters. His picture appeared in news broadcasts and stories around the world. The buzz of excitement reached its second crescendo on December 9 when Hauptman attended che Nobel Award ceremonies in Stockholm. "My wife and I were numb, dazzled, and impressed by the pageantry of it all. The Swedes went out of their way to make ic che most momentous occasion of your life. le was the ultimate in pomp and pageantry and the whole royal family was there. 1was awed by it all. "We were given an attendant whose job was to make everything easy for us. We were literally spoiled and were given the royal treatment in every sense of the word during our 12 days there." Those 12 days included banquets, lectures, luncheons, concerts, dances, and parties. The first major event was the premiere performance of "Music and Peace - in Homage to Alfred Nobel" by the World Philharmonic Orchestra. Performances by leading musicians from orchestras of 117 countries symbolized the ideal of Alfred Nobel, who felt that contributions to humanity must not be confined by national boundaries. The official awards ceremony was aweinspiring, as described in the Medical Foundation's newsletter "Impact": "As Dr. Hauptman walked forward on the stage of the concert hall to receive the golden medallion from King Carl Gustaf XVI, trumpets blared a fanfare that sent chills up the spine. Later that evening Dr. Hauptman sat beside Queen Silvia at a banquet for 1,400 people in the City Hall. Even the photographers were dressed in white tie and tails. A battalion of 700 waiters served the banquet with precision and gusto . "The following evening Dr. and Mrs. Hauptman dined with the King and Queen at a more intimate dinner at the palace attended only by laureates and spouses. Dr. Hauptman rook this opportunity co present a gift of one of his stained-glass sculptures to the royal couple." Dr. Hauptman and his wife Edith had only a brief time to come down from their "high" before commencing the year-long schedule of trips, lectures, and appearances. By the end of last December 1986, when his official "Nobel Year" ended, he had traveled to Germany, Canada, Poland, Japan, �17 and China and numerous U.S. states. A reception with President Reagan and lectures at Johns Hopkins, the National Library of Medicine, the National Research Labs, the American Chemical Society, Rutgers, and Chicago's Museum of Science & Industry were among the American stops on his lecture tour. "Before my award, I lectured out of town perhaps three or four times a year and traveled once or twice out of the country," Hauptman relates. "After the award, my invitations averaged once a week." His most hectic month was April 1986, when he had 18 scheduled invitations. A s expected, there were many touching moments besides the official Nobel events. "My most emotional was the ceremony arranged by the grade school where my wife teaches. All the classes gathered to read me poems and tributes that they wrote themselves. When the first grade class gathered around me, I couldn't find the words to express my feelings." Hauptman especially enjoys the oppor· tunity to share himself with youth. In Lindau, Germany, he met 400 to 500 gifted high school students from across Europe at the annual meeting of Nobel Laureates. Similarly, in Washington, D.C., he met one-on-one with gifted students at the American Academy of Achievements symposium dedicated to che inspiration of youth. Two of the more fascinating countries he visited were China, where he spent cwo weeks lecturing and touring, and Poland. "I was invited to che former German part of Poland - Wroclaw. People there went out of their way to make everything comfortable for us. I was particularly impressed by the strong vocal opposition to the current Polish regime." Among the two dozen honors he received were the National Library of Medicine Medal, the Albert Einstein medal from the Academy of Arts and Sciences, honorary doctorates from City College and the University of Maryland, and the Chinese Chemical Society's major award. Locally, he received the Chancellor Norton Medal from UB, honors from Erie County and Roswell Park, and the Buffalo News' Outstanding Citizen of the Year award. Lastly, "Herbert Hauptman Day" was declared by the Scace of Oklahoma, the City of Buffalo, and two ocher cities. hat was his reaction to the serious, though positive, interruption in his work? "I anticipated I would be resenting all the demands on my life. But I recognize the need to accept all the invitations, which I have done. I found it is an enjoyable, not unpleasant, experience. I'm not sure if I would choose this co the exclusion of anything else. Bue getting chis kind of recognition clearly carries with it an obligation." While che experience interrupted his work, it did not stop it. "I had an assistant carry on pare of my research. Now I am gee- W BUFFAID C I [.!_tl____ yJ_ I_ I A N ting more and more into it again. However, I have a less direct role in some of it and I am more involved in guiding ochers." The goal of his research continues to be co refine and expand his techniques so they become a useful cool in determining even more complex molecular structures. His publishing was only slowed somewhat, though it changed in nature."! wrote 12 to 15 articles during the past year or so, but they were broader articles for nonspecialist audiences such as overviews (i.e., one in the July 11, 1986 Science), a history, and a review article for an encyclopedia. They're very time-consuming and eat up a lot of my time." Some invitations are scheduled into 1989. His bookings include Holland, South Africa, Hawaii, Sweden, and Australia. Hauptman finds he is still treated differently now. He refers to one recent example in which a limousine was waiting for him and his wife at a Washington, D.C., meeting. "That never happened before the prize!" The past year and a half have also been a real learning experience. 'This (fame) is something one has to adjust to. I've also found I had co bone up on many invited lecture topics in which I did not consider myself as much of an authority as I am in my specialty." He has also found he now has the oppor• cunity to speak to much larger audiences. "Previously, I lectured only to crystallographers. Now, I have a much wider audience that is willing, in face, eager to hear me." He cites one example of a group of radioastronomers who have a problem of a similar nature to what he is working on. "They use radio wavelengths which arrive at different frequencies ac different telescopes at different rimes. They are interested to know if my methods can be used to analyze their problem." Whether Dr. Hauptman's obligations, schedule, and treatment by others are different, he feels he is basically the same person he was before the prize. "I know I'm very fortunate. Bue there are a lot of people out there who also have great accomplishments, but may never get a major award. Unfortunately, there are only so many awards." • SUMMER'87 �18 I chiro Nakamura began his journey co the desert in the evening, and by dawn had reached the end of the road. From there his quest followed the streambed. Sometimes, he tramped through dense jungle. On other occasions, he had to pass through army roadblocks and mine fields. An,'' , did it all in the pursuit of butterflies. Nakamura, an associate professor of pathology at UB, began his hobby in his native Japan where it's a very common pastime. He started when he was only in the third or fourth grade. "I've been doing tl-,is longer than I've been doing anything else," he remarked. At UB, he uses his training in biology and biochemistry to conduct research in immunology. "I got into biology because of my interest in butterflies," Nakamura said. "I decided nobody would pay you to work with butterflies." A high point in his hobby came in 1975 when he discovered two new species of butterflies. He was doing postdoctoral work in Israel when he made the finds in the Sinai Peninsula. On weekends, Nakamura would drive 13 or 14 hours to get to the site. He'd leave home at 8 p.m. so chat when he came to che end of the road at 5 or 6 a.m., there would be enough light co see the screambed he had to follow. The area is partly desert, but there are high mountains where the winter snows provide water in spring. It's just what butterflies like. Nakamura had been used co the dense forests and monsoons of southwest Japan. But he found chat the desert isn't lifeless. "I like the desert much more than the forest because of the vastness of space," Nakamura said. "It comes alive after the rain - it's so beautiful." The area was under Israeli occupation then, but is now part of Egypt. Nakamura noted that if Israel hadn't occupied the area after che Six Day War, the butterflies might still be unknown today. Geographically, it's easier co approach the area from Israel. Few people had collected butterflies in the area before, so Nakamura felt he had a good chance to find something new. And he did. B oth of his di~overies ar~ very small species, he explained, selecting a wooden box from the dozens that line the shelves of the study in his Amherst home. The box contains neat rows of light brown SUMMER '87 B' CON osw, STOf "I like the desert muchmore than the forest because of the vastness of space," N akamurasaid. "It comesaliveafter therain - it's so beautiful. . . ." PHO · SIM ra and pale blue butterflies suspended on pins. Called "Pseudophilotes sinaicus," these butterflies measure about three-quarters of an inch. His other discovery, "Strymonidia jebelia," is mostly brown, with light blue lines and dots . "They're not rare, but nobody had been there at the right moment before," Nakamura explained. "They fly perhaps only two or three weeks all year. If you miss the time, you won't find chem. "They're not particularly beautiful," he added almost apologetically to his visitor. They do pale in comparison with the huge and almost garish "bird wings" chat he and his wife, Mitsuko, collected in Malaysia. These butterflies are the size of a small sparrow and display shades of green and yellow that are as bright as neon lights. BUFFAID Q H Y S_ I ~ .!. ~ • •••••••••••••• ♦ , l In Pur ••••••••••••••••••••• BUTTE �19 thing ahout the fasnnallng "That\ hutterflies," he --aid. "Ea, h 'Pl'Cle!-ha, 11,own hah1ts. You have to know that to car,h them." Trudging through the Jungle, you'd have a hard time ,atchmg the l.1rgt:"bird wmg,." Bur it\ a lot ea,,l·r if vou kmm chat they flv high along the stream,. His fovor11ehutterfl1c, arc those in a group rnlled "orange ups." Thl•y'rc white or vellm\ with orangl' wmg rip,. Some :ire gravi,h grl~n. They're not much co k•ok at. But the 'Pl'tic, arc cln-.cl~ related and 1t\ difficult to di!mnguish th,•m, he said. "I( a group 1s complirnted and d,ffault to classifv, n\ more challengmg, and I get mtcresteJ," he explainL-<l BY )NNJE S WALD OFKO ''When I was studying butterfliesin the northernpart of Israel,nearLebanon, an armyfortification surroundedby mine fieldsposedproblems in gettingto the site.'' "It's not the beauty chat attracts me as much a, the lhallcnge, I think." Nakamura said. "Colk'tt1n~ ,pccimen, in itself is not p:irurnlar· ly imcre,ung. "But while vou get to know them, vou collect them." 1 } of it rsu ······································· A n ,mportam pan of getting to know huttlrfhcs 1s to get to know their environment You must st.~ where they fly, how they fly, and what plant, they cat, Nakamura insists. "That\ more important than seeing the actual SJ1l'Clmcn,"he explains. It's not like ~tamp rnlk-cting where, ,f you have the money, you just buy the stamp you ~RFLIES wanr. ome people would lahel the hohhy nuel becau-.c the bunerfl1e, arc ktlk,J. But the hutterfltt.., would live onlv a ,hort time m the wild and mo,1 are kilk-d hv spider, llr hird,, Nakamura ,aid. And they rnn he prest•rvcd for even hundreds of years - for a long timt· -.crn- a uo;efulpurpose. ,pt-c1men, The study. But for t hl· ,ame rea"-m', he opf.'(>st•,ptXlple who colk'tt huttcrfl,es Just to ,ell them. It rnuld some typ<:s from Cuba rnn he he lucranvc of dollar,. But the pt-ople thou,ands "-lid for who buv rhem m1~,set.'ingthem m 1he1rnatural habitat and learning about them. Nakamura ,aid he ha,n't been many rlaccs IO study huuerflit"S, hut h,, itinerary would make a tra\'el agent drool. In addition 10 this rnunrry and h,, nanw Japan, he's ,cudll'd them m India, Southeast A,1:1,the Middle Ea,t, and Europe. "But there arc so manv plact-s I'd like to go to," he laments. Topping the list arc Africa and South America. The tropic, arc the rich ;m~a, for butterflies. \Xlhere\'cr there are lntl·rl..,ting butterfl,e,, that\ where Nakamura goc,. When he was studymg hutterflil.,, Ill the northern p;1n of Israel, near Lchanon, he always had a problem gcmng to the site That's Ix-cause there was an army fomfication ,urroundL,J hv mine field,, he cxplamcd undramatically. Whether he got there on a par• 11rnlar day depended on whether the offiter in l harge would give him permission to pass through the roadblock. "It was a most interc~ting area, but J)l'<lple didn't go there," he said. Whenever Nakamura travels at the right umc of the year, he triL-,..to find umc for his hohby. "I( I have a rnnference in California m April l>rMay, certainly I bring my net," he s.11d • SUMMER'87 �20 People UB'sBlACK HERITAGE It beganwiththeMedicalSchool BY CLARE O'SHEA 1o,cpli Robert l.ote T ypically male, typically white -that's what you'd probably find if you looked at just about any American university class in the early years of this century. But to celebrate Black History Month, the UB archives staff did some digging and came up with a few interesting exceptions to that stereotype. "UB's Black Heritage," an exhibit in the Undergraduate Library, highlighted four former UB students with several things in common: all attended the Medical School, all graduated before the first quarter of this century, and all were black. There's no way of knowing for sure if other black students attended UB before the turn of the century, Chris Densmore of Univeristy Archives explained. In the 50 years of UB history char elapsed before the first yearbook was published in 1898, few figures were compiled and few student photos collected. But the occa- SUMMER'87 sional tintype photo or yellowed document traced back through the years did yield some interesting results. An account from an old Buffalo newspaper, for example, helped locate Joseph Robert Love (1839-1914), described in an article on the commencement of 1880 as "the first colored gentleman graduated from the Buffalo College." Love was an Episcopal clergyman who studied medicine as an "auxiliary to his ministerial calling;" his intention was "to undertake under Bishop Holly of the island of Hayti, West Indies, the introductions of the church in San Domingo," according co the commencement article. le has been said rhac Love's writings exerted an important influence on Jamaican history. Another black student prior to 1900 was Frank L. Watkins, who came co UB from Montgomery, Alabama, graduated from the UB Medical School in 1891, and died in Buf- BUFFAID IPHYS1¢1AN) falo in 1921. Bur little biographical information about him is available. Equally sketchy is the information available on Henry Harrison Lewis, from the Class of 1918, who was a member of the first class of the University's College of Arts and Sciences before he transferred to UB's School of Medicine. The fourth early black graduate is far and away the best known locally. W. Yerby Jones (I 904-1979), a graduate of rhe Medical School class of 1924, lived in Buffalo for more than 50 years. A prominent ophthalmologist, Jones served as chief of staff at the former Meyer Memorial Hospital. An early photo of Jones in a band uniform was included in the exhibit. Also included in the exhibit was a statement of UB's nondiscriminatory policy. Included with documents from the UB Endowment Fund Campaign cond ucted in 1920 was one which declares that UB is "For all Buffalo Boys and Girls regardless of race, creed, or class." • �21 Pcop e Prof has role in new hearing center A UB professor ac che Buffalo Otologic Group (BOG) and Sc. Mary's School for the Deaf were together in<tru• mental m esrnbli,hing the Northeast Cochlear Implant Center co screen and rehabilitate ind1v1duals\\ith profound hear111gloss who could benefit from ccxhlear implant de\'iCl-<. The dev1Ces, implanted surgically, aim to convert acoustical sound energy to electrical energy which then ,nmulare:, the auditory ner\'e of the ear. C'linical <tud1t.-,,have shown the de\'u;es to be succes.sfulin snmularing a ~nse of hearing in profoundly hear111gimpa1n'<.lor deaf persons. Irwin Ginsberg, M.D., clinical profo,-.or of orolaryngology, who will perform the surgical s the center, has performed rhe prcx-(.'<.lurefor operation locally at Millard Fillmore Hospital -Gares Circle. The BOG at which G111sberg is chief orologist was one of ten phvsican groups nanonally co cl1111callvevaluate new J?eneration, of a cochlear implant device de,ignt.-d by 3M Co. Lase month, a Buffalo-area patient became the first nationally 10 receive the latest version of one of the:c;ede\'ICl..,known as che Vienna implant. Although che U.S. Food and Drug Adminl\trauon ha, granted approval for general use of some tVpl'S of the cochlear implant devices, it has approved the Vienna device only for clinical investigational use. It is expected, however, chat It will be approved f()r more general use 111the near future. The Center's program will include criteria for selen1on of cochlear implant recipients as well as ongo111ge\·aluanon and rehab1lirnnon of each candidate in areas of speech, language • development and aud1torv discrimination. Am-Pol Eagle cites Przylucki, Gorzynski wo Medical Schoo l-assoc1ared people have been selected as 1986Cimem of the Year b~ the Buffalo Polish com• municy newspaper, Am·Pol Eagle John E. Przylucki, 1986-87president of the UB Medical Alumni A,socianon (M'73) and clinical m• ,truccor of surgery,\\ as the Citi.:en of the Ycar in Medic:111eawardee. He is an arnve rnemhcr 111the Poli,h Union of America and serves as its national medical dirl-.:tor. He is also an attendmg surgeon at Millard Fillmore and St. Joseph\ lntercommunity hospitals. He was president of the WNY chapter of the Amem,in Colk-gc of Surgeons, <.hrectedMillard Fillmore's lncen,iw Care Unit for 9 years, and " a memhcr of numerous medical societies. Eugene A Gorzynski, Ph.D., rl-c:ei,:ed the Cm.:en of the Year in Science award. The prof<...,sorof microb1ok,gy earned his Ph.D . from UB in 1968 and completed postdoctoral train• ing at Roswell Park in 1969. He 1s pr(.=ntlv chief of the Veteran\ Admm1stration Ml-dical Center's Microbiology S<.-ction.A Fellow of the American Academy of Microh1ology, he is author of more than 50 research papers He served H disnnguisht.J years in the U.S. Army and rcceivcJ a presidential appointment from President Johnson ro sen·e as commander of a IO()(}.bcdRt-,,en·e Armv Ho,p1tal, a first for a non-phyS1ci,m at chat ume. He" al-.oa mcmhcr of the Polish Room Collection Advisory Com• • mmeeacUB. T BUFFALO l-~t,. :C.t AN Dr . Sambamurthy Subrama nian, former UB profes'SOr of surgery and cardiologist at Children's Ho-.pital for 19 vears, has left for M1am1ChilJren's Hosp1rnl. He plans to '-Ct up an 111ternational center for treating heart di-.c~..ein children. The native of India served as chief of Children's Division of Cardiovascular Surgery. A veteran of more than 5000 heart oper:mons on children, he was called "Dr. Super \,fan" by his pediamc patients. Appearing frequently in the media, he was one of Buffalo's most easily n-.:ognized donors by thl· ruhlic. He pioneerl-d several improved tl'<:hniques. One was a h,·potherm1a chamber that 1mprovc-sthe abilirv of physician, to lower the hody temperature of infants in preparation for heart surgery. He also devised a tl-chnique that minimize, u..eof blood m <mall children by diluting the patient's blood instead of using • transfusions. Dr. Lewis Flint, proft.,,sor and chairman of surgery, was appointed by UB President Steven Sample a~ arnng chair of the Dep:irtment of Neuro,urgery until a r>1.'rmanent chair is appointed. Former chairman Dr. John Kapp stepped down earlier this year when he left for • anothtcr p<>"itmn. Dr. A r th ur J. Sc h aefe r , clinical professor of opth:ilmology, lx-came president-elect of the American Sooctv of Ophthalmologic:, Plastic anJ Rcconstrun1vc Surgery at a n:monal meeting 111New Orleans last Novcmhcr. He w1lla"ume the presidency of the society, which ha, over 200 member,;, 1111988. He serves as chief of ophthalmology at Sister's Hospital and professor of is also clinica l assistant • otolaryngology. SUMMER'87 �22 Medical School News BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING UB is developingnew institute underthe Graduateand ResearchInitiative BY CONNIE 0S\'1/ALO STOFKO "W hat we don't need at this University is one more paper organization," declared Leon E. Farhi, the developer of the prospectus for the Institute for Biomedical Engineering. The institute i~to be a freestanding institute, supported through the Graduate and Research Initiative, explained Donald W. Rennie, vice provost for research and graduate education (and also professor of physiology). It is poised for earlier development than the ocher centers planned through the initiative. Farhi, special faculty associate to the provost and chairman of the Physiology Department, was charged by the provost to see what it would cake co set up chis biomedical engineering enterprise. It's in a very preliminary stage, Rennie noted. "It is not always easyto get the engineerand biologist to talk to eachother. Thebiologistis trainedto discover thingsand the engineeris trained to inventthingsthat don'texist.Thereis an intellectualgap.'' T he business of the institute will be to foster biomedical engineering research and teaching throughout the University, Farhi explained. It will draw upon faculty from engineering, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, and natural sciences, Rennie said. SUMMER '87 The institute will support existing programs, wherever they happen to be. The University has enormous strength in departments on both BUFFAID L!:E.i s .!. C I A N I campuses and at its teaching hospitals, Farhi noted. The institute will provide a physical nucleus, possibly to be based on the Main Srreet Campus. That campus, the home of the Medical School, is equidistant between the engineering programs located on the Amherst Campus, and projects located in teaching hospitals. The institute will support advanced projects and provide several services including: ■ Editorial work on manuscripts and gram applications . Sometimes researchers don't get funding because their knowledge doesn't show through in applications, Farhi noted. ■ Technical support. Researchers often need a special piece of hardware to be crafted for a specific project. The hospitals and the Main Street Campus don't have shop facilities. ■ Enhance intellectual exchange. ■ Conferences. The institute would sponsor symposiums that would bring together the leading people in their fields to put together a book or manual on given topics. "It's expensive, but it's worth every penny," he said, because it would bring Buffalo into the limelight. I �23 Medical School News E ventually, the institute will have teaching at all levels, Farhi predicted. In the beginning, it will nor go through the time-consuming process of setting up teaching programs per sc, but will be concerned with courses at the undergraduate and postdoctoral levels. These courses will be facilitated by the institute, but offered through departments. For instance, there might be a biology course for electrical engineering majors and vice versa. Poscdoccoral students might take a course in systems engineering for biologists. "\Y/e will produce a generation of students who won't bear the label (of biomedical engineers), but will have the knowledge," Farhi said. Ac che graduate level, it is more important to provide research training than to offer courses, he noted. commiccees co look at what's already being done at the University and how the institute will fie in. Farhi said he hopes the subcommittees will report back in rwo months. In three to four months, the steering committee could have a real plan for the provost. T he work of the Institute for Biomedical Engineering will be interdisciplinary. "The rule of the University is to overlap - to gee together people who have things in common and either don't know it, or have no mechanism to get together," he said. The institute may overlap with existing research centers. For instance, it will have things in common with rhe Surface Science Center. (That Dental and Medical Schoolassociated center studies interfaces between substances, such as between a dental implant and the jaw, or between ,ki wax and the snow.) While the areas overlap, there arc differences. The Surface Science Center also studies things rhar have no biological relevance, Farhi explained. With all of this cross-disciplinary work going on, it is possible that problems with turf may come up, he noted. A steering committee has been appointed for the institute, Farhi said. It is representative of the faculty and is in charge of courses, research, and the general direction of the institute. The steering committee will name sub- "But I'd rather ,cc chose problems arise than have people working in little cubicles" of their own disciplines, he explained. "Unless we can facilitate interaction, we haven't done our job." Ir is nor always easy to get the engineer and biologist to talk to each other, Farhi pointed out. The biologist is trained to discover things, and the engineer is trained to invent things that don't exist yet. ur 1-eon rarni . (NOTE At deadlme, u uas learned that, because of the unexpected illness of Dr Farh1, Ur John Wn.1:hr,pro/esmr and chainnan of Patholog,, mil coordmal th effort.) "There's a big intellectual gap," he ,;aid. He's aiming to train people who will be just as at home in biology as they are 111 engineering. "If we can do chat in Buffalo in the next 2 5 years, we will have done great things," Farhi commented. • BUFFAID · ~~ ~ SUMMER'87 �24 Medical School Ne«s D unt"I llaTd Tds, I, and DT John Naughton M Fall Cha l n T Angt la Bon SCHOOLIS PIVillAL IN NEW WNYCONSORTIUM BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER T he UB School of Medicine will play a central role in the newly created Western New York Health Sciences Consortium. Formed by Buffalo business and medical leaders, the new organization represents an unprecedented partnership among local health care providers, educators, and researchers. The purpose of the consortium is to establish health care as a major force in regional economic development efforts. It is also designed to address projected hospital revenue losses of $39 million and job losses of approximately 1,300 by 1990. The new endeavor is unusual because it encourages cooperation among the area's SUMMER '87 hospitals in an effort to benefit the entire regional health care enterprise. The consortium is the result of the "Strengthening Health Care in Buffalo" project, which is co-sponsored by the Greater Buffalo Development Foundation (GBDF), the UB School of Medicine, and Buffalo General, Children's, and Millard Fillmore hospitals. "The agreement to form the consortium reflects an understanding on the part of the University and its teaching hospitals," commented UB Vice President for Clinical Affairs John Naughton, M.D., dean of the School of Medicine. "This understanding is that maintenance BUFFAID U,.-vs ,~ of quality education enterprise and patient care services will become increasingly difficult, given constraints on government funding and insurance coverage. The goal to have as strong a health care system as possible and to make Buffalo as competitive as possible with other major academic medical centers is achievable." Naughton is one of those instrumental in creating the consortium. The consortium's members include the Medical School, the GBDF and all of the University-associated teaching hospitals: Erie County Medical Center, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo General, Children's, Millard Fillmore, Veterans Ad- �25 Medical School Neus ministration, Sisters, and Mercy hospitals. The consortium concept was the recommendation of a seven-month, $350,CXX) study by APM Consultants, Inc. of New Yo rk City, a study funded by the New York State Department of Health and Buffalo General, Children's and Millard Fillmore hospitals. T he project has four goals. The first is to put the area's hospitals on a sounder financial footing. The hospital system, the consultant report emphasizes, currently operates on "a thin margin of profitability ." The goal intends to "recapture Erie County's outmigration," that is, the attraction and retention of more patients who currently travel to ocher cities for specialized medical services. The second goal is to broaden the scope and service of health care in the area, and to fill some critical gaps in medical care. One of the ways co attain this goal will be co develop medical "Centers of Excellence" which, because of their reputation, will be capable of drawing more patients, as well as quality doctors, personnel and funding. A Cancer Center of Excellence, building on the strong foundation at Roswell Park, is a logical first step. The UB School of Medicine directly benefits from the consortium's third goal, which is to build up and strengthen the Medical School and its research and medical education programs. "The school is right now outperforming its own financial resources," states James Kagan, the consultant who conducted the study that recommended rhe consortium. "According to a comprehensive national survey (the Gourman Report) that rates the nation's medical schools, UB's Medical School is rared 30th our of I 25. By financial standards and State funding levels, UB should be 60th." B y upgrading the Medical School, the health care enterprise of Western New York would also benefit. This is because the Medical School plays an important role in attracting quality doctors, residents (doctors-in-training) and medical students, as well as funding for clinical and research programs. Increased funding will lead to an even greater ability to atcract quality medical personnel. A large propo rtion of the county's doctors are on the school's faculty, which numbers 2,400. Furthermore, the Medical School is closely linked to eight major hospitals which comprise its teaching hospital system. The fourth goal of the consortium is to maintain Buffalo's low health care costs through efficient delivery of services and maintain the delivery of high quality, accessible care to the indigent. The first and second goals try to add ress the problem of 10,CXX)Eric County residents leaving the area annually for treatment in cities like Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Rochester, and New York City. Defunct faculty group donates $1,000 for library acquisitions The consultant report stares that by attracting 3,CXX)to 5,CXX)patient admissions from outside Erie County, 128 million to 130 million could be generated annually. Furthermore, by retaining the 3,CXX)to 5,CXX)patients who currently leave Erie County for treatment, $11.3 million ro $18.8 million could be generated annually. 84 per cent of grads get one of their top choices on Match Day Other actions that the consortium will try to encourage arc joint ventures among participants. The development of stronger medical technology centers is needed ro compete with those of top-rated medical centers. Therefore, consortium members will consider entering into joint ventures and financing to ensure that goals are met. An example might be the development of a regional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Center. (MRI is an expensive hightech device that provides a new way to diagnose disease.) In addition, shifts in hospital services arc urged to save critical financial resources. • BUFFALO (PMVS1¢1ANj A check to purchase additional books for UB's Health Sciences Library has been donated by remaining members of the now-defunct Health SciencesFaculty Organization. Jack Klingman, Ph.D., professor of biochemistry and former officer of the group, said that the gift represented funds which had been on deposit in the organization's treasury. The organization, which originated in the early 1960sat UB, focused on activities which would coordinate medical - :ind later - health sciences education at UB, and the Downstate and Upstate Medical Schools. Klingman contacted all known past members of the organization who agreed to present the halance of the treasury to the Health Sciences Library. • $1000 A nother Match Day has come and gone, and the results have decided where members of the graduating classwill spend their lives during the next three to five years. Dr. Dennis Nadler, assistant dean for student affmrs announced that 84 per cent of the 132 applicants matched their first, second, or third choices, with 60.6 per cent to their first choice. Fifty will remain in Buffalo, 34 will go to other parts of New York State, and 48 will move out of state. "We did especially well in the most competitive specialties. For instance, we marched six our of the 384 positions available nationally in orthopaedic programs. This was much higher than other schools. We also had four or five marched into emergency medicine programs nationally," commenced Dr. Nadler. Ocher strong showings were made in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. • SUMMER '87 �26 Medical School News .. virtually identical to those who were not a part of the learning program . A second example of skepticism involves the u-.c of h\·puten<ion S(rl-cning pr~rams. Dr. Sacken's extensive research has demonstrated that these sucening programs appear successful upon first glance, but that, when examined in depth, they arc not beneficial. \'Chile che find• mg, are clear, they have nor hcen welcomed by advocates of wmmunity,wide screening pro• gram<. "Tell those goddamn Canadians to <tay awav from our meeting,," ,,as che rc,ponse his studies re,:eived at the U.S. Narnmal Blood Pre,sure Annual Conference. S. ~kett ge>1.--. so far a, to recommend some unusual applicanons of ,kcpncism. He ad\'(Xates applying skepnc1sm to the claims of socalled "experts" who, once e,tabli<hed a, experts, can Jo more harm than good to their d1s.:1plint-,,One . way they do this is by ignoring research or findings that conflict with their past re,ults. Dr. Sackett concludt-d his <pel'Ch with the ultimate paradox of the evening hy asking, "Shouldn't we be skeptilal about the professed effo,:nvene-.,of teachin~ medical ~cudcncsco be skepncal?" Dr. Sacken earned his medical dl-grce from tht: University of llhno1s-Chicago, the site of the inmal chapter of Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA). He was student president of the honor society. He came to Buffalo in 1963 to work with the Public Health ScrvlCe. Sackett's reputation quickly spread and as a result, he wa, offerl'CI the posmon of chief teaching fellow at the UB Medical School by Dr. Calkins. Unfortunatelv for UB, Dr. Calkins remarked, Sackett was given an irresistible offer from McMaster to head their Clinical Epidemiologv department. He went on to become chief of medicine at two of their major teaching hospitals. The AOA inducuon ceremony was moderatt'CIby Edwin Jems, M.D., clinical pro· bsor of pathology and president of the Epsilon chapter of AOA. Vice President Naughton welcomed ~tudents, parents, and friends to the new Butler Auditorium m Farber Hall. A brief hl'tory of AOA was detailed by senior medical student and student represen· tat1ve to the AOA advisory committee, David S. Rosenblum. Rosenblum gave the English 25 INDUCTEDINTO MEDICALHONORSOCIETY "Y BY KATH LEEN RIGA ou are the cream of the cake. You're the ones we expect to carry u, through in the future." This 1sho,, 25 medical honor society inductees were greeted hy Vice Pn.-,,identJohn Naughton at this year\ Alpha Oml>ga Alpha induction. Introduced hy Evan C-ilkins, M.D., as "om: of the most exciting men in medicine m North America" was keynote speaker David Sackett, M.D. A former UB Ml-<lical School faculty member, Dr. Sackett i< currently professor of med1Cme and of clmical epidemiology and biostatistics at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. SUMMER '137 Dr. Sackett addressed "The Need for Skepticism m Medicine." He recommends a kind of skeptic1,m he refers to a, "constructive skeptK1<m."This is a positive way of applying skepnusm so as to assist us in sorting scientific truth from fallacy. To demomtrate the nel-d, Or. Sackett pre:..?nted the re,ults of a ,rudy he and his associates conductl-d. It focused on the que:;tion of whether teaching hypertension patients about their d1<,eascwould improve their com• pliance w1ch therapy. Their findings showed that while patients' knowledge of the disease did me rease, their rnmpliance w1th therapv ,, as BUFFAID l:HY ~ ... N �27 Medical School Ne«s translation of the AOA motto, which is "worthy to serve the suffering," and explained that the Buffalo chapter is one of I05 nationwide. Harold Brody, M.D., chairman and pro• fesssor of anatomical sciences, accompanied Dr. Jenis in inducting the new members of AOA for 1987. They are Adam Ashton, Melissa Chaffee, Glenn Eiger, Robert Goldklang, John Griswold, Douglas Katz, Theresa Kinnard, William Kinnard Ill, Dolores Leonard, Brian McGrath, Curt Pinchuck, Andrew Plager, Richard Scarfone, Thomas Kowalski, Ann Marie LeYine, James Schlehr, Janet Flier Sundquist, Mitchell T ublin, Mark Verra, Marc Weitzman, Oleh Zazulak, and Gregg Zimmer. • Med School is UB's top research unit Sherman Annex gets two-story addition hile the Medical School's major new expansion has been the focus of much attention, another building expansion has W quietly taken place with little notice. That expansion is the two-floor addition to the Sherman Annex, at the SE corner of the Medical School complex facing Bailey Avenue. Comprising 9500 net square feet and 16 rooms, it enlarges the Physiology Department and its Hermann Rahn Environmental Physiology Lab. The former hallway between Sherman Hall and Sherman Annex was relocated co allow new office and lab space co be added. New, large equipment and storage rooms associated with the Hyperbaric Labs were constructed, including a large compre:;sor building with more equipment to operate the pressure chambers chat simulate deep sea and high altitude conditions. Large rooms for gas mixing and purifying facilities, a machine shop and an enclosed outdoor tank form arc ocher features. The move into the $800,000addition was completed last fall, with a six-week interruption in operations. • T he UB School of Medicine generated 42.4 per cent of the University's sponsored research expenditures in 1985-86. This was far more than any ocher major unit of the University. In specific dollars, the Medical School was responsible for $16.9 million out of UB's coral of $39.8 million. In addition, UB's affiliated teaching and research institution, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, generated $21.4 million (not included in preceding figures). This most recent year's coca! is an increase of almost 18 per cent, or more than $3 million, over 1984-85. Research spending was almost equally divided between the basic science and clinical departments. Three Medical School departments topped the list for the entire University: Medicine ($3,493,817); Physiology ($2,772,737); and Pediatrics ($2,537,022). The other highest departments were Biochemistry ($1,859,640); Microbiology ($1,255,458); Biophysical Sciences ($762,943); Social & Preventive Medicine ($715,544); Pharmacology ($592,480); Family Medicine ($518,576); Pathology ($512,831); Psychiatry ($375,359); Nuclear Medicine ($329,644); Anatomy ($3 I 5,494); Surgery ($207,374), and Rehab Medicine ($204,433). • "" ~ § I ~ / or of radwlo vat Mt \11u11 'It hoof of Me the sptakt n al th lir I .Nauonal <.onferen c m ~,I nc« m Max11lofac1al 1tnag111 h d Ne l ember 'I Bat Ene ( ounr, M, da al ( enr r I h < on fer<nc,, oordmated f,, G orge Alk r M LJ aml Angelo V lBals<>,M D, V V \ attra ted r laoloi:nt, fr ms t t n tat , and(. anada Highl,ghttd uer< tal -<>/•th-art t ~h11111u III ma,,llofa 11111magmgund their dmacal cnrr la raons Alker as haarman and f>rofessor of radanlog,, DdB lso 1 ,lartclor of maullof11~1al radaolog, al the \ hool of Dental M d1<1n<and lamcal tL< onatt" professor m 1hc Meda al ')c /Joof', D I I BUFFAID CT l!.!1.......!.. ..Ct ~N ] SUMMER '87 �., , ...... ~ ,, \ 6 r �29 Research P oor Americans are more likely to get cancer - and co die from ic sooner than more affluent Americans, concludes a UB Medical School study done in conjunction with che American Cancer Society (ACS). The ACS study, prepared by Donna Funch, Ph.D., shows that a person's chances of survival after diagnosis of cancer have more to do with economic status than with racial or ethnic background. Dr . Funch conducted the study as a faculty member in UB's Department of Social & Preventive Medicine; she has since joined a Boston research firm. Co-researcher with Dr. Funch is Dr. Saxon Graham, professor and chairman of the department. The study, "Cancer in che Economically Disadvantaged: A Specia l Report," was presented publicly in late 1986. It is the first report of this magnitude that studied cancer as a specific health problem in relation to economic status. The report asserts that previous studies did not look at socioeconomic status and racial differences separately. By comparing these factors, the UB study was able to demonsrrace thac economic factors were more critical chan racial or ethnic considerations. Poor whites and poor blacb both fared more poorly than middle class Americans of all origins. Among the nearly 34 million Americans below the poverty line (23 million whites, 9.5 million blacks, and 1.2 million of other races), che report found a relative cancer survival rate IO to I 5 per cent below the American overall rate of approximately 50 per cent. Also included in the report are statistics compiled from previous studies that estimate that poor Americans have a 60 per cent greater chance of developing lung cance r and a JOOper cent and 100 per cent greater chance of getting esophageal and stomach cancers. "The harsh realities of poverty create barriers to the health care system," said Dr. Harold Freeman, chairman of the ACS Subcommittee on Cancer in the Economically Disadvantaged. "The poor focus on day-co-day survival. They tend to have a lack of education, co be fatalistic and powerless in their thinking. And they usually use the hospital emergency room as their entry to the system," which reduces the chances of catching cancer at its early srnges. POOR GET MORECANCER AND DIE SOONER FROM IT, UBstudy finds BY BRUCE S.KERSHNER The report found other factors besides quality of health care that put the economically disadvantaged at a health disadvantage. For insrance, smoking, alcohol abuse, nutrition, and occupational hazards may have more influence among the poor. The report offered several recommendations. They include adoption of a goal to provide cancer screening to all Americans at risk by improving the cost effectiveness of these programs; inclusion of socioeconomic status as a cancer risk factor for all ACS research; and increased education of health professionals regarding the role of economic status and cancer. To improve health care for the poor, the report recommends development of expanded out reach programs by communitybased emergency rooms and clinics, as well as educationa l efforts to bette r inform the poor of the need for early health detection. Because the findings cross racial lines, an ACS spokesperson maintains, it raises important ethical questions as to whether the national policy toward health care for the poo r should be made a higher priority. • BUFFAID (PH"<S1¢1AN) SUMME R '87 �30 Research GEMENTOFTHE f BYS~ ''Becauseof poor management,few people aresettingasidetheir own bloodfor use duringelectivesurgery to protectthemselves againstAIDS, and otherviraldiseases.' ' SUMMER '87 P oor management of the na11on\ blood ,upply is to blame for the umlcrusc of cxNing aurologous blood ,upph • program,. &-cause of ch,,, few people arc setting aside 4u:mm1t."Sof their own blood for use during dl·ct1ve surgery to protect themselves against AIDS, hepatitis B, and other viral disease,. This management concern is one ;bpt.'\:t of a five-year, multimillion dollar resc.mh proJect being conducted bv a former dean of the UB School of Mc<l1cmeand a UB management profo,,or. Co-researchers for the management aspect of this study, aimed at improving the safety of the nat ion's blood supply, are Douglas Surgenor, Ph.D., and Edward L. Wallace, Ph.D. Dr. BUFFAID PMV --c:, ~N Surgeno r was dean of the UB Medical School from 1962to 1968,as well as UB's vice president for health sciences. He is now a Harvard professor of biochemistry and president of the Harvard Center for Blood Research, which is a sponsor of the study. Funded by a SCORE gram from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the project, which 1sm its second year, coordinates the separate studies of six scientists who are studying viral transmissions through the blood or epidemiology of these diseases. These comvestigator.. include leading AIDS researchers Max Essex, Ph.D., Jerry Groopman, M.O., and two other Harvard professors. "The lack of use (of autologous blood supplies), to a large extent, 1s the result of having �31 Research NATION'SBLOODSUPPIY ~ i ~ 1& g ~~---~ <t IX ........ inadequate sy,ccms m inform ehg1hk• p:iticncs, urge thl·tr participation, 1nd mala- it l'a•ier for them to prl-<lcpo<itblood," Walla<e maintains. rem mechani•m<, "Unle;s \\c ha\e the ,l, the program itself i, nm good enough," The n~ar<h 1sd1~1dl,Jinto thrl"<'m,un are:i,, Wallace ,ay,. The fir,c <un·cv< bl1xxl lOlll-ctions n.nrionally o,er chc past four or tt\'C vears, including an examm:mon of blood ,horcagc, and what i, l3U<ing rhcm. "ls chis a n•al cuthn,k lx'l.:ausc:of tlw fear of I\IDS' Or 1s II ju<t c \Chcnl?"he a<ks. T ,cud, s an <'Xammatton of tramfus1on patterns of hrn,p1tnls Ir •t I data ho,, char acrQ<;<tht <O\lntfV transfu,ion,, "hich had lx·en m, rea,mg at an h, ._,o d part,,, t~ annual rat<' of 5 per ccnc from 1980to 1982and were ex!'l(.'\tl-<lm ..-onunue their gro,Hh due co the aiting populauon, ,harplv levek-J off lx-gmning m 19 3, \\'allacc ~\'· Thev are ,cud)•mg ,u,pcdcd <,IU'l'-'of chi, tk-clme. The third part of tlw ~tudy i, d ·vot<-J co numlogou, donation programs, which Wallace say, are tht• onh· ,, av c,• H t II· rem, c th ri,k of contracung a viral disease through a blood tran,fu~ion. "We're mtercsted in findmg out th<·extl·nt of a labtl t nJ utih:auon, nd th•• pr~ram' whether phv,1uan, and ,urgrons arc acmcly of the hah1hcv promoting 1t," he -a,·,. "&--cause prohlcm, ,f this program " available, ,md 1f phv ician~ ,md surgeons kmmmglv, \\ith det:mform patients of thi, 11\C ,urgery, don't BUFFAID y s program, then• 1sa qUl"tion of whether thcy'n• g1,en thl· knm, n n,ks. h<·mg fully rl"!>po11,1h!c, Aucologou-, tran,fu,1on, ;1rcthe ,afe,t tVpl' of blood tra11,fu,1on,, nnd nre \,,Jdv a\'mlahle. )\·t, wh,lt• 30 per ll'm to 35 per cent of the surgcn performed 1, d<"-U\e, anJ the!'<.·p:mcncs Ml· cli1tihlc Ill donate their own bkl<xl 111 advance for u..,;cduring ,urgery, on!v about one m 10 or one m 12 parciup,ttc,. m chc.-scpro• gr:im,, \\'allau• md1cntl". "The quc,rnm "• why i, 11 that patient, and ph\s1c1an, arc not D<Ci\cly uulmng cx1•tmg (,tutolog,lu,) program',°' h<· quern-,,. Such pr02tarns mU5Che dC\clopcd and promoted, operating ,y,tem, l",tahh,hcd, pa11c111, monitor<-J, hlood ~1,1r<~3tl,J,"Tiu, i, w hl're I • dunk the manag<·ment 1tapl'XM,." SUMMER·11; �32 Research Marijuanause may decreasemalefertility T hrce potent compounds in marijuana are capable of decreasing fertility in sea urchin sperm and may similarly affect human sperm as well, report researchers at the UB Medical School and two Canadian universities. Results of the collaborative study, published in and Cell Biology,a CanaMarch in Biochemistry dian scientific journal, constitute the first evidence that the compounds directly affect the fertilizarion process necessary for reproduction. The three compounds - THC (delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol); CBN (cannabinol), and CBD (cannabidiol) - are among 100 compounds called cannabinoids found in marijuana. THC is the major compound responsible for the "high" experienced by marijuana smokers. SUMMER'87 BY MARY BETH SPINA Herbert Schue!, Ph.D., associate professor of anatomical sciences at UB who headed the study, says the infertility which was induced by treating the sperm with the compounds was reversible. Infertility of the sperm increased, he says, by raising the dosages of the cannabinoids and lengthening the amount of time the sperm were exposed to the compounds. Schue! says the study shows that sea urchin sperm but not eggs exhibited reduced fertility BUFFAID j PHY $1¢1 A!L] when treated with the com• pounds. "We were surprised to find that when the eggs were treated, they were able to be ferrilized with sperm which had not been treated," Schue! notes. The treated sperm, however, were shown to have diminished ability to fertilize normal eggs. "Since the egg undergoes many of the same basic cellular events during fertilization as does the sperm, one would have expected both ro be affected," he adds. R esearch elsewhere has demonstrated that cannabinoids affect the reproductive processes in several animal species. When given to mice, there is evidence both of suppression of the male hormone testosterone and of in- �33 Research creased numbers of abnormal sperm heads. In female rats and monkeys, the compounds sup• pre,s ovulation. And in humans, they have been shown to reduce sperm motility and decrease count and concentration of sperm as well as disrupt ovulation. "While all of these reported change, created by the presence of cannabinoids in various species affect the reproducuon processes, the change which we found more directly is involved with the fertilizanon ab1ltty of the individually-treatt.-d sperm," Schue( explains. The exact mechanism by which this occurs, however, is not yet known. Schue(, who has conducted com1derable research on fertility using the sea urchin model, say, the creature is ideal for studies which may lead to more information about causes of human infertility. Collaborating on the study were Regina Schue(, research associate at UB; Dr. Arthur M. Zimmerman, University of Toronto, and Dr. Selma Zimmerman of Glendon College at York University in Toronto. Fund~ for the study were provided by the NSF, NIH, and the Natural Scienc~ and • Engineering Council of Canada. Roswell is testing second biological anti-cancer agent B 1olog1calagents designed to stimulate the body\. defen\C, a~ainst cancer are the lat~t weapon, in the fight against cancer. Physicians at Roswell Park Memorial Institute have scarred testing a new mcmhcr of this family; so new in fact, that it ha, not received an official name a, yet. Thb is the second biological agent ro go mto clinic·al mal at Roswell Park m the la,t 15 month~. Clinical studies on the first drug are still in progress, and will continue in parallel with the studies on the new agent. Both ,tud1es arc being conducted under the d1rern(ln of Dr. Pamck J. Creaven, clmf of clin1Cal pharrnarnlogy and therapeutks at Roswell Park and a,sociate re;carch profc•,sor in UB's Roswell Park Graduate D1~1sion. "B1ologa:al agents are one of the most 1mporrant new approaches to cancer treatment that we've seen m some ume," according to Dr. Creaven. The body has cells that arc designed to recognize and deal with attack by organisms from out,1de, but these cells have had difficulty recognmng and attacking cancer cells because they originate in the patient's own tissue. "Biological agents have been very successful in snmulanng animal defen;c against animal cancer, but human cancers are cougher to deal with," explained Dr. Creaven. "We hope that this ne\\ drug will stimulate the body's defense cells to de,troy cancer cells." An innovative feature of the new treatment is chat che drug is "entrapped" in fat d roplets to direct the drug specifically to the cells it is designed co stimulate. "We hope that this delivery system will increase the drug's effectiveness and reduce its toxicity to the patients' own tissues," according to Dr. Creaven. The new drug is being given twice a week for four weeks, the schedule most effoct1veagainst animal rumors, and at the present time, is being t<.~tedagainst all type- of cancer. "As w1ch any ne\, drug," Dr. Creaven explained, "we start by using the agent in all rypes of cancer, and, b:ised on the results, frxu, on the tumor, in which the drug ,;eems to be • showing activity in later studies." lnterf eron found to reduce episodes of one form of MS e,ults of a study by UB neurologist Dr. Lawrence Jacobs indicare chat :ic nve ep1sod~ of disease(exaccrbanons) which occur in a form of multiple sclerosiscan be significantly r<.>ducedwith spinal injections of interferon, a substance normally produced by human cell,. He and his fellow researcher, reported the double blind study in the December 20, J986, ,._,ueof the British medical journal The R Lancet. The UB climcal profos<,0rof neurology and m,earcher at the Dent Neurologic Irwitute located at ~1illard Fillmore Ho-p1tal led rhc- BUFFAID ~..!!,...-tl•~·~ - N study of three U.S. medical centers. He said the results at this stage of testing are encouraging enough that he hopes the treatment may, in ume, replace the more standard treatment approaches for patients with exacerbatingremitting multiple sclerosis. Jacobs empha,1zcs that while interferon is not a cure for the crippling neurologic disorder, wh1eh has no known cau:,e, it significantly prevents exacerbations which would otherwise be expected m the cour..e of the disease. It has not been proven to be effecuve, however, for the progressive form of multiple sclerosis in which progr~ve debilitation occurs without exacerbation,. "Dr. Jacobs' study is an example of significant clinical research being done in Buffalo to discover the causes and treatment of one of our mo-t ~ous nc-urological diseases," relates Dr. Michael Cohen, professor and chairman of neurology ar UB. "Although the findings are not conclusive, rhey certainly merit connnued study and replication. Dr. Jacobs 1sto be commended for his research and we look forward to further reports of his srud1es in the future." Approximately half the patients with this form of the disease at the Dent Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, and the University of Rochester Medical Center received inJeCtlonsof interferon, while the ocher half received sham spinal taps with sterile water injected mto subcutaneous tissue (placebo treatments). Patients in the recipient and control groups were matched for their pre-<;tudyexacerbation rates based on their past medical histories of active periods of disease. Natural human beta interferon in dosages of I million units each were given via lumbar (spinal) punctures once a week for the first four weeks of the study and once a month thereafter for five months to thO<,Cin the expenmental groups. followed over the Patients in both groups w<.>re two-year period during which their clinical status was rated using two accepted neurologK scoring systems. At the end of the study, the exacerbation rates of the interferon recipients had decrea<ed by 57 per cent, which the inv~ugator~ attribute mainly to the mterferon treatment. The controls' rate had deueased by only 26 per cent which was felt • to be a placebo effect. - Brnce S. Kmhner SUMMER'87 �34 HosJJital Neus Children's dedicates the Peter and Tommy Colucci Liver Center T he Children's Hospital of Buffalo dt.'Clicated che Peter and Tommy Colucci Liver Researth Center Memorial last November. The Center is named after the <;ons of Mr. and Mrs. Anthony J. ColU\:ci, Jr., who lose their lives co liver disease. The Center is housed in the lmemacional Institute for Infant Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease at Children's, and is supported by the Peter and Tommv Fund, Inc., which fosters research in pediatric liver disease, and aid, families of afflicted children. Emanuel Lcbenrhal, M.D .. chief of UB's Division of Gastrocnterology and Nutrition, and direcror of the institute, will supervise research at the Center. (From Children's Hmpital's "Bambino," November 1986.) • Medical Foundation celebrates 30th year T he Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Inc., has celebrated its 30rh year. Located across from Buffalo General Hospital, the foundation gained recognition when its president and research director, Dr. Herbert Hauptman, won the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. With a staff of 25 Ph.D. scientists, its 15-member molecular biophysics group is possibly the largest in the country. The independent, non-profit institute conducts research on hormone-related disorders, including cancer, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, birth defects, and related problems. It was founded in 1956 by endocrinologist George F. Koepf, M.D., who is its prt.-sident and chairman of the hoard. Dr. Koepf is a 1937 UB medical alumnus. • MFH adds residency in family medicine 1llard Fillmore Hospital has commenct.-d its new family medicine residency program, based :n the new Louis Lazar Family M SUMMER'87 Medicine Center ac che hospical's suburban facility. The three-year program plans to accommodate four residents per year. Daniel Morelli, M.D., vice chairman and director of graduate education at UB's Department of Family Medicine, will direct the program . The Lazar Center was funded in part by an endowment from the Lazar family. Dr. Lazar is a UB undergraduate alumnus and a clinical associate profes..-;or of family mc<licme. He formerly chaired the hospital's Familv Practice Department. • ECMC's acute care and skilled nursing units are accredited F ollowing a recent full survey of the acute care hospital and its Skilled Nursing Facility, the Erie County MediLal Center ha, received a three-year accreditation of hoth facilities by the Joint Commission on AcLrcdication of Hospitals (JCAH). The JCAH is a nationally-recognized bodv which assesses the quality of care rendered in health-care facilities. Accrt."Clitationinsures continued participation in the Medicare reimburscmenr program and is also recognized by rhe N.Y.S. Health Oepartmenr as an indicator of the quality of care rendered by rhe insritution. • Mercy acquires new bone disease diagnostic device J oseph A. Prezio, M.D., chairman of UB's and Mercy Hospital's Department of Nuclear Medicine, has announced the acquisition of the newest, most reliable equipment for che diagnosis of osteopenia/osteoporosis, a painful, crippling bone disease that strikes one out of every four women over the age of 65. "This new Dual Photon Bone Densitometer," notes Dr. Prezio, "utilizes well-tested techniques for precise, efficienr measurements of bone mineral content, allowing physicians to accurately assess osteoporotic patients without subjecting them to high levels of radiation." The system, which features an advanced computer and specialized program, provides Mercy's staff with greater flexibility in working with patients, as well as in obtaining and viewing results. le provides physicians with unparalleled quality and production of clearer images for more thorough evaluation of critical areas. • Tri ..County opens Conewango satellite T ri-County Memorial Hospital of Gowanda, N.Y. recently opened an unusual satellite facility, the Conewango Valley Medical Cenrer. It is designt:d to provide ambulatory services for the largely Amish population of chis rural Chautauqua County area. Funded by a $203,000 NY Department of Health grant, it is a cooperative venture between the UB School of Medicine, the Health Department, the hospital, and the community. The center is unique because about 20 per cenr of the construction and interior work was performed by community members. lrs rural and Amish population, as well as native Americans and clients of area mental health facilities, create a specially di\'ersc population which will be attractive to physicians at UB. • BGH graduates its last nursing class T he Buffalo General Hospital School of Nursing, the oldest hospital-based school of nursing in the United States , graduated its final class of 23 women and two men January 4, 1987. Founded in 1877, the Training School for nurses, as it was then known, was the first nurses' training school west of New York City. In 1942, the Traming School and the then University of Buffalo struck a contract to allow nursing candidates to receive instrucnon in anatomy, chemistry, miuohiology, and sociology. In the mid-1940s, the name was changed to the &hool of Nursing, a reflection of the effort to make nursing more education oriented rather than :;crvice oriented. The final 25graduates join more than 3,700 BGH School of Nursing graduates. • �35 llospual Neus Buffalo General team offers assistance for cardiac care in India A Buffalo General Hosrmal heart team returned last March to Western New York after a two•wt-ek ,;sir to India to teach ne,, tt-.:hmques in cardiac surgery and co help establish an angiology department. The <ax-member team, which instructed per· sonncl at NC\, Delhi's Batra Ho,pual and Medirnl Research Centre, induded Buffalo General team leader, Joginder Bhayana, M.D., UB a<socaareprofe,!Or of surgery, and DJavad Arani, M.D., d1reuor of the BGH Ang1ologv Department and chnzcal associate professor of rned1cme. A heart unit has bt.-en m operation at the New Delhi facility smc.:e1968,but Barra did not perform angioplasty, Dr. Bhayana said. Dr. Arani wa, responsible for ass1snng m rhe start· up of an angioplasty program there while Dr. Bhayana pro\'lded instruction m heart valve repair and such bypa,s procedures as internal mammary grafting. "A lot of heart valve work is done in India bt.-cause of the high incidence of rheumanc fe"er," --aid Dr. Bhayana. "The fever, which is u)mmon co developing counmcs, adversely aff1.-.:tsthe heart valve." Dr. Bhavana was comacced last vcar bv N.S. Dixit, M.D., one of Batra's cardiologists, to wmc to India and to update their hospital with the latest pnx:1.-durc,and tf.."Chnolog1es. "It'< ah,avs samfvmg to go mto another u)untry and help," Dr. Bhayana added. "We wanted co give them the latest wchnology and • help them w grow." Roswell's OSCC renewed until 1989 T he Organ Systems Coordinating Center (OSCC) at Roswell Park Memorial lnsmute has been extended through July 1989by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The OSCC will receive Just over 51 million per year for the next thrt'C years to continue efforts on developing research projects targeted at cancers of the hladder, breast, central nervous system, large bowel, pancreas, pro,tate, and upper aerod1gestive system. The NCI escablished the OSCC at Roswell Park m 1984 through a cooperative agrt'Cment gram. Dr. James Karr, d1r1.-.:mrof the OSCC, said, "This decNon was bascJ on the succe,ses registered by the OSCC during its recemly completed second year of • operauon." SUMMER '87 �36 Classnotes Medica l Staff of Mercy Hospital of Buffalo. Dr. Fanelli, who has served as chief of the Department of Family Practice at the hospital since 1974,also has a private practice in Orchard Park. Charles D . Ross (M'47) • has retired from pediatric practice after 32 years and is now a medical consultant with the California Stare Department of Health Services. Alan l. Mand elberg (M'72) • writes: "I am a board certified Do nald Pinkel (M' 5 1) • was one of three doctors to be awarded gold medals and $130,000each recently at the eighth annual General Motors Cancer Foundation Research Awards in New York City for making hallmark contributions to cancer research. The former UB faculty member, presently at the University of Texas' M.D. Anderson Hospira! and Tumor Institute in Houston, was chosen by a committee of 31 international scientists for his work in helping to develop cancer chemotheraphy that cures some children of leukemia. While in Buffalo, Pinke! trained at Mercy and Children's Hospitals and was chief of pediatrics at Roswell Park. Pinke! is also a previous winner of the coveted Lasker Award . Ra y J. Thurn (M '5 2) • received the Clinical Teaching Award from St. John's Hospital, Sc. Paul, Mn. Saar A. Porrath (M'61) • of Beverly Hills, Ca., is the author of a book, A MuliimodalityApproach co Breast Imaging, published by Aspen Press, Rockville, Md. J o hn R. Fan e lli (M'63) • has been elected president of the Dr John R ophthalmologist in North Hollywood, Ca . I took a fellowship in cornea and external eye disease in Rochester, N.Y. I am currently assistant clinical professor of ophthalmology at USC , Los Angeles County, School of Medicine, Chai rman of Continuing Education and Commissioner for the Joint Commission of Allied Hea lth Personnel in Ophthalmology, and chief of ophthalmology at Saint Joseph's Medical Center in Burbank, Ca. I have recently developed a computer software program for ophthalmology, and have had a chapter accepted for publication in a new book published by the Conrecr Lens Association of Ophthalmo logists." Letter To The Editor Editor: It was a pleasure to receive rhe December 1986 issue of the Buffalo Physicianwhich I have read from cover to cover ... One particularly interesting article was the chronicle of the recent renovation, expansion, and development of the facilities at the Medical School and of the history of rhe Medical School on High Street. This was interesting since The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, which has a long and interesting history, has an architectural parallel. A particular view in that article which struck me as a fascinating parallel ro the recent history at Galveston is the picture of Alumni Hall, which disappeared in 1954with the razing of the High Street building. This hall is almost a duplicate of the recently renovated lecture hall of the original medical school building at Galveston built in 1891. The general layout, the sliding blackboard, the tiers of folding chairs and even the balcony entrances are almost identical. I have enclosed a photograph which might be of interest to you and illustrates the remarkable similarity .... As just a note, I would pass on to you there are at the medical schools in Galveston and Houston alone, five medical alumni chat I hall <1t the olcl UB A I know of and three of us are from the Class of '64! Sincerely1ours, Charles T . Ladouli s, M.D . Associate Professor Deparnneniof Paiholog) · �Deaths Ra ym o nd Ru ss Sto ltz (M'25) • died July 12, 1986 in Upper Momcla1r, N.J. He had a general pracnct•, oh<.tetric, and gyne<:ology in Passaic, N.J. for 50 years. Dr Scoln wa< in· strumemal in the establishment of an expanded Emergency Room at Passaic General Hospital and servc:don the hospital's medical staff for 50 years. He wa< the re<:ipientof the Golden Menr Award given by the Medical Society of New J~rs.:y m recognition of his 50 years as a physician. He was a member of the 50-Year Club of American Med1dne of the American M1.-dical A<S<x1at1on. He is survived by hi, wife, Mildred, and hi• daughter, Millicent Rae. J. Whit e (M'4 2) • a retired surgeon, died in Port St. Lucie, Fl. on October 12, 1986. While at the University at Buffalo he wa< captam of the wrestling team. Dr. White served with the 52nd General Hospital in England as a surgeon. After the war he was associatoo with the Tri-County Memorial Hospital for twenty years before his retirement. He was a founding director of the Port St. Lucie Bank (Barnett Bank) and served as director emeritus of the bank until his death. Ward Erratum: ■ In the February 1987 issue of BuffaloPhvsician,it was erroneously repom-d that Dr. Jack L1ppcs had taken a position ac another university. It should have read chat he took a leave of absence for one year to serve as vtte president for re,earch at Family Health lnternac1onal at Re.earch Triangle Park, N.C. He has since returned • to his UB position. ----- - --;:~ ~--------------------------------------------r--i---IF MAILED IN THE UNITEDSTATES REPLYMAIL BUSINESS FIRSTCLASS NO. 2210 PERMIT NY. BUFFALO. POSTAGEWILL8E PAIDBY ADDRESSEE BUFFAID P H Y S C I A N 139 Cary Hall State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14214-9980 I,,I,,1,I,,,II,I,,II,I,,I,I,,I,,I,II,,,,,I,II I,..11, �BUFFAID I p H y s c A - No n-Profit Org . U.S. Postage PAID Buffalo. N. Y. Perm it No. 311 N State University of New York at Buffa lo 3435 Ma in Street Buffalo. New York 14214 Address Correction Requested ~EDI CAL HISTORICAL LI B. ~IrBALL TOWE R, SERIALS DEPT. MAIN ST. CAMPUS lJFFALO t--i Y 14:2 14 FIii out this card (Please print or type all entries) Name -------------------------- M.O._ Ph.O.__ Year Received ___ _ Office Address Home Address - --- ------------- ------- ------------ - --- If not UB, M.D. or Ph.D. received from In Private Practice : Yes J In Academic Medicine: Yes No □ Specialty No □ Part Time D Fu ll Time D School __ _ ______________ _ Title Other: Professional Society Memberships -- - -- -- ---- - --------------------- News : Have you changed posit ions. published, been involved in civic activities , had honors bestowed . etc? _____ Please send curr iculum vitae. clippin g s. publications. or announcements , also include a photo of yourself. _ _ _ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. 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School of Medicine -- Periodicals Medical colleges -- New York (State) -- Buffalo -- Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-Summer Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Relation A related resource MIcFilm LD701 .B42 M5 no. 268-271, Buffalo physician and biomedical scientist Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008_1987-v21n02-Summer Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Physicians and Smoking Cessation Knocking the Supernatural High Tech Babies A Nobel Year In Pursuit of Butterflies People Medical School News Research Hospital News Classnotes Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-28 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v21n02 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. New York (State) -- Buffalo Is Format Of A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format. Journals and magazines (periodicals) Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1987 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b29e3d080e7bbf597d7cb8e73559085b.pdf 9c871732a7f0ed5838d2ade9108dd933 PDF Text Text p VOLUME y H 21, Nl'MBER s C A N Spring '87 I • Adventures in Health Care �BUFFAID PHYSICIAN Dean's Messag e STAFF EXEC l TIVE EDITOR. UNIVERSITY Pl BLKATIO:-.:s Robert T Marlett BUFFALO PHYSll lAN EDITOR Bruce S Kershner ART DlREC.TOR Alan J Kegler PHOTl..'>GRAPHY Phyllis ( hnstopher Doui,:las Lt.•vere Frank Lutcri:k Ed No"ak ADVISORY BOARD Dr John Naughton. C hairrr.u'l Dr Harold Brody Mr Ke,m Craig Ms Karen DryJa Ms Nan,~ G!ite,o Dr lames Kansk1 Ms Manon Manono"sk1 Dr Daniel Mordh Dr l harles Pagandh Mr James Ph1ll1ps Dr lohn Przvluck1 Mr John Pulh Dr Robert "iche1i: Mr M,h :::iha" Mr :::ireveShwmsky Mr Raul Vdasqur. Dr Mary Voorhe s Dr John Wright Dr Maggie Wright Dr Joseph 21::1,Jr D ear Friends of the School of Medicine: The formation of the Western New York Health Sciences Consortium was announced on March 23, 1987. This new organization will be composed of the eight teaching hospitals m Buffalo, the School of Medicine and representatives of the business community nominated by the Greater Buffalo Development Foundanon. The decision to form this new organization culminated two years of discussion and study focused on how the Buffalo health care and medical education community could best ensure the maintenance of a strong, competitive position at a nme of tremendous changes m the medical and health care systems throughout the United States. Thanks to the fine leadership provided by APM consultants of New York City, 1t became clear that in our environment, a co-operative, rather than an instuuuonally compctmve, response to change was preferrable. The consortium's ambitious goals arc to strengthen the teaching hospital system, to enhance the overall com mun1ty Image as a health care provider, and to facilitate the school's continued growth and stature. The consortium will begin to take shape in coming months and over the course of the next two to three years, its effectiveness will be determined. If successful, it can serve as a model for other commun111cscomparable to Buffalo and It will demonstrate the feasibility of applying the academic health center concept to a regional rather than a geographical s1te-spec1fic framework. Future publication of the Buffalo Ph~s1cwnwill keep you abreast of our progress. Sin.:erdy. John Naughton, M.D. Vicc Prcmlenr for Clrn1c:al Affam Dean, School of Mcd,crne TEACHING HOSPITALS Buffalo General Children's Eru.-(,.:,11ntv Mcd1LalCenter Merq Millard F1llmon· Roswdl Pork M<monai lnsmute Sisters of ( hartt~ \ eterans Admtmsrrauon McdKal ( enter Medical Alumni Association President's Message Pre.Ju, d b-, th, 1>11<um<•/ L n,,_.,., :, H atwnJ m WS°"- a'wn "uh th,: '\,.J,ool of Med,,,.,, \tct•, l n,, ,.,.111, of "'"' \ mk ul R d/ulr, rHE BLFFALOPHY:::ill lANCUSPS 551-860) Spring 1987, Volume 21. '-lumber 1 Published five 11mes annually Late \\linter, SrrmJ,?, Summer, Fall and brly Winter - by the School ot Mi:d1one, :State l.m · vasn~ of Ne" York at Buffalo. 34 ~5 Mam Street, Ruftalo. Ne" York 14214 . Thud class bulk postage paid at Ruttalo, Ne"' YorL: Send address changes to THI:. Rl FFALO PHYS! CIA!'l, 139 Carv Hall. 34 3'i Main Str.-et, Buttalo, Ne"' York 14214 D ear Colleague: To mark the 50th Anniversary of Spring Clinical Day, this year's symposium will be held on Satu rday, May 9, 1987 at the Buffalo Hilton. "WARM WEATHER WOES THINGS THAT GO WRONG IN THE SUMMER" will offer an overview of common summertime injuries and illnesses and how to treat them. Our Stockton Kimball Lecturer.James F. Holland M.D. is professo r and chairman of Neoplastic Diseases at Mt. Sinai Medical School 1n New York. He 1s also director of the Cancer Center at Mt. Sinai Hospttal. Between 1950 and 1970. he served on the faculty of the University at Buffalo's School of Medicine. He received the Lasker Award 1n cancer chemotherapy 1n 1972, the American Cancer Society National Award in 1981 and the Columbia University Gold Medal for d1st1ngu1shed achievements m medicine in 1983. We invne all physicians to Spring Clinical Day. The program should prove to be an exciting and informative one. -John E. Pn :.ylucki, M.D. '73 I �H y I CONTENTS 2 Window Into The Br ain • "A window in to the brain" is how a UB psyc hi atrist refers to the biochemi, cal tests for depression that he is developing. U riel Halbreich, M.D., says the safe and reliable blood test represents significant progress toward diagnosing this widesp read psychiatric ailment . 4 Tropical Medicine • In three related articles, a trio of UB associated physicians relate their experiences with medical ca re in tropical environments. Dr. Joseph Molea tells of time spent with a medical mission in Ecuador ( Page 4 ). One need only visit the tropics to be quickly snapped back to the earthy reality of how poorly many modern medical solut ions apply to most of the rest of the world, he notes. Dr. Richard V. Lee recalls the adventures in med icine that have taken him from Vie tn amese refugee camps in Thailand to the Himal aya mountains, to a Sioux Indi an reservation (Page 7). Fin ally, Dr. Samuel Lieberman recalls his expe, riences with the first M.A.S.H. type units in the Pacific Theatre combat zone during World War II (Page 10). 1 Touching • The soph istication of medical technology has tended to diminish appreciation for the potency of human contact in medical care. The act of laying on hands can still contribute immensely both to spir itual and co rporeal health, writes Dr. Richa rd V. Lee. HOSPITAL NEWS •1 7, 26, 29 Gent•ral Krueger, ch11 ff for Gen. Douglas MacArthur, au,ards Lcgwn 01 Merri to Dr. Samuel Lieberman, Luton, Philippine,, I 945. For an account of Dr L,cbcnnan's scnicc with M.A.S.H. units in the Pacific Theatre during \Vorld War II, sec page JO. RESEAR C H • 22 With all the billions of dollars the United States has spent fighting cancer, why is there still no cure? ON GETT ING S HOT AT • I 9 Guns arc just ALUMNI too damn final and unfor• giving to be ignored as an issue by physicians, writes Dr . Lawrence Beahan. MED I CAL SC HOOL NEWS • 26 PEOPLE• • 25 30 CLASSNO TE S • 35 �2 ((A WINDOW INTO THE BRAIN window into the brain" is how a UB psychiatrist refers to the biochemical tests for depression that he is developing. Uriel Halbreich, M.D., says the safe and reliable blood test represents significant progress coward diagnosing this widespread psychiatric ailment. Not only is the test relatively accurate, but it promises to be one of the first tests that is essentially non-invasive, safe, and inexpensive for different kinds of depressions. It is also convenient for the patient since blood drawings take place only during the afternoon, require no hospitalization, and permit the patient to move freely during the procedure. "It is clearly an efficient and elegant technique," Halbreich comments. The professor of psychiatry performs the test by measuring certain chemicals in blood samples of patients. One of the primary chemicals he analyzes is MHPG, a metabolite of the brain neurotransmitter noradrenalin. MHPG levels reflect changes in noradrenalin activity of the brain, which is closely associated with depression. If M HPG levels are abnormally high or low for the age of the patient, this reflects various abnormalities of the brain. Levels of another hormone, cortisol (regulated by noradrenelin), have also been found to be elevated in some depressive patients. Along with clinical interviews, measurement of M HPG and cortisol in the blood are now valuable tools in diagnosing depression, Halbreich states. Halbreich believes that the biological tests that are developed from his findings are likely to become an essential part of diagnostic procedures in psychiatry. His approach will lead to a psychiatric diagnosis chat will be based on a combination of clinical symptomology, pathophysiology, genetics, and treatment response. Halbreich discovered that just a single plasma drawing from one to four o'clock in the afternoon could accurately repres- Spring '87 BY BRL'CE S. KERSHNER ent levels of cortisol and MHPG over an entire 24-hour period. His research turns the afternoon continuous test for cortisol and MHPG from an experimental procedure to a clinically reliable and replicable one. "This is now a blood test that is simple, inexpensive, and practical. Previous methods, for example, required 24-hour blood samplings, cumbersome samplings, and less accurate urine or riskier spinal fluid taps." Halbreich began his work to devise tests for depression in 1982. In the late 1970s, the dexamethasone suppression test was claimed as the first specific test for depression. It became widely used until experience led to disillusionment. Physicians discovered that rhe test was not helpful and too general since it often showed positive not only for depression but also for weight loss, alcoholism, schizoeffective disorders or even unspecified stress. Use of the test is being disbanded with no substitute. Halbreich 's test is part of a battery of reliable and practical tests that are currently being developed. albreich and others have identified three variables that are manifested in the afternoon continuous test and must be accounted for in any test for depression. First, M HPG levels increase with age. Halbreich adjusts plasma MHPG levels for this variable. Second, depressives don't just differ from normals by having abnormal levels of MHPG; they have euher abnormally high ( 60%) or abnormally low levels (25 % ) for their age. While Halbreich has not found any convincing clinical differ ences between these two subgroups, they are different in their pathophysiology, and hence in their treatment response. The choice of treatment for those with low MHPG levels should be different H BUFFALO ~ i.' Ll...£ Nj from those with high levels. "High M HPG levels, however, might be more difficult to treat," the Israeli-born scientist remarks." We are looking for an appropriate treatment for that group." The third variable is diurnal rhythm. Halbreich found that depressives often have MHPG peaks offset from normals, either coming on earlier or later. Normal peaks occur in the early afternoon. He suspects that abnormal diurnal rhythm of noradrenalin might be as important as abnormal quantities of that neurotransmitter. This is another factor that will be tested in future research. Halbreich just completed testing of 340 patients to identify other correlations. He is seeking to find out if different depressive states across diagnoses share similar physiological conditions that relate to cortisol and MHPG. He is also correlating abnormalities of cortisol and MHPG with severity of certain psychological symptoms. For example, does low guilt feeling correlate with low levels of cortisol and high guilt feeling with high levels of cortisol? ls the diurnal variation of mood associated with elevated levels of cortisol? These and other psychologi cal factors are being quantified from indepth structured clinical interviews. Before coming to UB in I 985, Halbreich was a faculty member at Albert Einstein College of Medicine for 5 years, and previous to that, on faculty at the medical schools of Columbia University in New York City and Hebrew University in Israel. A native of Jerusalem, he earned his M.D. from Hebrew Univer sity Hadassah Medical School in 1969. He served in the military until 1972, attaining a rank of vice chief medical officer in the Israeli Navy. After his residency in Israel, he was also chief psychiatrist for the Israeli Navy. Halbreich has been honored with the Ben Gurion Award and another research award in Israel and the National Research Service Award in the U.S. • �3 BUFFALO JP1-1vs1¢1ANI Spring '87 �4 Or. Molcu u ,tit clt,ld, Tl'll m front of medical ,ara,an 1n Ecuador NEW WORLD ILLNESS /THIRD WORLD CURE BY JOSEPH MOLEA (M"86) W e practitioners of Western medicine speak proudly of new medical advances, devices, and other achievements made possible by modern technology and research. However marvelous these achievements may be, one need only to visit the tropics to be quickly snapped back to the earthy reality of how poorly many of these modern medical solutions apply to most of the rest of the world. The experience which, for me, best illustrated the problems associated with applying methods of modern medicine in Third World nations took place four years ago as l was beginning my medical education, some I 00 kilometers into the Amazon rain forests of Ecuador. A technological marvel known as the "Ecuadorian Pipeline" snakes through these jungles connecting the oil fields of the "Oriente" region with Ecuador's Pacific coast across the snow capped peaks of the Andes. The pipeline took Texaco ten years to build and paved the way for the country's membership in OPEC. It also opened this area co access by land. The pipeline brought with it settlers to mix Spring '87 with the indigenous populations of the region formerly isolated from the outside world. It also served as an anachronistic backdrop for an eye-opening lesson in health care. I had been designated as a "working visitor" to an American mission hospital in Quito. A medical caravan had been organized to one of the small towns which had sprouted up along the pipeline, each one naming itself for its distance down the pipeline from its origin at the oil fields. Our destination would be "Kilo metro 14." The team, under the direction of Ron Guderian, himself a Ph.D. in clinical pathology, consisted of one M.D .. two nurses, one student nurse, and myself. I was to be the "lab tech," a position for which l was aptly suited since we had virtually no lab, just an antiquated, monocular microscope and some glass slides. We were to provide basic medical care to the people who lived in and around "Kilometro 14" who had virtually no other access to care throughout the year. It was an exciting prospect for a budding, young medic like myself. Why not1 We had the cure, right? BUFFAID L..!.:E.Y _.i I £_ I ~ N Despite my sense of anticipation, before leaving Quito I confessed some feelings of inadequacy to Dr. Guderian regarding my role . He assured me that I would be equal to the task. He merely suggested that I "hang around" the hospital lab for a few days before leaving for the trip. When I asked for specifics, he quelled me with a quick gesture of his hand and promised to explain everything to me after our arrival. This seemed a tremen- �s dous vote of confidence for one as inexperienced as myself, but I deferred exploring other more obvious possibilities (like the need for "warm bodies") and wandered off to find the lab. e arrived at "Kilometro 14" a few days later, having left the mountains of Quito earlier that morning and rambled down the dirt road which parallels the pipeline the better part of a W day. Our "clinic" was to be the local church - a windowless edifice, smaller than you might expect, with four wooden walls, a concrete floor, and a corrugated tin roof. Most of the homes in the area still used more traditional building mate rials such as bamboo and thatch. We set about stringing rope at one end of the building and hung blankets behind which the doctor could examine patients in relative privacy. We then took the mirror BUFFALO ce:. -.:. V _ll~I AN ] off of the microscope and rigged it with a flashlight bulb and battery to make it functional inside the church. The "dental office" was set up inside our converted step van. Or. Guderian, a veteran of many such caravans, had learned to give mandibular nerve blocks, fill cavities, and pull teeth, a service for which the "campesinos" (local people) were willing to wait in the hot sun for days. By 8 a.m. the following morning the Spring '87 �6 sun was already blazing, and we were all ready to go. Approximately 50 people were already seated in and around the church watching us make our preparations. Dr. Guderian began to show me how to analyze the samples of stool: a glass slide; a toothpick; a particle of stool, moist from inside of the bolus. Smear the slide. A drop of saline and a coverslip. Use both low and high power. His explanation took all of ten seconds. He was already halfway out the doo r by the time I collected myself enough to protest. "No stain?," I asked. "Don't need it. When you find something that doesn't look like stool," he said, "come and get me." I sat there fo r a moment staring at my make-shift table while the "campesinos," their numbers seeming to have doubled, sat staring at me as 1 prepared to examine their most intimate byproducts. Then I dutifully made my first slide and placed it on the stage. I looked through the oculus and tried co focus on something tangible in the amorphous mass. It was just as nondescript as 1 had expected ... for about two complete turns of the centering screw! In that instant a speck of amber interrupted the gray ooze. I switched to the "high dry" lens and tried to get a better look. A yellowish, footballshaped object snapped into focus. An oblong delineation marked the center and two perfect circles decorated each end. I retrieved Dr. Guderian with a melodramatic flair and some cryptic statement about "have found something.•• ((T richuris trichiura," he announced. "Whipworm eggs; unfertilized." I noted the name and removed the slide from the stage. The next five specimens all had T. trichiura. So did th e sixth. But, instead of just re moving the slide as I had previously done, I happened to turn the centering screw one last time when, wonde r of wonders, a rounder version of the first ellipse appea red. I was up and back with Or. G. "Ascaris," he said after a glance, "Fertilized." The nexc five specimens all had T. trichiura and Ascaris . My next revelation gave me a bit of a start for as I Spring '87 adjusted the focus a slight movement caught my eye. "Strongyloides," went his explanation of the writhing cylinder, "larval stage." Thus, the morning proceeded. Lunch rime found me 50 specimens the wiser with Ancylostoma duodenales having been added to my list. After we had finished our cooked, unripened bananas and rice, Dr. Guderian asked me if I had found any Amoeba yet. I assured him that there had been none, asserting the "More medicine was not the solution. Public health was the issue. As I watched them leave, I thought my time that day might have better been spent behind a shovel than in a laboratory.'' full weight of the morning's vast experience. He, in turn, assured me that there had been and invited me along to see. Back at my table he picked up the next slide and prepared it, placed it on the stage, and began to examine the specimen. The delay was just long enough for me to begin co taste victory. Then he motioned for me to examine the field. At first I saw nothing; no remarkable colo r or movement. Finally, I noticed a seemingly perfect circle floating lazily through the microscopic debris, its geometry the only notable contrast with its environment. "It's the cyst form," quipped the doctor. "They're a little hard to find." The afternoon added even mo re players to the cast of my endeavor to identify the resident pathogens of "Kilo metro 14." Gia rdia lamblia was easily identified with its distinctive resemblance to a ten- nis racket with a pair of crossed eyes on the paddle. The tear drop-shaped, flagellated Chilomastix mesnili playfully turned somersaults, somehow hinting at its nonpathological role. Balantidium coli, its cilia beating vigorously, churned through its fetid environs. Taenia solium and saginaturm eggs made their appearance with their angry scolexes armed with poised hooks. One hundred and ten samples by the end of the day. One hund red positives. More organisms than I would ever again identify in my medical school career. We treated everyone who was symptomatic; protozoa! infections \\'ith merronidazole , intestinal hel minthes with piperacillin. Most patients received both. A rather productive day I thought. ((T hey'll all be reinfected within two weeks," said Or. Guderian as -he at dinner. I sat dumbfounded explained that in these parts, while the fecal-oral route was certainly well traveled, the path co the latrine was virtually uncharted. "They don't even dig them," he said. "They use their fields. You can't change habits with medicine." That evening we showed a Walt Disney cartoon film to the people of "Kilometro 14." It depicted two neighboring peasant families amidst their homes and garde ns. One family was dirty and sick. The other family was clean and healthy ... and had a latrine. The "campesinos" watched and laughed with obvious delight at the lighthearted parody of themselves. When the film had ended I watched them as they p repared to return down the pipeline to their homes and wondered if the crowds would be any bigger at the latrine the next day. I also reminisced about the events of the day; how much I had seen through the lens of my microscope, and how little effect the medications we gave would eventually have. More medicine was not the solution. Public health was the issue. All else was folly. And I thought, as I watched them leave, chat my ti me that day might have been better spent behind a shovel. • Dr MOleo 1sc uuently o hrst -yea , reStdent at Episcopal Hospt101 pt) , ode1 p~o Po �7 MEDICINE AS AN ADVENTURE Traveling the world, Dr. Richard Lee likes to do, not just see BY JONATHAN edicine is an adventure, even on Park Avenue," says Richard V. Lee, M.D. But Lee's adventures take him far away from the "Park Avenue"-type setting to which he refers. Treating Vietnamese refugees in Thailand, in fact, is about as far away from Park Avenue as one can get. In the fall of 1979, Dr. Lee received a call from a Jesuit priest at Georgetown University asking him to go to Thailand and set up a program to train medical students and housestaffs in refugee camps on the Thai border. The situation in 1979 was that the C. PULLANO Thai government was granting temporary asylum to those people who were fleeing from the Vietnamese. From October I 979 until early l 980, al most 200,000 people crossed over the border into Thailand. (CCSDPT Handbook: Refugee Servi ces in Thailand, 1986.) In April l 980, Dr. Lee went to Thailand to set up one of these camps near Nong Khai. "When I left, l didn't know exactly where l was going. We flew into Bangkok in the middle of the night. l had to land the plane (a 747 Flying Tiger) myself." Once in Bangkok, he was sent by the Catholic Relief Services (CRS) to Nong BUFFAID jPHv51¢1 AN 1 Khai to investigate the area. "We had to travel at night because it was too dangerous to travel during the day. We went across the river to Nong Khai. I stayed in a house on the river where I could hear shooting at night. Whenever we went back to the camp in the morning, we would find wounded and dead. There was malaria, measles, tuberculosis, and death all around. The survivors were shipped to other camps which were equipped with hospitals." After six weeks, Dr. Lee returned tO Bangkok and wrote a report to submit to Georgetown University and the CRS to formally institute a program to train doc- Spring '87 �8 tors for refugee diasters. This program, now known as the University Volunteer Internship Program, sends fourth-year medical students to Thailand to volunteer their services for six to eight weeks. The program trains doctors to work under the adverse and even primitive conditions of these refugee camps. Lee serves as UB coordinator of the program which is administered at Georgetown. His involvement guarantees placement for qualified UB medical students. "The program is an eye opener for medical students," Lee says. "They get to see medicine like it was 100 years ago. Clinical decisions are made purely on the basis of your ability as a physician." Lee said that the students learn that "being a physician doesn't mean surviving by the use of your equipment. Medicine at these camps is quite different than at ECMC. The students have to rely on their ability to do a physical examination." s an observer, Lee is quite taken with the refugees that he has met. "These very tough people are survivors, and I admire them." The most recent of his travels led him to India, where he hiked through the Himalayan Mountains. He also was invited as a visiting professor and guest lecturer to the Sher-I-Kashmir in Kashmir, India. "When I was hiking in the Himalayas, 1 found isolated valleys of people with their own isolated health problems. We went into these valleys and vaccinated them against tetanus." He notes that in the U.S., we don't consider tetanus to be a serious health problem, but in the Himalayas, it is. "I would like to figure out a way to A Tib<'tan Spring'87 Buddhist monk, \1•·asln taccinc research, X, i ,, !rans, Bra~il. organize a medical trek of students, faculty and housestaff to spend a few months in the Himalayas to treat these people and also vaccinate them against tetanus." ee's experiences with non- Western cultures started shortly after graduating from Yale Medical School in L Ladal 1964, when he took two years off from his residency to work on an Indian reservation in Poplar, Montana. "I was a surgeon at the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. I worked with Sioux Indians and another tribe whose name, when translated from their language, means 'Big Bellies.' It was this experience Ladakh, patnarch BUFFAID J:: ~ y T ~ I .!J._ N_] �9 that sparked my interest in other cultures and the isolated diseases related to these groups." Lee then spent the next year in private general practice in Chester, Montana. "[ was one of three doctors in an area the size of Connecticut. People came from miles to see me. I did a lot of appendectomies and deliveries. It was an experience that most interns don't get." Because of Dr. Lee's work with Indians in Montana and his background in infectious disease research, he was selected to participate in a 1972 study of diseases among certain lndian tribes in Brazil. "These tribes were so isolated that they rarely contracted any infectious diseases, such as measles. When such a virus arrived, everyone would contract it, and there would be a high death rate. "We tested a new measles vaccine to see how long it would last. These isolated tribes were perfect for testing because we could go back 12 to 18 months later and check their progress. My last trip there was in 1984 and the vaccine was still working." Lee's interest in these tribes could not be described as purely medical. "As a third-year medical student, I became fascinated by othe r cultures. Our own culture is only one small segment of humanity. I think physicians should know as much about other humans as poss ible. Lee came to UB in 1976 as vice chairman of the Department of Medicine and served for three years. Besides being a professor of medicine and pediatrics at the Medical School, he serves as the head of the Department of Medicine at Children's Hospital of Buffalo and as chief of the Division of Maternal and Adolescent Medicine for UB's Department of Medi- cine. He is also an aviation medical examiner and a consultant in internal medicine for the New York Zoological Society at the Bronx Zoo. His many professional honors include the Student Teaching Award at Yale School of Medicine, UB's Housestaff Teaching Award, known as "The White Coat," and fellowships in the American College of Physicians, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Amer ican Academy of Family Practice. Lee is a reviewer for theJournal of lnfeccious Diseases, JAMA, and seven other journals. His journalistic duties include being consultant editor for both the Amencan Journal of Medicine and Human Sexuality. He has authored over 100 technical papers, chapters, and other professional articles, as well as 60 essays and editorials, most as a monthly columnist fo r the American Journal of Medicine. Read one of Dr. Lee's essays on page #15. riting is my passion - I like to write," Lee says. "I feel that it is valuable for doctors to improve their writing skills, and to write more often. They should not restrict their writing to scientific papers, but should also write for the people they treat and not just other doctors." Lee considers himself a believer intraditional medicine and this idea is reflected in his writings. But some of his colleagues think these traditional ideas are "too conservative" and consider him a "dreamer" searching for utopia. With all of his duties and research, it is hard for him to find time to write, but somehow he manages to keep a diary. "I do considerable writing at four o'clock in the morning. [ also writt: on weekends and whenever I am on a plane. Intercontinental flights are long and tedious, and writing helps me kill the time." Although Lee presently engages in human research, including studies of the medical complications of pregnancy, the effects of parasites, and the effects of diabetes on pregnancy, his research is not limited to humans. He is currently involved with a study of gorilla colonies at the Bronx Zoo and the Buffalo Zoo concerning the presence of a virus known as HIV (Human Immunity Virus) which is much like AIDS. His research goal is to develop an antidote for HIV. Lee says there are two cases in the Buffalo Zoo with a related virus. "I got interested in gorillas when l was at Yale during a discussion with one of my professors. I compared working in an emergency room to being in a zoo and he asked me if I would like to make rounds in an actual zoo." Returning to the tropical medicine projects that take him traveling around the world, Dr. Lee sees himself as more than a tourist. "I don't like just to see things, I like to do things. That's what is great about being a doctor, you can do something. You might not be able to cure a person, but you can always find ways to benefit him." When asked where his next travels may take him, he responded "Australia or Antarctica. Those are the two continents that l haven't traveled to yet. There are some very interesting cultures and settings there that I would like to study." Throughout Dr. Lee's explorations, he is not just a spectator, but a participant in cultures where 20th century Western medicine remains a foreign concept. • Rcfug,c morha and child, Thniland. Ref ugec camp staff. Thailand. BUFFAID (PHYS•¢~ Spring ·s7 �10 THE FIRST M.A.S.H. UNITS Anesthesiologistrecalls WWII combat surgeryin the tropics ( Abot·c) Paticnrs who.~e tvo1mds need, or,e:ratwn tl'eTC brought into this surgical dugoul on Bougainv,lle, 194 3. (Larger photo) Members of a surgical lt•am al the clearing station on Bougamt ille, puparing u oundcd soldiCT (or opCTatwn, 194 3. BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER oday's anesthesiologists practice their profession in air conditioned 0. R. 's, with sophisticated monitoring systems and state-of-the-art narcotic agents. However, at least one UB anesthesiologist remembers what it was like during the dark days of World War II to work under tropical heat and humidity without the use of gas machines, oxygen, or whole blood, and limited to the anesthetic choices of drop ether, spinal, or intra venous . Or. Samuel Lieberman, clinical associate professor of anesthesiology, served in the Pacific Theatre from 1943 to 1945 as the only anesthesiologist member of an advanced surgical unit, that is, a mobile operating room located in the combat zone itself. What was unusual was that it T Spring '87 was the first ti me such a concept was practiced in a war. "It was the first radical surgical attention in a military situation in which skilled personnel and equipment were all brought up to the fo rward areas (front lines), close to where the injuries occurred," notes the former U.S. Army Medical Corps captain, who was a member of one of only a few such teams in the South Pacific. "We were actually the first 'M.A.S.H.' units ( Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals)," he said, referring to the popular TV show by the same name. "Before that, physicians and technicians of infantry battalions performed only first aid at the front line. Casualties had to be evacuated to remote rear areas, away from combat, where adequate skilled personnel and facilities ��12 existed," Dr. Lieberman notes. Mobile operating teams in the combat zone did not appear until World War II for two simple reasons. It was not realized until then that a now-basic principle should be applied to military situations, the principle that the quicker the surgical care, the less shock, pain, infection, and mortality. Second, the actual mechanics of assembling such a mobile operating room had never been done before. Dr. Lieberman played a pioneering role by devising the first guidelines for the o rganization of an anesthesia section of a medical ba ttal ion servicing an infantry division. In a May 8, 1944, document, he introduced his outline of the mechanics of such a battalion by noting that "heretofore, medical battalions in this theatre have not had an organ ized section in Spring '87 anesthesia." r. Lieberman recalls what it was like before the first "advanced surgical units" were created. "Evacuation of the wounded was a difficult problem in the South Pacific Theatre. Theatre. There were no roads, no helicopter evacuation.Transportation was by stretcher bearers through jungle ter rain to off-shore ships. Besides the fact char these ships were nor hospital ships equipped for major surgery, the ships were also targets for enemy planes." These difficulties made it soon obvious that early medical care should be emphasized. "Our surgical team consisted of a neurosurgeon, a general surgeon, an orthopaedic surgeon, and an anesthesiologist, represented by myself," he continued. D BUFFAI.D [L H V S I °y CF] "Our neurosurgeon was recruited from the johns Hopkins hospital unit stationed in Fiji, while our general surgeon was recruited from the Yale University hospital unit in Auckland, New Zealand. I was from the 43rd Infantry Division on New Georgia Island, Solomon Islands. A 30man team of male operating room technicians was also drawn from these hospital operating rooms. Our first assignment was to join the 39th Infantry Division at Guadalcanal for the invasion of Bougainville. "Usually, our operating table was the same stretcher which brought the wounded soldier to us. During surgery, this stretcher was supported by up-ended medical equipment wooden boxes. I was often responsible for administering anesthesia simultaneously to several patients. Anesthesia �13 (Clocku m· from iop l.f1) Surgical unil a11achcd lo l 03rd lnfcmlrv Regimen! on l\:cwGuinca, 1944. Vieu 1hrough doorwcn of a surgical icam al uork ,n a duguu1 shell<'T 1111 Bougaintille.japanesc f,a11c111in Solomon Island, being udmmislL'TeJ ,1ernal infusion of pe111111hal. Closeup of a spcciallv cquipt1t•d an1"s1hesi<1box, Lu~on, 194 S. consisted of Pentothal, local, regional, spinal, and, later on, continuous spinal anesthesia. I secured the malleable Lemmon needle from Pilling Co. in Philadelphia and improvised a continuous spinal mattress. Continuous spinal was consistently an excellent anesthetic." The UB alumnus (B.A., 1934; M.D., 1938) retired from practice in 1983, after serving as chief of DeGraff Memorial Hospita l's Department of Anesthesia for 35 years. He is a Fellow of the American College of Anesthesiologists, a diplomate of the American Board of Anesthesiology, and a member of numerous medical organizations. Besides being a pioneer in military surgical care, Dr. Lieberman was one of the ea rliest to promote ·md demonstrate the effectiveness of intravenous anesthesia using pentothal sodium for combat zone surgery of war casualties. Until 194 3, it was still contended that it was too dangerous. ln his 1944 Anesthesiology article, Dr. Lieberman showed that it was a preferred alternative to open drop ether. Of cou rse, these "primitive" alternatives have been replaced by much more effective agents of the 1980s. r. Lieberman's memories of those challenging times were revived recently when he read a Ne« • York State journal of Medicine Uan. 1986) article that portrayed one doctor's photographic history of a WWil portable surgical hospital in the South Pacific. " I was surprised when it claimed to be the only thoroughly photo-documented account of those surgical units, even though few of the arti- D cle's photos showed actual surgery at the front line. I quickly went to my files and pulled out my photograph collection." A sampling of that historical record is shared here, and, with one exception, none has previously been published. Because of his unusual service, Dr. Lieberman was awarded the highest commendation or medal that the U.S. Army can award a medical officer, the Legion of Merit. Today, the principle of earliest possible surgical care for a wound is axiomatic. While helicopter evacuation and technological advances have radically changed military surgery, the mobile surgical teams that Dr. Lieberman played such an early role in developing will probably always be an important component of combat zone medical care. • Spring '87 �Spring '87 BUFFAID IPMvs1¢1AN] �15 Touching Modern technology has tended to diminish the potency of human contact in medical care BY RICHARD he sophistication of medical technology has tended to diminish appreciation for the potency of human contact in medical care. In primitive and ancient medicine, the touch of the priest, shaman, or healer had magical effect. Not so very long ago scrofula - "the king's evil" - was treated by being touched by the king. The act of laying on hands still can contribute immensely both to spiritual and corporeal health. Dr. Lewis Thomas in his book The Youngest Science: Notes of a Medicine Waccher observes that touching is medicine's oldest professional technique. He stresses that sick people need to be touched, and part of the misery of being sick is being cut off from others. Sickness can make people feel like outcasts unattractive, possibly contagious. The common tendency is to shun the sick. One can see how the touch of the trusted physician might have almost redemptive value. Unfortunately, Dr. Thomas points out, the art of human touch is being dropped by the modern physician, who is evolving into a brilliant but remote interpreter of charts. The detached, scientific approach is rather in keeping with the distrustful independent spirit of our times. Walk down a city street and watch how people move among fellow beings avoiding all contact. Touching is unpleasant. Purses are held protectively and the wallet pocket is quickly checked after a brush with another. Unrequested touch, even by a Samaritan or a physician, may be pursued by zealous lawyers as assault. And, in the T V. LEE. M .D. odd way that science at different times tends to support social attitudes, threats of nosocomial infections, herpes, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome serve to exaggerate the dangers of being touched. Isolation has come to have therapeutic and protective connotations rather than indicate cruel segregation of the sick. In contrast to urban societies, many primitive tribes relish touching. In an Indian village in the Amazon Basin each woman has children sitting with and on her, or at the breast; young men hold hands or sit so they are touching; children grasp the hand, arm, or leg of any nearby adult; dancing is often done with everyone holding neighbors' arms and waists (while American youth dance u•i1hou1touching!). Touching is communication, symbol, and solace; a fundamental property of being alive. sic primate studies of Dr. Harry Harlow, in which adequately fed monkeys who were dep rived of tactile sti mulatton of mothers or playmates became socially withdrawn, sexually inept adults, underline the importance of touching in development. Monkeys given wire dollmothers suffered ill effects, while those with soft cloth doll-mothers to which they could cling were normal -which reminds us of "security blankets" our human children cling to. These "transitional objects," as psychiatrists term them, fortify the child on the difficult trip from Mama's cuddles to lonely independence. Lack of touching among humans may produce psychologic and social pathology in dimensions as yet unknown to us. It seems especially important fo r medicine, the trustee of touch, to maintain a lively interest in touching. 1ving things have a profusion of specialized organs and organelles to feel and to touch. Among syncytial creatures, the capacity to feel and identify collegeal cells is essential for existence. For a ciliated protozoan, dis ruption of the cilia - the organelle of touch and locomotion - is rapidly fatal. Among young humans and primates, absence of touching is devastating - even when all nutritional and life-sustaining needs are met. The psychiatrist Rene Spitz found that infants raised in an orphanage under good hygienic conditions, but impersonally and without tactile stimulation, gradual! y wasted and died, or became irrevocably mentally defective. The clas- T L BUFFALO s L..L[_f t C I A N _] he evolution of medical touching begins with the essen~ial caring that propels one to be a physician, to which must be added the awareness of the sy mbolic power of touch to communicate and to share. Touching recreates a syncytium: a merging, a reassuring sense of intimacy and community. Touch ing was recognized early on to have restorative and comforting powers. The science of medicine began to shift the emphasis of medical touch from magic to information gathering. Physicians touched patients not only to convey solace and communion, but to find out how tht: body was altered. Hippocrates shook patients to hear the splash Spring '87 �16 of fluid in cavities, and felt for the spleen and body temperature. The development of objective clinical techniques initially emphasized direct contact between the physician and patient. Leopold Auenbrugger struck the chest of consumptives with his fingers in order to assess the contents of the lungs just as he had struck the wine barrels owned by his father's business. During the course of the usual examination, the physician had to touch the patient, and in that touching the physician conveyed the comfort of shared concern and of wisdom. For the patient there was magic still in the laying on of hands. The decline of "the magic" in the doctor's touch began when Laennec fashioned a stethoscope to avoid touching his ear to the chest of a fastidious young woman. For the past 200 hundred years, technology has fashioned increasingly precise and useful devices which physicians can use to examine the human body without having to touch it. As medical practice has become more technically oriented, physicians have become increasingly separated from their patients. In contrast, a surprisingly popular profusion of hands-on healers ( touchers) have emerged. Chiropractors, physical therapists, massage therapists, and faith healers have moved inco the void that ailing humans feel modern medicine has created. The success of these practitioners of touch attests to the need our fellow humans have for this primitive and uni versal ingredient. This need was poignantly described by a physician-cancer patient, Dr. Fitzhugh Mullan, in his book Vual Signs. At his lowest ebb a psychiatrist listened to his toubles and, without preamble, asked if he would like to be held." My native embarrassment at being held by a man was totally overcome by my desperation. His sense of succor was so spontaneous, generous, and accurate ... " Dr. Domeena Renshaw, in an article "How Physicians Cope with Dying Patients" (Chicago Medicine, Jan. 21, 1979), writes, "Prescribing physiotherapy - regular backrubs - may be of far Spring '87 more importance than preventing bedsores, since they may provide for a few minutes, twice a day, sustained human touch which can give much emotional reassurance. Quiet hand-holding, a pat on the shoulder ... can be of comfort even to a drowsy patient, as many have later reported when lucid." In this vein, a number of programs have been reported in which puppies are brought to children confined in hospitals, to the isolated elderly in nursing homes, and to the hospitalized mentally ill. These visits facilitate rehabilitation and combat depression. "Observations of people stroking their pets could mean that animals provide an outlet for an innate need to touch and fondle" (Article in The Sm11h.1onian,July 1981 ). Dr. M. H. Hollender, professor of psychiatry at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, along with a number of coauthors, has conducted several studies of people's wishes to be touched and held. He has found that people in a variety of situations - men, women, mental patients, pregnant women - have strong longings to be held or touched by another. Dr. Hollender writes, "The wish to be held .... is likely to be intensified and to become a relevant issue in the treatment of anxious or depressed patients." Subjects repeatedly said that being held provided security, protection, comfort. Some so desperately needed the touch of another that they would trade sex, which was not desired, just for the opportunity to be held. Patients made remarks such as: "Sometimes I just need a pat on the knee ... a rub down the back or a tussle of the hair." " ... being held makes me feel more secure, as though I am not alone. And just the fact that somebody cares about me enough ... to be considerate and gentle with me when I feel this way is enough to give me some hope to go on and get through the moment." "It makes me feel safe, like nothing is going to happen to me." Others had the insight to link the wish to be held co childhood: "Why does a child want to be held when it cries? It is BUFFAID ED CU :!. .1._!_J;_ - ~ held and it doesn't cry anymore ... maybe something like that just stays with you." "Pre verbal children will crawl and stumble for a while and they will come to their mother to be held and then wander off, like their battery has been recharged . Adults do this too." "It is very important for me to be held ... Especially when I am upset and feel all alone. I have to be held and told that everything will be all right - just like a baby. I have to be held." icrocomputers have not changed the fundamental isolation ofillness and they have not the power of touch. Only another living thing can touch us. The communion of two living creatures through touch carries on the inexpressible hope for the human community and for life itself. Medicine and religion have been relatively protected from the proscriptions to physical contact which aesthetic, legal, and moral trends have produced. That protection appears to be eroding. Nevertheless, contrary to popular notions, the modern practice of medicine need not be lacking in touch. Touching remains a fundamental tool both for feeling the patient and for the patient feeling helped. In diagnosis, pitting edema is otherwise indescribable and hard lymph nodes still mean tumor until proven otherwise. Cold, clammy skin and a thready pulse regularly make me anxious for the well-bemg of my patient. Touching patients, beyond the perfunctory handshake, transmits the physician's concern and willingness to risk contagion and litigation for the wellbeing of the patient. When all else fails in caring for the sick, I find I instinctively return to fundamentals - co touching. Perhaps contemporary physicians should explore the possibility that the fundamentals will enhance the potential of sophisticated technology. Perhaps by touching more, and more effectively, there will be fewer failures. • M (Rep nnted wu h pe rm ,ss,on from Phys1c1 o n & Pot1en1. July 198 3) I l i �17 Hospital News I New anticancer drug holds promise I i T he term ara-CDP-DL-PTBA may look like an indecipherable cryptocode, or a string of random letters afloat in an alphabet soup, but to a handful of Roswell Park Memorial Institute scientists, these letters represent one of the most promising anticancer drugs to be developed in years. A compound derived from the drug cytosine arabinoside, ara-CDP-DL-PTBA was developed by Dr. Chung I. Hong and his associates in the lnstitute's Neurosurgery Department. Dr. Hong is an assistant research professor in UB's Roswell Park Graduate Division. Although presently confined to the laboratory, this new compound appears to be substantially more effective at a lower dosage than its parent compound, ara-C, or any ocher ara-C derivative against leukemia in animals. Not only has the compound proven effective, but it has eliminated many of the drawbacks associated with ara-C administration. "Cytosine arabinoside is highly effecttve against leukemia, but it must be given continuously," explained Dr. Hong. "Its half-life (how long the drug stays in the body) is less than five minutes and then the drug decomposes. Even before the drug reaches the cancer cells, it either disappears or converts to an ineffective compound. Continuous administration is the only way that ara-C can be effective." Several researchers have tried to modify the ara-C in order to maintain its activity; but by doing so, they have run into an even greater problem. "These modified compounds are unsuitable for administration," said Dr. Hong. "They will not dissolve in water and that is the only way they can be injected into a patient." Dr. Hong and his colleagues Alex Nechaev, David Buchheit, and Alan Kinsits began experimenting with various compounds to determine which would best protect ara-C from decomposition during transport to the target site. Lipids seemed to be the vehicle. Lipids, which compose the body's membranes, are important molecules for any type 9 --9 -86 BY COLLEEN M. KARUZA of biochemical reaction. According to Dr. Hong: "I had the idea that ifl combined lipids with a nucleoside drug (in this case, ara-C), I would have the most expedient method of drug administration." D r. Hong and his laboratory staff con cocted several different batches of lipophilic compounds until they made the fortuitous discovery that one batch had its own unique, biological activity. That compound was ara-CDP-DL-PTBA. "Not only did this compound have the potential to protect and transport the parent compound, bur BUFFAID L.LB _L[ CD..10 _"!_ it looked like it possessed its own anmumor and immunopotentiating activity," said the scientist. These acttvit1es translate into several biological wonders, such as cancer cell necrosis and metastatic arrest. The Roswell Park researchers tested their compound against leukemia in mice. Only a single injectton was required; in contrast, araC had to be given continuously for three days. "The poor mice couldn't budge," said Dr. Hong. The ara-C mice survived 14 days, twice as long as the control group animals who were not inoculated. All of the ara-CDP-DL-PTBA mice survived 27 days, and three-quarters survived more than 30 days. "Of course, we are talking laboratory research," said Dr. Hong, "and yes, we arc presenting data from animal models. But we can't overlook the importance of this preliminary research and its future implications." If the drug survives the battery of rigorous toxicology and pharmacokineric tests headed its way, it will be subjected to clinical trials. It is here - in the clinic - that the drug's applications will be clarified. However the drug's initial promise, said Dr. Hong, is still cause for optimism. Within the Roswell Park laboratory, the lipophilic compound has demonstrated a significant antitumor activity with long-term survivors. The formulated solution, in water, has remained chemically stable during refrigeration and has retained its antitumor activity over a period of four months. It has a significantly longer half-life than that of ara-C, and it interacts with blood lipoproteins which may play a possible role in target-specific delivery of the drug. Lastly, the compound does not have to be given continuously, and only one injection is required. Dr. Hong said that several pharmaceutical companies have expressed an interest in his compound, and its formula was recently issued a patent. "We have a long way to go," noted Dr. Hong, "bur we are more than a little encouraged with our preliminary data. This compound has generated much excitement and, at this point, we are confident." • Spring '87 �18 have always ltkeJ guns, pamcularly rifles I love the ru.:h wooden srncks, the -.mell of gun Oil, the ~nap and clack of a \\ell oiled acuon, and the -.hiny spi ral bore of the barrel. My associations with them were to my <lad's stones of his youth on the western edge of the Ad1rondach. He told of his dad and his uncles anJ brothers farming, logging, and hunting 1n what seemeJ to me an ideal adventurous way of life I gre" up on Henry Fonda tn "Drums Along the Mohawk," Gary Cooper in the "The Plainsman," and Tyrone Power as Jesse James Gun'> meant history, family, power, and manline s. My attitude toward guns was galvanized into '>omething more complicated and unsettling, however, when, on a fam- I PHOIOS OOUGIASlfVl Spnng'87 BY I.A WREN( E BEAHAN, M.D. (Cla ss o f 1955) BUFFAID f~y ,( 1A.N ) �19 ((ON GETTING SHOT AT'' my family's past and perhaps country's frontier. ily ski trip, my two young sons and I were shot at and held at gun point. My first childhood recollection of a gun was a percussion cap-fired, muzzle loader made in Belgium for use in the American Civil War. My great grandfather kept it over the door at his farm on Tug Hill near the Adirondacks. He called it his "rabbit gun" though it was about .50 caliber. When he died, great grandma gave it to my dad. When I left home, dad let me take it along. It hasn't been fired in at least 65 years. It is a long, heavy piece, but one of the nicest treats I could have as a kid was for dad to get it down and let me dry fire it. 1 used to need help to hold it up. My grandfather and his brothers did some logging west of C ranberry Lake. They moved into the woods with their families and a gang of men. Dad was born there. The women cooked for the lumberjacks, Uncle Barty supplied venison for the camp, and Uncle John made some money on the side by guiding "Sports" from the city. I have a copy of a grateful letter from President Taft's cousin praising the good food and hunting he found with them. I don't know much of rhe rifles they used there. he next one I remember was a Model 1892 38.40lever-action, 13-shot Winchester, "the gun that won the West." T In 1920 at l 6, dad was working as a hired hand on a farm on Pine Plains, now part of Camp Drum. On a Sunday he and a friend were hunting rabbits. They stopped in at an old timer's place to visit. Dad admired the Winchester over the door and jumped at the chance to buy it for $7. He kept that one carefully put away. He used it for a rare deer hunting expedition. I think he actually went hunting only three times after he was married, but the tradition remained strong in our house. When I was about IO he took my cousin and me out in the country "to hunt woodchucks." We each got to fire the Winchester once at a woodchuck hole rather than at an actual woodchuck. It made a terrific bang and much smoke . We felt like pioneers. Firing it was like pass ing an initiation. We were first shown how to load and unload, carry, clean, and store the rifle. We were told not to lean it where it might fall and damage the sights. Most explicitly, we were taught never to point a rifle, even an "unloaded" one, at anyone. The po int was made to us over and ove r that an awful lot of people were shot with "unloaded" guns. The Winchester is promised to my oldest son, passing me by. After a while I inherited an old "Franklin air gun." It took a lot of pumping before it could shoot a BB the length of our cellar. During World War II, we acquired a German Mouser single-shot, bolt-action .22. It is more heavily constructed than most. Its simple sturdy lines are pleasing and it is very accurate. This became my rifle. I used it for target shooting in my teens and once in a ve ry great while since then. My ownership of it is more of a concrete tie to the myth of BUFFAID s C N~J I p H y I I A. tO our At Maxwell Air Force Base they tried to convert me and I 00 other recent graduates of residency programs into military officers. Nor much of the program caught my interest except the opportunity to shoot the fabled Colt 45 automatic pistol designed for the Philippine jungle and use an M-2 carbine switched on automatic. I saw no war in my four-year peacetime tour in Japan. T his is about where I stood with guns until we went on that ski trip to Aspen, Colorado. My wife, Lyn, and our three boys (Teck, Jess, and Nick, then I 2, 10, and 8) flew tO Denver. We lugged along five suitcases and ski boots and poles for everyone. We rented a car and drove through the snowy mountain scenery to Aspen. I think it was on this trip that we visited Buffalo Bill Cody's grave. He was a hero of my dad and me. Dad used to read aloud t0 rhe family back in the days before TV. Stories of Buffalo Bill, Wild Bill Hickok, the building of the Union Pacific Railroad, and the Alaska gold rush were our favorites. Those images were dancing through my head as I found myself and my family actually "Out West." We stayed at a place in Aspen that had eve rything you could want. It was called the "Skiers Chalet and Steak House." They had delicious, big western steaks cooked just right. It was at the base of the old Number 1 single chair lift. The lift was memorable because it was equipped with cozy robes to wrap around you and keep out the wind. Behind the chalet was a swimming pool they kept at a steaming 105 degrees. It was a delight to heat up in the pool after skiing, then roll in the snow, impervious to the cold, and jump back in just in time. I have a picture of all three kids in mid-air or rather midsteam, about to splash back into the Spring '87 �20 nI was chilled and angry. My Wild Bill Hickok fantasy was to go back at night and blow his brains out. My conscious reaction was rM y God, I'm glad we got out of there alive.' '' water. Their nakedness reminds me of our vulnerability when threatened with actual gunfire. So we skied several days and then took a day off. We had seen posters advertising snowmobiles for rent in a nearby valley. It seemed an interesting change of pace so we went out there and signed up. Lyn and Nick decided to pass. Jess got on behind me and Teck rode another machine. The guy who ran the rental business assigned two girls to go with us making a party of four machines and five ride rs. He gave us straightforward instructions on where to go and we followed them. We went a cons iderable distance up a snow-covered, fence-lined road and then at the head of the valley uphill along a trail. The noisy, effortless motion over snow on a b right mountain day was fun. After a bit the snow got too deep for us so we headed back. Teck was in the lead, I was second, and the girls were behi nd. We heard a shot. We dismounted. l saw a man in a field at some distance from us. He had just fired his rifle in the air. One of the girls had made a loop into his field and he didn't like it. We were too far from him to be hea rd so I attempted to motion our intention to leave his Spring '87 started walking toward him. Jess wisely hid behind our machine. Teck followed at a distance to back me up. He told me he had thought of eithe r hiding or tak ing off on his machine, hanging over the far side, Indian style. I do n 't know what the girls did. territory. We got back on our machines and started to move. He shot again. I heard the shot and saw it make a chest high hole in the snowbank just ahead of me. We all stopped again. This time he held the rifle on me. I BUFFAID (PHvS1¢1 AN j he fellow was tall, skinny, dressed in dungaree jacket and pants. He had scraggly long red hai r, a bea rd, and wild eyes . He was angry and lectured us about the way snowmobiles had been tearing up his valley and had injured one T �21 glad we got out of there alive." In reflection, I am certainly glad none of us were ar med. If we had shown any resistance someone wou ld have been shot. We went direct! y to the sheriff and reported the wild man. The sheriff was not greatly impressed. He seemed to know of this fellow, and he promised to have a talk with him. That night we had dinner at Jake's. The theme depicted on the menu was of a claim jumping. There was a mine, a smoking rifle, and the upturned boots of a dead man. It was not amusing and did nothing to enhance my appetite. We all had had enough of the frontie r mentality and were ready to head back to civilization. of his dogs. I was apologetic, quiet, and polite. He pointed the gun down and away. I said we had intended to stay on the road and the trail; we were renting these snowmobiles and we would tell the owne r about the problem. Teck said I acted "nervous and just exactly r ight." Finally the man with the rifle said we could go. He gave us this admonition, "If you are ever in this situation again don't start riding away. The only choice that leaves me is to shoot you." We left. I was chilled and angry. My Wild Bill Hickok fantasy was to go back at night and blow his brains out. My conscious reaction was, "My God, I'm Though I still have a fond fascination for rifles, this brush with reality has greatly tempered it. I do not like it when my grandson playfully points a toy gun at me, though I can understand the impulse. I now have considerable sympa thy with the idea of rifle registration and limitations of access to handguns. These mythic coys can quickly and finally destroy fragile human bodies. The mo re of them that are around, the more hurt that can be done. et me cite some statistics. Jagger m the June 1986 issue of JAMA says that 45 % of U.S. households have firearms.1 Kellerman in t he Neu• EnRlanJ Journal of Medicme of the same month tells us the most common reason people give for having a gun in the house is self-defense. Yet on ly 2% of gun deaths have to do with defense against intruders . In cont rast, a gun kept in the home is 1.3 L BUFFAID L .!...IE:J IT.:E ~ J; 11 Firearm violence should be a primary public health issue. We physicians should take up arms against it just as we have against polio, tuberculosis, and cigarettes. Guns are just too final. ... " times as likely to kill someone accidentally and 37.0 times as likely to be used in a suicide as it is to kill an intruder. 2 Furthermo re, there are 200,000 casualties from gun shot incidents in the U.S. each year. This is second only to motor vehicle deaths. J Hand guns are used in 68% of su icides, 68% of homicides, and 92 % of accidental gun deaths. 1 It seems clear to me that firearm violence should be a primary public health issue. We physicians should take up arms against it just as we have against polio, tuberculosis, and cigarettes. Last year, I had two more crushing blows to the fantasy that I once had with guns - first with the shotgun suicide of a patient, and shortly after, the gun suicide of the son of a good frie nd. Guns are just too damn final and unforgiving to be ignored as an issue by physicians. • Bib li ography 1 McGorell Edmund, T Flanagan (Ed) Sourcebook of Criminal Justoce Stat,sltcs 198'1 US Dept of Just,ce 2 Kellermann. Arthur. 0. Reay "Protectoon or Pero!?An Analysis of F11eorm-Re1oted Oeolhs ,n the Home " New England Journal of Med,c,ne June 12. 1986 VOi 31'1 No 2'1. 1557-1560 3 Jogge r. J. P Dietz ·oeoth and lnJury by Firearms \Vho Cores?' JAMA June 13. 1986 Vol 255. No 22. 31'13. 31'1'1 Spring '87 �22 Research Billions Spent on ResearchWhy no Cancer Cure? W irh all the billions of dollars the United States has spenr fighting cancer, why is rhere still no cure? The Narional Cancer Institute, one of the National Institutes of Health, will get $1.4 billion in 1987 alone. Thar's an increase of $Z26 million over the previous year. Ir's more rhan NIH even dared ask for. Bur it's nor all that much, said Elliott H. Stonehill, Ph.D., assistant director of the National Cancer Institute. He was at UB recently at the second in a series of workshops offered by che Office of the Vice President for Sponsored Programs. "The amount of money we spend in one year won't build one damn baccleship," Stonehill said. Nor is it enough to launch one spaceship. He objects to the term "war on cancer" because that implies full mobilization of resources. But only a fraction is being spent on cancer, Stonchill said. In the last two decades, it's never been possible to fund 100 per cent of the grants chat are approved, he said. Fifteen years ago, the institutes funded about 50 per cent of the approved grants, and that was conside red excellent, Stonehill noted. In recent years, about ZS per cent were funded, and now it's back to about 30 per cent. A smaller percentage of proposals is being funded because the scientific community has increased and the budgets of proposals have increased, he explained. "The total amount and the quality are condensed at the top," Stonehill said. "The scienrific community is nor going to suffer." Conrroversy often surrounds how rhat money is to be used. Should it be used fo r basic research or research on treatments! Should anticancer agents de rived from the immune system be given priority over traditional chemotherapy drugs? "There is always some disagreement with the Cancer Institute on priorities," Stonehill Spring '87 BY CONNIE OSWALD STOFKO UB's Office of the Vice Pres ident for Sponsored Programs has more information. C noted. But each researcher's proposal is judged by his peers, he pointed out. If a su rgeon complains that not enough surgery is funded, it's because "surgeons are saying they shouldn't be funded," he said. Basic research is number one at the National Cance r lnstiture, he said, but research on treatment is also important. The institute doesn't put all of its eggs in one basket. "But it's impossible to get a community of more than two people to agree which basket gets priority," Stonehill said. "I think we make the best decisions we can under the available circumstances." The five areas of greatest research interest now are: ■ Recombinant DNA and hybridoma techniques. ■ Monoclonal antibodies for detection, diagnosis, and treatment. ■ Molecular genetics studies. ■ Biological agents in therapy (such as interleukin-2). ■ AIDS-related research. His advice to researchers here is to develop good research plans and submit them quickly. BUFFAID ) PMVS tCt AN ) ritics of the National Cancer Institute cite statistics that cancer deaths have increased 8 per cent since 1950. "The data do show that the rate of cancer occurrence has increased, and it's believed by many to be due to environmental influences," Stoneh1II said. These include things like smoking, asbestos, and radon. Ir also has to do with population densities, he added. As people move from farms to cities, they are exposed to environmental pollutants. And viruses may affect more people in a densely populated area. Bur a major reason for the increase in the occurrence of cancer is the increase in smoking. Young people are smoking more and women aren't quitting. 1986 marked the first time that more women died of lung cancer than breast cancer, he said. These are the women who started smoking 20 years ago . Somehow today's young people must be convinced of the dangers. "The problem is, how do we project inro young people rhe concept of death due to something they think is pleasant and innocuous?'' he asked. Another reason for the increase, in cancer 1s the dramatic drop in heart disease, Stonehill said. Since people aren't dying of heart disease, they're living longer and have a better chance of developing cancer. This increasing longevity in the nation keeps making it harder to ma ke headway against cancer, he noted. "Thar 8 per cent isn't as bad as it could be," Stonehill said. "It might be double that if we weren't as successful as we are." T he National Cancer Institute has a plan to cut the cancer rate in half by the year 2000, Sronehill said. Ir wants to reduce the number of deaths due to cancer and reduce the incidence of cancer. �23 Research To do that, the institute 1s trying to cut smoking 1n half by I 990, Sconehill said. The effect would be a 15 per cent reduction m deaths from lung cancer . Doctors don't always use the trea t ments that are available, Stonchill maintains, and correcting that would account for another 15 per cent of the goal. One reason they don't use the treatnwnts is th at they think they're being kind, he said. To save the patient the disturbing side effects, physicians may give less than the curative dose of a drug. "They think they're being kind because they save the patient two weeks of blet'ding and hair loss and cosr them their lives," he asserted. Another reason the physicians don't use the treatments 1s that they may not know they're available. For phys1c1ans who don't have enough t1me to keep up with their reading, there is a "Physicians' Dara Query" for computers that tells what protocol is appropriate and who the expert 1s in their neighborhood, he said. But many phys1c1ans don't have access to a computer. "And doctors don't like to refer their patients away," he said. "They treat what they don't know how to." Stonehill 1s aware that statemt'nts like that are bound to anger people. "But I stand behind those strong remarks," he said. The other ways the National Cancer Institute will try co cut the cancer rate in half are th rough nutrition, which Stonehill estimates will account for 5 pe r cent, and through new and experimental therapies, which he expects would account for another I 5 per cent. "I think this 1s feasible, realistic, and accomplishable, but it needs the efforts of a lot of people," he said. Progress is already beinl! made . "We're treating, even cu ring cancers for people under age 55," Stonehill stated, "so tht' death rares are going down. We're winning the battle for young people bur nor for people in their 60s and 70s." In children's leu kemia, cance r of the testes, and Hodgkin's disease, the survival rate for five years has gone from 10 per cent to 85 or 90 per cent, Stoneh1II said. He conceded tha t these aren't as prevalent as lung cancer o r cancer of the colon. "Bu t the 12 types that kill the most people have been reduced significantly in the past 15 yea rs," Stonch1II said. • BUFFAID J PH Y $ 1 C 1 )N j Sp rin g '87 �24 Hospital News LJ (!) z Q z 0 :; ;;; 0 5 l gc H. McCoy NEWECMC ADMINISTRATOR rie County Medical Center has a new administrator, George H. McCoy. He was selected as its chief executive officer in September, I 986, by the ECMC Board of Managers and NFHS, Inc., the firm contracted to manage the medical center. He will be employed by Vitalliance Management Services, the management division of NFHS, Inc. McCoy had served as first deputy commissioner of hospitals for Westchester County Medical Center since 1978. He gained recognition as its chief operating officer by nearly tripling its number of patient days, turning around its severe financial status, adding new facilities, and enhancing its reputation. The native of rural Virginia spent eight E Spring '87 years in the U.S. Army before earning his B.A. in biology from City College of N. Y. and his M.B.A. in health care from Baruch College. In 1963 he was hired as a neurology research assistant for Yeshiva University's Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He shifted to administration of the college hospital in 1969, including a time as its senior assistant administrator. He was deputy executive director of Kings County Hospital Center from 1977 to 1978 before heading Westchester County Medical Center. He was also on the part-time faculty of New York Community College and Marymount College for a number of years starting in the 1970s. Mr. McCoy's preliminary goals for ECMC are to "formulate a strategic plan addressing BUFFAID !P 1-1v $1C 1A N I the myriad issues facing ECMC, give full consideration to the terms of the NFHS contract approved by the County Legislature, maintain a close relationship with the Board of Managers, and establish community alliances." The ECMC Board of Managers, which helped conduct the 10-month long national search, is chaired by Kevin Sullivan, the vice chairman of Key Bank of WNY. Formed in 1985, the I I-member group includes its vice chair, Mary Anne Romanowski, and secretary, Paul Figueroa, City Court Judge. UB Vice President and Medical School Dean John Naughton, M.D., and John Armenia, M.D., UB clinical professor of ophthalmology, are among its other members. • l I �25 Alumni 11:00 7:15 Reg,srranon and Connnencal Bn,akfosr 8:00 WELCOME John E. Przy lucki , M.D. '73 President, Medical Alumni Assoc,anon Peter T. Ostrow, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Dean, School o( Medicine SUNY Buffalo Joseph L. Kunz , M.D. '56 Program Chairman ANNUAL SPRING 1 CLINICAL DAY I Medical Alumni Association State University of New York at Buffalo Continuing Medical Education 8:15 SUMMER - AN ALLERGIC ENVIRONMENT Robert E. Reisman, M.D. '56 Clin1cal Professor o( Medicine and PcJ,atncs, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, SUNY Buffalo School o( Mcd1c1ne To review the current physiology management o( common summer emergencies, in1unes and illnesses which any phys1c1an. regardless of c,alty, may become involved. and nme with SP<'- 12:10 D1scuss1on 12:20 Business Meeting 1:00 STOCKTON KIMBALL MEMORIAL LECTURE AND LUNCHEON Honored Lecturer: James F. Holland, M.D. Profcsso r and Chairman of Ncoplasnc Diseases. Mount Sina, School of Medicine; Director. Cancer Center, Mt. S1na1 Hospital. New York 40 YEARS AFTER AMETHOPTERIN 9:40 D1scuss1on 9:50 CONCEPT 11:40 SPRAINS, STRAINS AND OTHER PICN IC AILMENT S Edmond J. Gicew icz, M.D. '56 Assistant Clinical Professor o( Surgery, SUNY Buffalo School of Med1c1ne Team Physician, UB Sports D1scuss1on 9:10 WARM WEATHER WOES: THINGS THAT GO WRONG lN THE SUMMER 11:30 D1scuss1on 9:00 CUTANEOUS DISEASES FREQUENTLY SEEN IN THE SUMMERTIME Carl W. Ehmann, M.D. '67 Clinical Associate Professor o( Derma tology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine Buffalo Hilton Saturday, May 9, 1987 PHYSIOLOGI CA L AND MEDICAL ASPECTS OF EXPOSURE TO WARM WEATHER AND EXERCISE David R. Pendergast, Ed. D. Associate Professor of Physiology, SUNY Buffalo School o( Medicine Coffee 10:20 DROWNING: PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT OF THE NEAR DROWNIN G VICTIM John I. Lauria, M.D. '60 Cl1n1cal Professor and Cha1rman, Department of Ancsthes,ology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine 10:50 D,scussmn BUFFALO IPHVSl~IA N ] Dr. James Holland, this year's Stockton Kimball Mcmonal Lecturer. 1sno stranger to the UB School of Medicine. He served on our faculty for 15 years fr<>m 1955 to 1970 and has returned for v1s1ts and lectures. Besides h,s prominent position at Mt. Sina, School of Medicine and Hospital, the Columbia medical graduate ,s a winner of the covered 197 2 Lasker Award for his cance r chemotherapy research, as well as The American Cancer Society National Award 1n 1981. On JAMA's cd,ronal board and WHO's Expert Advisory Panel on Cance r, he has published over 400 amdes and books. Spring '87 �26 Medical School News New Med School office is not for woillen only T he Office of Professional Development is not for women only. This recently created office in the UB Medical School has been developed in response tot he needs and concerns of women and minorities in the field of medicine. But it is clearly concerned with the career development needs of young men m the field as well. "The title 'professional development' was chosen instead of the Office for Women in Medicine in order to clearly convey our concern for cill young faculty," points out Dr. Glenda Donoghue, director of the new office. "Our main objective is to create career development programs in support of women with an emphasis on the issues and needs of women physicians," comments Vice President John Naughton, dean of the UB Medical School. Since 1970, the enrollment of women in medical school has increased by 40 % and is still on the rise. But the increase m number has not been accompanied by propomonate increases of women into high level academic and administrative roles. The new program has been created to try to address this national issue on a local level. "At UB the sizable number of women faculty provides an increased opportunity for career development and growth within our school," Dr. Naughton pointed out. "The Office of Professional Development is the vehicle by which women will be made more aware of the vast career opportunities which await them." "A large number of women doctors go into private practice and do not choose an academic career in medicine. They may not possess the skills necessary to succeed in net• Spring '87 I BY BERNA DETT E M. CO MMI SA working," claims Dr. Donoghue. "For many reasons, women do not have the opportunity to make the professional connections that men make," she added. D r. Donoghue attributes part of this problem for women physicians to the insufficient number of visible female role models in the profession. She hopes her program will help to alleviate this imbalance. "The problems are not confined just to women, they are compounded for minorities. And m rhe competition for academic slots, young male faculty can encounter similar problems," Dr. Donoghue relates. The first responsibility of rhe program affects the area of faculty development for both new physicians and established faculty members. Implementation of some kind of mentor system allows more established faculty to share their expertise with newer physicians, benefiting both. Faculty members can volunteer or be nominated by their depart• ment chairmen to this role. Dr. Donoghue sees her office as "filling in the gaps" in the educational process. The office is encouraging and making progress towards developing programs in skill development. "During their medical training, for instance, physicians are unlikely to be exposed to extensive grant writing in the way that Ph.D. candidates are," Dr. Donoghue emphasized. To enhance the skills that are necessary for grant writing and to improve a physician's abilities as a researcher, UB's Office of Sponsored Programs, in conjunction with the BUFFAID f P HY 1¢1 .1.€:7 School of Medicine, is developing programs to educate individuals in the specifics of grant writing. Young faculty often lack networking abilities. In an attempt to remedy this, the Office of Professional Development held an informal reception for all new faculty in the I 986 academic year, to meet with department chairs and administrators. Donoghue's office also set up a panel discussion by Dean Naughton and five tenured faculty on the topic of rime management in academia, which discussed how to organi,e and balance time demands between work and family. On a more formal level, any individual can speak with Dr. Donoghue for recommendations as to who would be a good advisor or mentor for his or her career. D r. Donoghue is also the director of rhe Office of Continuing Medical Education. She believes that both this office and the program of professional development have closely related goals. "Continuing education is intended to help you to improve your performance in your role in medicine," Dr. Donoghue said. She wants to see faculty doing the teaching 1n the continuing medical education programs. "It will give them an opportunity to enhance their own skills as teachers and presenters, while providing education to their colleagues," she said. Another facet of the program is Dr. Donoghue's concern for including residents and interns in professional development pro grams from the onset. Recently, medical residents were surveyed and voiced their interest in having the Medi- �27 Medical School News cal School develop a program to provide them with beccer skills as teachers. Dr. Donoghue believes chac chis and ocher professional development needs should be met by che faculty." We are concerned with enhancing our resident staff's skills, and with the faculty involvement, we arc one step closer to including all students in early career devel opment. If residents perform better, they in turn become more visible and better role models for students," she said. Dr. Donoghue is a clinical associate professor of nuclear medicine and a former UB instructor of psychiatry. A native of Sydney, Australia, she began her career there as a family practitioner, a specialty she truly loved. She and her husband Niall, a professional singer, left Australia "to chase after Niall's career, because we knew we could both find work in any city," sht> chuckled. Niall is now locally famous as Buffalo's foremost Irish tenor. Dr. Donoghue relocated to Buffalo after reading an ad in the lrnh .vled,cal Journal announcing openings for residents and interns at Mercy Hospital in Buffalo. Originally intending to stay for only one year, Dr. Donoghue instead decided to stay here and specialize in the field of nuclear medicine. While working at Mercy Hospital, Donoghue and two of her colleagues, Dr. Saleela Suresh of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Dr. Susan Grenz, a resident at the time, formed what is known today as the Women Physicians' Association. The organization resulted from a conversation among the trio about the lack of female role models in the hospital. Interest grew from other women physicians in the area and five years later, their organization became Branch No. 79 of the American Medical Women's Association (AM WA). Besides co-founding the local association. she served as president for ,rs first five years. The local group also works closely with a UB student branch of AM WA. By benefiting the School's faculty and residents, the two professional development programs under Dr. Donoghue's leadership will, ,n turn, enhance the quality of the Medical School's programs and the future doctors and researchers they will produce. • Gould family gift honors 1898 grad T Dr. Richard). he Medical School's General Scholarship Fund has received a donation from Thomas J. Gould, Sr., through his son Thomas J. Gould, Jr., of Hendcrsonv1llc, Tennessee. The cider Gould, who passed away recenrly, made the $500 conmbution in memory of his father, Dr. Richard J. Gould, a UB medical alumnus, Class of 1898). Dr. Richard Gould, who died in 1925, was a founder of Omega Upsilon Phi and a member of the surgical staff of Deaconess Hospital. The fund will be, used to support needy, meritorious medical studm~. • Gou ld 0 L... ____ ...J The ~crio1u atmosphet-e of a Med ical Schoo l patho logy class was sudden ly !Tan va Scottish bagpiper u ho marched down the aisle of Farber H all 's Butler Auduo n um. , hu January 12 incident was the beginning of a co lorflll ccremon) maTk ing the official mot:e in to the school's 1ust completed $19 million n eu• u mg ( Buffalo Ph)sician, Dcccmhe-r I 986). Medical School officials int ued the 140 rnrprised sophomoTe medical st udents 10 pick up the11 microscopes and join the march, and the entire class folloued m a prncession beh ind the bagpiper mro the newt< ing. BUFFAID CT1:!....i.S1 ¢t ANI Spring '87 0 a' �<, f Ill 5 ii �29 Hospital News $1. 7 Million Lithotripter T hrough Buffalo General Hospital UB's Medical School has become the first institution in New York Seate co include a lithomptcr among its associated facilities. The $ 1. 7 million device 1s the stareof-the-art method for non-surgical treatment of kidney scones. I Manufactured by a West German aerospace corporation, 1t was purchased through a Joint venture between Buffalo General Hospira I and a group of urologists who formed the Wesrern New York Ston<: Treatm,rnt Center (WNYSTC). Among those who played a major role were WNYSTC president Dr. David Albert, M.D.: vice president Joseph Greco, M.D.: secretary, Rarry Malin, M.O.; treasurer, H. Rolf Weber, M. D.; and Gerald Sufrin, M.D .• chairman and professor of UB's Departm<:nt of Urology and director of Buffalo General's Urology Department. Dr. William Kinnard, president of Buffalo General. spearheaded his institution's efforts. The UB School of Medicine also played a crucial role in its acqu1sit1on. This is because the State Department of Health requi res l1thompters to be placed only with a medical school teaching hospnal with an active, university-based urology r<:s1dency program. The device 1s located at Buffalo General. a UB teaching hospital. Known formally as an extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripter, the machine pulverizes kidney scones using multiple shock waves ( 1500ZOOO) generated by an underwater spark plug. Patients under general or regional anesthesia arc submerged ma large tank of water for the 45 to 60 minute procedure. The stone 1s precisely located using a two-beam Fluoroscopy X-ray unit, and th<: stone d1s1ntegration 1s observed on telev1s1on monitors. After the procedu re. fragments pass within two or three days as dust or finely ground stones through the patient's urinary tract. Up to 1000 patients may be treated at BG H n 1988. with an over 90 pe r cent success rate ~xpected. I 50,000 have been treated worldwide since I 980. The clinical advantage of the procedure is that 1t is non-invasive, spares the patient excruciating pain, and minimizes recupera- non time (two to four days. instead of seven 14 days). In contrast to ns high cost of acquis1ton, 1t is a cost save r for patients. to ((B esides its clear clinical benefits it will also benefit the Medical School's educat1onal and research programs in urology," states Dr. Sufnn. His department anJ the Med ical School will be responsible for 1ts use in medical education, residency training. and research programs. ''The lithotnpter 1s important 1n our educauonal programs because 1t allows us to provide the most contemporary training 1n this area," Sufnn notes. "By having access to the machine, our residents will remain at the cutting edge of urology. Residents will be trained not only in use of the procedure, but in the pre-treatment and post -treatment aspects, as well as in its limitations and complications. Family phys1c1ans, 1ntcrn1sts, surgeons, anJ other non-u rologists will also benefit by being familiar with its applications. since stone disease 1s common (occu r rini: m one of every I 000 people)." Dr. Sufnn points ourchar UB medical st udents are already learning the biophysics of stone treatment. The device's availabili t y contributes to the Medical School's status. Besides being the first hthompte r in the SUNY system, it is one of only two in upstate New York. There arc five in the State and I ZS na tionwide. Less than half of all medical schools have them in their programs. Sufrin already sees several research applications. "I expect it will be used to aid the study of the process of stone fo rmation, especially 1n the research of Dr. Geo rge Nancollas (a renowned chemist and M<:dical School faculty member). This may lead to ways of pre1 •en1tnl(, not just treating. stone disease. Predicting the likelihood of re-growth of the scones is another aim." Sufrin anticipates another research direction." We may study whethe r focused shoc k waves can arrest malignant cell growth, as animal research suggests. "By its association with the SUNY sys tem, use of the machine for clinical research or educationa l use will be open to any trained urologist," Sufrin adds. • BUFFAID ~ _i_I. ' _{ J... A iL..) Sp ring '87 �30 People It's in the Record Book ust announced is the newest entry BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER into the 1987 edition of the Guinness Book of World Recr-------------------ords: the world's smallest I thermometer, invented by Frederick Sachs, Ph.D., a UB biophysicist. The minuscule device, called the ultra-microthermometer, is one-fiftieth the diameter of a human hair . A liquid-filled double barrelled glass tube, or pipette, it tapers into a tip that is invisible to the unaided eye. "The sensing tip is one micron in diameter," the associate professor of biophysics explains, "while a single strand of hair is 50 microns in diameter." (There are approximately 25,000 microns to an inch.) The tiny invention netted a world record, as well as a little fame, for Fred Sachs, but he just considers it a means to an end. "I invented it simply as a research tool. I use it tO measure temperature changes in single cells, as part of a research project to understand membrane responses. No existing instrument was small enough to measure the temperature, so one had to be invented." He had no idea it would lead to a world record, to be read in the internationally popular British publication. The invention was patented in 1986. Besides being necessary for his own research, the device can measure temperature changes in single cells or different GUINN~ BOOK OFRECORDS Spring '87 SmallestTbennometer Dr Frederich Sachs, a biophysicist at the State University or New York at Buffalo, has devel• oped an ultra-microtbcnnomcte r for measuring the temperature orsmgle living cells. The tip as one macron an diameter. about one fi(taeth the diameter or a human hair. parts of cells, including capillaries, nerves, muscle cells, and microorganisms such as amoebas, making it useful for other medical researchers. With it, they can measure chemical reactions or metabolism in very tiny volumes. It can be used, for example, to match predictions of biochemical models for muscle contracting, which could lead to understanding mechanisms of various muscle disorders. The diminutive device is useful not only in research, but also for specific applications. It can be used to measure temperatures of integrated circuits in order to improve their design by avoiding flaws. It may also be used tO improve design of auromobile engines by developing temperature profiles of flame spread in combustion chambers. BUFFAID L..!.HVS ¢1 AN ) s achs' "little" accomplishment may have made the record books, but he is also responsible for a major accomplishment that will make the history books. At the age of 43, Sachs became the "father" of an entirely new field of science. In 1984, while studying cell membranes, he and his post doctoral associate Falguni Guharay, Ph.D., discovered the fundamental mechanism for the sense of touch and body awareness. The mechanism for this sense had eluded scientists until Sachs discovered the first mechanically-sensitive ion channel molecule. Since then, they have been found in the membranes of a wide variety of vertebrates, invertebrates, yeast, bacteria, and even green plants. When any physical force contacts cell membranes, the fiber network is stretched, triggering these special ion channels. This releases a flow of ions through a hole in the molecule and into the cell, creating an electrochemical chain reaction which transmits the message to the rest of the organism. What results is the perception of rouch, erotic sensations, pressure, stretch, general body awareness, balance, and orientation to gravity. The mechanism, essentially, explains how all living things physically perceive themselves and their world, a phenomenon underlying the very existence of life. "No higher organism can survive �31 People without being capable of such a fundamental action," Sachs notes. His research has now led him to suspect that the same mechanism may also be responsible for other essential processes: cell growth and division, as well as the sense of hearing. His studies of frog eggs suggest that the ion channels provide the biofeedback for the cell to "know" when to divide. Hearing may also be explained by the stimulation of ion channels in the ears' sensory cells. As the founder of the field that studies the mechanical senses at the molecular level (there is no formal name for the field yet), Sachs is excited. "There are only two or three other groups in the world now researching this field. We're working in the unknown, without bearings or sign posts, using only trial and error and serendipity." One of his goals now is to develop a chemical or antibody that can block the ion channel reaction. No sensitivityblocking drugs have been found, though black widow venom is now being tested. As for his most famous device, the record-breaking thermometer, Sachs is enjoying all the fuss, but is a bit embarrassed. "It is an honor to be in a book side-by-side with Neil Armstrong, the Wright Brothers, and Babe Ruth. But is the ultra-microther mo meter on the same scale? And then there are all those other records - the book covers such a range from the monumental to the silly." However, this is not the first time Sachs has received wide public attention for his work. The 1986 yearbooks of both the Encyclopedia Brnan111caand the World Book Encyclopedia described his ion channel discovery and his thermometer. This year's attention in the Guinness Book is unlikely to be his last • lied area of touch research. He has begun design work for a prosthesis for people who arc both deaf and blind. He proposes a way to translate sound into skin vibrations that might some day enable deaf / blind people to understand speech through their skin. An array of a dozen or so vibrators over various parts of the body would transmit different frequencies specially selected for skin absorption. Different patterns of frequencies could be designed to produce a unique sensory language. "Ultimately," Sachs envisions, "such a person could put on the device and wear it tO the symphony." Dr. Sachs has certainly had success with his other inventions. He has developed ten so far, with eight of them patented or patent-pending. r. Sachs received his Ph.D. from the SUNY Health Science Center in Syracuse in I 971. After holding research positions at the University of Hawaii and the NIH, he joined the faculty of UB's School of Medicine in 1975. He is on the editorial board of the Bwphysical Journal and is a reviewer for Science and six other journals. He is author of more than 40 publications, the latest of which were published this winter. D Agencies were at first reluctant to fund his pioneering research because it is so unconventional. The NIH and the Army, however, now have ongoing grants to devise new techniques to study cell membranes and to develop prototypes for robotic sensors by using ion channels as transducers for mechanical devices. Sachs is also looking into another app- d)rrm• I I, I 9S6 at E I \C pro{<Ssor l ,._an u.a.\ honored ut uu: x:u,a cu~nl /or n,~ sen re-, and <1ccomplul11nen1s lfr u re,pon<abl, for brmgmg I~ D,partment of \frd1C m, lo nurwnal prum1n1 U('t and hw h,cn an 11Ht"Tnui1onul leodcr an g,..,.1alnc ,nc.:d1c1ne. arthntu and Thrumutu,n. \n annual lcc-wr<sh,p u as e,1abl1Sh,J in hi,; hono,, throrrl{h th, g, nermal'Y of the<. las, of 1970. ( fhoSt uuhmg lo dnnatt· Jur1her may wntad Ur. Don Coplc'Y OT Dr. Jan Notak 111 Eric Countv ratwn of E,an ( a,~ .... • , 'Years m Bu{ I mcuu.1ne and l B's /oruu•-r cha1rrnan of ~fed1c1nc 1or Medical .1 C<nt<'T,) BUFFALO C!..J!_ v s•~• A N::::J Spring '87 �32 People Scholarship fund honors Dr . Jewett Ogra is widely recognized for his research in immunology and infectious diseases. Born m Kashmir, Asia, he is a graduate of Christian Medical College in Ludhiana, India. He is the chief of the Division of Infectious Disease and Microbiology Laboratories at Children's Hospital of Buffalo. He has served on several international committees such as the Workshop in Respiratory Viral Infections, 6th International Cong ress of Virology, Sendai, Japan, as well as on numerous national and local committees. He is the author of over 300 publications and books, and editor of a -J. Pullano • number of journals. A scholarship fund has been established at Dr. Children's Hospital ro honor Theodore C. Jewett, Jr., professor of surgery, for his contributions in the field of pediatric surge ry. Revenues from the Scholarship Fund will be made available for lectureships, fellowships and / or schola rships. The purpose of the fund is co support successive generations of surgeons who will continue the ideal of Dr. Jewett through engaging in service, education, and research in pediatric surgery. • (From Ch1ldren·s Hospita l's news letter ·aomb1no ..) Harry Metcalf heads organization of family doctors T he new president-elect of rhe largest organization of family doctors 1s UB"s Harry L. Metcalf, M.D. The clinical associate professor of family medicine was recently elected tO head the 57,000-member American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). Metcalf previously served as chairman of the AAFP's Board of Directors and its executive committee and in other leadership positions in the Kansas City, Mo., based organization. Besides representing family doctors on a national basis, the AAFP was instrumental in establishing family medicine as a distinct medical specialty, and was a pioneer in developing con tinuing medical education to enhance rhe quality of family medicine. The UB alumnus (M.D. in 1960, B.A. in 1956) has been on the Medical School faculty for 11 years. He has served as th e school's admissions director and received its Outstanding Teacher Award in 1984 and its Distinguished Service Award in 1981. Metcalf is president of the Highgate Medical Group where he practices and is affiliated with Millard Fillmore Hospital. He is a Fellow of the AAFP and is board-cer tified by the American Board of Family Practice. He is also on the board of directors of the N. Y. State Spring '87 Academy of Family Physicians and is accive in other medical societies. In community affairs, he has been honored with an award from the National Institutes of Health for his work in high blood pressure education; the Outstanding Service Award from the N:ircotics Guid:ince Council of Erie County; and the Outstanding Service Award from Erie County. • Pearay Ogra, James Nolan elected to AAP T wo UB professors have been elected to the prestigious Association of American Physicians. They are Pearay Ogra, M.D., professor of pediat rics and microbiology; and James Nolan, M.D., professo r and chairman of the Department of Medicine. The AAP was founded in 1886 and its membership includes 950 medical school faculty and clinical investigators. Membership is regarded as a prestigious honor among members of the medical profession. Nolan, a graduate of Yale University School of Medicine, is also the directo r of the Department of Medicine at Erie County Medical Center. He presently serves as governor for the Upstate region of the American College of Physicians. BUFFAID f P HY $ 1 CI AN f D r. Francis Klocke, professor of medicine, has been voted president-elect of the American College of Cardiology. The chief of Erie County Medical Center's and UB's Division of Cardiology earned his medical degree in 1960 from UB. He has been on the Medical School faculty since \ 965 and was appointed to an endowed chair in 1983 as the Albert and Elizabeth Rekate Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease. He is also a professor of physiology. With 14,000 members , the American College of Card iology is the primary professional organization for its specialty, comprising nearly all cardiologists in the U.S. Founded in 1960, it focuses on activities that improve cardiovascular patient care and continuing physician education. It also provides advice to governmental bodies when appropriate. The Buffalo native is a diplomate of the American Board oflnternal Medicine and has held other offices in the American College of Cardiology. He is currently second vice presi • dent of the American Heart Association, WNY Chapter, and chairman of the National AHA's Council on Circulation. He has been chairman of several National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute committees and currently chairs one of its boards. He was involved with two U .S.-U.S.S.R. cooperative Health Agreements and symposia relating to lschemic Heart Disease. Dr. Klocke has bee n honored previously with UB's Stockton Kimball Awar d, Manhattan College's Alumni Achievement Award, and St.Joseph's Collegiate lnstitute's Sign um Fidei Award for 1986 -J. Pullano• �33 People Hematology, chose 20 stocks which experienced a gain of 33.5 per cent. "I'm satisfied with my performance," Or. Lehman said. "It was fun and quite a few people have commented on the article in Barrons." Dr. Lehman was also featured in an article in the Buffalo News for his stock-choosing endeavor. • (From BuffaloGtent'ralHospital's ··rulsebcat" May Dr. Ge rald Su frin , professor and chairman of urology, has been reappointed to chair the Education Council of the American Urological Association. The council suggests new strategies to enhance educational goals of the association through its various committees. He also received two honors. Sufrin was elected to the Society of Pelvic Surgeons, a highly selective professional group with only 125 members nationwide. He was also appointed to the Board of Directors of the National Kidney Foundation of Western New York. • Dr. George S. Parlato, clinical assistant professor of psychiatry, has a practice in psychia try in Orchard Park. The Medical College of Wisconsin medical graduate ( 1959) is a member of Erie County Medical Society and the American Psychiatric Association. • Dr. M. Steven Piver, clinical professor of gyn-ob, has just been appointed chief of the Gynecologic Oncology Department of Roswell Park Memorial lnsmute. He is chief of the UB Medical School's Division of Gynecologic Oncology in its Department of Gyn-Ob, as well as the president of the local chapter of the American Cancer Society . • 1986. ) This post is important because the committee providt:s direction and leadership for the activities of the association at large. Dr. Ruben Cartagena , clinical associate professor of urology, was appointed to the Audio-Visual Committt:e, which oversees and ensures the quality of presentations and programs of the association. • Buffalo Phys ician art d irector, Alan Kegler, has been awarded a Brome Medal for graphics by the Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE). The nationally known educational organization selected Kegler for his layout and graphics for two articles in the Dec1:mber 1985 Buffalo Physician,a profile on Dr. Felix Milgrom and a Holocaust research profile of Dr. Norman Solkoff, "Children of Survivors." • Dr. Marvin Herz, professor and chairman of psychiatry, received two awards last October: the Peter L. Heggs Memorial Award from the Erie Alliance for the Mentally Ill and an award from the Mental Heal ch Association of Erie County in recognition of contributions of his department in the area of mental health services delivery. He was also appointed to task forces or to chair committees for the Association of Clin ical Psychosocial Research, the American Psychiatric Association, the American Association of Chairmen of Departments of Psychiatry, and the American College of Meneal Health Administration. • Dr. Edward Simmo ns, professor of orthopaedics, was a visiting professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin and a guest speaker for the Milwaukt:e Orthopaedic Society last October in Milwaukee. In November, he was a guest faculty member at the Kenton Leatherman Spine Symposium in Louisville, Ky., speaking on scoliosis and spinal surgery. • Two urologists have been appointed to posts in the American Urological Association. Or. Kevin Pranikoff, asssoc1ace professor of urology, was recently elected to the Executive Committee of tht: Association. Dr. Harold A. Lehman placed 48th in the nation in an investment contest sponsored by Barrons, a weekly business publication. Dr. Lehman, a UB resident in clinical pathology and a researcher in the BGH Department of BUFFAID ! P ttv S 1 ¢1 AN ) Dr. Venkataraman Balu, clinical associate professor of medicine, published an article on stress-testing panents with poor left ventricle function before and after coronary artery bypass surgery, in Texas Heartjournal, March 1986. He also presented papers on exercise and long-te r m survival of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy at the I 0th World Congress of Cardiology, Washington, D.C., September 1986. Balu is chief of the Echocardiographic section at Buffalo VA Medical Center. • Dr. Ad ri an 0. Vladutiu , professor of pathology and microbiology, recently released a new book, Pleural Effusion, published by Futura Publishing Company, Mt. Kisco, N. Y. Vladutiu is director of the lmmunopathology and Chemisrry Labs and director of Clinical Labs at Buffalo General Hospital. He was also awarded an NIH grant to study effects of anti-Ia antibodies on auto1 mmune Thyro1d1tis. • Dr. Eugene Mi nd ell, professor and chairman of orthopaedics, has been appointed by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Su rgeons to their Residency Review Committee in Orthopaedic Surgery for a three-year term. • Or. Lise lotte Fischer, emeritus associate professor of psychology in the Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, has been active since her 1983 retirement as a Children's Hospital clinical child psychologist. Last fall, one of her paintings was exhibited in a special show at the AAO Gallery (her second oneperson show there). It will also be reproduced m a special color catalog of the representative art of Western New York, to be distributed to all major art museums in the U.S. and possi- Spring '87 �34 People surgery. He was on UB's faculty from 1959 to bly Europe. Her other paintings were shown at Children's Hospital. Dr. Fischer lives in Amherst. • l~Q Agost ini Mo lenti (Ph.D. '70 and M.D .. University of Milano, Italy) was appointed visiting professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School. He is professor of pathology at Northwestern University and directs the Endoctrine Pathology Laboratories at that university's hospital. Or. Molteni published three articles recently on pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis in the lnternacronaljournal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physicsand Proceedingsof the Societyfor Experimencal Biologyand Medicine. • Dr. Nasir H. Gardezi is a fellow in cardiology in Buffalo General Hospital. The University of Punjab, Pakistan, medical alumnus is a member of the British Medical Association. • Dr. Edward Hender so n, professor of medicine, has been re-elected co the national board of trustees of the Leukemia Society of America. Dr. Henderson is chief of medical oncology at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. The board is comprised of business and professional leaders who volunteer their time co promote and expand the society's programs of research, patient aid, public and pro• fessional education, and community service. As a member of the national board, Dr. Henderson serves on the Medical and Scientific Committee, as well as participating in the Grants Review Subcommittee. Or. Henderson is on the Board of Trustees of the Western New York Chapter of the Society. • Dr. G. Worthington Sche nck, Jr., professor of surgery emeritus, was honored at the Surgical Alumni Association meeting at Erie County Medical Center. The former director of Surgery at ECMC retired last October after 26 years of service. • Dr. Margaret Acara, associate professor of pharmacology and therapeutics, has been appointed to the Editorial Advisory Board of the Journal of Pharmacologyand Experimental Therapeutics for a two-year term. • Stat e University of New York confe rr ed an honorary Doctor of Science degree during UB's May 1986 commencement on Dr. Brian McMahon , considered to be a major figure in the development of modern chronic disease epidemiology. His reseach has been responsible for methodological advances in the study of many diseases, icnluding Hodgkin's Disease and breast cancer, and has set the course of expansion for the entire field. He is Henry Pickering Walcott Professor of Epidemiology at Harvard. • Spring'87 • Dr. Tarik Elibol, clinical assistant professor of medicine, has been re-elected chief of the medical and dental staff at Degraff Memorial Hospital, North Tonawanda, N.Y. The Cleveland Clinic-trained gastroenterologist practices in Kenmore, N.Y. and received his M.D. from the University of Istanbul. • Dr. Milford C. Maloney, clinical professor of medicine and chairman of Mercy Hospital's Department of Medicine, was recently honored by the Trocaire College Board of Trustees at their Fifteenth Annual Benefactors' Reception for his many years as a valued benefactor of the college. Dr. Maloney, recently selected for a threeyear te r m on the nine-member Board of Trustees of the American Society of Internal Medicine, is a member of the AMA, the American College of Physicians, and the American College of Cardiology. He is also on the Board of Directors of Blue Cross of Western New York and the Health Systems Agency of Western New York. • Dr. Donald R. Becker, former UB clinical professor of surgery and Surgery Department chairman at Deaconess, was the recipient of the Outstanding Clinical Teacher Award from the Class of 1984 at University of Connecticut Medical School. He was also appointed associate chairman of the school's Department of Surgery last November. At nearby St. Francis Hospital, he serves as director of BUFFAID [l Mv $ 1 ¢1A N j Dr. Marek Zaleski, professor of microbiology, recently received a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to translate to English a book by the Polish philosopher Rev. Jozef Tischner, The Polish Shape of Dialogue, which describes the Polish experience with the clash between Christianity and Marxism. Zaleski is a member of rhe Transplanracion Society and the International Society for Experimental Hematology. • Dr. Michael Ap icella, professor of medicine and microbiology, has been appointed chairman of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. He is also head of the Division of Infectious Diseases at ECMC. • Dr. Glen Gresham, chairman and professor of rehab medicine and medicine, has been appointed to the public education and community program committee of the American Heart Association. He also is chairman of the Heart Association's subcommittee on stroke and is director of rehabilitation medicine, Erie County Medical Center. • Dr. Joseph Zizzi, clinical associate professor of medicine, and Dr. Leonard Kat z, professor of medicine, were elected to the Board of Directors of the Coordinated Care Management Corporation, a United Way agency which oversees long-term care of the elderly in Erie County. Dr. Zizzi is medical director at ECMC. Dr. Katz is a gasrroenrerology attending at ECMC. • �35 Classnotes Dr. Virg i nia V . Weldon Alfred Evans (M'43) • has been awarded the Abraham Lilienfdd Medal by the American College of Epidemiology for his outstanding research in infectious disease and for his teaching in epidemiology. The distinguished epidemiologist is currently the holder of an endowed chair at Yale University, as John Paul Professor. He has been Yale professor of epidemiology and director of the World Health Organization's Serum Reference Bank. He has also been president of the American Epidemiological Society. The Buffalo native retains a strong area connection - his daughter is married to the son of Dr. Charles Paganelli, UB professor and associate chairman of physiology. Virginia V. We ldon (M'62) • deputy vice chancellor of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, was honored with a day-long symposium last June. The symposium, "Future of Graduate Medical Education in the U.S.," honored Weldon as chairman of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Elected to the AAMC office last year, she is the first woman chosen to lead the association in its l 09year history. She is also vice president of the Washington University Medical Center. Weldon, professor of pediatrics, is a specialist in pediatric endocrinology and is well known for her many published studies of mechanisms of abnormal growth in childhood. She is a physician at Barnes and Children's hospitals and is recognized nationally as a spokesperson on issues in medical education, biomedical research, and legislation affecting health care costs. She 1sa fellow of the A men can Association for the Ad vancement of Science, and 1~on the boards of directors of numerous c1v1corgamrnt1ons. A nth ony V. Grisa nti (M '65) • has been elected 1987 vice chief of the staff at Saint Joseph Medical Center, Burbank, California. Dr. Grisanti practices otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, and facial plastic surgery in Burbank. He 1sa Fellow of the American College of Surgeons and Diplomat to borh thc American Board ofOtolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Richard H. Daffner (M'67} • of Pittsburgh, Pa., has been named a Fellow of the American College of Radiology. He is also on the Editorial Consulting Board of Skeletal Radiology. OavidJ. Fugazzotto (M'67) • is practicing pediatrics in Bir- cal Center, Mt. Kisco, N.Y. He also serves as chairman of a Committee on Health Planning. Dr. Welch, his wife Florie, and their child ren, Laura, 12; Peter, 9; and Ian, 5, reside in Mr. Kisco. mingham, Al. He was re-elected to the executive committee of Medical Center East, 1n Birmingham. Brian S.Joseph (M'68) • was recently certified by the American Board of Forensic Psychiatry as a diplomate in forensic psychiatry. In addition to his private practice, Dr. Joseph is chief of psychiatric services, Erie County Department of Mental Health. Morris J. Stam bier (M'68) • writes: "iust joined the staff at Hall Mercer Children's Center at McLean, a division of Massachusetts General Hospnal, as a consulting psychiatrist. I have 3 children - Elisabeth, 9; Ben, 6; and Sam, 3." Bruce M. Prenner (M'70) • was promoted to associate clinical professor of pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology at the UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, Ca. PeterC. Welch(M'74} • was appointed chief of medicine and vice president for medical affairs at Northern Westchester Hospi- BUFFAID L.!..J:L'!' 1. ' C I A N j Eric J. Russell (M'74) • was appointed director of the section of neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Northwestern University); he was also appointed associate professor of radiology and ocolaryngology at Northwestern University School of Medicine. In December he presented a paper at the meeting of the Radiology Society of North America, "Improved Detectability of Mult1pk Cerebral Metastases with Gadolinium - DTPA enhanced MRI: A Comparison of Um:nhanced and enhanced Images." ThomasC. Rosenthal (M'75) • left private practice m Perry, N. Y., and is now medical director of the Family Practice Residency Program at Deaconess Division of Buffalo General Hospital. Patrick Hayes (M'76) • writes: "recently received boards in emergency medicine; elected chairman of Department of Emergency Medicine at Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Oh. My wife, Karen Glasgow (M'76), and I have a three-year old, Gavin. Karen 1s an internist with a local H. M.O." Michae l Lippman (M'77) • informs us that his cor rect address is: North Seattle Public Health Center, 10501 Meridian Avenue North, Seattle, Wa. 98133. Spring '87 �36 Classnotes Debra L. Hovanec-Burns (Ph.D. '82) • is a research associate at Reed Neurological Research Center, UCLA. Tere nce L. Chorba (M'79) • was awarded the annual Alexander D. Langmuir prize by the Alumni Association of the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control, for a manuscript regarding parvovirus B I 9. A later version of the manuscript was published in the September issue of the Journal For lnfe cr,ous Disease., . Dr. Chorba resides at 403 Longleaf Drive, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514. Jan i ce Denis e Wi ll iam s (M'77) • announces that she has opened a private practice in N. Y. after Binghamton, spending six years at the Mt. Vernon Neighborhood Health Center where she was assigned by the USPHS in 1981. Dr. Williams is listed in "Who's Who of American Women." Ri chard S. Elman (M'77) • became a Diplomate of the American Board of Emergency Medicine. Dr. Elman is the director of Emergency Services at Lockport Memorial Hospital and Western New York Regional Medical Director of National Emergency Services. Matthew J.O'Brien,Jr. (M'78) • has been appointed chief of the Department of Medicine of St. Francis Hospital, Buffalo, N.Y. Dr. O'Brien is a member of the American College of Physicians, and is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine. Bruce M. Benerofe (M'79) • writes: "I am affiliated with the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary in New York City and have just opened my second office for the practice of ophthalmology in Randolph, N.J." Spring '87 Micha e l R. Privitera, Jr. (M'79) • is co-clinical director of the Affective Disorders Inpatient Unit and consultant in geropsychiatry at the University of Rochester Medical C enter. In addition, he is an assistant professor of psychiatry at their medical school. The Pittsford, N.Y., resident recently published" Assessment of Suicide Risk in Patients with Personality Disorder& Major Affective Diagnosis" in the May 1985 Journal of Quality Assurance (QRB), as well as "The Influence of Weight Loss on the Dexamethasone Suppression Test" in Psychrarry Research Vol. 12 ( l 984 ). Deborah M. Weisbrot (M'79) • after completing a fellowship in child psychiatry at Cornell University Medical Center, is now an assistant professor of psychiatry at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine and a unit chief of a psychiatric unit at Bronx Municipal Hospital Center. Barbara R. Hirsch ( M'80) • has a private practice in endocrinology in Great Neck, N. Y. Richard L. Collins (M'83) • of Buffalo, N.Y. writes: "I recently returned from Boston, Ma. where I did my internal medicine residency at St. Elizabeth's Hospital of the Tufts University System." Dr. Collins is now at Millard Fillmore Hospital on a full-time basis. We s ley Blank ( M'SO) • writes: "My wife, Nan, two daughters, Leah and Hadass, and I have moved to Andover, Ma. I am the new obstetrician / gynecologist for Chelmsford Medical Associates, Chelmsford, Ma. Andrew S. Ross (M'80) • writes that in July he will be joining Barrow Colon and Rectal Associates, Boca Raton, Florida. Dr. Ross has three children, Dara (age8), Ilana (age 4) and Jordana ( l ). Patricia Boutis (M'81) • has completed a child psychiatry fellowship. Joel Fiedler (M'81) • is an assistant professor of pediatrics at New York Medical College. Dr. Fiedler resides at 12 S. Darling Avenue, New Rochelle, N.Y. Richard A. Smith ( M'8 1) • attending pathologist at Mt. St. Mary's Hospital, Lewiston, N. Y., and St. Francis Hospital, Buffalo, has been elected a Fellow of the College of American Pathologists. BUFFAID jP Hv S1C1.£1LJ JohnA.Feldenzer(M' 83) • a fourth-year resident in neurosurgery at the University of Michigan Medical Center, has received the Mayfield Award from the Joint Section on Spinal Disorders of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons at their annual meeting. Dr. Feldemer received the award for his investigauon of how spinal infections cause paralysis of the lower part of the body. AnthonyE. Turiano(M'83) • writes: "Recently completed residency at University of Maryland F.P. Program; appointed medical director of Lowell Community Health Center in Lowell, Ma.; married a Med School classmate, Deborah L. Foster (M'83) - she finished a residency in pediatrics at Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital in Cleveland and is now in fellowship - child development - at Boscon 's Children's Hospital with T. Berry Brazelton, M.D." Or. Turiano's new address is 20 Brookfield Road, Andover, Ma. 01810. �Classnotes M. Miles Braun (M'86) • wntes: "l am workmg for one year as a Public Health Intern in the Division of Epidemiology of the New York State Health Department focusing primarily on injuries and AIDS. I expect to begm a psychiatry residency in July 1987 at the Maine Medical Center." Donni caLM oore(M'86) • of Philadelphia, Pa., announces her engagement to Dr. Stanley Bernard (Baylor School of Medicine '86). A September 1987 wedding is planned. Letter To Th e Editor Dear Eduor: In reference to your article "M.D. Stands for Mother-Daughter" (December 1986, Buffalo Phym:ian), I would lake to make a correction. Dr. Helen Sikorski and Camille Hemlock did not set local and UB medical history for the first mocher-daughter team to have graduated from the School. That d1sttnctton belongs to my wife, Dr . Elizabeth Barlog (Class of 1982) and her mother, Dr. Jacqueline Paroski (Class of 1949). My wife and mother-m-law did not publicly announce this fact. Dr. Parosk1 recently retired after serving the North Tonawanda area as a pediatrician for 30 years. My wife completed one year of general surgery residency at UB before completing a residency m anesthesiology at UB tn 1985. She •~ currently an anesthes1olog1st at the Veterans Admm1srratton Medical Center. I would appreciate the appropriate correctton m a future Buffalo PhyiKtan. Stna>rd) ~ours, Ket1inJ. 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Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. 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For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/da517174be8e5eb27b5c591b2323386a.pdf ef3585afc948b715087383f7cedc0599 PDF Text Text p H y s A N LATE WINTER 1987 VOLUME 20, NUMBER 5 UB Inventors · And the Advance of Medicine �BUFFAID PHYSICIAN I Dean's Message D lA DIT R ear Friends of the School of Medicine: The Fall and Winter season have been busy and productive ones for the faculty. Not only are we accommodating to a new educational center and relocation of the administrative offices and services, but we are embarking on some very interesting academic adventures. Three of these are related to future educational and research opportunities. The SU Y system has proposed a major commitment to the enhancement of graduate education and research. This initiative has been received with enthusiasm by the School's faculty and apparently by the governor and state legislature. During the course of the next several months, a task force will work to advise my office on how we might participate in this endeavor. These thoughts will be further processed through university-wide committees appointed by Provost William Greiner. A second University initiative in which School of Medicine faculty will have an important role is that of developing a biomedical engineering program. Dr. Leon Farhi, chairman of the Department of Physiology, will serve as a special assistant to the provost to coordinate and implement this effort. Obviously, this program will serve to strengthen interrelationships between the School of Medicine and Engineering, and between basic science faculty and clinical programs. The timing for this initiative could not be better. The two schools already conduct many mutually important activities, and the formalization of a program will serve to accelerate these activities and to establish Buffalo as a leader in this area. Lastly, we will embark on establishing an Office of Biomedical Affairs which will coordinate the graduate student education program and support the research mission of the Medical School in the years ahead. A national search has been initiated to identify the best qualified person to serve as an associate dean to lead this effort. Such a position will help facilitate our ongoing research and graduate education effort and to enhance the growth and development activities that lie ahead. Sincerely, John Naughton, M.D. Vice Prestdent for Clmtcal Affairs Dean, School of Medicine Medical Alumni Association President's Message P lease help us celebrate the Golden Anniversary of Spring Clinical Day on Saturday, May 9, 1987. Our 50th Anniversary Program will focus on common medical problems occurring during warm weather months. The Stockton Kimball Lecture will be given by Dr. James F. Holland, professor and chairman of the Department of Neoplastic Diseases at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. He is also director of Mount Sinai Hospital's cancer Center and is a past Albert Lasker Award winner. -john E. Przylucki M.D. '73 �BUFE p H y s ( O\er !Stratlo'l t>y [) mellakroc emsk CONTENTS - --- ~ 2 Inventor • The word conjures up a variety of images, from the basement tinkerer in the grand tradition of Rube Goldberg, to the creative genius of Thomas Edison and Leonardo da Vinci. UB has shown strong support of research aimed at the invention of new devices and techniques. This story is about some of our homegrown inventors and their ideas. Associated stories on pages 6, 7, and 9. 11 AIDS Research • "We're sort of catching up to the AIDS virus in our ability to understand it," say UB researchers David Rekosh and Marie-Louise Hammarskjold who are studying the envelope protein of the AIDS virus and the way it binds to white blood cells. If that process is understood, it may be possible to develop a vaccine that prevents that binding. 1 Computers in Medicine • One of the first books, and apparently the first textbook, to be developed on the subject has just been released, written by Michael Anbar, Ph. D . Associated stories: Roswell Park's "Computer Playground," page 17. An "Overview of Computer Applications in Clinical Medicine," page 18. MAPPING THE GENOME e 22 Ontogeny reciprocates phylogeny. Pretty words, but o nly an embryologist or mo lecular bio logist can really appreciate their true significance. al mwntor DJat'<ld \rani, M D, and angwlog' kam at Ruf· falo General mserung double loop cathct<'f durmg <ardi I gy angwplasr' operauon. Se page Z HOSPITALNEWS e 25 Sisters nam es a new p resident. BOOKS e 26 How to survive a bashing: New volume b y Lo uis Bakay traces the early history of cranio to my. PEOPLE e 29 UB researcher Robert G uthrie, whose d evelopment of the PK U t est has p reve nt e d m e nta l reta r datio n in tho usands of children, has been named a wi nne r of th e p r estigio us Kenned y Foundatio n Internatio nal A ward. ALUMNI e 34 C hairs of class reunio ns, which are slated for the 50th Annual Spring C linical Day, May 9, issue invitatio ns to their gettogethers. �2 MEDICAL INVENTIONS UB f~culty have contributed a large and rapidly growing number of new devices and techniques ((I nventor." The word conjures up a variety of images, from the basement tinkerer in the grand tradition of Rube Goldberg, to the creative genius of Thomas Edison and Leonardo da Vinci. SUNY Buffalo has shown strong support of research aimed at the invention of new devices and techniques. Some of these have broad applications, others are for specialized use. Acquiring a patent on an invention is ideal, but not always of paramount importance. The pursuit of knowledge and the satisfaction of knowing that one can benefit society is its own reward. UB has contributed a large and rapidly growing number of inventions over the Dr.]ack Lippes; his Lippes Loop is pictured at top of page. 02187 BY PAUL MROZEK last century. The School of Medicine has been the major contributor of inventions in the past, accounting for 45 per cent of all UB invention disclosures submitted since 1980 (or a total of 42 inventions). One of the most well known, and some would say one of the most historically important devices created in Buffalo, is the IUD contraceptive. It was patented in 1962 by Dr. Jack Lippes, whose name was given to the device that is known as the Lippes Loop IUD. The UB professor of gyn-ob, a 194 7 medical alumnus, served on the faculty here for 32 years before taking a position at another university in 1986. Groundbreaking research was also done in Buffalo by UB doctors William Chardack and Andrew Gage, together with engineer Wilson Greatbatch, which led to the perfection of the world's first successful implantable heart pacemaker in 1960. Researchers at UB are encouraged to use the Office of the Vice President for Sponsored Programs (VPSP). This office assists faculty with the invention disclosure process. The VPSP submits completed invention disclosures to the State University Research Foundation's Office of Technology Transfer, which in turn determines patentability of new inventions. The Technology Transfer Office the VPSP, and the Western New York Technology Development Center collaborate in marketing inventions. BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN! D r. Djavad Arani, ~li_nical associate professor of med1cme and acting head of the Angiology Department at Buffalo General Hospital, has invented a device that is widely used during balloon angioplasty of coronary arteries. Now being marketed by user, the device is called the Arani double-loop guiding catheter for angioplasty of the right coronary artery. Coronary artery disease is a narrowing of the arteries due to a fatty build-up on the interior walls of the blood vessel. Until 1977 when angioplasty was developed, advanced cases of coronary artery disease were usually treated with coronary . bypass surgery. Bypass surgery reqUires general anesthesia, opening the fhe team who det'eloped the first implantable cardiac pacemaker at the VA Hospital in Buffalo, examming a patient in 1960 (1-r: William Chardack , MD. . ., A n d reu> G age, M.D.; and Wilson Greatbatch, engineer). �3 chest and bypassing the blood artery using a vein from the lower extremities. Angioplasty is performed on a conscious patient. Entrance to the body is usually gained through the groin or arm under local anesthesia. This method greatly reduces the major risk which could occur during bypass surgery. The guiding catheter is sent through the vascular system to the aorta until the tip of the catheter goes into the coronary artery. A balloon, attached to a second catheter, is sent through the guiding catheter to the point of the blockage, where the balloon is then inflated. The pressure of the balloon is regulated until the narrowed artery expands to its normal diameter. One technical problem with the original technique was that the guiding catheter tended to pull back to the aorta, leaving no support for the balloon. This problem was especially prevalent during angioplasty of the right coronary artery, which has a tortuous course. The Arani double-loop catheter was designed to alleviate this problem. The double-loop has two curves: one is positioned against the anterior wall of the aorta, and the second is positioned against the posterior wall of the aorta. The tip of the catheter goes into the coronary artery. The combination of the two curves gives considerable support to the guiding catheter, and prevents the tip from recoiling back into the aorta. USCI began manufacturing Arani's device in November, 1985. A film highlighting the device and demonstrating how to use it was shown at a meeting of the American College of Cardiology in March 1986. Latest marketing figures show that the Arani double-loop catheters are selling at a rate of 1,000 per month, with large increases expected. Recent improvements in angioplasty technology, as well as an increased experience of angioplasters, have resulted in a marked increase in the number of angioplasty procedures. Currently about 25 per cent of patients with coronary artery disease can be treated with angioplasty. In the U.S. about 80,000 angioplasties were done in 1985 and almost 120,000 with coronary artery disease were treated with angioplasty in 1986. film and degrades film contrast. The device has already been built and is currently being tested. Clinical tests are being sponsored by a grant from the National Institutes of Health. Results so far show that the device does remove most of the scatter and vastly improves the contrast of X-ray film. According to Rudin, "the unresolved question of the tests is how much more useful information is to be gained from better X-ray pictures." Rudin, along with associate professor of Radiology Daniel Bednarek and several assistants, has also patented a new improved version of this, called the conical rotating aperture wheel device. According to Rudin, the first device involved the synchronization of three motors and three shafts, which calls for constant upkeep to keep them all aligned. Rudin states, "the conical rotating device has only one shaft and one motor, which will make it very easy to use. It is much more elegant geometrically, and it presented some challenging design problems. Once it is made, it will be very easy to operate.'' In the August, 1986, edition of Medical Physics, Rudin disclosed a new design for the wheel patterns which are used in his inventions. The wheels will have an optimized design, with a slit pattern and different angular widths, along with a spiral-shaped aperture pattern. This design will again make Rudin's devices more efficient and will eliminate more scatter from X-ray film. t the right wrm arteT) shou ing a set ere narrotvmg. Tip of the guiding catheter is shown b) the upper arrou and the louer arrou points to the arterial narrowmg. (Immediatelv abote) same angiogram after angioplast), shouing complete disappearance of the narrOtVIng. S tephen Rudin, associate professor of radiology, has patented an invention which has potential widespread application in X-ray technology. It is called the rotating aperture wheel device, and its function is to eliminate scatter in X-ray film. Scattered radiation fogs up 0 3! 5<>1l Dr. Stephen Rudin with rotary apertur del'ice. BUFFALO !PHYSICIAN! J ohn Kapp, chairman of the Oepartment of Neurosurgery, has had two devices patented: an arterial pressure control system, and an artificial metal and plastic vertebrae. Both of these are implantable medical devices. The arterial pressure control system is an electronically controlled computer device that is implanted on arteries leading to aneurysms. The computer will regulate pressure on arteries to prevent ruptures. Kapp stressed that, ' 'This device is not for permanent treatment. It is for early management, and is used temporarily before surgery." There is nothing comparable to it on 02/ 87 �4 the market today, and only the prototypes of Kapp's device have been built. The potential for saving lives is enormous because aneurysms are unpredictable and can rupture without warning. Kapp's device should decrease the risk of there-rupture of an aneurysm during the first several days after the initial hemorrhage, when direct surgery on the aneurysm is especially dangerous. Kapp's artificial vertebrae is used to replace vertebrae that have been destroyed by cancer. According to Kapp, "It is a last ditch device that is used on a patient with cancer of the spine when all other treatments fail." It has been approved for use on humans, and at present has been implanted in four patients. Chemical and radiation therapy was attempted on these four patients, but proved ineffective. According to Kapp, the device has potential, but it needs to be studied in more patients in order to collect data. Only then would it become commercially available. At present, only one vertebra has been replaced at one time, but Kapp and his associates are working on the problem of stringing together longer segments of the metal and plastic device. n Kapp's artificial vertebrae. sure level to pesticides is zero. If part of the grid turns red, this indicates exposure. The amount of grid that is red determines the amount of exposure, and dictates cleanup, and treatment if necessary." The badge is designed to detect exposure to organophosphates, which are widely used as pesticides in agriculture. Probably the best-known of this group is malathion, which was widely used in California to combat the medfly outbreak in the San Joaquin Valley. Baier feels positive about the usefulness of his product, commenting "The applications of this indicator are potentially lifesaving. It could be worn by migrant workers, and it can be understood even by illiterates. Everyone understands a traffic light. Farmers could use it to monitor the amounts of spray on fields and to avoid contaminating adjacent crops." D r. Robert Baier, head of the Health Care Instruments and Devices Institute (HIDI) since 1984, has invented a pesticide dosimeter. The patent is held by the Calspan Corporation, for which Baier worked when developing his device. Also named on the patent is former Calspan employee Dr. Vito DePalma. DePalma and Baier worked together to develop the dosimeter for the U.S. Army. The badge that Baier would like to see marketed for public use is a modified one, less suitable for military purposes. Baier states, "It is a simple, cheap device. It could probably be sold for less than 50 cents. The badge is color-coded with a gridiron face. If one can read a traffic signal, one can understand this device. If the grid remains green, expo- 02187 But Baier has run into a problem, and it is one that is all too familiar these days -product liability insurance. Baier states that "it is absolutely ludicrous that no one is willing to insure a product that can do so much good. The suggested premiums would cost more than any potential earnings from sales." He still feels ethically bound to bring this product to market. "It is a shame on society that a useful device such as this cannot be manufactured. I'm not trying to get rich. But I feel that even if I break even on this it will be worth it." The business consulting firm of Michael and Michael in Williamsville has been dealing with the insurance companies on a daily basis, trying to resolve the fate of the pesticide dosimeter. To avoid any possible conflict of interest between his roles as the head of HIDI and the marketer of a medical device, Baier has left everything in the hands of Michael and Michael. Baier feels there is much good that can be accomplished working with HIDI, and he feels confident that Michael and Michael will do their utmost to get the dosimeter insured and on the market. In addition to the problem of getting liability insurance, there is the added worry of the so-called "deep pockets" theory during liability lawsuits. Basically, that means that a person suing for damages tries to include as many parties as possible in the action, hoping that at least one of them will have money to pay if damages are awarded, or may want to settle out of court. Baier's previous employer (who holds rights to the dosimeter) is concerned about this possibility. The patent for the product will not be released to Michael and Michael without the required liability insurance. Baier comments, "It's a silly kind of thing. But that's today's world." M ary T aub, associate professor of biochemistry, has been involved in the study of kidney cells for ten years. She has recently developed a method of Dr. Kapp BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I �5 culturing renal proximal tubule cells. The development of this type of cell culture system means that these kidney cells act very similar in vitro as they do in vivo. The possibilities for use are numerous. The kidney contains many marketable products, such as erythropoietin, which helps the maturation of red blood cells and plasminogen activator, used in som~ heart patients to prevent clotting. If produced in culture, these products can be obtained more easily and less expensively. Drug companies, in this case Bristol Labs, and Merck, Sharp, and Dohme, are involved in several studies using the kidney cells in culture. The two companies are testing the use of this system as an alternative to, or a supplement for, animal drug studies. Research can be done with cancerous renal cells to ascertain the effectiveness of a drug. Other studies are being performed with normal, nonmalignant renal cells to check the toxicity of drugs. The kidney cells are also used for more in-depth research of immunecomplex diseases of the renal cells. Taub cites some other applications for the renal cells. "More studies could be done with these cells to study heart attacks. What a lot of people don't realize is that the kidney receives 25 per cent of the cardiac output, and that a lot of deaths during heart attacks are due to renal failure. These cells should be studied in culture in order to better understand what happens to the kidney cells during renal failure. Another example is diabetes. Many juvenile diabetes patients have kidney failures. This disease needs more research, research which could also be done in culture." Unfortunately, Dr. Taub cannot patent her technique because of premature disclosure in a paper. But Taub adds, "I really don't care at the moment. There is so much excitement surrounding this, and I'm so busy doing more studies, and collaborating with other studies in the Physiology Department, and also in Microbiology and Pathology. I'm just Loop Guiding Catheter. trying to accomplish as much as I can." Taub also noted that several drug companies have hired her for consulting work to help monitor their research with the cultured renal cells. M ichael Apicella, professor of medicine and microbiology, has recently applied for two patents with the help of the Office of Technology Transfer. Both of the patent-applied-for techniques use the same basic technology for a rapid identification system; both systems are used to identify bacteria. The first test, using an antibody assay, can identify H influenza bacteria in only 30 minutes. Previously, the identification of influenza required biochemical tests which took 18 very expensive hours to run. Apicella's test is both quick and relatively inexpensive. Using the same technology, Apicella developed a test to identify lipopolysaccharides, and more specifically, the Neisseria gonorrhoea bacteria. This test can be run in less time and with less cost than existing tests. It can also be run without the expensive lab equipment that was previously needed. Marketing feasibility studies are underway for both of these identification systems. Space does not allow descriptions of all of US's medical inventions, but a sampling of others includes a customized way of synthesizing radioactive ligands for radioimmunoassay (Roy Slaunwhite); a novel flow electrophoresis (Carel Van Oss and Boris Albini); a method for detecting and quantifying carbon isotopes with mass spectrometer (Michael An bar); a lactulose-xylose absorption test (C. Roche-Lidder); and a method of reducing toxicity of acetomenophen (Edward Nelson). The inventions highlighted in this article are as diverse as the inventors who created them. Some, such as Dr. Arani's double-loop catheter, will be used during tens of thousands of operations each year throughout the world. Others may receive only esoteric plaudits in the form of peer respect and journal articles. Then there are those such as Robert Baier's pesticide dosimeter, which, despite their obvious public benefits, may never be manufactured. There is one thing that all of the researchers have in common: A desire to perfect a technique or a device, not for the praise that accompanies it but because of the desire to create something for the good of society, to make that which is difficult a little easier. . . the search for the ultimate widget. UB, with its renewed commitment to scientific research, has the potential for more scientific breakthroughs in the future. The pursuit of knowledge and the satisfaction of knowing that much good is accomplished are their own rewards. • (Mr. Mrozek is a professional writer a nd a UB undergraduat e alumnus.) dos1meter. BUFFAID IPHYSI¢1AN ] 02/ 87 �6 An accident or inspired dream can shape the invention process M ost times, new devices or techniques are the result of years of intense research and laboratory tests. But, occasionally, things are discovered, or at least conceived, by accident or by inspired daydream. Charles Goodyear discovered how to vulcanize ru bber when he spilled a mixture on a hot stove. The ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes discovered how to measure the density of gold when sitting in a public bath. He was pondering the problem of how to check the purity of a crown of gold. Watching the level of the bath water rise and fall as people sloshed in and out, he suddenly realized that different metals would displace water in varying amounts. Archimedes jumped up and ran naked through the streets, yelling "Eureka, Eureka (I have found it, I have found it)." T homas Lajos, associate professor of surgery at UB and Buffalo General, has invented three devices, one of which is patented and two of which are patent-pending. One of his inventions fulfills the o ld maxim that necessity is the mother of invention. While recuperating from a thumb injury sustained while skiing, Lajos designed a new ski pole grip that helps prevent the very injury he incurred. According to Lajos, "For the past decade, there have been 250,000 thumb injuries suffered by skiers each year. And the numbers have not gone down. This necessitated a new approach to the problem of the ski pole grip." In his younger days, Lajos competed in the sport of fencing. He recalled that the hand guard on the sabre gave adequate protection against accidental injury from an opponent's sword thrust. The basic concept for this new ski pole grip came from inverting a sabre handle, thereby encasing the fingers and thumb in a soft 02187 available to consumers in the near future. Rossingol Co. is tooling up for mass production. Lajos, who performs cardiac surgery when he is not skiing, has invented two devices, atrioventricular pacing electrodes, which are used in heart pacemakers. The electrodes, basically specialized wires, provide an electrical stimulus to the heart so it will contract and pump normally. In a diseased heart, the naturally occurring electrical pathways can be ~ blocked. A pacemaker provides an elec....,.~,,;~.-~ ~ trical energy source for a diseased heart. ~ The pacemaker, via the electrode, deliv~ ers the stimulus to the atrium and the Q . l O it ventnc e, circumventing the blockage . .~...,....._..;__ _ _ _;;..;.._~-----' and allowing the heart to contract in Dr. Thomas Lajos with neu s/..1 pole grip. sequence. Lajos' first patented electrode was BY PAUL MROZEK produced in the mid-1970s, and modified forms of it are still being used today. The second, a bipolar electr ode, is plastic cover, and preventing any hand patent-pending. The bipolar electrode injuries during a fall. involves the use of two wires in a harnessHe compares his hand grip to the type device which delivers two different modern ski bindings developed in the stimuli from the pacemaker; one to the 1970s. Lajos noted that, "The new ski atrium and one to the ventricle. This bindings were invented by orthopaedic device is widely used in the U.S. and surgeons over the last 15 years. They realized that the numbers of broken legs abroad. from ski accidents were reaching unbelievable figures, totally unacceptable to ne invention in world-wide use is the orthopaedists. They knew that some the smoking cessation aid, nicoof the injuries were preventable, just as I tine gum, invented by Dr. Claes Lundgren, know that thumb injuries are preventaprofessor of physiology. Lundgren is also the inventor of 13 other inventions, ble if a better grip is made. I hope the rate of thumb injuries drops the way the eight of them patented, including undernumber of broken legs has." water breathing devices and a special Lajos and his family, all avid skiers, exercycle (see Buffalo Physician, May have tried rough prototypes of his new 1984.) grip and discovered it works just fine. "Like everyone in the early 60s, I saw "We went out west to Jackson Hole, smoking as a medical problem. I was a where the real skiers go. I showed it to the smoker at the time ...and became conSki Patrol and they were quite impressed," vinced that smoking was an addiction, commented Lajos. The grip should be not just a bad habit picked up from social 0 BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN! �7 and behavioral patterns. This notion was strengthened by the fact that the nicotine free cigarette had failed as a commercial venture and that scientists gradually learned it was not the nicotine but the other things in the smoke that were the serious health problem." The idea of the invention struck Or. Lundgren when he thought, "What is more reasonable than a non-cigarette source of nicotine for smoking withdrawal?" He explained further, "My idea was to supply nicotine in a clean form, without the carcinogens and carbon monoxide, as a means of getting away from the real dangers of smoking - and without experiencing the withdrawal symptoms.'' Or. Lundgren brought his idea to the pharmaceutical company within days. They made the first prototype gum that same year. "The first preparations were a bit of a disappointment," he remembers. This is because the acidity of the saliva interfered with the rate of nicotine absorption. The company resolved that problem with a special preparation, an ion-exchange nicotine resin complex. Another unusual hurdle was something encountered by many inventorsskepticism. Lundgren found "total disbelief and substantial resistance to the idea, even among physicians. Imagine, offering nicotine in a chewing gum of all things! " Now sold in many countries, it first became available in the U.S. in 1984 and is now a common smoking cessation aid. F or many people, going to the dentist stimulates anxiety or discomfort. For Michael Anbar, Ph.D., it stimulates inventions. His dental chair experience inspired the chairman and professor of Biophysics to devise three dental inventions that would, if put to use, relieve himself and others of some of the miseries of dental problems. "One day several years ago, after leaving the periodontist's office, I started to think, 'How can you treat periodontal disease non-surgically and nonsystemically?' Instead of treating with systemic antiobiotics, a surface anti- Continued o n Page 3 7 Invention Disclarure SUNY process facilitates patenting of discoveries BY CONNIE OSWALD STOFKO I fa researcher really wants to see his technology get used in the marketplace, he'll take the time to go through the invention disclosure* process, said Hank Kung, Ph.D., who discovered a drug that has been patented through the University. Kung, an associate professor in the Department of Nuclear Medicine, developed a drug that will allow safer, less cost! y, and often more accurate diagnosis and management of stroke and other brain diseases. One of the major considerations for Kung in his decision to pursue the invention disclosure procedure is the tremendous cost involved in getting a drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . The studies required before a drug is approved can cost between $5 million and $10 million, he said. A drug company would not want to spend that kind of money developing a drug if it didn't have patent protection. Otherwise, another company could come along and take advantage of the work, he explained. "So in order to see something applied in the marketplace, it's the process you have to go through,"Kung said. Before the State University Research Foundation Office of Technology Transfer was set up, there were federal agencies that could help, but the process was very cumbersome, he said. "Now the State finally realizes there are benefits for both the State and the companies." A larger slice of royalty payments is just one of the incentives that now exist to encourage researchers to file "invention disclosures," said Edward M. Zablocki, coordinator for industrial and BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN) external relations in UB's Office of the Vice President for Sponsored Programs. UB researchers are required to go through the invention disclosure process when they discover something that may be patentable or licensable, he explained. The researcher submits a form to UB which is then sent on to the State University Research Foundation's Office of Technology Transfer. That SUNY office handles the determination of patentability, then tries to market the idea to industry. If the discovery is successfully patented and licensed, the researcher, directly and indirectly, receives most of the royalties generated, Zablocki said. The researcher personally receives 40 per cent of the gross royalties- "a fairly liberal figure," Zablocki commented. A big recent change is that another 48 per cent is split almost equally among the researcher's laboratory, his department, and an account used for research development funds, Zablocki said. Some faculty members did not submit invention disclosures in the past because they were unaware of it, Zablocki explains, or thought it was time-consuming. "However, an invention disclosure can be completed in about 30 minutes," Zablocki notes. Inventions by University faculty are receiving increasing attention as one component of UB's role as a catalyst for economic development in Western New York. The goal is that inventions will be licensed by WNY companies, including some companies begun by the inventor. The WNY Technology Development Center is actively marketing these UB inventions to area companies. • ·Invention disclosure forms and assistance can be obtained by calling che V P for Sponsored Programs ac 63().332!. 02/ 87 ����11 AIDS research Couple's cell study could lead to vaccine ((w BY CONNIE OSWALD STOFKO e're sort of catching up to the AIDS virus in our ability to understand it," said David Rekosh, Ph.D., associate professor in biochemistry at UB. While on sabbatical at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, Rekosh studied how the proteins on the outer shell or "envelope" of the AIDS virus operate. He worked on the project with his wife, Marie-Louise Hammarskjold, M.D ., Ph.D., who is now assistant professor of microbiology here. The couple is applying for a grant to continue the work at UB. The two studied the envelope protein of the AIDS virus and the way it binds to white blood cells (lymphocytes). If that process is understood, it may be possible to develop a vaccine that prevents that binding, they said. "If the vir us can't attach to the cell, it can't get into the cell, and you won't get the infection," Hammarskjold explained. The envelope protein on the outside of the virus will recognize and bind with only certain proteins. Recently it has been found that the virus can invade brain cells and cause symptoms, but generally, it's the T-4 lymphocytes that are attacked, Rekosh said. The T-4 lymphocytes are the cells of the immune system that help other cells, called B-cells, make antibodies . When the T-4 lymphocytes are invaded, the body can't make enough antibodies, weakening the body 's defenses against other infections . The AIDS patient develops "opportunistic" infections that prove fatal. In their work, Rekosh and Hammarskjold have taken a gene out of the AIDS virus and put it into an "expression vector." An expression vector allows foreign proteins to be made where they normally would not be made. The researchers introduce their expression vector into animal cells rather than into bacteria. "You use the cell as a factory to produce the protein you want," Hammarskjold explained. I nstead of manufacturing a whole virus, the cell merely manufactures a protein from the virus. There are many advantages to this. First, researchers can work more easily because there's no infectious virus around. Hammarskjold said that people working with the virus must take precautions even though it probably would take an injection, not just an open cut, to BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN I 02187 �12 become infected with it. The manufacture of envelope protein has been accomplished by most other groups in bacteria rather than in animal cells. But envelope protein made in bacteria doesn't behave normally, Rekosh noted, and it is not useful for many types of studies. "We've been able to produce a lot of protein, and we've been able to show that it's extremely similar, if not identical, to the protein made by the actual viral infection," Rekosh remarked. "It looks the same, and in a couple of different tests, it acts the same." In Sweden, researchers are testing to see if the protein binds to the T-4 cell. Rekosh is confident it will. Rekosh and Hammarskjold have been able to produce quantity as well as quality. "We do better in the production of protein than the virus does," Rekosh said. He noted that these expression vectors are a source of protein for other researchers who request it, as well as for their own work. an AIDS vaccine. "For a good vaccine, you have to understand how the envelope protein helps the virus get into the cell - that's the basis of the science we want to look at," he explained. "You can make a better vaccine if you know how the virus interacts with its host cell," Hammarskjold agreed. "Even if a vaccine was developed tomorrow, the scientific question of how the protein works would still be there," Rekosh added. "Not only is it a medical problem, but it's a scientific problem, and it's as interesting as any other." R ekosh, who is co-director of UB's Center for Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology (CAMBI), hopes to be able to link his basic research to clinical research starting at CAMBI. nlf the virus can't attach to the cell, it can't get into it, and you won't get the infection." A nother advantage of the UB researchers' method is that the manufactured protein is free from other components of the AIDS virus, Hammarskjold said. If the protein reacts in a certain manner during a test, Rekosh and Hammarskjold can be sure the results are caused by that particular protein. "We have a pure sy tern," Rekosh said. Other researchers have manufactured the envelope protein by transplanting one of the AIDS genes into the vaccinia virus which is harmless to most people. But that method as a vaccine has the added complication of having body cells infected with the vaccinia virus. Using the whole envelope protein, either in a vaccinia virus or by itself, is a naive approach to vaccine development, Rekosh said. Parts of a protein, rather than a whole protein, will probably be needed, he argues, and scientists must understand which parts to use. It's going to take science, not just technology, to develop 02187 M ichael Apicella, M .D., professor of medicine and microbiology at UB, is the other co-director of CAMBI. He recently was named head of the Buffalo-based portion of a National Institutes of Health study to evaluate treatments for AIDS. ew drugs will be tested at a clinic at Erie County Medical Center. Buffalo, Syracuse, and Rochester have ben designated as a single center. Ray Dolan, M.D., of the University of Rochester, has been named head of the center. The Buffalo funding for the first year of the five-year study will be an estimated $200,000. Apicella will be assisted locally by Ross Hewitt, M.D., a fellow in the Division of Infectious Diseases. Rekosh hopes to have access to clinical BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN I Drs Rekosh and Hammarskjold in their lab. specimens such as serum from the clinicians. It may even be possible to develop a better test to diagnose AIDS than is available on the market now, he speculated. "We may be able to provide clinicians with some expertise on how the virus works, and they can provide us with ... ," Rekosh paused thoughtfully, " ... reality. It's important to remember there's a patient at the end of all this." Rekosh and Hammarskjold will also keep ties with researchers in Sweden. Eva Lindstrom, a student who was supported by Hans Wigzell, professor and head of the Immunology Department at the Karolinska Institute, was here for three months. She assisted while learning the method and took the technology back to Sweden, Rekosh explained. "The research we're doing, the questions we're asking, and the technology we're using are as good as is being done anywhere," Rekosh said. "We're at the forefront. "I've never had any trouble getting �13 S grants for research I thought was important, so I'm optimistic we'll get funded ." A IDS is important because of its tmpact on our society, he said. It encompasses moral, social, political, and educational issues. Sexuality in our society was changed a great deal by herpes, and that condition isn't even lethal, he noted. "AIDS is the best thing that could have happened as far as the fundamentalists are concerned," he said. "If the disease had come into pregnant women instead of homosexuals, society would have seen it as a great threat and done something about it. The gay community is very embittered about that." With the hysteria surrounding AIDS, there are fears that there may be attempts to quarantine people with AIDS, or to quarantine even people who are "antibody positive." A person with antibodies may or may not ever get the disease, and, in a couple of cases, people seem to have cured themselves, Rekosh said. And even if a person has the disease, there's clear evidence that he's not infectious through normal, casual contact, even with close family members. "I'm against using the AIDS antibody test to discriminate against people," he stated. Because it touches on topics such as drug addiction and sex, the AIDS issue "hits western society at its weak spots," Rekosh said. "It makes us deal with things we don't want to face. Since it has spread to prostitutes, we're going to have nice, ordinary middle-class men bringing it home to their wives. But nobody wants to admit this goes on." He emphasized that one of the keys to battling AIDS is education. He criticized the short, non-substantive reports carried on television. "They're always pressed for time," Hammarskjold added, tapping her watch. "They say, 'This is interesting, but we don't have time.' " BUFFAID ! P HYSICI A N I wedish television devotes hours and hours to groups of specialists who discuss the issue and give good, clear advice . But a survey in Washington, D .C ., showed that many health care workers in that city don't know how the disease is transmitted, she said. While the Swedes are "a hundred light-years ahead" of Americans when it comes to dealing with AIDS in a straightforward manner, even they have political problems, Rekosh said. An example has to do with the way AIDS is spread among drug addicts. The problem is much worse in Stockholm than it is 500 miles away in the city of Malmo. People in Stockholm can't purchase syringes legally, but those in Malmo can cross the channel and buy them legally in nearby Denmark. Government officials don't want to make it legal to purchase syringes for fear it will promote drug addiction, Hammarskjold pointed out, and right now drug addiction is a bigger problem than AIDS. Other diseases around the world affect more people than AIDS does, Rekosh admits. Schistosomiasis, which he is also doing work on, affects 500 million people, mostly in Africa and South America. The famine in Ethiopia is killing more people than AIDS is. "But people in the western world are not used to people dying next door, left and right," he said. Rekosh cited statistics presented at an AIDS conference in Paris by ]. W. Curran, an epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control. If there is no change in social habits or treatments that are available, by 1991 there will be 174,000 people in the U .S. with AIDS requiring care. In addition, 179,000 will have already died. Rekosh related a prediction from Wigzell of Sweden: "If our research efforts cause a vaccine to be found one day sooner, it will save at least 500 lives." • 02/87 �14 COMPUTERS IN MEDICINE Dr. Michael Anbar's text on the subject is one of the first of its kind to be published BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER 0 ne of the first books, and almost certainly the first textbook, ever to be written on the subject of computers and medicine has just been released. The coauthor and editor of the precedent-setting book, Computers in Medicine ( 1987, Computer Science Press, Rockville, Md. 299 pp. ), is Michael Anbar, Ph.D., chairman and professor of the Medical School's Department of Biophysical Sciences. Not only is Anbar's textbook the first to be written on the timely subject, it is the only textbook that addresses the philosophical issues, challenges and opportunities that computers have created for the field of medicine. 02/87 In addition to teaching computer literacy to health professionals, the volume portrays the dramatic impact that computers are having on medicine, ranging from prosthetic devices that are taking us closer to the possibilit y of the "bionic human," to artificial intelligence and computerized diagnosis that have raised unfounded fears about the computer "replacing" the doctor. The book is unusual in that it is aimed at such diverse audiences. One intended audience includes physicians (particularly those who got their educations in the B.C. [Before Computers] era) as well as medical students and hospital residents. The second audience is the computer BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN] science and engineering community, especially those who would like to apply their technology to the advancement of medicine. Lastly, the book is designed for all readers "who wonder about the role of computers in medicine and may worry about the impact of the growing role of automation in healthcare." While computers are contributing to swift changes in medicine, Anbar is clear that they are not a serious threat to the physician's domain. "There are two myths that doctors believe regarding computers in medicine,'' Anbar explains. "The pessimistic myth is that computers will take over and replace the doctor." The reality of computer- �15 Dr. Mlchacl Anbar assisted diagnosis, he explains, is that it can never accomplish what the mind of the doctor can. "This is an absurdity," Anbar states. "It cannot weigh all the variables, all the exceptions, all of the subtleties of direct interaction with the patient," he emphasizes. "Furthermore, medicine requires a larger amount of humanism than any other technology-intensive profession," he continues. "Physicians must manifest more 'human' attributes than any other professional; they must combine lucid reasoning, intuitive heuristic creative thinking, and decisiveness with compassion and interpersonal interactive skills. Consequently, the physician will proba- bly be the last professional to be replaced by a mechanoelectric device." W hile Anbar assures that the diagnostic and decision-making role of the physician is not threatened by the computer, as the pessimistic myth implies, that doesn't mean the doctor's role in society won't be affected. Computers will strengthen the role of skillful surgeons and other physicians who will use even more sophisticated computer-assisted equipment and tools. At the same time, home based computerized health instruction will greatly increase the health education of patients. This will contribute to the decline of the father role of the BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN I physician, Anbar asserts. The internist and family physician, for example, may become more of a learned consultant than an authority figure to a growing number of health-educated patients. The optimistic myth regarding the role of computers in medicine goes like this: if we could put all data of all patients into computers, we could solve any medical diagnosis. "That can't happen because there is no way to standardize patient data and diagnosis that could lead to accurate computer diagnoses applicable to the entire field of medicine." Different doctorS will describe the same condition in different ways. :~nd semantic differences are very 02187 �16 subtle. Another optimtstlc variation of this myth, Anbar says, is that "computer storage of medical data is infinite." The medical record for one patient totals 50,000 bits of data. For the entire field of medicine, there are hundreds of billions of bits of information, Anbar comments. "No 20th century computer can store all that information in its active memory. Even if it could, it would be impractical and too time consuming to enter all the data and too time consuming to wait for it to be printed out. Even if that became possible, information overload or overdiagnosis could result." Overdiagnosis is the finding of marginal abnormalities in certain parameters not originally required to establish a diagnosis. This, however, can be avoided by designing the program to ignore inputs not warranted on the basis of prior information, Anbar relates. T he book is "user-friendly" in that it minimizes technical jargon, especially in its philosophical discussions. It also gives reassurances that computers are "friendly" (that is, not so threatening), as indicated by chapter titles such as "You Are the Master- The Machine at Your Service," "Your Humble Consultant" or "The Clerk That Never Forgets." The benefits that make computers "friendly" are in place and rapidly accelerating. They are increasing the ability to substitute missing bodily functions through prosthetics: limbs, cardiac functions and hearing. They are enabling us to produce better surgical tools or tools that can perform tasks not previously possible. They have revolutionized diagnostic imaging so that "One picture can be worth a million words." Computers have also increased the output of clinical lab analyses a hundred-fold with no increase in staff or space. Office management for the practicing physician is also being made less of a chore through computerization. The monitoring abilities of the computer are affecting the nurses' role by making patient surveillance more effective and eas ier. "Controlled medication and 02187 intensive care units are also drastically different today because of computers," An bar relates. Home-based patient monitoring is affecting hospital programs and medical costs. For the lay public, computers now make possible home-based, self-prediagnosis as well as the self-instruction that will produce a much more healthwise population. For the medical community, computerassisted instruction ("The computer as Socratic teacher") is also affecting the way medical students are being taught. Anbar's book, in fact, originated because there is no textbook on the subject that he can use for the computer literacy section of the Clinical Biophysics course that he teaches. The course, incidentally, is one of the very few required courses in American medical schools that teaches computer literacy to medical students. Not only did An bar find there were no "computers in medicine" textbooks on the market, but he had another motivation to write the book. "Physicians as a group are computer-shy. I wanted to overcome the built-in resistance of clinicians to using computers. Right now, they're using computers primarily by default, that is through laboratories, equipment, and office management." Anbar predicts many more exciting new medical uses of computers in the future. "Their use in prosthetics is likely to lead to a form of artificial vision within 20 to 30 years in which external signals will be linked directly to the optical nervous system. "In diagnostic imaging, computers will ultimately be able to analyze the images themselves to assist the physician who will still make the decisions. They will also enhance the images so that doctors can recognize features not previous! y possible." 0 ther future developments will improve medicine while creating difficult changes for other health-related professions, Anbar states. "The other health professions will also have to adjust to computerization. Pro- BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I tocol-driven treatment using computers in ICUs, emergency rooms, nursing homes and home care will greatly improve patient care. They will be able to monitor and administer medicine and pain-killers constantly, around the clock, and will not ' forget' tasks because of fatigue or stress. But the cost efficiency of 'electronic nursing' and 'electronic paramedics' will also change the nature of those fields." Computers will also revolutionize the written word. Electronic textbooks, such as all of "Harrison's Principles" or the Merck Index, will be able to be called up instantaneously . Computer-assisted instruction and computerized textbooks will become standard. "In current society, the written (printed) word has more weight and prestige than the computerized word. The unexpected change will be that the prestige of being published in respectable journals or of writing a textbook may be lost if screen displays or printouts become the primary medium for the word. It may affect the basic motivation, as well as the process, for publishing." Dr. Anbar's coauthors include Fred Snell, M.D., Ph.D., professor of biophysical sciences; Robert A. Spangler, M .D., Ph.D., associate professor of biophysical sciences; Peter D. Scott, Ph.D ., associate professor of health behavioral sciences. Dr. Anbar has been a leader in biotechnology for many years. He serves as editor-in-chief of Health Care Instrumentation. The Hebrew University Ph.D. graduate former! y served as a professor in the Weizmann Institute of Science, head of the Israel Atomic Energy Commission Department of Radiation Research, a delegate to the 2nd UN conference on Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy, and as one of the directors of the Stanford Research Institute. Anbar came to UB in 1977 to serve as chairman of the Department of Biophysics and also holds professorial positions in UB's Dental School and the Roswell Park Graduate Division. He founded UB's new Health-Care Instrument and Devices Institute (HIDI) and was its first e director. .. �17 ROSWELL PARK'S COMPUTER PLAYGROUND ((A computer playground for the serious scientist" that's how Roswell Park Memorial Institute refers to its Theoretical Biology Unit. It is the first computational laboratory in Buffalo to combine theoretical calculations and molecular modelling, and is the latest regional technological resource center for area scientists. The unit, under the direction of Dr. Robert Rein, is primarily a biological and chemical construction site, where the blueprints for future cancer drug development are drawn, intricate molecular processes are mapped, and protein and nucleic acid prototypes are designed. Here, scientists study the molecular biology of the total cancer process, using advanced computer technology to build visual models. "Each piece of laboratory equipment," said Dr. Rein, " is invaluable for studying complex molecular processes, and for providing researchers with a better structural understanding of chemistry and biology." Included on the laboratory's roster of state-of-the-art equipment are the recently purchased Evans and Sutherland PS 300 computer graphics system -the only one of its kind in Buffalo-the Tektronix 4081 system, a VAX 111750, and a HP 1000 computer. This equipment was acquired with external support from NASA and the National Foundation for Cancer Research. The computer graphics system, the pride of the Theoretical Biology Unit, is used for molecular modelling, drug design, and for solving the most complex chemical and biological problems. With this system, intangible thoughts become tangible images. Experimental "pencil and paper" research appears as magnified, threedimensional architecture on the computer's screen. Each "building block" of the molecular model revolves in brilliant colors, which mimic laser light in their intensity. To capture the three-dimensional details of the structures, special eyeglasses are worn by the system's operator. According to Dr. Rein, the system is BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN] unlimited in its use and application. "We can expedite the design of hundreds of thousands of promising cancer drugs," he said. "We can observe peptidyl transfer in atomic detail or conduct structural studies of cytolytic toxins or study the binding of bioactive macro-molecules to cell receptors. With this one piece of technology, we have successfully erased many scientific boundaries." Dr. Rein hopes the PS 300 and other high-tech computer systems will entice Western New York scientists to use the Theoretical Biology Unit as a regional resource. "I plan to encourage and initiate collaborative research with area scientists who require state-of-the-art modelling technology to pursue new projects or extend existing ones," the researcher explained. "With our modelling expertise and equipment, we can handle almost any problems from biology to chemical engineering. I'd like to see more integrated, multidisciplinary scientific programs being conducted within our laboratory." e 02 / 87 �18 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL MEDICINE: AN OVERVIEW BY BLACKFOR D MIDDLETON, M.D. (Class of 1985) I t is estimated there are one million generally accepted facts in the field of internal medicine and conservatively another million facts in all the subspecialties of medicine. 1 Although some have questioned the need for computers in medicine, 2 it is clear the information explosion in medicine is making it increasingly difficult for a physician to master the essentials of even the narrowest medical specialty. Medical practice is becoming ever more dependent on computers and it appears imminent that one of the physician's most personal domains, medical diagnosis and decision-making, will be the next field to take advantage of the computer revolution. Beyond the acquisition of a massive data base, physicians also face the task of integrating their knowledge, their moral or ethical codes, and their perceptions of a patient or problem in order to devise a rational and acceptable plan of action. The science and art of diagnosis are under more and more intense scrutiny as computerbased techniques are being developed that strive to mimic the process of diagnosis. Before computers do indeed enter the physician's personal realm, numerous problems, both technical and societal, need to be resolved. This discussion aims to illuminate some of these problems, as well as aid the reader in understanding the ways computers will actually assist in diagnosing disease. Medical D ecision Making The cognitive span of expert medical diag- 02187 nosis has been equated to all previous experience for any one doctor. 3 That is, he or she may draw on any of his or her past experiences in terms of knowledge, practice, emotions, or moral stance in evaluating a patient. To narrow down this search for relevant data in the physician's total experience, various techniques are employed. One diagnostic process, the "heuristic" approach may be divided into six well-defined steps:4 1) aggregation of groups of findings into recognizable patterns, 2) selection of a "pivot" or key finding to narrow the field of probable diagnoses, 3) generation of a "cause list" of diseases explaining the key finding, 4) pruning the "cause list" in light of the findings in the case, 5) selection of a diagnosis, and 6) validation of the diagnosis. Simplistically heuristic reasoning may be thought to proceed by trial and error with if-then rules of thumb. 5 For example, if a manifestation of disease is present, then disease may be present. In this manner the cognitive span is reduced and focused. Older doctors appear to use more heuristic techniques6 and thus may approach problems with a broader perspective, while younger doctors tend to have a limited perspective of the problem at hand and use more "algorithmic" (like a flow-chart) reasoning. It is in just those initial stages of diagnosis requiring the broadest cognitive span that doctors are needed most. 3 In his 1973 landmark paper on medical decision making, G .A. Gorey 7 came to BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I �19 four major conclusions regarding medical decision making: • Clinical judgement is based less on detailed knowledge of pathophysiology than it is on gross chunks of knowledge and detailed experience from which rules of thumb are derived. • Clinicians know facts but knowledge is largely judgmental. Rules are learned to focus attention and generate hypotheses quickly. Thus, clinicians avoid a detailed search through the entire problem space. • Doctors recognize levels of uncertainty associated with the rules they use but do not routinely quantify or utilize these certainty concepts in any formal statistical manner. • It is easier for experts to state their rules in response to misconceptions they perceive in others than it is for them to generate such decision criteria out of context. Four Paradigms of Computer Assisted Decision Making If computers are to adequately emulate human reasoning processes, they will need to use several "reasoning" techniques similar to those humans use. However, the techniques humans rely on 5 include such subconscious "sources of power" as knowledge-based or experiential rules of thumb, the ability to divide a problem into managable sub-problems, the ability to reason by analogy, goal-directed reasoning, and the ability to recognize serendipitous solutions. It is extremely difficult for computers or their programming software to simulate any one of these techniques, let alone integrate them in an operational fashion. Computers traditionally have been most effective using "power-based" applications such as algorithmic, statistical, or mathematical modelling to assist decision making. Recently, however, the field of artificial intelligence has arisen and research has shifted to "knowledge-based" strategies using heuristics to enable computers to emulate human reasoning. 8 Certain generic problems surrounding the use of computers arise with any of the above techniques. Computers, of course, must be programmed. This implies an inevitable delay between realization and application of new knowledge whereas for humans 02/ 87 �20 hopefully there is little or no delay. This delay with computers may only be temporary, however, since computers may soon be able to learn 3 and some progress has been made in that direction. 9 The need for dynamic programming that is flexible and easily updated is well recognized. IO Another problem, especially in the field of medicine, is associated with the machine representation of clinical data. This information may be very subjective and prone to considerable variability and inaccuracy. 11 Disagreement among observers is common, and reproducible, quantifiable scales have not been established for all clinical indices. Also computer applications are typically very specific for one problem or setting. Computer programming is often not transferable even among similar situations. This severely impedes general acceptance of new techniques, increases the work required to integrate computers into health care settings, and prevents the realization of economies of scale that would make computerbased techniques financially desirable. 10 Computers are being used for many of the business aspects of health care delivery, but before they may be used in clinical medicine more standardization and uniformity is required. Finally, it is clear computer systems cannot be implemented to take over all business or clinical activities at once. Diagnosis assisted by computers 12• 13 must be gradually phased in to the system, adding those work centers or tasks as they become amenable to computer support. Computers have successfully used algorithmic approaches to problem solving but this has limited general utility in medicine. Clinical algorithms are appealing because they drastically reduce a problem to one of two choices, thus reducing information overload for doctors. They may increase the quality of care and compliance by patients with well-defined problems. 1 Decision theory applies real values to choices at decision points in algorithms and may help doctors and patients make difficult choices rationally. 14 However, the algorithmic approach suffers because it does not allow for a comprehensive approach to problems and becomes very cumbersome in complex situations. It allows only two options at a time with no awareness of the sequence of events or indirectly related fac- 02187 tors. 1 While algorithms do help to quantify decision making, they also require assigning subjective values to health and suffering, 1 and may be too time consuming to be useful clinically. !4 One extension of the flow chart approach uses statistics (Bayesian) to assign probabilities to outcomes given certain preliminary factors or events. The appeal of this approach lies in its ability to consider many factors at the same time and still accurately determine the probabilities of various outcomes. It is limited, however, because it assumes independent diseases and symptoms and requires an extensive data base to determine their statistical relationship. Also unknown factors not accounted for and failure to include them may lead to spurious or invalid results. The last problem with the statistical approach is that it bears little resemblance to human reasoning and can provide no explanations for its predictions. 1 The ultimate numerical technique employed by computers is exact mathematical modeling of an event. The advantage of mathematical modeling is that it produces a non-probablistic result that is precise. It depends on well characterized, isolated, quantifiable relationships that may be represented by an equation. Few such situations exist in medicine. 1 The most promising development regarding the application of computers to medicine is Artificial Intelligence (AI). This approach developed as a response to the limitation of more traditional computer based models of reasoning. The goals of artificial intelligence are: 1) The development of computational models of intelligent behavior (cognitive and perceptual), and 2) solving problems usually thought to require humans. 8 Artificial intelligence uses techniques based on both the mental processes and qualitative judgements culled from experts by symbolically representing them in computer programming. One of the better known systems is MYCIN, developed at Stanford University, to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infection. Briefly, this program stores 500 generally accepted rules of infectious disease with specific patient information in a dynamic database. The program interacts with its user when it needs more information to satisfy all premises of a BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I Situation before applying a rule. Application of a rule enters a new fact about the case into the dynamic database. The same process occurs for diagnosis and then selection of therapy.'· 8 A particularly appealing feature of the MYCIN program is its ability to demonstrate its "reasoning" to the user, e.g., when the stain of a specimen is Gram negative, a bacterial infection is possible. Rules used and inferences drawn may be displayed, covering diagnosis and selection of therapy all the way back to the initial premises.8 The system may also be easily updated and debugged without destroying the entire rule and inference making system - an essential if it is to be truly useful in the real world. 8, IS Another well known AI application in medicine is Internist- I. Developed by R.A. Miller and Jack Myers at the University of Pittsburgh, this system strives to cover the entire field of internal medicine.I 6 With roughly 75 per cent of the knowledge base of internal medicine in its programming, lnternist-1 does remarkably well. Briefly, lnternist-1 is guided by two heuristic principles: defining problem areas through a "partitioner" algorithm, and the conclusion of diagnoses within problem areas. Each manifestation of disease is assigned a value in three variables: "evoking strength, frequency, and import." The evoking strength represents how strongly a diagnosis could explain a finding. Frequency assesses how often patients with the disease have the finding. Import is a diseaseindependent measure of the importance of the finding or to what extent it must be explained in a patient. A list of possible diagnoses is formed and diseases are rankordered using the above variables in much the same way a physician would - the number of findings explained by a disease, versus the number of manifestations of the disease not found in the patient. When two contending diagnoses each explain no more of the manifestations than the other, three strategies are employed by the computer to reach a conclusion: "pursuing" a diagnosis for confirmation, " ruling-out" a diagnosis, or "discriminating" between diagnoses. The machine " asks" the user for additional data to reach its conclusion but may defer or only reach a "tentative diagnosis" if it cannot make a "definitive" diagnosis. �21 Although the lnternist-1 program performs well, it has several limitations that prevent it so far from being used clinically. 16To begin with, the knowledge base is not complete. Undoubtedly programmers will forever be adding to and updating the knowledge base as the field of internal medicine expands. The program can make several diagnoses in different problem areas but cannot "explain" complicated multisystem problems. It has difficulty reasoning anatomically, or temporally. Issues Surrounding Use of Computers In Clinical Medicine First, there are "acceptability" and "performance" issues, 1 as well as issues surrounding the accessibility of computers. 10, l7, l8 Computers have had a hard time gaining acceptance in clinical medicine. Possibly a "critical mass of people" must become involved before computers will be widely used in medicine l8 or perhaps doctors will not accept computers until it is clear computers can do something they cannot. 6 Furthermore, at this time it has not been demonstrated yet that computer assisted diagnosis or decision making will improve health care. IOIssues of security of patient information, l8 cost, 8, 10 and the possibility of additional personnel 10 arise in an already labor-intensive industry. Computers must be speedy, reliable, helpful, and versatile before they will gain widespread use. 8 Intertwined with acceptability is the issue of accessibility. If health professionals cannot use a computer, it will never be accepted. The man-machine interface is an area of intense research --computers must be user-friendly. 18They must be logistically placed in the work environment to permit easy integration into daily work.10. l7 If computers reduce the workload and save time for health professionals, their use will be naturally reinforcing. 19 The use of computers in clinical decision making raises questions also in the area of accountability. If it is assumed the programming is up to date and the machine is well integrated into the health care delivery system, problems in other more mechanical areas may yet arise which are beyond the doctor's control. The machine may fail, power may fail, or there may be informa- tion errors resulting from data entry errors, or inaccurately assigning one patient's data to another. Gardner has identified the need for systematic redundancy in hardware to prevent electronic or mechanical problems from endangering patients. 17The computer software, in addition, must have built in checks for anomalous data - data that a doctor would recognize as not being right. Evaluation of computer assisted diagnosis must go beyond the ability of a machine to compute the correct or probable diagnosis. As with any new technology or procedure, it should be rigorously evaluated against clearly stated objectives prior to general implementation. 18 One six-stage evaluation scheme that would effectively evaluate the diagnostic ability of a computer has been proposed 15 but more general work remains to be done on the general impact of computer assisted decision making in medicine. How will it change the physician-patient interaction? Will it demean or redefine the physician's role? Will physicians' clinical acumen decrease with increasing reliance on machines, or will the number of expert consultants decrease as they may be replaced by machines? 19 Will faceless computer diagnosticians change health seeking behavior in patients, or make them more prone to litigation against a nonfeeling, non-entity? Con clu sion As the knowledge base expands further in medicine, computers will increasingly be called upon for information management. To make this information generally usable, sophisticated computer programs and techniques must be developed to facilitate the man-machine interaction. There is clearly a great need for research to devise sophisticated ways to represent-medical knowledge for computers. 8 Medical knowledge itself must be continually explored and amplified to find "intermediate pathophysiologic states" l6 that would make diseases and their manifestations more interpretable by computers and humans alike. More work needs to be done in modelling human thought processes - inference mechanisms, how to handle uncertainty, and how to learn from mistakes. Finally, work needs to be done on how to smoothly integrate computers into current systems, and in BUFFAID (ISHYSI¢1ANI assessing the impact of the technology on health care operations, economics, and the physician-patient interaction. Despite all the problems relating to the new field of artificial intelligence in medicine, physicians should realize that the same technology that got us to this point will make it possible to overcome these problems. The way technology has developed, it is not a matter of "if," but "when," and in exactly what form, computers will enter the physician's domain. • (Dr Middleton. a 1985 UB alumnus. IS 1n the residency program of the Un111ers1ty of Conneclicut Health Center 1n Fam1ngton. 0 He 1s. InCidentally. the son of UB dlerg1st Dr. ElliOtt Middleton.) REFERENCES KumJC, eta!. "Computer-Assisted Decis1on Makmg in Medicine." 1- Med. & PhUosophy, 9:135160, 1984. 2. Pauker SG, eta!. "Towards the Simulation of Clinical Cognition: Taking a Present lllness by Computer," Amer 1- Med, 60-981-996, 1976. 3. Blois MS. "Clinical Judgement and Computers." (Special Article) Neu Eng. 1- Med., 303: 192-197, 1980. 4. Eddy DM, Clanton CH, "The ArtofD~agnos1s: Solving the Clinicopathological Exercise." Neu Eng. }. Med., 306:1263-1268, 1982. 5. Lenat DB. "Computer Software for Intelligent Systems." Sc1enn/ic American, 251 :204-213, 1984. 6. Ziporyn T. "Computer-Assisted Medical DecisionMakmg: lnterestGrowmg."1-AM.A., 248:913-918, 1982. 7. Gorry GA. "Computer-Assisted Clmical DeciSIOnMaking." Methoci< of lnfonnanon m Med1cme, 12:4551, 1973. 8. Duda RO, Shorthffe EH. "Expert Systems Research." Science, 220:261, 1983 9. Blum RL. "Discovery, Confirmation, and Incorporation of Casual Relationships from a Large TimeOriented Clinical Data Base: The RX Project." Computers & Bwmedtcal Research, 15:164-187, 1982 10. Friedman RB, Gustafson DH. "Computers m Chmcal Medicme, A Critical Review" (Guest Editorial) Computers & Btomedtcal Research, 10:199-204, 1977. I I. Komaroff AL. "The Variabtlity and Inaccuracy of Medical Data." Proc. IEEE, 67:1196-1207, 1979. 12. Simborg DW." etworkingand Medical Information Systems." 1- Medtatl Systems, 8:43-47, 1984. 13. van BemmelJH. "A omprehensive Model forMedical Information Processmg." Methods of Information m Med., 22:124-130, 1983. 14. Schwartz WB, eta!. "Decision Analys1s and Clinical Judgement." The Amer. 1- Med., 55:459-472, 1973. 15. S:olovits P, Pauker SG. "Computers and Chnical Decis1on Makmg: Whether. How, and For Whom1" Proc. IEEE, 67:1224-1226, 1979. 16. Miller RA, Pople HE, Myers JD. "lntermst-1, An Experimental Computer-Based Diagnostic Consultant for General Internal Med1cme." Neu Eng. }. Med., 307:468-476, 1982. 17. Gardner RM, et a!. "Computer-Based ICU Data I. Acquismon as an Aid to Cit meal Decision-Makmg," Cnucal Core Med., I0:82 3-830, 1982 _ 18. Dowhng AF. "Medically Onented Computer-Based Information Systems." Medtcal Core, 20:253-254, 1982. 19. Gottinger HW. "Computers m Med1cal Care: A Revie"." Methods of ln/ormauon m Med., 23: 63-74, 1984. 02 / 87 �22 MAPPING 'IHE: GENOME BY RUSSELL). VAN COEVERING, II Class of '77 and Clinical Instructor of Gyn-Ob ntogeny reciprocates phylogeny. Pretty words, but only an embryologist or molecular biologist can really appreciate their true significance or import. Our friends, the molecular biologists, have developed a new technology that puts humanity on the threshold of assuming the greatest power and responsibility it has ever known. To put it simply, man has proposed to map the entire human genome and splice DNA into human blood cells to treat a rare genetic enzyme deficiency disease. The disease is ADA (adenosine deaminase) deficiency, and there have been only 100 cases reported in the world. In this disease, bone marrow cells lack the ADA activity and the enzyme metabolite deoxyadenosine increases to levels which inhibit T and B cell function in the immune system, resulting in a severe immunodeficiency disorder similar to the condition of the famous "bubble boy." About 30 per cent of these children can be treated by bone marrow transplantation; the rest all die by the age of two. Using restriction endonucleases to cut DNA and inserting the ADA gene into a harmless human virus, scientists at NIH have been able to insert the gene first into mice and finally into chimps with expression of the gene by the host cells. Great care has been taken to produce a viral carrier that will self-destruct to ensure safety. The carrier protein is harvested from a group of cells infected with a virus that has had the viral RNA (which codes for packaging of the RNA) and protein together deleted. The only thing that 02187 BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN I buds off the infected cell membrane is the empty carrier protein. The ADA gene is then spliced into the RNA of Maloney Murine Virus and the RNA sequence that codes for the viral coat protein is deleted to create a virus that is incapable of infecting other cells because it lacks the protein carrier. The viral vector is then formed by packaging the virus which lacks the ability to infect cells into the empty protein coat previously produced. The protein coat is discarded after initial infection of the host cell. There is negligible chance the virus will mutate or acquire the entire protein coding sequence and hence become infectious. . The expression of the ADA gene varies between five per cent and 5000 per cent in different individuals, and there is no need for tremendous efficiency in infecting human cells to achieve therapeutic effect. The disease is lethal without treatment, and the only cells exposed to the treatment will be bone marrow cells which will then be reintroduced into the host through an IV. Application for permission to treat takes more than five months and 12 days and likely requires a year before approval or disapproval. In light of the lethal nature of the disease and minimal biologic risk, I would expect this first attempt at gene splicing in humans to be approved. Because the disease is rare, few individuals will ever be candidates for treatment. We must now decide if we have the wisdom to assume the responsibility for alteration of the human genome and set-up the ground rules for such intervention in the future. �23 S lightly more mundane, but of probably greater immediate import, is the proposal of the Japanese and Americans to map the entire human genome. Armed with computers to store the base sequences, restriction endonucleases to cut DNA, and molecular DNA probes and Southern blots to identify specific base sequences, investigators propose to finish the work of decoding the entire human blueprint. Only about one per cent of that blueprint is active in the adult organism. The rest of the DNA is composed of interons - regions that are translated and then cut out before transcription - and "unused" sequences. These unused regions provide regions for variable expression of DNA in different cells and circumstances. They comprise the genetic heritage that links us with all of the other life forms on the planet. Many of these genes are probably used in the formation of the embryo and then switched off permanently unless they are somehow turned on again as occurs in some cancers. By doing computer homology of the base pairs found in the DNA of different species, scientists have been able to trace the evolution of different enzyme systems and our relationship to other living creatures. There are at least 300 plant compounds with estrogenic effect, and they certainly weren't developed so that we could use them to produce birth control pills or other human hormones. T he most significant change brought on by this new technology will be in the field of prenatal diagnosis over the next decade. CVS (chorionic villus sampling) will allow perinatologists to obtain gestational cells at an early date in pregnancy. Genetic probes specific for single gene defects will allow physicians to screen for those defects. Until now genetic BUFFAID PHYSI¢ 1 ANI diagnosis relied on the ability to measure gene products to identify genetic defects. The problem in early pregnancy was whether those genes were expressed at the same levels throughout pregnancy and whether the screening level was valid or not. The direct analysis of DNA for the involved genes and the evaluation for homozygosity or heterozygosity will obviate this dilemma. The intent of genetic screening is not to cause abortion. It is mainly intended to allow couples to choose if they can accept the responsibility of a child with a major birth defect and help prepare for the birth. The most distressing choice will be abortion, but the information will be helpful to both the obstetrician and mother in avoiding a crash Cesarian section for fetal distress in labor to save a child that is already severely damaged by nature. Screening for birth defects with CVS 02/ 87 �24 ing when appropriate. The simple fact is that we are developing the means to diagnose many major diseases before birth and may some day be able to offer treatment rather than abortion for them. F rrsome think it unnatural to tinker with the human genome; others see genetic engineering as a panacea.'' and gene probes will not become automatic as soon as you enter the obstetrician's office- only two to three per cent of term infants have a major defect and 10 per cent have some identifiable abnormality. Nature does the major job of screening for us with 75 out of every 1,000 fertilized eggs failing to divide or implant properly and another five aborting spontaneously by 14 weeks of pregnancy. About 90 per cent of the 20 per cent that abort after implantation have major chromosomal or structural defects, and 90 per cent of the conceptions with major defects are aborted by the natural process before humans have any hand in the matter. The onus will be on the obstetrician to do a fastidious history for any family history of defects and offer screen- 02181 arthest off and most hopeful is the prospect of treatment for some of these horrible diseases. The first step will be taken with somatic cells and not germ cells using a self-destructing carrier so there will be negligible risk the treatment will be transmitted to the progeny. The next step will be to learn about gene regulation in mammalian embryos. We may then consider treatment of germ cells by gene splicing. If a defect affects the entire organism, there will be no other way to treat efficiently unless you treat early in embryogenesis. Defects causing damage in many tissues and organs will require carriers with tremendous efficiency and innoculum size to achieve therapeutic effect unless treatment is performed in the early embryo. The Ethics Committee of the American Fertility Society has recently published their report on ethical issues in reproductive technology. They have done quite a thorough review of the matter. Most notable is their definition of the preembryo as the organism from conception to 14 days of life. The definition is not supposed to be theological - it merely represents the biologic fact that after this stage of embryogenesis the organism becomes committed enough to individuality that twinning does not occur. It is during this stage of development that most gene splicing and treatment would be possible. T he mapping of the genome has progressed relatively slowly up until now, but mechanization will speed the process tremendously and decrease the risk of introducing human error into it. The switch causing testicular differentiation has recently been identified in the region on the short arm of theY chromosome- without this region the organism becomes female, and with it, male, regardless of whether it is XX or XY. Associated with this is the hypothesis of a critical region on the X chromosome BUFFAID IPHV$1¢1AN) necessary on both X chromosomes for normal ovarian development. These two locations do not contain all the codes that make us male or female, but we think we have found the first switch to start the process. Two other areas on theY chromosome are of unique importance. One is a region on the short arm of the Y chromosome named the pseudoautosomal region. It was previously thought that the X andY chromosome do not undergo crossover, but this region has been shown to exchange genetic material. The clinical importance is that traits in this region on the Y chromosome can be passed to either a son or a daughter from the father where this was thought only to be possible for autosomes before. The other area on the Y chromosome discovered by mapping is a region extending from the short arm of the Y to the long arm present in humans but absent in chimps. It seems to have been translocated from the X chromosome with the sequences reversed and part of the original Y spliced between the two end regions. This region does not seem to undergo crossover and may be the first evidence of a major chromosomal change in the evolution of man. What does the future hold for this new gene technology? Some think it unnatural to tinker with the human genome; others see genetic engineering as a panacea for all ills. In humans it will help us understand ourselves and our diseases and may offer us some hopes for cures. A cancer is very similar to a fetus- if we understand how one turns off the switches, we may be able to manipulate the other. If we can learn to control the switches in bacteria, we may be able to domesticate them and harvest vast crops of sugars, cellulose, oil, and coal. Forget the energy crisis if we farm the "lower" species as well as we do plants and animals. The purpose of life is to reproduce and pass the life force to eternity. After that the code times us to self-destruct and let our progeny follow. We must now decide whether we have the intelligence and responsibility to tinker with the blueprint of humankind. It is not a responsie bility to be taken lightly. �25 HOSPITAL NEWS Sisters Hospital Names New President Hand Care Center Opens S M ister Angela Bontempo, D.C., is the new president and chief executive officer of Sisters of Charity Hospital, Upstate New York's largest Catholic hospital. She takes over from Sr. Eileen Kinnarney, Sisters Hospital president since 1983. Sr. Angela formerly headed St. Mary's Hospital in Troy, N.Y. She is treasurer of the Board of the Daughters of Charity Health Systems East and has been an adjunct professor in the School of Management at Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute. She received her nursing degree from Maria College, Albany, a masters's in hospital administration from St. Louis University, and an M.B .A. from Yale. • ~ ~ Sl § if Sr. Angela Bontempo of Blood, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Hematologic Pathology. He is a member of numerous societies and is a fellow of the American College of Physicians. He chairs the Medical Advisory Board for the WNY Hemophilia Center and the Professional Education Committee of the WNY Chapter of the Leukemia Society of America. An author of 55 journal articles and 17 book chapters, his hematological research is currently funded partly by the NIH . RPMI Cancer Program Approved VAMC Names Logue Chief of Staff V eterans Administration Medical Center in Buffalo has appointed Gerald L. Logue, M.D., as its new chief of staff. That position was earlier held by Andrew Gage, M.D., who is now associate director at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. The professor of medicine and head of hematology at UB since 1982 has been closely associated with Buffalo General Hospital. From 1973 to 1982, he worked at Duke University Medical School and Durham VA Medical Center in North Carolina, where he was associate chief of staff for research. The University of Pittsburgh medical alumnus is a member of the editorial boards T he Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons has designated Roswell Park Memorial Institute as an approved Comprehensive Cancer Program. Roswell Park is the only nonfederal hospital in Western New York having such approval. Established in 1956, the national Hospital Cancer Program encourages participating hospitals to equip and staff themselves so they are able to provide the best in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The program promotes consultation among family physicians, surgeons, pathologists, and other cancer specialists. An integral part of a hospital's cancer program is the tumor registry. Information collected through the registry allows Roswell Park to participate in national studies that are designed to improve patient care. e BUFFAiD (PHYSICIAN I illard Fillmore Hospital and Clayton Peimer, M .D., opened the new Hand Center of Western New York last September. Peimer, the center's director and a UB associate professor of orthopaedics, remarked, "The center offers a coordinated approach to hand surgery, therapy, and rehabilitation." The only center of its kind between Cleveland and New York City, it specializes in upper extremity and micro-surgical reconstruction and rehabilitation, especially from acute trauma or chronic sports-related injuries. The center is a division of the UB School of Medicine, which helped develop the facility. • Children's Forms Home Care Company C hildren's Hospital has formed a new home health care company . The hospital-affiliated Children's Hospital Home Care Company (CHHC) will provide health care products and services to patients receiving certain therapies at home-based and other non-hospital sites. The therapies include high tech infusion therapy, respiratory therapy, and apnea monitoring. Hollis Mahaney , R.N., the new president, will coordinate and market the patient services to provide all home health needs for patients. e (From Children's Hospital's newsletter "Bambino." October 1986.) Sisters Hospital Joins 43 .. Hospital System S isters of Charity Hospital has become part of the largest Catholic not-forprofit health system in the United States in a newly announced coast-to-coast network of 43 hospitals under the direction of the Daughters of Charity National Health System . The action unites the new system's health care facilities ( 15,000 beds) and a large number of other health corporations located in 17 states and the District of Columbia. • 02 / 87 �26 BOOKS ttHOWTO SURVIVE A BASHING'' AN EARLY HISTORY OF CRANIOTOMY - FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE NAPOLEONIC ERA by Louis Bakay, M.D. Springville, ILL., Charles C. Thomas, 168 pp. BY ROSS MARKELLO, M.D. (CLASS OF 1957) "If I see more clearly, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants." -Isaac Newton N ow from the prolific pen of Louis Bakay comes another history of medicine book. Until now there has been little scholarly compilation of the people who developed neurosurgery over the course of two millenia. Louis wrote this book using the Rare Books Section of the Health Sciences Library as the source of most of the material. His own multilingual vocabulary was used for the translations. And the distinctive Bakay wit flavors the prose, making interesting reading of what otherwise might be a "boring" subject. The book falls roughly into three parts- the instruments, the players, the operations. The function of the brain was not generally appreciated until the 1600s though it was known for a long time that a crushing blow to an opponent's head quickly and reliably terminated hand-to-hand combat. Then as now, those who knew and practiced better carefully avoided criticizing in print the Galenic tradition taught for centuries. As Louis writes. "No lesser a person than Aristotle regarded the brain simply as an agent for cooling the heart and preventing it from being overheated. The heart was considered the source of emotions and feeling, an idea which survives in the vernacular to the present." Simple tools, e.g. the dural separator, had been used in Roman times. Drills, bits, and skull fracture elevators were quite good by the end of the Middle Ages and have not been appreciably changed until the introduction of power-driven tools. 02187 ApplicatiOJ repan by Gar n 17 38. The surgeon presses down on the handle with his chin. BUFFAID fPHYSt¢1ANI "!remember a madman (who) was preoccupied with his head and wanted it trephined ... He finally found a surgeon who obliged -but egad, in doing it, he laid open the longitudinal sinus, and the man lost a great quantity of blood ... the man became exceedingly quiet and rational afterwards." "The dura exposed by either trauma or surgery should be covered with strips of Chinese silk dipped in rose oil. Upon the appearance of laudable pus (as compared with the less laudable variety that is darker and smellier), honey should be added to the rose oil 'to cleanse the membranes'." We have heard of Pare and Vesalius, the famous military surgeons. But Louis introduces us to bon vivants such as Berengaria de Carpi ( 1460-1513 ). De Carpi wrote a treatise on the treatment of head injuries which became the neurosurgical gospel for more than a century. (One can't help but notice a fondness for Berengaria by the author, and indeed there were both familial and character similarities.) Others include Fabricus al Aquapendente, Scultetus and Giovanni Andrea Della Croce - all later Renaissance surgeons. Also catalogued with amusing annotations are surgeons from Central Europe, France, and the Mediterranean - Bryzantine and Arab. "Berengaria was not a sterling character. He was a true son of that brilliant but not particularly moral era. While he is painted as a great surgeon, an erudite man of good taste, he is also shown as a scoundrel." Necessity being the mother of invention, as weaponry became more sophisticated, the �27 BOOKS surgeons had to develop new ways of managing injury - from straightforward skull depression to entry of the cranium by increasingly sharper and higher-powered missiles. While the vast majority of craniotomies undertook to manage trauma, by the eighteenth century, hydrocephalus, craniosternosis, and an occasional tumor had been tackled. "The patient was Don Carlos, the young son of Philip !1 who, while in hot pursuit of a kitchen maid, fell on his head. Vesalius trephined him ... probably removing an epidural collection of blood. By the next day Don Carlos was awake ... The seemingly miraculous recovery was attributed to the mummified cadaver of the Francisan friar Diego whose dessicated body was placed next to the dying prince after the operation." Louis has chronicled for us a microcosm of human as well as medical history - the relentless march of civilization, the ultimate triumph of reason, intelligent observation and experimentation. If you like history or medicine, you will find this an enjoyable evening's reading. It should be required reading for the wielders of the trephine. For us laity, it's highly informative entertainment. In the past 40 years several physicians from old Budapest have contributed greatly to our School of Medicine with their Old World charm and scholarship. Louis Bakay has probably done the most pop-med writing. He writes like he does neurosurgery - with class! • Dr. Louis Bakay nzf you like history or medicine, you will find Dr. Bakay's latest work an enjoyable evening's reading. It should be required reading for those who wield the trephine; for the laity, it's highly informative . " entertarnment. Diagram of I 7th cent procedure. BUFFAID !PHYSI¢1ANi niotomy (Dr. Markello. 1s also professor of anesthesiology. Dr Bakay. professor of neurosurgery. served as the Neurosurgery Department cha1rman for 22 years.) 02187 �~ 0 z �29 PEOPLE KENNEDY FOUNDATION HONORS GUTHRIE Developer of PKU test wins international award BY MARY BETH SPINA U B researcher Robert Guthrie, M.D., Ph.D., whose development of the PKU test has prevented mental retardation in thousands of children, has been named a winner of the prestigious Kennedy Foundation International Award. Furthermore, he received two other major honors. This January 29, he was presented with the prestigious Blake Marsh Lecture at a meeting of the Royal College of Psychiatry in London, England. On July 18, he will also receive an honorary doctorate of medicine degree from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, for his pioneering work. The Kennedy Foundation, established in I946 by Joseph and Rose Kennedy in honor of their late son,Joseph Kennedy, Jr., killed in World War II, is the only private foundation in the world which focuses on the p roblem of mental retardation. Its international awards have been presented on five previous occasions since 1962 when then-President John F. Kennedy initiated them. Previous winners include Mother Teresa and psychologist B.F. Skinner. Guth r ie was one of nine to receive the award from Eunice Kennedy Shriver Nov. 17 at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. Shriver, executive vice president of the foundation, desc ribes Guthrie as a "brilliant innovator who initiated the process of postnatal screening for inborn errors of metabolism which led to mental retardation." She pointed out that the Guthrie PKU test, required for newborns in ever y state and all industrialized nations, has saved the lives of thousands of PKU babies worldwide. The PKU test, which utilizes a spot of dried blood taken from the newborn's heel, can determine the presence of phenylketonuria, an inborn error of metabolism which can lead to retardation. Infants identified soon after birch as being unable to properly metabolize the protein food product phenylalanine can then be placed on a special diet to minimize or prevent retardation. T he rest is administered annually to some 3.5 million newborns in the U.S. An estimated 150 million babies worldwide have been rested since the mid-1960s. Since rhe development of the PKU test, BUFFALO ( P HYSI¢1A N I Guthrie and his colleagues have developed other screening tests which utilize a sample of dried blood applied to a special type of paper. Dr. Michael Garrick at UB developed a test for screening for sickle cell anemia. Guthrie also has developed screening tests for galactosemia as well as for maple syrup urine disease, histidinemia, and homocystinuria. In recent years, the modest, tireless professor has been promoting screening tests for lead poisoning. The problem is particularly severe in certain foreign countries where galena, a sulphide of lead, is widely used in a black eyeliner called kohl. Pregnant women who use this popular cosmetic can introduce lead poisoning into the fetus. On the UB faculty since 1958, Guthrie received the M.D. and Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. Although he has never been a practicing physician, his work has benefitted many patients seen in the clinical setting. He has played a major role in planning the Sixth International Symposium on Neonatal Screening which was held in Austin, Texas, Nov. 16-20. e 02 / 87 �30 MEDICAL SCIIOOL NEWS FLOOR PLAN OF E 0 B F c -, A 0 G 0 0 G ROUND 0 With many activities, classes and offices shifting into the spanking new four-floor Cary-Farber-Sherman (CFS) Wing of the Medical School, here is a floor plan to orient you until you've learned to get around. Hopefully, you've already learned the layout of the rest of the Medical School complex. A B C D E F G Outdoor Courtyard CARY HALL Animal Facility Lobby Receiving Student Lockers & Offices Office of Medical Education; Asst. Dean of Curricular Affairs H Offices H 0 0 .... ,,_----'o 0 \ F <j \ c ---- 0 B -, A E 0 I 0 I / .JJ- -- 1ST / A Outdoor Courtyard B CARY HALL C Animal Facility D Lobby E Conference Rooms F Lounges & Study Areas G Interim Offices ofV.P. for Clinical Affairs, Med. School Dean G 0 02/87 BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN! <j �31 MEIJICAL SCHOOL NEWS THE NEW CFS WING B Do c A E F A Outdoor Courtyard B CARY HALL C Animal Facility D Lobby E Interdisciplinary Teaching Labs F Pathology & Microbiology Teaching Labs G Pathology Museum I I D 0 ~ 0 ,______.., 1-------:::1 0 c B --~o D - - - - - - - - - - -1 A A Outdoor Courtyard B CAR Y HALL C Animal Facility D Gross Anatomy Teaching Labs E Embryology & Histology Teaching Labs BUFFAID !P H Y S I ¢ 1 AN ) E 02/ 87 �32 MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS Naughton reelected to AMA deans council V ice President John Naughton, dean of the Medical School, has been reelected to a second three-year term on the Administrative Board of the Council of Deans of the Association of American Medical Colleges. The ten-member board serves as a screening body for issues that face the AAMC and is part of the executive committee that represents all of the AAMC's constituencies. Dr. Naughton is the first board member from UB and is currently the only member from New York State. • Discharge program was first of its kind T he country's first comprehensive educational program on discharge planning was held July 21 to August l by UB's Western ew York Geriatric Education Center. "The greatest learning experience I've had in 25 years"- that was how one health professional summarized her experience at the first National institute for Discharge Planning and Continuity of Care. This two-week course, the first intensive, comprehensive, interdisciplinary learning experience ever designed specifically for professionals in continuity of care, drew professionals from around the country who work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, HMOs, nursing homes and colleges. The course included classroom instruction, a field practicum in which participants observed continuity of care in a setting unlike their own, and an independent study project relating course materials to the student's own experience. Co-sponsoring the precedent-setting program was the private organization, the National Institute for Discharge Planning and Continuity of Care. John Feather, Ph.D., UB research assistant professor of medicine, serves as its co-director as well as the WNY Geriatric Education Center's associate director. The Geriatric Education Center is an HHS- 02187 funded regional center designed to increase professional and faculty education in issues related to aging. It was co-founded by Dr. Evan Calkins, professor of medicine. Faculty represented the wide spectrum in the continuity of care field such as health care administration, social work, nursing, and law. e Red Cross lauds student project T he American Red Cross, Arlington County (Va.) Chapter, wrote a letter to Vice President John Naughton, M.D., commending the UB chapter of the American Medical Student Association (AMSA) for its organization of a very successful bloodmobile at the AMSA's 36th Annual Convention in Arlington. Eddie Phillips, UB's AMSA president, spearheaded the event, with other UB students assisting. Their objective was to dispel the public's fear of contracting AIDS through the act of donating blood. In addition to the 90 units of blood donated by AMSA members at the convention, Phillips was able to get a commitment from numerous other chapters to carry out similar events in their schools. e BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I Students, pare c. I faculty enjoying Family Day actit•ities, October 19, m the lounge of the Medical School's new addition. John I. L _ of Post 78 of the American Legion presenting two $2,000 scholarships to VICe Prcs1dcntjohn Naughton, freshman medical student Bonnie Sunday, and senior medical student Stct>en Domiano .Not'Cmbcr 7, I 986. �33 MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS SLencs from the firs meeting ]ames Platt White Soctety on Not•ember 7, 1986. Members of the new sodet~, all ntaJOr benefactors of the Medical 'ichool, met tuth the dean and his staff in the rcnot a ted Butler auditorium (immediately abotoe) and later had lunLh at the Center for fomorrou on the Amherst Cawtt ftnfJ tJhoto). Support for SEFA up by 8 per cent B esides contributing to the community through education, research, and clinical advances, the UB medical community contributes in another major way: direct giving. The 1986 SEFA Campaign demonstrated the continuing generosity of the Medical School community by ending with $83,000 in donations, 8 per cent ($6,500) over the goal of$76,500. Last year's donations wP.re $69,000. The number of donors also increased, for the first time breaking the 50 per cent mark with a 54.5 per cent Participation rate. The School contributed 22 per cent of the University's total of$374,000. Just as positive is that over the past four years, the Medical School has doubled its total giving, and average gift size has increased to $211. e ilyn GISt Farqt presenting the I ORtl ..... h.D., professor of cell biology and pathology at Yale Vnivers ~• Lecture at the Medtcal School. BUFFAID IPHYStCIAN) OZ/87 �34 ALUMNI Reunions set for May 9 Richard Ament William M. Bukowski Ross Markello Let's all get together May 9, 1987. -William M . Bukowski M.D. 1 47 Theodore C. Flemming William]. Staubitz Harold Castilone We want to see you. Let us make May 9, 1987, the 50 Year Reunion of the Class of' 37, a happy and rewarding event as was june 9, 1937, the day we all received that meaningful Diploma. -Charles F. Banas, M.D. '37 Theodore C. Flemming, M.D. '37 Our 45th Reunion is fast approaching. We look forward to seeing those of you who can be here [or this event. - Richard A m ent, M.D. '4 2 It would be fun to see how we, the School, and Buffalo have changed in 30 years. Love to have you at the 02187 N eal W. Fuhr -Ross Markello, M.D. '57 Harold Casrilone, M.D. '57 William]. Staubirz, M.D. '42 Let's try to make our 35th the best Reunion to date. Please make every effort to attend. Your support is appreciated. -Neal W. Fuhr, M.D. '52 BUFFAID I reumon. PHYSICIA N I �35 ALUMNI Sebastian Fasanello Ian M. Frankfort ]ames P. Giambrone Gregory Young It's hard to believe that 15 years have elapsed since we graduated. Let's gee reacquainted at Spring Clinical Day this coming May. Don't miss our Twenty-Fifth. We need YOU to make it a success. -Sebastian Fasanello, M.D. '62 -Ian M. Frankfort, M.D. '72 Carl W. Ehmann Nedra Harrison We are anticipating a strong turnout for chis year's zoch Anniversary It's inconceivable to me that 10 years have already passed since we graduated. Nedra and I are looking forward to seeing each of you at our reunion this May. of our class. Several class activities are planned and efforts are being made to encourage our out-of-town members to come to Buffalo this spring. -)ames P. Giambrone, M.D. '67 Carl Ehmann, M.D. '67 BUFFAID !PHY51¢1ANI -Gregory Young, M.D. '77 Who seeks and finds that which is beautiful in all people and all things especially renewing old friendships at the roth Year Reunion. -Nedra Harrison, M.D. '77 02187 �36 ALUMNI M ISSING ALUMNI: Please contact the Alumni Office (716-8312778) if you have information on these Alumni. Dr. Frank G. Lockwood Dr. Joseph Presant Dr. Joseph 0. Hayes Dr. Philip L. Reitz Dr. Albert G. Connette Dr. Geraldine Somich Dr. Martin H. Jansen Dr. Gustav Seliger Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Bruce Ettinger Dennis Goldfinger Adele Gottschalk Harold W. Grotsky Melvin Pisetzner ANNUAL SPRING CLINICAL DAY Medical Alumni Association Saturday, May 9, 1986 Stockton Kimball Lecture: James Holland, M.D. inter, nationally knoum oncologist, Albert Lasker Awardee and former UB Medical School Professor. Scientific Sessions Exhibits Stockton Kimball Luncheon Spouses Program Class Reunions Watch your mail for more information. Dr. Christopher oell Dr. Glenn L. Post Dr. Keith L. Barnard Dr. Elsburgh Clarke Dr. Carin Craig Dr. Mark P. DeMarie Dr. Mindy Friedman Dr. Richard E. Hafner Dr. Phyllis lanuzzi Dr. Genevieve Losonsky Dr. Hera Y. Nahar Dr. James Norcross Dr. Rodney A. Parker Dr. James Peng Dr. Elizabeth Read Dr. Sharon L. Sageman Dr. Janet Shalwitz Dr. Cheryll Smith Dr. Harold H. Warren Dr. Marciana Washington Dr. Gary Wasserman Dr. Floyd W. White 02187 1 he Medr.:al Alumnr Uoternmg Board )tanc to rr~;ht: Dr. joseph E Gnjfm, Dr. john A RKhert ( Asmtant Dwn), Dr. john K Qurnlwan, Dr. ~orman ( hassm, Dr. ( :armelo S Armenra, Dr Frank] Bolgan, Vr C harlts]. Trrone, Pr fost.ph L Kunz. :;eatt.d, left to right· Or. Charles I I annt-r. Dr. John Naughton (Dean, School of Medrune), Dr. john £ Prnluckr, nr Frnnklrn J.pnfnOI t~ Dr. Paul H. Wrerzbrenrt.c BUFFAID I PHYSIC IAN I �37 EUREKA Continued from page 7 bacterial agent might do the job." So he devised a novel therapeutic device that can be implanted in the gum to kill the periodontal disease-causing bacteria. So far, Anbar has written a patent disclosure for it and has discussed the new concept with several companies. An bar has two other dental inventions inspired by his "oral" experiences. The second is a patented dental adhesive that seals fillings to teeth like a "super glue." Called polyphosphonate, the polymer has proved effective in the lab. The third invention is a hydrophobic fluoridereleasing polymer for use as a cavityfighting dentifrice. Colgate-Palmolive now has the patent rights. Anbar's experience during the energy crisis of the mid-1970s led to a major invention. "My family and I were camping with our recreational vehicle one day and I got tired of the incessant loud noise of the electrical generator needed to run the appliances. It got me thinking about quieter alternatives." His quiet alternative is a new electricity-generating process that burns coal using lead oxide but with no oxygen. The result is a lowpollution method that directly creates electricity with a cheap fuel. "It was competitive with nuclear energy or nonpolluting conventional power sources during the mid-1970s, but interest in the invention subsided with the economics of the 1980s." The first director of UB's Health-Care Instruments and Devices Institute (HIDI), Anbar has 20 or so inventions, most of them patented. D aniel Bednarek, associate professor of radiology, had an inspiring idea. The result was the creation of an optical density comparator, which is used to measure the density of X-ray film after it has been developed. Bednarek's comparator allows radiologists to easily check processing equipment for quality control. Does the film have the same darkening or lightening? If not, the equipment can be adjusted or repaired. But, states Bednarek, "The idea was perhaps too good. The device is so simple and inexpensive, no one is interested in marketing it." It still has some possibilities, though. Bednarek comments, "There might be a need for it in a dentist's office or a small radiographic facility, where there isn't a need for a thousand dollar piece of equipment (a densitometer) with minutely accurate readings." • --~---------------------------------------------------------------NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO 2210 BUFFALO. N.Y POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE BUFFAID PHYSICIAN 139 Cary Hall State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14214-9980 1••• 11.1 •• 1•• 1.1 ••• 11.1 •• 11.1 •• 1.1 •• 1•• 1.11 ••••• 1.11 �BUFFAID I P H Y s c A N I State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo. New York 14214 Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage PAID Buffalo, N .Y. Permit No. 311 Address Correction Requested C. K. FUANG BA 57 TREEBROOK CT. ~ILLIA~SVILLF NY 14221 Fill out this card (Please print or type all entries) Name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - M.D. __ Ph.D.__ Year Received _ _ __ Office Address HomeAddress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ If not UB, M.D. or Ph.D. received from In Private Practice: Yes D No D Specialty In Academic Medicine: Yes 0 No D Part Time o Full Time D School _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ Title Other: Professional Society Memberships News: Have you changed positions. published, been involved in civic activities. had honors bestowed. etc? _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Please send curriculum vitae, clippings, publications. or announcements. also include a photo of yourself. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. 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Inventor AIDS Research Computers in Medicine Mapping the Genome Hospital News Books People Alumni Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-27 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v20n05 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. New York (State) -- Buffalo Is Format Of A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format. Journals and magazines (periodicals) Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1987 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/68d44fc8cdf340f947369ea2e298ea50.pdf fd1cbfdacc5ab1dbd8654b8421e615ea PDF Text Text p H y s C A N DECEMBER19 VOLLME ZO,NUMBER4 ----- $19millionaddition triplesschool's facilities �BUFFAID ( P ► Y S I C ~ Ii] Dean's Message D iTAff EXE( L'TIVE WITOR, LI IVER ITT PUBLI A Tl ) Robert T drlett BUFFALO PHYstCIA Brue Kershner EDIT R ART I IRl:CT R Im J. 'egler PH )T )GRAPHY Ph\ II t hr t ph r Dougla Levere Ed,' wak Fran~1 peck r Mr Ke1,m( rui: Ir h C ha" Dr J hn Prz~luck, Dr ) hn h hr Ms Karen Dr J 1r J Dr [)r Ja Dr H Dr Dr l>r Or 1r i Ir Or TEACUI G HO 'PIT ALS The Ruffalo Gen rnl ear Friends of The School of Medicine: This issue of the BuffaloPhysicianfeatures the new addition to the Medical School complex on the Main Street Campus. The opening of this modern new wing fulfills a promise and a dream which has possessed the faculty and administration of the School of Medicine since the University of Buffalo joined the State University of New York in 1962. It seems fitting that the new struccure should open as we celebrate our 25th anniversary as a major publicly supponed medical school and university. The new addition will provide a modern centralized animal facility which will expand the capacity for animal research by over 20,000 square feec. The remainder of the facility will, in large pan, be devoted co the enhancement and conduct of medical student and graduate student education. It will provide modern space in which to conduct laboratory education and for faculty to introduce new methodologies to the educa­ tional mission. Just as important, badly needed suppon space will be provided for faculty and students which should be conducive to improved student-faculty interactions and to modem suppon services including teaching carrels, multidisciplinary teaching, and computer· assisted instruction. Some of the educational space in this complex will also complement che services provided by the Health Sciences Library. Obviously, chis is an exciting period for the School of Medicine, hue the work has just begun. Once this complex is opened, Farber Hall will be closed and the next phase of renovation and modernization will begin. By lace 1989or early 1990, new teaching and research space will become available for some of the basic science departments. On behalf of the faculty, students and administration, I wish to thank our many benefactors who have made the new addition a reality. These include the local university administration, SUNY-Ccnttal adminiscra· tion, the SUNY Board of Trustees, the Western ew York Legislative delegation and the government and citizens of ew York State. In addition, the dedication and commitment of the faculty, former and present medical students and their families, and the ongoing suppon and contributions of a faithful alumni have all contributed to this effon. With your continued support and the School's perpetuation of a 140 year old tradition and commitment, the future looks bright indeed! Sincere!:,, John Naughton, M.D. Vice PresidentfO'I'ClinicalAffairs Dean,Schoolof Medicine l h1ldrcn° Ene iunty Mcd1e,1lCenter , ierq Mill m.1hllmore R, "ell I', rk Mcm ,nal In urut<· 11rsotChm 1eran Admm1 1ra11on Med, al .emer Pmdu cd /t1 rhe Dn, 10n uf Puhl, Aff.irrs, H,irf)' R }a k m, dire wr, ,n r >erar, n ..,ch che hi ~•I nt Med, rm•, rare l nnersrr1 of e" rork r Buftal> l lO, A Message From The Medical Alumni Association I am pleased to report that our 1986 Stockton Kimball lecturer, Or. George Hatem, was one of the recipients of this year's Alben Lasker Research Awards. The citation for his Award said he made "legend­ ary contributions to the conquest of venereal disease and the eradicanon of leprosy in China" and his accomplishments "made medical history and improved the health and well-being of 800 million people." LnJanuary we are ho ting a reception in San Francisco. We are looking forward to meeting alumni from the area and alumni who will be attend· ing the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons meeting. I would like to take this opponunity to encourage you to contribute to the success of the Medical Alumni Association by becoming a dues­ paying member. John E. Prulucki, M.D. '73 President �CONTENTS 2 1 THE CFS ADDITION • The newest milestone in the 140-year history of the medical school's buildings has just been reached with the opening of the new Cary-Farber­ Sherman addition. Associated stories: 140 Years of Medical Buildings - Page 7; Legacy of School Imprinted on Other University Buildings - Page 11. AIDS • They may be at opposite poles when it comes to their theories, but AIDS researchers are in agreement on at least one point: don't raise false hopes. HAYFEVER• Sometimes it's the little things in life - like ragweed - that bother you. Robert Reisman, M.D., has been researching new treatments for the estimated 18 million hayfever sufferers in the U.S. Related stories: The Medical Editor as Guinea Pig - Page 21; Dr. Reisman's Work on Immunization Against Insect Stings - Page 23. STUDENTS • 16 Class of 1990 is the most female & the oldest in Medical School history. MEDICAL SCHOOL EWS • 17 Facilitiesfor Dental School, Health Sciences Library are dedicated. ALUMNI • 28 M.D. stands for mother• daughter in the case of Ors. Helen Sikorski and Camille Hemlock. PEOPLE • 35 Dr. Elliot F. Ellis named president of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology. Other news of people you know. HOSPITALNEWS• 31 CLASSNOTES • 32 DEATIIS • 34 EXERCISE • 25 Cancer / Exercise link established. Exercise seen as aid for CF patients. 12 6 �....... II C--F--S ADDillON MARKS NEW ERA BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER T he newest milestone in the 140-year history of the Medical School's buildings has just been reached with the opening of the new Cary­ Farber-Sherman Addition. Attached to the west side of Cary Hall, and bridged to Farber Hall, the modern building enlarges the School's headquarters net space by 39 per cent. The new 19 million building is the cornerstone of the Medical School's expan­ sion program and is just the first of a three­ phase construction plan. The CFS Addition, as it is presently ab­ breviated, includes a wide range of facilities, some hifted from other locations, others totally new. It houses the new animal facilities, a host of teaching labs, student �3 PHOTOFAANOSsPEO<ER12 0 �4 services and act1vtt1es,seminar and con­ ference rooms, lounges, a pathology museum, and administrative office space. Directing and monitoring the three­ phase con truction program is Associate Vice President for Clinical Affairs Donald Larson, Ph.D., and John Moran, Ph.D., a istant to the dean for facilitiesplanning. Dr. Moran i also associate professor of biochemistry. They act as liaison between the School and the S Y Consrruction Fund in Albany, the architect, and campus architectural services. "The new building represents a tremen­ dous contribution on the part of the citizens and the State of ew York and heralds a new day in our educational pro­ gram for current and future studies," states Vice President John aughton, M.D., dean of the Medical School. "It hould create an environment in which learning the fundamental requirements of medicine will be more stimulating, plea ant, and effective. "The new facility will also enable ac­ tivities of both the clinical and basic science faculty to be better integrated, which will also benefit tudents' educational ex­ periences," comments Dr. aughton. "It will enhance our ability co apply the lessons of the GPEP Report" (the national study that recommended sweeping changes to enhance medical education into the 21st Century.) T he Central Animal Facility is the ingle largest occupant of the new building, claiming just under half of the CFS Addition. Located in its orth Wing, "it is now one of the largest animal facilities in the nation," remark its director, Shaheen akeeb, Ph.D., D.V.M. "It occupies 41,000 net square feet and has 113 animal room ." The new facility will benefit both the animals and the researchers who use them. "It modem housing and equipment pro­ vide the best environmental controls for the healch and comfort of the animal, e.g., ventilation, heating, lighting, and hygiene," explains Dr. akeeb. "For the first time, there are also indoor exercise runs for dogs." The outdoor runs on the Farber Hall roof will be a thing of the past, 12 along with their weather-related disadvan­ tages. For the faculty, the animal unit's greatest benefits lie in it modem equipment and in it convenient proximity. "Of great impor­ tance are its cace-of-che-artsurgery and X-ray rooms, which contain modem equip­ ment and services chat are ideal for all researchers, whether campus- or hospital­ based. ever available before are specially designed animal room for infectious disease and for particular projects with special needs. The absence of these wa a big handicap in the past," akeeb comments. The unit' central location will serve the faculty better. "Everything will be conve­ nient and in one place. There11 also be less duplication of support services." The facility provides housing for all the animals, which until now have been kept in separate labs throughout the Cary­ Farber-Sherman Complex. Although the aim is co centralize a many of the Universi­ ty's animal labs as po ible, ho pical-based animal units with small animal will remain at several teaching ho picals. A nocher of the immediate benefits of the new building is the improvement of student instruction, states Dr. Larson: "The new facilities will offer more oppor­ tunities for innovation in the curriculum." Comprising its educational facilities are 20 basic science teaching laboratories, as well a four seminar room . Ten of the labs are for microbiology and pathology, seven are for histology and embryology, and others are interdisciplinary, for use by physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry and biophysics. The new Gro Anatomy Lab also has state-of-the-art storage and support facilities associated with it. Demon tration rooms for anatomy, em­ bryology, and histology accompany the labs. The new wing, which will now become the focus of student life, represents a big boost to medical student activities. "It will definitely enhance the quality of student life," emphasizes Dr. Larson. The most prominent feature is a large comfortable student lobby and lounge. Student locker rooms, offices for student organizations, BUFFAID jPHV$ 1 ¢1AN I and a new Office of Medical Education are additional features, along with 60 study carrels (desk stalls). Among the conference rooms is the new Lippschutz Room, replacing the old one at Cary 131-133.Lounges for faculty and staff are ocher new features never previously available. "These facilities will greatly �5 The four-floor CFS Addition totals 99,540 square feet of net u able space such as classrooms, offices, lounges, and labs. It expands by 38.6 per cent the net total area of the Medical School's headquarters, in­ creasing it from 258,07l square feet (for the existing Cary-Farber-Sherman complex) to 357,611 net square feet. When hallway , stairs, and such are included, the gro area of the addition is 178,703 quare feet, representing a 43.2 per cent increase in gros square footage. The co t of the new addition totals $19 million, while the just completed recladding of Cary, Farber, and Sherman Halls co t 7.1 million. The ongoing renovation of Farber Hall (only} i estimated to co t another $14 million. enhance the ability of campus-based and hospital-based faculty to socialize and interact as part of the University community," said Dr. Moran. T he interim headquarters for the School's administrators will occupy part of the new building until Phase 3 of the construction is completed. Until that time, the CFS addition willbe the home for Vice President and Dean aughton and his staff: Associate Vice President Larson; Associate Dean for Alumni Affairs and Registrar John Richert, Ph.D.; Assistant Dean for Financial Affairs Anthony Campanelli; and all of their administrative and secretarial staff. The Medical Alumni Association will be housed there as well. One unique feature is a new Pathology Museum that includes a historically valuable collection of pathology slides dating back to the 1930s.Part of the collec­ tion comprises the valuable historical legacy of Dr. Komel Terplan, who pio­ neered preservation techniques for brain specimens that make his slides among the finest in the world. They were created in the Children's Hospital's Brain Pathology Lab that the 91-year-old Dr. Terplan has operated for 56 years. ''Anotherof the immediatebenefitsof thenew buildingis the improvementof studentinstruction. The new fadlitieswill offe:ropportunities far innovationin __ ___:.1 " t he CUTTLCULUm, MedicalSchool officialspointout. T he history of the construction can be traced to 1974. At that rime, under then Vice President for Health Sciences and acting Medical School Dean F. Carter Pannill (currently professor of medicine), a master plan recommended that changing demands of the School required additional space and facilities for students, faculty, ad.mini tration, and conferences. The new Medical School facility was just one part of a larger expansion program undertaken by the SUNY Construction Fund that en­ compasses the just completed Health Sciences Library (see separate article) and BUFFAID !PHvS 1 ¢ 1 AN I the relocation of the Dental School out of Farber Hall and into its new headquarter , Squire Hall. The Dental School had shared Farber with the Medical School since 1953. Medical School con truction began in 19 3 with groundbreaking for the new ad­ dition. The first milestone was completion of the newly renovated Butler Auditorium in Farber Hall, which received it first cla during thi fall 1986 semester. The 2138-seatauditorium is now the school's primary lecture hall. It features a number of modern accoutrements uch as a sophisticated audiovisual system, con­ tinuous benching and "down lighting" which illuminates desks when the room is darkened. "The new Butler Auditorium is now a first class lecture facility," comments Dr. Moran. Besides the Buder Auditorium, the ju t­ completed first stage of the construction in­ cluded the new CFS Addition, recladding and new windows for Farber, Cary and Sherman Halls, and an addition to Sher­ man Hall with a tank farm and compressor house to upport the hyperbaric research facility operated by the Phy iology Depart­ ment. In addition, a tate-of-the-art chemical torage building services all the health science departments. The second part of the construction is ongoing and includes renovation of most of Farber Hall, including the space that the Dental School recently vacated when they moved into Squire Hall (see eparate article). Completing renovation on the remain­ ing parts of Farber, Sherman, and Cary will comprise the third part of the construction project. Thi phase will include the new Harry G. Laforge Center, named after the UB alumnus and emeritus faculty professor who attracted millions of dollars to the School. The new center, to be located on the fir t floor of Cary Hall's north wing, will function as a continuing medical education center, with exhibition pace, several seminar rooms, and a major conference theater. The new theater will be con­ structed from the existing Lippschutz Room together with Room 135. Comple­ tion is expected in 1989. The late Dr. Eugene Lippschutz will continue to be commemorated in the naming of a new conference room in the CFS Addition. �6 "Phase 3' other longer-term benefits will be to allow us to modernize facilities for research and graduate and undergraduate education," Dr. Moran comments, adding, "Farber Hall will also have modernized heating and air conditioning, a change that will be enjoyed by all." D r. Moran points out that many people deserve thanks for their efforts throughout the 12-year-long process since the project wa conceived. "Among those, we are grateful to the professional efforts of individuals in Architectural Services, Design and Con truction, the S Y Con­ struction Fund, and the Capital Equip­ ment Division." The new building will be referred to for the time being a the Cary-Farber-Sherman (CFS) Addition, a cumbersome named used for construction purposes. lf or when that name will be changed is the respon- sibility of the UB Council. "It should also be noted that neither we nor anyone in the Medical School are responsible for the new building's interior color scheme," Dr . Larson jests, adding, "The colors were chosen by the architect." Color preferences aside, it seem ironic that the future benefits of the construction should be so eloquently summarized by a medical student who will have graduated by the time it i all completed. One medical tudent, a member of the UB Medical Student Association, Polity, wrote in it spring 1985 newsletter "Pulses": "The sound of construction drills and hammers will reverberate through the halls of the Medical School for a number of years to come. The Class of 1989will encounter a new world with facilities vastly different from the ones currently enjoyed at UB. Both inside and out, the Medical School is transforming into a modem research and teaching facility for the 1990s." • A Quick Sketch of the Medical School 's New Building, The CFS Addition South Wing : Floo r 3: Demonstration room and seven embryology / histology lab - - /I Floor 2: IO reaching labs for microbiology and pathology, seminar room Floor 1: Offices for VP/Dean and hi taff Ground Floor: Offices orth Wing: Floor G through 3: Animal facilities Floo r 3: Gro anatomy lab and support services Floor 2: Interdisciplinary labs and a lounge Floo r 1: Student carrels Faculty & staff lounges Conference rooms, including Lippschutz Room Floo r l and Ground Floo r: Student lounge & lobby Ground Floo r: Student lockers Student organization offices Office of Medical Education Offices for Associate Dean for Curricular and Academic Affair and his staff 12 6 BUFFAID jPHY$1¢ 1 AH J �7 T 140Yearsof MedicalBuildings he new Medical hool addition i only the lac t in a series of Medical hool buildings that go a far back a l year . In the fall of 1845, a group of young lawyers and doctor met in a mall officeon Main rreet co discusscreation of Buf­ falo' fir t medical school, the Univer icy of Buffalo. One of tho e present, Austin Flint, r., M.D., convinced chem co incorporate as a true univer ity, not solely a a medical college, as would otherwise have occurred. His foresight paved the way for the new in titution to later expand ic ope into a large univer icy offering a diver icy of degree . The Univer ity of Buffalo wa formally reared in Augu t, l 6, with the edical Department a it only unit. le wa an auspi­ ciou period, for two months later in another city, what may be the mo t important event in American medicine occurred - the fir t demon tra­ tion of the alleviation of pain during urgery. The new chool' dean, Frank H. Hamilton, it regisrrar Au tin Flint r., the treasurer James Platt White, and five other phy icians served a its first faculty. All but one of chem are now enshrined on UB' campus in the names of its roads (see accompanying article). They chose a their fir t building a rented, remodeled old "edifice," the First Baptist Church located at the northeast corner of Seneca and Washington Streets. That site i now occupied by an immense hole, that i , the construction site for the proposed Pilot Field baseball stadium. UB's and the Medical School's first course wa taught in that temporary classroom on February 24, 1847, to (:I) BY BRUCE S. KER H ER medical tudent . 1 The school' fir t graduation occurred on June 16, 1847,with 17 men receiving medical degrees. Incredible as it was to be able to earn an M.D. in less than four month , admi ion requirements and fee were also astonish­ ingly minimal. Admission was on the ba i of a certificate chat was essentially a high school equivalency. Fees totaled 112 for the entire semester, including matriculation ( 3), ruition and dissections ( 70), and room, board, and fuel ($39). That temporary Medical School head­ quarter not only made UB hi tory a its fir t building, it was also the fir t in the City of Buffalo's history to be used for higher education. 2 The building was used for three years while the faculty sought out a new building. They selected a site at the southwest comer of Main and Virginia Street . Completed in 1849, it co t 15,tXlO, all of it "donated by BUFFAID !PH'l'$ 1 ¢1ANI public-spirited citizen who were, in the main, elf-made men." 3 randing on that ite today i a nearly vacant retail tore building, once previously a public library. An historic metal plaque identifies the ice as the old Medical hool building. hortly after the 1 9 building was con eructed, a milestone in medical hi tory took place within it. In its basement janitor's quarter on January l , I 50, wa performed the first clinical demonstration of obstetrics in history.·' Or. Jame White' lecture to hi medical student on midwifery and the actual live demonstration of childbirth under their observation not only made UB the first to demon crate the now-fundamental ubject, but also caused a national concro er y. The incident erupted into the public eye, resulting in searing editorials, public ca tigations, and a lengthy libel suit! Or. White, of course, ultimately triumphed. Many other historic event occurred while the School was based in its second headquarters over the en uing 43 years. Dr. Flint introduced the binaural tethoscope to America and discovered that typhoid is a water-borne disease. John C. Dalton, Jr., M.O., was the first physiologi tin America to illustrate lectures with animal vivisec­ tions as a teaching method. Dr. Hamilton performed the world's first successful free skin graft. These are only a few of the achievement of the early history of the UB medical school and it outstanding, widely­ regarded founding faculty members. T he 1880sand '90s brought a flurry of changes and challenges to UB. For the first 40 years of its exi tence, UB and 12 6 �8 the Medical School were one and the same; no other school exi ted. The changes began in 1886 when the College of Pharmacy was created, followed in 1887 by the Law School as well as the Department of Veterinary Medicine {which folded soon after due to financial difficulties). The Dental Schoo l was formed in l 92. The challenge were represented by the founding of not ju t one but five new competing medical school in Western cw York . UB was the sole medical school until 1879, when three other medical colleges formed. Two more opened in 1880 and 1883. All had gone out of business by 1884 except that run by iagara University. Instead, it merged its faculty and programs into UB and closed its doors in 189 . Another kind of change developed in 1891, when the UB Council determined that yet another new building should be erected . "Through the energy and untiring industry of . . . Dr. Charles Cary, a suffi­ cient sum of money was obtained to (begin) erection of the new building." Two years and $150,000 later, the third headquaners of ,the School was constructed. Located at 24 l-1.ighStreet its campu i now occupied by the Towne House Hotel and Restaurant next to Buffalo General. The old Medical Schoo l building was sold to the Buffalo Catholic Institute for $67,750, which helped co defray the costs of the new con- 12 6 truction. The new, largely fireproof brick building occupied a urface of 12,000square feet {215 feet in front, 78 feet on the east side, and 9 feet on the west side). It contained a main amphitheatre (Alumni Hall), with seating for 400; two slightly smaller lecture room ; recitation room , and other lecture rooms. It also served as the home of the Pharmacy and Dental schools. The new building must have been quite a "monument," if one is to believe the Medical School's announcement: 4 1tgivesthefacultyof the institunonthe greatestpleasureto make chisannounce­ ment, becausethey feel chat they have the most casceful., a:,mfonableand best arrangedmedicalcollegeedifice in the United rates; perhaps even in the world. . . 1t is built in accordancewith BUFFALO jPHv$1¢ 1 AN j ''The MedicalSchool was located at 24 HighStreet.But...its 'campus'was l.ocated directly opfx>site in the tavernof the German-American Brewerywith its 1Oct beerand free lunch.'' �9 ~ g 5 j ~ ~ ___ _:-,..-_ ... _,c;:--t ~ ~ ~ ite. One of the homes of Joseph Ellicott (the "founder" of Buffalo) rood for 70 years on the exact iceof the High treet Medical hool location. While the new campu was being planned, Ellicott' home wa moved to Amher t treet where it wa enlarged. The Univer ity acquired chi newly vacant parcel for 22,275, con idered a fair price.6 Five year after the hool' High treet headquarter were completed, the hool literally "gave birth" to what wa to become the fir c cancer research center in the world. UB Professor of urgery Ro well Park a ked for the tace to fund a cancer research lab and in 1 9 , the .Y. tate Pathological Laboratory, the early Ro well Park Memorial Institute, wa housed in the Medical School itself. In 1901, it wa moved to a separate building, UB' Gratwick Research Lab. Roswell Park In titute i till a UB teaching ho pital. -=== -=----.-~ ~ ~ ___________________________________ the most modem ideas of heating, plumbing,andventilation. le is finished entirely with terra ama, pressedbrick, ironand hard wood,than which nothing can be more attractive,and has been so tastefullydesignedandso well built that it is now pointed coas one of the most attractive buildingsof any kind outside of ew York City. While the description of the building wa lofty, one description of the campu was earthy: The MedicalSchoolwas locatedac 24 High treec.Bueperhapsa morerealistic appraisal was that its "campus" was locateddirectlyopposite- in the tavern of the German-American Brewery. With the purchaseof a schoonerof beer for 10 cents, the Brewerysuppliedto its students andfarulry. .. pickled herring, __. peasoup, small franks, fair-sizedham­ burgers,picklesgalore,a mountainof rye breadon aiery table,not to mention the celery, olives, red radishes,and sliced onions.Includedin this nominalJeeof I 0 cents were che use of spoons,knives, forks, and papernapkins,but alwaysac­ companiedwith the plea "do nocremove the silverware from the premises." cudentsmadegooduseof their ''captive audience" situation with faculty. o matter howfaculty longedcoescapefrom the smell of onions and garlic reeking fromstudents always eager! pursuing them co ask endless questions, the nominal price and huge quantities of goodfood proved coostrongan incentive to forego.5 Few are aware chat the hoot's third new headquarter stood on a very hi toric BUFFAID jPHvS1C1A I ~ 0 nly 16 year after the High treet headquarters were built, plan were already being laid for what wa to become UB' Main Street (now South) Campu . Between 1909 and 1919, UB purchased mo t of the land for the future campu , to be located in the northea t comer of Buffalo. Part of the land that was sold to UB wa the infamous Erie County Poorhouse and IZ 6 �1 Hospital (once branded a "The Snakepit of Buffalo"), and referred to al o a the in ane asylum and aim hou e. The ho pital (not related to today's Erie Counry Medical Center) provided medical care on ly for the home's resident . In 191 , part of the ho pital burned, an event which led to the transfer of it patients to the newly con­ structed Buffalo City Ho pita! at Grider Street, later renamed Erie County Medical Center. A new building was constructed for the institution in Alden, where it i now known a the Erie Counry Home and Infir­ mary. ln 1922, the new campu ' fir t building, rhe School of Pharmacy's Fa ter Hall, wa constructed adjacent to the former Erie Counry Poorhouse. The Medical School did not relocate to the new campus until 31 years later. In 1950,a new "Medical-Dental Building" was proposed for the Main treet Campu . With groundbreaking in April 1951, it wa conceived to maintain the high tandards of the schools and to be flexible in keeping pace with the rapid strides in medicine. ks promoters included the Medical Alumni Association President William Orr (M.D. 12 6 '20), Stockton Kimball, and Chancellor amuel Capen, among other . The new Medical chool headquarter were dedicated on December 12, 1953, with obel Laureate Charles Best, the discoverer of in ulin, presiding over it ym­ posium. At a cot of 4.1 million, it cot more than all previou campu building combined. It wa also one of the 12 largest medical school building in America at the time. Its first classes were held in Fall 1953. First called the Medical-Dental Building, it was soon renamed Capen Hall, in honor of the di tinguished chancellor and holar who brought UB into the modem era. About two decades later, the new orth Campus wa opened and it largest building and UB' headquarter took the name Capen Hall. 1n December 1974, the edical School building wa renamed Farber Hall, after B alumnu idney Farber, M.O., a cancer pioneer. T he rapid growth of the Medical School soon exceeded the capaciry of the new building. In 1959, the fir t major BUFFAID jPHvS•¢1A j expansion wa completed, a four-story wing known as herman Hall. At a co t of 1.6 million, it expanded the hool' building pace by 46 per cent . It wa named after DeWitt Sherman, a UB medical alum­ nus and pediatrician with many hi torical achievements (see accompanying article on building names). One year later, another major addition wa completed, expanding the Medical School complex by 53 per cent to 415,000 gross square feet. Fir t known as the Health iences Building, it wa renamed Cary Hall after Charles Cary, UB medical alum­ nu and faculty member who cofounded the hool' High rreet headquarters in I 93. Except for a mall addition to Farber Hall in 1963, the new complex atisfied the need of the School for more than cwo decad . In 1974, however, the same year that Farber Hall was renamed, the new CFS Addition was conceived and pro­ posed. Thirteen year later, it became a reality. Looking over the hoot' hi tory, one hopes chat the new addition will atisfy the chool's needs well into the 21 t Century. • Bibliography I. 2. J. 4. Umv. of Buffalo lru Alumni Yearbook, I Q • Niagara Fronuer, p. 55. Ne" York ate Medical journal, , 'o, . 5. 1955. F,ftv-Third Annual Announcement of the Uru,er-,1ryof BuffaloMedical [kparrmem (Buffalo, Gu.,, Co .. I ). 5. Goccheb, Dr. Bernhardt. "The Medical hool of 1930." Buffalo Medical &ueu , pnng I , p. ~6. 'Y Buffalo hool of Med,nne. Th1>is an early edn:ion of what was lacer renamed BuffaloPh)<ICUln .) 6. Park, Julian, IQJ7. A Hutory of the L'n1<,,.,1hof Buffalo . Buffalo Historical 1ery, Vol. XXJI.,pp. Q-11. �11 MEDSCHOOLLEGACY LNES IN BUILDINGNAMES ON BarH CAMPUSES BY BRUCE S. KER HNER N ot often realized is that the legacy of the School of Medicine ha been literally imprinted on many ocher University building not normally a sociated with che Medical School. This legacy exist in the names of the building themselves. In fact, one our of four of UB's building (that were named after a person*) have names associated with Medical School personalities. Similarly, almost half of the names of University roads (on both campuses) are of people associated in one way or another with the Medical School. This is due in pan to the fact that UB was the medical school during the first 40 years of it exi tence and that its founder included many physicians. But the names selected for Univer ity building also include those of people who have lived up to the la t 25 years. 1t seems appropriate that UB' South Campus, which includes all but one of the health profession schools, has seven, or 32 per cent of its buildings named after Medical School people.* oc surprisingly, the Medical School's buildings are among those so named, e.g., Drs. Cary, Farber, and Sherman are alumni, faculty, benefac­ tor , or research pioneers of the School. Examples of ocher South Campus buildings with medical-associated names are Beck, Kimball and Wende Halls (see accompany­ ing Table for details}. Six buildings on the onh Campus are named after people tied co the Medical School (e.g., Baker, Bell, Hochstetter), representing 22 per cent. However, 63 per cent of onh Campu roadsare named after medical personalities. They include mo c of che founders of the Univer ity (Drs. Hint, Coventry, White, Hamilton, Hadley, and Lee) as well as its first woman alumnu (Dr. Moody). Of course, other school and di iplin left their imprint on campu buildings, too. The next largest number of building were named after businessmen who were bene­ factor to other schools ofUB (9); attorney or Law hoot alumni (9); and politician or administrators (5). Figures associated with the fields of art, humanities, civi affairs, pharmacy, dentistry, inventions, philanthropy, engineering and early Buffalo history also contributed one to several names of building . Complicating the count i the fact that some people fall into several categories. For example, Edmund Hayes (of Hayes Hall) wa a military general, a UB administrator, and benefactor. • *&cfuckdfrom 1/wartim ar~ ch,, Ii or so bu,/dmgsof IJBno< namtd after spt,afic mdwidual.s,.rudi as Sen:ia Caut:r Bwldmg,AlumniArenaor Cmter ForTomorrou. South Campus Sherman Hall (and Sherman Road) Cary Hall BUFFAID jPHv51¢1ANI DeWitt herman, UB medi al alumnu (I 90s),also professor of pediatric in 1909. In trumental in getting pediatrics recog­ nized as an independent teaching discipline, expanded Children' Ho pita! from a 16-bed co a 200-bed facility and was among the first to win admittance for medical students to ho pita! wards for reaching purpo es. Hi and hi wife' will provided for che con trucrion of a new Medical hool building by chi name. Their endowment fund in 1977 enriches the School's medical reaching programs. (Home of part of Medical hool) Charles Cary, M.D., UB medical alumnu , professor of anatomy and medicine (1 78-1911),a brilliant reacher and benefa tor. Helped establish the hool' third new building (1893). (Home of part of the Medical School) 12 d, �12 Kimball Tower Farber Hall Beck Hall How e Re earch Lab Heyd Drive Wende Hall tockton Kimball, UB Medical School dean (1946-195 ), and nationally known medical educator and community lead r. (Home of Schools of ur ing and Health Related Profes ions) idney Farber, B medical alumnu (1923), whose discoverie in chemotherapy of cancer and hi definition of total care of children with cancer are regarded a great milestones in cancer research and care. (Central building of the Medical School) Edgar Beck, UB medical alumnus (1919), associate professor of clinical medicine and Buffalo General phy ician until his death in 1969. (Home of the Department of Medicine' Geriatri / Gerontology Divi­ sion, the Y Geriatric Education Center, and the etwork in Aging of Y, Inc.) Lucien Howe, M.O., profe sor of ophthalmology for 30 year and president of Buffalo Academy of Medicine. Co­ founder of Buffalo Eye & Ear Infirmary (1 76) and founder of Harvard' now­ internationally known eye and ear infir­ mary. Establi hed neonatal ilver nitrate use in eye . (Hou the uclear ience Materials Center and pare of the Chemi try Department) Charle G. Heyd, B medical graduate (1909), received Legion of Honor in 1932 for service co France during World War 11. (Road curve around Squire Hall) Grover W. Wende, UB medical alumnu (I 9) and one of country' foremost dermacologi t . erved on urgeon General's Advisory Committee for detec• tion and treatment of venereal and kin disea es during World War I. (Hou Center for Media tudies and Educational Communications Center) Hochstetter Hall Bell Hall Baker Chilled Water Plant Park Hall Flint Entrance &Loop Coventry Entrance Road Lee Entrance Road orth Campus Fronczak Hall 12 6 Franci E. Fronczak, UB medical (1 97) and law (1900) graduate, internationally known American public health authority, associate profe sor of hygiene and preven­ tive medicine and UB Council member. Gained fame for his medical work in Poland during World War 11which brought him high honor from France, Poland, and U.S. (Hou es Department of Geography and Phy ic & Astrono my) BUFFAID JPHY$1¢1ANj White Road Hamilton Road �13 Ralph Hoch tetter, oil pr ucer, banker, philanthropi c. Donated hi estate of 15 million for re earch fellow hip in medicine. Died in 1955. (Houses part of hool of Pharmacy) Lawrence D. Bell, founder of Bell Aircraft (now Aerospace) Corp. Awarded Chancellor' Medal in 1947. His founda­ tion established an endowed chair in the School' Phy iology Department and a general purpose fund in engineering. (Houses Computer ience Department) Melvin H. Baker, founder of ational Gyp um Co., benefactor, Chancellor's Medal winner (1957).Chaired Y tate' American Cancer Society and Crippled Chi ldren's Guild of Buffalo. Julian Park (1 1965),Ph.D., son of Dr. Ro well Park and founder of UB' liberal arts program, UB alumnu , faculty member, dean of College of Arts and Science for 36 years, author of early hi tary of the School . (Houses Department of Psychology, Hi tory, iology, and Political ience) Moody Terrace Loop Road Hadle y Road Millard Fillmore Academic Center and Coll ege Mary Blair Moody, M.D., first woman medical graduate (1 76) of UB. ationally recogni:ed a one of the most brilliant women in medicine and frequent recipient of honor and award . Fir t woman admitted co Erie County Medical iety. (One of three major entrances to Ellicott Complex) George Hadley, M.D. one of Medical chool' fir t faculty, profe sor of chemi try. Di overed tran ition of car h into glucose. {A cro road on orth Campu) Millard Fillmore, 13th U. . president (I 50-1 53), fir t chancellor of UB and the Medical hool, retaining that po ition even during hi pre idency and until his death in 1 74. Benefactor of UB and Buffalo culture. (Millard Fillmore Academic Center house Archaeology Program and Millard Fillmore College B's ight hool) TeachingHospitals Millard Fillmore Ho pital Austin Aim, Sr., M.D., co-founder of UB and the Medical hool, one of it first faculty member , medical pioneer. Discovered the "Aim Arterial Murmur;" that typhoid fever is a water-borne di ea e; and chat TB i of microbial origin. Also popularized use of binaural scetho cope. (Primary entrance road co orth Campu ) Charles B. Coventry, M.D., co-founder of UB, one of first faculty, professor of phy iology and medical jurisprudence . (Major highway entrance to orth Campu) Charles A. Lee, M.D., co-founder of UB, one of first faculty, professor of pathology. {One of orth Campus entrance roads) James Platt White, M.D., co-founder of UB, one of fir t faculty, professor of pathology. (One of arch Campu entrance roads) Frank H. Hamilton, M.D., co-founder of UB, one of fir t faculty, professor of urgery, one of the ranking surgeon in the country. Performed fir t succ ful kin graft in hi tory. {One of orth Campus entrance road ) Roswell Park Memorial Institute Erie County Medical Center BUFFALO (PHY$t¢1ANI amed after President Fillmore (see above). (Houses one of the bases of UB's Depart­ ment of Family Medicine, several research lab and residencies) Ro well Park, M.D., B profes r of urgery and founder of the first {and now one of the best) institution in the world devoted to cancer research; it tarted as a unit of the Medical hool. A renowned researcher and phy ician, he wa also the first to obtain government fund for cancer research. 0oim programs/research.) David K. Miller Building: amed after the former director/ chairman of the Depart­ ment of Medicine and Erie County Laboratory for over 30 year . The building wa named after the Harvard graduate in 1984 and houses UB's Departments of Medicine and other department in what was previously F-Building. E.J. Me)'er MemorialHospital : amed after the UB medical graduate {l 91) who turned then Buffalo City Ho pica! into a UB teaching ho pita! in 1920. Served a hospital pre ident and UB urgery professor. After 32 years, Meyer Ho pica! was renamed Erie County Medical Center • in 197 . 12 6 �Don't get your hopes up, AIDS researcherswarn BY CO T hey may be at opposite poles when it comes to their theories, but AIDS researchers are in agree­ ment on at least one point: don't raise false hopes. It appears likely that a treatment will 12 6 IE OSWALO STOFKO be developed before a vaccine can be found, and the prospects of finding an effective treatment soon are bleak. "I bet treatments come before vaccines," said Luc Montagnier, the French research- BUFFAID IP~vs 1C1 AN I er who identified the LAV virus associated with AIDS and is now trying to develop a vaccine. He spoke at last ummer's 10th Interna­ tional Convocation on Immunology, span- �1 the vaccine trials probably would be the sex partners of AIDS patients, such as the wife of a hemophiliac. B efore wid pread use of a vaccine, researcher want to know if it ha any long-term effects or dangers. For example, Montagnier said, if the vaccine is too much like a protein in the body, the antibodies formed may attack body cells as well as attacking the AID virus. Montagnier is trying to develop a vaccine through transduction. Some genes of the AIDS virus are inserted into a virus that is harmless to humans, such as the vaccinia virus. The vaccinia virus is then introduced to the body in the hope that it will prompt formation of antibodies to AIDS. The problem is chat the AIDS genes often become free, causing the vaccine to become less immunogenic. Montagnier said a way ha to be found to securely attach the AIDS gene to the harmless viru. Another problem is that even if a vaccine is developed, it may be effectiveonly for the train of the virus from which it was produced, the researcher added . The virus often changes from one person to another and even changes a little within an individual. M sored by the Medical School's Ernest Witebsky Center for Immunology. If all goes well with his search for an AIDS vaccine, it will still be a year before it can be tested on chimp , he said. Then comes testing on humans. It may be dif­ ficult to find volunteers, he noted. Those who would be most eager to try a vaccine may already have been exposed to AIDS . If they have AIDS antibodies, it's too late for a vaccine, he explained. Others who take precautions against being exposed to the virus probably wouldn't be interested in trying a vaccine. Montagnier said those who volunteer for ichael Apicella, M.D., professor of medicine and microbiology, agreed with Montagnier's assessment of the situa• tion. "l would hope a treatment comes before a vaccine," he stated. "A vaccine is easily IO years away - maybe never. The hope for a short-term solution is bleak. It's dreadful." Apicella, co-director of UB's Center for Applied Molecular Biology and Im­ munology (CAMBI), heads the Buffalo­ based portion of an NIH tudy of AIDS treannents. (See accompanying article.) "There are no drugs available now," Apicella said. "The whole purpose of this grant is to get people interested and get them looking for possibilities." When promising drugs are identified, they can be tested in a controlled study. For instance, some drugs have been used in the gay community of ew Yark City, he said. These drugs can be studied systematically for their effectiveness and for ide effects. BUFFAID /PHY$ 1 ¢tAN f "So much of what we know is anecdotal," Apicella said. Apicella heads the Buffalo-based portion of the five-year lli study. The clinic will be set up at Erie County Medical Center. Buffalo funding for the first year will be about 200,000. lli has funded I4 centers nationally. Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse have been designated as a ingle center. The expertise at UB is toxicology and drug kinetics {how the body distributes and excretes drugs). In addition to new drugs, some standard treannents will be evaluated, Apicella said. Apicella noted that the virus affects different groups of AIDS patients, such as gay males, hemophiliacs, and drug abusers, in different ways. Buffalo has a good mix of these different patient populations. One fortunate thing about the disease is its limited manner of transmission, he aid. It can be spread only through sexual rela­ tions or through needles. If it could be caught as easily as chicken pox, "we'd be in big trouble," Apicella aid. • UB participating in AIDS drug evaluations U B has been selected to participate in a ational Institutes of Health study to evaluate new and existing drug for treatment of AIDS. Michael Apicella, M.D., professor of medicine and microbiology at UB, named to head the Buffalo-based portion of the cudy, says some 30 local AIDS patients per year are expected to participate. Buffalo funding for the first year of the five-year study will be an estimated 200,000. The clinic will beset up at Erie County Medical Center. The study, which has designated the cities of Rochester, Buffalo, and Syracuse as a ingle center, is headed by Ray Dolan, M.D. of the University of Rochester. NIH has funded 14 centers nationally. Apicella, who will be a isted locally by Ross Hewitt, M.D., a fellow in UB's Division of Infectious Diseases, says it has not been determined which drug will be evaluated. "Some of the drugs may have been undergoing testing elsewhere in the world while others will be new drug compounds," he says. • 12 6 �16 Class of '90 is the most female, oldest ''N your usual class" would be an understatement for the 140th entering class of the UB Medical School. The Class of 1990 is the most female, the oldest, and includes the second highest number of minorities of any class in the School' hi tory . Furthermore, more Western ew Yorkers and people with master' degrees comprise the class than at anv time since records have been kept . The fre hman class comprises 7 men and 57 women (42.2 per cent). It 24 minoritie include 17 black , 4 Puerto Ricans, one Mexican­ Arnerican, and cwo ative Americans. The highest number of minorities wa 25 in the Class of 1972. The number of Western ew Yorker i 86, four higher than the previou high of 2 in 19 2. Only two are from out of tate. The average age i 24.2 year , the olde t ince r ord have been kept. That tati tic i kewed partly because the class contain the School' oldest entrant, a 55-year-olduoman . However, it till in lude a rL-cordhigh number of tudents in older age categories. The 135 rudents were selected from a pool of 2,590. The number of applicants has been dropping teadily, reflecting a national trend in which fewer people are choo ing medicine as a career. UB's highest number of Med hool applicant was 5,000 in 1972. "The declining trend is predominantly among white males," explains Dr. Thoma Gurruso, the School' admi ion director and also clinical assistant professor of ophthalmology. "If the trend continue , American medical school will be 50 per cent female in ten year ." rudent with master' degrees total 23, a record for the hool a well as a reflection of the older tudent trend. While 5 per cent of the entrants expectedly had science, especially biology, chemistry and health-related degrees, unconventional degrees occur also. These include electrical engineering, geology, economics, busin , mu ic, religion, philosophy, and foreign language. One Med hool freshman ha a dental degree and three have Ph.D .. 12 6 ot The March 24 ceremony was carried out by Commander Bill Drinan, commanding officer for the avy Recruiting District, and Chri Herold, ho pica! corpsman and chief of medical program for the di trice. "We're excited about this opportunity to come to UB to commission our first woman medical tudent," Commander Drinan said. During the ummer, Ms. Hart served a clerkship or participated in officer indoettination programs as a tudent. In addition to the scholarship, she receives avy pay and benefits following medical school. After receiving her M.D., he will be obligated to apply for an in­ ternship at one of the four military-associated ii teaching ho pitals and to practice on a military O base for three year , or she must complete her ... ~ re idency in a military hospital three year after __________ her intern hip. Harr was selected for the program, which started in 1975, based on excellence in Graduates from UB, the University of academic performance, references, and a Rochester, Cornell, Canisiu , and U Y personal interview. Binghamton contributed almost 40 per cent of he received a B. . in biology and a B.A. in the class. Others came from uch schools as German from yracuse Univer ity in 19 5. Her Duke,Johns Hopkins, otre Dame, Columbia, Ii t of honors includes three year on the Dean' Fordham, Georgetown, as well a Harvard, Li t, membership in the pre-medical honor Brown, Dartmouth, MIT, Yale and a ho t of society, Alpha Ep ilon Delta, and membership other colleges. in the foreign language honor society, Phi Mean MCAT scores averaged 9.07 and the igrna Iota. • average undergraduate ience G.P.A. was 3.32, both a drop from la t year . The three tudent entering the M.D.-Ph.D . program, all female, had MCAT or averaging 10.4. The Early urance Program is gaining in popularity. Ten of it 15 applicants were accepted. • I Student travels to Ivory Coast on MAP fellowship Female med student commissioned in Navy U B first-year medical student Kristina Hart became the first female medical rudent to be commi ioned by the avy in Western ew York. It was also the fir t time uch a ceremony cook place at UB; historically it has been held at the Federal Building or on a ship. Ms . Hart also received a scholarship from the avy for tuition, living expense , and a monthly tipend, which totals 12,000 a year. BUFFAID jPHv$1¢1ANI T hird-year medical student tephen Merry has been selected as one of 37 senior medical students from orth America to receive a fellowship from the Medical Assistance Program (MAP)/Reader's Digest Fellowship. The announcement came from Dr. C. Everett Koop, surgeon general of the U. . Public Health Service, and chairman of the selection committee. The fellowship, made po ible by a gram from the late DeWitt Wallace, founder of Reader's Digest, provided travel grams for Merry toward an externship at Bapri t Mission Hospital in the Ivory Coast, where he spent four months assisting in urgery and obstetrics. • �17 ., M Dental building, new library dedicated ore than 1500 individual braved early morning fog Sept. 20 to attend outdoor ceremonie dedicating the new hoot of Dental Medicine building as Daniel H. Squire Hall. T he new buildings of two si ter in tiru­ tions of che Medical School - che School of Dental Medicine and the Health iences Library - were dedicated with great fanfare chi ummer. Donald A.B. Lindberg, M.0., director of the ational Library of Medicine in Wa hingcon, 0.C., the largest medical research library in che world, was keynote peaker at the dedication of the ew Health iences Library held Augu c 19. The library is now housed in the freshly refurbished original Lockwood Library at Main treet. Lindberg poke on the new field of medical informatics and the computerization of medical cataloging using laser discs and artificial in­ telligence. "Increasing specialization puts greater need on medical informatics. ln the old day , a doctor could know most of the field of medicine. But specialization is here co cay and the health science libraries have to respond to chat fact," he noted. UB's Health Sciences Library, one of 125 resource medical libraries aero the U.S., is part of a formal national network that provides health care professionals with widespread access to published medical information. Health professionals throughout Western ew York and area health care institutions are regular users of the UB Health Sciences Library, which contains 236,000 volumes. The Dental School previou ly hared Farber Hall with the Medical hoot for 23 years. Congratulating Dean William M. Feagans, 0.0 .. , on the newly renovated building, UB President teven B. ample noted that Squire, who served as dean of the hoot from 1912-1935,was instrumental in advancing the quality of dental education locally as well a nationally. The spacious, airy building, which prior to renovation served as the rudent union, features many innovation and new services. On the fir t floor, vi itors are greeted by a striking three-story, brushed aluminum original sculpture patterned after the O A molecule. C ark onference Room an the H L, the H L' H to ol .-d ol 10 BUFFAID IPHYS 1 ¢ 1 ANI The School i the first dental school in the nation to install a special tomographic unit called Zonarc, an imaging device which use less radiation than conventional tomographic equipment. The School also ha a new Center for Laser Utilization and a new Pain Control Center. Innovative laboratories on the second floor allow for production of glass cast crowns, one of the newest aesthetic advances in restorative dentistry, and provide special equip• mem for production of partial dental frameworks. • IZ 6 �IIAYF S ''Hayfevervictimsusually sufferfrom themiddle of Augustuntil thefirst frost.The symptomsare shownduringeve:ryTV commericalfor antihistamines. '' 12/, b ometimes it i the little things in hfe that bother you. Ir' also the little things that can push a person over the edge, cause major problem , and generally make life unbearable. An example of one of those big little things comes from a wild plant known a the ragweed. When it releases it pollen m mid-Augu t, it affect milli of people with a r ction called ragweed al rhinitis, commonly known as hayfever. Hayfever victims usually suffer from the middle of Augu t until the fir t fro c. The ymptom are familiar: runny nose, congestion, watery they're shown during every TV commercial for antihistamines. Robert Reisman, M.D., UB clinical professor of medicine and pediatrics, and co-director of the Allergy Research Labora­ rory of Buffalo General Ho pital, has been researching alternative treatments for the estimated l million hayfcver victim in the U .. Besides hoping for a fro t by Labor Da , one obvious treatment i avoidance therapy, uch as using air conditioned room or keeping windows closed. Another oprion is to take medication. For mild ro moderate hayfever reaction , antihista­ mines can be very effective in relieving symproms. Reisman scares, "During the last few years, new ancihi tamines ha\'e come on the market which minimize drow iness. These are highly recommended." Another po ibility i use of steroids either as a nasal inhaler, in tablet form, or by injection. While these method usually work well over the hart term, they only relieve symptoms; they do not arrack the cause of BUFFAID jPHY$1¢ 1 ANj Immunization, 4111-.aA through the injection of pollen extract, i con idered the combatting hayfever. It tackles the causes, and works like a vaccine. The ba ic concept of immunocherapy for allergic rhinitis has nor changed in any sub tantial way since it was first introduced in 1911. But Reisman is crying to bring immunocherapy into the econd half of the 20th century. �19 uqMROZEK seven years, Reisman's re­ search has con­ centrated on the tory immune y tern was orig­ inally rudied in detail by Dr. Thomas Tomasi when he was a UB researcher. (He is now the director of RoswellPark.) This sy tern is usually associated with the production in the nasal passages of antibodies that fight viral infections such as polio and the influenzas. Reis­ rudies revolve around the use of a nasal inhalant to vaccmace the body against the effects of the ragweed pollen. Reisman and his co-mvesrigators are the only ones in the country currentlyusing a nasal inhalant to deliver immunizing do. of ragweedextract.The are also the fir t co use polymerized e:·tracr in chi manner. At thts year' March meeting of the American Academ y of Allergy and Immunology, Rei:man outlined the latest results of hi resear h. For several years, he has extensively tested local intranasal immunocherapy for use again t ragweed allergic rhiniti . "The nasal spray L analogou s to giving shoe , except we're squirting it into the nose," Rei man said. Research was done u ing che double blind control method. The control group was given a placebo, while the test group was given a ragweed extract. In different tests, Rei ·man alrt.-redthe do ing schedules and the e. ·tract solutions. From the result , Rei man concluded that "the t response came from large doses of pollen solution. And the best solu­ tion was a polymerized extract, in contra t to an aqueous extract. We found chat the aqueous extract caused significant side effect in some patient ." The advantage of the polymerized extract is char it slowly releases rhe ragweed solution into the system, as opposed to a water olution which relea es the extract much coo quick­ ly. This quick release can cause the type of allergic reaction which the patient is trying co avoid. The results have been encouraging, Rei man cares. "We are definitely stimulating the secretory immune yscem. This type of therapy is effective in immuniz­ ing against the ymproms of hayfever. le relieves, or prevent , the symptoms." A nother large definitive study wa undertaken just thi summer, with a group of 50 to 60 ubjecc recruited from the community. Thi study checked the BUFFAID jPHVS1¢1ANI validity of th u of high do ing chedule \\ith a polymerized extract a the be t type of therapy. Rei man had no trouble finding volunteer . Ragweed sufferer from all over the continent write him letter inquiring about the availability of his na al pray. De pite po itive results from the research, Rei man know there i much more work co be done to perfect the pray. "We do know that people who get chi treatment make local antibodi in their na al secretions, but at pre nt, we cannot correlate the amount of timulation with the response of the people who get the treatment. In other words, some people have a low antibody re ponse and they till get better, and there are other with a high antibody response that cl n't gee better." The po ibility of a greater public availability of the intrana . al spray a immunocherapy again t hayfever i exciting. The pray i inexpen ive, . 1mple, and it cau es no significant ide effects. According ro Rei man, "it definitely should be considered for more wide pread u e because of tho e advantage ."Reisman al o commented that he "ha no idea when the na al pray will be available for the general publi . le depend when a company would do the marketing studies." ln thi in ranee, the company would be Key Pharmaceuti­ cal, which has helped support Rei man' na al pray rudies and hold the patent on che polymerized extract. The implication of the na al pray are taggering. Chronic hayfever sufferer who opt for parenteral 1mmunocherapy typ­ ically receive injections once a week for three, four, or five month . Injections then continue once a month for an in­ definite period. If Reisman' nasal mi t is manufa cured f, r lOn umer u , it will great!~•simplify hay­ f, v r treatment. • �N V. 0, tp ~ 36 ILLUSTRATION DAN ZAKflOCZEMSKI �21 THE MEDICAL EDITOR AS GUINEA PIG BY BRUCE S. KER HNER A s the University's medical editor, I spend most of my time as the out ider looking in at others' research experimencs. Bue in one case, the ituation wa reversed: l wa the insider looking out during one recent experiment in which l served a a volunteer subject. The experiment for which l volunteered was the double blind testing of a ragweed nasal extract pray conducted by UB allergist Rohen Reisman, clinical professor of medicine and pediatrics, based at Buffalo General Ho pital. (See accompanying articles detailing hi research.) 1 promptly responded to hi public request for volunteers, curious to find out if he was really onto something that could relieve the Lifetimeof sneezing and muco al mi ery I had endured. 1twas also satisfying co know l could contribute in a small way to medical cience. My other strong motivation wa the curio iry of seeing an experiment from a subject's view, albeit, one which would ultimately be relegated to an anonymous stari tic in a technical journal article. By the end of the fir t day, my arms looked like they had been worked over by an inexperienced tattoo artist or an over­ zealou 1960s body painter. Both my arm were injected up and down in neat little rows with variou allergy extract , close to three dozen in all. Each injection created its own "body art," a series of pink wheal with unique shapes and sizes, but all sharing the same intense itch. "Looks like you're going to be a perfect subject," the assi ting researcher remarked. With a black marker pen, he highlighted the "an work" by out­ lining each bulging wheal with an inner and an outer circle. Then he labeled each one with a number and a letter. By the time he was fini hed, my arms displayed a curious sequence of black-edged, pink­ centered concentric circle in rows extending from my wrist to my elbow. The climax of the experiment's first day was the nasal mucu ample procedure. "Just pray chis in your no e so we can be sure to gee enough mucus for the lab testing," l wa told. Eager to donate my best mucu ample l compressed che spray bottle inro my nostrils a vigorou ly a l could. What followed was an eruption of mucus so great that it instantaneously filled up my inus and na al pa sages and could hardly be contained in the dozen ti ues 1 grabbed, one after another. "You only needed to pray a little bit," che assistant told me. "That wa quite a quirt of histamine you gave yourself." "Oh, i that what was in the bottle," I dead-panned. "Well, it certainly looks like you got enough of my ample." While my head reeled, I reminded my elf that thi brief "initiation rite" into the realm of the research experiment paled in comparison to the hundreds of neezes, wheezes, tissue boxes, raw nostril and antihistamine-induced stupor l had uffered since childhood. I wa given a mall squeeze borde and told to spray it in my nose twice a day, tarting at two sprays per nostril and increa ing gradually to five spray each. Detailed records of effects had to be written on multiple forms. Every two weeks, 1 was given a brief physical and a new bottle con­ taining a progressively stronger solution. Keeping in line with experimental protocol, neither I nor the research fellow knew if I had the control substance or the real polymerized ragweed pollen extract. The twice daily sprays throughout the BUFFAID IPHY$1¢ I AN I spring and early summer month resulted in a number of sneezes and blows that alway ended ten or IS minutes later. The reaction from the earlier sprays was mild bur the on encraced solutions taken only weeks before the ragweed allergy eason began felt no different than snorting a pollen-laden ragweed flower. After 20 sneezes in rapid succession, I was repeating to myself, "Remember, you're doing it for science, you're doing it for all those fellow allergy sufferers out there." Fortunately, even these intense reactions ended within the fir t ten minutes. The experimental spraying ended ten days before the ragweed allergy eason wa to commence. I waited in su pense for the fir t day to arrive. On Augu t 12, I experienced my fir t very mild reaction, a slight watery discharge, and recorded it on the detailed urvey form I had to maintain. Ten day elap ed and I till had only mild, very tolerable reaction , an occa ional sneeze, a blow here and there. "Must be a really mild year," I thought, "or maybethe experiment i working?" By the time September arrived, I wa certain I had been given the experimental extract and that it had indeed immunized me ro mo t of the ragweed reaction. September passed, followed by the fir t frost of the season, effectively ending my 23rd active ragweed season. Two weeks later, my conclusion was confirmed when the medical secretary informed me I had indeed been given the active ingredient. The nearly ymptom-free season made my effort worthwhile. Hopefully, Dr. Rei man' ragweed allergy treatment will be marketable in a few years. ow I only have to worry about my gra allergy, my mold allergy, and my tree pollen allergy. • 12 t, �22 I ~ i~~~~~~~~~....-~.......~~~~~~ I 12 6 BUFFAID j P HV$1¢ 1 AN ) �23 Dr. RobertReismanis attemptingto refine immunizationtherapiesusingvenominjections BY PAUL MROZEK A 1lergicreactions to insects stings are a major medical problem in the U.S., causing at least 50 deaths per year, and probably many more which go unrecognized. Robert E. Reisman, M.D., has been researching this problem for the past 15 years. Reisman is a clinical professor of medicine and pediatrics at UB. But hi favorite hat to wear is that of co-director of the Allergy Research Laboratory at Buffalo General Hospital. He is also a former president of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology. At the latest of his ongoing presenrations at academic symposia, Reisman presented an update on his research on stinging insect a1lergies. The research i concentrated in two areas: understanding the mechanisms for allergies, and the refining of immunization therapies. Reisman breaks this down into more immediate criteria. "One, we are striving for a continued understanding of the natural history of the disease process. Two, we are trying to decide who should be treated. And three, what are che proper criteria for topping treatment? When does someone have enough?" The venom immunotherapy which Dr. Reisman i involved with has proved to be highly successful in che prevention of subsequent sting reactions. The venom immunotherapy follows the basic guide­ lines for traditional allergy injection treatment. There are two major stinging insect families in the U.S. - the vespids (yellow jackets, hornets, and wasps), and the apids (the bumblebee and the honeybee}. The yellow jacket is responsible for the largest number of stings, mostly because of two factors: they nest on the ground and they are attracted co food. So it's possible that not all of the yellow jackets' fierce reputa­ tion is deserving. It's just that sometimes their nests get stepped on, and they manage BUFFAID jPt-tY$1¢ 1 A I to make pests of themselves during family picnics. The typical victim of an insect sting is under the age of 20, and chance are two to one the person i male. Thi probably reflects the fact that young males engage in more outdoor activities where stinging insects are encountered, as compared to other groups. Reisman's re earch confirmed that allergic reactions can be venom-specific. Certain people are allergiconly to the sting of individual insects such as yellow jackets and ochers are allergic only to apid sting . Some are allergic to both. What this means is that there are other factors besides the lgE ancibodie that can modulate anaphylaxis. And these factors need to be more clearly defined and studied. R eisman states, "We've learned how co diagnose insect sting allergies through the availability of purified venoms. They can be obtained commercially. Years 12 6 �24 ago, we used to employ individuals co collect venoms f-rom different stinging insects; we did this for three or four summers. Before that, therapy was tried u ing whole insects ground up into a solution, but that wa found to be ineffec­ tive." The purified venoms are used to detect allergies through standard skin and blood tests. Bur the venoms themselves are analyzed even further. "We fractionate the commercial venoms, then cescdifferent components to see which pans of the venom are really responsible for the allergic reactions," Reisman explains. Different people have reactions to different components in the venom. According to results of Reisman's tests, there are at least three or four different components in each venom which have allergenic properties. At this point in the research, the practical applications of the separation of venom component are limited, but more studies are going on. Studying the types and amounts of antibodies in the blood is central to this research. IgE antibodies reacting with venom are respon ible for the allergic reactions following insect stings. These antibodies can be measured by the immediate direct skin test, the classical test to diagnose allergy, or in the blood by a specialized radioimmunoassay. Immunity to insect stings is thought to be mediated by specific IgG antibodies reacting with venoms. Early studies were done with beekeepers who are highly immune to insect stings. Beekeepers were found to have high levels of lgG antibodies in their blood. If these apiarists were stung, they incurred only minor local reactions, leading many beekeepers to the opinion chat they would rather be stung by a bee than bitten by a mosquito. Subsequent studies by insect-allergic individuals indicated that their immunity to further stings was mediated by the developments of these lgG antibodies. IZ 6 T here are three approaches to therapy for people who have a history of allergic reactions co stings. The first, and least reliable is avoidance. Since avoidance is not practical, Reisman recommends that a prone individual makes sure chat emergency medication is always available. ''Allergi,c reactionsto insectstingsarea major medical problemin the U.S., causingat least 50 deathseachyear andprobablymore. The typicalvictim of an insectsting isa maleunder the ageof 20.'' Acute allergic reactions to stings are treated in the same manner as anaphylaxis f-rom any cause. The symptoms of anaphylaxis may vary, but can include hives, flushing, upper airway edema, angioedema, broncho spasm, circulatory collapse with shock and hypocension, bowel spasms with diarrhea, and uterine contraction . The drug of choice for treatment is epinephrine hydrochloride. Amihista· mines can supplement the epinephrine if necessary. Symptoms co be especially watchful of are edema of the upper airway, which has been identified a a common cause of death, and hypotension and BUFFALO jPl-fv$ 1 ¢ 1 AN j shock. Kies containing emergency medica­ tion are available. lmmunotherapy can provide virtually 100 per cent protection to patients who elect to undergo the treatments. Initially, small doses of venom are given over short periods of rime. Gradually, the injections are spaced out to one per week, with increasing amounts of venom, until the dose reaches a maximum measure which is equal to the venom f-romone sting. At this point, injections are given once a month, and treatment i continued indefinitely. The purpose of the venom injections is to stimulate ever increasing amount of lgG antibodies. Once the production of the lgG antibodies reaches the optimum level, allergy protection i achieved. Despite its success, there are unresolved problems with immunotherapy. "How do you select patients who hould undergo treatment?" Reisman comments. Research has shown that rhe sensitivity of individuals to insect stings varies over a period of rime. In untreated individual , one ring may result in a systemic reaction while a sub equent sting mav cause only minor local discomfort. " ot everyone who rests positive should undergo immunotherapy. Hopefully, we will develop criteria co that effect. I believe we are getting closer to solving this problem," Reisman said. A corollary to the question of who should be created is the question of when treatments should be halted. This may relate co the decline in the potential allergic response indirectly measured by skin and blood tests. Using these criteria, venom injections have been successfully dis­ continued in a large number of patients. Reisman is continuing his research into these and other unanswered problems that deal with allergies and immunology. Great strides have been made in a short span of time concerning the stinging insect allergy. • �25 Cancer/ExerciseLinkEstablished BY BRUCE KERSHNER A dd a new dimension to lowering your risk of cancer: exercise. And add a new occupational di ase for office worker , secretaries, and d k­ bound manager and pro~ ionals: higher ri k of colon and po ibly brea t cancer. These are the implication of two new scudie by UB epidemiologi t]ohn ena, Ph.D., who report chat lifetime regular exercise lower the incidence of colon cancer and po ibly brea t cancer. The a i cant professor in the B Medical School' Department of Social and Preventive Medicine recently reported hi finding chat indicate that risk of colon cancer i doubled for individuals who work a majority of their adult lives in sedentary occupation . Another por­ tion of thi research uggesced chat sedentary women have a tati tically ignificant higher risk for brea t cancer. He reported these srudies chi June at the annual meeting of the Society for Epidemiologic Research in Pitt burgh. "Our research and ongoing research by ocher how chat flack of] exerci e is one of the strong t and mo c con­ istent risk factor for colon cancer ever found, even more than dietary factor ," Vena emphasizes. Concerning the brea t cancer a cion, Vena describes hi finding a "intriguing." "We should continue to tudy the role of phy ical activity (and) brea t cancer to determine the exact relationship," he ugg cs. Vena' fir c rudy to how exercise' protective effect for colon cancer u ed data from Buffalo's Roswell Park Memorial Institute, one of UB's teaching ho pita! . U ing 1957-1965patient data, he compared the occupational phy ical activity of 210 white male patients with colon cancer to the exercise tatu of 1431 patient without can er or dig tive disea . In addition, 276 white male rectal cancer patient were compared. Patient ages ranged from 30 to 79 year . Vena's newest study, to be publi hed in the AmericanJournalof Clinical utrition, important, hi Wa hingcon tate analy i also corroborated hi fir t Buffalo area tudy on colon cancer. T hree measures were u ed for the Buffalo cudy: the number of work year in sedentary job , the proportion of work years in u h job , and the proportion of life pent in these low exercise jobs. All three mea ures howed the ame trend, that colon cancer ri k i doubled for sedentary and light work occupations. Dr. Vena used the Department of Labor' physical activity cla sification y tern. It defines sedentary work a re­ quiring the lifting of a maximum of 10 lb . or 1 , uch a lifting or carrying ledgers, mall tool , and d k material , and involving con iderable itting with occa ional walking and randing. Light work involv frequent lifting or carrying of object up co 10lb . and no Q heavier than 20 lbs., with more fre­ Q quent walking, standing, or pu hing or .., pulling of control while seated. ~ Medium work requires frequent lift­ ing and carrying of 25 to 50 lb. object , while heavy to very heavy work in• volve lifting and carrying of 50 co 100 lb. object . Frequent or trenuou movement, walking or climbing 1 also con­ sidered in the rating y tern. § j turned up the protective effect of exercise again t colon and brea t cancer based upon analy i of occupation and cause of death of 430,000 white males and 25,000 white females, both group from Washington Seate. The Wa hington rate study howed a tatistically ignificant 35 per cent higher ri k of colon cancer for sedentary men, and a 40 per cent higher ri k for sedentary women. For brea t cancer, hi analy i resulted in a imilar figure, 35 per cent, for sedentary women. These results corrobo­ rate several rudies by ocher researchers which demonstrated even tronger exercise protective effect for breast cancer. Ju t a BUFFAID !PHv$1¢1ANI D r. Vena presents several theories to explain the connection between exerci and lower colon cancer ri k. "Phy ical activity could shorten the tran it time of cool pa age, which would reduce the duration of contact with a fecal carcinogen." uch carcinogen could originate with either dietary fat-engendered steroids or carcinogens ingested in food. "Exercise may also increase tool motility by inducing production of certain hor­ mones such a pro caglandin , which may also protect against cancer," he explain . 12 6 �26 The last theory is that inadequate exercise contributes to obesity, which i a cancer risk factor in icself."Obesity has been directly correlated to an increased incidence of cancer of the colon, breast and endomerrium ," states Dr. Saxon Graham, co-investigator for the ational Cancer In titute studies and chairman of UB's Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. Can one compensate for a sedentary job by regularly exercising on one's personal time? "Yes," Vena answers, "a home exer­ cise program would accomplish that. But the reality is that national catistics how chat the only group chat regularly exercises is younger people. Middle to older age groups still do coo little exercise at home. These studies show that most of the physical activity of individuals is till job­ relaced." He also notes chat the 1957-1965Buffalo data he first analyzed "were collected prior to the era of growing popularity of recreational exercise and interest in improved fitness through jogging and other activities." Thus, off-the-job exercise was an insignificant factor in that study, lending more confidence to his results for on-the­ job exercise. On the other hand, not accounting for exercise, on- or off-the-job, may explain the incon istent findings of many previous diet/ cancer studies, Vena maintains. For instance, fiber and cruciferous vegetables were shown to protect against cancer in many studies, but in others showed a negligible effect. Interestingly, Dr. Vena' tudies consistendy show no correlation between exercise and rectal cancer, despite the proximity of that organ to the colon. "We suspect that, unlike the colon, exercise may not affect contact time with carcinogens in the rectum." Vena intends to clarify the exercise/ cancer relationship through continued studies. "Much more needs to be done before we can (definitively}say these find­ ings have preventive implications," he states. "We know little about potential mechanisms, latency, and threshold effects. Our work is cut out for us." • I2 EXERCISES They'reneededto improve qualityof lifefor CF patients BY WENDY ARNDT HUNT F or chose with cystic fibrosis, it's not a matter of doing exercisesto better the chances of a long and healthy life. It's a matter of doing them to improve the quality of the years they have left to live. The average age of survival for someone with cystic fibrosis is 20. A decade ago, it wa 12. For several years now, Frank Cerny, Ph.D ., research assistant professor of pediatrics and an exercise physiologist, has been working with those suffering from this incurable genetic disease. Believing that exercise is a vital component of life, he has researched whether and what exercise can help cystic fibrosis patients. Cerny, who is director of graduate education in the UB School of Health Related Professions' Department of Physical Therapy and Exercise Science, wa formerly associate director of che Children's Lung Center at Children's Hospital of Buffalo. He initiated his research by identifying normal adaptations co exercise. During exercise, three primary systems in the body muse adapt: the lungs must deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide; the heart and blood vessels must deliver oxygen to the muscles, and the muscles must utilize oxygen to produce movement. In cystic fibrosis patients, the first system breaks down. Cerny discovered that patients experience di tress, however, only when the disease i most severe. During laboratory studies with in­ pati.ents, Cerny found chat exercise helped chem cough up mucus and sputum. Exer- BUFFAID (P1-tv$ 1 ¢ 1 AN I cise did not prevent lung deterioration, but it did seem to maintain lung function. Cerny wanted to see if there were good and bad ways to exercise. Should con­ tinuou exercise or stop-and-go exercise be prescribed for therapy? ''Exercisehelpsthese patientscoughup mucusand sputum. It doesnot prevent lungdeterioration, but it doesseem to maintain lungfunction." By observation, Cerny says, most children prefer intermittent exercise like playing tag versus continuous exercise like jogging. Physiology suggest children are not designed for endurance. He found that stop-and-go exercise was better for those with an advanced case of cystic fibrosis, because it gave them the same benefits with less risks. The chances of their oxygen levels decreasing and their carbon dioxide levels increasing were smaller, which lessened the chances of their experiencing difficult breathing. One exercise that seems advantageous to cystic fibrosis patients is rowing, an upper body exercise. Cerny believes that improv- �27 I n certain group of patients, Cerny aw that po rural drainage could be elimi­ nated if exercise was substituted. Cerny, with Irene Sills, M.D., a istant professor of pediatrics, also researched the effects of exercise on chose with diabetes. During tudies where ubjects participated in stop-and-go activity, Cerny found that lactic acid levels of diabetics were significantly higher than chose of the control group. Lactic acid changes the pH of the cells and blood, which promotes fatigue. Physically, diabetic children would probably be better off participating in con­ tinuou activity. But since children seem to like intermittent exercise more, Cerny experimented co see if there was a way to help diabetic children play as they prefer. He found that if they ingested either glucose or fructose before play, their lactic acid levels were lower than if they didn't. Since he was 15, Cerny has helped children learn to enjoy exercise. He believes they should be taught how to enjoy physical activity so that later in life they will benefit from it. Calling many adults "cardiovascular derelicts," he blamed their early physical education. The father of three sons says too many physical education classes rifle the child's natural tendencies because they are too narrow in their approach. They should be more imaginative. They should introduce students to more activities. They should emphasize not the acquisition of skills, but the appreciation for participation. Cerny thinks many adults sit in front of the television set on Sunday afternoons because they never learned chat exercise can be fun. ing the strength of the respiratory muscles can benefit these patient . Rowing can improve their respiratory muscle function and their overall fitness and promote their sputum expectoration. Cy tic fibro i patient must cough up the mucu and putum chat accumulates in their lung . They die because they drown in their own secretions. An accepted therapy is postural drainage, which demands chat someone beat on the chest or back of the cystic fibrosis patient for up ro 30 minutes each day to help them remove these secretions from their lungs. BUFFAID IP~vs 1 C 1 AN I For healthy children, Cerny says there are no disadvantages to exercise, if it is appropriate. "If inappropriate," Cerny says, "there are a multirude of disadvantages." He pointed out that gymnastics, for example, can cause muscular imbalance and spinal problems. European studies show that some youngsters pushed into competitive gymnastics have one leg up to one inch shorter than the ocher. • 12 6 �2 M.D.Stands ForMother--Daughter BY PAULA VOELL D r. Helen Sikorski values the "M.D." she has had since 1950, and he' delighted that her daughter Camille recently joined her in the medical rank . The two set local and UB medical history when Camille graduated from the UB hool of Medicine in May, making them the fir t mother-daughter ream to have graduated since che school was establi hed in 1846. "It's kind of a joke around our house chat 'M.D.' rands for 'mother-daughter,"' aid Camille. Dr. Camille Hemlock, her daughter, is now doing her psychiatry residency at Bech Israel Ho pita! in ew York. When Helen graduated, there were nine women (an unusually large number for that era) in a cla of 72; in Camille' class, 4 of the 136 were women. Ir's clear that more than male­ female ratios have changed in the intervening 36 years, however. By the time he was 6 or 7, Helen knew he wanted to be a doctor. Fortunately, he didn't know chat a girl from a poor Buffalo family couldn't a pire to uch an ambition. "I was too young co know any better," said Helen. "I ju t knew that I had a cremendou interest in wildlife. I wa alway collecting frogs and nakes and rabbits and dissecting chem. I found the dolls the ocher girl were playing with the greatest bore." When she cold her parents she wanted to be a docror, they didn't take her seriously. "My mother assumed I was saying the same kind of thing as the little boy next door who wanted to be a fireman." In high school, her intere t deepened. "There was no question of the direction in which I was headed." 12 6 A fter working her way through UB's Medical School and completing her residency in Buffalo,Sikorski opened her private practice above a Buffalo bakery, furnishing it in " alvacion Army, Goodwill and Early Attic decor." "When HelenSikorski wasin laborwith herfirstpregnancy,it coincidedwith a patient'slabor.She went to the hospital to beprepped,then deliveredherpatient, and went backand hadherOtvn baby two hourslater." She found chat patients didn't resist being created by a woman. "I found people had a lot less trouble accepting a woman doctor than I ex­ pected,"said Helen, who was named Woman of the Year in 1968 by the acional Medical and Deneal Association, an organization of doctors of Poli h ancestry. BUFFAID jPHv$1¢JANj When her daughters were babies, she parked cribs out ide her office door, and patients amused chem or waited while she changed them. When the girls were older, they were allowed to knock on the door that separates the house from the officefor only three reasons: being sick, a fire, or a flood, Helen said. She and Camille laughed as they remembered the time Camille tapped, tentatively at first, harder when her knock wasn't answered, to an• nounce that the kitchen was on fire. The only other time she knocked was when a neighbor' t. Bernard jumped in their swimming pool and couldn't get out. Eventually, members of a high school football ream came over to lifethe dog out. H elen aid it was difficult for her to be caught between wanting to be a good mother and a good physician. "It cakes a special kind of woman co endure in medicine,' she said. "It's a strange profession when you have to get out of bed and leave your own sick child to take care of another one. "And I've never known a man who has taken care of his patients, done the paperwork, and then come home to wash a load of laundry or wash dishes. You can say a woman can hire someone, but you can only do that to a point." When she was in labor with her first pregnan• cy, it coincided with a patient's labor. "l went into the hospital to be prepped, had an enema, then I scrubbed in and delivered my patient," said Helen. "Then I wem back and had my own baby two hours later." Camille ha observed the tension in being a woman doctor. She recalled one incident when �29 he accompanied her mother to a convention. "I remember being in the lobby of the hotel," said Camille. "At lunchtime, all the male physi­ cians went to the bar and all the women went to an F.A.0. Schwartz store to buy coy to take home to their children." When she started medical school, Camille planned co be a family practitioner, a her mother i , but changed her pecialty when he realized chat many ailments have psychological components and found she was good at p ychiatry. Helen said her daughter will practice medicine in an atmo phere much changed from when she started. "It was strictly private care and caring for our patients," he said. "We had professional independence. That's no longer in exi tence. BUFFAID (PHY$1¢1At.l This relation hip we had is replaced with a labor-management relation hip. ow we have a health care industry, and the ability to retain confidentiality is lost. With all the paperwork we have, every Tom, Mary, and Harry reviewing your chart." • (Ms Voell is o features wroter tor the Buffalo News. trom wh ich th is June 4. 1986. art icle wos condensed with perm ission trom the Buffalo News.) 12 6 �30 Robert Gale returns to give address here R obert Gale returned to the city of his alma mater last August to address the 15th Annual Meeting of the lnter­ national Society for Experimental Hematology. He i the 1970 UB medical alumnus who has been a major news figure ever since he became the fir t Western phy ician since World War U co be invited to the Soviet Union to cope with di aster. Gale addressed the Hyatt Regency meeting on "Lesson From Chernobyl." Gale's visit to Buffalo was facilitated by the fact that he was the second society member to register for the conference, before the Chernobyl disaster occurred. He wa one of 500 researcher from 22 countrie at the meeting, which wa hosted by Ro well Park Memonal Institute. Gale aid he would return to the U.S.S.R. a couple of weeks later. "I'm going to be involved in Chernobyl for the very, very long term," he cold the Buffalo, eu.s. Gale' fir t top in Buffalo after checking into h1 hotel room was the famous Anchor Bar, where he and a colleague drank beer and ate a 12 6 double order of the famous dish, chicken wing , that was invented there. Gale was both pessimistic and optimistic about the Chernobyl accident. He said it showed how limited the medical community would be in a larger scale nuclear radiation inci• dent, such as a worse meltdown ... or a war. It was also clear that the casualties of the incident will continue to mount for years, he said. On the po itive ide, he believes the disa ter ha benefited peace negotiation between the U .. and U.S.S.R. 'The fact they would let us come there at all i a major indication that Gorbachev is willing to compromise," Gale observed. "In the end, 1 believe there will be more good from this than the tragedy of 30 lost live ," he told his audience. The California re idem related another lesson, that "there are no limit co what we will do to help each ocher. As phy icians, we understand chis. Bue i wa good to see that nations would act that way." Gale is one of the world' leading peciali t in bone marrow cran plantation and i the chairman of che advisory comminee of the International Bone Marrow Tran plant Regiscry. • BUFFAID jPHVS1¢1ANI Dr. & Mrs. Chazan endow scholarship A generous donation by Joseph A. Chazan, member of the Class of 1960, and hi wife, Helene, has made po ible establi hment of a new scholar· ship for medical tudent . The 10,000 Joseph and Helene Chazan holar hip i for medical tudents from the Buffalo area who demon trate academic ex• cellence. The Chazans' donation has already contributed toward part of a scholarship for fir t•year medical student Jose Rivera. "I remember what it wa like when l was a medical student," Dr. Chazan relates. "l had to take our loans while my wife upported me through school as a teacher. I wish there had been uch a scholar hip available at chat time." An imerni t and nephrologi t, Dr. Chazan i the medical director of the Artificial Kidney Center of Rhode Island. He i a clinical associate professor at Brown Univer icy Medical School and also director of the Division of Renal Diseases of Rhode Island Hospital. His donation makes him one of the fir t to be admitted to the James Platt White Society, the Medical School's new society for benefactors who donate over 1000 annually. • �31 WNY's lstin-vitro baby born in July BGH installs the State's first multi-beam machine D octor ac Children's Ho p ita! announced lase July 7 the birth of the first in-vitro baby in Western 1ew York. The baby girl was born by caesarean section. The ho pica) recorded its fir c u ful in-vitro pregnancy in che Fall of 19 5 a part ofic infer­ tility clinic program. The program i offered through the Ob-Gyn Oeparrment, under the direction of Abraham Munabi , .0., research assi cane professor at UB. • B uffalo General Hospital is the first ho pita! in ew York State and one of the first health-care facilities in the nation to use a new multi-beam linear accelerator. The advanced radiation therapy machine features two photon and five electron beams in various power settings. le enables doctors to treat the entire body with radiation while pro­ viding greater variety and maneuverability in specific areas, according to Vitune Vongrama, M.D ., head of the Radiation Oncology Depart­ ment. With the new linear accelerator - housed in expanded, modem facilities - Dr. Yongrama expects to treat JO per cent more patients thi year. In 1985, the taff treated 30,617 patients, a record in keeping with OOH's role as a leading provider of radiation therapy in Western ew York. The new equipment, because it is so efficient, will enable the staff to help more patients in years to come. Dr. Yongrama predicts that 30 to 40 per cent of the Hospital's radiation therapy patients will be treated with it. He points out that these patients will experience an improvement in the cancer cure rate with radiation therapy using the powerful linear accelerator, recognized for its high degree of reliability. • (From Buffalo General's quarterly , ..Ufe Works", Spring 1986} Sisters introduces Expresscare Service S i ters Hospital has introduced a new con­ cept in Western ew York medical care with it new Expresscare service, intended to reduce waiting rime for patient with minor injuries and ether medical problem . The ser­ vice is the fir t of its kind in an area ho pita!, according to the hospital. In the emergency department, patient are evaluated as co the extent of the ir problem. Those with more serious emergencies are im­ mediately taken into the main emergency area, while chose with less critical problems are directed to a separate Expresscare area and • administered co by taff. BGH dedicates Center for Radiation Oncology T he Buffalo General Hospital' Wende Radiation Oncology Center wa dedi­ cated last July 11, with a pecial tribute co world-acclaimed radiation therapy speciali c Walter T. Murphy, M .O. He founded the BGH Radiation Therapy Oeparrmem and headed it from 1963 co 1973. He i also author of RadiationTherapy, one of the fir t Arnencan textbooks in che field. He i a UB emeritus pro­ fessor of radiology. In expanded facilities in Buffalo General' new medical cower building, the Radiation Oncology Oeparrment treat approximately 1,500 new patient a year u ing X-rays and ocher forms of radiant energy. tare-of-the-arr equipment in che new deparrmenc includes a multi-beam linear accelerator, an advanced hyperrhermia unit, and a highly efficient treat­ ment planning computer y tern. • BUFFAID /PHvS 1 ¢1A I RPMI adopts new method of urinary diversion R o well Park Memorial Institute ha adopted a new method of urinary diver ion which promises co more effectively imulate che primary function of the bladder while enabling patients co voluntarily control urine functions. Termed the Kock Pouch, it i formed using 75 cm. of the ileum to reace an internal continent ilea! reservoir requiring draining only three times a day. Dr. Martin Dineen recently learned che promi ing two­ • hour procedure and is now performing it. Lazar honored in naming of center at suburban unit M illard Fillmore Suburban Ho pita! named it new Family Medicine Center in honor of Loui Lazar, M.O. Lazar, a UB undergraduate alumnus, is a clinical associate professor of family medicine. He has pra riced family medicine in the area for 40 year . The new Family Medicine Center is a 6,000-square-fooc facility with eight examina­ tion rooms, conference areas, and audiovi ual capabilities, located in the Medical Office Building behind the ho pica!. • 12 6 �32 Karl Manders (M'SO) • who is founder and medical director of rhe Head ln1ury and Coma Arousal Center ar University Heights Hospital, Indianapolis, In., described his center and its advantage for brain-injured patients in Indiana Medicine, December I986. J. Anthony Brown (M'61) • ofThousand Oaks, Ca., i chiefof surgery at Westlake Community Ho pital and past chief of raff at the Lo Robles Regional Medical Center. David B. Olim (M'61) • is practicing dermatology in Fort Washington, Pa. Dr. Olim is a clinical instructor at Temple University. MarshaH E. Bar hay (M'63) • who is an a i tam clinical pro­ fessor at UCLA, has recently publi hed three paper . Hospital, and chief of The Divi­ sions of Angiography, CT Scan­ uclear Medicine at ning and Pottstown Memorial Medical Center.' Robert . Schnitzler (M'65) • was chairman of an interna­ tional meeting for those involved in Cardiac Pacing. Preparations for the 6th Sympo ium are in pro­ cess for the Island of Hawaii in February of 1987. Or. Schnitzler is clinical professor of medicine at the University of Texa Health Science Center at San Antonio. John E. poor (M'66) • was appointed director of Emergency ervices at Mary Imogene Ba tt Ho pita!, Cooper town, .Y. Leonard A. Argentine (M'68) • WTitesfrom Oneida, .Y. chat he was recently appointed medical director of AHMMPRO, a subcontractor for the ew York State PRO. He has had a private practice in internal medicine from 1974-1986. Kenneth K. Kim (M'65) • Albert Biglan (M'68) • was informs u that he has been chief of staff of Children's Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre, Utica, .Y. since July 1985. appointed one of the editors of the Journalof Pediacric euro­ science and also received the Phy ician ' Recognition Award from ht medical in titution. He is a clinical associate professor of ophthalmology at the Univer icy of Pitt burgh. Biglan i on the ex­ ecutive committee of Children' Ho pita! of Pitt burgh and prac· tice at Oakland Pediatric Ophthalmology, Inc. He erved formerly as executive director of the American Diopter and Decibel iecy and i a Diplomate of the American Board of Ophthalmolo­ gy and Fellow of both the American College of Surgeons R. Scott Scheer (M'65) • WTites:"I have just been named director of a new radiotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging facility in Pottstown, Pa. in addi­ tion to prior duties. The new facility i called Pott town Scan­ ning and Treatment Center. I remain president and director of Medical Imaging Services, medical director of Mobil Ultra­ sound of America, chief of radiology at orri town tare 12 6 and American Academy of Ophhalmology. In rwo previou year , he received the di tinguish­ ed Teaching Award from Eye and Ear Ho pica) ophthalmology resident in Pirc burgh. He is author of 45 publication and ha five more m press. William (M'69) • recently published two chapter on retinoids in the 1985 book Psoriasis by Marcel Dekker, Inc. Retinoid therapy was the topic of cwo other chapters and two journal acciclesthat he wrote from 19 3 to 19 5. He is director of dermatology re earch at Hoffman-LaRoche, ucley, .J., and i on the adjunct faculty in dermatology at Columbia Pres­ byterian. He is also a Fellow of the American Academy of Dermatology. Bruce M. Prenner (M'70) • was recently promoted to as ociate clinical profe or, pediatric immunology divi ion at the University of California at San Diego. Elliott A. Schulman (M'70) • along with Gregory Traumuta (M'74) have developed the Com­ prehensive Headache Center at Germantown Hospital in Phila­ delphia, Pa. Elliott re ides in Wynnewood, with his wifo, Bonnie, and son, David. John E. Knipp (M'72) • a specialist in internal medicine and gastroemerology, is chief of medicine and director of medical education at the Cornwall Ho pital, Cornwall, .Y. BUFFAID jPHv$1¢1ANj J. Cunningham Maxine D. Hayes (M'73) • i assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Washington School of Medicine and medical director of the Odessa Brown Children's Clinic at the Children's Orthopedic Hospital, Seattle. William J.M. Hrushe ky (M'73) • was promoted to associate professor and granted tenure at the University of Min­ nesota. Dr. Hrushesky, who was recently inducted into Who's Who, has several patents granted and has had 180 publications. The lH lA and NHLBI} and CI are renewing support to rudy Timing of Drug Delivery, Aging of Cardiovascular System and Genetic vs. Environmental Causes of Hypertension. Daniel R. Beckman (M'74) • write "after eight year in general practice, I resigned and began a residency in pathology here in Wisconsin. l will be looking for a job as a surgical pathologist in 19 7." Howard R. Goldstein (M'74) • recently was awarded Fellowship in the American College of Surgeon and the American Academy of Pediatric . He co-authored two chapters in "Robert Smith's Operative Surgery: Urology." Michael S. Dahn (M'75) • is currencly completing his Ph.D. in biochemi try at Wayne State Univer icy, where he is an a is­ rant professor of surgery. Last February, he was awarded the Stanley Dudvich Award for research in metabolism and nurri­ tion by the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral utririon. In 1985, the Fellow of the �33 Benjamin J. C onte sa (M' 2) • having completed hi ane the iology re idency at assau County Medical Center, i now at the Jordon Ho pita! in Plymouth, Ma. American College of urgeons publi hed "Management of Aortofemoral Graft Failure" in urgery (Gyn-Ob) and described the ignificance of hypo­ albuminemia following injury and infection in American urgeon. Andrew M. Karen Zier (Ph.D .'75 ) • has been awarded a grant from the Diabetes Research & Education Foundat1on to use cell fusion to rudy a type of T cell, a white blood cell, that re earcher · believe cause Type l diabete mellitu . Results of this project may aid in development of a treatment for Type I diabetes. Her project i one of a number of pro­ ject funded by a total of 400,000 in grants from the non-profit Diabetes Research & Education Foundation, based in Bridge­ water, .J. The foundauon awards grant with fund pro­ vided by it ponsor, Hoech t­ Rou I Pharmaceuticals, lnc. Henry M. Bartkowski (M'76) • moved to Columbu , March 19 6, to practice full-came pediatric neuro urgery and engage in brain edema research ac Children' Ho pica! Medical Center of Columbu in affiliation with Ohio tare Univer ity. Paul B. Cotter (M' 76) • ha a private practice in ophthalmology and i clinical instructor of ophthalmology at Tufts. Jane King Dorval (M'76) • writes chat he was recently mar­ ried to Dr. Jeffrey H. Dorval. he is assi tant medical director of Mo Rehabalitacion Ho pica! in Philadelphia. Linda hriro Schenck (M'77) • writes "my specialty is being the full-time mother of Carly ; orris (M'82 ) • after graduating from the niver• it of Roch ter Department of Ophthalmology, opened a "solo practice" in Colorado." Cindy Wei icholas 5; and Teddy 2, while being in another rare t\',IO day a week and teaching 1/z day a week. l'm m my second year in the P ychoanalycic P ychotherapy doctoral program of the Chicago lnstitute for Psychoanaly i . l commute twice a week from Min­ neapoli (where there i no psychoanalytic institute or train­ ing available.) l am active in women' medical organization . Have rved on the board of Min­ n ta Women Phy ician for two years now. Was recently ap­ pointed to the board of the Alpha Epsilon Iota Foundation, a non­ profit organization which assists women medical rudents by granting funds, cholar hip , making awards to women in medicine. I am married to Carlo Schenck (M'76) whose interest is in the rudy of sleep disorders. He i on rhe p ychiatty raff of the Hennepin County Medical Center and the Minne ota Regional leep Di rder Centre. He is a faculty member of the Univer ity of Minnesota Depart­ ment of P ychiarry." Terence Alice G . Karpik (M' 79) • fini hed a fellowship in uveiri at Indiana University in December. Dr. Karpik is a clinical a i tant professor at the University of Indiana and Purdue Univer icy. tanle y J. Berke (M' 1) • has completed a fellow hip in glaucoma and anterior segment urgery at Massachusett Eye and Ear Infirmary and will be entering into private practice in Lyn­ brook, Long lsland. Hi paper on "Choroidal Detachment" wa ac­ cepted for presentation at the An­ nual Academy of Ophthalmology meeting in ew Orleans in ovember I986. BUFFAID !PHVS1¢tANj Chorba (M'79 ) • received the 19 Alexander D. Langmuir Prize awarded by the E.L . Alumni Association for the our randing manuscript d rib­ ing an epidemiologic investiga­ tion by an officer of the Epidemic Intelligence Service (E.I. .) at the Center For Disease Control. Hughes (M' 3) • writes char she finished an anesthesia residency and will cay on at Yale as a fellow in pediatric ane the ia. Her hu band tephen Hughe (M' 3) wa appointed chief re ident in radiology at Yale. Dougla J. Floccare (M'84) • has completed an intern hip in general urgery at Case Western Reserve, and i currently a resi­ dent in Emergency Medicine at the John Hopkins Ho pita! in Baltimore, Md. Andrew M. Knoll (M' 4) • recently completed a 6-momh course of in truction in Aeropace Medicine, including primary flight training in the TH57B SeaRanger Helicopter, and wa designated a naval flight urgeon. Lt. Knoll i rationed with M.A.G. 26, Marine Corps Air tation, ew River, Jackson­ ville, .C. John J. Picano (M'84 ) • received rhe Dr. orman Chassin certificate of achievement as the outstanding intern in internal medicine at ECMC, Buffalo (June 1984). Dr. Picano is currently a first-year resident in diagno tic radiology at Lahey Clinic Medical Center in Burlington, Ma. 12 6 �34 D Dr. Elmer T. McG roder (M'21) died . Dr. August 13, 19 5, at the age of McGroder was a Fellow of the American Col­ lege of urgeons and a member of the Academy of Medicine, the Medical Society of the County of Erie and the Medical Society of the Stace of ew York. • John A. Leone, 83, (M'27) • died July 12, 1986, in t. Catharines, Ontario after a hort illness. The iagara Falls native retired la t year after 5 years as a general practitioner in that city. He had been on staff at iagara Falls Memorial Medical Center and Mc. Sc. Mary's Hospital, Lewiston. He was a member of the American, state and iagara County medical associations. Survivors include his wife Rora; and two sisters, Oanilene and Helen. • Th addeus T. P rzybycien, 79, (M'33) • died August 14, 1986, in the Amherst ursing Home. The 1933 UB medical alumnus retired in 1983 after 50 years of general medical prac­ tice. The Buffalo native was a staff phy ician at Sisters, Deaconess, St. Joseph lntercommunity, and Veterans ho pitals. A life member of the .Y. Scace Medical Society, the Erie County Medical Society honored him in 1984 for 50 years of medical practice. Or. Przybycien performed on early radio shows and with the Buffalo Symphony Orches­ tra as an accomplished violinist. He was a pro­ lific writer and active in literary and arts societies. His survivors are a daughter, Genevieve; a sister, Adeline; a brother, William, and three grandchildren. • T District phy ician. He was also chairman of the Y Blue Shield Board of Director in 1974-1976 and was on the Genesee County Board of Health. He was recognized as a pioneer in developing medical theories linking heart disease with ex­ cess weight. ln 1951, he authored the book Your Weightand Your Life, a respected modem approach to weight reduction. The theatre devotee was assistant director of the "Broadway to Batavia" shows. He received orstar Bank's 1986 "Good eighbor of the Year" award and was pre idem of the Rotary Club and Batavia Club. He was also a member of the county, rate and American medical societies. He is urvived by his wife Almeta; a son, Dr. Alfred L; a daughter, Brenda; a brother; four sister ; and two grandchildren. • Th omas C. Hobbie (M'34) • died on March 11, 1986, in Sodus, .Y. Or. Hobbie was a member of the medical staff at the Myers' Community Hospical; Sodus Central School physician; charter member of the Sodus Rotary Club; served as president of che Wayne County Medical Society and State Health Officers. He was active in the local AFS Program and Boy Scout Council. He was an active member of the Fir t United Presbyterian Church of Sodus. He is survived by his wife Elizabeth and six daughters: Mary, Elizabeth, Susan, Katherine, Margaret, and Ellen. • Paul A. Alfano (M'41) • a retired surgeon, died May 27, 1986, in Sisters Hospital. A native of Buffalo, after service in World War II, he moved to Chicago. • A lfred L. George, 75, (M'34) • died June 5, Dr. Jane Carroll Brady Wiles (M'45 ) • 1986, in Batavia, Y. He was Genesee Memorial Hospital's current chief of staff, its chief of cardiology, and director of its inten ive care unit. Born in Lebanon, he served his internship at Deaconess Hospital and completed post• graduate studies in internal medicine at Harvard, Mayo, Duke University, and NYU. He was a State Medical Society delegate for more than 20 years and was the Batavia School medical director of the Erie County Home Health Department from 1969 to 1984, died unexpectedly near Baltimore, where she was vacationing. The 66-year-old Buffalo native held a bachelor's degree from Cornell University and was one of a handful of women graduates of the University of Buffalo Medical School in 1945. She was a board member of che UB Alumni Association, a member of the ew York State 12 6 BUFFAID jPHY$1C1ANj Medical Society Special Committee Governing Public Health and chairwoman of UB's Spring Clinical Days Committee at the time of her death. She also was a member of the Erie County Medical Society, American Medical Association and ew York State Public Health Society. Or. Wiles-who had celebrated the 40th an­ niversary of her wedding to local surgeon Dr. Charles E. Wiles (M'45)-was the daughter of another well-known Buffalo surgeon, the late Or. John C. and Leila Brady. She served her in­ ternship at E.J. Meyer Memorial Hospital and, in 1947, as an associate of Dr. C.A. Helwig, participated in the development of the Pap smear test for cervical cancer. She had pub­ lished one of the first papers on Pap smears. From 1948 to 1952,Dr. Wiles worked for the American Red Cro Blood Bank here. She aJso served as assistant to her father from 1948 to 1960, then was in general practice from 1960 to 1969. She is survived by her husband, two daughters, four sons, two sisters, a brother, and seven grandchildren. • (Adopted 'w1thpermission from the Buffalo News from an August 30. 1986ort1cle.) Dr . Paul We inberg (M'48) who was 60 and lived in Austin, Texas, Died February 27, 1986, in Baltimore of lung cancer. He practiced obstetrics and gynecology in Baltimore from 1955 until 1968, then became a professor at the University of Texas Medical hool. While in Baltimore, he was active on the taff of Sinai Ho pital. Born in Baltimore, he was educated at the John Hopkins University and the UB Medical School. He served in the U.S. Army during World War nand as a medical officer in the Air Force during the Korean War. While in Baltimore, he was a member of the Oheb halom Congregation and of several medical group. A lectureship in hi memory has been e tabli hed at the Univer icy of Texas Health &ience Center• an Antonio. He is survived by hi wife, Lenore Caplan; a son, Bruce, of Arlington, Mass., and two daughters, Beth of Denison, Texas, and Barbara of Dallas. • �35 major pediatric and allergy/ immunology jour­ nals. Dr. Elli i the author or co-author of over 100 publications. He has been a member of the Academy since 1962, becoming a Fellow in 1968. He served formerly as secretary and as its representative to the U.S. Pharmacopeia Allergy/ Immunology panel. Dr. Ellis received an A.B. from Kenyon Col­ lege in 1950 and his M.D. from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in 1954. He is a Diplomat of the American Board of Pediatrics and the American Board of Allergy and Immunology. He has also served as a member of the American Board of Allergy and Immunology and as president of the Board. • -] . Pullano Dr. James F. Phillips, clinical professor of medicine, was honored as one of the recipients of the 1986 Award for Brotherhood in Medicine. He was selected by the ational Conference of Christians and Jews, Western .Y. Chapter. The association is a non-profit nationwide organization that promotes intergroup education to eliminate prejudice and discrimination and to build bridges of understanding between all groups. • Elliot Ellis named Academy president U B professor of pediatrics Elliot F. Ellis, M.D., ha been elected presi­ dent of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology. Chairman of UB' Department of Pediatrics from 1975-1984, the UB pediatrician and allergi t serves as chief of che Allergy/Im­ munology Division at Children' Ho pita!. The American Academy of Allergy and Im- munology is the largest professional medical specialty organization representing allergi t and clinical immunologists. It has 3,850 member in the U.S. and Canada and over 300 member in 41 foreign countries. Dr. Elli is internationally respected as co­ editor of the two-volume text Allergy:Prindpl.es and Practiceand the two mo t recent i ues of PediatricClinics of orth America, devoted to the subject of allergy. He has authored section in several major pediatric textbooks on allergic disorders, serves on the editorial board of five journals, and i a reviewer for a number of BUFFAID jPMv$1¢1ANI Dr. Irene M. Hulicka, Distinguished Professor and research professor of medicine, a pioneer in the field of gerontology, has been installed as president of a major section of the Gerontological Society of America. She is former dean of the Faculty of acural and Social Sciences at the State University College at Buffalo where she is currently professor of psychology. Hulicka received her Ph.D. from the Univer­ sity of ebraska, the B.Ed. from the University of Alberta, and the M.A. and B.A. from the University of Saskatchewan. Considered one of the pioneers in geron­ tology research, Hulicka says she got into the field "by accident" in 1959 when she was associated with the Buffalo Veterans Administration Medical Center. Much of her subsequent research has dealt with memory, learning, self-concept, and freedom of choice among the aging population. • 12 6 �36 Dr . George Hatem receives Lasker prize T he keynote peaker for last May's UB Medical Alumni Association Spring Clinical Day, Dr. George Hatem, has been honored with the most presngiou privately funded American civilian prize, the 19 Albert La ker Award for Public Service. Dr. Hatem, called Ma Haide in Chinese, is the Buffalo-born doctor who senled in China in the 1930s and became in charge of the country's healch affairs. Besides being honored at the 19 6 UB alum• ni event, he was also given pedal recognition at last June' Medical School commencement. His associations wich UB include personal friendships with a number of UB doctor , especially past Medical Alumni Pre ident Charles Tanner, who helped arrange his vi it co the U.S. last spring. Buffalo Physicianwas also recognized by the Lasker Foundation indirectly. The July 1986 issue's cover photo by UB student Ken Welgoss of Dr. Hatem was selected as the foundation's official photo of Hatem, appearing in their award publications and announcements. Incidentally, the Lasker Award for Medical Research wa given co another doctor who 12 6 poke at UB last semester, Luc Momagnier, M.D. The co-discoverer of the AIDS viru spoke at last summer's UB Convocation on Immunology. • Dr. Kung awarded $352,000 NIH grant D r. Hank F. Kung has received a major gram from 1H to continue his three-year study of drug agents usedto diagnose brain diseases. The 352,000 grant to srudy " ew Brain Perfusion Imaging Agents" will enable che associate professor of nuclear medicine to study the isotope TC-99m, otherwise known as T echnitium 99m. This agent is the most com­ monly used isotope in nuclear medicine research today and is used to detect possible disease which can affect che brain. Dr. Kung and his colleagues plan co make further progress using the diagnostic method in animals. Their ultimate goal is to perfect it in animals so thac it can be ready for experimental use in humans. Currently animals being tested with this new chemical are rats and monkeys, monkeys being the closest subscirute for humans. "The basic problem that we have," noted Dr. Kung in reference to his research with the chemical, is "increasing the imaging time so medical instruments used to detect the agent in the brain do have time to dececc TC-99m." This compound could indeed show more promise than the agent HIPDM, another agent developed by Ors. Kung, Monce Blau, and Robert Ackerhalt of the Department of BUFFAID jPHY$t¢1ANI uclear Medicine, as a valuable brain diagnos­ ing tool for neurological diseases. HIPDM is a tracer compound which has been proven effec­ tive in mapping blood flow in the brains of patients with such diseases as stroke, brain rumors, epilepsy and senile dementia. Dr. Kung continues co work on this research with research assistant professor Dr. Simon Efange and also Dr. Ackerhalt. Dr. Blau who is now retired has contributed greatly to the continua­ tion of this research. Dr. Kung is a native of China and received his Ph.D. in medicinal chemistry from UB. He is a member of the Society of uclear Medicine and the American Chemical Society. He has published more than 23 journal articles pertain­ ing to brain perfusion imaging agents, HIPDM and TC-99m. Dr. Kung is also a founding member of the ational Chinese uclear Medicine Club. • -B. Commisa D r. Stephen Wear , assistant professor of medicine and philosophy, was just appointed a member of the Advisory Board of the Journalof Medicineand Philosophyuntil 1988. Its editorial board chairman is Edmund Pelligrino, M.D ., of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, and last year's UB Medical Commencement speaker. • �Dr . John Lore , Jr., profi rand chairman of the Department of olar ngology, ha become president f the American iety for Head and 'eek urgery. The Society devises programs for the devel pment of head and neck urgery and pro­ mot high profi ional and ethical tandard relating to the practice of major head and n k . urgery. In a separate a tion, Dr. Lore was hon red by being appointed to the Board of Director of the Yul Brynner Research Foundation, In . The Chicago-based philanthropic foundation is named in honor of actor Yul Brynner, who died from can ·er in 19 5. Dr. Lore, who has publi hed over 300 anicle , d research in the area of head, neck and thyroid cancer. He has pubh hed the book, An Atlasof Head and , 'eek urgery,now in its third edition. ince coming to UB, Dr. Lore ha held the position of chief of the head and neck urgi al unit at both i ter · of Charity and Children' hospital , Univer icy chief at ECMC, and at­ tending consultant at the VA Medical Center. The 'ew York City native received hi bachelor's degree from Holy Cro College and his medical degree from YU College of Medicine. He came to UB in 1966a a profi r of urgery and head of the Division of Otolaryngology and became it department chairman in 1972. In addition to hi medical career, he ha an interesting other career as the owner and operacor of Tamarack Ridge Colden, .Y. k1 Reson in • B. Ccmm,sa ERRATUM The July 1986 i ue's 'The Origin of the Buffalo Surgical Society" referred to one of it founding member , Dr. Julius Ricter. The correct pelling is Richter. Also, in the December 1985issue, p. 4, Dr . John Border i erroneously indentified ai, director of trauma service at Buffalo G ncral Hospital. It hould read "on staff at Buffalo General." Dr. Frank Ehrlich is Buffalo General' direc­ tor of trauma services. ------------------------------------------------------------------POSTAGE STAMP ECESSAl?V If MAllED THE U ITEDSTATES BUSINESS REPLYMAIL FIRSTCLASS PERMITNO 2210 BUFF ALO.NY POST AGE WILLBEPAID BYADDRESSEE BUFFAID P H Y S C I A N 139 Cary Hall State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14214-9980 1,.,11,1 ..1,,I,I,..11,1,, II,I,,I,I,,l,.l, 11 ..,,,I,II �I BUFFAID IP H YSICI A on -Profit Org . U.S. Po tagc PAID Buffalo , . Y. Permit o . 311 NI State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo. New York 14214 Address Correction Requested ---------------------7---~n-usHWFROM-YOU--7---FIII out this card (Please print or type all entries) Name ___________________________ M.D.__ Ph.D._ _ Vear Received ___ _ Office Address Home Address ----------------------------------------If not UB, M.D. or Ph.D. received from In Private Practice : In Academic Medicine: Yes Yes Specia lty No No Port Time Full Time School __________________ _ Title Other: Professional Society Memberships ---------------------------------- News: Hove you changed positions, published , been involved in civic activit ies. hod honors bestowed. etc? _______ 1, 11 Ii Please send curriculum vitae , clippings, publications, or announcements, also include o photo of yourself. _ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo physician, December 1986 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. 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Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1986 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/99b7c7367a434966b63d34efc3037695.pdf 4d63f88949f6f3a3fb7e75c55cb0cd77 PDF Text Text p VOLUME 20, H y s C A N EPTEMBER 1986 UMBER 3 Saxon Graham to look at effects of diet �BUFFAID I !PHYSICIAN Dean 's Me age D STAFF EXECUTIVE EDIT R, , IVERSITY PUBLI A Tl R(,N'rt T. Marlerc , A !ATE EDITOR Bruce '. Ker hner ART DIRECT R Alan J. Kes.:ler PHOTOGRAPHY PhyllisChristopher Douglas Levere Ed owak Franct pecker ADVISORY BOARD Dr John NaUJth<on,Do:in Sd,oal of MedlCI""' M . ancy Gheco Mr. KevanCraig Mr. Make "haw Dr . harlcs Tonner Dr John fohtt M . Karen Dr yJa Mr John Pull, Dr Chari~ Paganelli Dr Jam Kan 1 Dr. Harold Brody Dr John Wright Dr. Robert hc1g Dr M c Wngh, Dr Mary Voorh Mr. tev,, Sh,vanky M . Manon Man no,. ear Friend of the hoot of Medicine: The 19 6 academic year mark the lx"J.lmningof a new era for the hool of Med1cme and the Health ience mpus at Buffalo. The chool of Dental Med1cme moved to the completely renovated Squire Hall over the course of the ummer. That school is now hou ed in modern facilitie which, beside quire Hall, include an addition for the clinical activities and the renovated Fo ter Hall m which mo t of th basic science activity of the school i perl rmed. Thi unit now truly represents one of the fine t dental educational resources in the United tares. Thi event coupled with the opening of the expanded Health Science Library has served to move the Health iences enterprise forward. During the course of the 1986 academic year, the new wing of the School of Medicine, the centralized animal facilities and the renovated Buder Auditorium will also becom operational. Medical tudents and other health science tudents wt!I now be educated m modern leccure halls and laboratory facilities that will lend themselves to a much improved environment and to the pro pects of greater innovations in educational methodologie . For example, the faculty can now plan for more mall group teaching, more individual attention to tudent : an~ the application of computer and other technologie to the educanona mi ions. k During the cour e of the year the University togeth r with ew Yor f State's Construction Fund will develop and initiate implementario~ 0 the next pha e of development of the Mam Street Campus facih 0 ~· Mo t of Farber Hall will be cl sed and the old Dental chool faciht11~ will be upgraded to accommodate the n ds of the Medical Schoo be ba ic 1encedepartments. Our tudents, faculty, and alumni should impressed with the support provided by the citizens of ew York Stat to en ure that U Y Buffalo i numbered among its ister unit as a trong, competitive, modern educational enterprise. incereb, John aughton, M .D. Vice President fur Clin ical Affair Dean, School of Medicine Mr . L Kolwo Dr. James W,IJ TEACH I G HO PIT ALS The BuffaloGeneral Children\ Erie Cooney Mc<l,calCenter Mercy Millard F,llmore Ro w II Park Memorial In t1Cute ters of Chamy Veteran Admint trallon 1 Medical Center PmducN by rhe D,v, 10n of Public Affairs, Harry R. jaclr. in, d,rtt:wr. rn 3SS<JC,arron wirh rhe hoo/ nf MN1cme, rare Un1ver<1ryo ew Yc,rlcar &ffa/o. THE BUFFALO PHYS! IA (U PS 551-860JSep1embcr 191:16-Volume 20, Number 3. Published (,ve tlm annually : ptembcr, o.c. February, May, July, ember - by the Schoolof Mcd,cme, State Un1ver ttV of "" York at Buff lo, 3435 Mam trcct, Buffalo,, ewYork 14214 . Third c1... bulk postage pa,J at Buffalo. 'wYork.POiTMASTER , ndaJdr cha"8"5toTHEBUFFALOPHY !CIA, . 139 Cary Hall, 34 35 Ma,n trttt, Buffalo, cW York 14214. A Message From The Medical Alumni Association D uring the past few year , the Medical Alumni A ociation has ho ted many out-of-town reception at major medical meeting throughout the country for the benefit of you, the alumni. These recepti n are d i ned to keep you informed of the various undertakings of the Alumni Association and to keep you abreast of what' happening at the Medical School. The fir t reception this year will be held in ew rlean at the American College of urgeons lmical ongre m conjunction with the Department of urgery and Dr. Lewi Flint. I encourage all alumni who plan on att nding to top by and say hello to old tea hers and friends. At the pring Clinical Day Annual Busin Meeting, a new classof member hip was created: Associate Member. This was done to open up the Alumni Association to graduate of the University residency training programs who are not graduates of the Medical School itself. I encourage all those who are eligible to jom now. Your member hip i truly welcome. Lastly, I would like to thank all those who contributed their time and effort to making this year's pring Clinical Day a resounding success, members who gave so generously to the and tho reunion cl Medical School. John E. Prt ylucki , M .D . •73, President �P H Y S C A N , CONTENTS SOCIAL & PREVENTIVE MEDICINE • It com­ prises one of the most diversely trained faculties of any department in the Medical School, including physicians, epidemiologists, sociologists, biomedical scientists, and statisticians. $4 MILLION CANCER STUDY • Dr. Saxon Graham of Social and Preventive Medicine has received funding from the National Cancer Institute to begin a new study of the links between diet and cancer. A SEARCH FOR QUESTIONS • "The discipline practiced in Social and Preventive Medicine is unusual - it leads to more questions than answers," sociologist and epidemiologist James Marshall says. TRANSPLA TATION SPECIALIST • 12 Alumnus Robert P. Gale was called on to aid the victims of the Chernobyl disaster. JOB LEWI MITH • 14 UB student of the 1850s became a pioneer of American pediatrics. TEACH! G EFFEC­ TIVE ESS • 18, 24 Two profes ors look at good teaching. BUFFAID [PHY$1¢1ANj MEDICAL CHOOL EWS • 20 The Annual Faculty Meeting and the 140th commencement. PEOPLE • 37 A. Wilmot Jacobsen still youthful at 88. Other news of people you know. BOOKS • 43 HOSPITAL NEWS • 25 Dr. Thomas Toma i is the new director of Roswell Park. Buffalo General dedicates tower. UB, Millard Fillmore Hospital sign affiliation. CLASS OTE • Inside back cover. ALUM I • 31 Reunion classes pledge $130,000. 09 / 86 �2 SOCIAT;&P Wide--rangin g departmentis home to one of the m0 s BY BRUCE S. KERSH ER I t comprises one of the most diversely trained faculties of any department in the Medical School, including physicians, epidemiologists, sociologists, biomedical cientists, and tat1st1cians. The fields represented by UB's Department of Social and Preventive Medicine are many, including such closely allied and overlapping disciplines as preventive medicine, medical care organizations, epidemiology, public health, health behavior, medical sociology, and community health. Yet, for all its diversity, this relatively young department, run by Saxon Graham, Ph.D., is a cohesive team whose multi­ disciplinary research has made the department one of the most productive and respected in its field. The departme,1t has nine full-time and 14 active part-tim faculty members. Dr. Graham and his department attained international prominence as a result of their epidemiological re earch which has made Buffalo one of the primary centers for the study of cancer and its correlations with diet, behavior, and lifestyle. ver 130 journal articles have come out of th ir cancer epidemiology studies to date. Other factors being r searched in relation to cancer ar occupation, family history, stress, and personal habits, including exercise and smoking. Among the resea rch areas also being explo red by individual faculty members are oc­ cupational hazards in non-malignant disease, factors contributing to both suicide and hypertension, issues related to toxic waste exposure and response, and methodological studies that lead to more refined and effective urvey de ign and analyses. The department's research projects totalled almost $ 00,000 in ex­ penditures last year. Forming the central underpinning of 09/ 86 the department's research program are the series of ational ancer lnstitute grants that are administered by Dr. Graham. Over the past I years, Dr. BlJFFAID [PHv$1¢1ANI Graham has received four major grant from CI that have been aimed at the role of diet and other factors in cancer risk. The most recent project is a 4 million �3 Ost diverselytrainedfacultiesin grant ( ee ace m anying article) that initiated a new tudy of 3,500 We tern ew Y rkers and will continue analy i and administration of two ong ingsurveys, ~DI CTNE the Medical Sdwol a cohort study of 58,000 ew York State re ident and a survey of Western ew Yorkers begun in 1981. A total of 12 or so c -inv stigators are currently at work on various aspects of these nationally­ significant studies. The 1981 Social Epidemiology f Cancer tudy, al o funded by a 4 million Cl grant, i till being analyzed, with continued reporting of it re ults both in journals and at sympo ia. This study urveyed 5,500 Western ew Yorkers for a ociations between diet and cancer ri k, especially of the mouth, larynx, lung, e ophagus, stomach, colon, bladd r, and rectum. As with the new 1986 grant, occupational, family history, and other factor were analyzed. The gr at volume of data that the investigations yield d has demanded not only the efforts of the primary inv tigator, Dr. Graham, but also those of several other co-inv ti­ gators, among these James Marshall, Ph.D., associat professor; Tim By r , M.D., M.P.H., a ociate professor; Maria Zi lezny, Ph.D., associate professor; John Vena, Ph.D., assistant profe sor; and Br nda Haughey, Ph.D., as ciate profe or. The sh er ize and multi­ di ciplinary natur of the study has required the coop ration or con ultation of many others uch as Jame olan, M.D. ( hairman, De artment of Medi­ cine), Gerald ufrin, M .D. (Chairman, Urology), Myron Hreschchyshyn, M.D. (Chair, Ob-Gyn), and Takuma emoto, M.D., and Donald Shedd, M.D. (Ro well Park). T h inve tigation by Graham and his team of eight researcher has been respon ible for a ignificant part of the cientific knowledge about, a well as the national awareness and public attention on, th rol of diet and life style in cancer. This includes the apparent links between carotene, other retin id (a ociated with Vitamin A), and fiber and a protective f~ ct again t certain cancer . The recent tudies by Graham and hi coresearcher hav al o correlated exce ive alcohol, BUFFAID (PHv$1¢1AN] 09 / 86 �4 tobacco, alt, meat and fat con umption, a well a be ity, with higher risks ~ r pecific types of cancer. Furthermore, they found that cooking reduces the protective effect of vegetable , while certain way of cooking meat can increa e ri k of cancer. They al o found that brea t feeding is as ociated with lower ri k f premenopausal breast cancer, and al o that allergy-prone people tend to have lower frequencies of certain cancer . Many of these findings have been corroborated by other population urveys and animal tudie , but the inve tigation str s the need for much more inve tigation to explicate the relationship and to replicate the inquiries. Another ongoing tudy, begun in 1980, involves the largest cross-section of American of both ex over a wide spectrum of backgrounds, occupation , thnic, and other parameters of any cancer/ diet epidemiological study to date. Thi cohort survey of 5 ,000 ew Y rk tate citizen will result in new findings 09/ 86 and publication years. over then xt 10 to 15 Much of th succes of the department's wide-ranging, multidi ciplinary re earch program, according to its faculty members, i attributed to Saxon Graham. "The me hing of per onalities and di cipline , " Jim Marshall explain , "i a reflection f his personality. He ju t doesn't fit into parochial kinds ofboundarie ."Then, he added, "Dr. Graham wa one of the fir t people train d in sociology to become an important cancer epidemiologist." Dr. Graham attributes the achievements of the department to the exceptional quality, innovativene s and industry of th individual faculty member . "They include diverse personalities and intel­ lectual interests which happily fit together in a highly productive way. There i a spirit of mutual helpfulness and collab ration rather than of competition in our group," the chairman explain . "Every one of them is unusually inventive; they BUFFAID [PHvJ1¢1AN) are long on new, strategically important idea and, equally u eful, they have the energy and dedication to put the idea to work in their inve tigation . For example, at the recent meeting f ur national ociety, our relatively mall group of 5 epidemiologists addre ed three plenary se ion , gave two scientific paper and one po ter ession." T he little time Graham ha left aft r conducting research and administering hi everal large I grants i pent in admini trating the department which he ha headed for five year . Plannin for new program and personnel occupi much of hi attention a well. 11 We have a variety of needs to enhance the teaching and re earch program in the department," Graham comments. To do this he i recruiting a health behavior specialist ( with public health training) to implement a new program that tudie and teache meth d to modify behavi r that improve health. The research would �be directed at uch major health factors as making, weight control, and dietary change . Another expanded empha i will be on medical care organization . One newly arrived recruit is Denni Bertram, M.D., Ph . D. (degrees from Wa hington University and John Hopkin ,, re pec­ cively), who will enlarge th department's research and t aching into the di tribution of medi al care, the role of diffe r nt health care organizations such as HMO's, and social issues such as malpractice and care of th elderly . The department al o ha goals to create programs in psychiatric epidemiology of str diseases, and in nutritional epidemi­ ology. F llow sociologist Jam s Mar hall, Ph.D., plays a major role in th depart­ ment's diet / cancer studi , and also conduct res arch inco tress disease among policemen and suicide epidemi­ ology. He is profiled separately in the accompanying article . S erving as the "attending physician" for the I diet / cancer studies is Tim Byers. Dr. Byers, with a medical degree from Indiana niversity, also ha a Ma tee's in Public Health from the Univer ity of Michigan. He was responible for part of th analy is of the 19 l diet / cane r tudy, emphasizing the role of cartotene in pr tecting a ain t certain cancer . Corr lation between lung cancer and diet, and implication in public health are other areas f focus. One ju t completed study was published this spring in utrition and Cancer with co-investigator Dr. Blackford Middleton, then a UB medical student and now a re id nt with the Univer ity of Connecti­ cut Health Center. The inve tigators evaluated 10,000 Ro well Park patients using 1960 data . The tudy 1 nds upport to the evidence that Vitamin A from fruit and vegetable sources may protect against squamous cell tumors in variou organs. Byer note with inter t his findings from two recently published studies. Examining lung cancer cases from a ational Tumor Registry tudy of 50,000 subjects, he found a predominance of cancer in the upper lobes, particularly in young people. "Thi may suggest an infectiou cofactor in lung cancer," Byers theori zes. A secondjustcompleted rudy provided strong evidence that brea t feeding provides ome protection effect against pre-menopau al breast cancer . ince many of the department's tudies rely on subjects' memory of th ir past diets, one might wonder a out the accuracy and validity of the re ulting conclu i ns. Dr. Byers concluded from a two-y ar funded inquiry that eopl did, indeed, have relatively good recall about their and their pauses' diets from fiv to eight years earlier. ffA study just completedby the department offered strongevidencethat breastfeeding providesa measure of protectionagainst pre--menopausal breastcancer.'' Some of Byer ' future goals are to continue work on th diet-cancer relation­ ship, to study the possibility of a relation­ ship betwe n cancer and magnetic fields, such as may occur with certain configur­ ations of home wiring, and to begin a teaching / r earch project in the preven­ tion of diarrheal di ea es in developing countries. W hile diet ha been a major focus of the department's CI grant , life style, occupation, and non-dietary factor are important empha a well. John Vena, Ph.D., has been the full-time faculty member largely responsible for analyzing these factors. Two fascinating finding by Vena from the department-wide CI tudies were recently publi hed. In the AmericanJournal BUFFAID (PHv$ 1 ¢1AN ! of EpidemiologyQuly, 1985), he and his co-researchers reported that people with a history of hives, hay fever, and other allergies tend to have a decreased ri k of a number of cancer . Vena speculates it may have omething t do with allergy sufferer ' immune ystems. He also reported in the ame journal (September 1985) that the ri k of colon cancer is raised in sedentary workers, suggesting that physical inactivity increases colon cancer risk. He theorizes that exerci engenders prostaglandin which timulate peristalsis and h rtens the transmit time of tool , reducing contact with any t cal carcinogens. Among his other proj cts are a larg cohort study of BuffaJ municipal worke r over a 30-year period; a March of Dimes study of ethyl ne oxide exposure and disease risk in ho pita! workers; a project that correlates kidney function in battery workers with lead exposure ( with Rocco Venuto, M.D.); and an investigation into community exposure to radioactive and toxic waste dump . He expects there will be a demand for more research in toxic waste epidemiology, and is exploring the feasibility of developing a respon e team. He is al o working with a union co-op to set up a community-based occupational health clinic, the first diagnostic health clinic in Western ew York dedicated to occupa­ tional di ease. 0 ne of the newest arrivals in the department is Maurizio Tr visan, M.D ., assistant professor, formerly with the University of aples Medical School, Italy. Specializing in cardiovascular disease epidemiology, Dr. T revi an is conducting a ten-year long longitudinal study of arte riosclerosis in factory workers near aples. Purely by chance, a erious earth­ quake occurred after part of the sample was already screened, leaving a post­ earthquake screening group. He found that the tress associated with the earth­ quake disaster raised serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and pulse rate. He is now following up to see if the effects of acute stress on coronary disease were sustained, if they correlate with magnitude and type 09/ 86 �6 of damages due to the earthquake, and if th effect of stress on coronary risk factors i media ted by personality type, c ping mechanisms, and social tatus. Another continuing project i his study of 5,000 re idents of an ancient Italian city. T revi an is studying the relation betwe n hypertensi n and intracellular odium, potassium, and metabolism. He i crying co ee if he can predict who will become hyperten ive based on the pr ence of abnormal intracellular ion tran port pathways. He has several proposed projects, among them a new tudy to predict salt sensitivity in hypertensives. T he unique re earch focus of R ob rt O'Shea, Ph.D., ass ciate professor, is ocial and preventive dental medicine. In addition to directing the department's Graduate Studi Program, the sociologist is trying to identify ef~ ctiv way for dentists to promote cigarette c ation. Advice, que tioning by the denti ts, prescribing nicotine gum, office design to discourage smoking, and ways to develop non-smoking staff to serve a role mod ls ace all being evaluated. "l'm al o working with an ral pathologist, Dr. Joseph Sowin ki, trying to quantitatively determine, through oral inspection, the consequences of smoking on gum, lip, mucosa and teeth. ot only can this be used to demonstrate th con equ nc of smoking on a patient," O'Shea explain , "but there i al o a need for an objective, non-invasive way to tell if someone is smoking." Dr. 0' hea is al o working on dentist­ patient relation hip with Dental ch ol p ychologisc/ researcher orman Corah, D.D.S. "We now have 25 behavioral actions that will decrease the psycho logical disc mfo rt that is one of the major reasons why pati nt avoid dentists." They have found, for instance, that anxiety is reduced when the denti t explain a procedure and expect d I vel of discom­ fort in advance and during th operation. One future project of his i to develop effective ways to train hygi nists, not just dentists, on how co promot cigarette ce sation. "There ar over 200 hygieni t schools, and half the population ees a 09/ 86 total of 140,000 dentists each year. The dentist-hygienist-patient relationship goes on for a long time . The dental office is an ideal place to promote prevention. T he department's resea rch output would grind to a halt without proper tatistical design and analy i . Performing this essential role is Maria Zielezny, Ph.D., the department' , in fact, the Medical chool's, only full-time bio tati tician. The UCLA doctoral graduate help to et up proper methodology for a wide range of proj cts. he also advises on proper procedures and directs researchers how to design their own studies. On sele red proj cts, she executes the analysis. ''The Buffalo Bisons baseballteam is the subjectof Dr. Michael Cummings' smokelesstobacco study in which he is measuring non~cancerproblems of the mouth.'' While much of her att ntion is devoted to Dr. Graham's 1 studies and other in-hou e grant , her ervices extend to work being done by ocher departments and schools, such as Rehabilitation Medicine's functional a essment study with Dr. Carl Granger; Dr. Michele Alexander's asthma elf-managem nt research; ursing's cudie of sere s incontinence in the aged; and project of the chool of D ntal Medicine and Health Related Profe ions. The department's close as ociations with Roswell Park Memorial Institute are not widely known outside the departm nt. They includ epidemiological cour es jointly caught by specialists from both in titutions. ln addition, the cour are attended not only by UB medical students, BUFFAJD [PHYS1¢1ANj but by graduate students from programs in the department, as well as in UB's Roswell Park Graduate Division. Departmental co-investigators at RPM! in recent years have included Arnold Mittelman, M.D., Donald hedd, M.D., Ronald Vincent, M.D., and Curtis Mettlin, Ph .D. Dr. Roger Priore's stati tical consultation co the department has been especially valuable . Examples of this close association are exemplified by two department faculty members, Diane Cookfair, Ph.D., and Michael Cummings, Ph.D. D r. Cookfair, assistant professor since 1984, was until recently also assistant co the dean oflJB's Roswell Park Graduate Division and a director of Graduate Studies in the Roswell Division. ow stationed at the Social and Preventive Medicine Department headquarter at 2211 Main St., she continues her cancer epidemiology research. Dr. Cookfair has received funding co conduct several epidemiologic studies concerning the role of radiation in ca rcinogenesis. Using Roswell Par k data, she is currently assessing the long term effects of thera, peutic irradiation for benign gynecologic disorders in 6500 women treated over a 30-year period. Dr. Cookfai r is also taking part in a mulciple center international coho rt tudy ponsored by Cl and lA RC. The purpose of this study is co determine the incidence of second cancers among worn n irradiated as treatment for cervical cance r, and to assess whether specific types of cancer are more common among irradiated patients than non, irradiated patients. Also a joint project with NCI is her study concerning hormonal profiles among women treated for cervical cancer, in which she is trying to determine whether estrogen levels differ among women treated with pelvic irradiation and non­ irradia ted women . She is also conducting an epidemiologic study of chromosomal abe r ration following therapeutic irradiation in collaboration with D r. Avery Sandberg. In the area of occupational epidemiology, Cookfair is working with John Vena on various studies concerning �the occupational etiology of cancer. B ased at Roswell Park is Michael Cummings, Ph.D., clinical a istant professor, who is active in several joint projects with the department, all in smoking cessation. The growing concern over passive cigarette smoke exposure is one of Cumming's areas of re earch. Because it is currently hard to quantify such exposure, Ors. Cummings and Marshall are con­ ducting biological measurements of passive exposure, and will compare that with subjects' own estimates. They will also identify architectural and other parameters that affect smoke concentration. The Buffalo Bisons baseball team is the subject of Cumming ' smokeless tobacco study, in which he is measuring non­ cancer oral problems. " ineteen out of 25 players chew tobacco," Cumming comments, "and we have found a three­ fold gum recession among users . Five also had non-malignant oral lesions. We now have ongoing tests to see if their cell crapings have any D A aberrations." Cummings, who runs Roswell Park's Stop Smoking Clinic is also studying the effectiveness of a variety of making cessation techniques: quit smoking employee cont sts, self-help cessation booklets, and training programs for M.D. 's on how to counsel their patients on smoking. One future project Cummings hopes to participate in is a major CI study of smoking intervention with the heaviest smokers. F rank Schimpfhauser, Ph.D., associate professor in the department ( and al o Medical School assistant dean for educational research and evaluation) is conducting educational research. With a 250,000 CI grant, he and Paul Kostyniak, Ph.D., ofUB's Pharmacology Department have developed courses in cancer prevention for first-and third-year medical students . Schimpfhauser is also assisting Robert 0' hea in the research design and evaluation plan for their smoking cessation research. The department currently has 34 master's students and 20 Ph.D. students seeking d grees in epidemi logy. "These rogram have been quite successful and run in conjunction with Roswell Park," Dr . Graham remarks. Graduates of the program take courses taught by both the UB Ro well Park Graduation Division and Graham' department . Dr. Robert ' hea is coordinator of the doctoral program. The department's other succes ful educational program is its Ph.D. and post-doctoral program, which curr mly ha four fell ws, all funded by CI. The department's curriculum offers numerous cour es in epidemiology, with cour es dealing specifically with the area of chronic disea e (Tim Byers and Maurizio Trevisan); c mmunicable disea e (Mary Lou Fleissner); nutrition (Byer ); occupational & envir nm ntal factors Uohn Vena); biostatistics (Maria Zielezny ); cancer ( urtis Mettlin f Roswell Park); psychiatric epidemiology BUFFAID (PHvS 1 ¢1AHf Uoseph Vana); and re earch methods, stress epidemiology, and medical demography (Jim Marshall), among others. Richard Jones, Ph.D., is one of the department's most popular profe or , teaching health services planning and organizational administration. Other instructors in the department's courses are UB faculty members Frank Schimpfhauser, Gloria Hienemann, Marcia Ru s I, Pat Milkow ki, Mike Cummings, and Diane Cookfair. In the medical student curriculum two required courses are taught: the fre hman Health are Organization cour e (Denni Bertram, Arthur Go hin, RobertO' hea); and third year Epid miology and tatistics courses (Michael and Maria Zielezny as directors). One lective for eniors is in preventive medicine, taught by Ors. Tim Byers, Richard Rothenburg, and Le nard Katz. • 09/ 86 �Saxon Graham receivesgrantfrom NCI for study of diet--cancer links 8 $4MILLION CANCER S axon Graham, Ph.D., profe or and chairman of UB's Department of ocial and Preventive Medicine, ha received $4 million in funding from the National ancer In titute ( Cl) to begin a major new study of the links between diet and cancer. It is believed to be the largest study of its kind to date, in terms of funding. In addition to the $4 million grant, funds for indirect co t totalling roughly $2 million were also awarded by I. The five-year investigation will rely on the cooperation of 3300 Western ew Yorkers who will be comprehensively 09186 BUFFAID IPHv$ 1 ¢ 1 AN J surveyed to provide the thousand of items of data which will be evaluated by Graham and his associates. "This is definitely a community effort. The infor­ mation from Western ew Yorkers who participate may lead to significant findings that would shed more Lighton the r lation­ ship between cancer and what we eat and how we live," Graham commented. "The study will accomplish several things," Dr. Graham explained. "It will either confirm or refute previous findings for certain cancers. It will also provide new data on everal cancers rarely studied before. Lastly, our study will examine the implications and refine our knowledge of previously di covered cancer ri k factors. "For example, fats have been associated with increased risks of some cancers," Graham continued. "This study will clarify if fats are related in and of them­ elves, or because they con­ tribute to total calories ingested or because they contributetoobesity. The po sible benefits of phy ical activity will also be examined, especially as it relates to reducing obesity." Experienced nurse inter­ viewers will question the Erie, iagara and Monroe County citizens about virtu­ ally all aspect of their diets, life tyles, smoking and drinking habits, and health record . ursing and child-bearing hi tory will also be gathered from women subject . The sur­ veys, which will take approximately two and on e-half hour each, began thi spring . �9 G raham' new grant i hi fourth major grant from I during the last 1 year that ha tudied the cial epidemiology of cancer. The previou tudies have been re ponsible for much of the knowledge that certain dietary factors, such as carot ne and fiber-rich foods, can lend protection again t certain cancers, while exce ive amounts of others (fat , alt, meat, alcohol, tobacco) increa e cancer risk. Dr. Graham p int ut in all of these cases, however, chat in contrast to the impression given in ome popular ac­ counts, the correlation is not always trong and can sometime be contradic­ t ry. When correlation are shown, chey u ually apply to p cific cancers and not necessarily to all cancer . Epidemiologists with Dr. Graham in thi newest study will be Jame Mar hall, Ph.D., who will focus on the study's methodology, sociological analysis, and cancers of the mouth, bladder and rectum; Tim Byers, M.D., M.P.H., cancer epi­ d miologist, to focu on lung cancer as well as nutritional correlation ; John Vena, Ph.D., to investigate occupational and environmental components, as well as the role of exercise; Maria Zielezny, Ph.D., and Roger Priore, Ph.D., statistics; and John Bra ure and Mya wanson, computer analyst . Among a contingent of ix clinical co­ investigators are James olan, M.D., chairman ofUB's Deparonenc of Medicine (investigating pancreas and other 01 cancer ); Gerald ufrin, M.D., chairman ofUB's Department of Urology (cancers of the prostate, bladder and testes); Myron Hreschchyshyn, M.D., chairman of the Department of Gynecology­ Obstetrics (gynecologic cancers); T akuma emoto, M.D. (breast cancer); Colin Campbell, Ph.D., of Cornell Univer­ sity ( erological studies of nutrition); and William Rawl , M.D., ofMcMaster University ( viral origins of cancer). Th re are cw imp rcant aspects of the new project that have not been done during the previou 18 year of Graham and hi team' epidemiological project . First, erol gical studies will pr vide inf rmation on nutrient level and on exposure to viru e . econd, several body organ will be tudied that have not yet been c mprehensively examined for cancer c rrelation : the cervix, lining of the uteru , breast, ovary, prostate, and pancrea . His preceding studies correlat cl cancer incidence with all the organs of the alimentary tract a well a the lung , bladder, and larynx. These organ will be tudied in m re detail in the new pr ject. T he multi-million dollar grant will not only fund a new urvey, but will also continue the analysi and administra­ tion of two ongoing tudie . The first ne, begun in 19 0, involve the largest cross- ection of pe pie over a wide pectrum of background , occupations, ethnic, and other parameter of any cancer / diet epidemiological tudy to date. Thi cohort urvey of 58,000 ew York tate citizens is still re ulting in new BUFFAID !PHvS1¢1ANj �findin and publications. ( e accompany­ ing article). The second ongoing analy i is ba d ona 1981 urv yof5,500Westem ew Yorker that correlated lung, bladder, and Gl tract cancer with diet and lifestyl , the predece r to Graham's 1986 study. This grant i al ode cribed in the accom­ panying article. A Yal Univer ity Ph.D., Dr. Graham, has been on faculty at UB ince 1956. Graham ha chaired the UB Department of Social and Preventive Medicine since 1981 and is also professor of ociology. He served previously as acting chief of Roswell Park Memorial Institute' Depart­ ment of Statistics and Epidemiological 09/ 86 r fTheinformationfrom participantsmay leadto significant findings on the relationshipbetween cancerand what we eat and how we live.'' Research. He and many other faculty memb rs in his UB department continue to have do e or direct a ociations with the nationally respect d cane r institute, which is also one of the UB Medical School's associated teaching hospital . Outside of the univer ity, he i president of the Society fo r Epidemiological Re­ search and ha editorial roles with the journal of utrition and Cancer and th American Journalof Epidemiology.He is a member of th Board of cientific Counselors, Divi ion of Cancer Prevention and Control ( 1), and also of the American ancer Society's linical In­ vestigation Advisory C mmittee. • - BUFFAID \PHv$1¢1ANI Bruce . Kershner �A_Search for ,..,.,,,, estions ((The discipline we practice in thi department, social and preventive medicine, is un­ u ual because it I ad to more questions than answers," ociologist and epi­ demiologist James Mar hall, Ph.D., com­ ments. "We need intelligent questions, however, to know where to direct our efforts to come up with intelligent answers. " aid another way, ometimes the b t answer to a qu tion i another question," h adds. Jim Marshall is one of three sociologists in the Department of ocial and Preventive Medicine. With a Ph.D. in sociology from U LA, he is active in four major research proj ct and in teaching. member academy class of 1984 suggests that "immediate, day-to-day support, not just that from family and friend , make all the difference," Mar hall relate . "The upport you receiv on a day-to­ day basis is crucial." The second police / stress project, with Dr . V na a primary investigator and Dr. Violanti as co-re earcher, analyze th phy ical health of policemen on the beat. They have found a striking excess of suicide, c rtain cancer , and m king­ related di ea es among 2,000 member of th entire Buffalo Police Department over 30 y ar . n (Marshall's pet project is uicide risk, hi original thesis topic. " uicide is ne f the mo t fa cinatin , tragic, and telling ph n m na of human existence," he tate . "We devote so much of our G P t ward extending longevity and prolonging life - and yet 30,000 pe pie each year say, 'l want no more of it.' " "The highest rates," he says, "are among retired white men, th group with the mo t power in our society. Yet, the I we t rate are among black w men, who have the toughest road in many way ." Hi re earch hows, ironically, that while older white male suicides hav ropped 50 p r cent ince 1950, t enage male suici e ha increa ed 50 per cent in the am period. Mar hall plans to expand his suicide studies to include the role of economic status. • One of the major coresearchers in Graham's I grants, Marshall serves a a methodologist. Research d sign and devising valid and eff ctiv ways to ask survey questions, and tatistical analy is are among his ta k . "When you have such a large body of data, there are no rules to analyze that data," Marshall states. "I help to make sense of those data. I assi tin determining if the statistical findings make sense in light of the bio­ logical knowledge." He i active in analy i of data relating to oral, bladder, rectum, and other cancers. Mar hall is involved in two studies of police stress, one with a former Ph.D. student of hi ,John Violanti, Ph.D. (now director of the P lie Academy in Albany), and the other with John Vena, an a sistant profes or at UB. The first study involves measuring p ychological tress and comparing it to the presence of support setting , both in and out of th close-knit academy erring. So far, hi study of the entire 140- BUFFAlO [PHY$ 1 ¢1ANI 09186 �12 1RANSPLANTATI~ON SPECIAfd.l-Alumnus RobertGale journeyedto the USSR to aid the victimsof Chernobyl BY MARY BETH SPl A T h name of Dr. Robert P. Gale truck a familiar chord with several Buffalonians this spring when they heard through the media that the UCLA transplantation speciali t was going to aid victims of the hemobyl nuclear power plant disaster. Gale, a 1970 graduate of UB' School of Medicine, left Buffalo 16 year ago to pursue internship and r sidency at U LA. Later, he earned the Ph.D. in microbi logy and immunobiology there, and in 1977, wa named director of U LA's Program in Transplantation Biology. Former classmates and teachers who aw him describe on tel vision hi missi n to assi t radiation victim of Chernobyl noted he hadn't changed very much. He was still the serious, intense, and obvious! y dedicated person they remembered. Harold Brody, M.D., Ph.D., chairman of UB' Department of Anatomical Science , noted he had written r com­ mendation for Gale' U LA int mship and re idency. "I still have copies of the letter ," aid Brody. Hen ted Gale had be n a serious student, a hard worker who had earned some elective credits at UB by serving in small hospitals in Ethiopia and Thailand. ' l wasn't urprised that he was so prominent," Brody con­ tinued, "a gr at many of our students have done very, very well and he is one of them." William Dillon, M.D., one of Gale's classmates and now head of UB's Division of Maternal/Fetal Medicine, was pleased 09/ 86 to see the UCLA physician / researcher in the spotlight. "He was sort of a quiet guy who demonstrated his individuality even in medical school - very intense, very intelligent," said Dillon. One of Gale' former roommates, Jan ovak, M.D.,directoroftheGI Unit at Erie County Medical Center and a UB faculty member, said he believed Gale is probably "one of the mo t prominent medical graduates at UB in the last 20 years." ovak noted, "H ' had an im­ pressive career and he's omebody UB can be proud of." Former classmate teven V. Grabiec, M.D., a clinical a sociate professor in UB's Division of Allergy and lmmunology, pointed out that several members of the lass of '70 chose medical specialties in which immunology played a major role. Whether or note Gale selected oncology and transplantation partly because of the outstanding immunol gists who taught the Class, Grabiec could not be sure. "They certainly influenced some of the rest of u in these directions," he explained. press reports uggest that Gale, long prominent in the profe sional litera­ ture for his research in leukemias and marrow transplantation, had thought about the medical consequences for vic­ tims of nuclear accidents long before Chernobyl occurred. It is certainly a I gical assumption, sine leukemia patients must undergo near-lethal dose of radiation to kill their own bone marrow before th y can receive marrow transplants that are as compatible as possible from BUFFAID (P H v$1¢1AN) near relatives or other . TheenormityoftheChemobyldi ast r, however, sugge ts that hundreds would be potential candidate for either the marrow transplants if near "matches" could be found from donor , or for transplantation of fetal liver tis ue which could hopefully be an acceptable sub­ stitute. Ga le' kill in the field of transplanta­ tion medicine, coupled with his well­ known tenacity to e k every possible chance medical cienc can offer for his patients, was ju t what the oviet patient needed. Thi combination, ironically, was what had led him to be reprimanded by the ati nal In titutes of Health, a prime funder of hi re earch. He had been cha ti ed by IH for performing "unauthorized" exp rimental bone marrow tran plants which had not been approved by an internal review committee at UCLA. Later, the panel gave its approval. It wa n ver ugg st d, IH personnel said later, that Gale didn't have the welfare of his patients at heart. The incident wa one in which a dedicated physician wa infinitely more concerned with the immediate lifeand death situation of despe rate pati nts than with the often sl w, tedious bureaucratic system involved with approving experimental treatment. As the hernobyl situation reached the Western press, Gale recognized an obligation to offer his help. When Pre i­ dent Reagan's offer of humanitarian aid was rejected, Gale, as chairman of the advisory committee of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry, had �13 two other ideas. The ne he found m t pr mising wa to p r anally c ntact Dr. ArmandHammerwhomheknew . Hamm r, head of Occidental Petroleum, ha long had busine and humanitarian cl alings with the viet Union . G ale's offer to help mobilize aid for the hernobyl victims was cabled direct­ ly to Mikhail G rbachev by Hammer who received a return me age from the Soviet leader that said, "Pl ase send him (Gale) immediately." In a mission und rwritten by Hammer, al mobilized p cialists including hi colleague Dr. Richard hamplin; U LA ti u -typing p cialist Dr. Paul Tera aki who has been a peaker at UB 's Inter­ national Immunology Conv ation; and I raeli scienti t Yair Reisner who was known for hi experti e in u ing !ant lectins to remove T-lymph cytes from marrow to reduce rejection ri k in marrow transplant . Dr. John Han en at the niversity of Washington arranged for Gal to coor­ dinate com put r data on potential marrow donors in orth America; Dr. John oldman of Hammersmith Ho ital in England coordinated imilar data on poten­ tial European donors. Ti ue-typing mater­ ials for ab ut 200 person as well a laboratory apparatu and the new im­ munomodulator dru cycl porin A were flown from around the world to oviet m dical faciliti as soon as Gale and hi colleagues ord red them. In all, about 15 nations participated in aiding hernobyl victims either through per nn I, expertise, or equipment and medicines. ...J I .__ ___________________ .:...,_____ ix of the 35 Ch mobyl victims eventual1y received fetal liver ti sue tran plants; the oth r rec ived donor marrow. It was a ma ive effort n the part of Gale, the physician known for his per i tent supp rt of hi own patients at U LA. He has well rved the hem by! patients through hi kill, his determina­ tion but perhaps mo t of all, through his BUFFAID [PHY$ 1 ¢1ANI ........:, ____ ___J compassion. Although it will be some time before the final figure can be tallied on the long-term health ff; cts of the hernobyl accident on the opulation affected, Gale and his colleagu were able to spar ome live and, a importantly, to hare their medical knowledge with their viet counterparts. • 09 6 i �14 National serviceaward honors r 9th century UB pediatricspioneer BY JAMES R. MARKELLO, M.O. (Class of 1961) l> I s E \ s I: s INF.\~('\' \XI> f 'IIILIJII00ll . Pllll.l I[ }, '\ El.l"Mll H \" t I, I , Ill&. T he Job Lewis mith Award is pres nted annually by the om­ munity Pediatric ection of the American Academy of Pediatric to a pediatrician for "outstanding community ervicc to children through teaching, public ervice, and inn vation in panern of patient care ." Thi award honor Job Lewi Smith, a Buffalo Medical ollege (now U Y Buffalo ch ol of Medicine) tudent of the early 1850 , who became one of the two pi neer of American pediatrics. 09/ 86 While a boy on the family farm on the ea tern hore of Lake kaneatele , near th village of Spafford (Syracuse area) in Onondaga ounty, Job Lewis attended the ortland Academy to prepare for college. Up n graduation from Yale in 1850, he had not selected a profession; everal months pa ed before he decided to pur ue medicine. Following in the footsteps of hi brother, tephen, Job Lewi moved to Buffalo in 1850. He attended lecture in the Buffalo Medical College and erved the equivalent of one BUFFAID jPHY$ 1 ¢ 1 AN I year of internship at the isters of harity Ho pital. 1 Smith had the good fortune of studying under Austin Flint, from whom he acquired skill in phy ical examination and proficiency in performing autop ie , of which he later performed surprisingly large number . Flint influenced Smith to develop the habit of making careful note of hi clinical and pathologic ob ervations. The e, together with diligent study of dome tic and foreign medical literature, formed the ba is for hi later writings. ��16 mith' lifelong dev tion to Flint i evident in th e obituary memoir !, Reminiscences of ProfessorAustin Flint, M.D ., L.L.D., wherein he ret r to Flint a "the ydenham of th e ninet enth century." Again following in the t t teps of hi brother, tephen, Job Lewis moved from Buffa[ to ew York ity wh re he enrolled in the College of Physician and Surge n , graduated in 1853, and ent red practice on West 49th treet. tephen became founder of the American Public Health Association; Job Lewis pioneered the pecialry of pediatrics. He would have been known as the father of American pediatrics had it not been for Abraham Jacobi, who arrived from Europe in l 53 and ente red medical practice in ew York City, later urpa ing mith in his influence on American pediatrics . The parallel careers of Smith and Jacobi in ew York ity , sharing common diatric inter t and activiti s, brought the two "giants" tog thcr on many cca i ns, uniting their effort in the gene i of American pediatrics. mith found time for several contri­ bution to th medical literatu re. Hi first a er, ublished in 1854, was a review f mallpox, an epidemic of which wa declining in ew York. Subs quent pub­ lications discussed hydrophobia, remittent f ver , cholera, meningiti , diphtheria, tuberculosis, rickets, summer diarrhea, and t tanu of the new born . The r lation hip of di ease to "poverty, defectiv nutrition, and in anitary c n­ ditions" of vividly de cribed hanty tow n life was propo ed. Advantage of brea t feeding were pre en ted at the fir t meeting of the American Pediatric ociety. mith stated: "Infants dep rived of thei r mother's milk or its substitute, the milk of a wet nurse, during the period wh n nourishm nt at the hr ast is the mode of alimentation ... nearly all perish d oon after birth, and from causes which wer plainly referable 09/ 86 to the mode of feedin g. He also ob erved how "The teamboat every morning brought foundling to the (Blackwell's) Island, and every afternoon removed an equal number for burial in Potter Field ." l His treatise on ricket pointed out that "children treated with cod-liver oil did best." mith embraced the popular belief that "deformity or ocher abnormal devel p­ ment of the fetu is som times due to the emotions of the mother," citing ca e to upport hi belief.4 Smith's 'Treatise on the Diseases of Infancyand Childhood'was adopted as a pediatricstext by medicalschools throughoutthe US until the 1890s; it was al.sothe practitioner'smainstay.'' ff H i Treac'.seon the Diseasesof Infancy and Childhood, publi hed in 1 69, underwent eight editions in 27 years, ref\ cting a rapidly xpanding pecialty even at that time. It wa adopted a a pediatric text by medical schools thr ugh­ out the United tares until the late l 90' . Acclaimed to be n t on ly the favorite f medical student , it became a main cay of the general practition r. The American Pediatric ciety owes its origin to Job Lewis mith . He BUFFAID JPHY$ t ¢1AN I influenced the official ranking of pediatri cs as a specialty in l 0, when the ection on the Diseases of hildren was formed at a meeting of the American Medical S i ty in Richmond, Virginia . even years later , following a m eting of the ninth Inter­ national Medical ongr , mith, who served a chairman of the Pediatric Section, called together a few c II ague and propo d formation fa new, independ nt society" rganized n the highe t p ssible lit rary and ci ntific ba i , and that it mu t not enter into entangling alliances." Th propo al b ing approved, mith was elected temporary chairman . The name American Pediatric ociery wa elected, and an invitati n wa ent to potential member in the United tates and Canada. ne year later, l 8 , formal organizati n wa accompli hed; Abraham Jacobi was elected the fir t pre ident, at mith's ugge tion . mith became the econd pre ident in l 9. Sir William O ler was the fourth pre ident in 1891 . Recogniz d f r hi leadership in pediat ric , mith was appointed phy ician to the orthwestem Di pen ary, to the ew York F undling A ylum, to the urse ry and hild' Ho pita!, to the Infant' H pita! on Randall' I land, and to the Charity Ho ital. In 1861 he was appointed clinical profe or of the diseases of children in the new Bellevue Ho pita! Medical College and in 1867, clinical professor of morbid anatomy. Job Lewis mith died June 9, 1897, apparently of congestive h art failure, a few days after itting up with a sick child, who e pennile father mith helped by giving him money. • 1 2 J 4 Fabe< H K. Job Lewis Smith. torgotton pioneer J Ped1otr 63794 1963 Smith J L Reminiscences of Professor Austin Flint. MD . LLD M Rec 29:467. 1886 Smith. JL TrAm Ped1otr Soc 1.86. 1889 Cone T.·H1sto,,yot American Ped1ot11cs Boston. Little. Br<>vm,and Company , 1979 Dr. Marke/lo is professorof pediatrics, East Carolina University , Greenville,N. . �17 Med students cite 4 outstanding teachers U B' medical rudent recently pn:­ ented four faculty members with the 10th annual Dr. Loui A. and Ruth iegel Award , which recognize faculty a "Teachers of the Year" in four categoric The award were given during the chool' Annual Faculty Meeting last May. Murray J. Ettinger, Ph.D., received the Pre­ Clinical Teaching Award. He is a graduate of Hahnemann Medical ollege in Philadelphia, Pa. A profe or ofbiochemi try, he joined the UB medical faculty in 1969. He also received this award in L984. Ettinger developed ummer tutorial pro­ grams for students who fail biochemi try in which he stresses study and learning skill that can be applied to all subjects. The linical Teaching Award was pre ented to Frederick E. Mun chauer Ill, M.D. A graduate of McGill Univer ity of Montreal, Canada, he is currently a re earch assi tant pr fes or of neurology and internal medicine. He i a member of the American Academy of eur I gy, the American liege of Physician , and the American iety of Medical Engineer . Thi year' Volunteer Teaching Award went to Lawrence M. herman, M.D., clinical instructor of urgery. A graduate of the University of Michigan, he i a member of the American ollege of urgeon and the Mai­ monide Medical ociety. He presently erves as medical director of Hospice Buffalo, Inc. The Buffa! House taff Teaching Award was pre ented to arlos A. anto , M.D., clinical a i tant in trucror in gynecology and ob tetric . The native of an Juan, Puerto Rico, received hi M.D. from Univer adad entral del aribe h I of Medicine in ayey, Puerto Rico. He is a Juni r Fellow of the American ollege of Obstetric and Gynec logy. The awards are chosen thr ugh tudent nominations which are in turn reviewed by an awards committee comprised of representative of all four medical chool cla e . tudent nominate individual and arc asked to describe the meri and attribute of nominee . The award committee review and make its deci ion based on the number of nominati n and the quality of written tatements. • - Jonathan Pullano 2 7 faculty participate in orthopaedics event T wenty- even member of the Department of rthopaedic urgery were participant in the February I 9 6 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic urgeons held in ew Orleans. The meeting wa attended by a total of over 1 ,000 individuals, report Dr. Eugene Mindell, chairman and profe or of BUFFAID [PHY$1¢1ANj rthopaedic surgery. A am piing of ome of the papers pre ented by department faculty include "Aneury ma! Bone Cysts of the pine" by Dr. William apicotto, clinical assistant instructor, and Dr. Mindell. A retr pective tudy of forearm fracture in children wa di cu ed by Dr. Michael Grant, clinical assistant in tructor, and Dr. Richard Weis , clinical a ociate profe r, while Dr. Ed immon , profe or, and Dr. R. Geoffrey Wilber poke on managing lower back pain a oc1atcd with colio is. UB orthopaedic surgeon Jame Wopperer,James Whitc,Jr ., Robert ill ·spic, and Benjamin bletz pre ented a long term followup of infantile eptic arthriti of the hip, while Dr . White, imm n , and David Berens compa red T, myelography, and di cography m the diagno and management of lumbar dis disease. Pre ented at the American ciety of urgery of the Hand meeting wa UB orthopaedist Dr. Michael Feinberg' open digit te hnique in Dupuytren' contra ture. The Re ident ' and Fellows' Hand urgery nference paper by Dr . wen May, Jayton Peimer, Mark Koniuch, and raig Howard compared fibron seal adhesive and nonab orbable microsuture in peripheral nerve repair. • 09/86 �18 09/ 86 �19 CLINICALTEACHINGKEEPS THE PROFESSIONALIVE BY JAME M. HASSETT, JR., M.O. Associate ProfessOTof u~gery and Biophy5\C5 T ,. eaching i one of the basic roles of any clinician. le is integral ro the therapeutic relationship between the physician and the patient. Without the true knowledge of the di ease and the therapeutic trategy, any patient's compliance will be lessened. lt is integral to the professional relationship between the physician and the other health care professionals. Without the knowlec}ge of the disease proce s and the therapeutic plan, the dedicated c operation of the entire health care team is reduced. It is integral to the continued development of the physician. Without the continued and lifelong acquisition of the scientific knowledge base, the physician will soon become a modern day shaman . le is mandatory for the continuation of the profe ion . Without the communica­ tion of this knowledge ba e to the succes ive eoeratioo of physicians, the profession itself will ooo die. Those clinical specialties requiring the ma tery of highly technical skills depend on the ability of the eoior "craftsmen" to impart their skill and judgement to the ucceed­ ing generations. The simple de cription of an art form is insufficient to impart the entire meaning of the art and its practice. These clinical specialtie still depend on an "apprentice" form of educational develop­ ment. Those clinical specialties which are more abstract depend le son the apprentice-master relationship for the educational development . The knowledge base can be almost completely acquired by the diligent and scholarly review of the appropriate science and its clinical applications. The apprentice function till exists bur at a much less significant level. The role of the physician-teacher depends on the specialty and the tudent's level. At the initial clinical contact point, all medical students are anempting to learn the "rule of medicine" and the application of the e rules to the clinical situation. Regardless of the clinical specialty, the teacher in this situation has a primary re pon ibility to guide both the intellectual and professional development of the tudent. The level of contact will change within the different specialties but the empha i hould always be re ponsive to the personality differences of the tudents in­ volved. The educational effort must include but hould not be limited to consideration of the cognitive material. The student's pro­ fessional relation hip with the patient and the development of the clinical personality hould alway be considered. It is in ufficient if the teacher relates to the student only through the subject maner itself. This type of relation hip is much coo super­ ficial. It is insufficient if the teacher relates to the student only a a disciplinarian, demanding high degrees of performance and penalizing a performance if it fails to meet ome arbitrary level. lr is also insufficient if the teacher ignore the student and shows no interest in his professional devel pmem or thought process. ( ee P. 24 article on teaching styles.) Educational succe at the clinical entry level depends on a variety of traits and conditions. First, the teacher must possess a great wealth of knowledge. Second, the teacher must have the time co devote to the develop­ ment of the educational environment and the development of this environment in the clinical sening. Third, the teacher must have a sincere interest in the student' development and be willing to communicate the principles of medicine to the student at the student's level. Finally, the teacher must have the patience and clinical maturity to balance all of the e without jeopardizing the clinical outcome of the patient involved. one of these conditions will be successful if the teacher can not motivate the student to work and become personally involved in the educational effort. The motivation to learn is unfortunately not inherent in every student. In some students, motivation i based on the fear of failure and is focu ed on performance in a written examination. The concept that each patient care problem is ate c is often not perceived by the student. If the student is motivated only by test performance, the desire to acquire knowledge and clinical ability may be weakened in the clinical environment. If the desire to help the patient is an insufficient educational motivation, the de ire for knowledge i completely lost. BUFFAID !PMvS•C•ANI U nfortunately, making the . transition from regurg1tau n f material during a written examination to the use of this ame material in a clinical situation is often difficult and the process is not uniform in all students. The teaching technique which I have found t be the mo t uccessful utilize all of these c ncepcs and employ them with the educational dynamics of the "small group" model. I find this ideal in the clinical erring. In each clinical situation, I attempt co develop four pecific educati nal goal . The fir t g al i to motivate each student to learn the cientific basis of the patient's problem and co use the patient as the focus of the course curriculum. The second goal is to make the student profes ionally re pon ible for hi own education and create an atmosphere in which elf-direction is possible. The third goal is to control the student 's educational development without destroying the student's elf-e teem . The final goal i to constantly encourage and channel the tudent' natural f inquiry and diligence. If these processe goals are achieved and the proper educational environment is created, the outcome is dramatic and the proc i fun. Medical teaching will not improve until the criteria for advancement in academic medicine adequately reflect the importance of the art of teaching in the education of the medical student . Pre ently, the criteria for promoti n to unqualified rank in mo t medical school includes the demonstration of clinical xpertise, scientific excellence, and educational effort. The first two are difficult co d but rea on­ ably easy to document. The la ti the mo t difficult to do well and the harde t to certify. Mo t students can recognize quality in teaching. The ability to document and quantify this, however, is difficult. The presently accepted as umption that a g od sciemi tor clinician ha al o acquired the communication skills to be a good teacher hould be challenged. Medical education will improve when rhe teaching effort and the skills of communication become as important as scientific or clinical expertise in academic devel pmcnt. • (Dr.Ha etti a1984 iegelTeachingAward Winner.) 09186 �20 AWARDSHIGHLIGHT ANNUALFACULTY MEETING ( (G etting the tockton Kimball Award last year was something Likegetting an excellent report card in grade school," mu ed Dr. Pearay gra, the 1985 tockton Kimball Awardee . "In grade s h ol, you went home and got hug and kis e from your family for your hard work. In receiving the Kimball Award, I got those 'hug 'from my profe ional family." Thus Dr. Ogra began his pre entation a this year' tockton Kimball lecturer at the Medical cho I' Annual Faculty Meeting n May 2 . The Kimball Lecture is traditionally given by the previou year' Kimball Awardee. Dr. Ogra add re d the Katherine Cornell Theatre crowd on immunological activity on mucosa! membrane surface . He identified eight sites where such activity occurs : the GI and respiratory tracts, salivary, genital, urinary, mammary, and eustachian / middle ear site . Regarding the brea t site, Ogra referred to his re earch that has emphaized the important role of breast feeding for immun logy. Briefly reviewing the hi tory, the profe sor of microbiology and pediatri de cribed how IgA wa first found in erum, and then in milk; in 196 I, Dr. Thoma Tomasi discovered it in external secretion . Toma i, incidentally, was on UB's faculty for eight year and will return sh rtly as the ju t selected new director of Roswell Park Memonal Institute (see separ­ ate article). Dr. John Bienenstock (who presented this year' Harrington Lecture the following day) di covered lgA in the re pira­ tory tract, Ogra added. "Researchers have discovered a number of common characteristics of the mucosa! immune system," the native of Kashmir commented. "All have contact with the external environment; all have muco-ciliary epithelium and a secretory component of lgA. In addition, they have organized follicle of precur or 09/ 86 lymphoid ti ue and they also have lymphocyte traffic." gra went on to de cribe potential inter­ actions between pathogen and ho t ites in mucosa! ti ue . He explained the po ible mechani ms f lgA regulation, including the way they regulate activity, proliferate, circu­ late, and expre s them elves, and what deter­ mine indu tion of vaccine immune re ponses . ln an wer to a que tion, Ogra gave hi opinion that he did not think an intranasal flu vaccine would be developed within the next five year but chat it would definitely be developed after that time. V ice President John aughton, dean of the Medical chool, reviewed the pa t year's mile tone in his Dean's Report at the Annual Meeting . "One mile tone was that (a peak of) 24 or 25 department chair were occupied at one point during the 19 5-19 6 year ... but that changed when two more chair­ men announced their retirement ." The dean al o announced that 19 new clinical faculty po itions were established in the State budget. Many honor were be towed upon our BUFFAID IPHv$i¢1ANI faculty, the dean commented. Foremo tamong them wa the obel Prize in hemistry awarded to Herbert Hauptman, Ph. ., medical director of the Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Inc., and re earch profe r of biophysics . Dr . Robert Gale (M'70) attained international attention a the first . . physician to be invited to Russia to treat the Chernobyl radiation patients . The Early Assurance Program "came of age," aughton aid, with its first applicants about to enter the Medical chool. Ten more were "inducted" to enter the hool in 19 and consideration i now underway to add Canisius ollege t the program. Among ho pita! and clinical developments during the preceding year, the dean rated that the clinical practice plan now ha 9 .6 per cent compliance and 276 participants . "We also have a new Board of Managers for Erie County Medical Center, a new affiliation agreement with Millard Fillmore Hospital, and a major new facility at Buffalo General. In addition," the dean said, "the Buffalo and Batavia VA Medical Center will oon enhance their geriatric program . " The tockton Kimball Award, the Medical hool's highest honor, was presented to Alexander . Brownie, D.Sc., Ph.D., professor and chairman of the Department of Bio­ chemistry, in recognition of hi outstanding contribution to the life f the chool, dedica­ tion to teaching, and hi re earch c ntribu­ tion on the control of adrenal cortex and hyperten ion. A graduate of Edinburgh Univer ity in Scotland, Brownie came to UB in I 963. He i currently al o research profe or of pathology and re earch profe or of medicine. A member of the Endocrine ociety and the American Society of Biological hemisrs , he is treasurer of the A ciation of Chairmen of Medical chool Departments of Bio­ chemi try. Hi Ii t of awards include teaching �21 award from the Medical 1973 and 19 3. ((The chool's Cla s of Dean' Award goes to rwo faculry members (Ors. Eugene Mindell and Richard Ament) whose contributions to the chool of Medicine are legendary," Dr. aughton tated. "Dr. Eugene Mindell has led the Orthopaedic Surgery Department for 22 year . During that rime, he has established a nationally competitive re idency training program and ha recruited an outstanding faculry. In addition, he has become an a ociate editor of The Journalof Bone and Joint urgery and was appointed to the Re idency Review ommittee." Besides being a past president of the American Board of rrhopaedi urgery, he is a fellow of the American Academy of Orth paedic Surgeon and a founding member of the Orchopaedi Research ociety. Dr. Mindell recently announced he will step down as department chair. Dr. Richard Ament, the second Dean's Awardee, "has contributed ignificantly to the growth of the Department of Anesthesi­ ology, and has been responsible for the development of a strong program in the re idency training of anesthesiologists," the dean said. Ament is a clinical professor and director of education programs in UB' Department of Anesthesiology and an anethesiologist at Buffalo General Hospital. The Buffalo native i an alumnus of UB's chool of Medicine. He i a past president of both the American and ew York State Societies of Ane the­ siologi cs and currently erve as treasurer of the World Federation of ociecie of Ane the­ siologists. He wa recently al o honored with the American ociery of Anesthesiologists' highest award. Dr. Marvin L. Bloom, clinical profe sor of medicine, joined with Dr. aughton in formally announcing establishment of the Dr. Harry G. Laforge Convocation Center, in honor of 84-year-old three-time UB alumnus and emeritus professor Harry LaForge. heduled for completion in l989, the onvocation enter will contain a classroom, everal BUFFAID IPHVStCIANj seminar room , and a demonstration room and will be used by the Medical School a a center for continuing medical education. The Buffalo native ha been re pon ible for bring­ ing milli n of dollar of contribution to the niversity, including those of The Hochstetter Foundation. Laforge i one of UB's till practicing senior phy ician de ribed in the ongoing erie (Buffalo Physician December 1985). ' While on UB's faculty as an obstetrician­ gynecologist, he establi hed the Gynecological Re earch Fund in 1948 and co-founded the Annual Participating Fund for Medical Educa­ tion with Dr. Bloom and four other physician . He was honored in 1961 with the amuel P. apen Award, the niver iry' highest alumni award, and i now an emeritus professor. In addition to the awards,James H. Congriff, Jr., M.D., presented a check from the local Women's Auxiliary of the ew York tate Medical ociety for$ l 1,250 to the American Medical A iation-Education Re earch Fund of UB's chool of Medicine. Thi fund is et up entirely to enhance the experience of medical students by providing student loan from a general fund. . Other announcements at the annual meeting included appointments of two new chairmen Dr. Joseph Prezio ( uclear Medicine) and Thomas Flanagan (accin chair, Microbiology) , and the report of the Faculty ouncil by Dr. Reid Heffner, vice chair of Pathology . ew faculty appointments included 89 clinical and 23 basic cience faculty. Four faculty retired at the end of the year and a memorial remembrance was held for the 11 faculty who died during the year. • 091 6 �22 151 receive degrees at 140th Commencement ((w ithin the next few hour , before the un ets, each one of your will be in­ ve ted with power to play God." That wa the invocation offered by Rabbi Samuel Porrath at the School of Medicine's 140th Commencement held in the Univer­ sity's Alumni Arena la t May . Hundreds of proud families and friend ignored the high heat and humidity and voiced their congratula­ tions to the 136 medical tudents who received their M.D. 'sand 15 others who received their Ph.D.'s. After a call to order by Vice President John a ugh ton, dean of the Medical School, Uni ver­ ity Pre ident Steven ample congratulated the new doctors . "These degrees are public testimony of academic achievement and the effort put f rth to attain that achievement," ample said. Class speaker Dr . Walter traus spoke of hi experience in Peru, comparing medicine in an underdeveloped country to the tech­ nologies available in the United States. "In Peru you g to the ho pita! to die," Strau aid, "In the U . . you got the ho pita! to live." Yet with all of this technology available, there are still people in this country without health care becau e of cuts in ocial Security and Medicare, he empha ized. "Within American ociety," he added, "certain population are left out of health care. This is no different than in Peru. I can under tand this in an underdeveloped country like Peru, but for the U.S., this is shameful. We can replace organs and split genes, but we can't provide health care to those in need ." Dr . trauss' concerns were al o shared by keynote speaker Dr. Alfred Gellhorn, director of public affair for the ew York Seate Department of Health. Dr. Gellhorn is a medical profes or and educator who has worked for the health care needs of ociety. He ha been pivotal in shaping health care policies in New York State. ''There has been a devolucionof the patient­ doctor relationship," Dr. Gell horn said. "Thi is a major problem in health care today. Try 09/ 86 to receive your patients a people who are struggling with life. You hould reassure them that the quality of medical practice is high. "We can avoid bad clinical analysi with proper supervision," Dr. Gellhorn advised. "Be sen itive to your limited knowledge and consult with senior phy icians and chiefs of surgery." Talking of the shortage in ew York tate of primary care physicians in general medicine, general pediatrics, and general gynecology, Dr. Gellhorn said, " cw York has more residents than any other state . We lead in every area of medicine except family medicine. Only SO per cent of these residents meet public need ." D r. Gellho _rn emphasized that there are four m1l11onpeople in ew York who live in areas with a shortage of primary care physician . These people, many of whom are BUFFAID jPHV$1¢1AN) over 65, live in poverty-stricken areas with incomes under $8,000 a year. Two-thirds of these people live in ew York ity, where there are only 258 primary care phy icians for every million people. "We need a redistribution of health staff and the development of knowledge in primary and secondary medical profession , "Gell horn said. Turning to the ethical obligations of being a doctor, Dr. Gellhorn reminded the graduates of their debt . "Your education at UB was ubsidized by New York State," he said, "and your residency training is aided by federal, State, and private funding. 1 think we are all indebted." "You have a civic responsibility beyond your medical respon ibility," Dr. Gellhorn cold his new colleagues. " erve in your community and be knowledgeable of national and international i ue . Your role as doctors 1 J �I J is more than one of reacting to ituation that have happened. You mu t al be concerned for the value and problem of ociety." After the keynote addr es , Dean a ugh ton made a special pre entation to Dr. George Harem for hi 50 years of ervice to mankind. A Buffalo-area native, Dr . Hatem received his M.D. in Switzerland and has spend mo t of hi career in China, where he has been re pon ible for the ereadication of venereal di ease, le ro y and other pandemics in that country. "Teaching i the transference of knowledge from one generation to another," Dr . Hatem said . "Thi i the 140th transference of that knowledge at this institution." "The future is your ," he aid to the graduates . "Remember humanity." F ollowing Dr. Harem were Ors . Laurie Loiacono and Dr. Howard tark as co- editor of The Iris, announcing it dedication to Dr. teven Gutman . A pa t recipient of the Dean's Award, the John E. Foley Award, and the iegel Award for clinical teaching, Dr. Gutman was recognized for his pragmatic teaching and witty presentation during his four year in Buffalo. "Today i a day to reflect on accompli h­ ments," re ponded Dr. Gutman, "Completing medical school is a hell of a feat. 1t is a privilege to be a teacher of future phy icians." After Dr . Gutman's re ponse, Dr. Peter Ostrow, as ociate dean , gave the Charge of Maimonide , honoring the 50th anniver ary of his birth. Dean aughron then delivered the Oath of Hippocrate . Dr. Sample confer­ red rhe degrees while Ors. Maggie Wright, Ian athanson, and Jame olan hooded the new M.D.'s. As each of the new doctors signed the Book of Phy icians , mall groups of cheers came from proud families and friends. In rhe benediction, Rabbi Porrath offered one last message. "Leave with pride . Walk with pride. You are now partners with God ." - Jonathan C. Pullano • James Platt White Society honors donors T he choolofMedicineha announced rhe formation of a new society for major contributors to the cho l. E tablished this Fall 1986, the group will be known a the Dean's James Platt White * BUFFAID !PiiYS1¢ 1 AN I Society and will include all donors to the School of $1,000 or more annually. These contributor provide the upporr which helps to make a very g od in titution an excellent one. The commitment each donor makes at thi level helps to put the School on the cutting edge - enabling the very best tu ems to come to the University at Buffalo's Medical cho l; attracting and keeping ome of the top faculty in the nation; and strength­ ening programs which are vital to the advance­ ment of an internationally-renowned chool of Medicine. The Schoo l is very plea ed to recognize and honor each one of its pace etting contributors and look forward to the exciting future they are helping to create. ( *James Platt White ( 1 11-1881) was a grad­ uate of Jefferson Medical College. He began practicing ob / gyn in Buffalo in 1835 and continued in private practice for 40 years. Dr. White was one of the founder of the Medical School; vice president and pre idem of the ew York State Medical ociety; and vice pre idem of the American Medical A ocia­ tion . He wa a founder of the American Gynecological iery and one of the found r of several Buffalo hospitals. He contributed important improvements in the practice and teaching of ob terries by conducting the fir t clinical demonstrations in obstetrics in the United States ( 1850). He also modified ob­ stetrical forceps, reduced an inversion of the uterus ( 1856 ), and advocated anesthesia in childbirth. Dr. White was a professor of obstetrics for 35 year and dean of the School at the time of hi death .) • 09186 �24 TEACHINGSTYLES: WHICH ONE IS YOURS? W hether you are one of the Medical chool' 2400 part and full-time professors and in­ structors, one of the thousands of alumni who are in faculty po itions at ocher in titu­ rion , or in other health profe ion roles, most of you are involved in the art of teaching at one time r another. You reach innumerable medical students, do t ral student , residents, nurses, dental tudents, and therapists . You even teach each other at conference and emina r . o what i your style of teaching? Doe it make you effectiv · or boring? onfrontational or ea y going? Teaching and learning ryles were the topic f one faculty development workshop held at UB. Dr . Norman olkoff, profe or of p ychology in the Medical School's Depart­ ment of Psychiatry, described six particular teaching styles and their pitfalls: • Pat ern ali stic - This type of teacher chink "l'm a replac ment for your parents. I will make all of your imp rtant deci ions for you." Some student may grow to be depen­ dent, while other may grow re enrful. • A u thoritarian - "The information I impart to you may not be challenged; I am the expert," is the attitude of this type. The problem is chat independent judgment i discouraged and tudents don't learn to differ­ entiate between the expert and the information. • a rci.ssistic - This kind of teacher need constant admiration. When he doesn't 09/ 86 receive it, he becomes dcpre sed o r tries to be even more sensational. tudents d n't cru t the teacher and are less apt to take the ubject eriously. • Judge mentaL- The in tructor compare or ridicules tudent . tuden av id the in­ structor because it's easier to remain unaware of one's deficience than t risk humiliation. • E lit i t - Other ' opinion are treated with disrespect and student are patronized. The student maintain di ranee and feel shortchanged. • Compu lsive - The teacher bombard tudent with everything he know about a topic. The re ult is that student get over­ whelmed and turn off. Or, they arc con tantly a king which portion of the material are important to learn. A wa pointed out in the discu ion after olkoff's talk, the methods noted aren't ne essarily bad or mutually exclusive. A teacher might embrace a combination of the style or may use different style as the emesrer progresse . When not taken to the extreme, they can be effective. Just a there are different teaching tyles, there are different learning tyle , olk ff said. He advi ed participant to be aware of individual learning differences and to avoid the a umption that because they learned in a particular way, everyone el e hould. BUFFAID (P H Y$1¢1 A N) The learning cyles olkoff described are: • Av oid a nt - Becau e of poor pre­ university preparation, the tudent expects failure. He may be overwh lmed and retreat. The teacher hould try to recognize thi early and recommend remedial ervic s. If the avoidan e i ignored, it reinforces the expected failure. • In teractive - The e tudent need rein­ forcement from ochers, including the teacher . • Competitive - Especially in professional schools or graduate school, the e tudent are very concerned about grades. The greater the emphasis on grades, the fiercer the competition in class will be. • D epend ent - They see the teacher as the expert and need guidelines and con tant encouragement. Gradual weaning i possible. Adding to the challenge of the difference in learning tyles i the wide range of back­ grounds among students, olkoff said. They represent different ethnic and racial group , age , life tyles, and education goals. He urged the faculty devel pment workshop participant to look ar und the room and notice that che teacher , to , represent many different cultures. "Your own culture will influence you, especially if English is not your first langauge," he said . Solkoff told them to try to understand them clve , how they perceive their tudent , and how their students perceive them. "We all have needs, prejudices and value , " he noted. • �25 Dr. Thomas Tomasi is new RPMI director al needs expansion. "As far as my own re earch is concerned, l plan to remain active and to maintain a lab of my own, " he added. 0 ne of B's affiliated ho pita! ha added a new director. Ro well Park Memorial Ho pita! will now be headed by Thomas 8 . Tomasi, M.D., Ph.D. , tate Health Commi ioner David Axelrod, M.O., ha announced . Or. Toma ii an internationally recognized immunologi t who had been most recently director of the Univer ity of ew Mexico ancer enter in Albuquerque . Toma i emerged a the leading candidate for the director hip of Ro well Park following a earch for a new director that began la t October. More than 50 candidates were evaluated by the search committee. The search began after Or. Gerald Murphy, director for 15 years, resigned. Or. John Wright, chairman of B' Oepartmenrof Pathology, was selected co serve a interim director while the earch was under way. From 1965 through 1973, Or. Tomasi was profe or of medicine at B and director of it Division of Immunology and Rheumatic i ea e. "It i a real plea ure to be back in Buffalo after 12 year , " commented Dr. Toma i, who al o has family in Buffalo . "We look to Or . Toma i to bring a fre h and innovative approach to the leader hip of Roswell Park Memorial Institute and to the design of a strategic plan to guide the cancer center into the 21st century," Gov. Mario uomo aid in a tatemenr. "During my fir t 12 months, I will meet with the clinical and re earch faculty to initiate my continuing education proce con­ cerning the in titute and it need ," Tomasi noted. "I'd like to trengthen Roswell's clinical and graduate education problem ," he said, adding, "One of my goal al o will be to ati fy the need for additional high quality per onnel. The commitment of the State and the prestige of the institute will certainly help draw high quality staff here . lt will also be nece sary to addre s need for more patient space, including pos ible constructi n of a new hospital." Axelrod mentioned that Or. Toma i and his institution will work to enhance the T "W ell knoum immunologist, most recently the director of the Uni versity of New Mexico Cancer Center, was sel£cted from 50 candidates. " undergraduate and graduate programs of 8 . "I am intere ted in furthering relations with UB . The interaction with UB will be of benefit to both in tituti n ," Tomasi agreed. Ti have existed between Ro well Park and UB for many year . Roswell oeprate a major graduate program, the Ro well Park Graduate Division, which is a separate unit under UB. In addition, the institute is one of rhe six affiliated teaching hospitals of UB's Medical chool, and is used to tram medical tudents and re idents. La tly, about 85 per cent of Ro well' senior scienti ts have joint faculty appointments with UB, mo tly in the Medical chool. "Research areas at Roswell that need to be strengthened," Toma i related, "include re­ earch inro use of certain natural substance from blood cells, biological modifiers uch a interferon. The bone tran plantation program BUFFAID (PHVS1¢tANI omasi's discovery of the existence of the human muco al immune y tern laid th foundati n for development of oral vaccine and an under randing of the major function the muco al system erve in health and di ease . He is the author or co-author of more than 300 scienafic article , and ha servt!d on the editorial board of everal scientific journal . F llowing graduation in 1950 from Dart­ mouth Collegt! with highest distinction, and the Univer ity of Vermont School of Medicine magna um laude in 1954, Dr. Tomasi erved his intern hip and re idency training in internal medicine atthe olumbia Pr byterian Medical enter in ew York. He received his Ph.D . in biochemistry and immunology from Rocke­ feller niver ity in 1965 . After complenng his research training, he was recruited by the Univer icy of Verm nt a chairman of the Oivi ion of Experimental Medicine and chief of medicine at the DeGoe briand Ho pita[, the major teaching hospital of the univer icy. While he wa at UB for eight year , he was ba ed fir t at Buffalo General where he did clinical work in immunology. He then moved to Erie ounty Medical enter where he al o taught medical tudent and treated patient . He left UB co become chairman of the Department of Immunology at the Mayo linic and Medical School. In 1981, he moved to the Univer ity of ew Mexico, where he became director of its cancer center, Oistingui hed Profe r of ell Biology and chairman of its Department of ell Biology, among other po itions. Dr. Axelrod pointed out "the extra rdinary job done by Or . John Wright, the interim director, to whom we are vt!ry much indebted, along with the cooperation of SU Y. Wright will now return to UB to resume his chair­ manship of the Deparment of Pathology . While Tomasi has received numerous h n r and recognition , it is al n table that among that 66 po tdoctoral fellow he has trained, 12 are n w department r divi ion chief: . • 09/ 86 �26 Designed for the 21st century, new buildin g optimizes pa tient care and convenience for p hysicians ( e pledge our elve to re pect the dignity of every human being and co care for them with cenderne , patience, and integrity. From che mo tcommon ca k to che mo t highly-skilled mind and hand, we promi e co do ur be c. o one can promi e m re ...no one hould promise les ." *** ( w *** With che e words, the Re. Rev. Harold B. Robin on, Bi hop of the Epi c pal Di ce of We tern ew Y rk, helped dedicate the new Buffalo General Ho pica!medical tower build­ ing on Friday, June 20, 19 6. The tower ha been designed co meet We tern ew York' health care needs well into the 21st century. le did not happen overnight, but is the re ult of a decade of planning, designing, and building, under the guidance of William Kinnard, M.D ., BGH president ince 1975. Moreover, it is the culmination of a 130-year commitment co excellence in hospital-ha ed healch care delivery . 09/ 6 The 1 50s were an era of great change in Buffalo. The city had een its population increase by over 700 per cent in le s than 20 year and the University of Buffalo had functioned for nearly ten year without an affiliated teaching ho pita!. By I 55, the City of Buffalo had seen its population increase to 74,214. In chat year, a group of civic-minded citizen raised funds to purcha ea parcel ofland on rural High treet, at the edge of the burgeoning city. There, three year later , they opened the Buffalo General Ho pita!, a 100-bed facility heated by 25 wood-burning st ves. Then U .. Pre ident Millard Fillmore dedicated the ho pita! on June 28, 185 . It was just the beginning. venteen building projects during the next 11 I years and a merger in 1979 with the Deaconess Ho pica! of Buffalo re ulted in a ho pita! complex with ten time as many beds a its 1 5 ancestor. The BGH opened a urgical amphitheater in 1 99, a children' hospital in 1909, its fir t BUFFAID (PHY$ 1 ¢1AN I outpatient clinics in 1932, and a bigger, better urgical suite in 1937. The hospital ' fir t eparate emergency department opened in 1952; the area's first inten ive care unit followed 13 years later. 1969 marked the dedicati n f Buffalo General 's A Building, with improved emergency care facilitie and more patient beds. ln 1973, the ommunity Mental Health nter opened .. Over the year , there were many medical "fir t " - We tern ew York' fir tu e f hypodermic needle , thermometers, in ulin to treat diabete , " patch-graft" technique in cardiac urgery, and ucce ful kidney tran plant and c hlear implant procedure . The 19 6 dedication marked the beginning of another new era. *** The concept for the BGH cower pr je c emerged from the hospital' ongoing long­ range planning process. In the mid-70 , tudie indicated the mutual benefits of the BGH and Deacone planning together to meet their community' future health care need . �27 "A joint decision wa made by the ho pital's governing boards to merge and chen to fully develop acute-care facilitie at High erect and to utilize the Deacone ( I 00 I Humboldt Parkway) as a I ng term care facility," explained Thomas A. Carmichael, BGH vice president and director of planning . With quality patient care as our top priority, we decided to rebuild our inpatient facilitie and renovate our older building for upport departments and office area . From an economic standpoint, it wa the mo tefficient way co address our patient ' need." The 19 6 dedication marked the comple­ tion of the new construction pha e of the project, re ulting in a virtually new 18-level A Building . The second phase, renovati n of B, , and D Building , will be fini hed by next summer. Building Ai connected co Building Bat ten level , providing direct access between patient care and support department . The hospital's new 16-room urgical suite, for in ranee, i a corridor away from the renovated Department of urgery offices. "The program is being completed in pha es to en urea continuity of q ualicy care through­ out chi five-year process," Carmichael added . * grow," Kinnard told the Dedication Day crowd. "Our 'new' Buffalo General Ho pital i large enough for us to continue our role a We tern ew York' health care leader. At the ame time, we will continue to recognize each patient's individual, pecial need . " And in the words of Bi hop Robin on, the hospital will serve "the healers and the helpers, those who teach and those who learn, rho e who weep and those who laugh, the rich and the poor, the loved and the unlovable, the cared for and tho e who have no helper." It will be there whenever its community need it. • - Diane M. Zu:1recki I ** The new building optimizes patient care and phy ician convenience. Patient rooms have private showers, individual wardrobe compartments, and direct-dial telephones. Panels of windows aero s the upper-floors provide panoramic views of the City of Buffalo and its landmarks. The surgical suite features pecially-equipped rooms for cardiac , orthopaedic, and neurourgical procedure . There is a 30-bed mater­ nity department, a 20-station renal dialysis unit, and a new I bby, admissions area, and 250- eat auditorium. A total of 66 inten ive care bed include 1 for coronary patients, 16 in medical l.C. U ., and 32 in urgical I. . U • In all, the tower hou e 790 acute-care beds. There are 60 more beds in the Mental Health enter and the goal for the Deacone Divi ion is approximately 240 long-term care beds, according to armichael. The new BGH tower was dedicated to the hospital' patient , employees, physicians, and volunteer . "Together, we've watched chi ho pital BUFFAID [PHVSICI A Nl 09186 �28 UB, Millard Fillmore sign affiliation pact ( ( T he merger of intellectual a ets," Jan R. Jenning , the president of Millard Fillmore Hospital, call It. "The formalizing and strengthening of a profe sional partner hip," adds UB Vice President John aughton, M.D., dean of the Medical School. Thi is how they describe the significant new agree­ ment which formalize the affiliation between the Medical chool and Millard Fillmore Ho pital, the nivcr ity's sixth affiliated hospital. The other five affiliated hospitals are Erie ounty Medical enter, Buffalo General, hildren's, V.A. Medical enter, and Ro well Park . Beside Millard Fillmore's main hospital facility at Gates Circle, the agreement include its Suburban Hospital in Amher t. "Thi ho pical will provide additional bases for obstetrics and family medicine residency training, and i unique in that it will for the fir t time provide a suburban environment for training and programs," aughton re­ marked. The affiliation agreement is clearly of mutual benefit to both in titurion , aughton and Jennings agree. "Millard Fillmore Hospital 09/ 86 will complement, not compete with, our efforts," Naughton emphasized. "Our goal is to come do er in joining educational and institutional intere ts ." Jan Jennings, in his president's message in la t pring' is ue of the hospital' quarterly, The Reporter,stated that Millard Fillmore's "multihospital sy tern now is a part of the resources (of U Y Buffalo), tapping into th se benefits while lending its own expertise." The benefit to the Medical School and Millard Fillmore Ho pital will be noticed in their clinical, re earch, and educational program . In the educational arena, both medical tudent and re idency education will be enhanced. Millard Fillmore' ambulatory program will provide more opportunities for expanding training urgery rotations. The fact that the ho pital has the large t clinical pharmacokineric laboratory (do ely tied to UB's School of Medicine) in the country is a real strength, the dean points out. imilarly, it strong bioengineering group is unique among Western ew York's hospitals, and will nicely tie into UB's Health Related In trument and Device Institute (HIDl) and Center for Advanced Technology (CAT). The affiliation will, in particular, help Millard and UB adapt to the changing trends BUFFAID (PHvS1¢1"N) in graduate education programs." ew York State will soon be etting targets for a reduc­ tion of residency program ," Jennings ex­ plain . "The first to go will be the non­ Univer ity affiliated, and rho e not offering the triad of in truction, research and patient care," char the Accrediting Council of Graduate Medical Education now demand . Millard Fillmore Ho pital (MFH) now participates in three University-affiliated re idency programs : ob-gyn ( with rotations recently added to MFH' uburban Hospital); radiology; and family medicine ( with a second trainin site just establi hed at the Suburban Hospital, in addition to the base at Buffalo General's Deacones facility). Millard Fillmore ha ix free standing residency programs: anesthe iology, internal medicine, neurology, pathology, and surgery. These are the programs that could be affected by rhe tate' new rules, according to Jenning . A the new affiliation agreement is imple­ mented, the e free- tanding program will gradually associate with the University' pro­ grams and become part of the Graduate Medical-Dental on ortium . The joining of six MFH programs with UB' residency programs will broaden the range of training experience available . The most notable new opportunity may well be for neurology residents , since the respected Dent eurologic institute offer experience available nowhere else in We tern New York. The gradual merging of residency programs and implementation of the affiliation agree­ ment will probably result in ome full-time joint faculty appointment . Both UB and the hospital have goals to enhance and expand their re earch efforts. The coupling of their effort through the affiliation will therefore a i teach institution in striving toward thargoal. A with education, UB will benefit by being able to tap the hospital' research re ource , notably neurology, bioengineering, and pharmaco­ kinetics. UB's research resources will, in turn, help Millard Fillmore to attract quality clinical re earcher and funding. La tly, in the clinical arena, enhancement of programs will gradually take place. "We will ensure, however, that implementation will be evolutionary so that disruption of �29 programs will be prevented," a ugh ton assured . In add1ti n, the B-a iated hand urger program run by Dr. layt n Peimer, who hold B appointment in orthopaedic , anatomy and rehab medicine, relocated to M FH in January 19 6. Furthermore, the Millard Fillm re and hildren's hospital now have an affiliation agreement for a neonatal care and high risk pregnancy program ( ec separate article). Dr. aughcon pointed our how the B affiliation conforms to national trend and pre ures on the health care y tern. Be ide the national trend toward re idency programs becoming univer icy-associated, "inter-institu­ tional cooperation i now required in thi day and age." In addition, the training of d crors to better meet the need of the expanding uburban population will n w be enhanced by the addition of a uburban ho pita!. More than ju t a linking of two separate in tituti ns, the agreement i really the con ­ necting fa circle of relation hip . Millard Statistical Profile on Millard Fillmore Hospital ( 1985) Year Founded No. of Pattents 1st Year o. of Patient Admitted 1985 Ga tes Circle Suburban 1872 1974 347 16,27 563* o. of Beds Total 92 4 39 8,3 2 24,6 60 151 714 77 .3% Average Per cent Occupancy 17,289 Total Inpatients 10,356 2 0 ,0 10 o. of Outpatient Visits 20,010 o. of Emergency Visit 22,414 28,439 Total Patient Days - Oro s 159,094 51,891 664 1, 82 Live Births 50 ,85 3 210,985 2, 546 34 3 No. Doctors on Active Staff No. of House 2 7,645 95 taff o. of Operations 13,847 5,759 9 3, 561 ,000 Gross Patient Income $78 ,650,000 Total Operating Expenses Total Donations from $ 600,125 Community •1ndude.s skilled naming fa.:1l111es BUFFALO fPHv$1¢1ANI Fillmore's parent company, Vita!liance orp . ha a subsidiary which is now c ntracting to manage another important affiliated ho pita!, Erie ounty Medical enter. • Children's & Millard plan joint care effort C hildren's and Millard Fillmore hospital announced la t May that they will be finalizing a formal agreement to mutually develop a plan for enhancing Millard Fillmore' ob-gyn servi e . The agreement repr nts a unique arrangement between the two major tea hing ho pita! for the enhancement of ob tetrical and neonatal are in W ·stern ew York . The relationship involve a ooperative interaction whereby Millard Fillmore ubur­ ban Ho piral' · labor, delivery, and newborn program will be enhanced with the additions of ervice from The hildren' Ho pital. The linkage will parri ularly benefit mother and babie with unexpc red and dangerou om ­ plicarions of childbirth. According to J.E . t1bbard , pre idem of hildren' Ho I ital, "Thi rr je t, a neo ­ natal / pregnant patient tran fer agreement, will expand th· current medical ervi e available to Millard' urroundingcommunity, a uring m re omprehen ive are for the children and women four region ." The initial pha e of the program will ur over the next ix co 12 month . etailed guideline have been establi hed t maintain effective operation procedure and maximize efficiency of care. The Children• Hospital perinatal program will hare person­ nel, policie , and training with Millard. The maternity and normal newborn pr gram will have ommon polici 'S and tructure at both h pita! a well. hildren' and Millard Fillmore Suburban will engage in a joint proce to a recruit a full-time chief of neonarology and a full-time chicfofo tetri andgyne ologyat uburban. In additi n, two nurse clinicians, one pecial ­ ized in labor and delivery, the ther in neonatology, will be pre enc at Suburban to facilitate the development of a center of excellence in ne natal care. 09 86 �30 In conjunction with the enhanced ob / gyn service at uburban, Millard Fillmore Gate Circle will close its delivery unit bccau e of the teadily declining number of deliverie ( 662 last year). The Gates Circle facility will continue, however, to operate its ob / gyn clinic which serve more than 3,000 women a year. This clinic "and the enhancement of ob tetrical care at Suburban will enable us to c ntinue ur trong commitment to providing the highe t quality of care," aid Jan R. Jennings, pre idem f Millard Fillmore Ho pitals. Edmund A. Egan, M.D., chief f newborn inten ive care at hildren's Hospital, aid, "Our regional perinatal center will continue to be a referral facility for high-ri k pregnan ie and newborn inten ive care for Millard Fill- more uburban Ho pita! and all of Western ew York. In addition, we will be directly involved daily in the operation of Millard Fillmore uburban's maternity and newborn program." In 1985, hildren' Hospital delivered 4,500 babies; Millard Fillmore uburban ircle Hospital delivered I, 2 and the Gate Hospital, 662 babie . • shock-free, gentle movements that reduce dizzine and tre s, while producing highly effective radiography and state-of-the-art imagery . It is especially u eful for ga tro­ intestinal studies and its com act, micro­ computenzed X-ray control enables con­ vement remote control operation. • in the blood ve els. A contrast medium 1s miected into the patient's arm or leg through a catheter. A computer linked to an x-ray machine creates an image of the dye circulat ­ ing through the part of the body bemg tudied. The computer 1s able to subtract from the x-ray picture all the part not being tudied - images of bone, fat, and mu de -leaving only a picture of the arteries." And because tt's computer controlled, it is com­ pletely upgradeable," ay Dr. David Rowland, chief of radiology and a UB clinical a si tant profe sor of radiology. "If there are changes or if new program are developed, we just simply change the software." • Ho pital briefs New device will treat kidney stones B uffalo General Ho p1tal has joined forces with the Western ew York Stone Treat­ ment Center to undertake acquiring an Extra­ corporeal Shock Wave Lithotripter, according to William Kinnard, Jr ., M.D., president of the h pital. De igned for non-surgical treat­ ment of kidney stones, it will be hou ed at the f he W Y h spiral under the operation urologist group. • BGH creates new care corporation B uffalo General Hospital' corporate restructuring ha created General Care Corporation, a parent holding company that oversee health care and human service enterprises. Ir has also entered into a joint venture with Home Health Care of America, Inc., and the Buffalo Me 1cal Group to form AdvancedHome areofW Y,aprogre ive home health care company. • RPMI adds gyroscopic table for X-rays R oswell Park Memorial Institute has ac­ quired the area's first Toshiba Universal Gyroscopic X-Ray TV Table. It offers patien 09/ 86 Mercy is first with 'Li£eline' voice unit M ercy Hospital is the fir t hospital in .Y. State to use a new "Lifeline" Voice Unit. imply by pre ing a personal help button, worn by the patient at all times, the voice communicator can be activated by the Lifehne subscriber wtthin 200 feet of the home unit. Depending on the patient' res­ ponse, the Ambulatory Care enter evaluate what help may be needed, including an emerg ncy quad response . • Sisters improves angiography system S I cer Hospital ha greatly improved angiography procedure and reduced pattent anxiety by introducing Western ew York' only fully computerized digital sub­ tractton angiography y tern. The sy tern produces image of the artene which can reveal narrowing, blockage, or ther roblems BUFFAID jPwvS1¢1AN) First layperson heads Mercy board T he first layperson to be named pre ident of the Mercy Ho p1tal Board of Director has been announced by lts admini trator i ter ~heila Mane, R . . M. The new pre i­ dent is attorney Co urtl and La Vallee, a B law graduate and partner m the law firm of Moot, prague, Marcy, Landy, Fernbach and mythe. The ho pica! al o announced the opening of it new Ga ·trointc tinal Lab, a even ­ room uite with modern equipment . • (From Mercy Hosp1to rs "Merceven ts· neNSletter) �Reunion class es pledge $1 30,000 T hcclasse of 1931, 1936, 1941, 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, and 1976 joined together this year to make the large t pledge in the hi tory of the B ch ol of Medicine. ver $130,000 wa pledged t the chool through the' B Foundation by the member of ten alumni cla se who met la t May for their reunion . One alumnu , Richard C. Batt, M.D., lass of 1936, a retired radiologi t who re ides in Glen Fall , . Y., donat d a valuable ollection of 12 x-ra y tube and 266 radiological j urnal published in the early 1900 . The tube include six tatic ele tricity tube u ed in elcctrothcrapeutics; a Pifford ga tube, pro­ duced about 1907; and two hot-cathode vacuum x-ray tubes of the type invented in 1913 by Dr. W.D. oolidgeand manufactured by General Electri o. "I have treasured the above items not only a gift from pioneer radiologi t or their wid w - buras ource of pirit, knowledge, creativity, and a type of thinking in our prcdece sors who e ientific carche for truth have helped me. ow I would like to hare these with other ," Batt aid. His contributions to B arc now hou ed in the new Health iencc Library. Batt pecialized in rhe field of radiology be au e of the influence of Dr. J.W. Baylis, the physician wh br ught him into thi world. Bayliss became a pioneer in radio! gy. Coincidentally, part of the tube collection Batt donated once belonged ro Bayli s. Batt, a Buffalo native, practiced radiology from I 940 ro 19 3, when he retired. Since 1946, he ha lived in Glens Fall . For ~ ur year before entering private practice, he wa chief of radiology at Glen Fall H spiral. He designed hi wn building, located at 2 Park Street, to accommodate hi practice in radiology. Batt began his collection - x-ray were fir t di covered in 1896 - because he was fa cinated with the people who preceded him. "I t ' edifying to ee what went on before us," Batt said. - W. Hunt • 19 31 First Row Seated (left to right): Virgil H. F. Boeck, Walter . Walls, Walter D. Westinghouse, Jame E. Long. Second Row Standing (le(, 10 right): Joseph C. Tedesco, Gustave A. Daluiso, Donald Donovan, Thomas S. Bumbalo, Robert A. Ullman . J9 J 6 First Row Seated (left to right): Donald Brundage, Hubbard K. Meyers, Martin A. Angelo, Eli A. Let1en, Thomas F. Houston, William F. Lipp, Marvin Amdur, Edward G. Eschner. Second Row ,anding (Left to right): Fred E. Gorman,John G. Ball,John T. angelosi, Harold F. Wherley, Vicwr L. PdLicano, Alexander}. Bellanca, Willard G. Fischer, Walter P. Ko/:,rucki, Alfred Chcrr:;, Bernard tell, Richard C. Bau, Jerom '). Glauber, Thomas C. McDonough. 1986 donations 10,allcd $31,337. BUFFAID [PHV$1¢1ANI 09/86 �32 We express our deep appreciation to this year's 1,251 dues-paying Medical Alumni. A special thank you to the nine reunion classes 1936, 1941, 1946, 1951, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976 - who contributed a record $13Z,8ZO. l 3 to the Medical School. Your generosity has made a lasting benefit to your School! T hose who earn medical degrees from UB's Medical hool are not it only alumni. Every year approximately 200 physicians complete their re• sidencies from UB Medical chool affiliated program , thus represent• ing the "other" group of UB Medical School alumni. To reinforce thi fact, the UB Medical Alumni A sociation is recognizing graduates of UB's residency programs by formally e tablishing a new cla s of mem• ber hip: Associate Member. Further contributing to this rein­ forced emphasis i the fact that all free- tanding re idency programs in Buffalo will gradually be merged with the University y tern, as dictated by State policy. UB residency program graduates are encouraged to retain their ties with the Medical School and its eight a ociated teaching ho pital . Residency program alumni in­ tere ted in joining their alumni as ociation may contact it at (716) 631-2778. • 09 86 1941 First Row Seated (left to right); Pasquale A. Greco, Mary Henrich Botsford, Thaddeus Bugelski, George L. Eckherl, Elmer S. Graben, Roman). hubert. econd Row (Left to right): Donald W. Hall,Jack W. Herrmann, Allen A. Pierce , Phili1> B. W eis . Third Row (left to right): Russell . Kidder, Eug ene). Hanavan, Harold L. Kl einman. Fourth Row (left to right); Bradley Hull, Arnold Gross. ,Q86 dona tions totalled $7, 425. 1?16 First Row eated (left 10 right): Han-y E. Petting,John L. Smith, William P. Wal.sh, W. William Tornow, Annabel M. Irons, Edward F. Gudgel, orman omoff, Harold). Levy. Second Row landing (left to right): Edward A. Fial, Paul M. Walctak, Richard). Valone, harl es D. Bauer, ~yron E. Williams, Ross Imburgia, Eugene M. Marks, Amo). Piccoli. Third Row Standing (left lo right): Lawr ence H. Gold en, Carl). Im/)ellitier , Richard W. Munschauer, Herbert S. Pirson, Roland T. Pixley , Arthur G. Vogt, Stanley J. Cyran , harl es A. Joy. 19'36dona tions totalled $18, 443. BUFFAID s [ P " V I C I A N I �1951 First Row eated (left to right): Robert L. ecrist, Anthony C. Barone, Eugene V. Leslie, Dean John aughton, Allen L. Goldfarb, Th eodore L. Bash, August A. Bruno. econd Row landing (l eft to right): O.P.]ones, Donald L. Barone, Marvin]. Plcsko~v, Robert H. Burke,Jay B. Belsky, Adolph Smith, Gerard E. Schult:::, Carl R. Conrad, Milton Robinson, Wilson W. haw, Edward A. Penn, James V. LoVerde, Leonard . Dan:::ig, Ludwig R. Koukal. 1986 donations totalled 12,500. 1956 First Row eated (Left to right); Jack D. Grabow, Hugh F. 0' eil, John M. Hodson. econd Row eated (left to right): H erman R. Schoene,]ean G. Haar, Peter F. Gol'Tgen, Edmond] . Gicewiq, Richard R. Gacek, Joseph L. Kun.;. Third Row randing (left to right): Bernard H. Sklar , Paul . Ronca, Peter D'Arrigo , John D. Bartels, Robert E. Reisman, George]. Alker, Warren M. Swager,Joseph]. Darlak. Fourth Row (left to right): George H. Chri 1, Robert B. Corretore, Dennis P. H eimback, Datiid Ben-Asher, Anthony P. Santomauro, Carl . chueler. 1\)86donauons totalled $9,415. 1961 First Row Seated (left 10 right): Seymour Liberman, Edwin]. Manning, Frederick . Cieslak, Ronald H. Usiak, Carlo E. De antis, ylvia Rou si Kennedy, Michael Madianos, Datie B. Olim, Harold Brody. econd Row tanding (left to right): Geoffrey O. Carr,]ames R. Marke/Lo, Kevin E. Bove, orman E. Hornung,]. Anthony Brown, Henry F. Goller, Richard C. Hatch, Gerald V. chwart::;, David R. Fleisher, Eugene A. Cimino. ,Q86 dona11ons101alled , 2,925. 1966 First Rou , eated (Left to right): Robert M. Barone, Michael 1. Weintraub, Jared C. Barlow, John Rubenstein, Thomas W. Bradley, Louis}. Antonucci, anford H. chwarti. econd Row landing (Left 10 right):]ohn E. poor,James]. Cuffe, Melvyn B. Lewis, Edwin H.Jenis, Jeffrey L. Kahler, William G. Gross, Kenn eth Klemenlowski, Ross L. Guarino, Virginia Rubenstein, William L. Sperling, Ross E. McRonald, Wayne P. Fricke, Charles]. Smith 19 6 dona11orutotalled $8,, oo. 1971 First Row Seated (Left 10 right): Scott D. Kirsch, David M. Rowland, Michael Baron,John M. Antkowiak, igmund S. Gould. e_ond Row tanding (left to right): tanley B. Lewin, James]. McCoy, ll1~ J. Weinrieb, Douglas S. Richardson, Martin . Mango. 1o86 donauons lotalled $9,875. 1976 Fir t Row eated (left to right): Robert Rutkowski, Russell Besseue, hristinc Pritiitera, Carmen Metildi, Deborah Beiter, Robin L. Millcr. econd Row landing (left to right): Alan Burke, Leonard Metildi,]immy Macool, Adolfo Firpo, ALB. Benson 1()86donauoru 101al!ed $4,815. BUFFAID JPHV$1¢1ANI 09 / 86 �34 an Francisco, California A 0 C American Academy of Family Physician October I l, 19 5 Y our Medical Alumni A ciation, in it attempt to bring the As ocia­ tion to all its members, ha held receptions in conjunction with national medical meetings, in various cities throughout the country. The r ceptions have pro­ vided Alumni with the opportunity of meeting with old and new friends, seeing and hearing about the many changes that are taking pla e at the Medical chool; how the ity ha begun to develop its 09 6 waterfront and revitalize the downt wn area with new and rehabilitated building and a light rail transit that will run from downtown to the University. Tho who have attended the recep­ tions have enjoyed themselves. Won't you join us when a future reception is held at a nati nal meeting that you would be attending or one held in your city? BUFFAID [PttvJ 1 ¢ 1 ANI "" �35 AAMc Octoht!r 29, 19 4 hicago, Illinois r * American ollcgc of ' urgeon October 16, 1985 Chicago, Illinois 10 o ogica l ollegc of arch 10, Atlanta, Georgia * American College of urgeon October 22, 19 6 ew Orleans, Loui iana Co-hosiedlry Dcp' t ' urgcry BUFFAID s•c c> H v 1 ,.. N 1 09 1 ��37 ot acobsen This seniorpediatrician exhibitsyouthfulnesswell into his geriatricyears This i the last in a erie f profiles of nine UB enior phy te1an . They r present only a ampling of individual who, after leaving a legacy in their fir t seven decade , decided to remain active contributor to ociety long after other would have withdrawn. Together, they helped to create new institutions or bring them to national prominence; change the face of medicine through their pioneering di coveries; and attract renowned figure and tens of millions of dollar to their in titutions. They live their Ion and fruitful live as models for their y unger peer to emulate. Unquestionably one of the finest examples to emulate, the spirited and portful A. Wilmot Jacob en i ne of th e rare people who publi hed hi phil ophy for healthy living into the advanced years - and then actually followed ic. I t eem only fitting that a phy ician who has treated three generation of patient in their pediatric years should exhibit o much youthfulne long into hi own "geriat­ ric" year . In fact, A . Wilmot Jacob en, M.D ., , rivals many of the children he see With hi agility, rapid gait, enthu ia m, and the parkle in his eye. He exemplifie the quote by Harry Erner on Fosdick, "It i magnificent to grow old if one keep young ." When he i not eeing patients ("now cut way down to 50 a week"), Dr. Jacob en' Physical and intellectual activity covers the gamut from competitive ports to writing, re earch, art , gardening, and traveling. With time taking it toll on other , he remark about hi active schedule, "my older colleagues are dropping out, and are being replaced by Younger people." On UB' medical faculty since 1927, the erneritu professor of pediatrics ha lived and Practiced at 187 Bryant St. for half a century. Jacob en' wife, Evelyn Heath Jae b en, is two year hi elder and a UB alumna and BY BRUCE S. KER H ER fell w pediatrician. Their private home rand adjacent to Children's Ho pita I, the in titution who e pediatric department they helped to shape. After completing his residency at Johns Hopkins Ho pita!, A . Wilmot Jacobsen came to Buffalo' hildren's Hospital in I 926. There he contributed to the h pital' rise to nati nal prominence by organizing what turned out to be the area' first major out-patient pediatrics department. In a econd way, he helped u her in the new era of academic clinician that led to the h pita!' ri e under Dr. Mitchell Rubin, beginning in 1945. A told by Dr. Rubin, "You don't do these things alone. Dr. Dougla Arnold, who was then head of the Department of Pediatric at the BUFFALO (PHYS1¢1ANj Children' Hospital, and Dr. William Orr who was professor of pediatric in the De~ partment at the Medical School, b th gave up their po ition when I came and the two position were combined into one position for me. Dr. A. Wilmot Jacob en resigned his po ition as head of the Out-Patient Depart­ ment. I would ay the trio of them were tremend u ly upportive f what we were trying to do . We could not have developed the Department f Pediatrics without their upport and their willingne to give up their po itions" (from an interview by Dr . Ronald Batt in Buffalo Physician, December 19 3 ). Ever ince he arrived at Children' , Dr. Jacob en has been there throughout every new development, contributing to it growth and nurturing. Besides Jacob en' integral role in the rise of hildren's Hospital, he is re p n ible for veral clinical achievements . In 1935, he wa the fir t to recognize and de ribe a number of diver e yndrome a really belonging to one entity which he called hereditary o te hon­ drody trophy. The disease wa ub equently named Jacob en' disea e in hi h nor by the late Dr. Robin Bannerman. Jacob en had the di tinction of having a second di ea e named after him, at lea t for a while, when he reported the fir t ca es of cat scratch fever in the area . He ha had a lifelong intere t in writing, especially in the areas of general and medi al hi tory. Hi fir t publication, a 114-page hi tory of hi World War I army artillery unit, pre-date the be inning of his medical career by five year . He ha uncovered a number f fa cinating medical subjects since then. In a 1961 journal of europsychiatry, he reported the fir t his­ torical case of the benefit of convul ive h k therapy . He dis overed the case in the 09 �38 diary of a missionary wife on Hawaii in 1850 where he de cribed how she inadvertently took strychnine instead of quinine. he sur­ vived the severe convulsions only to realize afterward that she had suddenly topped suffering from what would be considered today a p ychiatric disorder . The pediatrician is best known in recent years for his medical analysis of the assassina­ tion and treatment of President McKinley in 1902 during his visit to Buffalo (see Buffalo Physician,September 19 4 ). Hi controversial conclusions have been discussed before medical societies, and have appeared in the LosAngeles Times, Chicago Tribune, and elsewhere. Another one of his major hobbies is tennis, which he still plays competitively three times a week. A tenni enthu iast for 77 years, he was described in a local magazine article" Age is a State of Mind For The Tennis Vct" when he wa about 0: "Jacobsen moves agilely from side to side while awaiting the chance to lap home a forehand winner. Good-naturedly likened by the group to the 'Roadrunner' canoon character in view of his slight physique and quickness of foot, this remarkable man still possesses a flat forehand unrivaled by most. " Among his other active hobbies are photo­ graphy (he won hi latest award last year), painting ("l have dozens"), and gardening (highlighted by his fern collection of 25 species). Hi worldwide travels have slowed a bit in recent years, but not before he compiled several lifetimes of tales and adventures . One of his most memorable wa a 1958 voyage that turned out to be the first expedition by tourists to Mexico's "Lost Canyon of the Conquistadors," formally known in English as Copper Canyon. Still not found in tourist literature, the unexplored abyss is deeper than the Grand Canyon by 2,000 feet. Despite the tropical erring of cactus, waterfalls, and orchids, "at the summit," his account goes, "we slept in a pup tent that was buried in five feet of snow overnight." During the expedition, Jacobsen received his mo t unusual payment for medical services. One day he wa approached by a primitively­ dressed Tarahumara Indian man who had abdominal pain. He examined the man and, 09/ 86 fearing appendicitis, advised him to get to the nearest hospital (250 miles away). The grateful man paid his thanks in what he considered the mot meaningful way. He presented Or.Jacob­ sen with a memento of his ancestors - a pre-Columbian, tone-age pounding axe. The sense of both wilderness and history of the forgotten Copper Canyon is summed up in one experience. "Riding mules down pre­ carious cliff-edge trails, we arrived upon an ancient pani h church at the bottom of the canyon. It was an odd sensation," Jacobsen relates, "to realize that it was con tructed in 1530, and we were the first white people to visit it in perhaps two centuries." His medical expertise came in handy during another expedition, this time a 1983 vi it to the Canadian Rockies . En route by horseback to snow-capped Mt. Assiniboine, he and his party arrived at their cabins to find a group bearing tretchers with the limp bodies of two young women. Unconscious, in severe shock and po ibly with spinal injury, the women had been in a bush plane accident. After administering first aid, Jacobsen and his wife reported the incident over a ham radio, only to be told that their remoteness would make plane rescue very difficult. While theJacobsens were waiting for further word, four young women suddenly arrived in mountain-climbing tog , announcing that they had heard of the accident over their radio. "We're trained nurses ...and wonder if we can help." After a night of hard work caring for the patients, the medical care providers saw to it that the two injured women were carefully loaded into the rescue plane that had managed to land on the tiny alpine lake. The last remaining problem was that the pilot was afraid he could not make it over the surround­ ing mountain walls in the thin air. "l feared we'd have to deal with a second era h . lt was a very tense moment," Jacobsen related. "Half­ way across the lake, the plane ro e into the air, then sank down to the water again .... Only seconds before the rocky horeline, it rose in a steep climb. Our spirits rose with it as it ...deared the hilltop .Just." He later published the account in a Canadian magazine. Jacobsen has clearly found the secret of enjoying life at 88. So what does he advi e his youngers? "Exercise, activity, the outdoor life BUFFAID jPHV$1¢,APtl - and keep a good ense of humor," he smiles . He clearly practice what he preaches, as his chedule of physical activity demon­ strates . A one might expect, he' already put down his philosophy on aging in a 1964 article "De enectute : A Pediatrician Take A Long Look" (excerpted in the accompanying article). He quickly recited what may be the supreme example of fitness. When he was exploring Mexico's Copper Canyon, he met an Indian runner (messenger) who could travel, virtually non-stop, for five days at a time, covering 500 miles! The runner was later discovered by a Mexican government agent interested in get­ ting him into a national racing competition . Upon being shown the beginning of a 26mile-long marathon crack, the lndian innocent­ ly asked the agent, "How many lap do you want me to run?" Born in Baltimore in 1 9 , Jacob en i descended from Danish ancestors who arrived here around 1800. He earned his bachelor's degree in three years, and then his M.D . in 1923 from Johns Hopkins. Be ides being an examiner for the American Board of Pediatrics, he served as president of the Erie County Board of Health and the Buffalo Academy of Medicine, among other positions. His wife Evelyn is the grandniece of Dr. Silas Hubbard (b. 1821 ), who played a role in the establishment of UB's Medical School, and she i the niece of Elbert Hubbard, the founder of Raycroft Village in East Aurora . After graduating from the UB Medical School in 1924, she saw all the pediatric patients who came to the Children's Aid Society through the outpatient department at Children's Hospital. She retired from practice in the 1970s. Evelyn Jacobsen, incidentally, has the interesting distinction of being one of the only persons still living to have known Frank Lloyd Wright, the famed architect. He was a dose friend of her family, with whom he tayed when in Buffalo, and was the builder of the home she grew up in. In addition to past honors and recognitions which both Jacobsen have received from UB and various societies, Children's Ho pita! in 1985 named their Out-Patient Department, the "Jacobsen-Heath Ambulatory Clinic" in �39 Przylucki heads Medical Alumni J the couple's honor. A. Wilmot Jacobsen's continuing ze t and enthusiasm are best summed up by hi own remarks. "My own reaction to the aging rocess is an optimistic one ... . Whatever old age holds in store for me, my guess is that it will not be boredom. There are too many books I haven't read, too many places I haven't seen, too many memories I haven't kept long enough." • To Live To Be 100 And Like It T hefoUowingareexcerp from A. Wilmot Jacobsen's essay on aging, "De Senectute: A Pediatrician Takes A Long Look" written at the "tende r" age of66 for Millard Fillmore H spiral Bulletin, Vol. II, 1964. "To Live To Be I 00 and Like It" is one of the subtitle in hi essay. "It has been said that old age is a state of mind." "I am forced to a simple conclusion:(about artammg longevity) (1) Eat less. (2) Take more exercise.( 3) Laugh." " I like the advice of the old fellow in Kansas ,vho «•asasked by reportershow he lived to be I oo. He said 'Just keep breathing,keep breathing.' " "Our aim shouldbe not so much to add yearsto life as to add life coyears." ''The dean of the FordhamSchoolof Medicine "]usticeOli<JeT Wendell Holmes,in his nineties scared as a f ac1 that 'People who laugh actually (once passed) a preuy girl and (turned) to his lwe longerthan thosewho don't laugh.' We might companion with the remark, 'Oh, to be se1-oenry (add), 'He who laughs, lasts.' " again!'" " I turn... to William Lyon Phelps, who wrote "We don't use our bodies enough - we let with manifest conviction 'To say that youth is them rust and that seems w be the f asr.estway to happier than maturityis like sayingthe view from age." the bottom of che rower is betterfrom rhe top. As "The human body can absorb a tremendous we ascend, the horizonis pushed away. Finallyas amount of abuse...yet a week in bed will enfeeble we reachchesummit, it is as if we hadthe world ac CVeri the strongestman." our feet.' • JI BUFFAID IPHV$1C1ANI o hn E. Pn:ylu cki, M.D. , was elected president of the UB Medical Alumni As ociation, which represents more than 4,000 UB alumni who practice medicine in 4 7 states, Puerto Rico, and other counrrie . Dr. Przylucki replaces Dr. hades Tanner (M'43), who erved as president for the 198519 6 year. Dr. Pn:ylucki, a clinical instructor in surgery at UB, is a past vice-president and treasurer of the Alumni Association. Before he earned his M.D. from the UB Medical chool in 1973, he received hi B. . from Georgetown Univer ity. He trained in surgery at Millard Fillmore Hospital, where he present! y serves as director of the Intensive Care Unit. He is a member of the Erie County Medical ociety, the ew York State Medical Society, and the American Board of Surgery, and is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. The other new alumni officer are the vice­ president, Franklin Zeplowitz, M.D.; and the treasurer, Paul H. Wierzbieniec, M. . After earning his undergraduate degree from UB, Dr. Zeplowitz graduated from UB' Medical School in 1958, when he was elected into the honor society Phi Beta Kappa. He is a member of the staffs of both Buffalo General and Children's hospitals. He is also an anending surgeon at Mercy Hosptial and Our Lady of Victory Hospital, where he served previously as Medical-Dental raff president. He is a Diplomate for the ational B ard of Medical Examiners as well as the Ame rican Board of Surgery, and is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. Zeplowitz is also past president of the Maimonides Medical Society. Dr. Wierzbieniec i a member of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons and president of the Western New York Orthopaedic ociety. He is an assistant ancnding at Millard Fillmore Hospital, an associate anending at Buffalo General Ho pita! and is on the courtesy staffs of hildren' Ho pital and Erie County Medical enter. The UB clinical instructor in orthopaedic earned his B.S. from Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute and his M.D. from UB in 1974. • 09 / 86 �40 BGH symposium honors Dr. Schimert G eorge Schimert, M.D., who estab­ lished che Divi ion of Cardiac Surgery at the Buffalo General Hospital in 1960 and headed it for 23 years, was honored at a BGH-spon ored international medical sympo ium la t April. The event also com­ memorated the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Hospital's cardiac surgery program. Participating in scientific programs in the Hospital's newly opened Harlan J. Swift Auditorium were Buffalo General staff and visiting physicians, including world-acclaimed transplant surgeons C. Walton Lillehei, M.D., and orman E. Shumway, M.D. Schimert and humway, along with heart transplant pioneer Christiaan Barnard, M.O., trained in cardiac surgery under Dr. Lillehei at the University of Minnesota. the Asian mainland. ince his arrival as the first full-time director of the BGH open heart program, Schimert has led the ho pita! to the forefront in cardiac care. At the time of his arrival, Buffalo General, supported by the Hartford Foundation, was e tablishing its first-rate Cardiovascular Angiology Laboratory, which has provided strong support for Schimert's work over the years. The Hospital's cardiology team in 1960 consisted of Ivan Bunnel, M.O., and David Greene, M.D., both of whom have worked with Schimert throughout his career. Schimert is acclaimed for his pioneering use of the patch-graft technique and the use of the free internal mammary artery in bypass surgery. He is also credited with performing one of the earliest double valve ( 1963) and triple valve replacements ( 1964) with long­ term survival; determination of myocardial sodium-potas ium ratios ( 1966); being the first surgeon in Western ew York to correct a ventricular septa[ defect correction after an acute heart attack (I 966); ventriculoplasty ( 1967); the first replacement of the mitral valve backwards through the left ventricle ( 1972); the area's first coronary artery bypass surgery ( 1972); intra cavitary ventricular cooling ( 1975 ); and the first use of papaverin in cardioplegic solution ( 1982). Schimert was born in Hungary to a family line of physicians dating back 150 years. He obtained medical degrees from the Friedrich Wilhelm University, Germany, and the Paz. many Peter University, Hungary. Cardiac surgeon throughout the world, including many in Western New York, have trained under Schimert. He has been affiliated with the UB Medical School since 1960. As part of the BGH cardiac symposium, chirnert received the University's Profe or Emeritus Award in Cardiac urgery. The award was presented by Lewis Flint, M.D., chairman of the UB Department of Surgery. After interning at Tampa Municipal Hospital and serving his residency at Grady Memorial Hospital and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Schimert went on to Min­ nesota. Working there with Shumway and Barnard, he developed hypothermia techniques and one of the earliest heart pumps. Also while working under Lillehei, Schimert was sent to Korea, where he established the eoul ational University Medical College and performed the fir t open heart operation on Also paying tribute to chirnert during ceremonies April 25, were humway; Buffalo General Ho pita! President William V. Kin­ nard, Jr., M.D.; and Bunnell. Thomas Z. Lajos, M.D., acting chief of cardiovascular surgery at BGH, and Schimert's wife Florence unveiled a portrait of chimert which will hang near the Cardiac Surgery offices upon completion of the hospital's building and renovation project. - Diane M. Zwirecki 09/ 86 • BUFFAID jPMvS1¢1ANj Norman Shumway speaks at BGH event I nternationally acclaimed heart surgeon orman E. Shumway, M.D., participated recent!yin a ymposium on cardiac surgery at the Buffalo General Hospital. Speaking at a scientific session as part of the 25th anniversary of the hospital' heart surgery program, Shumway di cussed "Heart and Heart Lung Transplantation." Shumway founded the heart transplant program at Stanford University, one of the world's most e teemed and experienced cen­ ters . Combined heart-lung tran plant tech­ niques pioneered by his Stanford urgical team have been equally successful. He is chairman of tanford's Department of Cardiovascular urgery. utlining the history of heart transplanta­ tion, Shumway noted worldwide intere t in this procedure which began with the first successful transplant performed by Christiaan Barnard, M.D., in December, 1967. humway provided follow-up statistics and data on patients who had heart transplants during the first 18 year of the tanford program. He reported that rehabilitation has been almost complete in the more than 200 patient who urvived for one year following surgery. With the introduction of the cardiac biopsy procedure, he noted, first-year survival rate following cardiac transplant increased ignificantly. Then, the introduction of cyclo porine heralded a new era; the present one-year survival rate is approximately 80 per cent, with two-thirds of all patients surviving for five year after surgery. �41 A of January, 19 6, 30 heart-lung tran • plant had been performed at tan ford, includ­ ing 29 tran plantations and one re-transplanta­ tion . humway cited difficulty in obtaining donor lungs as the reason fewer heart -lung than heart transplant are performed. Fourteen of tanford' 29 patients were alive and well several month following urgery, he aid . He noted that it i difficult to obtain total hemo tasi following thi urgery; there­ fore, mortality i hi h. He pre ented photograph of heart-lung tran plant patients two year after surgery, highlighting uch ucce torie as a Texa high chool ~ otball c ach and mathematic teacher . Reporting on current developments in heart­ lung transplantion, Shumway noted a new derivative of cyclo porine, cyclo porine G. nil being tudied, cyclo porine G may be le renal-toxic than its predece r . Re earcher are al o looking at new way to pre erve donor lung for tran plantation, he said. humway graduated from the Vanderbilt niver ity chool of Medicine and went on to re idency training at the niver ity of Minne ota. While at Minne ota, he began his prestigi us research career. His tudi in luded the u e of total body hypothermia for direct v1 ion intracardiac urgery, pro thetic graft for blo d ve el replacement, inve tigati n of coronary circulation and ventricular fibrilla ­ tion, and the de ign and development of an effective pump and oxygenator for open heart surgery . Shumway went on to Stanford in 1959 and began his studie on cardiac tran plantation. Beginning with experiment to perfect tech­ nical details, he proceeded to inve tigate and document the clinical, phy iological, and pathological event following orthotopic cardiac transplant with both h mografts and autograft . This information wa critical to ucce e achieved later with immuno up­ pre ed ho ts, a key tep before this treatment for end- tage heart disea e could be applied to • humans . -Diane M. Z,urecki Biophysicist featured in two encyclopedias T he re earch of B biophy ici t Frede­ rick achs, Ph.D., will have the unusual distinction of being featured in the science yearbook of two major encyclopedias. The Encyclopedia Brittanica 's 19 6 1ence m the Fuwre will de cribe Dr. achs' di c very f what could be the fundamental mechani m of the sense of touch and pre ure perception. The associate professor fbiophy ical ciences found that a number of unrelated cell in animal and even plant have certain molecules that are sensitive to pressure, stretching, r touch. When timulated, an electrochemical re pon e is triggered which travel into the cell. BUFFAID JPHvS1C1ANI The World Book Encycl pcdia' 19 6 Science year Book will feature a different subject. It will de cribe Dr. ach ' unu ual invention, the world's smalle t thermometer. ailed the ultra-microthermometer, it is 50 time mailer than a human hair and its tip is almost invisible to the unaided eye. achs did not et out to break record , but developed the device a a means to an end . He de igned it to mea ure the temperature of individual cell or even part of cells. Compo cd of a h llow gla pipette filled with a metal alloy, it is tipped with a layer of gold. It is capable of mea uring temperature change as hort a 100 micro econd . The device i also under review for inclu ion in the Guinness Book of World Records. 09/ 86 ��43 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF COMMON COMPLAINTS BY G YA. TAYLOR ((T hirty symptoms account for m re than 70 per cent f the chief complaints with which phy ician are confr nted; therefore, the phy ician who has ma tered the differential diagn i of the e ympt ms will be able t accurately diagno e nearly all the pr blem en in a typical medical practice." With chat a umption, B family phy ician and internist Robert H. lier, M.D., ha brought together year of experien c, with an excen ive literature review, to produce hi new bo k. Differential Diagnosis of Common m­ plaints( 19 6, W .B. aunders mpany, Phila­ delphia, PA, 35 pp.) i designed to aid phy reran in accurately diagno ing the m t common c mplaint . eller is a profe r in the B Medical hool' Department of Family Medicine and Medicine. Hi new book i unique in that 1r is the fir r that deal primarily with the differential diagno i of common complaint . He define differential diagno i a the determination of which of two or more di ea es with imiliar ymptom i the one from which the patient i suffering. "The purpose of chi book (which i the fir t of thi kind) i to help phy icians ac­ curately diagno e the mo t common complaint ," explain eller. The volume al ha the n tew rthy quality of being written in a conci e manner which make the ubject matter readily accessible to a broad pe trum of health profe ional . Hence, in addition to practt ing physician , re idents, and medical tudents, it i anticipated that nur c practi· troner as well as phy ician a i rants will al o find the book u eful. In fact, although not expre ly written for the general public, the text i free of superfluous detail that some laymen might find it both intere ting and informative. He tre es, however, that "thi book i n t to be utilized by the general public a a means f self diagn is or in the place of seeing a phy ician." ellcr's appr ach deviate harply from the traditional organization of literature dev red to di a cs. "Most medical school curricula, text , and continuing education courses deal with BUFFAID (PHV$1¢1ANI 09 �E 44 diseases. Patient , however, usually come to their phy ician complaining of headache, backache, or fatigue - not migraine, spinal stenosis, or depression.To address this reality, this book i organized around common presenting complaints, the patient ' ymptom rather than their diseases," a rts lier. Each of the book's 31 chapter c n iders a different symptom. The chapters, according to eller, are organized c approximate the problem-solving proce chat mo t physicians use to make a diagno is. "Initially, the presenting ymptom uggests several diagnostic po ibilities. Then this diagnostic list is further defined and reduced by additional, more pedfic, historical findings; by the patient' phy ical findings; and then by the results of diagno tic tudie ," explains Seller. In the introduction to each chapter, Seller provide relevant definition a well as a list of the most common causes of the con idered symptom. In the introduction to the chapter "Backache," for example, he gives the eight mo t comm n causes of back pain and notes that of them, acute Jumbo acral strain is the most common, accounting for 80 per cent of the cases. Or. Seller provides interesting account of the medical history of some of the symptom described . In the chapter, "Belching, Bloating, and Flatulence," he writes, "The problem of bloating and flatulence has been recognized ince the time of Hippocrates, who taught that pa ing ga is necessary to well being." Seller continues, "In the days of early Rome, it was noted that all Roman citizen shall be allowed to pass gas whenever necessary." For each symptom Seller also considers the nature of the patient; that is, he identifies those conditions which are mo t prevalent within particular patient subgrou . uch ubgroups can include adults, children, the elderly, the premenopausal, the diabetic and the hyper­ tensive. In the chapter, "Fatigue," S Iler explains that the symptom of fatigue can often be attributed to depre ion and, in turn, the symptoms of depre i n vary with, among other thing , socioeconomic status. "Depressed middle class patients will state that they feel sad or blue, guilty, helpless, 09/ 86 lonely or anxiou . They may complain of crying spells, initial insomnia, early waking, lo of appetite, headache and decreased libido. Patient of upper ocioeconomic clas more often complain of fatigue, insomnia, anxiety and cen ion, dis atisfaction and decrea ed interest in work or social life," writes Seller. In the chapter that discu s bloating and flatulence, eller explains," A patient, particu­ larly of African or Mediterranean descent, complaining of exce bloating or flatulence may have malabsorption and subsequent fermentation due to an inherited lacto e intolerance." ''Dr. Sellerprovides interestingaccounts of medical history: In the early days of Rome, it was noted that all Roman citizens shall be allowed to pass gas whenevernecessary.'' Each chapter has a section, " ature of the Symptom," which further identifie the additional characteristics of the symptom (how, when, where, acute/ chronic, duration) . ln the chapter, "Headache," he describes how the type, severity, and location of pain are important in the differentiation of the cause of headache . "Tension or muscle contraction headaches usually are dull, not throbbing, steady, and of low, but persistent, intensity. In contrast, the pain of a migraine headache is severe, initially throbbing, and later penetrating. Acute sinus headache pain is usually described a severe, throbbing and pressure-like." BUFFAlD jfl'HV$1¢1ANj Furthermore, each chapter i divided into additional sections discussing such topi as as ociated symptoms, precipitating and aggravating factor , ameliorating factor , physical finding , diagnostic tudies, and less common diagnostic considerations. At the end of each chapter Seller includes a convenient summary table. These tables um­ marize the prominent differential diagno tic features of the most common diseases that cau e a particular symptom . Moreover , che book' thorou h index facilitates i use as a reference text by a health profe ional, who i pre enced with a patient afflicted by a pecific ymptom, when diagn i i not immediately apparent. Dr. eller expects that Differential Diagnosis of Common Complainrswill be useful in aiding health profe ional in arriving at a diagno i as rapidly as pos ible. eller advises all phy ician , residents, and medical tuden to remember the adage, "If you don't think about it you will never diagnose it." Dr. Seller, a University of Pennsylvania medical graduate, has served on B' faculty ince 1974. During his first eight year at UB, he served as chairman of the Department of Family Medicine. His office i based in Buffalo General's Family Medicine Center at Deacon Divi ion. The Philadelphia native was a research fellow of the American Heart Association (S.E. Pennsylvania Chapter) at Philadelphia General H pita! and completed his r idency at Albert Einstein Medical enter. He was on the faculty at Hahnemann Medical Hege and Hospital, Philadelphia, for 14 year before coming to Buffalo. Seller's research has focused on hypertension and conge tive heart failure. He i the author of eight book chapters and 73 journal article and is author or editor of two other books. He i certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine and the American Board of Family Practice, and is a Fellow of the American College of Physicians, American liege of Cardiology, and American Academy of Family Phy icians. •· (Mr. Taylor, a UB pre-med tudent, is enrolled in the Medical chool's Early Assurance Program.) �cardiologist al o recently de cribed angiotension­ convertmg enzyme inhibition, a new therapy for hypertension and conge rive heart failure, in PostgraduateMedicine, October 1985. In May 1985, he pub!i hed a comprehensive clinical review of standard oral antiarrythmic agent m CardiovascularRevieu·s and Rcporu. He practices at Wa hingron (D .. ) Adventi t Ho pita!. Lance Fogan (M'65) • became president of the Los Angeles Society of Neurology and Psy­ chiatry. His late t publication is on treatment of du ter headache, April 1985, in Arch111es of Neurology. Th omas P. O'Connor (M'67} • who pecializes in radiation therapy in lndianapoli , recently published a chapter on lung cancer radiation therapy in Lung Cancer, published by Springer-Ver lag. Ro bert Di Bianco (M'72) • announces the birth of his second on, John Michael, last Sep­ tember. Bianco is a clinical a oc1ate professor of medicine at Georgetown University. The John E. Billi (M'77) • writes that he has been appointed medical dirL'Ct r of the University of Michigan Medical Center' Alternate Delivery System and HM . "My wife beryl Hirsch (M'77) i enjoying private prac­ tice pediatrics. We have a two­ year-old on and a five-month­ old daughter." Brian Kaufman (M'77) • pre ented a paper "Effect of Albumin V . Cryscallo1d On Hemodynamics and xygen Tran port in Intensive Care Patients" at an International Workshop of Albumin And The ystem1c Circulation held at Grinde!wald, witzerland. ------------------------------------------------------------------NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITEDSTATES BUSINESS REPLYMAIL FIRSTCLASS PERMITNO 2210 BUFF ALO.NY POSTAGEWILL BEPAID BYADDRESSEE BUFFAID P H V S C I A N 139 Cary Hall State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14214-9980 1..,11.1 ..1I,1,111,11,1 ..11II111,1 .. 1,II,ll11111 I,II �P H Y S on -Profit Org . .S. Postage PAID Buffalo , .Y. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. 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For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b10a35c87c76c8086920bfcf413b427c.pdf fd86c801579df55cb64e26810e02f265 PDF Text Text I p H y s C A VOLUME20, NUMBER2 N I JULY 1986 A legendin Chinesemedicine I �BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN! Dean's Me sage TAFF EXE TIVE EDITOR, U !VER ITY PURLICA TIO 'S Rohen T . M.ir\1:tt A . S .IATE EDITOR Rru " . Ker hm:r ART [)JREl.1( R Alan) Kq:ler PHOHX,RAPllY Phyllis ChrM, ,phcr Ken Weig,, EJ , 't,w,,k hanc1 pt:,~er ADVJ 'ORY BOARD I r. J,,hn , .1ugh111n , 11~,m St h,",/"' Mt-../,cm, M .• ~nq (,I,., n Mr. Kevin Cr,11 g M,. ~farm1e:Houch.:m Or. Charle Tinn r Dr. J,1hn F, her M, '.ircn l ryJa Mr. John Pull, [ r. h.,rlc Paganelli Dr. Jame ·.m,k1 Dr. H.nolJ Rnxh· Dr. John Wngh1 Dr. Roi-en - he,g Dr M,11:1!1<: Wni:hr Dr. M.u, V,,.,rh,..,, Mr. 'tcvc h1v1mk\ M, . M,m,in Mari11now,k1 Mr. \,,·inJcr Rh.111,1 Dr. Jame W,IJ TEA HI G HO PITAL liener 1\ The Buff.1111 Ch,IJr-,n\ Erie Count\ McJic,11Center Merq Mill.uJ F1llmon: Roswell Park Memorial ln,tuute Mer- ol Ch.m11· Verernn, AJminisrrat1on McdKal Center PmJuced b• rhe Dms1Pn of f'ubl" R. ],, hon, Jir<>cror, m a. ><>c1,wonw,rh che Schnol of ,\1ed1cme, rilte Univers1rr of New Affair • Ham York at Buffalo . THE BUFFALO PHYSICIA (USPS 55 l.a60)July 1966-Volume 20. umbC'r 2. Published five nmes annually: Ft.bruary, by the May.July, Sep,ember, D«=berSchool of Mcd,cmt., State Univm;1ty of New York at Buffa.lo, 34 35 Mam Srrttt, Buffalo,New York 14214. Tlurdclassbullc ~ paid•t Buffalo, ew York. POST­ MASTER: Send addresschanges10 THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN, 139 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, cw York 14214 D ear Friends of the School of Medicine: The contributions of four faculty members were recognized at the Annual Faculty Meeting on May 28, 1 986. Dr . Marvin L. Bloom, clinical profe or of medicine, joined with me in formally announcing the establishment of the Dr. Harry G. Laforge Convocation Center. Thi multifaceted educational unit will be constructed as a part of the next pha e of construction and renovation on the Main treet Campus, and it will be u ed in large part for continuing medical education. Dr. Bloom, together with Harry Laforge and four other Buffalo phy icians, were major leaders in organizing the Annual Participating Fund for Medical Education (APFME) which raised funds to support the School of Medicine. Dr. La Forge was instrumental in attracting the Hochstetter Endowment to the School of Medicine, and is still an active member of the faculty . The planned convocation center should be completed in early 1989. The Dean's Award went to two faculty members whose contribu ­ tions to the School of Medicine are legendary. Dr . Eugene Mindell has led the Orthopedic Department for twenty-two years. During that time , he has established a nationally compeative residency training program and has recruited an outstanding faculty . In addition, he has become an Associate Editor of The Journalof Boneand]oinc urgeryand was appointed to the Residency Review Committee. Dr. Richard Ament has contributed significantly to the growth of the Department of Anesthesiology, and has been responsible for the development of a strong program in the residency training of Anesthesiologists . These two individuals have helped move the chool forward through their contributions and we are pleased to acknowledge their efforts with this evidence of gratitude from the faculty and school. The prestigious Stockton Kimball Award for academic excellence and achievement was given to Dr . Alastair Brownie, professor and chairman of biochemistry . He was recognized for his research contributions in the areas of hypertension and steroid metabolism, for his dedication to teaching and for his contribution to the life of the school. The School of Medicine is indeed fortunate to have many dedicated and contributing faculty embodied in the spirit of these four gentlemen. We thank them for their contributions on the School's behalf and look forward to next year's awards ceremony. Since,-ely, John aughron, M.D. Vice Presuknt fOT Clinical Affairs Dean, School of Medicine �BUFE P H Y S C A N CONTENTS A MAD FORM OF ART• Psychiatrist Stuart L. Keill and Music Professor Muriel Hebert Wolf have joined forces to explore the role psychopathology plays in the cherished Western art form known as opera. MEDICAL MINIATURES• Dr. Philip Wels of the Department of Surgery has a unique collection of 280 figurines of physicians. «<Everybody has a couple of them," he says, "but not this many." HE MADE HISTORY• Dr. George Hatem, one of the most famous physicians in modern history, was keynote speaker at the 49th Spring Clinical Day. In China, he reports, they pay the doctor when they're well, and stop paying him when they're sick. SENIOR PHY ICIA S PEOPLE• • 5 Dr. Maxwell Lockie is both 83 and a leading arthritis authority. Dr. Vivian Cody has climbed Mt. Fuji in sneakers, toasted moun­ tain dieties with Andean natives, and contributed worldwide to crystal­ lography. Dr. Norma Panahon 's parents are leaders in the new Philip­ pine administration. Other news of people you know. BUFF AW SURGICAL SOCIETY• I I Dr . Marvin Z. Kurian traces its origins. CHRO IC PAI , 0 TEOPOROSIS &. AID • 16 Spring Clinical lectures focus on a trio of diseases. 18 HOSPITALS • 26 ECMC's Head lnjury Unit serves all of WNY. Children's will manage School 84. STUDE TS• 29 RESEARCH • 31 Two VB pediatricians re­ port breakthrough in treat­ ing respiratory failure in premature infants. CLASS OTES • 34 DEATHS•34 �2 Opera is a repository for numerous aberrations BY ANN WHITCHER t tT here will be six murders, five suicides, and one execution - and that's before we even have intermission," Dr. Stuart L. Keill, UB clinical professor of psychiatry, announced early in a lecture to an audience of opera buffs. He and UB Professor of Music Muriel Hebert Wolf have joined forces to explore the role psychopathology plays in the cherished W estem art form known as opera. The pair regularly give lecture recitals and have participated in a "Night of Opera and Madness" in New York as part of an American Psychiatric Association meeting. Dr. Keill says opera can give important clues to the nature of clinical psychiatry. Verdi's Lady Macbeth in Mac.beth, for instance, is "a veritable textbook of psychopathology: delusions, hand-washing compulsion, sleep walking and suicidal behavior." 07/ 86 Wolf, an experienced opera producer and scholar, says she met Keill, an opera buff of 37 years standing, socially. The "Verdi's 'Lady Macbeth' is a textbook of psychopathology of hand--washing compulsions,delusions, sleepwalking, and suicidalbehavior." idea of arranging "psychopera" programs soon emerged. Wolf explains that opera, to start with, is "a mad form of art," an BUFFAID j PMvS1¢1 AN j "enlargement of life," and "irrational entertainment." Moreover, since opera's beginnings, there have been a plethora of mad scenes. Those of the 17th and 18th centuries, however, "were more dramatic than psychological." Because of this, modern stage directors "often must employ visual means to render this earlier madness more believable," says Wolf. "During the glorious age of bel canto (beautiful singing) in the 18th and early 19th centuries," Wolf and Keill note in a paper presented before the American Psychiatric Association, "madness influenced musical form and language particularly the singer's - more than the drama, which often lacked convincing motivational forces." Among the best known examples of this musical age were the works of Donizetti. His Lucia di Lammermoor contains probably the most famous "mad �BUFFALO IPH Y$ t¢1 AN j 07/ 86 �4 scene" in all opera. "At least a third of Donizetti's 70 stage works," notes New York Times music critic Donal Henahan, "provide scenes of hysteria, delirium, melancholia, suicides, and murderu works which drew curious audiences to the 'theatre of the mad' in much the same way as modern audiences go to be thrilled at horror movies." Psychological approaches to opera have changed with the times, however. Writes the UB team: "Later in the 19th century under the influence of Freud, there was an intensification of emotional/ dramatic weight in proportion to the larger canvas of grand opera created by orchestrally­ conscious composers and conductors." And by the 20th century, psychological and social themes actually proliferated, thus requiring new, more psychologically subtle, approaches to the "inner nature of opera." Wolf adds that psychological probing can enhance operatic inter­ pretations, too often ultra-stylized or plagued with unconvincing gestures. "lf one can analyze a character's illness in great detail, it can be a tremendous aid for the performer," she says. Opera is a repository for numerous mental aberrations brought on by jealousy and a wide range of other mental states commonly displayed in the opera house as shown at one lecture/recital presented by Keill and Wolf. At that performance, they enjoyed and then commented on a duet from Bellini's I Capulettie I Monrecchi, based on Shakespeare's RomeoandJuliet. The tale of the doomed teenage lovers could have come from the pages of metropolitan American newspapers, with their all-too-frequent reports of adoles­ cent suicide, Keill explained. In Bellini's Il Pirata,excerpts from which were also performed here, Imogene goes mad with grief when her beloved is condemned to death. I n Hamlet, an 1869opera by the French composer Ambroise Thomas and based on Shakespeare's play, Ophelia "goes through four mood stages," says Keil!. She grows progressive! y more demented, yet thrills audiences with the brilliance of her coloratura part. 07/ 86 In Verdi's great Ote!lo, based on Shakespeare's Othello, "the logical and persistent growth of Othello's psychotic jealousy as reinforced by Verdi's violent and passionate music, makes Othello more human as a character and more credible as a victim mentally incapacitated by Iago's manipulations," Keill and Wolf point out, quoting the Verdi biographer Francis Toye. Some characters, Keill states, show evidence of various "organic syndromes." For example, Violetta in Verdi's La Traviata, a beautiful courtesan who finds love too large, "has a terminal tuber­ culosis, and, likely, organic brain damage leading to her delirium shortly before her death." Floristan in Fidelio, Beethoven's only opera, "also has what appears to be an organic delirium due to sensory deprivation and starvation. Fortunately some human contact, candlelight, and a loaf of bread promptly cured him." In the case of the revengeful woman, Azucena, in Verdi's ll Trovatore, her hallucinations and madness may have been caused by "a stroke or a chronic nervous system infection." She may even have taken "a mescaline-like medication." So there's more to this character, usually played "as a crazy lady with a fright wig," than her voice, said Keill, during a recent lecture/recital. "She may not have been mad, but (only) toX"ic.'' The psychopathology depicted is more accurate, though not necessarily more complex, with the opera of this century, Keill and Wolf state. 1n Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth of Muensk, the composer conceived of Katerina "not as a lost human being, but as one tormented by conscience; she thinks about the people she killed." Paul Hindemith's 1926 German opera, Cardillac, is an arresting work about a respected though isolated, gifted but psychotic goldsmith whose creations drive him to murder his customers in order to repossess their purchases . Cardillac can be read as a powerful statement on the artist's frequend y precarious situation in modern life. But it doesn't rule out a psycho­ analytic interpretation. Said Keill during one lecture/recital: "In the early days of BUFFAID jPHvS1C1,1, N j the psychoanalytic movement, (Cardillac's character) would have been termed the sad outcome of an unpleasant resolution of the toilet training period; he never learned to unleash his constipation." Here was a real misanthrope, Keill ex­ plained, who could only aim his affection, "in an almost sensual way," at things he owned, namely his jewels. Cardillac is a loner, in the most staggering sense. Adds Keill: "These kinds of people rarely do well in psychotherapy." Wolf and Keill believe that opera may create a forum for debating issues connected with the insanity defense. This is because of its increasingly sophisticated, psychologically deft stage techniques, and the more psychologically probing contemporary libretti, as well as a better psychological understanding of establish­ ed older works. It's their contention that opera, with its unique blend of stage and orchestra, music and drama, voice and bodily comportment, may help the layman understand the development or unraveling - of madness, or psycho­ logical disorder. "Many an audience has been won over in an operatic insanity plea by psychotic vocal pyrotechnics and histrionic gestures, thus creating pathos for the protagonist or demonstrating humanitarian qualities of an unsympathetic or perhaps guilty character," they write. "Insanity has provided an artistic and aesthetic rationale for the murders of children and other innocent victims. It has lent credibility to the irrational behavior of those 'madly in love.' Through the hallucinations ( of the operatic characters), the audience has not only obtained invaluable information about past and future lives, witnessed the precarious passions of potions, and shared misuses of power - supernatural and demonic - but has vicariously observed or experienced the sufferings of organic disorientation." • (Dr, Kelli. ofter six yeas at US,wlll be shcring his unusual Interest with new OJdiences ln Baltimore. where he hos Just taken a position with the University of Mor;land) �5 At 83, he's still an active arthritis authority The following profile is the third in a series that portrays a number of unique individuals who fall into that category some refer to as "senior physicians." They were selected for their habit of achieve­ ments and contributions to society that began when they were young and still con­ tinue unabated into what others call the ((retirement years." This issue acknowledges one more such individual, the diverse, dis­ tinguished, and dedicated Maxwell Lockie. BUFFALO I P HY SICI AN ) 07/ 86 �6 BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER ((This year I hit harder and straighter than I've ever done in my 68 years of playing golf." Because golf is a sport that can sorely test one's joints, this is a fitting statement for Maxwell Lockie, M.D., who is both 83 and also one of America's foremost arthritis authorities. Dr. Lockie, UB emeritus professor of medicine, has been on the American scene since the early 1930s carrying out pioneering research in over 80 kinds of arthritis conditions and gout. One of the first five designated arthritis specialists in the U.S., he shaped his field with early discoveries and advances in the treat­ ment of arthritis with Indocin and phenyl­ butasone, in the role of diet in gout, in treatment of gold salt toxicity, and in diagnosis of arthritis using special bone joints as indicators. He left other marks on his field by founding two professional societies (The Medical Society of the U.S. and Mexico and the Inter-Urban Arthritis Society) and training 28 rheumatologists. And he is probably one of few such specialists around who can claim to have examined 28,450 arthritis patients ( and to have kept an accurate count of all of them). Dr. Lockie officially retired from his active practice of 52 years in 1985, at his wife's insistence. But like the other senior physicians profiled in this series (Buffalo Physician, December 1985 and May 1986), his retirement is more accurately a shifting of attentions. "I'm stilJ doing research, with my most recent journal article published in 1985. My 140th publication is now in preparation," exclaims Dr. Lockie. He devotes three hours a day to his research with Merck, Sharp and Dohme on the tolerance of steroidal anti­ inflammatory drugs. Lockie has been one of Merck's principal investigators since 1938. He was the first to study Lndocin in the U.S. and among the earliest to use it in suppository form . He reads 40 medical journals a month, gives four professional lectures a year, and regularly gives opinions to and works with attorneys on malpractice suits. 07/ 86 F or recreation, he plays golf three times a week. "I'm par 5 holes and right down the middle in three in front of the green," Dr. Lockie says, proudly adding, "that's pretty good for a man of my age." He has served as president of the Country Club of Buffalo where he plays golf. While he still retains his outstanding stamp collection, he recently ended his hobby of many decades, the collecting of rare old books, when he donated the entire collection to UB's History of Medicine Collection ( see Buffalo Physician, May 1985). Until that generous donation, he had acquired what is believed to be one of the largest private collections of historical books on arthritis and gout. Totaling 174 volumes, the collection includes as its oldest book the 1701 Mysteries of Opium. Other old works include Cheyne's An Essayon Gout( 1721 ), Cadogon's Treatment of the Gout ( 1773), and Dover's Ancient Physician'sLegacy To His Country (1742). Among more recent works are Sir William Osier's first edition of Principles and Practice of Medicine, Austin Flint's 1873 volume by the same name, Oliver Wendell Holmes' 1883 Medical Essays,and Roswell Park's 1912 The Evil Eye Thanatology. Between golf games, research, and hobbies, Lockie enjoys dining out with his wife and friends, including classmate Dr. Harry Laforge (profiled in the De­ cember 1985 Buff a lo Physician). Serving on the Buffalo Club's art committee with Seymour Knox (a major UB supporter and arts benefactor) also demands some of his attention. D r. Lockie's career in medicine started when he was a soda jerk in his uncle's business, "Lockie's Drug Store," where he worked for eight years. During the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, the drug store ran out of help and young Maxwell Lockie had to work 12 hours a day for six weeks. During that hectic time, several doctors who came in suggested he take up pharmacy as a career. Several years later in 1923, he earned his pharmacy degree from UB's School of Pharmacy ( where he met classmate Harry Laforge). While dispensing medicine as a new pharmacist , he againreceived advice from BUFFAlD I P H v $1¢ 1 AN j visiting doctors; this time they urged him to earn a medical degree. And that he did, receiving his M.D. from UB in 1929, ranking second highest in his class. "If it wasn't for pharmacy, I wouldn't be who I am today," he says. Like his friend Laforge, Dr. Lockie is a three-time UB alumnus, since he also earned his bachelor's in medicine in 1925. While in medical school, he also served as an assistant engineer for two summers, responsible for the painting and inventory of the Peace Bridge while it was under construction . As a resident at Buffalo General Hos­ pital, he decided to specialize in arthritis when he realized that little was being done for patients with that disease. Through his career, Dr. Lockie has met quite a few interesting people. In his early days, he met and later treated �7 the use of BAL to counteract the toxic effects of gold salt therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. He was one of the first to use special bone joints in the wrist and hands as indicators of rheumatoid arthritis. His discovery of the therapeutic limitations of phenybutasone (Buta zolidin) is now in standard use. He learned that the drug should be discontinued if it is not effective within a week. Partly as a result of his efforts, Buffalo became one of the world centers for use of gold to treat rheumatoid arthritis. To round out his list, he was the first to use IBM punch cards as a means of storing and retrieving data of patients with arthritis. Among his honors, he is the recipient of a number of special awards and honorary memberships, including many from foreign countries such as Mexico, Brazil and Switzerland. Dr. Lockie's sage advice to his fellow physicians includes many principles recommended by the other physicians profiled in this series. "All doctors should have other interests besides medicine, and you should not let :;:; your medical career compete with your family," he emphasizes. For optimizing ~ one's longevity, he feels strongly that one i!: should work hard, sleep well, and not 0 drink too often. "Adequate vacations are also an essential part of life," he relates, adding, "It also helps to have reliable associates to take over while you are gone." Furthermore, "l believe you should were Jack Winter, Germante Boncaldo, not go co bed with (unresolved) and Ray Partridge. His professional problems." friends include other UB notables, John In relating to others, he advises that Talbott (with whom he co-authored the "people should adopt the attitude that book Progressin Anhriris) and classmate everybody is human just like I am. One George Thorn ( with whom he did one of must be forgiving and not hold grudges." the first papers on cortisone in 1932 in He puts most of the credit for the JAMA). Dr. Janet Travell, President quality and longevity of his life, however, Kennedy's personal physician and the on his wife. "Most of all, make sure to first woman to attend a president, was marry a wonderful wife who is under­ another close Lockie friend. standing and encouraging but makes sure Dr. Lockie has been with UB's faculty you don't overdo." since 1932. Several years later, he became As for the progress made in his field, professor and chairman of the Department Lockie is satisfied. "When I first began, I of Therapeutics. In 1965, he was appoint­ felt I could help one out of ten patients; ed professor of medicine. now I can help nine out of ten." Even with all that progress, though, r. Lockie originated the diet treat­ ment for gout in 1935 by pre­ Lockie is optimistic about the future of cipitating an acute attack of gouty arthritis his field. "Rheumatology is still a wide using a high fat diet. He first described open field." • ! g i Buffalo businessman Harold Ruslander (also a close relative of Buffalo-born comedian Mark Russell). "He had a beautiful case of gout!" Lockie smiles. Dr. Lockie completed his residency at Johns Hopkins. There he met and worked with Maxwell Wintrobe, who popularized the blood sedimentation rate in the U.S. (Lockie introduced it to Buffalo in 1932 ). He also met Dr. Russell Cecil, who wrote the standard textbook on medicine, the predecessor to Harrison's Principles. They later became close friends. He had an encounter of a different sort with one of the greatest medical lumin­ aries. "As a resident at Johns Hopkins Hospital, I lived in Osier's room. People would regularly come up and open my door to see where he lived," Dr. Lockie recalls. Among his notable medical students D BUFFAID IPHY$t¢1A N I 07/ 86 �MEDICAL Dr. W els has collected 280 figurines of physicians BY CONNIE OSW ALO STOFKO ((Look at the expression on his face," said Or . Philip B. Wels , clinical professor of surgery, as he gazed at a small Italian statuette depicting an autopsy . The dead man, surrounded by his bowels, heart, Rosary, and prayer book, looks rather surprised and horrified as the figure of the doctor performs the procedure. A favorite of Dr. W els because of the detail involved, the handmade piece is one of 280 figurines of physicians in his extensive collection. And like most of the other pieces, the work is somewhat whimsical. "Most of them have some sort of humor attached to them," Weis said. "They're sort of a satire on physicians." The items range from two feet tall to less than an inch high and come in wood, metal, ceramic, stone, and cloth. Wels, with the help of family and friends, has been collecting the figures since 1958 from all over the world, including England, Germany, Austria, Czecho­ slovakia, Italy, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Peru, Japan, Taiwan, and China. Now he has donated the entire col­ lection through the University at Buffalo Foundation, Inc . It will be displayed for the first time in the Medical School this summer. 07/ 86 Why would Weis part with such an interesting collection? "That's a good question," he replied in his unassuming manner. "l feel - and I'm really sincere about this - the University has done so much for me. My whole life - professional, athletic and social - has been centered around the University. I wanted to do something different for the University. His affiliation with UB started as a student. Wels received his B.A. in 1937, his M.A. in 1939 and his M.D. in 1941. He's on the UB Foundation Executive Committee and a member of the Univer­ sity Council. Weis has been on the Medical School faculty since 1950. Some may know the physician's name from hearing about the Dr. Philip W els Symposium Fund that brings in top professionals in general surgery to speak every year. The endowed fund was made possible by donations from Wels' family and friends in honor of his birthday several years ago. The athletic part of his life at UB has been equally stellar. One of the first five inducted into the UB Hall of Fame, he was also a fencer on the Olympic squad. His Olympic aspirations were crushed, however, when the games were cancelled in 1940 because of the war. BUFFALO IPHV$ 1 C 1 AN I H e now golfs and you'll find a statue in his collection depicting the stereo­ typical golfing doctor. But not all of the figurines reflect Weis personally. "We didn't discriminate," he said. "We have some female doctors, too." Somewhere in the vast queue of miniature doctors, there's also a nurse. "We stuck one nurse in to keep her quiet," he said jokingly of office nurse �9 "' ! 0 I C< 0 ,:-------------------Peggy Haselbauer. Haselbauer started the whole collection off when she brought a woodcarving for Wels from Germany in 1958. She later sent for more figurines from the same set. There are now about 40 in that set alone. The set also includes a man wearing nothing but a polka dot tie which Wels gleefully explains is a doctor after taxes . He thinks that particular carving looks i like Ronald Reagan. An optometrist in the same set looks something like Richard Nixon, he maintains . Another carving in the collection is a skeleton with a sickle representing death. "It's part of the profession," Wels said . "It came with the set," Haselbauer chimed in. W els pointed out a beige Bencini figure with spaghetti-like hair depicting an "old-fashioned" doctor not using a stethoscope. The doctor has his ear in the vicinity of a voluptuous woman's heart. Many of the pieces depict doctors with hypodermics or giving shots. Not a single one of the fabricated patients, however, was getting the shot in the arm. There are, however, more dignified depictions of the physician. There's a Greek-style figure of Esculapio, one of the fathers of medicine, and two small metal likenesses of Hippocrates. There's at least one "distinguished gentleman" in the collection, Haselbauer said, indicating a Royal Daulton figure of a seated, white haired man. A "classic" scene shows a sick child lying on two chairs with her physician seated beside her, Wels noted. The curios in the collection represent the different branches of medicine. There are many representing internal medicine, surgery and obstetrics because they are the bulwark of medicine, Wels explained. The obstetricians are most often shown grabbing a newborn by the ankles. Surgeons are depicted in a number of ways. It's apparent that a wooden figure in surgical garb is a cardiac specialist because he's holding a heart, W els pointed out. A ceramic figure displays an appendix snared in his surgical instrument. A plastic surgeon holds a large diagram of a nose detailing how he will make it smaller. Another has jars of spare parts labeled "chins" and "noses." One physician attends to a patient's ski injury. Another has a most uncomfortable look on his face while attending to his own cut finger. There's a modern-looking metal piece showing a psychiatrist and his patient. A wooden physician mixes his own medicine, a duty few doctors have to do today, Wels noted. There are also anesthe- BUFFAID jP Hv $1¢ 1A Nj siologists, ophthamologists ologists. and radi­ T he collection displays caricatures of physicians' specialities, said Vice President John Naughton, dean of the Medical School. "Some are humorous, some are serious, some are works of art," Naughton said. Through a constellation of appearances, the physicians' behaviors and per­ sonalities also come through, he noted. "Ecstatic" is how the dean feels about getting the figurines for the Medical School. "We're really thankful that Phil wants to donate them," he said. "They will no doubt add a dimension to the new Medical School building." The monetary value of the exhibit is being set by appraisers, a time-consuming process since the collection is so large. There are so many items in the collection that W els took photos with him when traveling to ensure that new souvenirs didn't duplicate any piece. Many were gifts of his wife, family, and friends. Perhaps the most common element in the collection is the stethoscope. A large, chubby owl, covered in feathers and wearing an expensive-looking suit, wears on around his neck. A clown has one draped around his neck. A sleek Lladro in subdued tones contrasts with a roly­ poly Mendins piece of pottery done in bold colors. Some of the pieces, like a glazed set of Czechoslovakian figures with milk white coats, are no longer available. A few of the pieces, including a Hummel, show little boys dressing up as doctors. A Rockwell cene depicts a grown-up doctor examining a little girl's sick doll. Wels' collection reflects fads and trends. You can spot Snoopy in surgical greens. There are "pet rock" doctors as well as Smurfs. The modest W els had a hard time understanding why such a big fuss was being made over his donation. After all, lots of physicians have these kinds of statuettes. "Everybody has a couple of them," Wels said. But as he glanced at his collection, he admitted,"not this many. "e 07186 ��II ''THEORIGINOF THE BUFFALOSURGICALSOCIETY'' BY MARVIN Z. KURLAN, M.O., Clinical Instructorof Surgery T he Buffalo Surgical Society , pres­ ently with 109 Fellows and 13 senior Fellows, had its origins in the exuberant, fast-paced, and expanding days of the early 1920s. Buffalo had a population of a little more than a half­ million. There were several major hospitals in the area, including the Buffalo General, the Deaconess, Emergency, the Columbus, Our Lady of Victory, Sisters, and the Millard Fillmore . Nineteen-twenty-three saw the ascen­ sion of Calvin Coolidge to the Presidency . This was an era characterized by practically autonomous surgical dynasties at the respective hospitals . Apparently , out of a desire for more direct communi­ cation and camaraderie, the idea of a local surgical society came into being. Julius Ricter was chairman of a group of individuals known as the " committee on organization." This committee met during the last quarter of 1923 and formulated ideas that would govern the establishment of the new society. The committee was composed of Dr. E.M. McGuire, professor of surgery at the University and the Buffalo General Hospital and the heir to Roswell Park 's surgical mantle; Dr. Marshall Clinton, a UB associate professor of surgery (and great grandson of DeWitt Clinton and father of Dr. Marshall Clinton, currently clinical professor of medicine) ; Ors . Thew Wright, King, Trick, Lathrup, Lewis, Andt, and Och . These men authorized and directed Dr. Ricter to inquire of the then present societies , what their constitutions and by-laws were, so as to provide a model for the proposed group . We have letters of inquiry to Dr. Charles G. Heyd of the ew York Surgical Society for a copy of their by-laws and constitution on December 16, 1923. The same day a letter was sent to Franklin H. Martin inquiring as to the name of the secretary of the Chicago Medical Society. The by-laws and constitution were sent from the ew York Medical Society, an organization of 70 members, to Or. Ricter in January 1924 . One week later, a letter arrived from Dr. Charles H. Sawyer containing the by-laws and constitution of the Chicago Medical Society which had been founded in 1900 and had revised its constitution in 1919. On January 3, 1924, the following letter went forward to some 20 prominent Buffalo Surgeons: BUFFAID jP1ivS1¢1 .A Nj "M1 Dear Doctor, The expression has been voiced by a number of surgeonsin our ciry,particularl1 tlwse wlw are members of the American College of Surgeons, that it would be advantageous w have a local organi.::ation amongthem whic-hwouldrepresentall groups in the ciryand tend towardunif'Jingthe men engaged in surgeryas a specialty. With the in view, a formation of such an organi.::ation numberof men have beencanvassed, and it is encouragingw sa1,that all, withoutexception, have voicedkttn enthusiasmfor the project. This letteris thereforewrittenw enlist'JOUr support asking 'JOUw attend a subscription dinneratthel3uffaloClub,Thursday.January 1 o, ( 1924) at 7: 30 p.m., and thus make 'JOUrself one of the founders of the Surgeons Club of l3uffalo. Sincerely - Julius Ricter Another subscription dinner was held February 21, 1924, at the Buffalo Club, requesting the founders to be present to complete the organization of the Buffalo Surgical Society. There were evidently more items for discussion, for there was a third provisional meeting held Friday, April 4, 1924, and we are privileged to have the original minutes of this meeting. Dr. Marshall Clinton, the chairman pro tempore, called the meeting to order and called upon several of those present to voice their opinion as to the desirability of organizing a surgical society similar to those existing in other large cities of the country. The consensus of opinion was in favor of such an organization. Chairman 07/ 86 �12 Clinton then called upon Secretary pro tempore Dr. Thew Wright to read the proposed constirution which had been amended at the previous meetings. The constirution and by-laws were read section by section, but no additional amendments were offered and they were adopted in toto. Nominations and Elections were called for and the following slate of officers was elected: Dr. Marshall Clinton, President; Dr. Thew Wright, Vice President; Dr. Julius Ricter, Secretary; and Dr. Frank W . McGuire, Treasurer. Dr. Critchlow moved that additional members invited to join the society be included among the Founders of the Society. It was moved that the constitution and by-laws be printed in a "convenient booklet with a list of the founders of the society and a copy mailed to each of the members." (17/ 86 "The officialseal of the Societyis partiallytaken from the BarbersGuild of London;the motto, 'IncidendoSano,' is taken from the coat of arms of a Scottish nobleman,and translated means, 'we cut to cure .... ' " BUFFAID IPMvS1¢1AN] President Clinton appointed Dr. Julius Ricter, a committee of one, to have designed an appropriate seal for the society. Meeting adjourned . The seal of the Buffalo Surgical Society is an amalgamation of the coat of arms of the Barbers Guild of London, the charter of which was granted by Henry VI in 1451, and the Surgeons Guild of London founded in 1569 by King Henry VIL The fleams or figure seven-like medieval lancets are from the first group. The green and silver background is taken from the second group. Dr. Clinton suggested the Buffalo head on the seal. The motto, lncidendo Sano, is taken from the coat of arms of a Scottish nobleman and translated means, "we cut to cure." During the first year many procedural and organizational questions were raised and debated. There was a clinical meeting held at the �13 Buffalo General Hospital, Friday, October 3, 1924, hosted by Dr. Clinton and three cases presented included a case of cleft palate, a case of cicatricial conttacture of the neck with rotational graft coverage, and a case of toe amputation following failure of sympathectomy for Buerger's disease. The final meeting of the first year of the Buffalo Surgical Society was held at the summer home of Dr. Clinton in Rose Hill, Ontario, Canada, July 16, 1925. The idea was raised and carried forward that a $25 prize be sponsored by the Society and given to the medical student at the then University of Buffalo who had attained the highest average during the junior and senior years in surgery. On November 7, 1925, Dr . King discussedthe program for the forthcoming year and voiced the idea of visiting other cities and clinics; thus came into being the very popular pilgrimage. The idea of local chnics and a yearly pilgrimage remained popular with the membership and visits were taken to Montreal, Boston, Cleveland, Chicago, Sayre, Pa., and Phila­ delphia . The idea for the RoswellPark Lectureship came in 1948 from Dr. Henry Kenwell, then president. The growth of the society in national prestige is a reflection of its steadfast maintenance of the RoswellPark Lectureship, and the recipient medalists constitute an elite coterie of the great figures in Ameri­ can surgery. Today the Society numbers 118 mem­ bers. Its current president is William Heyden. • (Dr. Kurian expresses his apprec iat ion of the assist­ a nce of Dr. Bertra m Partin a nd MIidred Ho llora n for the ir research Into the history. Dr. Kurian is a lso assista nt attend ing p hysic ian at Mill01d Fillmore Hospital and is o member of the Presid enr s Assoc i­ ates of the l/ 8 Foun dat ion . a g ro up of major benefactors.) BUFFAID IPHVSICI AN I 07/ 86 �14 Few can equal the medical successes of George Hatem O ne of the most famous physi­ cians in modern history was the keynote speaker at the 49th Spring Clinical Day last May 10 (see accompanying article). George Hatem, M.D., born and raised in Buffalo, made his mark in history by developing the massive programs which eliminated numerous endemic diseases from the most populous country in the world and moved China into the modern age of medicine . Few if any doctors can claim to have been so intimately associated with such success in eradicating venereal disease, opium addiction, prostitution, smallpox, trachoma and filiarisis. Leprosy has been reduced by 80 per cent. Dr. Hatem, or Ma Hai-De in Chinese, was invited to the UB Medical Alumni Association's major event by his personal friend Charles Tanner (M'43), then association president. Dr. Tanner got to know Dr. Hatem through Harem's cousin, Theresa Ode in Buffalo. When Chinese­ American relations thawed in the 1970s, Dr. Hatem invited his cousin from whom he had been long separated to visit him in 07/ 86 BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER China. Unable to get the necessary permission, Ms. Ode asked for Tanner's help with the authorities. His efforts succeeded and Dr. Hatem soon met Ms. Ode in China. Dr. Hatem 's first visit to America since he left in the 1930s was in connection with a sad development. Hatem had been diagnosed as dying of pancreatic cancer and wanted to see his relatives for the last time. After arriving in Buffalo he met with Dr. Tanner, who urged him to undergo further testing because he was suspicious of the existing diagnosis. It turned out that a common duct stone had been mistaken for the pancreatic cancer. Since then Tanner and Hatem have spent time with each other on four occasions and have become close friends. It was only fitting that Dr. Tanner should have him as his - and the Medical School's -guest again. Dr. Hatem mused that he is not the first Chinese doctor to come to Buffalo. "In 1874 in Buffalo, Dr. Lu-Si Han, a BUFFAID PHv$1¢1ANj specialist in 'electricity, eclectic and homeopathic pathology,' was asked for his medical certificate. Not having one, he went back to China and penned his own certificate with his own seal.'' When he returned, he presented it in Buffalo where it was accepted with no questions asked. Hatem detailed the great decadence and disease of the old China. "In Shanghai in 1933, there were 950 brothels, 30,000 prostitutes (90 per cent with syphilis), 10,000 opium dens, 30,000 employed in the drug trade, and 7,000 gambling houses. On one lane alone there were 21 brothels, and the names of all 100 prostitutes were in neon lights." While Hatem was treating syphilitic policemen, a well dressed man once offered him 2 kilos of heroin, saying, "If you prescribe it, we'll send you all the patients." He politely turned down the offer. A fter describing how he and his team virrually eradicated venereal disease by 1959, he related what happened �in the 1970s. He had arranged to have instructions on the newer venereal diseases sent to China from the Centers For Disease Control in Atlanta. "When we read the instructions for treating the 19 known sexually transmitted diseases, I remembered thinking 'we're damn lucky we got through with our eradication programs when there were only four' and that was before AIDS!," he added. Hatem's program to eliminate the epidemics has already been described in the May 1986 Buffalo Physician. To Hatem, the successes with VD, narcotics, smallpox, and other epidemics are very nice, but now history. His efforts are with the future. He has thrown himself totally into his bold program to eradicate leprosy from China, and indeed from the earth. So sure is Hatem, that he ( or his successor) plans to announce the erad­ ication of that disease from China at the meeting of the World Congress of Leprosy, to be held in Shanghai in 1998. "We will eradicate the oldest disease in the world in the oldest country in the world," he declared. The 76-year-old doctor also shared BUFFALO jPHv$1¢1A I his country's approach to preventive medicine. In China, he said, the meager financial resources are directed as much toward preventing as toward curing disease. The U.S., however, throws mas­ sive resources toward curing, and neg­ lects prevention, violating the wisdom of the adage, "An Ounce of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure." Hatem summed up the Chinese approach by remarking, "The tradition in China is to only pay the doctor when you're well, and stop paying him when you're sick." • 07186 �16 CHRONICP ((c hronic pain is a disease state of its own - and the most frequent cause of disability," announced Jennifer S. Kriegler, M.D., to participants at the UB Medical School's 49th Annual Spring Clinical Day last May 10. Dr. Kriegler was one of six invited speakers who enlightened the 340 attendees on chronic pain, osteoporosis, AIDS, and medical progress in China. Charles Tanner (M'43), 1985-86 president of the Medical Alumni Associa­ tion, opened the day's events, together 07/ 86 with Vice President and Dean John Naughton and Paul Wierzbieniec (M'7 4 ), who chaired the five hours of talks and ceremonies. Dr. Kriegler (M'76) emphasized that chronic pain directly costs Americans $50 billion, with back, arthritis, and headache pain each costing $10 to $13 billion annually in health care. She noted that 250 million work days are lost annually due to back pain alone. Dr. Kriegler is assistant professor of neurology at Case Western Reserve University, and director of the University Hospital's Pain Center in Cleveland . The social costs, however, are just as great, Dr. Kriegler continued. Seventy per cent of chronic pain patients get divorced, relations with friends are damaged, and chronic depression is standard for such persons. Twenty per cent attempt suicide. John Rowlingson (M'74) also spoke on pain. "There is no scientific or mathe­ matical way to quantitate it. Its only outward sign is behavior. Furthermore, the fact there is no physiologically positive test DOES NOT MEAN there is no pain or that it is all psychological." Rowlingson is associate professor of anesthesiology and director of the Pain Management Center of the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville. The characteristic depression, deteri­ orating mood, and problems with selfimage and interpersonal relationships led Dr. Kriegler to comment, "Physicians should remind their patients' families that these people are not 'crazy,' just depressed.'' She further described the "Chronic Pain Cycle" that should be broken in any effective program. The stress due to the physical pain and its social effects causes increased muscle tension. This increases the pain, which in turn increases all the BUFFAID jPHY$1¢1ANI ' stresses, and the "vicious" cycle goes around again. K riegler and Rowlingson detailed the modern approach to pain - the pain management center. It uses a multi­ disciplinary approach (medical and nurs­ ing specialists, behavioral, physical and occupational therapists, and social work­ ers) as well as a total system approach ( using all treatment options, devoting all of its time and personnel to reducing pain, and working with the patient for prolonged periods). �17 ~OPOROSIS, "Our center also requires the family to be involved in the program, and marriage counseling is required," Kriegler remarked. Pain centers employ state-of-the-art techniques such as epidural and intra­ thecal endorphin and newer narcotics, as well as new antidepressants , anti­ psychotics , and Trans Nerve Stimulation (TNS). "We realize that total relief of chronic pain is uncommon, so we also teach our patients how to cope with the pain that is left when they complete our program," Rowlingson explained. Up to 40 per cent of patients experience no relief . "These fall into several categories: those with complicated low back or pelvic pain, those with complex psychological problems, and those who are not working but capable of working (low motivation)," he continued . "And women succeed better than men." Just as chronic pain has a "vicious" cycle, so does osteoporosis, explained Robert P. Heaney, the John A. Creighton Professor at Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska. "The bone loss due to osteoporosis leads to fractures which lead to pain and disability. This decreases the patients' activity, which unfortunately leads to more bone loss. "Our research in osteoporosis is at the same stage in 1986 as anemia research was in the 1920s," Dr . Heaney stated. He demonstrated recent findings which reveal that microfractures not visible in x-rays make bones prone to fracture due to trauma; low bone mass and poor bone architecture are both major factors . Another recent development is that NIH now recommends that women consume 1000 mg. of calcium daily ( 1500 mg. for post-menopausal women) compared to the median of 500 mg. that women now get. This change also reflects the findings that many women absorb calcium poorly, and its mucosa! absorp- DAIDS tailed treatment for osteoporosis. High calcium intake and estrogen treatment, together with physical therapy, exercise, and extension are recommended. Vitamin D and sodium fluoride are promising but experimental. Androgen and calcitonin nasal spray are also experimental. Getting back to lifestyle, both speakers made it clear that both excessive alcohol and tobacco increase osteoporosis risk. Cigarettes increase the risk 50 per cent, while alcoholics often have a bone mass of a person 40 years older. "We suspect that alcohol 'pickling' and nicotine are just as toxic to bone cells as they've been shown for other cells." U tion declines with age (35 per cent absorption at 35 years, 20 per cent at 65 years). While there are several treatment options for the disease, Dr. Heaney stressed that low bone mass cannot be reversed, only arrested or prevented. "A pill will never correct a bad lifestyle," he asserted, referring to poor diet and exercise. John H . Healey, M.D., assistant professor of orthopaedic surgery at Cornell and orthopaedic surgeon at New York's Hospital for Spinal Surgery, de- BUFFAID IPHVS1¢1AN) The 18,000 cases of AIDS are just the tip of the iceberg," announced Bernard]. Poiesz, M.D., who introduced the third topic. He is associate professor of medicine and microbiology and chief of oncology at the SUNY Health Center­ Syracuse . "Not only are there thousands with immune complex diseases and associ­ ated infections, but there are millions of asymptomatic carriers of AIDS virus." Dr. Poiesz detailed new discoveries relating to the HTL V Ill virus itself. He described several features that make the AIDS virus unique. "AIDS is unique because its DNA can degrade back into RNA and it has three extra genes. When they're copied in a cell, portions float free and can kill the cell." AIDS viruses also have cylindrical cores, not the spher­ ical ones of all other viruses , he said . The AIDS virus envelope is also thick for a virus of its type. Although the retroviruses HTLV I (a cause of leukemia) and 11 have similar names, HTL V 111(the AIDS virus) is not related to them - it shares only 1 per cent of its genetic makeup with the other HTLV viruses. Lastly , few realize that cats, cows , and monkeys get AIDS from retroviruses particular to those species. • 07/ 86 �BY SHIFRAH SANDLER T hough Dr. Vivian Cody, Ph.D., has climbed Mt. Fuji in sneakers, toasted mountain deities with Andean natives, and contributed worldwide to the field of crystallography, when asked about herself, she responds, "Oh, I'm not really very interesting." But this attitude clearly belies both her success and her personality. Obstacles were common throughout Dr. Cody's schooling. She found it difficult to learn to read in grade school. In college, her ��20 interest in chemistry placed her in a less than welcoming, male-dominated realm. This was evidenced by the fact that her being the only female in her classes created opposition. However, during a post-doctoral fellowship year in 1970 at the Medical Foundation of Buffalo, the director recognized that Vivian Cody had the right stuff for the research team. That was the beginning of her crystallography career. She is now a senior research scientist there. On UB's faculty since 1978, Dr. Cody is a research associate professor of medicine. Cody's expertise has blossomed for the past 15 years . Her research on the thyroid gland and chemotherapy have warranted invita­ tions to speak at international conferences around the world. This meshes well with another facet of Vivian Cody - as she puts it, "Give me an inch and I'll take half a globe ." Her first presentation at an international crystallography conference in Japan offered an opportunity to explore Mt. Fuji. Having arrived 36 hours before presentation time , Dr . Cody and a colleague set out at noon in street clothing, without food, water, or rain gear and "marched on" through 29 hours of rain, snow, sleet, and fair weather. They rested on floor space in an open shelter and worked on lecture notes with wet and running ink. Reaching the top, their hopes of seeing sunrise were shrouded in fog. Undaunted, she had her walking stick branded by monks at the top before she descended from the summit. A total of 12,500 feet later, she addressed several thousand of her new peers. Since then Cody's love of adventure has taken her on a trip up the Amazon River, to the Easter Islands, and into the Australian outback. She speaks about her travels at the 00/86 8u i 5 Q 0 it Buffalo Museum of Science and throughout the area. Some of these trips are coupled with professional conferences ; others are simply undertaken out of curiosity. T here seems to be a connection between Cody's successful crystallography research, her expeditions, and her archeo­ logical avocation. She is president of the area chapter of the New York State Archeological Association. When I looked through micro­ scopes in her research lab and studied the computer graphic projections of X-ray infor­ mation which she uses to find chemical pathways for medical treatment, I realized that Dr. Cody's research involves viewing complex arrangements from various angles, organizing information and envisioning path­ ways. Finding patterns within complex con­ glomerations of substances is also the basis of archeology. An archeologist recognizes tiny, significant fragments in a sample of earth that can indicate when prehistorical civilization flourished in that area. Cody's observations of the exotic places she visits are highly informed and factual, yet still touched by a sincere sense of awe. The connecting theme in BUFFAID I PHYS l¢1 AN I �C all areas of her expertise is the combination of a trained eye and open mind; knowledge coupled with curiosity. For example, "lt seemed like a reasonable request when asked ifl'd like to hike the Inca trail," says Cody. "What started as a simple visit to Inca ruins, turned out to be a month­ long backpacking trek through the V ilabamba Mountains, following original Inca roadways, covering nearly 120 miles through the land where the Inca held the Spanish at bay for more than 40 years before the final collapse of their empire. For weeks we traveled through the heart of this empire, our path taking us over several passes dose to 17,000 feet before winding down toward Machupicchu nestled among the mountain peaks at a mere 8,000 feet." The trip resulted in a breathtaking slide collection and a beautifully written account of the journey, in which there is no mention of the fact that Dr. Cody literally hovered near death for most of the trip. Her body is unable to acclimate to extremely high altitudes and she suffered from pulmonary edema. When asked if it was worth it, however, her response was quick and unconditional, "Sure, I got to hike the Inca Trail!" ody's NIH-funded thyroid research involves trying to determine the three dimensional structure of thyroid hormones and their analogs." We try to learn how they interact with both transport proteins and their receptors," she relates. Her goal is to develop new hormone-like drugs useful for treatment of disease. Another major thrust of her research is with the fascinating flavones, an array of compounds produced by plants that can have hormone-like properties. "We're looking at these flavones that are not structurally related to thyroid compounds but behave somewhat like them and can influence them. Using the findings from our flavone research, we hope tO design unique drugs that would have thyroid-like functions," she comments. She recently co-chaired a five day symposium in Buffalo with Dr. Elliott Middleton, professor of medicine, on plant flavonoids that was attended by scientists from around the world. Her newest project uses crystallographic and computer graphic techniques and applies them to developing new cancer drugs. To conduct this study, she was selected to receive a prestigious five-year Faculty Research Award from the American Cancer Society. By working closely with the clinician and clinical biochemist, she is looking to determine the molecular structures and biological activity of drugs that inhibit tumor growth and to design new clinically effective compounds. "What is unusual about this project is that it coordinates input from clinical scientists at an early stage, BUFFAID j PHvS 1 ¢ 1 AN I at the bench level, not after the clinical data have been developed and collected," she comments. Before joining the Medical Foundation she was a post-doctoral fellow in chemistry at the University of Missouri, St. Louis. She earned two degrees in chemistry, her bachelor's from the University of Michigan in 1965 and her Ph.D. in 1969 from the University of Cincinnati. Cody also has an appointment in UB's Roswell Park Graduate Division. Besides her research at the Medical Foundation, she is editor of their quarterly publication, lmpacr.. Active in the community, she is treasurer of American Women in Science and is an active panelist and lecturer for professional and civic groups, locally, nationally and inter­ nationally. Cody's research receives funding from highly competitive sources such as the National Institutes of Health, The National Science Foundation, and the American Cancer Society. Writing all her own grant proposals, she has kept herself well-supported for 15 years without any University or corporate salary. She seems tersely pleased with this fact, yet just a little impatient with all this talk about what she has already done. Clearly, Vivian Cody is far more interested in moving toward her next discovery or her next adventure than in dwelling on past accomplishments. • (Ms. Sandler Is a \Al alumna aid writer.) a professional 07/86 �22 Dr. Norma Panahon'sparents, closefriends of the Aquinas, have major roles in new government W hile a UB psychiatrist was visit­ ing her native Philippines in 1981, her Amherst home was occupied by Corazon Aquino. Then relatively unknown and in the shadow of her husband, Mrs. Aquino is now president of the Philippines. Corazon Aquino stayed at the home of UB clinical assistant professor of psychiatry Dr. Norma C. Panahon, while Panahon's mother entertained them. "She (Aquino) called the Phili~ pines to return the gesture by making sure we, in turn, were guests at their Philippines home," says Dr. Panahon, whose parents, Jose and Betry Calderon, have been close friends with the Aquinos for years. Dr. Panahon's father, along with the late Benigno Aquino, had been a prominent opposition leader during the 20-year presidency of Fer­ dinand Marcos. With the remarkable change in government, the UB psychia­ trist's parents are now major leaders in the new administration. Dr. Panahon's own history in the Philippines reflects the bitter change in that country that occurred with the first few years of Marcos' power. lnJuly, 1967,asayoungpsychiatry graduate at the University of the Philippines, Panahon started a residency she was soon to leave - for a door-to-door job. Door-to• door, that is, campaigning for her mother's election to a second term as governor of the remote ueva Vizcaya province. "l had to go door-to-door, shaking every­ body's hand and introducing myself," recalls Panahon, pointing out that the media is still not accessible to Philippine politicians. "We 07186 BY PAUL OLCHVARY were obligated to feed the community," she explains, adding that it was not uncommon to have 300 people over for lunch. For all the hard work, however, her mother was not reelected. According to Panahon, her defeat had little to do with mere popularity: "She was outmaneuvered because she refused to buy votes or resort to terrorism." Panahon remembers seeing people bribed and threatened so they would submit duplicate copies of their ballots. It was December of that same year that Panahon left for the U.S., "disgusted and disenchanted" with what she had seen in her home land. BUFFAID IPHYS1¢1 AN ) D r. Panahon has come a long way after more than 18 years in the United States. Now a VB faculty member, she devotes most of her time to her private practice in Amherst. Recently, she was elected president of the Phili~ pine Psychiatrists in America, and is currently treasurer of the Western New York Psychiatric Society. Panahon left the Philippines with her husband, Dr. Alvin Panahon, who was her classmate at the University of the Philippines. Today, he is clinical assist­ ant professor of radiology at UB, director of radiation therapy at Niagara Falls Memorial Hospital, and co-owner of the Radiation Oncology Group. Having worked for 18 years at Roswell Park, his last position there was associate chief of radiation therapy. After he finished an internship in Milwaukee, the Panahons moved to Buffalo in July, 1968. Why Buffalo? Dr. Panahon tells of a psychiatry profes­ sor of hers in the Philippines who had trained at VB. "Quite a few of my fellow residents at the University of the Philippines landed in Buffalo because of that affiliation with our professor," she notes. The Panahons had originally planned to return home after completing their residencies, but as the Philippine situa­ tion worsened, the U.S. became more and more of a home. Dr. Panahon spent eight years working at the Buffalo Psychiatric Center and one year at Veterans Administration Hos­ pital. She also developed her private practice. Meanwhile, trouble was brewing in the Philippines. Panahon's father, Jose D. Cald­ eron, was one of 300 men elected to a �23 constitutional convention before the second term of then President Marcos. Having been a cabinet member under former President Pico­ dado Macapagal, Calderon was now placed in the situation of having to defend the demo­ cratic form of government he believed in. Marcos, on the other hand, promoted a parliamentary form of government so he could be prime minister for Life.According to Panahon, Marcos was "buying off people to make sure it would be the way he wanted it." When Marcos saw this wasn't working, he created unrest around the country (staging ambushes, for example) to justify a declaration of martial law. In 1972, when Marcos finally imposed military rule, he immediately ordered the arrest of all active members of the constitu­ tional convention . Jose Calderon was among the first 12 to be arrested. Benigno Aquino, the youngest senator in the country, "sure to be the next president ... a very charismatic man," according to Dr. Panahon, was first on the list. Hardship breeds friendship, and so it was. After the declaration, Marcos had final word on everything, and his first order of business was to close off all communications across the country. According to Panahon, most Filipinos were confused at first: "They were wondering why there was no television and no newspaper." Many newsmen were out of jobs. One of them, in hiding, showed up at the Calderons' house shonly before Christmas, and Dr. Panahon's father gave him some money for his family. Says Panahon, "They used that as an excuse to get my dad, though they never filed charges against him." For six months, Jose Calderon was im­ prisoned, and if not for good fortune, it may BUFFALO [P1-1v$1¢1ANI have been much longer. For years, he has been an active member of the International Christian Leadership, a largegroup based in Washing­ ton, D.C. The ICL had organized an annual "Presidential Prayer Breakfast" for Congress and the Senate, during which Calderon's name came up. Dr. Cliff Robinson, head of the group, decided to visit him. With the appearanc ,e of Dr. Robinson, Calderon's re­ lease was immediate and, ironically, noncha­ lant. Panahon recalls, "Dr. Robinson just grabbed my dad and took him home." Calderon remained under indefinite house arrest. A lawyer by trade, he was president of several mining and petroleum firms. Wherever he went, whether down the street or to board meetings, a troop of soldiers was never far behind. Dr. Panahon could still call her father from the U.S., but "you knew the phones were tapped, so you just talked superficially ... 07/86 �24 nothing political, all in code," she says with a wry chuckle. Many of Panahon's friends were doctors still living in the Philippines. For the most part, their attitude toward the government reflected the country's in general. People were afraid to speak, cast into an artificial apathy. "All my doctor friends decided to restrict their work to non-political, purely medical (affairs), and dance with the music." In 1974, Dr. Panahon's mother came to the U.S. for a medical checkup, and it was found that she needed a coronary bypass. Panahon 's father personally pleaded to MarC05for permis­ sion to leave the country, with a guarantee that he'd rerurn. He stayed in the U.S. for only a month or so, until his wife was well on the road to recovery, then rerurned to oversee the family businesses. He remained under house arrest. By 1978, Dr. Panahon and a sister in the U.S. were finally successful in petitioning for their father to be an immigrant. After he arrived here, he became active in organizations such as the "Free the Philippines Movement," and established contacts with other Philippine exiles in the U.S. A fter eight years of imprisonment, Benigno Aquino was sent to the U.S. in 1980 for open heart surgery, with the inter­ vention of President Carter. For the next three years, Calderon and Aquino maintained a close friendship, like other Philippine exile leaders in the U.S. Two weeks before Aquino was assassinated upon his return to the Philippines, he drove from Massachusetts to be with Calderon at his birthday party in New Jersey. Ironically, Aquino's assassination remarkably changed the tide of things. Explains Panahon, "After Aquino died, you had millions, including the church, saying 'Enough is enough.' They saw that there's power in numbers." Calderon and a group of political exiles in the U.S. organized the "Ninoy Aquino Movement," and Calderon remained a close advisor and father figure to its members. Also, many of Panahon's physician friends became politically active 07/86 righteous person." Panahon agrees that Aquino needs a lot of help, but points out that she has surrounded herself with an impressive lineup of advisors. Asked whether she believes Aquino can work through the disorder that Marcos left her, Panahon concedes that "it will be a lot of tough work ...to dismantle these 20 years of chaos." However, she believes the most important factor for the success of the new gove.rnment will be not only the support of the people, but also a reestablishment of trust for politicians. "CorazonAquino needsa lot of help; it will take a lot of toughwork to dismantlethese 20 yearsof chaos left behindby FerdinandMarcos." after Aquino's death, joining groups like NAMFREL (National Movement for Free Elections), an organ~tion that monitored ballot counting. Their letters to the U.S. expressed pride in becoming more active participants in history. Just after Marcos abandoned Malacanang Palace, Jose Calderon was awakened by a phone call from a dose advisor to Corazon Aquino, placed from inside the palace. When he was finally convinced of the news, Calderon immediately called his daughter. Says Panahon, "My dad called me up right away, and he said, 'The boxing is over!' ... he was screaming on the phone. "I just cried," Dr. Panahon says, "because my biggest fear was for my dad - he's now 67 - not to be able to see this during his lifetime." Dr. Panahon has faith in Corazon Aquino, whom she describes as "a very moralistic and BUFFAID jPHvS1¢1 A N) D r. Panahon 's parents have both returned to the Philippines. Since January, her mother had been a campaign manager and " 'watchdog' for Cory," says Panahon . Today, she is governor of her home province, located, fittingly, near Marcos' home province. As for Panahon's father, he was just appointed as one of 45 commissioners to write the new constitution for the country . "My dad is now in a position like Thomas Jefferson and the founding fathers of America," Panahon smiles. In addition, Panahon'ssister Lilia, an econo­ mist who manages one of the world's major financial funds, will serve as an advisor to the new government. Dr. Panahon is thankful her parents always emphasized education, and set a good example themselves. Her father went to law school at the University of the Philippines with Ferdinand Marcos, and her mother received her M.A. in education after her fifth pregnancy. As for Dr. Panahon, psychiatry intrigued her from the beginning at medical school in the Philippines, and she says, "l guess l love to tallc:." The Panahons have made no plans just yet to move back to the Philippines. After having been away for so long, Dr. Panahon points out the importance of being realistic and practical. Also, they have three children to raise. However, with Marcos gone, more options will be open to them. Panahon's husband, being a radiation therapist, is in a specialty not readily available in the Philip­ pines. As for herself, she says, "The Philip­ pines has about 120 psychiatrists for 60 million people." • �25 Smith heads Governor's long term care panel J ust appointed to Governor Mario Cuomo's New York State Project 2000's Advisory Panel for Long Term Care is Lester mith, Ph.D., clini cal associate pro ­ fessor of medicine at UB. Smith i nationally kn o wn as an expert on the subje ct of aging and was d irector of the U B Multidisciplinary Center for the tudy of Aging for five years until last year. The panel is part of Project 2000, an undertaking introduced by Governor Cuomo in his 1985 State of the State address . Its purpose is to identify and examine key oppor­ tunities, challenges, and options facing the State throughout the balance of the 20th century and beyond. The advisory panel to which Dr. Smith was appointed will study such concerns as the impact of the aging population on health care needs. The panel and Project 2000 are ad ­ ministered by SUNY / Albany's elson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government . "The remainder of the century will witness pronounced growth in the proportion of the population who are elderly, especially in the number of those over age 75," declared Sharon Dawes, executive fellow at the Rockefeller Institute and study director of Long Term Care 2000. "During the first decades of the next century, this trend will accelerate even more dramatically. Demands for long-term support services are likely to be particularly heavy. " Smith, an Arkansas native, earned his bachelor 's degree from the University of California, Berkeley ; his master's degree from Howard Medical College, and his doctoral degree in biochemistry from University of California Medical School, San Ftancisco . Before joining UB's faculty, he served as an administrator in the NIH for nine years and was founding administrator of the National lnstirute on Aging. Before leaving that position to come to Buffalo, he had initiated several national programs in biomedical aging which are now located in over 200 institutions and budgeted for more than $42 million. He was also chief advi sor to the White House and Congress on new programs for initiatives related to the elderly . He became the first full-time director of UB's nationally respected Center for the Study of Aging in 1980 . The Center has been designated by the State as the headquarters for aging studies for 64 state-wide colleges and universities. Smith currently serves as editor of the Gerontolo gist journal. He is also director , Home Equity Living Plans, Inc.; a member of Congress ' Black Caucus Brain Trust on Aging, and a member of the Special Populations Committee, American Cancer Society, N.Y . State Division. As author or editor of 25 books and articles , his research focuses on biological processes of aging, especially relating to lipoproteins, immunology, and protein synthesis and also on aging patterns among the minority elderly . • Anesthesiologists honor Dr. Richard Ament Dr. Richard Ament (M'42) has received the highest award of the American Society of Anesthesiologists . The UB clinical professor and director of educational programs in the Department of Anesthesiology was selected for the Distinguished Service Award at the Society's annual meeting in San Francisco. The award is given to exemplary individuals who have made outstanding contributions to anesthesiology in education, research, and organizational activities. The 66-year-old graduate of the UB school BUFFAID jPHVS1¢1 A.N I of Medicine has been with UB as a faculty member since 1949, and has long associations with Buffalo General and Children's hospitals. His leadership positions cover the entire gamut of his specialty, medicine in general , and community activities. He has served as president of both the American and the New York State Societies of Anesthesiologists; on the executive committees of the World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists and the American College of Anesthesiologists ; as president of the Jewish Center of Greater Buffalo and of Temple Beth Zion; as vice president of the Jewish Federation of Greater Buffalo; on the national executive board of the Boy Scouts of America; as an executive committee member of Buffalo General Hos~ pita! and as a committee leader in county, state, and national medical societies. He has also been a senior examiner for 25 years for the American Board of Anesthesiologists. • 'Buffalo Physician' . . . 1s a pnze wmner B uffalo Physician is co-winner of a nationalaward. As part of UB's Office of Publications, it shared in a Silver MedalAward from CASE (Council for the Advancement and Support of Educa­ tion) and Time Maga­ zine for the University's total publications program. The national competition evaluated entries from 60 institutions. Buffalo Physicianwas one of four periodicals entered (the others were Reporter, S01nce,the University's science digest, and UB Today, the alumni newspaper). Five recruitment pieces and other University-wide publications made up the rest of the total entry. Judging was based on content, editing, writing, graphics, photography, and printing. Robert T. Marlen is director of University Publications, which includes Buffalo Physician. The Ph::,sician'seditor is Bruce S. Kershner, • while Alan J. Kegler is its art director . 07/ 86 �26 ECMC'SHEAD IN YUNIT BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER ( ( T hesenseofhumorisoneofthe functions that is most easily lost after a head injury - and also among the most difficult to restore," states Dr. Thomas Dickinson, supervising clinical psychologist for the Head Injury Unit at Erie County Medical Center. Treating loss of psychological functions after brain trauma is just one of a spectrum of responsibilities of the Head Injury Unit. The unit is the only comprehensive center for such injuries in Upstate N.Y. (the nearest similar U.S. facility is in ew York City). The four-year-old program is headed by physiatrist James Czyrny, M.D., clinical assistant pro­ fessor of rehabilitation medicine. lts coordinated therapies include physical, occupational, and speech therapy; rehabilita­ tion counseling; a speciali?ed nursing staff; and psychological rehabilitation, headed by Dr. Dickinson, also a clinical assistant pro­ fessor of rehab medicine. "We are the highly speciali?ed head injury unit for the eight counties of Western New York," relates Dr. Dickinson. "We work primarily with inpatients after their acute care to improve their physical and cognitive functioning and to smooth adjustment troubles. Our patients also return for outpatient treatment." Dr. Dickinson adds that area physicians and hospitals are encouraged to refer their head-injured patients to the unit. The unit plays a vital role for the community since serious head injury is the leading cause of death for persons under 35. The National Head Injury Foundation estimates that of the 400,000 people who suffer head trauma every year, 100,000 die. Another 30,000 to 50,000 are left permanently disabled - 75 per cent of those because of mental, not physical injuries. "They are functionally retarded. And the health system must deal with them for the rest of their Lives," explains Dickinson. "That adds up to $2.4 to $4 billion a year for care." ITT/86 Once out of the ICU, the trauma patients are stabilized neurologically and surgically, and when they are out of coma, they are moved into the rehabilitation unit. Immediately, the medical rehabilitation team works together to improve the patient's physical, cognitive, and social skills. Physiatrist Dr. Czyrny monitors the patients for medical complications. He conducts evoked potential studies and stimulates sensory and other nerves to the brain cortex to measure latency, amplitude, and presence or absence of normal wave forms. "That is the best predictor of outcome for the patients," Dr. Czyrny remarks. Czymy treats post-traumatic sei?ures and evaluates mental status for changes, especially post-traumatic hydrocephalus. He also evaluates and diagnoses peripheral nerve injuries and development of the abnormal calcification of soft tissues around joints known as heterotopic ossification. As head of the team, Dr. Czyrny also convenes the group once a week to discuss progress. He interacts with other physicians who are providing acute services, especially the surgeon, orthopaedists, neurologists, and psychiatrists. Discharge planning and family education are his responsibilities as well. R ehabilitating the psychological functions of each patient is a challenge, Dr. Dickinson observes. "The average loss in IQ due to brain trauma is 20 to 30 per cent." For a person with average intelligence (100 IQ), this means an IQ reduced to 70 to 80. "It can be just as disabling for an intelligent person, however, to have a 20 per cent lQreduction because of the traumatic effects it can have on career and creativity." Sense of humor and creativity are among the higher functions of each individual, and those are the ones that are lost most easily and regained last. When it is not lost, the sense of humor can be altered, resulting in socially inappropriate joking and laughing. BUFFAID IP MvS1¢ 1 AN I Immediate or short-term memory is also lost easily, causing serious problems. "It may even be so serious that a patient can forget to include potatoes in the potato salad," Dickinson noted. Long-term memory fortunately is more easily recovered. The brain-injured often experience life­ long problems with concentration and distraction, he remarks. "They also have difficulty in their visual and perceptual skills and cognitive abilities." Dickinson evaluates these losses through a battery of tests. "The most severe social problems result from frontal lobe injury. This causes losses in the ability to plan for the future, and problems with impulsiveness and social inap­ propriateness." Where emotional distur­ bances are great enough, consulting psychiatrists provide medication. While the injuries cause the brain traumas, the family trauma can be just as disrupting. "The whole family is affected. Higher divorce rates, alcohol problems, and discipline problems are common," Dickinson remarked. "But our family counseling provides some help by preparing them for the social possibilities." The other team members also start therapy early to prevent problems. Range of motion exercises by therapists are begun even while the patient is in a coma. Splints and casts prevent contracture, which can set in after only a week of immobility. Preventive measures to avoid skin necrosis include regular changes of position by nurses, water or air mattresses, and nutrition supplementation. The speech therapist tries to establish contact and provide stimulation while the patient is comatose since auditory stimulation is now recogni?ed as beneficial. After the person is conscious or mobile, speech therapy accelerates to include memory and reorientation exercises (sometimes using special computer programs). Physical therapy maintains range of motion and mobility through sitting, standing, walking,and progres- �27 -; ., ~ ~ J L,;.. _______________________________________ sively more exertive exercises. Simultaneously, the occupational therapist refamiliarizes the patient to daily routines of washing, feeding, dressing, and so on. Closely coordinating and vitally reinforcing all the therapies, Dickinson emphasizes, are the nurses. "The team's effectiveness depends on them." ( (T he average age of our patients is 24, with two out of three being men. Sixty per cent were in motor vehicle accidents, while the rest were injured by falls, gunshot, bicycle, and diving accidents," Dickinson continues . It is typically the young, at their physical _ prime, who are brain-injured. "It is the 20-to 30-year-olds who drive faster and live more recklessly," Dr. Dickinson comments. Interestingly, this sudden increase in head trauma began with the oil embargo of 1973 . " Despite decreased travel and lower speeds," Dickinson went on," people also used smaller cars ( which provide less protection in acci­ dents) and increased their motorcycle use. This led to an increase in both rates and sever­ ity of head injury. In fact, our peak periods are the three holiday weekends of the summer ." The next change in the trend, Dickinson hopes, is that seat belt laws are expected to reduce head injuries . The ECMC unit handles six to nine patients BUFFAID !PHV I Cl t,N I ____ __ _____ ..;.....;,_-", __ I ___. ;1 at any one time, with an expected total of 55 this year. "That's an increase over last year, but it is due to an increase in referrals , not to more being injured," he clarifies. Medical advances have had a contradictory effect on the head-injured, Dickinson says. " Acute neurosurgical management, CAT scans, ICU monitoring for intracranial pressures, for example, allow better and earlier diagnosis and prevention, on one hand. On the other hand, trauma care advances have increased the survival rate of the more severely injured ones. This increases the challenge for the medical rehab team since these patients are the ones with the most serious impairments." • Cl1/86 �2 Children's Hospital will manage School 84 C hild ren's Hospital has announced plans to take over management of School 84 from Erie County and move the Robert Warner Rehabilitation Cen­ ter to the school, located on the Erie County Medical Center Campus . Hospital President Ted Stibbards said that ''the additional space and facilities will allow the Hospital to treat a greater number of disabled children in a more effective manner, while making the best use of the resources available to handicapped children. We are convinced that expanding the use of School 84 will provide the most outstanding rehabilitation center in Western New York, paralleling any facility in the ortheast," Mr. Stibbards states . The takeover will also save taxpayers a minimum of $600,000 annually. Under terms of the proposed contract, the county will lease School 84 to the Hospital for an initial period of 10 years, and will continue to subsidize the health-related services of the school's educational program to a maximum of $1 million per year. It currently costs the county $1.6 million to operate School 84. Children 's plans to reduce operational expenses by maximizing use of the facility with the addition of after school and weekend programs, as well as increasing the range of services offered. Robert E. Cooke, M.D., pediatrician-in­ chief at Children's and medical director of the Rehab Center, also spoke about the benefits of the takeover . UB's A. Conger Goodyear Professor said, "the building, instead of being used five hours per day, could be used 16 hours per day and would provide University­ affiliated training for specialists in physical and occupational therapy, recreation programs for the disabled coordinated with the Scruggs Center, and expanded speech and hearing programs for the severely handicapped , as well as strengthened educational programs for these children." The 18-classroom School 84, constructed by the county in 1968, was designed to 07/ 86 educate and rehabilitate area children with multiple handicaps. • ( Flom Children's Hospital's "Bombino ." ) ECMC opens clinic for movement disorders T he area's first clinic for movement disorders has opened at Erie County Medical Center . Patients to be treated in the clinic have Huntington's or Parkinson's Disease, Tourene Syndrome or a range of tremors, tics, or gait disturbances, according to Dr. Reza Samie. Among patient symptoms to be treated are extreme slowness of movement (brady­ kinesia); tremors; uncoordinated movement (ataxia), or slow twisting / writhing from involuntary movement (dystonia) . While most patients treated in the clinic have Parkinson's Disease, he looks for more patients who have Tourette Syndrome, tremors, and Huntingcon's Disease. Helping Dr. Samie treat the whole patient are a neuropsychologist, a social worker, and a pharmacist, when needed. Each patient receives a complete neurological examination. During each visit, areas of patient dysfunction are carefully rated and treated, if possible. Emphasis is on drug therapy and treating the psychosocial aspects of patient disorders . "There is no cure for these neurological disorders at this time . But with correct diagnosis and treatment, there is improved • quality of life," relates Dr. Samie. (Condensed from ECMCs l'\6\NS letter "Update .") RPMI team reports on ultra-sonography T wo Roswell Park Memorial Institute researchers report in theJmma! of Surgical Onc.ologythat ultra-sonography is more precise in diagnosing palpable breast cysts than mammography. Although mammography (and palpation) will always be the best detectors of early-stage breast cancer, Dr. Dutzu Rosner, .associate chief of the Breast BUFFAlO jPHvs1C1 AN ! Surgery Department, and Roswell Park nurse practitioner Donna Blaird explain , it is not always able to differentiate between a fluid­ filled cyst and a solid tumor . Sixty-six patients with benign cystic masses and 120 with histologically-confirmed invasive breast cancer were clinically examined and evaluated by the two methods. The researchers conclude that "what ( ultrasound) can do will significantly reduce the high incidence of surgical biopsies performed on women with benign breast disease." • Buffalo General using new intravenous pump B uffalo General Hospital has instituted use of a small, portable new intravenous pump that will yield big savings and patient benefits. The Harvard Mini Infuser System will save $90,000 annually due to lower waste of drugs and a higher degree of quality assurance. Replacing the conventional Volumetric IV pump, it will provide inter­ mittent intravenous administration of drugs. Its convenience for patients lies in its ease and flexibility in attachment to the patient, and it is quicker to set up. • An HMO for the disabled under study T he State Office for Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities has awarded Robert E. Cooke, M.D., a $50,000 planning grant for the assessment and im­ plementation of a University-based centralized HMO-like service for more organized care of the developmentally disabled in Western New York. Dr. Cooke, pediatrician-in-chief for Children's Hospital, was awarded the grant in his capacity as chairman of the UB Department of Pediatrics. States Kim Griswold, R.N., M.P .H., coordinator of the new system, "We are the first in the nation co look at an HMO­ like system in terms of the developmentally disabled." • �29 Ettinger gives his 'last lecture'-early I BY BERNADETrE M. COMMISA W hat would you tell your students if you had only one more lecture to give before you left this earth? That was the intimidating question taclcled by Murray Ettinger, Ph.D., professor of bio­ chemistry at the UB School of Medicine, when the Undergraduate Biochemistry Asscx;iation invited him to share his thoughts and philosophies in his "last hour." "Ettinger's Axiom," he declared to the primarily pre-medical student audience, is summed up with the following words: "School really stinks!" He emphasized that this commonly expressed feeling has its basis in the fact that students do not see relevance in many of the subjects they are taught. He stressed that one truly learns to understand a subject only when it provides meaningfulness to one's life. "Meaningfulness and importance are the keys to learning," he continued. "And learning is accomplished through curiosity, interest, and necessity. Makesure that you learn the relevance of what you are taught in school. lf it is important to you and if you are interested, then you will learn." C entral to Ettinger's message for his "last lecture" was what he termed "The List ofFives." This list includes fiveacademic subjects from which he believes one can create relevance and perspective in a world where it seems so lacking. Lurking within literature, math, science, history, and philosophy are the antidotes to Ettinger's Axiom that "school stinks." By reading literature, students can learn about life and relationships with others that are so fundamental to all individuals. Ettinger reminded the audience that this understanding can be accomplished without necessarily studying the systems of psychology. "Remember that there were ways to under­ stand the psychology of people long before Sigmund Freud." Realizing that his audience's interests are mainly in science, he reiterated that the feeling that "school stinks" is caused partly by the fact that most math does not appear to be relevant to everyday life. The concepts in math that contribute relevance to the life of scientists are Euclid's axiom, derivatives, integrals, and Gaussian distribution. These are the most basic mathematical c.oncepts that need to be learned, he said. "lf students would learn these most relevant concepts, they could be spared much of the misery when learning more math ," he said. "Remember, if math is relevant to you, then you will appreciate it more ." The third discipline that Ettinger believes can provide insights for the life of a future scientist is history . But this cannot be accom­ plished just by learning by rote, he pointed out. The five periods in history he feels are most applicable to scientists are Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, the Renaissance, Feudalism, and the Age of Enlightenment. These are where the seeds of rational thought, the scientific process, and intellectual freedom and tolerance can be learned. Ettinger paused momentarily when he spied the tape recorder of this reporter . He jokingly remarlced, "I hope you are not a representative of Accuracy in Academia, since I did not include the Industrial Revolution on my list." He then explained that he does not consider this period to be as important or relevant in a basic scientist's life. Philosophy is fundamental to the develop­ ment of future scientists, too, he continued. BUFFAID IPHVS1¢1ANI "It is a discipline which teaches a scientist how to think and how to approach science ." But there is one great misunderstanding about science, he said: "Science is not truth," he exclaimed. He related he was shoclced when he realized this in graduate school. He explained that "Experimental science is not truth but is simply a measurement which gives you a little average and a lot of error." Ettinger finds that the concept of evolution, the fifth on his "List of Fives," yields a particularly interesting view on life. "lt shows common origins of living organisms. The fact that a protein in me is the same as a protein in a pea seedling means that (the basic stuff of) a human is no different than that of a leaf," he said . "In my last hour , I would like to be remembered as a curly-haired guy who smiled a lot because he enjoyed what he was doing," said Ettinger, and referring to the fact that he had successfully related his philosophy within the allotted time, "and that I delivered my 'last lecture' in exactly one hour!" • 6 minority students are Regents awardees S ix UB minority medical students received Regents Health Care Scholar­ ships in Medicine, State Commissioner of Education Gordon Ambach announced recently. The Regents Scholarship program is aimed at reducing the critical shortage of physicians in certain areas of New Yorlc State and expanding educational opportunities for underrepresented minority students to pursue careers in medicine. The six UB medical students are Ruben Guzman, Carlos M. Lopez, Lourdes Maldonado, Raul Vazquez, Yvonne P. Waldemar, and Janet S. Winston. Scholarship holders will receive up to $10,000 a year for up to four years of approved study, depending on financial need. After completion of their professional studies, scholarship holders are required to practice in underserved areas of New York State. • Cfl/ 86 ��3/ PIRA _T _ORY OUGH Hyaline membrane diseasein premature infants can be reduced by lung surfactant infusion treatment BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER T he major cause of respiratory failure in premature infants can now be greatly reduced because of a break­ through developed by two UB pediatricians and their University of Rochester col­ laborators. Research by neonatologists Dr. Melinda Kwong and Dr. Edmur,d Egan demonstrated that the risk of hyaline membrane disease can be lowered by 90 per cent, according to their article in a recent issue of Pediatrics. The respiratory distress syndrome affects as many as 10,000 premature infants a year. They accomplished the 90 per cent reduc­ tion in incidence by extracting lung surfactant from calves and infusing it into the lungs of premature infants at birth. Besides dramatically increasing survival, the preventive treatment "will shorten the hospital course of many infants in the future," Drs. Kwong and Egan agreed. They pointed out that infants receiving the calf lung surfact­ ant were shown to require less oxygen and respiratory support in their first few days of life. Dr. Kwong is assistant professor of pediatrics based at Children's Hospital, and Dr. Egan is professor of pediatrics and chief of neonatology at UB and Children's Hospital. Children's Hospital. The two physicians explain that full-term babies are born with adequate surfactant in their lungs, but extremely premature infants have an insufficient supply of the substance. The surfactant is necessary to keep the alveoli of the lung open. Surfactant deficiency produces progressive lung collapse and inadequate ventilation. If the insufficient surfactant doesn't result in death, the premature infant begins pro­ ducing its own surfactant by three days of life. An average of 70 per cent of untreated, extremely premature, 24-28 week gestation infants develop hyaline membrane disease. Drs. Kwong and Egan conducted their clinical trials in 1983 and 1984 using 14 treated and 13 control premature infants in a prospective, double-blind trial. Dr. Robert otter, a University of Rochester M.D. and chemical engineer, extracted the calf lung surfactants and prepared them in his laboratory. Extraction removes 90 per cent of natural surfactant. The surfactant extract was instilled in the lung at birth before the first breath; it was only later that diagnosis of respiratory disease took place. The control group received only a saline solution. BUFFAID j PHv S1¢1 AN j Both controls and treated infants needed breathing assistance because of their immaturity even if they did not have hyaline disease. To diagnose the disease, prospective criteria were established, including oxygen re­ quirement and amount of mechanical ventilation needed, lung compliance, and x­ ray findings. In the treated group, two of the 14 developed respiratory disease within 48 hours of birth. This compared with seven out of 13 of the control group. I t was first discovered in 1959 that "preemies" often die because of deficient lung surfactant. Research in the 1960s ex­ perimented with the idea of administering artificial replacements and were unsuccessful. A 1980 study using an artificial mixture of phospholipids blown into neonatal lungs prompted Dr. Egan in 1981 to start ex­ perimenting using premature lambs. Kwong's and Egan's study is one of the first to use a preventive strategy for respiratory distress syndrome of premature infants. Pre­ vious studies have given surfactants to infants already diagnosed with the disease (called the (fl/86 �32 rescue strategy) with some success. The UB study was conducted in collabor­ ation with studies from the universities of Rochester and Tor onto, which had slightly different designs. "The fact that three separate studies from three separate inst itutions found surfactant extract effective suggestS strongly that it has a real future in the treatment of premature infants," remarked Dr . Egan. The Rochester research of Dr . otter and Dr. Donald Shapiro was reported in the same October 1985 issue of Pediatricsas the UB study; the Toronto study of Dr. Goren Enhorning was published shortly before it. Dr . Enhorning has just joined the UB faculty as a professor of gynecology and obstetrics and director of the Perinatal Center at Children's Hospital. Dr Egan explained that calves' lungs are used for several reasons. Freshly killed calves are readily available and their lungs would normally be discarded during food processing, he remarked . Also, there is no risk from infection from human disease such as hepatitis, as would be the case with extracts from human lungs. Furthermore, it is not yet possible to obtain natural surfactant in large amounts from humans. "The source at this time must be from animals ," he emphasized. A calf lung yields enough surfactant (0 .5 - I.Ogram) for fiveto 10 babies. One premature infant typically requires I 00 mg. of surfactant , although the amount varies with size. To extract the material, calves' lungs are washed out with saline. A centrifuge process recovers the natural surfactant, and solvents are used to extract 90 per cent of the protein, leaving CLSE or "calf lung surfactant extract." This extract is resuspended in saline. Approxi­ mately 3 ml. of the fluid is instilled by syringe into the trachea, followed by 7 cc. of air which becomes the first breath. Breathing is assisted with a ventilator for as long as needed. D rs. Egan and Kwong are currently setting up procedures to establish UB as the center for 10 or so other universities to conduct trials. The process to extract surfactant in Buffalo is now being set up to enable 15 g. of surfactant to be extracted within one or two weeks. A company has been formed to produce CLSE and is located 07/ ~ in the W estem New York Technology Develop­ ment Center incubator facility at UB. Egan predicts that FDA approvals for wider clinical trials will occur this year and that surfactant, if proved safe, will be in common use within five years. While animals must be used at this time to extract the substance, "artificial synthesis of the surfactant is our goal. It is theoretically possible but not predictable," Dr. Egan relates. The two pediatricians are involved with other neonatal clinical research . Dr. Egan is using animals to study problems of lung function and how the lung manages solutes and water in health and disease. He has been a senior funded scientist with NIH since 1974 , with current funding totaling $750 ,000. Dr . Kwong is researching neonatal asphyxia using pigs to learn ways of preventing and treating organ damage caused by insufficient oxygen in neonates. Dr. Egan, a medical graduate of Emory University, Atlanta, has been on the UB Medical School's faculty since 1977 . Dr . Kwong graduated from Indiana University Medical School and has been on UB's medical faculty since I 981. • Are dental fillings harmfulto health? BY SEBASTIAN CIANCIO, 0.0.S. A re dental fillings harmful to your health? This question has been raised because silver fillings - properly BUFFAID IPHvS1C1AN! termed silver amalgam fillings - contain mercury, which is known to be toxic in sufficient concentrations. The answer is no ( unless you are one of very few people who are allergic to mercury) . Half of the American population has at least one silver filling. Silver amalgam is the most widely used filling material throughout the world. Silver fillings are therefore a product that has received a great deal of testing - and there is no scientific evidence to show they do harm. Certainly, there is no justification for replac­ ing fillings already present in the teeth merely because these fillings are made of silver amalgam. As the American Dental Association has pointed out, such replacement operations involve risks of their own, up to and including the unnecessary loss of teeth. Nevertheless, a few individuals, including some dentists, claim that the mercury used in dental amalgam fillings is a health hazard related to a long list of ailments, ranging from headache to multiple sclerosis. They point to studies that have shown increased mercury vapor in air exhaled following the insertion or removal of amalgam fillings, or during gum chewing by people who have amalgam fillings. They also claim that when silver fillings corrode , mercury is released into the body and becomes part of various body tissues, particularly nerves. Let's examine these charges . • Mercury is used in preparing the filling material and to facilitate hardening once �33 the filling is placed in the tooth. The fiUing hardens within minutes and once it does, the amount of mercury vapor it releases drops to the point of being negligible. • Some studies have shown that the level of mercury in a patient 's urine increases following the placement of amalgam fillings, and that this increase remains detectable for as long as a week. The levels of mercury discovered, however, were more than l 50 times lower than the amount known to be harmful. • It is true that some amalgamfillingscorrode. But most of the mercury released during corrosion recombines with the amalgam and remains "locked" in the filling. Even if some mercury did escape and was absorbed by the body, the amount would be too small and would be released too slowly to cause problems. • It is also true that if you have amalgam fillings and chew gum, your breath may contain an increased amount of mercury vapor. This increase is shortlived, however, and, at most, amounts to one­ fifth of the mercury level considered safe by the National institute for Occupational Safety and Health for constant on-the­ job exposure. A few people (less than 1 per cent) are allergic to mercury and should not have amalgam fillings. It has been suggested, there­ fore, that e\!eryone be tested for mercury allergy before receiving silver fillings. There are, however, several problems with the mercury patch test that is used to check for allergies - including the possibility that the test may acctually induce allergy in some individuals. Furthermore, the accuracy of the test has not been well documented. Still, allergy testing may be necessary for some people who have reactions to recently installed fillings. (Symptoms include itching and redness of the skin, usually in the immediate area of the filling.) These tests should be. administered by an allergist or dermatologist who specializes in such procedures. For those who wish to minimize their exposure to mercury, two other materials are available for use in dental restorations: gold inlays and fillings made of composite resins. Gold inlays are much more expensive than silver fillings, however, and the composite resins now on the market tend to wear down when used on the back teeth . • Dr. C iancio is C linica l Prof8SSO!ol Phormocologv In the Medica l School and Cha irman ol the Denta l School's Deportment of Periodont ics.Artic le rep1inted t,y perm ission from Rx: Being Well. RPMI tests use of Vitamin A derivative BY COLLEEN KARUZA R oswell ParkMemorial Institute has received a $500,000 grant from the National Cancer Institute to test the vitamin A derivative, isotretinoin, as a prophylactic against basal cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma, a disorderly growth of cells near the skin's surface, is the most common - and most commonly cured human malignacy. Although cure is virtually guaranteed with early detection and treatment, persons who have had basal cell carcinoma in the past are likely to see new skin lesions developing in the future. The first tumor may appear on the face; the next one on the neck. Currently, there is no way to prevent new basal cell carcinomas from forming. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has BUFFALO jPHV$1C1AN) been investigating drugs that would arrest or disrupt this regeneration. In a pilot study conducted by the NCI, a synthetic derivative of vitamin A called isottetinoin effectively slowed the development of new skin cancers in a small group of patients treated for basal cell carcinomas. Based on this preliminary evidence, the NCI has launched an intensive five-year clinical study of low-dose isottetinoin as a prophy­ lactic against basal cell carcinoma. Eight study sites, including Roswell Park, were selected to conduct the cooperative clinical trials. At the Roswell Park study site, Dr. Howard L. Stoll, director of the Dermatology Section and clinical associate professor of derma­ tology, is the principal investigator; and Ors. 8. Dale Wilson and Cornelie Jones are co­ invesrigators. Barbara Slusarski, R.N., M.S., is the study coordinator . Two hundred skin cancer patients at Roswell Park will participate in the NCI "double-blinded" study. "The patients will be randomly assigned to one of two groups," Mrs. Slusarski said. "One group will receive a placebo; the other, the isotretinoin." Patients will take two 5 mg. capsules each day for three years and make regular visits to the Roswell Park Dermatology Clinic. After the three years, study researchers will compare the groups to see if the isotretinoin group had fewer basal cell carcinomas. Although they will stop taking the capsules after the third year, patients will return to the clinic for routine follow-up visits every six months for two more years. "All patients have been informed that should we find proof that the isottetinoin is effective, the 'blind code' will be broken, and the drug will be prescribed for all study participants," explained Mrs. Slusarski. Conversely, if the drug proves harmful at any time, the study will be abruptly discontinued. And how safe is isotretinoin? "Physicians have successfully treated more than 1,000 acne patients with isotretinoin at doses three to 10 times higher than the 10 milligram daily dose in our study," said Mrs. Slusarski. "As with any medication, side effects can occur; however, we feel that, because of the low dosage, any side effects that do occur are very unlikely to be dangerous." • 07186 �34 world-wide competitions, as a top ranking stereographer by the Photographic Society of America. In 1983 I was 18th, in 1984 I was in the 28th position and in 1985 (the last tabulation as recorded in the PSA Journal) I was in 13th place." John Stobo heads unit at Hopkins T he appointment of yet another UB Medical School alumnus to a nationally prominent leader hip position took place last year when Dr. John Stobo was named ChiefoftheDepartmentofMedi­ cineofJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine. tobo, who received his under­ graduate degree from Dartmouth College, graduated from the UB Medical School as a member of the Cla s of 1968 . He formerly held positions in the Department of Immunology at Mayo Clinic and Research Foundation and associate professor in the depart­ ments ofRheumatology and Im­ munology at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute of the Univer­ sity of California. Stobo is also currently chair­ man of the Arthritis Foundation's research committee and councilor of the Western Society of Clinical lnve tigation . He serves on the editorial boards of the Journalof Molecularand CellularImmunology and RheumatologyInternational. He is a member of the American RheurmtismNrocia!ioo,treAmn:an Association of Immunologists, and the honor society Alpha Omega Alpha . Stobo has received everal awards including the Merck Award for Excellencein Medicine and the Maimonides Medical Society Award . His research focuses on rheu­ m a tology and immunology, especially T-cell reactions . • -- G. Taylor <Jl/ 86 George W. Thorn (M'26) • received a major honor when a 16-story biosciences research building on the Harvard campus was named the George W. Thorn Building for Medical Research. The building is owned and occupied jointly by Harvard Medical School, Brigham Hospital, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Thom is a co­ founder of the Hughes Institute and has served as its director of medical research, chairman of its Medical Advisory Board, and currently chairman of its Board of Trustees. Thorn is Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic at Harvard. He is also one of the founding editors of Harrison'sPrinciplesof InternalMedicine. At the naming ceremony, Harvard Medical School Dean Daniel T osterson said of Thorn, "He is that rare physician who has made signi­ ficant contributions in each of the career paths of medicine teaching, research and patient care:, Bernard S. Stell (M'36) • a retired psychiatrist, writes "l continue to be recognized in John D. White (M'40) • has been chosen as the Miami Lighthouse for the Blind repre­ sentative to the Florida Keys. Dr. White has been renamed as consultant to the South Florida Home Health and Professional Services. Donald W. Hall (M'41) • retired from practice in 1983 and is now medical director of New York Plasma, lnc. and a physician in the pheresis area with the American Red Cross. Morris Unher (M'43) • informs us that in October 1985 he was a visiting professor of obstetrics and gynecology at IWATE University Medical College, Morioka, Japan. Eugene). Morhow (M'45) • writes that he retired in December 1985. His new address is 57 Sherwood Drive, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia 24986. Leonard Berman (M'46) • was elected president of the Past Presidents' Association of the Erie County Medical Society. His poster and VHS tape pre­ sentation, "Surgical Management of Chrohn's Granulomatous Enteritis -a 32 Year Follow Up of 367 Cases (1952-1984)" was presented at the Xlth Biennial Congress of the International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons in Dallas, Tx., and at Spring Clinical Day in Buffalo, N.Y. Myron Gordon (M'48) • was elected assistant secretary to the American College of Obste­ tricians and Gynecologists at the College's Annual Clinical Meeting in New Orleans. Dr. Gordon is professor and chair­ man of the department of OB/GYN at Albany Medical College. Dr. Gordon's career includes research in family plan­ ning and contraception; cerebral palsy, mental retardation and other neurological diseases in children; and most recently, the prevention of low birth weight, and prenatal care and nutrition. He has been a consultant and advisory panel member to various federal government agencies on perinatal research and over the counter contraceptives. Dr. Gordon has authored nearly 50 scientific journal articles and book chapters. Robert D. Sanford (M'49) • afrer retiring from the Phelps Dodge Corporation, is now with the Family Health Center in Casa Grande, Az. Irma M. Waldo (M'49) e of Hillsdale, N.Y., closed her solo pediatric office afrer 35 years. She is retaining school jobs and will continue as medical director of an alcohol center and nursing home. �5 Patricia A. Meyer (M'S0) • of Haines City, Fl. writes: "After attending my 35th Class Reunion in 1985, I believe that I can claim the honor of being the first female OB/GYN resident in Buffalo and the first OB/GYN resident to have a baby while a resident. I trained under Dr. Ed Winkler at E.J. Meyer Memorial Hospital (now Erie County Medical Center)." Dr. Meyer is Field Professor of Family Medicine at Meharry Medical College. Morton A. Stenchever (M'56) • is associate editor of Obstetrics and G:,necology, the official journal of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecolo­ gists. Dr. Stenchever is professor and chairman of the Deparonent of OB/GYN at the University of Washington, Seattle. Joseph A. Oipoala (M'64) • is an assistant clinical professor of medicine at the University of Rochester School of Medicine. Marvin Z. Kurian (M'64) • was promoted to Lt. Col. in the U.S. Army Reserve Medical Corps in January. He was elected to the Research Editorial Board of Sports Meaicine Journal. Dr. Kurian is a member of the Presidential Associates of the UB Foundation and the John Wille.esClub of Wille.esCollege. Stephen E. Langer (M'67) • writes a weelc.lyhealth column for the NationalExaminerentitled "Medicine Man." His book, Solving the Riddle of lllness, was published by Keats in 1984. Dr. Langer has a private practice in George David Goldberg (M'70) • has been elected to fellowship in the American Academy of Neurology. Or. Goldberg is chief of staff at the John C. Lincoln Hospital, Phoenix, Az., for 1986-1987. Orthomolecular Berkeley, Ca. Medicine John W. Kraus (M'72) • is chief of staff at Lourdes Hospital, Paducah, Ky. He is in private practice specializing in gastroen­ terology. in Julian R. Kareliu (M'68) • a specialist in nuclear medicine, was elected to the Executive Com­ mittee, Saint John's Hospital and Health Center, Santa Monica. Dr. Karelit:z has been in the screen writer's program at UCLA for the past four years and received a certificate in screenwriting in the spring of 1986. Dr. Karelit:z headsa medicaland literarycorpor­ ation for film and television writing. S.K. Bosu (M'69) • was recent­ ly appointed chief consultant in pediatrics/neonatology by Lagos State, Nigeria. Dr. Bosu is an associate clinical professor of pediatrics at the University of California at lrvine. Peter Mansky (M'68) • reports he practices general psychiatry and psychopharmacology in Albany, N.Y. Heison the clinical faculty in two departments at Albany Medical College of Union University and on the editorial board of Ps:,chiatric Quarter!:,. Manslc.yhas published widely in the areas of depression treatment and drug and alcohol dependence. Richard N. Warnock (M'72) • informs us that he is a medical examiner for the FAA and a pilot with commercial and in­ strument ratings. A specialist in orthopaedic surgery, Dt. Wamoclc. is director of the Sports Medicine Department at the University of Lowell, Ma. In 1980 he was guest editor of the Antholog:, of SportsMeaicine. Tone Johnson (M'75) • is a diplomate of the American Board of Family Physicians, and a fellow in the American Academy of Family Physicians. Dr. Johnson has been selected by the Military Academy (West Point) to serve as its liaison in South Texas. Steven Lari (M'75) • moved to Atlanta where he has a private practice in psychiatry. He is affiliated with the Charter Peachford Hospital and the Ridgeview Institute in Atlanta. Stanley Kramer (M'76) • writes "I am medical director of the Community Health Care Plan, an HMO in Stamford, Ct., and also continue happily practicing primary-care pediatrics." BUFFAID IPMVS 1 ¢ 1 AN I Nora B. Wilcox (M'76) • recently received the Mary Lyon Award from Mount Holyoke College, Mass, her undergraduate alma mater. Dr. Wilcox is a Lt. Commander in the U.S. Navy Medical Corps and flight surgeon at the Whidbey Island Naval Air Station in Washington State. The award honors young alumnae who have demonstrated achieve­ ments during the past year. Wilcox previously received the Sikorsky Helicopter Rescue Award for her participation as attending physician in a helicopter rescue. She is in charge of four squadrons of naval flight personnel and their families and is part of the Naval Search & Rescue team. She was commis-­ sioned in the U.S. Navy in 1980 after completing a residency in nuclear medicine in UB's Medi­ cal School affiliated hospitals. JamesJ. Creighton,Jr. (M'79) • just published "Primary Malignant Tumors of the Upper Extremity: Retrospective Analysis of 126 Cases" in the November 1985Journa!ofHand Surge,:,.He is an Arizona Medical Society member and lives in Phoenix, Az. 07186 �36 Dr. Alice Unger • who was a clinical associate professor of child psychiatry, recently died at the age of 78. After graduating from the Universiry of Bonn in Germany with the Doctor of Medicine degree in 1931, she attended the Universiry of Berlin and specialized in pediatrics. She practiced this specialry there and in this country until she started her residency training in psychiatry in 1954 at Buffalo State and Meyer Memorial hospitals. Continuing her interest in children, she also trained in child psychiatry in Buffalo and joined the faculty of the Department of Psychiatry where she remained until her retirement in 1977. Dr. Unger was beloved by her students and patients. She not only taught medical students, psychiatric residents, and nursing students, but was also active in supervising pastoral counselors and nurse clinicians. As a former pediatrician, she headed the liaison service to the pediatric wards, also teaching pediatric residents basic facts about child psychiatry. Her research and clinical interests focused on suicidal attempts in younger children, many of whom were also involved in drug abuse. She also specialized in treating patients with Anorexia Nervosa and was acknowledged to be very successful with difficult patients where others had been unable to help . Personally, Dr. Unger was warm, friendly, conscientious and always helpfully cooperative with her friends and professional associates . She made an important contribution in the development of child psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry and communiry . She will be missed by all of us. • --S. Mouchly Small, M.D. Dr. Edward R. Cannon (M'40) • died recently. A resident of Cazenovia, N.Y., he was, among other things, respected by his class colleagues for his leadership in the recent Class Reunion Gift program and for his generosiry. • Dr. Rocco A.V. Spano• died at the age of 93 on December 20, 1985, after a short illness. The pediatrici an had treated patients for more than 60 years. Born in Calabria, Italy, he received his 07186 M.D. from the Universiry of Naples in 1919. He served as a professor there for two years after five years in the Royal Italian Army Medical Corps. In 1923, he came to the U.S. to visit a brother in Rochester and was convinced by a doctor in Buffalo to remain here for his medical expertise. Spano practiced pediatrics in Perrysburg in 1925 and then in his Buffalo home starting in 1934. He was also an Italian consul for 12 years until the early 1930s. He was one of the first doctors on staff at Columbus Hospital and was on staff at Children's Hospital. A member of several medical societies, he was one of the founders of the Italiancultural organization, the Dante Alighieri Club. He is remembered for his generosity to his patients, many of whom never received bills. He saw patients until the year he died. He is survived by his late brother Oomenics's children and two sisters, Catherine and Marie, both ofltaly. • Dr. Harry Baltaxe • died on August 24, 1985, of a myocardial infarction. He did his internship and residency at E.J. Meyer and Millard Fillmore hospitals . A medical graduate ( 1960) of the University of Lausanne, Swiaerland, he had a successful academic career at SUNY Upstate Medical Center in the 1960s, at Cornell, and at the Universiry of Nebraska, where he was professor and chairman until 1980. From 1981 until his death, he was a professor at the Universiry of California at Davis. Contributions may be sent to his memorial fund in care of John Rosenquist, M.D., Department of Radiology, Rm. 109, UCO Professional Building, 4301 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817. • Dr. Thomas Kent Terrell (M'47) died in Buffalo on July 24, 1985, at the age of 62. Or. Terrell was a Fellow of the American College of Anesthesiologists and a Diplomate of the American Board of Anesthesiology. His memberships included the New York State Sociery of Anesthesiologists, the American Sociery of Anesthesiologists, Inc., the Medical Sociery of the Counry of Erie, and the Medical Sociery of the State of New York.• BUFFAID CTE'i" s' I C I AN : Dr. Fraser D. Mooney, M.0. 88, the first physician to hold the title of director of Buffalo General Hospital, and who retired as director after 34 years in 1962, died August 22 in Pompano Beach, Florida. After his discharge from the Canadian Army, he enrolled as a medical student at McGill Universiry in Montreal where he obtained his M.D. and a master of surgery degree. In 1924, he became an intern at Buffalo General Hospital. The Hospital's first resident surgeon, Dr. Mooney was put in charge of medical and surgical administration, and in 1947 was given the title of director. The Nova Scotia native was widely credited with organizing the Hospital into departments and had a reputation for meeting each hospital patient personally to inquire about care . Upon bis retirement, the Buffalo Chapter of the American Red Cross presented him with a certificate for distinguished service. He was a UB adjunct medical faculry member for almost 30 years . Or . Mooney was the founder and first president of the Western New York Hospital Council and a past president of the Hospital Association of New York State. He also was a past president of the American College of Hospitals, an national organization based in Chicago. Or. Mooney is survived by his wife, Norma; four sons, Fraser, Robert, Daniel, and Thomas; a daughter, Charlann; 17 grandchildren and four great great grandchildren . • Dr. John Paroski (M'BO) died suddenly on September 19, 1985. Dr. Paroski had served as a pediatric resident at Children's between 1980 and 1983 . Following a one-year appointment as chief pediatric resident, he left the hospital in 1984 to enter private practice with Tom Foels, M.D. The Buffalo native was admired for his caring nature and the warmth he displayed towards his patients. He offered an abundance of gentle concern for each child he treated. He is survived by his wife, Dr. Margaret Werick Paroski, and children, Andrew and Jacqueline. • �■ ROSWELL PARK ONCOLOGY SEMINARS: • Update of Controversies of GynecologicMalignacics, chaired by Dr. Steven M. Pivcr, Saturday, Sept. 20, 1986. • Trends in Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer, chaired by Dr. Robert Huben, Friday, October 3, 1986. Both will be held at Roswell Parle Memonal Institute, 666 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14263. Contact Gayle Bcrsani, R.N., Coordinator of Continuing Education, (716) 845-2339. Fee: $45 - Physicians; $15, Allied Health Professionals; No fee, students. ■ UB PEDlATRIC CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR 1986: • The 9th National Conference on Pediatric / Adult Allergy and Clinical Immunology.July 10-12, 1986. Four Seasons Hotel, Toronto, Ontario. Credit Hours: 20. Fees: $325 Physiciansin Practice,$185 Allied Health Professionals. • The Cape Cod Conference on Pediatrics. August 1-3, 1986. Dunfey Hyannis Hotel, Hyannis, Cape Cod, MA. Credit Hours: 15. Fees:$300 Physicians in Practice, $175 Allied Health. • Advance in Ga tro­ enterology and utrition, 19 6. August 15-17, 1986. Dunfey Hyannis Hotel, Hyannis, Cape Cod, MA. Credit Hours: 25. Fees: $275 Phy icians. Contact: Rayna Saville, Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, 219 Bryant Street, Buffalo 14222. Tel. (collect): 716878-7630. ■ CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL ALUMNI DAY. September 26, 1986, Kinch Auditorium, 9-5 p.m. "Genetics of Hyperlipo­ proteinemia in Children" by Jean Courtner, M.D., former chief of pediatrics at Children's, now U. Penn. professor of pediatrics; also with Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. ------------------------------------------------------NO POSTAGE STAMP ECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITEDSTATES BUSINESS REPLYMAIL FIRSTCLASS PERMITNO 2210 BUFFALO. NY POSTAGEWILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE BUFFAID PHYSICIAN 139 Cary Hall State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14214-9980 I,,,11, I,,I,,I,I,,,11, I,,II,I,,I,I,,I,,I,11,,,,, I,II �on -Profit Org . P H Y S U.S . Postage PAID Buffalo , . Y. Permit No . 311 A N C State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. 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School of Medicine -- Periodicals Medical colleges -- New York (State) -- Buffalo -- Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-July Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Relation A related resource MIcFilm LD701 .B42 M5 no. 268-271, Buffalo physician and biomedical scientist Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008_1986-v20n02-July Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. A Mad Form of Art Medical Miniatures He Made History Senior Physicians Buffalo Surgical Society Chronic Pain, Osteoporosis & AIDS People Hospitals Students Research Classnotes Deaths Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-27 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v20n02 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. New York (State) -- Buffalo Is Format Of A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format. Journals and magazines (periodicals) Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1986 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/485735cf822210f55d099734146efd9e.pdf 7ca079607af208977e480e5cb9e214b3 PDF Text Text P H Y S \'C I l. IE 2 \ • 'L'\181:R Th Hi tory of M dicine Coll ction C A N �BUFFAID HYSICI A 1] D an' Mes ag~ Tr\ff El D I:.E Tl I u lcer R RT DIRH f R Im J K •lcr e.tr Friends of The chool of Medicine: metcen e1ghcy-s1xllx1b like a h;:mner year for the hool of "1cdicme Alter ,1long, long \\a1t th ne" wmg of the Main treet Complex will be completed and opened. Th, fr ilit} will hou e a totally new and modem animal facility and the major tea hmg and support ,;ervice. for the medi al tudent . The av::11labil1tyof mul­ t1purro,c teaching facilities and of many mall teaching-conf..•rence nx1m hould facilitate the pro\'I mm. of educational inmwat1on, and mnre personali:ed tea hing-leammg experiences. ln add1t1on, the ne\\ facility will prov1d the admm1strat1ve home for the h1X1Ifor ,lt lea,r the next two }ears. In the fall, Farber Hall will be cln ed ,md a two year renovation pmJect will he m1t1att..J. When completed, the ,1d­ mm1 tranv office,, with the exception of those dedicated to the academic support of medical student , will he relocated to the Farher Hall facility. The Medical Alumni ,1re making 19 6 a hanner year a well. The· have planned another c ·cellent program for ,prmg lmi ,11Day. Their ,p •cial gu twill he a former Western ew Yorker, Dr. George Harem, who ha, been a maior leader in medicine m Mainland hma for man) year . He " re,pons1hle for the eradi am n of luetic di,ea e in hm,1 and 1, cummrly leading the way ro prevent and eradicate leprosy. Dr. Harem will make many appearance. during his "return home" and will be providing valuable insight~ on the current qatu of life in Chm, • Dr. John Richert and r. Jo eph M,msfield have worked clo.dy with the leader of each of the Reunion la~ . It i apparent chat ch,, program will once again be a huge succe ... My thank to che leaders and to ea h of rhe cla se, for th 1r contmucd upporc of our endeavor.;. The e pro)?ram ,erve to facilitate the chool' progres in many area .. incerel)', John aughton, M.D. Vice Pre ident for linical Affairs Dean, hool of Medicine 0 PIT LS er,11 ,I ( m er I In 111utc Medical Alumni A ociation Pre ident ' M s ag A I thmk .1hout completing m) term as your pr· iJ nt, I w1.h w c~ank my dMinguishcJ hoard of phy 1c1ans_for1t, uppport ,mJ w1 counsel. Our ,um for the )car wa to build a hndge herween the wisdom ,md knowledge of the older phys1c1an, and the energy anJ th· technical prowe s ot ch• younger dt tor . ur 1r,t . tep m rhi, pH e wa, the development of a newsletter. We look for.vard to more effort, in communic.1tion m che year to come. I had thought of enticlmg these remark , "From ulfa co Laser," wh1 h would be a review of my year, in medicine. I have always believed that I was privileged to work m medicine during the "golden )ear,." The wonder drug, cue mortality rate. dramatical! and permitted m,my surgical technique to ·volve. I can still remember ailing ulfa "the holy powder." The development of mammography and th C. T. an, for example, as well as all of the daca collection from elccmm1c momconng of all kmd have given u. so many more diagno. tic cools. We are encermg a whole new age of la. er surgery which may make urger)· ,1 we know 1c h >lete. A. I kx>k hack over 4 •. 1m year,, I want you to know I feel it wa.· a very exciting time co he a doctor, During this time, a doctor wa a highly respc ted member of his com· mumty. "Tim , arc a changing" - we ,1IIknow the new problem t>nthe hori:on. As Hemingway > wi ely wrote, "Life break. people m many places, but ome gee . cronger m the broken place .. " Charle. ]. Tanner, M.D. '43 �B P H Y S A N CONTENTS THE AR O I T • Arsoni Tare perhap · the most p y hiatri :tud · mi 'judged riminal - of our ·o iety. by Or. eorge olnar ha found thm most arsonists hav no particular fa cination with fir and do not get any exual ·rimulation from them. 5 A E THE IOLOGY 8 TRA ELI G TIGHT 1 A ·ocicty hanges and a · the field of medical knowledge expand ·, the development · that result are ultimately reflected in the work pla e of medic in - the operating room in term of n w appli ations or advance · in anesthciology. HOOL • 17 HO PIT L EW • 24 TUDE EW CHAPTER • A new haptcr in th hi ·rory of the Hi -rory of Medi inc ollection b gan with it, renaming a the Rob rt L. Brown Hi tory of Medi inc ollcction and the opening of it elegant ne\ quarter: in the refurbi hcd Health nee , Library. RE E R H • 21 Dr. M ·ra in nc,, op,:rating room at Buffalo General. ce Anc,thc,iology Update. • omething wore than diarrhea u ually trike · mo t traveler . They and their doctor · don't talk mu h about it. MEDICAL EW UPDATE • A - T • 27 L M I• 2 Dr. George Hatcm, Buffalo-born medical advi. or to the hincse, will keynote the annual pring linical Day, ay 10. PEOPLE • 31 LA OTE CALE DAR • 36 , �2 THE He' likel to be a young, white male who gets no exual gratificationfrom fire, tud finds A r on1 t, ,1rc rcrh,1r the mo,t mi,Ju lgcJ crimin,11, of our ,oc1et). "Before I ,t,mcJ thi, ,rudy my impre itm ot the ,ir 0111c w,1 ch,n of ,1 pyrnm,miac who got tHne e. u,11gr,1tific,1tion from,ettingfire ,"rel.He Dr. C.,eorgc Moln,1r, a llU,ltc profe or ,md \'ice chairm,111 of the Department of P,ychi­ arry. But upllll completion of rh1.· mu,r c11mprel1en,l\·c modern rwchiarnc rrntile of ,1Nmi,t w d,1t,:, he re,1li:e,I rl1.1r h1 inin,11 11nrrc-,sion \l ',I' nll more than .1lal,e rereon·r ·. Fl1r exampk-. rhc cPnclu 1011, of h1 ,tu Ir re\·eal thM tllll r ,1r mi,r, han: no r,1rt1cular fa,cinarion w1th fire, :mJ Jo llllt gee ,m1· ,:. u,d nmularion frpm rl11.·m. Dr. Molnar, who i, ,11,oclimcal J1rec.:tor l5 o of p,y hiatry at Ene ~ouncy Medical 'enrer, i well kmmn for hi rnm 1r1 ·ire,1 of re,earc.h mro p,ych11pharmacology an I mooJ d1 order . Ju t a, the condu ion, of thi tud\ rmmpreJ rhc re\·1,lllll of h1 own i lea of the ar onisr, he hope the re ult will en·e ro guide and educ. 1tc the poli c and the court, to the face char .ir 0111,r ·ire not 1hny, h.ir 1-cmc 1.nm111.1l,, 1 the) uc oircn Jep1ucJ anJ treated. Thi i parrl) related to the fa t that ,1Nll1 1 perhap, the e.1,1e,r crime to commit. "Other \'io­ lenr crime require ncrn: and pcrh.ip the u,e of ,1gun or ,1knife," e. phm Dr. ~fol­ nar, "hut all the ar PnM need, 1 ,1 march ,md ,1 piece of pap ·r. "Thi, tudy look- ,lt ,ir Pni r .i ,1 BUFFAID (PHv$1¢1AN 1 group," ,rare, Dr. Molnar. Though other im·e,tiganon ha\'c ,rudicJ ar m ,md the ar-,0111,t( the mo t not,1hlc h) Lewi ,md Yarnell puhli,hed in 1951), r. Molnar note that, "th1 i, th · hr t contemporary ,rudy which kxlk at all a peer of.ill types tif ,1N1111,t. " Unlike the 35-yc,ir-til I ,ru ly, which limircJ it ,,1mplc to ar­ ,0111t, with a h1,rory of mental health prnhlem,, 1olnar' ,cuJy c.1n·cr, the com­ plete population of arrc,tc I ar on1 t 111 ,1 mctropolit,m count , mduJmg tho,c w1th mi prior mental or rimmal h1 tory. Al o, r yd11 Hric d1agno i, ha hccnmc mud1 more refine I in the three JccaJc ,incc the la,t clas iL,ll ,rudy of chi n pc \\ ·,1 ,lttempted. [ r. Molnar heL,lme mterc tcd m under- �3 raking a study of arsont ts while attending patients tn the lockup unit of Erie ounty Medical enter. Tlus unit rreab tho c in need o( med1 al attention who have been arre ted nr convicted of arson and other cnme .. He encountered one patient \ ho had ct tire to h1 apartment, hut hdonged to a dbtinguishe J fomil) an I had no pre­ v1nu · histor 7 of mental problem or cnm­ mal record. Dr. lolnar d1agno ·eJ the pa­ tient as ~uffenng from manic Jepre sive disorder, which he treated with lithium. A a result, the patient responded well an I recovered. Yct the arson charge re­ mained pend mg over the paru::nr although thts individual wa , from a psy hiatric ,tandpomt, not re pom1hle for his actions at the t11ne. Because it took Dr. Molnar an cxtremcl) long and difficult time to get the patient cleared in the courts, he rcali::ed that others with imilar condi­ tion \\ ho arc convicte of arson might suffer rhe unfortunate plight of a prison term ever though they may not necess ,H­ ily he dc,erving of one. T he research for tht study, begun in early I9 I, tonk four years to a· imi­ latc. Dunng this period Dr. Molnar'. re­ ,earch collaborators were Lydia Keitner, executive d1recmr of Foren ic Mental Health ervtcc~, Robert Ford, commis­ ,ioner of Ene Count't Central Police er­ vice , and Thoma~ Harwood, Ph.D. They surveyed the records and files of 225 people \\ ho had been charged \\ i th com­ mimng the crime of arson O\Cr the previ­ nu four-year pennd. Where records didn' pmviJe suffi tent information, in !1v1Ju­ al were interviewed per onally. The data obtained from the rccl1rd and interview, were analy:cd for 7 variahle, per person. Dr. tolnar chose the variahlc to account for as many relevant factor, as pos,1hle, "The majorit of per on committing thi crime are not hardcorecriminals but rather individual who, driven by anger, exercise ver poor judgment . .. . Often the ar onist want to get even with a wife or lover who ha caused him pain .. IJ Arson i, ea } ro .:ommir. All the ar­ ,oni,t m·eJ, i, paper and a m.uch, ,a}, Dr. George 10/n,1r. BUFFALO ~ K1i ranging from w ·h ohv1ou, parnmetcr ,1 mental health history, 1.nminal hi tory, ·ex, race, and age, w lither \ariables ,u1.h a family and educattonal hackgrnund, the mental ,rate ar the time ,){' the offcn c, and whether the per ·on ,1cted alone or with partner. From the data it became apparent th,lt the most commlln mnti\e h1r ar,on 1, rl'­ venge. Ver, often the arsont ·t wished to get even with a wife or Inver because of an incident or ,enc. ol mctdenr, which cau,ed him ,e\'ere emotinn,1! pam. Or. 1oln,1rcited one example of a man who,e wife C\ i red him and hmught a lo\·er in to live with her. The man, who haJ re­ cently lo,r hi, ioh of man, year,, wanted to pre\'ent her an l her lon;r from acquir­ ing the hnu e that he had worked tor all his life, ,o he attempted to ,ct fire ro it with gasolme. In the cnur,e of thi, at­ tempt, the hushand and his wife were humed and the house caught fire. " ascs of thi, ryp • indicate that the maiont~ of per on. ommitting th" crnne are not hardcore <.rnnmal type hur rather 111d1v1dual,who, driven h, .inger, exerised ver, puor judgment," empha,i: •s Dr. Molnar. Howe\ er, the stud) also revealed two ,mailer classes of offender~: a younger group, adolcscenr, and teen,, who com­ mie nr-,on for excitement, and an old r group \\ho commit ar. on ~olel) for profit, u uall) 1murance fraud. Members of ch'. e two grnur~ ~howed a tron!! tendency ro act with partner wherea the revenge ar­ ·0111 r mo, rly act alone. "The pre,ence or absence of an accomplice appears to he �-f ,1 p,nn:rtul 111J1c.m1r,1, tll thl' m11ri,·I.' 111 rh1' i:nml.'," ,1,,en Dr. :-.loln,1r. Th1N.' oft •n 11.'r,\\'h11 form ,1 i:nmin,11 p.Htnl.'r h1r .mJ c11mm1t ,\Nll1 f11r rrntir 1M1,1lh1.,H"-I.'thl.' gn:arc r ,11nount of J.1m­ ,1gl.', in t1.·rm, of Joll.ir ,·.1lul.', hur qum.' ir11n1cillv rhl'\ 11,11,ecm r11rl.'1.l.'I\I.'lcssl.'r d1argl.' . Th1, 1, hecathl.' rhc ,Kt nf l.',po,­ mg p •oplc ro p11, 1hle 111iury or death Jr.,,,, m11re,ennti-, harge of ,ir on 111thl.' hr r nr ,1.'n>nd legree en'n 11n11C,hualtie, actualh ll ·,ur. In cuntr ,i-t, rrorertr J,1111.ige ,1l11nc hring le" , ·nou, d1.irge, of third ur tm1rth J •gre · ,\N .ll1. Prntn-muri­ ' atl.'J ar 11111,tfoll into rhe latter 1.,1teg11r) l.'vcn though their ace 1, ,,h, a\, r1l.'-meJ1t,tteJ ,mJ often 111n1ln: high rrnpl.'rt\ lamage. The) tr\ ro ,wo1J human ca,u.1l­ t1e, h) ,h.tmg ,lt night 11rar prl.'-pl,mnl.' I rime, ,,hen It 1, known rhac ,1 hutlding 1' unocu1p1c I. r oni t, mot I\ aced h) ,mgl.'r 11r re­ \'l.'nge, ,1ht1ur 5 per ci:nr ot the ror,11. c.1u, • pmp rty Jamagc, gl.'ner,111. hdu,, 5 0. They 11"ren lac• hrsr or ecnnd Jl.'­ gree ch,irge,, hn\\'I.'\ l.'r. hec\ll,e other, ,1ri: 111the area at rhe nme chi: 1ltfon,e i om­ mmeJ. Thu , scare [ r. Molnar, "in the Je(1111t11mnf the often e rhcn.' 1, ,m un­ u,ual empha,1, on che rx1,,ihil1cy 11f risk w porennal v1Ct1ms rather than on the monvc for nr thi: 1 rual m1tc.1in1eof the u1 me 111rcrm, of per,on,1I 111Jur\ 11r pnipcrty lo . Thi ddininon appear, tn 111 lucl.' ,omc d,,rorrion 111 the iud1 1al pro­ cess mg of chi: ,1r,nn1 t," he m)[e . I n the profil..: 1f th• typical ,1Nm1,t, ,e\'er ,11 1.h,1r,1ren,n ·, emerge ,,h1ch ,me wnulJ nor commonly a, iciate w1rl1 thh da ofoffenJer-,. The r pica! ,ir nni r "i, ,\ 27-ye,u-llld, \\h1tl', mgle, un­ employed male with a grade chool eJ11c,1t11111.Unlike most vinlcnt nmc , ar,lln 1 mmt oft '11 comm1ttcd h ,, hire, rather rhan hy minont1e,," e plain, Dr. Moln,u. The typical profile abo reveal, "con 1J­ er,1ble fomd di rupt1on 111d11J1ngthe ah­ ,cnce of the lather." The aNm1,t u lnll\ burns "h1, own or another familiar placl.' during rhe ,ummer mtmth 111 the e.irlicr hour of the mormng while under the 111tluence of !rug, anJior alcoh 1I. I fl' ha, a prior arrc t hiswry bur Ji I not go to J,HI for chos • h,irgc,. H i likely ro have a rri ir mental hi:,.lth reC11rdhut al,o ha, d \·cry low pn1hahi11t\ of hemg luunJ inG)m­ perent en ,tand mal m to he determined n1lt criminally re ron 1bll.'. He u,c, ,1 im­ plc, lxirJering up11n crude, modu operan Ji, ,mJ ,1, fire, g11, pniJu I.' lti\\· monet.11)· I.image. 1'.!t1r1:rhan lik..:h, he ,1 t out 11f,l mnti\'c of rc, ·enge, ,mgi:r, 11r lither tnrm of em11t1tH1 ,d e,rrcss1l,n, bur without ,111 overt ,e,u.tl content ." Fmalh, Dr. Molnar ,Jd,, "9L per ent nt ,111ar 0111st,arc rw,..:r caught, ,\Ccor !mg w ,tr'llll mve,cigaror,." Thi, i... hecau,e ut thl' u,ual l.1ck of ev1Jcn c ,H rhe , ·en..:. :-.hi...t ,ir,0111,r ha"c hi wrie, ut only and few .ic­ mmor cnmc, 11rn,mc at ru.ilh ,peci.1lize 111the 11tfen e of ,1r,on. A ,1gn1f1·,mt pmporm1n, h11we,·er, are re­ \'(1lnnt? drnir 1>tfenJer, 111n1h-ed in rhe mi.>nr.11 hi.>,1lrh y,t..:m, ,mJ, ,lt other nmc . the cnm111,1IJll'-ti e \'stem. .,II. ' tati,ti cal Profile of the rsoni,r • 7 i • t LT•lg( ,i"t' 1 :. 7. - j,,r 111~11 and ~; fin- u nnen • 96 1\1 Du nor hat I! a ""lle(!t'educ·1C11111 1 11 • • Art not 11u1rrlt'd 7' ,, M,,t~ mc n/>lo .d • ,1 fm ,r mc111t1/h<• ilth fmh­ • lem /11tor::, • 6 ,, o \'i'hue e til''u / l,11C llll rc,ord CIT(I mmor fnwr Ll'lllllll B ,r uffalo ha h.iJ It, fair ,hare of rrohlcm ,,nh rhc cnml' 11'ar,11n. In the I.ire ,e,·cnri ·,,,hen rheri: wi:re a laq.(l' numher tif t.·mpt\ 111Jum,1I properc1e, ,md ahanJon..:d huil 1mg, 111Ruffalo, p,1rt1cu­ l.irl} 111th..: d1mntln,n ,ecmin, the gm\\'111g int.1den e 111ar 1111 t11gether "1th the Jcprc,,ed econ11111\po,e,I a ,e\·erc thre,1t to 111.1mfurmerlv rhri, ·111gnc1ghhorhoo k The rate of ,,r,on re,tched ,uch ep1dem11. proportion, in Buffalti, , 'e,, Y11rk, PhilaJclphi,1, ,mJ other citie th ,H 111197 111gre" cn,Ktl'd leg1,l.1t1on which re­ qu1r •J n,monal rt.>pnrring of ar,lm h) the F. 8.1. AN>n \\a at 1c, peak 111I 97 when ,o ine onom1c ond1t1on, 111 many c1t1cs fo rcrcd inc1Jenr- of insur.1nce frau I and BUFFALO (PHV$ 1 C t AN I ,·,md.ili m which commonh u,ed ar,11n ,1 .i tool. ~ 111e 19 I the frcqu ·nq h,1 Jc­ d 111eI. Bcn,een I 9 ' 2 and I 9 4, fnr 111t.inc •, 111 1dent, of ar on in Enl' 'iiunt\ decrea,cJ Imm ' 74 co 662, a 14 per cent reduc.non. However, t1xla) it ,rill rem,1111 ,lt ,l le\'cl re,r<111,1hlefor rhl' en,..:lc, Im, , 11pl'rh ,1p, hundred, nr thl1u,and nf ll\ ·e, ,111I hun lreJ, 11fm1ll1on of dollar, l'Wr\ ve,u ,Kro, the n ,,rion. Mtilnar, a nari\ ·c o Lit, 1.1,earned hi, undcrgraJu,nc degree frl1m 'amhriJgc l 'n1, ·r...ity ,mJ hi, me lical degree ( 1957) from the n1vcr,ir, · uf Florence, Irah ·. He cnmplctcd h1, re . iJcn y at , 1cMa,ter n1,·er It), Ontarin, and cr\'Cd on the faculty there for eight vcar heforc om111g co ' Bin 19 He 1, 1 fellow of the merican P, ·ch1.irnc A, oc1at1on, a. well a, r,1't treasurer e,tern . ew York ,mJ ,ecrer,1n of it, Di met Bran h. He ha, ,erved a, an exam mer for the Am ncan B..1ardtif P y­ chiarrv and eurology anJ i a on ulranr for rhe Fmcn,ic Mental H 'alth crvicc of Enc Cnunr,. Or. 1t1ln.1r i, abo a ting commander uf the 365th Evacuation Hov ptt ,11, l'. ' , Air for , , ' iag.ira Fall . H.... pnmar, re ear h fo u, nn r ychoph.1rma olng · and ml1t1dJ ....nrd ·r 1, upporceJ by a meJ1cal ,1.:hrn)l-adrn1111, ­ ri:rcd grnnt from the . . Puhli Health 'ernce and NIH. H1:" ·urrcncly ,eeking to opnmi:e l1th1um maintcnan c tll prc­ venr m1K>l di order,. A .1 rc,ult nf hi . re c·u h, hi: 1 a re ogn1:ed expert on the rel.mun h ewe n lim al ..:ffc t and hlooJ II.',cl, tif mt1d1:pre,,anr mcdi arion,. Thi: rmtile ·rn..:rg111gfmm chi, ,tud) d1tfer, grearl, from chi: plipular imag • of the P) r11ma111a anJ 111,teaJ pre enc the l.ugc,r group tif ar,oni t ,h ,I group of ,oually 111adcqu.ite 111J1,1dual, wht1 e ,\C• rinn, ,uc often given 1mpetu~ hy their menral pmhlcm . " ll t 11fthl.' ,H oni es \\ hum I l.'ncnuntered were nut orherw1,e threatening hut more often unhappy anJ lerrl.'-...ed ind1, 1Jual...." ,,1y, Dr. , loln ,tr. It 1, h I horc th ,H the con du 10n, 11fthe ,tudv \\'Ill he u,1:hil to tho e pcr,nn who 1m·I.' tlg,ue .,r,t>n and \\'ill l--etrcr cn ,1hle rhcm to un lcr,tand rhe u1m111.il and, rhu , the crime. • (Mr Taylor Is o sophomore pre -med. chem istry mo 1or cl UB Lost w inter. he was honored by be ing the first recipe nt of he Mort in Luther King Award and Scholar S 1p) �5 ANESTHESIOLOGY UPDA Four hospital report new application & advan e IW RRL ('ES . KER 11 ' ER A .., ·o ,et\ h,mge, and a the iidd of med1Lal knll\\ l­ edge expan i,, the de­ n:lopment, that re ult are ultimately reflected in the work place of medicine - the op 'rat­ ing room. Whether 1t has to do\\ 1th the grow­ ing geriatric popula­ tion, the increa e 111 heart tran,plant,, or che dc,·clnpmcnt of ne,\ drugs, it ,..,often -...ioner or later reflected a a new application or advance tn ane,che,1olog,. The B l epartmcnr tif Ane,the. 1olog re­ pllrr, numerou. new de­ velopment, rhar arc occurring throughout it four rca h,ng hll,pi­ rnk Dr. John Lauria i, chairman of the Medial hool\ Anc thcs1ologv [ ·partment, ba,eJ at Ene ount\ Med, al enter anJ '---------------------------------....1 compmmg 35 full- and in~ room ,ll Buffa/() ,l'n ·r I. D Afan· \'igucra in ncn or part-time fa ulr\ prac­ u,111g newer ultra-,hort-a ttng narcon tl ing throughm,t the mulci-ho,pital agent ,uch a, Fent,ln\ I and ufentanyl ,y,tem. that ha\'C remarkable cardiova cular ra­ Dr. Launa potnt . to an intere,ring ,me hility." The,c two haracteristics enable the iology focus in ,en~ral areas at Erie these agent, w be applie i to trauma pa· iunty Medical enter. "We are now BUFFAlD I y rienr. , who need rhe :cabil,t , .mJ to out-pa­ r,cnt . . who nee I the fonrure ch.tr ,11low. rapi I ,l\\akenmg. Ir- u,e for outpatient ,..,1b newe t applu.:arion. Launa al o norc, thar medical ,tu.Jent, are I emg t,1ught tech­ nique ot resw, ·1tat1on an I circulat1on while urgery ,rnd anesrhc,101og) re,,dent are I emg rratned 111 •a h other' peL1,1lt1e,. 'ew equipment ar E M( enable, ,mcv rh ' 1lllog1,t, m lll more ,n, a,I\ e monitliring of pan ·nt, tor .irdi,11.out­ put, 1-,lolld ga,e . , and other tuncoon, . Tiu 1 c,rc ·ially impnrtanr t~ir rhn e with trauma or mul­ t1pk ,v . cem di. ea,e nr ~ for unu,ual patient pllp~ ul,ttion ,uch a, men~ rally rctar le,I pelipl '. § l r. 1ichael Adragn,1, ~ a . istant professor of ane the ,nlogy ba,ed ar E M , " tn\'oh-cd in as matmg work with a 111\,tenou. and dramatic di. ea,· ailed "the ane,the 10!0gi t. ' nightmare." 1alignanr h ·r·rthenrna (MH) ,., b •lieved to 1-,ethe leading cause of anc,the,1a-related death . A g ·nen- �6 call -trnmmineJ Jismder, it. n11',lcaling name has nothing to do \ ith an er hut m!;'an. "high temperature going from baJ to wor e." Adragna feel. ;1 more accurate name would be fulmmant hyper­ mctaholism . Discovered in 196 , thi di e·1 e an affect one in 2 50 patient but one of it~ m steries is that only a sm II percent of these pc ti nt, a tually ha e a re;icrion. Dr. Adragn a has also confirmed that M H- ·u~ cptible pMients can un­ dergo multiple urgeries without any sign nfan MH recction, and then inexplicahl\ develop an MH reaction during a ·uhcquent urgery . The rea on 11 is ·o alarming i · that, if it is not detected in advan c, agents givl.'n to induce ancsthe,1a can trigger a pecrrum of phy iologi al malfunctiom leading m a sudden rbe in body tempera­ ture to 11 °F. or more, with a 40 to per cent mortality rate. Hospitals well pre­ pared for the di orJ r, however, re orJ as low a. a 7 per cent mortality rate. D iagnt)',i · u. ing a mu cle hiup test re cntly becam availah l for adult at Erie ount Medi al enter, and for p diatri patient. at hildrcn' Hospital (according to Dr. Leo Kane, profe · or of nesthcsi llog ). "The true tragedy about MH," Dr. Ad­ ragna remark , "i that MH I now pre­ ventable. We can diagno ·c it with labora­ tory te t . Once diagno ed, , c can pre­ vent the trim~ering of H under ane the ia by using certain agen t~ together with dantrolcne (the antidote which re­ ver. s the MH yndrome). "Ever ·ince we've been able to diagno e MH through lab t t , ample~ have had to be ent to Mas achu ·ett General Hos­ pital. ow, we ha c obtaine<l funding J we an purcha ·' the equipment t do our own te ting, making UB th eighth mer in the nation" o equipped. Whereas Ma -. sachu ·ett _ Gen ral perform the le reli­ able alcium uptake te t, the new UB fa ility, t J be located at Eri unty Labrator , will condu t the tate-of-the-art caffeinc-haeloth n contracture test. The biop . y enter will begin operation by um­ mer I 9 6. Working with Dr. Adragna to . tabli h the r. Leila Edwards, linical hemi try and Toxicology Divi ·ion. h i al o a 05/ 6 'Patient-controlled analge ia is a ignificantnew program at Buffalo General Hospital, one of the few of its kind in an up tate hospital." B clinical a i cant pro~ )f of pathol­ ogy, biochemistry, medicine, , nJ m di al technology. The contra ture te t requires ·urg1cal removal of a 2-inch piece of thigh mu I extra ted for re ·t purpo c during urgery for another procedure. Ane ·rheri , om­ patible v ith MH would have to be u ed for uch operations. sing a pecially deigned in trument, the mu le i bathed in a ph iology olution ro which is added caffeine and or haloth , ne, which auses certain characceri tic reactitm, if MH­ positive. Dr. Adragna al o t ted · not her method laimed by a lora<lc study to be a non-inva ivc Jiaglll si. for MH. In rheLeptemb1.r 19 5 is ueofAnesthe iology he confirmc :l that rhi blood t sc did nfll we rk, agr eing with a previnu Florida tuJy. He is also inve . tigating the social and emotional impli ation of MH. He has found that physician respond differ ntly co patient _ with MH by occasional! mi. informing them ("You can never have ·urgery"), denying that th y have the on­ dition r even avoiding them a patient . A. a result, the e patient, fr quenrly feel i olated from the health care deliver y t m. He ducare · hi MH patients about how to rectify uch ituations in advance. The new full approval of UB' re. iden y program in ane the iology i another new worthy item. Dr. Richard Ament, educational coordinator of th program and clinical profe or of ane the iology based at Buffa( eneral, reports that in ovember 19 5 the Re iden y Review mmittee in Ane th iol gy granted appr val to the UB r ·idency progrnm. BUFFALO s ( p " V I C I " ' nly our year old, it began in 19 1 under provi~ional taru \ hen the three inde­ pendent h) pital program · were amalga­ mated inm on Univer•ity-wide pr gram -including ch addition of A Ho ·piral in the program. Appro imately linical re·ident~ parti ipatc in the program, che majority at Buffalo eneral and Erie ouncy M d1cal Center. Dr. Lami a is Ji­ rector of the residenc program. Beginning in July 19 6, all ane th . iol­ ogy re id nt · will be required to have a third clini al year of training. In the UB re idency, m n option are available inluding ub p cialty training in carJiova cu lar ane the ia, p in management critical care at the Bu falo en rat Ho pi­ ral, and pediatric an the i and ob·tetrial ane the ia at hildren' Ho pita!. Ad­ vanced ane the iology training is being uffered a a third-y ar option at rhe VA Ho pita!. P aci nt· nrrolled analg ia i a ignifi anr new program at Buffalo Gen r I, making it one of the ew h > pi­ rat in up rate ew York to h, ve chi val­ uable . er ice, a cording to Dr. Mar Viguera, the ho pita!' Ane the iology Departm •nt h ad and a UB clinical a ~nciar profe or. "Ju t by pre ing a but ­ ton, ertam ratients can lf-admini t r analgesia as they need it." The computert ncrolled Harvard infu ion pump ad, mini ter . pr per dosage of analge ic through the IV .olution and is now avail­ able to Jme po c- urgi al, orrhc paedic, and ho pice patient . "Ir i. valuabl b · cau ·c pain relief need are n t pr dicrable for each patient. Thi liminatcs delay~ and wide swing in pain r Ii f that J cur , ith th le efficient randard method," Dr. iguera comment . Buffalo n ral' oth r new program in olving ane the iolog i it Pain Man ­ agement mer which be am fully oper­ ational la -r . ummer. Initiate I by r. Vig­ u ra an<l Dr. arl Granger, profe or of r habilitation medi ine it is directed by . Vigu ra. The multi di ciplinary center tr ats patient with a ute and chroni pain, both benign and malignant. le con­ form · co nation-v ide trend in which ane th iologi t are pla ing a major r le in treating chronic pain n e tablishing and directing pain lini �7 Th c nt r tr at 15 patient a week with a wide r nge of technique . Ane the iology-relared cherapie in lude edarive and narcotic programmed withdrawal for benign p in; t mporary and permanent nerve blo k ; ·pecialized teroid and/or narcotic inj ction , an I epidural narcotic . rher t chnique in­ clude phy i al therapy, hypnotherapy, biofeedback, and sleep pattern optimi:a­ tion. Three other anesthe iologi t ·raff the center: Dr . Merle T andoc, Erne to Yu, and Thaddeu~ Ruckow ki, all UB Anes­ the iology faculty. Dr. Lydia Wingate overs e · r habilirarion pro dur , while r. . orina Rydel k, and Jame chiffner serve a psychologist . Ane the iology at Buffalo General i expanding physically a~ well a program­ matically. !t has ju t moved into new quarters in th Twin Tower , with new . R.' that are mu h larg r, better lit, and more conveniently, efficiently, and ·afely laid out. The mod m de ·ign in­ clude a central terile core eparate I from urrounding ancillary facilities including a pre-ane the ·ia area and recovery mom. At Veteran . Admini Cration Medical nter, knowledge in ane ·rhe iology i being given new application among the increa ing number of geriatric pattcnt in the veteran population, and among heart tran ·plant patient , according co Dr. Daniel Whelan, a si cant prnfe ·or nf ane the iology. "Anesthe iologiM mu ta count for the very we k heart of heart tran plant paienc , " Dr. Whelan explains. " o we use different agent , u has kecamine in read of ·odium pentothal. We mu c al· J ac­ count for their extreme anxi cy at che mo­ ment of anesth ia. ince we can not give chem the normal pre-op medication, w mu c deal with anxiety thro 1gh per onal interaction, through bed ide manner, to calm them down." imilarly, the geriatric patient who are increa ingly common at VA Ho pita! and other · in the y tern pr enc pecial rob­ lem to the an th iologist becau e of their en itivit to all drug , and th ir more di ea ed condition , e pecially in term of the lung . The effective approach for uch patients i more intensive monitoring and tight r drug do ing. • Dcmon,rration T ar Anl'~thl' ia T,·aching D,n . ANESTHESIA TEACHING DAY he 19 6 RicharJ . Terry Ane the ia Teaching Day held Fehruary at the Buffalo en ra! Ho pita! chool of 1ursing over·d a range of rate-of-the-an dev loprn nr. in the field. Dr. Marc Vigu ra, clinical pm­ es or and heaJ of Buffalo eneral' Ane . the iolog Department, introdu ed rhe sc ·ion and poke about rhe fir r year of the ho pita!' pain management center. Buffalo eneral's patient-controlled analge ia rrogram wa profiled, and an update on the role of methad me in the treatm nr of post-op pain wa pre ented by Dr . Michael Madden and tephen Dungar. Presenting th larence Dur hordwe L crur were Erne t Yu and Katharine Doy! . The ane ·rhe iologist' role in creating herpe zo t r wa al o dL­ cu ed. The next important vent in ,mes­ che iology cake place on Ma 2 and 3, 19 6, with a meeting of We tern w York and anadian ane the iologi t . ponsored by UB' and Mc a ter Univer- BUFFALO P1-1v$ 1¢ 1 A I ity's ane the . iolog departm1.:nt,, the an-Am nnfcrence will provide urJaces on new mus le relaxants and nar oti . ; tate-of-the-art monitoring; infant resu ·­ citation, and anesthc . iology' relation to the immune tern. lntcresce rhrsic1an hould all Dr. D.H. Morri on at (416) 521-21 • 05/ 6 �.....__LING TIGHT BY RICH RD \. LEE, ~LO. /', 1(,w11 ,[ \ kd1,111c T hl' num mu, jokes, thl' rrofus1o n lll rm:J1cal and meJ1,1 prcc.aumm,, and rhc enormou ,1les ot , nt1pasmuJ1c , .111n1'im1c, Pepto 81,m11l. .mJ \\ .uer ruriltcr, 1n i1c.,He the gra\ It) wrth whi ·h Amcncan traveler, regar i Jrarrhea. That there 1, truth in this .mx 1et) 1,0 c.,i..1nn,,lly lramancall · 1llu,rr.ircJ h\ nl on1c. c.·xpln,1\ ·ene m the Loune, on a crowdl' I hus tour lll the tl'mrll', of Rangkok, at the umm1t of thl' Tl'mrll' of the un at Teotthuacan, or Jurin • an dl'­ gant geisha dinner in Tnkyo . But on the wholl', thl' d1arrhl' ·~ dikmma sel'ms over­ lnne . It I true char diarrheal Jisea • i , along with mea le,, mabna , anJ malnutrinnn. ,l maJor ·ause of infant and chil lhl ,J morl:11J1ty, nd mnrtaltty throughout mo,r of th, c;1rth' land ma,,. It i. true that o asional trav I r acquire • almone lla , h1gelta, ampy lol:-acrer, and ,iardia: in ­ fc nnns chat pr x..lu e tllne,, more ,e,·erL' than ch • tr,ms1cnt cramp, and quirts cmrseJ I:,· enterotoxm -pnx..lucmg gur flora - the tra\'eler' omplamt we hear ,il->our rhe mnst. It rs true rhar chulern remains a ,eriou enJ mi and errJcm1c threat m rare, of ch ear, 11Idle, an i Far Ea t. Bur diarrheal dis •as' Jc •rve discrimm ·mng deportment, not hy~tcrrcal hyperl·iole. It was in amr at ouch Horr, a remark­ ahlc green valle · m the mid r of the desert 1orthern Frontier L ism c, a of Ken •a' pla e that oul l have m p1rcJ Tolkien' Rrvenddl, th t the notion of "trave ling tight" came to life. Here m a tran4u1l. fem le valle\ into which we de,cended from the dry, nJ dusty scrub de,crt, one of the amdy began a traveler's trot. I cxpre-..s d urpme rhat th re t of the rarcy viewed 05 6 rh..: raricnt with gre.1t envy, bur omeom' ol--ern ~J rhar when traveling, e. rectally campmg 111 chc bush, a linle loosen ' " \\a a desirable thing. To which th • "lucky one" ,,J kd rh ,1t life \\'a, lighter for tho, ' who travel loose an 1 he,I\ 1cr for tho . e who rra\'d tight. The icsr ,ruck in m\ mind like the melody you cannot cop wh1 tlmg. I mu,t ,1Jmn that there have hel'n mn..:, during my work m the back country ol outh America, Africa, and sia char I would have welcrnned, while squamng and ,tra111ing bch111d ,1 bush, uvcr a p1r, or on a slipper Asian-sry le 'i(juat miler, a rush of loosene,s! Th fa t of the matrer 1, rhar traveling ttght onsttratton - is probahl · more ommon, much more annoymg, aml va-..rl· more p ' N'-tent than traveler\ diarrhea. Ameri an traveler, and their Jo ror, just don't talk about it very much. ! remain ama:ed by the controst rm ­ du ed by th' mertcan con ·crn w1rh bowel r gularrry at homt:, demonstrated h the innumerable a lverti, mcnr~ for laxatives an I ,oft tni let p,,rer, ,md rhe meri an concern to pr vent i1arrhea .1wa • from home. L nfortunaccly, phy.,.. cians hare part of the blame for a laml'nt· able but unrecogrn:eJ epidem ic o nnsti ­ parion among Am 'rt an travelers, 1 · abetting the :uppres,ion of rhe I a, t hint of colonic peristal 1. with Lomotil m Im­ od1um. d<lfrequent hange . of plumbing and e, retor attirud , w the h mical par . I •sis of normal colore cal motility and 'l)U h, ve an emononall unprepared travel r caught in the grip, o deva . tattng and at time dialx)li al gur immobility. Im, gin , the disma of the well-indo tn· nate<l hygienic Ameri an, avoid ing all BUFFALO H Y A - frc h fruits and vegecahle ., di da111ing water, anJ miffing l ur normal gasrmcolic rctk , e. hy will r )\\'Cr, husyn' , and inig . , \\ rth no lxn\'el movement after e1ghr or I Ja ·s awa; from the afecy nf ,1 rrivarc, shin , pm ·lain toiler. 1uch of th1,;, Ii may come from ,l Jc ltcatcl camouflaged ob,e,s1on with tmlct .. merican onccrn about toilets - not bathrooms I ut toill'rs - is .t pcn •l'r,inn not foun I tn mo-..c of the world, where excretion i. a nccc . siry and carried out, on demand, in pla ..:, ocher th irn rhe barh ing and lean . ing area! Many culture have glorified the bath Roman, Englt h, Japanese. Few, ex ept in mrh merica, ha\'e onverred the hathroom from a pla e of pul:-,li and pri­ vate clean ing to a place, primarily, of e rering. In fo t, in many parts of rhe world, the cxcrctorium i, separate from the harhing room. o d 1ubt a lot of colonic compul,1ve­ ne . dem •e. from the English phy 1 1an nf the lace 19th ' ntury, ir lifford A lhutt, who popu lari2cJ the thcor of auwintox1cati(m, the notion that tllnc~s ould h· produce I l y retention of feces an I the absnrpttnn of to . ins. f cour ·e, chis\\ as be­ fore 1:-iologir appre iatc l he enormou, resilien and coughn . of th mu o ·a nf the ga:tromtestinal tra t. De ·pite the fol­ la ) of aucoincoxi ation, orth Amer­ , ans continue to op rat with the notion that daily bow I movements at home are hygieni , wherea bowel movement ahroad, e pe iall loo c one , are un­ healthy an I unnatural. T he curiou · thing ,, th, t paraly:ed inte tines are a greater risk of conContinued on Page 35 ��THEHISTORY OF MEDICINE N ew chapter opens as rare collection move to new quarter, takes new name JW RR CE ~·- KERSH 11:R A new hapter in the h1,tor · of the H1,tor) of Medicine olle tion h 'gan with its ren ammg as the Roh rt L. Brown H1,tor of Med1c111e ol­ le non and the open mg of 1rselegant new quarrers in the refurh1shed Health 1cnce~ Libr,H) 111 0 tober, 19 5. on - tributing to the new hapt r ar a number of generous new donation~ which have expanded the s ope and value of the ol­ lecnon. The Hi tory of edi ine ollc tion i a little known but highly fa cinating unit of the University's Health ien e Li­ bra1y. ne of only three formal History of Medicine collection among medical ,chools m cw York rate, 1t contain, in 1t. rare hoob coll' non more than 12, olumes extending ba k 425 years . There are al o di tin t ollection of medical in­ trument . and memorabilia. The entire collection i maintained by Lilli entz, its librarian. The ollection I housed in exquisite urrounding that re reate a historical feeling to match the onrcnrs of the mom . The ·pacious r, re book mom are lined with richly hued wooden ,helves from the original Ll kwood Library of 5 year ago. ulprures, curious mcdi al intruments, plaque , old photograph and even the death mask of Ro well Park line th wall , while large, leather bound volumes of an ol:w1ouslyearlier age fill the ·helve . The ollecrion I ol:wiou ly l f great monetar as well as hi:torica l, value. B c, use of thL, two . pecial mea .·ure. have been taken. During its move last fall from Kimball Tow­ er to the forme r Lockwood Librar , the colle tion was �II in ured for I mill1on. nee then w col­ lection wa · helved, a tate-of-the art fire extingui hing · tern wa in ·tailed to minimize damage from the greate r threat co hi ·rori al work.. The Halon Fire Ex­ tingui hing y tern, when triggered by moke or flame, relea e a ga into the room that remove ox gen from the cir, excingui hing the fire without damag­ ing the hook . The ga i . cored in a large to re harg . tank chat co . t 35 T h bulk of the collection i compo ed of the rare hook , mo rly 19th cen­ tury monographs with particular trength in ob-gyn, urgery, denti tr , p ychiatry, and pharma olog . Appro imarcly 50 book publi he<l prior to the 19th c ntury by Galen, Ve .aliu , inclu1e Wl rk Thoma ydenham, John Hunter an<l Thoma Willi . A librarian Litli entz de crib it, "other ignificant work in rhe Hi rory of Medicine oil tion bear mentioning. William Harve ' · nawmi al Exer ,wcicm-, oncerning che Generation of Liv­ ing reatures ( 165 3) i the mo t impor­ tant book on that uhject in the 17th entury. The illu rrarion in William Cowper' ada , Myowmia Refomww : or an Arn.uomica1 Treaii e on che Mu cle~ of the Human Body ( 1724), are base.! on drawing . hy Rubem and Raphael, and thi · aclas is one of the mot beautiful publi -hed in rhe I th century. William Beaumont' · Experiments and Ob erva­ tions on rhe Gusmc ]wee, and the Ph) t­ ology of Digestion ( I 33) record - th , proce of dige tion in vivo, and Thomas Addi on' On the Constitutional c.mdL>eal Effectsof Diseaseof the uprarenalCa/>sule ( I 55) i _ a r, re work on the disea e · of the adrenal glands." The olde t volum i the Froben ediuon of Galen's Omnia, Qune, Exumr, in Lmmum ennonem onver a ( 1561 ). ne of r. Roswell Park' donations i the 156 edition of Ve ·aliu . ' De Humani Cor­ pori Fabrica Libn eprem. Dr. Park wa. B's renowned profe :or of surg r) for 31 year and fir t director of the in ·ritute for the stud , of malignant di ea e which ur­ rently hear · hi · name . R fleeting the br adrh of Ro well Park' intere rs are the Engli h translation of the Charaka-Sanhiw, the ancient sy. rem of Hindu medi ine, Yarrow' - Introduction w the tud of Mortw.1ry Citswms Among onh merican Indian , and num mu ti­ tle on super ·rnion and thanarology (the study of the phenomena and psycholog · of death). Do umenting the hbtory of West­ ew York meJ1 me and all rabilia olle non. It contain . )earhoob, bulle ­ tin . , alumni catalog,, and facult pub!t a­ tions. f particular ·1g111ficane 1sits hold ­ ·alJm1rru.11 foun :led ings of rhe Buffaloi\lec.11 in I 45 b) Austm Flint, ~r. The Memorabilia Colle tton, mm 111 the Untverstt')rch,ve . , al,o on ta ins Dr. Roswell Park\ donation of "nineteen raploob of new paper ltrpmg an :I print d ,rem su h a~ announ emcnts, program . dinner menu . , and ocher memor !:,,!ta, m luding one book dealing with the a ·. a ·ination of Pr 1d'nt McKinley," librarian ent: ~rate . "The ·crapbook - are invaluahle document. of social and cultural hbtnr) ... but also cast g!tmr,e , often humorous, into the li\'e · of many in th ommunity . For ex mplc, one clipping reveal, that h rle: ar , a promm 'nt meml:, r of the med, al pmfe -sion (and the perslm for whom the 1ed1cal hool' ary Hall i: named) wa am:sted for dnvmg at rhe reckle srceJ of I Z mile . per hour m rhe early part of the centul")-." However voluminou, Ro. well Park\ craphoob collectiom are, me glanng omi ion ha - left u with a major my ·­ tery. "While he Jo uments many facets of his lifo," exp! in Lilli enc:, "it is curi ­ ous wh · no corre pondence h · s ever sur­ ,.1\·ed. Th,, is <le-p1ce the fact that qm)ta­ non .: from hb letter . do aprear in man) place ·. " harle . rockron, in hi · 1914 memmr of Ro ·well Park, states in fa t that "the hara tenscics of Dr. Park a a letter writer are well t!lu,trat d." To th, day, histori al expert ,till have no lues vanas to why all of hi. corre,ponden 1 h d. A v I")-' incere ting u m o the arh ive 1s the Provenance File, whi h re­ cord · all of the olle non 's donat,om, previous owner' lxiok plates, own r's sig­ natures, and insti­ tutional and per­ s nal 1,- Pl-OTO fRANOS SPECKER �12 Librarian L,/11 t:nr= ro lt'\I book from tht· H1,tor1 of 1<.'d, r im· Co/It< t11m. "' ~ u &: l!2 ____ ~ ;;.,...__.,~ hrary r,1mr . Pr,l\'enance is rhe re 111 . :n:e o( a tillllk' rrenuu ll\\11l.'rh1r. lrhough originalh intended to rec11rl!11,c.11 lbn,1tllll),, thl.' iile ha, 11\l\\ riecome ,, \'.1lu.1rile 'l'Un.:e of ll, .11mell1c,1I h1 ton, lihnn:111 ,'t·nt: noted 111,m unrurili,hed 19 5 m,m• u,cnrt ahnut the file. A hl"t 111curn1u,-lunk111f.,!in,trun11:nt, \In ·e u,ed lnr a \ arier)· l,f l.'qualh unnu (,md ....,merune lancl.'rou ) rm e­ ~ 1eddurc, 1 inclullcd in rhe ta,c111.1t1111,! 1c,1I In rrument Collect1nn (,ee ,tCcum­ ranying .,mclc ). The collect1on\ earl1e,r ,1Cyui,1t1un, were nhrn1n ,J hefore the collecrnm 1N:I( came lJHO being a a torm,11 unit lll the l1hrary. An unknown numht'rllt then-new volume. ac4uired for the 1ed1c,1I chllol' lihnH) 111the I \ ha\'' rroh,,hly urv1ve i to riecome now-h1,toncal \'lllume 111cmrmated into the collccnon. , in l' the original record, have not survt\·ed, the number w1ll ne\·cr he known. In an) ., c, the n1veNt) at Buffalo Medi al Libraf) hegan in I 4 7 \\ 1th 519 Vl>lume,ohra111cd at a cmr of 29. 96. The lihrcll'\, In aced ,lt Wa,hington and •ne a trcct, (next to where the M,,rine 11dl.md enter now ,can&,), wa are i hr for '\ 111 B. Fox, 151.6 rhe fir. r to en·e a, lihrarian. nc of It, ft r,r donations ( I I ) \\ a, rhe rnvare lil,raf) · ot I ,L 7 n1lume, ,,tJame Platt '\ hire, one oi the (,,under of the L.:n1ver,1t\ and the 111",t Profe..,.,nr of Ob,remc .ind D1,ea,e, llf \'\'omen an :I Children. He wa al o the t1r,r to intro­ duce cl1111caldemon,rrarion of midw1fer) 111th 1, countrv ( I 50). Two years before the MeJ1cal chool an :I 1t. l1hran mo\'ed to 1r- High ~ treet location m I 93, G ·orge 1 • Burwell, an emin 'nt Buffalo rhy,1 ian heyuearhed h1 more than I, volumes to the medical lihrarv. By 191 , th· Fle,ncr Rerort on Medi ,1IEducation referred to "a go(1J lihran· of l vnl­ umcs, curr 'nt German and Engli,h penoJ1cal, with a Ii hr.man in ·h,1rge." Fnur year l.irer, uplln the l ',1th 11119I4 of Dr. Roswell Park, h1, entire olle non nf 3,C volume, \\a, lonared to rhc li­ hrar , ,uh tant1all\ cnl irgm~ \\ hat ,, ,h tll he ome the H1 tllr) of ~ledi me Collec­ tion. Rare ,mJ hi-toncal work graJuall\ ,,c­ cumulard Junng the followirn.: dec,1Je,, hut remained e. scntially an unar­ rrec1ated, d1-..1rg,mi:eJ clement 111d1t111gubhahle from the gencr,il he.11th ,c1 'n ·c volumes of the lihrary. In fo t, during one renod hefore the BUFFAID _A_.._ L!.....!!....!' ' ......... ___, 2 ~ wile cion wa, e. tabli~heJ, the older and rarer hook were housed 1n an old w1re­ cageJ room with a locked door. "The d1,­ llrga111:ed, un acalogeJ collect1on wa ha ,cally una\ ailahle - almo,t no one knew 1r \\',.ls there and 1t Just languished," Lr. Bnmn rd.ires. "Furthermore, the ke) \\a given out to pcorle who re..:iueMeJ1r. There\\ ,i-. l1ctle ontml an I no idea 1fany hoob l1 arrcarcd .JS a r •suit." The llll\\'• emrt\ caged rnom ,ull stands 111Farher Hall. In 1972, . K. Huang, rresent director of the lihrar , m,1dc rhc dec1s1on rn recog­ ni:e the long under-re ogn1:cd h1sroncal colic t1on h) e,cabli hing 1t as a serarate entlr), the H1srol) of kdi ine Collec­ tam. Two year later, the collecnon an I the entire Health c1ence. Library relocated tll the outh amru.' K1mhall Tower; th,1t build mg, 111 tum, \\.l', \ ,lCated \\ 1th the Iiriran' Octoher 19 5 move w the elegant form r Lo kwood L1hrar1 . The uillc t1on wa ub,equenrl) renamed the Rohen L. 8nm n H1 tor, ofMed1c111eCo l­ lecr1on 111 honor of the hool\ former actmg and .lS',\lC1ate dean, an a . o 1ate profes ,r of med, inc •mentus who pla ·ed a maJor role 111 1b dcvelorment (. ee ,1 comranymg amcl ). • 1 �13 GRUESOME Bizarr arly in trum nt re th tuff of ni htmar BY RRL A 1 J grotc.quc, o\'er,1:cJ enema . )Tinge, 1mrrumcnt. to dnll kull hole . and dental dnll, that an: the ruff of nightmare, arc a tew of rlK· more um1,11;1(medical 111,trumcnt, now on di pl.1y in the newly ,how ,1,ed Huon ot Medicine Collcctmn 111 the Health Su­ en c Lihrar). Ii anyon1.: ha, e,·er douhteJ thL· prol,!n: , meJ1une ha, nude ,tnLC the la t centur\, nne need onl, ,·1,1t the collection r11h,n·e th11 c doul b re111l1,·ed.The kJ1c,1I ln­ tnmk'nt, Collection u\11 isr, of ,I ,, ide r<1n!.!cllf medical anJ dental 111trument bt1ng h.1ek en the I th ccntur,·. It m­ cluJc ,1 pre- '1nl \X:'·1rsurg11:,1Ikit, ,m ,mnquc m1Lr11uipc, hncer,, ,1rcha1c ,rerh11,1.:opc , ,md Jcntal tool . The olde r in rrnment i ,11,11rcrh.1ps rhe mo t gruc,nme - .m I th centun Frend, dv,rer. It 1, a n111e-111ch-long, pewter cncm;1 ,,­ rll1gl' with ,1 cur\'t.'d en L u e I tn tor ·1hlv e,·,1cu,Hc tool c1H1renr . Purgmi.: ".1, 11JKC a p11puL1r (.ind forrunatdv pa ing) f.1J, C f'l'• CJ,111 among the wdl-to- lo, lcadmg Moliere to s.HLa,nally pro lam, the enema 7ringc to he "the ccptcr llf kmg ." n I SL trephine u,cd co Jnll kull hole for brain urgery loob ,rnk111gly like a modem tool u,eJ for the . ame purp1he. Another drill, th1 time for dental ;.urgery, ha, an l 73 patent , nd ,., u111quc 111that it 1, unf:1mil1,u to expert-, tmm the :m1th­ s1m1an In tttut1on. An I 5'"1,,h1tc porccbin hust mappl' I with intricate blul' lme and W\lrJ, \\',1s u l'd tn tl'acl, plrn ..·nolog). Thi ",1 thl' Lil'nLl' and 1nterprctawm ot I ump, 11t1 tl,l' kull which uppo L·Jl) indic,Hl'J ch,1ractcr tntts. A comparison of the numl'f\ll1' hum~" 1111thl' head 111the ,1u­ thm ot thi, ,irticlc prove I llcf1111t1c:hthl' f,il,1t) 1if thl' phrcrnilogy thcllr\'. D ental rlwl ia Lan he 111tanth111JucL·Jh, Jl"t one look ,lt thl' cnl­ ll'Ltllln \ I th cl'ntun Jental tooth kcr. The cumber ome mol with 1c, frighcen111g hlunr honk ,md 11mg handle wa used to extract teeth. L\ed heti.ire knowledge ot f, m The 'atural Hi,toq of thl• Hum.in Tt·l·th, lry Jchn Hunter ( 177 ) Pt1 BUFFAID P HY AN ,mc,thl',1a, th1, not- o-prcc1,l' 111,trumcnr ,11o ),mkcJ 1)ut teeth adJ,icent ro chi: m111hll'J one and cvl'n hrnkl' J 1w 111the pnKL' Such happening, wl'rl' .1 n1uc111c da)' ,nirk hir dentl t ol that era. One I '59 machine l.11mci to rclie,·l' tll,1th p,1111,,1 well 1 Lllre hc.1J,1 ·he,, 1r­ rhriris, wnmcn\ compl,1111r,, ,m I Jtht ,ihour ,111\thmg cl,l' ir ,icc11mp,my111i.: hrochurl' Cllul l include. It w,1, the ·k<:­ rroma!_!nl'to 111,11.: h 111l', .i ,m.111 cle1.:tnc,il gl'nl'rator th,H coukl he ,1rrachl'd to ,m\ pare llt thl' body. The hi:arrc n,lturc ul these 11btrumcnt 1 mar he I h~ rhc 1'c,1ur, of ,,iml' 11ther . ,,\ rarcicularl\' clcganr and ,·en d · ·11rmn· antique hra" nH r,i,cope l.1tL' b.ick tll I , .1, io cver.11anr.1Ct1\'l' bn , murt.1r­ .111J-rc,t1k ( rhcr in,trumcnt mdu h: t11r111cr, k l1L11 lh,iul Dl',m ,w k.t11nK1mb,1II\ earl) 19th cenrun ,tctho, ~ore (nu ll' ior 1mc car <1111\') w1rh l.ucr 1mc 111alk•tor li,­ r •ning with tw,l c;1r . nc 111rrumcnc rl'• 111.1111' ,1 my,ren. ,h.1pl'J like ,1 l,1rge h1)l­ lo\\ kc, wirh lnll threa ling ,H 1ml' l'nd, thl' tool pmb.1hh date l ,1ck. w thl' I rh Cl'n­ run. One expert ha Ufl111Sl'llthat It m,l\' havl' hcL·n u l' I t11 Jram tlt11d from ho Iv cav1t1es. The recentlv e,cahli,hl'd Edg,u Mc lllre Medical Instrument Fund mm makes it p1 s. ihlc to expand the collcct1nn through pur ha es a, well as donations. • �14 totlie Collection D onati on enrich and diver if it range HY RRL'l 'E . KER-.;fl, ' ER T he 11,,111 tor\ Med1c111e ~olle · t1on Wlluld he !cs, 1mrre · 1\'e rllday 1f n weren't (ilr the lonation, 111• of gcncrou ltv1Jual,, cm­ pha 1.:c, the cul­ lcumn \ lihranan. L1ll1 em:, anJ the Medical chlllll\ ,lrlhl\ 1,c, l r. Roh Rmwn . llt llnh J,d rhe llJnarnm, of Dr,. Jame, Platt White, Jeorge Burwell, Rll,­ wcll Park, anJ many orhers create anJ ,1ugment the collc tllm I ·!me 1c\\ as for­ mall · e,rahli,heJ in 1972, hut c..onmhu­ tllln 111e then Cllntmue rn cnn h ,md Jl\·er,1fy 1r. The following 1s a sampling of ,ignifi­ cant Jonac1ons to the colic non in the past two year : 174 h1mmcal volumes JonateJ hy Dr. L. Maxwel l Lo k1e, a 1929 medical alum­ nu, and emeritus profes ir of meJ1unc. Hts oll • ram, which empha,1:es the his­ tory of th · tudy of gout .ind rheumaci,m, 1 one of the largest private col le tions of h1smncal worb on the ,uhie t. H1 olde c book on gout, the 1721 he ·ne' n Esstl) On ,0111, t. a comp,m1eJ hy O\'er a Jo:l'n other I th centurv worb on the suhie t. Other nor, hie ontrthur1om arc u~nn Flint\ I 73 Pnnc1ple., and Practin 11/Medrcme, 1r William . ler\ fiN •di­ tion of the hook by the same title, Oliver Wende ll Ho lmes' I 3 Medical E sens, 5/ 6 and Dr. Ro-,wcll Park\ 19 I 2 The Etil E-::,e T/uuwroloJ.,"i. The o lJe,t work 111 the ennrc collc rnm 1sDr . Lo k1c\ mp of the 17 I M::,stc..>rrcs 11/O/mmi. 23 hooks from the cnllcct1on of Dr. fa eubcrger, ailed "thl· dean of med, ,11 h,,ronan," and th· "greatest philosoph1al ht torran of mcdtctne." He helped t',­ cabli,h the scud of me !real hi tor, n, an \n.1romk,1l Ju.iii, (,tl,on• ,mJ on p.1;:t· / 5) fn>m konc. Anatomicac '1}'Andrea~ \'e,aliu., ( 191-1 t·dition ). Wood nu, J,ll<' from 15-13. BUFFAID HY ~ N__) a ,1lc1111cJi, ipline and \\ as the founder of an rmpmtant h1~tor, of med, me museum in icnna. Donated b hr , m, Dr. FrcJcrr k eubcrge r, lrmcal a,­ so rate rrofos ·or emcritw, of owlaryngol­ ogy, the boob date from I 97 to 194 . They wer • ,,·nrten and igncd b · Max cuherger, who died rn 1955, an<l 111 luJc derail •d me kal historic including that of ALNna. Hi, opu. nwJ.,11111111,rhe n, •o ,·ol­ ume Hi.,tol) uf Medrcmc, 1 nll one of the greate. r texthook. on the ,uhicct. The 'euhergcr gift wa, publtcl exhihrted hy the l,hrar, last foll. Th,-, gift i the cecon<l examp le ofFreJ­ errck euhcrger's generosi ty to the Med­ I al chool. In the 1950\, on the oc ,Non nf the l1hrary' mo\'e from High erect co old Capen Hall, Dr. cubcrger donated eight lay ha relief portrait . which mm lmc the hall\ of the History of Mcdr me ollc t1on. cu lpted hv artist Dom ppcl, the portray mk1ng ltkenes,e ot ,u h meJ1 al greats ,is Maimoni ic , Freud, Galen, William Harve , and Ve altu,. The Edgar R. McGurre H1 tori al Med­ ical In trumcnt Fund was esrnhlr hed 111 January, 19 5, b • Mr~. Annette Crnvem in honor of her father. Dr. M Guire gr.i<luaced from the B Medical choo l, ( la,, of 19 . He wa. ns-.istanr ro l r. Rosw •II Park from 19 2 to 1914, and su ceeJed Or. Park as professor of surgery . Dr. M JUire held the hair of surgery until his death in 1931. The Mc urrc lnstrumrnt Fund ur- �15 (\1scle to rhe I lealth ·cien e Lil rary. Puhl1shed 111 19 , rht defin1m ·e !.ic­ s11nde edition of anarom1cal ira\\ '111g,, which is limited w 99 sees, ha . heen descrihcd a. the puhli,hmg event of all runes, and won the lnrernatinnal Pri:e for e,cellence m hook design ,ind rroJu t1nn in Lei :1g, Germany, in 19 2. Lennar lo\ drawing . han~ hecn repro luced in full color nn 176 folio rage~ in the original chronolog, and are rlacc I loose 111 a portfolio box for e,1'y a ce, . . The May 19 ' 5 BHffa/11 Pir).11ci,mgives further derails and an 1llu:trat1on of this donation hy an ne\'erin~, who i, a 1977 alumnu, and clini al instructor of oh-gyn. ne pasr maim donation w the nld Medical-Deneal Lil rary hy the Buffalo Academy of 1ed1c111e,mcidenwlly, le l to the construction of a rn,im named 111 that group's honor, nnw tran,terred to rhe collecnon '. n '\\' qu ,1rr •r,. Thar room 1, the mecttng place fm the Aca lemy' month])- meetm(!s, Collect1vel\', the Hi,rory of Medicine Collectinn accurately reflecb the mmd, and career . of Its donor., as ~ir Will1,1m O,ler eln 4 uentl\' t,1tcd: "A library re1 re­ ,ent: the mmd of ih collecrur, hi, fanc1e, and li.1ihles, his strength and weakne, , h,, pre1ud1ccs and pre erences. . .. The friendships of h,~ life, the pha e · if his growth, the vagarie . ot his mmd, all are represented.'" • "' G ~ ~ • t-rt\ 11\ the "P n l \ t:'11,Ulu' File ,1f rlu.' l h-.1or, 1l f ~h.·J,...me R1111 .,I,, ... L,11,"" "' . i<l, 5 \ 11nr11~ il,hl·d C.,ll cdh> O, -;L \;) m.1n,1-., n p1) . ,__ ______ ......._ __________________ ___J m,•nt Fund. ports the acquisition of hi torical meJ1cal instrument by the Health ciences Li­ hrary. The first rurchase from the fund con ists of an antique hra,, mi ro. core ( omround hino ular) manufo tured by R. J. Beck, London, a., I 0, repre­ enting Briti. h microscope making at it, very best. It is on di pla), in the o llec­ tion' gallery. A collection of ·ix prints, in luding two Daumier lithograph , three figurine , and 6 monographs were donated la t ummer to the collection by Mrs. Haro ld T. chweitzer. The items were co llected by her late husl and, a B medica l alumnus, las of 19 I, who practice I internal medicine in Buffaln for many years. The colic tion i. particularly ,crnng in hoob ahout rhys1cian, and ,-cienti,ts, an 1 re­ fle ·ts Dr. chwemer's interest in medical history, hingraphy, and arr. The donation was re ently exhibited in ch' main lohhy of the Health cien c. Lihrary. Dr. Max L. Land·berger, emcritu~ clin­ ical associate in pediatri s, donated 6 7 titles to the collection last spring om­ posed of 19th and early 2 th century pediatric monograph,. On January , 19 5, Or. Russell J. Van Cocveri ng 11pre cnced a copy of Leonardo da Vinci' Anawmical Swdies in the ollec­ cum of Her Majesty che Queen ut \Xlincbor BUFFALO L.L:H V 5, I C I A N ] �16 Dr.RobertL.Brown He played a major role in the collection's development D r. R,1h·rt L. Rnrnn, Medical ,'chool arch I\ 1,t ,inJ a ,uc1,1te pnife",1r of mcd 1clllc cmcriru,, ha, been honored h) ha\ mg the L' n 1\·er, 1t) \ H 1,tor) ot Medicine \1llccmm n,imeJ ,1frcr him. Dr. Bnl\\ n plawJ .i ma1or role 111 rhe de­ velopment of the cnlle [l(Jn mer the pa t 26 ·car,. The Rllhert L. Rnrnn 111,wrv lli Medicine Collecuon 1, a unit lif the ni­ wrsit)' Health c1 ·nc · Lihrary. Dr. Brown hegan h1, a"llCI.H1on with rhe lihr,iry ,1 a,,1sranr Jean of the 'chool of M • heme 111I 959. He \\ a re,po1v,1hle for the then McJ1c1l-Denral L1brar\ huJgcr .mJ acquisition, fundmg. 1n 1961, while he wa Medical , chllol ,icrmg Jean, the libr,H) became part ,ii the ni­ \·cr-,1ty Lihranc ,y,tem and wa ren,uncJ the Health c1cncc, Librar). But under Dr. Brown\ J1recrn111, the Mc IK,11 chool CllntmueJ to timJ ,pcoal pr,11cu, including the pre,ervacion of the hi-.tor1cal cullecuon. In 1974, he wa, appomteJ Med1rnl chuol arch1vi,t, and ,1, cpn,ulrnnr tP rhc.: Hi,wry of 1cJ1cmc Cullect10n, he relo­ cated to the library\ dfice . lk ,uh­ equcnrly undertook the d1fhcult prou!, of compiling all the record. of the meet­ ing, of the faculr) and e. ·ecuti\ c cumnm­ ree of the Medical chool ,incc 1, 46 ,,nJ other pm1ect, related to the School\ hi tory. The 'B medical alumnu ( 1944) .1nd A lpha Omega Alph,1 member received the ~eJ1cal Alumrn Aw,1rJ m 1974 and rhe D·an\ Aw.irJ m 1967anJ 1971. Bllrn 111 Buffalo Ill 192 l, he ha. pre\lou l) ,erwd a, director of the Vi itmg ur,c, A,,ou­ atton and was a memher of rhe MeJ1<..,1I 1-ounJanon of Buffalo among urhcr or­ ganization,. He bec.ame an emenru, fac­ ulty memher 111 19 5. • 051 6 �17 MEDICAL SCHOOL NEW SCHOOL APPOINTS _ECHAIRMEN The Medical chool has a/)pointed threenew deparrmencchairmen, lea ~ ing only two hairs currently vacant, Microbiology and Ophthalmology. The new appointment·area follows: J ohn P. K,1pp, M. D., is the new ch,1im1an of the Deparrmen of Neuro urgery, re­ pla ing Dr. Fran: Gla!>aucr, who was a ring chairman. Kapp i · widely re og­ m:ed in the field, and 1-; li,red m Marqui,' 1979 BesrDocwr: m cheU. . (ba ed on urvey llf the narmn', medical pec1alisr ). n,Ht\'e ,if V1rgmi.1, Kapp attended [)uke l'niwr It\ where he rt>ce1\'·J h,, hachellir\ Jcgrce, Im mcJicnl Jcgr•.:: (1961). anJ hi, Ph.D. in ,mam nn . He ,11npkr.::d hi, re,iJenc, ar rhe Duke l,'m\'cr,it\ _ hool ,if MeJicm.:: 111 1969 anJ \\a, a ,urg1c.1I intern at rhe 1'-!eJical College of 1rgini,1. K,1pp "·'' a maJllr m rhe ledi al Corp,, U .. Arnw, where he ,er\'ed ,h chief, Neunilog1cal 'ern e, Z4rh Eva ·thl• non Ho,p1ral. Prior to coming co R, he wa, pmfc ,or oi neum,urge~ ,lt rhe Un1ver,1t) of M1"1"1pp1 ' lmol of Medicine in Jacbon. The pmle"nr of ncum,urgCr) has puhli heJ 75 journal article. and chapter·, a well a a I9 4 book, Cerebral Venous y rem and Dis1irders. His re, ·ar ·h focu,e, on J1,ca,e of the hram ,uch a ,rmke, br,un rumor , anJ Ji,­ nrJer. of che cerebral venou y ·rem. One of h1, primary goal, 1, roe rabli,h a maim neum­ oncnlog\ enter m Buffalo, fnr treatment of br.1111rumor,. In a IJmon ro hi, re,ear h, patient, and meJi al , hool re ponSJhditie,, Kapp is ,d,o an 11w·nror of meJical dev1 e,. H1, fir,r 1, an Arterial Pre ~ure ntrol y~tem, an elecrri­ cally-controlled computer device implanted on arcerie, leaJmg co aneury,m, which is Je,igned m regulate pressure on them ro rrevent rhe1r rupturing. Thi, ocher 1n1·ention i artificinl mernl and pla,cic vertebrae which can be u,ed ro replace verrehme Je,rroyed by cancer. Hi. numerou, profe,,1onal member hip in­ clude the medical honor ociety Alpha mega lpha. American He ,ur A,soc1at1on, troke ouncil, American ollege of Surgeon , American A,sticmt1on of eurolog1cal ur­ geom, ongre~, on eurological urgeons, and the American 1cdical A, ociauon. BUFFALO fPHv$1¢1ANI D Alker, 1.ll., the ne,, chairman of the Radtology Depart• ment, has scn·ed a, a ttng chairman ,in e 19' I. The clm1cal pmfc, ir of r.1lining} 1 al ·n director nf mdiology ar M . consult­ ing raJ1olngu ;ic hoch the A M ·Ji al Center anJ We,r eneca Development Cenrer, and ,1 rending raJ1olog1,r ar E M ~. Alker i, ,1!,o clinical assoc1.1te pmie,sor of nucle,H med1 me. Ongmall} mm Budape,r, Dr. Alker at­ tended Alleghen} College and re e1ved hi r. George 51·t, �1.D. from UB m 1956. He nmplcreJ h1, re,1Jenq .it E..J. Meyer emonal Ho,piral (mm E.nc C\iuncy MeJ1cal 'ente r). A retired major m the . '. Army Re,crvc, A Iker, •rv •J a c.1pt,11n,ind t,1ff mJ1olog1st at the \V1lliam Beaumont General Ho,p1tal m El Pa,o, Texa,. A Iker ha, pul--ll'heJ 42 amcle, ,mJ chapters anJ a 19 0 book /foul 1111111). He deal, cxtcn• 1\·cly with hcaJ ,md neck mJLme, m fatal traf­ fic ac 1denc,, well a, with hydroceph,1111,. ,1, Compmeri:eJ mmography (CT) , annmg m ,pme, head, and hnm m111ry I another research focus of his. Alker w,1s a v1 1tmg proicssot m the People\ Republic of hma at the univer me of Kunmg , ChengJu, and Lha,a la,t year. The American Mc i1c.1IAssociation of u• mmot1v • MeJ1 me, Erie .ounry McJ1 al , >· c1cry, cw York 'care Medical icicty, ,m<l the )(.iery of hairmcn of Ac.1dem1c R,1<l1ol­ ogy llcp,1rrment ,ire only ,1 c11 nf the many profcs\lonal nrga111:ar1om m wh1 h Dr. Alker 1 mvolvcd. He " p,M president of the Buf­ falo Ra<l1ologic,1l 1 1cry and 1, trca,urcr of the Ccr\lcal , pm· Re ear h >cn:ry. Dr. Alkcr 1, ,11'0 mvolved with the Buffalo ,u h­ oli Phy 1c1an C,udd and 1, ha1rman of the Western ew York Coalition for afety Belt U e. He 1, .l'i',\lCtatc editor of the ioumal Com• 05/ 6 p111cnzcdRudrology (,mce 19 3). A senior member of rhe American ciety of euroradiology, he I a d1plomate of boch the American Board of Radmlogy and the Amer1 an Board of u lear Med1cme. O ne of the newest ,lppoinrme~b i Jo,eph A. Prc:10, M. D., a, ha1rman of the Departmcnc o uclear Medicine. The clm1Lal profc ,nr of nuclear mcd1cme ha, erved a acnng dcp,1rtment cha1rman mce fay 19 3. He h,1 ,er\"ed a, (ha1rman o ercy I lmp1tal\ 1uclcar Med1c111eDepart• menr s111ccI 964, the ,amc year he Jomcd rhe UB Medical hool faculty. The 2 3-member UB Department of u lear Med1cmc 1s mvolvcd with re c,uch, tea hmg, ,md rr-.1m111g111a ~rec1alty th,1t 1, con crneJ ,, 1tl1the u e of rnd101sotope, ,1' imaging ,1gents pnJCes cs for that can depict organ. and L°xid~ J1agno. tic purpo e . Born m Troy, . Y., Pre:m earned hi l--achelor\ Llegree from M,mhattan ollege N. Y., and hi, medical degree in I 959 from Georgetown ni,·er:ity. In that year, he wa, decreJ to the Alpha mega Alpha Medical BUFFAID (PttvS1¢1AN) Honor oc1ety. He al o scrveJ m the U. . Army Re,crvc as Hmp1tal CtimmanJcr, 365th encral Eva uation Hospital from 196 7 co 1973. Prez10 ha, previou. ly erved as Mer y Hos• p1rnl\ m d1 al staff pre,1dcnc and a member of m Board of D1rcctt1rs. He 1.· now the dire tor of the hmpit,11\ Office of Medical Education. I le I a past president of the Enc ounty Med­ ical o 1ery and current ,ccretary of the th Disrnct Medi al o 1ety of the tare of . Y. He was recently ,1 member of the Erie County Board of Health and currently s •rvcs on the Board for Profc sional Medical 'onduct, . Y. rate Deparrmcnc of He .11th. Pr ·:10 1, board-certified m mternal med1 me, nuclear meJ1cme, and endocr111ol­ og and metabolism. A ti~•c m the community a, \\·ell a his pro­ fc,sion, he 1, pa t president of rhe Board of EJu at1on of ts. Peter Paul hool. Ham• burg, a former tru,rcc ofT mca1re College, Ruf­ falo, and former national chairman of eorgerown U111\·er,ity's Medi al Alumni Fund. H1 n:scar h f<JCuse on di.1gnost1c 1magmg of chc p,m reas, , rotum, and other organ , as well ,1, enJo nne Jysfuncriom. He is currently rcsearchmg new brain 1mag111gagent,. • �19 \ J EDUCATIONRESEARCHUNIT PURSUESEXCELLENCE ''The purswt of e, t:llence" 1, a phra,e heard fr 4ucncl) m recent year a, Amenc ,1\ out­ look on education change, anJ the countr) hcg1m to i w, more inren ively on edu a­ tional 1, ue, . Dr. Frank ch1mpfh,1w,er, a. ,i rant dean and director o B\ Medical EJu a­ tion Re earch and Evaluation Unir, i, conerneJ with excellence in the medical profc,. ion. " ur unit supports the me Jical program\ goal of proJucmg not only competent tech111- BY m UtutL-dat the niversity," th' a,S\ 1ate pm­ fe,,or of S\ 1,1I ,md prevcnr1,·c mec.li ine ex­ plain . . \) hde many o the tu lie. ,pccificalh evaluate the hool', program,, the Re eareh Unit al,o oll ,1boratc, on ,tud1e that look at broader i,,ue, and proHem,. Example, m lud srud1e of anirndc, of med1 al ,cuJcnr, coward, gcnamc patient . , pcrfom1ancc pattern of ,tu• Jene, with m•n-, 1en e ba kgroun I , ancl tu• Jent are 'r J 1 1on-makmg. "We ,plore 1 • ,ue . ,1nJ tllp1c, of nac1on,1l mcere,t," , ,1y. ~ch11npfhau,er, "m ,cc hm\ UR i drnng rcb­ t1vc to orhcr pr11gr,m1,aero" the nation" ,ind tll "provide fecdbad, tll committee on cmeJ w1th urn ulum, aJm1"1on , an I udenr ,1f­ fair.... Annrher obJecciYe of the unit i, ro a I t facult) 111 developing, implemenrmg, an I evaluacmg e lucatmnal grants and oncra h wh1 h aJdre, area, of educammal re,car h and ne11 cur­ riculum de\'elopmenc,. ch11npn1au, ·r ,peaks \\'Ith pnJe about the ,u cc , that the unit ha had m th" ar' ,l. "With rhe help of our focuk) che School ha, b•en able co re e1ve nl'er 2 million m exrem:il fundmg for Progr.1m De, ·elopment act1vit1e, . Progr.1111,m c,mcer cduc.1tiun and cancer rrevenuon, a, well ,1, in physmloiri, cost contammenr , and clinical asse,,ment ha, •e been ,up­ ported. Wnhm each program we have hmught faculty together for worbhnp, on cour . e de, ·elopment, tudenr a ~e, ment, an I program e\'alu.nmn." One of the mo,t 1mponant an I mo r ch .1llcn1:mg a,pe t. of rhe unit' w,,rk, howe\'er, ,.., ongomg con,ulc.itilm with f.1·ulcy mem ­ ber ,mJ dep ,1rrmenr, to 1mpnn-e teaching program,. "Mo . t ,lf llUr eftort are m ,uppmung faculty work m ' \'alu gi ,md cnmm1ttce ~ ,nmg ,md 1mpnl\ mg c Ming expl.un, ~ progr,1m. , " ~ ch,mrf~ hauscr . "In rh ,1c meJ1 111 1. a .:'11111111111,-~IIIIII ,·en dynam1 field, we 11,mt ,111 e, inng m,unrnm cian,, but abo highl} 4ualifieJ profo,sional , trained ro perform their evenru,11 role . m s(>Ci ·ry. In medical eJucamm o,· •r rhe pasr everal year, rhere h,1 been a clear mm·emenr ro gee he)·onJ the mer• b,1 1 . ; there •'-m mcre;i,­ ing concern or broader Jefmmon, o excellence in teach mg .1,"ell a, m learn mg." Although rhe Re c,uch ,m I v,1luJt1on Unir I mall, with h1mpn1au er ,mJ Dr. Ran lolph amacki, rhe as I rant J1recror. nmpri mg the ore:. it Jc:al, with a wide range (>f oncern an I activities. Formed 111 1976 ,l part of a newly-c tabli hcd ( f. 1 e o Mc lical Edu auon, chc un1c emplo) educational rcch­ n14uc, an I methodolog1e to a, ,,r fa ulry 111 1mprnvmg curriculum anti in. rru rion w1rhin che Mc Ii al hool. "Our obie tm~ ha been to work with the fa ulty to help chem Jo their job. better," -.1ys h1mpfhau,er simply. " ur effort involve, aspect . of re. earch, program J vclopmenr, ;md on ulration. The unit con­ du ts studies, fore ample, to eval­ uate the u cc,, of n 'W progr.1m, BUFFAID IPHY$ 1 C1A I �20 MEDI AL CHOL E\Xl ,m,1 challcngmg y,tcm ol progr,1111, •" the ticld change \Vhnc po"ible, we cnc11ur,1gerr,,g­ r,1m, to con,1,I ·r metho,I, ol lcammg wh1 h excenJ hcy,,nJ the · cqu1,1t1on nt ,1mple knowledge and lw,1c fa t,. We want ,wJcnt t<l IX"'c" kill, in Jc 1,1on-makmg, patient 111ter.1ct1on, ,md problem-,olnng. ~ewer cnur,e, anJ hnnor program , e rnhli heJ by faculty, Inn: arpma hcd thc,c area, ol con­ cern. The work ,,t lacult) m medical cJuca­ non, therefore, proviJe, opportun1t1 ·, for d1f­ lercnt approachc, anJ method, from tho,c tnJit1onall) u cJ 111Un1\'cr,1t, 111,truct11m. "One Jtlemm,1 we lace i, that while mo t meJ1 ,11 educ.Hor h,l\'c ., strong h.KkgrounJ m mcJ1 111 • there i, no •"'urancc that rhc, .ire ,1 knll\deJgeahlc 111 cJu ,1t1onaI ,kill,," rhc unit he,1 I n,1re,. While \\'C h,l\'C hecn ,1hle r., Wllrk r.Jther well I\ 1th man of our f,Kuln, rhere 1, tN1,,II) v,1liJ com:crn or e1·cn Jch.m· o\'cr rhe ,1pplll.it11mof cdue,mnn.,I pr111c1plc. F,Kulry with dm1 11b.1 kground, m,I) feel char "educatmnalisrs" can't re,111)unJeN,md the n,uure .mJ dem,mJ ol rhc matcn,11 hcmg neither b.1si ,c1cnt1 t, nnr clm1uan,. Educ.nor , in rum, worr, th.It mcJ1c,1Ipn,tc ,1on,1I, dnn'r lull) unli:e or apprc ·1,1tcthe 1m­ p,irtancc· nf cduc1t1onal ,kill .md technique·,. To that cnJ educ.mon,il1,i- 111 mo,r mcJ1c,1I ,chool, h,t\'C t) pcJ their mcd1c,1Il,Kulr) col­ lc,1guc•into three group,: "hclie\'er , ""nlln-1 c­ lie\'er," ,m I "undc 1,led,." "Ci1\en ,uch ., ,chemc I think our gre,uc,r .111, l,1Ct1,,nre r, 111 work mg "uh rhc unJec1,lcd. , ·cmg thll,c \I Im h,l\'cn'r workcJ llll cdu ,1mm.1I m.1ttcr, l~c.,mc mrcrc,teJ ,mJ 11woln~J in rhe Je­ wlop1m:nt of ne\1· pr,1gr,1m or m the 1mpnwe­ mcnt of ongoing program, 1, \'Cr)' grattfrmg," h1mpfh,1u er ·ommenr,. Havmg ome m Buffalo mm the Ohlll wre .ollcge .,f MeJ1cme, ~ h1mpth,nl'er ,, prlluJ llf his umt ,mJ cnJoy 1r, man, ch,11lcnge,. "The m,un J1fterence berween our \H>rk and the \nirk of ln11·er-it) fa ·ult\ 111 eJuc.1tmn. I Jepanmcnr, i, rh,1t we ,He ·nn,r,mtl) thmkmg 'applicannn, 11nplemenranon ,md outcome'. Thc<lr) 1 applied - nor ,imply J1,­ cu,, d. 1ven our ong ltng a tl\'ltle of grant \\ nrmg ,1nJ upport, comm1rcee work, program evaluation, tudcnt intern tion, tea hmg, ,md a host of pmfc"1onal mvolvcmcnc,, lite ha, rarely been Juli." • 05 6 M d School et pace in campu ,wide drive T he 19 5 EFA am~.ugn official!· cl,,-eJ with rhe l--1eJiul , chool nnce .1g,1111 cnnrnl,utmg ,1 ma1or ,hare of rhe 111\'er,1rv, rotal. EFA. m the Emplll\' e Federared ,1r) \ ,mnu.11 'nireJ \I a c.1mp,1ign. Medical :chnol contributors exceeded their £,Ml t,\ 13 per cent ior a total of *69, 111.62. This i, rhc h11?hct pcrccnt.i(!e for ;my , ·hnol or l.irgc unit of the Un1ver-it) (rho,e havm(! I or more employ 'es). The chool\ pledge, rcpr ·,cntcd over 21 per cent of rhc 111\'ersiry\ weal onrnl>urion, of 325, The,e a compl1'hmcnr, are m p1re ol the f,1Ctrhar nnh 46 ~r cent of employee, ram i­ patcd in the c.1mpaign. The awr,1ge rleJge "a,.;194. ompared ro la,t y •,u, rhe pledge, arc 22 per ent higher, though the I 9 5 figure, did not ex eeJ the goal t, · .1, high ,1 percentage "' I 9 4' dnnatinn,. • Lu·• Harrini;:wn tlln'r Lclio Orci, .\I.D., 'fX'aking on "The /n,u/in Fav ron: Tour of rht• P/.mr • urrt>undinJ.! and ., Vi,ir ro th£' A.,.,cmbh Linc•," pre t'ntt-d l ncmber 12, 19 ; in f.1rber Hall. Th£' director of tht• Dep.1r(mt•nt of forphn/01," , of hool of "ont• of di tm• cdl of b· our Dr. (,iu t•ppe ndrc,, B prof•·--or of miaobiofoi::l· • Or i i, nott•d for hi, n•• ,t>arch and thl.' beaut, of hi, mor­ pholoi;:i al ,/idc, (and ht• i., ,1 profc,­ ,iona/ n-di). BUFFAID jPHvS1¢1A j painrt·r .i­ �21 RE EARCH U FOURNEW RESEARCHUNITS B Pre,1dl'nt - ten:n B. -',1mple rl'ct'nrl) ,mnouncl' I torrn,Hl(ln ul ,,.\.<'n ne\, rl', •,1rch cenrer, ,It B. Je,igned tll pnw1Je ,upport t~,r l.tcult\-111· 1ti,1teJ, muln-d1 .:1plin,1ry proi:r1m,. F1ur of the center ,1re a, ic1,1red with the -cht 1111! Ml'dicine. E.1ch will recci,·e Imm · 60,L l rn • 1L , 1iver tl1ree year to ,tllll\\ 1t to hecome ,elf-,uffiuenr; then e,1 h 1. expected to hring m evl'ral time ,1, much ectern.11 funding. The m.mn ·r 111which c,lLh u111tc,1rrie nut the,e 11h1en1ve " u111qu· 111 I l,m't he e,1,1h deciphered lnim rhe Lenru\ nrle . The,e h11rt de, npt1on 1>f the four le,IK,11 ~ hPol-,1,­ ,oc1ateJ center pro,·iJe 111 1dc,1ol \\ h.1t the, d11. T x1c logy R arch Center P UL J. KO TY lAK The Tox1colog:,.· enter "The mo,r 1mr<1rt,mt rL·, urLe o the To. · 1Culog) Re l',ir h C..:nter 1, 1r memh..:r hip, \I h1ch 1, trul; 111 interd1 dplmar; gn,up," noted r.1ul j K11St)l1l.lk,director"' the centl·r ,mJ ,m ,l ,1x1.ltl pn,te '"r11f ph,irm,KPl1,L!\,mJ th..:rapcunc . methods of asse smg neuroloRtcal ha~ard.sof entironmental polluwnt·, among other efforts. Mol cular Bi I g and Immun I gy The center L'nJ"Y' p,1rnop,mon Imm the , hu,,I, "' Med1un •, Dent.ii ~1cd1cme, Ph.1r­ m,1q, . '.1tur,1ISci •n e, an,1 M,1themanc,. ,mJ Health Rel.1ted Pn,fc 10n .1r B, ,1 well ,h from the (,re,lt Like L.1hor.1tllr\ ,lt Bull.ti" t,1te College. :-surface :c1ence Center ,mJ the Elecm,n :-.t1cro, ope F.1ciliry. The phil,i-,,phv ol rhe n·ntcr I nllt to pull e. · i,ting rn11cct, under a ", ntr,11 umhrella," hut to p,l\\n cPllnh<ir,lCi\·e re l',1rch proJc t w1rh a high r<itentinl tore tcrn,11lunJmg, Km­ ryni,1k cxpl.uncJ. The c •nter ha ,uhrnmeJ • 1.466 m1ll1on m new grant ,mJ con r,1ct ar• plicatilln which ,uc current!; under re\"le\\. TorK of re e,1rch include dewlopmg nc\, method, w ,1 ,e, neurolugic,11 ha:.ud, of en­ nronment,1I r<1llur.int , devcl11pmg ,1group of new rnd1ophnrma ·eur1cal u ed in ex:immmg the hram, ,1n I in vitro merh,xl of re ring kid­ ney prn ,,n . Thi center, ·,,- lirccted h ~11Lh,1d Ar1Lell.i, prote,-..,r iii me licine, nd m1crnh111I• ,,g}. ,111 f D,1nd Reh, h, I S(>Cl,lCe rn•k ,r I I h1ochem1 rr; .mJ mi roh1olugv, , -rvc, .1 1 tocu, for r ·opl • Imm httercnt J1 cirlme,, \\ ho ,h.1rc ,1 cornmun mtne r. :,.,1cmhcr inclu le hi,,chem1,t , 1rnnumlllllg1 t . ch111 1,111,,pr tem ch •m1 t , virolog1 t , m I e111.:meer,. Onl' llf rhe kc, mtere t Ill the gr,,ur 1, hn,11111?ne\1 \\ ,l\" to develop \ ,1·cme . There ,ire n1,\\ 1 tll nmc proJect which mernher ,m..• w,,rkml! on in t\n> .mJ three,, Ap1c ·ll.1 e. rl.,ined. The e mclu le \\ or!.. ,111 fl,i.:moph,lic, m /l11cn~11. a h.Krcna rh.u c,1t1e, men111g1t1,111 ,mall childn.:n .md mleLtiou hwnLh1t1, 111 pec1ali:ed expem,c ,md l.1h..1r,1tPr\ fKiline,, not norm,1lly ,1\",1il.1hlcto a toxicol­ ogy center, ,tr ,na1l.1hle, Ko rv111.1k .11d. The,e mc.:luJe the niwNt\ 'uLleu: 1ence ,md Technlll11g, Fa ilir , rhe :-.ta, • re • trometr\ F,Kilir, 111the , h1l<ilof :-.1ed1cme. ,md the '1coler 2 D , ,1 ,r,1te-llt-rhe-,1rt in­ ,trument u,eJ w Jere r rhe pre,ence "f chem1c,1l. The enter\\ ill ,11o coll.1h..irare with the stHd_·ing BUFFAID [PHY$1¢ A r Cent r t r Appli d �22 RE EARCH aJult . The aim i, to Jdmc aspect, of rhc ll'll w.ill ,rruccurc. Another pmJcLt deal, with chl't1N1m1a,i-. Molccul.1r hwlogy ,mJ 1mmunolog~ re ·hniquc, arc u,cd ro ,tuJy the para 1tc th,1t cau,c, thi d1,ca, · in Alm;a. The center 1, also work mg 111) .m ann1Jiotypc vac inc, a whole nC\\ ,irca of vaccine Je\'cl.,pmcm, ApiLcll,1 note,!. Thi, mcthn,I permit, .1 vacunc rn IL· dcn·l,1ped \,·1rhour u,mg the Ji,ea c 1,rg,1111,mor tumur ,1, the 1mmunog ·n. Having ·,1 C\>mmon ·t of e4u1pmcnt 1 ,me ((1't-efccc1ve ,1d\;mt,1gc of the center. E.Kh pmJect need, cert,1111rechnolugic, m pl.ice, Apicella pointed our, hue to ,ct chem up tor c.1ch mdi, •1du,1Iwould he an mc.:rcdihle dfort. The center\ t,1,ilitie, mduJc the :-..hmo­ donal L,h "h1d) it nm for rlw Urm er It\. Tlw Monoclon,11 Lah make annbodic fora pe1.if11 : ,ice nn t\11 ,111c1~cn with mice. MI HAEL APl ELLA chi tosomiasi , an influenza vims that causes meningiti in children,and a new clli s of vaccine are in his center' realm of interest. C nt r £ r R 1n Special Environm nt taculry, rhy,1nll1g1,c,. ,md clinician, ,1rc all m­ arch PmviJmg the equipment anJ ,peciali:cd pcr,onncl nccJcJ for rc,carch m unu,u,11 phy,1c,,1l env1mnmcnr, i the purpo cot thi, ccnter, cxpl,11ncJ II J1re tor, 'be undgrcn, ,11,o,1 pmfc,,m of phy,1ology. 'pccializcJ cquipmcnt, hou,cd m the I lcr m.mn R,,hn Laborarorv m Sherman Annex, mcludc, thc human ccnmfugc and ,1 doughnut-,hapcd 1mmcr 10n ['<Xll. The en­ trifugc 1.an generate ,1 high gra, it, load while 11nmcr,ion in rhe pn<>Ic.m simularc lll\~cr th.in norm.ii gr,w1ry, LunJgrcn exrlamcd. Ocher 'l"l't.:1,11 cn\'mmmcnt cxamincd ar the ccnter mduJc extreme m tcmpcr,1ture, ,llr rrc ,11rc, .md g,1, Jcn,1t . Thi. rc carch i, .ipplicd n, a 11 iJe range of mtcrc,r, mcluJmg urrnlarory and lung di,ca,c m newlx1rns, ,pa e rr,1,·cl. ,lccp ,c,1 J1vmg, anJ rhc tuncminmg of ,1 J1cscl enginc. Thc inrcr,u.:non of pcoplc from d1 lcrent J1s­ ciplme, at thc Cl'ntcr ha cncour,1gcd ncw wnrk, hctter idea,, and more cflcu1ve in­ ,rrumencanon, Lundgren ,,11d. l::ngmecrmg \'nlvcJ. Al,o important to thc center ,Ir<.!pcc1ali;cd and highl, tr,1incJ per onnel uch ,1, ,1diving tcam and othcr people \\ ho h,mJle d,mgemu . high pressure equipment. "E,·cn if I had the llltmc,, I couldn't go out ,mJ bu, the tr,1mcd pcr,nnncl." Lundgrcn ,aid. \V1thour the cente r, it might take t\·e ,ir rcn year, rn ,1rr,mgc rhc ncce",lf\ ,rcc1ali:cd cympmcnt and pcr,,>nncl to conJuct ,I mglc I.., i ~Ll..1111-s~ __ _l_ __ LAE LU OGRE The work of hi center ha applications in circulatoryand lung di ease, space travel, deep ea di ing, and die el en~ gine. two-month cxpernncnt, LunJgrcn pointed out. The center provide continuity that ol\'e, rhac pmblcm. Surface Science Cent r tmlying the interface hcrween ub ranees 1· the Joh of the surface scienfr,r, ..ay, the 05iK6 BUFFAID jP1-1vS1¢1A N) __.:: �23 RE EAR .,H enter\ direcwr Michael Meenaghan, who i. ,in hoth the Denrnl and Med, al School\ facult1. Rc,car her, here might tud\ the interface netween a dcnral implant and the Jil\\', nr he­ tween ,k, wax ,md smm. Thev might ,eek ne11 material, for ,urg1cal 1mplanh to which tis,uc won't adhere, nr look for ,ubscan that will m,1ke good glue,, he explained. The center pool the knowledge of individu­ als from h1ophy,ical science. , physics, hem, try, me licme, d ·nt1 tr), chemical engmeer- "\X/1thout rh' people, you an lock the d 1or ,md throw ,1way the ke\ - the <'qu1pmenr' no go<.xl," he aid. Current programs ot the enrer m lude 1m­ planrnhlc biomedi al del'icc engmeering. ur­ foce chara ten:arion, chcmL tr and m,1terial ,c1encc, fundamental urfacc , icncc ,md char.1ctcri:anon, ;md b1olog1cal cry,calli:,1tinn. • Ml H EL MEE GH (in lab c at) urface cience looks at the int ,rfa ·e between ub tances: between dentlll implantsand thejllw, betweenski wax and now. Research total nears $14 million T ing, electnc.11 and compmer cngmecrmg, mathematics and natural ,ncnccs, and geol­ ogy. It. ~rccrmg crnnmmec has n:pre enrat1vc from med, me, dentistry, engmeermg, natural sciences, chemistr), the Healrh-c.ire Instru­ ments and Device, Institute (HID!), and the Cabpan/UB Re. earch enter ( UBR '). A rcprc cntauvc I ill he n,1med l.uer from Rt .• well Park Memorial In mute. The urnt also plam. to work w1Ch . urfacc scientist at the Urn\'er It) of Toronto, Meenaghan ,aid. Poolmg available equipment, a well a pooling re,ourcc to huy new equipment, "an advantage n( the enter, he noted. The kill of the faculty an<l lah te hni ians mvolved is equall important, M 'c;naghan sai I. he 'ch,x,1 of 1edl(me ,pcnr ,ilmo,t 14 m1ll111nm ,pon ireJ research I.ht ycar, a 5.9 pcr cent 1ncre,1'e over rhe prcccdmi:: 1 •,tr. The .\:h,,ol\ re,earch c • rend1rur ·, were lu,:hrh more th,m 42 per c ·nt of rhe n11·crS1t1 \ meal r ·,carch exrend,rure,. Th,, W,1' reported h Dr. O..mald Rennie, rhcn \ 1cc pre,1denr for re,e,uch, .md current!\ \'il:~· prnn"t for re,c,tr h ,md gr,1d11atce lucatmn. Hr ,, ,11"1,1 pnife,",r llf ph ·,11,log1. The figure, 111 luJc re e.1rch con lucced h\ ,me med, ,11fo ulr1 l:-.1,eI ,u \'erenn, Ad­ mm1,rr,Hmn Med1c.1lCenter (1\here rhcre wa, ; I m1ll1on 111 re earch ,upporr for A ,raff who are UB fo ulry). TI1e figure · for such af­ f,btcd foculr\ ar Children\ wa, ·9 , 7 I and for rho,e ar Ruffalo C,cneral, 196. 310. The war\ wwl, du noi m lude, howcn~r. three c.ucgonc-: I) R fa ·ulr, affd1,1tcd \\ 1th Roswell P,irk Menum ,11 ln,tltute, where • 2 million w,1' ,pent, much of it h Medical hool-,1fftl1accJ re,ear her,. 2) The I lcalrh- ',ire ln,rrumenr, anJ Device, In. tirnte (Hll I) which expended 432,214, 111 research. More ch,1n 4 per nr BUFFAID (PHV$t¢1ANI of Hll)I' re,c.ircher MC MeJic,11 ch,,.,,I t,1v uln·. 3) In munonal m,rn:hmi:: tun I . F11·c 1>urllf the nmc L'111l'er,1rydcr ,1rrmenc, \\h1ch expended mllre th,m ;1 m1ll1on were lcJ1 ,11. hn,11dep.1rrment , ,, ,rh the depart­ ment, of 1•,11c111e(;3 .2 5 mrll,on) ,md Phy,1011,g\ (;2.43 million) topping 1h • It t for rhc U1111·er-it\. Ocher, ,p~·ndmg m·er $1 mil­ lion were Pcd1amc, ( I. 7 m1ll1on), 81ochemi,try ( I. 53 m1ll10n) and M1crob1ol­ ogy ( ' 1.66 m1ll1on). ( rher ,x,I dcrarrmcnr, ,pend mg O\'Cr rese,trch were: A111phyv 96);:, ,al · Pre1·ent11·e 1 al ·c,c Mcd1cm ; Pacholng\ ( 444,2-H); Ph,lrmaco o crapeunc, ($35 ' , 59,); Family edi me 3 , 9 5); P,ych1arry ); Anacom I ,en es ( 265,667); ed, me ( 4 49), ,md uri;:ery 96). Federal agenc1e, wcr ,rill the pnmaf) IH, , F and che source o( ~upport, with Health Rc,our e, dmm,,nm,111 pnw,dml( the h1ghc,t amounr o( fund . . • 051 6 �24 HO PITAL EWS Children's starts international project T\ cnt\' lllllnth ,llt<·r ch,: proJl'ct ho:, ,111'<' 1>ff1c1.1l. rho: lncanat11ir1.d ln,n­ tuCl' lnr lnl,mt 1 'utnt11>n ,md l,., tro1nt~,nn,1I [),,,,1 ,: .,t (. hi!Jr,:n' I lo rtC,il of Rutt,1111 h,i- h<'<'llm,llll!Ur,Hl'I. • '.1t1on.1I, 1111..:rn.111,m.il. ,m I h ,11 dig• llll.trll'' 1111nl' I \\1th Dr. Em.mud l.d ·nth,11, t,n111Jcrand ,hro: rnr 111th<· m,t1tllt<.:,r,1 cl.'lo:• hr.HI.' 11s,,p,·nmg on l Llnh,·r ~9. 19 5 &·· .rn,:, I rho: R pll\•1C1,m' o:tlort , Butt·.11,,1 nn\1 th,· w,,r!J-111,lo:co:nto:rt.,r rho: tu,11 .mJ 1rc.11mo:ntnt chronic d1,1rrho:,1,one: ul rho: worl,I', m,1j,,r killer, ,,t childrct undl.'r It\,: ,•.1r , ,kl. I l·bo:nth.111 d11d of tho: UR I)" 1,1<mi>f l ,,1,rrc,cnto:rolog1.m,I • utntwn ,It (. "hilJn:n' l I,, r11,1l,md ,1 rrok ,,r I rc<l1.llfll , Tiw ln,t1t1110:\1,1, m1,k !'(' ,,hie: 1hroud1 ,I 1 m1ll111ni:r,1nt fr11m 1hc Un11<d 't,H<.:• Accnq for lnto:m.m,mal l11.'vdurmo:nr (Al[)). I In 11.:1,mI c1.1lir- from 15 mmtn~, worlJ11,J._.h.11·.-,1lr<•,1,I\hccun rr,11nmgm tho: rnJ, of mt.mt 1111tri1i1>n ,mJ l!,1'tromco:rnul J, • c.1,: , pl'c•h~ 1111chronic ml,1nt d1,1rrho:.1. 1011,n Th, in,nrnto: 11 tll ntkr ,1 nc11 ,l11110:11 m~,lic,tl rl.' o:,u·h ,mJ th<·11ppc.1rt1m1t tnr hil• drcn' Ho,r11,1I 10 r,1rtiup,1to: m rh, dul ,,I lo:l'd P,•Ji;un­ rr ,hl1:in I n ,m mt<·m,IIH>n,11 c1.m, tr,,m "under-,! ·vdll('l'1.I" .m,1 "l1:l'cl11p• m1( c,,unrric will l!,un kn,m l1:II!<'m I nh the dm, ,11,md h,1,1..:m,· ...,nc.111,ir, ,,I nmnci11n,1l .111,Ipatlwphy 1oloc1c.da r 'LC of mtr.Kr,1hlc dw l,1s:.1Iho • d1,irrhc,1111mf.lllC\', In ,1Jd1t1<>n, r1t,1Iwill ,Ill ,1 rho:hl.'.idquarrcr, for o:,·._.11 ,1,11c1.1rcd r1:,l.'.1rd1cl.'ntl'r In .ired m: L1m,1.md Aro:1.ju1r,1, Peru, ,·urah,11,1and P1lcmh,1ng, ln­ d,ml',i 1; R.mckok, Th;11l,md; .md Du.11.t, c.,mo:roon. It \I ,1, c 11m.1t<·dh, the \Vorkl I lcalth Or­ cani:.mon rh.n m 19 4, lt1·c m11l1onc.htlJrcn undo:r rhc age of f11·cd1cJ lrom rhe r,1,·agc, of inalnutrimm .mJ dchydr.nmn. Tht.! c uhli,h­ mo:nr 11i.rn mtcrnat1,m;1( no:rwork of ccnrl'r will pnw1de th<· 1ntl'rchang,: of id •,1, .mJ Ill• do:pth ,malp,, of tho: mtcractmn uf m0Jul,1ttn1! f.tCtor, of mf,mt nucnrmn. Dr. Lcbo:nrh.11, hildrcn' Ho pn,11,md rhc 0 IJr. Emanuel I..•bcnt/1al UR ()1\ 1,1011,,t (.,,1 troo:ntl.'rol,,g, .md , '111r1t11>n( m rhc l ·1.,rcmcnt , t Po:d1Jtr1<) h,ll'l' hccn unll'l:r ,1lh rec.ml<.:l m rho: cn·1 "<•,mJ l'C'l',\r\:hol chi pr,1hlo:mIm thl· r,1 t ,,x )'<,Ir • Tho: All) cr,mr 1, rho: re:ult of ,:, tl'n 11·<· o:tlorc l:,y <.,mcr,· ,m:in ),tLk !<1:mp mJ 11.1, o:n11>\ cJ rho: '"l'I ,,re 111rlw l.'nt1ro: 0:11 Y,,rk <.oncrc 11n,11 Ide •.m, n, r,1rt1 ·11l.irh 'o:n •· tor , I 1\ nth,m ,mJ n -\111,11, , 111J Con­ crc ,1110:11 L1F,,kl' ,11\J ,,11,I.:. Dr. l.,•hcmh,tl cn·c, 1, ._.,l1111r-in-ch1d ,11 tlw Jmmuil of Ped, rr11.t,.i rr11rntL'T11lo(!}and , 'umcwn. The I.' t.1hli,l11ncnr I t rho: c,liton,11 I 11rJ ,,t rho:Jo11nu1/,nuJl· up , I ouc,r,m,lmt: ._.r ·rt, m th<· ho:ld trom ,ill ,1ur rhc wnrld, \1,1 Jttl' co h1, dlort, ,md m111,111un. In ,1dJ1r11,n,rho: Jd1mm·c rs th..K1k m tlw 111.'kl. Tnchook 11/limm>..'1Hcrnl,IJ:', and, ·111nun11 m /nJ,mn. 11,1, u>mptlo:J m chi J1,·1,1<m,Ill,! <' lire I h I 1. l o:h.c nth.ii. Tlw h.,ok, .,uch,ir ~ h, nwr<' th,m IJ.) 1 ur-t.mdm!! .111thurlfl<.: , 1 • Eleven named to ECMC board E lo:wn .1pp,1mtml'nt , mdudmc th.u R 1·1Co:rr •sidcnr .md l\lo:.J1C ,1l ol 'd,,,,,I d.:,m John, mghr11nto tho: hrst h.i.1rd 1>fman.lC<'r, for Enc C.11unt\ Med, ·,1! Ccnrcr h.1, h.:o:n ,mnou nccJ h1 Eric C,,unc1 ~. o:cum·,: EJw,ird Rmkow,ki. The appmnrcc,, onfirml.'d hy the Lo:g1,larurc,mcluJc rcprc,cn• BUFFALO H v A N t.it1\·c, 111 tho: h,,mc" comm1m1tv, l.1h.,r 11111,,n,,,m,I c,1mm1mir ,>r!,!ani:.mrni-. Th<' ho.ml pf m,uuccr, ro:,ult.:d from rho: rcf)l>rthv ,1 12-mcml-,sr t,1,k t1,rc1:that 11,1, ••r · p.unrcd m I ) ·4 h\ rhc Counn· l.o:c"l.ttur<.:t1> rL'1.nmmc11d ,1 turnr<.:d1rcdl\lll tnr rho: Mo:d1t,1I ( ·._.nro:r.Tlw 1,1k tnn:L'met wo:d..ly1wer ,1yo:,H• l11nt:p,:noJ. It, mcmho:r II o:ro:rccommcn,11:d t,i tho: Lcc1 l.11url.'t.,11,,wmc ,1crl'o:nwnch- th1: .md L •casl,uur<.:lc,1Jcr,h1p. Count E ,'<lltl\'l' 11 .1, dl.',1!.!ncdro hL' h1p,1rr1,.m The comm1110:o: ,m,I w rcptl'' ·nr rhc , ,mmurnt\. Mr. Rol-,o:rr ( 'k•mo:ntl.' it Ern,c \\'hmno:\ C,1J1,ult,mr, ,._.n·cJ ,1, t,ll il11,1rnr,,t rill' t,1,k hir ·;:. Cro:at1Pn of chc hoard of m.mago:r,.11,1, ,1p­ pn ,\'c,I h1 n 1cr, an o\·<·mhcr. 19~5. H\,:, ,t till' ll<'Whoar,l mcmh ·r ,lrl' mo:mh,•r, .,f the <·.·1,1mcml.'dic.11'l'ntl'r t.1 k force:. Tho:\ ire: no:11h.,,1r ILha1m1.1n,1'l \ m Sull1\·,m. 1·1<;,• ha1rm.1n of rho: h,l,trd 111 "-e1 B mk; new 1·1u· d1,11rm.m,M,11'\Anno: R11111.mm1 ,k1, ch:i1rm.m hu p11,1!\ ,t,11'1,,ir\ h,,,ir,l; ( try Ju,lc<• ul ti,._. I' aul Fn,:110:m,1, nc11 ,,:no:t,lr\, (,o:n<.: d,1m,, h,·.1J ,,t th,• R1ildmc Tr.id..: Coun ·ii; .md 'R VJLc Pro:,, knc ,1ughwn. Al ,. [)r j,,hn Armcna.1, .m ,,phth,1lnml­ lll.!\ ,mo:n,lirn.: t EC, IC Jncl dmJC,11prok, >r of ophrh.1lm, ,I,•!.!\,J.11nc,(.., o:nnn,i, a Rutl,1111 hu,mc--m,111,'J 11 iii<•tl'otn , ti,rnll'rd1rl.'<.:tor,,1 '; J,11110:, \V,1J \lnrth, .1 >u,11'l'l'I Ill:' .H EL!'--1<. l111ver; E. l\·t..:r Ru<ldv.<.: o:u1t1\·,:\'ic· rrc,1• ,IL'nt ,md ,1hum.111re,,1urcc, ,ml ·11mpurcr<.: • pat ,It Ciukh,ml.' R.rnk ,md Daniel A ki:r, rrc,1dl.'ntol tho: Buffa!,,(. hapt<'r, NAACP. • (From ECMC Update newsletter. Dec 1985) BGH announc new program B._. 1 le, rhc Paricnc-C.onrrnllcd An.1!­ go:,1,1Program, de, nheJ m the ,1rt1dc ,1h..1111 111:1\,me,thc,il1log\' dew lnp· mcnr, (,,:,: rag,:, 5-7 of thi, '"uc), cwo nrho:r 110:11 rn1J.:r,1m,ha, .._.ho:o:n,mnuunco:d h\ Rutt,11,1 <.,en •r,11Hn,r1ral. ■ A Rd11.1hilu<11ion !G.:ronr11l111. T\ rue, a 2 -ho:d u1111m thl' new Twin Tuwcr. It, goal i, to .1s,i,r cldcrh ,md di ahlcd pa11cnc, ,mJ tht.!1r �25 R habilitation C nt r rec i e major grant t.imilie, m .1 l.irt1m: r,, .111 ,1lrere,I lit..,f\le .m I to return 1<1the c,1111munir, ,1, mdq enJl·nrh ., l'<h ,hie. Th<' mul11-d1,c1rlm,iry team em• rh,1,1:e, rhe c,,nc,•rt ot ,dt c;1re w11h r,1t1enrs t.1km!.( .m ,1.:t1,·e role· 111 1 l,mn1ng .mJ 11nrle­ mentmg rlwir ''" n c,1r,·. Th.: T\\ 111T,,wer ,, rh.: reLenth Llllll('let ·J ,1 lditll>n r,, th• H11.:h , rreet f cl,rir,1I. ■ Ph,,1.;1{111 FmJ.:r,,1 n.:,, c11mmu111n·,en·1ce. rr,,\'1Jc, n.unc .. 1,I Ir· ,c, ,mJ tdcrlwn.: num­ her, ,,r R<,H.,i-,,, 1,1Ccdd,,uor, w l'n,1hll' c.11ler w tm I ,reu,1lt\' nw,lic1I ClTl', • Grant extend Ro well' cane r rv1ce information R n wdl Park ~km,in.11 In-mm.:' C.mcer lnf,,rm.mun .::l'r\'icl' ha, been .11,,mleJ.1 ·7 l.470wnrr,1·rfwmrh.: ,m,m.il ( ancer In,rml{e ( 'Cl) ro onnnu orcr,mon, rhn>u!.(h . \"·l'mber 15, l 9 9. Th.: ·ontr,Kr urrxirr anJ m.unt.1111, rhl' wll-frcl' tl' ll'rhune ,l'r,· tel' ,1 h I h, r,, J,ne, h,1, hrout.:hr nmeh, ,1 cur,m: c.m er mtomurum rn 11\t:r I , l , l'II Torker,. The Ro,well Park ,er, 1cl' 1, r,ut of ,1network of ' 'l-funJeJ re!.(11m,1I,,tfice, thrllugour the Uni red ,·rare,. E t,11-li,hcd m I976, rhe ernce h,i- taken ,111 111cre,1sm!.(numher of c,1lb ea h ye;1r, rc,Khmg a reak ot 17,9 I 11119 4, ,1nd lot.:i,:mg1r, l rhcallon pnl 17, 19 'i. E,1·h d,1\', rr.uned coun •for, .1n,w ·r qrn,,­ rnm, ,m ·,mca rre\'en11on, dl·tect11m, and treatment. " ur oumelors are not ph 1,1c1an,, med,md therefore :lomit give owr-the-phone 1c,1l ,1J\'1ce or c.111cer d1agn11,e,," ,a,J Ru"ell 'uanJra, J1rect,1r llf the R,"well Park ,er\'tLe. ":ome of the que tllln, we r~pte,111) h,111Jle deal ,1•1rhh,m w qulC ,mokmi:, how en h,mge ,ml'\ J1er, wh,1t cancer urron gwur, ,ue ,l\'• ,11h1t:,lc(ll patient, ,mJ their tam,lie , whert· tt> go for a c,111cer , r ·enml( exam111,1mm, how to 1d nt1f · can l'T w,1rn111g,11.(nak .mJ \I hat cancer rre.1tmenc, .ue hemg u eJ ft1r ,re 1ft1, an er.. The ( ancer lnf,1rm,1rnm 'ern e oper.1te, during ofhcc hour, and I co-,pomorcJ by R,, • 1,ell P.irk and the Am •nc.111 ',mcer .::o 1ec,, e,1 York tare anJ e,tche,ter D1vismn,. • ti A t\Hl•\l',1r, 4'il ~ i:r,tnr h.1, l:,een 111,tr le,I r,, rhe Chikln:n\ I h"p1t,1l Rd1.1btl1t,1t111n ·nr r c,, ·,c,,l li,h ,1 rellow,h1r T r,11nm-! rmi.:r,llll 111ne\'el,,pmen• ul Di,,11-ilml',. Th.: Pr ,i.:r,1m, 111,11rurc,IJuh I, ,,J,reLt ·d h l"lr. Rohen E. C,><.,kl'.pnik ,< r ,mJ cha1rm.111of ped1.11nc .,, wdl .1, re '1.1tn­ L1,111•111-d11cf ,111I me Ii ,,I Jirt:Ltnr pf thl' Reh.,b ( ·nter ,,t <.h,I lrcn\ H,isr1r,1I. Dr. lkm,1rd H. mith ECMC honor Dr. Bernard Smith T ht En Count\ ~1e 11·,,I Center ,! •die.ate I the [)r. Bcrn,u I H. '1111th u i1ton11m "1 tnber 24 Junm: cert·· mllnie, helJ llt1t,1Je rhe l 1 -,c.11 uinkrl'IK<' the.Her. The ,Ill lttonum , n,1me I t,ir [ r. :mlfh. ,1 UB pr,1k",1r of lll'lm1lng\' ,111Jlm.'ctllr ,,f the P •p,1rrment llf eurt1lllg\ ,1t rhe llll' liL,ll center ft ,r ,1 quarter ·entur\, from 195) tu !9i9. lled1eJnn ).1nu,1r, 27,195. Km 111n f,,r e,tcllence 111re,Khmg and p.111ent tfl', he \\,1, n,1mc,I ,,ut t,mJmg te I her h\ rhe !9ti5 ,cn111r cl.i" of the UR hoof t1f 1'1l' liunl'. He ,11"' ,1ttr,1Lte,I ,1 h1rge number of re,1Jent, rn tr.11n 111neun ,l,,g\'. Thrnugh re,e,uch, he a,kleJ 111,1ghtinto rhe treatment nt uch li,e,1,e, •" cen·1 .,I ,r,111J,·l,is1 , eptlep v, and other lll'Un1l,1g1·.11JN>r• fer . He w,1, .1urlwr ut nu1m:rou, publicatmn, m th<' h •IJ ,,f neurol,,gy. Three of h1, cc. tl-innb ,ire u,e I .1r nw,ltc,il ,chool, thniugh• our rhe u 1u1HT\. , tr, .. 'm1rh un, etleJ ,, plmrogr,1ph nf her l,1te hu,b,md ,1lunt.:with ,1pl,1que \\ hu:h re,1 I : "Ph"lsK1<1n, Teacher and "chokzr UB Prof.: ,f '.:11mlr1~ar EC\1C 1953-1979 ,;r Hr, Jcdi.:<11.:dl'Tl'lc'l' 1,1 chi!<IT!, \ ·1c1Kl' ,mJ /mtdlCl' oj nc11rnf11,1,,:.• m,f,1red,1 gcncnuwn oj ph.. 1cum, w ,rm c fur <'\tdkncc " • BUFFAID C ,.I&.J I p H y s I '" York The i:rant, m.1 le p, '"1hl · h rhe r ire )ttt 'l' ,( , t.:nr.11 Rer 1rd.1uun .111I l ,·­ \'Cl, ,pm,·nr,111 1,.1bilml' (O~!R[)[)), ,, p,trl nf ,1 ,r,11e-\\ 1,le pru1ect 1,ht<:h will h • h,N' I ,It 'l'\·er,11 meJ,ul unl\·er 1tll''· rthur \Vl·l-b, Ill'\\ h .1pp,11111e I L lll\[111 ,1oner ,if l )~1Rnn. u111,lu,·1nl ,t l'ne, .. t rl.111n111gl'' 1011,"hKh le f tll rhc ,1rrn l\ .,, l •f [,l[C ,upr,.irt tPr the Tr,11n111gPn,gr,1111. "Thl· rur1 ". pf thi, rrui.:r,11n ,, {ll 11Hl'Tl',t I pn:p.1r • phy,,u,111 t.,r t ueer, 1111,,,rkmi: 11uh the ment.1111 rerarde,I ,m I ln·elopmen­ r,tlh ,l1 .,hie I. 1,·,rh th,· 1nren11, n th.11 thc qu.,J. 11, ,,t l,lrc ,1 ill h · 1g111t1c,mtlv 1mpt1l\ e I," ,rare [)r. Ct111ke. ,111 The i:r,mt en,1hle, rhree re,e,1rcher , ,111,,f ,1httm h.1d e,pre, · I 1ntt:rl',t in rh, .Ul',t. to b,•gm 1r.1in111i.:lul1 I. E.,·h rh,,,u,m "ill fl',. ·l01 .m 1mr,.,runr ,1rea of 11we t1i:,mnn an,I will e,rend th,, kmm k,li.:e r,, , ,mnu ..:enter mn,h-eJ in th1, prui:r 1m, mcludmg LIR, SLho,ll 4, the Reh,1h l 'enter, \Ve r .:'enec,1 De\'elopmenr l enter, J. . Ad,1111[ l',·el,1r­ ment.1l C..enrer. ,mJ G •nc, ,1 lTUgg , ,mmrer­ med1ate 1,,1refo iltt\ for the menr,111) ret.trdl'd. l'liegll n.w,,ln,. 1\.1, n., clina:.1I m,m1ct,1r Ill pe,liatn . "111 onccnrr,1te h, ctt,1rr- ,m the ,1re.1,of c,1rdlll\,1, ·11l.1rI roblem, ,mJ the .,i:mg menralh r ·wr le,I popul,mnn: M,11H1 Ll•e, M. l)., will t,,cu ,,n reh,1h1ln,1t111n ,md the mcJ1L.tl man,1g ·mcnr ot ynuni.: h1I lren, .111I [ el-il-1e Korwm, 1',. 1.[)., cli111c,1l•'""r,1111 m­ ,rrucwr m rcdi.im · , 11tll 11we,ng,1te l',H, 1w, ', ,md thro,11 rrnhlem in Lle\'Cl11pment,1II\' d1 .ihlcJ p.menr,. ~fah,1el ~1 ,11!, ~1.[ ., "h" 1 Imm John, lfopkm,, 1 co,1rJ111,1tnr 11f rl1L' progr,1111. A muln-d1 nplm,1~ ,1rrwach "ill be t,1ken �26 I-IO PITAL EW m the program, which will cover a wide r.mge ot unu,u,11 pmhlem, m the Je\'clnpmenrally di,,1hlcd. lnvohed d1 1pltne will mcludc dcn­ t,11; ncun logt ,11; pharmacologt al; mtemal, family and physirnl medic me; g,1,trncntemlog1 ,11; p. ych1,,ml; genamc ,md generic. Th,, ,pc ifll focu, ,in ,uch d1 or 11.'r,i, expccced t1> dr,l\, attennnn en the ,·am1u, unique need of thc,e p,nti ·ul.1r p,menc,. "By imprn\'mg chemet1cal ,mJ clinical tr,11n111g,we hope tn 1mpro,·e the qualtt)· uf care. TI11, i, the fir,t org.m1:ed effort ro provide tr,11nin1.:tor phy,1c1.111,,and it 1 our intcntmn tn re ruit mire phv,1 i.m, hy creaimg a ,ming mterc,1 through residency progr.11n,," e ·pl,11n Dr. Cooke. The Pr1igr.1m' ulr1marc eo,11i, to ,1chieve ,1 h1eher level of 1..1rcthmuehou1 the ommun1n for Jc\'el11pmcnt.1llv J1,.1hled cin:cn . • Law on head RPMI' ho pital T he C\\' York care Department of Health ha appointed Mr. Rohcrt E. Law on a. hospital dire wr at Roswell Park Memorial lnsriru1e. Mr. L::W'<lll will direct and coordinate all a,pc t, of hospital management at Rt swell Park; develop y. tern, to 1mpro"e the quality of care n.:ce1ved by panent,, anJ develop a tanagemcnt A uon Phm which , 1II1Jenr1I\ goab for the 1mutute's ho,pnal. During h1, 25-year career, he has played maior admm1,cr.m,·e role, at the Pre,bytcnan­ Univer icy Ho . p1tal (Uni\ er..icyof P1mburgh); Dehrnare Ho p1tal (W1lmingcon Medi al enter); Temple Univer 1t} Hmpirnl, Ph1laJelph1a; Health Care Facilmes at the Unl\·er-ity of Medicine and Denuscry of ew Jer cy, and most re nrly, at Pre,byrcmm He,1lth Re'>l1urcc, In . , in cw York '1ty. • (Repnnted from the Chddren·s Hosp,tol Newsle er. "8ombno1 Outpatient clinic car for alcoholic T 1i help combat the growing prohlem of alcoholt,m, Buffalo cner,1I I lo,p1t<1Ire cntly e,rahl1,heJ an Al oholt m utp,ment ClmtC. nder rhe au.p1cc, 1il the Famil) Med1Cme Center ,md located m the ba,emcr.t of the ~acone,, D1\'I mn, che Aloholt,m linic\ m1 10n 1, to ,er\'e the Buf­ falo Geneml Ho,p1rnl Corporatmn and the ur­ munJmg commun1t). The dini i the hram­ ch1ld of Ellen rant B1 hop, Ph.D., vice pre,1dcnr llf ambul,1tor care and din1cal m trucwr lm1 al of p,ych1atry, and Freden ·k oolq, a ~l'tant pmfe, or of family medi inc. ~tn ti) outpancnc, the program opcr.ite. with two full­ ttmc counselor,. ~ erv1 e, indudc a· e,,mcnr anJ diagno,1,, linkage ,mJ rcierral to mpancnc treatment fa ,line .1 needed, individual and groupcoun­ ,clmg, educar1,mal ,md d1dact1c prescncanon,, and group thcrap) anJ comultatlnn. Th" fir..r pha c of rrearment, which la,t .ibouc five weeb, ,11 o include, brcarhalyzer ,inJ mx1cology ,creening to ensure clients re­ main ,ii ohol and Jnig free. 05/ 6 The seC(lnd phase focu,e on the "here and now" prohlcm, that rhre,1ten )bnetv. Br th1. umc, c.11·nt, lo. e their resi,rance and resent­ ment, admit their al oholt,m, anJ e.·pre" a desire Jnd con urrcnr ,1hil1t\ co remain 1hcr. ,mg a group appn,,ILh for adJe I upport, clients work through problem w1rh lamtl ·, pr11hlem, ,nth ,elf, .md the mild Jeprc"ion chat often a companies this pha,e of 1rear­ men1. The horte t trc,umcnt pha,c, .1frer-carc, ,rrc,sc, mamtcn,mcc. "By rh" umc the pers m ha worh,J through a \ ,mety of pcr;onal I sucs ,mJ ha, maJc a rremendou, aJJu rmcnt," Mr. Gary Bait:, program coordinator, noted. The clinic e,·alu,1te, whether the pcr'>lm can Jo with ut the ,upix rt of the other clients m chc group, ,1lrhough 1t nll prlw1des support and moniror pmgrc ,. A hallm.irk oi the Outpatient Clinic' treat­ ment pl,m "work mg with the Iienc\ family, ince interper..onal relation and famtl) dyn.im1cs are often involved m ,m alcoholic'. liic. It 1s nor um1,ual to ha\'e more than one ,1lcohol1c in a fam1h anJ about 70 per cent of ,1lcoholt patient . have one parent who is al ...1 an al oholic. • (Adopted from Buffalo General Hosp,tors "'Pulsebeot") BUFFAID ~.! --A- . Children' announc in--vitro fertilization C h1ldren' Ho,p1cal. in onjun tion wirh B, ha, announced 1t, fmr m­ nmi fcrtilmtt111n pregnanc . hil­ Jren' Hn,p1ral w,1 plea,eJ that rhe ,u e, c.1me carh in rhc ncw progr.im with rhc ninth patient to und •rJ,?othe procedure. The hn,p1cal' In-Vitro Program i, under the d1recuun of Dr. Abraham K. Munabi, re e, r h , si cane profes )r. Dr. . Jame~ hen, cl1n1 al ,1 i rant pmfe,.,or of gyn-oh ,lt B, 1,a member 111the In-Vitro urgical ce,1m at hilJren' HI p1tal. The In- mo Program ,lt hildren\ i, a popular and integrnl omponcnt of the llm­ prchen i\'e mfcmltty ,er\'icc, that the Dep,1rr­ menc ot G\necology and h remc provide, t1>the community. The fociltt) 1 unique m rh,1t 1t is eqlllpped rn cc. t ,rnd rre,1t both male ,mJ female mfcrtil1rr. ln-,·itro fcrtili:ation 1, ,1pm e.,.,of remov­ ing a w,,man\ egg, in the !ah, anJ fcrtil1:mg rhem w1th her hti-h,m I' ,pcrm. u e ,full tercili:ed ll\'.1,1rcrcimplanrcJ m the uteru,. • �27 TUDE Med School Talent Show BY BER ADETTE aralyn oram (' ) nckled rhe 1\'0ric . with Bill\ Joel\ "Rootbccr Rag" to enJ the e\'enmg. • Ml A N ation -wide med, al chool admi. ion, ,tu lie, have called ior the re ognmon o( a broader range o( tal­ ent in c,indidarc, applying to medical school. ,enc· maior, arc no longer the only favored candidate, now that ;1 broa J range o( mtere t, and talent. in the art and ,en e. 1. rhe new ideal. Here " one demon tranon of the UB Medical chool\ leadership 111th,, rren I: the 19 6 annual Talent how on Februar, I. F,r,t-year ,cudent Jonathan Bean and David Blau,re111 opened the ,how with their m inologue, "How to Be an Emcee," followed by ,l omed · . kit in which the\ portrayed rwo conrra ting medical tudent, 111rhe pro e,, of ne wrmng letter co rhe1r re,pect1\'e p,uent,. ,tudent t p1fied the "nerd" who eniov, h,, neurophy,iokig • cl,1, o much chat h • u,e ht Minolta amer,1 co photograph pickled bra111 ,tern,. The other ,rudcnt \HOtc home about how e ·cite I he is about the "nt e" girl. he mer on Chippewa rrect. A appella mger,, the Dermarone,, con­ tinued ,m old tradition h} performmg their l.woritc tune, "Blue Moon," and inm.ited a new one by inviting "any former Dermatone. m the audience to Join m ing111g ." The older members al,o donned ,unglasse while perform mg. M1rch Tublm {' , ) lln flute, Tony a['(Kellt (' '9) on guitar, ,md David BhnNe111(' 9) on a. were the mo whli performed " hord,," an ongmal piece by Mitch Tuhl111. apnvaring the audience with their piano \·irtlllNty were Arthur \Xle1'man (' 6) with hi, 111terprerntionot Brahm.' pu 79 and Marth,1 Pavlak, . (' ) with her performan e of "Toc ­ cata" h Khach ,uun,m. Ever,·one\ favorite ac 11mpanht Jo,ette T eus her (' 7) proved chat the piano wa not her onlv t,1lent. 'he jomeJ "H" Boy Elro ·." a rock-n-roll group better known a, Adam A hmn (' 7), Hliward ' r,1rk (' 6), ,md Jonathan Hughe . , ,1, a \'Oc,1li,t belting the rnnc,, "He.ir11,we," ,mJ "Tw"r · hour." The ,1ud1en e JlHned rhc band 61 dancmg on the ,rage floor. Kevin Kio ner win MAP fellowship D r. C. fa ·rett Koop, urgcon General of the L' .. PublK Health er\ ·tel', ha ,mnounced the ,cle non of B med1C.al,tudenr Kenn Kio ,ner n, nne ot the rec 1p1ent, of the I 9 '6 MAP 'ReaJer' D,ge,t lnternarion,11 Fellmv,h,p . Kl1i-ner wa, one of 42 ,enior medical ,rudcnt . m orth Amcnca ro rece1\·c the unporrnnr ,m .1rd. The Fellowsh1p provided .i tra\·cl grant to Kio ner co ,er\'e ,u a rural 1111 ,ion ho pica\ m a Third World count~ . \1 h,le q,Junteering hi, rnne ,ind medical m1m111gto fre4uencly understaffed facilitie , he al,o learned med,cme a, pra need under the difficult con ­ dmom oi the Third World . ~ tmlent~ wer ' ele red on rhe ba ,, of an excellent ,,cadem, ,t ,mdmg, per,onal de­ \'elopment, cultuwl adaptabiltt\', mnuvation, world c1mcern, Je ,re flir voluntar, · ,ernce, and a ,mcere mtere t in Third World mcd1 al m1' ,on,. The fcllowsh1p wa m,1de poss1hle by ,1 grant from rhc late DeWitt Wall.ice, founder of Reader' D,ge,r, and awarded under the au­ ,p, e. nf MAP International, a hn tian global he,1lth organ1zat1onin Brun w 1 k. G ·ur­ g,a. That agency ha awarded tr,wel gr,mt, ~mce 1971, to 1,000 student who have served m 6 3 develop mg countrie . • BUFFAID T"F. V s ~ N LS, b �2 ALLJMNI GEORGEHATEM Buffalo-born medical adviser to the Chine e will keynote annual pring Clinical Day T" rhi: Chm.: c, lw ,, the ''\'mm: lrom ,w.:r,c.1 " (thl.' rrnn l,mon ,,t h1, Chm.: l' n,1m.:, M.i Hai T ch); hi.' " rhl' vcncr,1tl.'J, no ... 11.'l(t:nd,ir) men ,m docror wh,, cnnquerl.'J \'enl.'rl.',1!J1,ea,I.', Jrug aJJ1unin .. mJ pri,-rmmon in the mo,r rorul­ uu councr,· in he worlJ. Tu chi.' Amenc.m,, h · 1, G ·on.:I.' H,1tc111, M. [)., rh1:Buffaln-1:x,rn Amenc.in ,on of pour Ld>.ml.' · 11111n1l(rantwho h1111,elt1111cr.irl.'Jcu Ch111.i 50 y.:,u, ,igo tu hl.'Cl>meche pl.'rsi•n wht1 "know more al:x,ut R,..J Ch111,1,mJ 1c, k•.1Jer, chan an\ lore1l(ner alivl.'" (accorJmg ru r.:­ noll'nl•d 1ourn,1li t Edg,1r ·now). I lar.:m, ch.: chief m.:d1 al adv,,or to che mamhmJ hm.:,e l(,wernmenr, will rerurn rn h" hometown to I.: thl' keynotl.' ,peak.:r ,ll the UB MeJ1L,il ,~chool' 49th Annu,11 Alum111 :pnng ~lm1c.1l Da\ on M,1\ I , 19 6. He " dearly one "' the mu,c f,1m1111s phy >Lt.in to \'hll B. Ruffolo May,,r J1mm1 Gnf in ha, de­ clarl'll that J,11 "Ul.'orge H,1tl.'m Day" and will prl.',ent him thl.' kl.'\' t,1 thl.' cay. " o orhl.'r namin on earth can makl.' rhl.' I.um ... that a riw venere,1I dise,ise ,md pw,rnutmn h,t\'I.' hecn completcl} l.'ra li­ L,Hl.'J ... anJ ,uh,c,mtliltl.' 1c." \Hite 1,1urn­ ali,c Lloyd hearer, 111a 1973 ParaJI.' Maga:me u1vcr ,tor,· al'l1u1 rl1l· fa mating dncror. I l,1tem UT\'l\'CJ ,ill the 11ar-wrackl.'J years of hrnral Japane, ... mvJ 100 and civil war ro hecumc rhe chief of wtf tif the hme,e ln,n­ lllte ot 01.'rmamlogy and Venere,1log}. nJcr hi, leaJl.'r~h,p, the ReJ Army wa, rrean:J dur­ ing th• 3(l,, and 4 ,. 'r.irting 111 l 949, rhou,,md, uf"bare fom ductllr. "or rarameJ,c Wl.'re rra ml.'d .ind ,enc ,icm , rhe ounrry 1dl.' ro ,camp out VD ,mJ ir, mob. Hi, hue,r pmJect ro crnJ,c.ue lepro,~ h<1, rl.'ducl.'d hat dhea, • hr O per cenr. The fir-t non-Chm.:,e m gam cin:emh1p m rhc Pe11ple\ Rcpuhli uf Chma, Harem "Je­ scnbeJ hy Jtmrn, lt,r hearer a, '\hon, stocky, harmmg, mforrn.11, profound, phdo oph,cal, and well rl.'ad." In mrerv1ew , he prefers to d, rn" h1 work r,1rher rhan him elf. (11.'orge H,Hl.'m 111.'\'a plannl.'d to go tu Chm,1 . HI.' h,1d no polmc,1I com llrtun, when he left medic.ii ,chnol. lnterl.',tmgly, he ult1milt<-'h ended up 111Chm,1 rarrl1 bec,ui,I.' of ,mr,-: ·mm,m m '11nh C,m1lma where hi.' went n, ,chnol. He w,1 dhcnmmared agam,c m high ,choul ,mJ colkgl.' 1,1.'c,llhl.'he w,1, thought to l,e Je\11,h. And he en ounrereJ LJlll>t,1,aga1n,t Jew, ( which .1pplied w h1111,1, .i Ll.'hane,e) 111ml.'d1cal , lwol, to which he ~pplied. ~o he de 1ded w gu ro he n1veNn of Gene, ,1 l\1ed1c.il :ch110I, w1t:erland, where hl' l',Hnl'd h1, M. [). in 1934. nee 01-...r­ ,e,1,, h~ Jec1dL·d to ''-''-' more l.'xonc cuuntnl.',. Tol(ethcr 1nth cwu y,1ung Je111,h doctors, he ,elec ed Chm,1 to le,nn ahnur w,irm weathL•r lli''-'·"''°' hec;iu .: hL· pl,mned cu rl.'rum ro prnc­ c1cl.'meJ1cme 111the ,outhern U . .:. U pt>n arm mg in 'hangha1 111 1936, he ,rem rime trl.',1tmg the pnli e and rhe1r pm,cirutl.' girl fnenJ,, mfecred with an 1mpre,­ \ll'I.' ,1rray nl 1·enerl',1l di. ea,e . h~1rch afrer, fa,, Ze[) ,ng w,1, ell.'ctl.'d he,1J of rhc Com­ mum,r Parry ,md l.'nr word ro ,'hangh,11 rhar hi.' \1•,1nred a "\; e tem-tra1111.'d dncwr ,md an hone~r Jou ma Ii r." Hatem 1,,1. .ipproached and convmccd of tht: Jc,perate nel.'d for h1 . er­ v1cc,. Alrru 1snc and advenrure oml.', he de­ odd to 1:11•1.' 1r a tr,. 'i</irh journali,t Edgar ' ml\\, hi.' rr.1n:lll·J 11l'erland, nl.'akmg through .imm,1h,t army \me, until c.ipturl.'d l:,ygueril1.i who brought them w ~hou En-L11 and l\,foo. H ... wa, nnl.' of only rwo rraml.'d rh, 1cians for the enrne Rl.'d Armv. Aftl'r survivmg the hi,ronc Long March ro Yen;m ,mJ many l:iattlt.>, Hatl.'m returneJ to hangha1 \\ hen thl.' ReJ Army rook over hma m 19-¼9. It wa then he cmh,1rked on hi, pro­ gram which changl.'d thl.' fact.>of Chma. hma wJ, ,n poor before the Ren1lunnn char parent~ ofcl'n ,nlJ rhe1r daughter ro hmthcl keepers m ordl'r to surv1,·e. H,uem t,,und VD v1rruall\ panJem1 , - I pl.'r cl.'nt ,if, hanghai t\ a ,yphilitic. ·'Fir,t," he rt.'latt.>d m ,m 111ten·1ew f,,r rlll.' oimcr-E.\/>rc" 111 1973 hy Uoy J ,'hl.',irl.'r, .. "they cln,e I du1, n ,111thl.' hri,rlK•I m the c1t11.' Thq· ,ep,ir;1ted clll.' mm.ul.', from rlll.' ownt·r­ ,mJ the pimp,, and 11rgani=l.'drhl.'m into , ·Mt· nu, group, fr,rl.'x.1111111,Hmn ,md cduc.1non. Thi.' girl, wh11 \\'l.'rl.' fnunJ tn l:,e mlc red - mnre than 9L pl.'r Cl.'nl - wne 1111ccred w11h pen1 ·ill1i1 ,md rhen pa,, ·d on for ,,1c1,il rc­ hahd1ranon. "Thi· w.i, d,me bl' g1,·111gJoh, tl1 thme who ha,1 h · ·n prthltturc, lt1r only ,1 horc pcmxl of tlllll.'. The lung-termer, were a ked to l.'ntl.'r Rel1ahihrati11n Center, where they were colJ: 'Y11u ,lrl.' not tl1 hlamc for ,,h ,1t h,1ppened to yt>u. Y11uwerl.' t 1ctmi- o1 rhe old ,ncicty. )nu ;m ,1II m;1ke new !il'e, h1r y,1ur,l.'1'-I.',.Yuu L,111 ,111I ·am to ,cr,·c other,.' " The girl, were then encourag ...J to recnunt ch...,r p.1,c 111''-'"'"n, where rhe\ could hcd th.,,r guilt. ,h,1111· ,md h,"11l iry, .,, ,1 -,uh.ir-1,. They wne raughc to r~;1J and wrne anJ then taught 1rnJ...,. "(,raduall1 rhl.'1r pmle ,md Jig• 111~\ ,1' hum,rn h •mg, were rc,mred," Hatl.'111 cnntmueJ 111 rhe C()Uflt'r mren 1ew. "On(e rhev were uired ,md rehahilit,Hl'd, rhe\ llere ,enc uuc ,1, nur. e , teachers, cll.'rk~. with rhe ,1ssurance char nc\'er ag,1111would rhe government rcrmit pnvert\ l' dn1·e chem llr rht.>irchi!Jren into pro,titll[ion." T hen H,uem set out w eliminat the l'icof venere,11 d"ease. He relared, "To lmd millions of V. 0. ca e ,careered through­ out the world's mo ·r populou, country alleJ for new m ·tho,ls. You ju.r couldn't bkx.xl-te . t 750 million people or whatt.'Vt.'r the populauon w , back then. "After mu h di u · 10n, we decided that we would have ro train a cadre corps for venereal J, ea c eradication, a group of people who would recogni:l' rhe symptom. of venereal dis1mis �29 ALUMNI ea e ,mJ ch,m!!e rhe ,1mtu le, ot the renple r,m.irJ it. ·•B,N ,11lvwe u,ed two metho I, rn find ,mJ tre,H V. D. One ""' the re ·hnic,11 methnd , r.1km!! ,ltde re,cs ,mJ ,o forth. And the other \\,1 the pol1t1 al merhoJ of drawin!! up .1que,­ tionn,ure ot I que,non,, .1 y.:, ,in w.:r to ,in, one oi ,, hi h wou Id ,ugge,r \' . D. "Thi, q11e,tlllnna1r.: \\ ,1, ubm1tt.:d to rhnu,.md, anJ thou,an I, of pe,1ple, ,1,kmg rh.:m 1t the) ,utkrt·d inim ,km r,1,he,, t,1ll111g hair, 1?en1tal ,ore,, ,md orher ,11?n, of V.[). ne 1112 who h.1d an,wereJ ye. to at least ,me of rhe IL 1ue,t1on, w,1, tound to han· ,yph1lt . The Tibetans ,mJ he Mongolian were the worst off. In m.m, of rhe1r mnn,1 . tene, that I per-im,111, mve,rig,Hed 1 t,,unJ anywhere trom (' rn 9 per cent ot the lama, mfo red with ,whil1,. "ToJ,1), \OU coulJ r.ib~ .i group ,,f Jer­ matnlogi,r, anJ , enerealog1,r. from ,my coun­ tf\ ,md let them go thn,ugh our m,1JnrChme,e citie, ,mJ wke our fir,t IOm1llmn people, and 1 J,m't rhmk the,'d (mJ one or rwo ca e, oi )phili ." Eltmmanng opium ,1 ld1 non w.1, less ·om­ plicarcd. H,1tem helped en mit1,1te ,md ,1J­ mm1,ter the n,1rc,1n program wh1 ·h w,1rked like rhis: An ,mnouncement ,,a, m,1de when Mao be ·,1me Premier th.it all nar one, dealer, would be executed 1f rher J1 I n,1t cea,c. Mn,t didn't bd1t·ve 1'1ao me.int ir, ,md ewcunnn, took place until opium ,ellmg \\a, \'lrtually erad1 aced. oing ba k to h1, pa,r, Harem fir~t thought of hecnmmg ,1 Jnct<1r a, an eight-year-old dur­ mg the great flu ep1de1111c of 191 . While he w,1, 111 bed with a he,t mfectmn, th mtt:rn, ,eemed brut,11, ,,hde p..1king h,1le, in him co leave drains. "'o I thought 'maybe if 1 become a dl tor I can do the same thing to them'," he wrote in a 19 ' 4 am le 111 lww Re ·<>n­ .,rrucc. His other ,cimulu, ,, ,1, co emul.1te an old Buffalo family pr;i t1t1oner whn never aske I for mone) and .a w his family chmugh all dine:• es. "He has been my life-long hero," he s,1id. At 13, Harem wa ,ent co , 1rrh C,1rolm,1 work for a Lebane e merchant bec,m,e his fam1I, nul ln'r afford to take care nf four hil­ dren . He became h1, high chnol\ valed1 to· rian and got h1, pre-med eJuc.itmn at the Uni­ versity of orch arolma, hapel Hill. After to Dr. corgc Hatcm: he helped stamp out VD in China. BUFFAID n,LL:-l ~ �3 ALUMNI le,wm g for meJ1cal ,ch oo l m Europe, he J1 ln 't return ro America for decaJe, . H i, 1<1't re l'nt . pmJCCt 1, to d1m111,1te lcpr<"\ 111 hm ,1. He re alls m the Covm>r mtcn ' 1e11what he founJ m 1950 when the RcJ Arm\ re,1ehl·J the la,t corner of South China. "Lepm,\ 11,1, l'nJem1 . The ,utfcrer wen : ,hunneJ. They were ,o mol'ed, 'll graceful. when we ta lked to them that the experience w,is memur,1hlc for the loctor , ,1, wdl. I latcm founded ,m ,1, oc1amm of Jnuor,, the Chma Lepm,\ FounJ ,ltllln, which npcneJ ,1 lcpr o, llntrol center. I le o rg,m1~eJ effort . 49th ANNUAL w lncace the leper, anJ with the modern lep ­ ro,y ure chat JevclopeJ, h 1, team reduced the le er popul ,uion from 500, 0 m 1949 rn l rnJ ,1i, mmcly 111i,olaceJ hill com­ mu111t1e,.Hi goal 1, w climin ;ne it hy 20 1 . Hare , , know, hat America cannot ,1pply Chma' method, w Je ,11 with tt, pmhlem,. But hts advice ro Americnn medicine is to put a much greater emphasi, on prevention. Ameri ca Joe not pnw1de the raft to carri out, m actually 11nplemenc, prevention pro­ gram,, he m,11nrn111,."Thi, 111a Clluntry that ,pend, ,o hugely lln medicine. If Chma haJ ,1 t in) fraction of those funds," he wrote ,n ,morher article 111 Chma Recon.:;tmcts (Feb. H,1rcm kept a very low profile durmg the 1950s anJ 60s because he feared hosnl1ry coulJ be directed at hi American rehmve,. ince ixon\ ino-American detente of rhc 70 , however, he ha, vi,iteJ the . . , the la,r rime 111Buffalo in 19 Today, with China marchmg ahead on wh.,u he de , ribc , as the final battle again t leprosy, he believes he can . till live to rea li:e hi, dream to eliminate lepro y by the end of the century. Thar will end his per,onal Long M,uch agam t di ea~e · that have plagued hina for millcnma. • Buffalo Marri tt Inn, aturday, May 10, 1986, Ballroom. 7:15 a.m . Rcgi,rr.uiun anJ Cuntment.il Bre.1kl.N :00 WELCOME , Ch,1rle, J. T.mncr, M.0. '43 rr esiJ.-m, Amcm:,m Alumni A,-..,ci,ullm John Naughton, M.D. [),:,m, Schnol ol McJi,mc .mJ \'Kl' Prc, ,Jcm 11,r Chmrnl Aft,m,, l! rnver tt\ at Buffalo Paul W . Wierzbienie c, 1.0. '74 Pro1:mm Ch.11rm.in SPRING CLINICAL DAY: ADVANCES IN PAIN :45 CONTROL, OSTEOPOR_, OSIS AND AIDS PAI :15 0 TEOPORO I 10: 15 PRE E TIO OF O TEOPORO l PROMISE A D PRO PECT Robert P. Hean ey, M.D., John A. Creighton Um ­ ,·cr-i ty Pr,,fe,-.., , Cre ighton Untn~r- 111·, Omaha, 1':chr.,,ka 11: 15 AID O TROL MA, A EME1 T Of CHRO IC PAIN - A 1 EUROLOGI T' POI T OF VIEW Jennifer . Kri~l er, M.O. '76 A,,N.1nt Prof ""r ol 'curolog\ C.,"' \Vc,tcm; Direcrnr, Pam C1:nrcr, Un1v-,r.i11 Ho,p ir~l,, Clcvclan J , Ohu, EVALUATIO D MA AGEMENT CO EPT FOR CHRO IC P I - PAI E TER APPROACH John C. Rowling on, M.D. '74 A,"-.:1ate Profow,r ol A nc ,t hcsiolog1· anJ D1recmr, Pam Man.t)?<'memCenter. Un1vcr;ir 1 of Vtrgtnlit MeJocal Center, Ch.irln rrew11lc, Virginia 9 : 15 Di cu~ston 11 :30 BlOL GY A D EPIDEMIOLOGY OF H M T -LYMPHOTROPIC VIR Bernard J. Poies:, M.D. A-.....,c1,11e Pr,,te"o r, Mcdtemc, anJ M1croh10l11gy, UH, ogy, yracuse., U Y ' "' York ; Ch ,cf. 'cc t 1onnfOncol­ r ,r,ue lcJ1c;1ICenter 12:00 12:15 Ru, me-., MeecmK 1:00 TO KTON KIMBALL MEMORIAL LE CHEO T RE A D L Honored Lecturer: George Ha1cm (Ma Hai Teh), M.D. 'mm Medical AJv1'l,r, MmMry Public Hca lch, Penr le\ Republic of China or 9 :30 Coltec 05/ 6 19 5), "she could run her medical crvice ·, preventive ,1nJ thcrnpcutIC, m grnnd . ryle." BUFFAID jPHY$r¢ i AN j �PEOPLE OUR SENIOR PHYSICIANS Dr . T erplan, Th orn and Rubin remain active (T hi the e nd in a profilin th car r , ac ompli h, ment and ad ice of veral not d U B ph icia n who till co nt ribu t to medic in and i t in to th ir late 70' , O' and ev n b ond 10 . W ha e profil d th e ind i, vidua l n 1t onl y to r o nize th m and their acco mpli hm ent , but m d I to mulat a w all ap, proac h the a e th at too man y ca ll th "r t iremen t year . ") CHOOL' REPUT ATIO ANDPATHOLOGYMU EUM AMO G TERPLA ' LEGACIE Q ualicy beget qualir . It wa the quality of judgement of young r. arl ori (lacer to becom a obel Laureat ) chat leJ him to recruit Komel Terplan, M.D., to B m 193 . It was the qualit), ofTerplan's original re­ earch that ontributed to the Medi al hool\ reputation m pathology. And 1t wa,, in turn, the quality of Terrian\ rec, ognition of talent that had him recruit cveral of the B medical luminarie who led the niver,1ty w prominence in 1.-,atcriok)gy ,md m1cmbinlogy. He attracted, for example, Erne . t Witebsky and Erwin eter to Buffalo, and that put B "on the map" in rho e fields. Thi di . tingu1shed tradinon that Terplan helped e tabli . h ha . continueJ rhmugh the attracting h re of ocher high! re­ spe ced med1 al ientbts, too many co enum rate. Dr. T erplan, 91 year -old, continue . to contribute his talent . to the me lical com ­ munity. He remain . th director of the Brain Pathology Lab at hildren' Hospi­ tal and ts con ultant pathologi t to everal hospicaL. In the Brain Lab whi h he ha operat d for 55 ea r , he i converting a valuable histo ri , l lega y into a Pathology u um for hildren' · Hospital and B. BUFFALO 'P Hv s1¢1 AN ) He i now halfwa · through cataloging the I 2 , 0 ltdcs tn th olle rion . Born in I 94 in Au . ma-Hungary, the emeriru professor of pathology earned hb bachelor' (summa cum laude) in 1912 from the Humani ti Lutheran G m­ nasium m Transylvania. He re iv d his M. . from the German ni\'er tt), of Prague in I 9 I 9, one y ar before rl on graduated from th hool. He tay •d there w be ome asso tare professor of pathology. "My first 11 •car. m the world­ famous patholng} department w re in re­ lative 1solatton doing re carch," he re­ late . One o( ht lei ure acttvities then wa mountain climbing and skung in th Ausman 0olomire . In I 9 3 , he received two 111v1tat1on ., one from Buffolo and anorher from "a very good univcr tt in Germany ." "I wa in­ terc ted in the rman po. irion and they liked me, coo." But the erman chair­ man, intere~ungl , re ommended that the young Terplan go to the .. "Bad times arc oming oon," he told Or. Terplan. That wa enough to change his 5/ (l �2 PEOPLE · 1/,,n mmJ, ,mJ ,u Terpl,m aLce ce I UR\ i1wi­ canon. "I wllulJn't haw hl',red lung 111 German) t>eL,llhe of Hitler. I would have left anywa). Be,, le,, I felr much more m hllmc reaching tn Buffalll than 111 Prague." Terpl,m hr, t>ecame krill\\ n for h1, re­ ,e,nch on TB, 1111riared111 Pragu '. Among hi ,everal do:en TB article,, the mo,t important work followed hi hllut and re­ covery mm che d1 ea,e 111 193 , after which he gatneLI internanonal attention r,y b ·ing rhe ftr,r to determmc and analy:e the parhogenc,i, nf recurrent TB in chil­ dren. T erplan rionecrcJ nm onh 111 TB, l ut also in Hodgkm\ d1,ea,' .ind rhyroi liti . . Ht, do:en nr ,o arttcle, on Hodgkin' Jis­ ea. e are widely quoted. H L proud of being wre earcher w1rh Witet>,ky on hrnnic rhyroiJiti an 1 aucrnmmuniz.1tion. He also did much of the hi rological work for W1reb,ky a, well a, for ,moth r luminary, John Talbert. Among ht, other achi vemenr,, h was: ■ di overer )f the detrimental effe c on the mtestinal tract ot anril:11ori -re,1v rant raphylococct, cau~ed hy overu ' of antihiori ,. 05.' t, ■ fir~t m les rihe exactly h 1w brain lamage in children with congenital hearr d1sea e can re,u Ir fnim carhetcri: , tion ,m ,urgery. ■ widely quoted for mtginal work on genetic abnormalitie, tri om1es 13, 17, and I . ■ one of the first to de cribe fatal hypoglycemia 111 children 1ue to in,ulin ,hock. ■ one of the in co Jc rihe chc cffe t. of laetrile intoxicati m on the hram, and ■ founJer of the Buffalo ociety of Pathologi~b. in addtrton to ht re . card,. Or. T erplan' leader,hip haJ a great ef e t on pathology 111 Buffalo. He w ,b chairman of B's Pathology [) partm 'llt for 26 year, (1934- 196) and hie parhologi,t for Children' and Bu alo General hospital ior 30 year.,. Dunng tho,e deca le,, he "promoted, with all of my treng h, rhe full-time ~y,­ tem, ,o that profe, or . coulJ dc\'ote their tim' ro teaching and re earch." H now pends on ·iderabl time pre­ paring hi pc tholog • colk ci,ln or thc museum. "Th ollection are large col ­ loidal ection . of frontal plane through BUFFAID A '< the hr. in. It i, very unuwal en find ,uch a high quality technique, which wok a tremendou, amount of labor by nw former techniciam and myself. I am pr,iud of thi, work," he exclaim,. He rem ,11n, a ti, e in other \\'cl)' , ',\\'im­ ming one-half mile twi e a week, "down fmm my 4 -year habit of a mile a lay until 19 3. "] al,o am \'ery interested in ,tudying h1,tory," he ay,, pomting our hi 19 3 article in Can ·a on th, L'niver tty of Prague's hi,tmy. To keep healthy, Terrian recommend , "It i, \'ery good not to neglect your hody or your mind. U,e your intcllc t all the rime a y >u get older. Get "alue out of tc ,iching and leammg from re,idenr,." Hi creed is " 'Men ana in corpore ·ans,' Larin for ' healthy mind in a healchy body.'" He al o empha i:e, that one ·hould "re­ tain your mdependent Judgement for whatever you feel i right - Jo nut ,ac­ rifice your principle, or join politi al alignment ju~c ro get ahead." mong hi, recognitions T erplan i an honorary profe, or or m rnb r of numer ­ ous univer 1t1e and st; 1etie. , b siJe lo al honor . But one of hi ml t mtn·ing mu­ ment came when, after year a a faculty member here, he was in\'ited to return to Prague to teach. B a ulty members quickly orga111zedand succeeded in k cp­ ing him here. In hi, u ·ual quiet , nJ ver) mode t man ­ ner, T rplan aiJ ,ofr l ·, "] wa, \'cry, very flattereJ." BUILDER OF NEW PHY ICIAN A D I TITUTIO D rs. orge W. Thom, 7 , and Mitchell Rubin, 3, repre enc in­ dividual who left legacie in the 111 tmmons the · founJcd or brought ro �33 PEOPLE Thorn\ devnc1on to future generation 1, medical ,ru­ mJicared I,} rhe over 5, denr, he rrain.:-d. More ind1recrh, he reared a medical institution which i· now one nf the mosr imp irtant in the country . He initiated one of the fir,t "health plans," or rnral health ,,pprna he, n} an a aJemi c hlhpi­ tal (Brigham Hospirnl 111 Boston). The ,uccess of rh.., plan made ir rhe hart,mger of wday' ·multi-specialty group pra rices and healrh maintenance plans. prominence; they al,o haJ an impact on medi al knowledge anJ the training o new phy i iam which will la t for into rhc future. They are men who have nor ,lnwed down in ol1tinuing their work in building in mutions. Following are brief profiles of the e two remarkable men (detailed pro­ files are m the Decembn I 9 3 and • ep­ tember 19 4 issues of Buffulu Ph)'siciun). It ould l,e ,aid chat mo,r American physi ian, under che age of 55 hav, sweated and muttered under their breach while . rudymg George Thorn' booJ... in medica I school. For he i, one nf the llrig­ inal editor, of che "B11:,leof Medictne," .~ of /nthe 2212-page Harrison ' 1 Pnnci/>le 1emt1IMeJicine. (He ,erved a. editor or 3 I year anJ wa, chief editor forrhe 1977, rh edition.) The 'B medical graduate ( 1929), now pm e,,or emeriru, at Harvard, nor onl} wnite the "R,nle," nut founded the How• .ird Hughe, Medical Institute, IT' Whitaker ollege of Health cien e, and the Harvard-MIT Medi al hnol Pro­ gram. Th' Hughe, edical In rirute, with 5 billion in asset- and an O milli on re, arch budget, i, now the large r harir ­ al le re earch mganization in the U . . While at John--. Hopkin and Har\'ard, Thorn also estahli,heJ rhe founda­ tion - of modern endncnnoplog an I metabolism, being re,ponsible for the ba ·ic knowledge about nrrisone, . teroid,, the adrenal gl, nd ,ind its Jisea . e~ that 1s now taken or granted. He pioneered , roo , what 1· believed to be the world\ fir.-.r organ mmsplant and brought kidney dialy,is to chi- country. Recngni:ed w1rh nine honorary de­ gree,, Thorn place . particular value on rhe honor be ·rnwed hy his alma macer, rhe UB Chan ellor\ Award, in 1946. "It is highly dc. irable, in planning for the future, w develop extracurri ular ac­ r1vitie. before retirement," h ' advi . c · his younger colleague. "It is abo e ·s•nt1al r,, pace one . elf after retirement an :I nor be disturbed by your lowering work capa 1ry." Thorn cncm1rage , "clini al in\'est1ga ­ ti,m by mor M. D. '. - I regret thar 1t 1s in decline. lmporrnnt Jiscm :eries arc u,e• le s unle . s arried into the clinic." Now, a. chairman of th' hoarJ (and former president) of Howard Hughes Medi al In tttutc and in other leader ·h1p pwit1ons in the Whitaker Foundatil>n and it Health cicnce Fund, he onrinue to aid new phy i ians and institutions by funding faculty and graduate tudencs at univer.,itt : , round the nation. He germinated one more mstirution, of ort - hi peconal arboretum. Planted in the 195 ' , the Thorn Arboretum BUFFAID c~nc TFl boasts orchards of fruit and nur trees .u Man hester-hy-rhe- ea, M,w,achu ctr,. There, h.:- is able ro vtsit anJ rend h.., planttngs at the p.i e he chooses. Wheth 'r 1r i:, his arboretum or hi· ocher insritutt on . , eorge Th nrn\ work 11 di unrinue tn bear fruit for many gencr ,1rions. D r. itchell Runin seem a~ a lerr , r_ launching new imrirucions atrer hi "retirement" as he wa at launch mg Children\ Hosrin I and LIB\ Dep ,Htmenr of Pediatrics to national prominence. He came to the niver~1ty from John· Hopkin . in 1945 a, L' B\ fiL t hill-t1me rm es or and chairman of pe liatrics. (He 1s rill an emeriru~ profc~sor.) The re­ hab1lirarion linic he esrabli~he :Iwas Ruf­ foIn'.- first and the ~econ I in rhe nation . He wa, "in . rrumcnral m changing LB to U Y by changing tt rnm a small lo al mstttutton co a cnsmopoltran and respecr­ able lm1,·er 1ty and me :l1cal school," ac­ cording to Dr. John Warner, former pre • idcnr of rhe Buff, Io Pediarn • o iety . His a a lcmic re earch cmrhasi . was �34 PEOPLE one ot the clement. that uplifted Chil­ dren' .md L'B' rcpuc,1cinn . During h,, nearly clucc decade, here, he man.1gcd t11 B. ,1rtrncr ;1 hmt of tine physi 1a11-.to covering l'\'Cl)' p ·J,arnc rcc1al1t\. And man · of hi former rudt'nt ntl\\' head pediatrics department tn three other cnunrric, ,1nJ at O'-' ·r ,1 dti:en import.mt mcrican u111vcr,1rte ,md mcdic.1I in­ stitutions. H, · cmph,N, on pcr,nnal research ,peciali:ing 111r •nal di ca c .md h,, ,Ill· choring tit d1t' l ,NC rdcrcn ·e, Pdu1111c ~1,hm/11~,-:,, led Dr. Philip Calcagno, d,,. rtngui,hl'd , ·orgcrown 111\"L'r it· phy i­ ci,m and flmner B prnfc or, tll mil Ruhm "The F,1thcr 111, 1o :lcrn cphr 1l­ BGH . og\ ." Tn rcmatn producnvc 111 one's l.ircr year,, Or Ruhm aJ\'1,L' , "l\.1amrain .111 ,1'°'llL1at1t1n\\ nh younger ph · tct m in ,m ·1 adcm,c environment . ever c11111• pl ·tel) rctir · from your profc 11111 - 'r •­ tn:.1d' yourself. Attend 11nkrcnce, \\ h,ch excite ynur ,1\\',lfL'nc,,, .ml cont1m1c rc,1J­ ing conrempnral)· i l ·a 111your f,clJ." L ,cl), "Pur uc .1 hobh\'." R11h111\hohhy i rhc , 1()l111.wh, h he learned to play 77 year ,1go, ,md which ,., still "played lnr 11l\ own 1111,1:cmcnr." leer Z7 vears at B, Ruh111 returned tll his ,1l111a· 111,ttn, the '111vcr 1t\' of Ch.u­ le wn, \1uth arolma. R,tther th.in 1,1k up the ,un, Dr. Ruhin ju,c re ume :I hi, tnstirution-huddmg 111,1 new locanon. luring h,~ "retir·mcnr," he e,nhli,hc,I the nl'\\ Children\ R1:h;1htl1t<1nun ·nrer of ~'ouch arolma. rc,1tcd th· l '" 1 1011 of Pc 1rnmc cphnilogy ,lt the ~1 • lie.ti Coll •ue ot ~nuth C..an1Iin,1, ,md foundcd chat .·care\ fir t Children\ Hn p1tal. no\\ un :ler c1 nstrucwin. the • men ·m1 Jo11m,1I of Children\ Di.\Cct5c:de cnl->eJ him, "he ha, nut re­ tired. He pmhahh J11c, nnt knuw how." • emerg ncy erv1ce Frank E. Ehrli h, M.D., ha, hccn ,1ppu1nrc l ,1 ,.. 1.1tcprok ,r pf urgtcn ,m I n,1mc I lire • r,,r < I emergen(\' mcJicme mJ tr.mm I en 11.e ,It Butt.1l0 ( ,encr.1I Ho p1t,1I. l r. E:.hrlich will hc,1J ch,• hu pn.11' ne\\ Iv t.•rmc,I l 'p,irtmcnc t•I Em.:n.:cn ) . 1•Ji ·111 • anJ ch.: , le iK,11 huol\ J1\'i,1un h rhc ,amc nam,:, unJer rhe L Fl I 'P 1rcm.:nt ,, urgcry. lfr \\ ill Jin~d l'r• \ ICc ,11 the re cnrh LrC,HN Immel, 1ccTr.:,lt• mcnt cnrcr ,lt rhe Pcac,mc , 01\"i ion. A, Flutt.110(,cncr.1I, Ehrl1(h will c. p.mJ rhc rr.ium.1 en Ke ,mJ emcn:cnc\ Jcp,lrtment. "I ..:on,i.:lcr ch, quite ,m oppt1rtun1rv," he rd,1te . "I ,,I I l1)(1 t.,m,1rJ to wnrkmg \\ 1th Dr. Le\\ 1 Flmc wh,1 1 1m,· oi rh.: pr.:m1.:r ,tirg 'on 111 rhe counrn." Dr Flmc ,, 1.:h.11nn.1nol B' l"kp,irrmcnr ,,f un.:.:n, hc.1Jyu,mere,I ,ir Enc Counrv . 1cJ1L.1I Center. Dr. Ehrlich \\ti( do-cl\ ·1)(1rJ11i.1r.:h1 dfort w1rh ECM ', which I rhc pnm.u, center tor rr.mm.1 rn,gr.1m J,:vcl, 1rmcnt,. 1 0!\'CNt) Ehrlich' •,1 xt,lt •J r · pt>n• ,ihdme \\ ill h · to c uhh,h .1 rc,1dcnq rm• cram Ill emcrcen y ml.Ji me. He rcc,1!,!n1;· . howe\'er, char "1c\ , ch.illenge t,1 ,t,irr up .1 ne\, re 1Jcm. progr,im m th1 time ol he.11th hudget ·unm!,!," He, rrre wtc, the ,rwng up­ port ,11Dr. Flmr. For B', meJ1 ,1I ,tudcnt , he ,um, to pl.I\ BUFFAID • crF::Y:m~~ .m .1Jv1 my wlc for tho ·c c,m,,Jcrmg cmcn:cnq m,>J1cme a, .1 c,ireer. Th.It J, ·•r­ ime I nm, rhe mo,r ,oughr-.1frer progr,1m 111 the ',1t1on.1IM,uch. "~fan· 8 alumni I ccome mrcrc,ted in emergencr meJ1cme hut unforrun.1tclv h;n-c tll le,\\ c rhc ,1re.1co pur uc their hclJ. Bur w1rh ,1 rc,1Jency program, we won't l,1 e chem ,1, olccn ,mce m,m\ will t,I\ or return," Dr. Ehrl1Ch e pl.1111. In rhe ,1re.1of eJucat1lln, he'J like rnJl·,·dop ,111de,n,·e m eml·rccncv mcJu.:me rh.ir ,, nor rc,mcre I to urgen. Currenth, he ,1 , there 1 onh ,I lourrh \'Car l'lect1\'c m cmcrgenq ur!,!ery ,If 1:nc ·ount\ , fcJ, ·.ii Ccnrer. n,1m e ,!I Buttalo, Pr. Ehrlu:h came hcre lrom the Lonem.mgh V.11leyMemorial H,"r•· r.11 111 John trn, n, Penn,\ Iv.mu, where he cn·cJ ,t 1.:h.11m1.1nof rhe Dcr,irrmenr nt Emergenc1 \1eJ1unc. He graJu.1tcJ Imm the UFI~ 1ed1L1I , 1..hool 111 196 3 ,mJ t:r\'l·,l m th1..· , ,I\'\ tor 11 ye,1r . H1..• \\ 1, J1,char!!ed 111 1975 ,1 ,I comman ler Ill th' '1\ \ , 1cJ1c,1l _:_,rp,. Ehrlich' prcv1ou ho,p1c.1Iappomtml'nt Ill• dude ch.ur111.1n for rhc [ •p,1rrmenr l>I Emeri,:cnc1 , le l1cmc ,It hoth rhe Church} I.is, p1t.1I C,,rpor,Hlt>n ,mJ r Agne Ho,p11,1I m B.1lt1m,,re. He h.1 hcen on the mcJic,11 (,icul• tll""' horh Penn ...'t.He,mJ T,·mplc nl\·cNt\. A mcmhcr of rhe menc.in Collei:e ,,t E:.m.:rgenn Phv,1c 1ans,' menc m College ot ur1.?eon, ,In I the Amcnc m T r.1uma ' ic1et\', Ehrlu:h .,l,,1 ~n·e, on the 1 '1t1on,1l Amcric,1n Colle1.?e nt Emcrnenq Ph\' 1c1.1m Tr,1um.1 '1mmmcc ,mJ rhc &1,1rd 1,t D1rc·wrs ,,t rhc Emcrgcnc · ~1eJ1c1l ~crncc ln,mucc. Hc h.1 puhl1 hcJ exren,11·el1·. p.1mcul.1rlv 111rhc .irc.1 ,11rraum.1 ,mJ emergency m,•J1cme. f\c,1Je, rerum,ng to Buffolo he ·,Hise , ,f rht· pmf.: ,1unal ch.1llenge ,if de\ eloping ,1 re,1• Jen I program .md e.·p,mJmg rhc rrium.i center, Ehrlich h,1J l>thcr re.Nm,. "Retummg w,1 m,1Je e\'cn more ,Hrr.1cci,e hc1..m 1..· I coulJ he part ,11chc ,1caJcm1c nu lieu that l'\'e .ilway~ re,peLtl>J, le will he cxc1tml,! to he\\ 1th peer \\h,1 were ,It one umc m\ mentors." (&side ,1rrenJ111c B\ :--.1cd11...1f ~ chl>ol. he ,p.:nc the hr-r ,e,uof h1, re 1denq; ,H Buffalo liener.1I.) He notcJ ,,ne more mor1vantm: "I al I like the <'f'pt>rtunity to 'cive h.,ck' ,,,methmJ.: to the ~1eJ1cal ' hool." • �35 PEOPLE TRAVELINGFrom page Dr. M. te\'CO Piver rccein:d the 19 5 Our­ tanJmg Teacher of the Year A\\ arJ trnm the ch,d rc,,Jcnt o the B Dcp,mmcnr of Ob,tcmc,-Gynccolog . Dr. Pi,·cr, ch1t:1 of clinical in·ocn1log1c oncology ,H Rl, well Park Mcmonal In mute .md clinical profe,,or of gyn-ob at the un1vcr,1t), 1,a honored fnr 11urtanJmg contnl->utuin rn rc,1Jenr education. He 1,,b ,11,o recently dccccJ , 1n·-rre. 1lcnr/ pre. iJent-dccr of rhc Enc C11unr1 nar, Amcnc,m C,mccr , o ,cry. • Dr. Martin Mango h,1. 1->cenn:-decrcd prc,,­ denr of rhe Wc,rem 1 'e" York , iety of ln­ tcm,1I Med, me for I9 5- 6. Al,o rc-dccted ,1, officer, wen.' Ors. R bert cheig, vice prc,1denr, Rajinder . achar, ,ccrcrary, and Khalid J. Qazi, rrea,urcr They ,ire all f,1culty m the Medi , I ~chnol\ DcparrmenrofMcd,cme. • 8 tracting hactenal diarrh ·a and are more likcl) ro ha\'e ymproms of diarrhea longer than if the ahdomin,ll ruhing ha heen left alone. Mot1l1ty an l emptying are fun­ Jamcntal host Jefemes of hiologic tubing su h a. the ga,trointe,nnal tra r. A ngi i tube with poor peristalsis and slow transit of inrralummal content: allows for the prolifcra~10n of even a small inoculum of toxin-producing or in\, s1ve ba tena. Re­ duced ga trrnntesnnal motilit') may pro­ long the illne h') allowing 111\as1ve ha teria ro pmlifernte, attach, anJ imade the mu o. a nther than hurr) ,ilong and out. Diarrhea arrears to he a healtli) cleaming response. To mhihit with meJicanon the increa ed mord1t') rcsulnng from rhes' in­ fections Ola) wm en, nd prolong the prob­ lem. Furthermore, the cnterutoxin­ camed traveler's diarrhea i. a rc,ult more increa ed intestinal motility from mucosa! irritation h\ pathogenic organism,. It i. usual!) a hort-lived, not infrequenrh wcl omed, nui . ance tor those who are traveling nght. Bec;rnse o many dmrrh a-cau:1ng ha teria have hecome ant1hl(lt1cally sophisn­ c.ued, he ause Cehem1calcorks may ha\·e di. turhing ill effc ts, .1nd hccau e tr,ll'el­ ing tight can lie iusr plain un omtorcable, it would seem prudent for ph •:icians to re ogni:e rhe d -letenow, a,pects of Amer­ ican howel anxiety. Avoiding had water ,md 1mpmperi) prepare I food 1, goo I cnm ­ mon sense . Attempting to avoid rhe vast horde of nom1al gasm,incestinal bacteria i · not even quixotic, JU. t foolhardy. I think 1r 1s far l:-,etter to educate the 1111mune ,vst ' 111 of the gut mucosa and to maintain a health , nmm , I flora, than to utter the agonie of tr,n·eling tight. • Dr. John aughton,, KC pn:,1dcnt torclm,~ .tl ,1tt,11r,,md dc.m ot the B 1cd1 .11Schcd, ha 1->cen.1pp,11nrcdtll ,1 c.ir h committee ro ,elect ,1new d1recwr for Ro well P.1rk Mcm11r1.1lIn rmuc. Buffalo, b1 ,r.irc hc,1lrh cornm1,­ sioner D..w,dAxelrod, M. D. Dr. John Wnghr, di mnun .md professor of parh1,log\, currcnrh • ,ervc, ,1 ,l ring d1recr,1r ot rhc ln,rnure. Dr. Robert Gille . pie h,1 heen n.1med ,1 UB protc"or ot 11rrhop,1edic urger\ ,mJ al,,1 he,1J ot the Dep,mmenr of rth1,p,1ed1L ,H Chil­ dren\ Ho,p1r.1I, Buft,1l0. Dr. Gille pie come, to Butta lo from the H,1 p1tal for _ , k Children m Toront11. • . ffalo, n-cene C rl , \ I (,u l BUFFAID J PHvS 1 C1AN j a o f. L5 ( �36 Ron.Id . Young (M'65) • \\ii' ,1r1.imrcd 111 J,mu,ir\ \' Prnfc ,r mJ ·h 1el of dw [)11'11011 of eun,-urt:<'r\ (l cp.1rtml·nt ,,t urgcn) 11 rh<· Ill\ ·r,11\ ot ('.1l1t,,mi.1, lr\'111· ,m ldirntor11f ch..-r..-,1JenL\ tr.11111ni.: pmgr,1111,H the . . Irvine McJic,11 ,enter. 1-1..-\\ 1, f<1rmerh pnifc""r of neuro,un: 'f\ ,lt rhe UCL .'Lhnol uf M..-d,cme ,md ch,ct of nL·11r1"uri.:ery ,It H 1rl ,r 'LI( LA MeJ1cal 'enter m Torrance. Pmte,rnmally known for hi. work 111 the treatment of chron1 pam, neuro,urgeon he 1. one of the 111 rhc world en u,e elecmcal mmul.mon of the l-,r,1111 ior rreac­ mcnt of d1ff1Culr pam proble,m. In April I 9 5, he performed the worlJ\ fir r neuw urg1c.il l:,ram tumor oper.itmn ,,,ch rhe com• putemed rd><it. D avid L. Buchin (M'66) • m­ nounce, that he rci.:cmlv 11p·ncd m rgenl C ire l cnrcr (will-. Ill· :--tc !i1C,1l ('Im,·) m R.1lc1i.:h, '(. ALE tc,, D onald P. Pinkcl ( '51) • re­ n:nch I et.:1me K.m.1 Re • 1n:h ( h.urm,m ,m I rnif ·, ,r of pL·J1,11nt, ,lt rhe Llnl\L'r-11r of Tc ,,, y,rcm C mtcr Center .mJ 1\1.1). n ler on H,,-p11,1I .mJ Tumor In,ricurc m I lou,ton, T. Burton tulb ·rg (M'52) • of Butt,1l0 h.1, hccn de, ,Hl',I 1,,che ,r ttu, of l lfc Fcl low 1-,\the A mer• ll,111P,ydll,\Cru: "ociarum .1nJ \\·,1, h,more I ,H rhc 19 5 mnual nll'l'(ll1L!, hanci~ 8. Haber (M'56) • 1 pre,,Jcnt ,,t the mcJ1c1I ,c.1tf of Amor-OgJen Ho,p1L1I 111Elm1r,1, ' Y. Da id E. Pittman (M'64) • ,, 1 ,1 t.lnt d1111c11 prnfc ,r ot mcJu.:mc ,It chc L1rnwr 11y of Pm,huri.:h ~ cho,,I of le l1t.:me mJ ,1 ,11t11tc J,rc<.tor ot rhe \.,Ir• J1n,·.i cular l;1hor,11ory of 1lcgheny Gcneril Ho,p,c 1L In . ovcmher he prc,enccJ "Cl 111ic,1I Applteam,n of CarJ1.11: 'achc­ ren:amm ~ cuJie," ro rhc Fa ·crre ounty 1eJ1 al 'oc,ety ,mJ the Beaver eJi al enter, r:m J MeJ, al RounJ,. LSI 6 Richard . Wamo c k (M'72) • mform, u, ch,1r he ,, a medical tor thL FA 111,II ptl,11 c .. 1111111er w1rh commcrc1,1I ,md 111,trnment r.umg,. A ,rcuali,r m 11r­ th,1peJ1c 11rger1, Dr. W,irnock ,, d1rci:cor ,,t the ::,pllrt, :--1.-lidne L •r,1rtnwnt IC chc 'niwr it\ 11! Lowell. MA. Eri J. Ru ell ( '74) • h.i, hccn pn,motcd lo 1ssoc1,1tcpn•• le"or of r,1 linlngy ,ll Ru h Med­ IL11 C.\1llecc, 'h1L,1go, IL In m1'er, he ga,·e the Al [ 16rak I CLrurc .it 1hc Bu f,1ln R,1diolog1i: 1I \ic1et) meermg, "M,1gnetiL Rcsimance lmagmg." He I cur­ n.:nth· 11wc,nga1ing Ga iol1111um [ TP conrr.1,t mcJ,um tnr m.1gnc11 re on,mce 1m.1gmg. He ha, ,1daughter, ,ahr1cl lc Rohm, ai.:c rhre •. lbert chli,~erman (M'77) • 1111111unc ·, thl· rcl11 ,1C11lll ol h1, otfu:c t"r che pr.1u1 c 111"phrh,11m,,1,,i.:\ r,1 P,1rl-.l.mJ Protc"'"n.il P,1rk, °till<' #I 2, 3 75 .',,lllh­ wc,tl'fll PK111lc,,lrLI, re hard P.irl-., 'Y. l r. chl1"crm,111 ,, ., the Americ.m Ac,ldl'IH) fell,m of Ophthalnwlog\ Jeffre K. citclman (M'77) • 1--cL,lllll',1 l1plom,1rc 111 hilJ ps)• ch1,11r1111rhc Amenc,m R.,,1r I ,,f P,yLhi,ltf\ ,m,l I\Je11rnl11g1 in -;ep­ tcmhcr. " ow enJ<1\111gpn,·,1tL' pr,1ct1Le,111 I p,1rt•t1me 11..,1,lcmi<: 111L,,ng lk.1d1," Pr. -.,e,tclm,m ,, ch,urm.111 11f p,yd1i.1rry ,H 1 1m111q11e: :,..,1,he.ti Center. ,,r a pcre era i (M' ) • ha, 1mweJ ro Mechanic \'illc, PA. Dr. Ger,ic1 ,, a 11111al 111,tnKt,ir m the 1-1.irn,hurg F.1mtly Prac 1cc Pwgram. Jon M. Wardner (M' 5) • \Hite , '\t,Hting Juh I 9 6, I will l-,eg111 .1 P Y-11('<blt1on, Dep,irt• ment of Ph y,ical Med, me and Rchahtl1C,H11m, n1ver 1t) ot M1ch1g,m le 11 ,11Center, nn Arlx1r, l1ch1g,m." r. \; ardncr ,, ,1 n 1r111g 11111al f.•llow at rhe oluml-,i,1 111\'ersny College of Phy,1c1,m, and • urgcon,. BUFFAID 1-t'!.....1..Lt~ DAR ■ A. E::TH~'I )LOGY CA.'. AM MEETI . M,1y 2-3, 19'6. 1agarn-on-The-L.1k •, 0111.irio. pomnred l:,y Dcpr. of Ane,R ,mJ che,1olog\ ,ll horh , 1 , fa,ter l111,·crin, nt,1rio. 1c\\ Top,·, m lude /'..-hhclc Rcl,1xanr, and ,1rconc ; : rate of the Arr l\1n111toring; Inf.mt Re­ ,u cicanon, An •,the 1,1,md Im­ mune \,tem. Earl) rcg1,tr,mnn ,md re cptmn, 5:3 -7 p.m., Fri• J.1y; Program, :15 a.m.-3:30 p.m., at. Com.,c Dr. [.II. lomson, (416) 5!1-21 ■ l cPARTMI:: P Y HI TRY ' MEDICAL ED PR RAM ': 'T 1, 1G • May 23, 19 6 , 1(\30 ,1.111. l::nc ount\ Med1L 11 'enter. hJ floor Amph1thc,ltl'r. "L,l,nr uory T c,t of Dcrre, um: What ,, Their C.'l1111Cal Future!" John GreJcn, .1.D., ch.mm,m, De ­ p.1rrmcnr of P,ychi.irn, l '111\'er­ ,11\ of fo:h1g,m, lcJ1c.1I ( enter. • June 6, 19 6 , I l:30,1.111. enc ( .ounr) l\1eJ1cal .ente r, 3rd flnor ,1mphnhemer. "P,)choherary Re~ear h and Pr.icrice: An rt-to-Arr Talk." Mom, B. Parloff, Ph.D., clm1cal psy hnln­ gist, Department of P, chology, Amen an 111ver1ry, Wa,hmg ­ ton, D. '. • Jun 5, 19 6, I :3 -II :3L ,1.m. Veccr.m, Ho,p1tal , Rnom 11 3. "Recent Pn ,gre,, 111P, ·ch,­ from atry: 1e,\ De\'dopmenh rhc AP Annual Mccung." Panel D, u mn. • June 25, 19 6, 9-10:k ,1.m. ,ow anJ ,1 P ·ch,am · ,enter, Grnwne BIJg. "CJtlw,mda Grand RounJ, 111P, ·ch1atry." Marvin I. �CALE DAR Her.:, M. D., Professor anJ h,ur­ m,1n, Dept. of P ·ch1c1t1y, UB. J. • The Cape od onferen e n Pediatric. Aug1,-c 1-3, 19 6. Dunfc\ Hyanni, Hotel, H ·anni , Care Cod, MA. Credit Hour.: 15. Fee : * 3 Ph\ 1c1,m m Pr,ic­ ticc, 175 Alli d Health Profo ,1on.1L. Comact Dr. M. forph\ or Dr. erap1glia (716) 34-92 . ■ 10TH I TER ATIO, AL V ATIO 0 IMMU LOGY Vaccine cw oncept, and Development . Jul~ 14-1 7, 19 6. Keynme ,pc,1ker for W,rd, k\ Memon,11 Lecture: [ r J,m,1than Uhr, Dall.,,, Tcx,is. 'r<ms<>red hy UB Erne t W,reh y Center for lmmunolo1n- Cont1·t Dr. J,ime, 1ohn, Rm. 210 herman Hall, U YBuffalo, Tel: (716)- 31-2 4 . Yl4214. ■ UB PEDIATRIC UI 'G \.1EDICAL 10 PR RAM. • The 9th ational C nferenc c o n Pedia tric Adult Allergy and Clinical Immunology. July I I 2, 19 6. Four ca on, Hotel, Toront,l, Ontario. r Jic Hour.: 20. Fee,:* 32 5 Phy.ic,ans m Prac­ tice, !, 5 Allied He.11th Profe • . ional. • Advan e in Ga. troenterol­ ogy and utriti n, 19 6. Augu,c 15-17, 19 6. Dunle) H\,lnni Hmcl. Hyanni , ,1pc Cxl, MA. Credit H,iur.: 25. F e . ·275 Ph 1c1;m, m Pr,icucc, 175 Al­ lied He.11th Prolc ioml . Cont.i t: R, vn.1 ',wille, Pcd1.1tric, hildrcn ', H,, p1tal. 2 19 Br~anr :rrect, Ruttalo 14222. Tel. (wllect): 716- 7 • 7630. 'PRI G EMI. AR ESEARCH E.0 I'M • May 9, 19 6. 1:3 p.m. "Alohol U c and V1nlenr Bc­ h,wior," Jame Cnllm,, M.D., entor resc,irch ""'ologist, Re­ e,irch Triangle In nnm:, Re• , ar h Tri,mglc Pirk, C • Ma · 16, 19 6, I 3 p.m. "Drmkmg and Dnnkmg Pmh• h.mm lcms for Women," Wilma , Ph.D.. ,md RKh,uJ Wil nack, Ph.D., ~hl ll ot Medicine .md Department ,,t 'xiolot::\', Univ. of orth Dakota, Gr,md Fork , D. ,, charge f,ir ,emin,1r . -~----------------------------------------------------------------NO POSTAGE STAMP ECESSARV IF MAILED I THE U ITEDSTATES BUSINESS REPLYMAIL FIRSTCLASS PERMITNO 2210 BUFFALO, NY POSTAGEWILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE BUFFAID P H Y S C I A N 139 Cary Hall State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14214-9980 I,,,11, I,,I I,I,,,11, I,,II,I,,I,I,,I,,I,11, 1111I,II I I �-; 11'" BUFFAID I p H y s I I C A Non -Profit Org . . . Pos1age PAIO Buffalo . N. Y. Permi1 'o. 311 I N State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14214 ,,., ~ ~ AddressCorrection llequested i ~ . I l II II I ,,, J l 7--- LETusHEARFROM YOU-- ,--------------------- Fill out this card (Please print or type all entries) i, Year MD Received Name I 7--------------------- Office Address Home Address If not UB, MD received from In Private Practice: Yes D In Academic Medicine: No Q Yes □ Specialty No 0 Pert Time D Full Time c.., School I i' I Title J other: Medical Society Memberships News: Hove you changed positions. published. been involved in civic activities , had honors bestowed, etc? 1, ,t Please send copies of any publications. research or other original work. also include a photo of yourself. .I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo physician, May 1986 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine -- Periodicals Medical colleges -- New York (State) -- Buffalo -- Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-May Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Relation A related resource MIcFilm LD701 .B42 M5 no. 268-271, Buffalo physician and biomedical scientist Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008_1986-v20n01-May Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. 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Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1986 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/c2dcfd6c4bc2e05daae70702a506418c.pdf e08e7a07b7931f78bd2250a647f0bef2 PDF Text Text p H VOLUME 19, NUMBER 5 y s FEBRUARY 19 6 �BUFFAID PHYSICIAN Dean's Message STAFF EXECUTIVE EDI1DR, UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS Robert T. Marlett ASSOCIATE EDI1DR Bruce S. Kershner ARTDIREC1DR Alan J. Kegler PHOIDGRAPHY Phyllis Christopher Madonna Dunbar Ed Nowak Francis Specker ADVISORY BOARD Dr. John Naughton, Dean School of Medicme Ms. Nancy Glieco Mr. Kevin Cratg Ms. Marmie Houchens Dr. Charles Tanner Dr. John Fisher Ms. Karen Dryja Mr. John Pulli Dr. Charles Paganelh Dr. James Kanskt Dr Harold Brody Dr. John Wright Dr. Robert Scheig Dr. Maggie Wright Dr. Mary Voorhess Mr. Steve Shivinsky Ms. Marion Marionowski Mr. Novinder Bhalla Dr. James Wild TEACHING HOSPITALS The Buffalo General Children's Ene County Medical Center Mercy Millard Fillmore Roswell Park Memorial In ntute Sisters of Chanty Veterans Administration Medical Center Produced by rhe Drtision of Publrc Affam, Harry R. Jackson, director, in a.<· socrarion turh rhe School of Medrcme, Scare Unin~rsiry of Nev.- York ar Buffalo. THE BlJFFAl.D PHYSICIAJ\: tlJ PS 551-860) February, I986 - Volume 19, :\'umber 5. Published five times annually February, May, julv, September, December bv the &hool of Medicme, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 142I4. Second cia s postage pa•d at Buffalo, New York. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to THE BUFFA!.D PHYSICIAN, 139 Cary Hall, 34 35 Mam Street, Buffalo, , ew York 14214. Dear Friends: Two very significant events occurred during the fall in which faculty members who emulate the highest values of academic performance were honored for contributions to the advancement of medicine and science. The Buffalo Medical Foundation, the community, the School of Medicine and the University were honored when Dr. Herbert Hauptman was awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The faculty member in the Department of Biophysical Sciences since 1970 is an active contributor to graduate student education and departmental functions. We congratulate him for this exceptional accomplishment and thank him for his many contributions to the school and the scientific community. The Physiology Department hosted the Fall meeting of the Ameri· can Physiological Society, in iagara Falls in October, 1985. A number of satellite symposia in which Buffalo faculty played a key role were held. As part of these activities, a special symposium was conducted to honor a Distinguished Professor, Dr. Hermann Rahn, who received an additional accolade by the dedication of the new environmental laboratory in his honor. Dr. Rahn came to Buffalo as the Lawrence Bell Professor of Physiology, a professorship funded in part by the local chapter of the American Heart Association. During his long and distinguished tenure, he fashioned a strong, productive department which has ex· celled in teaching and research. He is one of three Distinguished Professors in the school's faculty, and shares a great deal of the credit for fostering its commitment to scientific investigation in Buffalo. John Naughton, M.D. A Message from the Medical Alumni Association The literature abounds with articles about physicians under stress. We are more and more seeking to reduce some stressful situations with younger physicians joining a group practice or HMO instead of private practice and some older physicians retiring or moving out of state. Stress always has a positive and negative side. Some stress causes high motivation, but too much stress takes a high toll. Doctors are humans too. Taught to think of others first, a doctor's stress-related problems ultimately affect the welfare of the patient. Impairment of the physician can lead to drug abuse, alcoholism and even suicide. The stress of constantly giving and not receiving can unduly strain a doctor's family relationships. Having stress in the market place as well as at home leads eventually to profound problems. The physician's colleagues may begin to notice that the doctor shows up late, gives wrong orders, seems to have more accidents, or is involved in a separation or divorce. Because the safety of the patient is so important, colleagues and families should not ignore signs of impairment. Support systems are available for coping mechanisms and should be set in motion promptly. Programs for stress management are available in all 50 states. Many medical societies have a hot-line for such services. Although only 10% of physi· cians find themselves in trouble, a figure similar to that of other professions, the publicity that could result is damaging to all physicians. In another vein, I am happy to tell you that Dr. George Hatem of the People's Republic of China has accepted our invitation to give the Stockton Kimball Lecture at Spring Clinical Day on May 10, 1986. In a unique way Dr. Hatem was responsible for the elimination of drug abuse, prostitution, and venereal disease in the People's Republic of China. Affectionately known as "Dr. Horse," this American, who has lived and worked in China since the 1930s, was able to be very close to those who engaged in the absolute struggle for power. -Charles 1. Tanner, M.D. President, M'43 �A N Dr. Herbert Hauptman, winner of 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, with model of molecular struc· ture. Cover Photo: Fran· cis Specker. CONTENTS 2 NOBEL LAUREATE • "There's nothing like a Nobel 8 HERMANN RAHN • Last October was a memorable month for Hermann Rahn, Ph.D The distinguished professor of physiology, known as "one of the fathers of aerospace medicine" among his fellow scientists, received two major honors at a physiology conference. Or. Rahn also contributed to this issue ''A Brief History of Physiology at UB:' 16 Prize," everyone agrees on learning that Herbert Hauptman, Ph.D, a Medical School research professor and executive director of the Medical Foundation of Buffalo, is the 1985 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. The first mathematician ever to win the Nobel, Or. Hauptman acknowledges in an interview that "it's great." FORUM • Clinical Ecologist Doris Rapp, M.D., and Allergist Elliot E Ellis, M.D., provide contrasting viewpoints on the field of clinical ecology or environmental medicine. The approaches and concepts associated with this new approach to treatment of allergies have stimulated considerable discussion and a wide range of opinion as their two pieces suggest. MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS • 29 Dean visits Beijing and Kunming to expand UB's cooperative relationships. Regular physical activity benefits cardiac patients, Dr. Hennann Rahn: honored at Physiology conference. national study finds. Inter· national flavonoid confer· ence is first of its kind in the U.S. Med students demonstrate you don't get AIDS from giving blood. PEOPLE • 32 Dr. Richard Judelsohn doubles as a disc jockey on WBFO-FM. Other news of people you know. CLASSNOTES • 35 CALENDAR • Inside back cover. ��3 -------ERT He and ] erome Karle share a · N abel Prize for developing a method to determine crystal structures of molecules BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER ' 'T here's nothing like a Nobel Prize!" exclaimed a broadly smiling UB President Sample before the University Council, following the news that UB research professor Herbert Hauptman, Ph.D., had won the 1985 obel Prize in Chemistry. "This is GREAT!," bubbled Dr. Hauptman, the first mathematician ever to win the Nobel, summing up in a similar brief phrase the jubliance one feels upon receiving the highest award of a lifetime. The excitement still hasn't subsided for Herb Hauptman and the Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Inc., where he serves as executive and research director. Hauptman is now in demand everywhere for recognitions, keynote addresses, and appearances. The most important of those appearances was his acceptance of the prize in Stockholm, Sweden, on December 10. He also spoke on "Direct Methods and Anomalous Dispersion; the subject of his research. The research professor of biophysical sciences learned of his award October 16, 1985. He shares it with college classmate and former co-researcher Jerome Karle of the Naval Research Laboratory in Maryland. They received the recognition for the mathematical method, called the Direct Methods, they devised in the 1950s that determines the three-dimensional crystal structures of complex molecules. Such a technique sounds like it should be of interest only to mathematicians and chemists. But the significance of Haupt- BUFFAID I p H v s I c •t A N I man's technique, and the reason for its recognition, is that it is now the standard-and virtually the onlytechnique to identify, synthesize, and manipulate new biologically important molecules such as hormones, vitamins, antibiotics, and other drugs. Nearly every new "revolutionary" drug yet devised to treat disease depended upon Hauptman's method to be developed. Most of the new industrial chemicals being created rely upon the formula. It can safely be claimed that thousands, if not millions, of lives have been saved or have had. suffering reduced because of Hauptman and Karle's technique. "I guess that 40,000-50,000 structures have been found using the techniques-90 per cent of all new structures, 5,000 each 02/ 86 �4 year; the 68-year-old Nobel Laureate comments. "Every pharmaceutical and chemical company must apply the Direct Methods to solve the structures they later develop~ Because medical researchers must use the technique to identify chemicals in biological processes, Hauptman has indirectly contributed to fundamental knowledge about how the body works. A few of the drugs developed out of the technique are artificial steroids useful in treating breast cancer, and enkephalin, a chemical thought to be a natural paincontrol substance produced by the human brain that may lead to new pain-killing drugs. The heart disease drug, digoxin, a much safer variant of digitalis, was derived using the technique, as were a number of vitamins, antibiotics, hypertension drugs, hormones, and uncounted others. The other aspect of the revolutionary contribution of the Direct Methods is the speed with which structures can be determined. Twenty years ago, it took two years to calculate the structure of a simple antibiotic molecule that had only 15 atoms. Today, it takes only two days to determine structures of 50-atom molecules. With computers, it may soon become possible to do it in minutes. "The delay, however, now remains with the process of making the crystal (a prerequisite to identifying its structure). That can take a week or a month," Hauptman remarks. I ronically, Hauptman and Karle's breakthrough remained unaccepted and controversial for 15 years. "The reaction from the scientific establishment was disbelief. Papers were published showing the solution was no more than a minor improvement over current methods. Harsh criticism and even open hostility greeted Herb's presentations at scientific meetings; according to the quarterly publication of the Medical Foundation of Buffalo. Dr. Hauptman added, "Part of the reason for the resistance from the crystallography establishment was that the earlier crystallographers did not have a mathematical background." And while he claimed that he had solved a major problem in the discipline, Hauptman actually had no academic training in crystallography. What Dr. Hauptman had solved in 1958 was the "unsolvable" struc- 02186 Drs. Hauptman and Karle on the evening news with CBS' Dan Rather. ture of colemanite, a natural 12-atom hydrous calcium borate-something never done before. It wasn't until others had repeatedly solved complex structures that this breakthrough finally was accepted by the scientific community. It then literally became one of the fundamental methods underlying crystallography, pharmaceutics, applied chemistry, and medicine. Because of this, the American Crystallographic Association in 1984 recognized Hauptman and Karle's accomplishment with their highest award, the A.L. Patterson Award. That same year, the American Institute of Physics pronounced it one of four major advances in the field of crystallography. X-ray diffraction provides the data required for analysis by Hauptman's methods. "When a single wave-length Xray beam is projected on a crystal, it is scattered (diffracted) in thousands of directions. This X-ray diffraction pattern is automatically recorded on photographic film," Hauptman explains. The X-rays reflected from these crystals form pictures appearing as arrays of thousands of spots of differing brightness. By analyzing the intensity of the dots, the phase, or angular measurement that varies from zero to 360 degrees, is calculated. The Direct Methods allow this data to be used directly to derive the molecule's structure. Before the formula, the pattern could be used only to guess at possible structures (the indirect method). Hauptman, first as a graduate student at the University of Maryland, then as a scientist with the aval Research Lab in the early to mid-1950s, believed he could solve the "phase problem" as it was called. With his strong grounding in higher mathematics, he and Drs. Jerome and Isabella Karle not only formulated the phase problem into mathematical terms within five years, but also solved it. The native of Bronx, N.Y., earned his BUFFAID I PHYSICI A N I bachelor's and master's degrees in mathematics in the late 1930s from City College and Columbia University, respectively. After various technical positions in the military during and shortly after World War II, he joined the Naval Research Laboratory as a physicistmathematician in 1947. After he received his Ph.D. m mathematics from the University of Maryland in 1955, he joined its faculty on a part-time basis. His primary research continued at the Naval Research Lab where, beginning in 1965, he directed various divisions and branches. In 1970, he joined the Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Inc., the same year he joined UB's faculty. Two years later, he became the Foundation's executive and research director. The Medical Foundation's primary work is basic biomedical research. With a staff of 25 Ph.D. scientists, its IS-member molecular biophysics group is possibly the largest in the country. The independent, non-profit institute conducts research on hormone-related disorders, including cancer, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, birth defects, and related problems. As a UB Biophysics Department faculty member, Hauptman's University involvement includes research and teaching as well as active membership on various committees. Author of two books and almost 150 scientific articles and chapters, Hauptman had been honored with many other awards and distinctions before the Nobel was awarded. Since receiving the Nobel Prize, the recognitions and honors have increased further. At a press conference held before a crush of cameras and reporters, President Sample, publicly congratulated him and thanked him for bringing great honor and credit to the University, as well as to the entire research community of Western ew York. The University research community then had its opportunity to express its gratitude, at Dr. Sample's State of the University Address two weeks later. As Or. Hauptman watched, the audience, most of them fellow researchers, expressed itself in the simplest way for a large group-a rousing standing ovation. • �NOBEL LAUREATE: An Interview With Buffalo's Newest VJ.P. BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER L ast month, UB professor Herbert Hauptman, Ph.D., received the greatest professional honor when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The following is an interview with Dr. Hauptman following the news on October 16, 1985, of his prize, shared with his former coresearcher Jerome Karle of the Naval Research Lab in Washington, D.C. Q It was a thrill to hear that you had been selected for an honor as important as the Nobel Prize. How have things changed for you since then? BUFFAID I PHYSIC I AN I A. As for changing my career or my job, it's hard to imagine picking up and moving on at my age (of 68). The prize has certainly changed things, though I hope only temporarily. I'm much busier now and it's hard to get any work done. I have so many invitations to speak, I am nearly booked all the way through June 1986. I was warned this would happen. This 02/ 86 �6 is the common complaint of all Nobel Laureates-that it takes a year out of your life, in a good way. One change that I hope it will produce is to promote the importance of pure scientific research, which is not sufficiently appreciated by the general public or by community leaders. Basic research is so important because of the valuable-and often unpredictable-benefits to mankind. We need the support of the enlightened public if we are to be allowed to continue such important work using public and private funding. If my research had not been publicly funded, it may never have been completed and the revolutionary advance to all humans may not have been realized. ing how proud they were. One niece sent me a 15-foot-long computer printout "card" that said "CONGRATULATIONS UNCLE HERB." Another woPlderful letter came from a relative I've never seen who told me the deep effect it had on her twin 11-year-old daughters. Q Your fellow scientists weren't so quick to recognize the contribution? A. Yes, I and Jerome got quite a hostile reaction in the 1950s when we tried to show we had solved the "phase problem" [which had been the barrier to directly solving chemical structures]. Many didn't believe it could be done or thought it was only a minor improvement. One well known crystallographer told me that if he could solve a certain complex structure with our formulas, then he would be convinced. And it did happen. But it took 15 years after repeated solving of structures before the final skepticism about the method was removed. Q Q. Did you get any unexpected calls from people out of your past? A. Yes, I heard from relatives, classmates, and colleagues I haven't heard from in years or even decades. One of the most touching was a phone call from my old high school math teacher, now retired in Florida. He waited weeks to call me until he was sure I was the same Herb Hauptman he had taught at Townsend Harris High School in Manhattan. He told how proud he was that now he has "a third notable person among his former students." He told me that he had taught Jonas Salk (discoverer of the polio vaccine) and also a Nobel winner in economics. I know one invitation you didn't tum down was the one in Stockholm December 10. A. Yes, that's when I accepted the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Q I understand you first heard the news about your prize under unusual circumstances. A. Yes, underwater-that is, I was swimming in the YMCA pool when I was called out to answer an important phone call. Dripping wet, I picked up the phone. My initial reaction was numbness, shock, disbelief. Then I got dressed and rushed down to the press conference. Q And what was your wife's reaction? A. She heard it when I called her during classes at the elementary school where she teaches. I said "Honey, I won the obel Prize." She responded "I can't believe it!" and then accidentally hung up. Then she dashed into the hall and shouted the news to anyone who would listen. When I called her back again, she realized she had hung up by accident. Q What about your family's reaction? A. My daughter, a research psychologist in Washington, D.C., was very happy. The family never expected it. Some of my relatives sent me beautiful letters describ- 02/86 Dr. Hauptman : his fe llow crystallographers were especially proud. Q Any interesting reactions from your colleagues outside of Buffalo? A. An absolutely terrific response-400plus ecstatic letters and phone calls. My fellow crystallographers were especially proud because this was the first time in six decades that a Nobel Prize had directly recognized the field of crystallography. Interestingly, several others previously got obels for their research which utilized my technique. My fellow Nobel Laureate, Jerome Karle, heard the news over the intercom while in a jet 30,000 feet up. The entire plane of passengers and crew broke open champagne and toasted him. He told me later, "It took a long time for this to be recognized." BUFFAID I PHYSICIA N I Q How do you feel about getting all these calls and suddenly being in demand now for all kinds of appearances? A. I accept it as part of what just happens. I would be more selective, though, if it were to become a permanent thing. I do really enjoy the nice things that happen, such as the Oliver Wendell Holmes Elementary School student who told me how he loves crystals, sent me a picture of a crystal that he drew, and asked me for my photo in return. I sent a photo to him and then I learned of the great morale boost I had given the boy, who had serious problems at home. Q When did you get interested in math? �7 A. I remember I was about five or six while living in the Bronx. I became interested in numbers at the same time I was learning to read. Q What kind of effect do you think this will have on the Medical Foundation of Buffalo? A. ~ I think it will certainly help us in our research funding and our prestige and visibility, both locally and nationally. Q Do you have anything else you'd like to add? A. Yes. All this that has been happening can be summed up simply by saying, "This is just GREAT!" • Other UB Nobel Laureates H erbert Hauptman is not the first UB faculty member to be associated with a Nobel Prize. He is, however, the first to have been awarded a Nobel while actively affiliated with the University. Dr. Carl Cori won the Nobel in Medicine in 1947 for research at George Washington University on the isolation and synthesis of phosphorylase. The work was started at UB and Roswell Park when he was a young assistant professor of physiology from 1927 to 1931. He died at 87 in 1984. Sir John Eccles, 82, received the Nobel in Medicine in 1963 for his work on the brain, before joining the UB Medical School in 1968 as a distinguished professor of physiology and biophysics. He headed a laboratory here until 1975. Interestingly, all three UB Nobel Laureates have been Medical School faculty. Because of the joint appointment of Sir John Eccles, the Department of Physiology (the School's oldest department) and the Department of Biophysical Sciences (the School's youngest basic science department) each can claim two Nobel Laureates. • Dr. Tim Byers A SECOND 1985 NOBEL WINNER T he UB Medical School has a second 1985 Nobel Prize winner. This year's coveted Nobel Peace Prize went to the International Physicians For the Prevention of uclear War, cofounded by American physician Bernard Lown, M.D., and Russian physician Evgueni Chazov. In a very real sense, the prize, rarely given to an organization, is shared with its 135,000 members. This includes 120 area physicians, dentists and medical scientists who comprise the local chapter, roughly half of whom are associated with UB and the Medical School. Formed in 1981, the Western ew York Chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility is part of the American group, one of the affiliates representing 41 countries. The American group has over 25,000 members and 110 chapters. An excited Dr. Tim Byers, president of the UB chapter and assistant professor of BUFFAID I P HYSI CI AN I social and preventive medicine, commented, "The award will strengthen our organization's prestige and financial support, as well as our credibility with the public and media." Six of the eight members of the local chapter board of advisors are with the Medical School: Drs. James olan, Carter Pannill, Leonard Katz, Thomas Bumhalo, Ivan Bunnell, and David Greene. The obel Committee selected the group because it had "performed a considerable service to mankind by spreading authoritative information and by creating an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic warfare." The organization, which is not associated with any other nuclear issue group, engages primarily in education, through a speaker's bureau, horline and media presentations. • 02/ 6 �8 HE NRAHN 'Father of Aerospace Medicine' receives major honors BY BRUCE S. KERSH ER L ast October was a memorable month for Hermann Rahn, Ph.D. The distinguished professor of physiology, known as "one of the fathers of aerospace medicine" among his fellow scientists, received two major honors at a physiology conference. The U.S. Air Force bestowed the Meritorious Civilian Service Award on Dr. Rahn during the University's Satellite Symposium on Environmental Physiology held in mid-October. The University, in turn, honored him by dedicating one of its largest laboratories to him. The former Environmental Physiology Laboratory was renamed the Hermann Rahn Laboratory for Environmental Physiology. The laboratory, part of Sherman Hall and Sherman Annex, houses the human centrifuge, the doughnut-shaped Immersion Basin, and the Hyperbaric Chamber. Dr. Rahn received the honors for his research and vision which helped lay the foundation for the new field of aerospace medicine and which established UB's Department of Physiology as one of the international centers for this area of research. His pioneering work on the interaction of man and his environment includes fundamental studies of life at high altitude, underwater, and in space. Asked for his reaction to receiving two major honors in two days, Rahn quietly responded, "One cannot express such feelings-they go so deep." Vice President John Naughton, dean of 02/ 86 the Medical School, stated, "He has exemplified only the highest qualities of academic science and of humanitarian behavior. His unselfish devotion to the University and the scientific community have not only reflected on him, but on all who have been privileged to know or work with him." Dr. Leon Farhi, professor and chairman of the Department of Physiology, said of Rahn's essential role, '~!though environmental physiology has been on the books for a long time, it really blossomed only in the early 1940s when Dr. Rahn made his contributions. "Over the last 40 years, Dr. Rahn has cast the foundation of our understanding in many areas of respiratory disease: What kind of medicine would we be practicing today, if we did not understand lung mechanics, alveolar gas exchange, or ventilation-perfusion relationships?" (pioneering studies by Dr. Rahn). Also considered one of the fathers of modern respiratory physiology, Dr. Rahn through his research has provided the basis for many of the principles underlying diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease, especially in intensive care. Dr. Rahn first encountered respiratory physiology during World War II. The country was then engaged in a major effort to give its pilots air superiority over the enemy by achieving higher altitude, while protecting them from hypoxia (lack of oxygen). One of the proposed solutions lay in in- BUFFAID I PHYSIC I AN I creasing alveolar oxygen tension by raising the total gas pressure within the lungs. In the open cockpits that were then in use, this meant pressure breathing. And so Dr. Rahn went to work, establishing the physiological effects of positive pressure breathing. A pioneer in gas analysis, he has taught such concepts as the distribution of alveolar ventilation perfusion ratio and the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. Dr. Rahn also clarified some of the laws pertaining to gas diffusion when several gases are present in a mixture. He was one of the first to apply the Clark Oxygen Electrode to his research work and to show clinicians the value of this tool. Relying on principles of physical chemistry, he also dissected the mechanisms by which protein binds hydrogen ion, and described how this combination is affected by temperature. He also devised the first selfguiding catheter, a balloon-tipped device that was to re-emerge as the Swan-Ganz Catheter, a now essential tool in diagnosing cardiovascular disease. Although Dr. Rahn has enriched several areas of knowledge, his main contribution, in the eyes of many of his fellow scientists, may well be his emphasis on the unity of science, demonstrated by his unique ability to recognize parallels and adapt to one problem-or one whole field of studyideas and techniques developed in other disciplines. �9 Dr. Hermann Rahn (center) at Physiology conference with Mrs. Rahn, and French ph ysiologist Dr. Pierre Dejours. D . r. Rahn's legacy, Dr. Farhi emphasized, goes beyond his research~Her­ mann Rahn has imparted his wisdom and enthusiasm to a whole generation of younger people." He has trained and left an imprint on numerous graduate and medical students as well as post-doctoral trainees, many of whom occupy leadership positions in this country and abroad. One of those, Dr. Frank Knox, is dean of the Mayo Medical School and was just elected president of the American Physiological Society. He also attracted to Buffalo some important UB scientists. Two examples are Dr. Donald Rennie, UB vice provost for research and graduate education, and Dr. Farhi, whose physiology experiment will orbit the earth in a 1987 space shuttle. The two honors are just the most recent Dr. Rahn has received. Last May, he was selected for the American Lung Association's most prestigious award, the 1985 Edward Livingston Trudeau Medal, for his research in respiratory physiology. He has also received honorary degrees from the Universities of Paris, Seoul (Yonsei), Rochester, Peru, and Bern, Switzerland, and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and to the Harvey Society, in addition to 16 other honors. He is a past president of the American Physiological Society and past vice president of the International Union of Physiological Sciences. The naming of UB's modern lab after him is fitting since he played an essential role in establishing it in 1968. The laboratory, including the three-story high, 6400-square-foot room that houses the Immersion Basin, is unique in several ways. It is the most comprehensive such lab in the world. It is also the only centrifuge in the world where one can go into its chamber and watch it. All other centrifuges are housed in confined rooms with observation windows in the surrounding walls. The reason UB's lab allows this is because of its equally unusual architecture. During planning of the facility in 1968, architects insisted the centrifuge must be surrounded by a wall for safety purposes. BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I Dr. Rahn and others also wanted the room to house the Immersion Basin, a doughnut-shaped pool for studying underwater physiology of divers. So the late Dr. Edward Lanphier designed the centrifuge to be surrounded by a wall, as required, but in this case it was a wall of water, the Immersion Basin. An author of over 210 scientific articles and four major books, Dr. Rahn has had several books and' a special issue of Respiration Physiology dedicated to him. After graduating from Cornell University, he went on to receive his Ph.D. from the University of Rochester in 1938. He served as chairman of UB's 140-year-old Department of Physiology from 1956 to 1972, and was appointed a Distinguished Professor in 1973. In referring to the ways that Dr. Rahn has contributed to respiratory medicine, in both basic and applied knowledge, Dr. Farhi concluded, "If one needed a living example of the dictum that 'the physiology of today is the therapeutics of tomorrow', we have it in our midst." • 02 86 �Dr. Charles Coventry: first professor of physiology. �11 A BRIEF HISIDRY OF PHYSIOIDGY AT IHE UNNERSITY OF BUFFAID BY HERMANN RAHN Distinguished Professor of Physiology W hen the Medical School opened in the winter of 1846, exactly 140 years ago, there were seven professors. One of them was Charles Brodhead Coventry, the first "professor of physiology and jurispn.idence." (Today the University's Coventry Entrance on the North Campus is named in his honor.) As in other medical schools in our country at that time, physiology was taught from English textbooks, relying heavily on vitalism and empiricism. Coventry followed along these lines, as a well established practitioner known for his studies and reports on the epidemic of Asian Cholera that existed in Albany and ew York City. He also taught obstetrics and shared his teaching in physiology with Austin Flint, Sr., our first professor of medicine and known today for the "Flint arterial murmur." In 1851 the physiology scene at Buffalo changed dramatically with the appointment of John Call Dalton who at the age of 26 was appointed professor of physiology and morbid anatomy. He had received his medical degree in Harvard four years previously and had gone abroad to study with Claude Bernard in Paris, at that time considered the greatest physiologist in the world. From his time on, physiology was no longer dominated by vitalism and empiricism because Dalton introduced for the first time in America live and anesthetized animals for demonstration of various physiological principles. Dalton was also one of the first profes- sors in America to devote his whole time to the study of physiology and did not depend upon a medical practice for his income. Dalton left Buffalo in 1855 to later become president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, a founding member of The American Physiological Society, and was elected to the ational Academy of Sciences in 1864. His published "Human Physiology" went through seven editions. In 1859 Austin Flint, Jr., the son of the former professor of medicine, was appointed professor of physiology at the age of 24. He also had studied with Claude Bernard and Charles Robin in Paris. Unfortunately, he left for Bellevue Hospital Medical College a year later. He published many basic physiological papers as well as a fivevolume text, "Physiology of Man." Between 1861 and 1912 the Chair was occupied by William H. Mason, Julius Pohlman, and Frederick C. Busch. In 1912 Frederick Pratt arrived from Harvard, having studied with Walter B. Cannon, one of America's greatest physiologists. He commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright to build a home for him, which still stands on Tillinghast. During his tenure at Buffalo he accomplished one of the epochmaking demonstrations of the ali-or-none principle of skeletal muscle, settling a problem that had perplexed physiologists for about half a century. Pratt was succeeded in 1918 by Frank A. Hartman, who was the first professor of physiology in our school with a Ph.D. BUFFAID I P H Y S I C I AN I degree. His annual salary was $3,500. He soon became preoccupied to the exclusion of all else with isolating the vital hormone from the adrenal cortex. He eventually purfied cortin, received the Chancellor Norton Medal from our University (the highest award bestowed by the University of Buffalo for service to the University and the community), the Gold Medal of the AMA, and universal applause. In 1934 Hartman accepted a call to Ohio State University and was followed in the chairmanship of the department by Dr. Fred Griffith, Jr., who had joined Hartman earlier as an assistant professor. Dr. Griffith's great impact was as a teacher, and during his long reign many medical students and graduates spent a year or two with him, later to become professors in various medical schools including our own. I n 1956 Hermann Rahn took the chair in physiology as Lawrence D. Bell Professor in cardiovascular physiology. He was given the unusual opportunity of building a completely new staff as well as designing Sherman Hall. This coincided with the new era of public fun.ding of equipment and research support. He decided to set aside one part of Sherman Hall for the possible creation of a new Department of Biophysics and was in part responsible for persuading the dean and the president to create this department, which was initially financed through the Annual Medical Participating Fund under 02/86 �12 the leadership of Dr. Edgar Beck. Soon a young staff for Physiology was assembled, and by 1961 there were Drs. John Boylan, Beverly Bishop, Suk Ki Hong, Donald Rennie, Charles Paganelli, Barbara Howell, Leon Farhi, Edward Lanphier, and Werner oell. Of this original group all but three are still with us today. In spite of the youth of the staff the department began to attract postdoctoral fellows and visiting professors in the areas of pulmonary, renal, and neurophysiology as well as the area of heat exchange and high pressure physiology. By 1968 we had attracted 60 visiting scholars, many of whom today occupy leading positions in various parts of the world. (For a sampling of some of the more prominent ones, see the accompanying article on the Physiologists Gallery, which pictures all of the department's former visiting professors and postdoctoral fellows.) In 1968 the Laboratory for Environmental Physiology was built, under the direction of Dr. Leon Farhi. This includes a human centrifuge, a submergence basin, and high pressure facilities, and is one of the unique laboratories in a university setting. A current ASA program under Or. Farhi's direction, using these facilities, is ~ 0 z @ Q 0 i!' Navy frogmen utilizing Physiology's immersion pool for breathing study. 02/86 BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I training scientist-astronauts for investigation of cardiovascular responses during zero G exposure for a 1987 shuttle flight. A separate section of neurophysiology was established with Werner oell as director. In 1968 John C. Eccles, obel Laureate, joined this group for seven years; it became the Section of Neurobiology, presently headed by Donald Faber. In 1972 Donald W. Rennie became chairman of the department, followed in 1980 by Charles Paganelli as acting chairman, and in 1982 by Leon Farhi, the present chairman. Since 1956 the full-time faculty has grown from seven to 28, and we have had approximately 170 visiting professors and postdoctoral fellows, 60 per cent from abroad. The research activities over these years are revealed in some 900 publications. It is interesting to note that 21 of these were with other departments of our University and some 50 with other American and foreign institutions. Fifteen books were edited or authored. One of the more unusual activities has been field expeditions. Since 1959 some 35 of these have been launched to various parts of the world, working on problems not easily studied in the laboratory at home. These quests range from studies of the metabolism and work performance of the Eskimo and seal kidneys in Alaska to lung physiology and thermoregulation of the diving women in Korea and Japan and the sponge divers in the Mediterranean; from studies on the acid-base balance of animals in the Amazon to the physiology of the migrating salmon in British Columbia; from development of chick embryos at high altitude in the Rocky Mountains to providing medical support for underwater archeology in Turkey. The program for graduate study leading to the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees was initiated 60 years ago by Professor Hartman and is probably the earliest graduate program in our medical school. During the Hartman-Griffith regimes from 1921 to 1956 there were 10 Ph.D. and 15 M.A. students. In the subsequent years, 43 Ph.D. and 25 master's degrees have been granted. Since 1966 our graduate program has been rated by the American Council on Education between No. 7 and 20 of the top 100 schools in this country. • �13 1000 PHYSIOIDGISTS MEET IN BUFFAID AREA A full-size, walk-through mock-up of Phillips continues to work on an artificial walking system that combines braces, NASA's Space Lab 4 and research findings from more than 800 Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) to muscles, and a computer that enables FES scientists highlighted the 36th Annual Fall to propel the patient. He predicts that the Meeting of the American Physiological Society Oct. 13-18 at the Niagara Falls Contime will come when many riow crippled by spinal cord injury will benefit from the vention Center. More than 1,000 scientists, including work being done at Wright State and space researchers from the U.S., the Soviet Union, and China attended the meeting which covered topics ranging from exercise physiology to virology. UB physiologists were in charge of local arrangements. Attendees had considerable interest in the mock-up of the NASA Spacelab which in 1987 will carry an experiment designed by Leon Farhi, M.D., chairman of UB's Department of Physiology. Drs. Millie Fulford and Robert Phillips, two of the astronauts who will assist in conducting Farhi's experiment in space, also attended the (LR) Dr. Leon Farhi, Dr. Walter Gary, and Dr. Roger meeting. The two astronauts have received training at UB in order to elsewhere. conduct Farhi's research aboard the LifeAlso speaking was neurocardiovascular nurse specialist Kathy Kater of St. Louis' sciences shuttle. Barnes Hospital who reported on her work Two scientists presenting material at the event also spoke to UB's Spinal Cord Ininvolving the provision of structured senjury Research Group at a special meeting sory stimulation to head-injured patients on-campus. during and after coma. This treatment can Chandler Phillips, M.D., a key scientist improve the functional levels of these paat Wright State University involved in intients later on, Kater reported. novative research which enables paraplegThe study which she conducted suggests ics to walk aided by computers and it is important that such stimulation be electrical stimulation of muscle, told a incorporated into therapy as soon after ingroup of 25 attending that "the research jury as possible. has progressed considerably" since he last Sensory stimulation therapy was convisited Buffalo two years ago. tinued three months following coma. FaBut he cautioned that much work has mily members learned the techniques, too. yet to be done to develop a commercially When patients achieved cognitive Level 7, viable electronic walking system that will indicating independent mental function, functionally restore self-mobility to patherapy was concluded. tients paralyzed by spinal cord injuries. After three months of the study, the BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I most dramatic response appeared in patients in a moderate coma group who received sensory stimulation. "While those in light coma experimental and control groups did well, they generally had less to overcome than those who had a greater degree of coma to begin with;' Kater explains. Those in a deep coma group who received the special therapy made better progress than deep coma patients who did not receive the structured sensory stimulation. O ver three dozen UB scientists contributed a wide variety of lectures, symposia, slide sessions, and poster presentations at the meeting. A refresher course on exercise physiology and its clinical applications included talks by its organizers Vice President John Naughton and Dr. David Pendergast, associate professor of Comeau. physiology as well as by Dr. Gerd Cropp, professor of pediatrics. Dr. Sadis Matalon, associate professor of physiology, talked on oxygen radical damage to lung tissue, while Dr. Beverly Bishop, professor of physiology, cochaired a symposium on the role of receptors in health and disease. Participating in a discussion of physiologic functions in conscious-behaving animals were Drs. Don Faber, John Krasney, and Joan Baizer, all faculty from the Physiology Department. Cellular and membrane function at high pressure was discussed by Drs. Suk Ki Hong and Perry Hogan, both professors of physiology, and four others. Slide sessions were presented on the effects of gravity on cardiovascular and fluid dynamics by professor and chairman of physiology, Leon Farhi, while Dr. Bob Klocke, professor of medicine and physiology, chaired a 02/86 �14 slide show on lung physiology. Dr. Fred Sachs, associate professor of biophysics, spoke on ion channels in chick membranes. A sampling of other lectures given by non-UB scientists included findings that marijuana smoking by sheep during late pregnancy may damage or kill offspring; research which could lead to a vaccine for Non-A/ Non-B hepatitis; and Mt. Everest as a testing site for physiological changes at high altitudes. UB's involvement was augmented by a three-day Satellite Symposium on Environmental Physiology that immediately preceded the national meeting. Organized by the Department of Physiology, it included six speakers from UB and 22 others. Breathing under water was discussed by Dr. Claes Lundgren, professor of physiology, while Dr. Henry Van Liew discussed resistance and inertance when breathing a dense gas. Drs. Suk Ki Hong and Charles Paganelli talked about water exchange in hyperbaria and Dr. Hermann Rahn illuminated the audience with a talk on Rubner's "Law" which correlates the body size of an animal with its life span and metabolism. The banquet speaker, Dr. Ewald Weibel of the Universitat Bern, Switzerland, selected the enigmatic topic, "Fried Eggs on a Flying Saucer," in which he explored the oxygen pathway and its environment. • Delegates at international physiology m eeting. 02/ 86 PHYSIOIDGY'S ROGUE DEPICTS VISIIDRS OF B ' 'T he Rogue's Gallery'!.._that's how Dr. Hermann Rahn affectionately refers to his department's Physiologists Portrait Gallery, a display of over 1,000 portraits of all the physiologists who have come to UB as visitors over the last 25 years. The gallery was initiated by th~ Distinguished Professor of Physiology in 1960 when he was chairman of the department. Dr. Rahn cannot say if it is the largest such collection of physiologists' portraits, but it is certainly the largest such photo gallery he has ever encountered. The gallery is a unique record of the department's-and the School's-recent history, because it pictures virtually every one of the visiting professors, scholars, and post-doctoral fellows that have come to the department. Its photos include many of the leading physiologists on the national and world scene. These scientists who were early postdoctoral researchers at UB are today in the following positions: Enrico Fernandez, president, University Peruana Cayetano Heredia, and permanent secretary, National Academy of Medicine of Peru; John Knowles, director of the Massachusetts General Hospital, later president of the Rockefeller Foundation; Claude Lenfant, director of the Heart, Lung, Blood Institute; Pierre Haab, dean of the Medical School and chairman of the Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Johannes Piiper, director, Max-Planck-Institut fur Experimentelle Medizin, Gottingen, Germany; Emilio Agostoni, chairman, Department of Physiology, University of Milano, Italy; Tulio Velasquez, past president, Peruvian Medical Association; John B. West, professor of medicine, University of California, San Diego (Dr. West, interestingly, also led the first medical expedition that climbed Mt. Everest); Benjamin Covino, professor of BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I Physiology chairman Charles Paganelli viewing portrait gallery. anesthesiology, Harvard University; Soedarso Djojonegoro, vice president, Airlangga University, Indonesia; Alan Groom, professor and chairman of biophysics, University of Western Ontario; Tetsuro Yokoyama, professor and chairman of medicine, Keio University, Japan; Claus Albers, dean of the medical school, University of Regensburg; Peter Deetjen, professor and chairman of physiology, University oflnnsbruck; Paolo Cerretelli, professor and chairman of physiology, University of Geneva; Peter Winter, professor and chairman of anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Using a Polaroid Land camera purchased in 1959 by Dr. Donald Rennie for his first Alaska expedition, Dr. Rahn began the custom of taking portraits of the �15 GALLERY T 25 YEARS FIRST M.D./Ph.D GRAD GAINS DUAL NATIONAL PROMINENCE T he first graduate of the Medical School's M.D./Ph.D. program has attained national prominence in both aspects of his joint degree. Franklyn G. Knox, M.D., Ph.D., was elected president of the American Physiological Society this summer. He has also served as dean of the Mayo Medical School since 1983, and as director for education of the Mayo Foundation. His training at UB was in renal physiology. Before earning his M.D. and Ph.D. here in 1965, he received his B.S. from UB in 1959. After leaving the University, he spent three years with the National Heart Institute and then another three as a physiologist with the University of Missouri. In 1971, the Rochester, N.Y., native moved to Rochester, MN., to join the Mayo Medical School. He is now professor of physiology and medicine. He currently serves in a wide range of leadership positions in organizations. He is on the board of directors and executive committee of both the American Heart Association and the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. A member of the Council of Deans of the Association of American Medical Colleges and chairman of an NIH study section, he is also the National Academy of Sciences representative to the International Union of Physiological Societies. He was the editor of the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine and on the editorial board of nine other journals. The Alpha Omega Alpha member has received numerous awards, most recently the 1985 AAMC Award for Distinguished Research in the Biomedical Sciences. His 162 publications cover a wide range of renal studies. • department's distinguished visitors, including lecturers invited to departmental seminars. The camera has been in use ever since. The Portrait Gallery is located in the hallway outside the department office in Sherman Hall. The more than 1,000 photos are mounted on 20 boards, each with 52 portraits. A registry allows one to quickly locate the picture of each visitor, and each photo is identified by name, institution, and date of visit. "These are my colleagues from all over the world; Rahn proudly states. The physiologist humorously points out that since many of the scientists have made repeated visits, the gallery offers us a good "opportunity to study changes m physiognomy with time." • Dr. Frankl yn Knox (center). BUFFAlO I PHYSICIAN I 02/ 86 �16 In the rapidly changing field of medicine, there are always certain emerging new approaches and concepts which stimulate considerable discussion and a wide range of opinion regarding their validity and value in the clinical arena. One such new field is called clinical ecology or environmental medicine by its adherents. Its theories and therapies diverge sharply from those of the allergists and clinical immunologists and their scientific basis is challenged by them. We are fortunate in Buffalo to have national leaders in both traditional allergy and clinical ecology who have arranged to discuss and Environmental Medicine: 1\n Expanded 1\pproach to 1\llergy BY DORIS RAPP, M.D. Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics S orne advances in medicine have required 20 to 30 years from conception to delivery by the mainstream of medicine '. Although rigid scientific documeNation is required before new concepts can be accepted, we must be careful not to prematurely abort a different approach merely because it is new. Observations which are confirmed repeatedly cannot be ignored merely because adequate explanation is not currently available. The human body still retains many mysteries to challenge and perplex the minds of both clinical and academic physicians. An expanded approach to allergy is currently recognized by over 3,000 American 02. 6 and British clinicians and academicians who practice ecologically-oriented medicine or allergy. The American Academy of Environmental Medicine is one subset of this group. Over 50 per cent of these members, called clinical ecologists, are board-certified in one or more of 19 different medical specialties. The connecting thread among this diverse group is the recognition of the unsuspected role of environmental factors in each specialty. How Is Allergy Defin ed? T he term, "allergy," means "altered reactivity; in essence, that a nontoxic sub- BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I stance could affect one person, but not another 2• In 1926, the definition became more restricted 3 in that an immunologic mechanism must be known to explain all "altered" allergic reactions. Hence, a more limited view of allergy was initiated. Ironically, this view was intensified by the outstanding Ishizaka study which proved that immunoglobulin E (IgE) contained human reaginic antibody. Many allergists are reluctant to diagnose an allergy if this antibody level is not abnormally elevated. Patients, however, do not always fit into this limited diagnostic category. They Continued on Page 18 �17 support each contrasting viewpoint in the following articles. We appreciate the effort that Dr. Elliot Ellis and Dr. Doris Rapp have expended in preparing their articles and we are glad to accommodate them as an appropriate forum for such a discussion. This reflects the long tradition of this institution-and all American universities-in providing a setting for the rational and free interchange of ideas. It should be noted, however, that the viewpoints expressed by the two authors are their own and may or may not be shared by the School of Medicine or the editors. Clinical Ecology: Myth and Reality BY ELLIOT F. ELLIS, M.D. Professor of Pediatrics A llergy, as a modern clinical discipline, has evolved over the past 25 years from a medical practice largely derived from empiric observations to a clinical science whose foundation is based upon understanding of the biologic phenomena involved in hypersensitivity disorders. For treatment of allergic disorders, affected individuals have looked to allergists who are specialists with formal residency training in clinical allergy and in relevant basic and applied immunology, physiology, and pharmacology. Recently, a group of physicians who have designated themselves as "Clinical Ecologists" have appeared on the Ameri- can medical scene and have promoted themselves widely. The founders of the "Clinical Ecology" movement had their roots in allergy, and the diagnostic and treatment methods presently used by their followers have some superficial resemblance to those of the conventional allergists. Thus the "ecologists" tend to be confused with allergists in the minds of the public and even physicians. However, the "ecologists' " practice, unlike that of the allergists: is based primarily on anecdotal evidence and largely invalid studies published in obscure or noncritically reviewed medical journals. Inordinately represented among "Clinical Ecologists" are physicians with charismatic personalities who BUFFAID I P HYSICIAN I use the mass media, particularly popular magazines and television "talk" shows, more than accepted channels for communication of medical findings. This article responds to the claims of the "Clinical Ecologists:' The identification of immunoglobin E (IgE) in 1966 by the Ishizakas as the principal carrier of "immediate type" or. reaginic allergy ushered in a new era in the scientific investigation of a group of diseases that affects as many as 20 per cent of the population. In 1986 we recognize the central role of the tissue mast cell in immediContinued on Page 24 02. 6 �18 RAPP From Page 16 often present with some combination of classical allergic symptoms only to be told that they do not have an allergy. All clinicians have seen patients who look and act allergic, but the negative skin tests relegate them to an ill-defined medical limbo requiring prolonged therapy with the drugs commonly used to treat allergy. The specific etiology of some of these patients' complaints can be detected after evaluation by physicians who apply the newer, broader concepts of allergy. Herein lies the crux of the present day difference of opinion. Traditionally allergists maintain a restricted and limited view. Clinical ecologists, or specialists in environmental medicine, find the original broader definition of allergy more applicable in clinical practice 2• Is a medical approach to relieve symptomatology by using an endless array of drugs for indefinite periods of time superior to elimination of etiologic factors? Are the neuroses which develop from a child's steroid facies and body less severe than those created because a child can eat his favorite food only once every four days. If the newer allergy concepts relieve hay fever and asthma, as well as symptoms in other body areas, why accept the former and deny the latter? We must critically scrutinize the repeated successes claimed by ecologists, especially when some of the preliminary scientific evidence suggests that meaningful cause and effect relationships exist. This article will elucidate the major differences between traditional allergy and the newer, more precise adaptations utilized in the environmental approach to allergy. How Do Ecologists Differ From Allergists? Scope of Illness. They differ in the scope of illness recognized as allergy. Traditional allergists confine their limited approach to well-defined, IgE-mediated conditions such as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, and anaphylactic food reactions. Ecologists recognize these same IgE-mediated complaints, plus a wide range of acute and chronic non-IgEmediated medical illnesses. The same 02186 chemical mediators travel to all body areas, not to arbitrarily limited body compartments, i.e. lungs, nose, eyes. Scientific studies indicate that IgE- and non-IgE related symptoms respond similarly to testing and treatment4•5. If we learn to recognize the patients with early evidence of mild to moderate environmental illness in our routine allergy practice, we may be able to prevent the development of an end-stage form of the disease which is manifested by severe incapacitating symptoms and innumerable sensitivities, i.e. "20th Century Syndrome." The challenge is to be able to differentiate the somatic from the functional or mixed aspects of any patient's complaints. For obvious reasons, an undetermined number of severely environmentally ill patients are erroneously labeled as malingerers or functionally ill. Allergists recognize illness caused by inhalants, pollens, molds, and IgE-mediated food reactions. Ecologists, also, investigate the role of non-IgEmediated reactions to foods, chemicals, hormones and pathogenic organisms6 . Allergy Testing. After a detailed history and physical examination, both ecologists and allergists test patients with the same rock allergy extracts. Neither group has a standard testing method. Table I compares the two methods. Provocative testing is, in essence, a quantitative bioassayi. Individual skin tests with progressively weaker blinded dilutions of extract can reproduce many patient's exact symptoms. Subjective and objective monitoring can show changes in pulse, nasal patency, lung function, handwriting, picture drawing, blood pressure, measures of cognitive function, EEG's, and immunologic parameters before, during, and after single allergy tests. The dilution which eliminates symptoms caused by a stronger concentration of the same test allergen is called the Neutralization Dosage. It is used, as needed, to prevent or relieve symptoms caused by intentional or unavoidable exposures to known offending antigens. This testing is a refined and improved, but most time-consuming variation of routine allergy testing. It appears to be effective for detecting and treating both IgE and non-IgE-related antigen sensitivities. It must be clearly understood that only Provocation/ Neutralization testing detects BUFFAID I P HY SICI AN I the commonly missed non-IgE-mediated sensitivities to foods, and that Neutralization treatment often relieves symptoms more rapidly and effectively than drugs. Some ecologists use Rinke! titration8 or treat IgE-related illness directly from "in vitro" tests9 . Neither cytotoxic tests nor urine therapy are recommended by clinical ecologists 10 • Allergy Treatment. Both ecologists and traditional allergists utilize varying degrees of dietary manipulation, environmental control, allergy extract, and drug therapy 11 • The emphasis, however, varies greatly (Table Il) 12•13 • Both groups recommend diagnostic elimination diets. Ecologists believe that one-week diets, excluding highly allergenic foods, can quickly relieve some acute and chronic symptoms 14 • Subsequent daily single food challenges can provide fast, inexpensive, accurate answers. Rotary diets enable patients to tolerate many problem foods at four-day intervals. Patients' records are meticulously and critically evaluated concerning what was eaten, smelled, or touched prior to each significant worsening of illness. Allergy-environmental-control by the traditional allergist varies from no instruction, to a printed sheet, to in-depth discussion. Ecologists emphasize an understanding of toxic and chemical reactions, in addition to dust, feather, mold spore, and pet avoidance. Health educators teach patients to recognize the diverse environmental factors which can cause illness, and how, when, and why such exposures must be evaluated, and eliminated, or avoided, if possible. Both groups utilize allergy extract therapy. Routine allergy treatment is administered subcutaneously, one to three times weekly, for up to 30 weeks and then monthly for two or more years. The ecologist's neutralization therapy can be safely self-administered either sublingually or subcutaneously. The frequency of either therapy is gradually tapered according to need. If the treatment dosage is correct, the need for drug therapy is often minimal or unnecessary. Some patients respond so well to dietary and home changes that the need for allergy extract or drug therapy is either sharply curtailed or unnecessary. In recent years, a wide range of remark- �19 \ 1 ably specific drugs have proven to be increasingly effective in relieving or masking allergic symptoms. They are used at times, to the exclusion of other measures, for treatment by some allergists. The side and long-term effects of continuous drug intervention, and possible long-term effects of smoldering persistent illness must concern caring physicians. Ecologists suggest symptomatic drug therapy initially, but the continued need for drugs indicates an inability to recognize, eliminate, or avoid offending factors. When this happens, all aspects of the patient's history and diagnosis must be reevaluated. Compliant-responsive patients appear to require fewer medications and seldom require steroids'· 11 . "Ecologists suggest symptomatic drug therapy initially, but continued need for drugs indicates an inability to recognize, eliminate or avoid offending factors. When this happens, all aspects of the patient's history & diagnosis must be reevaluated.'' \ J In summary, the typical allergist stresses symptomatic drug and allergy injection therapy first, and lesser degrees of dietary and environmental control. The clinical ecologist stresses dietary management and environmental control first, and to a lesser degree, immunotherapy. Drug therapy is markedly de-emphasized. This broader ecologic approach, however, requires continued patient instruction, supervision, compliance, and encouragement. Allergy and the Literature Scope of Food Allergy. From the '30s to the '50s, Rowe and Vaughan claimed a diverse group of idiopathic symptoms due to foods responded to dietary management 16·31 . These include depression, irritability, hyperactivity, fatigue, head and muscle aches and gastrointestinal complaints. In the '40s and '50s, Randolph expanded the role of environmentally-related illness to include chemicals 18·19 . In 1954, Speer 20 discussed the allergic-tension-fatigue syndrome and attributed unsuspected somatic, behavioral, and activity changes to foods and common inhalants. These concepts have never been fully evaluated, accepted, or included in many medical curricula, in spite of repeated claims of success. Diagnosing Food Alle rgy. Many articles state that the only reliable proof of a food allergy is to reproduce symptoms repeatedly by blinded oral challenges with encapsulated powdered foods 21 . This method will prove IgE-mediated food allergies, but will not detect the common non-IgE-mediated food-related illness which requires more antigen and may cause delayed as well as immediate symptoms. The recurrent major errors or omissions in studies related to food allergy are: l. The investigators often do not select patients who are presently sensitive to the food being tested. The existence of a food sensitivity must be confirmed at the time the study is begun. 2. If sufficient antigen is not fed to a patient with a non-IgE-mediated food problem, the patient may not react. Each patient's challenge dose must be individualized. A few capsules of dried food may not represent the quantity, nor the quality a child eats in daily life. Widely quoted food industry subsidized studies claim that food coloring is unrelated to most hyperactivity in children 22.23. Cookies with 26 mg. of food coloring, however, may not cause an observable response in a child who routinely ingests and reacts to 100 to 400 mg. per day 24•26 • 3. Food challenges must simulate real life ingestion. Dehydration alters food antigenicity. Swallowed capsules miss oral mastication, the initial phase of digestion. BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I 4. The placebo must be a placebo. Cookies made of milk, wheat, egg, sugar, and chocolate, for example, cannot be the vehicle for evaluating a food coloring challenge unless the patient is proven not to be sensitive to any of these common allergenic ingredients22. 23 ·21 • A recent double-blinded study indicates these common foods can cause hyperactivity in some children 21 • Placebo and challenge capsules should not be coated in chocolate unless this has been proven to be nonantigenic14. 5. The initial and confirmatory food challenge item must be identical, and should be presented in the form usually ingested. 6. Patients must be observed for both immediate or delayed reactions. . 7. Many parameters must be monitored during food challenge studies. One cannot assume some symptom is unrelated to a blinded challenge because that complaint was not anticipated. One challenge may interfere with a child's activity. Another child might develop nausea or misbehave. If a study monitors only the ability to learn, a sensitivity could be missed 24 •21 . 8. During food challenges, timing is critical in order to avoid overlooking masked food sensitivities to frequently ingested foods. To unmask a sensitivity, a food shall be fed on an empty stomach at a 5 to 12-day intervaF8 • Ecologists have recognized this cause of confusion and missed food diagnoses since 1951. The literature abounds with challenges at intervals of four or more weeks. Could study patients have been in a refractory state? One should evaluate all references to or studies subsidized by the food or drug industry very critically. Boards of nutrition foundations, for example, often represent large food conglomerates. Could they have vested interests? It is perplexing that some investigators state they have never witnessed nervous or behavioral disturbances during doubleblind food challenges when they appear to be reproduced so easily and frequently2q. The author has movies, videotapes, handwriting and drawing samples that clearly document behavioral changes due to ingestion of foods or skin testing with stock allergy extract in a double-blinded manner (available upon request). 02186 �20 Are Ecologic Testing Methods Valid? Successful oral food desensitization was reported in 1935 30 . Black and Vaughan reported equivocal success with similar oral pollen or food desensitization 31 • Although the efficacy of sublingual therapy m medicine has long been accepted 32 , the use of sublingual allergy extract therapy from 1944 to 1978 has been referred to as anecdotaP 3 . Traditional allergists accept that the nasal mucosa can be used to treat ragweed pollen allergies. Ironically they deny that the sublingual mucosa could be equally effective. From 1975 to 1984, four major review articles 34· 37 repeatedly quoted four major "controlled" studies, 38 -4 1 as evidence that sublingual provocation testing and treatment, or subcutaneous treatment could not differentiate between placebo controls and food extracts. Unfortunately the recent articles 35· 37 consistently fail to mention the majority of the published positive controlled studies which show the reliability of provocation testing49·60 • Based on these biased review articles, the newer concepts applied by ecologists have been unfairly judged to be neither valid nor reliable. Opponents' Literature (Widel y Quoted) Sublingual Testing and Treatment. The "controlled" studies include two short Food Allergy Committee Reports 39•40 , one double-blind study 41 , and a Letter to the Editor 38 • In these studies the methodology was vague, the challenges not randomized, and the food antigens not masked for color and taste. There were few internal controls, no outside evaluators, and no details about the intensity of the subjective or objective responses to either the challenge antigens or placebos . The 1973 Food Allergy Committee Report included data from two experienced and seven "purposely selected" inexperienced investigators 39 • The subjeers had "suspected" unproven food allergies, not necessarily to the foods being tested. The 1973 study discarded 50 per cent of the data "because the design of the study was faulty and gave an inordinate number of positive (i.e. favorable) responses" 42 . The statisticians for the study referred to the "faulty protocol" and 02/86 stated that "because of the design of the study, one must be careful about drawing any conclusions."43 In spite of that admonition, sublingual testing was labeled as neither reliable nor sensitive. The 1974 Food Allergy Committee Report failed to correct the limitations outlined in the 1973 study 39 . Part of the conclusions of the 1974 study were based on the admittedly flawed 1973 study. Both had flagrant inconsistencies, confounding variables, and obvious errors in design and execution. Lehman 41 studied patients who were purported to have food allergy with test foods and placebos to which they may or may not have been sensitive. He showed that changes in the appearance of the nasal mucosa were unreliable in determining a food allergy. Ecologists, however, do not use his unique and irrelevant end point for diagnosis. ''A 1981 summary report was critical of sublingual or provocation/ neutraliza~ tion tests and treatments. They missed all the positive studies from 1974 to 1979. Why ... .?" The Letter to the Editor 38 discussed the efficacy of neutralization by experienced ecologists. The antigen and placebo responses were both 70 per cent. Was the placebo really a placebo? This study was never published. Provocation/Neutralization. A 1981 summary report was critical of sublingual or provocation/ neutralization testing and treatment modalities (Rinke! Technique)44 . Without references it states that none of the controlled, double blinded sublingual studies shows provocation/ neutralization to be effective. They missed all the positive studies from 1974 to 1981. Why? BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I Hirsch et al. 1981 Study45 : The investigators had less than four hours of didactic training in the Rinke! technique prior to the study. The only statistically significant finding was the Symptom Medication Index used to assess subjective improvement. Suppressor T-ee!! activity changes, shown to be affected by neutralization therapy, were not measured. Bronsky et al. 1971 Study46 : This abstract discusses no placebo and does not describe the procedure used. It does not specify if the children were sensitive to the test food. The investigators' expertise regarding Provocation/ Neutralization must be questioned seriously because they "infrequently" provoked and were unable to "neutralize" symptoms. Crawford et al. 1976 Study47 : This abstract represented a study of subcutaneous provocation. It is difficult to evaluate because of the lack of details. Draper 1972 Study48 : This article discusses Rinke! Titration. It concludes that a single intradermal positive food allergy skin test should be confirmed by a subsequent oral food challenge. There were no placebos or controls. Proponents' Literature (Rarely Quoted) Sublingual Testing or Treatmen t. In 1981, King published a double-blind, rigidly controlled study 49 that shows the efficacy of sublingual testing with stock allergy extracts as a means of demonstrating cognitive emotional symptoms in 30 patients. The study is valid, reliable, and included repetitive pre- and post-base rate trials without testing, pre- and postscreening trials with placebos, multiple randomized challenges with 18 allergens and placebos, proper masking for odor and taste of both antigens and placebos, and agreement checks for reliability of inter-rater interpretations. Sound statistical analysis provided a basis for the favorable conclusions. Miller studied eight chronically ill foodsensitive patients 50 • After Provocation / Neutralization testing, he prepared treatment allergy extracts. The patients received four 20-day courses of injections with randomly assigned coded placebo or allergy extract. The food extract was superior to the placebo at 99.8 per cent lev- �el of confidence. One single-blind study 51 and eight additional double-blind studies demonstrating the efficacy of sublingual testing and/ or treatment were published between 1974 and 1983 52•57 • Critiques of each article are available upon request. In all nine studies, the antigens and placebos were masked for color and taste, the challenges were randomized, and the strength and amount of antigen and the method of testing used were current and standard for environmental medicine. There were no inconsistencies between the data presented in the text and the tables. There are no abnormally high placebo rates, and no unexplained loss of patients. Provocation/Neutralization. Three recent double-blind controlled studies support and substantiate the validity of this testing approach 58-60 • Boris et all 58 demonstrated that inhaled animal dander caused a 20 per cent drop in FEY 1 in 19 asthmatic dander-sensitive patients. This drop increased to 31.8 per cent if they were pre-treated with a place- · bo, but decreased to 10.7 per cent if the patients were pre-treated with their neutralization dose of dander. The decision to publish this article was reversed 17 months after acceptance for publication in an allergy journal. Why? Two recent subsequent studies have reconfirmed these findings. Rea et al 59 studied 20 patients with known food sensitivity. In a double-blind manner they were given either the neutralizing dose for their allergy extract, or a placebo, prior to a known offending food challenge. The neutralizing dose was found to be highly significant (p less than 0.001-0.05) in 4 / 5 sign/ symptom parameters monitored in comparison to the placebo. In 12 subjects, 4/ 6 variables were neutralized 60 per cent of the time. In 8 subjects, 2/6 were neutralized 85 per cent of the time, and the placebo neutralized 4/ 6 variables 15 per cent of the time. McGovern et al60 studied six patients in a double-blind, randomly controlled oral or chemical provocation study. The challenge foods caused symptoms during provocation intradermal testing. He monitored 19 immunological parameters prior to, and repeatedly after provocation. Markedly fluctuating parameters of inflammation were demonstrated, and correlat- ed directly with the onset and disappearance of symptoms. Double-blind studies by McGovern, 61 Crayton, Brostoff, Rapp and Egger await publication60•61 • Time will tell if quality research in this area will be allowed to be published. Immunology What Clinical Immunological Findings Do Ecologists See In Their Practices? Ecologists see patients who appear to have bizarre multi-organ responses to specific food, inhalant, pollen, mold, or chemical challenges. A theoretical single model to explain both the symptoms, and the lack of end organ specificity would be an immune complex immunopathology. Single food challenges have demonstrated both IgG and IgE complexes which "These methods afford a way to relieve some acute and chronic symptoms quickly in some patients. This frequently obviates the need for a plethora of medicine for symptoms." correlate with the onset of symptoms62 • Appropriate diets or pre-treatment with oral sodium chromoglycate can decrease both complexes and mediator relea;e. 62 ·74 A number of studies have indicated that environmentally-ill patients have immune system abnormalities 5.63-67 . These are reflected in abnormal levels ofT or B cells. The helper/ suppressor ratios are often abnormally low, or infrequently too high. Excessive complement utilization is not uncommon 5 . Some investigators have noted low IgG and low IgA, as well as elevated levels of IgG- or IgE-immune complexes. Ecologically-ill adults often have leukocyte counts which normally range BUFFAID I PHYSICIA N I from 2700 to 5000/ cu mm., and very low normal serum IgE levels. These abnormal parameters often appear to improve after proper environmental control, dietary management, chemical avoidance, and immunotherapy. A diminution of immune dysfunction in association with clinical improvement has been documented. Neutralization therapy appears to initiate a biochemical process which, at times, favorably alters the ratio of suppressor to helper Tee!! function. Opponents have labeled Provocation/Neutralization therapy as "experimental" and "unreliable:' The correct term should be "effective but not fully explained:' Innumerable clinical applications indicate it is both safe and reliable, especially for some patients wno have not responded favorably to traditional allergy care. When the Federal Register announced Medicare might withdraw funding for ecologic testing methods, they received 11,635 positive patient letters versus 32 negative letters (mainly from doctors). These methods afford a way to relieve some acute and chronic symptoms quickly in some patients. This therapy frequently obviates the need for a plethora of symptomatic medications. Critics Emphasize That Ecologic Medicine Is Expensive. In-depth initial and follow-up discussions of a patient's total environment and education concerning home, school, or work place are immensely time-consuming. Critical evaluation of dietary records, various exposures, and symptomatology takes many hours. Skin-testing with single dilutions of single antigens at 10-minute intervals, while monitoring a number of objective parameters, requires an unprecedented amount of professional time and patience. Extracts often must be prepared in normal saline because of phenol sensitivities. They are expensive to stock and a challenge to maintain. More paramedical professionals are needed, i.e. health educators, dieticians, nutritionists, and psychologists. The overhead in ecologic offices is at least 25 per cent higher than in most typical allergists' offices. One must consider that the patients' medical expenses prior to ecologic care must be contrasted with the diminished need for medications, medical consultations, office visits, and hospitali- 02/86 21 �22 zations after the patient improves4·14·ZO,ZI.Jl,JJ. How do you calculate expense when an incapacitated adult becomes a productive self-supporting member of society or a child is finally able to learn?4,15,17.68. Immunological Principles That Support Th e New Allergy Approach 69 •74. Both groups accept that food antigens combine with IgE or IgG antibodies to form immune complexes, trigger complement activation and anaphylatoxin production, and that chemical mediators are released from mast cells or basophils causing increased capillary permeability, edema, and allergic symptoms. Ecologic methods, however, cannot be explained by a limited interpretation relating antigenic reactions to IgE antibodies because many patients do not have an elevated serum IgE level. The concept that increasing doses of injected antigen will cause such a large antibody production that the immunologically reactive cells will become exhausted and unresponsive, simply does not explain the many non-IgE mediated allergic problems which respond to the newer variations of testing and treatmenri0 • Provocation/ Neutralization represents a clinical example of the accepted phasic immune response. One dose of antigen provokes an immune response 71 ·7l , weaker dilutions of antigen inactivate or neutralize that response, and still weaker dilutions of antigen will again provoke a response. The immune system is attempting to maintain homeostasis. NossaF 2 showed that dilutions weaker than 10-7 or stronger than 10-3 moles produced tolerance, whereas dilutions between 10-3 and 10-7 produced immunity. If the rat can respond differently to 0.001 than to 0.0001 moles of antigen, why can't humans? Does precise testing during Provocation/ Neutralization similarly alter the body's phase of immune response in humans? This obviously needs more study. This phasic response is due to the modulatory effects of the suppressor T cells which respond to various concentrations of antigen. "Tolerance" develops when the specific suppressor T-cell factors are dominant over the specific helper/ inducer T cell factors. This provokes a reciprocal synthesis of anti-idiotypes 02/ 86 ''Critics emphasize the expense of ecologic medicine. But how do you calculate expense when an incapacitated adult becomes a productive, self supporting member of society?'' which enhance suppressor cell acttv1ty. The latter, in turn, suppress the idiotypeproducing cells and a cycle of ever decreasing intensity is established until the baseline is again reached. How Is This Related To Provoca· tion/Neutralization? 58 •59 •62 ' 72 •74 • In essence, this method of testing is theorized to alter the ratio of antibody to antigen by the addition of a small amount of antigen. The immune complexes normally formed each day when antigens and antibodies combine must be removed quickly from the circulation by macrophages. If they are not, complement and polymorphonuclear cells are called into action. The latter can destroy nearby tissues in the process of removing the complexes. If the modulation is not balanced, clinical immune complex illness results 61-6 3. In addition, macrophages respond to antigen from skin testing by secreting antigen-specific helper and suppressor factors which affect antibody formation and circulating antigen-antibody ratios. When the T suppressor lymphocyte function becomes inadequate to control IgE-forming B cells, allergy results 73 ·74. It is thought that precisely chosen doses of injected antigens can stimulate and possibly "train" skin macrophages, enhancing their suppressor function. Antigen-antibody interaction in immune complex formation is highly dynamic. In seconds or minutes, complexes dissolve or recombine, complement is activated or inactivated and anaphylatoxininduced mediator release may or may not BUFFAID ! P H Y S I C I AN ! occur. A minute amount of antigen or antibody can shift the reaction rapidly and markedly. The right amount of antigen could shift the curve from a pathogenic to a non-pathogenic mode, relieving symptoms during neutralization. The correct amount of antigen appears to maintain equilibrium so that some patients remain asymptomatic. Mast cells and basophils release histamine by local and systemic IgE and non-IgE mechanisms. Injected antigens interact with mast cell-bound IgE in the skin to release histamine which can either "turn on" allergic symptoms by stimulating effector cells or at other concentrations, "turn off' further histamine release. Symptoms can be relieved by injecting the precise amount of antigen which "turns off," not "on; more histamine release. It, therefore, appears that two major mechanisms explain non-IgE mediated allergic responses. The first is related to altering the antigen/ antibody ratios with minute amounts of injected antigen so that surplus antigen induced immune complexes can be cleared more efficiently. The second is related to the precise amount of antigen needed to "turn off' histamine release. Both mechanisms initiate a series of complex humoral and cellular changes which can stimulate and suppress certain T and B cell functions to help restore homeostasis and a patient's sense of well-being. Conclusion The broad scope of environmentallyrelated illness has just begun to be appreciated. Physicians must help patients increase their awareness concerning potentially deleterious health factors. The ideal treatment is avoidance, but if this is not practical or possible, a trial of neutralization therapy should be considered. In the next few years less time-consuming methods will surely become available, but at present, these methods appear to help and should be utilized. Rather than refusing to observe, or discounting what is seen, the academic medical community should join forces with practicing clinical ecologists to evaluate and elucidate the significance of their clinical findings. They should endeavor to build upon the preliminary evidence which has been presented so that rigid �scientific studies can be designed to document and explain the enigmatic complexities and clinical successes noted by ecologists. Many ecologically-ill patients have a positive personal and family history of allergy. Many have typical and atypical allergic symptoms after ingestion of common foods or exposures to inhaled allergens or chemicals which can be relieved by avoidance. Their symptoms can be reproduced and relieved by single-blind allergy skin-testing using the newer variations of the traditional methods. These arguments suggest that allergy is at least one facet of the medical problem. Whether we label these observations allergy, sensitivity, or intolerance is really not the issue. Toxicology, nutrition, the psyche, and innumerable non-immune or unknown factors are probably inexplicably interwoven in ecologic illness, just as they are in many illnesses. Because of the politics of academic medicine, the astute clinician is once again relegated to a role secondary to that of the academician. We all know of potentially . helpful medical methods which have been stifled by heads of departments who favored other avenues of investigation. We all know of journals sharply edited by academicians who censor what we are allowed to read. Only the naive would not have realized that prestige, power, the pharmaceutical industry, and the pocket book have major influences upon the practice of present day medicine. Having practiced traditional pediatric allergy for 18 years, I appreciate and understand any skepticism some readers may have concerning this entire topic. The expanded role of foods and the environment in allergy seemed illogical when I first heard about it ten years ago. With immense incredulity, I tried Provocation/Neutralization. Unequivocally, this method provides relief for some patients not helped with routine allergy care. Why does the Canadian Ministry of Health 75 conclude in 1985 that environmental hypersensitivity illness does indeed exist and requires further investigation? Those who refuse personally to critique the literature, to observe or listen to the patients who claim to be helped, or to try the techniques and evaluate them for themselves must be asked one difficult question: Why are they reluctant? Shouldn't the patient be our top priority? If something helps, even if we don't understand why, shouldn't we use it? Greater understanding will benefit both our patients and our profession. "Only the naive would not have realized that prestige, power, the pharmaceutical industry, and the pocket book have major directive influences on medical practice." (Dr. Rapp board-certified 1n pediatrics and pediatnc allergy. ~ a fellow 1n pediatrics. pediatric alleiQY. preventive medic100. and enwonmental medicine. She received UB's 1985 DIStinguished Alum,.; Award and is the author of 34 techr;cal articles and five book~ Besides lectunng extensively, her clir;cal studies hove been shown as documentanes in Canada. England. and Germany. Her latest book. "The Impossible Child" with a companion video tape. will be released shortly.) Source of Test Antigen Tradit ion al Allergy Stock Supply Companies Same Method of Testing Scratch, Prick, Intradermal Intradermal, Sublingual, Rarelv Scratch Cone. Used I:IO Dilutions (Weak to Strong) 1:5 Dilunons (Strang to Weak) Items Tested Dust, Mites, Pollens, Molds, Foods Same as Left Plus Chemicals, Hormones, Bacteria Way to Test 10-40 Ag at Same Time 1 Ag Dilution, Single Blindly, Every 10 Minutes Monitored Size of Wheal and Erythema After 10 Minutes Size of Wheal, and signs and symptoms plus when indicated, q. 10. min. pulse, PFM, BP, drawings, wnnng, and immunological parameters Treatment Dust, Mites, Pollens, Molds, :--Jot to Foods All on left, plus Foods Method of Rx. S.C. Allergy Extract. Administered by Physician or Nurse. Sublingual or S.C. Allergy Extract taken by Patient . Environmental Medicine ~ Trad itional Allergy Text {Ref. No. 17 · Middleton) pages 1182 Total Text Environmental Control 7 (0.5%) Food Allergy Allergy Extract Therapy Drug Therapy PHYSICIAN I 807 154 (19%) 16 (1.3%) 86 31 (2.6"ol 2 (3%) 210 (18%) BUFFAID I Clinical Ecology Text {Ref. No. 18 • Dickey) pages (11~o) 6 (0.7"''0) 02 86 23 �24 (Due to space limitations, bibliographic references have been condensed using Lancet's former style. To obtain complete bibliography, contact editor of this magazine.) De~qgned to 12. I 3. 14. 15. 16. I 7. 18. 19. ldenofy and Treat Env~ronmemal 70. 72. 73. furman, R. Medocal Hypoth""". 1981, 7, 1009-1017. 2. Von Ptrquet, C. Allergie. Munch. MecL Wochen~hr. 1906, 51, 1457. 3. Doerr, R. Arch. Dermatol. Syph., 19Z6, 151.7. -1. Rea, \"('.)., eta!. Ann. Allergy, 1981, -17, JJB-34-1. 5. Sandberg, D.H., et a!. Lancet, !'<b. 19, 1977, 388-JQI. 6. McGovern,).)., et a!. Ann. Allergy, !981, nt23. i. Mtller, J.B.: Food AllMg). Prot.ocarn:e Tesrmg and lnJecUon thera~. Charles C. Thomas, Sprongfield, IL, !972. 8. Rooke!, H.). Arch. Otolaryn., 1963, 77, 302-326. 9. Nalebuff, D.)., Conun. Educ. on OR.L. & Allergy, 1978, 40, 47·59. 10. Acad. of Envtr. Med. Position Paper. A New Medtcal Specialty II. Regard mg Cert am Testing and Treatment Modalaies for Aller· 71. REFERENCES I. 67. Rea, W.j. Ann. A llergy, 1977, 38, 245-251. 68. M• ll ma n, et a!. Ann. A llergy, 1976. 36, 149-160. 69. Levm, A. & Miller, J.B. A Presentauon to Insurance Companies and Ecologic 74. 75. gic Conditions. Amer. Acad. Envir. Mecl. , Amer. Acad. OrolaryngJC A llergy, and Pan-A mer. A llergy Soc., Jan. 1984. Jerne, N. D. Lecture, Mar. 20, 1975, Basel lnst. for Immunology, Ba~el. wit:erland. Mnch 1son, N .A. , Immu nology, 1968, 15-509. Nossal, G.V., Shell am, G.R. Immunology, 1968, 14,2]3. Rocklm, R. E. eta!. ew Engl. J. Med., 1980. 302, 1213. Brostoff, j.: Immunologica l Mechanisms of Product ion of Food Allergy Sy mptom!!;. Presented at the Brit. Soc. for Clio. Ecology wnh Soc. for Chn. Ecology (USA ), May 30, 198-1, Torquay, England. Canada M•mstry of Hea lth, 1985, 2 vol. , 512 pp. lOt h A. Hepburn Block, Toronto, ON. M7AZC-!. Ill~ ne". 198-1-1985. Gerrard, JG., Food Allt<T. :O,'eu Prnpecmes. Charles C. Thomas, Sprongfield, IL., !980. Middleton, E., Jr., et al: Alli?J'g)- Pnnoples and Praaice. St. l..oui!;, C.V. Mosby Co., 1983. Doc key, L.D., Clmli:al Ecolo~ . Sprongfield, Charles C. Thomas Pub!., 1976. Rapp, D.j., All"!:'" and "''" romih. N.Y., SterHng Pubhshong Co., 1980. Shambaugh, G.E., Amer. J. Otology, 5(1),63-65, 1983. Rowe, A.H., Food Allt<T Sprongfield, IL Charles C. Thomas, 1972. Shambaugh, G. E. So. Med. & Surgery, Jan. 1933, 15-19. Randolph, T.H. Ann. Allergy, 19-15, 3, -118. Randolph, TD. J. Pediamcs, 1947, 31, 560. Speer, F. Ann. Allergy, 195-1, 12, 168. Bock, S.j., May, C. Allergy, 1978, 33, 167-188. 20. 21. 22. Conners, C.K. Pedtatrics, 1976, 58, 154~166 . 23. Harley, J.P., et a!. Pediatncs, 1978, 61, 818-827. H Swanson, j.M. Smnce, 1980, 207, 1-!85-1487. 25. \X'eic;!>, B. Amer. Health, May/june, 1982, 68-iJ. 26. R•ppere, V. Bm. J. Cion. Psychology, 1983, 22, 19-32. 27. Egger,)., et a!. Lancet, Mar. 1985, 541-5-!5. 28. Rmkel, H.)., et aJ, fuod Ali<T Sprongfield IL Charles C. Thomas, !951, 10-16. 29. May, C.D. 'ESA Proceedmg>, 1981, 2(4), 100-201. 30. Kesron, B., eta!.). Allergy, 1935, 6, 431. 31. Vaughan, WT. & Black, J.H., Pracnce of All~. St. Lou"' C.V. Marsh Co. 3rd ed., 321-323, 1954. lZ. C.buld1, M., Kamg, J.). Oral Therapeuncs & Pharrnacology, 1965, I, -1-10. 33. Hanc;el, EK., Tram:. Amer. Soc. Ophtha lmologic & Otolaryng. Allerg1·, 1970, II; 93. 3-1. Colbert, T.M. J. Allergy & Chn. Immunology, 1975, 56, 170-190. 35. Groeco, M.H., )AMA, 1982, 247, 3106-llll. 36. Van Metre, T.E. Pe-diatric Clinics -of 1orth Amenca , 1983, 30, 7-817 37. 38. 39. -!0. -II. -12. -!3. -1-1. 45. 46. -17. -18. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53 . 5-!. 55. 56. 57. 58. Re1c;man, R: Amer. Academy of Allergy: Pmmon Statements· controverc;ial techniques. Allergy & Clin. Immunology, 67, Jll-JJ8, 1981 Ka.Jm. E., Co!Her, R. JAMA, 1971, 217, 78. Breneman, )C., et a!. Ann. Allergy, 1973, 31, 382. Breneman, )C., et a!. Ann. Allergy, 1974, 33, 16-1. Lehman, C.\"1" Ann. Allergy, 19 , -15, 144. Breneman, )C., et a!. Ann. Allergy, !97l, 383. Breneman, ).C., et a!. Ann. Allergy, 1973. 385. )AMA, Jq81. 241'(14), 1499. H"«:h, S.R .. eta!., J. Allergy & Chn. Immunology, 1981, 68. IJ3. Bron<ky, EA, et a!. J. Allergy, 1971, 4/; 10-1, (Abstract). Crawford, LV., eta!. J. Allergy & Clm. Immunology, 1976, 57, 236. Draper, WL, Arch, Otolaryngology, !972, 95, 169. King, D.S., Bmlog~eal Psych•atry, 1981. 16, 3-19. M•ller, ).B. Ann. Allergy, !977, 38, 185-191. Green, M. Ann. Allergy, 197-1. 33, 27-1. Rapp, D.). Med. ). Austral.a, 1978, I, 571. Rapp, O.j. Tran'. A mer. Soc Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology, 1q7s, ts, t4q. Rapp, D.). J. Learnmg D«abd•nes, 1979, 12, 42-50. Mandell, M, Conte, A. lnrernauonal Acad. Prev. Med .. july 5-6, 1981. 0 hea, )A, Porter, S.E). Learning D«ab.I•nes, 1981, 14, 189. Monro, J Proc. Nutr. Society, 1983, 42, 241. Bow., M., et a!. Allergy & Immunology, 1983, 71, I, Part 2, 9!. (Ab-.trau) 59. Rea, W.j., et a!. Arch. Otolaryngology, 198-1. 110, 2-!8-252. 60. McGovern, j.J.. et a!., Otolaryngology, 109, 192-297, 1983. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. Mt.:Govern, J.J., et al. Poster abstract at Amer. Coli . og Allergy Meeting, On. 1984. Bro<toff, J., et a!. Lancet, 1979, june 16, !268-1270. MeGa-ern, J.J. Orthomolecular Psychmtry, 1983, 12(1), 60-71. McGovern, JJ, et al. lnternauonal j. for B1osocia l Research, 1983, -!(!), 40-42. Rea, W.j., et a!. Ann. Allergy, 1978, 41(2), 101-110. Rea, W.j. Ann. Allergy, 1978, 40(4), 24 3-251. 02/86 BUFFAID !PHYSICIA N I ELLIS From Page 17 ate type hypersensitivity disorders and have an understanding on a molecular basis of the nature of the events leading to the triggering of mast-cell bound IgE and the release of the biologically active molecules (known as chemical mediators) responsible for tissue injury and the patient's signs and symptoms. Insights into the fundamental nature of IgE-mediated allergy have led to the development of both immunologic and pharmacologic methods for modulating the release of mast-cell-derived chemical mediators to the great advantage of allergy sufferers. It has also become evident in recent years that there are many nonimmunologic factors that can trigger mediator release from mast cells and basophils. Since mediator release is the final common pathway leading to tissue injury, what appears to be a typical allergic reaction, hives for example, may have no immunologic basis at all. Great care must be taken by the allergist not to confuse immunologically and non-immunologically based reactions with each other and in particular not to use immunologically based methods to treat non-immunologic conditions. While the interaction of antigens with antibodies of immunoglobulin classes other than IgE (IgG, IgM for example), or with sensitized lymphocytes, may cause tissue injury in a variety of immunologic disorders, e.g. lupus erythematosus, the allergist concerns himself principally with conditions in which IgE-mediated allergy may be involved. Evaluation of patients with common nasal, lung, skin, and gastrointestinal symptoms frequently proves the involvement oflgE-mediated sensitivity. For example the prototypic IgEmediated disorder is ragweed hay fever, a condition affecting the respiratory tract, due to sensitization to ragweed pollen. However, we recognize that many environmental substances, e.g. various kinds of inhaled particulate matter, foods, drugs, that satisfy the chemical requirements for immunogenicity, are capable of causing disease in various parts of the body. Thus individuals with IgE-mediated allergy can suffer not only from hay fever and asthma but also from skin, gastrointestinal, and other organ-system disorders. �The allergist, by a combination of a thoughtful history obtained from the patient, a reasonable number of skin tests based upon the history, and other tests as indicated, is able to arrive at a correct diagnosis in the large majority of instances. Subsequent to the identification of the allergen responsible for the patient's illness, a therapeutic program is initiated that involves: (1) Avoidance of the allergen to the extent possible. If a child is allergic to cat or dog dander, there is no substitute for elimination of the dog or cat from the child's environment and this is the treatment of choice. Similarly, if a food can be shown to be an important allergen by history or skin testing, then avoidance of the food is the most effective, safest, and least expensive treatment. (2) Immunotherapy (also known as allergy hyposensitization) by a graded series of subcutaneous injections of extracts of those allergens that cannot be avoided, e.g. pollens, is often helpful. However, there is an important caveat regarding immunotherapy, namely that immunother- · apy should only be used for those allergens and in those diseases where it has been proven to be effective on the basis of properly designed and controlled studies. The value of immunotherapy has been established using extracts of pollens and house dust in patients with hay fever and asthma and in subjects allergic to the venom of stinging insects. Immunotherapy using food extracts by any route of administration has not been proven to be efficacious. Administration of food extracts may be dangerous in certain circumstances and should not be used. (3) Pharmacotherapy to modulate the release or generation of the chemical mediators of the allergic reaction, or to block or reverse mediator effect on the affected body tissues, is a most effective way of treating IgE-mediated disorders. T his thoughtful approach to diagnosis and therapy is successful in the large majority of instances in providing the patient with relief of complaints when the latter are indeed due to allergy. While allergists spend much of their time evaluating the role that lgE-mediated allergy plays in the pathogenesis of many common respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin conditions, they are equally concerned with disorders in which IgE is not involved or plays only a minor role. For example, allergists/ clinical immunologists have made major contributions to understanding: (1) an important group of occupational and environmental diseases, the hypersensitivity pneumonidities, and to the role of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), trimellitic anhydride (TMA), formaldehyde, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen as symptom-producing chemicals in susceptible individuals; (2) the role of drugs, e.g. aspirin and other simple chemicals e.g. sulfites, as provocateurs of sym- "The only characteristic unifying the Clinical Ecologists is that the overwhelming majority have had no scientific training in laboratory or clinical research." ptoms in patients with asthma and rhinitis; (3) the pathogenesis of signs and symptoms of angioedema in patients with complement-system mediated disorders such as hereditary angioedema, and (4) the interaction of various immunoglobulin classes in the pathogenesis of immune complex disease, and most recently the role of arachidonic acid metabolites (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) in various disorders. The claim that the "traditional" allergist/ clinical immunologist is concerned only with lgE-mediated diseases is false and ignores years of research and publications in reputable scientific journals. In contrast to the allergist/ clinical immunologist's approach to the diagnosis and therapy of allergic diseases derived from hypotheses which have been validated by sound laboratory and clinical investigation, the so-called "Clinical Ecologists," existing on the fringes of medical science BUFFAID )PHYSICIAN] have made expansive and vague claims about a "new approach to allergy." "Clinical Ecology" is not a recognized medical discipline, has no residencies, nor formal training programs; it is, rather, what has been called a "medical subculture" with an ideology that stresses environmental causes of mental and physical illnesses with particular focus on illnesses that have been diagnosed as psychiatric.' The founders of the movement particularly dedicate their work to "all patients who have ever been called neurotic, hypochondriac, hysterical, or starved for attention while suffering from environmentally induced illnesses~ 1 Theories and practices espoused by "Clinical Ecologists" are not new. They were formulated by Herbert Rinke! and Theron Randolph over 40 years ago. They were, however, rejected by the best clinical scientists of their day because of lack of validity. 1 "Clinical Ecologists" offer an alternative to traditional medicine and in particular, dissociate themselves from "traditional" allergists whom they say "are principally interested in bodily mechanisms and in drug treatment." At a time in the history of the United States when there is great concern among the public about the contamination of the water, the air, and the environment in general, it is easy to understand the appeal of clinical ecology, which fits very nicely with the back-to-nature, organic food, megavitamin, antifluoridation, antidrug (meaning medication of any kind), have-your-child-birth-at-home movements, and anticonventional medicine philosophy of some of our citizens. As a group, "Clinical Ecologists" who have formed organizations with legitimate sounding names (Society of Clinical Ecology, American Academy of Environmental Medicine) come from many backgrounds in medicine- family practitioners, psychiatrists, otolaryngologists, urologists, and pediatricians. While some are certified in one speciality or another (E T, family medicine, pediatrics), their training in the theory and technical aspects of "Clinical Ecology" consists of a few days to a week, here or there, taking courses put on by other "Clinical Ecologists," themselves self-trained. Their only unifying characteristic is that the overwhelming majority have had no scientific training in laboratory or clinical research. 02/86 25 �26 Aside from one or two academic dropouts, none are, or ever have been, members of medical school faculties in departments of microbiology or allergy/immunology. On an individual basis, physicians who espouse the "Clinical Ecology" theories are generally quite charming, ofren charismatic, reasonable sounding physicians with a definite evangelical bent. They are precisely the kind of physicians who are likely to be the most effective purveyors of the placebo effect regardless of the nature of the treatment proffered. 4 Some compare themselves to Semmelweiss in the sense that he, too, was not believed for his theories regarding the cause of puerperal fever. As a group they feel there is a conspiracy among the "traditional allergists" to suppress their findings. Yet the history of science has shown that fundamental truths cannot long be suppressed. The table accompanying this article, which was abstracted from a publication on Laetrile, shows a striking similarity among the attitudes of various cure movements throughout the history of medicine in the United States and those of the "Clinical Ecologists~ 5 The diagnostic and treatment techniques used by "Clinical Ecologists" are a curious mix of in vivo and in vitro methods for measuring lgE-mediated allergy, immune complex disease, and cell-mediated immunity with other methods known as "the unconventional and unproven procedures." These include leukocytotoxic testing, intracutaneous and subcutaneous provocation and neutralization, sublingual provocation and neutralization, and a few others. For example, the "Clinical Ecologists~ claim that they can not only provoke various symptoms including convulsions (seizures) by the subcutaneous injection of an extract of a food or chemical to which the patient is "sensitive" but can also neutralize a seizure by a weaker dilution of the same extract that produced the sign or symptom. If the sign or symptom, be it a seizure or other, cannot be neutralized by injection of a weaker dilution, then they "go the other way" and increase the concentration of the neutralizing solution. They perform allergy skin tests with sugar solutions, motor-vehicle exhaust fumes, Coca-Cola, and other similar materials which have never been shown to induce an immune response. The 021 6 American Academy of Allergy and Immunology and the National Center for Health Technology have concluded that these methods have no scientific basis. 6•7 While the "Clinical Ecologists" decry the use of pharmacologic agents, many U6e not only conventional drugs but others. For example, sodium bicarbonate given intravenously or orally in the form of"AlkaSeltzer Gold" is a favorite among "Clinical Ecologists" "to neutralize" the patients' symptoms. The entire scheme is designed to always provide an answer, always to find a cause, and there never being any questions, is very satisfying to both doctor and patient. Not only have the "Clinical Ecologists" failed to prove that their clinical observations are valid, but they have not provided the scientific underpinning for their theories. Their "research" is published in obscure journals, e.g. Journal ofMetabology, Orthomolecular Psychiatry, and in E T journals (where apparently they have found a sympathetic but uncritical ear), often as a "preliminary report" (the definitive report never follows), and the treatments are an unbelievable 99.8 per cent effective.8 sentially invalids. Newspapers regularly run features on these unfortunate people who believe that they can survive only in the middle of a desert or on top of a mountain and thus make a sensational feature story. 9•10•11 While individuals so affected are said to be "allergic to everything," chemicals and odors of all kinds and foods have received major emphasis as causal factors in their illness. Two recent studies of patients with "the 20th Century Syndrome" (one of seven pa- "The entire scheme zs designed to always find an answer, always to find a cause. Since there are no questions, it is satisfying to both doctor & patient." W ho are the patients of the "Clinical Ecologists"? In our American society there are a number of individuals, generally adults, who suffer from a variety of multi-system complaints. These complaints may be referable to any organ system in the body but the more common symptoms include fatigue, nausea, headache, dizziness, poor memory, confusion, abdominal pain, nasal irritation, throat irritation, and musculoskeletal pain. Less commonly the subject is troubled by anxiety, crying, anger, "fuzzy" thinking, "spaciness," hyperventilation, faintness, numbness, etc., etc., etc. Extensive biochemical and immunologic testing has failed to show any evidence of relevant organic disease and yet the subject is severely disabled. They have been led to believe by the "Clinical Ecologists" that they are "allergic to everything" and a new syndrome has been invented to accommodate their complaints. They are said to suffer from "the 20th Century Syndrome," "Total Immune Disorder Syndrome," or "Total Allergy Syndrome" and must live severely restricted lives in stringently controlled environments and are es- BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN I tients by a psychiatrist 1 and a 50-patient study by an allergist/clinical immunologist 12) have concluded t hat these subjects are ill but not with organic disease. Their complaints and clinical patterns are typical of a variety of psychiatric disorders, e.g. somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, conversion hysteria, anxiety state, and depression. 13•14 One must be very careful, however, not to apply a psychiatric diagnosis before all other organic causes of illness have been excluded. Very recently it has been shown that some individuals with chronic marked fatigue, chronic mild sore t hroat, myalgia, and other various non-specific complaints (very reminiscent of those of the "20th Century Syndrome" sufferers) had evidence of persisting Epstein-Barr infection (the virus of infectious mononucleosis). 15 Of interest is the fact that many of these subjects had turned to non-traditional forms of therapy including megavitamins and "Clinical Ecology" after unsuccessful consultation with traditional medical practitioners toward whom much anger and �distrust was directed. "Clinical Ecologists" have also become involved in the controversy concerning a link between anti-social and criminal behavior and diet. While no single mechanism has been advanced to explain the putative relationship between dietary compost non and aberrant behavior, hypoglycemia, excess sugar intake, food additives, and food allergies have been proposed. Despite lack of scientific evidence to support the diet-antisocial behavior link, stimulated by the "Clinical Ecology" theory, the diets of inmates in correctional facilities have been modified as has the sugar intake of juvenile delinquents. A critical review of the studies purporting to support the relationship between diet and antisocial behavior has shown them to have serious flaws in study design and statistical analyses. 16 A legal precedent for criminals who seek to explain their antisocial behavior by blaming "a reaction" to a dietary constituent has already been established in California. In 1979, on the recommendation of the jury, a judge sentenced a police officer who murdered the mayor of San Francisco and a councilman to a term of only five years. The officer's lawyers successfully argued that the policeman's irrational behavior was due to a chemical in a "Twinkie" that he had ingested. This result, the product of the "Clinical Ecology" mind-set, has come to be known as the "Twinkies defense." Another group of subjects whose behavioral patterns are not easily explained are children with attention-deficit disorder (also known as hyperactivity syndrome of childhood). These children have been extensively investigated because of the claim that artificial food colors and flavorings are responsible for their aberrant behavior. The major criteria for diagnosis of this syndrome includes inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The condition is most often diagnosed when a child enters school and affects boys more than girls by a ratio of 5:1 to 9:1. While it is highly probable that there are many etiologies for this syndrome including genetic predisposition and prenatal and perinatal insults to the central nervous system, the food dye and flavoring hypothesis has received the most recent attention. Many well-designed, double-blind controlled challenge studies (conducted under the auspices of eminent medical and behavioral scientists representing major medical and other scientific organizations and hardly tools of the food industry as charged by the "Clinical Ecologists") have failed to support the food and dye coloring hypothesis as a cause of the syndrome in the overwhelming majority of affected children. 1i Food allergies have also been implicated in the etiology of hyperactivity but in this instance too there is little evidence to support the hypothesis. onetheless in the hands of the "Clinical Ecologists," children are subject to rigidly controlled diets and treated with drops of food and other extracts administered under their tongues for indeterminate periods of time until the parents become discouraged or they run out of money. Families are torn apart because one parent believes the "Clinical Ecologist" and the other parent sees no relationship between the child's behavior and dietary composition or favorable results from "the drops-under-the-tongue treatment." Despite the lack of scientific validity of their practices, 18•19 "Clinical Ecologists" have a vocal patient constituency as did the supporters of Krebiozen, the cancer cure of the 1950s, and Laetrile of the 1970s. The clinical ecologists provide simple answers to complex questions. It is much easier for the distressed parents of a hyperactive child to believe that he is nutritionally damaged than to be told that the fundamental nature of the problem is poorly understood or perhaps the child has a behavioral problem. Similarly, for the obese person to feel that food allergy makes him crave food or the alcoholic to believe that he drinks because he is allergic to grain products, and therefore craves them, is more emotionally acceptable than facing the facts. Other patients who are dissatisfied with the opinions rendered by physicians who espouse a scientific approach to diagnosis and treatment will seek healers who provide explanations more to the patients' liking and which fulfill their psychologic needs. Since patients seem to be satisfied by the treatment that they receive from "Clinical Ecologists," and indeed they (or their insurance carriers) are willing to pay large sums of money for the care, how are they BUFFAID (PHYSICIAN! harmed? If one is not concerned that the theories underlying "Clinical Ecologists'" treatment have no factual basis and that the treatment is ineffective, there are yet other concerns. First, the restrictions placed upon the patient's life and those around him are considerable. Some of these unfortunate individuals are virtually hermits, and visitors to their dwellings must take extraordinary precautions (wearing only cotton clothing doubly washed in Ivory soap and "Food allergies have been implicated in the etiology of hyperactivit) but in this instance also there is little evidence to support the hypothesis. . .." 1 soaked in baking soda; hair shampooed with herbal shampoo prior to the visit; no plastics, deodorants, perfumes, or shaving lotions allowed; and shoes left outside the door). Second, children who are misdiagnosed as being "allergic" or otherwise adversely affected by foods or food additives have severe dietary restrictions imposed upon them and are prone to develop neurotic attitudes about foods as they get older. Third, patients' lives are diverted in a totally non-productive way that does not permit them to enter or continue in the mainstream of social and occupational life. For example the great majority of individuals who claim to suffer from "20th Century Syndrome" are unable to work and are seeking Workmen's Compensation for "industrial illness." Fourth, individuals who carry out antisocial activities are able to avoid responsibility for their actions by claiming "it was not their fault" and a food reaction was to blame. Fifth, there are serious ethical considerations involved in introducing treatments before they have been proven 02186 27 �28 to be safe and effective. Some would regard this as human experimentation, without proper safeguards. Sixth, the public is forced to pay for unnecessary increases in utility construction costs, e.g. erecting wind barricades to "protect" the home of a person with a "20th Century Syndrome" from dust stirred up during a small sewer project and neighbors denied sewer service (an actual case in Buffalo). Finally, at a time of increasing concern about health care costs, large sums of money are being wasted on the "Clinical Ecologists' " exorbitantly expensive diagnostic and treatment regimens. (Dr Ellis IS chief. Allergy/Immunology Dtvrs10n. Children's Hospital and is the new presrdent of the Amencan Aca demy of Allergy and Immunology. He is the past charrman of the US Department of Pediatrics and rs coeditor of the textbook Allergy· Prrncrples and Practice.) (Due to space limitations, bibliographic references have been condensed using Lancet's former style. To obtain complete bibliography, contact the editor of this magazine). REFERENCES Brodsky, C.M. Psychosomatics, 1983, 24, 731-742. 2. Randolph, T.G. and Moss, R.W. An Alternative Approach to Allergies: The New Field of Clmical Ecology Unravels the EnvlronI. memal Causes of Mental and Physical Ills. N.Y., NY, lippincott & Cromwell, 19 3. Loveless, M.H. ). Allergy, 1950, 21; 500-509. 4. N. Cousins. Saturday Review, 1977, 10, I. 5. Laetrile: The Commissioner's Decision. H.E.W. Publication No. 77-3056, 1978, p. xii. 6. American Academy of Allergy: Positton StatememsComroversial Techniques. J. Allergy Chn. lmmunol., 1981, 67: 333-338. 7. Report from National Center for Health Care Technology. ).A.M.A., 1981, 246, 1499. 8. Moller, ).B. Ann. Allergy, 1977, 38, 185-191. 9. Voell, P.: Allergic to Everything. Buffalo News, Section D, pp. 1-2, Sept. 24, 1984. 10. Allergy Sufferer is Seekmg co Cheat Death. Buffalo News, july 3, 1984. II. Brody, J.: Clm1cal Ecology: Uncertain Quam1ty. Ne\v York Times, Secuon C, pp. I & 8, Jan. 2, 1985. 12. Terr, A.l.: •Env1ronmemal Illness•: A Clinical Rev1ew of Fifty Cases. Ann. lmern. Med. Accepted for Publicauon. 13. Monson, R.A., Smorh, Jr., GR. N. Engl. ). Med., 1983, 308, 1464-1465. 14. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMemal D1sorders. 13th Edition. Washington, D.C., Amer. Psychiatric Assoc., 1980, pp. 241-252. 15. Strauss, S.E., Tosato, G. Ann. lmern. Med., 1985, 102, i-16. 16. Gray, G.E.: Diet, Crime, and Delinquency: A Critique. Nutr. Rev. (Suppl). In press, 1985. 17. The National Adv1sory Commmee on Hyperkinesis and Food Addiuve. Final Report co the utmion fi:>undation. 18. Gneco, M.H. ).A.M.A., 1982, 247, 3106-3111. 19. Van Metre, Jr., T.E. Pediatr. Chn. N.A., 1983, 30, 807-817. TABLE I COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS CURE MOVEMENTS The proponents don the mantle of science while at the same time traducing the reputable scientists of their day; They claim that prejudice of organized medicine hinders their efforts; They cite examples of physicians and scientists of the past who were forced to fight the rigid dogma of their day; They rely heavily on testimonials and anecdotes as evidence that their remedy is safe and effective; They do not use regular channels of communications, such as journals, for reporting scientific information, but rely instead on the mass media and word of mouth; Their chief supporters are not people trained or experienced in treating the disease or in scientific methodology; They offer a simplistic theory for causation of disease; Their remedy is easy and pleasant, compared with the frightening therapies wielded by orthodox physicians; They claim the mode of administration of a drug and the method of treatment can be learned only from them. Laetrile. The Commissioner's Decision. H.E.W. Publication No. 77-3056, 1978, p. xii. 02186 BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I �29 MEDICAL SCilOC)L EW DEAN VISITS CHINA 1D REINFORCE THE UB CONNECTION . BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER T The Fifth Family Weekend last October was the most well attended to date, with over 600 participating, including 369 famil) members and guests. (Clockwise from top) Second )ear medical student Ann Levine (far right) cont•ersing with her mother (far left), u:hile children and wife of second )"ear student Richard ]unke play around table. 2nd )ear medical student Gail Pleban (far right) enjO)mg activities with her fiance, mother, and aunt (sitting). Wendy Zimmer and other students on Farber Hall steps. he "Chinese Connection" to the UB Medical School has been further reinforced by a personal visit to China by the school's highest officer. During the last two weeks of September 1985, Vice President John Naughton, dean of the Medical School, was a guest of Beijing Second Medical College and Kunming Medical College in southwest China. The goal of the visit, aughton's first to China, was to ·expand the University's formal agreement with China's major educational system to include the UB Medical School. The original agreement, signed in 1981 (after two years of negotiations) by former President Robert Ketter and renewed in 1984 by President Steven Sample, provides for four programs: exchange of scholars; fellowships for visiting graduate students; joint research; and exchange of publications. The agreement also stipulates that the Beijing System is not to enter into an extensive collaborative effort with any other U.S. university. Although over a dozen UB departments or schools so far have participated with China under the University-wide agreement, the Medical School's involvement has included only visits by Chinese faculty in pathology, physiology, and immunology. The purpose of Dr. aughton's visit was to discuss expanding the program to include more frequent medical scholar exchanges, including having medical professors visit China, training programs here for Chinese researchers, and collaboration in research, especially oncology. The results of the meetings with the Chinese officials will be discussed with President Sample to prepare and finalize an agreement later this year. BUFFAID fPHYSICIANi One Medical School department, Nuclear Medicine, already has an independent ongoing exchange agreement with Beijing Normal University, signed in 1983 (see Buffalo Physician, May '84, and July '85). UB's School of Management also has an agreement independent from the University-wide agreement. Accompanied by his wife, Margaret, Dr. Naughton toured Beijing Second Medical College and other Beijing sites such as Red Square, the Summer and Winter Palaces, and the Ming Tombs. They also visited the Great Wall, the Terra Cotta Men near Xien and in southwest China near Burma, Kunming Medical College, and the Forest of Rocks. "Their education system is so different. They have five-year medical colleges combining both undergraduate and medical students. Students have severe competition. Only one-fourth of all Chinese applicants are admitted and there are only 59 medical schools, each with 500 students per class; Dr. Naughton comments. UB's medical classes average 135. Another difference "is that China puts out mostly generalists, few medical specialists. Also, its research programs are just beginning, but I'm glad to say, also rapidly improving; he adds. Regarding the rest of that vast country, Dean aughton was impressed with the friendly, proWestern attitude. Also, while the Chinese still struggle economically, food production is quite adequate and a certain amount of capitalism is appearing, especially a free market in farming. "However, people still live in austerity, and transportation and housing are still problems. The country is clearly in transition from old to new." That transition, it appears, will be boosted by the Medical School's efforts, as we benefit • from their cooperation. 02/86 �30 MEDICAL SCHOOL '"TEWS Exercise benefits cardiac patients BY BRUCE S. KERSH ER R egularly performed physical activity benefits cardiac patients by improving their physical working capacity and sense of well being and by decreasing the demands on the myocardium at rest and low levels of exertion. These findings, initially reported in non-controlled studies of myocardial infarction patients, were confirmed by a randomized trial directed nationally by John Naughton, M.D., vice president for clinical affairs, dean of the School of Medicine. The National Exercise and Heart Disease Project (NEHDP) was initially funded in 1972 by the Rehabilitation Services Administration while Dr. Naughton served at George Washington University's School of Medicine as director of the RSA-sponsored Regional Rehabilitation Research and Training Center. When he became dean of UB's School of Medicine in 1975, Buffalo became the administrative center of the study. Other collaborating centers included Case Western Reserve School of Medicine (Dr. Herman D. Hellerstein), University of Alabama (Dr. Albert Oberman), Emory University (Dr. Charles Gilbert), and Lankenau Hospital, Philadelphia (Dr. Alan Barry). The study recruited 651 male patients each of whom was followed for at least three years. Actual intervention was terminated on December, 1980, and reports have been forthcoming from the investigators since the summer of 1981. Dean aughton and his collaborators have been proud of this scientific effort, because it "represents the most comprehensive study of a group of myocardial infarction patients who were treated with exercise intervention." Almost half of the 651 patients, 323, were randomly assigned to an exercise regimen and the other 228 were assigned to a control group. All patients were followed in the same manner for three years. Almost twenty per cent of the patients had recovered from two or more heart attacks. The national project served to confirm that 02/86 graded exercise testing as well as regularly supervised and prescribed exercise could be performed safely. "There were no serious complications with either the testing procedure employed to evaluate a patient's progress or in the actual physical activity programs," Dean aughton reported. The study demonstrated that regularly performed physical activity enhanced physical working capacity, and resulted in statistically significant decreased plasma triglycerides, resting diastolic blood pressure, and body fat content. There were some areas of disappointment for the investigators. For example, on the question of longevity, there was good news and bad news. The good news was that the mortality rate was 37 per cent lower in the training cardiac patients than in the sedentary patients. Unfortunately, although a very promising finding, the difference did not achieve statistical significance. Thus, the results must be interpreted conservatively since the "case for exercise is either proved nor disproved" on this matter. "Had we been able to study more patients in the same manner, perhaps 1400 to 1500 patients instead of 651, this question probably could have been resolved once and for all," Dean Naughton stated. "The agency simply wasn't able to provide sufficient funding to perform the definitive study; we may have lost a unique opportunity forever." The $5 to $6 million funding for the study, begun in 1972, would not be much compared to a new and more comprehensive study. Another area that probably disappointed many exercise enthusiasts is that related to the effects of exercise on high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDLC. Dr. John LaRosa of George Washington University conducted this part of the study. The results indicated that neither plasma cholesterol nor HDLC levels were affected by the physical activity regimen. It would appear that their indices must be treated primarily with diet or some other form of intervention. Dr. aughton and his fellow investigators learned that patients with and without exerciseinduced abnormalities such as abnormal ST segment changes on the electrocardiogram and low thresholds of work capacity also benefited BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN I from exercise intervention. One subgroup that did not benefit was the group of patients with a low peak systolic blood pressure response. "These patients' heart muscles may simply have been too diseased and compromised before the study began," Dean aughton commented. Dr. Naughton is on the executive committee of the Council of Deans of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). He is also president of the Association of Medical Schools of New York. An internationally known cardiologist, Dr. Naughton is an author of 110 scientific publications and has served on the President's Council on Physical Fitness' medical advisory committee and was president of the Western ew York Heart Association. He is a member of the American Medical Association, American College of Physicians, the Medical Society of ew York and the American College of Sports Medicine, among others. Dean aughton, in reflecting back on this research experience, was pleased with the scientific soundness of the study and with the compliance and commitment of the investigators and patients. Hopefully, an opportunity to further explore the_effects of exercise in longevity will arise in the future. • Flavonoids are conference topic Y ou may have never heard of the flavonoids or know that your daily diet contains about one gram of these plant chemicals. You may also have been unaware that these chemicals may be very important to human health because of their anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, and antitoxic effects. These fascinating substances were the focus of the first interdisciplinary and international meeting of its kind ever to be held in the U.S. Two UB medical scientists, Dr. Vivian Cody of the Medical Foundation of Buffalo, a research associate professor of medicine, and Dr. Elliott Middleton, UB professor of medicine anp pediatrics and director of the Allergy �31 1EDIC AI CHC )()[ ~\\1 Students promote blood donations BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER ' Med students offer good example at blood drive. Division; and a British plant chemist, Dr. Jeffrey Harbourne, organized an international meeting on Flavonoids in Biology and Medicine held at Buffalo's Hilton Hotel July 22-26, 1985. The conference highlighted the many aspects of how flavonoids may work in affecting health of humans and animals. The flavonoids are present in fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, stems, leaves, flowers, and wine. There are about 2,000 of them in the vegetable kingdom, and they are important chemicals for normal plant growth, development, and defense against infection and injury. Flavonoids also determine taste in many fruits and vegetables and even control plant resistance to insects, a subject discussed by Dr. !sao Kubo from Berkeley. Thirty-five other researchers (including Drs. Cody and Middleton) from the U.S., England, Germany, France, Israel, Hungary, Switzerland and Japan presented reviews of their research on the origins and nature of flavonoids and their effect on body chemistry and cell function. Reactions to allergens, viruses, and cancer that may be affected by the flavonoids and their importance as health-related dietary substances were discussed. Some 125 researchers from many countries were in attendance and many presented results of their work in poster sessions. The relationship of diet to health has long fascinated mankind and continues to be a major focus of research. While quite a lot is understood about dietary fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and fiber, relatively little is known about the health effects of many low molecular weight substances such as the flavonoids found in plant foods. Over several decades of investigation, flavonoids have also been shown to cause a remarkable array of biochemical and physiological effects in mammalian cell systems, strongly suggesting that there may be an important plant flavonoid-animal cell interaction which has evolved throughout the long relationship of plants and animals. It seems possible the ubiquitous dietary flavonoids may be important in the regulation of mammalian cell function through dietary intake (and uptake into cell membranes), and that they may possibly act as natural biologic response modifiers. Some flavonoids are known to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and to distribute into various tissues, but much remains to be learned about the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids in man. • BUFFAID (PHYSICIAN! ' w e figured that we, as medical smdents, would demonstrate to the community that there is no reason to be afraid to donate blood; Eddie Phillips, second year medical student and president of UB's chapter of the American Medical Student Association, states. "There's been a serious drop in blood supplies because people think they might get AIDS by donating. That's just false." So he and UB's chapter of the American Medical Student Association organized to contribute to the Red Cross' campus blood drive from October 7-9. Participation rates were at an unusual 40 per cent. After students with colds, high blood pressure, and other problems were screened out, 211 units of blood were contributed campus-wide, with 70 of those units from medical students. Because of the explosion of publicity and fear about AIDS, the public has unfortunately reduced its contribution of the blood that area hospitals so desperately depend on. This situation especially worsened with the disclosure that AIDS-contaminated donated blood had transmitted the disease to unsuspecting people. Phillips hopes the students' action will contribute in correcting the public's misconception that donors of blood can get AIDS. With the success of this year's first organized effort by the medical students, Mr. Phillips has proposed that a national campaign be adopted by the American Medical Student Association. He made the proposal at its fall national meeting. The organization has 32,000 members, with several hundred at UB. • 02/86 �32 v; g ~ L_~~~------_A~~A-~~----------------------------~~~------~~~--~~ ' 'M Doctor &DJ onday is usually a busy day for pediatricians; says Dr. Richard Judelsohn. "Mothers have been dealing with their kids' problems all weekend, and it seems they all come into the office on Monday." He pauses and adds, "For me, it's good the show is on Monday nights." Dr. Judelsohn is not talking about football. The show he refers to is the jazz radio program he has hosted for the past 10 years. "Modern Jazz; The First Twenty Years" airs Mondays from 8-9 p.m. on WBFO-FM 88, UB's public radio service. Patient and softspoken, with a quiet manner and business suit, Richard Judelsohn is the quintessential image of a pediatrician. Being a physician with two offices would keep most doctors occupied most of the time. Being a radio host with the responsibility of preparing and running a show would keep most disc jockeys busy 02/ 86 BY VALERIE BINIO BIEBUYCK most of the time. And being Communicable Disease Control Officer for Erie County Health Department sounds like a full-time job in itself. Yet Richard Judelsohn does all three. "I spend two-thirds of my professional time in my offices delivering primary care, and one-third as medical director for pediatrics at the Erie County Health Department," he explains. Depending on the show's topic, Judelsohn volunteers between two and 20 hours a week to preparing for his radio program. His dual roles as doctor and D.J. can be traced to the influence of his parents: his mother was a music teacher and his father a pediatrician. At the age of 13, Judelsohn BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I began studying saxophone, and took up jazz in a program at Buffalds Bennett High School. "Through those years, I was interested in jazz as a player and a fan; remembers Judelsohn. "At Union College, I got into broadcasting. As a freshman, I had a jazz program and I maintained it for all four years." For a time, the future physician considered broadcasting as a career, but ultimately decided that "the personal rewards of dealing with human health were greater:' Adds Judelsohn, "I think my father, who is not a musician, would have been upset if I'd chosen music over medicine. His life really was medicine. He was singleminded in his devotion to it." Upon entering medical school here in 1963, Judelsohn began a dozen years' hiatus from jazz broadcasting, but not solely because of the demands of his education. �33 Explains Judelsohn, "Jazz was at its nadir in the '60s. There was little work in the field then. Concurrent with my beginning medical school, there was a change in nonclassical music. Rock music had been just fun, party music which no one really took seriously. Then during the 1960s, rock music began to convey a message, and jazz went downhill." During the Vietnam War, Judelsohn satisfied his military requirement with the U.S. Public Health Service at the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta. His work in the immunization division there led him to travel throughout the United States to implement vaccination programs. "I remember 20 of us going to Idaho and vaccinating all the children in the state against rubella in one week;' he says. His two-year experience at the CDC left a lasting impression on him. He says, "I learned a lot about communicable diseases there. When I came back to Buffalo, I didn't want to work just in private practice. I wanted to work in public health, as well. Luckily, there was an opening at the Erie County Health Department." W hen he returned to Buffalo, Judelsohn joined his father's pediatric practice and shortly thereafter, a third partner joined. According to Judelsohn, "With three people handling the practice, I wanted to get back into jazz. Then one day in 1976, I was invited to be interviewed by WBFO on immunization. After the interview, I asked the show's host to take me around the station. Seeing how interested I was, she asked, 'Would you like to go on the air again?' and I said, 'Sure!' ". A revamping of WBFO's jazz programming had created the opportunity for which Judelsohn was waiting. Although he was nervous about going on the air after his 12-year absence, Judelsohn says that feeling was quickly dispelled. He adds, "I find it very relaxing to Dr. Judelsohn in WBFO control room. sit in the dark control room by myself and just listen to the music." But Judelsohn does much more than just sit and listen. He selects the records, operates all the controls, and most importantly, he teaches. He explains, "O~e of my primary responsibilities is to teach about the music-the history of jazz, the artists, and their contributions." Although he has a loyal following of listeners, Judelsohn does not count his wife and two teen-aged children among them. "They can hear me talk at home," he says, laughing. Judelsohn has no plans to retire from broadcasting in the near future, and the recent interest in reissues of old recordings has provided him with a plethora of new material. He explains, "When I first started, the station had about 3,000 jazz records. Since the show is limited to jazz music of the years 1945-65, I could only play one-third of those. Today we have literally thousands of records which are prior to 1965. The reissue is a windfall:' About forty per cent of the records he plays on the air are from his private collection. The two roles of Dr. Judelsohn often mix and complement each other. He frequents Buffalds Tralfamadore Cafe, which features jazz music, and is often called on by the management to treat visiting artists. In addition, his experience on radio and his position at the Health Department make him an obvious contact when the local news media report on health issues. During the past ten years, he has been interviewed on radio and television more than 100 times. But jazz and pediatrics complement each other in Dr. Judelsohn's approach to his BUFFAID I•PHVSICIANI professional work, as well. According to him, "Jazz itself is largely improvisation, and broadcasting involves a lot of that, too. The type of medicine I practice allows for some element of that. I wouldn't recommend it to a surgeon, but for pediatrics and preventive medicine, improvising the message I'm trying to get ;:~cross sometimes helps." Dr. Judelsohn also feels that the creativity of his work in jazz enhances his practice. "Jazz involves a lot of creativity," he says. "I like to think that my programming is creative, and I like to think that my practice is creative-individually tailored to the needs of each patient." Although Dr. Judelsohn's life is decidedly busy, it is also remarkably balanced. He works hard, but his decision not to push himself beyond his limit is evident in his relaxed demeanor and the sense of personal calm he conveys. "If I wanted to be in a two-person practice I'd make more money but I'd have to work a lot harder. I'd have less time to spend with my family." In addition, Judelsohn wants time to teach UB medical students in his capacity as clinical associate professor of pediatrics. He returned to Buffalo after an internship and residency at Cornell Medical Center in ew York City in part because, "I wanted the opportunity to be involved in medical education at a fine school. I enjoy the faculty responsibility." Judelsohn believes his approach to work and leisure will avert the potential problem of physician "burn-out," common in the high-pressure practice of pediatrics. Says Judelsohn, "There is a fair amount of career change in this field. I think I've set up a very good mechanism to avoid that, with a group practice in two offices, my public health work, and my once-a-week avocation." (Ms. Biebuyck IS a free lance wnter lnteresln-,gly, her husband Jean Chnstophe and her twin brother David ore UB medical students. and her ~ster is on anesthesiologiSt at Cornell.) 02/86 �34 PEC)PLE Margaret Heckler, former secretary of Health and Human Services, appointed Dr. Evan Calkins as one of five new members of the ational Advisory Council on Aging. The appointment of the chief of UB's Division of Geriatrics/ Gerontology was announced by T. Franklin Williams, director of the ational Institute of Aging which supports research and research training on the aging process, diseases, and other special problems which affect the aged. Calkins, who has been with UB since 1961, is the co-founder of one of four Geriatric Education Centers funded nationally. He received the M.D. from Harvard Medical School m 1945. Former chairman of the Department of Medicine at UB, Calkins has research interests in arthritis as well as in treatment and research of conditions which particularly affect the elderly. • Dr. Raymond M. Baker, associate research professor of pharmacology, received a $95,008 grant from the ational Cancer Institute to investigate the molecular basis for drug resistance in tumors. • Dr. Venkataraman Balu, clinical associate professor of medicine and staff cardiologist at V.A. Medical Center, presented a paper entitled, "Is Ischemia a Major Factor Affecting Exercise Performance in Patients with Compromised Lefr Ventricular Function?" at the 12th !nteramerican Conference of Cardiology in Vancouver, Canada, on June 18. Approved for publication is his other paper, "Stress Test Evaluation of Patients Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery," an abstract for the International Symposium on Cardiovascular Surgery 1985 and the 15th annual Symposium of the Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas. • Dr. Marek B. Zaleski, professor of microbiology, has been awarded an $8,000 grant to undertake a scholarly translation of Rev. Jozef Tischner's Polish Form Of Dialogue. Zaleski was co-translator with Rev. Benjamin Fiore, S.J., of Canisius College, of Tischner's The Spirit of Solidarity, which was published in 1983 by Harper & Row. • 02/ 86 Dr. Alexander Bloch, research professor of pharmacology, received a $142,909 grant from the National Cancer Institute to study chemodifferentiation as an approach to cancer therapy. • Stuart Keill Dr. Tin Han, research professor of medicine and associate chief cancer research clinician at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, is one of the new members of the Board of Planned Parenthood of Buffalo and Erie County, Inc. • Dr. Stuart L. Keill, clinical professor of psychiatry, was elected president of the American Association of General Hospital Psychiatrists at their annual meeting in Dallas. The chief of psychiatry service at VA Medical Center will serve for two years. • professor of family medicine and medical director of Health Care Plan of Western ew York, has been elected chairman of the Medical Director's Division, Group Health Association of America, Inc. • Dr. S. Subramanian, professor of surgery, is D r. Enrico Mihich, research professor of the recipient of the 1985 Myrtle Wreath Award in Medicine "in recognition of great medical skills affecting the lives of children from all over the world, and for his excellent teaching and humanitarian efforts." The award was presented on Sept. 21 at the meeting of the international Jewish Women's organization Hadassah at the Amherst Jewish Center. Dr. Subramanian is also chief of the division of cardiovascular surgery at Children's Hospital, chief of cardiac surgery at ECMC, and associate attending surgeon at Buffalo General and VA hospitals. • pharmacology and director of experimental therapeutics at the Grace Cancer Drug Center at Roswell Park, co-chaired two symposia at the Third International Conference on lmmunopharmacology in Rorence, Italy, in May. • Dr. Gerald Sufrin, professor and chairman of urology, has been appointed to the Program Committee of the American Urological Association. The Program Committee is responsible for reviewing manuscripts submitted for consideration for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Urological Association. • Dr. Emanuel Lebenthal, professor of pediatrics and also head of the Department of Gastroenterology at Children's Hospital, chaired an international symposium concerning infant nutrition and gastrointestinal diseases in Brussels, Belgium, in late August. He is also director of the International Institute of Infant utrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases at Children's Hospital, which just officially opened. • BUFFAID I PHYSICIAN I Dr. Edward J. Marine, clinical associate Dr. John R. Subjeck, research associate professor of radiology at Roswell Park, was awarded a $89,809 grant from the ational Cancer Institute to study stress proteins, drug tolerance, and cellular deprivation. • Dr. Richard E. Bettigole, professor of pathology, has been named chairman of the Upstate Region of the Inspection and Accreditation Program of the American Association of Blood Banks. Dr. Bettigole is director of the Blood Bank and Hematology Division of the Erie County Laboratory. • Dr. Eugene R. Mindell, professor and chairman of orthopaedic surgery, was selected to represent his profession in JAMA's annual special issue, Contempo '85, that reviews the preceding year's new developments in every medical specialty. Dr. Mindel! authored the update (October 25, 1985) on orthopaedic surgery, focusing on, among other items, the use of the arthroscope to preserve intra-articular knee structures, and a new technique utilizing roughsurfaced prostheses with sintered wire mesh and beads which promises to provide long-lasting, secure £ixation without using bone cement. • �35 CLASSNOTES Milford Maloney 1940's Eric Russell 1960's Arthur J. Schaefer (M'47) • Francis J. Klocke (M'60) • was clinical associate professor of otolaryngology and ophthalmology, lectured at the symposium on current techniques in eyelid and lacrimal surgery at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Medical School. Dr. Schaefer also presented a lecture on practical eyelid surgery at a seminar sponsored by the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary Post Graduate Institute. recently selected to serve as president-elect of the American College of Cardiology, a highly prestigious and visible national position. He is also serving as chairman of the Safety and Data Monitoring Committee for the Multi-Center "TIM!" study. "TIM!" stands for Thrombolysis in (acute) Myocardial Infections which uses tPA as the lytic agent. Dr. Klocke is presently professor of medicine and physiology at UB and chief of cardiology at Erie County Medical Center. 1950's Dr. Milford Maloney (M'53) • clinical professor of medicine, once again established a gold medal record in swimming at the New York State Empire Games, held last summer at UB. Dr. Maloney bettered his own meet record of 31.68 seconds set in the men's 50 meter freestyle (55-59 age group) in 1982 with a 31.57 mark. He is chairman of medicine at Mercy Hospital, Buffalo. David Pittman (M'64) • published an article on Dressler's Syndrome in the March 1985 Resident and Staff Physician. He also served as program director for a symposium entitled "Technical Aspects of Optimum Cineangiographic Imaging': April19 and 20, in Pittsburgh. He is an assistant clinical professor of medicine at the University of Pittsburgh and an associate director of Allegheny General Hospital's Cardiovascular Laboratory. Dr. Pittman is a Fellow in The American College of Cardiology, the Society of Cardiac Angiography, the American College of Angiology, and the American College of Physicians. Michael Rowland August J.D . D 'Alessandro (M'65) • is medical director of Catholic Family Services of Danbury and Meriden, Connecticut. He is also a consultant psychiatrist to the Youth Services (Counse\ing League) of White Plains, ew York. His article "The Romanticists and Their Contributions to Psychiatry; appeared in the Psychiatric Quarterly, Spring 1984. Calvin L. Treger (M'67) • ts clinical associate professor of medicine-dermatology at the University of Washington and a member of the Multi-Specialty Polyclinic in Seattle. Dr. Treger is past president of the Seattle Dermatology Society and the SEA Academy of Internal Medicine. RobertS. Baltimore (M'68) • is co-editor of a book entitled Topics in Pediatric Critical Care, published by Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine in 1984. He is author of recently published articles on Pseudomonas infections and indocarditis in children. Dr. Baltimore is an associate professor of pediatrics and epidemiology at Yale University School of Medicine. BUFFAID !PHYSICIAN I Gary Merrill 1970's Eric Russell (M'74) • is an assistant professor of diagnostic radiology at Rush Medical School, Chicago. He is author of 23 articles and four book chapters, and his most recent appeared in the November 1984 issues of Radiology and Neurologic Clinics. He is a member of AOA (UB, 1973), the American Society of Neuroradiology, the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology, and the Chicago and national medical societies. His wife is Sandra Fernback, M.D., an assistant professor of radiology at Northwestern University. Their daughter, Gabrielle, turned three this month. Stephen D . A rnold (M'75) • a specialist in internal medicine, is director of the Hypertension Unit at Straub Hospital, Honolulu, Hawaii. Dr. Arnold is co-investigator of SHEP (Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Project)-a 17 center study funded by the ational Institutes of Heart, Lung & Blood to assess systolic BP over a five-year course in a double blind study. 02/ 86 �36 CJ.,ASSJ. C)TE Ly nne Hochberg Pace (M' 75) • is chief of the ophthalmology section at Buffalo Veterans Administration Center and clinical assistant professor of ophthalmology at UB. Dr. Pace's third son was born in March 1985. Michael C . Row land (M' 75) • was elected to a three-year term as secretary-treasurer of the North Carolina Chapter of the American College of Surgeons. Dr. Rowland, who is a general surgeon in Pinehurst, North Carolina, is the 1985 representative from the orth Carolina Chapter to the Young Surgeons Meeting in Chicago. Michael R. B ye (M ' 76) • writes, "As of July I, 1985, I have assumed the position of director of pediatric pulmonary medicine, and assistant professor of pediatrics, for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University." Gar y Alexander Merrill (M ' 78) • who was named "Man of the Year" in Arkansas in 1984, announces that he has moved on to make his mark in another state. He is now with the Orange County, CA Health Care Agency, juvenile Health Services. His new address is 331 City Drive South, Orange, CA 92668. (See photo on prev ious page.) Bruce D . Rodgers (M ' 79) • is joining the division of maternal and fetal medicine at Buffalo Children's Hospital. Dr. Rodgers, who is an assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at UB, was elected chairman of District II, Junior Fellows, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 02/ 86 Robe r t J. Rose (M'7 9 ) • writes that he has moved to Mariposa, California, to open a private practice in family medicine with his wife Carolyn J. Rose, M.D. He is director of Emergency Service and chief of Medical Staff at a hospital in Mariposa. Ste phen B e nham (M'80 ) • informs us, "Have designed my own examination tables. Photos will be sent if requested. Makes the office look more like a comfy, home-like atmosphere." Dr. Benham, who is practicing family medicine, has an office at 3 Pearl Street, West Sidney, New York 13838. Chri s topher M . Rig s b y (M'80) • has been appointed assistant professor of medicine in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology at Yale University. He recently completed a fellowship in computer tomography, ultrasound and MR. Anthony S. Unge r (M'8 0) • of Roslyn Heights, .Y., has a fellowship in arthritis surgery at the Hospital For Special Surgery. Dr. Unger is a clinical instructor at Cornell Medical College. Douglas Pleskow (M ' 8 2) • writes "My wife (Randi Gordon Pleskow M'82) and I have just recently completed our residency training at Case Western Reserve University in pediatrics and medicine, respectively. We have moved to the Boston area to start our fellowships. Randi is in a combined fellowship in gastroenterology and nutrition at Boston Children's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital. I am doing a fellowship in gastroen- terology at Massachusetts G eneral H ospital. K evin Scott Ferentz (M'83) • writes "I have been selected ch ief resident for this year. I am finishing up my term as vice president o f the M aryland C o nference of Family Practice Residents. I am o ne of 30 residents natio nwide to h ave been selected to attend a three-day workshop o n undergraduate medical educatio n sponsored by AAMC, to be held in Washington, D.C. in September (and I miss Buffalo!)." 49TH ANNUAL ALUMNI SPRI G CLINICAL DAY Recent Advances in Osteo po rosis Pain Control and AIDS Saturday, May 10, 1986 Buffalo Marriott Inn 8:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Advances in AIDS, Bernard Poiesz, M.D., associate professor of medicine, Chief, Section of O ncology, Upstate Medical Center. Advances in Osteoporosis, Robert P. Heaney, M.D., John E. Creighton, Professor, Creighton School of Medicme, Omaha, NE. Advances in Pain Control, Dr. Jennifer Kre1gler, M.D. (M'76), Director, Pain Center, Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital, Cleveland, OH. Spnng Clinical Day Exhibits Program 1:00 p.m. Stockton Kimball Memorial Luncheon and Lecture: Med1cme m China, George Hatem (Ma Ha1 Teh), M.D., renowned Buffalo-born physician and advisor to Chou En-Lai and People's Republic of Chma smce 1936. Saturday Evening: Reu mons fo r classes of 1936, '41, '46, '51, '56, '61, '66, '71, 76. Contact Medical Alumm Office (716) 831-277 for mformation. O ne of the most fascinating physicians living today will be the keynote speaker fo r t his year's major medical alumm event, Spring Clinical Day Program, May 10, 1986. Dr. George Hatem, or Ma Hai Teh in Chinese, has served as the physician and close advisor ro Chou En-La1 , the People's Republic of China and the Red Army since !936. The native of Buffalo is noted for his hisrorical role in eradicating venereal disease m that populous country, as well as helping to establish programs to eliminate the prostitution that spread it. He also helped initiate and administer the program that vi rtua ll y rooted out opium addiction. With anginal training as a dermatologist, he became a generalist who helped to vastly upgrade the pnmary medical care system of C hina now comparable to many developed countries. Eradicating leprosy has been a more recent project of his. Born in Buffalo In !910, he earned his M.D. from University of Geneva In !934. Two yea rs later, the Maronite Lebanese·American settled in Shanghai to assist the police force in treatmg venereal disease and prostitutes. He ts one of the few western· ers who have observed the decades of war, marches, revolution and great progress of China. His rich experience over three and a half decades will be shared with the UB medical community in his add ress at the Buffalo Marnott Inn as the Stockton Ktmba ll Lecturer. See announcemen t above for other details of the event. BUFFAID !PHYSIC Margaret Kadree (M'83) • presently doi ng her residency in intern al medi cine at Howard U niversity, has been voted outstanding resident and will be chief resident in intern al med icine. This is considered a rare ho nor in such a short period of time for this specialty. While at UB, she received the Dea n's Award. I AN! �JAR • World-acclaimed cardiac surgeon George Schimert, M.D. will be honored April 25, 1986 at Buffalo General Hospital with a tribute and ribbon-cutting ceremony for the Angiology Department and Cardiac Surgery Division, which open their fresh quarters in the new 16-story medical tower. Dr. Schimert advanced cardiology by devising the multivalvular replacement and prosthetic heart valves and two coronary bypass techniques, the free intermammary artery graft and induced hypothermia of the heart. The 65-year-old former chief of cardiac surgery at BGH will also be named UB emeritus professor of surgery. Famed heart transplant surgeon Norman Shumway, M.D. of Stanford University will be the keynote speaker for the event, which will include a Scientific Symposium from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., the tribute at 3" p.m. and banquet at 6:30 p.m. UB speakers are to include Drs. John aughton, Lewis Flint and Thomas Lajos. For more information, contact Marmie Houchens, 845-2041. • The Sarasota N ational Confe rence on Pediatric Lung D isease. March 14-16, 1986. Sarasota Hyatt House, Sarasota, Fl. Credit Hours: 20. Fees: $325 Physicians in Practice, $175 Allied Health Professionals. Contact: Rayna Saville, Coordinator, Pediatric C.M.E., Children's Hospital, 219 Bryant Street, Buffalo, New York 14222. Telephone (collect): 716-878-7630. • Pediatric Continuing Med· ical Education Programs • The Sheraton Bal Harbour Conference on Pediatrics, Feb. 28-March 2, 1986. Sheraton Bal Harbour, Bal Harbour, Fl. Credit Hours: 18. Fees: $275 Physicians in Practice, $175 Allied Health Professionals. • Biochemistry Conference • "Workshop on Membrane Transport." March 7, 1986, UB Center for Tomorrow. Contact Dr. Philip Yeagle, Dept. of Biochemistry 23 Farber Hall, SUNY Buffalo, (716) 831-2700. ------------------------------------------------------------------111111 BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 2210 BUFFALO. NY. POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE BUFFAID c P H Y S A N 139 Cary Hall State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14214-9980 NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES �BUFFAID P H Y S c A N State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14214 ALf A ~~~ ER Fk P~ J I CHE rc;TPY 102 C Y ALL c ---------------------l--Liius-HEARFio~vC>u_] ____________________ _ Fill out this card (Please print or type all entries) Name ________________________________________________________ Year MD Received _____________ Office Address _______________________________________________________________________________ Home Address _______________________________________________________________________________ If not UB, MD received from --------------------------------------------------------------------In Private Practice: Yes 0 In Academic Medicine: No 0 Yes 0 Specialty _____________________________________________________ No 0 Part Time 0 Full Time 0 School _____________________________________ Title --------------------------------------- Other: ______________________________________________________________________________________ Medical Socie~ Memberships ________________________________________________________________~ News: Have you changed positions, published been involved in civic activities, had honors bestowed, etc? _____________ Please send copies of any publications, research or other original work, also include a photo of yourself. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. 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Nobel Laureate Hermann Rahn Forum Medical School News People Classnotes Calendar Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-16 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v19n05 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. New York (State) -- Buffalo Is Format Of A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format. Journals and magazines (periodicals) Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1986 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/52df62dca4ee62132f73763352eb4e70.pdf e06da1d166fe298b6e1ae71829ea6f07 PDF Text Text �Dean's Messag e D ea r Alu m ni a n d A lu m n ae: he follof 19 S can be charactcmcd as one of transmon for the School of~1edicme. Dr. Felix M1lgrom st'-l'IX'd Jm, n from hi 5 position ns chairman of the Oepanmcnt of Micmb10IQS)',a chair which he hclJ for 17yc:ir . Dr. M1lgmm pn>vtdcd smmg, 1,•(foc• uve, IIClcntfie leadership in the tmdiuon established by hts mentor ond pn.-dccc<-sor, Dr. Ernest \\ 11d,,ky. rortunaccly for the S1:hool, Univer­ sity and Buffalo, he will continue to serve m the role of D1sungu1shcJ Professor and connnuc to c.onmbutc to th..-od\-oncemcnt of knO\, ledge anJ setencc in the years ohcad. My office and the faculty arc 1trntcful to Felix for his dcd1cauon, perseverance and comnbuuons to this msn• tuuon. A ph)ucal transmon occurred this fall\\ hen the new Health Science Library wa$opened. This fine faahty 1slocated m the tcxally rcfurb~ hcd and cnlari;t.-<l old Lx:hood L1br:1rv.Already one of the lcndmg health sciences hbrancs in the U.S., tlus facility should s1gmficantly add 10 the cducauonal and research m1hcu. ln addmon, nC\\ fac1hucs wdl en• rich the library's capacity co meet the needs of the ho pnal •y<tcm and prncnang phys1c1ansin \\esrern ~C\\ 'tork. All 111all, 11 has been o good and productive •eason for faculty •1nd the msmuuon. We look forward to more such enJ0)'3ble cransmons m the years ahead. T - Jo hn Na ugh con, M .D. Medical Alumni Association President's Message n reading t~, \ ~ , · " uc of a nC\\ medical journal called "Humanl' MeJ1cme". A Journal of the Art and Sc,enceof Medr<me, I was impressed by an amcle 1H1ttcn by Dr; Stanley Grebcn, inti· tied "V1cwpomt~ Dr. Grl'hen, \I.ho 1~professor of psylhiatry and psy• chotherapy at the Universtty of Toronto, s:iys: "Even though \\.e choo~ from the most giftedum1.crs1cystudents m Ontario, we con~tontly have evidence of d15appomting personal quolmcs m some of the medical stu· dents, interns, residents, and young phys1cums "ho ha1.e been tram1,..J s:iy they seem to be mu~h in this faculty. Some of the rcpons \\.C recc11.-e more interested in tcchmcal matters, in disease, in procedure;, and in self adva1:c:ementthan they were in p:ments as people, chat they \\ere inconsiderate and Inhumane .• ." I posedthese questions to myself. Is thts happening m our McJ1cal &:hool at our Uni1.1,.TSity? Are we selc.:ung the wrong students for m1,..J• ical school? I suspect our selection procedures ore not at fault, but the envnonrr.cnt and the atutudcs to which we subJect our students and intern< may be. We u;cd to speak about a young doctor's de1.elopmg hts "bed-side manner." We seldom hear that term any more, but Dr. Grehcn points out m hts antclc that there arc two factors m psychotherapy that can help us m the aforemcnuoneJ dilemma: I. W'hothe therap1stldoctor ts and how he or <he bcha1.es. 2. W'hat the chcrnpist/Joctor does. "Panents felt helped \\.hun the thcrapm (or Joctor) had the follow• ing qua\1t1C$:empathetic concern, respectfulness, rehabihcy, self aware· ncss, and strength ..•. The5e arc qunlines we 1ttk m our fnends and hcnre we seek them in those who wall look after us when we arc ill or fear we arc 111.The manner of the physicrnn at the bedside or m the exnmining room i~ of cxcepuonal importance." In spite of the young doctor's fascmauon \\1th the "hard soence " and "hurgcomng tnhmcnl capab1lit1cs; Dr. Grcben rcmmJs us thnc "medicine is and should be seen as o noble profession which has its root< m SCtencebut which 1s at heart 011 art. A lways this mixture of science anJ art will be imperfect and yet will conunue co be a sou rce of comfon, succor and help to troubled and oiling people." I - Charles J Tanner , M ,0 . Clrus of 1943 �B p H y s A C N Or. Felix Milgrom sieps down as chairman of Microbiology a/1er 18 years. Page 15. CONTENTS BREAKTHROUGH IN TRAUMA TREATMENT • Dr. John Border has developed an advance in treatment of severe multiple trauma which could save up to 10,000lives a year-if hospitals would substitute his methods for traditional treatment. KOHL • A lead-contaminated eyeliner poses monumen­ tal health problems for entire popu lations and cultures in the Mid-East and South Asia, Dr. Robert Guthrie has found. OUR SENIOR PHYSICIANS• Retirement age has done little to slow the contributions of a group of UB-associated physicians ranging in age from 77 to 101.First part of a series. • 12 'Promises and Realities ror Mentally Retarded Citizens' investigates the problems and benefits of deinstitu­ tionalization. 'How to Raise A Brat' is a humorous par­ ents' guide for coping with problem behavior. UB authors produce large crop of other books. • 15 Dr. relix Milgrom steps down as chairman of Microbiology, marking the end of an era for that 44-year-olddepartment; Dr. C. John Abeyounis is act­ ing chair. The late [ Mic.robiolu ,,., rtment State doctors stage slow­ down to protest excessive malpractice premiums. Health Sciences Library moves. Robert E. Baier heads HIDI. • 25 Dr. John Wright settles in as interim director of Roswell Park. Move to High Street culminates Deaconess/Buf­ falo General merger. Sisters opens new physical and oc­ cupatonal therapy wing. • 22 Sometimes a student's choice of a specialty has more to do with dislikes than with any special arrrac­ tion to a field of practice. 139th freshman class has 83 men, 52 women, 20 minorities. • 28 Dr. Lewis Flint heads Sur­ gery. Oth<'r news of people you know. • 31 Class reunion chairs issue invitations for Spring 1986. ::s DEA H..., • 34 • 36 �2 BREAK 10,000 lives could be saved each year if all h ospital s used Dr. Border' s method s BY BRUCE 5. KERSHNER t's a frustration common to all medi­ cal researchers who have develoP<:da medical advance: the lengthy nme period chat almost always elapses before the new technique or development actu­ ally comes into general use. Even after government approvals have been secured and scientific requi rements for testing and validation arc satisfied, the researcher remains painfully aware that the state-of-the-art m medicine docs not enter the mainstream of medicine for many years. Until then, the new advance re­ mains largely unavailable to patients whose well-being and lives could otherwi~ be directly benefited. One such researcher in this frustrating position is John R. Border, M.0 ., UB professor of surgery. Acknowledged as one of the fathers of modern trauma surgery, Dr. Border has pioneered and developed ground-breaking new treatment methods that dramatically improve the survival of patients with severe multiple trauma such as from traffic accidents. Although his successful new techniques have been available to the medical com­ munity for at least three to four years, phy- I 12/85 sicians in only a few American cities other than Buffalo have adopted them. Since the techniques cons1Stently reduce the mortality rate of severe multiple trauma patients from 30 per cent to 3 per cent or less, an estimated 5 to 10,000 lives per year could he saved tf all hospitals employed Border's procedures. In addition, many hundreds of thousands more could lead more productive, normal lives if Border's treatment were used. In researching reasons for the mortality of trauma patients, Dr. Border discovered unexpectedly that "mortality rates are more affected by the type of treatment than by the magnitude of the injury." Ex­ cept for brain-injury, he learned that the main factor determining mortality rates was the way the trauma patient 1smanaged on the night of entry. Compared to Dr. Border's approach, cu rrent treatment of fracture trauma in moderately injured patients results in peri­ ods of hospital stays and time on the ven­ tilator which are two to four times longer, a 74-fold increase of bacteria in the blood (infection), four times more pulmonary emboli and two to three times more pain BUFFAID :r::x:JO CE]! V I ' C medication u~. Dr. Border has yet to lose a fracture trauma patient to the multiple system organ failure that results from tradi­ tional fracture managemen t. Dr. Border's approach includes six bas• ic techniques: I) Aggn.'SStvetreatment to prevent failure of heart and lungs. 2) Aggressive, immediate surgery for bone fractures (rather than the trad1t1on­ al "conservative" repair of bone fractures several days later). 3) Massive protein nutritional support to prevent protein malnutrition, including oral feeding as soon as possible. High glu­ cose administration is to be avoided. 4) Ventilation of the patient continues after surgery until proven it is no longer needed. 5) The patient is simng up on the day after surgery and no traction or casts are used. 6) Removal of all necrotic tissue around wounds and fractures during surgery on the first day. Dr. Border confidently states that if his approach is used, "I expect that in the ab­ sence of severe brain injuries and pre- �3 Dr. John Border checks x-ray of mrury. existing organ failures, the patient will reliably survive, that he will be on the ven­ tilator two to four days, out of bed and sitting up by one to three days, eating by three to seven days, out of the intensive care unit by seven days, out of the hospi­ tal by 21 days, and back to work by four to six months, and that he will have no significant permanent disability!' r. Border developed his new ap• proach because of the unfortunate pattern typical for many accident victims with major multiple injuries. Although they may survive the original trauma, many die days or weeks later of multiple system organ failure. The Harvard Medi­ cal School graduate learned that this or­ gan failure results from a combination of protein malnutrition, sepsis, and cardi­ opulmonary problems. Significantly, the traditional method of treating trauma pa­ tients is what usually leads to these often lethal conditions. The "secret" of the success of aggressive fracture surgery is that, "after you've been severely injured, you don't get better with time, you get worse; he emphasizes. The patient's system is strongest immediately D after the accident, not days later when traditional surgery on fractures first takes place. "I can't overemphasize the importance of aggressive fracture surgery. Conservative treatment also prolongs the late septic state; Or. Border declares, pointing out that it results in an infection rate 74 times higher and a fracture complication rate two to four times higher than that of ag­ gressive surgery. "On night of admission, there is no sup­ pression of the immune system, the least chance for introduction of virulent hospi­ tal bacteria, and there is much less bleed­ ing in the operative wound. The combined changes reduce the risk of wound in­ fection." Rather than stemming from external sources of infection, the sepsis of trauma patients that leads to death, Border dis­ covered, results from internal sources. "Re­ tained necrotic tissue (crushed muscle, blood, and bone tissue) leads to decreased antibacterial activity. The same changes lead to entry of bacteria from the intesti­ nal contents. By the time conservative sur­ gery removes the dead tissue, sepsis has already begun," Border explains. "When BUFFAID !P H v S1¢1AN ; immediate surgery is performed, a thorough cleaning of all necrotic tissue is absolutely necessary" to maintain the sys­ tem's antibacterial activity and to prevent entry of bacteria from the gut. The second source of infection associat­ ed with the traditional approach is relat­ ed to inadequate nutrition. Without sufficient protein support, rhe body will draw upon its own resources of stored nutrients, especially muscle protein. This muscle breakdown leads to malnutri­ tion in the gastrointestinal mucosa which in turn leads to entry of toxins and bac­ teria. With the gut unable to confirm the intestinal bacteria, they spread to the rest of the body and cause sepsis. Or. Border explains that the problem is worsened by the fact that "when an acci­ dent occurs, the intestine stops working, leaving the bowel full of bacteria and tox­ ins which accumulate~ Furthermore, since the intestinal cells are not being "fed" by oral ingestion of food, the efficiency of the barrier of the gut-liver complex is grossly reduced. This is one reason why Border stresses the importance of immediate to very early ingestion of food. Independent from the prevention of sep12/85 �4 sis, massive prote in suppo rt is an essent ial pa rt of his protocol because th e injured body needs it to repa ir its tissue. He pro­ vides four to six tim es more protein a nd 25 to 50 per cen t mo re calo ries (with glu­ cose) than h ealthy people requ ire. However, Dr. Borde r wants other ph ys1ciam to kn ow t hat glucose must no t be given at levels of 100 per cent or more in cxces'- of no rmal requi rements. Excessive glucose will lead to development of fat in th e liver, causi ng ch is viral organ co break dow n. Besides sepsis and ma lnutritio n , che third reaso n for the demise of trau ma pa­ tients has bee n cardiopu lmona ry failure. Placing tra um a patients o n vent ilato rs for as long as needed prevent s cardiopu lmo­ nary failu re (due to far emboh). Immedi­ ate n:senion of all necrotic tissue is very important in reducing the duration ofl ung failure. He found chat conse rvative surgery, which 1:allsfor traction requiring a supi ne posmon, prevents the lun gs from breath­ ing deep ly. Th is causes rete n tion o f secrt:• tio ns and leads co pu lmonary edema and pneumonia. A~ress1ve surgery, o n the other hand, permits che panent to sic up­ right, breat he deeply and cough up secre­ tions, fur t her minimiz in g cardiopu l­ monarv d1fficult1t:s. A bo aiding th e panents' rl'Covery is the reduct io n of pro lo nged pain a nd an.x1ety norma lly associa ted with de layed repair of fracture~, fears of successive ope r­ aciom, and inabi lity to talk because of m­ rubanon. Prolonged pain and anxiety , Dr. Bord er emp h asizes, complicate recove ry because of thei r harmfu l effects on the cen­ tral nervous svstem and upon ingestion of food and pro tein metabolism. Dr . Borde r hopes his app roach will be­ come standar d not on ly for che sake of pa­ tients bu t also for 1csbeneficial effect on society. "We could cut hospital stays and use of hosp ital resou rces in h alf,"he states . Patients are also muc h more likely to recover sooner and to return to produc­ tive lives. Why is his app roach not mo re widesprea d ? Dr. Border speculates tha t ne\\ understa ndings of o ld prob lems arc alwavs slow co be adopted. He also believes chat there is inadeq uate communica t ion between o rt hopaedic and genera l su rgery departments in che U.S., so t hat fractur es are treated by both disciplines as though there were no other injuries (rathe r than by using the "total patie nt " app roach ). Dr. Border ch inks his approac h will be adop t• ed onlv where hospitals include neu rosu r12/85 geons, orc h opaediscs, su rgeons, anesthesiolog1s cs, rad iologists, and re­ habi litation specialists as part of chefront line team, workin g closely rogeth er. Dr. Borde r is att empt ing co publicize his app roach co tra u ma management wah a very active lecture program and t hrough publications. For example, he described his ad van ces in th e care of tra uma patients in an October 1985Annals of Surgeryartic le and in a bookto be pub lished called To­ cal Care of Severe/" Injured Man (Marce l Dekker, N.Y.). He also sees his tr aining of surgical resi­ dents and medical students as a hopeful sign. Two of h is trai nees h ave estab lished th e approach in Dallas and Houston , for examp le. But despite all h is efforts, adop­ tion of the technique m other hospita ls has been slow. Dr. Borde r first came co UB m 1959 as an NIH research fellow and th en as a resi­ dent before joi ning the full-rime faculty in 1965. He is directo r of trauma service ac Eric County Medical Center and Buffalo Genera l Hospita l. His co- resea rchers include Or s. Roger Seibel and John LaD uca, both climcal as­ sociate professors of surgery; Dr. James Hassett, Jr., assistant professor of surgery; Dr. Geo rge Babikian; Barbara Mill s, and Donna Border. Even with the dramatic improvement in the success rate, Dr. Border is continuing research to answer remai nin g quest io ns th at will imp rove trau ma trea tment fur­ ther. Precisely what level of protein leads to the septtc condition? Wha t is the exact rou te of bacte ria from the G.I. tract? What is the int erna l mechan ism in rctninc d necrotic tissue that triggers phagocyte ac­ tivity? le is iromc t hat as Joh n Border advances the state of the art of med icine, the main­ stream of medici ne will probably never quite keep pace. • A rare opportunity in medical science I t I a wn.: uµportun1ty that medical science no" enables u~ co redu ce the mortality rare of trauma patients from 30 per ,ent co 3 per lent or less. These arc the most common!) seen <.e\erdy tnJured patients m ho~p1tak Ir h e4u:illy unfortunate that the ne\\ methods of treatmenc that mah· thb pos­ sible :ire uuli:ed in onlv a few ciue, m the U.S.In hospital, m e\ery other c.uy, rrnd1t1onal treatment co ntinue~ to he provid­ ed, n.:sultmg m unnelessary higher mor­ tality rates and lowered productivity among tho,e chat do survive. After ,car, of rcsearc.h, \\e and ocher, ha\'e de,eloped a system of treatmg trau­ ma patients that largely prevents the general sepsis and multiple organ failure that 1s mostly re,ponstble for late deaths among trauma patients thac are not hrain­ injured. \Ve have learned that it b primar­ ily the LOnservative management of frac­ tures chat causes the current late high mortality rates via septic deaths . \\c nO\\ knm, that the con\'CllllOnal management of fraltures encourages macrophage-driven metabolism "1th its had consequences for entry of gut bacter­ ia leadmg co genernl scp,is and rnulnplc syskm organ failure. \Ve no\\ know chat by surg1r:illy LOrrecung bone frauures on mght of nrn\'al am! by cxc1~ingall necrot­ ic. u,suc, \\e can reduce macrophage­ dri\·en metabolism and a\'oid mnny of the lace problems that lead to Jcach, BUFF AID L!L.L 1 _Q - prolonged d1 Jb11in, increa,ed pain, nnd dr.bt1C increasesIn cost. \Xe also know that the guc is a major sourLe uf bactena and mxins in miured man, anJ chat support of intestinal mucosa 1, most important m preventing the,e se1.:ondary baccenal m· suits. In foLt, we may chnractcri:e the,c sernndary banerial problems as due to gut mucosa-liver protein malnutrition. There­ fore, the prov1,1on of high protein enteral nutntional support 1salso most imporrnnt 111 preventing the late septil deaths of mul­ nple trauma. It appear, probable that these proce• durcs, combined with v1gorow; support of ~,xygen transport, will salvage thou,ands of lives a year chat arc 11()\\ lost. It also ap· pears probable that the Lost of such care and the pain suffered by ,uch p:mcnt~ could he reduced by one half. I urge my fellow physilians to learn more about chis raJkally different apprual h for treating these trauma patients. le,~ a con­ siderable departure from the con\'Cnuon­ al methods now being taught, but pmv1Je, clear gains. h requires that orchopaedists who are superb fracrure surgeon, become from line members of the trauma team. Mo,c trauma cemcr s ,hould con~1dl·r ,idopting this approach as soon as 1x1ss1ble. - Jo hn B o rd er, M.D. P ro feHo r of Sur.iiery Direc tor of 'fraum a S ur .iier), Erie Count y M edi cal Cen te r an d Buffal o Gen eral Ho,p ical �5 KOHL Eye liner poses health threat 1n A sia BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER W eread now and then of cosmetics taken off the American market because of un­ healthy effects. But few would have ever imagined that one cosmetic, an eye liner, could be having monumental health effects on entire populations and countries in Asia-and may have been doing so for generations, if not centuries. Dr. Robert Guthrie, UB profes­ sor of microbiology and pedi­ atrics, has chanced upon the alarming discovery that women in many Middle Eastern and South Asian countries have been extensively using a lead-based eye liner and also applying it to in­ fants and young children. Dr. Guthrie's investigations have shown that this preparation has caused lead poisoning, which results in mental retardation, be­ havioral problems, lower produc­ tivity, and even death. If the problem is as widespread as early data suggest, then it is not too far-fetched to wonder if chronic, widespread lead poison­ ing may be having profound ef­ fects on the health, economic productivity, quality of life, and even sta­ bility of the populations affected. The black eye liner, called kohl (ko-hol) in Arab countries and surma (shur-ma) in Pakistan and India is apparently popular in those regions because of its cosmetically­ attractive glittery platelets of galena, a sul- phide of lead. "Galena is the cheapest and oldest source of any metal," Dr. Guthrie comments. This Middle Eastern kohl should not be confused, however, with the American­ marketed "kohl stick; a black mascara that is safe to use. While carbon black and possibly other sources for eye liner are also used, prelimi­ nary information from Kuwait and India suggests that galena is a common additive and even the primary ingredient in many of the cases observed. Dr. Guthrie is internationally noted as the discoverer of the test for detection and prevention of PKU, a genetic disease that causes severe mental retardation if not treated. He has also helped in developing BUFFAID PHV$1¢1A N I other tests to detect and prevent a variety of other causes of mental retardation, and lobbies extensively for laws to require test­ ing and control of lead contamination in America. "I 'm certain there is a monumental problem out there," Dr. Guthrie states concerning the eye liner ingredient. "Now we have to get the word out about the problem to the governments and citizens of those countries so they can begin to deal with it." The problem, however, is not just "out there," reminds Dr. Guthrie. In the U.S. reside rough­ ly 800,000 Pakistanis, East Indi­ ans, Arabs, and other Middle Eastern Moslems. In England, there are one million Pakistanis and Indians alone. "The use of black eye liner is a traditional custom among both the unedu­ cated and educated classes," he clarifies, "including the wealthy." Dr. Guthrie started to suspect a problem in 1982. He was in Toronto in August of that year, lecturing on lead exposure test­ ings at the Toronto meeting of the International Association for Scientific Study of Mental Defi­ ciency. After his ta lk, he was ap­ proached by Dr. Azza Shaltout, a Kuwait University pediatrician. She suspected a problem with the eye liner, but didn't know how to test for it, so Dr. Guthrie provided her with diag­ nostic filter papers to return to him for testing. Over the next year, several hundred filter papers with blood samples were test­ ed by Dr. Guthrie's lab. "Some of the sam- �• • l • r • pies had the highest FEP levels I had ever seen; Dr. Guthrie related, referring to the laboratory indicators of blood lead levels. FEP is free erythrocyte protoporphyrin. High FEP levels can result from interfer­ ence of lead with heme (organic blood iron) in the blood. Ors. Guthrie and Shalcouc found seri­ ously elevated lead levels in 66 per cent of the randomly selected blood samples obtained from a Kuwaiti hospital emergen­ cy department. Five infants' blood lead levels were so high, they needed urgent treatment, and one eight-month-old infant died of acute lead encephalopathy. An additional screening by Dr. Guthrie's lab of 198healthy children ac a "well baby" clinic in Kuwait disclosed that 36 per cent had elevated FEP levels. The children originate from various Middle Eastern countries. In March 1984, Dr. Guthrie visited Kuwait where he reported the early find­ ings. Upon his return visit in March, 1985, he was shown x-rays of che bones of new­ born Arab infants showing "lead lines." These are the well known results of ex­ posure co lead of children during skeletal growth. However, they had been virtual­ ly unheard of heretofore in newborn in­ fants and are evidence of pre-natal exposure. "It was so alarming because it meant that the infants had been contami­ nated as fetuses because of the lead in the pregnant mother's system; he remarked. When Or. Guthrie lectured in Kuwait, he discussed the problem with Dr. Al 12/85 0 MM 10 Awadi, who also happens co be the wife of Kuwait's minister of health. Dr. Guthrie exJPects that the health minister, having be,en alerted to the possible crisis, will cake positive actions chat will make Kuwait the first Asian country to assess and deal with this serious problem. Kuwait now has a lead testing program and also a newly es­ tablished lead clinic. "Lead toxicity may contrib­ ute to low socialstatus of 3rd world women." Information about the actual extent of chtelead contamination is very limited. To Dr. Guthrie's knowledge, nobody has sur­ vt:yed the Asian countries co quantify how e>:tensive the use of lead-based eye liner really is. Only scanty information is avail­ able, but it suggests a very widespread haz­ ard. For instance, one Indian pediatrician found that seven out of eight eye liner sa1mplesthat he obtained contained 20 per cent to 80 per cent lead. Twenty-five of 29 Siurma samples in a 1978British Medical Journalstudy were primarily lead sulfide, aind 10out of 13in a 1981Annals of Tropi­ study were lead contaminat­ cal Paediatrics ed. Furthermore, a 1981 report from a Kuwait hospital showed that the children le-ad-poisoned by kohl came from Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Iraq, and from BUFFAID L..LE...i s C I I I A N Bedouin populations. Ors. Shalcout and Guthrie's recently drafted article 1 about the situation con­ cludes that "the frighteningly high inci­ dence in the small samples" and especially among "healthy children at (the) 'well baby' clinic" indicates that lead poisoning must be a serious health problem in Kuwait. In investigating the problem, Dr. Guthrie found only three medical journal articles between 1978and 1981that dis­ cussed lead contamination from cosmet­ ics among Moslems. "However, the relatively obscure articles did not alert Middle Eastern authorities co the problem. In India, only a few doctors know about it, and probably no awareness of the problem exists in Pakistan, in che Arab countries, or anywhere else in Asia," Dr. Guthrie remarks. "Kuwait is the only ex­ ception." The eye liner, surma is applied to che eyes' conjunctiva! surfaces rather than co the outside of the eyelids. It is applied co the eyes, and sometimes to the navels, of all newborn infants. Females literally wear it from cradle to grave, including during pregnancy (causing fecal absorption). On some occasions, it is applied up to three times a day. Furthermore, it often contains menthol, which results in profuse lachry­ mation and stimulates children co rub the eyes. This facilitates absorption through the tear ducts and by the hand-co-mouth route. Lead is so toxic, Dr. Guthrie explains, �that he now believes there is no safe threshold . At very high levels (above IOOug/dl. blood), symptoms of lead en­ cephalopathy can appear, such as vomit­ ing, convulsions, stupor, paralysis, and death. Ar lower levels with no apparent symptoms, long-term effects on develop­ ment may appear during childhood. These include hyperactivity, learning disabilities, mental retardation, lower achievement in school, and behavioral problems. Brain, stem audiometry of young children has shown reduced nerve conductivity cor­ relating with blood lead levels recorded two years earlier. They demonstrate that the reduction is related directly co the lead elevations which remain below so called "safe" levels. T reatment of lead poisoni_ngis accom­ plished through chelanon therapy. EDTA and penicillamine, administered in­ tramuscularly, bind the lead so it can be excreted. Dr. Guthrie believes that the solution to what may be a global problem appears co be simple: investigate the extent to which the eye liner is used in all the Mos­ lem countries, legally ban sale or impor­ tation of lead-containing kohl or surma, establish lead programs to screen children and adults on a mass scale, and treat tht lead-poisoned patients identified. The realities are a different matter, however. Use of dark eye liner is a tradi­ tional, possibly ancient practice, deeply rooted in diverse cultures. The lead-based eye liner is cheap and easy to obtain, es­ pecially among poorer and tribal peoples. Cont rolling its distribution may be difficult because it is often obtained from local "healers" and market places, rather than from commercial sources such as modern retail stores . Government action in Third World countries, especially in such heavily popu lated countries as India and Pakistan, is a slow process. If the oroblem is as widespread as early data suggests, its implications are fright­ ening, indeed . The average IQ of the coun­ tries affected may be seriously reduced, with effects on the ability of those socie­ ties to improve their social conditions and their scientific, educational, and cultural contributions and achievements . Reduced IQ and level of healch could have pro­ found effects on the quality of life and on economic productivity. The behavioral problems caused by lead poisoning, if ex­ tensive enough, could potentially affect the political stability of an already unsta­ ble region. • 'Submitted lo< publcotion In "Soence and SeMce In Mental Retordotior\ Joseph Be<g.M.Q. Ed Methuen PIJbLLondon ~ lieohon expected 1986 7 LEAD THREATENS SUBURBS, TOO ■ BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER cad poisoning in children is now a problem among affluent and suburban populations, not just for children of inner city and lower income populations, as previously thought. This finding has been confirmed by UB microbiologist Robert Guthrie, M.O., Ph.D., in a recent study which found that one out of 160 mostly white children from suburban, rural, and more affluent fami­ lies had serious lead levels in their systems. The commonly held belief is that lead poisoning, especially from lead-based paint, is restricted to lower income, inner city, and often black 1:hildren. While ex­ cessive lead level~are much higher in these populations, the 0.6 per cent level in suburban, higher income, largely white children means that 6,000 of every one million Lhildren in this group arc at moderate to serious risk from lead poison­ ing. Common effects include lower intel­ ligence and, possibly, behavioral and medical problems as well as mental retardanon. Dr. Guthrie and his co-researchers rest­ ed 24,624 pre-school suburban and rural children, mostly from Western New York. Ninety-six children were confirmed ro have lead levels ahove 30 ug/ dl in their blood. This survey i, continuing and has reached 35,000 children. "Wesuspect their major sources of lead exposure arc from leaded gasoline fumes and lead-based paint; the UB professor of microbiology and pediatrics explains. Gasoline fumes are inhaled by children liv­ ing or frequenting zones near highway cor­ ridors. The lead-based paint is unexpectedly present in many old homes in more affluent areas, a condition rarely suspected by most of the owners. There are 30 million lead-contaminated dwellings in the country, according to Dr. Vernon Houck of the Center for Disease Control. The children were tested initially using filter paper blood specimens taken at baby clinics, health maintenance organizations, pediatricians' office~. and day care programs. Followup confirmatory tests take place L BUFFALO JPAVS1c,.-.N1 at the Stace Health Department facilities in Albany and were analy:ed at the UB Department of Pediatrics' lead clinic at Erie County Medical Center, directed by Dennis Nadler, M.D., clinical assistant professor of pediatrics. Other co­ resea;chers included Charles Francemone, M.D., assistant professor of pediatrics, Adam Orfanos, M.S., and Kari Widger, B.A. Even the phrase "excessive lead levels" is misleading, since, as Dr. Guthrie empha­ sizes, "The level of lead considered to be ha:ardous has continually dropped as more information has been obtained." He remarks, "There is apparently no thrt."Shold for the hazardous effect of lead. Low lead exposure causes non-specific symptoms, es­ pecially lowering of the intelligence." It is possible that an)' lead in one's system low­ ers IQ and the more lead, the greater the retardation of intelligence, whether in chil­ dren or adults. Even "at 15 uq, when no clinical problems arc ~en, lead can ~till in­ hibit enzymes used in the synthesis of heme (red iron-containing pigment in blood that absorbs oxygen). In a forthcom­ ing article, Dr. Guthrie cites research us­ ing bminstem audiometry of children that found "there is a direct relation between low level lead exposure and decreased nerve conductivity two years after ex­ posure, with no apparent threshold in the blood lead concentration." Dr. Guthrie points out that the federal government was at first slow to admit there was a problem. Former EPA adminis­ trator Anne Gorsuch even tried to relax lead srandards. Now, the Maternal & Child Health Service, the Center for Dis­ ease Control, the Assistant Surgeon General of the U.S. and the EPA support nation-wide testing programs and com­ plete removal of lead from gasoline. Guthrie suppom, and is lobbymg for, mandatory blood-screening of preschool­ ers, estimated to cost about 50 cents per test if done in volume. Progress has been slow, however. But, as he remarked in a guest editorial m Medical World Nrn·s, "Children with their vulnerable central nervous systems can't afford ro wait." • 12/85 ��9 OUR SENIOR PHYSICIANS Their contributions continue well past retirement age BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER ou hear so much about it- aging Americans and their demands on the medical profession and society. But here you can read about another story - older physicians and their contribu­ tions to the medical profession and society. Not only is UB's Medical School a leader in the growing field of geriatrics / gerontol­ ogy, but it also has a remarkable group of individuals in its medical community who contributed impressively to society throughout long careers, and still remain activeeven vibrant-into their 80s, 90s or longer. · In this first of a series, several of these individuals will be profiled. This has been a challenging task. How can one effectively capsulize such a long legacy of contribu­ tions and such a rich variety of experiences in a group whose ages range from 77 to 101 years, and who span a cumulative total of almost 1,000 years? These alumni and emeritus faculty will also offer a little practical advice and wisdom reflecting their obvi­ ously healthy approach to living and aging. Our only regret is that a wider sampling of senior physicians and medical research­ ers could not be profiled because of space and time limitations. Y STILL SEEING PATIENTS AT 100 hen Dr. Charles E Dewitz received a Selective Service notice last year identifying him as "someone who should be register­ ing for the draft," he attributed the mis­ take to a computer error. After all, he had served his country dur­ ing two world wars, and both his sons saw overseas duty in World War II. So in typical no-nonsense fashion, and with more than a tinge of tongue-in-cheek W humor that characterizes this long-time doctor, who will turn 101-yt!ars-oldthis January 28, he filled out the accompany­ ing questionnaire and returned it with co­ pies of two documents he feels certain will clear him of any non-compliance penal­ ties: his draft card, dated Sept. 12, 1918, and a 1947 letter from Selective Service removing his name as an examining phy­ sician for his local draft board. As yet there has been no response, but he says with a chuckle: "Sometimes I can't sleep because I think they're going to catch me." BUFFAID fPMv$ 1 ¢ 1 AN I 12/85 �Dr. Dewitz is a native and was a lifelong resident of Buffalo until he moved to Eg­ gertsville six years ago to live with his daughter. His daughter, Escher D. Eddy, who followed her dad into the medical field, is a pharmacist and director of the Department of Pharmacy Services at Chil­ dren's Hospital. Dr. Dewitz is in remarkable shape. His only ailments are a touch of arthritis that flares up now and then and a cataract, dis­ covered last year. The eyeglassesprescribed then are "in a drawer someplace. I don't need them because the sight in my other eye is good," he explained. His hearing is acute, and except for an appendectomy in 1932, he has enjoyed good health all his life. A general practitioner, he gave up his office at 3210 Main Sc. nine years ago when he was 92. Some patients, however, refused to give him up and continue to call on him at home. "I see five or six patients a month," he said. He keeps up with the latest technology by reading several medical journals a day. "I'm not caking on any new patients, though," he warned with a twinkle in his eye. In 1978 he and his lace wife, the former Shirley Sanderson, celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary. They met while she was a nurse and he an intern at Buffalo General Hospital. While longevity appears co be a family trait - his mother lived to be 83 and his father 85 - Or. Dewitz attributes his long life to exercise and moderation, which he contends are keys to healthy living. "You can eat almost anything if you do so in moderation," he said. "Vitamin pills; he added, "are not necessary if you eat well-balanced meals that include vegeta­ bles and fruit~ Dr. Dewitz smokes a pipe after meals and enjoys an occasional cigar. Is one drink a day acceptable for healthy living? "Some doctors recommend two; quipped the doc­ tor, who sometimes has a beer with meals or a mixed drink during the "cocktail hour." He sleeps eight hours a night and may nap in che afternoon - but not during "General Hospital," his favorite soap opera. r. Dewitz showed an early liking for che medical field. His parents, who came to Buffalo from Germany in 1881, resolved to assist him in acquiring his professional training. At age 15, he learned lab work in the D 12/85 Franklin Street office of Dr. Charles Stock­ ton, a leading physician of the day. "He specialized in diseases of the stomach and no matter what your ailment was, you had a tube stuck down your throat to get a sample of stomach con­ tents. From that we could diagnose ulcer, cancer or gastritis," Or. Dewitz said. "X-rays were just beginning then, and the first area doctor to have a machine was Dr. William Ward Plummer, an orthopaed­ ic surgeon. Franklin Street, between Vir­ ginia and Allen, was known as Doctors' Row," he added, reeling off the names of more than a dozen physicians with offices there. After five years as a lab assistant, Or. Dewitz almost quit medicine. "A friend suggested l'd make more working for the railroad. But Or. Stockton, who was on the University of Buffalo medical faculty, took me aside and said the most I'd ever earn on the railroad would be $85 a month. Medicine, he said, pays more in the long run," he recalled. A 1914 graduate of the UB Medical School, Or. Dewitz is described in a 1923 "History of Buffalo" as being "naturally scientific."He already had acquired a wide reputation, and his judgment was highly respected by both his associates in the medical profession and by his patients. He began independent practice in 1921, when he took over the Allen Street prac­ tice of Or. Matthew D. Mann, who oper­ ated on President William McKinley after he was shot at the Pan-American Exposi­ tion in 1901. Dr. Dewitz applauds recent develop­ ments in his field. "l think it's wonderful chat we have men who are able to do or­ gan transplants," he emphasized. "I can remember when some doctors were afraid to stick a needle in a vein." president of the Confederacy, was travel­ ing to New York from Chicago in 1903. She became ill and was taken off the train at Buffalo. Dr. Stockton treated her in the Castle Inn, the former home of Millard Fillmore, located where the Statler Build­ ing now stands. I had to run to a store for a gallon of olive oil required for her treat­ ment," he said. In the early years of his practice, office calls were 50 cents co $1 and a house call was $3, he noted. "I never did get rich, but I've had a very satisfying life serving others. I've had three cars - a 1926 Hudson, then a Nash and finally a Dodge. Yearsago, if you cook care of a car it lasted a long time; he said. "I have a favorite saying: 'Suns will rise and suns' will set again, but when this lit­ tle light goes out, there will be one long night for sleeping'. I've always been con­ cent to work. Hard work never killed any­ one." (Sect1011on Or. Dewitz wnllen t>y Uso MuehtX>uefand ,epmt ­ ed with pe,m.ss,on from the Buffalo News. Joi\ 24. 1965.Whe<e M~ Muehlbouer aso writer.) N onetheless, he is disturbed by what he feels is the lack of closeness be­ tween patient and doctor today. "I listened to my patients. Leechem talk - it's a good way to rid chem of unwarranted fear and worry," he said. Among his souvenirs is a calling card of the late actress Marie Dressler, whom he met in the office of his mentor, Dr. Stock­ ton. "She was appearing in Buffalo at the time. Vaudeville was big in those days, and often we got passes from entertainers who came in with ailments," he said. Dr. Dewitz also recalls another encoun­ ter with a famous person: "Mrs. Jefferson Davis, widow of the BUFFAID ]PH v $1 ¢ 1ANI Dr Hobart Reimann AT THE FRONTLINES IN MEDICAL RESEARCH D uring the 64-year career of Hobart A. Reimann, M.D., it seems that when he wasn't creat­ ing patients he was travelling; when he wasn't travelling he was writing; and when he wasn't writing, he was painting. He somehow held appointments at ten �' academic institutions, in Prague, Persia and Peking; Indonesia, Minnesota, and Philadelphia; add Buffalo and Beirut, to bo ot. He published over 350 scientifi c ar­ ticles and a number of books, and con­ tributed seven "firsts" to medical science. Then he retired to become a professional painter. Hobart Reimann, 88, began his medical career when he graduated from UB (M'21). After interning at Buffalo General, he held research positions in N.Y.City and Prague. China was where he began his teaching career, as associate professor of medicine in Peking Union Medical College in 1927. While professor and chairman of medicine at the University of Minnesota School of Medicine during the 1930s, he was the first to report sporadic staphylococcalpneumo­ nia (simultaneously with Henry Chicher­ ing), as well as amylodosis. In 1936, as Magee Professor (and chair­ man) of medicine at Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadel­ phia, he expanded his original contribu­ tions to medical science. He considers the most significant to be his findings on atyp­ ical pneumonia, where he pointed out the mistaken cause of many cases of pneumo­ nia (commensalavirulent pneumococci) that until then had often been treated un­ necessarily with antibiotics. His 1938 con­ tribution was recognized by JAMA when his article was reprinted as one of 51 Land­ marks in Medicine, Centennial Series, in September 1985. His ocher "firsts" at Jefferson included being the first co recognize viral dysentery (1945) and the relation of polyartericis and trichinosis (1947). While chairman, he suc­ ceeded in greatly expanding his Depart­ ment of Medicine and initiated its first residency program in medicine, unusual for the Great Depression era. His prolific publishing led the JAMA editor to describe him as "among the most frequent of published contributors . . . perhaps even the most frequent." After seven years in overseas universi­ ties, Reimann and his wife settled in the Philadelphia area, where he remains today. As professor of medicine at Hahneman Medical College, he published his pioneer­ ing research in periodic diseases, maladies such as peritonitis and psychoses that recur every seven or multiples of seven days. Since retiring, he has put down his pen for a paint brush and germinates flowers instead of medical firsts. Besides tending his one-acre garden, Dr. Reimann is an accom­ plished painter. He had no formal train­ ing, but his work has been distinguished by appearing on the cover of a 1972 issue of JAMA and winning a prize at an American Physicians Arts Association show. He has painted six commissioned portraits, and has had two one-man shows. Most of his hundreds of paintings have become gifts for friends and prizes for charities, or have been sold for the benefit of Jefferson and Hahnemann. Among his favorite memories are some of the famous people he has talked with, including Nehru, Indira Gandhi, the Shah of Iran, Indonesian President Sukarno and, especially, Sr. Alexander Fleming shortly after the introduction of penicillin. His experiences in China were particu­ larly memorable. During World War ll, he flew to China as part of a government team to control an alarming cholera epi­ demic. While flying over the Himalayas, \ '\.f A cou?r pai nt ing by D r. Rei man 1972. BUFFAID IPJ-1 V$ - CI AN I r1 the team had co jettison all their medical cargo because of engine trouble. With no equipment left, they worked in a primitive earthen floor hospital, using coke and beer bottles for suspensions and I.V. needles ~ground to the hilt." He advocated massive rehydration, thereby reducing the death rate from 50 co 5 per cent, ironically the same general mortality rate in the more sterile and better equipped U.S. To celebrate VJ Day and co honor the team's efforts, the Chinese held a banquet for their American associates. He remem­ bers. the Chinese head nurse, who spoke halting English, rising for a roast, exclaim­ ing "Kam pei, kam pei; Bottoms up, every­ body show your bottoms!" With all his accomplishments in medi­ cine and art, it is fitting that Dr. Reimann considers one of his most lasting contri­ butions to be in training new physicians~! am pleased to have been an efficient pedagogue." BACKGROUND MEN OF PHILANTHROPY ''I figure I've personally delivered some 11,000 babies," comments Dr. Harry G. LaForge. Few would dispute the claim of this 83-year-old gynecologist-obstetrician, who sees up to 50 patients a week, "down from my very active days when J used to see that many in a day." Harry LaForge did much more than bring babies into the world. He also brought into UB's world a series of major philanthropic contributions that he esti­ mates may total $20 million from various funds. Together with men like Dr. Virgil Boeck, he was a "behind-the-scenes" person, work­ ing tirelessly and persistently so that area philanthropists would direct their dona­ tions to the University. Independent of those efforts, his own personal philanthro­ py has generously helped others. Fitting for his profession, he notes on the first line of his curriculum vitae, "Born 8/ 28/ 02, Buffalo, West side, home deliv­ ery." He's thrice a UB alumnus, first in pharmacy (1923), then in medicine (1934), and finally an M.S. in Medicine (1937). "1 decided to become a physician while work­ ing as a salesman for Eli Lilly. After call­ ing on all those doctors, it finally occurred co me, 'Why not become one?' " His philanthropic efforts began in 1944 with the student loan fund that bears his 12/8S �In his office next to Millard Fillmore Hospital, Dr. Boeck carries a patient schedule that is almost undiminished compared to previous years. The medical graduate of UB (1931) specializes in inter­ nal medicine, particularly cardiology and diabetes. The assistant clinical professor emeritus in medicine played a primary role in initiating one of the first formal teach­ ing programs in medicine at Millard Fillmore Hospital. He was also involved in one of the earliest tests for Orinase for di­ abetics. name and now totals approximately $50,000. In 1948, he established the Gy­ necologic Research Fund (which he esti­ mates at $50,000) at Buffalo General Hospital, and in 1952 donated money co equip the Endocrine Lab at Children's Hospital. His philanthropic work expand­ ed as co-founder of the Annual Participat­ ing Fund for Medical Education. It now totals $400,000 in assets, and, interesting­ ly, later provided the seed money to stare up the Buffalo Physician in the late 60s. More recently, he chaired Buffalo Gener­ al's 1970 Fund Drive chat raised $700,000. All these accomplishments are public record. It is his background efforts, however, chat are not widely known. "l asked to meet with Ralph Hochstet­ ter who was going co donate a large sum co the University of Rochester. After in­ terviewing him, l arranged for Chancellor Furnas co meet with him and he 'walked out' with $100,000 in municipal bonds as a donation co UB." With the assistance of Virgil Boeck and ochers, he kept up his discussions with Mr. Hochstetter and was intrumental in getting him to will half of his estate co UB. The Hochstetter Foun­ dation now totals $10 million and is res­ tricted co medical students only. The Hochstetter Building on UB's North Cam­ pus was named after Ralph Hochstetter and is now the home of the departments of Pharmacy and Biology. "I also met several times with Frederick Slee, at the time my next door neigh­ bor, co discuss his donating co UB. Nothing seemed co come out of the meet­ ing, though. Then suddenly I learned about his donation; Laforge relates. The donation totalled $900,000 to the Univer­ sity's arts programs. "I'll never really know the exact effect l had on him." The emeritus clinical associate professor of ob-gyn succinctly explains his unswerv­ ing philanthropic motivations as follows: 12/85 "If there wasn't a UB, there wouldn't be me, M.D." For all his philanthropic work, Dr. Laforge received the University's highest alumni award in 1961, the Samuel P. Capen Award. Dr. LaForge's advice co younger physi­ cians about aging is simple: "I encourage all of you co keep seeing patients. le keeps your brain going and alert." Regarding his own "retirement": "I'm never going co re­ tire. I love medicine and I look forward ev­ ery day to seeing patients. Who the hell wanes co look out a window?" In his later year:,, :.ecing patients is clear­ ly his ~hobby.•i quit playing golf years ago because my game kept getting interrupt­ ed by women in labor." D r. Virgil Boeck, 77, also played an im­ portant role in bringing philanthro­ py to UB. His contact with Ralph Hoch­ stetter was direct-we was the benefactor's primary physician. His familiarity with Mr. Hochstetter, together with LaForge's efforts, ultimately led co the gift that numerous medical and other students will be beneficing from for decades. UT IT Dr. Boeck has always been a leader in a variety of organizations. He organized St. Joseph's lnrercommunity Hospital's Department of Medicine and was chief of medicine there for 15 years. He was co­ founder and first president of the Western New York Society of Internal Medicine (1951-52)and the second president of New York State Society of Internal Medicine. Unlike his friend Harry Laforge, Virgil Boeck's interest in becoming a physician started very early, as an eight-year-old. He opened his first practice in the 30s in the Finger Lakes area, where he became presi­ dent of the Yates County Medical Socie­ ty. He remembers fondly those years in the small town of Dundee when "people respected and appreciated their doctor." Other than Ralph Hochstetter, his most memorable patients were from his World War II days as an assistant corps surgeon in the Far East. He treated the president of South Korea, Syngman Rhee, for pneu­ monia; Secretary of War Patterson for a bad cold, and the Russian Ambassador co Korea for stomach pains (which turned out to be a malignancy). His advice for younger physicians: "Re­ main active and dedicated and keep up your medical education." His advice for older physicians: "Associate with younger physicians." • �13 ( OKS DEINSTITUTIONALIZATIO & REALITIES PROMISES ''F or mentally retarded persons, the promises of deinstitutionalization have not mer the reality of dei n­ stiturionalization; maintains Barry Willer, Ph.D., associate professor of psychiatry, in his new book Promisesand Realities For Mentall)• ReiardedCitizens: Life In the Community (1984, University Park Press, Baltimore, Md. 269 pp.). The book reviews the hisrory and investigates the problems and benefits of deinstitutionali­ zation of the mentally retarded. It is intended for !:>oth policy makers and students in policy analysis as well as for physicians, parents and practitioners in community service work who deal with mentally retarded persons. Dr. Willer began the book after completing his final report on the •Deinstitutionalization of Mentally Retarded Persons in New York State," prepared in 1980 for the then Depart• ment of Healch, Education and Welfare, Office of Human Development. That study has been widely recognized as one of the most compre­ hensive investigations of deinstitutionalization completed co date. Willer co-authored the book with James lntagliata, Ph.D. (UB 1976), research director of the University Affiliated Facility at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Dr. ln­ tagliaca was a clinical assistant professor of psy­ chiatry at UB for seven years until 1984. Dr. Willer is a supporter of deinstitutionali­ zation for mentally retarded persons. However, he learned from his investigations that New York's deinstitutionalization program was mov­ ing too fast to allow for careful planning and prevention of unforeseen problems. Further­ more, Willer asserts that the program has placed too much emphasis on group home placement without caking advantage of other beneficial deinstitutionalization alternatives. "The pendulum swung suddenly from empha­ sis on institutionalization to emphasis on large scale and rapid dcinstitutionalization, especially in group homes. I believe that it swung too far and in the process overlooked some of the other alternatives that in many cases can be both more beneficial and less costly," he comments. BUFFAID IPMV$1C1ANj Willer's book is no armchair study. The prac­ tical thrust of the volume is his discussion of recommendations based upon derailed visits and investigations of numerous group homes and facilities in New York, other states, On­ tario, and Puerto Rico. An important benefit of deinstitutionaliza­ tion, Willer agrees, is that living in a normal­ ized atmosphere encourages norma l behavior. Such normalized environments include the natura l family, group homes, foster and adop­ tive homes and homes for the elderly. In most of these community-based settings, mentally retarded persons have adapted co the main­ streamed lifestyle much better than expected­ and certainly better than those still in insti­ tutions. T here arc many reasons for the choice of Promisesand Realitiesas the book's title. One of the major promises was that deinstitu• tionalization would benefit all those released from institutions. The reality is that some have 12/85 �BOOKS not benefited because of the way the program has been implemented. A group home, for ex• ample, may be of greatest benefit to one men­ tally retarded person, while placement with the natural family may be the only beneficial form of deinsticucionalizacion for another. But the state has, up until recently, chosen group homes almost co the exclusion of any other al­ ternative, with negative effects on some in­ dividuals, Willer explains. Or. Willer discovered chat the emphasis on group homes was so great that other alterna­ tives were not only overlooked but even active1y avoided. "I realized chat the deinsricurionalization policy even took on an 'anti-family' aspect. For example, placement with rhe natural family, sometimes the most effective method, was actively discouraged. While funding was provided for group home placement, little was provided for natural fa. mily placement. Community support services were also largely unavailable. In face, families were nor even informed about the services char were available co them." Another promise was chat rhe mentally retarded could live independently. While this certainly proved true for a large number, Willer believes that "most handicapped persons will never live independently, those who do are not necessarily happier or better off because of it, and some clearly do not want co." le was the speed with which the policv was implemented chat also caused problems, Dr. Willer learned during his research. Dr. Willer feels chat "cases were nor always handled effec­ tively in the rush and pressure to deinstirution­ alize as quickly as possible." For example, he adds, "deinstitutionalization was often accom• plished by closing the door to new mentally retarded persons genuinely in need of inscitu­ cionalizacion." The lack of planning is also reflected by che fact that, "at the current rate of growth, there would be ten times greater ca­ pacity in group homes as there are mentally retarded people," he remarks. A third major promise was that dcinstitunon­ alization would cost less. However, group home placement costs approximately as much as in­ stitutionalization, and total costs may actual­ ly be much greater. This is because placement in group homes is not reflected in a propo rtion­ al reduction in the costs of running the insti• cutions that formerly housed the patients. Unless an institution is actually shut down, basic coses of running and maintaining it continue. What Dr. Willer points out is that the poli• 12/ 85 cy emphasis on group homes is the most cost· Iv deinstitutionalization option. The least expensive options such as placement with natural, foster, or adoptive families, have been largely ignored. As a result the budget for state mentally retarded services has increased at rates three co four times faster than inflation, while che budgets for other state services have in­ creased at or below che rate of inflation. Among the ocher "realities" Dr. Willer refers co arc chc unintended consequences of dein­ stitutionalization on the family. Many parents, after difficult deliberation, decided years ago to institutionalize a child. After getting used co dependence on an institution co provide life­ long care for that son or daughter, they are now being cold that the professionals who had ad­ vised chem to do it were "wrong;" now che professionals recommend a radically different approach. Family members wonder if the professionals could also be wrong this time. W hen Willer's findings were released in New York Scace, they received a chilly reception from some authorities and advoca• cy groups who were enthusiastic supporters of deinscitutionalization. "They supported dein­ scicucionalizacion, especially group homes, so strongly that they resbced any criticism, even when it was presented for constructive pur­ poses.• According co Dr. Willer, chcy viewed his HEW report as an attack on deinstitutionali­ zacion in general, when it actually questioned only the speed of the program's implementa• cion and its overemphasis on a single option. Dr. Willer's in-depth investigations did turn up some group homes in the scare that were poorly run, as evidenced by the deterioration of individuals placed in chem. However, most group homes, he found, were operated with few problems. • Dr . Will er'~ f indmg s go t a c hill )· rece pti o n . BUFFAID CTJ[ V _!. 1 ¢1Alf"] Dr . C onclr e ll tvi t h cl ie nt s in h is unc o m_,.,ntional of{ice. HOWTORA C hild psychologist Dr. Kenneth Con­ drell has sec down 20 years of ex­ perience working with children and parents in his new book just released nation­ wide. Hoo: To Raise A Brai, written for a lay­ man / parent audience, describes in a humorous and chatty scyle how co recognize rhe common mistakes chat parents make-and then how co avoid them. Dr. Condrell is a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry. Nine chapters identify many of the most common problems that parents encounter. He first describes, step-by-seep,the way parents can foster problem behavior. The reader then knows which of their responses or approaches co avoid. Condrell follows chis by describing, again in a step-by-seep manner, the way ro in­ teract with your child co avoid or rectify problem behavior. Condrell feels that, like his instructional ap­ proach (a layman-oriented adaptation of what psychologists call paradoxical techniques), some of his chapters are rarely seen among popular how-co-parent books. "How to Alienate Your Teenager" is one such example, as well as "Divorce and How to Use Your Kids• and "How to Make Your Children Jealous." Condrell makes it clear that the conse• qucnces of not hearing the messages that your children are sending you can be severest when they become teenagers. In rhe chapter "How to Alienate Your Teenager; he gives 16 proven ways co do it. Samples of several of these ways are: Method number two "Criticize Frequently" instructs parents to "Always look for opportu­ nities co criticize ... Criticize his music, his messy room, his cloches, his sleeping lace ... just keep nagging and picking ac all chis nor• mal teen behavior and in a short time he will be avoiding you like the plague." �15 BOOKS lISEABRAT "Run Grounding Into the Ground" (Method No. 8) instruets parents "when you ground your teen, make sure it's for two or three months. Better yet, make it an indefinite grounding until you feel he has proven himself. Keep him in the dark. This way he will think he is ground­ ed forever." The tench method, "Be an Adule," remind;, parents to "try real hard to never recall the feel­ ings of your own teen years. In chis way you won't be able to have empathy and put your­ self in your ccen'sshoes ... Forget the child and teenager in you." Condrell emphasizes chat he certainly didn't invent all the techniques. "] never made up all these techniques on how to do it wrong­ parents created chem. In over 20 years of treat­ ing troubled families, I just collected all the parenting mistakes from parents who didn't even know they were making chem." After receiving his Ph.D. in clinical psychol­ ogy from UB in 1964,he was senior supervis­ ing clinical child psychologist at E.j. Meyer Hospital and on the faculty of UB's Depart­ ment of Learning and Behavioral Disorders. He entered full-time private practice as a clinical child psychologist in 1968and was appointed co the faculty of the Medical School's Depart­ ment of Psychiatry in 1974, where he super­ vised and lectured co psychiatric residents and caught medical students for a number of years. In 1977,according to Condrell, he developed the first private practice group of child psychol­ ogists in Western New York specializing in serv­ ices to families and children. For the past several years, he has collaborated with the judicial sys­ tem and Bar Association to improve ways of handling the issue of child custody. A regular guest on the popular "AM Buffalo" television program for the past eight years, he helped or­ ganize an hour-long TV program on child abuse in May, 1980.Over the years, Condrell has been a consultant to the Buffalo Associa• tion for the Blind, the Children's Hospital of Buffalo, the New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, and ocher groups. He is a member of the American Psychological Associ­ ation, the Psychological Association of Western New York, the Society for Pediatric Psycholo­ gy, and the Menea l Health Association of Western New York. He recently appeared on ABC's national show "Nighcline" to discuss child rearing and was honored by the Erie County Legislature in July for his service co \VNY's families. • Med School authors have fruitful year I was a ·fruitful year for new books by UB's medical community. A large crop of books have come across the editor's desk this year from faculty and alumni. The following is a small samp ling and by no means should be viewed as complete as we are not notified of all new publications. Dr. Pearay Ogra was the editor of Neona­ t tal Infections:Nutritionaland ImmunologicInter­ actions (1984, Grune and Stratton, Inc., 352 pp.). This important monograph features 19 chapters written by 30 distinguished contribu­ tors, including five from UB's Medica l School. Or. Ogra is professor of microbiology and pedi­ atrics. 1'vo major works were edited by Or. Michael Anbar , professor and chai rman of b10physics. Clinical Biophysics(1985,Warren H. Green, Inc., Sc. Louis, 747 pp.) was coedited by associate professor of biophysics, Dr. Robert Sp engler, and Peter Scott , Ph.D. This relatively new field of medicine covers a range of technologies , such as computers, ultra­ sonics , NMR imaging, nuclear medicine, bioe­ lectric techniques, biomedical engineering, and biophysics medical applications. Or. Anbar's ocher book, The Machine at the Bedside:Strategiesfor UsingTechnologyin Patient Care (1984, Cambridge University Press, 363 pp.) is about the technology of health care­ its creation, dissemination, and use. It discuss­ es how che technological revolution is shaping modern health care. Sixty-one scientists, bi­ oechicists, planners, policy makers, analyses, nurses, physicians and others contributed. Dr. Carel van Oss, professor of microbiol­ ogy, published Molecular Immunology:A Text­ book(1984,Marcel Dekker Publisher, New York, BUFFALO IPHVS1¢1AN) 725 pp.). His coed itors are M. Zouhair Atas­ si and Darr yl Absolorn , research assistant professor of microbiology. A second edition of A Concise Handbookof Respirato1') Di5easeshas been published by Dr. Satter Farzan, clinical professor of medicine at ECMC and colleagues. The textbook was published by Reston Publishing Co., Reston, Va., in 1985. Headand Neck Canceris the new book of Dr. Donald Shedd, research professor of surgery at Roswell Park Memorial Institute (1985,C.V. Moshy Co., St. Louis, 848 pp.). Dr. Shedd and four other physicians edited the book which represents the proceedings of the First Inter­ national Conference of the Society of Head and Neck Surgeons and the American Socie­ ty for Head and Neck Surgery. One of the Buffalo area's major physicians associated with the hospice movement, Dr. Robert Milch , has co-autho red a government monograph wich D r. Ai-nold Fre eman, on controlling and managing pain in the termi­ na lly ill pediatric patient-Palliauve Pain and SymptomsManagementfor Childrenand Adoles­ cents (1985,Children's Hospice International and U.S. Department of Health and Human services, Division of Maternal and Chi ld Health). The· publication instructs health care providers how co use the hospice concept to maintain the quality of life for children in their lase stages of life. It reviews different ways co deal with pain and fear of death at different age levels and gives details on appropriate use of analgesics and other discomfort-controlling drugs for the hospice patient. Or. Milch is vice president of Hospice Buffa­ lo and clinical assistant professor of surgery. Or. Freeman is professor of pediatrics anc.lRoswell Park's chief of Pediatric Oncology and Hema­ tology. Roswell's pediat ric nurse administrator, Ellen Clark, also was a co-author. An unconventiona l book on a non-medica l topic is the result of efforts by a medica l alum­ nus: BullsBearsand Dogs:A ScockMarket Strate­ gy (1984,Albright Press, Oakland, Ca., 160pp.). The author, Or. Jason Farber (M'33), after years in medicine, has been active in the finan­ cial arena as an executive of a pharmaceutical company and financial consultant to founda­ tions. He caught at the Medical School for five years during World War II and 1s a Fellow of the Ame rican College of Physicians. Notice of new books by faculty and alum111 should be sent to Buffalo Physician, 136 Crofts Hall, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14260. • 12/85 �16 FELIXMIIDROM After 18 years of distinguished leadership Microbiologychairman becomes 'private citizen' BY C. JOHN ABEYOUNIS, Ph.D. Acting Chainnan and Profes_~or of Microbiology A fter 18 years of distinguished leader­ ship, Dr. Felix Milgrom has stepped down as chairman of the Department of Microbiology in the School of Medicine. In commenting about this move, he is fond of cit­ ing Benjamin Franklin who said that it is a pro­ motion when a public servant becomes a private citizen. As a "private citizen" in the department, Dr. Milgrom will now devote all of his time to teaching and research. Felix Milgrom received academic distinction here by his appointment as Distinguished Professor in 1981,following a long and fruitful career in teaching, research, and administration that began 40 years ago in Poland. In 1946, he completed his medical education, which had been interrupted by the Nazi terror of World War 11,by graduating from the University of Wroclaw. That same year, he joined the labora­ cory of Dr. Ludvik Hirszfeld, a world-famous bacteriologist and immunologist, who was at that time chairman of the Department of Microbiology at Wroclaw and was noted for his work on the heredity of human blood groups. In the European tradition, Felix Milgrom was engaged in research for an additional two years to earn his M.D. degree, and in 1951 he was awarded the Docent degree, which is equi­ valent to an American Ph.D. By 1954 he was an internationally recognized immunolo­ gist; he had attained the rank of professor and was chairman of the Department of Microbi­ ology at the Silesian School of Medicine at Zabrze-Rokimica, Poland, an unusual accom- 12/85 plishment at the age of 34. Dr. Milgrom left Poland and came to Buffa. lo in 1958 with his family, after accepting an offer from the late Dr. Ernest Witebsky, the former chairman of the Department here (at that time known as the Department of Bacceri­ ology and Immunology). Once again he ad­ vanced quickly in academic rank. He joined the department as a research associate and in six years had achieved the rank of professor. In 1967, he succeeded Ernest Witebsky as chair­ man. In the following year, together with Dr. Witebsky and other senior members of the department, Dr. Milgrom was instrumental in establishing the Center for Immunology, a move that has given international recognition to the department, as well as co the School of Medicine and the University. Formation of the center provided a focal point for the strong but diversified community of immunologists that had developed in Buffalo. Among the activi­ ties of the center is the sponsorship of inter• national meetings which are held in Buffalo every other year. Outstanding investigators in microbiology and immunology attend these meetings to give lectures and discuss their research. The first of these convocations was held in 1968, and the tenth will be held this summer. Being aware that a strong graduate program was crucial for the vitality of an academic department, Felix Milgrom initiated expansion of the Department's program soon after assum­ ing the chairmanship. This program was initiat• BUFFAID jPAYS1C1ANj ed in 1951 and had trained 21 Ph.D. students by 1967. At that time, the Department offered seven graduate courses, and there were 10 graduate faculty members. One of the new chairman's first acts was to increase the gradu­ ate faculty co include virtually all of the aca­ demic microbiologists and immunologists at various local hospitals, as well as those at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Today the graduate program is one of the largest of its kind in the country, with a roster of 36 graduate faculty and a listing of 20 formal courses. Of the 114Ph.D. degrees awarded by the program to date, 93 were conferred during Or. Milgrom's tenure as chairman. Expansion of the gradu­ ate program served two significant purposes. It broadened the expertise within the department, and it forged the microbiology community in Buffalo into an effective academic team. F elix Milgrom's academic heritage, which can be traced back to the "father of Im­ munology," Paul Ehrlich, has had a strong in­ fluence on his approach to research. Today, he is one of a few scientists with profound knowledge of the entire field of immunology. His basic research has been intertwined with the development of immunological techniques which have practical application in clinical medicine. Or. Milgrom's very first contribution in research occurred very soon after World War LI,a time when syphilis had reached epidemic proportions in Eastern Europe. He developed a simple test for this disease that could be per• ��MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS vide evidence for the idea that Paul-Bunnell an­ formed on a drop of dried blood. He used chis tibodies arc produced in response to a novel rest for mass examination of over 2 million sub­ antigen that is formed in the course of infec­ jects, a fear chat contributed greatly to bring­ tious mononucleosis. ing syphilis under control. Much of Dr. Milgrom's early research in­ volved studies on so-called natural antibodies. n addition to the above described studies, In chis work he was the first to show that the Or. Milgrom has made significant contri• combining site of an antibody molecule may butions in other areas of immunology, inhave more than one specificity. Also, several years before it was shown that lgM antibodies had ten combining sites, he was the first to demonstrate chat an anti­ body molecule may have more than two combining sites. In 1956, Dr. Milgrom described a factor in human serum which was termed anti-antibody. This antibody reacts only with lgG molecules that arc bound to an­ tigen. The observation led him co propose that new antigenic sires on an antibody molecule may be exposed as a result of binding of that molecule to antigen. He also postulated that serological denaturation of an individual's own lgG may lead to the forma­ tion of the various antibodies to IgG that arc detected in sera of pa• tients with rheumatoid arthritis. He obtained experimental evi­ dence substantiating this view by showing that rabbits will form an­ tibodies to lgG when they are im­ munized for a prolonged period with a foreign antigen or even when they are immunized with their own denatured lgG. Dr. Milgrom also has done ex­ tensive work in the area of organ transplantation. He was the first to demonstrate that certain forms of kidney graft rejection are caused by antibodies in the recipient's circulation that are Dr. Milgrom flanked by portraits of h1~mentors . directed against che grafted tissue. Or. Milgrom also has devoted considerable attention to the study of hecer­ eluding human blood groups and serum ophile antigens and antibodies. Of particular groups, autoimmunity, renal immunopatholo­ significance has been his work on Paul-Bunnell gy, and tumor immunology. antigens and antibodies, which are important Felix Milgrom's achievements are well recog­ in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. nized in the national as well as the internation­ F-ormany years the appearance of Paul-Bunnell al scientific community. He enjoys the antibodies in this disease has mystified inves­ reputation as one of the world's leading immu­ tigato rs. He was che first co propose and prono logists, with over 400 scientific publications I 12/85 BUFFAID !PHV$1¢1ANI co his credit. He has been the mentor of over 80 Ph .D. students and postdoctoral fellows, many of whom have made their mark in research and occupy key positions in the aca­ demic community of their respective countries. Or. Milgrom's accomplishments have been recognized by the awarding of several honorary doctor of JJ1edicinedegrees: by the University of Vienna, Austria, in 1976; by the University of Lund, Sweden, and the University of Heidelberg, Ge rmany, in 1979; and by the University of Bergen, Norway, in 1980.The occasion in Vienna was particularly joyful for Or. Mil­ grom since the medical tradition in his family began with the graduation of his great uncle from that institution. Also, the honorary degree from the Univer­ sity of Heidelberg formalized Or. Milgrom's academic heritage. Both his mentor, Ludvik Hirsz­ feld, and Emil von Oungern, who was the mentor of Hirszfcld, trained with Paul Ehrlich there. The Milgrom family has had a long tradition in medicine. Felix Milgrom's father and great uncle were physicians. His brother is a physician. His wife, Halina, whose father was a physician, is a UB clinical assistant professor and dermatologist with recogni­ tion in her own right in the clin­ ical and research aspects of that medical speciality. Their two sons, Henry and Martin, also are phy­ sicians. Henry is a pediatric aller­ gist and Marcin is a surgeon. Throughout his career, Felix Milgrom has remained true co his academic heritage. Speaking at a dinner given recently in his honor, he concluded his remarks by citing a poem which was given to him by his spiritual grandfather, Emil von Dungern . You wanted to look into the face of nature And for this you fought all your life Still you did not pierce Nature's shield And the everlastingnature defeated you. And unfulfilled remain your longings. The poem concludes "/chweisseswohl, und doch wir kampfen weiter." I know chis well but still we keep fighting. • �AN ERA HAS ENDED ) 44-year-olddepartment has roots in G~rmany BY THOMAS FLANAGAN, Ph.D. Professorof Microbiology A \ l The late Dr. Ernest Witebsky, founder of the UB DeJ1artment of Bacteriology & Immunology, a~ it wa., known then. n era has ended for the Department of Microbiology; a new one has commenced. The new era will be opened by Dr. C. John Abeyounis, who was appointed acting chairman on September I, I985, and is the chird person to lead the depart­ ment since its incepnon in 1941. He follows Dr. Felix Milgrom, who just retired as chair­ man after almost two decades of illustrious service to devote himself full-time to research and teaching. He in turn followed the found­ er and first chairman, Dr. Ernest Witebsky. While the official founding of the department occurred in 1941when Dr. Wicebsky was desig­ nated chairman of the Department of Bacteri­ ology and Immunology, the scientific and mcellectual roots of the department originat­ ed m Heidelberg, Germany, in the early part of the century. Emil von Dungern, a student of Paul Ehrlich, the "father of immunology," and Ludvik Hirszfeld conducted pioneering scudies on human immunogenetics in the In­ stitute for Cancer Research at the University of Heidelberg. Several years later, in the same institute, another student of Ehrlich's and friend of von Dungern, Hans Sachs, collabo­ rated with che young Ernest Witebsky in pi­ oneering research on the immunologic specificity of organs and tissues. Hirszfcld returned to Poland where he later became chairman of che Department of Microbiology at che University of Warsaw. He was to become the mentor of Felix Milgrom. Thus, the heritage of the Department of Microbiology derives from Ehrlich and in­ cludes the beginnings of immunogenetics and scudies on organ and tissue specificity. Ac the beginning, the department consisted of Dr. Witebsky, a diener (assistant), August Fischer, and a technician, Anne Heide (Miss Heide retired from the University in 1982 af­ ter 52 years of service), and was housed in three rooms in the old Medical School on High Street in Buffalo. The teaching responsibilities included presentation of bacteriology and im­ munology to second year medical students. James F. Mohn, presently professor of microbi­ ology and director of The Ernest Witebsky BUFFALO IPHvS1¢1ANj Center for Immunology, joined che department in 1942as a student assistant during his medi­ cal undergraduate days and became a faculty member upon his graduation in 1944.Three years later, in 1947,Dr. Mohn took responsi­ bility for the medical course which he led suc­ cessfully for 28 years until 1975when Thomas D. Flanagan and Murray W. Stinson became course coordinators. In the lace '40s and early '50s, Dr. W1tebsky continued his studies on blood group sub­ stances and tissue specificity. He had attract­ ed to the department, talented young investigators such as Noel R. Rose and Sidney Shulman who collaborated on the tissue speci­ ficity studies focusing on the antigenicity of thyroglobulin. Their collaborative efforts resulted in the first experimental demonstra­ tion of autoimmunity. They showed that rab­ bits immunized with their own thyroglobulin developed anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and, most significantly, the rabbits mounted an im­ munological attack on their own thyroid glands. The work was later extended to human diseases of the thyroid by the demomtratton of anti-thyroglobulin antibodie, in the sera of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and other thyroid diseases. The research established the concept of autoimmunity as an immuno­ logical phenomenon, a fact with highly signifi­ cant clinical implications. Felix Milgrom joined che department m 1958.He came to Buffalo physically by way of Paris, where he had worked with Pierre Gra• bar, and spiritually by way of Heidelberg and the lineage of Ehrlich. He brought his own in­ terests in immunology which very much com­ plemented the existing research. He collaborated closely with Dr. Witebsky on projects dealing with tissue and organ speci­ ficity. His work later extended to issues of transplantation and tumor immunology. Also very significant were the research ac­ complishmcnrs of rhe late Dr. Erwin Nerer. He pioneered development of che passive hemag­ glutination test which aids diagnosis of a vari­ ety of coterie bacterial infections. He also coined the term "enteropathogenic" for certain 12/85 �MEDICAL SCHC)OL ~'JEWS normally friendly E. coli in the gut which can cause disease in infants. A graduate program was the natural out• growth of the research activities of the expand­ ing faculty (Almen L. Barron, Ernst H. Beumer, and Joseph H. Kite, Jr. had joined the department during the period 1954-58). Dr. Mohn first l.'Stablishedthe formal graduate pro­ gram and lacer Sidney Shulman and Almen Barron acced as directors of graduate studies. The post was filled by John Abeyounis from 1974 until 1985 when Bernice Noble assumed the co-directorship. The early years of the pro­ gram produced a small number of graduates, but with the winning of a National Institutes of Health Training Grant in 1961,the program grew rapidly. There were three Ph.D. degrees awarded before 1960;from 1960-1967,14Ph.D. degrees were awarded; from 1968 co 1974, 31; and from 1975co the present, 66. The depart· ment has awarded at total of 114 Ph.D. and 132 M.A. degrees. In addition, more than 135 postdoccoral fellows have received research training. C oncomitant with the expansion of gradu­ ate training, the focus of research broa­ dened. Prior co 1967 when Dr. Witebsky re­ tired and Dr. Milgrom assumed the chairmanship, most research interest centered on several aspects of immunology, particular­ ly tissue and organ specificity, transplantation, and autoimmunity. At this point new faculty were recruited, Dr. Joseph M. Merrick and Dr. Murray W. Stinson, with research interests in microbial physiology, Dr. Arlene Collins, and Dr. Harshad Thacore with interests in virolo­ gy, Dr. Carel van Oss in molecular immunol­ ogy, and Dr. Marek Zaleski in immunogenct ­ ics. In the lace '60s and early '70s, several direc­ tors of clinical microbiology laboracories in University-affiliated hospitals joined the faculty and conmbuted significantly to the ml.-dical and graduate teaching programs. In particular, Dr. Erwin Netcr became very active and influential. Thus a number of graduate stu­ dents received their training in the hospital laboratories of the community. In a similar manner, faculty members in clin­ ical departments or at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute with interests in immunol­ ogy and medical microbiology were appoint­ ed co the graduate faculty of the department and undertook the supervision of many gradu­ ate students in their laboratories. More recent recruiting of faculty continued 12/85 to emphasize maintaining strength in immu• nology as well as broadening the scope of research activity. In recent years, the depart­ ment has developed in areas such as molecu­ lar biology and parasitology. The current spectrum of research is very broad. For example, Dr. Philip LoVerde, with a background and training in traditional parasitology had developed a project applying the methods of molecular biology to the problems of immunity co schiscosomiasis. Dr. LoVerdc and his students and collaborators arc seeking the genes that code for the protec­ tive antigens of the schistosomc. Once identi- fied and cloned, the gene will be incorporated into an expression vector to produce the anti• gen. The process will be used to produce a vac­ cine against schistosomiasis. Cellular immunology 1sthe focus of a num­ ber of department research efforts. Dr. Diane Jacobs is concerned with the events of 8-cell activation: Her work deals with the interaction of bacterial lipopolysaccharides with the 8-cell surface in triggering proliferation. The sig­ nificance of cell-mediated immunity in virus diseases is under research by Dr. Thomas Flanagan and his colleagues. Dr. Joseph Kite continues his research into the role of cellular mechanisms in autoimmunity. Research on the basic biology of viruses is being conducted in the Virus Laboratory. Dr. Arlene Collins is studying the persistence of coronaviruses in cells using in situ nucleic acid hybridization. Dr. Harshad Thacore is inves­ tigating the molecular biology of viral interfer­ ence and interferon. Dr. Murray Stinson and Dr. Boris Albini are investigating the significance of streptococcal cell products in the phenomenon of bacterial adhesion and their role in immunopathology of the kidney. Dr. Abeyounis is acting chairman D r. C. John Abeyouni, has been ap• pointed acting chairman of the Department of Microbiology. He replau:s the internationally-recognized outgo­ ing chairman, Felix Milgrom, M.D., who head­ ed the widely respected department for 18years. The search for a nc\\ permanent chairman will begin shortly. Dr. Abeyounis, a professor of microbiology, has ser\'ed as director of graduate studies for hts department !Since 1972 and as associate chairman since 1983. He has been on UB's faculty since earning his Ph.D. here in 1965. A member of numerous professional socie­ ties, he is contributing Lxlitorto the International Archi\·es of Allergy and Applied lmmunoloir.,. Among his numerous publications in tumor and transplantation immunology, he is co­ editor of three boob including the 1985 Anri bodies:Pmrectite, Destnu:mc and RegulatonRole. BUFFAID I CJC:FvS l ¢1AN The North Carolina nativc's reseanh also to­ ~use,,on diagnosing cancer usmg antibodies m blood scrum as well as using immunologk ap­ proaches in cancer therapy. • �lmmunop;irhology continues to be an impor• tam focus of res..-arch. Dr. \'t'nebsk\ ha, been calk-d "rhe Farhcr oflmmunopathology" in this wuntry. It 1, fitting therefore chm tlm area of irn csci1tat1on 1s a maior part of thl· re.scareh our put of the dcpanment. Dr. Fehx M1lgrom, Dr. Giuseppe Andrl"s, Dr. Bon Albini, Dr. Ern,c Beumer and Dr. Ikrmn· Noble all :1Tl' 11wol\'ed m 1mmunopathologi{ Tl"'l"ar~h. In addmon, the area of rumor 1mmunolQ£y conunucs to gTO\\ through rhe effons of Dr. C. John Abcyounk He and his students arc in\'l'st1ga11ng rumor-associatl-d unrigcn, m animal models rclaung to human l"llnccrs. So n can be ,Cl'fl the re-.carch acuvnics of rhl" department cxpam.k-d and d1H·rs1fied\\ 11h the b'T'O" th of rhe faculty ond the graduate pro­ gram. The number of scu.•nnficpubltcauon, m• CTl'.lSCdyearly throughout the '60s, 'iO,, and mto the 1io.;, R.,r thl· IIH' yl-ar pcrnxl 1980-IQ&t, an m eragc of ahout 80 Journal aruclcs or hook chaptl't'S and three boob per year \\ere authon:d or l-dited hy member, of dw depart• ml·nt. Rc,l·an:h fund111ghas cont111ued to hl• su,rnmcd e\cn m che face of mcrca mg com• pctmon for 3\'allablc rcwurces. munology, now Thl' Ernest W11chsky Center for Immunology. Dr. Witcbsk\ "as the <enter\ fir,t director. The purpose of the center "as to provide a formal structure ro act as a caraly,t for immunologrcal n"SCar{hand teach mg m the Buffalo medical an<l ,lientilll communitie~. This s1 ter m<titu11011of the Dcpartmenr of :\11crohology 5ponsors a biennial mrcma11onal LOnvocauon on immunology, a h1cn111nlsum­ mer program m 1mmunol\>g1cal methods m re,ear< h nnd diagnosis, a journal calbJ Int C5 1igat1t'C lmnumology, and monthly round-table discussions on 1mmunological toptC'5 hy local and v1~111ngmH'5t1gators. Buffalo ha no" senc<l a the ho t for nmc 1nrcrnational con­ voca11011.~ m immunology, makmg 11one of the world's llll'Cttn~ cemcrs for immunologist,. OH,r the years, the ml-<ltcal teachmg pro­ gram has undergone s1g111ficanrexpansion. \X'nh the mcrea,e m s1:e of the mcd1,al school cla~'<'Sand accompanying, han~e~ 111 1hl· over­ all nll'<l1u1l curriculum, the depart mem, as other•, \\a, challenged to occomph~h more with less ume and sometimes \\1th l~th:m­ adcquatl' n-sour<l'5, In the early 'iOs the total time nllotted for till' ,cccmd•yl·nr cour,e, Med­ ical M1crohiolQ£y and Immunology, \,a, reduced by 33 pl'I" <.cm. In order to provide m• ,trucuon for interested studenrs, two clccu\'e courws, 111 medical micrnhmlogy and 111clini­ cal immunology, were mst1tuted. A~ a rc,ult of the connnumi: process of cumculum reform, the department nO\\ offer~ an honor cour-.e for sc<ond-year students m addiuon 10 the re• quired core cour5l', An ck"<.tl\'eis offernl 111the ,prmg semL'Stereach year 111 Advanced ~fod1cal M1crob1ology and Clm1cal Immunology, 1.:omhmmgthe two l'llrlu:r offering.<,In thl" thrrd year, there arc t\\O popular ~dL'CllH'S,one m Clm1cal Microh10IQ£Y,the other rn T rnp1cal :\1cdicme. The department also prm1dcs in• ,rruct1011 m the School of Dentnl Mcd1cme, prcsen11ng the <L-cond-ycarcour•c, Ad\·anccd Dental M1crob10IQITT. Courses arc also taught R l ccogniuon of the traditional strength of the department m immunology led co the hltshment, 111 1968, 01 the Center for Im• BUFFAID on the undL·rgraduate k·\'cl for students of nurs­ lllg, pharmacy, and ml'(ltcal technology, At the graduate level, ZOcour cs m vanous spcaal1zcd areas arc offerl-d, The Sdmol of Ml·d1une 1s eng,tgcd in a search for a new chamnan of Minohiology. The man or \\Oman who fil-,umcs the po,111011 ",II in hem a m h legacy of academic accom• ph,hmcm .md tradition. The fonrlty of the c.lL·parcml'lltwill pro\'1de the new IL·nderw1rh a firm base of experience and knowledge for the l?;rO\\ththat \\ill t.ikc pla<e in the next era m the life of the dl"Partmcnr. • State undergoes doctors' slowdown N l'\\ York S,.,tc ,md,:r ..111 a maJor do< tors' sl\mJm, n m June and July to protest CXleSSIVCmalpr;ictlle premium< 1h:it rose alm~t 100 per cent m one year. Although It created d1fficul11csm some UB read, • hospital<, 1he sl°"dm, n fortunat<'­ (y had m·Rlig1bleeffells on the tcad,ang func­ tions of thl Medical School, bccau c clas,cs \\ere not m session, reports Vice President for Clinical Affairs John ~aughton. Some dcx tors had hca, 1erworkloads 111trau• ma care an<l in some surgical spcnal11es ,uch as orthopaedics, neurosurgen· and oh,t<'tTI<-'• gynecology, cspt.-ciallyat Erie Count) :\1cd1cal Cc·nrer, Children\ and Millard Fillmore ho<p1• tak Rc,1Jl·nt, at rho,c hospital- al,o ex• pcnence<l he;ivier workload,. Workloads m other hosp11als remamed the <amc or were 50mcwh:it rL'<luced. Hundrl'tls o WNY phys1<ians JOll1edother5 turcwi<lc t,-, l0hby tn ma55e m Alhany. They SU((eed<·d In getting the k-gislaturc to pass a bill chat slmH-<lthe rate of mcrea,<' m prcm1• urns. The ncuon wa< <On<idcred to be n tern· porarY mca urc only, acconlmg to Dr.Anthony Samamaun, (:\1'56),an area leader Ill rhc issue. •[n realuy, we were only huymg ume over the summer," Santamau«, stlltl-<l. A 19,membcr tnsk force of the :\1eJ1cal Society of the Seate of :-,.:C\\ York ha, been mecllnl'.\\\1th Gov. Cuo­ mo\ rcpr,·scntanve simc July. They have pre<ente<l proposals which contain a renewed request for a aip of S250,000on awards for pam and <uffermg m successful malpracuce la" u1rs. Prm1sions for \'oluntnr\ hmdmg arh1trat1on and a taxpayer•suppom•d reserve fund ro p,1y for ~ttlcments exceeding phy<1nan'i. coverage arc abo 111 the proposal, as of this wmmg. • 12/85 �Health Library moves to Abbott T he UB HL>althSciences Library, where stu­ dents, faculty, and researchers have spent literally millions of hours since its inception 138 years ago, has moved to its fifth home. It took three weeks to move its 240,000 volumes and audio-visual materiab to Abbott Hall, located 750 feet to the south of its form­ er home in Kimball Tower. The move was com­ pleted October 7, 1985. Abbott Hall is the original Lockwood Library on the Main Street Campus of the University. The move of the library, anticipated for sever­ al years, increases library space from 38,000to 60,000 square feet. lt is the second move for the HSL in recent years. Prior co moving to Kimball Tower in 1974,it was located in Farb­ er Hall. Noting that UB's HSL is one of the cop med­ ical/health related libraries in the U.S., its direc­ tor, C.K. Huang, says that the newly increased space puts 1cin the top 20 of similar libraries located at 132 medical schools nationally. "There are others which have more space, but certainly few which equal ours in quality and function; Huang says proudly. The Healrh Sciences Library has come a long way from its beginning in 1847 when it start­ ed with 519 volumes purchased at a cost of $829.96,a year after opening of the UB Depart· ment of Medicine at Washington and Seneca Streets. Instrumental in early development of the fa. cility was James Platt White, M.O., who was a member of the founding faculty of the School of Medicine, a professor of obstetrics and dis­ eases of women and children, and a library committee of one. In 1881,a bequest from White added 1,070 volumes to the library, which by then had moved to Main and Virginia Streets. In 1891, a bequest from George N. Burwell, M.O., a prominent Buffalo physician allowed the ad­ dition of another 1,000 volumes. The lace Roswell Park, M.0., provided 3,000 others. Early interest and support of the library prompted che famous Flexner Report on Med­ ical Education in the U.S. and Canada issued in 1910to note that at UB there "is a small museum and a good library of 8,000 volumes, current German and English periodica ls with a librarian in charge." In 1953,when the Schools of Medicine and Dentistry moved to the former Capen Hall 12/85 (now Farber) on the Main Srreet Campus, the library became the Medica l-Dental Library. In 1961, it was renamed the Health Sciences Library and incorporated into the University Libraries. The new facility in Abbott Hall will feature the History of Medicine Collection and a Me­ dia Resources Center in its basement; services and reference on the first floor; bound period­ icals and the main reading room on the second, and books on the third. Moving the books and other materials was planned so char entire sections of shelves could be transferred intact to designated areas at Abbott. "Obviously, we couldn't just pack up the books in boxes and move them. Can you im­ agine how long it would take us to gee them back in the proper order?" Huang laughs. • Baier appointed director of HIDI R obert E. Baier, Ph.D., P.E., an internationally-known biomedical en­ gineer-scientist, has been appointed Robert F RmP.- BUFFAID c ~::::::ic:r LJ:.£-,. ..- director of the Health-ca re Instruments and Devices Institute (HIDI) at UB. HlDI, an advanced technology center, was funded initially in 1984to develop and evalu­ ate health instruments and devices in cooper­ ation wich industry. While more than $500,000 in industry-related research has resulted since HIDl's ince"ption, efforts will be intensified to meet the full opportunities available through­ out Western New York and elsewhere, Univer­ sity spokespersons say. O riginal funding and subsequent marching funds for HIDI were provided through the New York Department of Commerce's Science and Technology Foun­ dation. "Dr. Baier's credentials and past experience in the fields of engineering as well as surface chemistry will provide renewed impetus in fostering a relationship between local and University scientists and industry which can result in improvements in the Western New York economy," says President Steven Sample. Baier, a registered professional chemical en­ gineer and a nationally certified environmen­ tal engineer, holds eighc patents and is founder of Baier, Inc., a start-up company located at the Western New York Technological Development Center at 2211 Main St., Other investors, ac­ cording to Baier, are assuming control of that company as he takes directorship of HlDI. A faculty member in Biophysical Sciences (Medical School) and Oral Pathology (Dental School) since I970, Baier was a staff scientist at Arvin/Calspan Advanced Technology Center prior co joining UB full-time. His achievements, which in 1983earned him che prestigious Clemson Award from the So­ ciety of Biomaterials, include work on the in­ terior surface of the artificial human heart and development of umbilical cord vein grafts. His research on determining properties of the sur­ face skin of dolphins, conducted at the Aquar­ ium of Niagara Falls, were featured last fall on NBC's "Today" program. With more than 200 research publications to his credit, including journal articles, books, text chapters and audio cassettes, Baier has also served on the editorial board of the Journalof BiPmedicalMaterialsResearchfor more than a decade. He has been a consultant for American Cyanamid, Meadox Medicals, Cordis Corp ., Baxter Travcnol, Science Applications, W.L. Gore, Davis & Geck, and Astronics Inc., com­ panies which represent a wide range of interests from artificial human organs to polymers. • �STUDENTS STUDY IDOKS AT WHY STUDENTS CHANGE FIELDS I t has frequently been observed chat the career a medical scudent chooses to enter after graduation is often different from the field of specialization he or she had intended to pursue when beginning medical school. With the issue of possible physician oversup• ply gaining increased attention, interest has been growing in understanding why certain students choose particular fields of specializa­ tion. Dr. Frank Schimpfhauscr, Ph.D., Dr. Ran• dolph Sarnacki, Ph.D., and Dr. Leonard Katz, M.0., of the UB School of Medicine have con­ ducted a study to better understand this choice process (Journal of Medical Educacion,April 1984,p. 285-290). Previous scudies elsewhere have dealt with the students' career selections, focusing on a variety of characteristics such as personality, age, value systems, and demographics. Schimpf­ hauser and his co-researchers approached the question from a different angle. "Our study dealt primarily with 'negative factors' involved in the choice process; explains Schimpfhaus• er. "We looked into reasons students move away from certain fields. A student may start medi­ cal school intending co go into family medicine, for example, only to decide he doesn't like this area. There appeared to be negative faccors that cause students to reject their initial choices. This is mainly what we were interested in." The study was based on retrospective career choice questionnaires filled out by 98 students from the 1982graduating medical :school class at UB, in which students were asked co pin­ point exactly when in their medical curricu­ lum changes in choices occurred. The questionnaire revealed that 50per cent of th(.-se students changed career preference prior co graduation. Says Schimpfhauser, "We wanted to determine to what extent a student rejects an initial preference because of negative factors encountered in that field as well as because of the usual attractive features of a new choice." The questionnaire completed by the students included three items: the area of medicine ul­ timately selected for practice; che point in the four-year undergraduate medical curriculum at which the career choice was made; and, if a change in career selection occurred, when and why it occurred. Schimpfhauser, Sarnacki, and Katz then undertook to classify data gathered from student responses. They first established nine basic career categories: internal medicine; pediatrics; ob­ stetrics/gynecology; psychiatry; family practice; BY CATHERINE KUNZ surgery; surgical specialties (emergenc..y medi­ cine, neurosurgery, ophthalmology ::md or• thopaedic surgery, for example), medical specialties (dermatology, neurology, preventive medicine, etc.); and hospital-based specialties (anesthesiology, pathology, and radiology). Open-ended responses ro the question regarding reasons for change m specialization were classified according co the general content factor being expressed and to whether it wa, an attracting or repelling factor. Schimpfhaus­ er and his co-researchers sorced the respon,es by what determined the choice-personal fac­ tors, curriculum influences, future career con­ cerns, the influence of other,, extra-curricular influences, and philosophical or psychological reasons. Each of these categories had both a negative and positive c:omplemcnr. A student, for example, who cited "opportunity for fami­ ly life" as a factor which led to the choice of anesthC5iology as a career would be cact.-gorize<l as expressing a "personal" fauor leading to a positive attracnon for anesthesiology. The sys­ tem of categorization alro included general "like" and "dislike" categories for factors not covered in any of the other categories. A nalysis of the responses revealed rhat of chose students who changed career prefer­ ences, 84 per cent did so because of negative reasons relating to the initial choice, while only 16per cent did so because of a positive aspect of another field. Schimpfhauser and his associ­ ates compared the method by which students decide on a discipline to that by which a scien­ tific hypothesis is generated and tested. "lnitally a choice is made, similar to any hypothesis. The choice is then presumed to be tested by ex­ perience, the acquisition of new information, and the evaluation of any nC\\ data regarding the choice. If chc choice is found to be want­ ing, it is rejected and a new hypochcsb is then generated." Factors chat contribute to thts process can be seen in some of the responses given by the students in Schimpfhauser's study. They com­ mented on a wide variety of influences rang­ ing from contact with people within their chosen field to practical considerations relat­ ing to the various careers. Perhaps the most basic factor considered by students is the character of the field it5elf. Some BUFFAID J R PH '!. I t_ ~ students, for example, were attracted by the var­ iety in family medicine. The discipline offers wide opportunities for placement, ~ome said. It offers an opportunity to treat the "whole" per­ son and involves the practice and knowledge of many kinds of medical fields and an inter­ auion with many levels and kinds of ailments. For others, however, this variety was cited as a negative faccor which caused them to aban­ don the field. Quite a few students did not feel themselves competent enough in different areas to be good family practinoners. Students who enJoy working with their hands and with different kinds of machinery were attracted to surgery and the surgical specialties. The "active" nature of these dis­ ciplines drew them from more intcllcctually­ pcrce1ved fields involving chiefly diagnosis. They appreciated the opportunity co work directly co improve a patient's condition. Said one srudcnr, "There's a feeling chat you arc making people better in surgery." Radiology, on the ocher hand, attracted those students who appreciate primarily intellectual activity. "Radiology seems like fun," said one student. "It's like visual puzzles. To me, this specialty is more cerebral than physical. I find the ward work and clinics of other fields rather boring. There is less management and more thinking m radiology." I n changing career choices students also rook into account the nature of the patients en­ countered in the practice of a field. "I changed my mind from intern;il medicine to surgery at the end of my third year, just after finishing 12weeks of medicine; rcmemhers one student. "I found medicine frumating because of the many chronic problems you have to deal with. It also seemed as if most of the patients were well advanced in years. The rounds every day seemed endless at times." "I could see a lot of fru,rrarion in future ye;irs dealing with chronic illnesses and poor patient compliance," agreed another student who switched into surgery from internal medicine. On the ocher hand, patient condition was a positive factor for some students who ultimate• ly chose family medicine, pediatrics, and ob­ stetrics/gynecology. Some mentioned that one positive aspect of these fields is chat their con­ tact is usually with generally healthy people. klealism and philosophical motives entered into the choice process of some students. Sever­ al entered certain specialties in order to serve 12/85 �STUDENTS specific segments of the population. Love of children and a wish to help them led to some careers in pediatrics, while rhc desire to upgrade the health of women led ochers ro rhe fields of gynecology and obstetrics. The wish to help a particular group led ro the choice of other careers as well. One black student, for exam­ ple, responded, "As a black member of society, I wanted to choose a division of medicine in which I could be of particular service. I found there were very few black dermatologists; black patients prefer a black dermatologist. The der­ matological problems in different populations often require different or modified treatment from another population, requiring special knowledge or skill." More practical concerns played a part in rhe choice of career as well. "How docs one lead a family life when involved in family medicine?" asked one student realistically. Indeed, the desire for more stable work hours often led stu­ dents away from such disciplines as family medicine and obstetrics and into hospital-based and surgical specialties. "The hours are hard to bear; commented one anesthesiology student. Said a radiology student, "Radiology affords one a more 'normal' lifestyle. I have other in­ terests which I wish to pursue and I should be able to do so as a radiologist." One of the stronger factors influencing stu­ dent career changes, however, was the nature of the contact that the students had with professionals within their chosen field. The in­ formation that students gave in this area is im­ portant because rhese are rhe factors that professionals within a discipline can have the greatest effect on. Schimpfhauser found that faculty members provided positive influences if they presented interesting courses, acted in a way that students perceived as professional and displayed concern for patients. Students also reacted both positively and negatively to professionals and institutions in various fields that they came into contact with. M any students who chose pediatrics, tor example, cited the positive influence that their experiences with Buffalds Children's Hospital had on their career choices. Said one student, "I found pediatrics to stand alone in meeting my concept of medicine. The excellent pediatric care that Buffalo offers no doubt in­ fluenced me greatly. It was finally possible for me co be a humanitarian, a scientist, and a pa­ tient advocate all at one rime. If I had trained 12/85 elsewhere, I might nor have made the same choice." "I'm sure glad I came to SUNY/Buffalo for medical school; said another. "The availabili­ ty of a Children's Hospital has given me excel­ lent training in pediatrics." Sometimes, however, the image put forth by professionals within a field had a negative ef. feet on a student originally interested in that field. "I eliminated family medicine early on be­ cause of our family medicine course," said one student. "It portrayed family medicine doctors as bumbling, ignorant, and our of touch with medicine. Other medical fields also put down the family practitioner so much that it appeared that no one thought he or she was worth anything." One student in internal medicine noted that rhe professionals encountered in the third year of medical school seem to have an especially strong effect on a student's decision. "From dis­ cussion of this topic with friends, as well as from my own experiences; rhe student explained, "the decision is strongly influenced by the degree of alienation one feels during third year rotations; i.e., I was alienated by many mem• bers of rhe surgical faculty and some r~idents. Personality problems shouldn't play a role ideal­ ly, but in fact, they do." While Schimpfhauser found certain dis• ciplines, notably psychiatry, to be quite stable, retaining most of the students who chose it originally, he found that other fields both lost and gained students. Certain disciplines, however, were consistently on the losing end. In 38 per cent of the changes, for example, the discipline rejected was family medicine. While rhis field was a common early choice for stu­ dents entering medical school, 76 per cent of these students rejected chat initial choice and selected another specialty. The field attracted only one student who hadn't selected it as an initial choice. By contrast, most of the students who ulti­ mately chose internal medicine, surgery, surgi­ cal specialties, and medical specialties had initially selected a different field. Internal medi­ cine, for example, received 48 per cent of its students by conversion from another specialty. Schimpfhauser and his associates maintain that for medical educators and those concerned with student career selection, understanding the process of change in career choice may pro­ vide a basis for strategies co influence or sup­ port career decisions. If there is a desire to increase the proportion of students entering fa. BUFFALO jPHvS1¢1AN) I cho e ml rna med1 me mo ti be ause an 111tegrat1Le approa<.h m manag, It fosters KATRINA GUEST Iv r 1ect d a µ ialt m n,rgery be au of th year~ of trammg and the In I th e I, r l an and han• ec1fic t P ts STUARf LfRNl:.R Mcd1cmc f1uts uc:/1 111phas1s cutel 111 mt! t e ,. ts lotv d e • mily medicine, for example, recruitment efforts would likely be most profitable if directed ro the group of students initially expressing a preference for char field with carefully designed followup and retention efforts. Schimpfhauser and Sarnacki both propose ways that disciplines like family medicine which consistently lose students may attempt to re­ tain them. Says Sarnacki, "It is possible that �2., STUDEN TS D BORAH RI( HTER l hat d c1ded p , h11.1tr, th go mto l health elopmg nd be• an gne '- n to the ,t:ho most JAMES S( HAUGHN ESSY l 't clecHlecl a am t fam1h prav b <.<lttse its 11/Lt, le leave vou t o lutl fam1h and p r nal time, u h1le allous Pnchiatn pnor1t, on fam1h l1f l al o like Ps:>• ch1atn because It 1s P<lt1tnt or1~•11ted, 011 g t to sp nd a lot f tune u 1th ,our ti .. those fields in a position to lose students might be able to provide newer and more exciting ex­ periences which would cause students to main• tain interest." Schimpfhauser agrees. "It may be chat con• tinuing and early contact might gee students more involved and interested in their chosen specialty. The faculty should keep in contact with students and discuss with chem their feel- ings about the field. They should cry to pro­ vide positive exposure to the field and try to keep up a positive relationship with their students. "This was a study that we felt was really im­ portant to do; Schimpfhauser concludes. "We've always asked students to tell us when they changed fields-we've never formally asked them why-very few medical schools do. I think the study pointed out to faculty that the im• age they present influences student choices. The study of student responses helped us con• firm what was felt already but also explained some of the reasons behind the choice process. I think it has brought us to a better understand­ ing of this important process." • Class of 1989: 83 men, 5 2 women, 20 minorities BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER T he statistical profile of the I39th fresh­ man class of medical students is now in. As in the lase several years, the proportion of women and minorities remains consistently high. According to the Medical Admissions Office, the Class of 1989 is comprised of 83 men and 52 women (one less than last year). The 20 minorities include II Blacks, seven Puerto Ri­ cans, one Native American, and one Mexican American. In addition to the 135 medical Stu• dents, four more are in the M.0./Ph.D. program. Down from last year, 68 originate from Western New York. Seven hail from other parts of upstate, 51 from downstate, and nine are from other states (the last two represent an in­ crease over last year). As with lase year, biology, chemistry, and bi­ ochemistry undergraduate majors dominated. However, 25 per cent have non-science and non-health-related degrees. This conforms to the recent GPEP report's recommendations to recruit students with broader, more liberal edu­ cations. Some of the more unusual undergradu­ ate majors include sonography, ceramic engineering, music, African studies, business, economics, math, political science and foreign language. Four of the new students have a Ph.D., one has a D.D.S., and 14 have master's degrees (same as last year). BUFFAID ! P HVS 1¢I AN I Med freshmen at orientation. Mean MCAT scores average 9.35 for all categories (9.48 last year); undergraduate science GPA averaged 3.35 (3.37 last year). • Tobak wins prize for PMI project T hird-year ml!dical student Mark Tobak was recognized last spring for his Pa­ tient Medication Information sheet (PM!), which was selected as the choice of the AMA Division of Drugs for the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics' PM! Award. PMl's help physicians do a better job improv• ing patient compliance with a prescribed regi­ men. In a second year course, students learn how to write PMI's in order to improve their ability to communicate effectivelywith patients. They are challenged to write a PM! as an elec­ tive exercise and for judging in competition. • 12/85 �26 HOSPITAL NEWS Wright settles-in at Roswell Park BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER 0 ne of the country's major cancer research centers, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, received new leadership last summer when UB's John R. Wright was unexpectedly appointed as new in­ terim director. As chairman of UB's Depart­ ment of Pathology with 50 faculty and staff, he will now also oversee operations of an in­ stitution employing 2,500 physicians, research­ ers, and other support staff. Dr. Wright was chosen to succeed Dr. Ger­ ald Murphy, who abrupcly resigned after serv­ ing as director of the institute for 15years. Dr. Murphy will now devote his efforts to full-time research in the newly created position of direc­ tor of oncological research programs in urolo­ gy at UB. Dr. Wright will remain chairman of the UB Medical School's Department of Pathology. He will continue his teaching duties, will oversee faculty development and promotions, and direct the organization overseeing residency programs and other activities. To assist him and to conduct the day-to-day operarions of the department, Reid Heffner, M.D., professor of pathology, will serve as associate chairman. While he serves an interim Institute director until August 1986, Dr. Wright has taken a leave of absence from his other role as head of Buffalo General Hospital's Department of Pathology. Dr. Wright is currently conducting a thorough evaluation and review of all of Roswell Park's resources and programs. His goal is to assure that its considerable resources fit into an overall long-range plan for continued quality research, patient care, and education. Presbyterian Health Resources, Inc., based in New York City, has been contracted by the State to provide management expertise and to develop a short• and long-range plan for the Institute. Wright is working closely with them in chis planning process. Another one of his primary goals is co stabi­ lize the institution and its day-co-dayoperations during this transition period. He wants to strengthen and improve the clinical services and co evaluate the feasibility of developing new clinical facilities and improving the salary schedule for clinical staff. The search process for a permanent director is expected co be completed in summer 1986. 12/85 Wright will play an active role in this process. Of particular importance to the University, he "will explore ways that the institute and UB can interface on a more active level." He be­ lieves that both will benefit from a closer rela­ tionship. Roswell Park is already part of the UB Medical School's teaching hospitals system. "l would like to increase the interchange be­ tween the two institutions among the gradu­ ate programs," he comments. Roswell Park has a large post-graduate and doctoral program operated by the Roswell Park Graduate Divi­ sion of UB. All institute scientists in this divi­ sion are UB research faculty members as well. T wo ocher areas where Dr. Wright plans co strengthen Roswell Park/UB ties arc in faculty recruitment and residency programs for physicians. He would like University department chair­ men and departments to have greater input in recruitment for new institute academic staff, particularly in the clinical areas. A large propor­ tion of the institute's clinicians also have faculty appointments with UB's School of Medicine. "ln particular, I would like to develop residen• cy programs (for physicians-in-training) at Roswell that would be part of UB's system of residency programs; he explains, adding that "this would also apply to post-graduate train­ ing programs." Dr. Wright earned his M.D. from the Univer­ sity of Manitoba in 1959. He completed his residency in pathology with UB's program at Buffalo General Hospital in 1964. Following a Buswell fi!llowship at UB, he was on the faculty of Johns Hopkins University Medical School until 1974, when he returned here co chair the Pathology Department. Among his recognitions, he has been select­ ed by medical school classes for nine reaching awards or citations. Dr. Wright's involvement in the field of on­ cology began before he was assistant professor of oncology at Johns Hopkins. He has pub­ lished a dozen or so articles on oncology. He is currently principal investigator for a $254,000 cancer education grant. He has served as consultant to Roswell Park's clinical staff since 1975 and has been on their Board of Visitors since 1981. Shortly after Dr. Wright was appointed, the N.Y. Seate Department of Health appointed Andrew A. Gage, M.D., as associate institute director for clinical affairs and Verne Chap­ man, Ph.D. as new associate director for scien­ tific affairs. Dr. Gage, a UB professor of surgery, has been the chief of staff of Veterans Adminis­ tration Medical Center since 1971. The UB Medical School graduate was one of the de­ velopers of the world's first successful implant­ able cardiac pacemaker in 1960, and played a central role with Buffalds first heart transplant in 1984.The award winning surgeon is current­ ly state governor for the American College of Surgeons. Dr. Chapman has been a cancer research scientist at Roswell Park since 1972 and chair­ man of their Molecular Biology Department since 1982. Also an associate research professor of biol­ ogy at UB, he is a former chairman o( the Roswell Park Association of Scientists. High Street move culminates merger F or two of Western Nt:w York's oldest health care institutions, the final trans­ fer of acute care services to the new Deaconess Tower, 100 High Street, represents a rich heritage of caring and the culmination of one of the state's largest hospital mergers, begun nearly a decade ago. Merger talks between the Buffalo General Hospira! and the Deaconess Hospital of Buffalo were initiated in 1976 and resulted in the for­ mal merger of the two hospitals three years later 0anuary 1979). Today, all acute care services are concentrated at the High Street site with the Family Medicine Center, Family Planning Center, Skilled Nursing Facility and the Im­ mediate Treatment Center housed at Dea­ coness. A s Deaconess embarks on a new era of serv­ ice to the community, it is also celebrat­ ing 90 years of service as a health care provider in Western New York. The Deaconess spirit of "friendly care" was founded nearly a century ago when the Reverend Carl L. Shild, pastor of the old St. Stephen'~ Evangelical and Reformed Church, returned from Europe with a program for improved care of the sick which he had observed while at Kaiserwerth-on-the­ Rhine, Germany. There, special nursing edu- r �2 HOSPITAL NEWS > cation was offered to German Deaconesses, an old world order of women dedicated to the sick and poor of the church . A group of pastors representing several German churches in Buffa­ lo, spearheaded by Rev. Shild, formed the Dea­ coness Society of Buffalo in 1895 with the ultimate goal of establishing a hospital. A build­ ing was rented at 27 Goodrich Street, and on November 14, 1895, the first patient was ad­ mitted co the German Deaconess Hospital of Buffalo. The hospital's mission was founded on Chris­ tian charity, "to help the suffering and mankind." Within a year, the Deaconess out• grew its facilities and moved to a site on Kings­ ley Street. The new hospital complex, dedicated on November 21, 1896, consisted of three di­ visions including a home for the Deaconesses, the east wing for the sick and the west wing as a home for the aged. Each division could accommodate about 40 persons. Fifteen years later, the hospital underwent another expan­ sion with a new building on Riley Street. The home for the aged was discontinued and the original building was converted to a residence for nursing students. During World War II, the upsurge in patients led Deaconess officials to borrow government funds in order co increase the hospital's bed complement from 197 co 337. The most recent major bui lding project was completed in 1961 with the dedication of a new $4.5 million hospi• tal facility on Humboldt Parkway. r "Rooming- In" at D ea con ess, 1910. First ambulan ce, 1900 . In addition to the spirit of its people and mis­ sion, the hisrory of the Deaconess Hospital has been characterized by its growth. From a small rented house on Goodrich Street with strong religious ties, to a major non-sectarian teach­ ing hospital and now, as an integral part of a multifaceted health care system, the Deaconess vision has been realized by a shared commit­ ment to excellence in health care. A n important part of the Deaconess heritage is rooted in specialty care and educational programs. The two most ac­ knowledged examples are the Wettlaufer Eye Clinic and the Fnmily Medicine Program. The former Buffalo Eye and Ear l:nfirmary chartered in 1876 and later renamed the Wett­ laufer Eye Clinic, merged with Deaconess Hospital in 1959. Renowned for quality serv• ice, the clinic also served as a prestigious train­ ing center for ophthalmology residents. In 1969, the Hospital's role in developing con­ temporary family practice physicians took shape with the first university affiliated residency pro­ gram for family practitioners in Western New York. Currently located in the Deaconess Di­ vision, the program provides comprehensive fa. mily oriented care to over 11,000patients each year and serves as rhe primary training center for an average of 30 family medicine residents annually. Education and training programs were also offered in general surgery, obstetrics a:nd gyne­ cology, pathology, radiology, urology, orolaryn­ gology, and colon and rectal surgery. The Deaconess Hospital School of Nursing, estab­ lished at the turn of the century, trained hundreds of registered nurses before it closed in 1973. Its educational focus intact, the Deaconess prided itself on being a community hospital, serving the peop le of Buffalo and drawing the greatest percentage of patients from its sur­ rounding neighborhoods. Among its primary services, obstetrics and gynecology was tradi­ tionally one of the hospital's busiest and most progressive. The Deaconess maternity service, which has recently moved to its new home on the eighth floor of the Deaconess Tower, is recognized throughout Western New York for BUFFAID [PHVSl¢1ANI its family-cente red approach to child birth. Deaconess was one of the first hospitals to al­ low fathers to actively participate in the birth­ ing process, and later, to employ a nurse midwife and allow siblings to be present for the birth. Now, the maternal/child program offers care for high risk pregnancies and teenage preg­ nancies through its outpatient and inparient services. A s it enters a new era the role of the Dea­ coness as a community-oriented health care institution continues with a 200-bed skilled nursing facility committed to the comprehen­ sive care of its elderly residents. And in the area of education, the Deaconess skilled nursing fa. ciliry provides a unique learning experience in geriatric care for students through its ties with UB. The people of Deaconess, many of whom arc now located on the new Buffalo General cam­ pus , share a legacy once described by the lace Bruce J.Bausr, administrator of Deaconess from 1970 to 1977:"... a feeling of friendliness and concern for all permeates its walls and reaches our to engulf the sick, the poor, rhe troubled and the friendless." The spim of Deaconess lives on - in a new setting, with a new mission. (from BGHs .Jufy 1985 'Pulsebeot") Sisters opens new PT/OT wing I n March, 1985, Sisters Hospital's new Phys• ical and Occupational Therapy wing opened. It is believed to be the largest of its kind in Western New York, according to hospital spokesmen. In addition, plans have been finalized for construction of the new Emergency Depart• ment at Sisters to open in spring of 1986. Sr. Eileen, president of the hospital, said the State Health Department has approved renovation of the current facility and expansion by approx• imatcly 1,600 square feec. Construction of the new department is ex­ pected to cost $750,000. "We arc very excited about this project," Sr. Eileen said. "The Emer­ gency Department is a critical part of the hospi­ tal's health care services and we have been considering updating for several years." The project will involve expanding the Emer­ gency Department into part of the driveway area cur rently used by ambulances. • 12/85 �!8 PEOPLE Dr. Lewis Flint heads Surgery BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER "The surgeon is a bridge-tender in medical research. We assess the accom­ plishments of the basic science community and chen bring those chat are appropri'<!teto surgi­ cal practice across into the clinical arena." These words by Lewis Flint, M.D., new department chairman, suggest the approach he will cake as he leads the UB Department of Sur­ gery into a new era. The former professor of surgery at the University of Louisville School of Medicine and chief of surgery at Humana Hospital/University is respected nationally as an authority on trauma and general surgery. He will apply his expertise to the Medical School that his distant ancestor, Dr. Austin Flint, Sr. served so famously. The earlier Dr. Flint, UB's first professor of clinical medicine, registrar and treasurer of the Medical School, was known as "the American Laennec" because he popularized the use of stethoscopes in this country. "I was impressed by che overall strength of the University and by the tradition of the depart­ ment; Dr. Flint remarked about what motivat­ ed him to come to Buffalo. Then he added, "I was very attracted co the city and the University." Besides che Flint family connections, "there are other interesting similarities between Louis­ ville, Buffalo, and their two universities; he re­ lates. "Boch cities are dominated by heavy industry and both were hurt by the recent recessions. Both universities have very long his­ tories with medicine as the earliest components of their institutions; both started as private schools, then became state institutions." In contrast to UB, the Duke University med­ ical alumnus points our, Louisville has a strong tradition of for-profit institutions (even the university hospital is for-profit). "Humana has enormous access to capital and is willing to fund a project if they like it. At UB, we don't have such a relationship to large sources of cap­ ital; in addition, the restrictions placed upon the University by the state bureaucracy limit flexibility." Furthermore, "while UB is much stronger in its basic research (compared to Louisville/Hu­ mana), it is interesting that the University of Louisville's Department of Surgery is its most 12/85 research-oriented department, more so than UB's surgery department; Dr. Flint explains. These differences form the basis of two of Dr. Flint's primary goals for his department. He would like to further strengthen the basic and clinical research in surgery "to form a solid group of surgical scholars .... Surgeons as a group are traditionally one of the most under­ funded groups chat apply to NIH." Then he adds, "And, as with any university, I'd like to develop a well-endowed research program." His ultimate goal is ro produce a surgery depart­ ment of national stature. Lewi! Flmt Dr. Flint emphasizes that "to be a good clin­ ical surgeon you have to be well versed in research, and to be a good surgical researcher, you must be involved in the clinical arena." He plans, too, to expand his department's clinical role in the community. "I'd like to ex­ pand our faculty to provide more well-defined services. We are currently too small to meet all areas such as Veterans Hospital's needs or the need for a stronger plastic surgery program. I would like our department to be recognized in the community as a clinical resource; he com­ ments. He would also like to expand the rela­ tionship with Roswell Park Memorial Institute BUFFAID 1PHvSt¢1Affj so that each insrirurion can contribute its strengths to rhc ocher. Flint sees his department in a position to con­ tribute to cohesiveness among all the teaching hospitals' surgery departments. "What we should recognize is that our goals overlap and many times are the same, based on the mutu­ al recognition that each has a stake in quality. In working coward strengthening each of our departments, we should realize we don't have goals in conflict, we have goals in common. In addition we each benefit from the University's network of informal education that would be more expensive for each hospital to do on its own." In the educational arena, Dr. Flint secs his department as embarking on a new era. "We arc in the midst of combining our graduate edu­ cation programs into one program in surgery. Currently, there arc two, one at Buffalo General and one at Eric County Medical Center. I would like to eliminate this duplication of ef­ fort, with two recruitment programs and inter­ view procedures, and change it so that they complement each other." Dr. Flint considers the training of future sur­ g<.'Onsto be essential to improving the quality of education in surgery. "To be a good surgeon­ educaror, you must be well-versed in all three arenas of education, clinical practice, and research." He stresses that surgery professors should serve as role models, especially as physicians who arc not afraid to get close to their patients. He also feels that the surgeon should serve as educator to his or her patients (in teaching them ro care for themselves) and also to the ocher health professionals. "One definite goal is co develop programs to facilitate the entry of minority surgeons into academic surgery. Minority students have few role models in surgery." Put simply, Dr. Flint's educational goal is co create an educational atmosphere so chat our medical students "leave proud of UB" and so that "they recognize that Buffalo is one of the best places co go to learn to be a surgeon." In the area of his personal research, Dr. Flint has published almost 60 publications and IO book chapters, much of the work focusing on control mechanisms in microcirculacion, in­ cluding the response co hypovolemic shock. He currently has applied for funding to investigate pharmacological effects of Naloxone and ocher drugs on shock, as well as microcirculacion con­ trol in diabetic animals. He plans also to establish prospective trials �PEOPLE directed toward cost issues such as devising methodologies that can shorten hospital stays. Studying post-traumatic metabolism in patients (wit h Dr. John Border) is another future project. Before coming to the University of Louisville in 1975,the Georgia native completed residen­ cies at both Duke Hospital and the Medica l University of South Carolina and was a Fel­ low in trauma surgery at University of Texas Southwestern Medica l School. The AOA member is the immediate past president of che Society of University Surgeons, currently that society's representative to the American Board of Surgery, and chairman of the publications subcommittee of the Ameri­ can College of Surgeons' trauma panel. Besides membership in numerous societies, he is associate editor of Current Conceptsin Trau­ ma Care and on the editorial board of Surgery and Hean and Lung. • Dr. Norma Calde ron Panahon, clinical as­ sistant professor of psychiatry, was elected the new president of the Philippine Psychiatrists in America during the organization's annua l meet­ ing in Dallas, Texas. A graduate of the University of the Philip­ pines, Or. Panahon is a board certified psy­ chiatrist in full-time practice in Buffalo. She was appointed by the president of the American Psychiatric Association to a four-year term as a member of the National Committee for Asian A merican Psychiatrists and has also chaired the Women's Committee of the District Branch of the W.N.Y. Psychiatric Society for five years. She is current program chairperson for the Western New York Psychiatric Society. Or. Panahon is married co Dr. Alvin Pana­ hon, also a clinical assistant professor of psv­ chiacry at UB. He is director of radiation therapy at Niagara Falls Memorial Hospital and associate chief at the Radiation Department of the Roswell Park Memoria l Institute. Of note, Dr. Panahon is the daughter of Jose 0. Calderon, former cabinet member under Philippines President Picodado Macapagal. Jose Calderon is now a prominent opposition leader-in-exilewith temporary residence in New Jersey. • Dr. Heinz Kohl er, research professor of microbiology and director of che Department of Molecular Immuno logy at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, has been recognized for his research by being selected to be on the cover of the August 1985 issue of ScienceDigescmaga­ zine. Th<>fr·:nure story described Kohler's and five others' work in trying to combat cancer by developing new approaches. As described in the February 1985 issue of Buffalo Physician, Kohler recently perfected a technique by which vaccines against cancer in mice could be deve­ loped using monoclonal antibodies. Science Digest described Kohler's work alongside that of researchers from Yale, the National Cancer Institute, Harvard, and the University of Chicago. • Dr. Pearay L. Ogra was recently presented with che Kalhana Award for outstanding con­ tribution in science by the Kashmir (India) Education, Culture and Science Society. Or. Ogra is professor of pediatrics and microbiolo­ gy at UB and also the director of the Division of Infectious Diseases at both UB and Chil­ dren's Hospital. A native of India, he was presented with the award by Fail Singh, presi­ dent of India. Examples of Or. Ogra's scientific contribu­ tions include his research on the highly benefi­ cial role of breast feeding in effectively protecting infants against infections of the in­ testine and respiratory tract. Or. Ogra also dis­ covered that certain viruses may produce allergy and asthma similar to chat caused by pollen and food. With a colleague, he has shown how malnutrition can result in severe diarrhea by affecting the way virus infections develop in the intestine. In addition to his research, Dr . Ogra is a trustee of the International Pediatric Research BUFFAID IPHVS1¢1ANI Foundation, senior edicor of PediatricResearch, and editor-in-chief of the InternacionalJournal of Microbiology(U.S. region). • Dr. T heodor e Putnam was selected by the Buffalo Pediatric Society as che 1984Pediatri­ cian Of The Year for his excellence in commu­ nity service and contributions to Children's Hospital. Or. Putnam, clinical assistant professor of pediatrics at Children's, joined UB's faculty in 1967as a resident, and became an active mem­ • ber of Children's medical staff in 1970. Dr. Datta Wagla, clinical assistant professor of urology and director of urology and hemodi­ alysis at St. Joseph !ntercommunity Hospital in Cheektowaga, has been elected president of the hospital's medical staff. • (l D r. Sebast ian C ianci o, clinical professor of pharmacology and therapeutics and professor and chairman of the School of Dental Medi­ cine's Department of Periodontics, has been elected to a five-year term on the U.S. Phar­ macopeia Committee of Revision, which is responsible for ensuring the accuracy and ade­ quacy of the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary. He has also been named editor of the new monthly denta l newsletter which will focus on medications involved in the health and well­ being of dental patients. "Biological Therapies in Dentistry" will keep dental professionals abreast of implications of using medications. • 12/85 �PEOPLE Dr. Margaret MacGilli vray and Dr. Mary Voorh ess, professors of pediatrics at UB and co-directors of pediatric endocrinology at Chil­ dren's Hospital, are co-researchers of a three• year, $107,500 grant from the National lnsti• rute of Health and Human Development. With Richard Clopper, a psychologist at Children's, the grant will be used to study the behavioral and physiological effects of two types of hor• mone treatment for teenage males with hor• monal deficiencies. This study provides the first prospective comparisons of the effectiveness of the two treatments as well as basic data on the interrelationships between hormones and be­ havior during puberty. • Dr. Laurence M. Sherman, clinical instruc­ n Dr. Patrick J. Crcaven, associate research professor of pharmacology, received a $776,650 grant from the National Cancer Institute to conduct studies in clinical biological pharma• cology. • Dr. Glen E. Gresham , professor and chair­ man of the Department of Rehabilitation Medi­ cine, has recently been appointed to the Public Education and Community Program Commit­ tee of the American Heart Association. Dr. Gresham is also chairman of the Heart Associ­ ation's subcommittee on stroke. • y Voorhess tor of surgery, has been appointed medical director of Hospice Buffalo, Inc. He has served as the Hospice home care physician for the past five years and maintains a surgical practice with offices in Snyder and Kenmore. • Dr. Joseph Anain, clinical assistant profes­ sor of oto laryngology, has been elected medi­ cal staff president of Sisters Hospital. Elected co other offices were Dr. Bertram Portin, clinical professor of surgery, new presidenc-elcct; Dr. Nelson Torre, clinical associate professor of medicine, new secretary; and Dr. Art hur Schaefe r ('4 7), clinical associate professor of ophtha lmology, new treasurer. • Dr. Michael Apicella, professor of medicine and head of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Erie County Medical Center, was appoint• ed chai rman of the Infectious Diseases Stu d y Section at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. • Dr. Leonard Katz, professor of medicine, and Dr. Joseph Zizzi (M'58), clinical associate professor of medicine, were elected to the board of directors of the Coordinated Care Manage­ ment Corporation, a United Way Agency which oversees long-term care for the elderly of Erie County. • Dr. Murray J. Ettinger, associate professor of biochemistry, was recently honored in Philadelphia as the Hahnemann University Graduate School's 1985 Alumnus of the Year.• Dr. Arthur 8. Lee, Jr., associate ptofessor of surgery at UB from 1973 to 1984, is now chair• 12/85 BUFFAID [P t1 YSl¢IANI man and professor of the Department of Sur­ gery at the Morehouse School of Medicine .• Dr. Jaya Ghoora h, assistant professor of radi­ ology, was appointed chief of the Diagnostic Rad iology Department at Roswell Par k Memorial Institute . • Dr. Robert Huben, clinical assistant profes­ sor of urology, has been appointed ch ief of the Uro logic Oncology Department at Roswell Park Memorial Institute . The Cornell Medical Col­ lege alumnus has been at Roswell since 1982.• �31 ALl l'v1NI Dr. William F. Lipp '36 "Our 50th: The greatestreunionfor a greatclass. Pleasecome." Dr. Frank C. Hoak '36 Dr. Jerom e J. Glauber '36 "Forrnno1j.\ reasonsour 35th will not be in uilifor­ nia but again in Buffalo. Al Goldfarb has some outstandingplans for this reunion. We're looking fonrnrd to seeing all of )Oa." Dr. Eugene V. Leslie '51 Dr. Allen L. Goldfarb '51 CLASS OF 1941. "/i's that time again for us to get-together." Dr. Donald W. Hall '41 "Hard to belict:eit's gomg to be 40 yean. It's ume u:e renett' old acquaintances." Dr. Harold J. Levy '46 BUFFAID Lf_!:tvS1¢1AN) 12/85 �·32 I Dr . Lou is J. Ant onu cci '66 "Smee our fifteenth reunion dicl not matemil1~e, here's hoping for a largeattenclancethis commg .\fm. LouAntonucci and I aregomg to do our be<t to ~ up an k"Tl'stmg11< • ,ul." CLASS OF 1956 "I enc-oumgc all 30 )Car grads from near and far to make pLms to attt'lld this )ear's SpringOmical affair. U:~urge )OU to I mt the neu campr,s,the new Buffalo,but mo.it of all to 1·im u ith ~our col­ leaguesof Ir one davs." Dr. Edm ond J. Gaceu·icz '56 Dr. Kenn eth V. Kl em ent owsk1 '66 'The 15th - It happem only once. This mil be our Silt er Ann11·ersan • a good ume to come together to celebratea11drcneu fr1end\h1ps." Dr. Carlo E. DeSanti s '61 Dr. Harold Brody '61 "Scott and I are!both lookmgfonwrd at the I 5th Year." to sec:mgyou Dr. Martin N . Man go '71 Dr. Sco tt D. Kir sc h '71 (No t Pictur ed) "It has been 10 years smce our graduation /mm McclicalSchool cmd perhaps one-half that num­ ber ofwars smce completingresidencies.The op­ f>OTtunitiesu e used to hai·e discussingtnth one another our fmurc plans hate recently been /cu and far betUC<'ll.PerhapstH' can rekindle tho«.' friencL1hips and diKtmions at our upcoming 10th ,l'ar reunion." Dr. Ru sse ll Bessett e '76 BUFFAID PHYS ~~ �AL MISSING: Your Help Is Needed \Ve need your help in lcx:atmg missing reun­ ion class members. Please contact the Alumni Office (716-831-2778) if you have information on the alumni li,tL-<lbelow: Dr. Virginia Richter Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Or. ~1 Deborah Bieter Tawni A. Frank Norbert Goldfield Melvin Gossman Hal S. Hemme Jane T Kmg Joseph Lightsey Robert Morse John Ncander Dr. Or Or. Dr. Dr. Dr. Or. Dr. Or. Marie Ncxck Raymond C Noel !'.1arie Th1:re,t Obama Agnes Samuel Vickie Sidou Oli\'la Smith Timothy 5purling Warren L. Thau Donald Tracy Dr. Robert S. Berkson Dr. John S. Doherty Dr. Warren E Greene Dr. Gene W. Hair Dr. Raymond S. Kibler Mr. Muri E. Kina( Dr. \1ildred Templeton Dr. Henry M. U,1ak Dr. Richard A. Wills Dr. ''faylor 0. Bailey Dr. Robert H. Burke Dr. Daniel E. Cordova Dr. \\'ill1am Cunningham Dr. Bertram Helfaer Dr. Joseph C. Sieracki Dr. &nJamin S. Park Dr. Leonard A. Pisnoy Dr. Albert J. Soha Dr. Stanley C. L'retskv Dr. John G. \\'alsh Dr. James Chrismdoulou Dr. Joan E. Clemmons Dr. Eugene M. Sp1ritus Dr. Michael H. Armani Dr. Barbara A. Bennett Dr. Kenneth A. Burling Dr. Richard J. D1Gennaro Dr. Thomas G. OiSessa Dr. Colleen L. Gratto Dr. John C. Guedalia Dr. Barry \X'. Haight Dr. Louis C. Iann o ne Dr. Charles G. Jalkson Dr. Lawrence 0. Ostrow Dr. Thomas S. Sven,son BUFFAID (PH9$T¢JAN) 12/85 �34 CLASSNOTES Pasquale A Greco Pasquale A. Greco (M'41) • clinical associate professor of urol­ ogy, and Dr. Philip Wel s (M'41), clinical professor of sur­ gery, have been reelected to the Board of Trustees of the UB roun­ dation, Inc., until June 30, 1988. Burton R. Stein (M'43) • re­ tired on April I, 1985, from his internal medicine and cardiology practice. He lives in Lewiston, Idaho. William Tornow (M'46) • clin• ical assistant professor of pedi­ atrics, was named "Pediatrician of the Year"by pediat ric residents at Mercy Hospita l. This award is presented annually to the out• standing pediatrician on the Mer­ cy Hospital staff. Dr. Tornow teaches medical residents at both Buffalo Children's Hospital and Mercy Hospital. Arthur J. Schaefe r (M'47) • clinical associate professor of otolaryngology and ophthalmol­ ogy, lectured at the sympo­ sium on current tech­ niques in eyelid and lacrima l surgery at the University of Medicine and Denrisuy of New Jer• sey Medical Schoo l. Dr. Schaefer also presented a lecture 12/85 on practica l eyelid surgery at a seminar sponsored by the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary Post Gradua te Institute. Jo hn L. Musser (M'Sl ) • has retired after 15 years as chief of several mental health clinics for the State of Hawaii Health Department, and is now living in Florida. His new address is 2032 Canopy Circle, Zcllwood, Florida 32798. Richard Gacek (M'56 ) • has received the prestigious Pietre Caliceti Award from the Univer­ sity of Bologna in Italy for his research in head and neck sur• gery. He is currently with Upstate Medical Center in Syracuse. Arthur Klass (M'56) • is a chief of GI Endoscopy at Sinai Hospi• ta!, Southfield, Michigan . He is also the past chairman of the GI Section of the Michigan State Medical Society and past presi­ dent of the Detroit G I Society. He chaired the G I Section of the In­ ternationa l Medical Laser Sympo­ sium in 1979 and 1983. Dr. Klass George Starr '67 at Empire State Game s. is author of a chapter of the re­ cently published book, "Laser Pal­ liation of Esophagus Cancer" in Surgical Endoscopy, Year Book Medical Publishe rs, 1985. Sherman Woldman (M'57) • clinical assistant professor of pedi­ atrics, has recently been appoint• ed chairman of the Depa rtment of Pediatrics for the M illard Fillmore Hospitals, Gates Circle and Suburban . In addit ion to his private practice in Cheektowaga, he is active in the Leukemia So­ ciety of Ame rica, Inc., where he served as president of the board of directors. D r. Woldman has been recognized in M arquis' "Who's Who in the East" and in the American Biographica l lnsti­ tute's International Book of Honor . Francis J. Klocke (M'60) • is serving as chairman of the Safe­ ty and Data MonitoringCommit­ tee for the Multi-Center "TIMI" udy. "TIMI" stands for Throm­ bolysis in (acute) Myocar­ dial Infections which uses tPA as the lytic agent. Dr. Klocke is presently professor of medicine and physiology at UB and chief of card io logy at Erie County Medical Center. �CLASS NOTES Joe l Bernstein (M'6 1) • dini­ M1lford-\\'hmnsvdlt· Regional Hospital medical swff, director of the Echocard1ography Lnhoraco­ rv at the ~filford Hosp1rnl, and a m1.;mhu of the facuhy at the University of Massat hu,cm MeJ­ ilal School. cal assistant profe,sor of otolaryn­ gology and pediatric:,, lectun:d on "Rhinitis and Omis Media with Effusion," at the conferenn: on "Allergy and Immunology for the Rhinologist," on July 19 in Bir­ mingham, Alahama. Seymo ur J. Lieberman Marilyn Barker (M'75) • re lently moveJ to Eau C'l.iire, Wis­ consin, anJ has opecneJ m office for the praltice of ix-dmmc,. (M'61) • is prt.-,;idenc .md a member of the Board ofTru,tcc, of the :\1ed1cal Society at Mt. Sinai Medical Center of Clevdand. He 1s also a memhcr of the Board ofTrustt.'\.-s of Council Gardens, a low m­ comt.• housing development, and serves as medical executive com­ mittee ,ecrerarv at a nur,ing home. Dr. Lieberman is an a<,i<­ tant clinical proft.-.,sorof mt.-d1cine at Case-Western Rt.-serveS,hool of Medicine Richard Eugene Dubois (M'63) • reports he is in private Practice in internal medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. He is pre,idcnt of the Gt.-org1aSociety of Internal Medicine, presidcnr-clect of the Med1eal Assouarion of Atlanta, and co-chairman of the Southern Medical As.sodarion. He pub­ lished "Chronic Mononudeosis Syndrome" in the November 1984 Souiht.'T11 \fed1cal Journal. Lan ce Fogan (M'65) • 1s proud to announce ht· will provide an annual bequc-sr in his father\ name to UB\ Department of Neurology. His father passed away 30 years ago. This money 1s to he used either ro endm~ an annual lecrure,h1p in neurolog} or co support some other educational acriv1tv recommended by the Dep-artment. Dr. Fogan is dm.-c• tor of neurology at the Panorama City, California, Kaiser­ Permanence Medical Group. He interned at the Seton Hall Col­ lege of Medicine and then ob­ tained his M.P.H. while at the Un1wd Stares Public Health Serv­ ice. After complcung his re,1dcn- Melvin Pohl (M'76) • has a pncy m neurology ac Case \\esrern Reserve University, he moved m his current California ro,irion. Richard A. Berkson (M'72) • C. Wayne Fisgus (M'66) • a,­ ,1,tant profr,"or of OB-GYN at the Medilal Umvcr,1rv of South Carolina, 1, past president of the C:,parcanburg 08-GYN Society and past chairman of the OB GY~ Department ofS1 1rranbull! General Hospital. George Starr (M'6 7) • sho\\ n on page 34 ,it the skeet shooting l·ompctmon at last summer's Em­ pire State Games, the "Olympics o( --:t..,., York Scace~ whkh were hdd m Buffalo and at UB, wa~ part of the Central New York Squad for Olympic Skt'et Shoot­ ing. The S} racuse p..-dmmc1an competed l<x:allyro qualify for rhe regional ream and panicipated in lb hours of compernion at the ,care-wide event. He karned the sport as a medical offker in the Navy. The clinical assistant profcswr of pediatrics m Upstate ~fcdical Center had not visitl'CI UB for 18 years and w.is im• pre,sed by nil the new construc­ tion. Currently president of the Onondaga County Pediatric So­ ciety, he reports chat thee Gold Medal in Skeet was won by a pre­ medical student from Fordham University. wa, reelected thamnan and clin­ ical chief of med1une at Sr. Mary Mt"<:IK-al Center m Long Beach for 1985. He write,, "Have enioyed annual meering. of PHI CHI \\t.-,,t. with Ors. James Weber '72 and Jame, Pietraszek '74."Dr. Bcrbon who 1s an assistant clinical profo,-. sor at the UCLA School onvk-d1cine has a solo pracrke 1n endocrinology in Long &ach. Jeremy Co le (M'73) • \Hite~, ·1 have Just been ch tcd to fellow­ ship in the Amem :an Colk-ge of Chest Phys1c1ans • Dr. Cole 1s an assi,rant clinical profeswr at the UCLA Medical Center. Arthur C. Sgalia (M'73) • in­ ternist 'card1olog1sr in Milford, Massachusetts, recently pamc1pared in the National Ambuhto­ rv ~1cdical Care Survey conducted by tht National Center for Health Stari,ncs. The survey colhtcd informa­ tion ahour ambulnrorv patient,, their prohlems, and the rt.'SOurct.-s used for their care. The resulting published statistics will help pl,tn for more effective health services, determine health manpower re­ quirements, and improve mcJu:al education. Dr Sgal1a is a member of the BUFFAID I p H y j ..:.c::I£.R ,lte practllt in family mt'Clicmt· m Las Veg,h, :-..:evada. Or. Pohl 1, medical program director of Growth A,scxiatl.'$, an outpatient treatment group for akuholism and chcmirnl dependency, and dinical d1renor of the Chemical Dcpcndcnly Unit of Montevista Center in L·1, Vega,, 'le\'ada. C liph anc W. McLeo d (M'77) • i, chief of ob 'gvn at the USAF Hospital, \\'illiams AFB. He coaches lictle league ba•,eball and is team physic:i,m for the San Tan Youth S0t·c:er Association. In 19:SZand 1984 he wa, nominac• t.-d for Out,r,mdmg Young Men 111 America. Dr. Mc Lcod lives \\ ith his wifr· and five children, four sons and one daughter, m Chandler, Arn:ona. Ga ry A lexander Merrill (M'78) • wa, n;imed "Man of the Year" in Arkansas for 1984. He wmes "fur any of thmc who mrght be wondering what I've hccn up to, I am the former assis­ tant director of maternal and d11ld health and director o(infant and child health m Arkansas.• Paul M. Bergstrand (M'SO)• 1srnmplenng a res1denly tn fami­ ly medicine ,11 the Umversity of ~finnt.-,.ota , 12/85 �CLASSN OTES & DEATHS Edward A. Loizides (M'8 3) • completed two years of general surgery at SUNY Stony Brook. He is beginning training in uro­ logic surgery in the Section of Urology at Yale University School of Medicine and Yale-New Haven Medical Center. Eric P. Wittkug el (M'83) • writes "Upon graduating from Medical School in 1983,I partic­ ipated in a short-term medical project in the Dominican Repub­ lic with the Christian Medical So­ ciety. It was an exciting experience in third world medicine! During the 1983-1984academic year, I served as a combined medicine­ pediatrics resident at the SUNY Buffalo program in July 1984. In July 1984,I moved to Philadelphia to further my training in pedi­ atrics at the Children's Hospital in Philadelphia. When 1complete my pediatrics residency in July 1986,I will begin an anesthesiol­ ogy residency at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. My ultimate goal is an academic career in pediatric anesthesiology and critical care. April 1985, I married Kimberly Kellner who is an elementary teacher. Our new address is: 48-22 Revere Road, Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania 19026. Kennet h Scott Zimmerman (M'83) • now completing his in­ ternal medicine residency in Buffalo, plans to join a group practice in the Buffalo area. Joseph Carrese (M'84) • has been given the Howard K. Rath­ burn Award for outstanding per• formance as a medical intern. This award is given annually to a medical house officer who com­ bines the ideals of compassion, humility, and integrity with out• standing clinical practice. He is an inte111at che Francis Scott Key Medical Center in Baltimore, Maryland. lZ/85 DR. EDWARD L. FINK, 72, former chief of urology at St. Joseph lncercommunity Hospi· ta!, died June 27, 1985.A native of Brooklyn, Dr. Fink attended New York University and the Long Island School of Medicine. He began his practice in Buffalo in 1950. Dr. Fink was a mem­ ber of the Erie County Medical Society and a past president of the Medical Arts Society. During World War U, he served in the U.S. Medical Army Corps in Europe as a major. Sur­ viving are his wife, Angela; a son, John, also a doctor; two daughters, Carol and Lucille; a brother, Chester, and two grandchildren. DR. ROBERT E. SHEA (M'52) • an eye surgeon at Sisters Hospital for 34 years, died at 72 on June 9 after a short illness. The UB medical alumnus was also an M.I.T. alumnus. After becoming a commander in the U.S. Navy in World War II, he began his practice . He served as an eye doctor for the Buffalo Bills and worked with the Wetlaufer Eye Clinic. A county and national medical society member, he was also a member of the Catho lic Physi• cians Guild. He is survived by his wife Mary; two daugh­ ters, Mary and Colleen; two sons, Joseph and Robert, Jr.; and a brother, John. DR. JOHN P. CROSBY (M'36} • formerly with Lockport Memorial Hospital, passed away recently. DR. ROBERT J. POWALSKI (M'54) • died after a short illness on May 15, 1985.He was 56. A Buffalo area obstetrician-gynecologist for 25 years, he was an associate clinical profes­ sor of ob-gyn. The Buffalo native was a past medical staff president of Sisters Hospital, where he served his residency. The county, state and national medical society member also belonged to the Buffalo Gynecologic & Obstet ric Society, rhe American College of Obstetr ics and Gynecol­ ogy, the Pan American Medical Association, and the Catholic Physicians Guild of Western New York. H e is survived by his wife, Joan; two daugh­ ters, Karen and Lynn; two sons, Dr. Robert, Jr., and Mark; parents Mr. & Mrs. Thaddeus Powalski; and two sisters, Renee and Janice. DR. AN DRE W J. CHARTE RS (M'32) • 79, died June 9 in Millard Fillmore Suburban Hospita l after being stricken ill in his home . BUFFAID jPHYS1¢1A N I Dr. Charters was a general pract itioner and sur­ geon for more than 50 years. He was both an undergraduate and medical graduate of UB. Until his retirement in 1982, he was associated with Millard Fillmo re and Children's hospita ls and used the same office that his father practiced in 100 years ago. He was a membe r of the Erie County and American Medical Associations and of the Ma­ sonic Order. He is survived by his wife Helen; a son, James, a daughter, and six grandchildren. DR. JAMES W. JORDON (M'30) • died Ap ril 5, 1985 in Naples, Florida. The former professor of dermatology at the University of Buffalo retired from private practice in 1969. He is survived by his wife, Helen; a daughter, M rs. Robert Brown of Watertown, New York and a son, Dr. Robert E. Jordon of Houston Texas. DR. NORBERT G. RAUSCH (M'33) • died March I, 1985 after a long illness. Dr. Rausch received the Roswell Park prize in sur­ gery upon his graduation in 1933.Dr. Rausch was an associate in dermatology at the UB Medical School and a member of the medical board at Buffalo General Hospita l and Meyer Memorial Hospital. After his retirement from a private practice, he worked as dermatology consultant to Veterans Hospital. Dr. Rausch authored many scientific papers and addressed the National Congress of Dermato logy in Lon­ don and Munich, West Germany . He is sur­ vived by his wife, Marga ret; rwo daughters, Judy and Jill of St. Petersburg, Florida ; a son, Robert; and five grandchildren. DR . EUGENE H. RADZIMSKI (M'41) • died March 6, 1983. Dr. Radzimski, a clinical associate professor of ophthalmology at the UB Medical School, practiced ophtha lmology in Buffalo for 40 years. He was a Diplomate of the American Board of Ophthalmologists and past president of the Buffalo Ophthalmologic So­ ciety. He was a commander in the Naval Med­ ical Corps, in World War 11 , PacificTheater, and received the Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal, American Campaign Medal and t he World War 11Viccory Medal. He is survived by his wife, Helen; two sons, Eugene and Michael, and a daughter, Camille . �CALENDAR ■ BUFFALO GENERAL HOSPITAL PROGRAM • Hov. co Read a 12-Lead Elec­ trocardiogram.Feb. 24-26, 1986. West Palm Beach, FL. Sponsored by Buffalo General Hospital. Contact Dr. Jules Constant, Cardiac Study Fund, Box 114, Hiler Branch, Buffalo, NY 14223. (716) 836-5172 or 845-2165. ■ DEPARTMENT OF PSY­ CHIATRYCME PROGRAM • Useof Lithium m Children.Jan. 29, 1986. 9-10:15a.m. WNY Chil­ dren's Psychiatric Center. Gary Cohen, M.D., Acting Medical Director, Department of Child Psychiatry, Children's Hospital; Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, UB Dept. of Psy­ chiatry. Contact Murray Morphy, M.D., or James M. Serapiglia, Ph.D., SUNY Buffalo, Dept. of Psychiatry, 462 Grider St., Buffa­ lo, NY 14215. ■ UB DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS CME PRO­ GRAMS FOR 1986: THE SHERATO N BAL HAR­ BOUR CONFERENCE ON PEDIATRICS • Feb. 28-March bour, Bal Harbour, FL. Credit Hours: 18. Fees: $275.00 Physi­ cians in Practice, $175.00 Allied Health Professionals. ■ THE SARASOTA NATIO NAL CONFERENCE ON PEDI­ ATRIC LUNG DISEASE • March 14-16, 1986. The Sarasota Hyatt House, Sarasota, FL. Credit Hours: 20. Fees: $325.00 Physi­ cians in Practice, $175.00 Allied Health Profossionals.CONTACT: Rayna Saville, Pediatric CME, Children's Hospital, 219 Bryant St., Buffalo, NY 14222. (Collect): (716) 878-7630. ERRATA In the July 1985 issue, Dr. Steven Piver's tide was incorrectly listed as "deputy director." His correct title should read "directorof gyneco­ logic oncology at Roswell Park." 2, 1986. The Sheraton Bal Har- ------------------- -------- ---- ------------- --- ---- ------ ---------111111 NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSA171' IFMAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLYMA IL FIRSTCLASS PERMITNO. 2210 BUFFALO. NY. POSTAGEWILL BE PAIDBY ADDRESSEE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN 139 Cary Hall 3435 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14214 �PHYSICIAN State University of New York at Buffalo 3435 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14214 920029004800 MD 39 DR . EVERETT H . WESP 8 9 MAY N AR D AV E NU E EGGERTSVILLE NY 14 226 -------------------7-us LET HEAR FROM YOU -T·--------------- Fill out this card (Please print or type all entries) Name ___ _ ________ Office Address - --Home Address -- _ _________ --- - -- ----- --------Yes D In Academic Medicine: -- ---- If not UB, MD received from ------- In Private Practice: ____ --- No D YesD ----- Part Time □ Year MD Received _ _____ --------------- ------ -------------- --- _______ _____ __ -_ ___ ___________ Title _______________ ___ __ ___ _____ Medical Society Memberships ------- _______ _ Full Time D School _ _____ Other: __ _ ------ -------------- Specialty _______ No D _ ____ ___ _ ___ ________ _ _ _ _ _ - ------------------------ News: Have you changed positions. published. been involved in c ivic activities , had honors bestowed . et c? ______ Please send copies of any publications, research or other original work. _ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo physician, December 1985 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine -- Periodicals Medical colleges -- New York (State) -- Buffalo -- Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1985-December Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Relation A related resource MIcFilm LD701 .B42 M5 no. 268-271, Buffalo physician and biomedical scientist Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008_1985-v19n04-Dec Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Breakthrough in Trauma Treatment Kohl Our Senior Physicians Books Med School News Students Hospital News People Alumni Classnotes Deaths Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-16 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v19n04 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. New York (State) -- Buffalo Is Format Of A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format. Journals and magazines (periodicals) Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1985 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/7c3dd6f97f92ab850a8b63e19517a5e5.pdf 92b09b286e10e7cc11474b70b9da16ef PDF Text Text �STAFF EXECl'TIVE EDITOR, U:'lii\'ERSITY Pl'BI.ICATIO:\S Robert T. \1arlett ASSOCIArE EDITOR U;"I;I\"ERSITY Pt 1BI.ICATIO'\S Connie Os\\ald StofKo Message From The Dean tl. '1\'ERSITY .\IEDICAl. EDITOR Bruce S Kershner Dear Friends of Buffalo's School of Medicine: ART DIRE< IUR Rebetu Bernstein DESIG:'Ii Abn J Kegkr Demse Kubler PllUfO<,RAPIIY Ph) l'1s Clmstuphcr Hugo l nger ADVISORY BOARD Dr john :-.:augh•on, !Jean ''chool of l!etltcme \Is. :-.lanC\ c,I eco Dr Ed\\ in A Mir.1nd I >r john Cudmore Dr Dr. Ms \lr Dr. Dr Dr. D D Dr 0~ Mr Carmelo Armenu john Fishtr K:tren Drvja John Pulh Char,Ps P.JgaPell james Kansk H.uold B,od\ John Wright James ;.;ulan Maggie \\ ng~.t Man Voorht.~s ';teve '>h \ msk \ TEACHING HOSPITALS rhc Buffalo General (ll'ldren\ Deac.oness hrie Count) \led c..I Centtr \lerq ~l!li.Jrd 1-i !more Rnswell Park Memorul lnstitut<.. Sisters of C!Jar.ty \'eter"ns Adnm strJuon ,\ledical Center Produced bv the nuzszon o; Publzc Ajjt1irs llanJ' R jatl.:son dir!!ctor in association u ith tiJ!! \chao/ of .ll!!dzcine, ~tale l nit'£ rsilv of \'eu }brk at Buffa/r,. filE Bl ffAID I'HY~I( <;<;t 860) Seplc -nbc 198S IAN (I WS \ lurrc 19, 1\iul"''>er ~ Puh! heJ 'rvc wrcs Jnnt•· JIIV fchrLJr}. May Ju.} <;epr "'lbcr, Decerr'Jer hv rhe S< hoot f \!cdr· <lr. , St;.• l nl\eNt} of Nev. York at BL'falo, ~I')') Mo..:l ~m~er, Baffalo. '<c\\ \ork ll.?li Se(():ld class posLJgc p4.d dl Bllff.llo, cw \ork 1'0:-,T~IAST~R ~end address changes ro Hlh :1\'hA· LO PIIYSI< lA., IW f•rv flo~ll, ~~~<; Main street, Buffa'o, Ne\\ \ork 11211 A summ:tr) of the 19H'I Accreditation Report of the I.ia1sun Committee on \lcd•cal Education (I.C\IE) -, the top:<: of nne of this issues pnncipal articles. The LC\11· is .1 non-prullt or­ gani7~1llon empowered b) the Department of l:duc:nion to survey and ac.credit Amerilan \kdical Schools, It Jlso pro­ vides this servic.e for Canadian \lcd.cal Schools The LCMI­ memhershtp is docloped jomtly from the Americ.m :\1cdica Assoc.nron (AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC); there ar~ public members on the govern ing body as wei . I Jm pleased to report th.1t the School of Mcd cine at Buffalo rccel\·ed a full atcrediLitlon status for a pc•1od of four years The Survey Team \!embers \\ere very posit ve ..bout thei• vtsit and 111 the detailed report highlighted 24 points of accomplishment "nee the 1980 visit As 1s the cast. wuh al such \!sits .1 nun•ber of weaknesses were Jlso idenufred. Fortunat<..h mo t of these have been resoln.d sinct tht October, J<)?lq VIsit, for exampk, 11\e ch~lr'> have been appointed and the admtnJstrative reorganii'~ltion of the universitY and tht mediCal school has been complctt.d. A major <..oncern for the nsitors rcl.ued to the future stabilit) of the hospital system Th1s concern, while once unique to us in Buffalo, is now a nauonal one since the ways in '"hich gr.1duate medical educatiOn and pat1ef't care services are financed IS changmg rather precipitously. Buffa J(J\ situation of having an excess bed capacit) for acute care serv1cc 111 the face of a re:Jil\"ely weak econom1c base and the absence of a umver~uy-owned or wanaged clini­ cal facility suve to lughl.ght th~ prol>lcm. fhe v1s.tors' pnurit) fo ePsuring stabihza t .cJn of the mtdic;~l school's progr.uns reqUired tl lt the\ highlight an area which will requirt a great deal of attention in the )Cars •mmediatd} ahead Obvious!) the depart ment chairmen, sehoul administratton at all le\ cis and the hospital directors and. their respeu n· boards w.ll pa) .1 gre4t deal of .menuon to this important ..spect of our aca­ demic endeavors. The next scheduled LCME 'is it \\ 11l be m 198H That VISit will follow the conduu of the school's second institution-\\ 1de self-study, and should (JC.Cur at a time wh<.!1 a large proportion of the construt.Uon proJeCt> on the M.1in StreLt Campus are completed \\e look forward to an even more suc.cessful VISit at that umc fohn l'+iaugbton, M.D. �HEALTH SCIENC'-S NOV l1 1985 RECEIVED Emergency physician urges colleagues, patients, and families to prepare better for terminal illness and dying. What are the patient's rights in deciding between these extremes? Medicare payments based on "diagnosis related groups" encourage "quicker and sicker" patient release and pose new concerns for physicians. Director of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics tells Spring Clinical audience that the clinician must be an ethicist, too! Some old time practitioners used more than the basic 12 drugs to treat their patients. An injection may replace surgery in the treatment of strabismus. The highest potential cure rates for advanced ovarian cancer to date are reported by two Roswell Park physicians. More men are surviving prostate cancer. Research aims to help diabetics with poor eyesight to maintain their independence. Antihistamines and other medications can contribute to tooth decay. Immunizatio n could wipe out primary cancer of the liver. ( The school has been reac- credited. Thirdyear class bestows 9th annual Louis A. and Ruth Siegel Teaching Awards. Report on lead poisoning presenteel at the Annual Faculty meeting. United Way and American Heart Association join forces. SEFA campaign to start. orial Hospital in ewfane with Millard Fillmore. Television show gets material from Millard Fillmore. Buffalo General opens orthopaedics floor. Three hospitals introduce home health care. Sisters and Roswell Park get state-of-the-art mammography equipment. Proposed merger would join InterCommunity Mem- At the Spring Clinical Day, organ transplants were discussed, alumni officers were elected, and prizes were awarded for scientific exhibits. One hundred and fifty receive their M.D. degrees at the !39th Medical School Commencement. Fourth-year student Walter Lee Straus wins fellowship usually given to faculty. �• 2/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN �C:OI)IE • l~l.lJIE By Michael T. Ross "Code Blue, 506 South," drones the mechanical voice. Sud­ denly a whistle of beepers halts the cacophony of the crowded cafeteria. A procession of whitecoats vanishes. "Code Blue, 506 South" chirps from their pocket trans­ mitters. This scene dazzles hospital visitors daily and stirs the adrenaline and dread of hospital personnel. The euphe­ mism "code blue" warns of imminent death and summons a medical team to intervene. A patient's cozy room becomes a shadowy closet of stuffed whitecoats. Rapidly they assemble a congested ar­ ray of machines, wires, and polyethylene tubing. A gaunt, elderly man lies naked and inert in the crowded medical theatre. The face is drawn and lifeless, barren eyes stare with lids half closed. Two whitecoats alternate chest com­ pressions. Soon, limpid bags of fluid hover over the ashen body. With bore needles in hand, doctors puncture the skin below the collarbones seeking venous access to the still heart. Suddenly, crimson liquid gushes outward as clear plastic tubing is advanced into the upper chamber of the life-giving pump. A barking, staccato voice triggers a rapid round of chemical injections through the polyethy­ lene veins. A haggard whitecoat unsuccessfully pushes a curved tube into the mouth as other hands suction copi­ ous, green and hemic fluids from the opening. Sweat pours from the doctor's brow as she finally guides the external airway into the static passage. Quiescent lungs soon bel­ low as squeezing hands pump oxygen through a rubber bag. "Stop CPR," yells a harsh voice. ervous eyes freeze on the heart monitor with the coarse, wavy lines. "Ven­ tricular fibrillation ... epinephrine ... bicarbonate ... lidocaine." There is no response. "Get those paddles go­ ing!" The jab of a red button summons a shrill hum and a bleeping light. A whitecoat presses the metal surfaces to the chest wall: "Everybody off!" The body convulses for an instant as the heart is jolted with 400 watt-seconds of -current. A scent of burnt flesh enters the air. Strained eyes converge on the green window of the cardiac monitor. "FLATLINE! ... epinephrine ... bicarb ... isopril drip," commands the unwavering tongue. A peculiar pattern dances across the screen. "V-Fib!" cries the tense voice: "Paddles ... bretylium ... bicarb ... defibrillate, damn it!!" Still another bolt of current hitches the body instant­ ly. The drama persists through several repetitive cycles. The resuscitation is successful, the crew is spent. A square machine covered with dials, switches, and corrugat­ ed, plastic hoses wheels into the room to assure respira­ tion. There are no smiles, no twinkling eyes, nothing to distinguish success from miscarriage of effort. Only the sighs are remarkable. Mr. Smith once again is alive. The swishing of the ventilator and the beeping of the cardiac monitor prove it. As whitecoats disappear and talk of lunch lades the air and buries the tension of the still corridor, a languid intern drags himself to the patient's chart to prepare the disposition. Hurriedly, he writes the transfer orders. Then his hand scrawls the record of the code and a transfer note unintelligibly. He is numb as he enters the diagnosis: "Col­ on cancer with liver, lung and brain extension: prognosis poor." The patient is rushed to the intensive care unit. Med­ ical technology tingles the spine and shivers the soul. Daily, seventy million television sets mimic the dramas and ritu­ als of the monolithic churches of modern health care. A thousand periodicals limn stunning accounts of lives re­ stored. In the boisterous excitement of technologic exal­ tation the real drama is overlooked. "Mrs. Smith, you understand your husband is not responding very well to chemotherapy. Should his heart or lungs give out, do you want us to intervene?" asks the doctor. After a pained and querulous pause, the stricken wife replies, "Yes, doctor. Do everything you can." The scenario is common. Patients and families agonize. Legal, clerical, and health professionals disagree. What is to happen when the body lapses into the final phase of dying? Who will receive technology which prolongs physical life? When do efforts to extend life cease? Who decides? These questions are basic. Often, the patient is too ill to register a rational choice or even a response. Uncer­ tainty and guilt inundate families as they ponder allowing a loved one to die. Frequently, strained or mysterious fa­ mily relations preclude decision-making. The doctor, too, has uncertainties and fears. Death is anathema to physi­ cians; it is a badge of failure. Viewed in this light, deferment of communication is understandable. Discussion obligates realization of the chasm between unrealistic expectations and the reality of our inevitable mortality. Ultimately, everyone eschews the matter. No one decides. As physicians, we are taught to combat trauma and disease. From the biomedical perspective, it is natural to replace failing human parts with more capable machines. Not to do so raises the spectre of malpractice. When the patient or family cannot decide the limits of medical in­ tervention, we are obligated to sustain physical life at all costs. Our commitment to this approach intensifies as medical technology increasingly mandates more discrete biochemical and physiologic criteria for what we term life. Philosophical musing about the quality of life and the digSEPTEMBER 1985/3 �nity of death is considered dangerous in the clinical arena. As Americans were are conditioned to expect quick mends and cures for all maladies plaguing humankind. The serious limitations of modern medicine are known to few. Technologic borders are unbounded we are told. A cure is as close as next month's press release from the New Eng­ land journal of Medicine. Still, only the dying know how much suffering our technology demands. The medical renaissance relinquishes the human reality of the passage from birth to death. We isolate dying as a baneful, undig­ nified, and alien process; in a sense, we have denied our birthright. o longer do we die at home with the support and love of those important to us. In the modern era, we die in quarantine beside the insular swish of ventilators and beeps of heart monitors. Where does this lead us? For the patient and dear ones, dying means prolonged suffering, anguish, and alien­ ation. The family inherits tormented memories and a stack of bills. Health personnel and their specialized tools are diverted from other needy patients. Finally, the cost to so­ ciety mounts feverishly. Last year, health care absorbed over two hundred and fifty billion dollars. By 1990 the figure will exceed seven hundred billion. Ultimately, diminishing fuel for this unwieldy system will deny us access to health care, education, and other grapes of civilization. The impact of fiscal retrenchment is already upon us. It is doubtful that rational guidelines will evolve for eleventh-hour decisions whether to continue ineffectual therapies or revive hopelessly moribund people. Certain­ ly, the search for answers will be prolonged and mired in conflict. Right now, there is a right to die with dignity. The in­ dividual can decide: Does one choose to die at home with the comfort of loved ones or in isolation with noisy machines? For those threatened by a potentially terminal illness, the decision is best made before advancing disease precludes the chance to decide. Personal wishes may be communicated to family members, friends, and doctors or more formally in a living will established with an attor­ ney. If circumstances prevent care at home, there are other alternatives such as nursing homes, foster care, or hospices. When one enters the hospital, s/he can dictate the level of technical, medical intervention through discussion with the physician and a written statement in the medical record. Of course, the ability to make a thoroughly in­ formed decision depends largely on the physician's will­ ingness to communicate all the pertinent medical facts and uncertainties. While legislators and administrators battle and grap­ ple to evolve viable health-care policies, physicians have a professional, if not moral, commitment to enact solu­ tions in their daily practice. Hiding behind the fear of mal­ practice litigation serves only to delegate the critical and tender responsibility for human life to impersonal paper managers with priorities far removed from the individual patient. The special privilege of practicing medicine ob­ ligates the physician to preserve the life and humanity of the individual s/he attends. How can the caring physician fulfill this responsibility and allow his patient to die? For those of us who are physicians, the ethical dilemma in withholding active treatment from a dying patient seem­ ingly is at conflict with our purpose as healers. Our rigorous training requires the use of science, quantifiable experience, facts, and criteria to guide our judgement in selecting treatment for the individual patient. However, when the issue concerns whether to intervene in the fact of imminent death, the medical model languishes in the 4/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN effort to quantify a surfeit of immeasurable human varia­ bles. Too often, physicians elect to consider just the med­ ical questions. Only by sharing responsibility for the decision to relinquish life-sustaining measures with the patient, when able, and his family, can everyone feel the best treatment was rendered. Teaching and communicating with patients and their family members are critical for the physician to provide humane care. When a terminal or critical illness is identified, do we satisfy ourselves with a 100-word ex­ planation? Do the patient and family understand the full significance of the condition? Are all the options explained thoroughly? Do the patient and family know all the limi­ tations of medical treatment? How about the suffering in­ volved with further care- the necessary medications and procedures, their frequency and side effects, the degree and duration of pain and discomfort necessary to obtain a given result? Is death or potential disability completely reviewed with the patient and family? What will it be like to serve out one's life on a respirator? With a mechanical or baboon heart? With partial or complete paralysis, con­ stant pain, infections or disfigurement? Are they prepared for numerous, repeated hospitalizations? What should the family do when illness approaches its final stage? When their loved one with end-stage heart failure or emphyse­ ma gasps feebly in the night? When a mother or wife with metastatic cancer lapses into coma? Should an ambulance or doctor be called? Can the family manage the last mo­ ments of their loved one's death at home? Are there ad­ vantages or disadvantages to that? Does the patient or family feel guilty? Should there be resuscitative efforts? What would that involve in suffering and hope for meaningful life? What should other health professionals know about the patient's condition and wishes regarding health care? How is this best communicated? Questions such as these will need to be answered for patients and their families to avert the cruel and costly ex­ ercise of medical technology in prolonging suffering when only a heart beat is to be gained. Obviously, knowledge of a critical or terminal illness provokes a plethora of feel­ ings from shock, grief, and denial to confusion and guilt. The extent to which the physician explores these emotions and clearly elucidates all the facts and variables will power­ fully influence the choices selected by patients and their families. Unless we create an opportunity for such com­ munication, our technical efforts fall short of our commit­ ment as healers. In my own practice as an emergency physician, I con­ front death and critical illness daily. Quite often a patient or family member chooses to deny further treatments, procedures or resuscitative efforts when presented with a clear understanding of all that is involved. The emergen­ cy department operates at a hectic pace in a volatile set­ ting where such communication is easily avoided if not overlooked. Communication demands time, but it remains a valuable tool in my armamentarium of medications, procedures, and skills. How often I wish more of my col­ leagues in other areas of medicine would better prepare their patients and their families to deal with terminal ill­ ness and dying. Though we fight to sustain the gift of life, it remains ours only for a while. We all have a passage to complete. If we avoid this reality, the likely consequences will be crueler and more painful than death has ever been. • Dr. Michael T Ross (M '81) is an attending emergency phy­ sician at Proz•idence Hospital in Southfield, Michigan, near Detroit �-~~- -- --- - -------------------- •• 0 • ...._.es? B y Steven M. Shiv insky, Director of Corporate Public Relations, Millard Fillmore Hospital L ife and Death. What are the patient's rights in deciding between these ultimate extremes? A difficult question. No easy answers. There are no more questions raised than answered at the medical-ethical symposium sponsored by Millard Fillmore Hospitals on April 2, but two points were made very clear. Ethics committees are fast becoming an es­ sential tool for dealing with the almost day-to-day life and death ethical dilemmas faced by physicians and hospital administrators. And physicians must act as agents for society, taking the lead in determining the necessary guidelines in life and death issues. If they do not, then the state and the courts will do it for all of us. Like it or not. The day-long symposium was chaired by Ronald E. Cranford, M.D., director of eurological ICU at Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, and a na­ tionally respected expert in the field of medical ethics. The symposium consisted SEPTEMBER 1985/5 �of a roundtable discussion of medical ethics, a lecture by Dr. Cranford entitled, "Murder and the Humane Care of the Dying: The Courage of Our Convictions," and a pri­ vate afternoon session on ethics committees for adminis­ trators and physicians from Western ew York hospitals. From the discussions came the conclusion that medical advances are far outrunning society's ability to develop clear guidelines. Further, these guidelines must be addressed at four levels: ethical, legal, political, and economic. Also without definition of guidelines, or at least the establishment of an ethics committee for leadership, there is nowhere for the health-care professional to turn in time of crisis. To give a wide-ranging perspective on the issues, the roundtable was multi-disciplinary, and included Jan R. Jen­ nings, president, Millard Fillmore Hospitals; Peter S. D'Ar­ rigo, M.D. , Millard Fillmore's medical staff president and clinical assistant professor of medicine; Edward]. Mann­ ing, M.D., Dent Neurological Institute and UB clinical associate professor of neurology and anatomy; Richard C. Marcus, attorney, Falk & Siemer; Richard Hull, Ph .D., UB associate professor of philosophy and assistant professor of medicine; Michael St. Peter, news director, WEBR news radio; Msgr. Edward Ulaszeski, representing the Roman Catholic faith; Rev. Terrence Clarke, the Episcopal faith; and Rabbi Martin L. Goldberg, Ph.D., the Jewish faith. Issues included when to resuscitate a hopelessly ill pa­ tient, when to withhold lifesaving procedures for such pa­ tients, how to treat severely low-birth-weight babies with poor prognoses, when to artificially feed a severely in­ competent older person, and how much credibility to place in a family 's wishes for a hopeless patient. To address the life or death issue from an ethical perspective, Dr. Cranford cited relatively recent medical advances which created the debate in the first place. "Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation saves 35,000 to 50,000 lives per year. Before CPR, we had very few brain dead and vegetative patients," he said. Now there are between 5,000 and 10,000 vegetative state patients in the United States, exerting a tremendous drain on the medical delivery system . For instance, keeping a vegetative patient alive for 18 years can cost upwards of $16 million. "The threshold question is who has the right to in­ terfere with the natural process of death," said attorney Marcus. "There is an overriding state interest in the answer" but the laws, if we want them, must come from the public. Referring to certain religions which refuse medical procedures such as transfusions, Dr. Hull insisted on a " mixture of [consideration of] individual rights and the compelling rights of the state." The issue is "not a right to die but a right to have religious beliefs respected and accept the consequences of those beliefs." The physician's point of view was rather one of deter­ mining where a medical doctor fits into the ultimate ques­ tion of the anticipated death of a patient. "We are blessed and cursed as physicians with a messianic complex- to have all the answers. I can only do what I am comfortable with. This is tempered by my opinions, beliefs, and biases," noted Dr. Manning. "It is difficult and dangerous to give a physician the right to kill ," said Dr. D'Arrigo. "The primary player is the patient. It is extremely important to listen to the patient. The patient comes to me for advice, and has the right to refuse my advice, if he understands the consequences." The religious leaders came prepared with their respec­ tive faith's doctrines. However, their pronouncements con6/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN fused the discussion with debate over "the soul." As Rab­ bi Goldberg commented, "Death is the departure of the soul" and the soul is defined as "individuality, awareness control ... when this is gone, life is gone." Rev. Clarke agreed, noting "There is something about us that is more than the stuff we are made of ... I am more than the body I live in." " Death is when the body has lost the basic structure for human unity . .. The soul is no longer able to com­ municate with the body," according to Msgr. Ulaszewski. and dying is a moral issue to many, and a legal D eath concern as well. This does nothing to clarify the is­ sue. The first step must be at the medical professional lev­ el, according to Dr. Cranford. By developing norms and standards in ethics committees consisting of one-third phy­ sicians, one-third nurses, and one-third others, including clergy, social workers, and technicians, the first step toward legal/moral guidelines can be attained. This is where the concept becomes controversial. Ac­ cording to Dr. Cranford, once the norms and standards are decided, they will surely be tested in the courts. Only after legal challenges will they be adopted by legislators as law. This, he says, is the method to assure that correct ethical standards are adopted. Further, it means physicians must slip ever deeper into the maelstrom of medical liability proceedings. However, Dr. Cranford has reason to believe this method will succeed. As co-chairman of the biomedical ethics committee for Hennepin County Medical Center he was involved in a life and death decision last November. In July of 1983 a 57-year-old patient choked on an improperly placed res­ training strap at the Medical Center. He slipped into a coma for 16 months. In a precedent-setting case, the Minnesota Supreme Court, for the first time, relied on two independent bio­ medical ethics committees for advice on whether the pa­ tient should live or die. Noted Dr. Cranford, "This was the first time in the United States where ethics committees submitted an opin­ ion in writing to the court. This is the role some of us en­ vision for the committees in the future-to actively cooperate with the courts in difficult decisions." The court ruled it was not in the best interest of the patient to be kept alive by a respirator since he was given virtually no chance of recovery. He was disconnected, lived for 13 hours, his brain showing no signs of activity, and died last November 28. Deciding to end treatment to a 57-year-old man is one thing. The legally binding court rulings are black and white for all to see-but the issues are not so clearly defined. The case of Baby Doe, for example, became a political is­ sue as well as a legal one. "The issue was addressed politically, and the Baby Doe laws are fundamentally bad," said Dr. Cranford. He sees the laws as a political compromise, one which questions what is in the best interest of the infant and leaves the gray areas between black and white laws to the families. And, again , he sees the role of legislation as the last step, not the first . "I would much prefer to see a social policy evolving through the courts- as developed by med­ ical professionals." The most serious issue, according to Dr. Cranford, is economic. Cost containment is a national health-care pri­ ority. Physicians will be called on to ration treatment, as .. �will administrators. The best interest of the patient must now be weighed against the best financial means.* Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs), for instance, will "change the climate of health-care" said Dr. Cranford, "but on the up-side, the issue of regulation will be placed on the hospital." The eventual medical-economic decisions will be very difficult and require more than just one doctor's opinion. Hemodialysis preserves the lives of otherwise healthy peo­ ple, at $15,000 per patient annually, but is also used to brie­ fly prolong the existence of the terminally ill. Intravenous feedings, costing $150 per day, can give complete nutri­ tion to patients temporarily unable to take food by mouth-but can also extend the lives of patients who have little or no prospect of leaving the hospital alive. Economics will pose increasingly important issues for the hospital bioethics committee. They should make the decision on termination of treatment, said Dr. Cranford. The committee acts as a sounding board, facilitates a con­ census that includes family input, and establishes guidelines. The committee can educate, establish policy, consult and advise in a non-binding fashion, and perform a retrospective review of decisions made. "Further, the scene will change so dramatically in the next five to ten years," according to Dr. Cranford, "that self-education is essen­ tial to the process." "Whether physicians, already embroiled in a malpractice liability crisis, will guide us in finding ethical answers to questions of life and death is yet to be " determined. T he physician is the leader in the process. As such he should tend to the "Three C's", as defined by Dr. Cran­ ford. Communication, caring and common sense must all interact within the patient-family-physician triad. If one ele­ ment of the "c's" breaks down, then ethical dilemmas are possible and probable. It will be the family who inevita­ bly face the fact that we live in a world of scarce resources. The physician or nurse should be able to turn to the bi­ oethics committee for guidance. Will the physicians do it? Will they take the lead in establishing the necessary ethical guidelines? National and state-wide professional groups "are seeing the handwrit­ ing on the wall," according to Dr. Cranford. "It will take a forcing of their (the physicians') hand, and only when they 're significantly threatened. But we are in the process of doing it. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of eurology are developing guidelines now.'' Ethics committees are proliferating in the United States. It seems they are the only answer to a legal and po­ litical system years behind advancements in medical tech­ nology. Continued involvement of physicians and other medical professionals with ethics committees has proven effective in setting legal precedents for health-care. The field of bioethics is in its infancy, but its rapid growth requires anyone in the health-care industry to get involved now. Whether physicians (already embroiled in a malprac­ tice liability crisis in New York State) will eventually guide us in finding the ethical answers to so many difficult ques­ tions of life and death is yet to be determined. Despite all the unanswered questions, one thing's for sure, leadership is needed and the time to begin is now. • · " Hospital cost control: a bitter pill to swallow" lends an interesting perspective on the cost containment issue. Writing 1n the March-April 1985 Harvard Business Review, Henry J. Aa· ron and William B. Schwartz take a look at Great Britain, where medical services are ra­ tioned. They warn that even if the United States institutes most of the measures currently being proposed (ie: HMOs, PPOs, etc.), Americans, like the British, may still have to do without some of the health care benefits they now take for granted. (See also Ross Market­ to's article on British health care rationing system, Buffalo Physician, Vol. 19, No. 1, May 1985.) SEPTEMBER 1985/7 �Pressures for early discharge pose health care challenges 8 /BUFFALO PHYSICIAN �DRGs Are Increasing Pressure on Physicians for Quick Discharge ... Prospective payment for Medicare using "diagnostic related groups" (DRGs) has revolutionized the delivery of health care in most of the United States over the past two years. Beginning on January 1, 1986, this system will be in place in ew York State. One of the major changes caused by this new system is a greatly increased emphasis on discharge planning, to facilitate efficient discharge of patients from the hospital, and to ensure that patients receive continuous care at an appropriate level. Because prospective payment gives hospitals a financial incentive to release patients as rapidly as medically possible, it has led to a sharp decrease in average patient length of stay. As patients are released "quicker and sicker," the physician is under great pressure both to discharge the patient as quickly as possible and to find adequate continuing care for patients who often have complex medical needs. The physician's role in discharge planning is both more com­ plex and more important under prospective payment. Focus On Acute Problems Leads to a Lack of Long Range Planning Hospital discharge planning has often been an "or­ phan" responsibility in the past, receiving little emphasis or attention. Generally these tasks have been performed either by the social work or nursing department, but most hospitals did not have a well integrated written plan for how discharge planning should operate. During hospitalization, the patient's acute illness is the focus of action for the whole health care team. This fo­ cus, however, often leads to a lack of attention to the ad­ vanced planning needed for continuing care. In addition to the medical problems that must be addressed after dis­ charge, complex social problems can prevent a smooth transition from one level of care to another. With the im­ plementation of DRGs, it becomes increasingly important that the skills and knowledge of all health care profession­ als be coordinated effectively to ensure both effective dis­ charge planning and quality continuing care. Prospective Payment Changes The Rules for Discharge Planning Prospective payment using DRGs has changed many of the constraints and incentives hospitals work under and has changed the rules under which discharge planning is conducted. The hospital loses money for every addition­ al day the patient remains in the hospital over the num­ ber of days set for a particular DRG. One of the ways in which patients have been held up in the past has been in­ effective discharge planning, and hospital administrators are anxious to make discharge planning a well organized and effective unit of the hospital. The increased impor­ tance of discharge planning is reflected in the popularity of such procedures as "pre-admission discharge screen­ ing" in which patients in certain high risk categories who are likely to need complex discharge plans are assessed as they enter the hospital. Discharge planning begins even as acute care treatment begins. Some physicians feel that this increased emphasis on "moving the patient out" leaves them in the intenable po­ sition of having to restrict acute care while at the same time providing adequate continuous care. Issues of mal- practice and ethics are important considerations here. Many physicians report that hospital administrators now place great pressure on them to discharge patients as quick­ ly as possible, even if the doctors feel that the patient can­ not be safely released. Such pressures are real, and in some cases have led to punitive actions such as the suspension of hospital privileges. Despite these pressures, physicians alone have the le­ gal responsibility for and the training necessary to make clinical decisions on the course of patient treatment. The physician will be under increased pressure to justify ex­ tended hospitalization, but if such treatment is medically necessary, under prospective payment the hospital must retain the patient, despite the financial loss. To work effectively in the new system, the strengths of all members of the health care team must be used. Given the shorter average length of stay, the physician cannot ef­ fectively assess all the health care and social needs of the patient needed for effective discharge planning. In addi­ tion physicians generally are not familiar with the com­ plex financial reimbursement system for continuing care and work closely with those who are to prevent delays in discharge. Effective discharge planning requires, above all, the coordination of services. The physician's unique role is in coordinating the clinical treatment plan after dis­ charge, and in working with other health care profession­ als to solve social and financial problems. Continuity of Care An Important New Opportunity for M.D.'s The continuity of patient care is also important be­ cause more and more physicians will find themselves em­ ployed by non-hospital health care organizations. The Department of Health and Human Services estimates that between 1,000 and 2,000 U.S. hospitals will go out of bus­ iness in the next ten years as a result of reduced patient stay. A greater percentage of doctors will be employed by other types of organizations, ranging from emergency centers to nursing homes. The ability to make use of the growing variety of health care organizations and to effec­ tively coordinate services for patients will become a larg­ er part of the physician responsibility. The key, once again, is coordination. The physician should not assume respon­ sibility for providing all the assessments and all the infor­ mation that is needed, but should work with others on the health care team to adequately manage this informa­ tion, and find all the services needed for the patient. The pressures brought by prospective payment for quicker discharge make many physicians uncomfortable. They worry not only about the quality of care provided for their patients but are also disturbed by an intrusion into patient care of limitations based on financial rather than medical needs. However, physicians do not give up their legitimate area of expertise in making patient care decisions and in coordinating services. Prospective pay­ ment provides the opportunity, if used effectively, to coor­ dinate information provided by a wide variety of health care personnel and to provide patients with the best pos­ sible continuing care. This will be the challenge of prospective payment for all health care professionals. • By john Feather, Ph.D., associa te director, Western New York Geriatric Education Center a nd research assistant p rofessor of medicine. SEPTEMBER 1985/9 I I ' �g I O.. L - - - - Medical Ethics and Transplants 10/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN ' 'T By Bruce S. Ke rsh ner here's nothing more ch~llengi?g than lecturing to a group m their post­ digestive state," Edmund Pellegrino, M.D., quipped to several hundred phy­ sicians who had just finished lunch at UB's 48th Annual Spring Clinical Day. Dr. Pellegrino was the keynote speaker for the event held May 4 at the Buffa­ lo Marriott Inn (see accompanying articles on other facets of the event). The honored lecturer spoke on "Medical Ethics and Organ Transplantation." He is director of the Kennedy In­ stitute of Ethics at Georgetown University, the John Car­ roll Professor of Medicine and Medical Humanities at Georgetown, and the author of Humanism and The Phy­ sician and A Philosophical Basis of Medical Practice. The former dean of SUNY/Stony Brook's School of Medicine explained how ethics relates to medicine. "Ethics will not give us the right or wrong answer. Ethics begins �issue and artificial hearts. Just· as difficult is the question surrounding the tak­ ing of organs from donors. "We should have the right to self-determination, the right to decide about our own or­ gans. However, the voluntary approach to donations has proved insufficient as a method of supply," he remarked. The required request method often puts the family in a difficult situation where they have no choice but to de­ cide, yes or no, about donating their loved one's organs at the height of their grief. Dr. Pellegrino also described the "pres umed consent rule" which says that , unless you specifically state other­ wise, your organs may be taken. However, the former chan­ cellor of the University of Tennessee commented, "where presumed consent exists, as in France, the organ supply is not much better off because doctors are unwilling to remove organs without someone's consent." A third method of obtaining organs in some countries is mandatory organ donation, at the other end of the spec­ trum from voluntary donation. Another variation of the voluntary method is the "Market Place Method" where licensed organ brokers get paid to seek out viable organ donors. Voluntary donation can also be encouraged through widespread education programs which push the altruistic motive, especially for multi-organ donations. An important caution, Dr. Pellegrino emphasized, is that "ethics does not address the question of 'Who pays?' because it is not an ethical decision. It is, however, an im­ portant public policy decision." Whereas Dr. Pellegrino encouraged physicians to play an important role in bioethical decisions, allocation of medical costs, he said, is less in their domain. He did pose interesting questions nevertheless such as, "When $2Vz billion is spent by Americans each year on bass fishing or horse racing, are we really spending enough on health? " or " How much should be spent on the old versus the young?" Regarding this last kind of question, Dr. Pellegri­ no maintained that "the measure of the moral standing of a society is how it treats those on the margins of society." are the responsibilities of the physician in ethics? W Dr.hat Pellegrino suggests that physicians should tighten when someone challenges your view of what is right or wrong. It tries to get at the fundamental axioms and sup­ positions that you base your decisions on," he explained. Then he added, "The Hippocratic Oath is totally insuffi­ cient to address the ethical questions we face today." He went on to differentiate science and ethics. "Science tells us what we can do; ethics tells us what we should do. In addition, ethics often looks at two goods in conflict, not just good vs. bad." The former is the most common ethical dilemma in medical ethics. "The difference between the ethicist and the physi­ cian," Dr. Pellegrino elaborated further, "is that the physi­ cian must sooner or later make a decision , particularly a decision that must be based on sound science." Dr. Pellegrino, also former president of Catholic University, suggested some of the major ethical questions surrounding organ transplantation. "There's the question of organ availability, especially who gets the limited sup­ ply, and the dilemma of rationing, i.e., 'first come, first serve'. Then there are the questions raised by the Baby Fae up the medical criteria first, in order to strengthen our abil­ ity to deal with the ethical issues. Doctors must also be prepared to resist those who are afraid of the new knowledge that comes from technolog­ ical advances, especially those advances that have changed the definition of death. On the other hand , "doctors must not be tempted to 'fudge' on the aspect of death when someone is waiting for an organ," he warns. Dr. Pellegrino also cautioned about the dangerous "bandwagon effect" in which transplant programs are in­ itiated at institutions that are not fully prepared for such a venture. A NYU. medical graduate, Dr. Pellegrino has had a dis­ tinguished career. In addition to the previously mentioned positions, he also served as president and chairman of the board of directors of Yale-New Haven Medical Center and is the recipient of 31 honorary doctoral degrees. He is the founder of journal of Medicine and Philosophy and the author of 350 publications. " It is just as important for the physician to consider ethics alongside microbiology, pathology or any other medical discipline," Pellegrino said in his concluding re­ marks. "Because of our unique position in society, the cli­ • nician above all must be an ethicist, too." SEPTEMBER 1985/ 11 �Cou Syrup Dr. Silas Hubbard had quite a formula THE LARKIN COMPANY Sept. 13, 1915 COUGH SYRUP Dr. Silas Hubbard's Formula Ingredients 33/.o pounds Drug Mixture Wahoo No. 1: While Pine Bark 15 pounds Spikenard Dandelion Drug Mixture No. 2: Drug Mixture No. 3: 3 2 Wild Cherry Bark Horehound Squ1lls Boneset Catn1p Pennyroyal 15 15 pounds ounces 33/4 pounds 33/4 pounds 1V4 pounds 15 ounces Drug Mixture No. 4: Extract Licorice 2V2 Drug Mixture Granulated Sugar 215 No. 5: Glycerine 30 Tmcture Lobelia 7V2 Fluid Extract Senega Chloride of Ammon1a Oil Wintergreen Alcohol O.K.2 Water pounds pounds pounds ounces 7 112 ounces Tincture Ipecac Drug Mixture Fluid Extract No. 6: Bloodroot pounds pounds 40 ounces (fluid) 40 ounces (fluid) 75 (flu1d) 3 ounces ounce gallons 75 gallons 1 Directions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Heat the water to boiling Add No. 1 and let simmer 2 hours Add No. 2 and let stand V2 hour Add No. 3 and at end of 15 minutes draw off and place in drug press. Th1s should yield about 60 gallons. Add No. 4 (Extract of Uconce) and reduce 1n vacuum still to 20 gallons We1gh and add No. 5 (Sugar, Uconce, Tr. Lobelia, Tr. Ipecac) F1nish to 450 pounds with Distilled Water (Water measures 24 1n kettle) Add No. 6 (Bloodroot, Senega, Ammonia, Wintergreen, Alcohol) Add OK2 2This was the recipe followed by the Larkin Company The let­ ters 0. K. stand for the secret ingredient, unknown to the workers who blended the misture. At the end an official from the laboratory brought the 0. K. and added 1t. 12/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN Dr. A. Wilmot Jacobsen, M.D., Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Emeritus D uring the past half century, as a result of the tremendous increase in medical knowledge, therapeutics has become ever more complex. Today, a physician consulting his reference book listing prescription drugs will find un­ der the heading Asthma 60 preparations, under Arthritis 60, under Anti-bacterial 300 to choose from-and there are 2,000 pages more in the book! He may think back long­ ingly of the good old days when, as he has been told, the practicing doctor's armamentarium consisted of 12 drugs. But sometimes the practitioner a century ago did resort to complex mixtures. A case in point is that of Dr. Silas Hubbard, born in 1821. He went to school at the Academy of East Aurora, then to Allegheny College at Meadville, Pa., and in 1842 graduated from the Medical Col­ lege of Castleton, Vermont. Out of funds, he walked home to Buffalo, where he opened an office in a one-story brick structure on Exchange Street not far from Main Street. He was greatly interested in raising funds to found a University in Buffalo, which started with a medical school in 1846. A regular contributor to the Buffalo Medica/jour­ nal, he once wrote an article to correct a statement he had made in the Journal nearly 70 years before, and which the editor published with great glee. In middle age he be­ came obsessed with the theory that many diseases were caused by germs, and there was a suspicion in many minds that he was going mad. In 1855 his pioneer instincts impelled him to go west, and he moved his family into Indian country to the vil­ lage of Hudson, Illinois, which needed a doctor. He was soon very busy with a frontier practice, covering half a dozen townships in his two wheeled gig in summer, and on horseback in winter. His old house in Hudson is listed in the National Registry of Historic Places, and on the shores of Lake Bloomington is Hubbard Park. The entrance is dedicated to Silas Hubbard and his portrait is in bronze on the gate. On the lawn in front of the little house is a tablet stating that "here Silas Hubbard lived, labored and loved for 43 years." While Silas Hubbard practiced medicine in Illinois, his son Elbert Hubbard had become famous in the south Buffalo Town of East Aurora by founding the historic Roy­ croft Village and artisan's colony.' In 1900, at the age of 79, Silas Hubbard returned to East Aurora where he could be near his son. Here the old man lived happily in retirement for the last 17 years of his life, dying at the age of 96. At the time of his death, he was the oldest physician in ew York State. Of necessity a frontier doctor had to concoct his own medicines, and Dr. Hubbard 's expertise in botany stood him in good stead. In his tramps about the countryside he would gather roots, leaves, berries and barks to be brewed into various febriluges, carminatives, restoratives, and electuaries. One of the most successful of these was a cough syrup, which was considered a sovereign reme­ dy. "By popular demand" the Larkin Company was in­ duced to market it, and by good fortune, from their old records, I was able to retrieve the formidable and astonish­ ing formula. a: w I 0.. ~ a: I 1 The founder of Roycrott Village, Elbert Hubbard I, d1ed as famously as he had lived by pensh· 1ng 1n 1915 w1lh the smk1ng of Lus1tama H1s son , Elbert Hubbard II ran the Roycrott V1llage until the mid-1930's when 11 folded It took almost 50 years to rev1ve the h1stonc art1sts' v1llage, wh1ch IS now open to the public aga1n Two of Dr S1las Hubbard's liv1ng descendants also have a connec11on to UB Elbert Hubbard Ill , UB med1cal class of 1947, practices fam1ly med1c1ne 1n East Aurora He also served on the Med1cal School's faculty for s1x years 1n the 1970's S1las Hubbard's granddaughter, Evelyn. IS the w1fe of noted UB!Ch1ldren's Hosp1tal ped1atnc1an A Wilmot Jacobsen , aulhor of th1s art1cle (.) (/) ::::; ...J >­ I 0.. g 0 I 0.. ��result of spreading toxin to the muscle. The procedure has been used by Dr. Armenia to treat !6 patients. ':About 40 per cent are adequately treated with a single injection. Others, depending on condi­ tion, may need a second or larger dose for correction," he said. The toxin is also being used to treat an involuntary lid closure known as Blethorospasm. • (From ECMC's "Update") Chemotherapy nets successful results T Dr. Armenia injects drug into eye of patient. Injection used for crossed eyes S urgery may no longer be needed to treat strabismus or crossed eyes, according to Dr. John Armenia who heads the eye muscle clinic at Erie County Medical Center. The clinical professor of ophthalmolo­ gy and a small number of other ophthalmologists in this country are in­ jecting small amounts of a drug into the overworked muscle responsible for pull­ ing the eye out of alignment. How he and the others are doing it is through recording of electrical stimulation from the eye muscle to guide a small nee­ dle to the site of injection. The drug Oculinum or botulinum A toxin works by blocking nerve signals to 14/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN the eye muscle. Neither muscular scarring nor irritation result during the five- to ten­ minute procedure. Following the treatment, the injected muscle, slightly weakened, begins to stretch. And the muscle on the opposite side of the eye begins to tighten as it starts to pull up the slack. One injection may turn off the muscle for up to several weeks. Should the process of weakening/tightening be repeated sufficient times, the eye muscle will balance during the process of over­ correction, Dr. Armenia said. "The injected muscle will have time to lengthen while the opposite one will tighten to reach a better-balanced po­ sition." There are no serious complications, he said. The only "nuisance" effect is tem­ porary dropping of the upper lid, the By Colleen Karuz a he highest potential cure rates for advanced ovarian cancer, to date, have been reported by two Roswell Park Memorial Institute physicians, who have successfully treat­ ed the disease with aggressive, high-dose chemotherapy. In the December 198'-1 issue of Cancer Treatment Reports, Drs. joseph). Barlow and Shashikant Lele of Roswell Park reported that eight (47%) of 17 advanced ovarian cancer patients treated for one year with a chemotherapy program devel­ oped at Roswell Park were disease-free, based on the negative findings of "second­ look" surgery. Dr. Barlow is a research professor and Dr. Lele is a clinical associ­ ate professor, both in ob/gyn at UB. ':Advanced ovarian cancer is one of the most chemotherapy-responsive of all solid tumors," said Dr. Barlow, chief of Roswell's Department of Gynecologic On­ cology. "However, the initially high response rate is accompanied by a high relapse rate, with patient five-year survival statistics usually falling substantially below 10 per cent." The physicians described the drug pro­ gram as "an alternating regimen of four weekly injections of cisplatinum and five monthly courses of high-dose methotrexate-leucovorin, plus cytoxan (MECY)." If patients demonstrated a response to th is treatment after six months, the cycle was repeated. After one year, if all examinations, including surgi­ cal "second-look" abdominal exploration, with m icroscopic examination of biopsy tissue and abdominal washings, were �negative, the chemotherapy was stopped and the patients were followed in the out­ patient clinic. "Eight of the 17 patients are alive today," Dr. Barlow pointed out. "In fact, after 26 to '±3 months of observation, six patients have had no evidence of dis­ ease and are apparently cured." Drs. Barlow and Lele tested the effec­ tiveness of another multidrug regimen­ cytoxan, hexamethylmelanine, adriamycin and cisplatinum (CHAD)-in tandem with the MECY regimen in a second group of 16 advanced ovarian cancer patients. "We found the CHAD regimen to be signifi­ cantly inferior to the MECY regimen," ex­ plained Dr. Lele. "All but one patient had developed recurrent tumor before or at the time of 'second-look' surgical procedures." "Second-look" surgery, also known as "second-look" laparotomy, is the most ef­ fective prognostic indicator of advanced ovarian cancer and is correlated directly with long-term survival. "Only patients with negative second-look laparotomies can be considered potential cures," said Dr. Barlow. The physicians, encouraged by these results, will continue to closely monitor the patients to determine the extent and possibility of cure. "A 'f7 per cent nega­ tive 'second-look' laparotomy rate," not­ ed Dr. Barlow, "is remarkably high for advanced ovarian cancer, and the results are the best reported to date. We feel that this chemotherapy regimen will signifi­ cantly improve long-term survival rates for patients with this disease." • More men survive prostate cancer F ive-year survival rates for all clini­ cal stages of cancer of the prostate-including both black and white men-have improved from 58 per cent in 197'-l to 64 per cent in 1978. This 6 per cent improvement translates annually to over 13,000 more men surviving cancer of the prostate five years now compared to the mid 1970s. This is the major finding of the prelimi­ nary report on long- and short-term sur­ veys of patterns of care for cancer of the prostate in cancer programs approved by the American College of Surgeons (ACOS). The surveys were conducted between July 1983 and May 1984 by the ACOS Commission on Cancer Patient Care and Research Committee. The data were ana­ lyzed and the preliminary report was pre­ pared by the Cancer Control & Epidemiology Department at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, under the direction of Dr. Curtis Mettlin, in conjunction with the National Prostatic Cancer Cooperative Treatment Group. The long-term survey evaluated patterns of care for patients diagnosed with cancer of the prostate before 1978, and the short­ term survey was concerned with patients diagnosed in 1983. Both surveys solicited information from hospital tumor registries on characteristics of patients, disease, diagnosis and treat­ ment, and, in the long-term survey, sur­ vival. Additional selected data items, e.g., survival, were included from previous studies in 1974 and 1979 for comparison. "In these surveys, 908 institutions from every state volunteered information on 20,515 patients diagnosed in 1983, and 686 hospitals, again from every state, con­ tributed data on 18,575 patients diagnosed before 1978," according to Dr. Mettlin. The preliminary report also observed the following trends in detection, staging, and treatment: • The trend toward earlier detection of prostate cancer is continuing. The propor­ tion of patients classified as clinical stage A in 1978 and before was 22.9 per cent compared to 27.2 per cent in 1983. • Black patients continue to be more likely to be diagnosed wth advanced dis­ ease. In 1983, 37 per cent of black patients were diagnosed with stage D disease com­ pared to 23 per cent of white patients. • The use of radionuclide bone scans as a diagnostic and staging tool for cancer of the prostate continues to increase. In 1978, 58.2 per cent of patients were reported to have received a bone scan. In 1983, this increased to 69.2 per cent. • There are major shifts in patterns of treatment between the most recent sur­ veys and previous data. For example, hor­ mone therapy has decreased for almost all but the advanced stages, while the use of radiation therapy for clinical stages B and C disease has increased markedly between 1984 and 1983. Have these trends been primarily responsible for the improved survival rates? According to Dr. Mettlin, "We're not sure if the improvement can be attribut­ ed to one or all of them. We think that the improved survival rates may be the result of these treatment trends plus earlier di­ agnosis, more accurate staging, and there­ fore, more focused treatments. "We think this is very important infor­ mation and in our future analyses we will examine the variations in staging and pat­ terns of care provided that may account for this substantial and widespread pattern of improving survival," they said. • (Reprinted from RPM/'s "Clinical Newsletter," Spring 1983). Diabetes grant to focus on eyesight T he New York State Department of Health Diabetes Control Program has awarded almost $27,000 to Paul Davis, M.D., a UB endocri­ nologist and professor of medicine; Anne Skelly, R.N., clinical assistant professor in UB's School of Nursing; and Allene R. Van Son, R.N., coordinator of the diabetes teaching service at the Erie County Med­ ical Center. Dr. Davis is also head of UB's Di\ is ion of Endocrinology and chief of medicine at the Veterans Administration Medical Center. The purpose of the research is to help diabetics who suffer vi­ sion deterioration maintain their in­ dependence. Patients with type II diabetes who have low vision will be identified and taught not only the relationship of the disease and vision, but ways of dealing with the every day dilemmas they encounter. The three-member team hopes to edu­ cate and screen 400 diabetics who are pa­ tients in the primary health care clinics and the diabetes clinic at ECMC. From among the 400, they want to select 250 for individualized instruction and a home visit six to eight weeks after tutoring by a public health nurse. Over 10 million U.S. citizens have dia­ betes, which is the leading cause of new blindness in this country today. Diabetics are at risk to vascular changes in the reti­ na of the eye, to glaucoma and to early for­ mation of cataracts. With other monies from the diabetes control program, Davis and Van Son, SEPTEMBER 1985/15 �founder of the American Association of Diabetes Educators and author of Diabetes and Patient Education: A Daily Nursing Cballenge, are investigating the cost of in­ tervention. With support from the E.). Lilly Com­ pany, Davts and his colleagues at ECMC are part of a national study that is com­ paring the use of humulin insulin against animal-species insulin in patients with in­ sulin resistance, insulin allergy, and/or lipodystrophy. • Medication can promote cavities I f you have hay fever this season, you'd better brush your teeth. This is because antihistamines can contribute to tooth decay, Dr. Sebastian chairman of the School of Dental Medi­ cine's Department of Periodontics, added, "Extra attention should be given to these patients; they'll need prophylactic visits to the dentist, a stricter program of brush­ ing and flossing. and possibly a mouth rinse wth plaque-reducing properties.'' • Immunization may erase liver cancer P rimary cancer of the liver could be virtually eradicated by early and widespread immunization against the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) which research has linked to de­ velopment of the malignancy, says Nobel Prize winner Baruch S. Blumberg, M.D., Ph.D., associate director for clinical research at Philadelphia's Fox Chase Cancer Center. z z m ::;) u. "::E (.) I Q. <{ [[ ...... ~ ------~------------~~.M~--~~.w~~~----~_. Ciancio, clinical professor in the Medical School's Department of Pharmacology, says. He points out that dental patients should be warned that antihistamines and certain other medications may cause xerostomia (dry mouth) which creates conditions that foster dental caries and periodontal disease. "The dry mouth can lead to more plaque accumulation," Dr. Ciancio said in the January 1985 issue of Dental .t!anagement. Dr. Ciancio, who is also professor and 16 'Bl'FFALO PHYSICIAN ~~ Blumberg, who delivered the 15th an­ nual Ernest Witebsky Memorial Lecture April 18 at l 'B's Center for Tomorrow, first identified HBV as the agent of Hepatitis Band, with colleagues, subsequently de­ \·eloped an effective vaccine against the infectious agent. The agents which cause Hepatitis A and Hepatitis Non A/Non B have not yet been identified. Since a persistent, chronic HBV infec­ tion appears necessary for development of primary cancer of the liver, those who experience an acute bout of Hepatitis B and recover do not have increased risk for the cancer. While primary cancer of the liver is rela­ tively rare in the l'-S., it is more widespread in other parts of the world, notably Taiwan, mainland China, and parts of Africa. In Taiwan, for instance, it is the second most common cause of death in men. "There is a high prevalence of carriers of HBV in areas where primary liver cancer is common," says Dr. Blumberg. Further evidence shows the surface anti­ gen is found in the cancer as well as its surrounding cells. While not every person who is identified as an HBV carrier will develop primary cancer of the liver, the odds are "-!0 per cent or higher in carriers among certain populations studied. While males are more likely than fe­ males to be HBV carriers and develop the disease, "it is important that children born to mothers identified as carriers be pro­ tected from the virus immediately after birth with the HBV vaccine which is now being manufacturered around the world," Blumberg told the audience. As more countries begin producing the vaccine, its costs will decrease, he adds. Vaccine production is underway in mainland Chi­ na, for instance, where primary liver cancer is more prevalent, and all new­ borns now receive the vaccine. In the t:.s., those who appear most at risk for developing Hepatitis B infections are those in the health field , such as nurses, physicians, and dentists who con­ tact it through handling blood and other body fluids. Other high risk patients are drug abusers who share common needles. l 'nfortunately, many in these high-risk categories have not availed themselves of the vaccine, says Blumberg. Preceding Blumberg's lecture, UB chair­ man and distinguished professor of the Department of Microbiology Felix Mil­ grom, M .D., presented the annual Ernest Witebsky Memorial Awards for Proficien­ cy in Microbiology to medical student DavidS. Rosenblum; dental student Caro­ lyn Melita; and graduate student Jan Ed­ ward Valeski. The Witebsky Memorial Lecture was presented by the Ernest Witebsky Center for Immunology and l 1B's Department of Microbiology. • �MEDI(:AL SC~li()()L NEWS Medical school gets full accreditation T By Bruce S. Kershner he UB School of Medicine has received continuing full accredi­ tation for a period of four years from the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME). This commit­ tee is the nationally recognized agency for accreditation of medical schools. Reaccreditation is a vital process that has fundamental effects on a school's standing and reputation and on its ability to maintain the quality of its programs and faculty. "The reaccreditation report represents a significant improvement over the last visit in 1980," Vice President john Naugh­ ton, dean of the Medical School, com­ mented. In 1980, reaccreditation was conferred for two years. "At their 1980 visit, the team raised a number of questions. At this 1985 visit, they were satisfied that those questions had been addressed," the dean remarked. The LCME team identified 24 strengths and nine concerns that it wants addressed by the next evaluation in 1988-89. T he most important concern was re­ lated to the " fragile financial status of the major teaching hospitals" which the team viewed as posing a threat to residen­ cy programs and to the " potential future resources for the School." Dr. aughton sees the financial instabil­ ity of some of the hospitals as a problem that the School has little control over. Nearly all of the other concerns, however, are under the control of the School, Dr. Naughton says, and he is confident that all of those concerns will be addressed soon. For instance, the LCME team cited an undesirably high number of vacancies in department chairmanships. Since the team's visit last October, however, all but one of those vacancies have been filled. Two other concerns were related to the possible confusion that could result from several new key dean's staff positions as well as from the appointment of a Univer­ sity Provost and Dr. Naughton's joint ap­ pointment as both medical school dean and vice president for clinical affairs. Dr. aughton remarked that since the survey, Construction continues on Carey-Farber-Sherman addition. the transition had ended and the new team has quickly defined its roles and de­ veloped a close rapport. Two concerns about the residency pro­ grams are being addressed now as the rela­ tively new Graduate Medical Consortium deals with the programs' weaknesses. Three residency programs remain on pro­ bation out of a total of 32. The report's desire to reduce the number of foreign medical students is also being addressed by the Consortium. Library hours and lack of 24-hour study halls, and over­ scheduling of the first- and second-year curriculum are other concerns now being worked on. A mong the first strengths identified by the team were the effectiveness of the leadership of Dr. aughton as dean and President Sample and Provost Greiner. In addition, the accrediting team reported favorably about the excellent morale of the faculty. Counted among the School's strengths were strong, cooperative relationships be­ tween teaching hospital administrators and the School, and the enthusiasm and commitment of department chairmen and other prominent faculty. The close affili­ ation with Roswell Park was also cited as major asset. The quality of a number of depart­ ment's research and teaching programs was commended. Those mentioned in­ clude physiology, biochemistry, biophysi­ cal sciences, gross anatomy and the basic sciences program in general, as well as the new Geriatric Education Center and the Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Family Medicine's ambulatory care pro­ gram. The new M.D./Ph.D. program and the Buswell and other fellowship pro­ grams were also cited. Two major new additions, the State­ mandated clinical practice plan and the Graduate Medical Consortium (that coor­ dinates residency programs), were both judged as successful and as major unify­ ing forces. The minority recruitment and admissions program was also deemed "very successful" by the accrediting team . The LCME committee is an indepen­ dent body enfranchised by the Depart­ ment of Education and composed of representatives from the AMA and the As­ sociation of American Medical Colleges. Its next visit will be during the 1988-89 academic year. • Third-year class honors six faculty T the clean had his opportunity to honor faculty members for ex­ cellence; now, it was the stu­ dents' chance to bestow their honors on particular medical faculty members. The third-year medical class an­ nounced their six selections to receive the 9th Annual Louis A . and Ruth Siegel Teaching Awards at last May's Annual SEPTEMBER 1985/ 17 �MI~l)IC,AL S<~EI()()L I~ S Dr. Steven Gut­ man was named best teacher of the year. Faculty Meeting at B's Katharine Cornell Theatre. Judged the best teacher of the year in 1985 in the pre-clinical teaching category was Dr. Steven Gutman, assistant profes­ sor o f pathology at Y.A. Medical Center, who was hailed for "demonstrated comp­ etence and knowledge of his field , together with a complete and precise lec­ ture style notable for the fact that no one falls asleep in his class." Later, Dr. Gutman remarked , " Teaching keeps me young, keeps me current, and ensures that I periodically review and reassess tenets basic to my medical prac­ tice. That 's the bottom line. With or without the Siegel Award , I generally seem to get more out of teaching than 1 put in." Selected as the best clinical teacher of 1985 was Dr. Steven Noyes, clinical assis­ tant professor of medicine. According to the Siegel Award Selection Committee, Dr. Noyes is " known for the fervent energy he invests in medical student teaching and for his Socratic method." Three House Staff Teaching Awards were presented to: • Dr. Scott Crandall, clinical assistant in­ structor in gyn-ob; • Dr. James Corasanti, clinical assistant instructor in medicine, and • Dr. John Brach, clinical assistant in­ structor in medicine. Dr. Harry Metcalf, clinical associate professor of family medicine, was ho­ nored with the Volunteer Teaching Award. Judging for the Siegel Teaching Awards 18/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN is based on student nominations request­ ed from all medical student classes. Stu­ dents complete nomination forms which ask for a nominee's qualities and merits. The ability to act as a role model , effec­ tiveness and enthusiasm as a teacher, abil­ ity to stimulate thinking and problem solving, and an attitude demonstrating sensitivity toward the human condition arc some of the attributes that the awards committee reviews in making its de­ cisions. The annual teaching awards originated with Dr. Louis A. Siegel who endowed the awards in 1977. A 1923 UB medical alum­ nus, he served as assistant professor in gyn-ob for 21 years before leaving UB for heatlh reasons in 1946. He was said to be an inspiring mentor who possessed en­ thusiasm and dedication as a clinical teacher. He died in 1981. • Lead poisoning is faculty topic A n alarming report on possible widespread lead poisoning in Asia from the use of lead-based cosmetics highlighted 1985 's An ­ nual Faculty meeting of the Medical School, May 29, at UB's Katharine Cornell Theatre. Dr. Robert Guthrie, who opened the event as the Stockton Kimball lecturer, also disclosed his equally alarming research findings that 0.6 per cent of white suburban children have excessive lead levels. Dr. Guthrie emphasized that the medi­ cal community should not complacently be deceived into thinking that lead poisoning is just a problem for inner city children. He pointed out that dust from lead-based paint even in affluent older homes can be absorbed by children, in addition to widespread gasoline lead sources. Lead toxicity is a society-wide problem of enormous significance because of its effects on population average IQ. " If all sources of lead contamination were re­ moved from the nited States, average IQ would increase up to four points. This translates into two and a half times fewer people with IQ 's under 70, and two and a half times more over 130 IQ." The State of the Medical School is very good , Vice President John aughton, dean of the school, said in his annual ad­ dress. In agreement was University Provost William Greiner in his brief com­ ments to the audience of 200. The Dean's Report summarized the results of the report of the Liaison Committee on Med­ ical Education (LCME) which reaccredit­ ed the Medical School for four years (see separate article). The dean also announced that Dr. Francis Klocke, professor of medi­ cine and physiology, would be the first oc­ cupant of the Albert Rekate Chair. Dr. Paul Davis, president of the Medi­ cal Faculty Council and professor of medi­ cine, capsulized the entire year's activities of the Council in a matter of minutes: 14 by-law changes were approved, :38 charges to eight standing committees were made (and 90 per cent of them were resolved), and the Student Affairs Com­ mittee rewrote the student grievance procedure. His report did not convey, however, the truly significant contribution the Council and its committees made to the governance and operation of the School and to the resolution of conflicts and difficulties. Before awards were presented , a memorial remembrance of faculty who died during the year was offered by Dr. Bob Brown. Almost 70 new faculty ap­ pointments were announced by the School's 25 departments. In addition, 14 faculty were appointed to emeritus status, including Dr. Bob Brown , former acting dean , Dr. Robert Guthrie, this year 's Stock- l �., Dr. Ogra joins a group of many UB med­ ical luminaries in becoming a Stock­ ton Kimball Awardee. Past recipients have included Drs. Ernest Witebsky, S. Mouchly Small, Mitchell Rubin, Hermann Rahn, 0. P. jones, Erwin eter, Leon Far hi, Felix Milgrom, Donald Rennie, Francis Klocke, Giuseppe Andres, Bud Schenk, and Bob Guthrie. ton Kimball lecturer, and Dr. Bud Schenk, last year's Stockton Kimball lecturer. Mrs. Robert Schuder, president of the local chapter of the American Medical Associ­ ation's Women's Auxiliary, presented their AMA-ERF check to Dr. Naughton. M ajor Medical School recognitions for the year included bestowal of the Stockton Kimball Award on Dr. Pearay Ogra, professor of pediatrics and microbi­ ology, for teaching, research and service contributions to the University and his profession that few individuals match. The 46-year-old native of Kashmir India is recognized world-wide for his r~search in pediatric infectious diseases, immunol­ ogy, and otorhinolaryngology. The director of UB's Division of Infec­ tious Diseases at Children's Hospital earned his degree from Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, in 1961. He came to the U.S. as a resident in Binghamton (N.Y.) General Hospital in 1963. After pediatric residencies at the niversity of Chicago and N.Y.U./Bellevue, he came to UB as a Buswell Fellow in virology in 1966. He is editor-in-chief of the Internation­ al journal of Microbiology (U.S. Region , Viral Immunology), serves on the editorial board of six other journals includingjour­ nal of Pediatrics, Injection and Immuni- T Dr. Andrew Gage received the Dean's Awa rd. ty and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, and is a consultant for 12 other journals. He is or has been a member of national profes ional and NIH committees too numerous to mention. Dr. Ogra is the (co)author or editor of 316 publications and chapters, and five books. He has received four previous honors including the 1978 Mead johnson Award for Pediatric Research from the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the 1984 Kal­ hana Award for Outstanding Contribution in Science from his home State of Kashmir. The Stockton Kimball Award w as pres ented to D r. Pear ay Og r a, a: w I Q. ~ ir I u (/) ::::; --' >­ I Q. he Dean's Award went to Dr. Andrew Gage for his important contributions to the School. The professor of surgery and chief of staff of Buffalo Veterans Ad­ minbtration Medical Center served as act­ ing chairman of surgery until that position was filled recently. A B undergraduate and medical graduate (1944), Dr. Gage has been on UB's faculty since 1944, first as a resident and ultimately as a tenured faculty member. He has served the School in diverse ca­ pacities on its Executive Committee, Faculty Council , Graduate Medical Con­ sortium, and others. His numerous profes­ sional positions include past president of the American College of Surgeons (W Y chapter), Heart Association of WY, Associ­ ation of Veterans Administration Surgeons, Buffalo Surgical Society, ational Associ­ ation of Veterans Administration Chiefs of Staff, and the American College of Cryosurgery. He has also served on the editorial boards of four journals. Dr. Gage has played major historical roles in medicine, most notably with Wil­ liam Chardack and Wilson Greatbatch in developing the world 's first implantable cardiac pacemaker in 1960. More recent­ ly, in May 1984, he played a major role in planning and organizing Western New York 's and UB's first heart transplant. His research findings in cryosurgery, cardiol ­ ogy, and vascular disease have appeared in 144 articles and chapters. He also was one of the founding investigators for the national Veterans Administration Cooper­ ative Study of Surgery of Coronary Heart Disease. He received the Ellender Medical Foun­ dation Award for Outstanding Contribu­ tions to Cryosurgery in 1979, and the 1980 Distinguished Service Award of the As­ sociation of Veterans Administration Sur­ geons. Dr. Gage is the latest in the lineage of Dean's Medalists that includes Drs. Evan Calkins, Albert Rekate, joseph Aquilina, james Phillips, William Chardack, Philip SEPTEMBER 1985/19 �MEDI<~AL SCJI()()L NEWS to strengthen as part of its responsib ili ty to the community. This year's goal for the Medical School is 561,000 . Last year's con­ tribution was 56,000 . Chairman of this year's SEFA campaign is Robert Wagner, vice president for university services. Last year's SEFA chair­ man and assistant chairman, Vice Presi­ dent John Naughton and Assistant to the Vice President Dr. Richard jones, are on the 1985 SEFA Steering Committee. The School 's commitment to the campaign is also i ndicated by the full-time administra­ tive support that will be provided by Bar­ bara Mierzwa, assistant to the chairman of Biochemistry. Dr. Gerald Sufrin, right, and Dr. Wi lliam Staubitz v iewed the unveiling of the portrait of Staubitz that accompanied the presentation of h is Special Re cognition Award. Wels, Douglas Surgenor, james Nolan, Robert Brown , and O.P. jones. A Special Recognition Award to Dr. Wil­ liam Staubitz was accompanied by the un­ veiling of his portrait. Dr. Staubitz, eminent urologist and chairman of the Department of Urology from 1960 to 1978, was also director of urology at Roswell Park for ten years. He is a UB medical graduate (1942) and is noted for his contributions in testicular cancer, es­ pecially in developing and implementing plans of therapy for the disease. Recent­ ly, he was elected president of the presti­ gious Society of Pelvic Surgeons. The Ruth and Louis Siegel Awards were announced by Assistant Dean Frank Schimpfhauser and third-year medical stu­ dent Michael Denk (see separate article). Heart Association joins United Way T he United Way of Bufalo and Erie County and the American Heart Association became partners in community service on August I. Under the new agreement the Heart As­ sociation will receive an annual allocation for its operating budget from the Un ited 20/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN Way. "As a United Way beneficiary, the As­ sociation will be able to expand its range of prevention and education services throughout the community," said Dean John Naughton , past president of the Heart Association . With supplementary funds from national sources, six local researchers on cardiovascular disease will also be funded in 1985-86 by the Heart Association. Give YOUR Way­ Support SEFA T ' he University's annual charitable campaign, the State Employees Federated Appeal (SEFA), will run from September 18 to October 18. Faculty and staff may choose among a dozen national health agencies, 15 inter­ national organizations, and the United Way and i ts 75 affiliated agencies. Infor­ mation on ways to designate recipient groups and various giving options, includ­ ing payroll deductions, will be provided on donor cards to be distributed during the campa ign. The Medical School has a record of solid support for SEFA and a position of leadership in the campaign that it seeks Robert Welliver, Buswell Research Day speaker, discussed viral in­ fections in human respiratory tracts and their IgE-mediated im­ munological responses. Dr. Wel­ liver is an associate professor of pediatrics at Children's Hospital. Presentations were given by five Buswell fellows: Drs. Abraham Munabi, Claudio Burdignon, Katherine Gaines, Phadip Rusta­ gi and Giovanni Camussi, as well as medical student researcher Cliffm·d Carroll. �~------- HOSPITAL NEWS 'I A bit of Buffalo is in 'St. Elsewhere' I in late 1981, Thomas Fontana came to Millard Fillmore Hospital for two reasons: first to visit his mother, Marie Fontana, coordinator of the Women's Clinic, and second, to prepare for his new job as writer/producer for "St. Elsewhere," the now successful BC ser­ ies about the fictitious St. Eligius Hospital. "I came basically to observe firsthand what happens behind the scenes at a major hospital," the Emmy-award winner said of his visit to Millard Fillmore where he spent a few days before joining the cast and crew of "St. Elsewhere" at the MTM Studios in California. Luther Musselman, M.D., emeritus clin­ ical associate professor of medicine at UB and director of medical education for Mil­ lard Fillmore Hospitals, guided Mr. Fon­ tana on a tour of the hospital where he met the medical staff president and the chiefs of surgery and neurology. "I got a general feeling of what goes on and also picked up some specific lines here and there," Mr. Fontana said about the extensive tour which included the lec­ ture halls, library, and surgical suites. "! also spent about half-a-day in the emer­ gency room, which was very helpful." The Gates Circle employee cafeteria, of all places, provided Mr. Fontana with more insight than any other place in the hospital. "I just casually sat in Millard Fillmore's employee cafeteria and tried to eavesdrop and overhear conversation," he said. " By sitting in the cafeteria, I picked up a sense of the hustle and bustle in a big-city hospital." Fortunately, the critically acclaimed ser­ ies has been a hit and Marie Fontana con­ tinues to forward articles and letters about Millard Fillmore and other hospitals in Western ew York to her son. "I try to send him brief stories about unique occurrences that he might incor­ porate into an episode," she said. "For ex­ ample, I wrote Tom about a doctor here at Millard who receives an anonymous rose every Monday morning." That tidbit has yet to appear in the program. Even though Mr. Fontana toured Millard Fillmore and continues to stay in touch with the hospital through his mother, the characters and the stories that take place on " St. Elsewhere" are fictitious, and he emphasizes that point. Despite its critical acclaim and Mr. Fon­ tana's Emmy Award last year, "St. Else­ where" almost didn't make it past the third season because of low ratings. Now it has found an audience that appreciates its qualities, ranking ninth in improved rat­ ings among all returning series. Watch closely, you may see a little bit of Millard Fillmore Hospital in the next episode. • (Reprinted with permission Millard Fillmore Hospital's "Reporter." Winter 1985) will enhance the efficiency of patient care. Following a greeting by William V. Kin­ nard, Jr., M.D., hospital president, a por­ trait of Benjamin Obletz, M.D., former head of orthopaedics at the hospital and former chairman of UB's Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, was presented by James Cole, M.D. , one of Dr. Obletz's former residents. Eugene R. Mindell, M.D., current chair­ man of UB's Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, introduced Dr. Obletz who spoke on the history of orthopaedic surgery at Buffalo General. Amy Forrest, R. ., talked on the significance of the dedicated or­ thopaedic floor. • (From Buffalo General's "Pulsebeat," May 1985) Hospitals introduce home health care A TV show's plots may seem very familiar to Millard Fillmore Hospi­ tal employees. Orthopaedics located on BGH's 16th floor A group of distinguished or­ thopaedic surgeons from around the world attended a ribbon­ cutting ceremony May 30 on the 16th floor of Buffalo General Hospital 's just opened twin towers building. All or­ thopaedic patients will be located there. According to Edward H. Simmons, M.D., professor of orthopaedic surgery, as­ signment of orthopaedic patients to one geographical area will allow more ready assessment by nurses and physicians and national trend in health care has left the hospital and come home to Buffalo. Home health care has arrived at three Buffalo hospitals. Sisters of Charity Hospital introduced the first hospital-based home health care program in Western New York on April 1. Close behind are Buffalo General Hospi­ tal's Advanced Home Care of Western ew York which commenced June 14 and Mil­ lard Fillmore Hospital 's program, which began on August 15. Sisters' program provides home health care services for up to 100 patients at 75 per C<';nt of comparable costs in an insti­ tution. Sisters studied home health care services for nearly three years before com­ pleting its plan, which has been approved by the Health Systems Agency and State Department of Health. Buffalo General formed a joint venture with Home Health Care of America, one of the largest such services in the coun­ try. It also reorganized its corporate struc­ ture to form a for-profit subsidiary, General Home Care. The new program's board is chaired by Dr. Gerald Logue, as­ sistant professor of medicine, and seven other Medical School faculty members, among others. Millard Fillmore's YitalCare Home Health is administered by Niagara Frontier Health services, a subsidiary of the Hospital's parent company. One of the board members is Dr. Thomas Cumbo SEPTEMBER 1985/21 �- -·------- Il()SPITAL TEWS L Norman Durawa, chiefradiologic technologist, demonstrates the ease and flexibi lity of the new mammography unit to Leti tia Parke r, senior x -ray technician, at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. of the medical faculty. According to Business First of Buffalo, "One of the greatest incentives driving ew York State hospitals into the home health care business is the advent of the diagnostic related groups," said james Kel­ ly, executive assistant of the Medical So­ ciety of Erie County. "Patients will have to be discharged earlier under ORGs," Kelly said. "Home health would be another alternative to the acute care patient, and the hospitals won't lose money." The weekly business newspaper report­ ed that nationally, 20 per cent of all hospi­ tal patients and 25 per cent of all nursing home patients could be treated in the home. Erie County currently has 35 in­ house health care organizations that pro­ vide a variety of services. • Hospitals get units for mammography S isters Hospital and Roswell Park Memorial Institute have acquired new state-of-the-art mammography units. Sisters Radiology Department has ac­ quired the I26 Xeroradiography system by Xerox Medical Systems. It provides the radiologists with a superior quality mam­ mographic image compared with conven22 /BUFFALO PHYSICIAN tiona! x-rays. Clinical assistant professor of radiology Or. Eugene Chl<;>sta said the new equipment greatly enhances their di­ agnostic capability because of the system's ability to spot cancer in difficult areas. ''About 10 per cent of all breast cancers are close to the chest wall and are difficult to see using the standard x-ray. Xeroradi­ ography enables us to see small deep le­ sions and nodes that might otherwise be hard to locate." The new 70,000 Phillips mammogra­ phy unit for Roswell Park's Diagnostic Radiology Department generates the lowest radiation dosages reported to date. The unit provides magnified images of the breast, thus enabling the radiologist to de­ tect even the most minute calcifications. The unit guarantees better positioning ease and patient comfort, as well as sig­ nificant improvement of the quality and readability of the x-ray films. • Merger to expand Millard Fillmore M illard Fillmore Hospitals' Presi­ dent jan R. jennings, has an­ nounced further expansion of the Millard Fillmore multi­ hospital system through a proposed merg- er with Inter-Community Memorial Hospital in Newfane. Approval of this merger will increase the Millard Fillmore system to six sites, spanning from Cuba, ew York, near the Pennsylvania border, to Lake Ontario. Millard Fillmore Hospi­ tals was the first multi-hospital system in the State with construction of its subur­ ban Buffalo satellite in 1974. In only the past year, the two-hospital multi has ex­ panded to six sites. ''A special sub-committee of the Inter­ Community Memorial Hospital board of directors was formed in early 1984 to ex­ amine all possible avenues for the future of the hospital. Following months of study, a decision was made to merge with a regional hospital. Millard Fillmore was chosen because of our long standing, ex­ cellent relationship with the hospital through the iagara Frontier Health Serv­ ices Consortium," explained Inter­ Community Memorial Hospital adminis­ trator Ray Clark. As part of the merger agreement, Inter­ Community Memorial will maintain a board of directors and will have represen­ tation on the Millard Fillmore corporate board of directors. "We are very pleased by the decision of Inter-Community Memorial Hospital to merge into the Millard Fillmore multi­ hospital system. We anticipate Millard Fillmore Hospitals and Inter-Community Memorial Hospital will benefit in the areas of financial management, teaching, and overall health services. Most importantly, ewfane and its surrounding communi ­ ties are assured of improved and secure health care for years to come," Mr. jen­ nings said. The merger will allow management functions to be combined in such areas as data processing, personnel administra­ tion and finance, thus eliminating dupli­ cation of services. Further, Inter-Community Memorial will gain a reinforcement and addition of medical and professional services. The merger also will facilitate a wider distribution of costs and reimbursements, and allows the hospitals' residency pro­ gram graduates to set up practice in the Newfane area, while retaining affiliation with Millard Fillmore Hospitals. The merger is expected to be completed in late 1985. • (From Millard Fillmore Hospital's "Reporter," Winter 1985) ' J �Graduates advised to remember goals T By Bruce S. Kershner he 139th Medical School Commencement-and the first such commencement to be held in the University's Alumni Arena-was attended by 1,200 enthusiastic family members and friends. One hundred and fifty medical students received their M.D. degrees, together with 16 who received Ph.D.'s in microbiology, biochemistry, pathology, pharmacology, and biophysics. Honors awards were granted to 28 men and women. Vice President john Naughton, dean of the Medical School, called the convoca­ tion to order. Speaking to the students' fa­ milies and guests, he said, "Many of you attended the first Family Day we held four years ago. Thus we have a longer and closer relationship with you than with many of the families in the past." Dr. Jack Coyne, who became a Cathol­ ic priest before he entered medical school, spoke on the opportunities for personal growth during as well as after medical school in his class speech. He reminded his (now) fellow physi­ cians that the camaraderie and mutual support that helped the 1985 class survive and succeed in medical school should not end with the M.D. Urging his classmates to continue their personal commitment to others throughout their lives, he remind­ ed them that " no one lives to be happy by obtaining that joy from himself." Dr. Coyne also emphasized that no phy­ sician should ever lose the vision of his purpose in life. "The only true happiness comes from living our lives with a pur­ pose." The purpose of, and need for, a physician was brought home by Dr. Coyne in quoting the statement by Dr. Tom Dooley that, "Over half of the earth lives their entire lives without ever seeing a physician." Tying together his points about the need for giving mutual support and a human-oriented purpose and goal in life, Dr. Coyne remarked that "it is so difficult to remain goal-oriented without each others' support. ... Promise yourself to be so strong that nothing can disturb your purpose of mind." Before he concluded, he related his ex­ perience as a clergyman in a Cambodian refugee camp before entering medical school. " 1 was approached by an over­ worked doctor who asked me for as­ sistance. He gave me a stethoscope and told me to just listen to the children's chests and tell him when I heard anything unusual sounding. With great hesitancy, \ J Medical degrees were awarded to 150 UB students. I did what he said. I listened for five minutes, hearing nothing unusual before I realized that the stethoscope's conduct­ ing end had been facing the fresh air-! had been listening to nothing at all! " ' ' Generation At Risk ," the keynote address by Dr. Robert . Butler, was aimed at alerting the audience to the impending crisis in medical care for the growing number of older citizens. Butler is Brookdale Professor and chairman, Department of Geriatrics, at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine. The first director of the ational Institute on Aging is interna­ tionally known for his research and public role in care of the elderly. He won the 1975 Pulitzer Prize for his book, Why Surviue? Being Old in Ameri­ ca. Among his other books is Love and Sex After Sixty. On the National Steer­ ing Committee for the Gray Panthers, he is also on the boards of the National Council on the Aging, Physicians for Social Responsibility, the Alzheimer 's Disease and Related Disorders Associa­ tion , Inc. , the National Ballet Society, six professional journals, and numerous other professional organizations. Besides the Pulitzer Prize, he has been honored as the Meritorious Professor of Gerontology and Geriatrics at Hunter Col­ lege, as one of the Washingtonians of the Year (1976), and by over 20 other awards. Dr. Butler chided the medical commu­ nity for not dealing with the imminent problem of the aging. With all the effort of the last 25 years on socialized medicine, rising health costs, malpractice and other legal , social and political issues, Dr. Bu­ tler declared that " we haven't prepared ourselves for the greatest challenge of all : the Longevity Revolution ." He explained that life expectancy has increased 25 years since 1900, a true revo­ lution considering a 5000-year trend of minimal improvement in longevity. " Eighty per cent of all deaths now oc­ cur after 60 years of age. The 80 + year­ old group is the most rapidly rising age group," he commented. The " Longevity Revolution" has been caused by two major factors, Dr. Butler remarked. The first is the reduction in in­ fant mortality due to advances in technol­ ogy and medical knowledge. The second is related to the preventive effect caused by Medicare (and public education), SEPTEMBER 1985/23 �resulting in drops in cancer and heart dis­ ease since 1960. "The Longevity Revolution is one of the greatest social, political, cultural, and eco­ nomic challenges of our time," he stated. "I ask this graduating class to be part of the leadership in dealing with this revo­ lution." Dr. Butler pointed out that the next group to become part of this revolution is the large population of now middle aged citizens who will reach retirement age by 2000, including the parents of the 150 new doctors in the commencement hall. Since the next group after that will be this decade's graduating classes, "you will be the greatest beneficiaries of that revolution," Butler told the graduates. He identified six areas that the medical community and society must concentrate on if the "Longevity Revolution" is not to become a crisis. "In the educational sphere, we must have systematic training programs in geri­ atrics," he advised, adding, "but I am against creating a geriatrician. Instead, we A graduate signs the Book ofPhysi­ cians at the 139tb Medical School Commencement_ must incorporate geriatric principles into all the disciplines." Then he noted that "not a cent of Medicare support for resi­ dent programs has ever gone to geriatric training. "We must also work as an interdiscipli24/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN Cheers offamily and friends greet a graduate as be receives his hood. nary team for the geriatric patient. Medi­ cine for old age is infinitely more complex than that for the middle aged. "At the same time, we must continue to support programs that emphasize disease prevention and health promotion. In the area of policy, we must develop a long term plan and foster rehabilitation pro­ grams to enhance the quality of life. "It is essential to work for solutions through health research, and to increase aging research. Our goal should be to gain control over the mechanisms of senes­ cence and immunity. "Lastly, we must try to deal with the group who will receive the greatest im­ pacts of infirmity- the family." He stressed that families, and society as a whole, will have ro bear the burden of the aged's health care needs, a ponderous responsi­ bility for which they must prepare now. Dr. Butler reminded the audience of our avoidance tendency by quoting Marcel Proust, "Old age is one of those realities that we retain the longest as an ab­ straction." After the keynote address, Dr. Maritza Alvarado, as editor of the Iris, announced its dedication to Dr. Charles Severin, as­ sistant professor of anatOmical sciences. The coordinator of the Medical School's Gross Anatomy course was a 1984 Siegel Teaching Awardee and also won five teaching awards while at the University of Texas. Dr. Severin opened his response by commenting, "One of my first goals has been to never forget what it is like to be a student. I've tried never ro forget that. "Now you former medical students will have the role of teacher of both patients and students. "Remember to demand only the very best but also to treat each student, each person, with respect for his or her abili­ ties," he urged. He also called on the students to apply this attitude to members of the Other med­ ical professions that physicians must work with. ''As Dr. Michael Debakey once said, 'On many occasions, a quick thinking nurse saved my neck.' " Following Dr. Severin's response, Dr. Peter Ostrow, associate dean, gave the Charge of Maimonldes, and Dr. john Naughton delivered the Oath of Hippo­ crates. Provost William Greiner conferred the degrees while Drs. Robert Mcisaac, Ed­ ward Carr, and james Hassett hooded the new M.D.'s. Each new doctor appeared on the plat­ form to the accompaniment of his or her own cheering section, as applause reverberated from one corner of the vast chamber to another. After all medical graduates had signed the Book of Physicians and doctoral degrees had been conferred by Dr. Alex­ ander Brownie, Dr. Thomas Flanagan an­ nounced the honor awards (see listing). • �TS sistant professor of social and preventive medicine here commented, " I t is unusual for a student to receive this grant, which is usually awarded to faculty." Straus will use fellowship in Peru U B fourth-year medical student Walter Lee Straus was awarded a SmithKline Beckman Medical Perspectives Fellowship for 114,062. He was one of onl y 33 to receive the fellowship which is funded by the Na­ tional Fund for Medical Education. Dr. Tim Byers, Straus' advisor and as- Mr. Straus, a nati ve of New York City, will travel to the Institute for utritional Investigation in Lima, Peru, to develop an education program on infant and child nutrition in th t country. The Medical Perspectives Fellowship Program, now in its eighth year, is ad- ministered by the ational Fund for Med­ ical Education and supported by a grant from SmithKline Beckman Corporation, a health care and technological company. NFME was chartered by Congress in 1954 to mobilize vol untary support for medi­ cal education . It has awarded over 1158 million to educational institutions and or­ ganizations dedicated to improving med­ ical education. This year's fellowships • totalled over $101,000. The following awards were announced at the Medical School Commencement: MEDICAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION AWARD community commitment John Coyne DAVID K. MILLER PRIZE IN MEDICINE demonstration of Dr. Miller's approach to caring for the sick - competence, humility, humanity David Forster Shirley Anain BERNARD H. SMITH MEMORIAL AWARD IN CLINICAL NEUROLOGY academic excellence in clinical Neurology Christopher Lander Margaret Reidy DR. CYRENIUS CHAPIN AWARD achievement in clinical sciences Paul Berkowitz David O'Neil Carl Turissini JOHN R. PAINE AWARD IN SURGERY research of merit in the general field of Surgery Phelps Kip CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL PRIZE excellence in understanding disease in childhood Lynda Stidham MARK A. PETRINO AWARD demonstrated interest and aptitude for the general practice of Medicine Margaret Libby Debra Salter CLYDE L. RANDALL SOCIETY AWARD IN GYNECOLOGY-OBSTETRICS academic excellence Randall Rosenthal EMILIE DAVIS RODENBERG MEMORIAL AWARD - academic excellence in study of diabetes, its complications Timothy Wacker PHILIP P. SANG MEMORIAL AWARD ability to relate well to patients, faculty and staff John Bowen John Fudyma THESIS HONORS Alan Finkel BACCELLI AWARD most outstanding academic performance in the clinical years Christopher Lander Timothy Wacker GILBERT M. BECK MEMORIAL PRIZE IN PSYCHIATRY - academic excellence Roseann Russo BUFFALO SURGICAL SOCIETY PRIZE IN SURGERY academic excellence - junior, senior years DEAN'S AWARD participation in extra-curricular activities the Medical School while maintaining a high standard of academic excellence I I 1n DR. AUSTIN FLINT AWARDS achievement in basic sciences Christopher Lander Elizabeth Maher Timothy Wacker JANET M. GLASGOW AWARD academic superiority for women Elizabeth Maher JANET M. GLASGOW CITATIONS academic excellence for women Darlene Eldredge Roseann Russo Elaine Schaaf Lynda Stidham MORRIS & SADIE STEIN NEUROANATOMY Christopher Lander AWARD - excellence in Neuroanatomy UPJOHN AWARD research ability Blackford Middleton BERNHARDT & SOPHIE B. GOTTLEIB AWARD - expertise in areas outside of Medicine Joel Shugar JOHN WATSON AWARD IN MEDICINE enthusiasm for and commitment to scholarship in Medicine Lawrence Fisher NORMAN HABER MEMORIAL AWARD for proficiency in Otolaryngology Margaret Reidy Oonald H. Tingley DR. HEINRICH LEONHARDT PRIZE IN SURGERY - academic excellence Frank Lacqua E.J. WEISENHEIMER AWARD excellence in scholarship and patient care in Ophthalmology Kevin Donovan Christopher Lander FREDERICK B. WILKES PEDIATRIC AWARD - to the graduating student entering a career in Pediatrics who has best exemplified Dr. Wilkes' skills and dedication to patients Thomas Szalkowski LIBERMAN AWARD interest, aptitude in the study of Anesthesiology HANS J. LOWENSTEIN AWARD IN OBSTETRICS - academic excellence Shirley Vandermey Galucki Paul Alan Berkowitz MAIMONIDES MEDICAL SOCIETY AWARD most outstanding academic performance in the basic science years John Leddy DR. LOUIS SKLAROW AWARD for oustanding peformance and achievement (presented June 26) SEPTEMBER 1985/25 �Medical Alumni Association President's Message Our theme for this message is communication, and as A.T.&T. so aptly says, we are planning, "to reach out to touch someone" - you. Your Board of Directors has decid­ ed to encourage the formulation of alumni chapters. To initiate this, our association is planning to have a cocktail party and a video-taped presentation of the progressive programs at the Medical School at various specialty meetings such as: American Academy of Family Phy­ sicians in Anaheim, California - Oc­ tober 10-13; American College of Surgeons in Chicago, Illinois - Oc­ tober 13-18 and American College of Cardiology in Atlanta, Georgia March 9-13. Your enthusiasm could help to promote interest in the formation of satellite chapters in various geo­ graphic areas. This could lead to an input of your ideas into the na­ tional medical alumni association. The Spring Clinical Day on May 10, 1986 would be an ideal time for our "ex-officio board mem­ bers" to get together with us in Buffalo. Your President and the Board Members would like to have you respond to any idea you read in this editorial or ideas about Spring Clinical Day. Let's communicate! Charles Tanne r, Jr. , M.D. Class of 1943 26/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN a: w <!l z :::> 0 <!l :::> I § ~ L---~L---~-----L----~------~----~--~~--~----~~----~ Participating in the Spri ng Clinical Day were, from left, John A. Riche rt, Charles J. Tanne r, D ean John Naughton and Carmelo S. A rmen ia. Transplant surgeons discuss advances ' 'T By Bruce S. Kershner here was this woman who was discovered to be mis­ sing a sixth chromosome and was a universal organ donor. Then an ailing mafiosa king, in need of several organ transplants, disco­ vered her and chased her all over the country. It all ended happily, however, with the woman running off with a trans­ plant surgeon into the sunset." So described Byers Shaw. M.D., one of the speakers at the 1985 Spring Clinical Day, humorously referring to an interest­ ing novel he came across a while ago. While the novel clearly presented too romantic and rosy a picture, all the promi­ nent transplant surgeons who spoke at the UB Medical Alumni Association's major annual event agreed that recent advances indicate an optimistic prognosis for organ transplantation. Dr. Shaw was one of six major guest speakers at the <18th Annual Spring Clini­ cal Day, held May 4 at the Buffalo Marri­ ott Inn. Occurring on the same day were the alumni reunions of ten UB Medical School classes and the Scientific Exhibits Program featuring 21 exhibits by area phy­ sicians and medical researchers (see separate articles). Moderated by Frank Bolgan (M'51), clin­ ical associate professor of surgery, the scientific program focused on the status and future of organ transplantation. Up­ dates and comparisons of kidney, liver. heart, and lung transplantation were presented with the keynote address focus­ ing on the ethical issues surrounding or­ gan transplantation (see separate article). T he program provided the several hundred attendees with an unusual opportunity to compare differences and difficulties between various types of or­ gan transplants, as described by the lead­ ing specialists. The first successful kidney transplant, explained William E. Braun, M.D., oc­ curred in 195'!, nine years before the first successful transplant of any other type of organ. Only identical twins were used for renal transplants during the first five years, a period during which it was learned that the original disease of a patient could recur after a transplant. 1960 was a his tor- �ical vear when a hemodialysis unit for renal tranplant patients became the world's first artificial support system. Dr. Braun reviewed the process of re­ jection and the donor-matching proce­ dure that became refined after non-identical twin renal transplants began in 1959. Dr. Braun is director of the Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory and chief of the Medical Renal Transplantation Service of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. In one year, 196.3, both the first success­ ful lung and liver transplants took place. The first heart transplants waited until 1967, but the first heart/lung transplant wasn't accomplished until 1981. Patterns of frequency of organ trans­ plants were similar for liver, lung, and heart transplants. An initial flurry of trans­ plants in the first several years was fol­ lowed by a marked decline in frequency as low survival rates led to discourage­ ment about the desirability of types of transplants. Dr. Shaw is assistant professor of surgery at the University of Pittsburgh. The frequency pattern for renal trans­ plants, however, did not show the same temporary decline because of greater suc­ cess rates. For example, survival rates for kidney transplants in 1975 had risen to 90-95 per cent (for transplants of organs from living donors), while the liver trans­ plant survival rate in 1978 was only 50 per cent for one year and 26 per cent over six years. Rates for heart and lung transplants were even lower. This all changed, however, when the immunosuppressant cyclosporine was in­ troduced in 1980. The revolutionary drug led to a sudden increase in all transplants. By 1985, survival rates for liver and heart transplants hovered around 75 per cent and 65-70 per cent for heart/lung trans­ plants. Dr. Shaw declared that "cyclospo­ rine should no longer be considered experimental but instead the standard regimen for most transplant patients." Cyclosporine, Dr. Braun explained, not only lowers rejection but also shortens hospital stays from 21 down to 12 days. It is not without its disadvantages, though. It is nephrotoxic, possibly even with sub­ threshold doses, a particular concern for renal transplant patients. Furthermore, its absorption rate differs for each patient and it is contra-indicated by a dozen or so major drugs such as cimetidine and acy- Colleagues view an exhibit at the Spring Clinical Day. clovir, and with hypertension patients. A rebound effect is another hazard, since "withdrawal of cyclosporine results in serious rejections," Dr. Braun points out. Cyclosporine's other disadvantage is economic. Its 55000 annual cost to a sin­ gle patient is not paid for by the govern­ ment, commented discussant Dr. Duane Freier, l'B professor of surgery and head of surgery at Buffalo General Hospital. Dr. Joginder Bhayana, l'B associate professor of surgery and director of the transplant program for l1B's affiliated hospitals, provided perspective on the economic costs of transplants: "The thing that all the organ transplant critics over­ look is that the cost of all heart transplants performed around the world every year is equal to only one-tenth the cost of a sin­ gle nuclear submarine." Another statistic coming out of the meeting is that in 198.3, 2000 people do­ nated kidneys, hearts, livers, and lungs, out of 22,000 potential donors. Over half of the donors were heart donors. While criteria for kidney donors and recipients are relatively flexible, criteria for other organ donors and recipients are much more severe, with lung donors be­ ing the most difficult to locate, Dr. Jack Cooper commented. He is head of the Di­ vision of Thoracic Surgery at Toronto General Hospital and the l'niversity of Toronto. Heart transplant candidates, Cooper said, must be less than 50-years-old with less than one year expected survival, but otherwise healthy in non-cardiological respects. Dr. Bruce Reitz pointed out, however, there are more candidates be­ tween 54- and 6'!-years-old than there are between 10 and 54. Dr. Reitz is professor of surgery and chief cardiac surgeon at Johns Hopkins. Two criteria common to several of the organ transplants are not based on physi­ cal conditions. Drs. Bhayana and Shaw stressed that transplant candidates must have sufficient family and social support to enhance their care and chances of recovery. The other criterion is that the patient's mental state be relatively healthy. "The patient must have the ability to ac­ cept the procedure, understand its impli­ cations, and assume its cost," Dr. Bhayana noted. The history of Buffalo's role in organ tranplantation was brought up by the speakers. For instance, Dr. Reitz explained, a Buffalo woman was the first successful recipient of a heart/lung transplant in 1981. The pioneering efforts of Dr. Gerd Cropp, UB professor of pediatrics, led to the first heart/lung transplant in a cystic fibrosis patient (also a Buffalo resident) performed in 1983 in Pittsburgh. SEPTEMBER 1985/27 �U B's Dr. Bhayana reviewed Buffalo's program. UB's first heart transplant occurred on May 14, 1984 at Veterans Ad­ ministration Medical Center. The most re­ cent of the six performed to date took place last April 20. Four of the six, includ­ ing the first heart transplant patient, are still alive. Three other patients were wait­ ing for transplants at the time of the con­ ference. Heart transplant operations have also been performed at Buffalo General Hospital and an agreement is being negotiated to enable a non-veteran to be operated on at Veterans' Administration Medical Center. Other discussants at the ali-day event Dr. Theodore J ew e tt (M '45) address­ ing Spri ng Clin ica l Day a udience. were Dr. Roland Anthone (M'50), clinical professor of surgery and co-chairman of Buffalo General's transplant program; Dr. John Vance, clinical associate professor of medicine and director, Pulmonary Labora­ tory, Millard Fillmore Hospital; and A. Theodore Jewett (M'45), professor of sur­ gery and pediatrics and associate chair­ man of Children's Hospital's Department of Pediatric Surgery. Outgoing Medical Alumni Association President Carmelo Armenia (M'49) and University Vice Presi­ dent John Naughton welcomed the at­ tendees. With all the statistics, clinical compari­ sons and facts, Dr. Shaw reminded the au­ dience of the fundamental point. Showing a slide of a reunion of child liver trans­ plant patients with their doctors, Dr. Shaw pronounced, "We should all remember we are not just talking about numbers, but about lives." • 28/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN Tanner elected alumni president C harles]. Tanner, M.D., was elected president of UB's Medical Alumni As­ sociation at Spring Clinical Day, May 5. Dr. Tanner received his medical degree here in 1943 and is also a graduate of St. Bonaventure University. He trained in sur­ gery at Erie County's Meyer Hospital and then went into the U.S. Army where he served as commanding officer of an over­ seas station hospital. Upon return to Buffa­ lo he completed his surgical residencies at Roswell Park and the Veterans Adminis­ tration and was a fellow in cardiovascu­ lar surgery at UB. Dr. Tanner opened his office at 2705 South Park Ave. in Lackawanna in 1950 and has been on the surgical staffs of Mer­ cy Hospital, Our Lady of Victory, Sisters Hospital, Millard Fillmore Hospital, and Emergency Hospital. Dr. Tanner is a Fel­ low of the American college of Surgeons and a member of the Roswell Park Surgi­ cal Society, International College of Sur­ geons, American College of Abdominal Surgeons, American Geriatric Society, American College of Angiology, and the Associations of American Railroad Sur­ geons and Military Surgeons. Other 1985-86 alumni offiers are the new vice president, john E. Przylucki, M.D., a UB clinical instructor of surgery and Williamsville resident; and the new treasurer, Franklin Zeplowitz, M.D., a South Buffalo general and pediatric surgeon. The UB Medical Alumni Association founded in 1875, represents almost 4,000 alumni who practice medicine in 47 states, Puerto Rico, and other countries. • Koreishi's exhibit wins first place F irst prize for best medical scienti­ fic exhibit went to Faruk Koreishi, M.D., at the Annual Spring Clini­ cal Day Exhibits Program. The May 4 event at the Marriott Hotel is the major program sponsored by the Medical Alum­ ni Association. Dr. Koreishi's award-winning exhibit portrayed and described the modern treatment of macular degeneration, a weakening of the eye's retinal cells and the leading cause of blindness in adults over the age of 60 in the U.S. His treatment uses the krypton laser, now believed to be the most effective treatment of a major form of macular degeneration. Dr. Koreishi was the first to introduce the krypton laser in Buffalo in August 1983 for the purpose of treating eye disease. Sandra Boglione was the exhibit's photographer. Dr. Koreishi, clinical assistant professor of ophthalmology. has had fellowships at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Albany Medical Center. A Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, he is also a member of the N.Y. State Ophthal­ mological Society and the American Academy of Ophthalmology. He maintains a private practice in Amherst. A scientific exhibit created by John Zoll, M.D., and his Roswell Park Memorial In­ stitute colleagues won Second Prize in the competition, which included 21 exhibits. Their entry described a state of the art method of taking a brain cancer biopsy. Drs. Jaya Ghoorah, Koshiaki Tsukada, Charles West, and Prama Luther, all UB medical faculty, helped prepare the exhibit. Third Prize was presented to Charles Wiles, M.D. (Class of '45), and James Cogriff, Jr., M.D., UB clinical assistant professor of surgery, for an exhibit on di­ agnosing choledochal cysts. A sample of some of the other exhibits included: • "Computerized Instruction at the Bedside" by Dr. Donald Copley, clinical assistant professor of medicine. • "The SUNY Buffalo Medical School Heart Transplant Program" by Dr. joginder Bhayana, associate professor of surgery, and seven colleagues. • "The Use of Moh's Surgery in the Treatment of Skin Cancers" by Dr. john Phelan, clinical assistant professor of sur­ gery and family medicine; Dr. Halina Mil­ grom, clinical assistant professor of dermatology; B. Dale Wilson, assistant professor of dermatology; and Dr. joseph Buecker, all of Roswell Park. • "Posterior Neck Dissection" by Dr. Keun Lee, assistant professor of otolaryn­ gology, and Dr. Don Duplan, clinical as­ sistant instructor of otolaryngology. • "Heart-Lung Transplantation in Cys­ tic Fibrosis" by Dr. Gerd Cropp, profes­ sor of pediatrics, and five associates. • �THE NUMBER OF DUES-PAYING MEDICAL ALUMNI INCREASED FOR FISCAL YEAR JULY 1984 JULY 1985: Thank you to the 1,324 dues-paying Medical Alumni listed here. A special thanks to the nine reunion classes-1935, 1940, 1945, 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975-who contributed $125,000 to the Medical School. \X'endell R. Ames john F. Argue \X'illiard H. Bernhoft Russell F. Brace Raymond H. Bunshaw Benjamin Coleman Kenneth H. Eckhert Gasper J. Fatta :\Iaurice B. Furlong Leo N. Kuczmarski Victor B Lampka james .\lark Bennie 1\l ecklin Charles E. Moran Daniel D. Peschio Francis \\'. Ryan Clayton G. \\'eig George S. Young .. Marvin L. Amdur .\l:trtin A. Ange lo john G. Ball Richard C. Batt A. J. Bellanca A l fred Chern· Edward G. Eschner Willard G . Fischer jerome J. Glauber Irving Hclfert Frank C. Hoak T h omas F. Houston Eli A. Leven Wi lliam F. Lipp T homa s C. McDonough V ictor L. Pe lli ca no Haro ld F. Wherley Kenneth M. Alford john Ambrusko William L. Ball Charles F. Banas Francis E. Ehret Theodore C. Flemm ing Stanley]. jackson George F. Koepf Angelo Lapi Rose M. Lenahan Robert \X'. Lipsett Alice Challen Lograsso james D. MacCallum Paul J. Maloney M. Luther Musselman Norton Shapiro Irving Weiner Da\'id H. Weintra ub William F. White Charles J. \'V'oeppel Charles F. Becker Russell J. Catalano James R. Cole George :'.1 Cooper Charles Donatell i Norman J Foit C. M . Furtherer Alexander L. K inbaum Harry C. Law Samuel L. Lieberman Alfred A . Mitchell H . Robert Oeh ler Eustace G. Phillies Maxwell Rosenb latt \\ 'a lter L. Sydoriak R1chard N. Terry 3 19 5 from left: front row, Floyd W. Hoffman, Wendell R. Ames, Willard H. Bernhoft, Kenneth H. Eckhert, Daniel D. Peschio, Bernard Drexler and Leo N. Kuczmarski; se­ cond row, John F. Argue, Benjamin Coleman, Richard M. McNerney, Maurice B. Furlong, Robert J. Krug, Carl A . Stettenbenz and Bennie Meeklin, and third row, Clayton G. Weig, Russell F. Brace, Francis W. Ryan and George S. Young. Carlos C. Alden, Jr. Grosvenor \'V': Bissell LaMoyne C. B leich George C. Brad~ Ruth C. Burton Alfred H. Dobrak William Dugan Matt A. Ga jewski Kenneth Goldstein Man· in Mogil john F. .\lontro} Elizabeth P O l msted A. \'. Postoloff Frank T. Ri forgiato Roy E. Seibel .\! arvin Siegel John]. Squadrito Franklin E. Waters Everett H. Wesp :\! ar vin N. Winer julian J. Ascher john M. Ben n) Mi l ford N. Childs Marshall Clinton , Jr. H erbert H . Ecc leston Wi ll iam H i ldeb rand, Jr. Bernard \X'. juvclier Evan \X'. Molyneaux Warren R. Montgomery, Jr. Harold Palanker Russell E. Reitz Norbert J. Roberts Robert H. Roehl james P. Schaus, Jr. C. Henry Severson Allan W. Siegner Wi ll iam 0. l ' miker Stanley T. Crban John D. White joseph T. Aquilina Berten C. Bean Robert n. Byrne Anthony J. Cooper Robert W. Edmonds George A. Gentner Pasquale A . Greco Arno ld G ross Donald W. Hall Eugene J. Hanavan, Jr. Harold L. Kl einman Daniel J. McCue Frederick E. Mott john J. 0 'Brien SEPTEMBE R 1985/29 �Allen A. Pierce john T. Pitkin Roman Shubert Anthony ). Virgo Philip B. Wels Leonard Wolin Floyd M. Zaepfel .. 1945 from left: front row, Paul B. Cotter, Jacob M. Steinhart, Herbert E. Joyce, Ivan W. Kuhl, William N. Mcintosh, Earl K. Cantwell, Alton A. Germain and Ge­ orge A. Poda; second row, Vito P. Laglia, George W. Fugitt, Edward G. Forgrave, DeanJohn Naughton (guest), Charles E. Wiles, Kornell Terplen (guest), O.P. Jones (guest), Williams S. Andaloro, William D. Loeser and Richard M. Greenwald; third row, Raymond S. Barry, Frederic D. Regan, Richard H. Adler, Joseph Tannenhaus, Peter Terzian, Gilbert B. 1)!bring, Robert C. Schopp, John P. Long, William J. Rogers, Jane Brady Wiles, Victor C. Lazarus, John G. Robinson and Edward L. Valentine, and back row, George M. Ellis,Norman Chassin,John K. Quin­ livan, Leslie A. Osborn, Hilton R. Jacobson, John E Hart­ man, K. Joseph Sheedy, Wayne C. Templer, Donald N. Groff, Joseph E. Rutecki and William R. Taylor. 1940 from left: front row, John Benny, Stanley Urban, Bernard Juvelier, William Hildebrand, C. Henry Sever­ son and Harold Palanker, and back row, Robert Roehl, Julian Ascher, Albert Rekate, Edward Eppers, James Schaus, John Zoll, Milford Childs and Warren Mont­ gomery. 30/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN Albert J. Addessa Horace L. Battaglia Charles A. Bauda Kent L. Brown Vincent S. Cotroneo George L. Eckhert \X'illiam ). Follette Aloysius A. Kalinowski Harrison M. Karp Diana D. Kibler Boris L. Marmolya Richard Milazzo Vincent J. Parlante john D. Persse, Jr. Edward L. Schwabe William ). Staubitz .. Ralph T. Behling Paul K. Birtch ~1arvin L. Bloom Richard ). Buckley Ivan L. Bunnell Louis F. Ciola Paul A. Cline Alfred S. Evans L. Water Fix B. joseph Galdys Stewart L. Griggs john P. Guinther joseph V. Hammel Edgar A. Haunz Richard). jones Ruth F. Krauss Melbourne H. Lent Anthony ). ~1arano Ronald E. Martin George Marvin Robert C. McCormick Franklin Meyer Amos). Minkel, Jr. Robert W. Moyce john C. Ninfo Kevin M. O'Gorman Walter R. Petersen Adrian J. Pleskow Col. Bradley W. Prior Charles C. B. Richards joseph ). Rtcotta athan P. Segel Gene D. Sherrill Ralph E. Smith, Jr. Winslow P. Stratemeyer Gertrude S. Swarthout james W. Taft Charles). Tanner, Jr. Hazel J. Trefts Louis A. Trovato Morris Unher joseph A. Valvo LaVerne G. Wagner john R. Williams Paul). Wolfgruber Anthony M. Aquilina Willard H. Boardman Raymond G. Bondi Clifford F. Bramer, Jr. Robert L. Brown Eileen L. Edelberg Herman Edelberg Richard W. Egan Newland W. Fountain Thomas F. Frawley Frank T. Frost Andrew A. Gage Irwin A. Ginsberg Harold P. Graser Raymond A. Hudson Sidney R. Kennedy, Jr. Frank H. Long, Jr. Federico ). Maestre Francis C. Marchetta William A. Potts joseph Ross Sidney M. Schaer Carrol J. Shaver Walter F. Stafford, Jr. Clinton H. Strong james R. Sullivan Paul L. Weygandt R. G. Wilkinson, Jr. Richard H. Adler William S. Andaloro Bruce F. Baisch Raymond S. Barry Norman Chassin Paul B. Cotter George M. Ellis, Jr. Edward G. Forgrave �George W. Fugitt, Jr. A. Arthur Grabau Richard M. Greenwald Donald N Groff John F. Hartman Hilton R. Jacobson James H. Johnson Herbert E. Joyce Vito P Laglia Victor C. Lazarus William D. Loeser William N. Mcintosh Leslie A. Osborn George A. Poda John K. Quinlivan Frederic D. Regan John G. Robinson William J. Rogers III Albert J. Rosso Lillian E. Rowan Joseph E. Rutecki Robert C. 'ichopp David ]. ~haheen K. joseph ~heedy Jacob '\.1. ~teinhart RO) Swartout, III \X'illiam R. Taylor Wayne C. Templer George Thorngate IV Gilbert B. Tybring Edward L. Valentine Charles E. \X iles jane B. Wiles John G. Allen Charles D. Bauer Donato ]. Carbone Alexander R. Cowper john T. Crissey Lawrence II. Golden Edward F. Gudgel Ross Imburgia Carl]. lmpellitier Charles A. Joy Harold ]. Levy Eugene M. Marks Maynard H. Mires, Jr. R. joseph "laples Harry Petzing Amo ]. Piccoli Herbert ~- Pirson Albert G. Rowe Henry M. Tardif W. William Tornow Myron E. Williams, Jr. Bruce D. Babcock \\'illiams C. Baker Edward S. Breakell \Xilliam M. Bukowski Ste\·en G. Cline ]. Desmond Coughlin Daniel E. Curtin Williams S. Edgecomb Robert ]. Ehrenreich Elbert Hubbard III Robert M. Jaeger Peter]. Julian Hans F Kipping Richard J. Marchand Anthony S. Merlino Hallie B. Mont Donald C. Nuwer James F. Phillips Philip L Reitz Arthur J. Schaefer Robert L. Segal john B. ~hcffer james F. STagg joseph C. Todoro Jerome I. Tokars Victor C. Welch, Jr Frederick D. Whiting Donald B. Thomas Edward C. Voss, Jr. Gertrude L. Waite Anne A. \X'asson William S. Webster Sidney B. Weinberg Myra R. Zinke Eugene J. Zygaj Rebecca G. Solomon Edward R. Stone Paul Weinberg ::,. Paul Zola Frances R. Abel Carmclo S. Armenia ]. Bradley Aust, Jr. Alfred Berl Harold Bernhard Manuel H. Brontman Lawrence !\1. Carden Julia M. Cullen Joseph E. Griffin Arthur ~1ogerman jacqueline L Paroski Frank A. Pfalzer, Jr. Robert D. Sanford !\lax A. Schneider Fred '>halwitz Rober G. '>mith james D. Stuart Pierce Weinstein james A. Werick Charles]. Wolfe ' James G. Borman !\1ichael Dzubaty Daniel J. Fahey \X illiam F. Gallivan, Jr. joseph P. Gambacorta Raphael ~- (,ood !\lyron Gordon Harold L. Graff Robert J. Hall \X'arren L. Hollis Ralph A. Kilby judith B. Landau Vernon C. Lubs john J. Marinaccio Ansel R. Martin Norman Minde Raymond E. Moffitt Darwin D. Moore Kenneth Niswander l\orman L. Paul Francis J. Peisel Cletus J. Regan Thomas C. Regan Lester H. Schiff Edgar C. Smith Irwin Solomon Seymour Aberle Roland Anthone Sidney Anthone Lawrence D. Renken Robert A Benninger Robert E. Bergner George P. Bisgeier James ]. Brandl Charles Brody Grace B. Busch Carl A Cecilia Frank Chambers, Jr. Flossie Cohen James A. Curtin Adclmo P Dunghe. Jr. James C. Dunn Carmen D. Gelormini Sergio R. Irizarry Robert N. Kling Richard J. Leberer Karl L. Manders Patricia A. Meyer Robert ]. Patterson Henry L. Pech, Jr. Roy W Robinson Clarence E. Sanford Helen F. Sikorski Hyman Tetewsky I jay B. Belsky Frank J. Bolgan August A. Bruno Carl R. Conrad I lan-ey D. Davis Eli Engel William S Glassman Allen L. Goldfarb Myron C. Greengold Mark E. Heerdt Ludwig R. Koukal Harold P Krueger Eugene \'. Leslie james \'. Loverde Thomas J. Murphy john L. Musser Daniel A. Phillips Donald P Pinkel Marvin ]. PleskO\\ Robert E. Ploss Melvin C. Reinhard, Jr. Milton Robinson Gerald E. Schultz Robert L. Secrist Adolph Smith Bernard Smolens Eugene M. Teich james W. Weigel Lester E. Wolcott Donald J. Adams john ]. Banas Robert A. Baumler Alvin]. Brown Lawrence]. Comfort Bruce F. Connell Barbara G. Corley Donald F. Dohn Melvm B. Oyster Neal W. Fuhr Albert A. Gartner, Jr. joseph E. Genewich Donald J. Kelley Melvin R. Krohn Milton C. Lapp SEPTEMBER 1985/31 �Eugene W. Loeser, Jr. Colin C. MacLeod Victor A. Panaro John Y. Ranchoff Harry B. Richards Travers Robbins James N. Schmitt Byron E. Sheesley S. Aaron Simpson Donald H. Sprecker Oliver J. Steiner Burton Stulberg James Irme Szabo Roy]. Thurn S. Jefferson Underwood Kurt J. Wegner William ]. Howard Eugene C. Hyzy Benjamin C. Jenkins John A. Kutrybala jacob Lemann, Jr. Allen L. Lesswing Lucille M. Lewandowski Sylvia G. Lizlovs Charles H. Marino Ernest H. Meese Donald ]. Murray N. Allen Norman Harry T. Oliver Walter A. Olszewski Edward A. Rayhill Edwin B. Tomaka Marlyn W. Voss Paul L. Weinmann Donald M. Wilson Stanley L. Cohen Thomas Comerford, Jr. Felix A. Delerme Donald L. Ehrenreich Sander H. Fogel Thomas G. Geoghegan Jack Gold john W. Handel Jerome E. Hurley Curtis C. Johnson Herbert E. Lee Edmund A. Mackey Milford C. Maloney Richard ]. agel James M. Orr Bertram A. Porrin Donald 0. Rachow joseph F. Ruh Molly R. Seidenberg Howard C. Smith, Jr. Harold Smulyan John N. Strachan Michael A. Sullivan Reinhold A. Ullrich .. David H. Abel Irwin]. Averbach Eugene L. Beltrami joseph L. Campo icholas C. Carosella Louis C. Cloutier John L. Conboy Robert D. Foley Byron A. Genner III Florence M. Hanson Edward W. Hohensee Arthur Y. Hoshino 32/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN 1950 from left: front row, Adelmo P. Dunghe, Patricia A. Meyer, HelenE Sikorski, James C. Dunn, Myra R. Zinke andJoseph M. Mattimore; second row, RobertJ. Patter­ son, Roy W. Robinson, Robert A. Benninger, Clarence E. Sanford, Richard J. Leberer and Leo E. Manning, and back row, Donald B. Thomas, Roland Anthone, Henry L. Pech and James J. Brandl. Laurence T. Beahan Richard A. Carlson Vincent S. Celestino James R. Collins Louis R. Conti Lloyd Damsey C. Daniel Fagerstrom Albert A. Franco Frank ]. Gazzo Michael ]. Gianturco joseph Gordon Cleora K. Handel Alan C. Harrer Sami A. Hashim Kathryn M. Keicher John H. Kent S. joseph Lamancusa Gary J. Mastman Winifred G. Mernan George L. Mye, Jr. john H. Peterson Leonard R. Schaer Anthony B. Schiavi Ray G. Schiferle, Jr. Robert A. Smith James G. Stengel Marrin C. Terplan Barbara Von Schmidt David F. Weppner Eugene B. Whitney John A. Winter Donald A. Wormer 1955 from left: front row, Eugene B. Whitney, John C. Read, Louis R. Conti, Alan C. Harter andJames M. Gar­ vey; second row, Vincent S. Celestino, Anthony B. Schia­ vi, Winifred G. Mernan, Richard A. Carlson, Cleora K. Handel, John H. Kent, Albert Alfred Franco, and back row, FrankJ. Gazzo, MichaelJ. Gianturco,John E Foley, James R. Nunn, Ray G. Schiferle,John A. Winter, Martin Terplan,James R. Collins, John H. Peterson and Donald A. Wormer. •• George]. Alker, Jr. John D. Barrels M. David Ben-Asher Helen E. Buerger Robert B. Corretore Peter S. D 'Arrigo Mark A. Dentiger �1960 from left: front row, Thomas J. Guttuso, Daniel A. Goldberg, Eugene P. Rivera, GerardJ. Diesfeld, Eugene T. Partridge and Donald J. Coleman; second row, CharlesJ. Riggio, Daniel T. Gianturco,James R. Kanski, RogerS. Dayer, Franklin Glockner, Joseph A. Chazan and Edward J. Graber, and standing, George B. Pfoertner, Theodore Bistany, Donald A. Hammel, Joseph G. Antko­ wiak, Francis J. Klocke, Daniel A. Rakowski, Robert L. Malatesta, DavidN. Mesches,JohnA. Tuyn, Andre D. Las­ cari, Robert T. Guelcher, Algirdas Gamziukas, Robert H. Sauer, DonaldJ. Donius,JohnM. Budzinski, Thomas H. Wits chi, William J. Stein, Harry L. Metcalf and Harold Brody (guest). Richard R. Gacek Edmond ]. Gicewicz Peter F. Goergen, Jr. Frederick P. Goldstein Dennis P. Heimback John M. Hodson Oliver P. Jones, Sr. Joseph L. Kunz Thomas Luparello, Jr. Sue A. McCutcheon Robert G. Mcintosh Frederick C. Nuessle Robert Ollodart Hugh F. O'Neill Jordon S. Popper Erick Reeber Robert E. Reisman Paul C. Ronca Bernard H. Sklar Herbert Tanney Axel W. Anderson Paul L. Archambeau Julian Barker Bronson M. Berghorn Benny Celniker Marvin N. Eisenberg Gerald Friedman Myron Garsenstein Barbara ]. Hetzer Harris H. Kane! joseph F. Kij, Jr. Harvey Z. Klein Charles E. Lowe Ross Markello Herbert Metsch Richard F. Miller Charles F. O'Connor Richard N. Rovner Donald E. Schaffer ] . David Schnatz joseph I. Schultz Herbert Silver Robert B. Sussman H. Gregory Thorsell Bernard D. Wakefield Edward ] . Weisenheimer Sherman Waldman . Gaspare A. Alfano John V. Armenia Ronald E. Batt David A. Berkson : Melvin M. Brothman Ronald W. Byledbal Franklyn N. Campagna Bernice T. Comfort Robert C. Dickson Frederick W. Dischinger Domonic F. Falsetti John W. Float Eugene A. Friedberg Michael T. Genco john ] . Giardino William L. Glazier John F. Holcomb Hilliard Jason Leo A. Kane Louis Katz Marie L. Kunz Lloyd H. Leve Michael A. Mazza Robert ]. Perez Lucien A. Potenza Richard A. Rahner jason A. Reder Elliott Rivo Richard R. Romanowski Walter H. Rothman Albert H. Shaheen Samuel Shatkin Morton Spivack Alfred M. Stein Ann A. Tracy Richard D. Wasson Morton B. Weinberg Reinhardt W. Wende James S. Williams Franklin Zeplowitz Harold B. Zimmerman joseph A. Zizzi George R. Baeumler Mary Ann Z. Bishara William P. Blaisdell Robert J. Brennen Donald L. Cohen Constantine Cretekos David E. Denzel James R. Doyle Richard A. Falls joseph A. Ferlisi Seymour D. Grauer Logan A. Griffin Daniel C. Kozera jacob Krieger William ]. Mangan john ]. McMahon joseph F. Monte Elton M. Rock Mortimer A. Schnee Russell C. Spoto jason H. Stevens Raymond C. Thweatt ''I William E. Abramson joseph G. Antkowiak Julian T. Archie Robert Bernat Theodore S. Bistany john M. Budzinski joseph A. Chazan D. jackson Coleman Roger S. Dayer Gerard J. Diesfeld Algirdas Gamziukas Daniel T. Gianturco Franklin Glockner Daniel A. Goldberg Edward]. Graber Robert Guelcher Thomas]. Guttuso Donald A. Hammel john H. Harrington james R. Kanski Francis ]. Klocke Edwin R. Lamm Andre D. Lascari Robert L. Malatesta David N. Mesches Harry L. Metcalf Hyman Nadel Harry H. Nakata Eugene T. Partridge George B. Pfoertner Daniel A. Rakowski Eugene P. Rivera Gerald L. Saks Robert H. Sauer Marvin Shapiro William ]. Stein john A. Tuyn Thomas H. Witschi .. Harold Brody ]. Anthony Brown Eugene A. Cimino Carlo E. Desantis Allan S. Disraeli David R. Fleisher Richard C. Hatch William J. Hewett SEPTEMBER 1985/33 �Frank E. Ehrlich Anthony M. Fori Anita ]. Herbert Stephen T. Joyce Paul A. Lessler George . Lockie Albert ]. Maggioli David N. Malinov Don L. Maunz James B. Miller Richard B. Narins Ronald G. athan Thomas J. Reagan John A. Repicci Jason E. Rudisill Lawrence ]. Sobocinski Robert B. Spielman George L. Steiner John . Stumpf Eugene M. Sullivan, Jr. Charles S. Tirone joseph C. Tutton John M. Wadsworth Howard M. Hochberg Norman E. Hornung Richard 0. Loeb \1ichael Madianos Edwin]. Manning James R. Markello Philip W. McMillin Brenton H. Penwarden Saar A. Porrath A. Thomas Pulvino Stephen D. Rader Paul T. Schnatz Arthur T. Skarin Paul Stanger Jacob Y. Terner Ronald H. l 'siak Robert Winters Charles G. Adams Joseph P. Armenia James T. Bumbalo joseph A. Cimino Martin Cowan John W. Cudmore Harold C. Domres, Jr. Jack C. Fisher Anthony J. Floccare Joseph R. Gerbasi Roberta M. Gilbert Joseph W. Hanss, Jr. M. Peter Heilbrun Rae R. Jacobs John L. Kiley Arthur C. Klein Morton P Klein Gordon R. Lang Paul J. Loree Michael M. Madden Anthony P Markello Philip D. Morey Robert G. Ney Gerald E. Patterson Alan L. Pohl Seth A. Resnicoff Howard M. Silby Melvin]. Steinhart .. •• Lee N. Baumel David S. Berger Max M. Bermann James R. Blake David T. Carboy Frank V. Delaus 34/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN Seamus E. Carmody Walter A. Ceranski Paul Cherkasky Michael Feinstein Anthony V. Ferrari George R. Glowacki Michael Goldhamer Gerald B. Goldstein Leonard Jacobson Marvin Z.Kurlan David A. Leff Bert A. Lies, Jr. \1arilyn A. Lockwood Leo M. Michalek, Jr. Ronald S. Mukamal Lillian V. Ney David E. Pittman John F. Reilly, Jr. Sheldon Rothfleisch William Salton Stephen C. Scheiber Elizabeth G. Serrage Irving Sterman James C. Tibbetts, Jr. David]. Weinstein Richard W. Williams Richard W. Wolin David C. Ziegler Thomas W. Bradley James D. Felsen C. Wayne Fisgus Melvin Fox William G. Gross Ross L. Guarino Jeffrey L. Kahler Melvyn B. Lewis jeffrey E. Lindenbaum joseph F. Martinak Charles Michalko James ]. Moran Donald M. Pachuta Bert W. Rappole H. John Rubinstein Helmut G. Schrott Roger W. Seibel Anthony B. Serfustini William L. Sperling John E. Spoor Murray A. Yost, Jr William H. Adler III John]. Bird William C. Bucher, Jr. Joseph G. Cardamone \1ichael S Feinberg Lance Fogan Jerald Geller Anthony V. Grisanti Gary H. Jeffery Kenneth K. Kim Donald P Lewin David 0. Lincoln Calvin Marantz George B. Moore Robert M. Moskowitz R. Scott Scheer Robert N. Schnitzler Daniel S. Schubert Robert W. Schultz Joel Steckelman Louis Trachtman Edward H. Wagner Benjamin J. Wherley ' •• Sean R. Althaus Louis J. Antonucci jared C. Barlow Robert Barone John R. Anderson Barry M. Benisch Robert M. Benson Norman Berkowitz Richard H. Daffner David R. Dantzker Barry M. Epstein Douglas D. Gerstein 1965 from left: front row, Lance Fogan, Jerald Giller, R. Scott Scheer,JohnJ. Bird and Gary H. Jeffery, and back row, George B. Moore, Robert W. Schultz, Robert J. Schuder, Joseph G. Cardamone, Leon V. Lewis, Kenneth K. Kim and Benjamin J. Wherley. �John E. Shields, Jr. Stuart C. Spigel Morris]. Stambler Richard M. Stamile Jean D. Williams Charles P. Yablonsky John W. Gibbs, Jr. Frank J. Harford Burton L. Herz Leon Hoffman Ronald P. josephson Richard G. Judelsohn Murray C. Kaplan John P. Kelly Michael M. Kline Jacob S. Kriteman Roger]. Lagratta Martin S. Liberman Anthony ]. Logalbo John P. Menchini Donald E. Miller Dorothy M. Murray Thomas P. O'Connor Steven E. Rinner Harvey A. Schwartz ]. Brian Sheedy Thomas P Sheehan Arthur C. Sosis Franklin H. Spirn George S. Starr James M. Strosberg jack S. Waxler ''' ' Leonard A. Argentine William E. Clack Marc N. Coel Gary H. Cramer Thomas J. Cumbo Geraldine F DePaula Lawrence J. Dobmeier Kenneth H. Eckhert, Jr. Stephen A. Edelstein Ronald J. Friedman Bruce H. Gesson Raymond Hansen Kenneth L. Jewel Brian S. Joseph Richard F. Kaine Milton P. Kaplan Z. Micah Kaplan Gary D. Karch Julian R. Karelitz David Kramer Harold L. Kulman Peter A. Mansky Raymond A. Martin Kenneth W. Matasar Robert A. Milch Jonathan C. Reynhout Robert D. Rodner Barbara Blase Sayres '.. David Amler David H. Atkin Alan H. Blanc Sogba K. Bosu joel B. Bowers James L. Cavalieri ll Laurence A. Citro Lang M. Dayton Arthur L. Deangelis Carl J. Depaula Roger J. Ferguson Robert]. Gibson Peter S. Herwm Hanley M. Horwitz Russell G. Knapp, Jr. Israel Kogan Daniel B. Levin William K. Major, Jr. Richard T. Milazzo, Jr. James A. Patterson Michael M. Pugliese Douglas L. Roberts Warren Rothman Steven J. Sandler Thomas S. Scanlon David S. Schreiber Robert S. Shaps Lester S. Sielski Timothy V. Siepel Michael F. Smallwood Wilbur L. Smith, Jr. Gerald D. Stinziano Harvey I. Weinberg Madeline ]. White 1970 front row, William L. Fiden, Shafic 1Wal, Evan Caklins (honoree), Jan M. Novak and Dennis P. DuBois, and back row, Sebastian Conti, Arthur R. Goshin, Den­ nis L. Bordan, Arthur M. Seigel, Donald P. Copley and Laurence M. Lesser. joseph D. Gentile George D. Goldberg Arthur R. Goshin Dennis ] . Krauss Alan I. Leibowitz Michael L. Lippmann Russell P. Massaro Frank A. Miller Alan M. Podosek John A. Rider Jeffrey S. Ross Arthur M. Siegel james K. Smole\ ~hafic Y. Twa) Robert .\.1. Ungerer Harold M. Vandersea Henry L. Whited Allan S. Winzer ' Ronald H. Blum Dennis L. Bordan Sebastian Conti Donald P. Copley Vincent G. Cotroneo Allen Davidoff William P Dillon Nancy L. Eckhert Carl Ellison Charles A. Fischbein Ellen R. Fischbein I Richard M. Anscher Michael B. Baron Gerald M. Beresny Jerald A. Bovino Alan H. Bullock Manny E. Christakos Kenneth J. Clark, Jr. Terence M. Clark Eric M. Dail Sigmund S. Gould Harvey Greenberg ~cott D. Kirsch B. Lewin La\vrence D. Lubow Martin N. Mango Donald H. Marcus Denis G. Mazeika Paul M. Ness Roy ~1. Oswaks Robert \X'. Palmer joel H. Paull David W. Potts David !\.1. Rowland Sam Seideman Kenneth Solomon Richard I. Staiman William C. Sternfeld llja]. Weinrieb ~tanley Richard A. Berkson Martin Brecher Da\'id S. Buscher John ]. Dalessandro Patricia K. Duffner Robert Einhorn Russell S. Elwell Robert Z. Fialkow Jan M. Frankfort Stuart Greene Virginia F. Hawley Linda A. Kam SEPTEMBER 1985/35 �Areta 0. Kowal john W. Kraus Robert B. Kroopnick Paul S. Kruger Stephen). Levine Kenneth R. Lindyberg Alan I. Mandelberg Ira L. Mintzer Charles A. Moss Philip C. Moudy George C. Newman, Jr. Karen A. Price Kenneth C. Rickler Richard ). Rivers Stephen). Rosansky Edwin A. Salsitz Stuart R. Toledano joseph E. Tripi Harold ). Weinstein john W. Zamarra jeremy Cole Nancy L. Dunn Robert G. Fugitt Kenneth L. Gayles joseph M. Greco Michael A. Haberman Ralph R. Hallac Jeffrey P. Herman Fredric M. Hirsh Paul Kuritzky Sharon Kuritzky Dana P. Launer Jeffrey Light james S. Marks Charles). McAllister Arthur W. Mruczek joseph M. Mylotte Robert L. Penn Melvin R. Pratter John E. Przylucki Michael A. Riozzi, Jr. jacob D. Rozbruch )on P. Rubach Michael A. Sansone Mark . Scheinberg Roger M. Simon Gary ) . Wilcox jonathan Wise Linda Young Lawrence Zemel 36/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN Gordon L. Avery Daniel R. Beckman Marvin T. Boyd James L. Budney Elaine M. Bukowski Alan G. Burstein Thomas D. Chmielewski John H. clark Stephen Commins Thomas A. Donohue Donald R. Greene Benjamin A. Hart Edward A. Legarreta joseph P. Lemmer Hing-Har Lo john P. Manzella Diane L. Matuszak Daniel ). Morelli Kathleen W. Mylotte Sanford R. Pleskow Dominick R. Prato john C. Rowlingson Eric ). Russell Elliott A. Schulman Roy E. Seibel, Jr. Norbert ). Szymula Carl A. Todoro Bradley T. Truax Robin L. Trumball Edward L. Valentine Thomas L. Walsh Paul H. Wierzbieniec Stuart A. Wolman Janerio D. Aldridge Kenneth Anolik Penny Asbell john Asheld, Jr. David Bendich James Burdick Alan Calhoun Coley Cassiano William I. Cohen Marc F. Colman Jack Cukierman Ronald David joseph DiSanto Marguerite Dynski Ben Echols Robert E. Fenzl Hal A. Franklin Lilian Li Fu Patricia Hart Edward W. Holifield Tone Johnson Leonard M. Klein Robert Lapidus Richard Levine Mary Lou Meyers Charles Natalizio Peter Neumann William G. Novak Thomas Rosenthal Michael Rowland Eli Roza Stephen W. Sadow john Stubenbord Stanley). Szefler Michael Taxier John Theobalds Christine Tolins Henry P. Tomiak, Jr. Dennis C. Whitehead Thomas Hadley James). Macool Ronald Marconi Gerard McPhee Walwin Metzger joseph Misiti Erwin Montgomery, Jr. Melvin Pohl Geraldine Krypel Kelley Michael Tamul Bernard M. Wagman john Wiles Brummitte Wilson .. Michael Bye David A. Dellaporta Marcellene Doctor Adolfo Firpo-Betancourt Timothy Gabryel Andrew Gage John E. Billi Thelma Caison-Sorey Avery Ellis itza F. Ellis Helen Marie S. Findlay Maria C. Finley Harvey R. Goldstein Gerald E. Grossman edra ) . Harrison Michael S. Kressner Alan S. Kuritzky Michael Lippmann Barlow S. Lynch 19 5 seated, Christine L. Tolins, Henry P. Tomiak, Patricia Hart, Peter R. Neumann, Stephen W. Sadow, Em­ meth A . Daniel andJoseph DiSanto, and standing, Jack Cukie rman, Hal A. Franklin, John B. Theobalds, Tone Johnson, Henri T. Woodman, Ronald David, Dennis C. Whitehead, Paul D. Trautman, Michael E. Rinow, Wil­ liam I. Cohen, Lawrence G. Millhofer, William H. Hall, Marguerite Dynski, Marcus L. Guice and William G. Novak. 7 �Bess I. Miller jeffrey A. Mogerman john D. Norlund Mark J. Polis Theodore C. Prentice Thomas A. Raab Carl]. Schmitt Jeffrey K. Seitelman jeffrey P Seltzer janet C. Shalwitz Richard P Singer Reginald B. Stiles R. ]. Vancoevering II Ronald A. Vidal janice D. \X'illiams Robert Anolik Roger P Bowers Daniel P. Cannucciari Gary E. Eggleston Scott D. Goldstein Alan R. Koslow Paul Miles-Matthias Charles W. Morgan Paul A. Paroski Lois A. Polatnick joel ]. Reich Greg Roberts Barry I. Rosenberg Mario D. Santilli Ronald M. Somogyi Covia L. Stanley Donald J. Armenia Bernice]. Blumenreich Terence L. Chorba Peter J. Condro Nancy G. Dvorak Frederick A. Eames james G. Egnatchik juanita A. Evereteze Paul A. Koenig john M. Lamancuso Edward L. McCleary Bruce D. Rodgers Robert ]. Rose Arthur P. Rosiello Daniel Saltzman David M. Simpson Ian K. Slepian David D. Stahl Richard S. Urban : I Edward Bartels john Cardone Barry Clark Richard Emanuelson Kathryn Francis joel Gedan Mark Gilbert john Mageli Richard Roy john P Shayne Lloyd D. Simon james Twist Anita Vigorito james Bronk Dan Castellani Bruce Cusenz James J. Czyrny Paul Fadale Barry Feldman joel Fiedler jonathan Gewirtz Marshall Goldstein joseph Greco Todd jacobson Robert A. Jakubowski Peter Kroemer Augustus Ohemeng Michael T. Ross john Peter Santamaria Daniel Schaefer Brett Shulman Ross Silverstein Howard Sklarek Steven Teich Da\·id Weldon Pauline Wills Stephen Pollack Paul N. Rosenberg Arthur Schantz William Schechter Sharon R. Silbiger Robert Stern Gerard F. Vitale joseph T. Wayne Mary A. Whitbread Sharon A. Alger Lilly M. Barba Lars V. Boman Edward]. Coleman james G. Corasanti Kevin S. Ferentz Therese M. Giglia Arthur M. Goldstein johnathan A. Graff Carl L. Grant Stephen L. Kinsman Mary M. Lee Younghee Limb Bruce J. Lippmann Borys Lc)Za joseph K. Miller Kenneth R. Murray Charles R. Niles Cynthia A. Prisrach Allen D. Rosen David J. Rosenfeld Mark Schwager Neal T. Smith Robert ] . Smolinski Michael S. Wenzel Andrea N. Wiesel Eric P Wittkugel . : Kevin Barlog Jill Brody Richard Corbelli Amelia A. Erickson Daniel E. Ford joseph F. Gioia Elaine Healy Wendy Kloesz David I. Kurss joseph P Leberer David C. Levine Douglas Pleskow Randi Gordon Pleskow Andrew Francis Michelle Kaufmann Madeline R. Lalia Thomas Mahl William Reichman SEPTEMBER 1985/37 �i l/(tUj p p:;., "lit[) FOliNDAfi0\.1'-i.,./f{U? 1~1!-~d ~ [~~d.-- ,ys l\:'LLAI(:; ~~ :so w (!) z :::> g :x: cii '\'U Cfas:toJ '?'5 P~" "lli6 FOU lWIO~.INC.t.//,OOO a: ttU'5- thettson:/- ¥" '35 JJ;ilj r lli5 FOL lli5 FOliNlWIL) . .s '{.5c ~~A-~ ~ 1' '55 p ~-~~------{\'U~ {k._ ¥ to 1l{Oj 'i "'fs ll5 fOliN[1.\Til)N.I'i.t-/5{):) JJ..!Vf .f. 1~1 f-' 1-wlf. .J:A,z.u....<. r"'" ~ ·m~::- \.\io fOLINOMION. INC.$/QOCO ~.dJ.J. 'J' / l 5 ~ . .Ei::::=::D-'ZI.-==::::::!.J Making presentations to the Medical School are representatives ofreunion class­ es. Left to right, from the top, are Willard H. Bernhoft and Kenneth H. Eckhert, Class of '35, $14,000; Harold Palanker and William Hildebrand, Class of '40, S6,000; Herbert E. Joyce, Class of '45, $20,000; Patricia A. Meyer and RobertJ. Patterson, Class of '50, Sll, OOO; Anthony B. Schiavi and John H. Kent, Class of '55, S9,500; RogerS. Dayer andJames Kanski, Class of'60, S34,000;Jerald Giller andJoseph G. Cardamone, Class of '65, S7,500; Donald P. Copley, Class of '70, S7,000; and Jack Cukierman, Class of '75, SJO, OOO. 38/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN �awarded annually for major scientific con­ tributions to the control, prevention, or treatment of lung disease. • Dr. Leon Farbi, left, presents the Edward Livingston Trudeau Medal to Dr. Hermann Rabn. DR. HERMANN RAHN , DISTINGUISHED PRO­ sor of physiology, received the 1985 Ed­ ward Livingston Trudeau Medal from the American Lung Association (ALA) at the ALA's national annual meeting held this year in Anaheim, California. It is the ALA's most prestigious award. The ALA presented Dr. Rahn the award for his outstanding contributions to the understanding of the lung. One of the fathers of modern respiratory physiology, Dr. Rahn in his research has provided the basis for many of the principles underly­ ing diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease, especially in intensive care. Dr. Leon Farhi, professor and chair­ man of physiology, said of Dr. Rahn in his introduction at the awards ceremony, "Over the last 40 years, Dr. Rahn has cast the foundation of our understanding in many areas of respiratory disease: What kind of medicine would we be practicing today, if we did not understand lung mechanics, alveolar gas exchange or ventilation-perfusion relationships?" A further contribution has been his analysis and description of the fundamen­ tal principles of acid-base balance in the blood and the way in which this balance is affected by temperature. Dr. Rahn has been a pioneer in gas anal­ ysis for over 40 years. He has taught such concepts as the distribution of alveolar ventilation perfusion ratio and the al­ veolararterial oxygen difference. Dr. Rahn has also clarified some of the laws pertain­ ing to gas d iffusion when several gases are present in a mixture. He was one of the first to apply the Clark Oxygen Electrode to his research work and to show clini­ cians the value of this tool. After graduating from Cornell niver­ sity, Dr. Rahn went on to receive his Ph.D. from the University of Rochester in 1938. He taught physiology at the University of Wyoming; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; and UB. He has been a consultant to ASA's Man in Space Program and to the U.S. Air Force School of Aviatio n Medicine. An author of over 210 scientific articles and four major books, he has had several books and a special issue of Respiration Physiology dedicated to him . " Hermann Rahn has imparted his wis­ dom and enthusiasm to a whole genera­ tion of younger people, many of whom are in the audience today. Indeed, his reputation as a researcher is surpassed onl y by his fame as a teacher and intellec­ tual leader," concluded Dr. Farhi. The Edward Livingston Trudeau Medal was established in 1926 to honor a found­ er of the ALA and its first president. It is ROBERT E. COOKE, M.D., MEDICAL DIRECTOR of the the Robert Warner Rehabilitation Center, has been named chairman of the Department of Pediatrics. He had been acting chairman since Dr. Elliot Ellis stepped down December 31, 1984. He was also appointed Children's Hospital's pediatrician-in-chief. Dr. Cooke, a pediatrician for over 40 years, has been medical director of the Robert Warner Rehabilitation Center since May of 1982. He is currently the A. Conger Goodyear Professor of Pediatrics at the School of Medicine, an endowed chair in pediatrics concerned with ambulatory care. Dr. Cooke, 65, is respected as the crea­ tor of Project Head Start in 1965, now a multibillion dollar child development pro­ gram. before he was appointed by Presi­ dentjohnson to create Head Start, he was named to President Kennedy 's Panel on Mental Retardation. The task forces that Dr. Cooke served o n ultimately led to the creation of Medicare, Medicaid and the National Institute of Child Health. Previously, h e was pediatrician-in-chief at johns Hopkins Hospital, president of the Medical College of Pennsylvania and vice chancellor for health affairs at the niversity of Wisconsin. The Yale graduate is chairman of the Robert E. Cooke SEPTEMBER 1985/39 �international scientific collaboration." He is research director of the French Nation­ al Center of Scientific Research in Stras­ bourg and director of its Respiratory Phys­ iology Laboratory. Chief editor of the jour­ nal Respiration Physiology, he has served as secretary general of the Association of Physiologists and president of the Com­ mission of Respiration, International n­ ion of Physiological Sciences. • ical specialty of family practice in 1969. Membership of the national group totals more than 57,000 with more than 29,000 certified diplomates in the specialty of family practice. • DR. S. MOUCHLY SMALL, PROFESSOR OF PSY­ chiatry, has been appointed to the State Board for Professional Medical Conduct by Health Commissioner Dr. David Axelrod. Mary Anne Rokitka Scientific Advisory Board of the Joseph P Kennedy Jr. Foundation. Among his numerous other leadership roles, he is a board member for the International Spe­ cial Olympics, the Association of Retard­ ed Children in Erie County and the Encyclopedia of Bioethics, and was past president of the Society for Pediatric Research. Active in many professional societies, Dr. Cooke is a past president of the Soci­ ety for Pediatric Research and is a mem­ ber of the American Pediatric Society, the American Medical Association, the Ameri­ can Academy of Pediatrics, and the Ameri­ can Academy of Cerebral Palsy. • DR. MARY ANNE ROKITKA, RESEARCH ASSIS­ tant professor of physiology, was elected secrtary of the Undersea Medical Society at its June meeting in Long Beach, California. Dr. Rokitka has held several appoint­ ments within the society which is devot­ ed to diving and hyperbaric medicine. She currently serves as liaison officer between the society's home office and the local Great Lakes chapter. THE UNIVERSITY PRESENTED ITS HONORARY Doctor of Science degree to internation­ ally respected physiologist Pierre Dejours at the 139th General Com­ mencement shortly before the Medical School commencement in the same hall. The French re earcher was cited as "a meticulous investigator and champion of 40/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN DR. HERBERT E. JOYCE, CLINICAL PROFESSOR of family medicine, was recently appoint­ ed to the Commission on Education of the American Academy of Family Physicians, the national organization for fam ily doctors. One of the major functions of the Com­ mission is to encourage and assist medi­ cal schools and hospitals and other organizations in developing and maintain­ ing adequate courses and facilities for the education and training of family physi­ cians at the graduate and undergraduate levels. Headquartered in Kansas Ci ty, the AAFP was instrumental in establishing the med- Buffalo Physician editor, Bruce Kershner, received one of the highest national awards in writine among academic institutzons. The Uniuersity s medical editor is co-winner of the Gold Medal for Excellence in Periodical Writingfrom the Council for the Adt•ance­ ment and Support of Edu­ cation {CASE). CASE is the national professional organization for higher education and the honor is their highest award. The award-winning arti­ cle, "Neck Breaking Sur­ gery: Dr. Edward Simmons Pioneers Techniques," was written for the February 1984 issue ofBuffalo Phy­ sician. Kershner shares the award with Linda Grace­ Kobas, director of UB s News Bureau and editor of SOURCE, the University s research digest, where his article later appeared. The appointment runs from Jan. 1, 1985 to Dec. 31, 1987. The State Board of Professional Medi­ cal Conduct, composed of four physicians and one layperson, is the first step of the review process for complaints against physicians for unprofessional conduct. The Board is similarly charged to review complaints of professional misconduct against physician assistants. Dr. Small is considered a pioneer in the field of community psychiatry and is also a noted psychiatric educator. A member of 30 professional organizations, he is list­ ed in Whos Who in America and Ameri­ can Men of Science. In addition, he has �served on advisory committees, locally, statewide and nationally, of organizations which deal with either education or men­ tal health/psychiatry. • DR. ELLIOT F. ELLIS, PROFESSOR OF PEDI­ atrics, was named president-elect of the American Academy of Allergy and Immu­ nology at the 41st annual meeting of the Academy, March 15-20. Dr. Ellis is scientific director of The Women and Children's Research Founda­ tion and ch ief of the Division of Allergy and Immunology at Children's Hospital. A member of the Society for Pediatric Research, American Pediatric Society and American Association of I mmunologists, he is also a fellow in the American Acade­ my of pediatrics, American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, and American College of Allergists. Complementing his reputation as a dis­ tinguished physician, Dr. Ellis has been awarded various honors and has authored several books and articles. He has been a member of the editorial boards for major medical publications, including thejour­ adjunct professor of chemical engineer­ ing, by Consul G.]. Schouten of ew York City at the International Institute in May. The ceremony was held in conjunction with the 40th anniversary of the Allies' liberation of The Netherlands from the azis. Some 50 Western New Yorkers with ties to The etherlands attended. VanOss received the knighthood for his 16 years of service to his native country as Consul to Western New York. The list of those selected for knighthood is an­ nounced each April 30 on the birthday of former Queen Juliana of The Netherlands. • nal of Medicine, journal of Respiratory Diseases, Annals of Allergy, journal of Asthma and journal of Allergy and Clin­ ical Imm unology. • DR. CLARA M. AMBRUS, RESEARCH PROFES­ sor of pediatrics and ob/gyn, and Dr. Julian L Ambrus, research professor of medicine, were part of an American dele­ gation which discussed medical co­ operati on with the government of Hun­ gary last winter. • DR. ARTHUR ORLICK , CLINICAL ASSISTANT professor of medicine, is the new presi­ dent of the Western New York Chapter of the Card iovascular Society. The card io lo­ gist, an attending physician at Erie County Medical Center, is also a fellow of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association and the American Council of Cardiology. • QUEEN BEATRIX OF THE NETHERLANDS HAS bestowed the Knighthood and Order of Orange- assau to Carel]. van Oss, Ph .D., who serves as Netherlands Consul to Western New York. The Knighthood was bestowed on van Oss, a B professor of microbiology and Carel J. van Oss DR. LAWRENCE SHERMAN, CLINICAL INSTRUC­ tor of surgery and medical director of Hospice Buffalo, Inc. , was among a select group of d istinguished professionals invit­ ed to address the first American Confer­ ence on Hospice Care held in Boston , June 9-1 I. "Fo rging the Future of Hospice" was the theme of the conference, where Dr. Sherman talked on "The Physician ­ Directed Hospice: A Choice of Role Models." The conference brought together Hospice professionals from across the na­ tion in a wide range of fie lds. lt was spon­ sored by the American journal of Hospice Care. Hospice Buffalo has also announced that Dr. Robert Milch (M'68), clinical as- sistant professor of surgery, was re-elected as vice president of the organization. Dr. Thomas Bumbalo (M'31), emeritus clin­ ical professor of pediatrics, retired from the board after si x years of service. • DR. GERALD SUFRIN , PROFESSOR AND CHAIR­ man of Urology, has been appointed chair­ man of the Education Counci l of the American rological Assoc iation. The as­ sociation is the primary national organi­ zation for educational, research, and scientific activities in urology. It originates, coordinates, and directs various educa­ tional and research endeavors of the As­ sociation. Dr. Sufrin has also participated in sever­ al recent national events. He chaired a ple­ nary sessions at the annual Scientific Meeting of the American Urological As­ sociation dealing with renal carcinoma. He was part of a symposium on ben ign prostatic hyperplasia sponsored by IH. He will also be on a committee which will develop a computer assisted learning pro­ gram in urology. Sponsored by the Ameri­ can Urological Association, it recognizes newer approaches to educational en­ deavors in urology. Lastly, he participat­ ed in an American Urological Association retreat of leaders in urology aimed at forming a basis for future directions in urologic research. • DR. BRUCE DOW, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF physiology, was awarded a SI 17,392 grant from the Nationa l Institutes of Health to study the color vision of macaque mon­ keys to understand how the human brain interprets what it sees. Specificall y, he hopes to understand how the visual cor­ tex, which is part of the brain, crea tes color vision. • DR. JERROLD WINTER, PROFESSOR OF PHAR­ macology and therapeutics, has been awarded an $83,266 grant by the Nation­ al Institutes of Health to study how drugs of abuse affect the human body and be­ havior. • DR. ALAN DRINNA , CLINICAL ASSISTANT professor of medicine and professor and chairman of Oral Medicine in the School of Dental Medicine, was elected secretary of the Pathology Section of the American Association of Dental Schools at its annual meeting in March. • SEPTEMBE R 1985/41 �PE()PLE FOUR OF NINE OF ERIE COUNTY MEDICAL Center's Photograph Contest winners were UB medical faculty. The June 7 contest included the following UB win­ ners: Dr. Robe rt Whitney, first place in color prints; Dr. Franz Glasauer, second place in color; Dr. Robert Cannon, third place in color; and Dr. Ge orge Alke r (M'56), second place in slides. • DR. G. WORTHINGTON SCHENK, JR. , WAS honored at the 36th annual Surgical Alum­ ni Association meeting held May 24 and 25 at the Erie County Medical Center. The emeritus professor of surgery and form­ er director of surgery at the medical center retired in October following 26 years of service. Honoring Dr. Schenk were 475 atten­ dees who came from as far away as Colorado. • DR. EDWARD SIMMONS, PROFESSOR OF OR­ thopaedic surgery, was invited as visiting professor for the Carl Badgely Lecture­ ship, where he spoke at the niversity of Michigan Medical Center on September 21, 1984, on surgical treatment of low back pain. He was also selected to present the Sixth Annual Risser Memorial Lecture March 13-14, 1985, at Orthopaedic Hospi­ tal, associated with the University of Southern California. • DR. JOSEPH BENFORADO, FORMER ASSOCIATE dean of the Medical School and associate professor of pharmacology from 1958 to 1967, is now professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin, Madison Medi­ cal School. He was just elected vice presi­ dent of the U.S. Pharmacopeia! Convention for a five-year term. He also reports that "the last of my six children will be graduating from the niversity of Wisconsin this month." • DR. DORIS RAPP, CLINICAL ASSISTANT PRO­ fessor of pediatrics, was honored by the UB Alumni Association with its Distin­ guished Alumni Award on June 7. Dr. Rapp was an undergraduate at UB. DR. LESTER SMITH HAS RETIRED FROM HIS post as director of UB's Center for the Study of Aging, where he served for five years, and has returned to a more active role as clinical associate professor of medicine. • DR. HAROLD J. LEVY (M'46), CLI ICAL AS­ sistant professor of psychiatry, was chos­ en president-elect of the Medical Student Aid Society at the organization's recent an­ nual scientific sessions held in Miami Beach. Dr. Levy is chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the Millard Fillmore Hospitals and clinical director of psy­ chiatry at Bry-Lin Hospital. MSAS is a philanthropic national group offering interest-free loans to medical stu­ dents in need of financial assistance. • 4 2 /BUFFALO PHYSICIAN DR. SAXON GRAHAM, PROFESSOR AND chairman of Social and Preventive Medi­ cine, was elected this June 29 as president of the Society for Epidemiological Research. The 1,400-member society is the largest epidemiological society. The professional group serves as a fo­ rum for research and sponsors the Ameri­ can journal of Epidemiology, the premier journal of the field. Founded in 1963, it also fosters graduate education concerned with efforts to improve prevention of all diseases. • DR. JAMES MOUN (M'44), PROFESSOR OF microbiology, assisted the N.Y. State Coun­ cil on Human Blood and Transfusion Serv­ ices and the State Health Department in drafting a policy statement for the Com­ missioner of Health on possible federal regulations on reporting cases of transfusion-associated AIDS. He also helped the American Blood Commission arrange a Policy Conference on AIDS, Ethics, and Blood Supply. • DR. LEO E. MANNING (M'50), CLINICAL AS­ sistant professor of medicine, has been elected president of the Medical Society of the County of Erie. Dr. Manning was installed at the Society's annual meeting held at the Buffalo Hilton, May 23. He is a specialist in internal medicine in Am­ herst, and will serve a one-year term. He succeeds Victorino Anllo, M.D. Dr. Manning has previously served as the Society's president-elect, vice­ president, and as delegate from Erie County to the state medical society. He is also a member of the American Medical Association, the American Society of In­ ternal Medicine, and the Western New York Society of Internal Medicine. Dr. Manning is past president of the Kenmore Mercy Hospital medical staff. He is a diplo­ mat of the American Board of Internal Medicine and a Fellow of the American College of Chest Physicians. The other officers elected for one-year terms are: Dr. Allen L. I.esswing (M'54), clinical instructor in orthopaedics, president-elect; Dr. Thomas W. Bradley (M'66), clinical assistant professor of fa­ mily medicine, vice president; and Dr. Nan cy H. Nielsen (M'76 ), clinical assis­ tant professor of medicine and microbi­ ology, secretary-treasurer. • TWO UB PHYSICIA S WERE HONORED JU E I at the Hyatt Regency Hotel during the 65th annual graduation ceremony for medical/dental residents of the Erie County Medical Center. Dr. Alan Aquilina was honored with the Teacher of the Year award. He is an assistant professor of medicine and is medical director of the asthma clinic at ECMC. Dr. John Picano was given the or­ man Chassin Award for outstanding house officer. He is a first-year house officer in internal medicine and a clinical assistant instructor at ECMC. The outstanding teacher of the year award is selected by internal medicine house officers at ECMC. • DR. HA K KUNG, PROFESSOR OF NUCLEAR medicine, received a grant for $89,040 from the National Institutes of Health to develop new radioactive drugs for non­ invasive diagnosis of heart disease. • �1920's LAWRENCE CARLINO (M'27) • v. ho practiced medicine in "liagara Falls from 1929 to 1968, retired and continued to school himself in physics. His new book Tbe Proto-Spin Tbe­ my of the L'ni1•erse (198-i, Van­ tage Press, New York, 12-i pp.) describes a new approach to understanding the physical universe and its philosophical implications. and a total membership of600 which includes foreign and senior members. He is a Diplo­ mate of the American Board of Surgery, a Fellow of the Ameri­ can College of Surgeons, and a member of the American As­ sociation for Cancer Research, the Society of Surgical Oncol­ og), the Buffalo Surgical 'ioci­ cty, and the Medical 'iocictics of the State of :--lew York and of Eric County. 1930's JOSEPH GODFREY (M'31) • received an honorary doctorate in science from D'You\"illc Col­ lege, Buffalo, at their com­ mencement ceremonies last May. Dr. Godfrey left UB's School of Medicine in 1978 as a clinical professor of or­ thopaedics after 36 years here. He is now assistant chief of or­ thopaedic surgery at the Bethesda, Md., "laval ~1cdical Center. ALBERT ROWE (M'3l) • was ho­ nored b) Sisters Hospital, Buffalo, on March 27 for his generosity and financial sup­ port to the hospital. The clini­ cal assistant professor of anesthesiology received a plaque for his philanthropy in helping to provide fetal monitoring, coronary stress testing, and stereotactic surgery equipment to the hospital. Society of Internal Medicine for 1985-1986. He is director of the Medical Liability Mutual In­ surance Company, a member of the Buffalo Medical Group, P.C., and a clinical associate in medicine at UB. 1960's WILLIAM E. ABRAMSON (M'60) • helped to form and was elect­ ed first president of the Drug Abuse Doctors Association of ~taryland. The Association is composed of physicians active in drug abuse treatment pro­ grams utilizing methadone maintenance treatment. Dr. Abramson is director of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Program at the Sheppard & Pratt Hospital, Towson, Maryland. DONALD A. HAMMEL (M'60) • as­ Frank C. Marchetta 1950's JEROME P. KASSIRER (M'57) • has assumed office as a Governor of the American College of Physicians for Massachusetts. Dr. Kassirer, a specialist in nephrology and medical deci­ sion making, is professor and associate chairman of the Department of Medicine at Tufts L'niversity School of Medicine. He is also associate physician-in-chief at the New England Medical Center. sistant professor of radiology at Northeast Ohio University Col­ lege of Medicine, is the first president of the Northeast Ohio Radiological Society. He is chairman for the annual meeting of the Ohio State Radi­ ological Society in 1986; chair­ man of the "Blue Ribbon" Citizens Committee reviewing finances and operations of Por­ tage County, Ohio; delegate to the Medical Staff Section of the AMA and the Ohio State Medi­ cal Association; and member of the board of directors of the lo­ cal Health Systems Agency (HSA) PHILIP D. MOREY (M'62) • has 1940's MARY ANN ZIVISCA BISHARA (M'59) • was elected to the FRANK C. MARCHETTA (M'44) • Board of Directors and ap­ pointed to the Executive Com­ mittee of Blue Shield of Western New York. Dr. Bishara is chief of anesthesiology at St. Marys Hospital, Lewiston, New York. VIRGINIA V. WELDON (M'62) • WILLIAM J. MANGAN (M'59) • is president of the New York State deputy vice chancellor of Washington l'niversity School of ,'\lcdicine, received a Doctor clinical associate professor of otolaryngology, was elected president of the American So­ ciety for Head and Neck Sur­ gery at the organization's recent annual meeting in Puer­ to Rico. The Society of Head and Neck Surgery has an active membership of 350 physicians been elected to Fellowship in the American College of Cardi­ ology. He is currently associate professor of medicine at UB and attending physician at Buffalo General Hospital. of Humane Letters degree from Rush University. and while at Rush, delivered a speech on quality in medical education. Dr. Weldon is professor of pediatrics at Washington University School of Medicine and vice president of the Washington L'nivcrsity Medical Center. Current!) she is chairman-elect of the Associa­ tion of American ~tcdical Col­ leges, and is the first woman chosen to lead the association in its 108-year history. LEE BAUMEL {M'63) • is the med­ ical director for the Eating Dis­ orders Treatment Unit and director of the Biofeedback Department at the Beverly Hills Medical Center. CARY PRESANT (M'66) • was ap­ pointed director of the oncol­ ogy program at Queen of Valley Hospital, West Covina, California. Dr. Presant present­ ed a paper "Human Tumor De­ tection by Indium-III Labelled Liposomes -A, A New Method For Tumor Imaging" to the In­ ternational Congress for Cancer Detection and Preven­ tion in Vienna, Austria, in 1974. Dr. Presant lives in San Marino with his wife Sheila and their four children. DAVID FUGAZZOTTO {M'67) • is serving on the planning com­ mittee for the state chapter of the American Academy of Pedi­ atricians scientific meeting. "I recently moved to new quart­ ers with the same four-man group in a growing practice. Will add fifth member this July." The pediatrician lives with his wife, Pauline Bumba­ lo Fugazzotto in Birmingham, Alabama. 1970's RICHARD A. MANCH {M'71) • was recently elected chairman of SEPTEMBER 1985/43 �the Department of Medici~ at the Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, the State of Arizona's largest hospital. DR. CARL F. CORI, 87 • who won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 19'!7, died at his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on October 30. 1984. Dr. Cori was assistant professor of physiology at UB from 1927 to 1931 and a biochemist at Roswell Park from 1922 to 1931. Dr. Cori and his wife. who passed away in 195', shared the Nobel Prize with an Argentinian for their research on the isola­ tion and synthesis of phosphorylase. This work was started at CB and Roswell Park and completed at Washington University in St. Louis. A medical graduate of the German Univer~ity Medical School, Prague, Czechoslavakia, in 1920, Dr. Cori. came to Buffalo after two years as assistant professor of pharmacology at Univer­ sity of Graz, Austria. In addition tO the obel, Dr. Cori received the Albert and Mary Lasker Award from the American Public Health Association, and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. ROY M. OSWAKS (M'71) • gave a talk in June to the Virginia State Podiatric Society on "Manage­ ment of Fluid and Electrolytes in the Surgical Patient." Dr. Os­ waks resides at '!609 Bathurst Road, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23<!64. HENRY M. BARTKOWSKI (M'76) • (Ph.D.) informs us that he is now with the Pediatric Neu­ rosurgery Service of the Department of eurosurgery at UCSF. JANET. KING (M'76) • has been appointed assistant medical director of the Moss Rehabili­ tation Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. Dr. King is an assistant clin­ ical professor at Temple University School of Medicine. JEFFREY SELTZER (M'77) • writes "After completing a pacemak­ er and electrophysiology fel­ lowship sponsored by NASPE (North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology) at Boston University, I moved to the wilds of Connecticut to practice. FACC in 1984." RUSSELL J. VAN COEVERING, II (M'77) • is now a Diplomate of the American Board of Ob­ stetrics and Gynecology, hav­ ing been Board certified in Obstetrics and Gynecology December 3, 1984. "I recently finished work on my third clin­ ical study on Syntex's new Birth Control Pill, Trinorinyl." JOHN CORBELL! (M'79) • ad­ dressed the XII Interamerican Congress of Cardiology on the subject of ''Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary An­ gioplasty After Previous Coro­ nary Bypass Surgery" in Vancouver, British Columbia. 44/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN Dr. Corbelli completed fellow­ ship training at the Cleveland Clinic in invasive cardiology and coronary angioplasty. He is now in practice with Eli Ger­ manovich, M.D., at the Millard Fillmore Hospital, Buffalo. ew York. PETER CONDRO (M'79) • married Alice Magner, M.D., in Philadel­ phia in October '84. In June he finished a fellowship in nephrology at Temple Univer­ sity Hospital. His new address is 10255 Glendye Road, Rich­ mond, Virginia 23225. 1980's STANLEY JAY BERKE (M'81) • in­ forms us that he is completing a residency in ophthalmology at Nassau County Medical Center and beginning a fellow­ ship in glaucoma surgery on July I, 1985, at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in Boston. KEVIN SCOTT FERENTZ (M'83) • a resident in family medicine at the University of Maryland, has been selected chief resident for 1985-1986. Dr. Ferentz resides at 2717 Jenner Avenue, Apt. B, Baltimore, Maryland 21209. DR. SAMUEL A. VOGEL, the first Buffalo physician to use insulin in the treatment of diabetes, died March 18, 1985. He had prac­ ticed medicine for 50 years before retiring. His widely hailed breakthrough for diabetic patients resulted from his previous as­ sociation with Jocelyn Clinic of Boston, which introduced in­ sulin to the C.S. He trained there in the late 1920s. Famous Buffalo writer Taylor Caldwell's novel, Dear and Glorious Physician, was dedicated to Dr. Vogel. After earning his M.D. from the University of Illinois Medi­ cal School, he served in Great Britain during World War II with the U.S. Army Medical Corps. He was associated with Buffalo General and Millard Fillmore hospitals. The associate professor of medicine was on UB's faculty from 1925 to 1970. He was a member of the county and national medical soci­ eties, the American Board of Internal Medicine, the Maimonides Medical Society, and was a fellow in the American College of Phy­ sicians. He is survived by his wife Charlotte; a daughter; a brother Dr. Henry E. Vogel; four sisters and three grandchildren. MARTIN J. DOWNEY (M'45) • clinical associate professor of anesthesiology and chief of anesthesiology at Children's Hospi­ tal, died on Feb. 22, at Buffalo General after a long illness. Dr. Downey was not only dedicated to his work as a prominent anesthesiologist, but stood as a dedicated member of his native community as well. Born in Buffalo, he received his undergraduate degree from Canisius College. Dr. Downey was also an attending anesthesiologist at Buffa­ lo General Hospital and Erie County Medical Center. He was con­ sulting pediatric anesthesiologist at Millard Fillmore Hospital, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, and Brooks Memorial Hospital in Dunkirk. A distinguished member of the health profession, Dr. Downey served as a diplomate of the American Board of anesthesiologists; a fellow of the American College of Pediatrics, Anesthesia Section; and a member of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Dr. Downey was a past president of the adjunct board of Buffalo General Hospital and of the Western New York Section �of the State SoCiety of Anesthesiology. He is sun·ivcd by his w1fe, four daughters, a son, two brothers, and a sister. DR. DONALD KERR-GRANT died in a traffic accident on Fehruarv GLEN~ C. HATCH (M'28) • who practiced general surgery 10 Penn Yan for 4'-1 years died August 9, 19H'-I, at the age of HO He retired from practice in 19~6, and had been !i\·ing in Clearwater, Flori da. until the time of his death, which occurred after a brief illness. Dr. Hatch had been a member of the American College of Surgeons since 19·t0 lie enlisted in the Armv in 19'-12 '' ith the rank of captain and served in North Africa :md Italy with the 9·Hh Evacuation llospital for 2 1/2 years. One of the highlights of his Army career was as a participant in the now famous landing in Anzio in 19+i Dr Hatch received four battle stars during his 5-11.!. years on ac tivL duty. Dr. !latch\ picture appeared on the front cover of Tbe Hujfa lo .l!edical Rer reu; \'ol. I, number •t, \X'inter 196~ issue. He is surviwd by his wife of '5 t years, Beatrice; three chi! dren: Richard C, a 1961 l'B .\!cdical School graduate, Peter .J., and Bette, as well as six grandchildren. 10, 19H'5, in Malaga. Spain. Dr. Kerr-Grant served as associate med­ ical director of the Robert Warner Rehabilitation Center here from 1961 until his retirement in 1982. He was an associate professor emeritus of pediatrics, serving on l'H s faculty for 20 years. Dr Kerr-Grant, who specialized in neuro-developmental medicine at the Rehab Center, was a native of Australia lie ac­ quired his undergraduate degree from St. Peters College in Adelaide, South Australia, and completed h1s medical degree at the Uni\·ersit) of Adelaide in 19'-12 He interned at the Royal Victoria Infirmary and the Royal Adelaide Hospital in Australia. FoliO\\ ing his residenc) at the ChiI· drcn's Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 19'5'5, he \\as certified h) the American Board of Pediatrics. Dr Kerr-Grant served many teaching appointments in Aus­ tralia throughout his distinguished career, he was also an assis rant professor in pediatncs at Oh1o l'nl\·ersitv lie left for London, England, .tfter his retirement in 19H.!., and was \acallonmg in Spain at the time of the accident. He is survived by his wife, El.1yne, two daughters. Carolyn and Fiona, of England; and two brothers, Colin and Allan, both of Australia ------------------------------------------------------------------- III II I NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 2210 BUFFALO, N.Y POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE Buffalo Physician 139 Cary Hall 3435 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14214 �THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO 3435 MAIN STREET BUFFALO, NEW YORK 14214 LET US HEAR FROM YOU Fill out this card (Please print or type all entries) Year MD Received _ _ _ __ Name Office Address ________________________________________________________________________ Home Address ________________________________________________________________________ If not UB, MD received from --------------------- -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ­ In Private Practice: Yes No 0 In Academic Medicine: Yes 0 Specialty ----------------------------------------------- 0 No 0 Part Time 0 Full Time 0 School Title___________________________________ Other: Medical Society Memberships___________________________________________________________ News: Have you changed positions, published, been involved in civic activities, had honors bestowed, etc.? Please send copies of any publications, research or other original work. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/0efd4f0ba243f5ce9b97957c635f934c.pdf 57c47ed11b3c461608143d05cd7ec52f PDF Text Text Volume 19, umber 2, july 1985 the ] �STAFF EXECUTIVE EDITOR UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIO:-IS Robert T. Marlett UNIVERSITY .'\IEDICAL EDITOR Bruce S. Kershner ART DIRECTOR Rebecca Bernstein DESIGN Alan j Kegler PHOTOGRAPHY Ed :-.lowak Marc I..t:eds Phyllis Christopher ADVISORY BOARD Dr john Naughton, Dean School of J!edicine Ms. :"'anq Glieco Dr .Edwin a. Mirand Dr. john Cudmore Dr Carmelo Armenia Dr. john Fisher Ms. Karen Dryja ~lr. john Pulli Dr. Charles J>-aganelli Dr. james Kanski Dr. Harold Brody Dr john Wright Dr. james Nolan Dr. Maggie Wright Dr ~1ary Voorhess Mr. Steve Shivinsk} TEACHING HOSPITALS The Buffalo General Children's Deaconess Erie County Medic-al Center Mercy Millard Fillmore Roswell Park Memorial Institute Sisters of Chanty Veterans Administration ~ledical Center Produced by tbe Dil'ision of Public Affairs, Harry R. jackson. director, in association u·itb tbe Scbool of Medicine, State Unir·ersity of Neu· }brk at Buffalo. THE Bl'FFALO PHY~ICIA:-.1 (lSI'S SSI H60) july 19HS Volume 19, :-.lumber 2. Puhhshc·d ftve times annu ally February, May, July, September, De<·emher - hy the School of \kdicinc, State l nivcrsity of New York at Buffalo, 3435 \lain Street, Huthlo, ::-o;ew York 1~21'< Second class postage paid at Buffalo, r"ew York. POSTMASTER send address changes to THF Hl'FFA· LO PHYSICIAN, IW Cary Hall, .~4~S \lain Street. Buffalo, New ll>rk l~ll~ Message From The Dean Dear Alumni and Alumnae: In this issue of the Buffalo Pb)'sician, .\1r Bruce Kershner 10cludes an interview with me concerning my tenure as Dean. As I reflect on that inten·icw and on mv ume in Buffalo, I look hack with a great deal of satisf;ction on the accomplishments of the past decade 1 remember vividly mv first encounter with the search committee in the summer of 197·1 when one member correctly asked many penetrating questi<>ns, many of which reflected the long-term frustrations which antedated the state's assum10g control of the l niversitv and .\1edical .School. Yet, each member of that committee w':ls ohviouslv dedicated to the mission of the School and the l niversiiy and the potential for Buffalo's ;\ledtcal school w':ls apparent Since arri\ ing 10 1975, 1 have witnessed the completion or near completion of many important building projects at our affiliated institutions~a totally new Erie County :\1edical Center completion of the Children s Hospital Tower. completion of the :\1illard Fillmore project. significant additions to the Veterans Administration Hospital, and the soon-to-be-completed Deaconess 'Ibwer of the Buffalo General Hospital. In addition, the University s new Health Sciences Library will he completed this summer, and the new teaching wing of the ~1edical School and its adjacent antmal factlity should be ready for occupancy 10 1986. These projects, together with substantial strengthening of the faculty, the leadership prO\ ided hy a stellar group of department chairmen, an active, contributing faculty council, the formation of the city-wide consortium for Llniversity-supervised graduate medical education programs. a strong and committed alumni organization, and the current tmplementation of a faculty practice plan represent only a few of the factors that have helped account for the momentum developed during the past decade. I remain convinced that when the next decade ends we will be able to reflect on another set of accomplishmenrs which serve to substantiate the .\ledical School's commitment to excellence in scholarly achievement and in health care. All of the elements are now in place. If we fail in the future, the fault will rest primarily with those of us whose task it is to lead the at-ademic enterprise of the School. I am confident that our goals wtll be achteved. I thank all those constnuencies who have joined in the effort to make the School a better place in which to be educated, to conduct research, and to improve health care in Western :"'ew York. I look forward to your continued support in the years ahead. · -John Naughton, M.D. Medical Alumni Association President's Message For members of our Alumni Association to the '':\lid 80's • see three maJOr concerns. In the fir't place, ethical questions must be dealt with in the area of artificial heart and other organ trJnsplants; besides the ethtcal concerns, we must also address the tremendous costs. Secondly, we must be concerned Wtth reasonable and equttahle settlements in malpractice litigation so that we l~an afford to practice our professions in New York and other states that have medical insurance problems. Thtrdly, for our local Alumni, one of our most significant concerns ts to act as role models for the students interns. and restdents we meet_ daily and to provide, to the best of our vaned abthttes, stgnificant workshops and seminars for medteal students who are studving in lJ · _ . ty ~eeping in touch with young creative scientific mtnds is one of the best \~~rs nl\er_s.: ones own mind. }· to stn:tch \\"on't each individual member of our group consider what he or h on any of these concerns s e mtght do to \VOrk -Charles Tanner, Jr., M.D. Class of 1943 �THE University holds memorial service for 400 individuals who donated their bodies for use in teaching and research in medicine through one of the most successful programs of its kind in the east. CURIOUS HIST Yesteryear's methods of obtaining bodies for study ranged from the use of executed criminals and black slaves to the oncethriving business of grave-robbing-and even murder. T DS • The world's smallest thermometer and the world's smallest heater have been devised by Dr. Frederick Sachs for use in a biomedical research project here. 0 C UB biophysicist Sachs has discovered what could be the fundamental mechanism for the perception of touch, body awareness, pressure, and stretch. Dean Naughton celebrates a decade of service. UB, Beijing ormal University exchange visits of nuclear medicine scientists. Four major appointments announced. Howe Prize, Harrington Lecture Walking study by Eadweard Muybridge exemplifies mote ment studies possible at tbe Gait Analysis Lab at tbe Children's Guild. See page 23. Area hospitals pool collection efforts. Buffalo General joins Life Flights Program, opens pain center, and begins move to new tow- ers. Children's CLASS NOTES • dedicates Hemo34 philia Center. Fa- DEATHS • 3S mily Medicine moves. Gait AnalInside back cover ysis Lab is only one of its kind in COVER ART: the area Detail from 'The Creation of Man,' Arthur Weissman fresco by Michelis a "class act." angelo, Sistine Other news of Chapel, Rome. students 29 Writer disagrees with criticisms of McKinley's medical care. ��''WE DISCOVER ONLY WHE WE GIVE." Thus IN TRIBUTE TO THE states the painting hanging in the chapel of the historic Skinnersville church on UB's Amherst Campus. It is a fitting quotation for the 400 deceased persons who were memorialized there last year for generously donating their bodies to UB's School of Medicine for the purposes of teaching and research. The memorial service, held ovember 29, 1984, was the first public memorial service to honor the donors at this medical school. Their remains, some donated as far back as 1971, were placed under a marker that gratefully acknowledges their unique contribution to the advancement of education in medicine. Dr. Charles Severin, the associate professor of anatomical sciences who headed a committee to honor the donors, says that the generosity of these individuals should be recognized by the community. Most become donors, he adds, out of a sense of wishing to help their fellow humans through medical and dental research and training. Dr. Harold Brody, chairman of the Department of Anatomical Sciences, notes that currently there are some 6,000 persons registered with the department. The program was initiated by Distinguished Professor Emeritus O.P. Jones in the early 1950's when he was chairman of the department. Dr. Brody relates that "most schools have similar programs now, but UB's is one of the earlier ones and certainly has been unusually successful. In fact, it appears to be one of the more successful programs in the East." Of the 6,000 names now on file, approximately 150 die each year. These satisfy the needs for the teaching and research commitments of the Medical School and area hospitals. Dr. Brody cannot fully explain why the donation program is so successful, except that donors are obviously motivated by the altruistic desire to benefit society after they have died. That the School does not need or want publicity for the program, Dr. Brody comments, is evident from the fact that 500 to 750 new registrations occur every year, even though knowledge of the program's existence is spread primarily through word of mouth. Before Dr. Jones started the program, the Medical School obtained its cadavers for medical instruction from .i ndividual donations and unclaimed bodies. "It's a state law-and a law in most other states- that unclaimed bodies can be used by medical schools for education," Dr. Brody notes. Today, however, UB's School of Medicine rarely accepts unclaimed bodies because of the success of its donation program. Besides being prompted by word of mouth, inquiries about the program come occasionally from attorneys or as a result of questions addressed in newspaper columns. Such respectable or orderly procedures were not always in existence, however. In the 1700s and 1800s scandals occasionally surfaced when some doctors were discovered to be receiving bodies from grave robbers or even thugs (see accompanying article). The cadavers at UB are used for instruction not only for medical students, but also for dental, nursing, and occupational and physical therapy students- a total of 600 students per year. Approximately 50 hospital residents, graduate physicians and dentists also attend special programs of dissection. UNSUNG HEROES OF MEDICINE heir best known use, of course, is for the teachin~ of T anatomy to medical and dental students. Dependmg By Bruce S. Ke rshne r JULY 1985/3 �on the specific course of instruction, four to eight students perform dissection on a cadaver. Instruction is also given to many groups of nursing students who observe dissection but do not actually handle the body. While nursing students do not perform an actual dissection, they are able to observe the normal position of structures in the human body during demonstrations by members of the faculty. Less widely known uses of cadavers occur as well. Cadaver study is part of the residency program and is especially crucial for ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and other surgical subspecialties. Cadavers are also used by Ph.D. students, hospital residents, and faculty for basic research. These studies involve changes in joints with age, the effects upon joints of automobile accidents and studies of anomalies (the presence of unusual variations and structures). For these studies, the cadavers may be used in a fresh , rather than an embalmed condition. The Department of Anatomical Sciences handles inquiries and registrations for the program. The department provides interested persons with information and forms. Beside completing and signing the forms, applicants must inform their families and attorneys and keep a card on their person. The body donation registration process is simple, unlike a will. Furthermore, to be in a condition useful for the donation program, bodies must be obtained with minimal delay, something not possible with a will which requires lengthy time for settlement and probate of the estate. With one exception, organ donations are not recommended. "We recommend to all registrants that they donate their eyes for use by living persons. This can be done through the program," Dr. Brady explains. "Other organ donations, however, are handled by m~dical organizations unrelated to our program. These bodies cannot be used for later study by medical students". When a person in the donation program dies, the family or hospital informs UB or its contracted funeral direc4/BUFFALO PHYSICIA tor. The University pays for transportation of the body t the School within a 100-mile radius (for greater distan the family pays for all but 100 miles of transportat~es costs). Private memorial services held shortly afte ~~n donor's death are arranged by their families. After the ~ de has.been used for me.dical ~ducation and research, the 3nfvesny also pays for Its ultimate burial or crematio less the family requests a private interment. n , unPredictably, both the families and the commun·t _ large often have a morbid curiosity about the cadav 1 Y adt. ''After Its . ' aII expI ained to them er an w h at h appens to It. · f'1ed . Wieve • never h a d any obJ'ections , most peop Ie are sat1s b · d one wit · h t h e b o d 1es, ' " o r. Brody remarks "F a out. w h at IS ly members recognize it is a service to the commu~it am~ are frequently enthusiastic about the idea." Respe yt ~n both the donors and their families is of utmost impor~ or to the School. Condolences are always sent to next of ~.ce Before any students, researchers or faculty use a bo~n. " they are all reminded that these people donated the y~ selves for medical science and that respect and good co~­ duct must be followed. All users take this very seriously" Dr. Brody stresses. ' At t.he No_vember ceremony attended by about 100 people, mcludmg members of the first-year medical class Rev. ~ohn ~ma_ras of UB 's Campus Ministries led the brief pub.l!c service ~n the 125-year-old ewman Chapel. Followmg the serviCe, a marker honoring the donors · t h e .ad'Jacent Sk'mnersville Cemetery. was unvei·1e d 1~ • s . Anh Identical G d marker will be placed at Mt . 01·Ivets t T1mot y ar ens to commemorate Catholic donors. · Re':'. Kamaras expressed the feelings of all concerned " In their death, these people have 1·oined au · . · · · bodies so we wh n1que· SOCiety. Th ey h ave g1ven t h e1r may . ld o f med1cme. . . The impact tho remam h a d vance t h e f1e will last past this generation. ey ave made "We thank these unsung heroes f . . become teachers of our nation's h 0 1 me~1cme who have ea ers. • ° �The Curious History of Body Dissection J. ..r 1 ~""" ,(,. , ., -.It ·~"f' >Y<rli .,j..,..,J -~Al " •1 A, . . magine yourself as a medical student in 1825 . Your distinguished professor gives you your next assignment: "We are going to begin anatomy class this week. Please go out to the cemetery behind the village church tonight and bring back a fresh body. And don't let anyone see you!" Not exactly your usual class assignment. But body snatching, as it was called, was indeed engaged in from time to time by both medical students and physicians in those days. The early days of medicine in Buffalo are no exception. Contrasting starkly with today's orderly and respectful methods C?f obtaining human specimens for anatomy classes, the htstory of human dissection is probably the most colorful-and morbid-aspect of the history of medical education. While today's medical schools rely on body donation (the willing of one's body after death) and the use of unclaimed bodies from public morgues, yesteryear's methods ranged from the use of bodies of executed criminals and Black slaves, to the once-thriving business of grave-robbing and even murder. Until the last 100 or so years, these JULY 1985/5 ��methods dominated the long history of medicine because superstition and archaic laws either made it illegal to practice human dissection or severely restricted the supply of legal cadavers. It would be impossible to imagine medicine being taught today without medical students learning human anatomy through dissection of cadavers. Dissection is a basic discipline of medicine, and the earliest to which a medical student is exposed. evertheless, until 1846, the medical schools at Yale, Jefferson, Columbia, and the University of Pennsylvania conferred degrees without anatomy courses. In the misty ages before recorded history, primitives believed that supernatural retribution would occur if the human corpse was tampered with. Even in ancient Egypt, sophisticated methods of embalming did not increase anatomical knowledge because "mutilation" of the dead was forbidden. In ancient Greece, dissection was banned for a long time, punishable by death. The Greeks believed ghosts would avenge any mutilation of a body. Even Hippocrates never opened a human or animal body. History's first liberalism toward dissection began with Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), who conducted and promoted dissection-but only on animals. The boldness of Herophilus of Alexandria (350-280 B.C.) led him to become the first person to dissect human cadavers for anatomical study, but also led prominent citizens to accuse him of dissecting living humans. Finding the seat of the soul was the goal of his contemporary, Erasistratus (310-250 B.C), who dissected unburied bodies even more actively. Two of his complete skeletons that survived at his Alexandria school remained the only ones in the world for centuries, causing intellectuals to journey there from all over the Mediterranean world to see them. Human dissection was banned again by the Romans when they conquered Alexandria in the first century A.D. The Romans believed that physical dismemberment of the dead prevented resurrection, but they nevertheless had no qualms about sponsoring and enjoying great displays of bloodshed, mutilation, and perpetration of inhumanities upon the living The Romans did tolerate dissection of animals, however, permitting Galen, one of history's gteatest medical men, to write the world's first anatomy text. The only authoritative work of its kind, it remained revered and unchallenged for the next 1400 years. Its only problem was that it was based solely on animals and thus left a legacy of anatomic confusion that was heretical to question even into the 18th century. Galen was the last to practice dissection in any form as superstition and hostility to science gripped Europe until the end of the Medieval Period. Over llOO years passed before the Italian Mondino de Luzzi dared to become the first European to teach from a cadaver. With the blessings of the Pope, he held the first public dissection in 1315, using the body of an executed criminal. As the Rennaissance unfolded, first France and then other countries one by one permitted human dissection. But the rules were strict: it could be done only on executed criminals in public and no more than once a year. In som~ places, only barbers could dissect while physicians and students gazed on. students flocked to the anatomical lectures. Imagine, if you will, the typical anatomy class of the early 17th century: Magnificent anatomical amphitheaters were constructed to seat up to several hundred paying spectators. And spectators they were! Besides students and physicians, curious outsiders, young hecklers, beggars, monks, politicians, prostitutes, and other strange visitors attended. During carnival season, masked mummers and flute players added to what was often a tumultuous and clamorous social function. One document reveals that much more was spent on alcohol and refreshments for a demonstration than on the cadaver, supplies, and equipment. In fact, demonstrations were often fittingly referred to as "circuses," though the word was used to describe the circular shape of the theater with its concentric rising tiers of stands. As if the scene weren't ludicrous enough, dogs were allowed to lurk around the dissection table, waiting to snap up any discarded organs or appendages. The table was lighted by torches or candelabras and was connected to a system of winches, ropes, and levers. The dissection took place according to a stylized rigid structure with five distinct steps, beginning with the bones Body Dissection Becomes a Fad These restrictions gave way as dissection became popular and entered its "Golden Period" (1400-1600). Cadavers became available from hospitals, prisons, poorhouses, and suicides, providing an adequate supply. . Dissection became so popular, in fact, that mediCal JULY 1985/7 �die in order to depict Christ on the cross." Public reaction led to a temporary cut-off of cadavers, and grave robbing entered history for the first time. . . Collections of human cadavers remamed styhsh for quite a while, however. The barbaric genius, Peter the Great, was so enamored of a German anatomist's collection that he paid a fortune for it in 1717. Russian porters were hired to transport it to St. Petersburg, but part of the collection was ruined when the porters got thirsty on the way and drank the pickling alcohol! Interestingly, whiskey was used in later decades to preserve bodies. Body Snatching Becomes a Profession I R I and muscles, followed by the abdominal organs, the heart and lungs, the brain, and finally the vascular and nervous system. Despite th~ circus atmosphere, the course was not really for the unmotivated. Vesalius' strenuous course, for example, had 12-hour day sessions, every day for three weeks. The necessity for this schedule is obvious when one realizes that dissection had to proceed just ahead of decay, and dissections occurred only once a year. Oddly enough, during the Golden Era, the role of the artist in human dissection actually overshadowed the role of the physician. DaVinci, Michelangelo, and Titian were avid dissectionists. In fact, artists ironically conducted more dissections, obtained cadavers more readily, and were less biased and more accurate in their descriptions than were physicians. DaVinci completed 100 dissections and 779 anatomical drawings. So stylish did dissection become that the body of Pope Alexander V was publicly dissected after his death. Michelangelo even went to the extreme ?f demanding repayment in cadavers for any contracts wah the church to produce sculptur~s ..T~is lead to. the rumor that t~e renowned artist was wtlhng to cructfy a man and let htm 8/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN As continental Europe entered the modern period, human dissection generally remained acceptable and cadavers were easily available from many sources. Great Britain and America remained the glaring exceptions, however. Although Britain boasted fine medical schools, the only legal (and very inadequate) source for cadavers was executed criminals. Compounding the dilemma were the anti-witchcraft law that punished anyone disinterring a corp~e and the contr~dictory education. law that required candtdates for a medteal degree to furntsh evidence they had dissected several cadavers. The students added further pressure by publicly accusing their professors of inactivity or parsimony when supplies were low. So physicians met their demand for specimens by grave-robbing. At first, the physicians and their apprentices themselves robbed the graveyards, but it became more practical to hire society's "rascals" to do it-low class grave diggers, criminals, and mercenaries that became known as body snatchers, resurrectionists, sack-' em-up men, and bogey men. Clever gangs could resurrect up to 400 corpses a year bringing in 1500 guineas ?r $26,000 (in 1985 dollars) a yea; at a rate of $69 a body. Smce more was paid for unburied b?dies, grave robbers always care~ully watched sick, pen~~~ess, and ~omeless people unttl they died. They also JOmed up wtt.h un~crupulous undertakers, who substituted heavy obJects m the caskets, and split the fee. Many graveyards, especially paupers fields became so plundered (up to 2000 bodies a year removed from one Dublin cemetery) that relatives of the deceased would pay for wrought iron coffins, hire armed graveyard watchmen erect special iron grills around their loved ones' coffins' and even set traps and spring guns. ' Demand became so great that resurrectionist gangs organized into unlicensed guilds that roamed the count~yside on dark nights. When the full moon shone, they either stayed home ~r drank themselves into a stupor in the tave~ns. Sof!le gUJids even had monopolies on certain cem~tenes. Thts.led to qu~rrels and even gang wars, includmg desecr~ttOn of coffms, _van?alizing of physicians' laboratones, vtolence, and pohce mvestigations. Huma.n freaks a~d especially giants were coveted by the more avt.d anatomt~t~ of that era. The aptly named Dr. John Hunter, m competttton with other surgeons, schemed in I ~83 .to pro~u~e the body of the dying Irish giant, Charles C? Bnen. 0 Br.ten, upon learning that the doctor had destgns upon hts ca.rcass, ordered that when he died he should be placed m a lead coffin and buried at sea. But the men whom the _und~rtaker hired to watch the eightfoot corpse, a~ the htstoncal account goes, "watched also th.e opport~,mty to refr~sh their lesser but Jiving bodies ~!th ltquor. Dr. Hunters servant met the "body" guards m the ale house and finally convinced them to switch stone for the body for the exorbitant (in 1783) price of $ 2 , 500 . �Thus the mortal remains of Charles O'Brien were conveyed to the doctor's home in the middle of the night for dissection. In an example of loyalty that few physicians have ever known, one surgeon's apprentices disguised themselves as mourners at the wake for a 7-foot-9-inch giant. Somehow, they convinced the mourners to drink whiskey laced with laudenum (opium). With the relatives in an inebriated stupor, the loyal medical students lifted the giant's coffin onto a detached door and triumphantly marched out before the enraged relatives discovered the act. When a mob later arrived at the medical school, the dean quelled a riot by paying them all off. Body Snatching Brings About a B~cklas.h As in Great Britain, legal supplies of cadavers m Amenca (executed criminals and men who died in gun duels) were scarce from 1790 to 1830. Expectedly, grave-robbing flourished . But unlike in Britain, the illegal sources were primarily the bodies of Black slaves, as well as white paupers, since this was the most socially powerless group in 19th century society. In some areas, body snatching was so prevalent that many paupers and slaves were acutely aware that burial in potter's fields (paupers' graveyards) was a mockery whenever anatomy classes were in session at nearby medical schools. Asking to buried elsewhere was often their dying request. During a debate about the issue, one politician lamented, "Rattle his bones over the stones, He is only a pauper whom nobody owns." Lest the reader think that body snatching did not cause public uproar, a number of major riots did periodically erupt. Indignation in Great Britain even led to the murder of two surgeons in 1830 (certainly a much greater threat than malpractice suits). America has the distinction of having had more antigrave robbing uprisings and riots than any other nation. The worst was the "Doctor's Riot of 1788" in New York City, triggered by publicity about body snatching. The Columbia Medical School was ransacked, four doctors were almost lynched, and the state militia had to be called out"to quell a mob of 5000. When it ended, eight rioters had been shot dead. Perhaps the most publicized event in the bizarre history of dissection was related to two Scottish men who went a little overboard in their greed to profit from the dead. William Burke and William Hare were a couple of low-life entrepreneurs who eagerly engaged in grave robbing for one of the greatest anatomists of the time, Dr. Robert Knox of Edinburgh, Scotland. Dr. Knox, a heavy user of cadavers, never questioned where the cadavers carne from so Burke and Hare decided to increase the supply by suffocating unsuspecting old women and men. By the time they were captured in 1828, they had murdered 16 people. Hare turned state's evidence, and Burke was convicted. Dr. Knox's punishment was public disgrace, but Burke's was public dissection- after his execution, of course. Burke's hanging was witnessed by 25,000 paid spectatOrs, and his public dissection by an?th~r 2?,000, probably the greatest audience for a dissection m history. His skeleton now stands in the Anatomy Museum m Edinburgh. The morbid murders led to the passing of the Warburton Anatomy Act of 1832, Britain's first law that made unclaimed bodies available for medical dissection as well as body donation through wills. America's first law was passed by Massachusetts the preceding year, also makmg it legal to use unclaimed bodies. Though the statute ended grave-robbing in that state, it took up to 50 years for many other states to pass their anatomy acts (Pennsylvania in 1867, Illinois in 1885). Buffalo's Body Snatchers Buffalo was no different from other cities with medical schools. Dr. Oliver P. Jones, UB's distinguished professor emeritus of anatomy, in his 1981 Buffalo Physician article, "Confessions of Three Grave Robbers," described five known grave robbing incidents involving UB and Buffalo. The earliest occurred nine months before the University of Buffalo received its charter in 1847. William Waterman, M.D., grave-robbed six bodies and tried to ship them to an Ohio medical college via Canada. He was convicted and sentenced to a three-year prison term , but was pardoned after serving eight months. Dr. Corydon LaFord was one of UB's first demonstrators of anatomy and our school's first documented body snatcher. 1848 records indicate that $10 per cadaver was paid. LaFord later moved on and up to professor of anatomy at the University of Michigan, bringing his body snatching trade with him. In 1858, documents reveal, one of our physiology professors requested $25 from the Medical School dean to purchase. two stolen bodies. Even one of our alumni was a body snatcher. Dr. S.W. Wetmore (Class of 1862) became demonstrator of anatomy and with the help of his students, personally dug up bodies. So where does such a man of distinction go next? He became a dean, of course, of a rival medical college in Buffalo (now defunct). Even then, he still practiced his body snatching on the side. Body Snatching Scandal Is Laid To Rest Many other bizarre events ensued during those decades, especially in neighboring Ohio. The (now) University of Cincinnati College of Medicine was the location of two of the most unusual incidents. In the 1860s, the responsibility for supplying the cadavers for that medical college rested on the broad shoulders of a Mr. William Cunningham. But "Old Man Dead," as he was known, went too far when he delivered a smallpox corpse to the school, infecting several students. Cunningham's skeleton now rests in the University's museum. The second incident is almost too incredible to be true. In 1878, U.S. Senator John Scott Harrison passed away and was buried. The next day, one of his sons went to the (now) University of Cincinnati to locate the stolen body of a friend . One of the bodies shown to him, to his absolute horror, was that of his just buried, just "resurrected" father, John Scott Harrison, who also happened to be the son of the 9th U.S. President William Henry Harrison and the father of the (yet to be) 21st President Benjamin Harrison. The other son, politician Benjamin Harrison, arrived on the scene the next day, arousing public emotions even more. Three years later, Ohio's anatomy act was passed. Virtually all 50 states now have anatomy laws that make unclaimed bodies available for medical education. However, a large proportion of medical schools obtain their cadavers by bequest and, in UB 's case, the body donation program is so successful that it is the only source for specimens. Today, the entire controversy about grave robbing has been laid to rest, pardon me, I mean that the issue is dead and buried. In any case, little has been mentioned about the origin of those familiar demonstration skeletons hanging in the glass cases ... . Well, that's another story. • JULY 1985/9 �he world's smallest thermometer and the world's smallest heater may soon be entered in the Guinness World Book of Records. The minuscule devices were invented during the last several months in the laboratory of UB biophysicist Frederick Sachs, Ph.D., to measure temperature changes in single cells as part of a biomedical research project. The ultra-microthermometer and ultra-microheater, as Dr. Sachs refers to the instruments, are part of hand-held devices that taper into a tip that is invisible to the unaided eye. "The sensing tip and the heating element are both approximately one micron in diameter," the associate professor of biophysical sciences relates. For comparison, a single strand of hair is over 50 microns thick (there are approximately 25,000 microns to an inch). Dr. Sachs has recently submitted a patent application for the devices. In addition, his article describing them will be published this fall in the journal, Methods in Enzymology. "The thermometer is a double barrelled glass micropipette with a hole between the two barrels near the tip. It is filled with an ionic solution. The pipette is attached to an amplifier that measures the electrical resistance of the solution," Dr. Sachs explains. When the pipette is inserted in or touched to a single cell (or any other microscopic object) the attached instrument can measure the temperature because the resistance of the pipette solution varies with temperature. The ultra-micro- 10/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN thermometer is capable of detecting temperature differences of one ten-millionth of a degree C, making it one of the most sensitive thermometers ever invented. Dr. Sachs believes it may also be the fastest thermometer in that it can measure changes in temperature in as little as 100 microseconds. The diminutive heating element is also a tiny glass pipette. It is filled with a bismuth-tin alloy and coated on the outside with gold. Where the outside and inside metal layers join at the tip is the heating element. Heat is generated because the ultra-microheater is attached to an electrical current source. The gold layers that produce the heating element are only 100 angstroms, or 50 molecules thick. Heat can be produced and varied to within onetenth of a degree (centigrade). Up until now, the smallest thermometers were a thermistor, a type of semiconductor used to measure the heat of chemical reactions, and a thermocouple, composed of two dissimilar metals that generate a temperature dependent voltage. The two devices are, respectively, 100 times and 20 times larger than Dr. Sachs' ultra-microthermometer. Although smaller heaters can be produced by using integrated circuit technology, they are not, for all practical purposes, useful as general purpose heating elements because they cannot be easily manipulated or moved from one object of study to another. Dr. Sachs did not invent the minuscule devices to seek a world record. "I just needed a way to measure the temperature of the cells we were experimenting with " he points out. "No existing instrument was small enough to measure the temperature, so one had to be invented." It �wasn't until the devices were perfected that it occurred to him they were the smallest such instruments in existence. Similarly, it never occurred to Dr. Sachs to submit the record to the Guinness Book of World Records until a short while ago. "Yes, it's a good idea to document the record for them. And, besides, my son will really get a kick out of it," he adds. he devices were developed for Dr. Sachs' investigation into ion channels, which are special molecules on cell membranes. They are the smallest units of biological excitability because they transmit electrical impulses, when stimulated by touch or chemicals, that are perceived as sensation by the brain. Dr. Sachs recently discovered the first mechanically-sensitive ion channel (see accompanying article) that may explain the fundamental mechanism for the senses of hearing, touch, and body awareness. Dr. Sachs personally invented the ultramicrothermometer, and had assistance for the ultramicroheater from Research Assistant Professor Tony Auerbach and research technicians Rich McGarrigle and Jim eil. His research is currently funded by a ational Institutes of Health grant. Sachs. is working with the HealthRelated Instruments and Device Institute (HIDI) and the Western ew York Technology Development Center, two UB-spawned high-tech businesses. They are looking to develop manufacturers in Western New York that will produce Sachs' and others' devices for specific applications. In medicine, the microscropic heater may be useful in surgery as an ultra-microcautery that could make very fine incisions. Its advantages over laser surgery would be its inexpensiveness and its ability to regulate temperature during cauterization. Industrial applications being considered are in measuring temperature of integrated circuits to improve their design by avoiding flaws. The devices may also be used to improve the design of automobile engines by developing temperature profiles of flame spread in combustion chambers. The tiny thermometer can also be used in research in which it is necessary to measure temperatures of single capillaries, body cells such as nerves, single celled organisms such as amoeba, and chemical reactions taking place in very tiny volumes. It can also measure metabolism in different parts of a cell. For instance, during a contraction cycle of a muscle cell, the ultra-microthermometer will tell which parts of the contractile mechanism of the cell are absorbing or emitting heat. This can be used to match predictions of biochemical models for muscle contraction. "We are constantly thinking of new things to do with the device. It will have many potential applications," Sach states. The tiny instruments are not Dr. Sachs' only inventions. He has two patents related to microelectrodes and a patent pending for an automated device to produce electrodes. The last mentioned device is now being manufactured by Sutter Instruments of California. Four other inventions have patent applications under review. He is on the editorial boards of the Biophysical journal and the journal of Cellular Neurobiology and is a reviewer for Science and six other journals. • JULY 1985/11 ��Trackin the Sense o Touch By Bruce S. Kershner "Stimulate mv ion channels!':_could this become the catchword o( the future to express erotic interest? Maybe not, but it could be the way to explain how erotic stimulation-as well as all tactile and kinetic sensation-actually occurs in the body. A UB biophysicist has discovered what could be the fundamental mechanism for the perception of touch, body awareness, pressure, and stretch.1 Dr. Frederick Sachs has found enzyme molecules on cell membranes that, when touched. send an electrical impulse through a channel in their structure to ultimately transmit physical sensation. The +-!-year-old associate professor of biophysical sciences refers to those molecules as ion channels because of the exchange of ions through their pore-like structure. Dr. Sachs calls this mechanically sensitive type of ion channel the " 'quantum unit of mechanical excitability.' If you subdivide it, there's no excitability left, while larger structures just involve more ion channels and the couplings between them," he explains. "These ion channels appear to be an essential mechanism by which the body communicates with itself and individual cells communicate with themselves," Dr. Sachs points out. This cell-to-cell internal communication means, in effect, that the body can be viewed as one large sensory organ. These sensations include not only the generalized touch sense (both sexual and non-sexual) but also such diffuse and internal responses as blood pressure, cerebrospinal pressure, heart and lung inflation, bladder filling, distension of the gut, and organ stretch, even extending to such universal functions as cell volume regulation and body homeostasis. These physical senses are referred to as mechanoreception. In addition, the mechanically-sensitive ion channels help to explain the senses of hearing and balance, which depend on the pressure-sensitive hairs in the cochlea and vestibular. At first glance, one would expect that much is already known about the mechanoreceptor mechanisms. For instance, the structures of certain microscopic, specialized sensory organs in skin, inner ear, muscles, tendons, and joints are well known. These organs, which include muscle spindle organs, cochlear hairs, Golgi tendon organs, Pacinian and Meissner's corpuscles, and Krause end bulbs. respond to mechanical deformation from pressure, stretch, and tension. Some of these organs, when physically stimulated, produce an electric current which results in impulses that travel through the neural pathways to the spinal cord and brain where they are perceived as touch, pain, pressure, or sound. Other less complicated sensory organs such as free nerve endings and Ruffini endings are found throughout the body but until now, have been too small to measure for their response. Dr. Frederick Sachs at work on the mystery of touch in his campus research lab. JULY 1985/13 �Extracellular Intracellular Cytoskeletal Strands The knowledge about these organs' structure and ability to send impulses has told us little about how the physical stimulation is actually translated into the electrical nerve impulse. The situation is analogous to a person who has learned that flicking a light switch turns a light on and off because it somehow sends an electric current to the light. The person will not, however, understand the fundamental mechanism if he does not actually know how the switch box electronically performs the operation. The answer to how physical stimulation is translated into electrical impulses, Or. Sachs found, is at the molecular level in the cell membrane. The existence of ion channels is not new but other known ion channels such as those in nerve synapses, Schwann cells, muscle, blood, pancreas, and heart cells seem to be insensitive to mechanical stimulation. Thev are instead triggered by electrical current or by chemicals such as calcium ions or neurotransmitters. The ion channels that Dr. Sachs discovered are the first known to be sensitive to mechanical stimulation, that is, they can convert (transduce) mechanical energy into electrical energy. Or. Sachs' research indicates that the process that ultimately leads to perception of pressure and touch probably works as follows: "The cell membrane is basically composed of phospholipids overlying a cytoskeleton network of fibers," he elucidates. "Interspersed across this fibrous network are large protein molecules." The large proteins are the ion channels, and could be referred to as the sensory "quark," or the smallest indivisible unit capable of responding to mechanical stimulation 14/BUFFALO PHYSICIAN Cross-section (above) of ion channels on cell membrane. Patch clamp probe (below) measuring muscle fiber ion channels. en 0 w w ...J u a: <( ::. § L-----------------------~~~==~------__j~ �by producing an electrical impulse. "The molecule is suspected to contain at least one lysine group and have 250,000 atomic weight, but nothing else is known about its structure," he adds. hen a physical object comes into contact with the W cell membrane, the fiber network is stretched. The ion channels attached to this network are triggered. Because their structure is "pore-like," the triggering releases a flow of ions (the generator current) through a hole in the molecule and into the cell, depolarizing it. This in turn evokes an action potential which travels up the nerve axon or releases a chemical transmitter. In either case, the message travels the neural pathways until it reaches the brain and is perceived as pressure, touch, or erotic sensation, depending, of course, on where it originated on the body. Interestingly, the ion channels Dr. Sachs has studied so far are not selective for any type of cation. They do not distinguish well between potassium, sodium, lithium, cesium, or even certain organic chemicals. Because they are situated on the cytoskeletal fibers, the ion channels gather energy from an area of membrane (1/IOOth of a square micron) 100 times larger than the area occupied by the molecule itself (100 angstroms). The protein that serves as an ion channel is also an enzyme because it is capable of catalyzing (lowering the free energy for) the passage of ions from one side of the cell membrane to another. Though they don't act like classical enzymes, "they are, in fact, very efficient enzymes, capable of sending an ion across an energy barrier that is 80 times its thermal energy. This is at least 10,000 times higher than the most efficient soluble enzymes," Dr. Sachs reports. Dr. Sachs made the discovery with Dr. Falguni Guharay, research associate in biophysical sciences. "With a tissue-cultured skeletal muscle tissure of a chick embryo, we used a patch clamp to measure ion channel activity," Dr. Sachs relates. A patch clamp is a small glass pipette with a micron-wide tip filled with saline solution. After it is pushed against the cell membrane, a micrometerdriven syringe creates suction to draw in a small bubbleshape'd portion of membrane called a "bleb" (a little "blob"). "Some, as yet mysterious, forces hold the bleb of membrane in place and seal it tightly to the glass," Dr. Sachs continues, "so that any current that flows through the membrane is forced to flow into the amplifier instead of leak back out into solution. "What we noticed when we applied the suction was that considerable bursts of ion channel activity occurred. When we increased the suction, the current increased in the bleb. We also learned that the current varied as we varied the suction and that it could be repeated indefinitely." Because he knows the geometry of the pipette bubble, he could actually estimate the force needed to stimulate the ion channels. The channel is only I/IOOth the diameter of the pipette, but is activated by stretching attached micro-filaments that are I/IOth of the diameter of the pipette. He estimates that between two and five strands are attached to each ion channel. T o make sure the ion channels were not a type that was already known, Drs. Sachs and Guharay treated them with a-bungarotoxin and acetylcholine. The channels remained active, confirming that they were not altered nicotinic acid channels, which were the original object of their research. Dr. Sachs discovered the mechanically-sensitive ion channels unintentionally while he was trying to understand the mechanisms of chemically activated ion channels. "Because we discovered the mechanically-sensitive channels by serendipity, it emphasizes the value of basic research. You just can't predict where new and significant answers will show up," he emphasizes. "I wasn't even touching a tactile receptor cell, but a muscle cell." Similar activity has apprently been measured in other types of cells, but, Dr. Sachs says, those researchers dismissed the responses as artifacts or overlooked their significance. Dr. Sachs is still at the earliest stages of this new field of research, but he postulates that the discovery could lead to a great expansion in our medical knowledge. "It may become possible to manipulate the mechanoreceptors to correct flawed blood pressure regulation in humans and the syndromes caused by it," he speculates. It could also have potential in prevention of pain, in rehabilitation of sensory and motor-impaired patients, and in sexual problems of a physical nature. Studying these new ion channels is now Dr. Sachs' first priority. He plans next to define the chemical nature of the channels and their fiber attachments. He will attempt to develop antibodies that will "stick" to the channels to block them, one method of further verifying their role. He expects to describe his newest results at the annual American Physiological Society Conference in a symposium, "The Cytoskeleton and Membrane Signalling." The conference will be held in Niagara Falls, .Y., in October. He hopes that his findings will gain attention elsewhere so other researchers will investigate further. After coming upon the ion channels, Dr. Sachs "suddenly realized there is almost nothing about it in the literature. Here's a mechanism that is so universal-it is absolutely everywhere, but there is virtually no information about it. "Not only is there no forum or journal that deals with this, but there are probably only four groups in the world working on this mechanism," he notes. Three of the groups are located at M.I.T., Massachusetts General Hospital, and the University of San Francisco. Although the exact role of these ion channels is still unclear, Dr. Sachs theorizes that in some cells, they might be related to cell volume regulation and that they could be prototypes of the transducers in free nerve endings or specialized sensory organs. "This mechanoreceptor function is probably so fundamental that if you have a congenital error, the embryo is dead. You just don't see general syndromes relating to flawed mechanoreceptor systems-it's so deep and essential to life," he comments. Since it may be the same mechanism found in both animals and plants, it could be an integral part of the physical senses of all organisms. Dr. Sachs received his Ph.D. from State University of New York's Upstate Medical Center in Syracuse, N.Y., in 1969. After holding research positions at the University of Hawaii and the ational Institutes of Health, he joined the faculty of UB's School of Medicine in 1975. He is on the editorial boards of the Biophysical journal and the journal of Cellular Neurobiology and is a reviewer for Science and six other journals. An author of 42 publications, he is currently funded by an NIH grant. The New York City native holds two patents for microelectrode apparatus and has several others pending. • 1 Journal of Physiology (June 1984 and June 1985 (in press) issues) JULY 1985/15 �. )ICAL S(,EIOOL EWS Dean for a Decade: Dr. Naughton reaches a milestone D B y Bruce S. Ke rshner ean for a decade- that's the milestone that john Naughton, M.D. reached on March 1, 1985 . The Oklahoma University graduate left George Washington University in 1975 to become dean of UB's School of Medicine, replacing acting dean F. Carter Pannill, Jr., M.D. Since then, much has changed at UB and the Medical School. And some of those changes bear the indelible imprint of Dr. Naughton as he has strived to strengthen the School's standing among the 127 medical schools in the nation . A brief celebration to honor Dr. and Mrs. aughton was held in Farber Hall, where they were presented with Waterford crystal. When asked to reflect on the past ten years, especially the School's reputation, the dean and vice president for clinical affairs replied, "When I first came, Buffalo had always been recognized as a school with a lot of potential. 16/BUFFALO PHYSICIA It was especially acknowledged for strengths in areas such as immunology, physiology, pediatrics, and cancer research (in association with Roswell Park). But in the mid-1970s these strengths had not achieved a mass effect for the School. "Since then, we've been able to deal with many of those problems that were preventing us from obtaining that overall reputation of excellence. I think our image has grown nicely. It's been reflected by our commitment to neurobiology and neuroscience (directed by Don Faber), our strong programs in gerontology (led by Evan Calkins), as well as our respected programs in pediatric lung disease, spinal surgery, hand surgery, biochemistry, biotechnology, pediatric surgery, and GI research, to name a few." With these and other programs he mentioned, such as anatomy, biophysics and pharmacology, Dr. Naughton hopes that the Medical School will grow during the next ten years into "an unquestioned enterprise." He feels fortunate that some of his initial goals in the triad of education, research, and clinical programs have �been largely met while others are making good progress. "One of my goals was to strengthen our educational enterprise and to make sure we had a curriculum that was solid and yet provided opportunity for diversity and individualization," he related. ''I'm very satisfied with our results." Strengthening the research programs he feels has made great progress because the School has successfully recruited faculty with demonstrated research skills, who in turn have recruited more extramural support. to the status of clinical enterprise, "Our creaR eferring tion of the Graduate Medical Consortium has helped to realize the goal of improving the coordination of the clinical education of the house staff," he explains. "And we have also strengthened the role of the department chairmen (25 of them) as academic leaders of their programs-that was another one of the original goals." One of his objectives, however, the building program, has been frustratingly slow to be realized. The new Medical School facility, under planning and construction since 1982, is scheduled to be completed in 1986. "Ten years ago, one of our problems was that a lot of the basic science faculty were dispersed around the city because the orth Campus wasn't ready yet," he commented. "Now that the nursing and pharmacy schools have moved to separate quarters, it has allowed us to reorganize and centralize at least the basic science faculty to the South Campus. The only major basic science unit off campus is Social & Preventive Medicine, and that unit will be relocated here when the building program is completed." The completion of the new building, Dr. aughton feels, is required before the pre-clinical programs can be totally operationally sound. But an ongoing challenge will remain even after the school moves into its new quarters. "The threat of instability in our clinical enterprise will always remain because we're still a medical school with a number of fragmented programs dispersed over a wide territory," he states. These operate at a time when the hospital enterprise is also threatened both locally and nationally by major changes in health care. '1\lthough we're a much more secure medical school than in 1975, we're still somewhat vulnerable-we don't control everything about our environment," he explains, referring to government funding and regulations as well as radical developments in the health care industry. "We'll always have to work to strengthen our clinical enterprise while making sure that our educational mission is maintained. All of the ongoing difficulties are not one day suddenly going to be resolved. Protecting what we've already accomplished has to be one of our future goals." Besides completing the new building (and the improvement or programs that it will make possible), and ensuring that current accomplishments remain safe, Dr. aughton has a well thought-out blueprint for the next ten years. An even greater emphasis on research and develop- mentis an important objective. The M.D./Ph.D., Buswell, Summer Fellowship, and other programs will be tapped to solidify this goal. In addition, Dr. aughton wants to strengthen and stabilize the 15 clinical departments, and also encourage more clinical research. Keeping ahead in recruitment of quality students is a very important element in his plans. "We're always looking for ways to attract the highest caliber students," he notes. The vice president wants the admissions program to continue its commitment to strengthening and enhancing its recruitment of minority and underserved groups. He also wants UB to be the school of choice for Western ew Yorkers who want to train as physicians and medical researchers. uring his ten years, Dr. Naughton has seen many D changes and difficulties. "When I arrived here, we had gone through a period of chronic difficulty. The School had to make the transition from a private to a public institution. Every time an accreditation team visited, there were always more problems that hadn't been dealt with than those that had been," he related. There was also a quick succession of deans, three in six years. Dr. aughton has seen the School's reputation grow since those days of instability. He points to the greater national role of the School's professors in professional organizations. The School has increased from the 40th percentile to the 66th in student academic standing, and from 35th place (out of 127) to 26th place in extramural funding. How has the dean changed over the same period of time? Of course, he assumed the position of vice president for clinical affairs in 1984, while remaining dean of the Medical School. But on a personal level, he recognizes that he had to Jearn "that you don't achieve all of your goals in a short time. It's a long time-frame and I've had to become more accepting of the need for patience." He also recognized that you can't do everything yourself and that it is crucial that you select- and rely ondedicated, capable people to carry out your goals. "We couldn't have accomplished what we have, or what we plan, without the assistant and associate deans, staff, faculty, students, alumni, and others who have been willing to carry their share. I am grateful for their help." When pressed to select areas that he is particularly proud of, Dr. Naughton replied that he "feels good that the School has operated in an open fashion and that we encourage participation from all our constituencies." He also points to the fact that the annual faculty meeting has become a major event with wide participation. Another accomplishment is that the School has full accreditation without the need for annual progress reports. "That makes you feel the effort was really worth it." Lastly, the 51-year-old cardiologist is pleased that the health care community and community-at-large "see the School as a place of action and important medical developments. And it is clear that they often look to the School for leadership. I feel very good about that." • JULY 1985/ 17 �\ Beijing-DB exchange visitors 1 T he People's Republic of China hosted the UB Department of Nuclear Medicine's representative, Dr. Hank Kung, Ia t fall, as part of the precedent-setting agreement between the department and China. In turn, UB hosted three Chinese scholars and researchers this April. The three-year agreement between UB and Beijing ormal University (BNU) in China appears to be the first agreement between U.S. and Chinese scientists to conduct joint research in nuclear medicine. Dr. Kung's visit was the first visit from Buffalo resulting from the faculty exchange program between the two universities. Radiopharmaceutical research and collaboration with BNU's Department of Chemistry, which has been ongoing since the agreement commenced, will result in joint publication of scientific articles in Chinese and American journals. The latest development in the cooperative program was the week-long visit to Buffalo in early April by vice chairman of B U's Chemistry Department, Professor Liu; director of B U's radiochemistry lab, Professor Jing; and radiochemical researcher Mr. Sun. While here, they lectured and toured facilities. D r. Kung spent a month in China, with nearly half that time being spent in Beijing, the nation's capital. There, he lectured on his research to the BNU Chemistry Department's Division of Radiochemical Research. Dr. Kung and his associates have perfected a brain imaging agent that permits safer, less costly, and often more accurate diagnosis and management of stroke and other brain diseases. Refered to as J123HJPDM, the drug is used in the diagnostic brain-imaging technique called single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). "Now, because of the visit," Dr. Kung relates, "we will initiate two new research projects. We'll introduce for the first time the basic techniques and research methods to develop new radiopharmaceuticals which will yield benefits in the care of patients." Dr. Kung refers to joint research using Technetium 99 (TC-99m) which , besides I 12 3HJPDM , is the other ongoing research project between the two countries. "TC-99m is now the most important diagnostic radiopharmaceutical being used," Kung points out. While in China , he spoke before one group of 500, and many other groups, presenting information on the state-of-theart of radiopharmaceuticals in the U.S. Besides BNU, he also visited Beijing's major heart institute and their tumor research center. anjing, a city of 1-1/2 million near Shanghai, where Dr. Kung spent two days, is the national training center for all teachers and professors. Kung lectured there before the national meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. He visited and lectured, too, at the Wuxi uclear Medicine Institute, also outside Shanghai , where China's most sophisticated nuclear medicine facility is located. Several days were spent in Hongxuo (formerly Hangchow), south of hanghai, at Jiejang Medical College. Shanghai , the world 's largest city with 12 million, was where he spent his last five days, lecturing at the second Medical College of Shanghai and the uclear Medicine Department, among other activities. A lthough Kung accomplished much scientifically during his month-long visit , all was not business. He did get to visit some cultural sites, including the l J �awesome Great Wall of China, the Summer Palace and the Great Palace in Beijing. He had a chance, too, to visit with his long-separated family. Dr. Kung was born in Fujien, near Hong Kong, but left the country when he was four. This was his first visit back to his land of birth . He was glad to have been reunited with his brother and uncle and spent time with them in Shanghai. Kung's wife Mei-Ping accompanied him to China. They also visited her uncle and family there. When asked about his personal impressions, he commented , "I had mixed feelings. I'm still very much attached to the history and culture of China. It's a beautiful country. But it saddens me to see the poverty and know the citizens do not have too much control over their own fates. "Though China is quite poor compared to American standards, I was still impressed by the researchers in China who, despite the poor conditions, make great strides in both research and patient care. "The physicians in China are not a wellpaid bunch-the chauffeurs who drove us around probably make more than the MD's. Salary is controlled by the government; there is no private practice. Financial rewards for intellectuals suffered during the Cultural Revolution and that effect is still present. ''As a result, doctors choose their field only because of their love for it ," he concluded. Initial contact with Chinese nuclear scientists occurred in July 1980 at a scientific conference in St. Louis, followed by a 16-month research stay at UB by a BNU professor. Dr. Monte Blau, former Nuclear Medicine chairman, then visited China for one month, followed by a two-month visit to Buffalo by BNU 's Chemistry Department president. The agreement was reached shortly thereafter. Further visits by Chinese scholars to conduct research are expected. An associate professor of chemistry, Dr. Xu, is expected to arrive at UB this June to spend a year conducting research planning. She will be funded by a Chinese government support fellowship. Summing up his feelings about his visit to China , Dr. Kung says, "I came away with a better understanding of what they • are doing and what they need ." Dean announces four appointments F our major appointments in the Medical School 's administration were announced recently by Dean John Naughton. Dr. Dennis Nadler, clinical assistant professor of pediatrics since 1974, has been appointed assistant dean for student affairs, effective January 1, 1985. For the past five years, Dr. Nadler has been involved in preparing and advising students in pediatrics, and for the past two years has run the resident matching program in association with the School's Office of Medical Education. His appointment formalizes and expands these duties. In coordinating the student advisement program , he will continue to prepare dean's letters and run the match program. His expanded role will include responsibility for restructuring the program to make it more relevant and helpful for students to select their career goals and to get into their preferred residency programs. Other areas for an expanded role will be developed as the program's needs indicate. Dr. adler is a UB Medical School alumnus (1971) and completed his pediatric residency at Children's Hospital in 1974. He has been acting director of pediatrics at Erie County Medical Center since 1977 and is pediatric consultant for the United Cerebral Palsy Association, WNY Chapter. D r. Gerald Sufrin has been reappointed as chairman of the Department of Urology, effective for three years. He has been that department's chairman since 1981. The professor of urology is also director of urology at Buffalo General Hospital. He was recently selected to the American Association o f Genito-Urinary Surgeons and the American Urological Association. The Alpha Omega Alpha member was previously appointed to the Surgery, Anesthesiology and Trauma Study Section of the ational Institutes of Health (NIH) , is active on other committees of NIH , and the National Kidney Foundation, and is on the board of trustees of the Foundation of Buffalo General Hospital. T he new chairman of the Department of Neurology is Dr. Michael Cohen, who served as acting chairman since June 1983. The professor of neurology and pediatrics received his medical degree from UB in 1961 and his bachelor's from Dartmouth in 1957. He is the director of Children's Hospital's Pediatric eurology Program and was medical director for the United Cerebral Palsy Association, WNY Chapter, for five years. A Buffalo native, the Alpha Omega Alpha member is on the editorial board of the journal of Pediatric Neurology and the author of several dozen research articles and book chapters. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Neurology, and is active in numerous professional University, and hospital organizations. D r. Marvin Herz, similarly, has been reappointed as chairman of UB's Department o f Psychiatry, where he has served since 1978 . The professor of psychiatry is director of psychiatry at Erie Co unty Medical Center and head of Buffalo General's Department o f Psychiatry. He earned his master's degree in psychology from Yale and his medical degree from Chicago Medica! School (1955), where he was honored in 1982 with a DisJULY 1985/19 �tinguished Alumnus Award. Before coming to B, he was a professor of psychology at Emory University, Atlanta . The author of 70 publications has been active on numerous committees of the ationa! In titute for Mental Health and the American Psychiatric Association. • J. Donald Gass receives Howe Medal T he prestigious Lucien Howe Prize Med:Il in recognition of outstanding contributions to ophthalmology has been awarded to J. Donald Gass, M .D., of the niversity of Miami 's School of Medicine and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida. The awardee was selected by a special committee appointed by University President Steven Sample. The Medal and a 250 honorarium were presented to Dr. Gass by Vice President john Naughton, dean of the Medical School, at the annual dinner meeting of the Buffalo Ophthalmology ociety on April 18. The Howe Prize had been awarded most recently to Dr. Byron Smith of ew York City in 1979. The medal has been awarded every several years since 1928. • Rehabilitation is Harrington Topic D r. Philip H. . Wood, 1985 Harrington Lecturer, (pictured at right) spoke on the criteria for rehabilitation of elderly and handicapped patients during a presentation at UB's W Y Geriatric Education Center on April 10, 1985. The professor of community medicine at the University of Manchester also presented an epidemiology of rheumatic diseases. He is director of the Epidemiology Research nit, Arthritis and Rheumatism Council for Research in the UK. 20/BUFFALO PHYSIC1A �Hospitals pool collection efforts S mart shopping for low credit will save six area hospitals more than $90,000 this year, according to Buffalo General Health Care network Coordinator joanne Spoth. Member institutions of the BGH network - formed two years ago to provide quality, cost effective health care to the WNY community - recently signed a one-year agreement to pool their combined S3. 7 million in unpaid patient hospital bills to realize a collection savings between 10 to 25 per cent. Buffalo General Health Care Network is comprised of Bertrand Chaffee Hospital, Springville; Buffalo General Hospital , Buffalo; Genesee Memorial Hospital, Batavia; Lake Shore Hospital, Irving; Lockport Memorial Hospital, Lockport; and TriCounty Memorial Hospital, Gowanda. After six months, hospitals turn over unpaid patient bills to a collection agency which recovers the debt for the institution at a commission fee of 35 to 50 per cent on the recovered bills. Financial officers of the BGH Network hospitals decided to contract their combined debt to receive low rates in the hospital 's pay back to the collection agency. The agreement, effective April I, is anticipated to save the six hospitals approximately $90,000 this year. The plan, which protects the confidentiality of individual hospitals, states that a flat rate will be charged for accounts placed with the designated Buffalo-based collection agency within six months after patient services are rendered. Also, extra savings with the agreement will be realized: a retroactive clause applies the new, lower rate to any accounts the individual hospitals may have with the agency. "The agreement's financial benefit to etwork hospitals represents one of many fiscal matters the coalition is currently considering. It also shows that small and large hospitals are working together for the benefit of everyone," said Ms. Spoth. More than 1500 acute care beds and about 4400 hospital employees are represented by the Network, which is committed to joint planning to provide people throughout W Y with the best in • health care resources. BGH participating in OIL Flights T he Buffalo General Hospital has become a participating member of a charitable nationwide emergency program that provides transportation to secure donor hearts for heart transplants. The Oil Industry Lifesaving Flights Program (OIL Flights), based in Houston , Texas, is available to all major transplant centers in the United States. OIL Flights also provides transportation for liver, heart-lung, and pancreas transplants. Under the OIL Flights program, which began January 1, 1984, participating oil company members assist in the transport of organs, donors, recipients, or surgical teams by making corporate aircraft available or by contributing funds to charter aircraft for emergency flights. Buffalo General joins the program which includes eight other transplant centers. Among them are Stanford University Medical Center; the University of Pittsburgh Medical School; and the Mayo Clinic. There are 47 participating oil industry companies with 55 available aircraft located in 21 cities in 11 states. There is a strong need for the OIL Flights program. Few medical insurance policies cover organ transportation requirements. Also, many organs for transplantation require rapid transport, and the type of aircraft necessary is not always available locally. In a heart transplant, for instance, surgery must be accomplished within four hours after the donor heart is removed. OIL Flights provided the transportation for BGH's second heart transplant which involved a flight from Philadelphia to Buffalo to orth Carolina and then back to Buffalo. The Organ Procurement Agency of Western ew York, which conducts the search for donor organs, coordinated the transportation through OIL Flights. BGH has recently signed an official participation agreement with OIL Flights to supplement existing local transportation services and insure the necessary transport for future heart transplants. Locally, 12 companies are involved in efforts with the Buffalo General Hospital to arrange transportatio n for the heart transplant program. They are American Precision Industries Inc., Conax Corp., Delaware North, First Mark Securities, Gaymar Industries, Gibraltar Steel Corp., Marine Midland, Moog Inc., Sierra Research , Sorrento Cheese, Envirogas, Inc., and Faller, Klenk & Quinlan Inc. Envirogas Inc. supplied the transportation for BGH's first heart transplant. • JULY 1985/21 �I Pain center opens at the General I by Tracey Wild n an effort to help patients in discomfort , the Departments of Anesthe iology and Rehabilitation Medicine have introduced a Pain Management Center located in the Ambulatory Care Center of Buffalo General Hospital. After visiting pain centers at the niversity of Cincinnati and at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston , Dr. Marcos G. Viguera, clinical associate professor of anesthesiology, and Dr. Carl V. Granger, professor of rehabilitation medicine, decided that a more ambitious center for BGH was needed . The new program attempts to deal with patients that suffer acute, intermediate, or chronic pain through the involvement of several disciplines to treat the problem in a comprehensive manner. Drs. Merle N. Tandoc, Ernesto L. Yu, and Thaddeus C. Rutkow ki , all clinical instructors m 22/B FFALO PHY !ClAN anesthesiology, are among those who are involved in the Center. A number of physical therapists and physicians from the specialties of neurosurgery and orthopaedics will also give consultations and assist in the program. According to Dr. Viguera, one medical or psychological specialty often cannot handle the management of complex pain by itself. "When a patient complains of pain," said Dr. Viguera , "he or she is often shuffled from one specialist to another. Our new Pain Management Center provides a central location where the specialists come to the patient." To most effectively devise a course of therapy, the patient is asked to complete a comprehensive form that is used to identify typical pain syndromes. After a preliminary investigation and examination , conferences are held by the team to develop a therapeutic plan best suited for the patient. "We can significantly relieve the patient's pain," said Dr. Viguera, "even though it sometimes may not be perma- nently eliminated. By changing attitudes and modifying behavior, we can teach patients to live with a discomfort that may not go away." Some of the techniques used to help patients include electrical stimulation, nerve blocks, physiotherapy and exercise, biofeedback , steroids, or epidural narcotics. Typical of one recently successful approach, the use of hypnosis made it po sible for a police officer recovering from a bullet wound tO regain strength in his arm and shoulder, which because of agonizing pain, had made it nearly impossible for him to carry on his daily activity. Currently, patients are being treated by the team of physicians and psychologists on both an inpatient and outpatient basis. Treatments are covered by most health insurance policies. • (from BGH's April 1985 "Pu/sebeat") High rise towers usher in new era M arking a vital era in health care, ribbon cutting ceremonies February 12, 1985 announced the official opening of Buffalo General's new high-rise medical centerthe most modern and technically advanced hospital in Western ew York. "This new facility will serve the community far into the next century," said Robert). Donough, immediate past chairman of the Hospital's Board of Trustees and vice chairman of orstar Bancorp. " The twin towers represent an immediate benefit to the area's economy with over 40 million spent in local building materials and 30 million in wages." The new city landmark, which is the second highest building in Buffalo, will contain S22 million worth of state-of-theart medical , surgical and diagnostic equipment. Said William V. Kinnard, Jr., M.D., Hospital president: "The hotel services of the new facility are dramatically improved from the old , obsolete physical plant. Buffalo General has always applied its scientific and medical acumen; now the new environment matches this long tradition of skill and desire to serve people". He anticipates complete transfer of services to the new building by Spring 1986 and completion of renovation projects in existing facilities by Spring of 1987. • �I I keep Iittles ones occupied. The Center now benefits from direct ancillary services provided by the Deaconess, including cashier, housekeeping, maintenance, security, and mail services. Shared medical services at the new location include physical therapy, laboratories, and x-ray. Patients and employees of the Center also have access to the Deaconess Cafeteria and vending area. • Anesthesiology has first 'teaching day' T Hemophilia unit opeps at Children's T he dedication of the Pediatric Unit of the Hemophilia Center of Western New York, Inc., took place at Children's Hospital on February 8, making Children's the only center for treament of this disease in pediatric patients. The Unit, in the making for two years, will now allow the Hemophilia Center to reach a higher level of comprehensive care in the treatment of hereditary blood disorders. The Center was originally established in 1969 in E.). Meyer Memorial Hospital. In 1978, what is now known as the Adult Unit of the Hemophilia Center was moved to the Erie County Medical Center. Now with two locations, it will be the only specialized facility in the eight counties of WNY to treat individuals with geneticbased blood disorders from infancy through adulthood. James R. Humbert, M.D., director of the Hematology-Oncology Division at Children's and professor of pediatrics and microbiology at UB, will serve as comedical director for the Pediatric Unit. The Hemophilia Center can now provide diagnostic and comprehensive treat- ment with a staff that includes adult and pediatric hematologists, physical therapists, strong laboratory back up, and orthopaedic and genetic consultants, as well as a social worker. Services provided will include school visits and physical education instructors to aid in the hemophiliac child's adjustment to a normal lifestyle. Instruction for families will also provide the opportunity for home therapy programs. • (Reprinted from Children's Hospital's "Bambino," Februar; 1985) Family Medicine moves to Deaconess N ew headquarters for the Family Medicine Center at the Deaconess Division of Buffalo General Hospital provide the roomy, modern accommodations that the fast growing department has needed for some time. The move into Deaconess was completed December 17, 1984. Remodeling of these areas has given the Center comfortable accommodations for its health care professionals and the 11,000 people they treat. The 18 examining rooms are bright and efficiently organized. A corner of the waiting area is equipped with toys and books to help he first Richard N. Terry Anesthesia Teaching Day was held January 26, 1985, at Buffalo General Hospital. Sponsored by the Departments of Anesthesiology, the program featured lectures by a dozen area anesthesiologists. Dr. Richard Ament, clinical professor of anesthesiology and Dr. Michael Madden, clinical assistant professor of anesthesiology, moderated. Drs. Stephen Gladysz and Dr. Marcos Viguera, clinical associate professor and head of BGH 's Department of Anesthesiology, spoke on anesthesia for kidney transplantation, while Dr. Robert Thomas, Jr. , clinical assistant professor of surgery, and Dr. Richard Terry, clinical professor of anesthesiology, presented a paper on anesthesia for heart transplantation. Epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia and nerve block for surgery of the lower extremities were two other topics discussed. • Gait Lab serves three functions B y Wendy Arndt Hunt T he Gait Analysis Laboratory, situated in the Robert Warner Rehabilitation Center at the Children's Guild near Children's Hospital of Buffalo, has been established to determine the need for and the efficfl.cy of surgical procedures and rehabilitation treatment protoco.ls. Up to now, judgements for these have been made on the basis of subjective observation, not JULY 1985/23 �HOSPITAL NEWS objective measurements. This facility, equipped with one of 15 Vicon systems in use in North America, will allow scientific assessment of both normal and pathological movement to be done. The director is Sandra Woolley, an assistant professor in the Department of Physical Therapy and Exercise Science in UB's School of Health Related Professions. The medical consultant is Craig Blum, M.D., an orthopaedic surgeon highly respected for his work in pediatrics. He is clinical ~ssistant professor of orthopaedics. Initially, those who come through the laboratory will be pediatric patients who suffer from cerebral palsy and limb disorders, but eventually, clients will range from the very young to the very old and from those who are "normal" to those who have sports injuries. The laboratory was funded with more than SIOO,OOO from the Children's Guild, as well as funds from Variety Club (Tent No. 7) and Variety Club Women. The lab has three important functions. First it's intended to be a clinical facility where assessment of pre-operative patient performance and evaluation of postoperative surgical procedures and/or rehabilitation procedures can be completed. It is also a research facility where new types of equipment, for example, prosthetic-orthotic, can be designed and developed, where treatment protocols can be improved, and the basic kinesiology of human movement studied. Finally, it's a teaching facility where health professionals, specifically students from UB's schools of Medicine and Health Related Professions, can learn to understand the basis of human movement. The Vicon system is a complete system for biomechanical analysis and display. To measure movement in three dimensions, it combines three techniques: cinematography, electromyography, and force plate analysis. 2 4/BUFFALO PHYSIClA The patient, who wears a bathing suit or similar apparel, walks along a 40-foot walkway as video cameras record the walk. A force plate is imbedded in the walkway. Light-weight cylindrical markers are taped to the patient's skin at strategic points. Surface electrodes or wire electrodes are also affixed to the patient, connected to a mall amplifier pack located at the patient's waist. A telemetry system transmits the signals to a stationary receiving station. Also, micro-footswitches are taped to the heel, ball, and big toe of a patient's foot. A wire connects the footswitches to the EMG amplifier pack. All data is channeled into a computer. A natural gait is required for an accurate assessment, so the Vicon system minimizes the use of equipment or cables that would encumber the patient. And because it's important to reduce the effect of pain and/or fatigue, the system maximizes the collection of information during a minimum number of trials. Since human movement results from a complex interaction of the musculoskeletal and neural integration systems, it's necessary to examine and assimilate all these contributory variables. The Vicon system does that. The system, which employs state-of-theart equipment, was developed in England by a biomechanist. The Gait Analysis Laboratory is the only one of its kind in Western ew York, said Woolley, who with many others saw the need for such a facility. • �DENTS 2 students present research findings T wo UB medical students, summer fellows in the Medical School's 1984 Research Program, were selected to present their research projects nationally. Jeffrey Young, second-year medical student, described results of his project at the 1985 ational Student Forum in Galveston, Texas, and also at a session sponsored by the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International held at the University of Pennsylvania, April I4-16, 1985. The purpose of his research was to evaluate the impact of long-term diabetes on muscle blood flow and oxygen transport during exercise. His advisors were Drs. David Pendergast, associate professor of physiology, andJehuda Steinbach, clinical associate professor of nuclear medicine and research associate professor of medicine. Michael Herrmann, third-year medical student, presented his research at the Seventh International Symposium on Germfree Research at orre Dame University in June, 1984. He tested various drugs that exhibit inhibitory activity on enzymes of the purine metabolic pathway. This is part of a search for a safe, economical, and reproducible technique to pretreat bone marrow prior to transplantation. His advisors were Drs. Patricia Bealmear and Joyce Jividen of Roswell ~~- . Seniors 'survive' Matching Day T he second most important event in a medical student's career became part of history again last April when 136 UB students survived Match Day. Or. Dennis Nadler, new assistant dean for student affairs and coordinator of the residency matching program, announced this year's results before the silent, suspense-filled auditorium. All but eight students were matched during the announcements; those eight have subsequently been matched. This year's results were similar to previous years, with 87 per cent matched to one of their first three choices, and 64 per cent matched to their first choice. Twelve others made arrangements outside the Match Program. The most popular specialties were internal medicine and surgery, followed by pediatrics, and family medicine. Thirtyseven percent of the seniors will remain in Buffalo-area programs. The matching is accomplished through the ational Resident Matching Program of Evanston, Illinois, whose computer generates the results. Students select residencies based upon their order of preference for programs and cities while the programs select students based on their review of the dean's letters of applications. The Class of '85 will now spend the next three to six years around the nation completing their residencies in order to obtain the proper credentials for medical practice. Other faculty who assisted Dr. Nadler in the process were Drs. Donald Barone, Murray Morphy, Steven Noyes, Richard Curran, Timothy Murphy, Peter Ostrow, and Daniel Morelli. • Ms. Post attends Columbia program T he College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University awarded medical student Laura L. Post a grant of 500 to attend that university's three-day postgraduate medicine program on "Alcoholism and Drug Abuse-Problems in Clinical DecisionMaking" at the Smithers Alcoholism Treatment and Training Center of the St. Luke'sRoosevelt Hospital. Ms. Post was also elected to the Board of Trustees of the American Medical Student Association at their national convention in Chicago last spring. She will represent Region II. Her election wa~ reported in the April issue of New Pbysz• cian. JULY 1985/2 5 �Arthur Weissman at the piano in his University District living room. �STUDENTS T by Paul Mrozek he 1985 UB Medical School Talent Show received an extra dose of class from Arthur Weissman. That's class, as in classical piano. Weissman took the stage in jeans and sneakers. then took the audience by storm with a Beethoven piano sonata. Beethoven and casual attire usually don't lend themselves to each other, but Weissman's B.F.A. in musical performance doesn't seem to be congruent with a career in medicine, either. Weissman, Class of '86 UB School of Medicine, received a few double-takes when he entered med school. ow, almost everyone accepts him as an equal, and he has quite a few fans among his peers. He is presently doing part of his clinical clerkshop in pediatrics at Children's Hospital. When asked about his career decisions in music and medicine, Weissman replied, ''I've had the best of both worlds so far. When I graduated from Williamsville South High School in 1976, my heart was really set on the piano. I received a scholarship offer from UB's Music Department, so I jumped at the chance to continue my music. In college I became interested in medicine after my father (a psychiatrist) began to show me what he did in his practice. So I wrote to a handful of med schools to find out the courses they required for admission. Then I took all the required courses as electives in my junior and senior years." People outside of the Music Department may perceive a music degree as a somewhat easier accomplishment than other majors. Weissman begs to differ. ''It's not an easy degree. Some of the music courses are as difficult as med courses but in a different way. With a performance degree, a stude~t must give public concerts, department recitals, as well as performances before faculty review panels." There are a handful of UB med students and residents who have an artistic bent, which Weissman thinks is good for the school. "It is basically a self-contained program, so it can lend itself to this type of diversity. And it seems as if more and more schools are taking this into account in their admisions policies. I believe it can only help the school, the students, and the overall atmosphere" There are also some very practical advantages to music training as applied to medicine. Wi~h his acutely tr~ined ear Weissman had no trouble learnmg how to momtor a pat'ient's heart. In some instances, his hearing was too fine, and he had to learn to filter out extraneous noises when listening to a heart beat. Throughout his years of musical training one of Weissman's favorite composers has been Beetho~en. He relates not only to Beethoven's music, but also to the man. "I like to play a lot of Beethoven's works, but I've also studied Beethoven the person. From his life you learn about humanity, about suffering, how to accept difficulties, how to triumph over them. My appreciation of these qualities has made me into a better person, and I think they are qualities that every doctor should possess." Everyone knows the rigors of the academic grind that medical students endure. Long hours, 2'±-hour call, prodigious amounts of information that must be absorbed over short periods of time. Each student deals with the pressure in his or her own way. Weissman finds his music a great reliever of stress. When stationed in a hospital for a continuation of his clerkshop, one of the first things he does is find out if the facility has a piano. He plays when he is on call or on break. Working 72 hours a week, he still manages to find time to play at least several times per week. This outlet will become more valuable to him when he begins his residency, which has even longer hours and greater responsibilities. Most hospitals do have pianos, although not all the instruments are of the same quality. eissman explains: "Pianos are unique; they have perW sonalities with their own characteristics. One hospital I was stationed at had a piano with a short keyboard, so I couldn't play certain pieces on it which needed more than three octaves." Weissman wondered if he would be able to remember musical pieces while he was being bombarded with mountains of information in his med courses. "It's funnv I thought I might have difficulties trying to recall the musi~ for some works, but regardless of how much material I have to absorb for school, it doesn't affect my musical memory. I guess I must use different parts of the brain for each." At his home in the University District, Weissman plays on his Steinway. In winter, he doesn't play as much as he would like because the front room where the Steinway is kept gets too cold. "I have to soak my hands in warm water, which is something concert pianists do before performing. My wife thinks the best time for this is right after supper. At home in winter, even if I soak, my hands get cold after half an hour in the front room, so I really can't play too long on the Steinway." Summertimes are different. The neighbors seem to like it when the windows are open and he fills the block with the strains of Bach and Mozart. "No one's complained yet. And I do get some compliments. People two streets over know who I am, although I make it a point of courtesy not to play late at night." In addition to his love for classical piano, Weissman has a keen interest in pop music. As an undergraduate, he and several members of the Music Department formed a progressive jazz group called "Sienna," which played in several Buffalo bars. The group's JULY 1985/27 �musical preference ran toward jazz fusion in the vein of noted keyboardist Chick Corea, and the band "Return to Forever." Much of "Sienna's" repertoire consisted of original compositions. Although they never made it big, the band did have a small but loyal following . Weissman said, "We had a lot of fun, but we didn't play enough commercial music to become really popular. The best that can be said about 'Sienna' was that we never lost any money. Of course, that doesn't mean we made any either." All musicians develop a stage presence. It may not have much to do with the mechanics of playing an instrument, but it adds that extra vitality so important for audience/performer rapport . This disciplined flair can be a valuable asset to med students and residents. Weissman explains : "Presenting a patient, giving a concise H and P, can be a nerve-wracking experience, especially if it's in front of several hundred people. But I've done enough performances on the piano so that it hardly fazes me to get up in front of a crowd. That 's not to say that the presentation is easy, you have to prepare for it, and be ready to answer any questions that may arise." In UB 's Department of Music, Professor Stephen Manes was Weissman's undergraduate piano instructor. Manes states that Weissman is "a fine talent, an intelligent musician, very sensitive. He's just terrific on the piano. For his bachelor's degree recital, which is a public concert, Arthur gave one of the finest departmental recitals I've ever heard. And he did some very difficult pieces; I remember quite vividly his performance of Mussorgsky 's 'Pictures from an Exhibition' " Weissman credits his family for giving him the impetus to pursue dual careers. His father, Seymour Weissman , is a practicing psychiatrist, and he also plays the violin as a serious hobby. 28/B FFALO PHYSICIAN Arthur's mother, Gladys, has always had a deep appreciation for classical music, and has been a volunteer fund-raiser for the Buffalo Philharmonic. Arthur started taking piano lessons in third grade and hasn't stopped playing since. But his parents didn't push him . "They never ordered me to play the piano or go to med school. Growing up in a musical and medical environment just gave me the exposure to want to excel at both. My parents just said, pick a career and be the best you can." Giving him some extra support is Weissman's wife, Pat. She has a background in art with a B.S. from Buffalo State and is employed as art director for Tapecon Inc. Although they 've been married for five years, her husband can still surprise her. Pat remarks, "One day he's in the front room playing the piano. I walk by and glance at the stand for the music, and he has one of his med books propped up so he can study while he's playing." Weissman claims he's only done this once or twice when he's "trying to get through some really boring material. It's not very effective anyway." Weissman's two older brothers both pursue careers related to medicine. His brother Paul is employed as a computer programming consultant to hospitals. His brother joseph is an M.D, employed in a research capacity by Technicare, a company which makes MR's, now known as MRI's. Arthur Weissman's long-term goals are ambitious. Musically, he wants to progress until he feels he is able to perform as a serious classical pianist. In medicine, he still has some time to make decisions, but he's leaning toward specializing in surgery. With his finger dexterity, it doesn't look like he will have any difficulties tying the surgeon's knot. • �DR. CHARLES C. CANVER, CLINICAL ASSIS- tant instructor of surgery, informs us that he has published an article in the March 1985 New York State journal of Medicine, "Chlorpromazine in experimental gastric ulcers induced by restraint and cold stress." He is a surgical resident at Buffalo General Hospital. • DR. DAVID DUBE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF medicine, spoke on Alzheimer's Disease on Health Call, a program aired over CableScope in Buffalo. He also reviewed ''Aging is for Everyone" on ''AM Buffalo," aired over Channel 7. Dr. Dube is an attending physician in medicine at the skilled nursing facility of Erie County Medical Center. • GOVERNOR MARIO M. CUOMO PRESENTED Dr. James F. Phillips, immediate past president of the Medical Society of the County of Erie, with the First Annual. Eleanor Roosevelt Community Service Award at recent ceremonies in Albany. The clinicil assistant professor of rehabilitation medicine accepted the award on behalf of the Medical Society and the United Way of Buffalo and Erie County as two of the principal organizers of a health care project for the unemployed and uninsured who are ineligible for Medicaid. The program marked its first anniversary on january 5, 1985 . More than 500 organizations throughout the state were nominated by the New York Voluntary Enterprise Commission, sponsor of the awards. Seventeen finalists were selected based on their outstanding ability to identify and meet a broad range of community and humanitarian needs, according to Governor Cuomo. "By acting on their concern for others, the recipients of these awards have had a direct positive impact on society," he added. • DR. ALAN J. DRINNAN, CLINICAL ASSISTANT professor of medicine and professor and chairman of the School of Dental Medicine's Department of Oral Medicine, was honored recently by Washington University which presented him with the William E. Koch Memorial Award for his outstanding contributions to continuing education in the fields of dental diagnostic sciences. Drinnan has also recently completed a videotape program on " Diagnosis of Tongue Diseases" for the etwork for Continuing Medical Education, a division of VIS, a national TV service available to hospitals and medical centers. • DR. JAMES P. NOLAN, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR- man of the Department of Medicine, has assumed office as a governor of the American College of Physicians, the 60,000-member national medical specialty society. Elected locally, Dr. Nolan will hold his post as the ACP governor of Upstate New York for four years. In his position, Dr. Nolan will keep the organization's members in his region up to date on the College's policies and activities, advise its ruling body of matters concerning his region, and recruit and endorse new members and Fellows. Also, included in Dr. olan's responsibilities are the planning and execution of an annual scientific and business regional meeting, and representing the College to the public. A 1955 graduate of the Yale University School of Medicine, Dr. Nolan is a specialist in internal medicine and liver disease. The American College of Physicians, founded in 1915, is the largest medical specialty society and represents doctors of internal medicine (internists), related subspecialists, and physicians in • training nationwide. DR. FRANCIS KWCKE, PROFESSOR OF MEDI- cine and physiology, has been named vice chairman of the American Heart Association's national council on circulation. The chief of cardiology at Erie County Medical Center was also program chairman of the 34th scientific session of the American College of Cardiology held March 11-15 in Anaheim, California. He and a 20-member committee planned a core curriculum of mini courses that presented a clinically-oriented review of cardiac disorders. Also on the program was an update on what is new in treatment of cardiac disorders. • JULY 1985/29 �PEOPLE development, evaluation, and issues in educational research. Dr. chimpfhauser received his Ph.D. in education and evaluation from The Ohio State niversity in 1972 and is associate professor in the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine where he teaches graduate courses in program planning and evaluation. Dr. Schimpfhauser recently co-directed the first University-wide Program on Faculty Development for new and recently hired faculty in which several Health Sciences faculty participated. He was also recently elected secretary to the University Faculty Senate. • A UB MEDICAL SCHOOL PROFFSSOR RECEIVED the Buffalo News' Citizen of the Year DR. HOWARD L. STOLL, JR., CLINICAL ASSOCIare professor of dermatology, has bet.n appointed chief of the Dermato logy Section at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Certified by the American Board of Dermatology and Syphilology, Dr. StOll has been affiliated with Roswell Park's DermatOlogy Department ince 1958. Roswell Park's Dermatology Service deals with the detection, treatment, and control of skin tumors as well as developing improved methods of cancer treatment and prevention. Dr. Stoll, an alumnus of Harvard University and the University of Pennsylvania Medical chool, is a member of several prestigious national and regional professional organizations, including the American Academy of Dermatology, the ociety for Investigative Dermatology, and the Buffalo-Rochester Dermatological Society. Dr. toll has authored and/or coauthored over 40 journal articles and book chapters. • DR. FRANK SCHIMPFHAUSER, ASSISTA T dean for medical education and director of the Medical 's School 's Educational Evaluation and Research Unit, was recently appointed coordinator of the Educational Workshop program conducted annually at The Association of American Medical Colleges Meeting. Mini workshops for medical faculty, re idents, and admini trators focus on tOpics related to teaching improvement, curriculum 30 /BUFFALO PHYSICIA Award, as announced in the Sunday Buffalo News Jan. 27, 1985. One of eight selected for the award, Dr. John Border, professor of surgery, is internationally respected for his advances in the field of trauma surgery. He has directed the Erie County Medical Center's Trauma Center, one of only six in the nation, since 1968. He is also research professor of biophysics. The Buffalo News recognized him for his contribution to reducing death rates and increasing productivity of accident victims. He has pioneered treatment techniques, including the use of amino acidrich intravenous fluids, that help trauma victims recover from severe multiple injuries. He has served as an officer of several local and national surgical societies and was guest editOr of the Wcrld Journal of Surgery's volume on multiple trauma published last January. • The second grant of 63,493, will aid in the study of the effects of mal nutrition on Rotavirus infection and immunity. Dr. Marie Riepenhoff-Talty, assistant professor of pediatrics and microbiology, will be principal investigatOr of this study which will examine the effects of nutrition on the outcome of this virus which is often one of the most common causes of diarrhea in young children. Dr. Ogra will be working as co-principal investigatOr in this study which will look at behavior patterns in mice in order to determine the reason for the susceptibility to malnutrition a a result of the Rotavirus infection. • DR. BERTRAM PORTIN, CLINICAL PROFFSSOR of surgery, has been elected president of the American Board of Colon-Rectal Sur~y • DR. GERALD P. MURPHY, RFSEARCH PROFFSsor of urology and Roswell Park Memorial Institute director, was recentl y reelected secretary-general of the International Union Against Cancer. • DR. IMRE MAGOSS, PROFFSSOR OF UROWGY, is president-elect of the W Y Chapter of the American College of Surgeons. He also received the Chester A. Kmack lectureship award from Hoffman-LaRoche Co. Dr. Magoss is chief of urology at Erie County Medical Center. • DR. DIANE COOKFAIR, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR of social and preventive medicine, spent part of last December and January in Paris on an International Union Against Cancer Travel Fellowship to work at the Inserm Institute. • THE ATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND DR. M. STEVEN PIVER, CLINICAL PROFFSSOR Infectious Diseases has awarded two grants totalling 174',321 to Children's Hospital for the Division of Infectious Diseases. Dr. Pe aray Ogra , professor of pediatrics and microbiology, will be principal investigator of a 110,828 grant to further the study of Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus. The purpose of this study is to look at the mechanisms by which children develop such respiratOry problems as asthma as a result of this common virus which usually occurs in the first two years of life. of gyn/ob and deputy director of gynecologic oncology at Roswell Park , was reelected president of the jewish Famil y Service of Buffalo and Erie County, an organization which offers aid to the unemployed and underemployed, coordinates mental heal th programs, and coun els troubled individual . • DR. WILLIAM}. BREEN, CLINICAL ASSISTANT professor of medicine, was appointed to serve on the Medical Society of the State of ew York 's Committee on Cardiovascular Disease. • �()P CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL HAS ANNOUNCED THE installation of the Hospital's 1985 Medical Board Officers. They are: John E. Fish-. er, M.D., president; Leo A. Kane, M.D., vice p resident ; John Menchini, M.D. , secretary-treasurer. The officers act as liaisons between the Board of Trustees and the medical and dental staffs. In addition , they make medical recommendations and coordinate and supervise medical staff activities. Dr. Fisher, president, is director of the Department of Pathology at Children's. A UB clinical associate professor of pathology, he is also a certified anatomic and clinical patholigist. A fellow of the College of American Pathologists and a member of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, he also serves as president of the Western New Yo rk Society of Pathologists. Dr. Fisher graduated from the University of Dublin, Ireland , and has been on the Hospital staff for 14 years. Dr. Kane, vice president, is assistant director of anesthesiology at Children's, as well as a UB assistant clinical professor of anesthesiology. He is a member of the American Society of Anesthesiology and the ew York State Medical Society. Dr. Kane received his medical degree from UB and has been at Children's for over 20 years. Secretary-treasurer, Dr. Menchini, is an attending pediatrician at Children's. He is also a UB clinical assistant professor of pediatrics and is in private practice in Buffalo. A graduate of Canisius, he holds a medical degree from UB. Dr. Menchini has been on the Children's staff for 12 years. • ogy ; treasurer, Dr. James Evans, associate professor of surgery; and secretary, Dr. Jan Novak, assistant professor of medi• cine . DR. ADRIAN VLAD UTIU, PROFESSOR OF microbiology and pathology, received the AMA's Physician's Recognition Award and the Pathology Continuing Medical Education Award from the American Society of Clinical Pathology. He is also research associate professor of medicine at UB. • DR. FRANK BAKER , PROFESSOR OF SOCIAL and preventive medicine and psychology, has left UB to become professor and chairman of the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education at the johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health . He was director of the Division of Community Psychiatry here. • DR. HAROLD BRODY, PROFESSOR AND CHAIRman of the Department of Anatomical Sciences, was honored by the Community Action Corps for his contribution to older citizens related to his research on the aging brain. The Community Action Corps, one of UB 's largest student organizations, presented the award at a May 3 reception in observance of Older Americans Month. Dr. Brody was one of four honored. Co-sponsoring the event were the Western New York Geriatric Education Center, the Network in Aging, and Center for the Study of Aging, as well as several other UB departments and student groups. • DR. JOHN LaDUCA, CLINICAL ASSOCIATE professor of surgery, is the new president of the medical-dental staff of Erie County Medical Center, where he is attending in surge ry. The new president-elect is Dr. Ross Markello, professor of anesthesia!- DR. WALTER S. WALLS, CLINICAL ASSISTANT professor of gyn /ob, was appointed to serve on the Medical Society of the State of New York's Committee on Maternal and Child Health . • DR. GUSTAVE P. MILKEY, CLINICAL ASSOCIATE professor of surgery, has been elected president of the Kenmore Mercy Hospital Medical Staff for 1985. Dr. Mil key joined the hospital's surgical staff in 1951 , after earning his degree from the Syracuse University College of Medicine. He interned at Buffalo General Hospital before completing his residency training at Buffalo General , Millard Fillmore, and Meyer Memorial hospitals. Dr. Milkey is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons and is certified by the • American Board of Surgery. JULY 1985/31 �LETTERS Writer defends McKinley's care Editor: I certainly enjoyed your account of Dr. Jacobsen's long-standing intere t in the McKinley assassination. Even for a medical student graduating in 1962, that event in Buffalo's history held considerable appeal. I first read about the care rendered to McKinley soon after I located publications written by and about Roswell Park in secondhand bookstores along Allen Street. This led to my own research of the events following McKinley's injury. Park may well have been disappointed that his return from iagara Falls was not awaited before the decision was made to explore the President's abdomen. However my sources indicate that Park did arrive at the scene of surgery before the procedure was completed. He was quoted as saying he approved of all that had been done. Perhaps he was being discreet rather than candid at a moment when divisiveness among the surgical consultants would have been counterproductive. As I progressed through my surgical residency, I re-examined McKinley's post-operative care in the context of modern trauma management standards. Eventually, I wrote my own version of the story for Resident and Staff Physician in March, 1968. My opinion then and now is that the bullet McKinley took in hi upper abdomen led to traumatic pancreatiti and that omissions in fluid management were more contributory to his death than was the conduct of his laparotomy. How critical can we be today looking back on an event that ought to be judged by the medical standards of that day? I can understand why the President's surgeons wanted to operate quickly. Rapid death due to exsanguination following abdominal gunshot injuries was well known in those days. M.A.S.T. suits were not yet invented; blood banks were not available. Conditions for surgery were cer32/BUFFALO PHY !CIA tainly not ideal on the Exposition grounds but neither were they in iagara Falls or in other small Western ew York communities where Roswell Park, and perhaps also Howard Mann, traveled frequently to operate. And there was no shortage of consultants. The growing team of surgeons ready to offer assistance included Drs. Rixey, Mynter, and Parmenter in addition to Mann and Park. Ch:~rles McBurney of ew York had also been called to Buffalo as a special consultant. He arrived, saw that McKinley was doing well, predicted recovery, and left promptly, only to learn of the President's death after he returned to ew York. Roswell Park himself, who had taken a personal look at the bullet's damage before the incision was closed, predicted full recovery; his words were quoted widely in the press. The President did well for five days. However, on the morning of the sixth post-operative day, his pulse was rapid, his color pale. Weakness of the heart was feared and digitalis prescribed. He had eaten breakfast but now his abdomen reflected signs of ileus. Dr. Charles Stockton, professor of medicine at UB, saw him that day and concluded that a "mild intestinal toxemia" had set in . Traumatic pancreatitiS was unknown in that day; chemical determination of circulating amylase was not yet possible nor was its significance understood. Fluid accumulation in a nonfunctional third space was not a concept McKinley's surgeons could perceive or act upon. �LE1.~fERS Total recorded fluids administered the sixth and seventh days were less than 2000 cc, not even enough for replacement of basic requirements! Drugs given on the seventh day were all stimulants : camphor, nitroglycerine, strychnine, adrenalin, even brandy! Several enemas were given (no doubt worsening the President's electrolyte status I suspect). Everyone, Dr. Stockton included, feared that the heart was failing, and in a way it was, although not from lack of pumping capacity. McKinley's pulse was sky high! What was missing was a circulatory volume to pump. The patient was in shock! Urine output had fallen severely the final day and specific gravity measurements reflected severe urinary concentration. The pathologists' autopsy appears to have been done as hastily as Dr. Mann's surgery. Nevertheless we know that the gastric suture lines remained intact. The principal finding was "retroperiteal gangrene" according to the pathologist but what he was looking at was a hemorrhagic edematous pancreas. Dr. Jacobsen is well aware of the retrospective quarterbacking that goes on after any Presidential illness or accident. I am personally acquainted with a member of President Kennedy's resuscitation team; that was a herculean effort doomed to failure because of the extent of the injury. evertheless, Kennedy's doctors experienced considerable abuse for their unsuccessful efforts. McKinley's team was similarly maligned in the press as Dr. Jacobsen points out. However, I wonder whether Professor Stockton was justified if he indeed criticized Mann's surgery publicly. Stockton after all was an integral player on the team attending the President. Nether he nor any of the surgeons were aware of the pathophysiology or fluid dynamics of McKinley's cause of death. Would Park have succeeded where Mann failed? Roswell Park was in fact a skillful, imaginative, visionary surgeon. He would have known enough to place a drain. Mann was more familiar with the pelvic organs than he was familiar with the pancreas and its fragility. However, I doubt that a drain would have been the deciding factor. either am I convinced of the validity of comparing Dr. Mann's failure with Dr. Park's subsequent success saving the life of a woman with a selfinduced upper abdominal gunshot wound. Do we know for certain whether her pancreas was at the terminus of the bullet's trajectory? The McKinley assassination makes for an interesting analysis of skilled physicians and surgeons under sudden pressure to perform without error and without failure while under constant press scrutiny. The challenge is too great! In the case of Presidential illness or injury, there are always more cooks stirring the pot than are required for the desired results. My conclusion is that Buffalo surgeons distinguished themselves as well as any of the medical teams attending the final hours of the four U.S. Presidents we have lost to assassins' • bullets. jack C. Fisher, M.D. (M'62) Professor and Head, Division of Plastic Surgery University of California School Of Medicine and Medical Center, San Diego The Buffalo Physician invites your reactions and comments on articles appearing in the magazine. Please address letters to: Editor, Buffalo Physician, 136 Crofts Hall, Buffalo, N.Y. 14260 JULY 1985/33 �( Five UB Medical School alumni are the new officers of Buffalo General's medical staff. Dr. RogerS. Dayer, clinical professor of surgery, has been named president of the staff for 1985. Serving a one-year term, he heads a medical staff of nearly 900 physicians. He assumed office on January 28, 1985. Dr. Dayer (M'60) is a surgeon at Buffalo General. He has been on the BGH staff since 1961 and has served in the military as chief surgeon at Fort McPherson. A member of the American College of Surgeons, the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and the Erie County Medical Society, Dr. Dayer has been appointed to numerous committees. The new president-elect is ored with the Distinguished Allergist Award by the American College of Allergists and received a commendation from the Veterans Administration Medical Center. A founding member and past president of the Buffalo and Erie County Allergy Society, he is a life member of the Association of Military Surgeons. He has been published widely in allergy journals including thejournal of Allergy and Annals of Allerg)\ a well as in several pediatric and general medical journals. He is a Fellow in the American Association of Certified Allergists, the American Academy of Allergy, the American College of Allergy, and the Royal Society of Medicine. A county medical society member, he is also a past president of the Medical Historical Society of Buffalo and Erie County. Donald R . Ehre nre i c h (M'5 3), clinical professor of neurology; new vice president, Sidney Anthone (M'50), clinical professor of surgery; new secretary, Robe rt A. Milch (M '68) , clinical a sistant professor of surgery; and new treasurer, Thomas D. Doe blin (M'59), clinical associate professor of medicine. 1920's VICI'OR L. COHEN (M '2 9) • associate professor emeritus of pediatrics, was recently hon- 34/BUFFALO PHY !CIA 1940's Academy of Ophthalmology. MAX A. SCHNEIDER (M'49) • was honored as "Man of the Year" by the Southern California Alcohol & Traffic Association in Los Angeles on February 12, 1985. Dr. Schneider informs us that his acceptance speech emphasized that the use of alcohol and other mind altering drugs is a "people problem," not just a police enforcement problem. He recommended that all levels of education from grade school through junior and senior high school include once-a-month group therapy "to help kids deal with their feelings and needs if we are to reall? prevent the prime causes of death and disease in America's youth-accidents, homicide, and suicide." Dr. Schneider is currently the associate director of recovery services at St. Joseph Hospital (Orange County, CA), president of The California Society for the Treatment of Alcoholism and Other Drug Dependencies, president-elect of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, a board member of the ational Council on Alcoholism both locally and nationally, and holds appointments in both the Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry of the niversity of California at Irvine College of Medicine. clinical associate professor of ophthalmology, was elected vice president of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery for 1985 at the society's annual meeting in Atlanta. Dr. Schaefer also gave two post-graduate courses on plastic and reconstructive surgery at the annual meeting of the American JOEL M. BERNSTEIN (M '61 , Ph.D. ' 72) • clinical assistant professor of otolaryngology and pediatrics, gave an update on the pathogene i and management of otitis media with effusion to the 41st Annual Congress of the American College of Allergists at Bal Harbour, Fla., in February 1985. Dr. Bernstein also lectured at two ear research conferences in January, 1985, with Dr. Hiroy uki Tsutsumi, research instructor of pediatrics, Dr. Pearay Ogra, professor of microbiology and pediatrics, and Drs. Byung Park and James Humbert, both professors of pediatrics. EUGENE CIMINO (M '6I) • is co- chairman, Department of Ophthalmology, at St. Mary's Hospital in Rochester. 1970's ERIC RUSSELL (M'74) • informs us that his two most recent articles have been published in Radiology and Neurologic Clinics. He is an assistant professor of diagnostic radiology at Rush Medical School, Chicago. The AOA (1973) member is married to Sandra Fernbach, M.D., and their daughter Gabrielle just turned two. 1950's ANGEW M. DEL BASO (M'78) • EUGENE SIGMAN (M' 52) • form- ARTHUR J. SCHAEFER (M'47) • 1960's er associate professor of surgery at B, has been named dean of the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. He has been an associate dean and surgery professor there since leaving Buffalo. The Buffalo native interned at Buffalo General and VA Medical Center. Urology and cancer research are among his specialties. was recently appointed a professor lecturer in oral pathology at Georgetown University. He also is an assistant professor in the Department of Radiology and uclear Medicine at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland, and recently was granted membership in the American Society of Head and Neck Radiologists. He earned �C . 1 ~C)TES & l)EATIIS his D.D.S. and an M.A. in pharmacology from UB. A radiologist at Providence Hospital in Washington, D.C., he recently appeared on the Washington Talk Show "Focus on Washington" to discuss the new ways to treat problems of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and radiographic diagnosis. He was previously in charge of head and neck radiology at the U.S. aval Hospital in Bethesda. REGINALD B. STILES {M'77) • is in family practice in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and is a clinical instructor with Indiana niversity. The AMA member is also a member of the Allen County Medical Society and an AAFP diplomate. 1980's ISAIAH PINCKNEY II (M'82) • was the recipient in September of the President's Award of the ational Council of Educational Opp9rtunity Associations. Dr. Pinckney is currently chief resident in the Family Practice Program at Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, ew York. missed and warmly remembered by all those who knew him. He was director of the joint Divisions of Medical/Human Genetics at UB, Buffalo General, and Children's Hospital. Born in England, Dr. Bannerman was a graduate of Oxford University and St. Thomas' Hospital Medical School in London. In 1957 he came to the U.S. to accept a fellowship at the Johns Hopkins niversity Hospital. In 1963 he became head of the Medical Genetics Unit at Buffalo General and in 1975 director of the Division of Human Genetics at Children's Hospital of Buffalo, thereby consolidating genetics in the Western ew York area. Robin Bannerman was a distinguished scholar who made valuable contributions to medical knowledge in fields of hematology and medical genetics, including major research with new hereditary anemias. He maintained a clinical practice, and was actively involved in teaching as well as in research leading to numerous significant publications in his field. He was a visiting professor at medical schools and institutions in Paraguay, the West Indies, and the universities of Cambridge and London. During the 1983 Medical Genetics Exchange Symposium, he was a group leader. The former president of the Medical Historical Society of W Y was also on the board of the American Society of Human Genetics. He was a member of numerous medical genetics and hematology societies. His survivors are his wife, Franca; and three daughters: Dr. Catherine, Francesca, and Isabella. Donations to his memorial fund may be sent to Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Buffalo General Hospital, 100 High t., Buffalo, .Y. 14203 or to Hospice Buffalo, 1212 Main St., Buffalo, N.Y. DR. FRANCIS KENNY (M'3 1) • a retired Buffalo physician who specialized in heart diseases, died January 22, 1985, at 77 after a long illness. A clinical assistant professor of medicine at UB for 22 years, he had long affiliations with St. Francis Hospital in Buffalo and Buffalo General Hospital (where he completed his residency). At St. Francis, he served as chief of staff and chief of medicine. The Buffalo native maintained his private practice for 46 years and retired in 1977. He was a member of the Bishop's Board of Governors of the Catholic Diocese of Buffalo and an honorary life member in the Knights of Columbus. He was also a member of Alpha Omega Alpha medical honor society. Surviving are his wife, Helen; two sons, Francis and John; a daughter, Eileen; two sisters and three grandchildren. DR. ROBIN BANNERMAN, internationally renowned geneticist, died of pancreatic cancer on March 8, 1985. The professor of medicine and pediatrics who was on the faculty since 1963 will be DR. JOHN} . PATTI, 75, (M'38) • former town of Sherman, .Y. health officer and school physician, died April 13, 1985. He was graduated from Canisius College and interned at Our Lady of Victory Hospital, opening his practice in 1940. The Dunkirk native interrupted his practice by serving in the U.S. Army Medical Corps in World War II. He ran a community immunology clinic and served the town and the School Board. A member of the county, state and national medical associatins, he was affiliated with several Chautauqua County hospitals. Surviving are his wife, Estelle; three daughters Verity Mae, Suzanne, and Cynthia; a stepson, Mark; a stepdaughter, Paula ; a brother Joseph; and seven grandchildren. JULY 1985/3 5 �DR. BERNARD H. SMITH , the dean of Buffalo neurologists who established UB's first, full-time academic Department of Neurology and its first neurology residence program died January 24 at his Eggertsville home. His appointment to UB in the mid-1950s launched an era in Buffalo medicine which saw neurology emerge as a specialty in its own right after years of historically being intertwined with psychiatry. Dr. Smith's classic, elegant teaching style, which inspired and mesmerized his students in the classroom, was equal to his talent as a bedside teacher in the hospital. A brilliant scholar, he sought to expand his students' minds and imaginations by frequently punctuating his lectures with quotes from Burns, Keats, and others. A skilled teacher at virtually all levels, Dr. Smith was known for his ability to communicate with patients and their families as well as with medical students, residents, and professional colleagues. In establishing B's first neurology residency program , Dr. Smith, who retired in 1979, saw many of those he trained go on to head their own departments of neurology or establish private practices around the country. Some of his residents have ventured far from Buffalo and are practicing and teaching in France, Spain, India, Japan, and Korea. Prior to coming to Buffalo in 1953 , Dr. Smith was a fellow at Montreal Neurological Institute as well as a lecturer in neurology at McGill University and an assistant in Outdoor Clinics at Montreal's Royal Victoria Hospital. A native of Scotland, he graduated M.B., Ch.B. with first class honors from the niversity of Aberdeen Medical School. In 1950, he received the diploma in psychological medicine from London University and six years later, the M.D. degree with honors for his thesis on epilepsy from the University of Aberdeen. Dr. Smith's lengthy medical career began as a house physician and surgeon at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. He entered the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1941 where he earned the rank of 36/BUFFALO PHYSICIA Lt. Colonel and after World War II , served as a consultant in nutrition with U RRA. He came to the U.S. in 1950 as a fellow at Cincinnati General Hospital. In addition to his commitment to teaching, Dr. Smith authored three textbooks on neurological subjects, including Principles of Clinical Neurology. He was a prolific contributor to professional journals on a variety of neurologic subjects and had served as an advisor to Consultant and Physician and as a member of the editorial advisory board of Psychosomatics. Dr. Smith was a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London, certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and eurology in eurology with special competence in child neurology, a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and a Foundation Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. He served as head of the Department of Neurology at E.). Meyer Memorial Hospital for 19 years and was a consultant to the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Millard Fillmore Hospital, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, iagara Falls Memorial Medical Center, Brooks Memorial Hospital (Dunkirk), Gowanda Psychiatric Center, ). . Adam State School, and Craig Developmental Center. Dr. Smith had been a visiting professor at several institutions, including the niversity of Colorado at Denver, the niversity of Toronto, and the University of Maryland at Baltimore. After his retirement from B, he continued his interest in nature conservation and preservation of wildlife. A keen amateur photographer, he never missed an opportunity to expand his education, taking two semesters of Greek at UB and later the study of Gaelic. He continued to travel abroad, an activity which had interested him from the days of his Royal Army Medical Corps service in India and Burma which had been highlighted by a walking trip he made into Tibet in 1944. Dr. Smith is survived by his wife, the former Ruth Hanna. DR. MARIO MONTES, 62, chief of laboratory services at Veterans Hospital and professor of pathology at UB, died January 30, 1985, after a month-long illness. On the medical school's faculty since 1962, he held a special place for those who knew him, and the Annual Medical School Talent Show was dedicated to him. A native of Lima , Peru , he earned his medical degree from San Marcos University tn 1952. He came to Buffalo in 1953 on a fellowship from Buffalo General Hospital and spent his career at many area hospitals, including Buffalo General, Mercy, Erie County Medical Center, and Lockport Memorial. He became a professor at the Medical School in 1984. Dr. Montes was a member of various professional groups and an avid writer, tennis player, student of philosophy, and supporter of antinuclear activities in his spare time. Besides his 84 scientific publications, his poetry was widely published and well-known in Spanish-speaking countries. One of his major poetry works is The House of The Twilight Voices (English name). Survivors include his wife, Ann ; a son, Michael of New York; and a brother, Alberto, of Lima, Peru. �l)AR 8TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PEDIATRIC/ADULT ALLERGY ANDCLINICAL IMMUNOWGY • July 11-13, 1985. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Contact: Rayna Saville, Coordinator, Continuing Medical Education, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, 219 Bryant Street, Buffalo, ew York 14222, (716) 878-7630/7640 . • PLANT FLAVONOIDS IN BIOWGY AND MEDICINE: BIOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOWGICAL AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS • July 22-26, 1985. Buffalo, New York. Contact: Elliott Middleton, Jr., M.D., Director, Allergy Division, Buffalo General Hospital, 100 High Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, (716) 845-2985. • CAPE COD CONFER- ENCE ON PEDIATRICS • August 2-4, 1985. Hyannis, Massachusetts. Contact: Rayna Saville, Coordinator, Continuing Medical Education, Children's Hospital, 219 Bryant Street, Buffalo, ew York 14222, (716) 878-7630/7640 . • 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFANT NUTRITION AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE • August 25-30, 1985. Brussels, Belgium. Contact: Rayna Saville, Coordinator, Continuing Medical Education, Children's Hospital, 219 Bryant Street, Buffalo, ew York 14222, (716) 878-7630/7640 . • AMERICAN PHYSIOWGICAL SOCIETY • Fall Meeting, October 13-18, 1985. Niagara Falls, ew York. Contact: Leon Farhi, Chairman, Department of Physiology, 104 Sherman Annex, S NY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, (716) 831-2739. • EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LABELED ANTIBODIES • November 5-7, 1985. Tokyo, Japan. Contact: Dr. E. Beutner, Department of Microbiology, 219 Sherman Hall, S NY at Buffalo, Buffalo, ew York 1<+214, (716) • 831-2905. ERRATUM' -~~--------------------------------------------------------------- I BUSINESS REPLY MAIL POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRE:SSE:E: Buffalo Physician 139 Cary Hall 3435 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14214 J �THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO 3435 MAIN STREET BUFFALO, NEW YORK 14214 -----------------------------------------------------------------~ LET US HEAR FRO YOU Fill out th1 c rd print or type II entrie ) (PI Year MD Received Nm Office Addr ss Home Addr s If not UB, MD received from In Priv te Pr ctlce: Yes Sp 0 y F I,. In Academic Medlcln : '1: e S hool Other: M dlcal oci ty News: H yo ember hlp h ng d po s p b h d � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. 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For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/947128a7da08519da866691db0817e32.pdf 23098d7601c26d400e01f3f9c20b368f PDF Text Text \olum~ PHYSICIANS FOR THE 21st CENJ:URY 19, umber l, la, 198<; �Message from the Dean 11( iffi Ph l El IIOR l t t he repon hut .11 :11 d I H h • ur r 1 D t'lh 111 .md h m p I) [) u t J g ~ m um und r r [) [) ht rogrnm cd Ph I d I are gen( r.111\ tx. en , onh\\ h1le "e re on er , kfl un aid Taken e the moue k G 110 PIT I o Gene IJ n 1 n ( n '- n h r:uu n )f nd ore I lcd1 al mer ~ la r orl I In lllUtC trail n l'rodm cd ""' ct, r /I tb( cl oof tat, l 1111 ti/ IJuffalu H e II fair 11 r n or R /m W/1 II II 1th ICIIIC' if <11 ) ork rdle r 10 red m math • head th pcr,pect1\ nd \alue ahc: ur mtd health, II n - Job11 Vice Pre /dent for t,J 1rr} }OU ~~ .1 011 a1'gbton, t.D . li11ical Aff11irs A Message from the Medical Alumni Association II e uc (pag 2"'7)1 th f111.ah1.cd 8th p rm I I b deH>ted t the tlmd} uh1c(t of r ed b our progr.im chairm cir rcspeltl\c fi Id of end ht."gr,cn b\ Edmund The The cmr K, cl km d Progmm m:111011 all re to kton \\n d 1 h<."rof due pa, m alumni h s mad II po 1hk to ha , c mg re cpuon f. r th m nc n llcgt of Ph} 1C1an m Z9 19 'i ccmg , ou .it prmg Chm .ii Da, J I th Buflal Mam ue: nal '\ m I I am loo Inn aturd \ t I\ - Carmelo Pre J 11 \ . rme11ia ldt>111 , M' 9 �------ -- ---------------- ~ - - - ------ BUFFALO PHYSICIAN 3 PHYSICIANS FOR THE 21 t CENTURY • blue ribbon panel of medical educator ha relea ed a long­ a aired report that r commend immediate major r tructuring of the y t m rhich educate and train future phy ician B Medical chool official apprai our · el tive Program (') and admi ions program (8), in light of the e r comm ndati n . 10 EAR IMPLANTS • Two B otolaryngol gi t are pioneering dev lopm nt with ne and promi ing ochlear implant for the deaf. ELEGA CE I MEDICINE • n e ay by a Buffalo phy ician a k , ' uld you tru t a doctor ith an alligaror on hi long white 12 14 • oat'?. THE SURVIVORS' CHILDRE .B p ychologi t ha embarked on a major tudy of the children of Holocau t urvivor chat may hed light on how the horror of orld ar II affect lacer g neracion . Med student in anatom y lab : 1s /be training too scientific? RE EARCH • HO PITALS • Two ' B geron ­ tologisc. initiate study of care for the elderl} . ur ­ gery can aid tho c with pain­ less narrowing of oronary arcerie . 1 e" stud) designed to fight diabcte . Coro ­ nary angioplasty prove effective :tool quaiac test beginning to gain acceptance . Ami ­ tumor drugs studied. Photo d~ namic chcor) closer co FDA ap­ proval I Ro well Park recei\ ·e. ➔ 33. 36 grant from N I. Kid­ ner Center open · Pediatric Dialysis Cnic. B H com puterizes it operating room schedule . LB Dental ' chool changes its name 22 Tl'DE , T BOOK • 'The Painful Pres rip ­ cion ': Rationing Ho pital arc 28 PEOPLE • Phy ­ sician donate rare book of Leonardo 's ana­ tomical drawings . Other ne" · of people you kno" 30 CLA • ward winner . and the Annual 24 Talent ho" DEATH OTE • 3'1 • 36 ��PHYSICIANS 21stCENTURY FOR THE I t 'as half a century ago •hen the la t major ov rhaul of the American med ­ ical education y tern a attempted. ow, 52 :ear later, a blue ribbon panel of medical educator has relea ·ed a long-a 'aired report that recommend immediate, major restructuring of the y tern which edu ate and train futur physicians. Th e chang are d cribed in "Phy ician For the 21 t Century," the report of a pan I e tabli hed by the A ociation of American Medical Coll g , 1 hich represent all 121 medical chool in the .. , including UB' chool of Medi­ cine. The committee· full nam i th Panel on the General Profe sional Educa­ tion of the Phy ician and College Preparation for edicine. iting what they perceive a an accelerated erosion of the medical educa ­ tion y tern, panel member fi el that determin d action mu t be taken now to arre ·t the tr nd befor ''critical and irrever ible damage is don ." The GPEP Report, a it i now known (for it acronym taken from "General Profe ionaJ Education of th Phy ician"), arrives at five conclusions embody­ ing a numb r of g neral principles. It trongly ·rates that the medical education y tern hould reduce the role of rote memorization and lecture tim and hift emphasis toward learning the proper attitud s value , and kill befitting a caring and humane practitioner. A ociated with thi ignificant hift would be greater encouragement of tu­ dent to broaden their I arning experi nee with a liberal education rather than the narro er, mor pecialized scientific mphasis that currently predominate both the pre-medical and medical years. ~ w UJ ...I 0 BY BRUCE S. KERSHNER a: ~ §:c a.. 3 �tive . Thi · poli y i reflected in the urriculum committe ' deci ion made prior to the GPEP Report . The e deci ion re uced lecture time at the chool co the 20 to 30 hour per week range , quarely in the middle for all medi al f ho I and con iderablv le than the 30 to ➔ O hour . ome chool . · Ho e-,er, Dr . 0 trow and aughco n feel that furth er reduction in lecture time would be difficult to achie e and reduction of mem rization ·could even be detrimental. They empha i7..edthat factual knowledge of medicine i e.·panding t o rapidly co reduce o r eliminate memori 7..ation. " Medical edu acion is inherentl y diffi cult ," Dr . O trow tare . " Th e task of memorization i mu ch greater today (and mu h more anxiet y-producing ) than a generation ago. tudentJ today mu t unav o idably face chi · dilemma : while rhe amount of data is continually ri ing. the amount of time co learn it has remained tati c." The que tion i not if we can furth er reduce the amount o f memorizati o n but ..which fact are mo t relevant to be taught ?" • hat is done with time formerly allotted to lecture ? That r duced lecture time at the 1edical chool ha been partly replaced by more onferenc time , ·mall group tutorial. and laboratory experience . " Th concept that medical chool hould encamp edu cational diver ity i a very constructive recommendation ," Or. aughton agrees. hile exi •ting alternative learning t rmat are ade­ quate for now , che dean notes that " we have the opportu ­ me hange in the furur , however . That nity to make opportunity will o me hen the new m dical chool faility open in 19 . It ill give u more small eminar r om . If ·e'v had a prob! m in the pa t with the l cure part of ur program , it ' becau e our facilitie have not lent them ·elve to alternate wav of teaching . The new facility ill provide that opportunity. " The de-empha i f memorizati o n of fact in medi ­ cal , ch ol hould b balanced. the report maintain , by en uring that tudent learn the technique of learning . Thi i so independent learning and problem . olving can be undertaken by the cudem apart from the convenci n­ • I " e tea h/you learn " approach of lecture ·. ince it i impo ible to teach (or to learn) all the fact . of medi ine within four year , the panel' 29 member . indicate that thL approach will hone the pr blem- olving kill. doc ­ tor ill need to diagno e and treat patient on a daily bai . It hou ld al o enable them tO keep up with the rapid growth of medical knowledge, through continuing edu ­ cati n , long after they have left medi al h I. recommitmenc t0 education a the foremost goal of medical chool i promoted by the report . It claim . that the prioritie , re ognition, and rewards accorded to re earch, patient care, and training of resident . and radu­ at tudent " has militated again t the education of medi ­ cal tudenc ," and urges that this profe c. ional education be reemphasized and reinvigorated. The report ees two change of faculty involvem ent a es ntial to thi recommitment to education a · a pri ­ ority . Fil'. t it urge a more inten e invol\'ement of faculty in the role of mentor and clerkship up rvi or ·. econd, it ould like co ee profe or working more with mailer group of student in tutoriaJs, eminar , and other cuing as alternativ to lecture cime. B ide inc rea •ing the relative priority of education among medical chool endeavor , e eral propo al are aimed at increa ing both the continuity and coh ivene s of the medical curriculum. The report ugge t way to inc grate the ba ic and clinical ien e , a well a t mooch the transition from th clini al year, of medical chool into the re idency . Cohe ivene of the curriculum ould al o be enhanced by creation of "an interdi cipli ­ nary and interdepartmental organi7..ation of fa ulty mem ­ ber to formulate a coherent and comprehen ive educational program ." Thi council ould en ure that compatibility b tween di cipline and concerns between department wou ld be addre sect. ow that adrnini trator and faculty at B' Medical hool have had ome rime t dige t the report· _ ~ weighty recommendations, their re pon i mixed . The consen u of the dean and many of th a o iate and a • i tant d an i that while ome of the ugge ti n arc wor ­ thy and hould be adopted by medi al . cho L , c rtain other recommendation are not reali tic and would be difficul t or ven detrimental to implement . As far a B i concerned , "Our medical ch I had adopted many of the recommendation year before the rep rt or while it wa being developed, " comment: Or. Peter O trow, a ciate dean for curricular and academic affair . Thi progre ·. ive approa h taken by the school has re ulted in admi ion , urriculum , and admini ·trative change that fully or partly addre all bu t three or four of the 27 recommendation . " For tho e recommendation the chool hadn 't already addr ed before the report , omc are worthy for u to pur ue-and me definitely aren't. For chose principle we agree with, the report cer ­ tainly provide u with an impetu to put chem into ef ­ fect ,'' Dr . 0 trow replied. Promoting Independent Learning and Problem Solving Skills The Medi al chool' interc t in adopting alternative learn ­ ing fi rmat has al o enabled the chool to addre s another major prin iple of the GPEP Report : the teaching of in ­ dependent learning and problem - ol ing . kill • o expanion f metli al knowledge need not be re tricted t0 the medical chool ear . " I agree thar· •cientific information hould be learned in a context that truly motivates the _cudent co I arn ," re­ mar Dr . trow . " That i hy clinical -oriented problem olving or ca e tutly format · are now available here ." ( ee accompanying article on the ek tive Program.) an ex­ ample, 0 trow referred co the patient-oriented problem ­ . olving (P P ) project in the curriculum . One mul­ tidiciplinary POP i the CP , or linical-Pathological orrelation . . In the CP , tudent are given raw data (patient hi tone . , X-ray. , lide . lab data) from a real clinical ca e. The • tudent try to analy7.,ethe medical problem and how it should be remedied . ft r their attempt ·, peciali t are called in to pre ent their analy e . P are offered in each ear of medical chool. " We pe~t the first.year tudent co get very far, but great­ er u ce I expected of the tudent in each ucce i e year,'' Dr . 0 tr explain . Problem- . olving format will become a "tVeeklv event next year. have ocher trategie . · in place for independent lcarrnng, Dr . aughton add . " We have a number of honor . cour ·es for tudent moti ated t0 do more than Les Empha is on Memorization and Lecture Time •:~e.. Dr . Ost row and ice Pre idem John aughcon, dean f the Medical chool, both generally agree that too much sere on memorization and le ture time i counterproduc - 4 �their regularly required ,York . We al o encourage tudent to parcicipate in the i honor , e have a trong ummer re earch program (in which the ·cudent · conduce re earch with a enior faculty member ), and there L an integrated I. D./Ph. D. program ." hile the e alternative ~ rmat. for learning are valu ­ able, they are not for everyone. nd that , Dr .• aughton feels, i another area where the GPEP Report ha< exagger ­ ated it prioritie . "Their re ommcndation · all on chooL to e:;tabli h independent learning program · ~ r 100 per cent of th tudent . The fact are that alternativ \\ay of education work for ·e]e ted • cudem , not all • tudent . While the goal i orthy , the me hani m houldn 't be ap­ proached in a nai\'e way," aughton contend . Shift Toward Teaching Value comment o tudent \\ ill re eive more detailed feedba k . On the urface , the PEP Report ' recommendation to encourage reaching of m re attitude , alue , and kill (a ppo ed co fact ) appear . ound. But, a. with ome ocher recommendation ·, a clo er look re eal. pr blem · in uch a implistic olution that are related to the mher­ ent difficulty of teaching medicine . Dr. aughcon tr ngly upporc- the concept fin till ­ ing value and attitude in future phy ician . But he be­ d deficiency lieve · th rep rt again ver tare thi upp in the medi al education y rem and may even go far a to dimini h the imp rcance of cientific, factual under canding and value y cem . Ob\'i0u ly, attitude and valu are important. "'The que tion i , what are the attitude and value that we're trying to develop? One ha to be careful not to overem­ ph · ize one et of value to the detriment of anorher " the dean articulate . ''Ever one feel that humani ti value are important to ere but it' al o important that tudent learn ch attitude and value of good ientifi prepara ­ tion , the valu of p · e ·ing clinical knowledge a op­ po ed to clinical opinion . that they learn to make olid judgement ba ed on a mu h evidence and ·pe ifi in­ formation · they can . " I take 1he po icion that every day a medical student i being caught, ome attitud and value i being rein­ forced . The GP P Report give · the me · age that not enough i being gi en on humani tic value , but it shouldn't be interpreted chat chat et of value i. more im ­ portant than other et of alue ." Dr . O ·trow um up the dilemma u inctly. " In a patient-d ctor relati n hip, the bottom line i : if, ou had a hoi e bet ·een your do tor giving the right an wer (about your medi al problem) or having a go d attitude, whi h would you choo e? hile patient obviou ly wane both, the be t outcome i • nor po ible without the ound medi al kno •led e." Learning medicine ·hould be a lifetime cour e, 0 tro" believe , and he draw upport from the far- ighted quoce of the noced phy ician, ir '\ illiam ler, in 1905: ··we expect co much of the tu dent and v,e cry 10 teach him mo much . Give him good methods and a proper point of \'iew and all other things will be added a hi e peri nee grow ." & Attitude Perhap more than any other concept the GPEP Report repeatedly empha ize that value , attitude , and kills hould be taught co a greater degree than i currently done in the American m dical education y rem . Dr . trow b Ii ve · thi i an area where L'B ha been p cially re pon ive. "F r many year ·, we've ent student · out to preceptor hip • where they wicn the caring rela­ tion hip of phy i ian to patient ," he relate . " \Xe al ha,·e a trong elective program for fir ·t and third year. . Fir tear tudem mu t elect from among cour e with hu ­ manistic as well a factual a ·pect such a medical ethic, di ability, minority and under erved population , occupa ­ tional and environmental health , and alcohol and ub tance abu e. The GPEP Rep re empha ize not only the teaching of attitud and value but al o expli it criteria co mea ure tuden ' performan e in the e nearly-impo , ible-ro ­ quantify attribute . Dr . Frank chimpfhau er, i cant dean for education and e aluacion , r ponds to the . e recommendati n by yllabu for the referring w a re ntly developed cour Third -Year Clerk •hip in Medicine, a ho •pital -ba ed rotat­ ing program thar gi es tudent clinical experience among up to 66 familie of di e e . ''Third-y ar clerk hip oordinator have held retreat and made oncerted effort to encourag excellence in tea hing and learning, " Dr . _chimpfhau er explain . "W◄ realized we had both c clearly idemif_ and a e ,vhat the tudent · hould kn w and be able t do , and to iden­ tify, ob erve, and a c important a peer · of profe . i nal gr wth and behavi r." The syllabu ~ r ea h of the ix third -year program pell out in rea enable detail what the minimum level of competency in kno ledge and fact hould be. Becau e of thi , teaching effort and program time can be u ed more effectiv ly to develop profe ional kill uch a profe. ional and patient intera tion, clinical deci •ion­ making and elf -as es ment ," chimpfhau er point out. Th e tion on student e\'-aluation and grading in the Medi­ cine Program read , "Practic of th tandards of profes ional conduct, in­ cluding hone ty, integrity, recognition of one ' own limi­ tation , c mpa ion, en itivity to patient ' need , and , re pc t i r their di nity and privacy, tru tworthine punctuality, and fulfillment of obligation and re. pan i­ bilitie , i expected from and i taken into account in evalu­ ating the cud nt ." tudent evaluati n form in the clinical year likewi e Ii t many of the e attribute a grading item . Th e were added a recently a tw year ago. The form al o leave pace co encourage fa ulty to provide m re ub cami e Integrating Ba ic and Clinical Science The report' _1 t re ommendation urge way to integrate the basi cience , ( u h a anatom ·, phy iology and path l­ ogy) with clinical cience in the third y ar. B ha for a number of year integrated the ba ic cience into the third year through an interdepartmental program of ·ele tive offerings. ln addition to the third-year clerk hip , each tudent mu t choo e a one-week elective . Example in­ clude uch t pi a · geriatric , deci ion analy i in clini­ cal medicine, biophy ical monitoring, oncology, and diagno tic microbiology . In addition, clinical correlation of di , a e proce e are integrated into ome fir t· and ·econd -year cour e , u h pathophy iology. Promoting Liberal Education The Medical chool ha undertaken everal way to en ure that tudents with non- cience and liberal edu ation ba k­ ground can qualify for medi al chool without being penalized for their relati ely mailer undergraduate e perience in the cience ( ee accompan ing article) . But the report ' r ommendation to encourage a broad aca- 5 ��demic background and a liberal education doe not ap­ ply olely to admini trati\'e tandard . The report urge · chool to encourage the liberal edu ation empha L throughout m dical cho I. It al o criticize · the y tern­ wide pre ure to pe ialize a early a po ible and to take electi\'e "dir ect d mainl} toward gaining a re idency p ition ." Again . the ·ch I fore at-. this problem everal year a o and addre ed it. according to Dr. 0 trow . by requir ­ ing 6 urth -year medical student to ha"e th ir elective curri ulum appr ,·ed by their clinical advi r . The ad, •ior monitor their pro ram partially for the purpo e of preventing the premature ·pecialization that the GPEP Report warn - again t. Establishing Interdepartmental ing ervice - are arranged . The acce ibiLicy of the latter t ·o program i indicated b) the fact that they are utiliz d b} roughly half of the medical rudents during their four years here . Summary Council To further reinforce the priorit of education. the report would like to ee all medical chool e tabli h an interdi ciplinary and interdepartmental organization of faculty which would devi e educational program and work out incon i ten ie between di ciplin . uch an organization, the rep rt ay , hould have the upporc of the general faculty . Dr. , aughton ' initial re:pon e to thi recommenda­ tion i that " we 're ahead of mo c medical chool in that regard b au e we ha\'e an influential faculty council, whi h i an interdepartmental body with el erect represen­ tati,· s ~ r ea h department. The council appoints the cur ­ riculum and a ademi standing committee (that in most medical cho I the dean ·would app int). They bring rec mmendation for change and quality control to the hile the tOtal c uncil that are pas ed on to th dean.'' dean make the final deci ion. he ere· e that their recom­ mendation · are generally implemented becau e the coun1Iha a . olid reputation for making fea ibl . ound, and worthwhile propo al ·. Establishing CJ) 0 "' ~ u a: ~ § :i:: a. In ummary , Dr . aughcon maintain that the rep rt over tate · the pr blem in Ameri an medical education " There' no crL i , ju t inherent difficultie · in medical education - it' alway been diffi ult to edu ate future doc ­ tors. In it · attempt to remedy what it ·ee • a nst. , ll ver­ look the genuine ucce of the American medi al education y~tem ," e pecially when compared to other countrie . He contend that while many of their re om ­ mendacion are upportable, ocher are :imply unreali . ti becau e the • were formulated to correct wide ·pread flaw when in actuality the problem exi c a isolated phenome ­ na among each of the 12.., ·chool . oc all of the chool' re pon e to th recommen ­ dation could be de rib d in chi rep rt becau e of . pace limitation but the admini cration ' point i · lear. They maintain that the ~ledical chool at B ha tri\'ed not to be an example of the y tern-wide educational deficien ­ cie that the PEP Report beli ves co exi t. In ·cead, rhe • hool ha ught to monitor and improve it. educarion ­ al pr gram gradually , over the year . rather than to wair for a panel of exp rt to tartle them into rea ting . If the 1edical chool is proud of it re rd o far, it would be erroneou . however, co onclude that it. admini rrator · are complacent or re i tant to thi report' - r ny report ' re ommendation . Their re pon e i ·imp!) that this report i only ne part of the hool' continuing pro e of crutinizing propo al · that may improve the qualiry of medical education here. Tho ·e t-.·ho wi h to judge the . ucce · f toda} · · effort. may have to wait until the 21 t century . • SelectiveProgram aheadof its time Student Support Programs One of the last recommendation i that each medical chool h uld develop a y. tern for effective upport and coun eling of medical . tudent to help th m deal with the emocional tre and pre · ure thar become o much a part of their edu ation . Dr. Maggie \! right, a · i tam dean for tudent affair . agre with thi ugge ti n wholeheartedly, and in fact t-. appointed by the 1edi al hool in 19 1 co expand the ho I' tu ent upp rt y tern n a full-time ba i . ''Noc only d I upport thi recommendation. bur che Medical ho I' admini tration al o crongly promoces academic excellen e and good mental health for all it tudent ,'' . he omment. he oordinates tudent upport ervice for the cho I, whi h in lude coun elling. tutorial ·, the faculty ad, ·i ory program , and the ·tudent /fa ulty/admini tration program . tudent are in~ rmed of the e upport ervice during orientation. In addition , a. ummer Enrichment and ademic upport Program, e ·cabli hed in 1969, i availa­ tudent during the ble to di advantaged and minority ummer and thr ugh ut the year. The ere ourc available to medical tudent contrib ­ ute t0 ·ati fying thi GPEP recommendation . The chool' faculty advi ory program provide each tudent with an advi or to a , i t him or her in dealing with career option • per onal matter , and academic concern . For academic a ·i tance, a tudent tutorial program i available for ev­ ery ba i ience cour e. For per onal problem . coun el- F By Frank chimpfhau er, Ph.D. Assi tan/ Dean for Det'elopment and £z,a/uation and Associate Profe · or of Medicine our year prior to the AAi1C' rec nt report on " Phy­ ician for the 21 t emury," UB' faculty introduced a program for fir t-year medical tudent which ad­ ed manv of the i ue and recommendation dr outlined in tliat report. One , ignifi ant re ommendation wa that medi al facultie hould offer education­ al experience that require tudent to be active , indep ndent learner and prob) m- olver rather than pa ive recipi nt of information . Buffa] · ele ti, ·e Program now include nine cour e from among ·hich each tu ­ dent mu t elect one during hi or her fir t year. The in ­ tent f the elective Program i to deal with current so io -medical problem , be multidi ciplinary in natur . pre em content currently unrepre ented in the curricu ­ lum, and pro ide lecture -alrernativ in tructional methods and experience . elective cour e have provid d oppor­ tunitie to vi it clinical fa ilitie , interact •ith patien , and di cu alternative point of view ith expert in the field. One uch course. " Perspe tiv on Envir nmental and 7 �of attitude t0\Y:trd canc er along with elf -reported appli­ cation of pren:mi n principles in clinical etting ., and a retro pective evaluati o n of th e relevance of the original cour e components . Additi o nally , videotap e of a ample of the selecti, ·e program tudem and co ntrol tudem en­ gaged in patient interviews (in family medicine) " ·ere ob erved and oded for the use of pre, ·emion technique . While in ming tudent ~id not differ in the amount of knowledge o f cancer and prevention principle , tu­ dent in the program cored ignificantly higher than con ­ trol - hath at the end of the co ur e and during the longitudinal tudy . ver the years o f th e follow -up tudy, the pr gram· student . sh wed a minor lo · in retention of informati n. but control tud em . cored . on the aver­ age. almo t the ame o n all four te ting occa ion . ccupation I Health - F cu ing on ancer Prevention,' wa <.level pec.l through a three -year c ntract awarded to the ' chant by the National Cancer Institute . Under the leader hip of Dr . Paul Ko tyniak, a ociate profe · or of pharmacology and project coordinator. Dr. Jame 01 on. a si tam profe sor of pharmacology and cour_ e coordi ­ nators, and my elf , as principal inve tigator for the on­ tracL. several faculty member - cooperated in developing a c ur e v..hich ha now been di eminated nationallv through the National ancer In citute . · Like the other fir t-year elective , the Environmen ­ tal and Occupational He.alth cour e focu e. on ciobio1 gical i ue . ' pe ifically , it purpo e i. to ·en . itize the medical wdent co cau, e of preventable disease and co the phy ician · role in influencing patient ·· altitude · and hehavior which have an impact on their health. Addition ­ ally, rudent di cuss the rol phy ician , as respected com ­ munity member , may play in hanging lo al, state. anc.l federal policie · whi h impact on di . ea e pre, ·ention. The our e focu e · on cancer induced bv em •ir nmencal and occupational factor . The e cancer example · are particu ­ larly appropria te ·ince they pre em ome of the most difficult problem · in the interpretati n and extrapolation of cientific data, the promulgation and enfor emcm of regulation , and the applicari n of behaviorial modifica ­ tion principle . Group di cus ion are directed toward i • ue · of control in the initiation of the di ea e where intervention may have a ignificant impact on di ease prevemion . W hile not . ignificantl) differ ent, -deceive <;tudent · at­ titude toward cancer tended to be more po -itive than those of control tudents . tudent. v. ith greater kn wledge tended to ha\ ·e mor e posiri, •e attitude . Anatr es of tu ­ dents ' clinical beha, ·ior sho ·ed that elective program tUdent. mentioned ri k factor more frequently than did controls, but the difference " 'as not ignificant . They asked more que , tion · about o upation. alcohol u e. hobbie , c.xpo ure to toxic sub can e , obe ity , and genetic , and the) were signifi ancly more con erned about family hi • ton · than were ontrol tudent . . measured b\' the elf ­ report a es mem . . ele tive tudem ,' appli ·ation of prevention principle , '\\-'asno greater than that of controls . The p st-course evaluation ratings of the four cour e unit · ·hawed the following: (a) the unit , ·'the natural his ­ tory of can er," " ri k factors ; · and "beha, ·ior m difica ­ tion /patient educati n," were all per ci, ·ed a. b ing very relevant while ··political /medical -legal aspect of di ea e prevention " were per eived as being only moderate!} rele­ vant; and (b) tudents ' perception of the valu of the cour ·e and ic · component . were po itively and -ignificant­ ly correlated with their level. of retention of our e materi­ al and their concurrent attitude toward cancer i. ue.. The ignificantly po itive correlations between ·tudent · kno ledge and the perception of the value of the unit on risk factor are e. pccially nmeworthy . \X.'hile ·tudent may chool I am about carcinogene ·L in other medical course , the unique value of chi · -elective lie in en -iciz­ ing student · to environmental ause f ancer . The po i­ tiv correlation between knowledge and attitUde, found for both ekctive and control tudent , sugge t that the c ntinued devel pmem of the cour e will haw beneficial re. ult in the future . • 0 ,, r the years, approximately 13 faculty members and community health profe ional - have voluncarily par ­ ti ipated in thi cour e, thereby contributing to it mul ­ tidi iplinary nature. Dr . Jame, OI on ha di cu ed environmental hazard and mechani ms of carcinogene i ; Or. Jame Has ett f the D partmem f urgery has di cu ed clini aJon ology; Dr . Harry ultz. Dr.John \'<::na. and Dr. Robert O ' he of the Department of . ocial and Preventive Medicine have di cu . sed a pects of health pro­ motion and epidemiology; Dr. Peter es ner of the Depan­ m m o Pharmacology and Therapeuri s, poke on adver e effect of tobac o : Diane R u ch of Ro well Park hru: di cu ed community re ource : Ors . Gola ze ·ki, iovino, and Hall have c vered topic. . on health beha\'ior modification, health education, and making c ation; uzanne ~l unday of the chool of Denci try ha dealt with patient relation hip ; Dr. pence, of hemi try , nutrition and cancer; and An Dallman of Environmental Health and aferv and Tom henk of Gen ral Motor have addre ed indu ·crial hygiene . ' tud nL di cu , ed occupational health on a visit to the Durez Divi ion of Hooker hemical · and Pia tic in orth Tona·wanda led by Barbara rah m and Dr . Paul Ko tyniak , and Jean Doerr covered the topi of compen ation and reco\'ery, in a M t Court hearing at the La" · chool. Of particular ignificance, an applicati n from UB 's Medical choo l wa one of tw a cepted from am ng 30 other propo al to conduce a follow -up study of short - and long-term cour e utcome ,. I, a principal inve tigator , with Dr . Lu 'Pai and M . Toni Peter rving a re earch a sociat , coordinated Lhi pha e of the program' evalua­ tion . EYaluation utilizing candardized and newly vaJidated measure have demonstrat d the value of the program . 1 ot only did the tudy mea ure the amount of knowledge gained, but attitudinal and beha\'ioral change were al o a ed: all three mea ·ures ere tak n both at the Lime of the cour ·e and at two interval ub equem co it. The e measure included Tin n te r of kno ledge and urvey UBsupportsa more 'libercal' pre-med N By Bruce S. Kershner o di . cu:smn about the wa} future doctors are edu­ atcd in medical school coukl be complete •ithout dis u ing the way the e future doctor are admitted to medical s hoot. Among the 2- ·weeping recommendation de cribed in the " Phy ician for the 11 t entury" Report 8 �ar five propo al to alter medical . chool admi ion tan­ dard and preparation . Th " GPEP" report i ued by a panel of the Ameri­ can A ciation of Medical College . recommend that medi al chool hould place more emphasi on a broad­ er, le · . cience-dominated liberal education background for entering tudents . To do thi , the blue ribbon pand ould like admi . ·ions criteria for medical chool changed to reflect a decreased requirement for cien e cour e . In contra t , the report urge that requirement for effective •ricing kill be ere s d to an even greater degree than generally occur . The tightening of requirement for ef­ fective writing kill turn out to b the mo t hotly debat ­ ed i ue relating to the admi ion recommendation . The UB Medical choor catal g doe make it clear that applicants are e. peered tO have attained the writing kill nece ary for cholarly profes ional communication . H wever , the GPEP report doe not feel this kind of re­ quirement i , by it elf, ufficient . The report trongly encourage , the addition of an e ay te t to the Medi aJ College dmi •ion Test (M AT), the rigorous and oft n intimidating exam required for all m dical chool applicant . n experimental e. ·ay te ·t will be included in ne t pril' M T, but it will not be grad­ ed or u d in calculating MC T core for three year ·, at whi h time a deci ion will be made whether ro formally incorporate it into the te t. eriou que rion have been rai ed a to how ell a te t could be objectively graded . In particular, it eff er on minoricy applicant . i a ·eriou con em. The l\linori ­ ry ffair ection of the A ociation of merican Medical College ( AM ) ha expre · ed mi gi,·ing a. to che method of coring th e ay, how it w uld be u ed. by medi al admi ion committee . and how the es. ay que tion w uld be • elected. " n e ay te t could ha\'e the ef ­ fect of putting minority applicant at an additional di advantage ," Dr . laggi Wright. a i tant dean for tu­ dent affair , point out. "The Northea , t Region MC linority Affair Committee will certainly oppo e an e ay te t if all th potential problems are not worked out in advance." It i ironic that if an e · ay te t doe have a negati\'e effect on minority admis ion , it would directly conflict with the GPEP Repon· endor emenc of proYid ­ ing "equity of acce to a medical career " for minoritie . " Te ting for writing skill i important, " Dr. Wright ay , " but the problem of an ay on a national exam would be avoided by imply ha,·ing each hool de,·elop it own ay to test writing aptitude. The AA 1C hould urge ea h chool ro do it it own way." T he mewhat le contro, ·er ial recommendations to encourage a more liberal, le • pecialized education are upponed by Dr. Thoma Gutcu o, director of admis . ion for B' 1edical chool. " It' · only logical that the majori­ ty of people intere ted in medicine will be cience major . But pre -med tudent · hould till try to take a many noncience cour , e a they would like," Guttu o recommend ,. " It i not nece ary for tuden ro take ju r cience cour. e to get into medical ·ch ol. In fact, they 'd be better prac­ ticing phy i ian if they didn 't narrow them elve coo much." Then he adds, 'Td like ro ay t pre-med tudenr : take some humanitie and broaden your elf! " Thi attitude i reflected in the admi i n re rd . ince the clinical a·. i rant profe or of ophthalmo logy be­ came admi ion director in 1981, the number of non ­ cience majors in the entering la ha averaged 28 per cent higher than in the preceding four-year period. He ha al o helped e tabli h the chool' Early ur- 9 ance Program, whi h began la t year. Thi , pro ram allow premedical tu dent · to apply, for the fir t time , to the chool of Medicine in their ophomore year, one co two year earlier than ther tudent . If admitted. a rudent can concentrate more n learn­ ing and per onal development and le n the uncercaint _ and . train that many premedical tudent go through in their junior and enior year . "Ir will free up the . elected tudenc c rake non ­ cience cour:e which they might not ha\'e taken ," com­ ment Dr. Gunu o. The fir t tudent in the program will enter the ch al in 1986. However, Dr . Guttu o w uld like to have the admi sion catalog updated to retlect the current hoot policy (an action that ould comply with the report · recommen ­ dation a well) . The cbool of Jfedicine 19 3- 6 Regi ter. written roughly two year ag . till require a relatively heavy -cience cour ·e load (one year each in biology. gener ­ al chemi cry, organic chemi try, and phy ic with a trong recommendation for calculu . quantitative and physical chemi try). De pite the heavy . ci n e empha i , the urrent ad­ mi ion catalog de, cription till encourage a liberal edu ­ cation. For example, two ye r. of o ial ciencc and one year of humanitie are recommended, a · well a the re­ quired one year of Engli h. The catalog advi ·e " cudenc · [to] prepar ch m l\'e broadly in the variou field of knmvl dge" and that "the o ial ciences are con idered a important for pro . pe tive medi al cudem a are fur ­ ther cour e in rhe physical and biologi al cience ." The cacaJogal warn again t the er- pe iaJization in ience while in colleg that rhe PEP Reporr i con­ erned about: ·· n increa ·ed preparation of work in the cience . how ,·er, i n ub , titute for work of high quality. tudent ar generally advi ed not to rake cour e · that anticipate the content of the curriculum of the chool of Medicine ." It i ob\'ious that the pecialization in cience among do tor often begin . b fi re they enter medical chool. The GPEP Report addr s e thi by urging hang in und r­ graduate education , a w II a· m di al ch ol urri ula . The ·'premedical yndr m " au e tudenc to "t ke cour e after couce in the cience " in their struggle to n­ han e their hance of medi al admi ion . " By the time their college tudie are completed, the e cudent often have forfeited the imelleccual challenge and reward th t tudy in the humanitie could have afforded," ' the report read . It recommend that undergraduate ch ol. require liheral studies no matter whi h pr fi ion a cudent plan to enter . helly Frederick. B'· undergraduate preprofe ion ­ al health career ad\'i or , agree• . " I tell pre-med student , 'take what you 're incere red in, becau e you may not be able tO take uch non- cience cour e again .' " he ee the rea ·on for rhe " premedical yndrome ·· a o iety-wide . "Pe pie have an impre i n chat you mu ·t take only ien e to get into medical s hoof. The tuden s ominue that mi concepti n the mo c, along \.Vith their parent ." Although ome change are occurring, mo tun ­ dergraduate and medical hool till perpetuate the im ­ pre ion . All interviewed hav agreed that changing the mi con­ ception will be a gradual proce ·• . The perception - of tu ­ denc and their parent will change only when eu h medical hoot change it admi ion tandard . with regard to ience emphasi together with the upport of the AAM and adoption fa imilar approach by the na­ tion· und rgraduate cho I . • �a: "' a. ~ :,: ii: :,: (.) ::::; "' _, >­ :,: a. §:,: a. 1\vo UB otolaryngologists ~· are pioneering development of promising new aids for the deaf Dr. Dauiel Fahey (abor •e) 10 oiillil' �T wo B otolarnygologists ,york111g ·epar::ttely at two Buffalo ho ·pitals are pioneering dl'wlop­ ments with the new anJ promising cochlear im­ planL for the deaf. At Buffalo General Ho pital, Or. Daniel J. Fahey surgically implanted the first artificial intra-cochlear im­ plant in \\e tern ·ew York on December 26. I98-t. On another front. Dr. Irwin A. Ginsberg will under­ wke Phase I clmical testing to e,~aluatc an e\"t:n newer ex­ perimental de, ice called the extra-cochlear implam The Buffalo Otological Group, which he din:cts. was selected h) 3 \I Company as one of only 11 medical group. nation­ ally to e,aluatl' the new device. urgerr will be conduct­ ed at :\.lillard Fillmore Hospital The :nt Company de igned both the intra- and extra-co hlear devices. Dr. Fahey and Dr Ginsberg an: both clinical profes­ or of otolaryngology at L'B. Dr. Ginsberg is also clinical associate professor of anatomy. The intra-cochlear device was recently approYcd by the Federal Food and Drug Admmi tration-a step that doctor· and management at the Buffalo General Ho. pi cal had been awaiting before giving the green light to estab­ lL h BG H JS one of the few major Cochlear Implant Center.., in rhe nation. The Buffa.lo General Ho pital officially appron!d a Cochlear Implant program on r--.ovemhcr 29, 198.:+,the same day a· the FDA ruling. Hospital admini trators al o dnlicated 10.000 to purcha. e -pecial equipment for the o;urgical procedure and rehabilitation. They are seeking hospitalization insurance CO\'Cragc for implant patient:. The BGH team hope'> to perform one implant each monrh. local craftsman, L:.1,·crne. tcnis-who lose h1 · hear­ ing at age .30-waited lO years for the electronic ear im­ plant. After undergoing the historical surgery at the Buffalo General Hospital he look:-. forward after years of silence to hearing hi. ·on's ,·oice. the rhythm of mu •ic the tele­ phone, and doorbell The two-hour operation was performed by Dr. Fahey, <.hicf of the Di,·i. ion of Otology of the Depamncnt· of Omlaryngology at BGH and pre.·ident of the board of the Buffalo Hearing and ~ peech enrer Dr. Fahey cramed with specialist Jt the Hou. e Ear ln titute of Lo Angele. who pioneered the urgical and rehabilitative techniques used in cochlear implants. level and adju. t their ,•oice. accordingly. Al o hearing the \'Olume of one· - own ,·01ce helps hearing impaired peo­ ple speak at comfortable ll'n:ls," Dr. Fahey comments. Patients who can benefit from hearing aids in com­ municating \\llh the hcarmg \\orld hould nut be consI de red candidate fur implant . urgcry at thh time Dr ,insberg emphasizes. Ideal patients for the procedure arc probably those who became deaf after they learned to peak and whose deafness wa · caused by meningitis. ad­ ,·anced otosclero">i. or omtoxicitY. "Of the e.·timatcd 200,000 deaf persons in the l. .. on!) about 25 per cent or 50.000 may be candidates for rhc . urgcry,'' Dr. Gin. berg add .. For many of these. the ochlcar implant is probabl} the best alternati\'C available toda,·. The newer extra-co hlear de, ice ha not n:t been im­ planted in human. and Or Gin. berg i. hopeful he will be oon. performing one of the fir ·1 operation. The surgical technique used ro implant either of the de, ices i nor particularly djfficult, says the l B surgeon. But patients require more than the operation to fully benefit from the de,·icc . "'The patient must be highly moti\'ated and h. ,·c realis­ tic expectation about the procedure," he add . The Co hlcar Implant program :1.t the Buffalo Gener­ al im·oh·e. a comprehen i\"e incervie · ~ Jth rhe patient and his or her famil) to inform them of its expectations Test. , including x-rays, are made and wdied to determine the condition of the inner ear so the. urgeon can plan the ur­ gical methods. The procedure for the intra-cochlear implant. a mastoidectomy performed under general am:. rhe ·ia. con­ sists of implanting a nickel-size electronic rccci\'er beneath the scalp heh ind the car. The rccch·cr sends clectri al sig­ nal. m·cr a wire cle trodc which i. surgically implanted some 6 mm. into the round window or entrance to tht· inner car. nother \\'ire ,vhich 1s al. o connected to the recei\'cr h implanted under the calp. Approximately six weeks later. an externally worn transmitter and signal pro e-;sor are fitted and ad1usrcd The sound is picked up hy a tiny microphlme worn clipped to a hirr pocket, collar. hair clip. e\'egla..,sframe, or car mold T T he cochlear implant electronically 'itinrnl.ues the pa­ tient'.- audiron nerw which then transmits sound sen­ ·arion to the braiI1. Electrodes an: surgicall,· implanted in the inner car and a recci\'er is ccured under the ..,kin be­ hind the ear. n external transmitter signal proces. or and miniature microphone produce the electrical impulse ,·i­ tal for rhe brain'· perception of sound. Dr. G111sbcrg, who toured last year n:uionall) and abroad to ob:er\'c , arious techniques and ear implant de,ice .. says the public -;hould not be misled as to the de,·ices· cffccti\'cnc. s. " ochlear implant do not miraculously enable totally deaf patients to hear a. if they had ncn;r experienced co­ ral hearing lo s," Dr Ginsberg says. \X hile the devices may aid proundly deaf persons to distingui. h bet\.Yeen sound , the rc<;ult i not real hearing. lio,Ye\'er, the cochlear implanc 1,; ·ill enhance deaf per­ ·on. · ahilir} to communicate in many way . The de\'icc 'I\. ill help them di tinguish certain me hanical ound .. es­ pecially lifcsa\'ing ·ignals such as car horns, siren , train whistle , and fire alarm . Also, dailv ound- like a tea ket­ tle •hist le, child'· err. foot tep .. 'and the cadence and direction of voice· '\\.·ill become discernible. In addition to increa. ing awarene · of their ·urroundings. nc\\ responiveness ro ound will help the e patient: obtain better control of their own \'Oice. and improve their cffecti\·e­ nes · in lipreading. "With the implant, patient can determine room noise he experimental extra-cochlear de,·ice operate:-. on a •imilar principle co rhe intra-cochlear de\'ice but the wire electrode implanted doe.· not 1m-ade the round "in­ dow. The le .. in\'asi\'C dc,·icc Or Gin berg belic,·c..,, may pron: preferable at this time for ome patients he ause of rapidly changing technology "The implants roday are in their infancy and might he compared with the cry tal radio ,;et of ye. tcrday in con­ t r,1st to the transistor set of coday." he point-- om Thus. 11 ma) be found in the future that patients "ho.-e ,·ital round window membranes ha,·c been entered surgically for the intra-cochlear implant cannot rece1\'e the more sophi ticated devices which will be developed in the next fe\\ year . ,'The dream of cochlear implants i to integrate deaf people into our society. This will sa,·e them year-, of peial education and greath reduce their social 1.·olation. · -;aid Dr. Fahey. "The impi'ant give .. them dues of. ounds Instead of total ·Hence. the\' will be able to hear the tern po and rhythm of <;peech and mu. ic and even di. cern a male ,uicc from a female one, With training, they will be able to recognize the \'Oi e. of indi\·idual family member.., · Dr. Fahey believe the implant ignificanrly increa e · understanding and awarenes . "A good. peechreadcr may understand :;o per cent of what i ·aid by ob. erving ex­ pres ion and reading lips. The implant gi\'e· the sound clues that will considerably increa. e the o,·erall compre­ hension." • 11 �I MEDICI By Richard V. Lee, M.D. Projessor of Jledicine 12 E �M atient.. the media, bureaucrats, and legi lator too P often confuse expensi\·e clothes and cars, fashiona­ y colleague on the igmoidoscopy tahle. head down, bottom up, had complained of rectal bleeding and pain. Indeed. the rectal exami­ nation had been painful and had located the fissure and cxternal hemorrhoid that the hi tory predicted. Even a busy internist in his lace 30s couldn t talk his way out nf the indignity of the ·igmoido:cope. Result. of the sigmoido copic examination were normal e.·cept for the fissure, the hemorrhoid. - what I was taught to call cryptitis and papillitis - and a shared :en. e of subdued \·ulgarity. He agreed to a barium enema if the problem per isred. \Xe shared a cup of coffee before he returned to hi office patients, relieved of the anxiety of rec al carcinoma. After a humorouslv indelicate com·ersa­ tion about bowel habit .. fiber, extra "-"ater for drink and for cleanhne. s. and anorectal suppo. itories. I trudged off to give a lecture, pondering how to a cend from the :tnus m the abstraction of carbohydrate m<.:tabolism in the dia­ betic pregnancy. I en1oyed giving the lecture immensely, but I ·uspect the students found me informal, undignified. and inelegant. \\'e hec1.ra lot abollt elegance in :,;cience and medicine the ·e da) s. One of the fine l accolade for a nice piece of research 1s to de cribe it as "elegant.·· Clinical technol>gy. especially the image produced by manipulation of complex machine . attract· the elegant adjecti,·e from the popular a. well as the medical pre. s. \X'ith all the intere:t in and fu:-, about elegant science, phy ician. and medical scientist. have begun stri\'ing for elt:gance. I confess to deep-routed di ·crust of any phy. ician who "·ork · at elegance or is at best described by the adjecti\"e elegant How can we be so caught up with elegance when the practice of medicine is \'ibrantly \'ulgar and deliciou ly ear­ thy? Patients bring all the mammalian protuberance anJ orifice· with their respective invader . ·ecretion . and ex­ cretions to physicians to examine and to treat. E.· ept for the clothe~ and the glo\'es I wear and the location. there is really little difference between nw examination of one of my hock's ewe in difficult labor· and my examination of the genitals and pelvic organ. of a young woman with an acute pelvic infection The patients and I arc barricad­ ed from intru ·ion of curious and bumptiou. by tander:. l talk to both ,;vith much the ame pc1.tterand intent. to rea:. ure, to soothe, to explain and exclaim, to how my respe t and concern for another living creature .. lost of our patients and my colleague would be di gu ·tcd or dis­ tantly amused by the exposure of the imilaritie · between being a good ·hepherd and being a good phy ician. The fact is, our ideas of illness and care an: influenced more b) appurtenances and appearances than by biology. Cloches, protective gloves, and notions of modesty, d1gn1t), and elegance are exclusively human foibles that reflect the constant ·etf-cnn. ciousne ·s that distingui. hes us from the re t of nature ·elfi h elf-consciousnei;. and emphas1 of appearance and appurtenanc<. allow for the emergence of fashionablenes in medicine. A lot of modern medicine ha focu. ed upon the superficial: elec­ tronic representatio~ of the paticnt, not the body and spirit of the patient. W'e teach \Vith slide·. \ideotape . mo­ vie . and model more than with flesh and blood. \Xe spend va ·c amounts of energy attempting to appear dig­ nified. detached, and elegant. \X."eare faintly offended by phy:ician ·ho get "too in\"ol\·ed" with their patient·; who cry and laugh and rejoice. ~ ·ithout profe sional reticence, with the folk ~vho have tru red their life and farnih· to their phpician. \Xeare pm off. a little embarra. sed, by dying. defecating, and disillusionment. Perhaps it i · my jaundiced eye, but isn't there a resemblance herween the dandified urinoscopist of 500 years ago and the white-coated oscil­ lo. copi t of 1984? a hle address, and expen ive equipment containing televi­ sion screen. and digital di. play with quality in medicine and, therefore, good hiology. Euphemi tic biology - the notion that di. e~e is omehow di. connected from the vul­ garity of body fluids and function , that phy ician arc . up­ posed to cure, not comprehend, biology - ha not on!) di\'erted medicine a~ ·ay from the patient, it h d iverted medical science away from fundamental research into fashionable "ars on cancer and other popular ailment . Costly que ·ts for cure , a! opposed co ba ·ic science, are the occupations of fashionable physicians too bu y and elegant to muck around in the biologic barn. Academician· are increa ingly taken up with the ques t for elegance: that i. how they are rewarded through grant and promotion .. Ho vital. and practitioner are caught up in the quest for elegant appearance, since that is how the public has been wrongly taught to decide on quality. tu­ dent learn Lhat clean white coats and the late ·t journal article" are more imporram than getting clo e to the pa­ tients and their bodie . Each day at the hospital whe re 1 work and teach, 1 watch student· of medic ine and nurs­ ing. ne\\· and old alike. assign the task of collecting peci­ mens of secretion. and excretion co le. s well-trained and lcs. in\'Ol\'Cd helpers. Ward attendings di dain examining the patient for more ethereal discussions of pa thophysiol­ ogr oronaq care unit and imen ivc care unit round con­ sist of looking ac complex flo" i;heet '. o cillo cope , and digital di plays. l am laughed at for opening and . melling the contents of sputum jar , for examining the contents of bedpans. and for empha. izing the fundamental vulgar­ itv of medicine. · 1 am reminded of the pat ient ho pitalized on multi­ ple occasions with hemopty i . He had undergone bron­ choscopy and x-ray everal times but continued to perplex the housestaff. their attendings. and the speciali t con­ sultants. Finally, one night. he brought in a little piece of blood) tissue in a dirty pickle jar to con\'ince e\·eryone of his plight. E\'eryone had looked at it rather di. gu tedly and distant!). and em it off to the pathology department ~ hile he was admitted and underwent ye t another bron­ choscopic examination that demon crated negati,·e re ·ults. Of cour. e. I wa agitated the next day at morning repor t when I heard the tory Had the staff performed gram train? Had they looked at a wee prep? Had they te ted 1t with benzidine? \\'e trooped of co the lab, , alvaged the sample before it was fixed for proce ing, and made a wet prep, which. bowed the elliptic red blood cells of a fmvl. A lot of money and procedure might ha\·e been aved had we not been o squeami hly elegant. ood medicine require biologic intimacy with all those inelegam mammalian orifice and protube rances. Good medicine require a robust and riba ld . ense of hu­ mor to appreciate and be ensitive to the remarkable dilem­ ma. and di tre . e that beha\·ior and biology can p rod uce. :'\1ora1and . tyli tic priggi hne. and el gant euphemism ha,·e no place in the examining room of a barn or a ho pi­ cal. It i all coo ea y co lose ight of the biology =- the na­ ture of the disea:e and the concern of the sufferer " hile stri\'ing for elegance. As one of my boy cautioned me: "Watch out for a doctor with an alligator on h i. long "hite coat." • (Reprinted with permission from the American Journal Of Medicine , Technical Publishing , a Division of Dun-Donnelley Publishing Cor­ poration , a company of the Dun and Bradstreet Corporation - all rights reserved .) 13 ���. urvi\·or. . he found no difference . I lcnce • he argue that we cann t onc lude that every son or daughter of a • ur­ vi\ ·or is neces arily damaged. their family, their · hecr where people protected them, took care of them. nd so I think that ' why it happened . It happened in ocher countrie as well. In I orwar there ~va only a mall Jewi h population, buc when they came back there \Ya a parade . They were honored . There · no parade for them in the nited tate , they ju c came trickling in . It was hard to get thi country to even allov­ chem to come in ." In fact, olkoff note , th nited tate and England knew about the extermination of Jew and did nothing about it. Has that nightmari h lap e of human con cience taught u anything? History eems co unfold like concen­ tric circle in a pool. ometime we meet the pa ·r in rhe pre em c, ·en a we ·truggle tO keep it out of the future . T o get a better gra. p of any p ihle an wer , olkoff ha de igned a omprehen ive behavioral analy i of children of Holocau t urvivor . He hope to find ho sur­ viv r · attitudes and per onalitie affect their crength to deal not nlv with the trauma of the Holocau c but with life in general. The . tudy. which will be funded by the a­ ti nal In titute of Health, involves 180 people . Compared will be: hildren of urvivor of concentration and exter ­ minati n amp , children of people who urvived in hid­ ing, with parti an r with hri tian familie , and hildren f Ea tern European parent ho came to the . ' , before che Holocau c. The JOO-item un ·ey includes que cion on : political leaning , age placement among iblin ·, income of fami ­ ly, attitude toward health , danger, anger, academic and nona ademic expectation , feeling · ab ut heroism, wel­ fare of other ., u e of alcohol , cigarette and drug ·, inter­ marriage, religio ity, importance of the ' tare of I rael, feelings about parents' experiences , a, ilability of infor ­ mation on the Holo au tin parent 'and children· home ·, and auitude co ard erman . The que cion on the , urvey and che carefully truc­ tured tati ti al appr ach of the tudy speak of ientific hone ty . • ay olkoff, .. nainly there are parent . whose per . ecutory experience left permanent ar . Tho e par­ ent \viii pas on their p ·y hopachologies , damaging their hildr n . But there are m ny more urvivor . who have come to term appr priately with their horrifying ex­ perien e ·. "It eem ::isth ugh in case where there are di curbed children of urviv9r , in almo tall tho e in tance , the par­ ent either did not talk \'ery much about it, or ompletely denied chat anything happened . Although you ould ee the number on the arm , when the e children , ould a k, the parent "-'Ould ay, 'You don 't wanr to know,' or 'l don't ,vane to talk about it, it up ·et me too much.' or 'I don 't ,,,.ant to burden vou with it:._which of our e would bur­ den the children them dve · becau . e the guilt would be enormous . "People ,_,ho ttle in urvivor ommunitie eem to ha\'e problem . They ·eem to be con tantly reminded of their experience and , in a wa), ominue co li,c the Holocau t. People who came t term with their ex­ periences, perhaps aying, 'chi happened , 1cannor undo it, we now have to be concerned about it not happening again,' eem co do well . ·· hildn:n of urvi\ •or in rho ·e familie • where par­ ent . were able to explore their current attitude about the non-Jcwi h world a hone tly as po . ible r le apt to hav eriou p. ychological problem . Jncere tingly, a Jarg per emage of hildren of ur ivor go into health care field . hildren f un-ivor who developed creati e kill , ome of their outrage and writing, arr, mu ic, t expr horror creati\'ely , do well,'" ac ording t olkoff . o it et'.m that communication is the key to tran mitting ::1 lega y f trcngch . Expre ing and haring the powerful feeling th t trauma engender , however c m ­ plex and difficult it may be, eem c lighten, or enlighten the burden . av lk ff, "Tho e urvivors who enc ro I rael • ecm t · have far fewer important p. ycho logical problem ·. The community there as et up to commemorate . Once a year there· an outpouring of emotion. The e pe pie were n t een a · heep. they were een almost as martyrs . And going back co I. rael alma t re em bled returning to S olkoff ha found parallel in another one f hi tu die on "delayed tre syndrome ·· experien ed by Vietnam era \Cteran . He believe the similar itie bet ·een sym­ ptoms are largely attributable co the phenomenon of capeg acing. ay olkoff , " People become capegoat "-'hen chey cannot defend them ·elve and when they ha\'e been · apegoac before . Vietnam veteran . ·ere · apegoat · of American policy . o one wanted them during the war. They were often defen ele · , and they recurned co le, than a hero · welcome . The mi ion xpr ed co them upon entry into armed ervi e wa in direct conflict with their experience later on . Th ' is mu h like the experience which awaited Jews entering concentration camp under a ign reading 'Arbeit Macht Frei ' ('J ork Will Make You Free); and who were then either murdered immediate! ·, or tortured and ·worked " co death a laves. Jewi h sur ­ vi ,·ors entered di ·placed per ·on camp . t await emigra ­ tion left to the whim of ·tranger . Their communitie · were destroyed , they were mo tly unwelcome in German} and Pol:ind , their previou · home . imilarly, returning veteran found a radically changed ·ociety in which they were pit on and called baby killer ." The re ults of Dr. olkoff . re ·ear h promi.e to be u e­ ful for treating all sun i, ·or of trauma and per ecuti n . Though phy ·ical effect . of brutality may be intractable, psychological trauma. even from the Halo au ·t , may hold seeds of :crcngth. In . truggling to omprehend the incom ­ prchen . ible, we may find dynamic formulae co hore up our inner trcngth and balance . Thi may be the only real way to finally balance the • cale. of justice . ' olkoff not on!\ studie the effect of the Hol cau c but he al o ceache about it to rai e people ' a"'·arene of how . uch an event could occur. lore importantly , he be ­ lieve . chat to avoid repetition of our grim rror , we mu t learn to teach chem . The relati n hip between the vent and the emotion of the Holocau t i • the ubject fan imerdi ciplinary un­ dergraduate cour e taught by olkoff and Dr. William heridan lien, an hi torian, at UB. "Hi tori al and P v­ chological Analy e of Genocide " i a ix-credit cour ·e with a con i ten tty full enrollment and good attendan e. The y tematic e. terminati n of . ix million people by a highly "cultured , civilized '' nation i a problem which re­ quire con ideration from many pecpeccive , the profe -. or feel.. While lkoff Holocau r re earch may ultimately provide a few an wer ' , the cour e i · intended co entertain the very que ·cion that, th ugh they may remain unan ­ wered. will in pire erious examination of reality . The cnur e taught by olkoff and lien elicit que tion , tear , , nd mo . t ften the comment, " I am no longer apathetic .''• Ms. Sandler is a UB alumnus and a professional writer. 16 �RESEARCII Project looks at care for the aged T By Gu y Tay lor wo prominem LB geriatrics specialists have initiated a project whi h is apparent!) the fir I sy temalic cudy in • ew York cace­ and po ibly in the nation-that addre · ·­ e the quality and future direction of care for the elder!). Thi precedent- euing study will be conducted by Dr. E\"an Calkiru; and Dr. Ar­ thur Cryns, ·ho recei\"ed a 39,5~0 grant from the A, DRU Foundation to inve tigate the quality of geriatric health care in a health maintenance organization (HMO). Dr. Calkiru. i a profe or and direccor of the Di\"i ion of Geriatrics and Gerontology, and Dr Cryns i a profe or in the chool of o ial Work. The tud}', "hich began on January I, 19 5, i a collaborative re earch effort be­ tween Heal!h are Plan, Inc. (HCP) and the Western ew York Geriatric Education Center, a unit of B' chool of ~ledicinc H P co­ inve tigacor will be Ors. Edward larine and Leonard Katz, medical and a o­ ciace medical direc­ tor , re pecti\'cly, of that organization. Dr. Katz will func­ tion as the O\'erall project coordinator. Primary objec­ ti\'es of the re earch will be co conduct a quality of care tudy of the health erv­ ice provided by HCP co it ub ·crib­ er 6- year of age or older. This will in\"olve a tratified ample study of ap­ proximate!)' 250 el­ derly HCP mem­ bers. mong varia­ bles LO be in\'e ti­ gated will be diag­ no tic a e ment and treatment outcome·. A , omewhac more ubjectiw factor co be. rudied i. that of patient- -acisfaccion ich the health ser­ vices received The resulting data will be used for development of a candardized geriarric patient ·ati faction ·cale. Dr. Robert Nichols. a profe · or of educauonal psychology a1 Band a caling expert of na11onal reputation will have major re~ponsibility for thi part of the study. The re earch project, de cribed here, i of special ignificance becau e y 1ematic empirical information about geriarric health care in HMO-setting i relati\'ely rare. Dr Calkins. a graduate of the Harvard Medical chool, is the director of the Wetern New York Geriatric Education Center The narionally prominent phy i­ cian i author of many ·cientific publica­ tions in the field a well a editor of a for­ thcoming tex1 on geriatric medicine. Dr. Cryn i a clinical and re earch p ychologi c and co-director of the Western Nev.· York Geriatric Education Center. He, coo, has publi hed e. ten ive­ ly in the field of gero-p ychology ith a particular empha is on geriatric health 17 care and ocial ervice need as e· ment. Dr. Marine, m addition to hi medical director hip a1 HCP, holds a faculty ap­ pointment in both family medicine and internal medicine at the 'B chool of Medicine. Currently HCP's a sociate medical direccor. Dr. Katz I a profe or of internal medicine ac B. It i anticipated that re ult of chi re earch will be used to advance the ef­ fec1ivene of geriatric health care ar HCP as well a co cimulace further re earch of chi · kind in imilar etting . • New application for bypass surgery S urgery can add year to the live of people who have narrowed coro­ nary arterie but how no ymp­ com of heart di ea e. according to a report dell\·ered at the annual "cientific e · ion of the American Heare ociation by a ream of L'B phy ician from Buffalo General Ho p1tal. The report ugge t that oronary artery bypa urgery may prolong the live of patient who ha\'e ignificant harden­ ing of the coronary anerie but are without painful ympcom . Thi patient group ha traditionally been created med­ ically with drug and directed change in life tyle. Coronary bypa · . urgery i frequently u ed to control che c pain. It u c co prolong life has been controve ial among doctor . Howe\'er, a team of B/Buffalo General Ho pical phy ician. •aid their tudie how that urgery extends life. Pa­ tient with clinically ignificant coronary artery di ease without chest pain who un­ dergo bypa urgery ha\·e a urvival rate beuer than chat of the public at large, the report cates. The team tudied 1 ➔ 9 patien who had no che t pain when the deci ion for ur­ gery wa made. Results show a urvival rate of9 7 .5 per cent after ix years, accord­ ing 10 Dr. David G. Greene, BGH angiol­ ogi c and profe or of medicine at CB. "\~'e belie\·e our rudy ho · chat even the patient who has recovered unevent­ fully from a heart arrack hould be tudied co ee whether urgery will prolong hi life," Dr. Greene told the AHA group at a recent gathering in 1iami, Florida. �RE EARCH \ fight diabetes The grant was provided by Dr. Greene pointed out that the pa­ the cw 'tbrk ·1ate Ht.-althRc.<,earchCoun• tients' survi, al rate in the Buffalo study cil to stud} the cau e. and impro,·e treat• exceeded that of a larger study reported ment of diabetes. a year ago to the AH that found six-year The gram -tvasawarded to Dr. Basab K. survival rates of 90 per cent for 390 pa• Mookerjee, profe or of medicine, b} Dr t1ents treated medically and 92 per cent John Jack, the representative of the • 'i .S. for 390 patient treated surgically. In that Health Re!>earch Council. Coronar} Arter} Surgcn tudy (CA S), patient were as igned at random to one of the two groups ugge ting no significant difference in survival rates between medical urgical treatment, the CA rep rt implie · that surger} could be postponed until a pa• tient's heart dist.-ase symptoms could not be controlled with medi ine, Dr. Greene .~aid He added that some medical centers "' found the demand for bypa · ·urgery declining after the CAS findings were z publi hed _______ ....... Dr. ,reene suggested two reasons for if 1,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; the dbcrepancy bet ween the CA and (L-R) Dr. Mookerjee , UB Research the Buffalo team's conclu ions. The Vice Pr esident Donald Rennie, and proiecc was carried out in 15 surgical Dr.JobnJack , .Y.S. Health Research centers, omc of which had surgical mor• Council. talicy rate of up co 6.'¾per cent, he not· ed. whereas surgical mortality race at Dr. Mookerjee' gram i one of 17 given Buffalo General Hospital have been below co scientists around the state following the 2 per cent since 19-.5 198 ➔ ·85 appropriation of 250,000 in In addition, some patient~ a! signed ran­ funding for diabete re earch. An addi· domly to the medical treatment group in Clonal 150,000 has been earmarked for the CAS proiect underwenc surgery as diabetes education and control programs. their ·>·mptoms worsened. The shift from The American Diabetes Association and the medical co che surgical group led to the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation have a falsely elevated impre ion of the results worked together toward such state fund­ of medical management, Dr Greene aid ing for the pa t decade. JDF and ADA Dr Greene spoke as a representative of \'Olunceer · ha\'e made se,·eral trip to Al­ a large group which conducted the Buffa. bany to encourage leg1 Jator to uppon lo study. Other members of the team were the bill· Ors. Ivan L. Bunnell, Djavad T Arani, Ge­ Dr. Mookeqec i · co-chief of \e terans orge chimert, Thomas Z Lajos, Arthur Admini trauon Medical Center' D1vi ion B. Lcc,Jr .• orman A. Lewin, Syed T Raz:.1, of ephrology. Hi gram will help him Walter T Zimdahl, John M. Bozer, Robert tudy how certain diuretic drug interfere M. Kohn. David C. Dean, John P. \isco, wHh the-bod}·· ability to properly utilize James G. Conley, and Gretchen L. mith, ugar and energy. By under tanding what R. . • cau es thi unde irable ide effect, Dr. From BGH's 'Pulseoeat:· Nu, 1984 Mookerjee hope to develop way of avoiding it in diabetic and others under­ going kidney therapy. One million ew Yorker have diabetes-12 million people nationwide, wHh 5 million of tho e remaining undi­ By Bruce S. Ker hner agno ed. Diabete i. till incurable and is the country' third h1ghe t cau e of death UB d1abete researcher has been by disease awarded an 18,6o0 gram. pan of a larger effort that repre ·ems the poke men for the Juvenile Diabete fir t time that 'cw York 'rate has Foundation and the American Diabetes A ociation hope the S400,000 for provided direct funding for re earch to re ·t.-archand education will contribute to diabete prevention, better ueaunenc, and a cure. E rabli hed within the cw York tate Department of Health, the tate Health Research Council v..-as created by the Governor and Legi lacure in 1975 to coor­ dinate and integrate re earch in health­ relaced areas and promoces independe nt medical re earch in particular. ince its in­ ception in 19 5, the Health Research Councli has funded 50 proiect totalling 9.9 million in grams ratewide. UB has fared very well, and in fact, has received ➔ 5 av-:ards, more than an} other ingle in­ • •citution in che enure rate. ! g State underwrites diabetes research A 18 Non-surgical method effective I t wa pring 1981 when Dr , eil Dashkoff introduced coronar, an­ gioplasty to Western ew York. ince then, the cardiology attending the Erie County Medical Cencer has used the non- ·urgical procedure to treat evere narrowing of corona!) arteries in over 200 patient . Mo t have had single arterr di ease; the remainder double or triple artery disease. 1\vo-thirds of the le ion have been in the left or anterior de cending coronary ar­ tery of the heart. The others have bee n in the right or circumflex coronary arter­ ies of the heart. The dara mimic national . rati. tic . he aid. During the procedure, two catheters are u ed. One is inside the other. After the outer or guide catheter enter the coro­ nary artery to be treated, the inner or bal­ loon catheter moves forward unde r fluoro copic/pre ure monitoring until it pas e the lesion Once there, the catheter i intlat­ ed/detlated during a 20 to 25- econd pe ri­ od by a controlled pressure pump. And the cycle of inflation/detlation i repea t­ ed until the le ·ion of anerio clero cic plaque is compre ed again t the ve el wall and/or is opened co allow blood to tlow freely through the widened artery. Candidate for the procedure are care­ fully selected. Important are ice of le­ ion(s) and angina ymptom · uch a increasing pain. Always a\'ailable is car di­ ac randby should the rare complicat io n l ' �RESEARCH \ I of heart attack occur. The procedure of angioplasty wa in­ troduced in thi · country in 196'¾. Drs. Judkins and C. Dotter used the procedure to dilate narrowed anerie · in leg of pa­ tients who e severe peripheral vascular di ea e made them poor candidates for urgery. During the omewhat crude procedure, catheters of increasing ize were u ·cd to open clogged blood ve els. Due to inju­ ry to artery and hemorrhage, the proce­ dure was abandoned. Ten year later, a wis team under Dr. A Gruntzig used a double lumen balloon catheter to open narrowed portions of blood ,·e els Following great ucce s in treatment of peripheral and renal anerie , percutaneous coronary angioplasty (or PTCA a it i · called) wa ucce · fully in­ troduced in 19.,~ In 19 I, the medical community ·was on the frontier of angioplasty. Today, with im­ proved in trumentation and experience, the ucce rate for coronary angiopla ty i 90 per cent, Dr. Dashkoff aid. During the co t-effecti\'e procedure, the patient i in the ho. pita! for two to three day and i back to ·ork in a matter of week. Credited with helping to e tablish the procedure at the medical center i Elizabeth loan, nursing team leader. Dr. Da hkoff said, ''Angioplasty is le s complicated to repeat than i. hyp:t! s ur­ gery. It i a promi ing, non-surgical alter­ native for elective patient ." • (From ECMC's NeNSletrer, Update, Dec. 1984.) Stool slide test use increasing T he tool guaiac lide te t, the newe ·t and mo t widely pro­ moted creening Le t for colorec­ tal cancer, i imple, effective, available, in­ expen i\'e and noninva ive. But re ·ult of recent population urvey and mas colorectal cancer creening program have revealed that many people are not a·ware of thi re t and that only a mall percen­ tage - three to twenty per cent - ha\'e actually taken it. Do these le -than­ promi ing tati tic reflect a trend among community physicians co forego using the ce r in favor of more time-re ted crcen- 1 I z < :l: 0 w if IL ~ a: 0 z < 19 ing method ? Is there a negative bia coward it in medical circle ? " o," ays Dr. K. ~lichael Cumming , clinical a ociate profe or of social and preventive medicine and a Roswell Park Memorial Institute cancer researcher, •ho recently polled a group of, 'ew York tate family phy ician for their opinion , belief , and attitude about the tool Guaiac tide Te t ( G T). "There i often a long time lag between the d1 covery of a medical innovation and it acceptance and adoption by community phy ician . The G T i a very good example of chi phenomenon," he said. Introduced in the late 1960 , the G T enable indi\·iduaJ co test their tool (fece ) for occult (hidden) blood at home. Blood in the tool may be an early sym­ ptom of colorectal cancer. "De pile what much of the literature i reporting, the G T i beginning co gam acceptance and re peccabilicy among fa­ mily physician ," Dr. Cumming noted The re ult of the urvey bear chi ouc. Of 131 family phy ician polled. 10....(82 per cent) indicated that they provided guaiac lide for patients co collect scool peci­ men at home. The re ponden . however, reported that they were more likely co recommend the G T to patients m·er age ➔ O than to their younger counterpart . "This re ponse was expected," aid Dr Cumming , " ince more than 90 per cent �RE 'EARCH of colon:c1.al cancer patients arc m·cr age ➔ O." Ph\''>1cians' allitudes wward 1.he <,(,Sr wen: ·gt'nerJlly fan)(-:.tblc.Q\·er 90 pu cent of the rcspondems. regardlc ·s of whether 1hc) w,ed the <,(j T, indiL'atcd that the) helit:\"cd the test tn he a useful first-line screening tool fur colorcct:.il cancc.:r, :.to,; ,-..-ellas for noncancerous pathologies Df the colon and reetllm. such as polyps and hemorrhoids. Phy-,ici:ms who use the <,(,ST 1n their praetice. howc\·cr, were more hkdy than · nonw,cr.," IO rate the 1.cstas being more effccti\·e in detecting carlr·st1ge colorectal c1mcer than other methods, such as the digital n:ctal e:umi­ nat1on or proctosigmoidrn,copy. In terms of patient compliance anti SGS"! , compk:-.:ity, 'iO per cem of the nonuscrs .md 11 per cent ot rhe users bdic,ed that patients would be unwilling m perform the te,r at home. ReJsons sug• gestcd li1r this unwilhngnes ,·aricd, hut patient compliance with tht: "iG'-;T\ dkt:Jr\' restrictions ,, ••1 the reason most cited l;y 65 per cem of tlK· nonusers and 'H pt:r cent of the users. (li> mcrea-.c tht: accur,1Cyof thL',tool analysis. it is hclil'\"Cd that a spt:cial meatlc-.s. high tiher diet should he startcd 2 ➔ hours before the stool spccimcn is collccted, anti con tmued for three dav.,. Vitamm C is also prohibited). Thirty per cem of the non• u,cr.,, as cnmparctl 10 only te.:npt:r ccm of the users, pen:eh·ed the ·csT\ im,truc­ tirn1' a. being 100 complex for patients 10 undt:r-,1:intl and follow on their own. Rc.:gardkss of compat1bili1~· with cur­ fl'nt scrL·t:ning pracuces, physicians \\ ho indicated that they u,ed the SGST wt:re morc like!} than nonusers to report using screening tests for other I) pes of cancer in medical examinations of asymptom:11ic patients. According to Cummings. "chis finding may rdkct differences in phy. i­ dans · opinions about the bcncfits of ear­ ly cancer tlt:tcction and 1he \"alue of cancer screening." Cummings belic\·es that his stud, will hdp 10 uggcst ways to promote 'iG T use among more primary c;1re physicians. "ruture prommional efforts, as suggest­ ed b) our sun·ey, should emphasize the 'iG'iT\ rdall\c merits, especiall) its effec1i1·cne s in detecting early-stage colorec­ tal cancer, 11ssimplicity, and its acceptance by patients.'' notc.:d the rcscarcher,. ·'For example, one might tre ·s the fact that the "iC,'iT Lan detcl'l cancers in parts of the colon nm reached hy the d1g1t or proc­ tos1gm01tloscopc. or highlight the fact that the SGST is inexpem,n: and nonim~a.-;i\"t' - two points of particular imeresc to pa­ uents Cummings h:istencd 10 p01nt out he docs not espou-.c ··sheh mg" alternath·e screening methods. especially in ,·it:~· of the insufficiem c\'ldencL that screening fi>rcolorectal cancer by fecal tx-cult blood can ,1gn1ficantly reduce mortality from the disease. 'What should he made clear is the 'iGST\ usefulness to physicians .\lure spccifi<..ally, that the <,C,STcan help physicians detecr colorec:tal cancer in its earl) cage,. often before symptom., ap­ pear Nearly two out of rhree of all colorcnal cancer patients could bcndit from early detection and prompt trt:at· n1en1." • Dr. Vit •ia,r Cody Cody investigates anti-tumor drugs D r. Vinan Codv, a researLh as. oci­ ate professor of med1cme and a ~lt:dical Foundation of Buffalo sc1enw,c, has bccn awarded a three-year research grant by the , auonal Cancer Institute to study the rclation~hip between molecular ·tructure and biolog­ ical activity of drugs that inhibit Lumor 20 growth. The compounds that Dr. Cody 1. studying arc inh1b1tor:, of the enzyme di­ hydrofolate reductasL which i: pre.~ent m all cclls and L required for cell growth. primar) funcuon of this enzyme i 10 produce the component · of the genetic material, D:'l:A.The goal of this program is to find a drug th:11will inhibit thi en­ Z) me only m cancer cells and thereb) shrink tumors. Also working on this proiecr are Dr. P-aul Sunon, a rcscarch scientist who re­ cently joined the Foundation ·wff. and Dr. \X'Jlli:imJ \\clsh. Department of Chemis­ try, Uni\"ersicy of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr \Xelsh's collaboration involves calculating certain physical properties of the. e drugs in ordcr to understand how their biological function h affected by changes in 1he e propertie ·. le ha., het·n shown that within the ser­ ie of anlllumor drugs under invesuga­ tion, a change in one atom can cau. e a ')00-fold mcrc.:ase Ill ac1ivi1y. By studying the cry. Lal.tructures of these compound~, Dr. Cody will bt able to determine how small change· produce such large differ­ ences m cht:1r biological activny \'fith this mformation. new modifica­ tions can be ""designed" to produce more spt:cific a111icancer drugs with fewer side effects. ''.\lokcular leH'I engineering · is how Dr. Cody characterizes che de ign of uch drug . Dr. ody joined the Medical Founda­ uon staff in 19-0 as an endocrinology tramee working on the structures of steroids. Prior to this she ,,a. a poM­ doctoral fellow m chem1stq at the Univer­ sit) of \fissouri, St Loui.. She recei,·ed her B. · in chemistry from 1he Lniver ity of .\lichigan in 1965 and her Ph.D. in chemi•1rv from rhc nn·crsit\ of Cincinnati in 1969 Her mher ma1or' re earch work at the Foundation is on the structure-activity relationships of thyroid hormone . Archeolog) is one of her major oucside imere t:.. he has participated in field cx­ carntions at archeological sitcs and has tra,-cled to major sites in Mexico, Guatemala, Peru. and Easter Island Dr Cod, i active in the Frederic Hougton Chapter of the New York State Archeolog1cal ssociation and has t1ught courses at the Buffalo ~luseum of cienc:e on the ar­ chcolog) and culture of the Incas and the people of Ea ter I land. he has gi\"en lec­ ture locally describing her climbing ex- �RESEARCH feels and .safety of photodynamic therapy." Tht: new computcr sptem. claim i1s proponc.:ms. Iean:-s nothing to guesswork. "In other words," ,aid Dr. Dougherty, "wl' arc dc.:aling with a medical cxpert systt·m that stores and records all relevant p,ltient and tn:atml'nt d:na. monitors and controls light dosage le\·els. and guidc.:sa physician through any of a number of procedures. The laser 1rcaurn.:nr begins two to three days af1cr a patiem is injected wi1h hematoporphyrin dcri,·ativc, when the rumor is highly ligh1-scnsiriw. The oper­ ator tells the compu1a the desired amoum of light necessary for uealml'nt. T seyo (right), clinical coordi,iator of RPMI's Pbotody,iamic Tber­ demonstrates Fuji Pbotofrin computer-controlled laser 011 penences 1111he \'1kababa moumams of Peru on 1hl' Inca Trail and hcr visit 10 Easter Island. Dr Cody. also with an appointmcnt in l"B's Hoswdl Park Gradtl.lll' Division. has rl'u.:nrly bccn gh·cn an Amcrican Cancer ociety Faculty Resc-Jrch Award for fin: years Her further plans induc.k cosponsor­ ship of an interna11onal sympm,ium of pl:mt tlan>nokb this July. in collabor:111on with Dr. Elhot1 \liddkton, head of L B's lkrgy Di\ ision and prothsor of med1• cine. \t rhe \kd1cal Foundation of Huffa­ lo. she sen·cs as associate re-,earch scientist 111 their :-.tolccular Biophysic:, Department and is editor of their quart­ erly publication, "Impact"' (from "hich part of this article "·as borrowed). • Laser therapy closer to approval A computcr-comrolh.:d laser system dcsigned by Fuji Photo. of Japan and Photofrin. Inc. of Cheek• towaga. may bring photodynam• ic therapy se\·eral stcps clo;.er ro oh1ain­ ing FDA appro\'al, reports Dr. Thomas Doughcrty. the LB professor at Roswell Park ~lemorial Institute who pioneered the C:llKcr treumcnt o\·cr a dccade ago. .\n im·estigational trc.ument that com• bincs a light sensitive drug and \ isihk red laser light 10 destroy c:incerous cells, phocodynamic therapy has been used 10 m:at m·er 2.000 patients at rnon: 1han -'>O facilitics both in the l 'ni1ed Stales and abroad. But .llLhough it has bct.:n shown to eradica1e or shrink 1hc mo;.1 stubborn tumors. phoLodYnamic therap) has nm. to date. relinquished its inn:st1gational sta· tus and its use in tht.: l nitcd tatcs has been rcscricted 10 specialer centers, such as Roswc.:11Park. To obcain its appro\'al, the Food and Drug Administration rcquires that sLUdics im•ol\'ing an im·es1igational drug - such as the hematoporphyrin dcri\'ativc that Dr Dougherty u. es - be carcfull) con­ trolled, in complianct: with FDA :tan­ dards. "Control \\ 'Js difficult Lo achie\·c, because the Lrea1ment proe<:ss, especial­ ly in the amount of red light used. vaned from phpician to physician. and from in­ stitution 10 institution," c.·plained Dr. Dougherty. HowcYcr, with the incroduc­ tion of the compmcr-comrollt:d laser, we fed that t-.·ecan standardize the trcatmt:nt within 1hc parameters of an FDA protocol, thus demonstrating unequivocally the ef. 21 he computer ?1akcs ih calculati?ns based on the md1\'ldual patients dat.1. tktermines the treatmt:nt time, and dis­ plays it: thcn. it measures the fiber out­ put to dett:rmine 1f the laser 1sgenerating enough power, and again displa~.s 1hc an­ swer \X'hen the fibt·r 1s in place tht• opcr• a1or simplr pushes a swnch and the 1rca1ment begins and ends automaticall,·. In addi1ion 10 being an cxcclknt rccor~l­ kccpcr, tht nc,, laser system 1s 'paticnr­ fnendly." As Kenneth \\ "eish;1upt, prc.,i· dent of Photofrin. Inc .. explained: "!~1scrs arc high energy dc\·ices that can do damage to normal tis ..,uc. Our insLrumen­ tation allow-, us to trcaL patients wnh rcduccd risk The computer knows - .ind thaL lets the physician kntw, if and \Yhen 1he patient is rcCl'i\·ing too much ligh1." Once the rclc\'ant research data is c.ol­ lccted, a 'e,, Drug Application ( DA}"·Ill be filed \\ 1th the FDA \\ 'c fccl that we \\ ill be.:able to file.:an !'\DA 111l\VO ,ears." said ~Ir \\'cishaupr. "\\t: arc pr~babl)' looking a1 at least three years before final appro\'al 1s given and commercialization bccomes possible." Dr. DougherL) bclie\'es that, \\ithin the next decade, phmodynamic therapy will join surgery. chemotherapy, and radio therap) as a ,·iable, successful cancer treat­ ment. "\Xe'vc come a long wa) since 19~2 wht:n this treatmt:nt "as 1us1 little more than a dream:· he said. "Just the other day. I \'\,t~ looking at the firs1 lighL source we built. It's falling apart and gathering dust. Looking at the new system. I'm amazed al how far we·vc come u:chnologically." • From RPMrs •Reg,onal Cancer Report," Nov 1984. �HO PITAL EW Roswell receives core center grant T he 1\auo~al Can.ccr lns111utc(, Cl) has prm 1tlctl 13.i.868 to support the second year of Roswdl P-Jrk Memori:11 I n uture\ three-year Core Center Grant. The funding period is from December I, 198~. through Novem­ ber 50. 1985 Dr. Gerald P \lurphy, direc­ tor of Rmwcll ~trk, i. the principal inn: tig:uor on the RP:'\!I Core enter Gr-Jnt. Or. ~lurphy is a LB resear h profes­ sor of urology ore enter rant!> arc a\·ail::ibk from 1 Cl onlY lO in tillllions with I) a base o pecr-rcvic\,cd research funding in excess of -,o,oooannually; and 2) e\ idcnce of intcrdis iplinaq coordination, interaction and coopcrauon w 1thin the ccmer The obJCClivt: of the RPM! Core cmer Gram is to de\elop hared resources wi1!1111the ln.titutc that arc ccmral to O\'er­ ::ill program objectives and that contribute to priori I) activities in various discipline . Roswell Park maintains a ·ore Grant Commiuee of senior . caff members 10 re\iew objectin:s of the Core Grant Pro­ gram, 10 monitor actiYHics and accom­ pli hmems of core projects to d,Hc, and to idcntif) future projects. Two shared re. ourccs currcmly up­ ported arc. I) the Compmer ciencc Methodology l nit, which develops com­ puting, st.Hi. ti al. and systems manage­ ment methodologies for the desig n , 1mplcment:Hion, dar.acolic tion, data en­ try and editing. retrie\·al. analy i . and c\·alu:nion of ha. i and clini al can er rc. earch; and 2) che Med i al Record Regis­ try, which provide casefmding and refer­ ence dat.1for detailed clinical re. earch and cpidemiologicai swdic . The Core enter Gram also pro\·idc · developmental fund., ro new and recent­ ly trained in\'cstigators working in promis­ ing field t\'hi h arc under development within the lnStitUle. ,·ix mvestigator rec:e1,·edsupport during the previou year of the ore enter Grant in diverse area u has immunology. bioph} ic . psrchol­ ogy, and ancer comrol. The ore rant ommim:e was in­ strumental in the pa t year in defining the rationa le for a linical rcsearch center at Ro well Park to facilitate research that de- § --=~=--~ J: "-L!:::..._________________________ Patient Feld. undergoing treatment at Pediatric pends on acce. s co clinical material . In addition to rhe concinuation of the Core enter ram activnie de cribed abm·c, the second-year gram include fund to support a nucleus of taff for projects in the Cancer Control · Epidemi­ ology Department, such as the Cancer Pre\'t:ntion-Dete tion Center. • Pediatric dialysis unit opened T he Kidner enter of Butlalo at Children'. ·H spital announced the opening of 1t Pediacric Dialysi 'nit, rhc fir t specialized facility in \'\'c tern cw York to care for infants and children w·ith renal failure. Jan. 9, 1985. The L'nit will enhance other crviccs provided by ihe hildren' Ho pita! Kid­ ney Center. Peritoneal dialy i i a relarive­ ly new pro edure rhat enable patient with kidney failure ro live a fairly normal life; they no longer have 10 \·isit the Ho pi­ ta! cveral times a week for hemodialy i treatment . Instead. their disea c can be managed at home w•1th the new technol­ og~ now available. Hemodialy i will aJ o be provided in the L nit for patient. re­ quiring thi erYice. • 22 Dialysis Center witb Dr. Leonard High tech aids scheduling at BGH A urgical computer, de igned and developed here make Buffalo eneral Ho pital ne of rhe few ho pita! in the cou m y co com­ puterize it opera ting room chedu ling. The high tech y tern i the mo t ad­ vanced of it kind, and according ro B H y. tem Analy t Arnn nand, it unique capabilitie for multi-departmental com­ munication and a built-in ca e cart scheduling plan are bringing new bu in 10 BGH. After months of operation, the com­ puterized cheduli ng i accompli hing it obje rive: to increase efficiency in the u e of operating room . Reports how opera­ tion are running into le overtime, le urgcry i being performed on weekends, and the O.R. chcdule it elfi righter with mo I room n w being used during pri me urgical time. According 10 Or. 1arco G. iguera, clinical a ociate profe or and head of BGH' Ane the iology Department, the efficiency of the new ·y tern i bringing more busine to Buffalo Gen eral. He pointed our that the entire O.R. chedul­ ing had been done by one pe r on with �HO PITAL EWS one telephone , pencil, era. er, and paper Potential surgerie were scheduled cl e­ \Vhere primarily becau e the telephone line wru; alway~ bu y, he said . T\-vo phone line are now manned b} everal highly tr-.1inedoperator . In a plit second . an eniire day· schedule appear · on the display crcen complete with the critical information for ea h case. " The computer is an ab olute hie sing . \'\e are cheduling two patient , in the time we u ·ed to do one." aid Dr. Viguera. Thi ucce . is the re uh of better plan ­ ning and clearer communication . data bank h Ip · to more accurately determine the length of . urgery. Before, it had been ba ed on liberal time e timatcs for the general procedure . No~. computer operators gather information to bcner judge how long the indindual ' ca e will take. Ensuring that the needed equipment, tests and ca ·e carts arc chcduled and coordinated for each pn cec.lure helps reduce on:nime by ,ivoiding unnecessaq delay . Initially when a urgical ca e i.., hooked, computer operators ask a serie!> of question concerning it. • hould an} special te t · be ..,chedulcd or dedi ated equipment arranged?'\ ' ill the patient be tran ·ferred to a bed 111I L' or a nur ing floor? Thi information i · fed into the main program , and then the program ex­ ecute. the data co be automatically fed to the appropriate departmental report . Designed as a small information system, the computerized surgical program has a word proce . sing function wi h prints daily or emi-daily report for the variow, department : admi ion . . utilization rt'view, X-ray, patholog} , and pur hasing . Replacing numcrou • cumbersome "bits of paper," these individualized print -ouh contain information pertinent 10 pecific department with a rerouce check-off lis1. A master report include information from all department and is the work ·heet in the operating room. The computer has on -line data st0rage capacity of 67 million byres and off-line toragc of ➔ O million byte . The hedul ­ ing program is de igned to adapt \vhen surgical procedure are mo, ·ed to the ne,, building which will increase it currcm 16-room cheduling format to 21. "The operating room atmo:-.pherc b in ­ ten e. If a te c is not per ormed or ome ­ ching unplanned happen , the whole schedule is thrown off , and patients wan for hour!> in the hall ,aim and ciency can be maimained b) pl:inning ·oordinating each surger} ; · said Anand ma} effi ­ and Mr • Rep, ,nrBd lrom Bliftalo Generals "Pulse/Jest, N,:,v 19114 Millard Fillmore, Cuba hospitals sign management agreement C uba ~1cmorial Hospira! and Millard Fillmore Ho pita!. announced the signing of a comract management agreement in eptember 198-t. The agree­ ment called for che immcdiace appoint­ ment of a new chief executi,·e officer and chief fi -cal officer for rhe Allegany aun­ ty institution, lo med 60 miles . outht'a . c of Buffalo. The chief executi\'t: offt er and chief fiscal officer will be con idered member of the Millard Fillmore Hospitals' manage­ ment staff , re ponsiblt: to the board of truscee, of uha Memorial Hospital and the presidenr of the ~lillard Fillmore HospnaL . George E Taylor, M D .. chairman of the Board of uba Memorial , aid : " \Xt'. recognize thac a small hospital need. co have an associacion with, and the expt:rtl e in management that can be af­ forded by, a larger ho~pital ~\". tern. After a great deal of inn:stigation we betie,·e thac Millard Fillmore Hospira! is the be c ·uiced co -en e our need. " Jan R Jennings . pre idcnt of Millard Fillmore. ,rared that " che management team and medical staff of Millard Fillmore are pleased to han .' the opponunit} co work with Cuba ,\lemorial Hospital. " Thi · agreement maintains 1he autonomy of both ho pita! . Each will conrinue under 1he direccion and control of it pre em governing board. The management contract make , ay;iiJable to uba Memorial the killed ho pital management , tecbnt al ervice and other dcparum:ntaJ re ource offered by i\lillard Fillmore . Further. both ho pital will gain in the area of hared upporc serYi es, improved patient are and financt' . This i the fifth ho pita! to come undt'r the managemt'nt of ~1illard Fillmore The 23 other four are: Millard Fillmore Suburban . heehan Emergency Hosp1cal, L3fayecce General , and Gates Circle . A hospital · are added to the group. Millard Fillmore plans to reduce operating co, t · and /or improve sen ·ice . Mr. Jennin > informed those at­ tending the pre . conference char their fir t commitment i co the patienr and the offering of service at a lower co t tu the mstltution . Admini trativc co . t · can be reduced by che sharing of expt'n es. ome of the reasons Cuba ' hospital board ~elected Millard Fillmore according co Dr . Taylor . Is their record of uccessful dealing with the New York State Health Department. and the fact that they are a regional institution inrere ted in local \tall!>-. ~ ithout the expen e of a big cor ­ porace organization. (From Cuba Patriot & Free Press, Sepr 12. 1984) • Dental school changes name T he name of the LBS hool of Den­ ci err ha. been officially c.hanged co the :chool of Dental Medicine, 8 Pro\'osc \X'illiam re111erhas announced . Pre,,idenr Steven B. , ample note when the LB :chool "a~ estabibhed in 1891, dentistry\ primary mi sion wa treatment of l)ral dbease . At thc time, he ays, empha5is was on . urgical treacmcnt of hard and ·oft ti . ue", prosthetic , and variou · manipulative technique~ for rcscoring cee1h Dcnt1 ·cry has cha1,ged dramatically m-er che year , howe,·er . expanding co in ­ clude maintenance of oral health, pre, ·cn1ion of oral di ea e and medical and urgical treatment of the oral cavity . While dental educaci n remains tl1e primar} aim of the chool , the name change refle t the School 's growing , ex­ ten ·ive, internacionally-known rc~earch omponent and the expanding nature of demi •try . UB Dcnta.I Dean Dr. \X'illiam Feagans says mosr dental chools in the orthcast are called choob of Dental Medicine. He 8' n< tc , howc, ·er, that graduates of ·chool, which currently hare the . ame building as the medical chool , will con­ tinue to recein: the D.D.S. (Doctor of Dcn ­ t.11 urgery) de ree. • �WWI bonus funds two scholarships A t the clo:e of \Xorld \\ar I. the L . go\'ernment gan: bonuses to all World \Var I soldiers to show its gmtitude to them for fighting in The \Var to End All Wars. The Lorenzo Burrows. Jr .• :-.1.0., American Legion Post -a of Buffalo , however . said, · Thanks . but no thanks. " Jc was the only \ett:ran · post in merica that voted against the bonus be ause the\ thought the countr) couldn 't afford ii", :ay its present-day commander Edward R. Ahrens. The po ·tat the time wa com ­ posed most!} of physicians who were members of the 23rd General Hospital in Europe, a. well as auornevs . But Congress. acung without the hies. ings of Post -a. appro\'ed the solclter bonuse an} way. Though they wi. hed to decline it. members of the po t had no chmce but to accept it. pon receIv111g the money , tht: group's members set up a fund to care for the post ·s mdigent member . ·of ourse there arc no mdigent doc ­ tors. · -\hrt::ns told the Bujfalo .\ell's. so the n:teran. deposited the 8,000 in a bank accoum which remamcd untouched and forgotten until three year., ago. "It (the ac­ count) was Ius1 one of thrn,e thmgs that weren 't on the minds of people," :-.tr. hrens remarked This year near!\ · 66 years after the (,reat \Xar 'end~d. two l B medical . tudents received scholarships, courte . } of those frugal \\'orld \'\'ar I \·etc rans. e ond -year student tc1·e Domiano recd\·ed 2,000 and Lance Besner, a third­ 1,000 (;\Ir. Be ner year tudcnt, reccin:d also recci\ed the Booke Aw·ard, describ cd 10 an accompanying arucle .) The funds were taken from the ebon Rus. ell ;\lcmorial Tru. t, named for one of the post's co-founcier" , a physician, former B professor of medicine, and alumnu ( lass of I 95) Earning I per cenc mterest over the years, the go\'ernment bonw, had gro,, n cons1derabh · The scholar. hips were presented in 1 O\·embcr 111 Buffalo during one of the po t' two annual meeungs, held ac tts " headquarters, " 1hc . a1urn lub . Je-.ting to a Buffalo Neu·s incernewcr. ~Ir. hrcns added, ·· nd we don't ha"e b111go1· Toda;, the po t mcludc about 225 pro- fcs ionals ,vho li\'e 10 1hc Buffalo area and are \·eteran: of \Xbrld \\ 'ar I and 11as well as of 1he Korean and Vietnam confltet.. • Hooke brothers present award A ctor orrell Bookc and his brother Frederick recent!) pre emed a B medical studcn1 with a . cholar­ ship a..,,ard named m mcmon · of their parcncs , Dr \olomon G. Book~ and Rose Yasgur Booke . \olomon Bookc \'.as an alumnus of the <;chool orrcll Bookc Is ,m accomplished actor lUrrcntl) beM known to 1he public for hb role as " Boss Hogg " in the popular tclc\'1sion ,enc " The Dukes of Hazzard ." Frcdcm .k Booke ban attorne\ in Encino California · · Third -year LB medical '>tudem, Lance Be ncr of Bethpage, i\ Y , Is the firs1 reci­ pient of the award . It ..,,a. e tab Ii hed a year ago w ilh a donation 10 the LB Foun ­ dation . Int . for the purpose of setting up an endowment fund. The fund support 1he B Medical chool\ Student Enrich ­ menc Progmm. which prO\ idc special grancs to medical cudenc: . The Booke Award w1U be ubstantially increased next year, tt ,vas announced . The award was pre enced November I 111 the Medical chool. B President 'itevcn ample and Vice Pre 1dent and Dean of the Medical chool John aughton introduced che Booke brothers. The awardce i a 1982 gmduatc of John Hopkins Lniversity . While there, he wa. on the Dean '· Li. t four time ,md was a member of the Alpha Epsilon Delta Medical Honor ocIety. �Rudnick wins research award UB STUDENT SCHOLARSHIPS AND RECIPI E TS 1984 - 85 ■ James Cumming cholarship ward- Beck } \X'a1ford Bclaycnh Befekadu ■ Almon Cooke cholar h ip Janel \X'inston Timoth\ McDaniel ■ Josephine ■ O ton Award Augustine Agocha Selwyn Adams Lionel \X'illiam Kim Doh.on Guillermo Wal1ers Cheri Durden ■ Lance Besner ■ Loui Beyer Award and the UB Foundation Award ■ ■ Wardell cholarship econd year - Robert Elliot Award t1:ven Kassman ■ cholarship Rohen \tagro Janet Flier ■ Goodale cholarship second , third , fourth year Lloyd Brown Abraham Horowitz Award and UB Foundation :ward M.S. Waugh tockton Kimball Award fir t year \X illiam Kuehnling Oleh Zazulak Sanford Levy ■ - te\'(:n Domiano Lmce Besner ~Hchele Lauria ■ Veterans cholarshp econd year UB Foundation Award Peter Buerger :'llitchcll Tublin Paul Phillips Helen Hess :-.1arit1.aCotto ince his m:nriculation at LB. Besner has re eived the cholar I ncenti\'C. A\\,"ard, a ommendation for cadcmic Ex­ cellence in 1983 and 198--1, and 1hc Douglas S. Riggs Award for Academic Ex­ cellence from the Depar1ment of Pharmacology. olomon Booke. a na1ive of cotland. was graduated from the niver ity of Buf­ falo Medical chool in 192-1.Hee cablish­ ed a family practice in Buffalo, with hi office and home a1 Butler and Lon. dale tree1 on the city· ea t ·ide. The Bookc brother· were born in Buf­ falo and lived here until the family mov­ ed to California when orrell -asa young man. Frederick Booke i · as ociated with the law firm of Flame, ·anger and Gray on, • in Lo Angele and P,,aJm pring . .Medi cal student EdwardJ . Stullk recem ­ ly recefred the 198 4 Dr. John B. Sheffer Award, based on overall performa,t ce in the laboratory . Dr. be/fer (left} , former bead of pathology at Dea cones , and Dr. Job,i M. Hodson (right} , chairman of the Deaconess Medical Ad visory Committee, presented the award to .Mr. Stulik. 25 M ichacl Rudnick, a second year LB medical student, has been awarded a March of Dime· tu­ dent Research gram of 1,000 for a chree-momh project at the Children's Ho pita! of Buffalo. He will work with Dr. Gerd J.A. Cropp. profe sor of pediatrics, on the "Oxygen Cost of Breathing in ys­ tic Fibrosis." • Erickson wins German fellowship T he Federal Republic of Germanv has just m\'ardcd its Alexander \'Ori Humhold1 Foundation Award 10 doctoral student Roger Gordon Erick on. The 1.3,000 research fellowship is gi\ en to scienti. ts who ha"e demon trac­ ed excellence in research. It also pro\'ide. a scHing for foreigner co \\·ork with \X!esr erman . cientbc · and learn about Ger­ man culcurc. l\fr. Erick on will . pend up to one and one-half years there as a l'., _ enior Scienti ·t conducting re earch in neurobiology. He is currently completing hL do coral degree under Dr. Bruce Dow, a sociatc profe. sor of physiology at UB. The Humboldt foundation wa · origi­ nally e tahli. hed by the \X'est German government to repay America for the benefits chat they deri\'ed from the po. t­ \Xbrld \X'ar II ll1arshall Plan. According to lllr. Erick on, Wt ·t erman} 1. one of on ly four foreign countrie with both a ophisricated le\·el of biomedical research and a ·illingness to fund visiting foreign re earcher . Erickson will be studying "i ion and control of eye movement u -ing cat· and rabbit . He i · currently recording neural acrivity in the visual cortex of monkey., the re earch . ubjec t clo esc co human .. The Buffalo residem is the tenth B re. ear her 10 be elected for the Hum­ boldt ward ince it began. Pa t a\vardee included nationally prominenc Dr. Her­ mann Rahn. a founder of che field of pa e medicine: Dr. Avery andberg, prominent cancer researcher and B re ear h profC! or. both of the chool of .\.1edicine; and lase year' recipient, Jim twood, Ph.D., �TUDE associate dean of the faculty of Natural Sciences .ind \fathcmatic .s and assouatc pro cs!>or of chc:mistr} • 'Marx Brothers' emcee show T he .\larx Brothers masquer-Jdcd as medical master-. of ceremonic!> Jt the School of \lcdicmc's Annual TI1lcm how on Fchruar) I. The show\ proceeds will go toward the fund ­ ing of local hypertension clinics . Thirteen acts offered something for e\·eryonc with nine musical forms rang ­ ing from Bcc -l3op and 8roadway to Clas ­ sical and Irish Folk Mark Tobak. \\'alter Gaudino. and <..liff Carol (all Class of '8~) played the \t.1rx Brmhers , wnh · Groucho " taking the role of the " new " .\kdi ·al School Dean In tht • opening skit , Chico and Harpo \ isir Dean roucho 's office to apply to medical school \\ hcn the} ask Groucho ·rs this thc Doctors S hool? ," he answers. " Yes. it's thc finest on<: in \\btcrn . cw York in a t ii ·. the 011/y one in \X'cstern e\\ York Larq Ramunno, the sho\\ 's director. collahoraccd wirh Felio\\ students in the irst act hy singing acapclla with Thc Dc:r­ matoncs group " Bluc .\loon. " Bcatlc,. Bil ­ ly Joel and barbcrshop singing were rhc:ir choices \X'1th his . dcction of Opus 15on pianQ. Archur \\c1..,sman (Cl.tss of '86) proved that you c.111kct·p an audience spellhound hy playing Bee1hon:n in hlue jeans and ten ­ nis shoes touching and dramatic r<.:ndition ot Neil Diamond\ " You Don't Bring Mc Flowers " wa.., sung b} Deborah Shalders and Larry Ramunno (both Class of '87) . "Dueling Guitars " offered a mix of comedy w1th Country and Irish Folk played hy Geoff :\larkowski, Pat Ryan and Pac haughncssy (Class of '8~). ,,hile Sara lyn otaro\ ('88) piano piece " Bumble Boogie " ontrasted ·ich :\tichclc Lauria\ ('88) , 1rav111sk}selections on clarinet. As with last year's talent shO\\, adrenal . ecre ­ tions were stimulated and tympanic mem ­ branes vibrated by the final rock ·n roll sele tion. of Adam Ashton ('8~). Amr Kopp ('8..,). Howard tark ('86), and Ed Kenman, a graduate student. • 26 �48rn ANNUAL ALUMNI SPRING CLINICAL DAY: ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION Dr. Edmund ATURDAY, MAY 4, 1985 BUFFALO MARRIOTT I :15 Regi tration Breakfa t and Continental 8:00 WELCOME Carmelo . Armenia, 1.D. '49 President, Medical Alumni .\ssociaIion John augbton, 1.D. Dean, ·chool of Medicine and Vice President for Clinical ffair. l 'ni vers1ty at Buffalo Frank J. Bolgan, M.D. '51 \1odera1or ; linical Associate Profes,or of, urgery, CB; Chair, Department of Thoracic and Card1ova · ular urgery, Millard Fillmore Ho . piral 8:15 KID EY TRA PL TATIO William Eugene Braun, M.D. Dire tor. Hi tocompatibihty and lm­ munogenetics Laboracoq., Chief, :-01cdi cal Renal Tran plantation Sen ice, <;taff , Department of Hypertension and i\ephrology, Cle\·eland linic Foun­ dation 8:45 Chairman, Transplant Program, Buffalo General I lospital 9:00 OVERVIEW D PDATE 0 PLA TATIO OF CLI ICA.L TRA THE LIVER Byers W. haw, Jr., 1.D. As. istant Professor of "iurgery , l nin;rsi I} of P1mburgh Pi11sburgh. Pa. 9:30 DIC Theodore C. Jewett , Jr., 1.D . '4 5 Profe.-sor of urger} and Pediamc~ 8; A. sociate Chairman, Department of Pediatrtc urgerr, Children·. Hospital of Buffalo 9:45 offee BALLROOM 11:15 DI CU A T Joginder Bhayana , M.D. Assodate Professor of urgt:r} and Direuor of lbnsplants, l 8 11:30 L G TRA PLA TATIO Joel D. Cooper, 1.D. Head. Di\·is1on of Thoracic urgery. 1bronto (,ent:ral Hospnal and l ni,·ers1l} of loronto 12:00 DIC T John W. ance, 1.D. Clinkal Associate Professor of .\lcdi­ one. l B D1rccror. Pulmonar) Labora­ ton-, \lillard Fillmore Ho. pit.ii 12:15 10:15 RDIAC TRA PI.A TATIO C RRE T TAT Jack C. Copeland, Ill, M.D. Profcs. or and Chief. ecuon of Cardi­ ovas ular and Thoracic • urgery, Arizo­ na Health cience enter. Tue on. Az. 10:45 Duane T. Freier, M.D. Profe or of urgery, 8; Head. Department of urgery, Buffalo General Ho pital Roland Anthone, M.D. '50 Cltnical Profe or of urger}. CB: o- D. Pellegrt,,o HEART/L G TRA PL TATIO Bruce A. Reitz, M.D. Profe ·sor of, urger}. Johns Hopkins 'n iver icy chool of Medicine and Cardiac , urgeon -m-Charge the Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore, ~Id 2 PA EL DI 10 Gue t peakers 12:45 1:00 TOCKTO L CHEO Edmund D. Pellegrino, M.D. Director. Kenned) ln:.t1tutc of Ethics. ,corgctown Lni\'ersity: John Carroll Professor of \1cdicine and ~lcdical Hu­ maniue:., Georgetown Cnh·ersity Medi­ cal Center, \Xashington . D.C. �BOOK The British are more parsimonious health with care; we may have to be B y Ro Markello, M.D. Profes ·or of Anestbesw The Painful Prescription Rationing Hospital Care by Henry J . Aaron and William B. Schwartz, Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution, 1984, 160 pp. T/Jef amou · exc/Jange be­ tween Erne t Hemingway and F coll Fitzgerald in u•bich Fitzgerald remarked, "T/Je rich are dzfferen t from you and nze" and Herning­ way replied. "Yes, they ha,,e more money" applie a l o to tbe difference between the American and Briti h health care sy tern. HOW DO THE BRITISH DO IT? There seems tu he no end to the harnn ­ gues about burgeoning health care expen ­ ditures in the Lnited rates threatening the economic stability of the coumry and ul ­ timately pla ing u. all in the poor house Fin: n:ars ago when monetary infla t ion was the predommam on ern of the na­ tion, health care was held up a.-.a ma1or \'tllain . Today, federal budget deficits han: replaced inflation as the bogey -man. and again health care is held responsible as one of the culprit: \X'hatcver the predominant c anomic concern of the nation, ·ealthy phy~i ians with their profligate encumbrances of health care dollar.'> arc the fall guys . One cannot escape the fact , however. that Grear Britain ....:.an advanced litt:rate so• cicty , with a responsible pre s - i.pends per capita in the neighb rhood of 60 per enc of what we in meri a tlo for health care. Are the British as a . ociety undcr­ ·cn ·ed~ Do they li\'C shoncr , more pain ­ ful live ' Do British hildrcn pcnsh in the streets for lack of care? I lcnr}' Aaron i a staff econombt with the Brookings In ucution \\ 'i ll iam Sch'l.vanz is a physician at Tufts who along with tephen Pauker and our own Jerry Ka irrer ha,·e contributed a great deal to our undcr..canding of the decision-making pro ·e ·s and its appli at ion to cli111cal medicine In this well -written narrauvc. Aaron and Schwanz report their finding. after a lengthy tutly of the l ' nued King ­ dom health care ystem Their reaso111ng went something hke thi - ulumaceh if the L , is to cap or decrease health lare expenditure:-. . rauoning of heal ch care will have to ccur . The British alread) ration health care . How do the\' do ll; \\hat Is the impact on the health anti well being of the population; And finally, what arc the perceptions of the British physicians • nd the populace at large? Three factor a count for most of the differences between Brtll h and C" ex­ C "' UJ penditures : I) lower wages in Britain (for UJ _, all lasses of health care profc ·sionals) ; 2) u a: lower races of surgcr) , hospitali1~1ion , or other cxpen . i\'e procedures per popula ­ ~ tion ; and , 3) le . intensity of care. The authors examined the last two factor . in some detail since the casual observer in this ·ountrr would interpret them to 4. Great Britain ha. only one -sixth the mean • lower standard of care. CT scanning capacit) . Keeping in mind that their information i. from the late 19~0s. their results can be 5. The British ho pical y ·rem ha onl) . ummarized as follows · 10-20 per cent as many intensi, ·c care bed.'> • Three therapeutic procedures arc per population . J\losr ho p1cal· ha\'e fe'>' provided at cs. cnually thc: same Jc,·cl in ICL bed· or none ar all . Britain a in the l ' S. 6. The rate of coronary aner} . urgery 1. All pacients wuh hemophilia obtain in Britain is approximately 10 per cem that high qualicy treatment of the •. 2. ~Jcgavolcageradiotherap) is available 10 virtually all patients with can er "ho 7. Hip replacement occurs approximate ­ can benefit bencr from it ly ~5 per Ct:lll a.'>frequently in Br itain a 3. Bone marrow transplama11on occur · in the t.:: . w 1th the same per capita frequency m • hcmorhcrap) for pmentially ura­ both countries . ble tumor i. admini tered at approxi ­ • ther ·en ices are clearly rationed . macel) the same rate ac;in the U. . but ~ r 1. X-ray examinacion per capita o cur tumors noc respon ive to chemotherapy, half as frequently in England a in the l '. trcatmem is rnrely undertaken . and onl) half as much film per examina ­ tion i c nsumed. \\"orld Wttr If profound()' cbanged political and ·ocial attitudes tou •ard 2. Race of trcatmem for hronic renal bealtb care 111 Britain .\Ja11ysoldier failure i less than half in Britain than that and cil'ilia11s treated for bombing i11of the U . . }'Ct kidney tramplantacion rates 111ries receil'ed bigb quality medica l art: comparable , the differences account­ care for the first time in t/Jeir lil •es ed for by a chr ni dialy~is rate in England and tbey got it ·Jree ... le.. than onc-chirtl that of the L' . "Tbe pn1 •a te patient pays to az·oid 3. Total parenteral nutrit ion i under­ u •ait111g, tile national bealtb sen ·1ce taken perhaps 25 per cent as often in Brirai n . pa tient ll'ait · to m•oid paying " 28 �BOOK t) to their lives. lndidduals with hip dis ­ ea. e al o are apt to Iive c\·eral years. \X:'ithout urgery , re. ource would have to be expended 10 care for them irn mu h as they can be invalided . Thus, urgery for hip di ease has an economic payoff and may be one of the reasons why the rate are not too different in Britain a com­ pared with the U.. The author go on to Ii t se\·eral factor · that eem to influence n: our e allo ation . ome reflect the in ­ fluence of administrative arrangements on the allocation proces . ther are an ex­ pres ion of ocie ty' value judgment . or attempt to make the m t efficient u e of re ources . L sing the m1cllccrual di. :sccting micro ­ scope , the author aLtt: mpt 10 explain the e seeming di crepancies . For life and death 1tua1ions-sen:n: automobile.: m1u­ ry, d1abeuc coma _ myocardial infarc ­ tion - the Bnu . h y tem accommodate:-. al the . ame qualit) as that rendered in the l : . Our two s,·stems differ markedly when it comes to tho e illne::,. cs affecting qualit} of life The Briti h do not expend large amount::- of re. ource::- on mdi,idu ­ al who ·e expected life pan is brief anti in which the quality thereof Is Judged to be poor . Patients ,vith end -stage renal di ease who are elderly or who have under ­ lying d1abe1e or other muhiple -sy. tern diseases are not given access 10 chronic dialysis . For younger patient~ \'\·ho ha\·e acute renal failure , dialy~is with the expec­ tation of 1ran. plantation doc occur at about the ~amc frequency in both countries . There i logic in the difference be­ tween surger} for coronary artery di ease and hip replacement. Coronary bypa · in England i mu h le · than that in the l ' .•. ina much as individual · with coronary ar­ tery di . ea e ·an be 1rea1edmedically and can function \"\-ith a fair amount of quali - 1. Age. The British do not scrimp on health care for children . Their expendi ­ ture per child arc 119per cent of that for an adult , whcrea in the l ' . . we pend three rimes more per adult a compared with children . The difference is lower ex­ penditure on adults in England . 2. Dread Disease. Can er tench to eli it more fear than ome other illne · e : hence . mcgavoltagc radiotherapy in En­ gland occun- a.~frequently a.~it doc m the L'... as does cancer chemotherapy in tho . e individuals with a reasonable expectation of prolongation of life. 3. Visibility of Illness. Hemophilia and archriri produce vi ·1ble mi cry. Perhaps that I why those illne . ses recei\·e on a per capita ba 1s almost a. much re ource in England a in the L 4. Advocacy. Pre sure groups u. ing the politi al proces are able to encumber an inordinate amount of resources for a giwn rare illne · . 5. Aggregate Cost. If the cot.a.Ico ·ts for a given illne s are percei\ ·ed to be fairly small, for example, hemophilia, there i lit ­ tle pressure for rationing . 6. Need for Capital Funds. For ·cn ·­ icc requiring large outlay~ of capital or equipment, buildings , and per ·onnel . pre . ure · will cur to ration or do without alcogcther 7. Costs of Alternative Modes to Care. If o ts of not treating are percei\·ed to ex1:ed co t of acrivc intervention (hip replacement), there will he little pre sure for rationing . 8. Quality vs. Quantity. Rather than reducing quality to trc tch their health care dollar · fun her, the Briti h tend to give high quality co fewer people . lkili b pbysicians often /Jai·e to re- 29 fuse certain patients treatment . Tbe local intt•rnist u·bo conl'inces bimself !bat tbe patient is unsuitable because be is ·a bit crumbly · can ay "no " ll'ith less di comfort . Becau ·e of t/Je respect tbat most patient. bm·e for pbysicians . doctors ' recommendations are usually follou :ed u•ilb little com ­ plaint DEALING WITH RESOURCE LIMITS. ·in e phy ician under the ational Health en ·i e ha\·e e\·ere con ·craint: n the mL-an· a\'ailable to chem for treatment , the) tend to make choices u ing their be ·t judgment. For tho e, paru ularly the ter­ minally ill. requiring chronic dialy is, a great deal of r:itionalization o curs . , oci ­ cry doe not appear to object and there 1 nor the concern for malpra 1ice action that might o cur in the .. Phy ician · do admit that if a patient in I t or if a gener ­ al pracuuoner in ist . then cr\lce that otherwise would not be pro\'ided will he a\,lilable There ha. occurred in the Brit ­ ish press . en :re criti i. m to rationing , par­ ticularly in the ca5e of coronar) artery urgeq, and the inace ·sibility of care for minority group .. ccondly , there 1. an in ­ creasing pri\'atc care y rem m Great Bn­ tam for those with means to pa) outside the , at1onal Health en·ice ;,ystem. ln ­ crea: ingly, employers are including priv,uc health in urance a a fringe benefit. The thru l of thi. bo k differ ,·er) In­ tie from what puhhc health people ha\·e been tr) mg to cell u · for the better part of the century. namely, curative health care doe . not influence the O\'erall mor ­ tality of a population \·cry much , but it can encumber a great deal of . ocict, ·.­ resources imprO\ ing the lot of a very few. The amount of re ourcc a society choo cs Lo allo arc for health care i the re:ultant of a number of force both o cial and economi The Briti. h pend le s (or en umber !es ) becau. e thC} are more philo -ophical (or pa si\'e?) about certain kind . of illne . s in relarion to tht· rest of their needs. Ameri ans because the) seem co be much more a tion -oriented and ·u piciou of O\'ernmem control , would probably nor be nearly accepting of the British sy rem of rationing . Ne\·enhele , ina mu h as our own ocial evoluuon fol­ lowed that of Britain and \Xe. tern Europe, we may well be ailed up n to ration care in thi countr). If 0 , the Briti h model may be a reasonable one to follow • �PEOPLE Physician donates rare art books A By We nd y Arndt Hunt rare, three-volume ec of book featuring 201 of Leonardo da inci' ana­ tomical drawing ha · been donated co the Univer icy through the B Foundaci n by a 1977 hoot of Medi ine graduate . In memory of hi father and in honor of hi mother, r. Ru ·ell J. an oever­ ing II , linical a i cant profe or of B- Y , ha given B the Corpu of Ll the Anatomical tudie in tbe Collec­ tion of 1-/er Maje ty tbe Queen at Vind or astle . It will be hou ed in the Health cience Library on B' ouch ampu . The ,000 edition i one of 99 print d in Engli h by the Curwen Pre . of London in 1980 under the pon r hip of the John n R print orporation , a ub idiary of Har oun Brace Jovanovi h, publi her . Until chi, one, no ingle edition included the entire ind or collection of Le nardo ' anaromi al rudi , hi h date from 1--t 3 co 1513. Thi edition pre ent the bulk of th se tudie many of which he completed after he di. ecced 30 corp e - in chronolog ­ i al ·equence a companied by a tran ription and an Engli h tran lation of the ani t ' note . A olander box hold the fac i­ mile . Two te t volume accompany chem. About the c xc, written by co ­ editor Carlo Pedretti and K nnech Keele, a ar h 19 3 i ue of The Art Bulletin tates, " The cholarly contri ­ bution of Keele, in placing Leonardo ' note and imag in th cont xc of ch hi tory of anatomy, and of Pedretti, in e tabli hing the chron logy of the drawings and r con eructing the page equence of tho e heet which had originally con tituted notebook go far beyond the achievement of earli ­ er editors of Le nard 's ork ... They not only give us new insight into Leonardo ' a hievemem a an in e tigator of the human body, but al o offer an unparalleled per peccive ,, , J on hi intellectual and methodologi ­ cal development during the alma t 30 y ar pann d by th ind or tudi ." Pedretti, who ha written 16 book and 30 article during hi three de­ cade of re earch ab ut Leonardo, h r f arc hi tory at the been a pr ~ niver ity of California at Lo Angele in e 1960. Ke 1 , who ha tudied 30 the Leonardo dra ing at the Royal Library at ind or Ca tie for o er 35 y ar , erv d a pr id nt of the Hi tory of edicine ection of the Roy­ al ociety of Medi ine . In 19 , he at wa named the fir t Fulton fello Yale. Van Coevering, who practice a an ob t trician in outh Buffalo, d dicat­ d th publication in m mory of hi �PEOPLE the Public Educacion and Community Program Committee of the merican Hean s ociation, Dalla . He will ato continue to er\'e a chairman of che ub­ commirtee on Stroke. Dr . Gre ham i a member of the Editorial Board of the AHA journal , troke : A Jou ma/ of Cerebral Cir­ culation and of the AHA troke cientif ­ ic Council. • DR. K Kl HO G, PROFISOR OFPHY IOlr ogy, received the tover-Link Award of the nder ea Medical ociety in June 198'1. He ju c returned from a ·abbatical lea\'e in Japan where he directed a C.. -Japan ooperacive Dive . • DR. H RVEYPREI LER, RfSEARCH OCl­ ate p rofe · or of medicine, will wdy the re pon e determinant in acuce myelo yt ­ ic leukemia with a 3.3 ,0'12 gram from the National Cancer lnstitme . • (L-R) Dean aught011 , Dr. Vati Coevering , and Health Sciences Librarian Huang with art book. father, Rus ell J. Van oe\'ering r., M.D ., a 19'½9 B gradua te, and in honor of hi mother, Victoria an Co vering. Educated a a nur , the eld r Mr . Van Coever ing manage her son ' ob tetrical practice, wh ich wa one hi father' . ot only becau e he b lieves it' a good re ource for cudent , but al o becau e he wanted Buffalo co have one of the rare edition , an Coever­ ing dona ted a th re -volume et to UB. an Coe ering , hi ._ ife, Kathleen, a nur e prac ti tioner who work be­ id her hu band, and two daughters r ide in Buffalo. • THE E CHIEFOF DR. WCI lhe anccr enter Branch in the Di\ •i ion of Cancer Prevention and omro l at the National Cancer Institute . He erved on CB' facu lr from 1966 co 19-,'I as a re earch profe o r of medicine. He was al o former chief of pediatric at Ro well Park Memorial Institute. • C.K. DR. FRANKORSI I, R~EARCHA ISTA T profe ·sor of microbiology. will tudy the comparat ive immunity of childhood and adult leukemias with an 8,000 gram rom The A sociation for Re earch of hild­ hood Cancer , Inc . (AR ). • DR. RICHARD J.R. JOH O , CLI ICAL ·ociate profe or of radiology, received a '16,50.3 grant from the ational Cancer In •1itute 10 ·upport and maintain the n::search program . of Roswell Park Memorial In titute· Radiation Therapy Oncology Group . • DR . ~ ULG. F , 'CHA D DONALD. FABER recent ly publi hed an article in cience (Augu 1 198'1)chat de cribed new finding on the myelin heath re i tance of axon and their implications for pathophy . iol­ ogy . Dr. Funch i. a re earch as i tant profe or of phy iologr and Dr . Faber i a profe or of phy iology . • DR. CORNELIUS o·co ELL,CLI ICAL I cant profc or of fami ly medicine and a phy ician at i ter Hosp ital. ha recei\'ed DR. E RICOMIHICH , R~EARCHASSOCIATE the p cate ew York Phy ician Recogni ­ tion Award from The American ollege of profe or of pharmacology, i conducting Phy ician for hi out tanding contribu ­ research on drug den:lopmcm and cancer tion to patient care and teaching. • therapeutic with a recent 105,092 grant from The ational Cancer In titute . He DR. GLll IL GRISHAM , PROFfSOR AND al o received a 9'1,.3'1'1gram to cudy chairman of 1he Department of Rehabili ­ cancer chemotherapy and it immunolog­ tation Medic ine, ha been reappointed to ic effect . • 3 DR. BEVERLY Bl HOP.PROF~OR OFPHY iology, recently went on a lectu re tour that included Japan, Au tralia , and cw Zealand . • DR. LEONFARHJ , PROF~OR D CHAI~ of phy •iology, ga"e the Alvin Rie k Lec­ ture at the Medical College of \X'i con • in in 10\·ember 198 ➔. DR. ASHfSHK. MAULIK , CLI ICALI TR C­ tor of medicine, has relocated hi practice of internal medic ine and cardiologv to 2628 West tatt: erect in O lean. .Y. He b chief of medicine at Olean eneral Ho , pita! and is the director of the cardi ­ ac treatment center at t. Franc i Ho . pi ­ cal in Olean. Dr. Maulik i cenified in internal medicine and i a fel!mY of The American College of Phy icians, The merican ollcge of Cardiolog}', The Ameri an Heart A sociation (Coun ii on Clinical Cardiology) , The ew York ardi­ ologica l ociecy. and the Royal College of Phy~icians of anada. He i. aLo a mem ­ ber of the American Medical As ociation and the ew York 1edical ociety. • DR. GERALD FRI , CHAIRMA A D profe sor of urology . wa recently ap­ rological pointed to the American ociation ommillec which elect A A cholar . Thi · committee i national in cope and includes three other member . The A A cho lar program invite · ap- �PEOPLE Rogovio , form r a ·i cant auorney gener­ al of the L'nited tate and chief oun ·el of the I R , and W. Clement tone, re­ tired h1cago bu inc ··man and political figure . Dr. Pe ch's wife, Donna tone Pesch, i · also a board member and i daughter of \V lement t0ne . he ha been very active m the pre-.·ention of child abu e and has served pr ident of che W. Clement & Jc ie tone Foundation, a philanthrop ­ i organiwtion. Or. Pe·ch previou ly crved a dean of Mi hael Ree c ' cho I of Health ience , of tanford niver ity inc. and director of the plicauon . from mdJVidual ompleLing Lhcir urologic rcs1dcn ·y Lraining who wbh to pursu<.:a career m academic urol ­ ogy Tho e mdividuab ·ho receive such an award spend two years primarily in basic research in order Lo de, ·elop their research capabilities :election of the ap­ proprime individuals therefore impans directly on the future of academic urolo­ gy and i a particularly critical cask. the meric-Jn Urological sociation notes .• DR. CARLPORTER , R RCH OCIATE pr fes or of patholog}. wa awarded an 81. 7 21 grant lat fall to ·cudy p lyaminc deri, ·auve a anti-can er agents . • DR. ARNOLD FREEMAN , PROFF.SSOR OFPEDl­ :nric • received two recent grants , a ~0.935 grant from The American Cancer Society 10 conduct a work ·hop on pedi ­ amc brain tumors . He al o was awarded a 10,12 grant from The . o 1auon For Re carch of hildho d ancer. In . to condu t pharmacokinetic stud1e · with high -dose hemotherapy. • DR. J. ED O PO TES, A OCIATIPROF sor fur logy , will stud} gamma intcrfe ­ r nm cellular , , ·iral and immune y terns with a recent grant for ➔ 5 ,:\36 from the acional ancer lru,u1ute. • DR. J ES LEE, PROF OR OF MEDICIE and director of h penension at the Erie unty kdi al Center, ,va hon red re• cently at the ait.ama Medical ·chool in Japan wiLh a testimonial itin his pioneer­ ing tudie on the role of kidney pro taglandin in bl d pre sure regula ­ Lion and ability of the kidne)- to eliminaLe alt The recog_nit1on took pla c during t he International onferencc on Pro ·1.aglandin in Kyoto , Jap.m Also the medical director of E killed nur ing facility. Dr. Lee di overed and identified the bl od pressure lower ­ ing and ·aft-lo ing pr ta landin in the kidney 25 year ago. Hi current ·ork in the field is upport ­ ed by a grant from the \X'e tern e," York hapter of the Kidner Founda ri n, the . . t te ffiliate f the American Heart ociation, and the 'ew York tale Health Re earch ouncil. • • DR. LEROY P~CH , DEANOFTHE B CHOOL of 1edicine from 1968 lo 19""1 , ha· been selected a the new hairman of Ht.-allh Re ource orpora11on o America . Dr . Pe ch has pre, iou , ly , erved a · deputy J si. Lant ~ecretar} for Health and cit:mific ffair ac the L. Department of 1-lt.-alth, Education and \Xelfarc . Iii other past po­ sitions in Jude pr fc sor and hairman of the Department of .\lcdi ine at Rutger :-.1edica1 chool. and pre 1dent of Mi hael ReeseMedical enter, a large tertiary care center in hicago . I-le 1sa well -known cli­ nician and academician and al. o i pre i­ dem of hi own holding corporation, Pe• h and ompan} The company for which he crn: a · chairman , Health R~ ur e Corp ration of America, i now one of the large t such corpomtion · in it field . The company' net re,·cnue gre" from ➔ . 2 million in 1982 to 200 million in I 83. Headquar­ tered in Houston. it i inv lved in numer ­ ou health program ranging from pre, ·cnti\·e medicine and wcllne to ex­ ercise and h spital treatment It own a number of hospitals, including onhwcst Medical enter in H U!,tOn, •hich will bt: one of the large t privately owned ho pi ­ tals in the L'. when it i · completed . It abo own ne of the large I L'. . health are con ulting firm , John hon and · oc n the board of d irector:. with Dr . Pc ch are pr minent cardio\'a cular ur­ geon Dr. Michael DeBakey· Mitchell 32 SE ERAL B PROFESOR A D PH~ ICIAN at the Erie ounry Medical enter recent ­ ly vi ired the People.· Republic of hina and Tibet. The . tudy cour was organized by Dr. Franz Gia auer , profe · or and acting chairman of curo urgcry, under the au pi es of the Congress of curolog­ ical ' urgery and the ontinuing Medical Edu ation Deparcment of the UB Medical ch ol ther faculty participating were Dr. George Alker , acting chairman of radiology ; Dr. Eugene Le Uc, clinical prufe sor of radiology and nuclear medi­ cine ; Dr. Imr Mago , profi or of urol· gy. and Dr. Reinhold chla eohauff, a c1ate professor of neu rologr, In addition to the ight eeing which at time wa breathtaking , e pecially in Tibet , visits t medical chool and ho pi ­ tal in the following citie ·ere arranged : Hong Kong , Kunming, Lha ·a, hengdu. Beijing. Le ture pre enred by the par­ ticipant were well-received and the di • cu , ion and exchange of medical knowledge were mutually fruitful. The ho ts were very grateful and appreciative of their vi ·it and frequently reciprocated with gra iou banquet , they r p rt. Thi wa the -e nu ·uch study tour to hina for Dr ·. la auer and Alker • DR. RICHARD BETTIGOLE , profc r of medicine and linical a · oci ­ ate profc or of pathology, wa named chairman of che p rate Region of In pec­ tion and Accreditation program f the America n o iation of Blood Banks. He L director f the blood bank and hematologr divi ion of Erie unt , Laboratory. • �PEOPLE DR. MARYHENRICH ONEOF l WESTERl ew York women honored ccober 31, 19 4 for out tanding er\'ice co their com­ munitie and profe. ion. by UB' Com­ munity Advi ory Council. In private practice ince 19 ➔ 3, the UB clinical a istant profe or of ophthalmol­ og}' is a pa I board member of the Zonta Club and i acti\'c in the hurch Council of Holy Trinit} Lutheran Chur h where he chair the ocial Mini. crie Commit­ tee. The latter deal with social problems and church re ponsibiliti to the commu­ nit}'- he i a pa t pr ident of the local club of her alma mater, ,\It. Holyoke Col­ lege, and a member of the American led­ ical A ociation, the Erie ounty Medical o iety, the Buffalo Ophthalmology o­ ciety, and the American cademy of Ophthalmology. • the voluntary staff 1· Dr. Jo epb Gerba ­ i , an attending in surgery and clinical as­ ociate profe. sor of . urgery • American \1edical ociation, the Ameri­ can ademy of Pediatric . and the Ameri­ can Academy of Cerebral Pal y. Dr. Elliot F. Elli will continue at hil­ dren's Hospital a~ head of the Divi ion of Allergy and a scientific director of the ne,...ly formed Re ear h Foundation. • From Children's Hospital's newsletter "Bam bi­ no," December 1985. DR. :YERY iDBERG , RFSEARCH PROFF.SSOR of medicine. recently received two grant. from The National ancer Instirure. A 61, ➔ 9 ➔ grant will be u ed 10 inve tigate hromo ome of human bladder tumors. Anu-cancer drug ) tern will be t ccd u ing the e ond grant for l,➔ 69. Dr .• and­ berg is al o a re carch a ociatc professor ofphy iology in LB' Ro-well Park Gradu­ ate Divi ion . • Robert E. Cooke John LaDuca DR. JOH LaDUCA , B CLI IC L A OCIATE pro~ or of urgery. i the new president of the Erie Count} Medical enter medical-dental taff. He i an auendmg in urgery Other officer are: pre idem-elect, Dr. Ro Markello who is profe .. or of ane the io logy and an aHending m ane the iology; trea urer, Dr. Jame Evans who is an attending in surgery and a ociate profe or of urgery; and secre­ tary, Dr.Jao ovak who i clini al direc­ tor of the GI unit and a· i tant profe · ·or of medicine. Reelected repre entative of DR. ROBERT E. COOKE , . CO, GER Goodyear professor of pediatri and medical director of the Robert \X'arner Re­ habilitation enter, has heen named act­ ing pediatrician-in-chief of Children s Ho pital and acting chairman of L'B' · Department of Pediatrics. Dr. Cooke·s appointment became effecti\·e on Jan I, 19 5. upon the re. ignation of Elliot F. El­ li , M.D. , "'ho erved as chairman for over JO year•. Dr. Cooke. a pediatrician for over ➔ O year • ha· been medical direccor of the Robert Warner Rehab1hta11onCenter ince May of 1982. He is also chairman of the cicntific Advisory Board of the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr Foundation and a board member of the . o iation of Retarded hildren of Erie Count). Hi· distingui hed faculty title is an endowed chair con­ cerned with pediatric ambulatory care. Dr Cooke was pediatrician-in-chief of John. Hopkins Hospital from 1956-19..,3. and from 1965-69 ,...-as chairman of the na­ tional steermg committee for "Project Head tart' which 1.· no,... a mulu-billion dollar child development program. Active in many professional ocieties, Dr. ooke is a past pre. idem of the oci­ ety for Pediatri Re earch and a member of the American Pediatn ociety, the 33 DR. GERALD P. MURPHY , B RFSEARCH PRO­ fe. or of urology, director of Roswell Park .\1emorial Institute. and immediate past­ president of the American Cancer ·ocie­ ty, has been appointed chairman of the .·oc1ety's important Public I sues Com­ miuee. The Public Issue ommince deal ith regional, ·care, and federal legislative is­ su s. evaluating their content and pre. em­ ing the ociety' viewpoint Re cntly, the Public I. sues ommittee was instrumental in passing of the Com­ prehensive moking Education Act. • �OTES CLA C harle Ladouli ( 1'6 ), upon learning that everal area cla mate were unable to attend the May 1984 -0th reunion of the la of '6<i, want to note "chat the Cla s f '6q i well repre ented in the Hou ton area not ju c in number . but by a elf-appointed b dy --The Phenomenon Club' " Thi alumni gr up welcom all B medical alumni h live in or vi it the Hou ton area for any rea on and e, tends "an open invitation to all ho care t j in u in body and spirit." It al o onduct - periodi meeting of profc ional and ocial in ­ tere t. Th fir t meeting of " The Phenomenon Club" was held at the D lub of th Texa Medical Center of Hou . con, on December 13, 198'f. Dr. Ladouli rite , "Dr. Leroy Leed , founder of Ob-Gyn A ociace of Hou ton and p t pr id m of the Hou ton o­ ciet furni hed bona fide 'working' replica of the Havana cigar fav red by our famou no • emeritu profe or of anatomy, O.P.Jones! . . . ur newe t emi re, RobertJordon, chairman of Oermatolo at the niver ity of Texa Hou ton, not only elected the wine but al o contributed heavilv to the Havana overc r." Dr. Steve cheiber, profe· or of p ychiatry at the nive ity of Ariz na, was their gue t for the second meeting f the "Ph nomenon lub" in Hou ton, F bruary 10. Lo king far ahead, Or. Ladouli ugg t that B con ider having atellit tran mi i n of pring linical Day in the future , including tran mi ion t a Hou ton ite. The a ociate profe or of pathology can be ontact d at niver ity of Te , Medi al Branch Ho pita) , Galve ton, Texa ., 550. • d1capped on the Florida Key . He i,elcome . any information hi. peer can a sist him with in this project. Dr. \X'hice· · addr~ s Is. 2.3 ➔ ~1ohawk 1reet, Ta\'er­ nier, Florida .330~0. GEORGE THORNG TE I ( 1'45) • writes. ·• fter 12 yt:ars I \\-ill re­ tire from the practice of Ob­ Gyn on the Monterey Peninsu­ la. ontrarr to what many may think. I will not dernte my elf t the tud} of g If " 1930's ILLIAM M. HA ZEL (M'3 l ) • who i prof es or of epidemiol­ ogy in the l!niversicy of Illinois a1 hicago ' S hool of Public Health. \Va honored re entl) by that university 's spon . r­ ship of a ·ymposium to mark the 25th :mniver arr of h1 landmark paper produced in conjunction with • athan Man ­ tel on the tratified anal) " i f categorical data . HAR EY C. profe . or LO M (M'32) • emericu . of CHARL E. IL (M' 5) • h been elected governor of the American allege of · ur e n · for a three -year term . Dr. Wile pre enced an exhibit on chokdochal cy ts at the annu­ al meeting in an Francisco. am:sthe. iology at The l'ni, ·cr ­ sil) of 1i·xas Medi al Branch. recently w~ elected to facult} membership in the TexasAlpha hapter of lpha mega Al­ pha. the nmional hom rary medical ·ociety. The award is made to medical faculty mem ­ bers who demon . irate out­ standing leadership ,tnd achie,·emem M' 6) • h s been ce Pre idem of the r nsorcium of c ncil and to hild the International peaker Plat­ form . In eptember he ·a ap­ poimed 10 the 12th District Medical uality Review om ­ mittec, Department of Medi al Quality ·uran e. ARTB R J. CHAEFER(M' ) • lini al a ociate pr fe ·or of ophthalmology at l ' B. was in ­ ducted into t J eph ' C I- 1940's JOH D. HITE( f 0) • i estab­ lishing a con ·uhing crvice for the blind and phy ically han- 3 legiate In titute' " ignum Fidei " ociety recently. The award i iven to t. Joe' alum­ ni ho have made outstanding contribution co their profesion . Dr. chaefer i currently chief of ophthalmology at i ter · Ho pita! and t. Jo eph' lntercommunity Hospital in Cheektowaga . He wa al o elected vice pre idem of the American ociety of phthalmic , Pia tic, and Recon trucrive urgery for 19 5 at their annual meeting in Atlanta. 1950's MILFORDC. MALO, EV (M'53) • an internist -cardiologi t and clinical profc.-sor of medicine at l'B, wa ekcced to a three­ year term a tru ·tee of the merican ociety of Internal ~ledi ine. He i • al o dire tor of L B's affiliated medical re •idenY training program at lercy Hospital. JEROMELE I E (M' 58) • after more than 20 years of federal service with the National In ti• !Ute of Mental Health heading the p. y hopharmacology re­ search program ha left the Public Health ervice to be­ come re earch profe . or of psychiatry at the P ychiatric Re earch emer at the ' niver ity of Maryland. 1.960's ROBERTJ. 1 LAruT (M'60) • i pre idem of 1he ew Jersey b tetrical and ynecological oci ty. Dr. Malate ta, a clinical profe or of ob tetric and gy ­ necolo y at Rutger chool of Medicine, 1 a member of a number of profe ional organi­ zation : American ociety of Planned Paremho d Phy i­ cian , laternal Mortality subommittee of the 'ew Jer er Medical o ietr. and the Paren- �OTES CLA cal and hild Health ervice Advisory ommittee of the ew Jer ey tate Department of Health . WE DE WESTrGRO E WGA ' ( '61) • a Roche ter rad1ologi t recognized nationally and in ­ ternationally as an authority on diagno ing breast cancer, poke at the econd annual ulver 1emorial Lecture in Radiology on December 10. 19 '!. Jc wa co - pon ored b) the ulver Memorial Lecture hip Fund of the Buffalo General Ho pital and the Buffa. Io Radiol gy ociety. Dr. Logan lectured on " Breast Cancer Di­ agno i : the Radiologi r' Ex­ panded Role." A Buffalo native, Dr. Logan has been a catal) 1 in the early diagno i and treat­ ment of brea t cancer. he i one of rhe few private practice radiologi ·t in the field and promote u e of the most ad­ vanced fi rm of diagno tic im ­ aging : mammography, thermography, and onogra ­ phy . he i al o a trong advo­ cate for patient education in thi field . he i author of everal publication on brea. t cancer dete tion and i a mem ­ ber of many profe ional or ­ ganizations, including the American allege of Radiology and the American ancer o ­ ciety . he is a con ulrant to the Ro well Park Memorial lntitute . JACKFISHER(M'62) • of La Jol ­ la, California, a profe or of urgery at the niver ity of California , an Diego , received the hancellor ' Award for Community ervice . He was cited for e cabli hing a mobile urgical unit for treatment of birth defect in developing na­ tion and for e tabli hing a Youthful Offender Recon tru tive urgery Program. RICHARD E. DuBOI (M'63) • i pre ident of the eorgia oci - ety of Internal Medicine and pre ·ident-elect of the Medical ·sociation of Atlanta . Dr. DuBoi is an a. ociate clinical profe or of medicine at the Medical College of eorgia . THO M. FOTI (M"63) • clin ical a o iate profes or of p ) · chiatry , and hi famil) have been named "Family of the Year" by rhe Eastern Tenni A ·. ociation . Dr. Foci, his 'i\'ife. and three children were cited in January in William ville . Dr. Foti de cribe him elf as a " o­ cial " tenni player while hi wife ha won cournament prize and i an organizer of junior tournament . RICHARD NARI ( 1'63) • has contributed money t the ' B Foundation to tabli h the Dr. . Robert arins Memori l Fund at L'B. The endowed fund-a memorial t0 hi father-will benefit tudem 111 the chool of Medicine' Department of Dermatology . A dermatologist in ,.; illiam ville , .Y., for the pa t l""' year , a­ rin aid , " I would not be where l am today without my father and B Without que ·. tion , my father wa my clo e t friend . He '>Va my greate t in piration ." Hi father , an earl} 1930 graduate of Loui iana ' tate U ni\'er ity, made hi home here after marrying Buffalo native Pauline ~ alien . arin . He practi ed dermatol ­ ogy in thi city fr m 19-19un­ til hi death in 19-1. He was affiliated with Millard Fillmore Ho pita!. Hi widow live in William ville . THO Y . GRJ A Tl (M'65) • wa named chief of urgery for 19 5 at aim Jo eph Medical Center, Burbank , California. He i a Diplomat of the merican Board of Otolaryngolo&) , a Fel­ low of the merican College of urgeon and , al o a fellow of the American Academy of Fa- 35 cial Pia tic and Recon tructive ' urger) . Tl I (M'66) • i prac­ ticing orthopaedic in La \'e­ g- , e\'ada. He i a con ulting team phy ician for the Urn verity of c, ·ada, La Vega· and team ph} •ician for the La \e­ ga merican Profe ional o er Team. Dr . ' erfustini is currently vi e hief of taff at the ·outhern 'e,-ada Memori ­ al Ho pita!. A.H. ERf JOH E. HIELD (M'68) • ha been appointed Medical Dire tor of the eafield Alcohol Re­ habilitation Ccnrer. \Xethamp ­ ton Beach, 1 cw York . 1970's EB I. FEI TEI ( ' 0) • re­ cently became vice chairman of the cicntific Advisory ouncil of the National Kidney foundation of ' outhcrn alifornia . He al o recently be­ came as istanr editor of the American journal of Nepbrol ­ ogi 1. He i an a:. ociate profes - or of clinical medicine at l nh ·er ity of outhern alifor ­ nia in Lo Angele .. I le i a fel ­ low of the American College of Phy ician and a member of the Ameri an , ociety of ephrology and the American Federation for Clini cal Re earch . Hi~ re em journal ar­ ti le describe hi. re ·earch on nutriti o nal therapy for acute renal failure and chrroid func ­ tion ,vith nephrotic syndrome and chr o nic renal failure . The re carch appeared in .Uedicine, American J ournal of Nephr ol­ og)\ and Joumal of Clinical Endocrin ology and ,\Jetabol­ ism JERALDBO I O (M' J) • recent ­ ly published four re earch ar­ ticle in the American j ournal of Opbtbalmol ogy and two other journal in that field . The~· dealt with subje ct in ­ cluding retinal detachment ·urery, radial retinoromy in the macula , and intrarctinal hemorrhage in cystoid macu• lar edema . In pri\'ate practice in vitreoretinal urgery in Tole­ do. Ohio. Dr. 80\'ino i direc ­ tor o f education in ophthal ­ mology at the Medi al College of Ohio . THOMA . tlLLER(Ph.D.' I)• i the o-author of " Cognitive ­ Behavioral Pharmaceutical pproache To en ory Pain 1anagement" in a recent is uc of Topic in Clinical Nursing On B' faculty a clinical a . i rant profe or of p ychiatry Jerald BoviHo �CL & DEATH from 19 9 co 1981 at Veterans llo pita!, he i now associate profcs or of p. ychiatry at che L niversicr of Kentucky . Ix·­ ington DR. HAROLD T. CHWEITZER, ""6,died in Millard Fillmore Hospital on O\'ember 21, 19 <1. The Buffalo nauve \\-~ a practicing ph) i­ cian in Buffalo for more than 50 year'>. An alumnus of l B .\led1caJ chool (M'3I), he was named clin­ ical~ isram professor emeritus in 19-9 in recognition of his many years of cr\'i c. He \\.IS on the faculty for ➔ l years. In 1981. the. e\\ York race Medical ocicty honored him for 50 years of medical . en·ice to the public. He <;erved as ass1.1antsuperintendent of the old E.J feyer Memorial Hospital in the I930s. In 19➔ 6. he entered full-time pri­ vare practice and began his as ·ociation with ;\11llard Fillmore Hospicil. lie wa known for his long hours spent reaching young physicians, ,•i ·lting ratient .. and working at che hospital. His ·un·ivor. arc hi wife. Roslye; a son, Howard. and daughter, onme, both of Buffalo; and rwo grandchildren, and Ne k urgery at Ea rem Virginia Medi al hool. tICHAELP. RADE(M" 5) • was recently inducted as a Fellow of the American allege of. ur­ geon . A member of the \1er­ cy I lo pica! caff in Buffalo since 1980, he i · al ·o a mem­ ber of the Buffalo Trauma o­ ciecr. rhe Buffalo , urgical ociccy, the Buffalo Vascular ociety, and the . cace and county medic1I s cietie: . K.ENETH OLOION {M I) • is current!} staff p ychiamst on the Geropsychiacry Unit at the heppard and Eno ·h Pratt Hm,pital and adjunct as Iscant profe or. Department of P r· chiatry, l'niversity of \1aryl :md chool of \ledicine in B:ilci­ morc. lie has pubhshed 50 paper. and book chapter in JOH BRAD ILFS(M' 6) • bep ych eriacrics and sexuality ame a full partner in the prac­ Hi book (co-edited with or­ harles E man B. Levy, M D.), .1Je11i11 tice of urgery with osgriff, Transition Tbeory and Tb r­ \X'iles. M.D .. J me Heyapy, wa · published by Plenum Jr., M.D. and William den, M.D. Publi hing ompany in 1983 He ha been elected a Fellow of the Gerontological :o iet}' EDR J. HARRIO (M' ) • i of America and the American no\\ a Oiplomate of the men­ eriatrics ociet) and is past can Board of urgery and i President of the Baltimore­ Board cnil1ed in General Washington ciet) for P y­ :urger)'. chogcriacric .. I le is a frequent lecturer around the country ANGELO . DELBAI.SO(M' ) • and recently returned to Buffa­ who is al· a 19-2 Dental lo to give the keynote addre s hool graduate wa. recently at a ·ympo ium emitled "Men­ appointed a profe · orial lec­ tal Health and the Elderly: \X'ho turer in oral pathology at Owns the Problem?' ponGeorgetown University. Dr. Del ored b} the \Xt: tern New 'rbrk Bal ·o i a member of the ecwork on Aging. Ken live at American o iety of Head and 5319-1 Br ok \X'ay in Colum­ 'eek Radiologists bia, Maryland, with hi c,vo children. DR. ORMA HEILBRU (i't1"29)• a Buffalo radiologist who prac­ ticed medicine in the icy for :;6 years. died January 21, 1985, in h1· home after a long illne . He was - . The cw York Cit)' native mo\'ed to Buffalo when he wa cwo-years old. He earned his bachelor'. degree fr m UB in I9r; in Medi­ cal • chool. he specialized in pathology and internal medicine. Dr. Heilbrun received a fellow~hip in hematology at the Har• \':.ird ~kdical ch ol and started an internal mcdi ine pra Lice m Buffalo. He later trained as a radiologi t .tt the Cniver. it\' of Rochester and scabli hed a radiology pra uce in Buffalo in· the 1930. During \X'orld War II , Dr Heilbrun \\-Js chief of radiology for the . •. rm} in Atlantic ity, l\.j. fter the \\.tr, he returned to his radiology pracnce in Buffalo and joined the clinical faculty at the U B Medical chool. Dr. Heilbrun al ·o ·en ed a· a con ul­ tant co \~teran. Ho pita! for many years I le retired from his office prncuce in 19-2 but remained ac­ th·e as a radiologist and linical teacher at l"l3 and Buffalo cncral Ho pital. In 19:32 he married the former Evelvn Le\\', who died in 1961. In 1963 he married the former Hele~ imo~s of I ew York City. GREGORY YO 'G ( 1' 9) • clini­ JOH C. ROWLI G O (M' ) • cal 111. tru tor m medi ine, ha. write. that he has collaborated been appointed a sistant chair­ on and co-authored a bo k man of Emergency Medicine at th t wa released October 8-1: Millard Fillmore ·uburban arron, H , Korbon , G . Ho pH.al in Amher t , N.Y. Hi Rowlingson , J .. , Regional primary responsibility will be A11estbesia Teclmiques and to expand his department's Clinical Applicc1tto11. Green service . After completing his tratton Publisher . residency ar Millard Fillmore o pita!. he wa on the medi­ JEFFREYP. POWELL(M' 5) • w cal . ta f of Bertrand haffee appointed consultant in .\lemorial Ho pital in pring­ otol ryngolog} at the a,-:.1I ville, .Y He is also a physician Medical emer in Pon mouth, advisor ro the '- yarning-Erie Virginia. Dr. Powell is an ,u ·is­ Regional Emergency Medi al tam profc or in the Depart­ 'e rvice . a regi nal planning ment of rolaryngology/Head org, nization. He was a mcmb r of the lpha mega Alpha honorary med­ ical society and the Eric County Medical • o icty, an elected fel­ low of the American )liege of Radiology. and a member of Temple Beth Zion. ·urvi\ ing arc his. econd ,vife; two daughters, Robie and Bar­ bara, both of Cambridge. l\1~ •. ; a son. Dr M . Peter of :ale Lake icy, l rah; I\YO i. cer·, and ~even grandchildren. (From Buffalo News. Jan 23, 1985) .W. CHAIKJ ( 1'2 ) • died May 1-. 19 ➔ in New York icy. Dr. Chaikin wa a Life Member, American Colkge of Phy. ician ; Diplomate, American Board of Internal Medi ine; Dlplomate, American Board of astroenterology. He wa. an a. sociate clini­ cal profes ·or of medicine. Ne,...-York \1edical ollege. Dr. Chai­ km was active in the prl\-:tte pra ti e of medicine for over 50 year 36 �CALE DAR REHABILIT TIO ' tEDl­ CINE CO Tl UI G IEDI­ CAL ED CATIO PRO­ GRAM • :-.1av 29-51. 1985. "semmar in l;>wcr E. trcmitr Prosthetics." \cter.ms Adminis­ trauon :-.kdic:.il Center 305. Contact Henr) J. l,.Jtron,ki. Re­ hab :-Okd1dne Coordin:nor, 83 -9200 ext. r2 I. PEDIATRIC CO, TI ING MEDICAL ED C TION PROGRAM : • UROLOGY A, D EPH­ ROLOGY, PDATE 1985 • Saturd:t}, June 15, 1985 The Ccmer for 'fomorrow/l B, Am­ herst Campus. Crcd11 hours: 6 Fcc: 15 • THE 8TH A­ TIO AL CONFERE 'CE 0 PEDIATRIC/AD LT ALLER­ GY A D CLINICAL IMMU'OLOG . Julr 11-1.3, 1985. 111c Four Sl.'asons Hotel Toron­ to Ontario. Credit hours. 20. Fi.:e ;',00 phys1e1ans 111 pr:ic­ t1cc, 1~5 Allied I kalth proks­ sinn:tb • THE CAPE COD CO FERE C ON PEDIA­ TRICS • ugust 2- 1, 1985 . Dunfc) \ ll}"Jnnis Hotel, llyan­ ni., Cape Cod, MA. Crcdit hours: 15. fr<:: 500 ph) sicians 111pr:u.:uce, 1-5 llied Health profc:-sionab. • THE 3RD I. TER Y~IPOSI­ TRITIO E Tl' L DI EA E • August 25 .rn, 1985 111e Brussels C.onvcntion I !all, Brusseb, Belgium Credit hours: ~ . Fn: • 525 phys1C1.ns in practke, 185 Allied Health professionals. For furtl1er infi r­ m.1tion picas\.' contact. Rayna . a\ ilk, Pediatric Conunuing kdic:al Education, Children\ Ho~p,t;tl of Buffalo, 219 Bq~lllt St., Buffalo, , ·y l'-¼222 lclc­ phonc -16-8-8--650 • PLA T FLAVO, OID I BI­ OLOGY A 'D MEDICI E: BIOCHEMICAL, PHARMA­ COLOGICAL, A ·o TR CT RE-ACTIVITY REL TIO HIP • July 22-26, 1985; Hilton llotel, Bufl:110, , · Y. sponson:d b) l B .ind the ~lcdical Foundation of Buffalo, Inc C~1E Credits. 20. Fcl.': IOU Contact: Mcd1e:1l Foum.la11un of Buflalo, Inc., -5 rl•~h St , Buflalo, , ·y l-i205 . ---------------------------------------- -------------------------111111 NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 2210 BUFFALO, N.Y POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE Buffalo Physician 139 Cary Hall 3435 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14214 �THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO 3435 MAIN STREET BUFFALO, NEW YORK 14214 LET US HEAR FROM YOU Fill out this card (Please print or type all entries) Year MD Received Name _____ _ Office Addre s -----------------------------------Home Address -----------------------------------If not UB, MD received In Private Practice: In Academic from _______________________________ Yes ,., Medicine: Yes D No [] No _ Specialty _______________________ Part Time :::1 Full Time _ n School Title _________________ _ Other: Medlcal Society M'embershlps _____________________________ News: Have you changed positions, published, been involved in civic activit ies, had honors bestowed, etc.? Please send copies of any publications , research or other original work. _ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. 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You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/cde2968a5baabef1d30b7504bdf1c741.pdf b21815a0f86c6e5f220721294299a46e PDF Text Text _, ,fr'\1 1 ic l<2 3 fi !! 6 ·a 1·1 .... I 4 ;l )· ,.., 0 0 10 / 13 1~ ,...;(. ~~ )); 11 ..• .• A 15 16 fl\ II ~ ., 5 17 12 ... 0 18 / �STAFF EXH l Tl\ E EDITOR, ·1\'1.RSITY Pl BLICAl'IO. S Robert T Marlett l. 'l\'ERsrrY \IEDICAI. EDITOR Bru e s Ker,hner RT DIRECTOR R he .1 B rn,1cm DE! JG . Ian J Kegler Denbc Kuhler PHOTOGRAPHY Ed 0\\ak tare Leed, DVI ORY BOARD Dr John . augh1on. De,m \chool oj ,lfedicfne ~h . • 'anq• Ghe o Dr r.d\\ m A \l1rand Dr John Cudmore Dr Carmelo Armenia Dr John Fisher 1, Karen Dr} 1a Pulh Dr Charle Paganelh Dr. Jame Kanskl Dr Harold Brody Mr John Dr. John \'i right Dr. Jame . 'olan Dr. \lagg1e Wright IJr. \lary \'oorhc,. \Ir. StC\C ~hivinsky TEACHI G HO PIT ALS The Buflalo Gener.ii Children's Dea ·ones Ene County Medi<.,11Center \lcrcy \hllard F1llmore Ro,..,,-cll Park .\kmonal lns1i1u1l' Si,1crs of Ch rily Veteran Admmi tr.Ilion \ted1cal Center by the Dil'l.<10n of R _/,u-k.-011, d1rec1or 111 a ..~ociat1on 11·1/h tbe \cbool of J\letlic111e, \late• I 1111•cr.H/J'of .Veu• ) ork at B11Jfalo Produced Pub/Jc ,ljfarrs, llarr:y THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN, (USPS 551-860) February 1985 Volume 18, Number 5. Published five times annually: February, May, July, September. December - by the School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main s1reet, Buffalo, New York 14214_Second class postage paid at Buffalo, New York. POSTMASTER Send address changes to THE BUFFALO PHYSI• CIAN, 139 Cary Hall, 3435 Mam Street, Buffalo, New York 14214 Message from President of the Medical Alumni Association Dear Medical Alumnus: 'l11t• pring Clinical Day c icntific Program, under 1he•direction of Dr. Frank Bulgan, progressing vcrr sati factoril) The excning and timely topic will he organ transplan1.mon. To dale the follO\\ ing ,peakcr:, ha\'e agreed to participate: • J;tck Copeland, :-1.0., Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson. Arizona: Heart Transplantauon. 1s • Bruce Reitz, M.D., Johns Hopk11h lTnivcr ity, Baltimore, ,\laryland: I lean/Lung Transplantation • Bvcrs Sha\,, :-.t.D, ni,ersil\' of Pllbhurgh, l'llts­ b~rgh, Pennsylvania: l.h·er i·ransplantati~in. • '- 1lham E. Br:1un, .\1 D., Clc\·cland .linic Founda­ tion, Cleveland, Ohio: Kie.Inc} Transplamati< n The final program will he mailed to you in .\larch 1985 Reserve the day - Satur­ da\, ,\1av '!, 1985. · The ·:1lumni receptions the :-ledilal Alumni Association hosted at the Amencan Col· lcge of Surgeons meeting in san 1-rancisco and the AmcrJcan A'iso iation of :-kdical College:-. mL-cting in Chicago in October of this year were very sue essful and well at 1cnded. Old acquaintances were renewed and new relat1onsh1ps initiated. In \'ie,, of the favorahle response to these t,vo receptions, the ,\kd1cal Board of Gmernors is planning to increa!>e the numhcr of reception.~ to include other spccial1ics on an annual ha~is. The number and frequency of these receptions v.-111 be dctcrmined hy thc amount of funds available, which in turn depends upon the number </f alumni ,, ho 1>:•) their annual dues. Your continued support is appreciated. - Carmelo Armenit1, ,U.D. �BUFFALO PHYSICIAN 3 MEDICAL REVOLUTION • n w method that p rmic effec tive vaccine co be ma produced with ut kn wing th pecific antigen invo lved ho ld pr mi e for such disea e a cancer, a B re ea rcher ha found . 9 LEUKEMIA UPDATE • Hundred f people ev ry year are be ing diagno ed a having leukemia when they ac tually have a b nign pre-leuk mic cond itio n , Pr D or Tin Han ha di covered. 0 th r wor k by the ame re earch r rev al that certain g nec ic defect cau e ome leukemia vic tim t have a sho rter survival pan. RE EARCH • HO PITALS • PEOPLE • Exposure to high oxygen con entrations may cause pulmonary damage. Tuman, of chc eyelid can be cffccti\'cly treated by c ryo urgery ~-i1ho ut damag ­ ing th<: eye\ duct system . 13 Millard Fillmore adds ad\'anccd patient monitor ­ ing system . Roswell selected a one of chrec cop cancer ho pitals . Thom lark b the nt:\V executive vice president of Children's. John E. Friedlander named chief operating officer by Bu falo ,cncral. 19 hildren 's name · clinic for the Doctor Jacobsen . Dr. Lewis .\I. Flint, Jr. appointed chair of , urgcry . Dr. Carl Granger rccci\'cs grant for nationwide data system for rehab centers , co ­ authors landmark CCXI in rehabilita ­ tion medicine with Dr. Glen Gresham . Other news of people you knO\, . 28 MEDICAL CHOOL EW • Clinical teaching brings students face LO face with real pt:oplc and real dbcascs . ,\lcdical School helps l •ni\'crsity CX · ct:ed its SEFA Ap­ pt:al Goal. Two prominent researchers pre ­ sent pecial lectures here . 14 Clinical clas es offer pra ctical exp e ri ence: page 14. BOOK • The Impaired Physi­ cian . Teachers and Teaching in C.. .\lcdi al chools . Two books edited b) alumni. 22. AL M I • ln ­ vications to class reunions issued by class chairmen . 32. DEATH DOCTOR I THE ART • Joel Bernstein combines opera and otolaryngol ­ ogy. 25. CLA 36 • 35 OTES• ��By Bruce S. Kershner revolutionary new vaccine method that permits n ctiv vaccin co be ma pro­ duced without u ing the di ease organi m itself - or ev n knowing the pecific an­ tigen - ha been perfected, and it crearor predicts it ill dra tically increas the ability to d velop vaccine for di ea e uch a cancer which p(eviou ly have re i ted uch att mpt . Heinz Kohler, M.D., UB re earcher at Ro well Park Memorial Institute, produced an effective treprococ ­ cu vaccine for animal by u ing monoclonal antibodie a tate-of-the-art method of cloning c lls that "manufac­ ture" di ea e-fighting agent in the laboratory. Essen­ tial to thi ucces wa hi application of the "immune network theory" devi ed by thi year's co-recipient of the obel Prize in edicine and Physiology, Dr. iel Jern , with whom Kohl r work d in th 1970 . Kohler' accompli hment i the fir t practical m thod using the ob 1Prize winner's th ory. "We pro­ ved experimentally that this approach can yield prac­ tical benefits," Kohler announced. Hi finding were reported in the Decemb r 14 is ue of cience. Kohler i a B re arch profe or of microbiology and director of Ro well Park Memorial In titute's Depart­ ment of ol cular Immunology. A u, 0 w w .., u a: ~ now, the traditional method of making accines U ntil had certain requirements that limited their application. Fir t, the traditional vaccine method requires u ing the di ea e organi m it If and al o require the i ola­ cion, purification, and extraction of the di ase organi m or it antigen. �" lt i often diffi ult t make effective vaccin through the normal proce hich alway start from the material chat come from the actual antigen , e.g., flu iru ," Kohler explain . " The difficulty i due to a qu . tion of ~e.hnology . iru e , for example, require very pc 1fic cond1t1on , uch a live cell . lt i al o a que tion of price . Purifying a viru become very expensi e and impractical for ma s pr duccion. " . . The new vaccine procc hke the convenc1onal pro ce enable one to produce the accine rclati el inex ­ pen ively and in large quantiti for ma s producti n . Kohler point out , " The new vaccine method will nor replace vaccine already I?rod~ced ec~n i:nicaJ_lyand afe­ ly. Where it doe apply 1· wtth _certain nu~uon where vaccine are not currently po 1ble or fea·1ble. " The vaccine produced by thi new m~thod will _be much afer than inactivated or attenuated v1ru e which carry ri k factor ." Kohler add . . The mo t promi ing application for the new vaccine meth d i for variou type of can er. Another valuable applicati n will be fi r i!1fant di_ea e . . " Mo t vaccine don t work in y ung infant becau e their immune y tern i too immature to work effecti ely," Kohler remark . . . The ucce . of the nev-, vaccine method wa po · 1ble becau. e of Kohler ' combining of Jerne' the ry with the " high technology " of the monoclonal antibodie proce iel. Jerne deve Iope d h.I ·•·immune networ k t h eory " in 19 q . " It repre em the mo t elaborate and logical ex­ planation chu far for the inte~cti e proce e _by which the body 's immune y tern n e to the occa 1~n ~hen needed to combat di ea e, and then fall back mto inac ­ tivity when it i not needed ," rated a ew York Time article that announced the obcl Prize election in ctober The obel Prize winner ' theory i that the foreign ubstance are the body ' target fi r mounting an effecti e immune defen e. According to the theory , images of thc ·e antigen exi t ithin the immune y tern. The e image , hich Jerne call idi type , repre ent internal antigen . The new idi type vaccine method u ·e. chi ·et of inter ­ nal antigen in read of the actual di ea e-a o iated anti­ gen . " Thi .will ~nable us to av _id the ri k. fact~r or re­ quired punficauon of convenll nal vaccine , Kohler remark . " The concept of idiotype offer opportunitie for e ploitation ;· Kohler rate . " lf the tru cure · of the antigen are pre -exi ting within the body' immune network , the logical next rep would be co find out if it is po · ible to utilize the e pre-exi ting tructure to create new vaccine . to u e here conventi nal vaccine are not available or effective . That i. what I et out to do ." H The monoclonal antibodies pr cedure i what enable laboratorie co ma · produce idiotype accine . Thi cace­ of -the-art method u e laboratory culture to literally clone cell that have been pecially elected to produce the specific de. ired antib die . With the help of laboratory mi e, the antibodie are produced in ma quantitie for vaccine . One of only five central monoclonal center in the nation ha been e tabli hed at B for the purpo e of ma s producing antib die . ith Kohler ' experiment, the antigen u ed wa a ,·irulent train of trepcococcu pneumonia. The re ult was a va cine that proved effective again t the bacteria in mice. hy did Kohler choo e thl organi m when an effec ­ tive vaccine for it already exi t ~ r human ? " Thi wa our first attempt co produce a va cine applying the con ­ cept of Dr. Jerne' network theory . o we cho e a di ease organi m which i a well known model and ho e im ­ mune defen e i well kn wn, " Kohler explain . Referring to hi ucce ful application of the theor y, Ko~ler elaborated, " If you can do it once , you can do it again . The ame technology for known bacteria antigen will work for any antigen . Only ome detail have to be worked out. " ne maj r area where Kohler feel thi - or any vaccine method will not be practical i for common cold viru e . " en if a vaccine i developed today , it may no longer be effective tomorr w. old viru e t o ea ily mutate and become re i tant to accine ," Kohler comments. . Kohl_er received his medical training from the niver ­ ny of Vienna and the niver icy of Munich, where he earned hi M.D. in 1965. From 1965 co 1970, he held re earch po ition at the Max Planck In titute in Munich and Indiana L'niver ity. He conducted re earch with Dr . iel Jerne at the Ba el ln titute for Immunology in 1974 and 19 5. He wa profe or of pathology and biochemi try at the niver ity of Chicago , wher e he pent 12 year . In 19 l , he joined Ro well Park Memorial ln titute and B in his pre em p sition . iagara ni er ity appointed him re earch profe . or in their Ro well Park Graduate Divi ion in 1982 . H nored in 1978 by the .. Public Health ervice with their Re earch Career De elopment ward , he wa elected pre idem of the Chicago A ociation of Im ­ munologi cs for 19 - 9 . He ha erved in editorial p i­ ti_on for_two immunology journal and i currently prin ­ c1p~I editor of International Ret>iew of Immunology . Be 1de h !ding po •icion on panel and committee for and the American ancer ciet y, he i a member of vanou profe ional organizati n . 11: i excited about the dire tion for hi future re­ K. ohler earch. T~e new appr ach applie e pecially well to anttgen as oc1ated with ancer, her e immune therapy has, up to now , failed . The approach applie to all cancer , not ju t tho e which are a , ociated with viru e . The im ­ mune y tern can be trained to respond to the abnormal antigeni c truccure of the malignant cell . " ur next ·tep i co develop an experimental cancer vaccine for mice and then .. . for human ," Kohler con ­ clude . Ob erver will have co wait a vear or o to I am if he can indeed pr oduce a mou e vaccine for a pecific type o f cancer. i ting Kohler in hi work are two Ro well Park Memorial In titute cienti t , Dr . Ronald Ward , cancer re earch cienti t, and Dr. Mary Mc amara , re earch affiliate . • i it po ible to develop a va~cine for a di ea e in which the structure of the anugen r even the di ea e' cau e - are unknown? " We cienti t may not kno the e an wer ," Kohler re ponded ith a gentle mil , " but the body ' immune !" y cem kno " It i like a police department with trained blood hound . They I c,ne what the policemen can't ," he elaborated . " Our immune y tern has the capa ity to · niff out ' the antigens, recognize them and , like a dog barking , how u , the cienti t , how to make the 1diotype vaccine . All we ha e to do then i to i olate thi idiotype antibody pecific for the undefined or unknown antigen ." O 4 ��-- _,,.,,,.... - �B ob is a tall and attractive man. A slim waist and broad houlders upport hi boyi hly hand­ ome face, and hi phy ical appearance allow no hint that middle age i pas ing. Strangers in­ variably underguess hi age - a few wi p of gray in hi neatly trimmed sideburns providing the only tangible clue co hi ixty-plus years. ome time ago, a a fellow in vitreoretinal urgery, I had the privilege to work ide by side with Bob. Our relation hip was punctuated by frequent conver ations and reflections. of which I hope I have gleaned enough about Bob' life and philosophy to recount chi story Bob wa a professor at the Univer ity of Iowa at the time. A native of Wi con in, Bob was raised in the farm country near Madi on. He spoke sparingly of hi boyhood experiences but the fond memories of his youth trickled through to the present. He cold me of hi early love for the outdoors, kindled by hours of dapping gras hoppers for wily trout in the meadow creams that course rib­ bonlike through the Wi con in country ide. Hi orman Rockwell youth led to medical chool and marriage, and Bob moved to Los Angeles to start hi practice. The geography was wrong and the cayon the coast was hart. I don't know why but perhap Bob ensed a conflict bet­ ween his traditional midwestern values and the changing California life tyle. The next move would be more permanent, and Bob and his wife, Lonnie, returned co the heartland of the coun­ try. Appointed to a po t at a major midwestern univer ity, Bob was content in hi role as teacher of young phy icians. Lonnie, a killed regi rered nur e, relinquished her profes­ sional duties to rai e a family. Through innovation and hard work, Bob wa a pioneer in hi field. He became univer all} re peered for hi unique contribution· to hi pecialty. Bob i a gentle man. A thoughtful man. A generous man. He advanced through the rank of academic medicine in a graceful way. Younger, more flamboyant doctors came and went through the years but Bob' reputation spread and hi work receiv­ ed worldwide recognition. Lesser men, more aggressive ~y their nature than Bob, petitioned the elite academic ocietie fruitlessly for member hip. The c same societies olicited Bob. Bob yearned for adventure. He poke enthu ia tical­ ly of hi rrea ured book collection, the source of many a vicariou expedition. Titles with African rivers, afaris and bearers, ibi and springbok, wings and feathers, and hot and hell danced eternally in hi thought . Bob poke of his love for fishing and hunting. With no ready acces co the African veldt, he devoted hi leisure time to water- fowling in the Missi· -ippi flyway. I v.ras fortunate to witness his sensitive approach co the port, and feel hi duck hun­ ting was, in a greater sense, an accurate mea ure of the man. Duck ea on rang through the hospital. Lunch hours ·ere filled with animated talks. "Teal and widgeon ." "Black duck , mart and ary." Everyone was planning a trip to the mar h. I could ense that Bob was caught in the ex­ citement of the sea on. The time was right for the water ­ fowl to fly. We were all invited and the trip was planned as we waited five long day for the weekend to arrive. Late in the afternoon on Friday, Bob told u that he would not be going. Lonnie had planned activitie · with the children . He felt that was more important. He could "alway- hunt another day." After all this wait, l thought "How could she!" I knew he was as anxious for the trip as the rest of u , bur he e med undisturbed. His hunting. along with hi role as a physician, had found a place in perspective with the rest ofhi life. I admired him I wished I could adopt a imilar value cale for my own life. I chink we all do. One afternoon the following week, Bob took off for a few hour to go to the marsh . The re t of the group had to rend co their ho pital duties, and though Bob would ha"e loved our company, he had no choice bur to take the long drive alone . I asked him about the trip the next day. He poke oftly of wind and cattails . He described fog and rain. He told me of diving muskrats and mud -caked dens. "Were there any ducks - any ·hootin'? " ", ure," Bob smil ­ ed, and returned to hi - patients . He had learned earlier than most that the waterfowling experience i. more than merely chasing duck . A student of medicine can learn valuable le ·sons from his teacher that are unrelated to the curriculum Most medical chool profe ors can capably lecture about pros­ taglandin and mitochondria. The secrets of ribosomes and R A are revealed in the standard texts. Thoughtfulne s, humility, and sen ·icivity, howen!r, at­ tributes that are truly valuable in a phy ician, cannot be taught or learned in a clas room or library. A physician ­ teacher can only impart them to his tudem by example . I knew that there was a great deal more to be learned from thi man, but our time together grew short and my move from the college town came all too fast. I regret that we never had the chance to hunt together. I hope some day we will. I know that when autumn arrives, when green change to burnt ienna and falls to the ground, when temperature drop and icy gale· pierce the skin, I'd like to be tucked into a protected blind and talking about lift: with Madi on Bob. • By Jerald Bo vino, M.D. ('71) 7 ��.. Some 'leukemia' patients don't have it after all By Bruce S. Ker hner H undred of people every y ar are unfortunately receiving diagno e of an early tage of leukemia wh n they actually have a benign, non­ lethal pre-leukemic condition, Dr. Tin Han, a B re earch profe or maintain . Tin Han, who erve a a ociate chief cancer r earch clinician at Ro well Park Memorial In titute, rec ntly di covered the new condition. He call it benign monoclonal B-cell lymphocyto i , or BMBL for hort . Hi de cription of the con­ dition appeared in the July is ue of Blood ( ol. 64, o.l). Of all fir t diagno e of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 25 per cent, or ap­ proximately 1,700 per year, are identified a ha ing the early tag ( rage 0) of the u ually lethal di ea e. Dr. Tin Han found that roughly half of uch patient that he te ted actually had BMBL. Thi mean that thou and of patient now think they have leukemia hen many of th m may only have the benign condition. The patient actually having BMBL ha e therefore been pre ented with an unnece arily frightening impre ion that could have profound effect on the cour e of their live and on their familie . "We hould not diagno e these patients a having leukemia," Tin Han as err . BMBL is a non-malignant, mild condition that appear to b a precur or to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) though it do not nece arily advance to tru l ukemia. Tin Han and hi colleague identified 3 7 patients diagno d a having Stage O CLL. They found that 20 or 54 per cent remained at tag O for 6 ½ to 24 year without treatment. In contrast, the 17 true CLL patient advancd to higher tag u ually within ev ral year and the median 1 ngth of time for cage O to advance through cage 5 and d ath a 12 ½ year . Patient with the newly di covered lymphocyto i condition xhibit high hit blood cell count imilar to that found in true leukemia, but do not po e any oth r ign of J ukemia uch a enlarg d pleen and lymph node r abnor ­ mal red blood cell or platel t count . Phy ician do not normally treat pati nt at thi tage. While BMBL re emble th early tag of true CLL, Tin Han ha identified certain tendencie as ociated ith BMBL patient , be ides th optimi tic prognosi . 9 �one of the te red BMBL patients had gentic abnor­ malitie , while one third of tage O CLL patients who e di ea e advanced to later stage did. The total number of lymphocytes, including the blood and bone marrow counts, were slightly higher in tho c with di ease progre • sion than tho e without advancement to later cage . erum immunoglobulin levels in BMBL patient were normal or slightly depre ed in all but one patient (who had slightly elevated level ). Jn contra t, CLL patient tended co have much lower levels of this ubstance. "To avoid giving a mi leading diagnosi , do tor should order a cytogenecic study with all cageO patients," Tin Han care . "lf the chromo ome are normal, chance are favorable the condition ill have a benign cour e; if abnormalitie are found, a poor progno i and diagnosi of early cage CLL can be given." Another difference wa that female dominated the BMBL group, while there wa no exual tendency in the early tage CLL group. It is well known that twice as many men contract CLL a •omen. Tin Han carefully followed the fate of the BMBL pa­ tients to ee if they ultimately acquired CLL. f those who did die, none did so becau e of LL. Dr. Tin Han, a native of Burma, received his M.D. from Rangoon niver icy chool of edicine in 1958. He has lived in the . . ince 1960 when he came to complete hi residency. He joined the taff of Ro well Park Memorial In titute in 1964 and became a faculty member at 'B in 1968. In 1978, he won the Redway ward for Medical Writing, pre ented by the Medical Society of the tace of ew York and ew York late Journal of Medicine . He wa elected for hi article on immunity and diagno is of untreated Hodgkin' Di ea e. He i a member of the American Federation for Clinical Re earch, the American A ociation for Cancer Re earch, The International ociecy of Lymphology, American Association of lmmunologi t , and numerou other organization . Hi research colleague , all Roswell Park dentists, in­ clude Dr. Howard Ozer, B associate profe sor of medicine and microbiology; Dr. Edward Hender on, profes or of • medicine; Dr. J. Minowada; Dr. . ademori. Dr. Ti n Han 's s tud ies on le uk em ia ar e b ei ng conduct ed at Genetic defect can shorten survival rate P Dr. Tin Han, LIB re earch profe or of medicine and as ·ociate chief cancer re earch clinician at Ro ·well Park Memorial Institute, has found that the prognosis is poor for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient who have chromo omal abnormalities in addition to an extra number 12 chromo:ome. His findings were de cribed in the Feb. 2, 1984, Neu• Engla11djournal of Medicine (Vol. 310) and the Oct. I 98 ➔ Journal of Clinical Oncology (Vol. 2, o. JO). C ing new techniques developed by him and hi col­ ur­ leagues, he found that only 2 7 per cent of patient vived eight year after being diagno,ed with chronic lym­ phocytic leukemia (CLL) if they were identified with these multiple genetic abnormalities, called complex trisomy 12. In contra t, 87 per cent of all patients with normal chromo ome survived eight year , and nearly the ame proportion, 84 per cent, urvived eight years if their only genetic defect wa an extra number 12 chromo ome (pure tri omy 12). The poor progno i appear· to require the By Bruce S. Kershner atients with a major type of leukemia are likely to have a shorter urvival if they po e certain genetic defect , a UB re earcher ha di covered. Hi di covery, imultaneou ly with a wedi h group, demonstrates, for the fir t time, that genetic defects are associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 10 �,, !z @ ~ x Q. combination of both the extra number 12 chromosome and one or more other abnormal chromosomes. " hromo omal defect are well known with chronic myelocytic leukemia, the other major form of leukemia, but have never been reported for LL," Tin Han points out. • ince 1981, Tin Han and hi· colleagues have studied 80 per cent of the CLL case that have been referred to Ro well Park from other hospitals. They found that •¼5per cent, or 29, of the 65 case. pos e scd genetic abnor­ malicie . Of the e 29 patient with genetic defects, 10 had the abnormal extra number 12 chroma ome (indicating normal progno i ) and had the complex tri omy 12 that lead· to ·horter urvival. f the remainder, three had the l'fq + chromo omal defect and eight po es ed other genetic defect . The group with the latter two categories of genetic defect did not exhibit a clear urvival pattern, though their urvival rate - appeared intermediate in length compared to the normal chroma ome and complex tri omy 12 group . 11 The average predicted longevity after LL i - diagno ed 1sfive years for patients in all tagc of the di case. Roswell Park, bccau e of its long experience and succe sin cancer treatment, however, had a median urvival of eight to nine years, con iderably longer than for the average hospital. The national median survival for patients in advanced cagesof the di ea. e i I½ to two year , while it i approx­ imately four years at Ro well Park. Be ides the finding's major ignificance in predicting survival and di ea e progre · ion for leukemia patients, it also has other implication . It allow re earchers to nar­ ro\v in further on the po ible genetic cau c and relation­ ships of leukemia. Researcher may al o learn the function that certain chromosome have, knowledge which would have wide-ranging implications. Determining the rea on for the genetic defect - i. one of the next major steps for re earchers. Tin Han at first suspected two po. ible cau e ·: I) natural change in genetic makeup a the di ea e advance , a proces. called clonal evolution and 2) the effect of chemotherapy and radiation treatment . "I do not believe that treatment cau e the genetic ab­ normalitie , though it cannot be ruled out without further testing," he explains. If he i correct, it i good new for those who treat leukemia patient since their treatment is not contributing to horten their urvival. Tin Han's early research into thi question sugge t he is corre t that multiple genetic defects are a ociated with more severe form of the di ea e. At lea t one patient has been ob erved to develop complex tri omy 12 during the di ea. c· evolution. In ad­ dition, "of nine CLL cases that progre ed to ad anced ·cages,'' he comments, "three exhibited genetic abnor­ malitie at early stage (Stage O)." Tin Han I he itant, however. co make conclusions based on such a small sample The 8q - and l ➔ q + defect. are already recognized as a marker, or diagno tic indicaror, for Burkitt's lymphoma, though their as ociation with leukemia is a fir t. Chr<?mo ome 8 i the lo ation for an apparently cancer­ causing gene a sociatcd with Burkitt' (B-cell) lymphoma. The Ph - l geneti abnormality also ha a well-e tabli hed association with chronic myelocytic leukemia ( ML). The apparent genetic a - o iation to LL wa not discovered earlier because, unlike with their experience with CML, scienti ·ts could not induce CLL cell to divide an event that i required before hromo omes can b~ studied. The rea ·on was that re earcher - had been using the wrong type of agent to promote cell division. "You cannot induce B lymphocytes to divide u ·ing T-cell mirogens," Tin Han cmpha ized. o re earchcr associated with Roswell Park and B set about to develop B-cell mitogen . They ucceeded in 1981 when they learned that Epstein-Barr viru. and agent excracte~ ~rom the ince cinal micro-organism E. coli and the medicinal herb pokeweed caused B-cell co divide. Al o noticed by the doctor wa the fa t that virtually every CLL p~tient who had abnormally high erum im­ munoglobuhn blood level al o pos essed the tri omy 12 defect even at early • cage . It not only how that the chr~mosor_nal _defect manife t it elf in phy iological way but JC al o indicates that the genetic defect i a marker for chat group of LL patients. All thi research point to the ultimate direction for future re earc~er , "the attempt to di cover an 'oncogene' o~ cancer-cau mg gene for chronic lymphocytic leukemia," Tm Han comment . • �RESEARCH High oxygen levels may damage lungs E B y Cath e rine Kun z xposure to high concentrations of oxygen during routine treatment may cau e pulmona ry damage which cannot be detected by routine clinical test , say adis Matalon , Ph.D. , an a ociate professor in the Department of Physiology at 8. Matalon ha conducted several experiments which indicate that animals expo ·ed co high oxygen levels uf­ fer ilent damage to the lung . " IL i dif ­ ficult to recommend a pccific cour e of action to docror bccau e clinical judge­ ment enters into so many of the cases. Each case must be judged eparatcly." He feel , however , chat phy i ians hould be aware that undetected damage may be tak· ing place. The toxic effect of cxces ive oxygen have long been recognized. The ga pro ­ ·duce radical - entities which de troy protein , lipids , and other uh tances vital co the operation of cell and organs. Through the production of the anti­ oxygen enzymes catala e and superoxide dismuta c, the body i able to handle oxy ­ gen in relatively small amounts (air on ­ tains 21 per cent oxygen). Although higher concentrations are absolutely vital in treat­ ment of variou respiratory and car­ diovascular di ease and emergencies, doctors are aware of the danger of high oxygen JeveL and therefore are on the alert for ign of damaging side effects . " Quite often, " ay Matalon, "allhough one know chat a level of oxygen causes side effect , there i no choice but 10 give it. What we have been investigating is whether oxygen cau e damage to the respiratory sy rem before oven ympcoms uch as fluid from the lungs or hypoxemia (deficient oxygenation of the blood) au ed by lung de truccion are noted ." Matalon ' preliminary ob ervati n , con ­ ducted with the help of Dr. Edmund Egan of the Department of Pediatrics at 8, in­ dicate that this might be the case. In the first pha e of the tudy , Matalon expo ed rabbits and heep to 100 per cent oxygen for 4 hour . Although the anima l appeared healthy at the end of this period - eating, drinking and ex­ hibiting apparently normal pulmonary function , Matalon found indicacion of severe lung damage. Radioactive material wa injected into the alveolar pace in the animals ' lungs . Whil e the tight alveolar membranes of a healthy lung keep thi material in ide che alveolar space, mem­ branes in a damaged lung become leaky, allowing the radioactive material to escape into the blood . U. e of this proce s in ­ dicated that lung damage had , in fact , taken place and that prolonged exposure to pure oxygen caused this damage to grow progre sively more evere. Dr. Sadts Matalon cotiducting aidmal s tud y o,i ox y ge,i exposure. T he major thru t of Matalon 's rudy , however, c ncerns the clinical use of somewhat lower percentages of oxygen . While very high concentrations of the gas may be u ed in the treatment of newborns with respiratory illne es or of people who are very ill, the dangers of extreme ­ ly high level are recognized . Oxygen level of 60 per cent or les are usually used. therefore. " le i generally believed that breathing 60 per cent oxygen will cau e no idc effect , no matter how long it ts breathed . From basic studies, we questioned the premise that 60 per cent oxygen is inn cuou ," recalls Matalon. In collaboration with Dr. Robert ot ­ ter and Dr. Bruce Holm from the niver ­ snr of Rochester chool of Medicine , a third experiment was conducted in which rabbits were exprn,ed to 60 per cent ox­ ygen for three weeks. Periodically the rab­ bits were removed from the oxygen and the partial pre ure of oxygen in the blood was mea ured . " We found that, indeed, 12 after a second week in 60 per cent ox ­ ygen , the value wa lower than what it hould be, indicating damage to the lung ," n:counts Matalon . While this pha e of hi . cudy had been conducted using healthy animal , Matalon recognized that high concentration of oxygen are rarely u ed unles ome kind of pulmonary disease ha been detected . High concentration of oxygen are often needed, for example, in rhe treatment of people with lung fibro is, the body ' reac­ tion to pneumonia -like disea e, in which the fibers of the lung are replaced with a le ela tic substance called fibrin . Would animals with pulmonary fibro i be more vulnerab le to the tox ic effects of oxygen? CollaboraLing with Dr . Jame Goldinger of the 8 Department of Physiology, Department of Pathology pro ­ fe sor Dr. Peter icker on and Dr. Janice Olszowka from the Department of Anesthe iology , Matalon conducted a study in which an agent wa injected in­ to the animals which produced pulmonary disease followed by lung fibrosis . Pure oxygen was then ad­ ministered to the animal . "The outcome of thi experiment was quite interesting ,·• nored Maralon. ''Animab with lung fibro is actually had a 30 per cent hi[-lber rate of urvival in 100 per cent oxygen than healthy animab. " Acting very much like the immuni7..ation proce , fibrotic di. ease causes the body 's anti -oxygen enzyme to be activated, allowing the animal to be better able to deal with oxygen levels. " The re ults are encouraging ," ay Matalon . "While thi . experiment obvious ­ ly cannot be done on human , there i good indication chat human exposed to oxygen show rhe ame general responses a animals. If we can enhance the number of anti-oxygen enzyme , we could in ­ crease the body' ability to tolerate high level of oxygen ." Another po sible way to decrease damage done by high levels of oxygen was suggested by another group of ex­ periment conducted by Matalon . It wa not known whether the damage done by the oxygen i permanent or whether it is reversible once animals resume breathing normal air. To find out , Matalon expo ed animals to pure oxygen for 64 hour before returning chem 10 room air. Although all of the animal became very "ick , only half of them died . Why did half �RESEARCH die and half urvive? Expo ure to high oxygen concentra­ tions damages lung " urfactant" - a material produced in the lungs which make it easier co breathe and keeps the lungs from collap ing. The ability of an animal to survive depends on the amount of damage done to the surfactant system. Perhaps, hope Matalon, injection of ar• tificial urfactanc may be useful in treating thi problem and therefore in increasing an animal' ability to urvive in oxygen. lf way could be found to minimize or eliminate the damaging side effects of oxygen treatment, patients could be given the oxygen that they need without the danger of pulmonary damage. Matalon and hi technician , Mr. Renee Bu h and Mr . Scott Curtis, plan to continue to in­ vestigate the effect of artificial surfactant and anti -oxygen enzyme . Matalon al o Cryosurgery 'safe' for eyelid tumors T Tbe goal is to minimize side effects. ,.. plan experiments using 45 percent oxy ­ gen, hoping to establi h afer standards of oxygen concentration for different type of medical treatment . By offering a new appreciation of the po sible limitation of oxygen treatment, Matalon hope both to rai e awarene of the ga ' possible damaging effect: , and to c tablish possibly afe limits for it use. Matalon ' re earch has been upported over the la t six year by three IH grant totaling 800,000 . In addition, the mo t recent support ha come from the Cum ­ ming Foundation. umors of the eyelid can be effec­ tively removed by cryosurgery without causing re idual , perma ­ nent damage to the eye's fragile duct sy tern, LIB re. earchers report. Cryosurgery , a technique in which tissue is " killed " by subjecting it to uper ­ cold tt:mperarures followed by liquifica 1ion of the tissue and ubsequenc sloughing, was fir t u ·ed in 19 2 to remove eyelid lesions . But the B study, funded partly by a grant from the ational In titure for Den­ tal Re earch, i one of the first to in­ vestigate the extent of injury and course of repair 10 eyelid and lacrimal duct system following the procedure . In the study at 8, conducted by Jo eph atiella, D.D .. ; Arthur Schaefer, M .D., clini al associate profes or of ophthalmology; Andrew Gage, M .D., pro­ fessor of surgery, and Don Liu (now of Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit), freezing was produced on the eyelids and lacrimal drainage sy tern in ten Rhe u monkeys. Under ane rhe ia imilar to that ad­ ministered Lo human patient with eyelid lumors, the animal were divided into four groups. The research, says atiella , i important becau e many malignant tumors which develop on the eyelid - melanoma, basal 13 and quamous cell car inomas - arc in clo e pr ximity co the lacrimal du t system which keep the eye and its ur­ rounding tissue moist. The fir t group received ti ue freezing at a temperamre of - 6o0 c at midportion of the right lower eyelids , the right upper punctum and cannuli ulus . The econd group underwent the ame technique but rather than a ingle freeze received two freeze-thaw cy les. The third group had left lower eyelid in the midportion and left upper punctum and cannuliculus frozen in a ingle cycle of - 30° ; the founh was lreated identically but under ­ went two freeze-thaw cycles at -30°. As with clinical patienc who undergo the pro edure for removal of eyelid malignancie , tyrofoam wa placed over the cornea of the animal ' eye to prevent injury . Each freeze-thaw cycle wa fr m one to one -and -one -half minute . Biop ie iaken of the frozen ti ue one week, one month and three month following the procedure showed the least ti ue damage and more complete repair ccurrcd in the ti ue frozen once to -30° . The healing was rapid, however. in all animal and usually complete within a month following the cryosurgery. atiella point out that while temperature in the range of - 30° pro ­ duce exten ive cell de truction, - 40°C to - 60°C appear neces ary co kill various type of malignant cell which are more resisiant than normal one to freezing .• �MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS Clinical classes reflect real life By Connie O wald Stofko C linical teaching has a major benefit: you 're operating in the real world with real people and real disea e . And it ha a major draw­ back: you 're operating in the real world with real people and real di ea e. That seem to be the consen. us of everal clinical faculty at UB. "The real problem is you're dealing with human being ," aid u7.annc Aquilina, clinical assi tant profes or in graduate education for nur ing . "You're dealing with clients and it' unpredictable. The cla room by con­ trast is very organized." Aquilina, who teache in an outpa­ tient clinic at Children' Ho pita!, find that reality creep into the clinic in a way that's unlike the cla room. Mother try to hold onto creaming, . quirming babies while students struggle to examine the tot . The children seen that day might not have the particular type of ra h a clinical instructor wanted to talk about. Or a patient may not how up for an appointment. " ometimc you have little control over the type of learning experience," she aid. "But the students learn that this is the real world." Thi real world ha· real patients. The patient become a third member of the teaching team. The instructor must impart technical information to the student, and at the same time cultivate attitude coward the patient. "You have to reinforce the idea of the patient as a per on and how disea e can influence that person," said Dr. John aughton, dean of the Medical chool and vice pre idem for clinical affair .. "It's a more active and complicated enterpri e. It's taking reality and ap­ plying it to what hould be done in an individual situation." The paradox in the sy tern is that in the struggle to eradicate disea e, the empha i has been placed on technology. The ystem can become deper onalized. medical school, U B's "people-oriented," however, is aughton said. It attempt to give tudents a strong foundation in the cientific aspects of medicine without lo ing ight of patient a people. "We don't want to make tudents hardened and unfeeling," he said. "We want to make them compas­ ionatc and caring. "We take students away from, in essence, lay attitudes. But we hope they keep ome oftho e attitudes they 're real, pure and meaningful a to under tand what people arc about. "But to make the y tern go, we have to add all the c other kills." During training, everybody the tu­ dent work with i ick. That becomes the norm, aughton aid. "The awarene s of icknes become muted over time - you get u ed to it," he said. o the linical in­ tructor mu t strive co keep the stu­ dent sensitive. Clinical in tructor have to remind // In clinical tnstrllction, drawbacks 14 and advantages are the same: real problem . �MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS "Clinical education is most suc­ cessful when done informally - in the hallway, cafeteria or office et­ ting," augluon said. " hen you go to a ho pita!, what you often ee are small group of phy ician clu tered around talking. That' pr bably mo t valuable. "The problem is that it' random. Everybody might not get everything he need ." That' why la room intruction can't be eliminated. impromptu nature of clinical T heteaching i the primary difference r ie nce of w orking wttb be r ep ce d by le ctures. student not only that they're work­ ing with people, but al o chat they're working with ick people. "It' important to remember that these people are ick; they're in­ capacitated at thi time," aughcon aid. "They become more dependent - uddenly they're dependent on the doctor, the nur es and the orderlies. "It doe n't matter if it' a relatively minor ailment. The lo of in­ dependence i real for everyone. That in itself can be traumatic for a patient who' been vital and active." In their eagerne to be friendly, tudents may actually offend patient , e pecially elderly patient . "For example, it' very common for a tudent, even a hou e offic r, to call a patient by hi or her first name," aid Dr. Jame olan, professor and chair­ man of the Department of Medicine. "They're trying to be friendly. "But the patient didn't ask to be called by hi first name. And the doc­ tor didn't a k the patient to call him by hi fir t name." Calling a patient, e pecially an elderly patient, by hi or her fir t name can make that person feel like a child again, olan explained. And that just reinforce the demeaning a pect of being in a ho pital. "Yet the student mean it in the be t way," he aid. he experience T people can't of working with be replaced by classroom lectures or by practice with simulator. The imulator , mannequin-like device u ·ed to practice techniqu uch a drawing blood, don't come close to the experience of doing it on a person, said Dr. Paul J. Davi , pro­ fessor of medicine at B and chief of medical services at the Veterans Ad­ ministration Medical Center. " imulator don't talk to you, they don't di era t you, they don't make you weat," he said. "There' no penalty" if a cudent make a mi take. "But you undermine your relation­ ship with a real patient when you fail; when you don't draw blood the fir t or econd time." The medical tudent have only minimal expo ure to the e kind of techniques, Davis aid. While they are carefully upervi ed o they do not harm the patient, their inexperience might cau e pain. linical in tructors al o have to C help their tudents face their fc l­ ing about the real-life event called death. The be t time to explore a tudem' attitude to ard death and dying, ac­ cording to aughton, i when it happen . 15 between clinical and cla room teaching, Davi noted. An instructor want to be prepared on a number of topic without formal preparation, but there are pitfalls. "The cholar hip might not be en­ tirely valid if one call upon one' ex­ p rience rather than the literature' experience," Davi aid. The instructor may not remember hi experience accurately or may remember more exp rience than he actually ha . "You have co be on guard again t exaggeration; gilding the lily," h aid. If there' an unu ual problem, a go d teacher will come back the next day with a reading list for hi cud m , olan said. But the in true- �MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS tor can't have the list prepared before ever eeing the patient. "You never know what' going to come in," olan aid. "You're uppos­ ed to be conver ant, but you can't alway be. So you come back the next day and be more conver ant." Clinical in tructors are expected to teach, do research and practice. "If you don't have the clinical ex­ perience, tho e kill ru t away," olan aid. too, he noted. It doe n't get to be a grind becau e there are many dif­ ferent things that a clinical in tructor must attend to, including administra­ tion. "Time is an elastic concept," Davi •aid. "You ju t try to gee to a certain level on your priority list." olan added that L'B relies heavily on voluntary clinical faculty. They aren't paid and are not expected to do re earch, he aid. , , I n"wethe talked old days," aughton aid, problem of clinical teach­ A nother about the 'three­ ing is evaluations. legged tool' - teaching, research and care. "The ten ion i , if you give good care to patients, you get more patient and that can di tract vou from research or teaching. Or, a good researcher might be tempted to give up the other two. "The challenge for the clinical faculty member is greater than that tor other faculty member or a prac­ ticing phy ician . There are a lot of decision he or she must con tantly make." one of the clinical in tructors had any magic formula for balancing teaching, research and practice. Davi aid it's ju ta matter of juggling your prioritie for the day. ''And then you hope not too many people are offended by your choice of priorities on any given day," he aid. Lengthening the work day helps, "A major problem i in evaluating clinica l performance of tudems," Davis aid. "It' enormou ly difficult. 1 o one has devi ed any canon on that. "The extroverted tudent doe bet­ ter becau e he tends to peak out. The more sen itive student may be less impre sive becau e he failed to ay something." Evaluation of a clinical instructor is also difficult, olan aid. In a clinical setting, a tudent examine. a patient, then the in trucror examines the pa­ tient to see how well the tudent did. While the chairman of a department can sit in on a lecture cla to ee if the in tructor i covering the material, that approach i impractical in a clinical eccing. Feedback from the house officers or students is more ef­ fective, olan aid. Still another problem is that ome in tructors may not observe at the 16 bed ide enough, Davi and olan agreed. Davi um med up three point that are important in clinical teaching. Fir t, hone t data collection is critical. econd, the tudent must be en itive to the patient, to the way the data i collected and to the way it' di cus ed in front of the patient. And last, the tudent mu t be made aware of the enormou and everpre­ senc re ponsibility he ha for the patient. "You can't walk away from that," Davis said. " ot if you want to feel good about what you're doing.'' • Med School leads SEFA campaign T he Medical School played an im­ port.ant role this year in helping the niversity's 1984 State Employee Federated Appeal (SEFA)cam­ paign meet its goal. The Medical chool urpa sed its goal of 46,003 hy over 10,000 or 122 .3 per cent of goal, for a total contribution of SS6,26l. The 10tal contribution of lJB's employee was over 2,s,000, well abO\'C the goal of 260,000. That represents 2 per cent of Erie County' tor.al. The University is now the largest divisional employer in Western cw York. EFA encompasses the ,5 organi;,.acion.~ under the Lnitcd Way as well as everal hundred other . The Medical chool contributed more than money, however. Vice President John aughcon, dean of the Medical chool, served a chairman of the Uni\'er ny SEFA campaign. Dr. Richard Jones, a· isrant to the vice president, acted a as ist.antchair­ man for the campaign. Dr. Naughton ex­ pre ·ed his gratitude to the C niver icy community for their great cooperation in exceeding this year's goal, which was 40,000 greater than last year' actual pledges. The Medical chool gave the highest amount of any unit within the Univcrsit) and its percentile rank wa highc t among the niver ity's large units. "Thi indicates the Medical chool' im­ men e generosity in helping to support health and human services in our com­ munity," Jones commented. "It is clear �MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS that our medical faculty and taff recognize the health and human service necd5 because of their role in the com ­ munity and proximity to the e problems ." Participating agencies offer health ser­ vice ., child and family care , neighborhood programs (through com­ munity center ), care for the elderly , emergency aid (emergency fo d vouchers or Red Cro . s shelter program for fire and disa ter victims, for example) , and infor ­ mation and referral . ervices. Over 300,000 persons from all economi , religiou . , and ethnic backgrounds were erved la t year b} the e local agencic ., including 504 l lB employees and 202 member of their familie . Gifts arc hared among all 100-plus par­ ticipating agencies, according to a predetermined arrangement and accord ­ ing to local need - or an be earmark ­ ed for the agency of one '. choice . " We can be ju tifiably proud of our commitment to the Western New York community as expressed through these conmbution . .. l view rhi: as a signifi­ cant accomplishment for our University ,' President tcven ample remarked . Robert Wagner, vice pre ·ident for university services , served a associate chairper on and will chair the 1985 cam­ paign . A steering committee comprised of 32 'niver ity employees helped coor ­ dinate the 198-1campaign . • Top researchers are guest speakers T wo prominent medical research­ er were guest speakers for annual memorial lectures held thi · October . The nnual Erwin , etcr 1emorial Lee· ture, held ct0ber 5, in Children 's Hospital, is the first sin e the famous im ­ munologi t died 1ovembcr 2, 1983. This year' Harrington Lecture, on the other hand, marks its 81st year. John B. Robbin , 1.D., the Netcr Memorial lecturer , i chief of the Developmental and Molecular Immunity Branch of the ational In titute of Child Health and Human Development ( IH) . The Harrington Lecturer, K. Frank Austen, M.D., i the Theodore Be\ ier Bayle Profe sor of Medicine at Har\'ard Medical chool Type B (HIB). HIB i a common cause of bacterial meningiti , pneumonia, and other respirat0ry tract and invasive . ., di ea e.. Re earchcr . pent ~oyear performing un ucce sful experiments attempting to devi c an effective vaccine for these bacteria. Becau e HIB infect only humans , there are no good animal models for tuclying the di. ea e. ucce was final­ ly reached when method to bind or con­ jugate thymus -dependent antigens were devised . The uccc · with immuni;,.ation for this organi m was po ·sible becau e immuniza ­ tion can be acquired through cro s reac­ tion with other organi m that share similar antigenic chara tcristic , such as Pneumococcus . Thi was also predicted by Dr. eter. In fact, Dr. Robbin, ·tre sect that natural immunity to HIB i gradually a quired by children through interaction with non -pathogenic bacteria such a~ H. coli . Dr. Fra11k Auste11: Harri11gto11 lecti,rer. The 'eter le turc cries honors the internationally -known bactcriologi . t and immunologi. t who was with l ' B and Children 's Hospital for -17 years after emigrating from ermany . I le developed the test u ed in diagnosis of a \'ariety of cnteric or gut bacterial infe tion and coined the term " enteropathogenic " for certain normally friendly Escherichia coli bacteria in the intestine that can cause disease in infant ·. A major figure in hi · field, he howed that neomycin was effec­ tivt: in treatment of infantile diarrhea . In 1982, the Centers for Di case Control honored his contributions by naming a newly 1dent1ficd bacteria, Cedecea neteri, after him . In discussing prevention of inva ive disease due 10 Haemophilus influe11zae Type Band similar organL ms, Dr. Robbins several time pointed out the historic role that Dr. eter played in research with the c organi m. . One of Dr. eter's con­ tnbutions wa: his observation that certain group of E. coli are 1<..'ading cau cs of diar­ rhL'a in infants . He was met with incredul ­ ity but was soon proven correct. Dr. Robbin reviewed the history of research on the cncap ulated bacteria and focused on che mechanism by which im­ munology develop with H. influenzae 17 Using technique and principles developed partly as a result of "lcter's work, Dr. Robbin aid, recent re earch has found that the mo t effective im ­ munizing antigens arc those combining 1118with those of E. coli . tetanu toxoid r a combination of pneumo o cu. and tetanus. The next step for re earcher , Dr. Rob­ bins stated, is co devi e way in which in ­ fants' own cells can produce antibodie .~ for HIB to fight meningius . Dr. Robhin · received hi · MD . from ew York 'niversity and has held faculty po itions at the niversity of Florida and Albert Ein tein College of Medicine . I le ha erved in various administrative po i­ uons in che National Inscicutcs of Health and the Food and Drug Admini tration. A recipient of ·cveral profe sional awards, he has worked as a con ·ultant for WHO . D r. Austen , the Harrington lecwrcr, poke about the biosynthesi and metabolism of leukotrienes. L.eukotrienes. like prostaglandins, arc biologically active end product . of the pathway re. ulting from the metaboli m of arachidonic acid . They have p tent histamine -like actions and two type are slow -reacting ub tances of anaphalaxi . "Leukotricne are one of the most ex­ ciring development in relation to our understanding of membrane events in cell �MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS biology," Or. Au ten announced. "It is unlikely that anybody engaged in cell biology is not dealing with experiments in which the metabolism of arachidonic acid is not involved in one way or another." He expla ined that, up until recently, these ubstance were thought of as simply one of the products of anaphalac­ tic reactions, with a limited biological role. Now it i believed that every pathological­ ly perturbed cell rclea es from it mem­ brane arachidonic acid, which u then pro­ cessed to either pro . taglandin or leukotriene. Dr. Au ten, who received hi M.D . from Harvard in 1954, has been on Harvard's faculty •ince 1961. Beside having a nam ­ ed chair as professor of medicine, he is also physician-in -chief at the Robert Brigham Division of Brigham Ho pita! in Bo ton, and chief of rheumatology at Beth I rael and Brigham & Women's Ho pnals. An author of almost 600 scientific articles, he currently crves on the editorial boards bf 11 journals. He i a recipient of numerous a"',ards and current ly serve on nine professional committees . The Harrington Lectureship was c tablished by Dr. Devillo W. Harrington, a B graduate and profes or of genito­ urinary and venereal disease at B from 1886 to 1905. The first lecture was given in 1903. In 1896, to commemorate the 25th an­ niver ary of his graduation from the chool of 1edicine (18""'1) , he made the in­ itial gift to establish the endowed lecture fund. The fund was supplemented by a bequest on his death in 1905. • 400 scientists attend convocation ty, immune complex mediated pathology, tumor defen e, transplantation, allergy, pregnancy, and aging. to the attempts to administer monoclonal antibodies com­ plex , to drugs as toxins , the whole gamut of the bustling field of antibody research was reviewed . Held alternate years, the Convocation focu cs upon specific topics in im ­ munology, attracting nationally and internationallv -known scientists . Most years· the vast majority of Con ­ vocation speakers ha,·c been from outside the Buffalo area, but nearly one-third of the 50 individuals on this year's program were local scientists . These were internationally-known allergists Dr . Elliou Midd leton, Elliot F. Elli , and Robert Reisman; Dr. J. Craig Venter, '\\'ho with hi wife Dr. Claire Fraser, wa. the first to iden­ tify existence of autoantibodies to Beta­ adrcnergic receptors; Dr. Guiscppe An ­ dres, a pioneer in the role of antibody and kidney disease; Dr. Philip T. I..oVerde , who is working to develop a vaccine against certain para itic infections ; and Dr . Pearay L. Ogra, widely known for his work in pediatric virology , notably the Respiratory yncytial Viru (R "\'). Others included Dr . James F. Mohn , well -known immunohcmatologi t and director of the Ernest Witebsk) Center for Immunology; Dr. Felix Milgrom, ch:1irman o UB's Department of Microbiology and a long -time re carchcr in the field of tissue immunology and tran plantation; Dr. Carel J. van Oss; Dr. Marek Zaleski , Dr. C. John Abeyounis; Dr . John H. Kite Jr. ; Dr. Ernst 11. Beu tner ; Dr. Heinz Kohh.:r; Dr E\an ·alkins ; Dr. Richard Bankert , and Dr. Boris Albtni. This line -up illustrates the trong commitment of the Buffalo cicn ­ tific community to the stud) of humoral immunity , for which the foundation . were M ore than ➔ 00 scientists and clinician attended the inth International Com ·ocation on Immunology sponwred by L B's Ernest Witebsky Center for Immunology , June 25-28 at Buffalo 's Mamon Inn. Topics of the Convocation were an­ tibodies and their triple roles as protec ­ tor and destroyers of the human body and regulators of the body' immune response. From the genetic and mo lecular mcchani ms involved in antibody syn ­ thesis through their ro le in autoimmuni- Dr. Felix Mtlgrom was among well­ known speakers at the tntb In­ ternational Con­ vocatto,r on Immunology. 18 laid by the late Dr. Ernest Witcbsky . Dr. Hans Wigzcll, professor of im­ munology and pioneer in cellular im­ munology from Karolin ka Institute, tockholm ( weden), highlighted the Convo ation as pre entor of The Erne t Witebsky .\lcmorial Lecture. Dr. Wigzell is known for describing over a decade ago the existence of white blood cell called null cell involved in the body 's defense system , either Tor B cells . null cells arc either natural killer cells or killer cells which work in a sociation with amibody. Proceedings of the Con\'ocation will be published by A.G . Karger/Basel and will be available next ,·ummcr . Those in ­ terested in obtaining a copy should con­ tact Tht.: Ernest Witebsky Center for Im­ munology at C l6) 831-2901 �HOSPITAL NEWS Advanced system for patient monitoring A new, cientifically advanced pa­ tient monitoring y tern has come on line in the critical care unit at Millard Fillmore Hospital. The com ­ puterized Hewlett Packard y tern. ailed "HP Care-Net ," i an integrated patient monicoring ystem that provide . the late t in total care and information management for critical care patient . " There i no other y tern a advanced in We tern e · York ," aid Dr . James Williams, B clinical profes or of urgery and chief of surgery at Millard Fillmore . HP are- et monitor a patient ' vital ign continuou ly, and tores all thi in ­ formation for later reference. The data management module act like a personal computer, working with doctor and nurse to give the mo t preci e care to each patient , explained Dr. William . In the past, vital ign would be record - ed regularly by the nurses. But if a patient uffered an emergency and a doctor wanted the mo t recent vital ign , he might get readings from 15 or 20 minute before . 1 o • the computer can how the doctor the patient ' vital ign from the pa t everal hour , and right up to the minute the emergency occurred . Vital ign the computer can monitor continuou ly include : heart rate, elec­ trocardiogram wave form , re piration, temperature, and up to three " inva ive" pre ure u ing a catheter . The e include arterial, pulmonary artery and venou pre · urcs . According to Dr. Williams, " The direc ­ tion medicine ha taken is toward inten ive physiologic monitoring . With the refinements in monitoring we can now in­ tervene in the patient ' course a it i evolving. " Dr. William aid the new v tern allow Millard Fillmore to monito~ more vital ign than wa previou ly po ible . Fur­ ther, doctor can do calculations at the pa- ystem pro v ides the latest in total care and information 19 tient' bedside , he aid. An example would be a doctor wondering if a pa­ tient 's circulation could he helped by dilating hi or her capillarie to improve oxygenation of the tis ues. The doctor can now program the computer u in the monitored values, and the computer will work up the exact tatu of the capillary bed. If the e values indicate the patient ill be helpccl , the doctor will follow through with the treatment. aid Dr. William of the e advance , " We have been able to intervene in a very meaningful way on behalf of our patient . For example , we have cut the mortality rate for patient with major infection from 50 per cent to le than 10 per cent. The rca on for uch an improvement in patient care revolve ar und the availabil ­ ity of " total patient data mangemenr. " ritically ill patient are no monitored constantly . And if a doctor i in one critical care unit checking a patient , and he wonder how hi patient in another unit i doing, he can call up that patient ' vital manag e m e m for critical car e pati e nts . �HOSPITAL NEWS ign u ing the computer . Further, if one of hi patient ' vital igns goe out ide the limit he ha pre cribed , the computer will notify the doctor that there i a pro ­ blem . Again , the doctor ou ld be in another unit u ing the monitoring y tern and the omputer would tla h the other patient ' information on the ·creen. The !IP Care- et y tern al o has great re ear h p tential. The availability of up ­ to-the-minute information on critical care patient mean their progression can be carefully traced and better under tood . onver ely, a relap e can al o be careful ­ ly analyzed to ee what happened ju t before the emergency o curred . (From Millard FJ/lmoreHo5p1tafsReponer) • Roswell is one of the three best R oswell Park Memorial In titute wa elected as one of the three · top . . cancer ho pital in a survey conducted by Good Housekeeping Magazine . The urvey i publi hed in the periodical' ovember 19 i ue. Over 250 medical director , chid of caff, department chairmen , and hospital pre 1dent and vice pre idems at major medical center were interviewed by the Good Housekeeping taff . Each was a k­ ed : " Which h pita! - other than your own - do you consider mo t ou ·randing in term of patient care?" Ro well Park ,vas cited , along with Memorial loan -Kettering Cancer Center, in ew York City , and M .D. Ander on Ho pital and Tumor Institute, of Hou ton , a an example of excellence . NCI funds center for organ systems R o ·well Park Memorial In mute ha been elected by the ational Cancer In titute ( Cl) , following nationwide competition , to e. tabli h and implement the Organ y ·tern Coor ­ dinating enter (0 C ) for Cl ' Organ y tern Program . Cl announced Ro well Park' election in lateJune, 19 4 , and awarded the In titute a three -year cooperative agreement grant of approx ­ imately 3 million to fund the O CC. Roswell Park Memorial The O CC opened Augu t I , 1984. Dr. Gerald P. Murphy , director of Ro well Park, i the director, and Dr. James P. Karr, cientific administrator of the ational Prostatic ancer Project at RP I , i the a ociate director . Dr. Karr is al o a UB faculty member with the Ro ell Gradu ­ ate Divi ion . According to Dr. lurphy , " Ro well Park was able to compete ucce fully for thi prestigiou grant ba ed on the ucce of the ational Pro tatic Cancer Project , which h been headquartered here ince 19"'2; and the In titute 's demonstrated ability over the years to clo ely coordinate clinical inve Ligation, cancer patient care, and re earch Through the O CC, the ln titute is e entially being asked b}' Cl to promote thi concept throughout the nited tate ." CJ' Organ y tern Program i the re ult of the recommendation made by the 1 ational ancer Advi ory Board in 1982 to reorganize and expand the I a­ tional Organ ite Program. The Board al o recommended that admini trative coor ­ dination of the Organ terns Program be conducted by a central headquarter the Organ y tern Coordinating Center - located outside the Cl. The ational rgan ite Program wa · e tabli hed in 19 2 to timulate re earch 20 Institute: one of tbe best. on important cancer problem - urinary , bladder , large bowel , pancreas, and protate - that had not attracted the level of effort commen urate with re earch lead available and the mortality and morbid ­ ity they cau e. The planning , direction , coordination , and implementation of each project were provided at four eparate Headquarter Office out ide Cl through a unique scientific and managerial partner hip of the biomedical communit y and CI. nder the rgan y tern Program , the ational Brea t Cancer Program has been added as the fifth ite. The e tablishment of the O further olidifie thi partnership by consolidating the external administration of the Organ · y ·terns Program into a central O C to improve the overall efficiency of planning , oordinating , and implementing the program . The O will treamlinc ad mini trativc and programmati c upport by eliminating unnece ary duplication and multidis iplinary interaction both within and among the five program ; ignificant ­ ly improve the cost effectivene of the program ; and provide the appropriate mean of funhering both ba ic and clinical re earch effort . (From Roswell Par/e 's C/,nica/ Newsletter.August 1984.) • �HOSPITAL NEWS ECMC introduces laser bronchoscope A new attachment is adjoining laser to broncho cope at the Erie unty Medical enter, according to Dr. Doug! Klotch, a i i;am profe or of ocolaryngology and direccor of otolary ngology at the hospital. The new attachment i a et of endo cope ouplers donated by the volunteer board of the medical center. It i believed to be the only one in u e in Erie County. "Wit h the Ia er bronchoscope, the urgeon can vi ualize the invi ible laser beam in ide the broncho cope and manipulate it via a joy tick," Klotch aid. As a re ult, le ion who e a ce were limited by conventional urgery, now can be removed with pinpoint accuracy. "W ith the laser broncho cope," aid Klotch , "we can reach areas below the larynx. We can place the ventilating bron­ cho cope through the larynx and remove benign tumo uch as juvenile papiUomas there a well as stricture in the trachea. " ot onlv do we have more control over the s·urgical removal of benign tumor from the larynx but there i le welling and earring following urgery for the patienc." To date, Klotch ha u ed the la er bron­ cho cope co treat tracheal tenosi and papillomato i in the trachea. • Children's names executive VP T he Board of Trustee of The Children' Ho pital of Buffalo ha announced the appointment of Mr. Thom O. Clark a e ecutivc vice pre i­ dem, effective 1 ovember I, 198 ➔ . Clark come to Children' Ho pita.I with an exten ive background in ho pita! ad­ mini tration and pediatric health care. He wa mo t recently a ociate admini trator at the 698-bed Ho pita! for ick Children in Toronto, Ontario. Prior ro that, he erv• ed as assi tant admini trator and director of nur ing ervice ~ r the Children' Hospital of Alabama. In addition to hi eight year of ex­ perience with children' ho pital , Clark has al o erved a director of nur ing er- vice for the Ea t End Memorial Ho pita! in Birmingham, Alabama, and for lonroe County Ho pita.I in Monroeville, Alabama. He hold a ma cer' degree in ho pita! and heaJch admini cracion from the nfrersicy of Alabama in Birmingham. He injection to the arteries to visualize the blood flow y tern. The traditional angiogram involve· urgi al team, one 10 two hours on che x-ray table and ad­ mis ion co the hospital for overnight ob ervation following the pro edure. The new sy rem will allow the dye co be inje ted int the vein in tead of the anerie . tiJi;,.ationof the vein i le risky co the patient :Ind allow for a quicker and afer examination. With the D 211, ex­ amination· can be performed on an out­ pacienc basis, eliminating the need for hospitalization and reducing cost. • BGH appoints chief operating officer l Tho m 0. Clark is a member of the acional A ociation of hildren' Ho pitaJ and Related In titu­ tions ( ACHRI) and a member of A HRI' Continuing Education Commit­ tee. He i. also a member of the American Ho pita! A ociation, the ational League of ursing, and the American ociety of • Hospital 1 ur ing ervice Director . OH E. FRIEDLA DER ha been named chief operating officer by Buf­ falo General Ho pitaJ. Mr. Friedlander, ho will oversee the day-co-day opera­ tion of the ho pita!· High treet and Oeacone · divi ion and it community mental health center, will report to Or. William V. Kinnard Jr., ho pita! pre ident . He previously was northeast director of health care consulting for the manage­ ment con ulting firm of Coopers & Lybrand in Bo ton. He a al o a i tam dir ctor of the cw Jersey Oivi ion of ental Health & Ho pital . He · earned hi B.A . from American International allege and his M .. in health care admini tration from orthea tern ni ersity . • Sisters adds new diagnostic weapon A revolutionary ne~v "state-of- the ­ an" piece of equipment ha become part of isteri- Ho. pital's Radiology Department'· ar. enal of diagno tic weapons. The unit, called the Picker International DA 211, i a com­ puterized digital subtraction unit which i currently being interfa ed with exi •ting x­ ray diagno tic equipment. The new y tern i being u cd a an ef­ fecc i ve alternative to a tandard angiogram, which u e a ntrasting dye 21 Jo bn E. Fried lan d er �BOOKS High stress and physician fall-out B y Ro Markello , M.D. Pro/es or of Anesthesiology The Impaired Ph ys ician. Edited by tephen C. cheiber and Brian B. Doyle, Plenum Medical Book Co., ew York and London , 1983, pp . 200. ,'The di tre ed phy ician will often tart irregular office hours , be prone to poor eating, and leeping habit , and will be inefficient and di ordered in hi work. " " The lack of recognition of a phy ician-patient ' di tre i related to the colleague 's con ciou or un ­ . con cious denial that a phy ician can be emotionally di turbed. " Phy ician , like navy pilot , live with the lurking fear that they might not have " the right tuff .'' tephen cheiber ( B Cla of '64) teache p ychiatry at the niver ity of Arizona . AJong with colleague , he has a embled an informative little treati e concerning a ubject u ually di cu ed in hu hed tone behind clo ed door . The " impaired phy i­ cian " i a term that ha been coined to de cribe the individual who i lo ing the kill to cop with and manage tre and who demon trat one or more of the elf -destructive ymptom which can ultimately lead to alcoholism , drug addiction , or suicide . It i estimated that even to eight per cent of phy icians are no or will become aJcoholic ; 100 per year com ­ mit uicide in the U.. ; 4 per cent have bad marriages ; I. 5 per cent are known drug addict . While the figures lend themselves to controver­ sy, no matter how you slice it , phy i­ cians are far more prone to emotional decompensation than the general public . How are the women doing? Fair. They have a higher suicide rate. The tres e of culturaJ expectation (fami­ ly, etc.) coupled ith profe ional re pon ibilitie make for greater con ­ flict. It ' too soon to ay but perhap the women will fare b tter ince they don 't have to live up to the " macho " image. Other data pre ented how that uicide rate for male phy ician are no greater than for the general population, that women have rates 3-4 time that of male , and that p ychiatri t have higher rate than tho e in other pecialtie . What are medical school doing? Of 20 urveyed , only one u e a com­ bination of pre-admi ion interview and the MMPI. Mo t u e a pectrum of faculty or upper cla advi ement, a well a elf -help di cu ion group to aid tudent through the mo t tre ful period in chool. While mo t claimed to have counseling er­ vice available for tudent in need , early intervention occurred rarely. One chool wa oppo ed to any type of pre -admi i n creening for fear it might keep out of medical chool porentially fine phy ician . Talk about THE IMPAIRED PHYSICIAN ~.L11·,i t•, Stephl:'n C. Scheiber Brian B. Doyle 22 denial! " The con ensu is that physician with per onaJity difficultie antedating medical chool are vulnerable to the occupational ha7..ard of a medical career." OK , what can be done? cheiber ugge t ome action for the admi ion committee. any medical tudents who ought p ychiatric help had per onality problem before entering medical chool and the ma­ jor cau e of maladaptation wa "'the per onality they brought with them." A careful social hi tory will identify tho e candidate who have a higher probability of becoming impaired. Depre ion and alcoholi m rates are much higher where there i a family hi tory of uch . I'm ure ome of u would object to hi que tioning of eneure i , parent-child relationship , home atmo phere, and maritaJ rela­ tion hip . How far doe a committee invade privacy in the name of weeding out people who will not be able to handle average phy ician tre ? ·cheiber make a plea for bet­ ter informed , more ophi ticated ad­ mi ion committee which include p ychiatri t ·. I hope ome school cake up hi challenge for a 20 -30 year longitudinal tudy of high v . low risk tudents and ub equent emotional disturbance bur I doubt if any will. di cipline, Medicine i a high tr taxing man co the limit of their adaptive ability . The image of the all­ knowing , caring , n ver -failing , calwarc i an unreali tic expectation. Medical organizations are beginn ­ ing to deal reali tically with impaired phy ician by way of continuing education program . The be t they can do i improve awarenes and help ympathetic colleague direct a deteriorating phy ician toward help . cheiber ' bia remain - above all , better creening for medical school. Thi book can be read in everai hour . It has u eful information and r pre ent a " tate of the art " type publication. • �BOOKS Medical education: who's doing it & how Te acher and Teaching in Medical School . Hilliard Jason andJane Westberg, Appleton Century Croft , orwalk , Conn ., 1982, pp . 3 20 . , ,I had arrived at medical chool filled with emhus ia m and hope . Most of what I had found i be t de crib ed a dull drudgery and a pr eoccupation with trivia ." I recall " Hill y Ja on " ( Ia of '58) a a eriou , articulate etas mate. While the more cynical of u had mode t expectation of the impact of medical chool on ur future career., Ja on t0ok the initiati e to tr y for im ­ provement. On a on e-year leave from medical tudie , he participated in th e famou experiment in medical duca­ tion in the mid-50 at Buffalo. ub . e­ quemly, he ha enjoyed a produ ctive quarter century as a national leader in medical education . He currently live in Coral Gable , Florida . In the mid O' , when medical chool were in the mid t f coping with expl ive growth, a mall group et out to urvey ducation - ad­ dre sing not what wa being taught , but rather who was teaching and hoU'. The book i a compendium of the rudy design and finding . ome of th finding : • Worn n and minoritie had not achieved an appreciable p r entage of total faculty ; many full -tim e teacher pent little or n time teaching medical tudent but in read graduates ; two -third of faculty in primary care di cipline do not perceive them elve a primary care phy ician ; most faculty tay at one school . • Mo t faculty do not read medical education literature at all , and about 40 per cent read "general " journal , i.e. JAMA and The New England Jow· ­ naf . Jason neverlhele find en - courag ment that one -fifth have taken ome formal instruction in education , and mo t eek out and are en itive to feedback from tudent and colleague . "Out and out didactic treatment is hopele ly antiquated ; it belongs to an age of accepted dogma or up­ posedl y complete information. " - Flexner - 1910 The formal lecture co large groups of ·cudenrs remains the predominant form of basic cience education . Mo t clinical teaching now occur in mall group and in a patient erring which i what Flexner ugge ted 75 year ago. In 20 year , there ha been measurable progre -s toward in­ tegrating basic cience in clinical medicine and in che u e of " applied " eminar . " Learning complex idea , altitude , or kill u ually involves adopting new or different characteri tics, which , in turn , in olve taking risk ." (It also involv e. a gr eat deal of energy expenditure l might add .) Finally, Ja on make a plea for facul ­ ty development - a y tematic pro ­ gram to enable teacher to become more effective . Many chool have program for augmenting in e tigacive and clinical kill of the faculty few have them for education. It ha been almo t 30 year in e George Miller pearheaded th ven­ tur in medical education in Buffalo . When medicine was in the growth of the 60 and 70 , re ource were made available and a good bit of thought wa expended thereto . The " true believers " did not accomplish the revolution for which they had hoped . They did achieve awarene and mode t improvement . I chink there are everal reason why ucce wa mode tat be t: • In the past 10 year , the tudy of cognition has discovered that the way in which we I am and apply is likely inborn - with the educational pro­ ce s having very small influence . 23 TEACHERS AND TEACHI G IN U.S.MEDICALSCHOOLS Hilliardk1!,011 kmcW tbcrµ While e would like to think of the phy ician a a logical , cientific problem - olver , the va t majority of what we in fact do i pattern recogni­ tion with tereotypcd re pon e. Fear of di approval and emulation of perceived authorities influ nee behavior a much if not more than logic . Built -in y temacic perceptual errors give u 'probability di tortion . • The concern to improve medical education wa merely pare of the fer­ ment in education in the we tern world in the 20th century . u e wa not much better in the world -at-large. • Inspired informal teach ing i a dif ­ ficult ta k that ~ w do well. With the perceived ver upply of phy ician in the 80 , l fear there will be little enthu ia m ~ r academic in­ terest in medical educati n . It will r quire a ocial catacly m u h a another homing war, economic . depre ion , or large un erved p pulace - before ther will be ide pread intere t in the educational proce in medicine. " Ya did good Hilly! " Future g nera­ tion will appreciate the work of your elf and olleague . • ��DOCTORS I THE ARTS Bernstein cotnbines opera & otolaryngolog y A s otolaryngologist, Joel Bernstein knows ,; ·ell the configuration of the laryn . , hem its vocal cords function as a reed instrument , producing a rudimentary music with eV<:ry u_tte~ance As professional sin~er. _Bernstein. also kn?\'~ the physi~al demands of _concert smgmg, how tremendous stamina 1sneeded 1f the \"OICe1s to float wllh grace. pn:cis1on. and richness of tone . Physiologicall :. what distinguishe, singing from .speaking, is the manner in which breath h e. ·pell ­ ed to vibrate the vocal cords . As B rnstein is well aware, singing require more breath - and e\'er more breath - the louder, higher. and longer one sings . . \Xell known in \-X 'estcrn , ·ew York as a concert performer for roughly the last de ade , Bernstein , a baritone , has performed everything from the luminous lieder of Schubert and Schumann , to more vocally demanding roles in opera and oratorio . He credits his late father , Harold Bernstein, for affording him an early familiarity with music, ·pecifically in its rich instrumental textures . The elder Bernstein grew up with Harold Arlen, the late Buffalo-born composer, pianist , and arranger who wrote the entire score for Tbe \'('izard of Oz, including, of course. the famous Judy Garland signature piece , "O\ er the Rainbow ." "They played a lot of music together as kids. My father was a fine musician \Yho played the sax and the clarinet. He played in \arious bands around town and even cut a kw records. · A nati\·e Buffalonian, Bernstein began singing as a young boy in the synagogue. There , as his voice gradually deepened with the onset of puberty, the young Bernstein progressed from soprano parts to alto roles. and finally to singing the bass line. At the same lime. he was exploring other dimensions of music. especially in learning more about the instrumental line and the texture of \X'estern music itself . "I tarted playing the violin about age seven. and took ks ·ons for another eight or nine years," he remarks. "I also played the French horn for about five years," adds the clinical assistant professor of otolaryngology and pediatrics, who holds ~I.A. and Ph.D. degrees in microbiology from B, in additi o n to the 7\.1D. from the Medical School ('61) . He continued his choral work through his high school Bernstein as Monterone In Ver­ di~ Rigoletto (page opposite) and in bis office, ready to see patieHts (at right). By Ann Whitcher 25 �DOCTORS l 1 THE ARTS days and al o during his year a an undergraduate at Harvard. Following graduation from medical chool in 1961 and a one-year re idency at what i · no"° Veteran · Administration Medical Center. Bernstein managed to sandwich in time singing in a Boston temple. while serving a three-year residencv at the Ma sachusett Eve and Ear 'infirmary. , After returning· to Buffalo, he oon became active in presenting musicals at the Buffalo Jewish Center with ocher members of the center· Drama Committee. There, he appeared in everal Gilbert and Sullivan operettas, and al o had lead role in Guys and Dolls, The Apple Tree, ,Hilk and Hone;: Oklahoma. Will the Mai/train Run Tonight, and The Education of Hyman Kaplan. B y the early 1970s, Bern­ stein had decided that, his musical culture notwith­ tanding, the time had come co cudy voice eriously - and with gusto. "At the time, l aid to myself, you know, I real­ ly have sung all my life, but I've never studied voice." There was a certain irony in the fact, he added, that "here I wa · an ears, no e and throat man who was eeing people with voice disorder and problems. I certainly did not begin to study voice serious­ ly becau e I wanted to help my pa­ tients. 'Tm not saying that. I imply decided that singing was a very im­ portant part of my life that gave me great joy and atisfaction." Although Bern cein had embark­ ed on erious voice tudy partly to prepare for additional musical comedy roles, he quickly found himself immer ed in ·•a whole new world" of opera. oratorio (the religious, non-liturgical counterpart of opera; unlike opera, however, there is no visible dramatic action), and lieder, which usuallv refers to the German art ong, especially of the 19th cen­ rury. Here he was confronted with an e pecially demanding art form, one which calls on the singer not only co exerci e great phy ical control, but also to carry the musical phrase with a mix of subtlety and pa sion. The . singer mu t also exhibit the dramatic skill of a good a tor. A tall order, and one which make opera, with it. heavy dramatic underpinning , a daunting challenge for the concert singer. Bern tein chose a his first voice teacher Heinz Rehfuss, the Swis -born bass-baritone and CB professor of music, who enjoyed a distinguished inging career on the European stage. The European-trained inger coach­ ed the American otolaryngologi t for four year . Their spirited conversa­ tions often mixed the musical and purely anatomical. Remarks Berns­ tein: "We u ed to have conversation about the function of the larynx, although I didn't always agree with him on ome of his concepts (regar­ ding larynx function). Yet he caught me a great deal. He gave me many idea ." In addition to bolstering his vocal powers, Bernstein had to harpen hi language kills - essen­ tial in concert inging - and now has proficiency in German, Italian and French. Since 19T, Bernstein has studied "off and on" with B associate pro­ fessor and University Opera Workhop director Gary Burges , a lyric tenor who has sung with the :i.n Franci co, Greek National, Metropol­ itan and Philadelphia Lyric Opera companies. Burges has twice invited Bernstein co perform with him as part of the Mu ic Department's annual faculty recital serie . In the late 1970s, Bernstein per­ formed frequently with the niver­ sity Opera Studio (precursor to to­ day's Opera Workshop), directed by B associate profe sor of mu ic Muriel Hebert Wolf He wa tephen Jumel in the Opera tudio world premiere production of ,\,fadC1me Jumel, an opera by Buffalo composer and retired Buffalo tate College music profe sor Anton Wolf. From 1976-78, he performed in several Opera Studio productions, including Gilbert and Sullivan' The Gondoliers - where he played the Duke of Plaza Toro - and The orcerer, where he sang the rote of J .W. Wells. Bern tein has performed in the Art­ park production of Ros ini · The 26 Barbet· of eL•ille.He ha also sung in a Western New York Opera produc­ tion of Samuel Barber's 1959 The Hand of Bridge, a one-act opera about four people '"ho, eated around a small green table, are more preoccupied with per onal problems than with the card game. He was the magician Dapertutto in the 1982 B Opera Workshop production of Jac­ ques Offenbach's Tales of Hoffmann. And he wa Abimelich, the satrap of Gaza who cornfully di. mi se the Israelites' devotion co God, in the Opera acra production of Camille ampson ainc-Saens' 187"'.' opera, and Delilah. Additionally, he was the bass soloist in the Buffalo Choral Art Society presentation of the Cherubini Re­ quiem: with the Univer icy at Buffalo Chorus, directed by Harriet imon , in both Buffalo and Rochester pre en­ tations of Mendelssohn' oratorio Eli­ jalJ; and in the Handel oratorio Judas ,Haccabeus in a 1983 Temple Beth Zion pre entation, part of the Buffalo Philharmonic's" tained Glass" serie . I ndeed, Bernstein's musical re ume resounds with mu. ic divergent not only in terms of content and musical tyle, but also in what is vocally demanded from the singer. The list includes Rodgers and Hammer tein tunes with the Buffalo Pops Or­ chestra, directed by Bern tein's good friend, the late Robert chulz; bass soloist in Dvorak' 1890 Requiem .\1ass, a part of the Kenmore Methodist Church concert eries, and bas soloi c in Handel' .Wessiah both with the Buffalo Choral Art ociety and the St. Paul's Epi copal Cathedral Choir of Men and Boys. In May, 1984, he cook on the fun, if formidable, role of Daddy Warbucks in Artpark's pro­ duction of Annie. In addition, he has sung in performances of 1ozart's Re­ quiem, Oebu sy' 1884 cantata L'en­ fant Prodigue, the latter pre ented by Opera acra, and in the B Chorus's pre entation of Fantasia on a Christmas Carol by the 20th century English composer Ralph Vaughan William . He wa Juda in Opera Sacra's presentation of Massenet' �DOCTORS l11 THE ARTS Mary A!agdeline, and sang the role of .\larcello in a \Xetern 'cw York con­ cert version of Puccini's famous opera La Boheme. He was the cantor at Tem­ ple Beth Zion for four year until the new full-time cantor, Gail Hirshenang, wa engaged not long ago. The cantor is the olo or principal inger in Jewi h worship Remarks Berns­ tein ''This, of course, took a great deal of commitment. The new antor usuallv calls me to fill in when she goe. on vacation." Singing the role of Monterone, the deeply outraged father who level an all-important curse, in Artpark's .-cag­ ing of Rigoletto, is a particular favorite. "I would ·ay chis was the highlight of my singing career After having been chosen from the chorus to take over rhe role - two weeks before the concert - well, it was quite an event. !though it'. a ·mall role, you're in center cage for five minutes in the first act." Some of the other operatic and oratorio role. have had their fair share of dramati coloring, although Bern­ stein win cs at some of the more florid moments. He recalls singing the role of Herod in the 185"¼Berlioz du Chri ·t (The In­ oratorio, L 'E11Ja11ce fancy of Chri. t). in which Herod, singing a mu ically stirring aria. nonetheless proceed to call for the killing of all the ne ·born children in Jeru alem, azareth and Bethlehem "River of blood will flow." sings Herod 'It's ju:t terrible," says Berns­ tein till, he. ay , such roles offer him "a real opportunity to dramatically portray a role." Since many of Bernstein's roles have been in oratorio or 10 " hat amount co concert ver:,,ionsof \uJrious operas, Bernstein has not had to call on great acting power. ln an~ case, the musi al characteri tics of a piece in­ tere t him the most. For LhaLn;ason, he doesn't del\'e into intensive ps) · chological study of the character, or invoh'c himself with musicological re earch. "I usually rely on the direc­ tor to give me hi ideas about the role. I'm not the type of person who is willing to take that kind of time to study the character. My particular concern i u ually with the singing, with the execution of the musical pan of the role. I uppose that\ ,vhy I'\·e been called a mediocre actor and a good inger rather than the other wa) around. ''.Although I think that I've acted better than they thought J did," he adds. !though his invol\'ement in the musical aspects of opera is e tabli h· ed, Bernstein 1 · no opera buff. He prefers to keep a safe distan e from opera' rhetorical excess, . oap opera­ ish plot twist , and libretti loaded with psychological maladjustment of even• ilk. Comments Bern rein: "J realli· enjoy listening to great singers. I ju t marvel at the control and the outstanding talent of ome of the peo­ ple who are • inging throughout the world. And there are o many good inger . it' just incredible. Knowing <;omething about . inging. knowing omething about the anatomy and physiology of the larynx, and having participated, I just marvel at some of the great singerc; "But an opera huff I'm not. because so much of opera is so hokey, even absurd. For example, some people enjoy watching (~ozart's) Co i fem Tulle (a tale of lovers, disguise and infidelity) or The Marriage of Figaro (also by ,\tozartJ sea on after eason. I don't But what I think is great i to listen to the tremendou talent of the great . ingers of toe.lay.again, to marvel at the vocal sound that ome people can pro• duce." After all. the voice is an in. tru• menc, he note. , and the in. trumencs of great singer. like the American baritone herill Milnes and the . pani h tenor Placido Dommgo. can be compared to the playing po"'·er of the late ,·iolini ·t David Oi ·trakh. or mu icians of similar stature. Ho,, does this engaging physi­ cian/singer find time for his striking mix of re earch, clinical practice, and serious foray· into the art ' Bernstein says his evening usually are free "for my re. earch, my reading and my mu ic, ·ince I have chosen a field in which I can make a lot of people happy most of the time." His otolaryngological practice, he ex­ plains, is confined "to general ears, no e and throat problem of a u ual- 27 ly non-serious nature rather than head and neck urgery. As a result, I don't see a lot of seriou. ly ill people with cancer of the head and neck who require a great deal of post­ operative care." His area of creative fulfillment al o embrace an active re earch in otology. "Ju t a my music has given me the opportunity to express myself dramatically and musically, m) re ·earch, too, ha given me the op­ portunity to express myself and, of course, helps me a lot in term. of the di ·ease I treat." Over the year , Bernstein has made numerou presentations of his research at many universities and be­ fore such group as the American ca­ c.lem} of Otolaryngology, the Pan American Medical Association, the American . ·eurotology ocicty, 1he . ew Jersey ~tedical . ociety, and before numerous \X'estern , e York medical meetings. In 1982. he ,vas a \ isiting professor at Children"s Hospnal of Pittsburgh, Otitis Media Research Center. In 198➔, he recei, ed The International Award of Merit from the Belgian-Dutch ociecy on Allergy in Otorhinolaryngology. Bern­ stein received the honor for his pioneer work and sustatned research on the role of allergy and other im• munological proces. es in otitis media with effw,ion, an inflammation and infection of the middle ear marked b) drainage of fluid. The aw~trd wa presented on April II, 198 ➔• in The Hague. Bernstein ubsequently spoke at the First International Symposium on Immunology and Otolaryngology in L trecht. Bern:'itCin' home life continues to have a firm musical underpinning. The LB phy ician and his wife Sheila arc the proud parents of three ·ons, David, Jonathan and Jimmy, all of whom, to one degree or another, have ventured into music. Jimmy, the youngest, "may become a profes· sional mu ician," hi· father reports. Jimmy, a tudenc at William ville outh High School, is tudying per­ cu sion with Lynn Harbold, percus­ sionist in the Buffalo Philharmonic Orche tra and lecturer in the B Music Department. • �PEOPLE Children's clinic named for Jacobsens W By Dave Condren hen Dr. A. Wilmot Jacob en came from Baltimore to Buf­ falo to e tabli h an outpatient department at Children ' Ho pita!, he had anticipated that hi work here would be of brief duration. "l expected to stay a year," the highly regarded pediatrician and retired B pro ­ fe or of 42 year aid October I , 1984 That was hi plan in 1926. " I decided to cay on becau e they had people who knew what a ho pita! ought to be," he added, explaining why he i till around 58 year later. To a ure that the contribution of Dr. Jacob en and hi wife, Dr. Evelyn Heath Jacob en , will never be forgotten , the Children' taff and tru tee honored the couple in October by naming the hospital 's fir t-floor outpatient clinic the "Jacob en-Heath Ambulatory Clinic ." The facility had been known merely as the " D-1 clinic area." The urpri e honor wa announced during the medical taffs quarterly meeting in the Marine Midland Tower. Quipping that he has been " laboring under the assumption that to have something dedicated co you , you had to be dead," the 86-year-old Dr. Jacob en ac­ cepted the honor on behalf of himself and hi wife , who could not acrend. '' I 'm really very much touched that you all were willing to remember Evelyn and me in thi way," aid Dr. Jacob en, who till erve n the staff of Children ' and care for patient a well. An author, teacher and lecturer as well as a pediatrician , Dr. Jacob en not only founded the outpatient department at Children ' but erved as it director for 19 years. Hi wife founded the Children ' Aid ociecy in 1925 and remained active in it until 1975, when he retired . The ociety erved a an adoption agency and cared for abandoned and battered children. " Thi i a red-letter day on the Jacobsen calendar," remarked Dr. Jacobsen as Dr. Bernard Ei enberg, chairman of the medical taffs Recognition Committee , pre ented him a copy of the in cription that ill go on a plaque to be hung in the ho pital. Dr. Ei enberg i a B clinical as ociate profe or of pediatrics and social and preventive medicine. "As I look back over half a century , mo t of our joy and triumphs have been con ­ nected with Children 's Hospital, " he cold hi colleague . umbered among tho e joys , Dr. Jacob en aid, wa his o n experience a a patient at Children 's when he contracted "a ca e of chicken pox ." Because the ho pital complex has literally grown around the Bryant m:et home that the Jacob ens have occupied for 50 year , Dr. Jacob en noted that he and hi wife "are the only two (physician ) on duty 24 hour a day and 365 day a year in ide of Children's ." (ReprintedfrMI rhe BuffaloNewswhere M, CondrenIS a wrlrar) • Lewis Flint chairs Surgery Department D r. Lewi M. Flint , Jr., ha recent­ ly been appointed the new chair­ man of the Department of urgery in the chool of Medicine , as well a director of urgery at Erie County Medical Center. The appointment of Dr. Flint, a native of Dekalb County in Georgia, mark the ucce ful end of effort to ecure the er­ vices of a mo t highly qualified surgical phy ician co head the department. A profe or of urgery at the niver ity of Loui ville chool of Medicine incc 1975, he ha al o erved a chief of surgery at Humana Ho pital. Dr. Lewi received hi bachelor 's and his medical degree (1965) from Duke niver icy. He comp leted re idencie at both Duke Ho pita! and the Medical Univer icy of ouch Carolina. He was a Fellow in trauma surgery at the niver ity of Texa outhwestern Medical chool for two year and served for a imilar time in the U.. Army. He ha member hips in numerou pro ­ fe ional ocieties, including the American urgical A ociation, American College of urgeons, Alpha Omega Alpha , th o­ ciation for Academic urgery, and the ociety of niver ity urgeons , of which he wa pre idem. 28 Lewis M. Fltnt , Jr. Most recently , he i the repre entative of the o iety of niver ity urgeon to the Ameri an Board of urgery, chairman of the American College of urgeon · publication committee , and a member of it executive committee on trauma . He erves as a o iate editor of Current Con ­ cept in Trauma Care and i on the urgery editorial board of the journal and Heart and Lung The author of almo t 60 publication as well a 10 book hapter , hi exp rti e al o led to the making of the motion pic ­ ture, " Management of the Multip le Injury Patient," which won the 1981 ETHICO Film Award pon ored by the outheastern urgical Congres . Hi primary re earch empha i i on the field of trauma , e pecially the development of urgical technique for the treacmem of the patient with multiple injurie . • Granger receives data center grant D r. art . Granger, profe or of rehabilnation medicine and medical director of The Buffalo General Hospital Rehabilitation Medicine Department, ha received a three -year �PEOPLE grant totaling one -third of a million dollars to develop a nationwide uniform data y tem for rehabilitation center . The a­ tional In titute of Handicapped Re earch of the U.. Department of Education i funding the project for 116,898 in the firs.t year. ccording to Dr. ranger, che uniform data 1 tern i the key to documenting the effectivene of rehabilitative care and co improving cost efficiency . The need for a common information haring program wa tated by the merican A! ademy of Phy ical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM 'R) and the American Congre s of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM), which jointly e tabli hed a IQ-member national ta k group to addre s the project. Dr. Granger , one of the elect in ­ dividual on the task force , said the pro ­ je t i a respon e 10 the pos ibility of a change in the reimbur ement >' tern 10 a pro pective payment method for rehabil ­ itation ervice . These ervice include phy ical therapy , o cupational therapy , language training, p ychological and ocial adaptation , medical evaluation treatment , and management. Working with Dr. Granger to establi h the niform ational Dam et is Dr. Byron B. Hamilton , director of research at the Rehabilitation In titute of Chicago , who i · currently a one -year re earch fellow ...- ...... with the B Department of Rehabilitation Medicine . Coordinating their effort · through the re ources of che Buffalo General Ho pital and the niver ity, the doctor will begin thi ongoing work by establishing common definition of medical term related to rehab medi inc , devi ing a common method to mea ure effectivene s of care, and creating a uniform means of a e ing co t . thcr pha e of the projt: t include gathering and analyzing information on patient groups and identifying the patient who most benefit from inpatient rehabilitative ervice . In addition co the project ' goal of pro ­ viding better ervice to the nation ' di abled , other objective of the niform Data et arc to provide more comparable and acces ible information to upport the accreditation of program and to ju tify reimbur ement for service . Dr. Granger points out that the uniform information y tern is being devt:loped to be compatible with computer equipment expected to be in u e at mo t facilitie . A pilot ce t of the data v tern will be conducted at five rehabilitation ho pital within the next two month . The revi ed program will then be field re ·ted in 15 rehabilitation facilitie . Dr. Granger an­ ti ipate that che ational Datasec will be operational in rehab center aero che country by mid-1986 . • Carl V. Grattger 29 Granger, Gresham edit landmark book H By Bruce . Kershner ailed as "a landmark " and a "gold tandard " at a recent American ongre of Phy ical 1edicine and Rehabilitation meeting , Functional Assessment in Rehabilitation Medicine i a book that aim co bridge the gap bet­ ween rehabilitation theory and practice . After five year of effon , che 08-pagc volume wa relea ed thi pa t November . It wa authored and edited by Dr. arl Granger , profe or of rehabilitation medi ine, and Dr. Glen Gre ham, pro ­ fc or and chairman of B' Department of Rehabilitation Medicine. They each head tho e department at Buffalo General Ho pital and Erie County Medical Center , re peccively. honly after che book wa relca ed, the author pre ented a copy to Vice Pre ident John aughron a a gift to che Medical chool. " We feel the book is indeed a 'fir t' and clearly e tabli he our department here a a leading center for chi cype of experti e and re earch ," Dr. Gre ham commented. The hook i de cribed a unique in that it combine concrete guideline for disability as e ment with technical infor ­ mation o phy i ian can more effective ­ ly de ign theraple appropriate 10 the real need of che patient . One particular approach Dr . Grnnger and Gre ham take i to make the phy i­ cian aware of the many in eparable a pe t of effective rehabilitation - not only one-to -one therapy but al o modification of the environment and of public policy . The author ere char the ultimate ucce of therapeutic effort i often affected greatly by attitude - the attitude of go ernment, ociety and rehabilitation profe ionals c ward the phy i ally impaired , a well a che anicude of the di abled patient coward hi or her own physical problem . Thirty -five noted contributor redefine term and models o that di ability can be accurately a e ed within a broad con ­ text of patient trength and weakne e . Example of chart include life cycle maintenance co t and rehabilitation cost compared t minimum level of a ceptable life maintenance and level of di ability . Other areascovered by che b ok are the �PEOPLE theoretical basis for functional asse ment and the contribution of epidemiology co health care planning for pat ients with chronic and di abling disease. The author al o focus on the current statu of func ­ tional as e ment and where research is still needed . After earning hi M.D. from ew York niversity-Bellevue Medical Center in 1952, Dr. Granger completed his re i­ dency at Walter Reed General Ho pital. Formerly a faculty member of the medical chool at Yale and Tufts univer itie , Dr. Granger met Dr . Gre ham at Tufts. Their productive relation hip ha continued to this day. After four years in a named chair at Brown University , Dr. Gresham joined UB' faculty in 1983. An author of more than 50 publications , he won the Licht Award for cientific Excellence in 19 9 . Dr. Gresham ha chaired B' Depart­ ment of Rehabilitation since he joined the faculty in 1978. He al o directs Erie Coun­ ty Medical Center 's pinaJ Cord Injury nit. A medical graduate of Columbia University College of Physicians and urgeon , he completed hi clinical train ­ ing at the University of Cleveland and Ca e We tern Re erve chool of Medicine . Formerly a profe or at Yale and Ohio tate, he received the Di tingui hed er­ vice Award from the Ma achu etts Coun­ cil of Organization of the Handicapped. • Drs . Granger (I) & Gresbam (r) present ve tigator for a B chool of ur ing four ­ year grant of S435 ,451 from the ational Institute of Aging and the Div i ion of uring in the U.. Department of Health and Human ervice . B wa elected a one of four national ites to re earch different behavioral intervention for incontinence . Patricia Burn , R. ., of the B chool of ur ing will be principal inve tigator. • DR. CAREL) . VAl OS.S , PROFFSSOR OFMICRO ­ biology , visited the Central Laboratory of the Blood Tran fu ion ervlce of the etherlands Red Cros in the etherlands in April. While in that country, he al o presented a lecture entitled " urface Tenion and the tability of Particle and Cell ." • DR. E. DOUGLASHOLYOKE , RESEARCH PRO­ fessor of urgery and Ro well Park reearcher, received a 217,372 grant from the ational Cancer In titute to cudy the pathop hy iology of cancer meta tasis. • DR. CARL . PORT ER, RESEARCH ASSOCIATE professor of pathology and researcher at Roswell Park Memorial In titute ' Ex­ perimental Therapeutics Department , received a S200 ,000 gram to tudy the in­ hibicor of polyamine bio ynthesis and fuoc~n . • DR. KEVI PRANIKOFF , ASSIST T PROFES ­ or of urology, is the co-principal in- A. Cbarles Massaro DR. A. CHARLES MASSARO , CLI ICALASSO­ ciate profe sor of family med icine, has been appointed vice pre idem for medical 30 copy of book to Dean affair at i ter of Charity Ho piral. The announcement of the po ition wa made by r. Eileen Kinnarney , pre idem of Sisters Ho piral. De. Massaro will act a a liaison between the medical taff , ad­ mini Cration , and board of tru tee with primary responsibility for coordinating clinical activitie and re ource of the ho pital . In order to as ume hi new dutie , Dr. Ma saro left hi family medicine practice with the Cleveland Hill Medical Group in Cheektowaga in January and also relin ­ quished his practice a chief of family medicine at ister . He will continue as the hospital ' direccor of medical education. Dr. Ma aro wa president of the i ter Ho pita ! medical raff from 1976 to 1977 and founded the ho pital ' family medi ­ cine residency program in 1982. He holds a fellow hip in the American Academy of Family Physician and i an attending phy1cian at t. Jo eph 's lntercommunity Ho pita! in Cheektowaga. • DR. ORMA MOHL , CLI ICALASSOCIATE profe or of anatomical cience at the chool of Medicine, received the Maimon ­ ide Award from the local chapter of The Alpha Omega Dental Fraternity and the national Israel Bond organization October 21 in Buffalo . Dr. Mohl i a sociate dean for academic affairs at the B Dental chool , a well as profe sor of both oral medic ine and orthodontic . Dr. Alan Gros , vice pre idem of the fraternity , conferred the award which i given " to out tanding member of the �PEOPLE dental fraternity who are recognized for their ontribution to profe ional ex­ cellence in meeting human need in up­ porting Alpha Omega project ." Mohl i al o program director of the M .. graduate degree program in the oral cience , director of 1he po t-graduate clinic in the hool of Denti stry , and a vi iting profe or at Tel Aviv niver ity in I racl . A member of the national , tate and county dental societie , he ha received numerou awards and i well known for hi re earch. • in clinical in the C.. ; automation Iaboratorie ; and immunochemical method for quantification of drug . • DR. CLARAM. AMBRS, R~EARCHPROF~or of pediatric and ob -gyn, poke at the 8th Internacional Conference on Throm ­ bo i and the Mediterranean Blood Club in Turkey la t June. , he lectured on platelet inhibitory agent in meta tatic di ea c, ickle cell di ea e. and chronic arcerio clerati di ease, as well a other ubjects . • DR. ROBERTG TE OOD, JR., CLIIICALI tructor of medicine and phy ician at Mer­ cy Hospital , ha been ele ted to the Peer Review Committee of the Medical ocie ­ ty of the County of Erie. • DR. KARE R. CHOEE, CLI ICALI TR C­ tor of ophthalmology and a phy ician at Mercy Ho pital , was elected to a three-year term on the ominating ommittee of the Medical ociet} of the ounty of Eric .• THE ILLIAM. HAISTEAD S RGICAL TEACH­ ing Award was recently presented to Allen Le swing , M .D., clinical instructor of or ­ thopaedic , and Philip Wei , M .D., former chief of urgery at Millard Fillmore Ho pita) and linical pr o fe sor of urgery . The award i pre ented annually by the re ident · of Millard Fillmore to tho c in cructor they felt exemplified the be t teaching technique in general surgery and the pecialtie . • DR. PHILIP K. LI, R~EARCH A I TA T profe or of pediatric , visi ted The Peo­ ple' Republic of hina in June, vi iting Beijing Children 's Hospital , the econd Medical College of Beijing , and Inner Mongolia Ho pital. He poke on technical training of lini al laboratory per onnel DR. JOH J. O'BRIE , CLI ICALA 1ST 1' profe or of medicine , retired a director of medical edu ation at 1ercy I Iospital of Buffalo on eptember 30 , a po ition he held for 15 year ·. His career panned 3 ➔ year at Merq Ho pita!. A graduate of t.:B' chool of Medicine , he ompleted hi re idency at Buffalo ' Veteran Hospital in 1950. He recei\'ed numerou awards over the year , in ­ cluding the Fir t merican College of Phy i ian Llpstatc Ph) i ian. Re ognition Award in 19 3. In 198 , a lectern wa donated and named in hi honor by the medical/dental staff of Mercy Ho pital. • DR. BER ICE OBLE , OClATE PROF~ OR of microbiology , was appointed a member of che Immunological Device Panel of the Food and Drug dmini rration , June 1, 198 . • DR. LEO ARDJ. laSCOLEAJR., AS I TA T profe or of microbiology and pediatric , pre ented a eminar entitled " Rapid Diagnosi of Haemophilu lntluenzae In ­ fecIion " at the European ympo ium on Infection of Haemophilu Intluenzae held a1the L'nivcrsity Ho pital of Terra a in pain thi Ma} , • 31 Pearay L. Ogra DR. PEARAY L. OGRA , PROF~ OROF PEDl­ atrics and microbiology, lectured on the " Mucosa! Defen e y tern'' aI the Interna ­ tional Academic Conference in Immuno ­ logy and lmmuno -Pathology on April 11 in the etherland . In 1ay he presented a lecture in Mexico City at the Interna­ tional Meeting of Maternal hild Health Care. • DR. D~IDERA. PRAGAY , CLINICAL OCITE profe · or of biochemisIry, wa- a, arded the omogyu- endroy award during the pstate cw York ection meeting of the American As ociation of linical hemi try on October 19. This award has been given for ten consecutive year to clinical chemist and scienti ts who per­ formed out tanding er vice in their field .• DR. HAROLD0- DOUGLASS , JR. RESEARCH profes or of urgery and Ro well Park re earcher in their urgi al Oncology Department, received a 68 ,100 grant to upport and maintain the re earch ba e of the Ga trointe tinal Tumor tudy Group here. • DR. GI EPPEA. A DR~ , PROF~ OR OF microbiology , wa an invited participan1 at an International ympo ium entitled " Evolu1ion of Renal Disease: Current Knowledge and Per pective " held in Bergamo , Italy , April 16-18. • �ALUMNI Class of 1940 Class of 1930 ''Looki11gforu•m·d to our 55th Reu­ nion Dr. Mary Catalano '30 ·'Our 10tb u·as great. Let's use our •+5th as a good practice n111 to make the 50th perfect." Dr. William Hildebrand '40 Class of 19SO ''ff 's time to reneu• old frie11dsbips. '· D1: Robert J. Patterson '50 Class of 19;; "30 dou•n and 30 to go - Let's get ll'ilh it.I" Dr. John H. Kent '5 5 Dr. Anthony B. Schia v i '55 Class of 193; ''Be sure and put May 4t/J, 1985 on }'Our calendar and come for our ·50th. ee u•ho made it. Bill Bernhoft and I will greet you with a Friday nigbt, May 3rd reception. Let u know 1Jyou have any uggestions." Dr. Kenneth H. Eckhert '35 Class of 194S ''For the 40th An11iuersary of our Graduating Class u·e u•ill hold our 8tb Reunion during Spring Clinical Day. Jtake_vourplan now to return for Ibis auspicious occasion.·· Dr. Herbert E. Jo y ce '45 �ALUMNI MISSING: Your Help Is Needed We need your hdp in locating miss­ ing reunion class members. Please contact the Alumni Office (7168~ 1-2~..,8)if you have information on the alumni listed below . "Let:~ all return for our l 5tb. ' Dr. Rog e r . Da ye r '60 Dr. James Kanski '60 rau • ... rash .. rare . . reacb rise old rememher . . . reneu· refresh .. rejoice you11g again ... D,: Donald P. Copley '70 ''1965 . . 20 years ago ll'e·re changed. BuHalo :\ cba11ged . . . it:'° time to meet again coml! for a u•eekend of nostalgia! Dr. Joseph G. Cardamon e '65 Dr Clarence Atwood Dr Stanfon..l J. Brumley Dr \X tllard Clcn:land Dr . Louis Cowen Dr. Frederick Georgi Dr . John (,losser Dr. ln ·ing Hyman Dr. Kerin P. Lyons Dr . John 11 :'\lcCahc.: Dr Do1m.:111cS. ~kssina Dr Ralph O Conner Dr Lawlor E Quinlan Dr \\ tlliam Rohcnson Dr Rua \I slater 1935 Dr Dr Dr. Dr Dr. Dr 194:0 \X'1lltam R . Case\' Otto B. Geist . Thomas E C,riffin RohL'rt 11 Stein Rolwrt Stm kton I lenr~ S. \X'ol,inczyk Dr \lllton ,\lackay Dr \orman S. ~fanica 194:5 Dr \\ 11liam Pcterson Dr Sigmund Stem 1955 Dr. Edgar Rothcnherg 1960 Dr ~1ark Reagan Dr Barnett alzman Dr Ronald f, Young 1965 Or. Elliott Brender Dr. lien I Fink\ Fole{· Dr. John Dr . Thl'odore J. °ilajl"k Dr. Baris I Lit\ak Dr Joseph \'. ,\lcCarth\' Dr Susan ,\loshman · Dr Daniel Palczvmk1 Dr Joel P Purs11er Dr . AgrH..·s'-,zekeres Dr Howard \X ienl'r 1970 b. ··11opinp, to hal'l! a large turnout of holh in a11d 0111of t01l'n classmates." Dr. Jack Cttkierman '75 33 �ALUMNI Dr Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Mark F. Colman Raymond Dur o Richard Ferreras Sandra Gray Donna Hanlon Eileen Harrison Dr. Patricia Han Dr. Jo eph V. Hender on Dr. Michael A. Lambert Dr. James M. Lewi Dr. John Lovecchio Dr. Margert Piirman Dr. Dianne K. Rapp :1.975 Alumni Ac ­ tivities: (Al left) Alumni President Carmelo S. Armenia {left) and Mrs. Armenia (far right) with friends at Alumni recep­ tion in San Francisco. (Below) Group portratt of Alumni Association board . Standing , left to right: Dr. Franklin Zeplowilz '58 , Dr. Joseph L. Kunz '56 , Dr. Joh11 E. Przyluckl '73, Thomas Smith (Polity Preslde11t) , Dr. Charles J. Tirone '63, Dr. Joh11 A . Richert (Assistant Dean). Seated , left to right: Dr. Robert A. Baumler '52, Dr. Charles]. Ta11ner '43, Dr. Carmelo S. Armenia '49 , Dr.Jane Brady Wile '45, Dr. Frank]. Bolgan '74. '51. Board members not in picture: Dr. Eugene M. S11/livan '63, Dr. orman Chassin '45, Dr. Paul H. Wlerzbieniec �DEATHS DR. GERALD . KAI ER (M' 5) • died after a year-long battle with cancer on July 26 111 Mercy Ho p1tal. He was 35. The Buffalo native recei\·ed numerous chola tic and extracurricular honor in high school. at tht: L·niver ity of Roche ter and at 8. After a two-year fellowship in cardiology, he joined Buffalo ardiology A ociate . He wa known a· a gentle and caring phy ician ~·ho main­ tained courage and dignit) throughout his illne The determina­ tion he exhibited during his illne was the same that helped him build hi career while helping his wife, Dale, through la~ chool. He cherished his time with his two young on , Alan and Jonathan, and loved gardening, oftball, and the Bo ton Red ox. Hi medical partner, Brian DJ\rcy, remember him as "an ex­ ample of ilent, towering trength." Dr Kaiser is al o ·un•ived by his parent., amuel and Jean Kaiser. • DR. JAMES H. GRAY (M'H) • died eptember 23 in Buffalo at the age of ..,3 He earned his bachelor· and medical degree· from the nin:r 1ty of Buffalo, complermg h1 medical degree in 1935. Hee. tabli hed a family practice in pringville from 1935 10 1948 During \Xbrld War 11, from 19"-12to 1945, he was an ir Force flight urgeon. auaming the rank of major. During his er­ vice, Gray received a commendation from President Franklin D Roo. evelt for re. cuing \vounded men from a burning plane m France. As a phy ician in pnngnlle, he helped establi h an oh tetric ervice at Chaffee Hospital, and he also erved a the ·chool doctor Hi daughter, Mrs. Marjorie Burrow of ewfane, aid her father "always made hou e call He was alway a\ailable to peo­ ple and \'-as a caring person who wa · lm·ed by his patients and re pected by hi peer ... She explained that he helped to e tabli h the obstetrical unit at Chaffee becau e, ac that time, he delivered babie at people' house or had the expectant mother tran porced to a hospital JOBuffalo in ca e of complication he aid he felt an obstetrical unit wa needed in outhern Eric County for difficult del1,·enes. In 19➔ 8, he became an industrial phy ician for General Elec­ tric, at the Hanford tomic Work in Ri hland, Wa h From 19 9 to 1955, he wa in family pracuce 111 Friendship, Y., also. erv­ ing a school phy ician and ecretary of the Allegan} ounty Medical oc1ety From 1955 to 1960, Dr. Gray was an indu trial phy ician at Harrison Radiator JOLockport, and from 1962to 19..,, was an examining phy ician for the Workmen' Compensation Board of the tare of New York. He also had a part-time family practice in Ransomville. After retirement, he ~as a part-time taff member at 1he Lockport Memorial Hospital· Emergency Room He wa a member of the AMA; the American A oc1a11onof Industrial Phy ician ; the New York State, Erie, i\iagara and Allegany County medical oc1et1es;and the Lockport Physician As ociat1on. He wa an a\.1d golfer and fi hcrman and pent the winter month in Englewood, Fl. He wa · married to the late Frances Ingraham Grav and the late Helen Orm hy Gray. He was the father 35 of the late Marilyn De.Marchi . ·urviving are daughter , Bets) of i consin, and Maqorie of e\1,, fane; a on Jame· of Maryland, a stepson; brothers, cott of Florida, and Robert of pringville, a ister, Margaret, six grand­ children; a great grand on; and one step grandson • (From Niagara Gaiette, September 25, 1984) DR. 'GE . NAPLES(M'3 1} • died at age 80 on Jul} 21 in his si ter' Amher t,, '.Y. home. A Buffalo native, he served the old E.J Meyer Ho. pital from 1931 to 1935 before joining rhe Army. He served at Veterans AdmJOistration ho pita! around the country before being discharged in 1946 a a Colonel. He opened his practice in 19"-I-,and retired in 1983 becau e of illness. He wa a phy ician a sociated with ECMC, Buffalo eneral, Deaconc , Columbus, Millard Fillmore, heehan Emergency, and \'eterans Administration ho pita) Dr Naples was pre idem of the medical taff at "heehan in 19-r2 and at Columbu in 197➔• He was a member of the national, state and county medical ocietie , the Buffalo Eye Club, and the Resene Officer Associauon H is urvived by two brothers, Chn ty, of Amherst, and Dr R Joseph of orning; and three sisters, Phillipine of Amherst, tella of Kenmore, and Maria, a physician, of Syra use. • ESTHER L. McCA OLES, Ph.D. • renowned for her . cienufi re_earch in animal nutrition, lipid metabolism, and the chemistry of algal polysaccharide , died at the age of 60 re ently at her home in Hamilton, Ontario. Esther McCandle s wa born in Brooklvn ew York and received her Ph D. in animal phy iology, · biochemistry,' and neurology from Cornell L'niversny in 19<i8.From her first post­ do toratc position a assi tam in phy iological chemi try in the Department of Physiology, e~ York ·tate Veterinary College, Cornell L'niversity, he became rese-.irchphysiologi tat the Public Health Re earch lnstllute for Chroni Di. ease, at 'B. Her most rece~t po ition wok her in 1964 to Mc 1a ter niver ity in Hamilton, Oma no, ~ here he was appointed full professor in • the Department of 81olog} in 1969 DR. GOPI ATHKARTHA• 5..,,diedJunt: 18 in Erie Count\' Medical Center. The late re earch profe. sor of biophy ic ~-orked at Roswell Park Memorial ln titute for 25 year as a senior x-rav crystallographer. He wa noted for his analy is of protein stru~­ ture and x-ray dispersion. The native of Kerala tate, India, had been visiting professor at tht: Protein Research In titute m Osaka.Japan fie was al o on the faculty at 1agara lJnivcr it\ ~ftcr receiving his doctorate' from the L'niver ·icy of Madras, India, he pur ued advanced training at the Cavcndi h Laborator\' JOCambridge, England. Following that, he worked at the National Re:earch ouncil, ttawa. Canada, and the Polycechmc Jrn,titute of Brooklyn. He i urvived h} his wife, Indira, four ·ons, Krishnan, Govindan, 1van, and Vijayan; six . i ters and a brother • WILLIAMK. MAJOR(M'43) • died in Waterloo, 6, 198·-I e~ York, on August • �CLASSNOTES 1930's School of Dcntistr). color, 2) human interest. 3) a sequence of three prints. My sequence wa a one-to-one magnification of a reddish golf ball plashing into a bowl of light blue water. I used two electrornc flash units, ct on manual with a tla. h duration of 1/25,000 of a econd; each suc­ cessive dropped ball hn the surface of the water s<:veral micro econds later than the one before it." ~ledicine and 1960's A DRE LA CARI (M'60 ) • re­ ports that his third book, Hematologic ,\,fanifestations of Cbildhood Diseases, has been published by Thicrne-Suanon, Inc. Dr. L.-iscariis professor and chairman of the department of pediatrics at the Medica l ol­ lege of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. 1940's DR. DAVID M. ROWLAND' (M l) • clinical a. i tam profcs. or of radiology, has been named chief of radiology at istcrs Hospital assuming his n<:w post on October I. JOSEPHP. LEMMER (M' 4) • a specialist in rheumatology, has been elected to Fellowship m the American College of Physi­ cians. Dr. Lemmer is a resident of Roanoke. Virginia, and is on the staff of the Lewi -Gale Clinic and Hospital of Salem, Virginia. Francis Ehret DR. FRA Cl EHRET(M'37) • cli nical associate profes or at OB and Sister Hospital allcr­ gi t, retired on July I aftt:r n<.>ar­ ly 44 year on that hospital's medical taff. He intend to continue his work at the allergy clinic but hopes to pend more time playing ten­ nis and go lf and look forward to returning to hi favorite ac­ t Iv ny, horseback riding through the countryside and Joseph Ricotta woods surrounding hi cabin in the BoMon Hill . JO EPHJ.RICO'ITA (M'43) • has been elected chairman of the Buffalo ection of The American College of Obstetri­ cians and Gynecologists. He has just completed three years as vice chairman of this cc­ tion. Dr. Ricotta is a private practitioner in Buffalo. 1970's WILLIAM P.DILW (M'70) • of Lakeview, New York, has been elected vice chairman of the Buffalo <;ection of The Ameri­ can College of Obs tetricians and Gynecologists. Dr Dillon is an associate professor of ob/gyn and the dire.:tor of the di\'ision of maternal-fetal medicine at B. Henry M. Bartkowski JOELH. PA LL(M' I) • clinical HENRY M. BARTKOWSKI (M' 6) • instructor in surgery, was recently elected president of the Buffalo Plastic urgcry oci ·ty. Dr. Jeffrey \k1lman. assistant profe ·sor of surgery, i the new vice president; and Dr. amuel Shatkin (M'58), clinical associate profcs or of surgery, is the new secretary treasurer. David 1950's DR. GERARD T. GUERIOT(M'58) Bernard S. Stell BERNARD. STELL(M'36) • of un City, Arizona, won a Polaro id SLR 680 camera in Polaro id' "Pict ur e Yourself in a Porsche" comest. His picture ~ elected as a fou rt h place w inner from 1,000 fmallsts: "Polaroid had 3 categories. I) • has bt:en elected vice chair­ man of the Rochester ection of the American ollege of Obstetricians and Gynecolo­ gists. Dr. Guerinot'· article on toxic shock syndrome will be published shortly in Spectrum. an international medical jour­ nal. Dr. Guerinot i a clinical asociarc professor of ob/gyn at the 'niver icy of Rochester M. Rowland presented his re ·earch on "Prc­ and Pose-Treatment of Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlu­ sion with the 'low Calcium Channel Antagonist imodi­ pine in the Rat" and "The Ef­ fects of Brain Tissue Storage and Handling Techniques on NMR Relaxation Parameters" at the Sixth Internacional ym­ posium on Brain Edema held in Tokyo, Japan, in ovembcr. Dr Bartkowski is an assi tant profes or of neurosurgery at the University of California at an Francisco. DR. LEWISGRODE (M' ) • was recently appointed as. is­ tam profe or of ophthalmol­ ogy and di rector of the Cornea­ Externa l Disease Service at the Univer. icy of South Florida College of Medicine in Thmpa, Florida 36 �CLASSNOTES COMING SOON 48TH A1 Michael _ AL MEDICAL ALUMNI PRI G CLI ICAL DAY aturday, May 4, 1985 cientific Sessions Exhibits Cla S. Kressner MICHAEi.. KRESI 'ER(M' ) • a sp ciali t in troenterolog, m ' Rochelle 'e\\ York, has been elected 10 Felio\\ hip in 1he Amcnc:m College of Ph> 1 1an Dr Krc.-,ncr "ill be honored during the omoca tion ccn:mony at the College Annual c ion in March 19 5 tockton Kimball Luncheon pouses Program Reunions Watch your mail for more detailed information. ~-~--------------------------------- -------------------------111111 NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY If MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 2210 BUFFALO , N Y. POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE Buffalo Physician 139 Cary Hall 3435 Main Street Buffalo, New York 14214 �THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO 3435 MAIN STREET BUFFALO, NEW YORK 14214 9200032234 0 D 44 BRO ~. ROBERT l• 156 BRA TWOOD ROAD UFFALO Y 14226 ,,....,_ ...... M ._,_...,_. -------------------------------------------------------------LET US HEAR FROM YOU Fill out this card (Please print or type all entries) Year MD Received Name ____ _ Office Address -----------------------------------Home Address -----------------------------------­ If not UB, MD received In Private Practice: In Academic from ------------- Yes D Medicine: Yes D -- No D No ---------------- Specialty _______________________ D Part Time D Full Time _ D School Title._________________ _ Other: Medlcal Society Memberships _____________________________ News: Have you changed positions, published, been involved in civic activities, had honors bestowed, etc.? _______ Please send copies of any publications, research or other original work. _ _ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Physician Magazine Description An account of the resource <em>The Buffalo Physician</em> (formerly the <em>Buffalo Medical Review</em>) was published quarterly by the State University at New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Office of Publications. The magazine informed its alumni, friends and community about the school’s pivotal role in medical education, research and advanced patient care in our region. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. 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Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Copyright 1985 University at Buffalo, State University of New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED</a>. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/4b81d6d34054e0dfd561887e59e0de35.pdf db499bd216e60e8f7aa5e2cdc6ad71fc PDF Text Text e minoritie ~·. . . . .k....""'r Medici �STAFF EXECUTIVE EDITOR, UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS Robert T. Marlett ART DIRECTOR Rebecca Bernstein UNIVERSITY MEDICAL EDITOR Bruce S Kershner PHOTOGRAPHY jim Sulley David S. Ottavio Ed Nowak ADVISORY BOARD Dr john Naughton, Deem School of Medicine Ms. Nancy Glieco Dr. Edwin A. :V1irand Dr john Cudmore Dr. Carmela Armenia Dr. john Fisher Ms. Karen Dryja Mr. john Pulli Dr. Charles Paganelli Dr. james Kanski Dr. Harold Brody Dr. john Wright Dr james Nolan Dr. Maggie Wright Dr Mary Voorhess Mr Ste\e Shivinsky TEACHING HOSPITALS The Buffalo General Children's Deaconess Ene County Medical Center Mercy Millard Fillmore Roswell Park Memorial Institute Sisters of Charity Veterans Administration Medical Center Produced by tbe Dil'ision of Public Affairs, Hany R . jackson, director, in associati011 u ·itb tbe Scbool of .Hedicine. State U1li1·ersity of :Veu• York at Buffalo THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN, (USPS 551-860) December 1984Volume 18, Number 4. Published five times annually: February, May, July, September, December - by the School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14214. Second class postage paid at Buffalo, New York. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to THE BUFFALO PHYSICIAN, 139 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14214. MESSAGE FROM THE D EAN Dear Alumni and Alumnae, The past few weeks and months were active ones for the School of Medicine. President Steven B. Sample, the university's president for the past two and one-half years, completed his university reorganization on August 1, 198-1. William Greiner, professor of law, was appointed Provost, and I was appointed Vice President for Clinical Affairs. I will continue to serve in a dual role maintaining my academic position as Dean of the School of Medicine. Other university administrative officers are Mr. Edward Doty, Vice President for Fiscal Affairs, Dr. Donald Rennie, Vice President for Research and Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education and Mr. Robert Wagner, Vice President for Lniversity ' Services. In my vice presidential role I will report to the President. Its functions include coordination of the clinical affiliation requirements of the university and supervision of the faculty practice plans in the schools of Medicine and Dentistry. I will report to Provost Greiner together with the other university deans in all academic matters. The reorganization has moved smoothly, and it appears that the school's relationships to the university administration have been strengthened significantly. Administrative change occurred in the school as well. Dr. Peter Ostrow moved to Buffalo from the University of Texas at Houston to assume the duties of Associate Dean for Curricular and Administrative Affairs. Peter is a pathologist with a special interest in neuropathology. He is well regarded as a teacher and will bring a required expertise to the needs of our students in the years ahead. Mr. Anthony Campanelli joined the school's staff as Assistant Dean for Fiscal Affairs. He replaces Ms. Bernice Fiedler who served the school faithfully for over 17 years. Mr. Campanelli has had a long experience with the university and will provide strong administrative leadership and support for the departmental chairmen. Dr. Donald Larson has assumed the role of Director of the Office of Clinical Affairs in addition to his duties as Associate Vice President for Clinical Affairs. He will be assisted by Ms. Nancy Glieco, and this office will be responsible for the administrative support of the newly formed Consortium for Graduate Medical and Dental Education, the Faculty Practice Plan and Continuing Medical Education. The above changes and appointments at the uni\·ersity and school levels should provide the necessary support to conduct our academic responsibilities in an effective and meaningful manner, and should serve to clarify the responsibilities for achieving the institution's goals in the areas of medical education, biomedical research, patient care and community service. -john Naughton, M.D. MESSAGE FROM THE POLITY PRESIDENT Dear Fellow Student: One activity we wish to initiate some time in early january is the opening of hypertension clinics in the underserved areas of Erie County. These clinics will be primarily staffed by first and second year medical students with a clinical facult} member present as supervisor. The purpose of this project is two-fold . First, to expose pre-clinical students to the needs and concerns of the underserved and, second, to demonstrate to the local community the desire of medical students and the medical profession to be of sen·ice to them:·tour hope is to see this project continued on an annual basis. Anyone interested in information regarding this or other student activities should call "Murmurs," the telephone information line of the student body at 831-3923 . -Tom Smith President, Polity �BUFFALO HEALT'·i PHYSICIAN 2 . ~J YELLOW FEVER • Thomas Bumbalo recalls how William Crawford Gorgas made medical history ridding a "damp, tropical jungle" of yellow fever, typhus and dysentery during construction of the Panama Canal. 7 CHINA TAKES GIANT LEAP AGAINST PKU • Robert Guthrie, UB professor of pediatrics, is working as rapidly as possible to obtain and send supplies to China of the special infant formula that is essential to prevent brain damage caused by the disease, PKU. 9 has been recognized by the American Crystallographic Association for one of four maJOr advances in that field- development of the mathematical model that determines the threedimensional structures of biologically important molecules. Dr. Hauptman also blends his mathematics with art work, having created 3 5 crystal forms in multi-colored stained glass. U.S. Postal Service Ownership Management and Circulation Statement. Required by 39 U.S.C. 3685. Title of Publication: Buffalo Physician. Publication No. 551860. Date of Filing: 11184. Frequency of Issue: 5 times per year. No. of Issues Published Annually: Five. Annual Subscription Price: Free. Complete Mailing Address of Known OHice of Publication: SUNY/Buffalo, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214. Complete Mailing Address of the Headquarters of General Business OHices of the Publisher: University Publications, 136 Crofts Hall, SUNY/Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260. Editor: Robert Marlett, 136 Crofts Hall, SUNY/Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260. Managing Editor: Bruce Kershner, 136 Crofts Hall, SUNY/Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260. Owner: State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine, 101 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214. Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages or other securities: None. For completion by nonprofit organizations authorized to mail at special rates (Section 423.12 DMM only). The purpose, function, and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for Federal income tax purposes: Has not changed during preceding 12 months. Extent and Nature of Circulation A. Total No. Copies (net press run) B. Paid circulation C. Total Paid Circulation D. Free Distribution by mail carrier or other means E. Total Distribution F. Copies Not Distributed G. Total Average No. Copies Each Issue During Preceding 12 Months Actual No. Copies of Single Issue Published Nearest ·to Filing Date 6100 7500 6000 6435 6000 100 6100 - 6435 565 7500 SI S Bruce Kershner HERBERT HAUPTMAN • RESEARCH • 'Phone-in' program helps reduce heart attack victim mortality rates. Does the quality of social life affect cancer? Dolphins aid in research projects. Loss of smell can suggest brain tumor. 14 MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS • Graduate Medical and Dental Education Consortium formed . Eight minority high school students work in UB labs. Peter Ostrow is new associate dean. 20 HOSPITALS • Children's Lung Center designated Regional Apnea Center. Children's Hospita! installs Sendex computer system. J.E . Stibbards is new administrator at Children's. ECMC dedicates building to David K. Miller. 24 PEOPLE • Maggie Wright: a season of honors. Emanuel Lebenthal wins International Nutrition Prize. Other news of people you know. 30 CLASSNOTES • ews of the Classes. 37 DEATHS • 39 STUDENTS • 138th freshman class includes 82 men, 53 women. UB ranks 19th in percentage of minorities in medical freshman class. 27 COVER ART: David S. Ottavio ��( ~ 7;'/ fi I ' I I YELWW FEVER T JAMAJCA RIBBEAN SEA .ANTIC 0C£AN =_.,~(_ )~ / o more fully appreciate Dr. William Crawford Gorgas' role in the construction of the Panama Canal, we must first visualize the 40-mile Isthmus of Panama, with the city of Colon on the Atlantic side and the city of Panama on the Pacific side. In 1885 James Anthony Froude described the isthumus as "a damp, tropical jungle, intensely hot, swarming with mosquitoes, snakes, alligators, scorpions and centipedes; the home, even as nature made it, of yellow fever, typhus and dysentery." When Ferdinand de Lesseps, the renowned French builder of the Suez Canal, first visited the Isthmus in 1881, M. Le Blanc, a French resident of Panama, warned him of the endless problems he would encounter: "If you try to build this canal, there will not be trees enough on the Isthmus to make crosses for the graves of your labourers.'' During two yellow fever epidemics of the DeLesseps' Universal Interoceanic Canal Company construction period in the 1880's, the burials of canal workers averaged 30-40 a day.1 BY THOMAS S. BUMBAW, M.D., M.Sc. (Med.) / �French attempt ended in a dismal failure, mainly T hebecause of the devastation wrought by yellow fever, malaria, and dysentery plus the De Lesseps' Company fraud and corruption that eventually brought disgrace to De Lesseps and his associaties. In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt, after much soul searching, committed the United States to the completion of the abandoned French Panama Canal Project. The ultimate American success was in great part due to President Roosevelt's appointment of Colonel William Crawford Gorgas, at the insistence of Dr. William Henry Welch of Johns Hopkins, to take charge of the hospitals and sanitary work at Panama. 2 Even at that early date, because of his success in eradicating yellow fever n Havana, Cuba, Dr. Gorgas, a former student of Dr. Welch, was recognized by the medical community as the outstanding authority on tropical medicine. William Crawford Gorgas was born in Alabama on October 3, 1854, the son of a Confederate general and an Alabama governor's daughter.3 On July 15, 1869 he enrolled as a preparatory student at the University of the South. William's early scholastic record at Sewanee left much to be desired. However, motivated by his parents' concern over his study habits, William buckled down to serious study, winning the Alabama Scholarship Gold Medal and a A.B. degree from the University of the South on August 5, 1875. 4 Young Gorgas' greatest ambition was to follow in his father's footsteps and make the military his career. However his attempts to enroll in West Point were unsuccessful even though his father, an alumnus of West Point, appealed to President Grant in William's behalf. When William reached his twenty-first birthday and he no longer was eligible for admission to West Point, he decided to enter the army via the Army Medical Corps. In 1876, at the age of 22, he enrolled in the Bellevue Medical College of ew York City from which he was granted a medical degree in 1879. 5 On one of his early assignments as a young military surgeon at Fort Brown, Texas, on the Rio Grande River, Gorgas contracted yellow fever. His recovery made him immune to the disease and made it possible for him to carry on his long and arduous struggle against yellow fever. Marie Doughty also contracted yellow fever during a visit at Camp Brown. Gorgas' professional attention to Miss Doughty blossomed into a romance and he married her. At that time the etiology of yellow fever was unknown. One of the theories prevalent was that yellow fever was borne by the breezes and was the result of environmental filth. In 1881, the Cuban physician Carlos Finlay belit;ved that the carrier of yellow fever was a small, comparatively noiseless mosquito, the Aedes Aegypti, which at the time was known as the Stegomyia Jasciata. Early in his career Gorgas, together with many other medical professionals, was skeptical of the mosquito's role in transmission of the disease. He, too, believed that yellow fever was a disease of filth and that control of the disease consisted of isolation of the patient, enforced environmental sanitation, and the quarantine of infected localities. Because Gorgas was immune to yellow fever, the army routinely assigned him wherever an outbreak appeared. His clinical expertise in treating patients established him as the top yellow fever expert. In 1898 during the Spanish-American War he was put in charge of the yellow fever camp at Siboney, Cuba. During the Spanish-American War, American soldiers died at the rate of 200 a day, not from enemy action but from yellow fever, malaria, typhoid fever, and dysentery. 7 This high mortality rate from infections prompted the Surgeon General to appoint an American commission of sc_ier:ttists to determine the cause of yellow fever. The commtsston, headed by Walter Reed, included 4 �ed team paid for its success with the life of Lazaer who contracted yellow fever while working with infected mosquitoes. s Dr. Carlos Finlay had earlier allowed his infected laboratory mosquitoes to bite non-immune volunteers. To his chagrin none of the volunteers contracted yellow fever. While Finlay was convinced of the mosquito's role in the transmission of the disease he was unable to scientifically prove it. It was the Reed Commission that finally determined that a period of "extrinsic incubation" existed in the transmission of yellow fever. The Commission proved that the Stegomyia mosquito must bite and suck the blood of a yellow fever patient in the first three days of illness. Then an incubation period of 12 to 20 days must elapse before the infected mosquito can transmit the disease to another victim.5 Late in 1898, Gorgas, now a Major, was ordered to Havana, Cuba, as Chief Sanitary Officer with specific instructions to free Havana of yellow fever. As a result of the Reed Commission's success in proving the mosquito's role in the transmission of the disease, Gorgas, now totally convinced that the Stegomyia mosquito was the culprit, set about with tireless industry to rid Havana of yellow fever. After a meticulous study of the life cycle and bionomics of the Stegomyia, Gorgas detailed his sanitation team to destroy adult mosquitoes by covering all pools and collections of water near all dwellings with a film of oil. All yellow fever patients were isolated behind screens, and mosquito larvae in standing water indoors and outdoors were destroyed by a spray of kerosene. In three months Gorgas freed Havana of yellow fever. n 1902 , it became quite apparent that the U.S. was preparing to take over where the French had failed in the construction of the Panama Canal. Because of Gorgas' success in Havana, he was raised to the rank of Colonel and on March 1, 1904 , was appointed Chief Sanitary Officer of the Panama Canal Project. With his Havana success behind him, Gorgas assumed he would have a free hand in his fight against the diseases that vanquished the French. It was not so. Gorgas soon enough found that he had to contend with unreasonable bureaucratic obstacles and arrogance. As the Chief Sanitary Officer, he was subordinate to the Panama Canal Commission headed by Admiral John G. Walker of the U.S. Navy and other eminent engineers and politicians. Admiral Walker stubbornly refused to believe that mosquitoes played any role in the transmission of yellow fever and malaria. General George W. Davis, the Canal zone governor in offering fatherly advice to Gorgas, told him, ''I'm your friend , and I'm trying to set you right. On the mosquito you are simply wild. All who agree with you are wild. Get the idea out of your head. Yellow fever, as we all know, is caused by filth." 1 A less determined and dedicated man would have surrendered to the bureaucratic pressures. Gorgas, however, became more determined and in 1904 spent valuable time in Washington, D.C. lobbying for support. His persistence led to constant bickering with the Canal's officialdom who recommended to President Roosevelt that Gorgas be replaced as Chief Sanitary Officer. Before taking action, President Roosevelt consulted with Dr. William H. Welch, dean of Johns Hopkins Medical School, who succeeded in convincing the President to retain Gorgas. Roosevelt summoned Theodore Shonts, the Chairman of the Canal Commission, who had recommended Gorgas' dismissal and ordered him, without equivocation, to fully support Gorgas. 1 As a result of this episode, the President promoted Gorgas from Chief Sanitary Officer to a member (At left) Yellow fever patient inside a portable isolated cage. (Above) William C. Gorgas in I 1882. " ~----------------------------~ James Carroll, Jesse W. Lazaer and Aristides Agramonte, a Cuban physician. The Commission's research in confirming the mosquito transmission of yellow fever, using volunteers who were subjected to the bite of infected mosquitoes, resulted in one of the most significant contributions in the history of preventive medicine. This renown- 5 �of the Panama Commission. At Roosevelt's request all health and sanitation functions were placed in the newly created Sanitary Department headed by Gorgas, and the President's intervention won for Gorgas the full support of the Canal officialdom. Now, mosquitoes' breeding places were brought under control, patients were properly isolated, and piped water and faucets were introduced, depriving the mosquitoes of free standing water containers for breeding. Within a relatively short time, yellow fever, for the first time in Panama, was under control. The incidence of malaria was likewide drastically cut by draining swampy land and by covering mosquito breeding sites with oil. With his rather short-sighted reasoning, Goethals transferred essential functions from Gorgas' department resulting in serious delays in sanitation projects. Nonetheless, by this time Gorgas had the support of the scientific communities of the entire world. General Leonard Wood, who was Governor-General of Cuba at that time, said in support of Gorgas, "As the world grows older, a generous measure of the credit for the construction of the Panama Canal will be justly given to William Crawford Gorgas." Never tiring of tackling one major task after another, Gorgas now directed his energies to the task of repairing and refurbishing the two hospitals of the Isthmus. These soon were on a par with the best hospitals in the continental United States. His success is also reflected in the fact that the general mortality rate of the United States in 1914 was twice that of the Canal Zone. 1 y 1908, however, the Canal administration became Bplagued with serious problems and widespread resignations. President Roosevelt and William H. Taft, Secretary of War, decided to create a new commission made up entirely of military personnel who could not leave their posts at will. Colonel George Goethals, a confirmed penny pincher, became the executive head of the 40 000 canal workers when he was appointed Chairman of the Canal Commission and Chief Engineer. Once again Gorgas had to contend with an obstinate adv~rsary whose main goal was to keep costs down, the obvtous forerunner of today's "cost-effective" policies. Goethals particularly aimed his economy barbs at Gorgas and on one occasion scolded the physician with this remark, "Do you know, Gorgas, that every mosquito you kill costs}he l}-S. Government ten dollars?" Gorgas' response was, but JUSt think one of these ten dollar mosquitoes might bite you, and ~hat a loss that would be to the country." 1 With the control of yellow fever, Gorgas now directed all his energy to containing malaria by drawin~ on his Havana experience where he reduced the malana death rate from 564 to 44 yearly within a period of 10 ye~rs. Control of malaria in Panama turned out to be a trymg and formidable task, much more difficult than the control of yellow fever. An attack of yellow fever made the victim immune, if he survived. However, an attack of malaria did not make the patient who survived immune. This phenomenon contributed to a more or les~ constant incidence of malaria. While the female Stegomyta lays her eggs on clean water in and around inhabited dwellit?-gs, the Anopheles mosquito lays her eggs on swampy, dtrty or muddy water anywhere. The heavy equipment, wagons, and horses used in digging the Canal, constantly created ruts, tracks, cracks, and holes that promptly became pools of water - suitable breeding places for the Anopheles mosquito. Fighting the Anopheles became an enormous task. Swamps had to be drained; ruts and holes had to be filled, and concrete drainage ditches had to be constructed. Gorgas' study of the Anopheles mosquito determined that the average flight of the mosquito was about 200 yards. The scrupulous clearing of an area 200 yards around all dwellings of puddles, ditches, tall grass, and flower beds deprived the Anopheles of its breeding beds and so diverted the mosquito's activity to the jungles of Panama. Kerosene poured on all water surfaces instantly destroyed the mosquito larvae. The reward of Gorgas' fight against the Anopheles mosquito was a remarkable reduction of hospital admissions for malaria from 40 per cent in 1906 to 10 per cent in 1913. His other efforts also succeeded in dramatically reducing the incidence of pneumonia. Notwithstanding his success, Gorgas' relationship with Colonel Goethals did not improve. The Colonel insisted that Gorgas' functions were mainly engineering functions. istory records that in 1914, Gorgas, together with H two of his co-workers, made the first unofficial and risky voyage from the Pacific to the Atlantic, not in a seaworthy vessel but in a canoe. The official grand opening of the canal was celebrated on August 15, 1915 with the transit of the steamer Ancon. The cost of digging the canal was staggering in lives and dollars. The combined French and United States cost in dollars was $639,000,000. The cost to the United States alone was $352,000,000. The cost in human life from 1904 when the United States took over the project was 5,609 lives lost to diseases and accidents. The combined death rate of the French and United States projects was 25,000 or 500 deaths for every mile of the canaP 3 Thus the greatest of the seven wonders of American engineering was completed in 1915.9 Recognition and honors were now bestowed on Gorgas. In 1908 the A.M.A. elected him president and honorary degrees were granted by Oxford, the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard, Brown, John Hopkins, and the University of the South, his alma mater. In 1914, while Gorgas was visiting Rhodesia as a consultant, President Wilson appointed him Surgeon General of the United States. While visiting London in 1920 Gorgas suffered a stroke and was hospitalized in the Queen Alexandra Military Hospital on the Thames where he was visited by King George V and presented with the insignia of the most distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George. Gorgas remained in the hospital for four weeks and expired on July 3, 1920. He was honored in death with a royal funeral in London's St. Paul's Cathedral and was buried in Arlington Cemetery amongst other military heroes of America. • Thomas S. Bumbalo is Clinical Professor of PediatricsEmeritus and Medical Director, Erie County Medical CenterRetired. Bibliography I. Gorgas, MD; Hendrick, BJ. William Crawford Gorgas His Life and 1\\Jrk. Garden City: Doubleday and Page, 1924: 140-143. 2 . McCullough, D. The Path Between the Seas, The Creation of the Panama Canal1870-1914. New York: Simon and Schuster, 19TT: 407. 3. Fishbein, M. A History of the American Medical Association 1847-194Z Philadelphia: WB Sanders, 1947: 707-708. 4. Gibson, JM. Physician to the 1\\Jrld, The Life of General William C. Gorgas. Durham: Duke University Press, 1950: 35-37. 5. Christie, A. Medical Conquest of the "Big Ditch': South Medical Journal, 1978: 71:717-723. 6. Kamish, WJ. William Crawford Gorgas 1854-1920. American Journal of Surgery, 1964: 108: 921-922. 7. Bateman, OL. A Pictorial History of Medicine. Springville: Chas. C. Thomas, 1962: 285. 8. Lyons, AS, Petrucelli, RS. Medicine, An 1//ustrated History. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1978: 559. 9 . Windows of the 1\\Jrld. Kansas: Touring Rimes, 1983: 2:1. 6 �Guthrie helps China take giant leap against retardation By Bruce S. Kershner C hina has just taken a giant leap forward in eliminating an important source of mental retardation, through the personal efforts of UB pediatrician Robert Guthrie, M.D., Ph.D. The professor of pediatrics is working as rapidly as possible to obtain and send supplies to China of the special infant formula that is essential to prevent brain damage caused by the disease, PKU. Rarely has there been such a clear and simple solution to a serious medical problem as the Guthrie test for PKU and its special diet treatment. Guthrie is the internationally respected professor who devised the PKU test that has literally saved thousands of children from the anguish of mental retardation. PKU, or phenylketonuria, is the inherited metabolic liver disease that causes severe brain damage if not promptly identified and treated. Upon the invitation of Shanghai pediatrician Dr. Guo Di, Guthrie visited China in March to provide his expertise and contacts to help establish a comprehensive treatment and newborn screening program for PKU infants. The People's Republic of China had no screening of any kind until two years ago, and the current testing program is minuscule compared to the kind of nationwide program that is really needed there. Guthrie points out, however, that even if a successful program of screening tests to detect PKU is established throughout China, it will be tragically ineffective without the diet needed to treat the metabolic disorder. That is why Guthrie is now working both to procure and transport boxes of the special diet formula to the PKU children in China. He is asking assistance from a nationwide network of 35 PKU parents groups, Project Hope, Bristol-Myers (the manufacturer of the special formula), several airline companies, and the U.S., Chinese, and Japanese governments. Furthermore, donations from the public to purchase the special diet would be of great assistance in the effort. Anyone interested in making a donation should contact Sally Bloom at 831-2351 to find out where donations may be sent. One case costs $155 and ten cases per year are needed for each child. China is one of the major countries in the world without an effective PKU program. "I estimate that up to 2,000 babies are born with PKU every year in China," Guthrie relates, "and only 15 have been identified to date. There is enough special diet formula to treat only six of those at this time." infantile PKU program has screened 250,000 China's newborns in 25 hospitals around Shanghai, Peking, and Szechuan province. At that rate, only about one per cent of the newborn in China will be screened each year. Dr. Robert Guthrie: his test for detecting PKU in infants bas meant that at least 12, 000 individuals are growing up normal who otherwise would have been retarded. PHOTO: NOWAK I ! I �The first 1 'h cases of the needed formula were donated by the local PKU parents group while the next ten cases were donated by Bristol-Myers Company. These supplies were sent by diplomatic pouch over the first six months of 1984, but this approach is inherently difficult and slow. The second set of supplies, two cases, was sent to Project Hope headquarters by Dr. Ronald Stein, executive assistant to UB President Steven Sample, with the cooperation of Congressman Jack Kemp. Guthrie currently has a commitment by Project Hope to send most of the remaining cases that are needed. With only 15 known PKU children in China, 150 cases or so would be needed over the next 12 months. Ironically, establishing a successful screening program also means a much greater demand for the special diet. The 15 identified PKU children are literally only the "tip of the iceberg," and increased testing will greatly increase the number of Chinese infants known to have the disease, Guthrie points out. The urgency of getting special formula to China, Guthrie emphasizes, "is because the retardation process begins at birth. Without treatment roughly one-half of a child's intelligence is lost within the first year; another 25 per cent is lost within the second year." Every month Dr. Guo Di, director of the Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research , learned about Guthrie and his test from Japanese contacts. He invited Guthrie to China in 1981, but despite several attempts, Guthrie was not able to arrange a visit until last spring. Dr. Rui Chen, in the meantime, had spent two years in training at the Los Angeles Children's Hospital where there is an intensive program of research and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism, such as PKU. Dr. Chen met Dr. Guthrie there. Following his training, Chen and Dr. Guo Di initiated the first PKU screening in China. "I didn't know how tough it was for the Chinese doctors to invite me," Guthrie comments. "Not only is it difficult and slow to obtain approval from the Chinese government, but it is also very expensive for the Chinese hosts. I learned that, for every day I was there, it cost the equivalent of one month's salary for one doctor." J apan, the first Asian co~ntry to te_st for PKU, now has the most comprehenstve screenmg program in the world. Taiwan and French Polynesia are other countries in that region that have initiated PKU programs. Only two states in the U.S. do not have a legally mandated screening program. New York State's program for PKU is "very good," according to Dr. Guthrie. About 100 PKU patients are associated with the Robert Warner Children's Rehabilitation Center in Buffalo while a smaller number exists in Rochester. The Guthrie test, developed by the UB professor in 1961, uses a drop or two of blood taken from a baby's heel and analyzes it in a laboratory. Now a standard test in hospital nurseries, it is mandated by law in 48 states and is used in over 30 countries. The Guthrie test can identify the estimated one of every 10,000 infants who has the hereditary disease. More than 100 million babies have received Guthrie tests since they were devised two decades ago. This means that at least 12,000 people throughout the world are growing up normal who would have otherwise been retarded. Since Guthrie initially developed the test for PKU, he and his associates have devised 30 additional tests for a number of other newborn diseases. The analyses associated with the Guthrie tests can detect, for example, sickle cell disease, as well as galactosemia, a fatal defect in sugar metabolism, and congenital hypothyroidism, an absence of thyroid hormone that produces cretinism. One in 500 babies of African descent is born with sickle cell disease, while one in 4000 to 5000 babies is born with congenital hypothyroidism and one in 50,000 has galactosemia. Guthrie's interest in mental retardation is not incidental; one of his six children and a niece who has untreated PKU are retarded. Guthrie, 68 , has lobbied for years for the mentally retarded. For the past 14 years, he's been a part of a national effort to get people to realize that lead poisoning affects one out of every 25 children in the U.S. The problem is not restricted to black children, since one of his studies showed that 0.7 per cent of suburban and rural children had lead poisoning, some at alarmingly high rates. Last November, Guthrie was the recipient of one of the highest awards of the National Association of Retarded Citizens. A recipient of numerous other awards, he shares his expertise as a consultant to agencies in the U.S. and as far away as New Zealand. A resident of Williamsville, he is also director of UB's Biochemical Genetics Laboratory and a professor of microbiology. • "Every days delay in getting the special formula means a loss of potential for nine children with PKUn of delay means a loss of potential for the nine children known to have PKU in China who are not currently receiving the special diet. This does not account for all the future children who will be diagnosed with the disease as the PKU testing program becomes established. "Sending PKU diet to China is only a stop-gap approach," Guthrie explains. "What we are really hoping for is that China will become self-sufficient in producing the special formula." He estimates it will take a Shanghai pharmaceutical company 1 'h to two years to produce sufficient quantities to meet the growing demand. The special infant diet is a mixture of pure amino acids derived by digesting milk casein with enzymes to separate it into individual components. Charcoal is used to remove the phenylalanine, which causes the metabolic disease, and the other missing amino acids are added back. A minimal amount of phenylalanine from milk is also added because even PKU patients require a small amount . Phenylalanine blood concentration must be measured regularly, however, to account for individual variation. Little is known about dietary requirements of adults with PKU. Many adults with PKU probably must remain on a phenylalanine-low diet, while some may remain healthy on a normal diet. More research is needed to clarify the matter. An adult diet permits the consumption of any food that does not contain protein, since all protein contains approximately 5 per cent phenylalanine. Protein is suppled by consumption of the special diet together with controlled, measured quantities of proteincontaining foods. 8 �ERT MAN: �T he multi-faceted stained glass crystal art objects that break up the sunlight in the display case bear a striking and ironic resemblance to the life and career of their multi-faceted creator, Dr. Herbert Hauptman. Nationally recognized pioneer in crystallography, mathematician, UB Medical School professor and artist, Dr. Hauptman also serves as executive and research director of the Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Inc. (See accompanying article on Hauptman's art). The UB research professor of biophysical sciences was honored May 21 with one of the highest awards in his field. He received the A.L. Patterson Award, the second to be given by the American Crystallographic Association. The award, presented at the group's annual meeting in Lexington, Kentucky, recognizes outstanding research and significant contributions to understanding the structure of matter by diffraction methods. months earlier, in the January 1984 issue of Physics F our Today, Hauptman was singled out for praise for being from only one or two protein crystals, thereby reducing both preparation and data collection time. "Although we've tested the formulas and feel confident they will work," he said, "we're cautious about proclaiming success until the final tests are done - until we've used them to find the structure of an unknown protein." Dr. Hauptman and his colleagues are also experimenting with fusing other methods to improve the techniques further. "However, this research is still at an early stage," Hauptman explains. "We have not yet applied it to unknown structures - this is still five to ten years off." X-ray diffraction provides the data required for analysis by Hauptman's methods. "When a single wave-length Xray beam is projected on a crystal, it is scattered (diffracted) in thousands of directions. This X-ray diffraction pattern is automatically recorded by a computerized diffractometer or on photographic film . The direction and intensity of the beams, using the formulas, enable us to determine the structure of the crystal," he clarified. The phasing technique solves the structures by comparing two or more diffraction patterns obtained by varying the number and position of atoms not properly belonging to the structure, but intentionally added to produce small changes in the diffraction intensities. During and before the 1950's, solving the molecular structure of chemicals with as few as 10 atoms was a difficult challenge. Most organic molecules, because of their complexity, were not solvable. Though highly sophisticated, these methods were largely based on trial and error, as much an art as a science. As described in the Medical Foundation of Buffalo's quarterly, Impact, "The scientist would make an educated guess about the structure, then test his hypothetical model to see if it fit the data he collected. A direct approach, that is, calculating the structure directly from the data, was viewed as impossible. Due to certain missing elements, the data were considered inadequate for such an approach. This was called the 'phase problem' in crystallography." But Dr. Hauptman believed that the phase problem could be solved. He was then a graduate student at the University of Maryland and also a scientist with the Naval Research Lab in the early to mid-1950's. With his strong grounding in higher mathematics, he not only formulated the phase problem into mathematical terms within five years, but he also solved it. "The reaction from the scientific establishment was disbelief. Papers were published showing the solution was no more than a minor improvement over current methods. Harsh criticism and even open hostility greeted Herb's presentations at scientific meetings," according to responsible for one of the four major advances in the field of crystallography. Physics Today is the magazine of The American Institute of Physics. The scientific advance for which Dr. Hauptman was honored is the mathematical method that he developed in the 1950's that determines the three-dimensional structures of biologically important molecules such as hormones, vitamins, antibiotics, and other drugs. Using X-ray diffraction, his Direct Methods approach assists scientists to understand the biological and chemical processes at work in nature. It also sheds light on why drugs work the way they do and yields knowledge that leads to more effective disease-controlling drugs and drugs with fewer side effects. "These methods are allowing us to design drugs in a systematic way, unlike the trial and error methods that have traditionally been necessary," the professor elucidated. Hauptman and his colleagues at the Medical Foundation of Buffalo have become the leading authority on identifying ways to modify and refine steroids, including cortisones. Research leading to improvements in digitalis and thyroid hormones is now in progress. Other future work to determine the mechanism of antibiotics and ionophores is planned. The latest improvements in the techniques may facilitate the solution of DNA structures in the future. Though Hauptman's Direct Methods approach greatly improved scientists' abilities to identify the structures of smaller molecules of 60 to 100 atoms, the method has not been effective for solving large structures such as proteins and other macromolecules with hundreds, thousands or more atoms. Proteins in particular are highly sensitive and don't crystallize easily. The requirements for multiple crystals have frustrated researchers for years. Even if good crystals can be obtained, solving the structure usually means one to two years of work. Hauptman set to work on solving the problem S ofo Dr.determining macro-molecule structures. By 1981, he developed a new technique that fuses the Direct Methods approach with two existing methods to speed the study of protein structures and advance a wide range of disease research projects. Physics Today Oanuary 1984) reports that Hauptman's newest advance "could be a major improvement in the strength and convenience of the phasing techniques for very large structures." The newest approach combines the Direct Methods with Isomorphous Replacement and Anomalous Dispersion Techniques. The combined procedure requires data 10 �Hauptman remembers when , as a child of five in the Bronx, he became interested in math at the same time he was learning to read. He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in mathematics in the late 1930's from City College and Columbia University, respectively. After various technical positions in the military during and shortly after World War II, he joined the Naval Research Laboratory as a physicist-mathematician in 1947. It was there that he researched and published some 20 scientific papers that led to the mathematical solution for which he is so well known today. After he received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Maryland in 1955, he joined their faculty on a part-time basis. His primary research continued at the Naval Research Lab where, beginning in 1965, he directed various divisions and branches until 1970. He was then asked by a professional colleague, Dorita Norton, to join the Medical Foundation of Buffalo. She was a UB research associate professor of biophysical sciences at Roswell Park and research director of the Medical Foundation. ''After 23 years with the Naval Research Lab, it was a difficult decision to leave. But the Navy had at that time decided it wanted its research activities to be more directly defense-related. Those pressures made the difference. I left for Buffalo," he commented. He pointed out that the change from military to medical was "quite refreshing." Then, he added, " Besides, I am interested in peaceful pursuits, not in making weapons. I detest military applications of scientific research - I'm lucky to have had the choice." Thus the unexpected formal transition from math to medicine was made. The same year that he joined the Medical Foundation, he joined the faculty of the School of Medicine. Besides research and teaching, his involvement has included various committees. He has been with the Foundation and UB now for 14 years. Dr. Hauptman took over administration of the Foundation in 1972 following the untimely death of Dr. Norton. Although administration was not his chosen calling, Dr. Hauptman deserves much of the credit for the international respect which the Foundation's research program now enjoys. The Medical Foundation's only work is basic biomedical research. With a staff of 25 Ph .D. scientists, its 15-member molecular biophysics group is possibly the largest in the country. The independent, non-profit institute conducts research on hormone-related disorders, including cancer, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, birth defects, and related problems. " Though its primary responsibility is not teaching, courses are taught by its members. In fact , about a third of the staff have UB appointments," Hauptman said. Author of two books and 135 scientific articles and chapters, Dr. Hauptman has been honored with many other awards and distinctions. Further testing of the new methods and development of new computer programs are being carried out by Dr. Charles Weeks and Mr. Steven Potter at the Foundation . Dr. Hauptman also sees the opportunity to further improve the method through additional theoretical work. Since work on his newest technique was released , Dr. Hauptman has received numerous invitations to lecture on the method. He recently completed trips to Israel, Italy, France and India, touring labs and discussing his work. Today, Dr. Hauptman's direct methods are routinely used to solve thousands of complicated molecular structures. • Model of an actual crystal constructed by Dr. Hauptman. (For his artistic crystal forms, see pages 9 & 13). the quarterly of the Medical Foundation of Buffalo. Dr. Hauptman added , " Part of the reason for the resistance from the crystallography establishment was that the earlier crystallographers did not have a mathematical background." And while he claimed that he had solved a major problem in the discipline, Hauptman actually had no academic training in crystallography. What Dr. Hauptman had solved in 1958 was the " unsolvable" structure of colemanite, a natural 12-atom hydrous calcium borate - something never done before. not until Hauptman's method was used by others I ttowasrepeatedly solve complex structures that it became accepted, 15 or so years after he devised it. Dr. Hauptman related the story of how Seymour Geller, a wellknown crystallographer, told Hauptman that if he could solve a certain complex structure with his formulas, then Geller would be convinced . This did , in fact, take place. " In the late 1960's, Drs. Isabella and Jerome Karle set up their own X-ray diffraction equipment to apply the methods," he recalled. ''After solving dozens of structures at the Naval Research Lab, the final skepticism was removed." The collaboration between Dr. Karle and Dr. Hauptman led to their joint selection as recipients of the prestigious Patterson Award. ll �DOCTORS IN THE ARTS M Melding mathematics and the arts Known for his pioneering in crystallography, he also does a bit of pioneering in his art. He experiments with packing spheres, marble-like glass balls, into the various shaped objects. Packing the spheres into the crystals without any spaces or looseness is not as simple as it sounds. Gingerly holding one striking piece, he comments, " This one for example has 561 spheres inside. It is not filled in a random way but in a very definite order. This purple polyhedron has 923 spheres of two different sizes. You just cannot tightly pack spheres of a single size into an icosahedron (20-sided figure) . You have to have two different sized spheres in a very precise order and ratio." He explains the significance of the spheres-in-crystals. ''The idea of packing spheres into solid geometric figures is a whole new field - I am not aware of anyone else doing this type of thing, even from a mathematical standpoint." The reason why this has not been done before quickly became apparent . " It was a real challenge to fill the polyhedron with 923 balls. First, it had to be balanced on its point rather than on its base," he explained. He had to remove the several-faceted "cap", and fill the rest of the structure according to a very definite and precise strategy. "The hardest part was to fill the spheres to the top and , without letting any roll off, I had to quickly fit the cap on before the whole structure collapsed," he related. The 15-inch-high piece is now in a perfect equilibrium state. It took Dr. Hauptman about 40 hours to mathematically figure out the strategy - and only one hour to fill it . One may wonder how a mathematician makes the transition to art. Hauptman, however, is no stranger to the idea of fusing apparently different fields. Early in his career, he merged his mathematical talents with crystallography; when he came to Buffalo, he applied mathematics to medicine (see accompanying article). The intermingling of math and art started in his teenage years. " I always had an interest in shapes. I started first by making cardboard models of crystals," he recalled. About four years ago, one of the women at the Medical Foundation invited Hauptman to join her in an adult education class on stained glass making. " It occurred to me that making polyhedra out of stained glass would be more attractive than just painted cardboard models. They offered the possibility of looking into them. Their transparency was an opportunity to make the stellated forms in a meaningful way so you could see how the stellated form arose from the inner geometrical shape," he said. " Glass gives them a different effect they 're airier and lighter and more colorful." The 67-year-old Snyder resident finds the art possibilities limitless. Examining a large mounted cardboard polyhedron, he remarks, " This one has 59 stellated forms . It would be nice to make all of them but I don't think I'll live long enough to do all the things I want to do.'' • athematics and art are generally considered to be at opposite poles, but for Herbert Hauptman, Ph .D., melding math and art is only natural. The UB research professor of biophysics creates during his private time stunning crystal forms of multi-colored stained glass that are actually precise representations of geometrically complex shapes. The mathematician-artist displays some of his favorite pieces on large glass shelves in front of his living room picture window. ''All art is but an imitation of nature" - this 2,000year-old quote by Seneca clearly applies to Hauptman's crystal forms , many of which exist naturally as minerals, drugs , and other chemicals. With crystallography being the primary focus of his professional work , " my art is simply a natural outgrowth of my career interest," he commented. Pointing to the glistening, pointed glass objects, he added , "You can see that mathematics and art do have a lot in common." Dr. Hauptman has created about 35 pieces to date. They include the five basic geometric forms and also more complex stellated examples, those that are extended into star-like forms . He has green and blue pyramid-shaped objects, pastel-colored octahedra (8-sided figures) and their stellated forms , multi-colored dodecahedra (shapes with 12 equal rhombic or pentagonal faces) and airy pieces with star-shaped cutouts in each facet. The first public display of his work was last March in the J .C. Mazur Gallery at the Polish Community Center in Buffalo. His work was featured next to that of an internationally respected and award-winning Turkish painter. One wonders how he has the time to "<Vork on his art, with his busy role as executive and research director of the Medical Foundation of Buffalo. Because of his administrative commitments, the nationally respected crystallographer does much of his research during odd hours away from the office. He also finds time to devote to his family and still manages to spend an hour or so most evenings on his art. " I construct the forms in my basement while I listen to the melodies of Bach, Haydn and Beethoven," he remarked. " It takes about 15 to 20 hours to create the smaller pieces, and up to 100 hours to produce the most difficult ones." One shape, made of two interlocking tetrahedra or four-sided shapes, is composed of 48 separate pieces of stained glass. "Considerable time is spent figuring out the precise angles of the bevels," he explains. Grinding them to a knife edge, he emphasizes that " they have to be within a fraction of an inch or they won't fit together. A sound mathematical knowledge is required to produce the figures " - it can't be done by just anyone. Remarking about one of the photographs accompanying this article, Hauptman mused , " Now there's something that 's fascinating: a two-dimensional projection of a threedimensional projection of a four-dimensional cube." By Bruce S. Kershner 12 ��RESEARCH Phone-in program aids heart victims A By Marmie Houchens 50 per cent reduction in the death rate of heart attack victims now appears possible because of a research project at Buffalo General Hospital , headed by UB clinical assistant professor of medicine, Dr. John Visco. The area's largest health care institution is one of three hospitals in the country participating in the international project , called the Early Heart Attack Program. Now 90 per cent complete and in its fifth year, it is studying whether early intervention can reduce the staggeringly high mortality rate among heart attack victims. A 1983 report claims that 350,000 Americans die each year of heart attacks before reaching the hospital. 1n half of those deaths, the cause is believed to be from irregular heart rhythm , which can be treated quickly and safely with the injection of a stabilizing drug. With the Early Heart Attack Program (EHAP), you can phone in your heart attack and receive immediate life-saving help. The innovative program , housed in the Echocardiography Department at Buffalo General Hospital (BGH), is nothing to be taken lightly. It saves lives and gives heart attack patients something they never believed they would have again peace of mind. The operation and success of the program is so simple it is ingenious. Patients suspecting they are having a heart attack call a hot line number, and by using a CardioBeeper, specifically designed for the program , they send their electrocardiogram over the telephone. At the CCU unit trained nurses analyze the EKG strip on the spot. They then consult the patient on emergency in-home medical treatment , and within minutes a rescue squad brings the patient to the hospital. The goal of the program is to reduce the staggeringly high mortality rate of heart attack victims. According to Sandra Van Every, RN , EHAP coordinator, some 350 ,000 people in the United States die each year of heart attacks before reaching a hospital. In two out of three cases, the cause of death is sudden cardiac arrest , usually from ventricular fibrillation. The EHAP equips patients with a prefilled, auto-injectable syringe, called a LidoPen , so they can self administer lidocaine, a life-saving drug that stabilizes abnormal heart rhythm. nother advantage of the program is A that it encourages patients to seek immediate medical advice when symptoms of heart failure first occur. Mrs. Van Every points out that patient delay and denial is the weak link in the health care system which often leads to· fatalities . " When symptoms are noticed, patients are reluctant to call the doctor because they are uncomfortable calling at odd hours or because they deny possible consequences of their pain . The Early Heart Attack Program provides faster access into the medical system as well as immediate lifesaving treatment ," she commented . The EHAP is in its fifth year of operation at Buffalo General. It is a research study of former heart attack patients to determine if pre-hospital treatment can reduce the mortality rate. In addition to the emergency aspect of the program , another factor that is saving lives is a closer monitoring of heart patterns by more frequent checkups conducted over the phone with the Beeper system. " This additional information keeps 14 physicians informed of any significant change in heart patterns or rhythms and makes rapid clinical help available," said Mrs. Van Every. Approximately 900 of a targeted 1,000 patients have participated in the research study, sponsored and funded by Survival Technology, Inc. of Bethesda, Maryland. This includes patients at BGH ; Rhode Island Hospital ; and Duke University Medical Center and Durham County Hospital , Durham , North Carolina. Visco, cardiologist and medical diD r.rector of the EHAP, worked with Stanley Sarnoff, M.D. to establish the program . Dr. Sarnoff, founder of the internationally acclaimed Survival Technology, Inc., designed the CardioBeeper and the LidoPen . The syringe is adapted from his development of the AtroPen used for military purposes. In the research project , cardiac patients, divided into a control group (those following routine cardiac rehabilitation) and the systems group (those using the CardioBeeper system), are followed for one year after their discharge from the hospital. In addition to saving lives, a psychosocial survey, conducted with the study, points out that the system patients �RESEARCH have less emotional trauma, due largely to reduced fear of handling recurrent heart attacks. Another aspect of the program that promotes mental and emotional well being is their slow weaning from hospitalization . " It makes me feel very good that the staff is still interested in me after a year. I think because of their concern , my recovery was faster. And because of the Beeper- my security blanket- I don't have any fear," said Vietta Dixon, 68. Dr. Visco believes the emotional support provided by the program through its medical consultation and warm counseling promotes a speedier recovery, quicker return to work as well as social situations, and a faster reconstruction of a normal lifestyle. Much of this is credited to the alleviation of depression and stress in patients' lives. "I didn't realize how great this program was until I needed it . .. It is a great comfort ," one patient said. Final results of the EHAP will be completed by next summer. At that time, BGH will have the option of implementing the program on a full scale. Staff and patients are hopeful that the program will be continued . When it was devised , its hope was saving lives. The program does much more than offer survival. It provides a way for heart attack victims to again live a productive life without the oppressive fear of not being able to get help in the event of another heart attack. Aid is just a phone call away. • (Reprinted from "Pulsebeat':) Buffalo General's Does social life impact on cancer? By Catherine Kunz I t has long been suspected that social life might have a direct, determining impact on the course of cancer. In a recent study published in Cancer magazine, Drs. )ames Marshall and Donna Funch of the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, deal with this im- portant and current issue. Dr. Marshall is an associate professor and Dr. Funch is an assistant professor. In this research , Marshall and Funch examine the impact of several aspects of social life on the length of survival of women with breast cancer. The original data for the study were collected on 352 women who began treatment for breast cancer at Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1958 and 1960. Each patient was asked about the occurrence of several traumatic events in the five-year period �RESEARCH preceding her first recogmuon of the symptoms that led to a diagnosis of breast cancer. Information was collected concerning the number of "stressful life events " - deaths, serious illnesses, and divorces that occurred in her household in the five years before she became ill. The respondent was also asked certain questions about her "social environment" - the extensiveness of her social involvement and the social support available from persons within her social sphere. Social involvement was represented by the respondent's acquaintances and relatives, the number of non-religious and religious meetings she usually attended, and her status as married , rather than divorced , widowed, separated , or never married . These data were originally gathered for use in another study which dealt with the relationship between social trauma and breast cancer. Using the New York State Tumor Registry, which records cancer patient deaths in New York State, Marshall and Funch determined that of the 352 patients surveyed for this study, 283 had died . This study dealt with the survival time of only these 283 patients. According to the study, younger women exhibited a stronger link between the extent of their social involvement and level of stress and the length of their survival. Women who experienced a low level of stress and high level of involvement , prior to the illness, survived longer than women with high stress levels and less extensive support networks. Among older women, however, there was little evidence of any pattern associating survival with social stress and /or involvement. Marshall urged caution regarding the implications of this study, pointing out that some of the factors that appear to support a link between social environment and survival may result from other side-effects of the social environment. Women with more extensive support networks may be more apt to comply strictly with the necessary regimens - they may be more likely to seek earlier medical attention. Marshall acknowledges both of these as possibilities. The single, most powerful predictor of survival is still how early the disease is diagnosed. Might it be possible for social stress and support to be translated through percep- tion into processes that alter the cellular chemistry of breast cancer? Even with these findings, Marshall is skeptical. "We would like to think that , by some act of will , we could have some influence on the disease process. I'm not sure we can ." He calls attention to several limitations in this study which might have affected the findings. Firstly, Marshall and Funch studied women who died, not women who survived . While survival rate would presumably be influenced if the characteristics studied had any overwhelming impact on the likelihood of recovery, it is not known if this could have affected the outcome in some as yet unknown way. Secondly, the data may be limited in their ability to provide information regarding the emotional experiences of the subject. A full understanding of the role of social stress and involvement is necessarily related to the meaning of stress and involvement to that individual , Marshall and Funch believe. The data provide little information about the stressfulness of traumatic events, nor was the patient's level of social involvement necessarily an accurate representation of the support that she actually received in her life. Furthermore, the health status of the respondent may have colored her response to questions dealing with subjective facets of social life and experience. Finally, Marshall points out that this study considered only the quantity of survival. For a cancer patient , the quality of survival may be of equal or even greater importance. While stressful events and the extensiveness of one's support network may not have a direct physiological effect on the course of breast cancer, they affect one's ability to deal emotionally with the disease. Regardless of impact on long-term survival , social support greatly increases the quality of a cancer patient's short-term survival. "Clearly, these findings raise no questions as to the need of cancer patients for a supportive environment ," commented Marshall. Despite the inconclusiveness of Marshall and Funch's findings, it is their hope that these fmdings may help to inform the debate over the impact of social-psychological conditions on the course of cancer. • 16 Dolphins may offer clues in research By Mary Beth Spina P erpetually "smiling" dolphins whose skill and antics amuse audiences at the Niagara Falls (NY) Aquarium are "starring" in research which promises to unravel mysteries of marine life to the benefit of both humans and sea creatures. The surface of the playful dolphin's skin, a subject of interest to UB/Arvin Calspan researcher Dr. Robert Baier, exhibits special qualities which , if translated successfully in the laboratory, may lead to cleaner ocean environments, materials to prevent plaque buildup on human teeth , and a way to prevent atherosclerosis in humans. "One of the most unique qualities of these animals' skin is that it virtually repels any materials - on land or in the sea - which attempt to stick to it ," says Dr. Baier. A drop of oil, placed upon the skin, for instance, will "bead" rather than adhere. Ship bottoms, on the other hand , except those painted with the most poisonous state-of-the-art resins, consistently "collect" barnacles and other living materials from sea water which erode the surface paint. The fouling marine environment also puts a bacterial, slime film on even poisonous paint surfaces. Human teeth , not unlike the paint on the ship, "collect" bacteria and food particles which strongly adhere to them to form plaque, a living film which contributes to major dental diseases in children and adults. Ongoing studies by Dr. Baier and his colleagues and others at the University of Lund (Sweden) Dental School show that, unlike the topmost layer of human skin , the skin of a dolphin has a low drag, slippery surface much like that found on the inside surface of the human cheek. The human mucosal surface, like that of the dolphins ' skin , has a tremendous capacity to resist adherence of fouling materials with which it comes in contact. Using anatomical, histopathological , electron microscopic, and surface chemical measurements of the sea animals ' skin , taken during routine �RESEARCH routine medical examinations at the Niagara Falls Aquarium and blood drawn from dolphins in their natural habitat, the three have found that the antibody reacts against the antigenic determinants on the human white B cells associated with some leukemias. Although the UB/RPMI research team believes it will be some time in the future before the dolphin antibodies could be used to aid diagnosis of human blood disease, the absence of these proteins in the animals could be a signal of disease in the dolphin . • medical examinations, Dr. Baier believes that the secret of the dolphin epidermis can be found and may provide answers to a variety of questions. "By being able to formulate paints which will naturally resist fouling materials in seawater, and thus prevent erosion which causes state-of-the-art toxic chemicals to disperse in the oceans, we can subject the marine environment to less human pollution ," Dr. Baier theorizes. The information gained from the "good goop" which composes the dolphin's skin outermost layer may also lead to improved products to minimize disease-causing plaque on human teeth . "When people refer jokingly to escaping disaster by 'the skin of their teeth' they probably are unaware that there really is skin covering the teeth," Dr. Baier points out. But it is this very skin which actually appears to allow materials in the mouth to gather and collectively cause dental disease. Human blood vessels and arteries also appear to have a tendency in most people to bind lipids such as cholesterol, causing them to accumulate in a potentially deadly progression which eventually can block vital blood flow. Here again , the secrets of dolphin skin may also be valuable. Dr. Baier and his associate, Anne Meyer, who perfected a surface chemistry technique which allowed blood to flow freely over plastic surfaces used in the artificial heart , believe that information gained from dolphin skin may someday be critical in developing ways to prevent the buildup of plaque associated with atherosclerosis. Loss of smell can suggest a tumor By Catherine Kunz L hile Dr. Baier and his associates are W scrutinizing the skin of the "smiling," lively animals, another group of scientists at UB and Roswell Park Memorial Institute are focusing on the blood of the dolphin . Drs. Dennis Hohn and Roger Cunningham, associate professor at UB, in collaboration with RPMI's Dr. Elias Cohen , have found an antibody, present in the blood of both wild and captured dolphins, which may have potential as a reagent in testing for certain types of human leukemias. Using dolphin blood drawn during Both magnified 500X, skin of porpoise dorsal fin (center) looks similar to inside of human cheek (bottom). Top, a section of human skin magnified 50X. 17 oss of the sense of smell that lasts months may be the first sign of a certain type of brain tumor, says Dr. Louis Bakay of UB's Department of · eurosurgery in a recent report published in the journal of the American Medical Association and discussed in approximately 75 other publications. Although the benign, slow-growing intracranial tumors called olfactory meningiomas represent fewer than five per cent of all brain tumors, they are, unfortunately, rarely diagnosed in time and can lead to serious dementia and loss of vision . Early diagnosis, however, can be made if doctors recognize and act upon the first clinical symptom of the tumor, a reduction in the sense of smell leading eventually to complete "anosmia," or loss of the olfactory sense. This anosmia may remain the only neurological deficit for years until the tumor becomes large enough to cause loss of intellectual functions or vision . "When an olfactory meningioma is small , removal is not a large problem ," says Bakay. " If it is allowed to become large, then it presents a problem and, if not removed, can result in death ." Although it is important to take appropriate diagnostic measures at a time when a patient's only complaint is anosmia, Bakay notes a reluctance in both patients and physicians to attach to the loss of the sense of smell the importance that it demands. " Very frequently, pa- �RESEARCH Computed tomographic scan of an olfactory meningoma of average size. tients don't even mention their loss of smell to a doctor," observes Bakay. While patients often neglect to complain about the loss of their sense of smell , physicians all too often dismiss what complaints they do receive as trivial. Bakay stresses that, while a loss of this sense is a fairly common occurrence and only rarely results from a brain tumor, physicians should keep an olfactory meningioma in mind as a possible cause. Acquired , organic loss of the sense of smell can be caused by a variety of conditions. The common cold, various types of rhinitis and sinusitis, polyposis, nasal operations, and injuries can all result in anosmia . In the great majority of such causations, however, the condition is not permanent, although the return of the sense of smell may take many months. If, however, the olfactory sense does not return and no explanation can be found , further diagnostic measures are imperative, Bakay points out. While anosmia is generally considered a minor disability, in reality, it is not. Not only does it interfere with the full enjoyment of life, it is professionally disabling to such people as chefs, perfumers and tobacco blenders and can prove dangerous to workers employed in the chemical industry or housewives unable to smell escaping gas in the kitchen. Computed tomographic scan of very large tumor. "Some patients don't realize that they don't have their sense of smell until they are almost killed by a gas leak," says Bakay. B ecause of the insidious onset of the disease, it is difficult to diagnose an olfactory meningioma in its earlier stages if the loss of the sense of smell is overlooked. In the past , diagnosis and particularly the estimation of the size of olfactory meningiomas were difficult. Skull films , carotid angiography and radionuclide imaging were all used in diagnosis but proved inadequate or too intensive for routine screenings. Many patients were treated for prolonged periods under false diagnoses , including psychosis or senile dementia, primary eye disorders, chronic sinusitis, stroke, and epilepsy. An undiagnosed or improperly diagnosed olfactory meningioma may result in mental illness of many years ' duration . Many conditions in Bakay's study were treated as being dementia and were reevaluated only because of the patients' severe headaches or visual deterioration. Two of these patients were on the verge of being committed to mental institutions. A third had been a long-term inmate of a mental institution and had been seen by a neurologist only when it became obvious that the patient was go- 18 ing blind. A fourth patient was properly diagnosed just before he was scheduled to undergo a series of electroshock treatments. Bakay sees delayed or incorrect diagnosis of olfactory meningiomas as inexcusable in today 's age of computed tomographic (CT) scanning. Performed now in most major hospitals, CT scanning is free of the objections leveled against previous diagnostic methods and provides a fast and non-invasive method for depicting these tumors easily at a time when their only clinical manifestation is a loss of the olfactory sense. Proper awareness and meticulous screening of olfactory meningiomas, therefore, cannot be advocated strongly enough , Bakay feels . Compared to the total number of losses of smell , those caused by a brain tumor are few in number. However, Dr. Bakay has received several letters since the publication of his article from people with anosmia who had CT scans that did indeed diagnose tumors. With increasing alertness to the symptoms of the disease, it is hoped patients with olfactory meningiomas will enjoy earlier diagnosis and a resulting reduction in morbidity and mortality. • Drug may relieve genital herpes By Mary Beth Spina T he oral version of an antiviral drug which may spell relief for patients with recurrent genital herpes and other herpes-virus infections and the benefits of an anti-gout drtig in preventing occlusion of arterial grafts after coronary bypass surgery were among topics discussed at the Fifth Annual Drugs of the Decade program September 8 at UB 's Center for Tomorrow. Approximately 120 pharmacists and physicians attended the day-long program sponsored by UB's Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and the Buffalo Veterans Administration Medical Center. UB 's Office of Continuing Medical Education coordinated the event . Dr. Robert T. Schooley, a Harvard researcher and Massachusetts General �RESEARCH Hospital physician, told the audience that oral and intravenous forms of the antiviral drug acyclovir (Zovirax) appear effective in treating a wide range of problems linked to primary and recurrent herpes-virus infections. Intravenous and topical forms of the drug are available, with the oral version awaiting release by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Acyclovir was first synthesized in Burroughs-Wellcome laboratories under the supervision of Dr. Howard Schaeffer, former chairman of UB's Department of Medicinal Chemistry. The drug, which is a "second generation" antiviral agent, appears in clinical studies to have minimal adverse side effects while being highly specific in its action against most members of the herpesvirus family. While not a cure, intravenous and oral forms of acyclovir have demonstrated they can shorten recovery time, reduce viral shedding, and prevent or reduce severity of initial and recurrent infections. The drug is active against Varicella Zoster Virus, implicated in chicken pox, and herpes Zoster or "shingles" as well as Herpes Simplex II, associated with genital herpes. There is mounting evidence the drug may also prove useful in treatment of severe herpes labialis (cold sores) caused by Herpes Simplex I as well as mononucleosis and other infections associated with Epstein-Barr Virus. While the drug is gaining importance in treatment of initial infection among normal and immunocompromised pa- tients, it may be equally important in suppressing reactivation of herpes-virus which occurs under circumstances not well understood, Dr. Schooley said. Other antivirals such as Ara-A and interferon are effective against certain herpes-virus infections but acyclovir has been shown 160 times more active against Herpes Simplex Virus than Ara-A. The topical form of acyclovir is indicated in management of initial herpes genitalis and in limited, non-lifethreatening mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex Virus infections in immunocompromised patients. Dr. Schooley said that although acyclovir is a promising treatment for persons with recurrent genital herpes infections, it is probable the drug will have to be taken prophylactically to prevent reactivation. While acyclovir is not effective in treating infections caused by Cytomegalovirus, the Burroughs-Wellcome experimental drug BWB759U, now undergoing clinical phase I trials, has been designed to be specific against CMV. D r. Jules Constant, a UB cardiologist at Buffalo General Hospital, told the audience that the anti-gout drug Anturane is as effective and more convenient than aspirin/Persantine in preventing graft occlusions and reinfarction in patients who have had coronary bypass surgery. Anturane (sulfinpyrazone) not only features anti-platelet action which prevents occlusion and reinfarction but it also has the ability to raise the fibrillation threshold so important in preventing sudden death. This latter effect has not been shown with the aspirin/Persantine combination, he added. The medical management of the post coronary bypass patient, Constant, a clinical associate professor of medicine, noted, is of prime importance when one considers the statistics. "Fifteen to 20 per cent of grafts close by the end of the first year after surgery with many patients forming an early thrombus before they leave the hospital after bypass operations," he pointed out. In 50 per cent of women who have the surgery, there is clot formation which completely occludes the arterial grafts. A lesser but still impressive number of male bypass patients experience the same complication. Although cholesterol - eggs particularly - acquired a bad reputation in its suspected role in heart disease, Dr. Constant said more recent studies suggest the absolute level of cholesterol intake has less to do with the problem than does the intake of oxidized cholesterol and the amount of saturated fats in the diet. Since higher cooking temperatures seem responsible for the amount of oxidation, eggs fixed in ways which require less heat are preferable. On a low saturated fat diet, the post-coronary patient could eat five soft-cooked eggs every day and not experience a significant rise in serum cholesterol, he said. • The oral form of the antiviral drug acyclovir appears effective in treating problems linked to primary and recurrent herpesvirus infections. 19 �MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS 1 Graduate education consortium formed By Bruce S. Kershner A n incredibly complex network of nine hospitals, each with dozens of departments and programs, interconnecting with thousands of medical faculty members and administrators distributed throughout the metropolitan area that's the only way to describe the graduate medical education system centered around UB 's Medical School. For decades, this system has worked. But now, an umbrella organization has been established to further enhance the elaborate medical education system and bring more cohesiveness, communication, and consistency to its educational mission. The new organization is known as The Graduate Medical and Dental Education Consortium of Buffalo, a name fittingly as complicated as the system it represents. The umbrella-like scope of the consortium is revealed by its hospital members: the eight teaching hospitals that include Buffalo General, Children's, Erie County, Veterans, Roswell Park, Mercy, Millard Fillmore, and Sisters of Charity. In addition, a University-related residency program in family medicine exists in Niagara Falls Memorial Hospital. A closer look further reveals the complexity of this system. A total of 32 separate hospital residency programs associated with the University are distributed throughout the nine participating hospitals. Seven of the programs rotate their residents among five hospitals, while usually maintaining a base of operations at one. Examples include internal medicine, ob/gyn, pathology, and urology. Internal medicine, for instance, is based in Erie County Medical Center but uses Roswell Park, Buffalo General, Children's, Mercy, Sisters', and Veterans hospitals as participating institutions. Ten residency programs are restricted to only one hospital, such as pediatric cardiology and child psychiatry (Children's), and neuropathology (ECMC). Further, several programs such as medicine, ob/gyn and pediatrics have many subspecialties which rotate their residents as well. Not covered by the Consortium are 13 independent, free standing residency programs not associated with the Medical School. These include a number of programs at Millard Fillmore, Mercy, and Sisters of Charity hospitals, as well as anesthesiology at Children's and ophthalmology at Erie County Medical Center. of by the UB Faculty Conceived Council's Committee for Graduate Education and Vice President John Naughton in 1982, the consortium had its first meeting last April. Its membership totals 80 and includes Dr. Naughton as chairman; William Feagans, dean of the Dental School; the chief executive officers from each of the teaching hospitals; department chairpersons and residency program directors from each Universitysupervised residency program; the chairperson of the Faculty Council's Graduate Education Committee; a basic science faculty representative; and one elected house staff physician from each University-supervised program. "The Consortium will provide a greater sense of community to the graduate medical and dental education system in Western New York," comments Dr. Donald Larson, UB associate vice president for clinical affairs and director of the Office of Clinical Affairs. Together with Nancy Glieco, assistant to Dr. Larson, his office provides the staffing and coordination for operating the Consortium, among other responsibilities. "The Consortium enables the medical education leadership to speak together on focused issues relating to graduate education. Existing problems can now become more clearly defined and solutions will become available," Dr. Larson elaborated. 20 The Consortium's m1ss1on is to serve as the formal organization through which all groups involved in University-supervised graduate medical and dental education can participate in planning and policymaking. Its primary goal is to assure that the quality and consistency of the programs remain high and that they meet the standards required for accreditation of the residency programs. Other goals are to develop and improve avenues of communication among all institutions and individuals involved and to identify and distribute resources equitably. These "resources" include human resources, that is, the house staff positions that must be allocated among the residency programs. J he problems that can be encounTtered by a resident are immediately evident when one realizes that there are departments of internal medicine in four different hospitals. Hospital residents must migrate to each hospital during their several years of training. During this period, they encounter differing conditions of employment, administrative procedures, education, and supervision. The Consortium's purpose is to equalize these differences where they create problems or are unnecessary, or to initiate changes which enhance their quality. For the residents, the issues are as close to home as salary, fringe benefits and vacation, as well as more mundane matters such as medical record-keeping and the. quality of consultation rooms. Even within the same residency program, grievance procedures differ from hospital to hospital, something that the Consortium will attempt to rectify. Of direct relevance to the quality of the educational program are matters such as quality and distribution of equipment and facilities and the quality of the libraries. The Consortium will also develop procedures for the periodic review and evaluation of each program. One benefit of the Consortium is that it will accelerate the process of ' J �MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS concern of the administrative committee, chaired by Louis ]. Russo, director of Erie County Medical Cenre~ • Minority students assist in research E Dr. Robert Baier, UB/Calspan, shows Dr. Robert Grantham and summer Apprentice Program students a hip implant and a replica of the artificial human heart at one of the scientific seminars. Seated are Melissa E. Givens (left) and Constance West (right). Standing are from left Cynthia Ruiz, Todd White, Ingrid johnson, and Delphine Vanderpool. \ J integrating hospital residents into the various disciplines such as surgery, obstetrics, family medicine, and others. " The Consortium will not affect any non-University-associated freestanding residency programs,'' Dr. Larson points out . " However, affiliation agreements between the University and hospitals do not always address important issues relating to University-associated programs and cannot address problems associated with residency programs shared by more than one hospital." Dr. Larson compares the graduate medical and dental education system in Buffalo to a spider web. " Before the Consortium, the various programs and hospital relationships were like many individual strands connected to the University but not to each other. The Consortium connects all those strands so that each is affected and is responsive to the other. If one is pulled , they all pull together.'' The Consortium's coordinating board meets monthly, as does its house staff committee. The residen- cy program committee, comprising the entire consortium , meets quarterly. Dr. John Wright, chairman of the Department of Pathology and secretary of the Consortium, is the chairman of the coordinating board, which coordinates the functions of the Consortium and represents it to those outside of the organization. In addition, " it facilitates communication between the committees and acts as a vehicle for the organization to present actions to its membership," Dr. Wright comments. The residency program committee is chaired by Dr. Glen Gresham, also chairman and professor of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine. It deals with accreditation requirements and the quality of graduate education. The house staff committee provides a forum to represent house staff on matters related to house staff performance and policies, and resource allocation of the programs. It is chaired by Dr. John Macaluso. Inter-hospital and hospitalUniversity relationships are a primary 21 ight minority high school students were involved in an unusual career opportunity this last summer, when they participated in the Summer Minority High School Student Research Apprentice Program, sponsored by UB's Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy. Dr. Peter Ostrow, the Medical School's new associate dean for curricular and academic affairs, presented certificates to the students who participated in the innovative summer program at a luncheon August 24. Citing the degree of sophistication evident in the research projects which the students conducted this summer, Dr. Ostrow said they were "on a level which one would expect to see at scientific meetings. "Clearly, they represent a level of quality which would be on par with research projects conducted by college students and beyond," he told a group of more than 25 parents, students , faculty, high school counselors, and UB officials. Seven of the high school students presented posters outlining their research methodology and conclusions. Another student was unable to attend the closing ceremonies of the Program which were held in the Lippschutz Room at the School of Medicine. Dr. Charles Kaars, assistant to UB 's vice president for research and graduate studies, told the group that the Program has been an unqualified success. Explaining that the goal of the Program is to place academically talented minority high school students interested in science/medical careers with UB researchers, Dr. Kaars said response from students and faculty has been tremendous. �MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS "Faculty and staff give their most valuable commodity to the Program and its students - and that commodity is time," he said. Now in its third year, the Program was funded this summer by a total of $12,000 in grants to the schools of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy and the Research and Graduate Studies division from the National Institutes of Health. Faculty who take students to conduct ongoing research projects receive no financial compensation. "But," Dr. Kaars pointed out, "they find it a rewarding experience because they enjoy sharing their expertise with bright students for whom the Program is a first step toward a career in research." Dr. Maggie Wright , assistant Medical School dean for student affairs, noted that counselors and math and science teachers in Western New York area schools should be credited for their cooperation in assisting with identification of students interested in medically and research-oriented careers. She pointed out that some of the students who have initially participated in the summer program have gone on to conduct additional research with UB faculty through the undergraduate Summer Research Program sponsored through UB's Office of Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action . "All of the students who have participated in our high school program are in college," Dr. Wright emphasized, "and we expect to see at least some in graduate and professional schools during the next years." The continuity offered by the UB summer programs, she noted, aids in increasing the numbers of minority representatives in the medical and scientific areas areas where minorities have in the past been typically underrepresented. Participating students in the summer apprentice program received a weekly salary and worked full-time in the laboratories of their mentors for eight weeks. Every effort was made to match students' interests with those of the faculty with whom they worked. In addition to their research , students attended seminars presented by UB faculty representing a variety of research/clinical areas. Faculty presenting seminars this summer were Dr. Robert Baier, UB/Calspan; Dr. Robert Cooke, director of the Children's Rehabilitation Center; Dr. Isaiah Meggett, Department of Family Medicine; and Dr. John Vena, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. A sampling of the students' research projects included: "Effect of Anabolic Steroid Winstrol on Histomorphology of Dystrophic and Normal Chicken Muscle"; "A Study of the Effects of Alcohol on Liver Structure"; and "Effect of Varying Gas Concentrations on 0 2 Transport." • Ostrow is new associate dean D r. Peter Ostrow has brought with him a clear vision and a quick humor as the Medical School's new associate dean for curriculum and academic affairs. In his new role, he will be responsible for evaluating, interpreting and modifying the curriculum of the School. He will meet regularly with every faculty body and committee that influences the program of medical education, including the curriculum , academic status, year and course committees, faculty council committees, and Polity, the Medical School student association . Another duty is to orchestrate the "dean's" letters that are prepared for graduating students with the aim of placing them in the best possible residencies. He will also formalize the method of pairing students with those professors who will best meet their academic needs and provide advice on residency selection . "Actually," Dr. Ostrow comments, "my responsibilities are broadly defined at this time, so that I can take a creative role. Where my involvement in a program or aspect of the curriculum is most needed , that is where some of my energies will be 22 directed." Dr. Ostrow has brought with him some good experience from the University of Texas Medical School where he was a faculty member from 1977 through 1984 . He views the relationship of students to their teachers and mentors as all important . He obviously applied this philosophy well in Texas, since every student class there awarded him Outstanding Teacher Awards in both the basic and clinical sciences for each of the seven years of his tenure. " I feel that students must be recognized as part of the medical profession the moment they enter medical school," Ostrow points out . "The medical school must create an atmosphere of mutual respect for students to do their best ." He also emphasizes what he sees as the proper attitude of the student. " Students can look at their medical school experience as a burden or as an opportunity." If the student looks at it as a burden, or as competition with other students, Ostrow says, he or she will pose the question , "What do I have to know to get through medical school? " If on the other hand , the student views it as an opportunity, and as a "competition" to set the highest standard for oneself, then he or she will ask , " How much can I learn?' ' He reinforces these points with a quote from the great physician Dr. William Osler, " The hardest conviction to get into the mind of the beginner is that the education upon which he is engaged is not a college course, not a medical course, but a life course for which the work of a few years under teachers is but a preparation ." Wlike hy should an effective teacher Dr. Ostrow want to become an administrator? Ostrow explains that , in addition to his administrative role here, he will also teach . In fact , one of the things that attracted him to UB is the commitment of the dean and the institution to encouraging senior professors to continue their teaching , rather than restricting themselves to research and clinical activities. " UB has a high proportion �MEDICAL SCHOOL NEWS ology at the University of Texas and headed numerous university committees. He has participated in N.I.H. study sections involving research training for medical students. While in Texas, he initiated and coordinated the medical school's student support system . The author of one book chapter and 20 research articles, he has focused his research on diseases of the pituitary gland. He is a charter member of an international pituitary pathology group. Ostrow sums up his philosophy by stating "Nothing is more rewarding than medicine." Then he quantifies this by adding, "There are few careers in which the ratio of the satisfaction to the difficulty is as high as in medicine." • Orthopaedics holds Science Day T Associate Dean Ostrow of masters still teaching their subjects. That can only benefit the students, which in turn benefits the school by earning it a good reputation," he remarks. His goal as coordinator of the school's curriculum relates directly to this point - Dr. Ostrow .wants to develop further the school's reputation that will be formed by the impressions of the doctors we turn out into society. "The curriculum is one of the primary instruments to achieve that goal," he emphasizes. After attending UB 's undergraduate school, he received his Ph.D. in anatomy and the M.D. in 1971 from SUNY Downstate Medical Center. He completed his residency and fellowship in neuropathology at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. He was a faculty member of Johns Hopkins and the University of Texas Medical School until he returned to UB. He served as director of neuropath- 23 he 13th Annual Orthopaedic University Residents Scientific Day was held May 31, 1984, at the Erie County Medical Center. George E. Orner, Jr., M.D., professor and chairman, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of New Mexico, was the visiting professor who delivered the 9th Annual David M. Richards, M.D., Memorial Lecture. His topic was an "Overview of the Management of Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries of Extremities." Six orthopaedic residents completed their residency training, including Drs. David J. Bevilacqua, Joseph E. Buran, Ronald M. Carn, James J . Creighton, Jr., Peter E. Shields, and David J. Winnick. This academically productive group of orthopaedic residents presented five papers at national meetings in the past year. In addition, Dr. R. Geoffrey Wilber, an orthopaedic surgeon from the Case-Western Orthopaedic Program, completed a one-year Spine Surgery Fellowship with Dr. Edward H. Simmons. • �HOSPITAL NEWS WNY Apnea Center designated 0 n May 31, 1984, the Children's Lung Center was designated as the Regional Apnea Center for Western New York by the State Health Department. Apnea, a temporary cessation of effective breathing, is believed to be an important risk factor in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). The Apnea Evaluation Unit of the Lung Center was established in 1979 under the direction of Gerd ].A. Cropp, M.D., Ph.D., professor of pediatrics and assistant professor of physiology, Ian Nathanson, M.D., assistant professor of pediatrics, became director of the Unit in September of 1983. The Unit was established "in response to a growing need for the study of this sleep disorder which occurs in infants," says Dr. Nathanson. Patients seeking Apnea testing are eligible for State Aid. Subsequently, the state "needed a center that has good control . . . they wanted to find experts," states Dr. Nathanson, who is a specialist in pediatric pulmonology. Eligibility for state-funded Apnea testing will be determined by the newly designated Regional Apnea Center. Dr. Nathanson plans to work closely with hospital staff and community physicians throughout Western New York, to provide optimal care for infants at risk. • (From Children's Hospital's "Bambino':) Children's adds Sendex system I n a world of modern technology, Children's Hospital again became a forerunner in advanced medical care when it became one of only two hospitals nationwide to install the Sendex 70, a sophisticated computer system which will help save time and lives. The System 70 uses a complex computerized network to send Ian Nathanson, M.D., director of the Regional Apnea Center at Children's Hospital, monitoring patient's condition. medical images including X-rays, CT scans, Ultrasound and nuclear magnetic resonance images quickly and accurately over a regular telephone line. Jerald Kuhn, M.D., chief of radiology at Children's and professor of radiology and pediatrics, is coordinator of Sendex services. He decided upon installation of the machinery for two primary reasons: "We will be able to set up a consultative network with private physicians in emergency cases and other hospitals that do not have pediatric radiologists," states Dr. Kuhn. ''Also, as storage capacity (of patient files) increases, we hope to use the system as a teaching tool for specific cases." Dr. Kuhn has established a working relationship with radiologist Barry F. Bates of Foote Memorial Hospital in Michigan. Dr. Bates was 24 instrumental in development of the Sendex system, and Foote was the first hospital to have the machinery installed. In addition to his work with Dr. Bates, Dr. Kuhn uses the system to review and store pediatric cases. The Sendex has the capacity to store 36 images per disc, but the possibility for a storage capacity of 2,000 images is projected in the near future. "There is a movement in radiology to become completely digital (computerized)," Dr. Kuhn says. The limiting factor, however, is storage. To be effective, storage capacity must be increased to several hundred thousand images per disc, which Dr. Kuhn estimates will not become a reality for at least five years. High hopes for diversifying the system's usage are held by Dr. Kuhn. He would eventually like to set up a �HOSPITAL NEWS network of X-ray transmtsston interdepartmentally within the hospital. Plans also include that of a portable take-home model for radiologists who are on-call. This unit would be convenient and timesaving for both the radiologist and the Hospital. Research on the system's effectiveness is vital. " We have to determine how well it works," Kuhn says. Indicators lean towards positive findings . When comparing the Sendex, which has a market value of $30,000, to other such systems with market values of up to $300,000, the cost seems minimal. As to its medical importance, Dr. Kuhn offers much encouragement. • (From Children's Hospital's "Bambino':) Children's names new president T he new president of The Children's Hospital of Buffalo is Mr. J.E . Stibbards, administrator of the Hospital for Sick Children of Toronto, Ontario, for the past three years. He joined Children's on November 1. Chosen after an extensive nationwide search , Mr. Stibbards brings with him 20 years experience in children's hospitals and the health care field . He has served as administrator of Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati and as executive director of The Children's Hospital in Birmingham, Alabama. As administrator of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, he had responsibility for the overall management of the 698-bed facility, the largest children's hospital in North America. Mr. Stibbards has an extensive educational background in the area of hospital administration, having received his H.O.M. Diploma, a Canadian program for professional qualification in the field , from the Canadian Hospital Association. Presently, he is a Ph.D. doctoral candidate with a concentration in hospital administration , pursuing his Ph.D. through Walden University in Minneapolis. He is also a graduate chartered accountant. A member of the American College of Hospital Administrators, he has also served as trustee, officer, and member of many societies and organizations related to the pediatric Jerald P. Kuhn, M.D., using Sendex device. 25 health care field . These organizations include the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions (NACHRI) and the American Hospital Association. He has also been active in each community in which he has lived, served in a number of voluntary advisory capacities with such organizations as the Boy Scouts of America, the Newcomen Society of North America, and the United Way. • Medical building named for Miller T he David K. Miller Medical Office Building was dedicated at the Erie County Medical Center on September 21. Dr. Miller, who is an outstanding clinician, scholar and teacher, is 80 and lives in San Francisco. He returned for the ceremony to Buffalo where he served UB and the E.J . Meyer Memorial Hospital as chairman and director of medicine and the laboratories for more than 30 years. In 1967, he asked to be relieved of his duties but remained active in medicine until his retirement a year later when he was named emeritus professor of medicine at the University. Also returning to Buffalo to honor Dr. Miller were 77 of his former medical residents, some from as far away as Hawaii and California. They were joined by colleagues and friends to celebrate Dr. Miller's 80th birthday. The celebration opened with a medical symposium with topics of special interest to Dr. Miller. Dr. Miller earned the M.D. from Harvard University in 1929. After completing an internship at Boston City Hospital, he studied in Germany and Austria and was associated with the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research before coming to Buffalo in 1937. He did research on the role of vitamins in nutrition and treatment of bacterial infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis before antibiotics were introduced. • ��T The 138th class: 82 men, 53 women he 138th freshman class at the School of Medicine includes more minorities than any previous year, and the second highest number of women and Western New Yorkers, according to the profile of the new class developed by the Medical Admissions Office. The class comprises 82 men and 53 women, including 22 minorities. The minority percentage is high enough to rank UB in the top category in a national survey of American medical schools (see accompanying article). The 135 students were selected out of a pool of 3100 applicants and 580 interviewees. Seventy-seven originate from Western New York, seven from the rest of upstate, 48 from downstate, and only three from out-of-state. Graduates from UB, Cornell, SUNY Albany, and Canisius College had the highest representation, with other prominent schools including Harvard, Penn, and MIT. Although biology, biochemistry and chemistry undergraduate majors dominated, some members of the class had less typical majors, including electrical and chemical engineering, biomathematics, religion, political science, history, computer science, and foreign language. Six of the new students have Ph.D.'s, one has an optometry degree, and 14 have master's degrees. This year's new class mean MCAT scores averaged 9 .48 for all six categories, compared to last year's average of 9 .56. The undergraduate science G.P.A . averaged 3 .37 compared to 3.47 for last year. The five M.D.-Ph.D. entering students had MCAT scores averaging 12. Photos of the Anatomy Lab, where freshman medical students begin their studies. 27 �STUDENTS School is 19th in minority frosh By Bruce S. Kershner M ore minority medical students are being trained to enter society as physicians, because of the success of the minority recruitment program of UB 's School of Medicine. The Medical School was ranked in the top category in minority admissions in a just released survey of the nation's medical schools by New Physician magazine. UB was ranked 19th out of 124 medical schools in percentage of freshmen minorities, just behind Harvard . This is the highest of any of the 12 medical schools in New York State and the fourth highest of any medical school in the Northeast . The 1983-1984 entering class was 15 .3 per cent minorities according to the magazine's 'i\.nnual Minority Admissions Scorecard," which used last year's class figures in its survey. The minority percentage in this year 's entering class is even higher, 16.3 per cent , including 17 Blacks, three Hispanics and two Native Americans. The success of the recruitment program is of benefit to Western New York . Over the past three years, 34 per cent of UB's Medical School minority graduates have elected to remain in Buffalo to complete their five-year-long residencies. Last year, 50 per cent of UB 's new physicians remained in Buffalo. ew doctors usually select residency programs in the communities where they ultimately plan to practice. UB President Steven Sample remarked , "We're very pleased with this accomplishment. It is indicative of how hard the Medical School has worked to include minority representation .'' Dr. Maggie Wright, the assistant dean for student affairs, heads the Medical School 's minority recruitment program . "I attribute our success to the fact that we have a reputation for being a very good program for minorities," Dr. Wright commented . S everal factors have made UB 's minority program successful. " One reason why we are attractive is that the at- MEDICAL SCHOOL 83184 21. Johns Hopkins 15.1 12.9 mosphere both at this University and in the community is personally warm and friendly. Through our hospitality program , upperclassmen open up their homes at no cost , provide transportation and conduct tours," remarks Dr. Thomas Guttuso, chairman of the School's admissions committee and clinical assistant professor of ophthalmology. Besides the minority presence in the school's Office of Medical Education , Dr. Wright points out that the admission committee's sensitivity to the concerns of prospective minority students has made a difference. So has the commitment of the school's administration . Dr. John Naughton, vice president for clinical affairs and dean of 28 the Medical School, states, " We've committed a significant amount of our resources to development of the program and we're glad that it is competitive. Furthermore, the faculty has worked long and hard to make the program stronger and more successful." Dr. Wright adds, " Incoming student candidates have had the opportunity to get a head start on the challenging curriculum through the Summer Preparatory and Support Program. For the past several years, this program has been largely funded by the Medical School and staffed by volunteers ." This will change this September when the program will be one of those funded by a S137,000 grant from the federal Department of Health and �STUDENTS getting accepted to other schools they've proved themselves." • Bissonette tours 3rd world clinics By Mary Beth Spina D ui 0 > <( 0 ~ r L-----------------------~~ Human Services. Dr. Wright and others personally meet with and interview every student candidate. Dr. Wright discusses the program and financial assistance and tries to allay any concerns. Scholarships are available based on undergraduate performance. " Furthermore, our minority brochure is a big 'seller' and is distributed nationwide," Dr. Wright relates. Dr. Guttuso emphasizes that the focus should be as much on the quality of the minority students as on the quantity. "In our reviews, we seek out quality students. The result is that the quality of our minority students is on a par with or even above that of our majority students. These students would have no problem r. Raymond P. Bissonette, associate professor in the Department of Family Medicine, toured health facilities in two African nations this fall under a World Health Organization Fellowship. Dr. Bissonette toured clinics and hospitals in Kenya and Tanzania to identify areas where UB medical students may, in the future, elect to receive some of their training in primary care. He spent one month each at Tumu Tumu Hospital in Karatina, Kenya, and the Maryknoll Clinic in Shinyanga, Tanzania . Also, he plans to visit more than a dozen remote health stations and satellite clinics sponsored by the hospitals. The idea of medical training in Third World nations evolved as a result of several UB students who, on their own , went to these areas in the past. " For most, it was a powerful experience for they learned the potentials and limits of delivering primary care without the sophisticated technology which is an integral part of their training in modern , urban U.S. medical centers," says Dr. Bissonette. It is believed that if students have the opportunity to practice in Third World communities, they will be less intimidated by prospects of future practices in underserved rural and urban areas of the U.S. "Students who have gone to these parts of the world in the past from UB have developed a greater degree of confidence in their own abilities and knowledge and have received a dramatic lesson in cultural variables which affect how different peoples perceive health and sickness," Dr. Bissonette points out. They have also learned in some parts of the world that the " medicine" man can, when teamed appropriately with the Western-trained clinician , play a major and essential role in providing health 29 Dr. Bissonettewitbmedicalstudents. care. In addition , students have learned that basic sanitation procedures and reasonable nutrition , standard in developed countries, may be needed in underdeveloped nations in order to prevent a range of diseases. The two-month program which Dr. Bissonette envisions for fourth-year medical students and residents who wish to participate would be a two-way education experience. • Starkey wins PMI award T he AMA Division of Drugs selected a patient medication instruction (PMI) sheet written and designed by third year medical student Kathryn Starkey for the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics PMI award last May. UB sophomore medical students are given examples of the American Medical Association's PMI's and then later in a course are challenged to write their own for a different drug as an elective exercise. After scoring by the faculty, the 10 best are sent to the AMA Division of Drugs for final judging. PMI's help physicians do a better job improving patients ' compliance with a prescribed regimen . Medical students learn to write PMI 's and thus improve their ability to communicate effectively with patients. Proper education of patients about drugs they are prescribed is known to improve the effectiveness of therapy, as well as reduce adverse drug reactions. • ��PEOPLE The 'Wright' stuff T his season was a very good one for Dr. Maggie S. Wright, the Medical School's assistant dean of student affairs, who is responsible for the Medical School's minority program. This summer, a national survey by New Physician magazine announced results that ranked the UB Medical School among the top in minority medical admissions (see separate article). This July, Dr. Wright received $137,696 to support 70 minority and disadvantaged UB medical students, including 22 freshmen minority medical students. The funds are the result of a grant from the Department of Health and Human Services (Division of Disadvantaged Assistance, Health Career Opportunity). The two-year contract will be used to support the Summer Preparatory and Support Program and Summer Microbiology Program, and will provide tutorial support throughout the academic years. In addition, a program will be designed to prepare students for Part I and Part II of the National Board Examination, a qualifying license examination. In addition to the grant and the good news about the minority ranking, Dr. Wright was one of 28 persons honored at the 12th Annual Black Achievers in Industry Awards dinner October 7. The dinner, held at the Downtown Buffalo Convention Center, was sponsored by 1490 Enterprises, a non-profit community organization. Regarding the grant, Dr. Wright commented, "This will enable us to expand our support services to the students, and retention of our students will be even more assured. The grant will fund three new programs, the microbiology, board preparation, and tutorial support programs." She pointed out that the summer preparatory program has been a big attraction for UB and that minority students have responded positively to the program's effects on their careers. Dr. Maggie Wright with students in Farber Hall office. 31 Dr. Wright, a native of South Carolina, received the B.S. from South Carolina State College. She received a master's degree in counselor education and a Ph.D. in counseling and educational psychology from UB. She has also taught counseling and educational psychology here. Recently elected co-chairman of the American Association of Medical Colleges' Minority Section on Student Affairs for Northeast Medical Schools, Dr. Wright is chairman of UB 's Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Committee. She is on the Board of Directors of the Crippled Children's Guild, the ACT-SO Committee of the Buffalo National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Niagara Frontier Sickle Cell Associa- en 0 w w ...J () a: <( :::;; ~ L------~...L._ _ __;:;._.....___.a: tion board. She is a former board member .of the Bethel Head Start Program and the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic of University Presbyterian Church. Dr. Wright, who moved to Buffalo in 1961, has long been involved in activities affecting the Black community. Formerly with the Buffalo Urban League, she initiated programs for senior citizens, youth arts and crafts workshops, and a Girl Scout program in the Jefferson Ave./Clinton St. area. A member of the Buffalo Alumni Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta sorority, she is a former director of counseling services at Erie Community College. • �PEOPLE Lebenthal awarded nutrition prize T he 1984 International Prize for Modern Nutrition was awarded to Emanuel Lebenthal, M.D., a UB pediatrician. He was selected because of two decades of outstanding research that has led to practical solutions for improving the nutritional status of children worldwide. The professor of pediatrics at Buffalo Children's Hospital received the award on September 11 in Locarno, Switzerland. There, he addressed an international gathering on "The Next Decade: Research in Infant Nutrition." The International Prize carries with it a cash award as well as an inscribed gold medal. He was chosen out of 11 candidates. Dr. Lebenthal has gained a world-wide reputation for his research that has shed light on problems of the digestive system in infantile feeding. Lebenthal and his colleagues are responsible for developing new and sophisticated treatment methods that have given Children's Hospital and the UB Medical School one of the best records in the world for treating chronic intractable diarrhea. "This is a big surprise. There are so many other people who deserve recognition," Dr. Lebenthal remarked. Then he added, " It is very rewarding, especially after working hard for so many years, to find that there's somebody out there who notices your work." Last spring, Dr. Lebenthal was successful in fulfilling his life-time goal of establishing the International Center of Infant Nutrition and Gastro-intestinal Disease. The first center of its kind, it is funded by a $3 million grant from the Agency for International Development. The center will train physicians from developing countries around the world to develop programs to treat intractable diarrhea. One of the world's major killers of children, this previously little understood ailment kills five million children annually. Dr. Lebenthal is working to establish satellite centers in Indonesia, Peru, and Thailand. Lebenthal received his M.D. from Hebrew University in Jerusalem. After teaching and doing research at Harvard, Dr. Emanuel Lebenthal with tiny patient. Stanford and Tel Aviv universities, he came to UB in 1976. He is editor and co-author of the two definitive reference works on children's digestive diseases, " Digestive Diseases in Children" and "Gastroenterology and Nutrition in Infancy." He is also editorin-chief of the journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and on the editorial board of two other journals. He has published over 100 scientific ar• ticles and chapters. Lazar tours orient for RPMI D r. Louis Lazar, clinical assistant professor of medicine and family medicine, recently concluded an extensive tour of the orient as part of a fact-finding mission in cooperation with Roswell Park Memorial Institute. The Millard Fillmore Hospital physician visited hospitals in Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and China, where he studied new screening techniques for the early 32 detection of cancers in a family practice setting. Dr. Lazar visited doctors in several cities to discuss cancer research and other medical problems encountered in the orient. He also lectured in China on vein valve transplant techniques. While in Tokyo, he discussed a new and marked increase in breast cancers, which in the past have been fairly unknown in that country. His next stop, in Singapore, was arranged to discuss the overall health care system there. "Their people are very well taken care of," he said. "There are enough M.D.'s and beds for everyone. Nobody goes without medical care in Singapore.'' Said Dr. Lazar of the Hong Kong leg of his travels, "I was impressed with their modern ·facilities and modern innovations in therapy for carcinoma patients." Most notable was the use of exact plaster molds for each cancer patient's affected area. The mold of the cancerous area in the patient is used to record all treatments and surgery on the patient. He said this is the only place in the world where such a technique is used. Finally, as guest speaker in Shanghai, �PEOPLE Dr. Lazar lectured on vein valve transplantation, a technique he and colleagues at Millard Fillmore Hospital have developed. He was also invited to discuss a paper on lung cancer in China, written by Chang-Wen Hsie, M.D. , chief of the Department of Public Diseases, and director, Chest Tumor Lab at the Shanghai Chest Hospital. • (From Millard Fillmore Hospital's "Reporter':) Blue Shield salutes Greco D r. Pasquale Greco, clinical associate professor of urology, was honored recently for his 25 years of service to Blue Shield of Western New York, Inc. , his leadership as the Blue Shield board chairman since 1977, and his many contributions to medicine and the community. A board certified urologist, Dr. Greco was honored at a testimonial dinner at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Buffalo in June. Dr. Greco is chairman emeritus at Millard Fillmore Hospital's Department of Urology, following 30 years as chief of urology. He is past-president of the medical staff at Millard , where he developed and served as the first director of Millard's Dialysis Department. He is also past chief of urology at Sheehan Emergency Hospital and past chief of urology at Columbus Hospital. • family physician who still makes house calls. He has served as president or chairman of numerous organizations, including the N.Y. State Academy of Family Physicians, Erie County Medical Society, Medical Staff of Deaconess Hospital, The Lakes Area Regional Medical Program, and Highgate Medical Building Corp. On the UB Medical School's faculty for 13 years, he volunteered to be acting chairman of the Department of Family Medicine in 1982 . During the next 1 V2 years, he helped to upgrade the residency program and attract an outstanding chairman to continue the department 's traditions. He was appointed by Governor Rockefeller to the 1968-70 Blue Ribbon Commission on Alcoholism , a panel which played a major role in modernizing policy and attitudes towards alcoholism. At the awards ceremony, May 22 , Dr. Joyce said , "The secret to our future as family physicians lies in our unique Dr. Link retires ·from School 84 S Family Physicians honor Joyce T he first ew York State Family Physician of the Year Award was received this year by Dr. Herbert E. Joyce (M'45), professor of family medicine at UB. Dr. Joyce was selected for the honor by the Board of Directors of the New York State Academy of Family Physicians for his "long and illustrious career as a dedicated family physician." Active in leadership positions in the community and his profession since his earliest days, Dr. Joyce is a practicing potential for a personal and compassionate relationship with our patients this unique potential does not exist in any other medical specialty or profession. We must maintain an undisputed integrity in the view of our patients." Dr. Joyce has also served on the boards of directors of Blue Shield and the United Fund, and continues on the Board of Professional Medical Conduct of the N.Y. State Department of Health. He is affiliated with Buffalo General Hospital and its Deaconess Division, and with Millard Fillmore and Lockport Memorial hospitals. During his Air Force career, he reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and, interestingly, was enlisted into the Mach Buster Club in 1956, as one of the earliest physicians to fly faster than the speed of sound. • Dr. Herbert joyce tudents are the usual recipients of report cards. But last June 15 , a doctor received a report card from students of Buffalo School 84 in that school's cafeteria. The doctor was Dr. Joseph Link, medical director of this public school for handicapped children for 40 years. He is clinical instructor in pediatrics and rehabilitation medicine at UB. The children presented the report card, along with gifts from class representatives, because Dr. Link - friend and pediatrician - retired on July 1 at age 70. At School 84, 116 students - whose physical handicaps range from cerebral palsy to muscular dystrophy - learn while they receive continuing therapy and medical care necessary for their daily lives. Dr. Link has been involved in the care of handicapped children since college and medical school days at Marquette University in Milwaukee. In 1948 he was named physician-in-charge at School84 , on the Erie County Medical Center grounds. At a dinner on July 7 at the Buffalo Marriott, Dr. Link was honored for his dedication to handicapped children by colleagues, teachers, and former students. • �PEOPLE International and American Colleges of Surgeons and a past president of the Erie County Medical Society. • DR. ANTHONY J. FEDERICO, CLINICAL ASSIStant professor of surgery, has been elected chairman of the Erie County delegation of the Medical Society of the State of New York . He is on staff at Mercy Hospital. • DR. HARRY SULTZ, PROFESSOR OF SOCIAL and preventive medicine in the School of Medicine and dean of UB's School of Health Related Professions, is now a member-at-large on the board of directors of the Allied Health Association of New York State. The association hopes to improve the quality of health care offered in New York by improving its health manpower. Dr. Sultz, a well-known epidemiologist and author, has long been involved in health care. After graduating from UB 's School of Dentistry in 1947, he practiced dentistry until he matriculated into Columbia University, where he received his master's degree in public health in 1962 . He then joined the medical faculty at UB and accepted the duties of dean of the School of Health Related Professions in 1979. The Buffalo native, who co-authored Nurse Practitioners: USA and Grantwriting/or Health Professionals has acted as consultant to local, state and national health boards, including the Division of Nursing, Bureau of Health Manpower, United States Department of Health , Education and Welfare, from 1971 to 1978. • Cynthia Pan with Dr. Roger Forden. DR. CYNTHIA PAN, CLINICAL ASSISTANT INstructor, has been voted " Outstanding First Year Pediatric Resident " by the Buffalo Pediatric Society. Dr. Pan, now a second-year resident at The Children's Hospital of Buffalo, was presented with the award by Roger A. Forden, M.D., president of the society. • DR. MICHELE ALEXANDER, RESEARCH ASSIStant professor of medicine and pediatrics, was recently elected to the Board of Directors of the American Lung Association of Western ew York . Dr. Alexander, the former coordinator of the Lung Association's Family Asthma Program and a long time volunteer, will serve a threeyear term on the Board. • DR. JOSEPH H. KITE, PROFESSOR OF MICRObiology, discussed " Immune cytotoxicity in studies of autoimmune thyroiditis " and "Markers for detecting differentiation of cells " as part of a People to People International Tissue Culture Research Delegation to Europe, May 3-24 , 1984. Twenty-three scientists from the United States visited research laboratories in England , Sweden , Czechoslovakia, and Germany for an exchange of information and technique in the broad area of cell biology. • DR. EUGENE HANAVAN, CLINICAL ASSISTANT professor of orthopaedics at Mercy Hospital , was elected president of the American Fracture Association at a recent meeting held in Knoxville, TN. He is a benefactor of UB's President 's Associates. In addition , he is a member of both the 34 DRS. MICHAEL COHEN, ACTING CHAIRMAN and professor of neurosurgery and pediatrics, and Patricia Duffner, assistant professor of neurology and pediatrics, have co-authored a new book , Brain Tumors in Children: Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment (Raven Press, New York , 1984 , pp. 378). Most previous works on the subject have been devoted to childhood tumors with the focus on pathology, anecdotal case reports, and surgical techniques. This book focuses on modern approaches to diagnosis and therapy. In particular, it is intended to be a compendium on the state of the art of treatment and the problems associated with such treatments, rather than an encyclopedic work on all brain tumors. Six of the book's 20 chapters were written by physicians with expertise in the principles of epidemiology, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and neurosurgery. Four of the contributors, Drs. Arnold Freeman , David Klein , Martin Brecher and Daniel Lacey, are professors at the UB Medical School. Dr. Alan Leviton of Harvard and Dr. Larry Kun of the Medical College of Wisconsin also contributed. The bulk of the volume deals with common childhood intracranial tumors and their diagnosis and treatment . Complications of treatment , especially the long term effects, are described separately, while trends in treatment and survival provide the concluding discussion. Dr. Cohen , a UB graduate (M '61) , has been on UB 's faculty for 16 years. He has served as medical director for the United Cerebral Palsy Association of Western New York and served as acting director of pediatric neurology at Children's Hospital from 1968 to 1978. Dr. Duffner, also a UB graduate (M '72) , earned academic awards in her junior and senior years. She completed her residency at UB (Children's Hospital) and has been on the faculty since 1972 . She serves on numerous committees of the University, Children's Hospital , the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Cancer Society and is an examiner for the American Board of Neurology and Psychiatry. • �PEOPLE DR. LEONARD LA SCOLEA, JR., ASSISTANT professor of pediatrics, attended the May 1984 European Symposium on Infections of Haemophilus influenzae at the University Hospital of Terrassa, Spain. He lectured on rapid diagnosis of influenza infections, as well as on Chlamydia infections before hospital groups in Barcelona. • DE. ELLIOT ELLIS, CHAIRMAN AND PROFESsor of pediatrics, attended the ational Meeting of Pediatric Allergists/Immunologists and the 12th Congresso Argentino de Pediatrie where he spoke on childhood asthma, its pathophysiology, and pharmacologic management . • DR. ELLIOTT MIDDLETON, PROFESSOR OF medicine, visited the People's Republic of China in May under the auspices of the Chinese Medical Association and the Citizen Ambassador Program of People to People International. The Buffalo General physician was part of an American delegation of allergists and im munologists who presented seminars on recent advances in allergy and asthma to Chinese physicians. • DR. ROGERS S. DAYER, CLINICAL ASSOCIATE professor at UB and general surgeon at Buffalo General Hospital, has been elected president of the Buffalo Surgical Society. Other officers are: vice president , Dr. William C. Heyden, clinical instructor of surgery; secretary, Dr. Joseph E. Rutecki, clinical assistant professor of anatomy and surgery ; and treasurer, Dr. Michael E. Sullivan, clinical instructor in surgery. • DR. ENRICO MIHICH, RESEARCH PROFESSOR of Pharmacology and director of the Experimental Therapeutics Department and the Grace Cancer Drug Center at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, has been appointed by President Ronald Reagan to a six-year term on the prestigious ational Cancer Advisory Board (NCAB). Dr. Mihich has been associated with Roswell Park since 1957. He was appointed director of his department and The Grace Cancer Drug Center in 1971. Dr. Mihich , who has published over 100 journal articles, edited 12 books, and presented over 60 papers at national and international cancer conferences, also serves as adjunct professor of biochemical pharmacology at UB. He is editor of the scholarly series Biological Responses in Cancer and Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. The NCAB, comprised of lay persons, and basic and clinical cancer research Dr. john Naughton (right) accepts gift of two microscopes from David Collins, area manager of Nikon Corp., and also a UB alumnus. specialists, is a legally constituted body that influences the National Cancer Program in two major ways. First, it performs the second phase of research grant application review and recommends approval or disapproval to the director of the ational Cancer Institute (NCI). Second, the NCAB advises the CI director on issues such as major shifts in program emphasis, budget allocations, and the desirability of initiating proposed programs. Through its several subcommittees, the NCAB studies and analyzes every major aspect of program operations as the basis for recommendations to the director on program content and priorities. • DR. GERALD SUFRIN, CHAIRMAN AND PROfessor of urology, has been appointed to the American Urological Association's special Ad-Hoc Committee to Study the Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of Current Technology of Percutaneous and Non-Invasive Lithotripsy. Moreover, he has been appointed to the Scientific Exhibits Committee of the American Urological Association. • DR. JULIAN AMBRUS, RESEARCH PROFESSOR of medicine, was recently elected vice president of the Catholic Physicians Guild, Buffalo Chapter. The society finances medical students so they can spend time at various missionary hospitals in Third World countries. The Guild also supports medical schools in these �PEOPLE Medical Center, has been involved in new developments in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. He and his associates performed what is believed to be the first microvascular free flap transfer in the Western N.Y. area. Since july, 1983 , he and his associates have done a total of six free flap transfers. • countries. For those who wish to prepare for an assignment in a tropical country, they offer a one-week intensive selection course in tropical medicine in the fall and also a similar spring semester course at • Roswell Park Memorial Institute. DR. STEVEN LASSER RECEIVED A $8,84 7 grant from the Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation to conduct research on his project " Effect of Continuous Direct Current on a Bone Tumor Model in the Rabbit ." He is a first year resident with the department of Orthopaedic Surgery. • THE BUFFALO PEDIATRIC SOCIETY HAS ANnounced the election of its officers for 1984-85 . Elected for one year, all the officers are attending on the medical staff of The Children's Hospital of Buffalo. President is Dr. Roger A. Forden, clinical assistant professor; vice president is Dr. James L. Cavalieri, II, clinical assistant professor; secretary is Dr. Linda A. Kam, clinical assistant professor; and treasurer is Dr. Ferdinand D. Dr. Roger A. Forden Yates, all of UB 's Department of Pediatrics. • DR. KULWANT S. BHANGOO, CLINICAL ASSIStant professor of surgery at Erie County REQUEST FOR ARTICLES The Buffalo Physician requests that our readers submit any interesting, well-written articles that they have wr~tten on the followmg subjects: 1. • MEDICAL HISTORY, especially but not limited to the University. 2. • PROFILES of distinguished or interesting UB Medical School alumni , present or former UB Medical School faculty, or current UB medical students. 3. • IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHICAL, ETHICAL OR OTHER ISSUES directly relevant to the medical community. 4. • BOOK REVIEWS of important or interesting books written by or about UB faculty or alumni. Though books of a technical nature will be considered, especially if they are significant, reviews of non-technical books are encouraged also, e.g. biographies, fiction, non-fiction for the layman . 5. • HUMAN INTEREST STORIES about anybody with a UB Medical School association, present or former. ARTICLES SHOULD IDEALLY BE TWO TO TEN TYPEWRITTEN DOUBLE· SPACED PAGES. PHOTOGAPHS (IN A SETTING RELATED TO THE ARTICLE) AND ILLUSTRATIONS ARE ENCOURAGED. SUBMITTED MATERIAL SHOULD BE ABOUT PEOPLE AND TOPICS WITH SOME ASSOCIATION WITH THE UB MEDICAL SCHOOL. The exception will be for articles about important philosophical, ethical, or other medically relevant issues. Articles not fitting the above categories are unlikely to be considered. DR. SAUL GREENFIELD, ASSISTANT PROFESsor of urology, is that department 's newest arrival. He will be based at Children's Hospital. A University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine graduate, he received his training in urology at Columbia University and Presbyterian Hospital in New York City. He spent one year as a fellow in pediatric urology at Children's Hospital. His investigative interest includes vesico-ureteral reflux , the diagnosis and management of renal abnormalities in utero, and urinary tract infections in children. • GEORGEANN CONSTANTINO, R.N. , M.S., INstructor in the Department of Urology, was awarded first prize for her scientific contributions at the recent national meeting of the American Urological Association Allied. The subject of Ms. Constantino's exhibit was "Cost Effective Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Nursing Home Patients. " She collaborated with Dr. Kevin Pranikoff, assistant professor of urology. She and Dr. Pranikoff completed a four-year study on a group of patients at Erie County Home and Infirmary to find a more cost-effective method to treat incontinence due to senile dementia. A similar paper was presented by Ms. Constantinio at the 35th annual meeting of the Northeast Section, American Urological Association , in September where she was the only non-physician among 100 who presented papers. • DR. PAUL WEINMANN, CLINICAL ASSISTANT professor of dermatology, entered his photograph "Study in Stripes" in the M.D. Photo Show held last spring at Sisters ' Hospital and won the People's Choice Award , selected by the attendees of the show. The award was announced at a later date than the other awards and did not get announced in the July Buffalo Physician article about the photo show. • �CLASSNOTES 1920's DR. HOBART A. REIMANN (M'21) • was recognized for his contribution to medicine when his article on viral pneumonia was reprinted as a " Landmark" article in ]AMA, February 17, 1984. He lives in Wynnwood, MD. DANTE J. MORGANA (M'21} • of Lockport , New York , has retired after 62 years of practicing ophthalmology. In 1982, Dr. Morgana was the recipient of the President's Medal from Canisius College. reports his son, Peter, was awarded the Dean's four-year scholarship to the University at Buffalo School of Medicine. Peter is a member of the class of 1988. cine and physician at Mercy Hospital, has been elected director of the Blue Cross of Western New York, Inc., as a representative of the Medical Society of the County of Erie. IRMA M. WALDO (M'49) • of Hillsdale, New York, is the founder of an all-volunteer County Hospice Program for home care for terminally ill patients in Columbia County. Dr. Waldo is school physician for two school districts and medical director of the Baptist Nursing Home and County Alcoholism Center. ANTHONY C. NOTO (M'59} • is director of laboratories at Bon Secours Hospital in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Dr. Noto is an assistant clinical professor at Wayne State School of Medicine. 1960's DR. HARRY L. METCALF (M'60} • clinical associate professor of family medicine at Millard Fillmore Hospital, was a contributing author of the special report , " The 1984 Report of the joint National Committee on Detection , Evaluation , and Treatment of High Blood Pressure," published in the May edition of Archives of Internal Medicine. 1950's 1940's RICHARD J . JONES (M'43) • of Chicago, Illinois , writes , "January 1984 , I retired from the AMA staff, where I served as director of the Division of Science and Technology. Have since entered into full-time private practice of internal medicine and enjoying it immensely." RALPH T. BEHLING (M'43) • of San Mateo, California, writes, " Retired in 1983 . I made the 40th Class Reunion , it was great seeing the old gang. I keep busy dabbling in real estate and playing tennis." DR. ARTHUR]. SCHAEFER (M'47) • clinical associate professor of ophthalmology at Buffalo General Hospital, received the Lucien Howe Award for an outstanding paper on surgery ("Surgery of the Upper and Lower Eyelids for Involutional Changes" ) from the Medical Society of the State of New York at its recent annual joint convention with the New York State Ophthalmological Society in New York City. PAUL T. BUERGER (M'49) • JAMES A. CURTIN (M' 50) • is a governor of the American College of Physicians for the Washington , D.C. metro area. Dr. Curtin, a specialist in internal medicine and infectious diseases, is chairman of the Department of Medicine at Washington Hospital Center, and is a professor of medicine at George Washington University. DR. THOMAS M. FWOD (M'66) • has left Joslin Clinic in Boston, Ma., after 14 years. He is the new medical director of the Atlanta Hospital and Regional Diabetes Center in Atlanta, Ga. MYRA R. ZINKE (M'50) • writes, " Beginning July 1, 1984, I will serve as staff psychiatrist at the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital in Towson, Maryland, in Geriatric Psychiatry. I completed a residency in psychiatry at the University of Maryland june, 1983 . Took a year's sabbatical in which I traveled , wrote and studied." DR. MILFORD C. MAWNEY (M'53) • clinical professor of medi- 37 DR. ARTHUR W. MRUCZEK (M'73} • clinical ins tructor of ophthalmology, was elected president of the Medical Society of the County of Orleans, 1984-1986. MELVIN PRATTER (M'73) • of Paxton , Massachusetts, is an associate professor of medicine and director of the Pulmonary Function and Exercise Physiology Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. Dr. Pratter was the recipient of the Pulmonary Academic Award from NIH . HOWARD R. GOLDSTEIN (M'74) • was elected to a fellowship in the American College of Surgeons at the October meeting in San Francisco. Dr. Goldstein has a practice in adult and pediatric urology and is a clinical assistant professor of surgery at Rutgers Medical School. 1970's DR. JOHN STEFANO (M'75) • operates a laser facility in Winchester, Md ., in association with a cataract operating room in cooperation with jefferson Memorial Hospital. He is applying modern techniques of medical lasers, artificial implant materials, and microsurgery. He is a member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the Outpatient Ophthalmic Surgery Society, and the American Medical Association . He is boardcertified by the American Board of Ophthalmology and is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. ARETA KOWAirVERN (M'72) • is associate director of pediatric JEFFREY P. POWELL (M'75) • has completed five years of Naval military service as chief of ARNOLD N. LUBIN (M'62) • is a specialist in pediatrics at the USAF Regional Hospital in Eglin , Florida. DONALD P. PINKEL (M'51) • received the Albert Lasker Award and the University of Buffalo Award. Dr. Pinkel , who resides in Rydal , Pennsylvania, is a professor of pediatrics at Temple University. hematology-oncology at Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois, and is a clinical assistant professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago. RICHARD B. NARINS (M'63) • received an award from the family medicine residents of the Deaconess Hospital at their graduation ceremonies for outstanding training in the ambulatory specialties (in dermatology), June, 1984 . �--- - ----~-~--- ~-- - CLASSNOTES ENT at the Naval Hospital, Camp LeJeune, North Carolina. He is now in private practice, Suite 303, Chesapeake Medical Building, 200 Medical Parkway, Chesapeake, Virginia 23320 . EUGENE H. HIRSH (M'75) • a specialist in gastroenterologyinternal medicine in Atlanta , Georgia, was elected a fellow of the American College of Physicians in 1984. His wife Frieda has started a company manufacturing decorative knee coverings for infants and toddlers. The Hirsch's have two sons, Josh , 6, and Ben, 2. JOHN CORBELLJ (M'75) • ad- dressed the American College of Physicians meeting held in Kings Island , Ohio, October 1984. Dr. Corbelli 's topic was "The Cleveland Clinic Experience in Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty." WILLIAM I. COHEN (M'75) • writes "after two years as assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh , I entered the private practice of developmental and behavioral pediatrics and family therapy (May, 1982). Since 1979, I have been teaching workshops on clinical hypnosis in Pittsburgh , Baltimore, and other eastern cities under the auspices of the Sheppard & Enoch Pratt Hospital , Baltimore. Currently writing a book with Drs. Mark King and Charlie Citrenbaum on modern hypnosis for habit disorders. DR. EDWARD J. ROCKWOOD (M'80) • completed a residency in ophthalmology at Cleveland Clinic Foundation. He married Joann Agnello, a former Millard Fillmore Hospital secretary, and now works at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute in Miami , Fl. He just published "Combined Malignant Lymphoma of the Eye and CNS (Reticulum-Cell Sarcoma)" in ANGEW M. DEL BALSO (M'78) • an alumnus of the Schools of Medicine and Dentistry (DDS '72), recently gave a Continuing Education Program at the combined meeting of the American Academy of Oral Pathology and American Association of Oral Surgeons in Boston. His topic was ''Advances in Diagnostic Imaging of the Maxillofacial Structures." Dr. De!Balso is currently serving as a commander in the Navy at the Bethesda Naval Hospital in charge of Head and Neck Radiology. a specialist in orthopaedics in Portland, Maine writes, "Just returned from Fellowship in England and Switzerland following residency in Rochester; Meredith and three PHILIP S. ANSON (M'79) • journal of Neurosurgery, Dr. Milford Maloney '53 daughters doing fine ; let us know if you 're passing by." 1980's ANITA VIGORITO (M'80) • writes, "Back in Buffalo after a year in private practice and involved in residency training and seeing private patients through the Department of Family Medicine.'' ELLEN M. TEDALDI (M'80) • resides in Bronx, New York , and is a specialist in internal medicine at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center. DR. BARRY S. FELDMAN (M'81) • recently joined a practice of preventive family medicine in Niantic, Ct. He completed his residency in family practice at Brookhaven Memorial Hospital of SUNY Stony Brook and is on staff at Lawrence and Memorial Hospitals. He resides in Niantic with his wife, Cecile, and son , David. has finished residency training in internal medicine and is now a staff physician at the Army Hospital , Ft. Stewart, Georgia. DAVID WELDON (M'81) • DEBORAH SUE MALUMED-BARTON (M'81) • has a private practice in family medicine in Long Beach , California. of OB-GYN at the Yale, New Haven Hospital. RICHARD L. COLLINS (M'83) • nounces he has opened an office for the practice of ophthalmology at 1487 Colvin Boulevard in Kenmore, New York . Dr. Areta Kowal-Vern '72 August, 1984. RICHARD R. LUBELL (M'80) • is an associate in the Department JAMES F. TWIST (M'80) • an- DR. RUSSELL J. VAN COEVERING II (M'77) • clinical instructor in gyn-ob at Buffalo General and Children's Hospitals, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, was a member of the American Fertility Society Delegation that lecture-toured throughout the People's Re- gist. She was formerly chief resident in the Department of Pathology. She specializes in anatomic and clinical pathology. public of China. Among the hospitals visited were the Capitol Hospital in Beijing and the Shanghai First Medical College. Lecture topics included laporoscopy, endometriosis, adhesion prevention , and estrogen replacement in menopause. DR. MARY GEORGE (M'80) • has been appointed to the medical staff of Millard Fillmore Hospital as associate patholo- 38 has accepted the position of second year resident in internal medicine at the Tufts University School of Medicine Hospital System in Boston , Massachusetts. Dr. Collins hopes to return to his hometown after completing his training in Boston in order to establish a private practice in internal medicine in the area. �DEATHS Reinstein's legacy: a natural preserve A fluence on Cheektowaga's history. He earned his law degree from UB in 1922 so that he could deal in real estate. He bought large tracts of undeveloped land in Cheektowaga at a time when only he envisioned the urbanization of the then agricultural town. By the 1960's, he owned all but two of the parcels of land along the entire stretch of Como Park Blvd. He gradually sold off much of the land to developers but his estate still retains up to 500 acres of mostly commercial property, including the Como Mall land . After he had acquired a large portion of southern Cheektowaga, he foresaw the need for future through-roads. As a result, he is responsible for the early planning and location of Walden Avenue and Como Park Blvd., two of the metropolitan area's major roads. Dr. Reinstein's crusty exterior belied his behind-the-scenes generosity. Reinstein Woods Preserve is only his most recent contribution. He is considered to be Cheektowaga's biggest single benefactor in terms of donated land . In 1951, he donated S10,153 for the Dr. Anna M. Reinstein living legacy of twelve lily-padded lakes and a pristine landscape of ancient trees, trillium flower beds, and beaver houses. This is Dr. Victor Reinstein's final philanthropy. Dr. Reinstein, who had been UB's oldest surviving medical graduate (M' 16), died last May 27 at the age of 89 of kidney and heart failure. Described in a Buffalo News Magazine cover story in 1978 as " the single most influential person in Cheektowaga's history," Dr. Reinstein will be remembered for his many generous contributions to Cheektowaga, UB, and the State. A descendant of German and Ukrainian-Polish nobility, Dr. Reinstein was born in Buffalo in 1894. Early on, he acquired a love of the outdoors, which led him ultimately to acquire and develop the 252-acre Reinstein Woods Preserve, a biologically remarkable sanctuary that is now in the process of being transferred to the State of ew York as an educational and research preserve. Significantly, the idea of using it as a major research location by UB is under consideration. Dr. Reinstein's interest in land largely explains his great in- Mrs. J ulia R einstein a dm iring wildflowers a long th e sh ore of th e R einstein Woods P r eser ve's largest lak e. (Inset: the late D r. Victor Reinstein .) "'~ 0 z § I c.. 39 �- -- ------ -~- ----- DEATHS her B.A. and law degrees from UB, while his second wife Julia Boyer taught at UB 's History Department for two years. Julia, whom he married in 1942 , is today Cheektowaga's only Town Historian. She maintains his papers, her historical collection , and with the help of her children , the estate and preserve. Surviving are sons Victor Jr. , and Robert , both of whom attended UB; daughter Julia Anna , and two grandchildren. With his other love of engineering, Dr. Reinstein personally surveyed and directed the construction of the 7.5-mile paved road system on the preserve, as well as the dams and lakes. He acquired the preserve in the 1930s, much of it owned by only one other owner since the Indians lost it. The preserve contains a large tract of virgin beech , cherry, and maple, some with diameters of five feet and over 300 years old. One naturalist found beech trees with graffiti carved by early settlers dated 1854 and 1872. The forest lighting resembles a green cathedral and it is one of the largest old growth stands in the State. The lakes are pure enough to drink from . Beaver houses dot the shore, while muskrat, mink , raccoon , fox , and deer roam its shores and waters. Memorial Loan Scholarship Fund to UB to finance women medical students from the Western New York area. In 1960, he donated $100 ,000 to build Cheektowaga's primary library, named also after his mother, Anna Reinstein . He later donated another $100 ,000 to enlarge the library, as well as to house the Reinstein papers and historical library. At Elmira College, his wife's alma mater, he established the Julia Boyer Reinstein Local History Foundation , housed in that college's library. In 1978 , he donated 2 Yz acres to the Town of Cheektowaga to construct the Julia Boyer Reinstein Library on Losson Road. Although the structure has not yet been built , the library fund he donated totals over $100 ,000. He donated land in the 1960s and 1970s to create several Cheektowaga neighborhood parks, one of them Nakomis Park . When the N.Y. Central Railroad planned to sell its land , Dr. Reinstein donated $225 ,000 to the town to acquire it, making Stiglmeier Park the largest town-owned park in New York State. B ut it is his private nature preserve for which he was proudest. It is expected that by 1985 , the preserve will be in State hands and open to educational groups and researchers. Besides the great value of the 152-acre preserve, probably several million dollars, Reinstein set up a $250 ,000 operating fund for the State to use for the preserve's expenses. A member of the last UB medical graduating class (1916) that did not require a premedical degree, Dr. Reinstein practiced medicine with his mother, Dr. Anna Mogilova Reinstein , in her downtown office until 1948 when she died . He saw patients at his home until 1960 when he retired . His mother, a gynecologist , received her M.D. in 1891 in Switzerland. The rest of his family all had UB associations. His father Boris received his second Ph.D. from UB, while his sister Nadina earned her M.D. here. His first wife, Honorine, earned The whole setting is remarkable enough , let alone that the vestpocket wilderness is located in highly urbanized Cheektowaga. To this day, few of the town's residents realize it is there. The preserve's roads curve everywhere because the doctor didn't want to cut down any of the large trees. He was very protective of it , even confronting trespassers who shot at him. He was awarded the Sertoma International Annual Award in 1969 for his philanthropy and was recognized by Cheektowaga in 1964 and by the Cheektowaga Police Benevolent Association • in 1980 for his donations. A secluded turtle pond and great blue heron habitat in the center of the Reinstein Woods Preserve. 40 �CALENDAR THE FORT LAUDERDALE CO~FER­ ENCE ON PEDIATRICS • February 7-10, 1985, The Fort Lauderdale Marriott Hotel and .'\1arina, Fort Lauderdale, Fl. C.redit hours: 20. Fee: Physicians in Practice, 275 and Allied Health Professionals. 150. THE SARASOTA NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PEDIATRIC LUNG DISEASES • March 15-17. 1985, Sarasota Hyatt House, Sarasota, Fl. Sponsored by: Continuing Medical Education and the Department of Pediatrics, UB, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, Fl. Credit hours: 20. Fee: Physicians in Practice. 275 and Allied Health Professionals 150. For the above two conferences please contact: Rayna Saville, coordinator, Continuing Medical Education, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, 210 Bryant, Buffalo, NY 1-t222 . (collect) 716-878-7630. ARRHYTHMIAS FOR FAMILY PHYSICIANS & INTERNISTS • Februaf)- 18-20, 1985, Marriott Harbor Beach Resort Hotel, Fort Lauderdale, Fl. Sponsored by Buffalo General Hospital, SUNY Buffalo, St. Michael's Hospital, llniv. of Toronto. Contact: Cardiac Study Fund (716) 836-5172, 8-!5-2165, Box 114, Hiler Branch. Buffalo, Y 14223. • DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAMS • jan. 4, 1985, Friday, 10:30 a.m. - "Polygraphy: Reliability and Validity, Use and Abuse." Edward Katkin, Ph.D., professor and chairman, Department of Psycho- logy, UB • jan. 11, Friday, 10:30 a.m. '1\.mbiguous Genitalia: Counseling the Patient and Family." Tom Mazur, Psy D., clinical assistant professor of psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry; director, Psychoendocrinology Department, Children's Hospital • jan. 18, Friday, 10:30 a.m. "Family Courts From a Child's Perspective." Paul Steinhauer, M.D., professor of psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario • jan. 25, Friday, 10:30 a.m. - '1\. Description of the Pre-School Evaluation and Treatment Program at Children's Hospital." Bruce Bleichfeld, Ph. D., clinical assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, UB; director, Therapeutic Pre-School & Evaluation Program, Children's Hospital. The above four programs will take place in Erie County Medical Center Amphitheatre, 3rd floor. • jan. 10, Thursday, 10:30 a.m. - "Recent Developments in Reseach on Schizotypy." :\1ichael Raul in, Ph. D., associate professor, Department of Psychology, UB, and Daniel Trigoboff, Ph.D., Psychology Service- Buffalo VA Medical Center, Rm. 110-I. • jan. 30. Wednesday, 9-10:15 a.m. "Current Trends in Psycho-educational Assessment of Children." Mitchell Parker, Ph.D., Psychiatric Center Auditorium. For further information on these two groups of programs, contact Dept. of Psychiatry Office of Continuing Education at (716) 895-2986, 462 Grider St., Buffalo, NY 14215. • ------------------------------------------------------------------- IIIIII NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 2210 BUFFALO, N.Y. 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Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-HSL008 Subject The topic of the resource State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine--Periodicals Medical colleges--New York (State)--Buffalo--Periodicals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. School of Medicine Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Buffalo medical review Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Buffalo Physician Magazine LIB-HSL008 Document A resource containing textual data. 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You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).  https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/7569887e95c3257d4a6a887c0b1ba8e3.pdf ee705bba117bfbaca5899c1a57f68170 PDF Text Text \ New Yo'r k 75he I COMM·U NJ:ST New York, Saturday, June 21, 1919 VoL I, No. 10 PriceS ceuta Proletarian Dictatorship A Speech by Nicolai Lenin Tranalated ~1 J. W-.JenkiD T HOt ;C H thf' l a~t MOKmw ~oviet ConpeN came to t111"' r.cndu... •on that the m"in ta!"k of thr R u...,_c 1an ~n'if't Go\ernment i~ Lhe creation nf a ri;! ld oq!'anuatJUn t opr1her with n !>h enpt.henu~ t.f d •....:•plme. thf m ajunt)· of tlar ....n_rLI"'U do n ot ~ ~n ­ eiJt'r l11f' 3J•pl•ca\Jun u f (. omp••l~•on and_ d11: t a ll_up n~~ar,· to tht' rc.~lazntion of th~ dOC'1,.JflfiJo . 1 he pr~um puon Uta ! the t ran ~ ll •~ n h um 'cnpi_~li"m t u 5oc ~.1 lt!"m will bt- l'()ft.!lll•lr. • ·uhout com J•UI!"Wn ~nd d ictAtio n, i.• lt op1an oncl I'C.h"t:le-!> . • Thr \1Ar:uAn the~J n m r"l t:OI[•h ll tu·a ll y rrfutM 11\1 !\t;C"h ~t.ty· ,. ., buurf " ' ''· (l~•ocrntic , ana~cha:-tu: n on:-C"fl<,('_ _1 ht drveJ.,pment uf Ru....,.. in durin~ tht> _ year 1 9 1 , : 1~. ha~ i "du::~bh· ron f•rn:«< ,hr ~t .~~. r,um con.:~ph n n, and only tho~ "'·h o arc H:r)' p.tup1d o r "'ho "'·•Hull~· rrH'rl t ht" uuth. can fno l to comprehend th i11. t!l.rr the d u:wto r"l11p 1.{£ 1-\o rnilcw o r !he dinntor· ahip of tlu· pro letariat ; th:rr con..~ nn uther "'·ay thl'lnkl- to t h~ tremrndou.~ tempo of d e:,·clopmt"nl in Ru~..ia and t.h:- ~uddeu trami!U.lD!o due to the dJJ<.organ.iutJOn creotcd br the war. ' vo-- .,,.~. lcM <'f millioru, of the Jab...ring 11tand that thr»e courta are the orgaDI a{ the and expl o n~ oa'~ to pa.rticipa!e ind,.;::ndelltl)' of the laboren and poorer peu.a.nD, a mea. ef tn the atfatn. of tl1~ ~ lalf'-i o admim$teJ tile stale. education and d.iaciplioe. Thetot mM-se. lea.rn thrpu~h u.eir ~WD e!pCrienoe! The C'llD&Ciou.mesa, Uw the a:Wn foe~ Of 1M t o Kl~ ·t the nlllfot reliable leader!! among tl1e d ili· Ru~•ian rt"''Oiutioo .ire hungei- and UDCDlploJ"'Df!!li Clplmt"<illnd t'OD'<iOU.' \'IW£"U.1td o f tin: ptuietarinl did not aufficiently peoettale the m.i.Dd. ,bf 1M Uut " d icu tor~hip'' i& a "'·ord which sh ould not be u..oed nl':r cl~· as n hu llo\o· r.ow1d. Oic ta t· rt-hip mas!>es, t.till I~!, the knowledgr. that e.ch oae wl:w, \·ic.late5 !he diw:ipline DOCC$.S&.t)' d~ the P~ me11n ~ jru11 rn if!l.~ a revol utiona r,·, enc:r~etic po"'·er, or laltor, i... C4Uling hunger ADd- unemploymeatinrxor.al..!c in t1•r- ~<u pp re-:~i on o f elLplo iter&, L" \o'ell m u&t be adequately, puni,hed; JDUII be iDd.ica:tid D!o the ~> l um· prv! c:t.ariat \huodlum., t . Hitherto th~ belore the J>«>ple and unrelen~ly pW>iabal. Tloo J-rr>lct.n l<ln J id a ton.l.iF. h1Ui not ix.'ICn stead fast pet!~ bou r~c:oia ter.denciea, .,.·bic:,h mu be merptenouJ!h. li mml not oc: fo rfullen th:~t t !lt hour· icall) com ba~ted, 3ft, due,to I~ of u.ndc:ntandiac Feo i, ie and pc:m· LvU t flr"'i.!>ie C'Jmhut the So\'iet p o"'cr 111 h•·o difierenl Wit)·~: in d1e h n,t pl»cc, by 1\nd to ll1e c •rcUlll!li.&DOe that pet11 bourroia ret.. ti o n~ •tiil influenc~ many wbo uy to thame),..: overt method.. uf cumpiracy. K ornilo,·ist riots, lie:. "'Aa for me. the rest may periab." · . in the p ti!:!-!io of the C.dets, Men~h e\· iki and Right· Thb comba~ bet"ceu .prolet.a.riaa cli.:ipli:M ad Socia i· Hf",·ol ution•riC"; and in U1r- t.icl.lnd p lace, by conceal~· m ean.o. ~uch ._,. the utih z..-, tion of ~II the petty h ourgeoi.a teadenciCii arpean U. iu'IDOC dr• dccayin!! t:lemenl!. in order to augment b riber)·, tic ft~ rm in the: railroad problem. . , . (After poU. lad.. .. r di~>Cip lme.. and chaos. The nea rer the com- ing oul t.h'e Deee:Aity ol introdLlCin« ~ vlete f.Upprc...,o;ion o £ bou tl!eoiJ! ?~"''t:f apprriach~, di.Kipline in the railroad admini&tratioa, ~ •.urns up the quCPtioo ·of pc:non&J dict.atonb.ip lb~ t~e F.lc:.alr J hcc(Jate!o the pett )' bourgeois,.,.narchistic inf: thai n ot only • ·u it oeeee6IJ')' ia (orr..er nl'fVI~ ' ti0ru, bl.!! altO that it doc. DOl· CGDJlict with ... ifll! milli on!', There art' two catlHI! "'·h ich mal.e dict.tDnhip imperati\·r duri n!! the U an .. ition JW=rio.d fro~ car,· itah.!-m to ~ocia li f.m-ltnd the dJr:t;1tor111np a.uru 10 two directiuzu. TJ,c ru J~etarint cann'ot conquer \1\' ithn ut ~u ppta~in~ the rulmJ! ci a:.~. who arr n.ot willinf! to renou nc~ tJu~i r pri,·i l~~. and \1\'ho \o\'111 enclea,·or to o\·erthrow the hated po"'·~r of the JHO• I.e..,;,.,, Un tJ•c other h and. n o rreat rM'l.llution, ,d above all n o SociaiUt ·r~·olution, i.s. po!!-! ible! •!tout ch·il war- C\'C!n if n o exterior war if l ouJ!hL . It doeo uot require much mt ntnl ·e xertion to undentan d that variow clements, mo~tly . ll.n.>M! connecte!d with t.ht vrtt~ b ourt;:eoisie. un~ot Lut re\·eal thnn.<.<lv~ in their true lif:ht by r obbery, tpeculati on, bribery, etc., and time and an iron · band are requir&t to r;uppreu thC*e Lh.inge. In all ~real re,·ulutiom the people hne in· atinctiveh· unden tood the tTue ttate (Jf afTairs, and acted "'·i'thout mercy a,zaimt the bur~lan, who were o ht'D r.hllt o ut o f hand The mi, !ortunc of I o~r rl!:"·olutions WA.! thJt the enthWiiasm, whit:b is nec~~n fo r the reallz.ation of theec meaau.re&, wu o r ahC'~t1 duration. : Thi! enthu•i~m animated m R.!i!loiC'l' ool,· l or a !-hort time. because the worken pll1yed a ~datively unir'lport~ part in former r~·oluti oru.. The proletaria\ ir. able, if it ia Dumet· icall y &tron,, d isciplined and d &.M-conacious•. to a ttract the m ajor ity or the ' Jahoriug and exploited ma.~ and thWI r etain p ower lonr enou~th to effect· i,·el)· r.upp ren all exploilet5 and all elemenlll ol deca~·. Thi.! r;upport5 the historic e xperience which Ma rx recApitulated in a brief but drutic formula : ..the p ro letarian dictaton.h:p." Tha t liM" Rua.o.ian l'e\:o lutioo trod the rigbt path in order t ... fulfill the hi!torie miuion of the wori{. en. ~ pro•en by the triWD)lt,. which bu been &I· tained by all thf pcooplt'!'l of Rue!lia, through the So'·iet powe.r., The So,·iet powtT i!l the organ iration ol the proletarian l.ietatorabip. the noguard ol the cl. . which it creating a new dea1ocraey and ioduc- So'·iet power.) Nrw York State Lqca4 &Dd ~ a ...... cbea, AttODtioo I The fir!t mectiD8 :h e Pro ,·isional Leh " i:tf ~late Caucus 'll'&li hd d in A lloany, ) \ilit 8th. ll\~ !...undlltion o i a Statr.:·'ll'lde organ· JJ we arr n ot ~. we hn.c: that to ...... n ite the need ol compul1ion d~ tbe .tr..W.• lrt~m capitaliam to Socialism. The: rorm or c:a:. pu~s i o n i:. det-'flDinrd by tbe ~ of dnc:lop~ of the rredomiaant n:'\'O)utiO:n.&.'J' d----t. '*-"' or iution M'll.., )aid ; in \·iew o f the upuls ion tactic!io of o ur o&ici.1.ldom it ~hoo\'eti '!''try U'in~ Local and Branch throughout the St.l~ t o a&illat~ itKI( with the Pro,·i.sional State: Caucus &a thai we can all acl in hllrmon\'. Ta.L.e thie que~tion up at the n ext Centril Committee mrct.ing o f your Loca l or Bra.nch and cl«1 a delegl!lle to Srracute. Minutes ol prniout meeting IC'Dt on requart. Don'J Jorf.el.' · Prm:i.Ji.o(IIJJ U/J 'Win« Sl.alt CGU(:U.I med.t mined by ' that which wu inhcri.lo:l fTOID a lobi react ionary ......,., and D,- th£ &J'1JIIeCi poww , . re.i! tanc.e of the boUTlf'Oir.ie:: 'fbt: t!fl'ermae b. l\1\'ce~ proletHian and hourgeoia dictatonhip U. in the !act that the fof'IDtr il directed ~w.t 6. · Left in Syro.tuk', July 4Ua. u ploiti"" rriiMriJy in the i.a.t.e:rest of tbe aploiuJ majori:y--cach indirido.a.l rdorm il P"~ota:l DCIII only by the laborint! aud i:zploited cl-- bat u.. UuoLLf!b Lt.cir organiu.tio• (u for U..... d. . So\'iel) . In the epedal ...., which io ' 8CDI IO . M.uuoUUt ConEN, & crelG,.,. unity of •·ill. Pro•~ional Lch Wing Caucu• del~ the labor -o! btiDCb<oio, lhour;a.nds and lena ol thoua&Dda. Thia ha 43 W. 29th St., N. Y. C. aJ..._,.. beea ocknowled!ed by otudeota of Socialiom • ... firRt condition, and thla ca.n be ereatlld ODJy by . . euhject i~n of the ..-ill ol thoUN.Dd.. to the will of memce. These c:lc:men~ canaot be f o~ht IWlely by meam o f A@'i~tion ; the application Of compul· •,ion beco me& acoesury. The ml.lre the admioistn· tion ol .ocicty. and n ot the euppreuioo the bour,eoisi~. becomee the chief activity or the So,·i· eu, J}1e m ore: the People'• T r ibur:d....=--not lynching court.--mu.t .~ene u tht n•eana of compul&ion. nu~ rnolutionary Dl8Mell have aJr~dy t.a.ken the initial alc:p! io the: fi@ hr d irection by thtt ct ealion ol the: People's Tribunai.A. But they are n ot yell atrons m oU@h; they ha,·e not yet li..bc:rated them· .elvee tuftciently from the !lpirit ol the hour~ecUie. The peoptc are not yd coa.ciow eooll!b lo UDder- or dd.orml-1 hy .... .,r m odern aitu.ation. we: muit alate tbiu Ml larp indi,'ii:Jual iqd~atry. i. e... the buil prodacDe. and the foundation or Soei.aliam. requi.tw, . , . . All eonununiution1 ed credential• abould be ' one indi,;dual. Thi. •ubjectioa may ....._ . . mild form of ro.ana@'c.meDl. if grm& cl... ~ nc:~~~F and di~ ipline prevails iD tbc: r_anb ol 1be work.in~ clus, ur il •dll ba~ to U&UJDe the ---lurm nr dictation il disciplioe .. lu..' Bat i p - cue absolute tubject.ioo ia DeOtiiUJ'Y• b the ~ road coDCef'DS it ia twofold. tbmelold • impona&. The transition lro~ ooe political proM.. ID opother, _,hich ...,., to be ...~r dill.....,., .... tin,ui!'ht'! the preaent-da; period, aDd wt.er- dlil tran~itit>n cannN noid .boc:b aDd ncillat:i--. .... bi~hat perfection of the •epani el ... tariat il ill iroD dDc:ipUae. . . Friday, june 20th ,..a. Friday, June 20th MONSTER MASS MEETING FRIDAY, 8 O'CLOCK-MADISON SQYARE GARDEN TO PROTEST THE RAID ON n~SOVIET. BUREAU COMRADE I.. C. A K. MARTENS WIJ..l.. E THE PJUNOPAL SPEAKER. OTHER SPEAKERS TO ANNOUNCED Uoder the auspices of The Ruuiu Soc:ialiat Feder.tion Madison Square Gaiden M~di..c;on Square Garden, .· �z The New Yorio: Co!amuaiet 6h. New York COMMUNIST wa., ~ Ollicial Orpa 01 tho Left Jou~ Socialiat P.ny O....ed aDCI C:O..tn>Ded by Local Cn.ter New Yn t:tlilor R.i:ED • EAoMONN M.AcAI... I:q; Anocidu Ed&so:- • BEIUAWIN G JTLOW £dilori<J 80Grd . Bwir-UJ Mo.n.agt1' N. I. H OUk'flfiCR M. ZUCIEJI B. D. Wol.Tl: J. Wn.rNJ<"' Pabliabod E•..., Weok. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Yeu --------·-----------S3.00 6I Month• ___ !--___ __________ _____ 1.50 3 Monlh> - -'------- - -- ---- ---- .75 SiJl&le CopieJ , 5 Cerw lfundle- Orden uf 10 or O\'U, 30 Centa ·a Copy. 43 Weal 29th Street - • • New York City Com.radr John Rud haJ lu ·en 1 ranlrd o jew •rrL' lrcwt in o rdn to fi nil h IW bo.'Jk, ''1\orn.ilotJ 8rrJt -LI/ ot•Jic" u:hich i.J o'nnvuncrd to opp<or in Srpumbn . u~ tl'ill corvrrw.t l o conlribu.u to IM ptJfHr duriri« IW ohunce. In ga Gr-tm' ~ th f t1 Lcf v:· S«t' f th l l\• Soci:li~~~~;,._ ~at ~ r~/:r~ i\'r~· ~~-:r~. Th; Comn:unt.'l e'lrfi'J:o ,: rC'r!in~ • tn the- dd e;=atc:s to the l\fttlo nal l.d t Win!l Con fe-rence., lhe rep re&ent.alt't'art of lhe rl!'\olutiunat)' ~l'irit of the ""·o rki ~ rna..._.. ~ of Am,.rica. All o,·er the earth the woiken ar e r il.i11 p to f"r m the ne"'· tbwn which i_., alre&d)· hri f! hl in thr ea ~t e rn ,.k~-. In RU! :- ia and Hun~Dr)', the " orkerl' are hU1ldinJ! the neM' !oOC'iet y or lhe • Socia li,.t Com munh ealt h. C'On... trur tinp Socia list order out C\f the rh:.u~ of Upita li!'m. In Germ :m~· th~ :;: pnri iH' itit" arr "' r'~'"~ 11 dt'::l!•t'u tr confli ct for u.e CUn"JUC'I of po"·er. an d thro\!l!liout lhe old world the- cl ru..~ co n_ "i'iou! "·nr l.t:-s .srt rnar,.h a llin~ their for ctl! for the 5nal .!.~ sault on the ci tadel of C..pil.lt li"m - .. 'fb!::Si flte3t cha n!!~ ha\'e prod uc-al much thai i1 p:l or ioul'i And hf'rojc, Ffe.B t Cnmr adec hne made the final ~arriftce in the hlrunl e, and u.e hearu or Soci ali"'IA thf' • ·orl d O' 'er heat -.-·ilh new enthu,.iau.m. our ComradMi han lt«n tried and not ~ound ""'antin g. Hut mucL that cl oud!> the &ky or our hopes hu al so h11 r~ewJ . Rrac ti on ha.s found a ready rn;pon!-e in c-.ertain ~ti on~ n£ our mo\·ement, and . "hal we had h ithert o been d ispMed to bfolit"ooe M'R..'! merel )' a diflf'fe-nce of ""'BY~ an d me.1n! of accom-. p li1ihing a cnmmon obja:-t , ha." den~l oJlC'd into a ~a~:e3~;~;j~he,. tJ~~~.~~·r:l·~~e ,kn.~f.,~:;~.Ae ~nul~: rank!! were manv M'hllm "'e felt ""·o~ ld falter in the dte ifoi \·e hour . bUt f,.". drr;a.mt th at we Wtr.t' har M r in~ ""·ithin our bo1o0m.' lhe ,-i pen of hourtz:eoi• read ion . A" a result of tht> dt"Yrl opmenL& of the "rrugs le ~hf' mtJ,·ement. "'hO!OC eolidllrit y • ·ap.. our bC\.:l.! t, has been 11plit in fra~eniA. But our luk admitJI of , no rerreu , we must profit fr om the experienctf' of th ~ in Action . It i!l O«au!lt of the!it devel opmtntJI and bec'au!oe -.-·e are determined In learn the lt:M.on! they te~ch , thai yo u are to Father in convention. Tkc o5ct. "''t'Te tl•oratt«hly nnNck.od. m0111 o{ the paper!l ~eiud without anyone being allowed to m~e a record, and D"uch w:antoo ~ done, "·hile Com.r.d~ ~tanena and memhen uf hi.. •tali d --' bd h ..-ere ugl'""" ore t e commi ttee an.J •uhjected to • @Till in@ l)rhind clolled door~ evn~ belntt deuied couin-cl. Find bg that thew: bruul lM:tiCI l'' tr"e not a& populu as " ' &.5 ima~oed, the commi nce ha.s t.Ucn u :fuFT in • denial o r r~pomibil it y, tho u~ thr C.ct that it proc:erdeJ to p;IJ the men &.frm:r..l dearlv prO\'et that the raid W»!l cvried out ila cllrer:tiona. '\\"hilt' it i~ true that Rut-!ia is not recorni.zed by the go\:ernmt-nt o f the linited States, )"d ~·ond douLL Comrade Martens has a Km i-ofbcial 6laluS in this c.o untr_~'- On bem~~rointed to h i~~o pr~ office he not1f1ed the Feder a t;o ,•rmment of bi!l presenct and h i!! mi,.!- ion h~r~. Tnt::!le fac~ w o ~.tld ~ l!ufbrien l, under an)· ~o,·ernment carr ied on with r~~~t for the oh~,· anc e of capit a l i~ t '' lepalit)'." to prottJCI Cum rade Marten!- fr om inte rference ft um IIR)' h•Urce otl1er than the FWeral GovernmenL Yrt th_i ~ CO"_l mi~tee. - ·!,ich i~ at hn1 on I:\ an o&ici.al Stste mn~stl~a llfl f; hod,·, ~11 urnea the iu'hctioD.! of U~e n aliuu.:ll flO,·emme.nL If e\·eq· private indi\'!dua l~ "·ho h1 ppen1 to hne auffici,.ot moneved in ftu t:JK"e behind hin1 . i11 lo ~ a ll owed lo · Ul'utp ~o,·~rnn .ent u l po"'·en- , thm nen the b~-!1 of ca~ 11aJ1..t goYe r nmf'n~ are brokt- n dm.·n snd the countr y is homded " ''er to the ru le tJf t~ moh. Bourpeoi!- 'democrac~· ret.b upon the 6c:t ion thai til e FMernme-;1 is the orFa.nizN "'ill of the ~ople. l un~·tio n in~ though dul~· 31' 1Kiinted rep rnentati H~·. lnder the lawf, "·hid1 it hal' ~ up fo r iL" own •afety. the ri~h t ,,f thr indi , id ual to a c~rt ain mo. dicum "' lt'Curit)' fr om indiM: riminale violence U ~ultrant ~. Sor i ali ~U h nve ha d ample demonJtrati un that, in th ~ d:.~·a o f t ou~rin,:; cap ita li,:m. f'\l'll I he prett'II!IC of th~ fU.1tantt'W' II ha.' been ~"·rpt a:.ide. T he O\'etafl e "'fttker hall )d to lum t.hc lrue nft turt' of hrourj:eois' f!:O\'ernmt'nL Arc-.biba ld l. !-te,·en~m and the Lus.L: i n n~N igating comDlittet are con!:-ibuti rg to hie cduc...lton. v,- Recognizing "Ruaaia" AFTER ~ O\·er tlolo'O years of in i'Jl:itou! intr itue thtcapitalil'il J'O"''"n' o r" the "'·nrld h an· fin;.;;,. de-cidf'd i;:J I murl" ,;r !c:-.,. ('lf.'('t: p') 'i~· y 10 "·ard.~ R\;~· i.a.. And d •o:-ir deci :-ion ii in li ne "'·ith then prt'\'iou.s :•;~riio'~ ~~~o~d~ ~i.~~iu'~~~-3 ~1'~':%'~~~~~ •::!!. :~ d dPt'iti on. an . art> 10 rec:rive, open)~· and officia ll,-, ""·nrt~~'h:li~l 1 ;1~ ~~e ~h:e~~ti:~:. ~/~~:'i~t~ . P o"·eu is a f1ll i"'l! co nclu !- ior1 to one of the b t:.d:.~ chapten in lht' hi!itC\t)' of the "'·orld--the ltor~· of ~:rre~~~~~=:; ~~:i~~ IO •trang le the ~truggling It i! needle.oo!i to rcr:nunt her e the ouutand irlf' point~ in th i11 foul flt ory : Bre~.t Lilc\'llk and the fouh~eq uent German im·af.ion: 1h1 Allied in us ion; ~:m-:.~~;.:•~:mv~:;;a~~eunc~:'n~:;:~~o!1 ~tii~~o;m= P•• tAe inkr~•t ojtlw country . . . . my ~,., aJ lhe m Omf' nl wMn ~ Bol..hevi.ici au tk[uUuly crwkc/ II. ill ~ l.o fU t~ dDk (o·r the d~dloM ~ til,. CoiUiilu.t:rtl Auembl, . . . . Rw~t.o cannot nGIIP OIJd COII~I in tk ju.ture et!U ~ GltytAin« bul a dC'mocr(ll.c SJ4h 11.•Mre oJ/ qu.ulioM &nvollliJ&I modijico.Jio~ of 1~ JuriuJrMJ fro~ .nJ oJ rxtnn.al rrlotion.' mu.tl be roli~d by 0 reprutnt. tn~ body u•Ai.ch it I~ n.alio1141 upreuion of ~ P<Oplr' J 1 01~ fdj.'nly . • •• tM Gove ~nl offi,.., ~ rqll41ily br!Jort: lh.t: low o j all cili.;:eru w;itJ&c.ul Oil)' 1prciol pri· ·ileg,. All ,A,al/ rut:iflll!. ~illaou.t tii.J1 ;nr.1i.cn oj orisin or rt:li«ion, 1M pro~eetion of ~ S14k and oj lk low." \\' ith ll:ti• reply the p eal Powen e:a:preu themad ves N.ll:.fi,J. and money. food and munition. of "·•r are to ~~ furn i.shtd, that the bl oodv· ""·ort of m.alin~ Ru ~!in 511 le for capitali11m may So 00 TI1e recognition ac:x-orded Ko lchU h;a.l' not come u a t.urpr i~-t lo that &eetion of the -.. orlu:ra which und~tanch. the forces 11t work. Capit.ali51-lmpe-ria li ~ m co ultf nol do other than opr~ !lolshevurn. The fU CCC51; of BoiJ.e,·Um in H UAS i;~ , or in 11n y country-. r.p~ll s the doom of the presen1 eyatem of fiO<; II!ty. and tht> men who are assembled at Pui s ate conun il' siont'tl to lot!~!! that , whate,·er elte mn )· happen. cotpitali !'Jm ~urvi ,·a.. h ·.vu ·for Lhia res .. on that the .o\ s.'tOCi at ed Po~·era 6nt undert ook th~ i nnL~ i o n of Rus.., ia under co,·er of 8Jl6i ~ting the Cz.t'C hu SJ.:,,·al:s to leave tl1e countn and tde 1he field atz:ainst Germany on the WeN~ ff onL la n.si on hu been a ho~t.e failure. Th~ r~ rm an ad,·anc.e into RUII!I ia after Bre.tLit on,k broke d o"ll much of the d it~apeeme:nt tbat must - ~ec;~ari_l )· ari!ie durin~ the .first da)'l of the tram 1tt~n pt:no~ fr om ca pitali.!! m to SocialU.m; the ~IJ.rd ln\'a!i ~n ""'ept ""''' Y the remaiointt: d i~ l'f'nt.'o n!'. and umtcd the "·h nlf' popul ation l!tOiid ly aJ.lam!lt ut ern ul •rrrto.~ion. For 0 ,·er a ,·e:n &1 ,.(.e,·ik Ruf-~i• ha.... IH:Il"n hetnmC'd in Ly a r ing of forc: •fm bayondJ. , "hil t: fam ine rlutched at i~ throa t, hut lo,H man lhr Au ;;.... i• n ""·orl.er" and peuant!!, o ften wttJ• no olhr.r M't'apon!- ttUi n J.he ir bare h ands. rOH" to . the defense of the ft\'Oiut ion and thru j;l bac_k .the im ud~r&- .\IJ tite lime crying out the t=lad tH:hn~!'· o f thelt """' frerd om tn tlu-ir com· rade - ·orken of otlu;r laocfs. CheCL-ed in th,.ir effort!" to o\·erthrow tJ.e Solt.hf'\·iJ..i h)· a military ' im·a ~ ion the grea1 powen rc."''O Med to the dark ~-a~" of diplomacy. 1-·ut here tOol lhr - ·orke.re' Go\·emmerrt OutWIIlod ·.It[,,.r~· r"OI' nMI. m2rlt' to d i•uptthe worker,' hrr lolo 3!- at•• "'ereO M'ith appall infl frankn~. often replies. O\'et the h ead~ of the govemmenta., to lht penpln o: th e Allied countries. And then the All it!- l.leffan lh ei r rolicy of waitinl until atar\'ation would do it! work . • ·aiting,with but enough mililary arth·i~· to dr11w men from the field., 1~1 they reep nrw crop• and balk P..Lan·ation. But ~ain the Bola~. ,·iki conquered ; the work en of the Allied cnuntrim had heard the voice of Hu~ia and ber.ome reatii'JI!III, and louder and louder gr-ew the demand to withdraw the troop&and let Ru&..'! ia carve her own dt:IJl iny, a:ntil fin all y the Yer)' trOOp!- became. "conupted.." . Clearly in _face of thee dificuhim it wu irnpc. aHem pi to cut o'ff Petropad and •Larvl! iU popu· s~:eri:~~e :::t:c:•~n at)~oc::~i~~e ,t.~v:C~C:O:: lation to death: t~e food b lockade lo acco mpli.§.b And K I halt led the !iiOr\'llti on of the - ·hole counlry; the anemplcd l:~~t :~ment oro All~ed . re!i:~s It ';:\;,: d~tnction of the crO'ps of the Ukraine for the aamc I t d f bankru ... . I pur pof e ~ the S i~r i an death tra in: tht who;ew.t.e· .:e ;(;ff:a~ attempt ~0 pt l.aptla iun to ;:~'~" d~~~re:.~~l~in;~;·,r:~ PJ.~::~~d; ~:,i~ The treatment aoco~ded RuWa wu to be the Kid test of the ~ood witt of the AJiied natioD.!. eccord· Mr W 1 Bu th ood 'II f · lllf!: to . 1 &On. t e WI o DllJooa matter!l ltHie thf!."t: da ys, and ~1a i1 fated _to be more than the te&t of good RUAsta u the •c•~ lt:llt of ~e auc:ceM o_r fad_u_re of the wo~ld .ac:ra.l revolut•on. ln theu- ab•l!ty . to ~I W1th into tke 'belid that 8ol ~ht'\· i!lm was a foul. and ,-iciou~ 1\'rann\· . .. All t.he!'f' ftnd coUntlesa other incidrnt.!l 8re §tAmped on the heart!! of the cl ass tob · ~~eio ue "'·orken of all lands in )etten of lh·inf!: fire. And nnw C"omes the recopdtion of Kolchak ' 11 OJ~ re,-ime. and lhe promi ~~e of added men,U. to the f{ w:•ll. ~::::e~:':~!'·~~~~k :.~:ti~i~ ~=~S:iab~~ ~a;t.:~t b==~a~l~f ~ ~r:!i~~r:rk~·~dg;!: , !~~~r~:l ~ef= :: ;1:: ;.aJ•~:~:~o= tb! und.ta nf pol itic:.al and indU5trial opportuniml. ut on the aolid roc:k of te\'olutionary Socialiam. The tAU i• no one, youn it not to. pull dott'D the old atructure., it hu fallen of its own izmate decay, but to corutruct the DeW. 0.. your actions, ud abowe all oa the .c:ti oa. of the men and womeD in whoae PUIHIJ you •peak, depeods the 'immediate futarc .:.f our movemeaL The eym of OW' Europeu Comrade~ are ohm turoed towarcla America, they are • ·atehins ua in lhil crilia. We know Uw 1 ....., will be worthy ol easy U.. took ODd doe boar. Mob Go't'emment T HE toDUI}iHee • ·bicb is at preamt wutiUJ the muncy Of th:~ people of New York State iD wh1t purports to be an iD••l«•tioa of Bolahevi.u:n. diltinl!"ishod iuell on June 12, by a brutal raid on the ol"ac:ft of Corm;•de Mar1en1, the repreeentative in this coW'Itry .of the Ru ... ian SOvd GoventmenL The raid wu c:ol!duncd by the Stale coiUUibulary. h.. dod by one, Alcl>ibald E. Stnm· aon, who •pparmtly derivu hia power from the lad lllat h< ia oocn<ary of U.. L'ni"" I -.u• Club, ... d the nn•or 1hal ho io about to bo siftD • job ridt the iD'IfllliSaliq coaunitML .ntl. . In their letter propoein~ the llep the Aa&ociated Powers at ill Ute the urne ideali.Jtic I~ wbidl ebaracterind their announc:-emeat of inttrTeDtiGa. Then they diUYowed any de.\re to .. inte-rfere ia tbe intrmal affain of Ruuia;' and proceeded to illlerfere ae fnt aa troops could be ahippcd into the country; now they u.e the aelf -t.aJDe npnes.ion ""·hile throwins •upport to the only elf'merlta which •ill conform to the won& tr•ditions of Curill nale.. -r~ AUi<d ODd .fuocioud ..uA lo d.clor• .f.,..Jiy :ltat IM obj«< of lioN ~ U fo roe11ore peou trilh.in R.u1W. by eublin.8 Uc c-.........., ...,., RuuiM ptOpk ao re.MUne conlTol oj W.ir 0111" -1· lair.• !A roup 1M ilu~y of • freely •~ Co...U...."' ,f....,.!JU . ... ~ ,.w, 1o bo _ . . """ 1/oooc "'""'" lltiy .,. prc,..,.M 1o _.,. ·--.1 for I~ ci•IIGA4 Hlipxu libony of ~ IWui<a 0. IUetu orwl Klill maU n.o -.emp£ Jo rwiatroda.c. Me re1ime "' h ie~ 1M r~U,.,w,,. ,._ deMroyed ••• • So tbe miAeraMI farce of democralic aima coDI.i.D.Iae&, a~:d in h:.O ,..ply Kolcbalt, with the blood of the R... aian workers and peaaanla ad'll dripf,i.DI from. hia bayoh<U, with U.. ink oD hia ultu., orblclc!ia& the workcn to or(lraniA uder of cleat.b.. IICIIl yeo dry, the...,. 1....,..... . .. I &Mil- peaahz ..,.;,. ""' - - ..,. ,..,., *" ...,...,. llr ' bl•ck..Blain of lhe acid. ten of !'JOd . • will The r&. f K lehak · th c1n, f th f 1 cogtuiiOD 0 r~ 11' e • - 10 C~&J • are of the AI 1 .eht!!~Ja to defeat Bol ° Newa About Kolc:bak �The New York Comm~mial A Reply to a Non-Partisan League .Farmer B,. Ja1 Lo••to"'" v. (Co nl~ Ha1.1t wr n.ol of FtJmlu, ? l'\o! Thi' qu~tio n from liUt wtd.) in f!lorlA _DaiwUJ a Sovid df"• IA with the diffefe"DCefo be- twrcu ·the So' tet tu.d U1e .bour@"f".oi!l parliamentary ;tate. Ftnl of all, vour '"So\· irt~" are baJo<d Q.h the ,>onderou.!l 11pparalu., of unh·en;al •ufTuge. A reuuinr 5 0\·ic:t rrpl itfl imnn:d u1tely on ~uch or~au­ lc J!Toup~ ~ ..~·"'P· fa'ctor~· . mill and .o forth. ~­ ond : ) our "Sm·ie!'' ha!i no aeriou.. ~uarantee::,. of inunrdiate and dih:cl relation kh,·een elected and elKton.. Titirdl y: Your •·so,·iet'' i' chC~..r..n bran ~tmnr phulili ntlb.. f.lf rl"·tun "·ho entriJ!<I full power tn uther!l for a vear or w. In the ~enuine Savitt \Jo"'Hrr, thr So,·ict f'loctor" remam al•·a)·• uniled b\· the comlll wm of thrir work and their uistence. The So,·itt ddr-Ealr i11 ' olw"'')"ll ~fort the worL.eu' eH:"i. .ltnd hr (:otn he ordered. ccmureJ, removed and replaced at an~· moment. In a real ~ovir:t U11:: r rJ.Ir~• , t t~ t i ,·es nrr directly ,·oncerned '"'"ith" induatril'!'. Herr ll•t' riJ!hl to \"Oir i.- no pri\·ilege ar char· ity, but o r i ~ht onl)· of s l aLorin~ citizen. Under thr. ~O\' tet rule no n~trn t of" a c.u pitali~t pol itica l p:arty dri,·t!. an~ une to thto ballot LoL Becau:>e tlJC~ So' 1t:t \ ' olt=r mu~t join a v•orke rs' organization, tltere ran ·~ no !liU" of indiffen::nl \Uien u under par· liamentary drmocracy . A:- ide from'the above it must be: remembered that a ~onrt reprncnts only the industrial and the agykuhuu.l populations. h rloeo not allow the t:lp)oiter!o, OMne:~ of farm... for lp«U)atit·e pUl• J>f*:.t'l-, f<~r eumplt-, rr-pre:.enta tion. Thi: f"orth fl.lL.ola ''So,·iM" i~o ba~d un a union of all clas&e~, Lif! hourFeOIS, liule bol4f!eoi!> and "'' orkin~. The arhiLTan·. ,eo~aphical nature of the .hour· ft:<.oi~ ~tate is. &till retoined br ):.OUr ..Sovtrt." Did not the Lu lk ,.( ,·our ..Sovit-t'' ' 'otcrs F'> to the RepuLiiran l'ar1)" ~~ the l.t.!t Congr~ion~l decti~M? !-bt l1o"· lonE A~n Wall it !ha!. the !'on·Parttun l.ea@:Ut: farm o• ·ne.rf, co ntrollin~ your ' 'Sovid..l.. ..;.r-rr dir krr illf! "'ith the I. \\', \\'. farm laborers, the arriruhura l proletlliri"t, about the "'' llft'ell "to be paid the lrHtrr :' Arc theM: indust. t.;.: :~orken . all owed ·.,. vour ··sm·iet''? h i.& not true that the :IHICUrtuiaf proJ,.t.u ie• . th~ (ar.n·hL"l:i!. ! f t unable t ) · partici plli,~ in t¥ \"Otin1 for ~·our '"Soviet" b&~au~ of their )~~;¢k of l''oJ~r reaider"~ti~~;l qualifica· tion." '1 1\n, vou hll\'to no .OS(wirf', In a real Soviet -.n(~· the ;ogficuhural and the i'nd~strial labort-n •te and rule. Youn i!, a po litic.! organi.ution .(.lnllotle-d b~· farm tlwnt-n and not by farm labor'· ..... ;· The ~ ialilll.l. o ( l"orth Dalota. wbu hue become the b-aCkbone or the !'on-Parti'-&0 tci&N peace) Leaf(Ue h3\'e. like "moderate Socialini" the world o,:er, a midd),..cJa;..s conreption of the State. Thi.J -conr eption ariet::A from 'the latest tendencie! in cap· •.tali11m. The •maller copitalisl! are bein~ preased 1ard b,· ~ntra l iz.c;d c.pital and b)· the men rising f Olio the ranks and u.e wa~e working daM. Your ~b~.h Dakota fa rmer" 8re preNoed by the lar@'t: trutt :ompani~ on one ~iJe and by the a.~icuhurd pro· e1arint on the other. T~erefOre your 1\orth Da· t otn ''SO\·iet" is "tociali.zing" man y enterpri.tes to H!lp the rarm 0\lll~tl . The midtlle clal'!l bun i~ tope! on an nlen~ ion of llitate acti\'itie<. By the ntelloctual proletariat. another tection of the .. iddJc ciQ.'\S, tJ1e eXIrruiun o£ •Ute acti\·itie. is ·l.~etialh· ..·elcomed. for nw.)' new o&'x-ial jobs ~ operird up. To fd the3e johs, euminAtionl' st be paa.sed. And '"'' ho can paM them better .m the intelltttual proleta-riat ? Thus the en·. ire middle claP IICIC!l in the state a ttlorified in,:ti· .:t•tion-a mean A of .-ving the world! The middle cla.s~~ ideal 1tate it a ~ate which control! industry and rewards uch aecordin~~: to hia ..ability'', The trap-•r pha~~e of this atalc and municipal owne-ndlip iJ that it i' heralded os Socialism in practif!e.. The middle claas i1. ans:io~ ..to _ape the lu~ of the r.ich. consequently theU" 10C1aJ demand. um a1 incomu. Whereaa, the demand of the waplaboTn is (or the MJCial control of wealth created by labor in order to .cbteve eco!W~ic Jr«tlom.. But a careful eumination of the •a.noua llld.e eo· terprillin · de6nitely ahowt that they do not make !or the economic freedom of the laborer. but that they rather .. ren¢teo ~pitali•m and daM rule. 1be srowing induetrial unrmt compels all proper· tied interest~ to roore snd more rdy on the Illite. ..Publ ic: order" mwt be maiatnined. lD ..aociety'•" oame u.e •Late must crush .ui.kea. The eapit.alilt clu; contend. that the llat.e repreMnta. aoc:H!ty in order to hide the claaa Dafure Of tl\t etaa.e. 'Ibo Left Winll holch lhat r:Jorm Do«n&ms a.re meaDJ 0 ( mi.tlcadiog the AmcrK:an JlroletariaL Tbe OOur· poi1 ie fear a ciUI CODJCiOUI proJet.ar~ ~d bmc:e they striwe lo coaf u..e the '"'·orken. Nahonal 110d munk ipal control are inherent in the highn ltage of capitalism. Munic ipal and Illite oWnership are u much ....&epa" to,.·ald Socialiam u the per_al b'II:Djl toward.t OODDtlllntion ud ~aliutioa Of capital ia. Brecau.e our rulin~ clua wu mmaoed by a forri,n ruling clu.., Ameriu adopted many •u~·~~=ie:~.-~~~~0~..the ~haH we 6rbt for or q;aim.t tbete "immed.idt improvements?'"' ukea t.be ·modera.te --socialiiL" Frum thh w~ aft led atTai&ht to tbe obj«:t of .a prix wu nursed to a gigantic tize. Today the ret·olutiooary Socialilt political party. What ia . . Atne) ic-.an bour~~isie is coms)t:llcd to es:tend stale PU'}Whe of • ciUI<O..cioua p roletariaa party? control bocau!IIC it desire~!. to hold the markc:~.a it lb object should ~ none other than to alnya bold ha.o, · ·on dur ir.~ the '"'' ar. \\'hat· i& more, indultrial be:ro. c the - ·o:·k.ins m...a the ideal or retolutiunreo-t mU!I be curbed and the workers muat be d.it- the itleal of 8 ocw ~iety--a Commundt toC:aecy. r:ipljued. The nominal \111' 8(:ei- R\.11.)' ri~ b'Jt onl)· at.· A Sociali.•H Party abould ~roaden· the ol tbt• upen~oe or the prole1ariat being trrannized by the proletariat into claw ..ctivity, a.qd .boul althe o&idJ I bureaucralll. Whatever £reedom lhe waya point out the nature of c:apit..lial!l. ~ So""·orking clas. hed, ia h at di~apP,eJrintt. And the cialisb 1 houtd rlOi wage c.ampaigna for the traa. proletariat's t-ocial position is being !owned. formalion of the Jlate or for the en)~ or ill An e xlent-ion of !'late control mean•· a further ex· (unctiOm . A SociaiUt political party m01t aJ,.ayw ten!!ion of loour,;wi.s control -o( lhe prCN and edu· be on guard v.ainat the ,-,ductioo of the proii!Urill cational institution•. . · by the slate 1ictiritiee iD bla ...bcoe6L" ,The pu· . The :nterots of the bour~eoi&iC. mi..nife~ting them· liamentary c:unp.aigu and the l~l•t\U'e ofl"~ • llof!'h·o- in thbe. mold the laburCT'I'I politic.) ideu. a meam of Ui>ttNiDt!; OUI eJUJ i.nt.er•tl, aJid of T o male fit ill more secure the bo ur~L!t coDtrol of erpoains bourseo~ · c1. . iat.crN&L • the st.ate. the worL:ing-<:ln!>, lhoush aat gT"C-&l diud. / ..J. \"afU;s~. ia nner a ll o"·e-d to decide really import· The pclic)' of I Win!. or l'ftolatioa.uy ant mea!>urt"!> in capitali~t society. Was the Ameri· Socialism, is nntheT to Opp0111e or to rropoee lb.. can -.·orL.anc;-cla...,s' ~i\·en a chance Ly ili democracy .. immedi1te dt!llli.Dda.,"" thew: ..aoeia refo,.."ln Pb.." UJH•n the dm-laration of war. financing or thiJ "':hole tam~i :or "'beneficial at.ate tctiriliiia the \Ooai , con!'-Cription, the &piomt~e Act? No! lUte eapita!Um." The aoeial 1reform of lla&e ~ ' . TIID,UFh the AmericAn capitalin d.ss wu very well it.alism ia today • f.a. to which Soc:.i.al.\am · - . equ ipped to '"'·in tucb a tat, yet. JJC!Ie mltten wen: adjuat itae1£. too \'iUI to capitalil'm to e\·en take \he least chance The Ld't W~b@: doee DOt i.nteDd' to abud011, tile • ·ith lntnference of their re.alilalion. · immedi 1te IU'~!Ie. To the Left Wins the ~. C.apitali:o-m i:o- in iu death throet.. I~ inherent diate demanda that ariae leJ'Ve • the dyJWDo of .U contradiutiom- hll\'e bn:ome a fette-r on the •~atem action. By mcam of 'tbem we smer•~ nrt'Oiaac.. of produr lion. It i" for this reatoOn that in the lut ary currenta amongst the . prolet&ri& By dec<~de ur t'"'O hpitalisrit iA rcl~·ing ever more on aggreash·ely erl#llf:in& .in this· acrugle tbe rwol• the rtalr. State control really rm-ans a better or· tion.ary aparlu latplt in tbe proletariat cu ba f!Mi7.erJ capita)iem, ancJ it ill the l.l.!t effort o( the fanned into ~·oJutiouary fire1 q:aiul \lae iNar· bour1f'Oi11 claM to Jtla,·e off iu do•"Dfall. !-eoi, i.:.. We employ tb.4 atrug;le aa a DNIIM ol v1: Sholl rr, R<fw• a Baby'1 Cry for Food fk. . promoliDB the hal "'"'Uio. · , ccw.se It Con't Ea.1 Meo1? An' analyAia of the izr.mediate problea:il OODfnJIII.. ThU. que.tion touc:hl:f- the heart of the 1ocial re· ing the ~mericao workin« claaa will belp • clarify f onn controvtn)'· h deals wi•.h the to-ealled lhi' 4faner. Let w an~Tyr.e the an.itockll ot ret• "im.EDC!diatt: dem.anda." lutionary 'and petty hourseoia Socialism .towardl At the ou~ let u.s look into the why and where· them. Fint. let us ta~e the IJ.Df!DploJ1DC12t probJ-.. fort u~ c.aroiUllisl r~fonns. h maut be ktpt in mind The tide or unemployment ia riaiD&. Shall .hat ,.·hen one f!Jteah of· refonna, he is well a•·ue · lo the capitalilt clau "'Gc oat" ~ preito--cbcn will' be DO unar~ploymeat? tt 0 ( 1he fact that the capitalif.t ,.r..tem i11 not yet over· thrown. and th•t the "refornL.... are to M "anted The Leh Wins bolda that UDSDploymmt--n:llla bv capitali~u.. ~·hv do capit.liJ~ @'rant reforms? diNmployment-U. aD inherst c.haracteriltic ~ · Thrre 8 re ''"':o rC:~ont. Fir!lt, in 'o rtler to ~<tiRe upit.alism. & Joas u Capital lAm cWaaa there will 'the e\·er·increa!in~ CIBM-contciousnm!l or the -.·ork· be dil'eiDplormenL The ptlo blem caDDOI . . . ers. To the capita)i,.t claw., aF to otheMi, an ounce ..1 oh·ed" ulons u capitali.a:D U:iatai:t. Ualike ... of prC"t'ention i~ '"'·orth a P~.u~rt ,or e~re. ~r "ant· ~ty-bourseoia Risht Wins Soci•l~ the Laf1· irtfl cert3ln ••jmpro,·emenb '"· th~ UJ~med•ate con· \\'in~ believe~ that aol e\'eD lh~ eapi~ ~ ~ ditioro of the •·oi~eu. the captt.luH htde!! the clatw\ miracl~rft•"· that Cod of Right W1.01 ~ naturr o( the prCJoent !'~'Item of production.. ~y can ...oh·e • this prol.l~ Tberd'ore the Left apparentl y b<einF- kind to the •·orlu~r, ·the cap•t.alla.t di.~dai 01 p,etitioniof: t.be t':"'Sidert. .a the c6::ial hide! u.e conflict (1( intereal.A and promot~ the pro· OfF-an or llittht Wiogiam, TM Coli, ~ Joae.. '!I~ letariat'• belief in the brotherhood of labor and will not petition even a fourteen·poml cap•tal• co~~pit.al. Thus the spiril of indepe-ndent clua ,.,.,;on champion (or the e&t.ablithment or Govenmeat [m. b,· the proletariat i!l dampened. Rcflr:ct for a m~ plo~-mmt Bureaus. What more ·dansero• ~ ment 0 \'Cf the cff«t' of the "\\'tolfare Bureau!," or agaimt the proletariat could be BiYal tbe profll·!ohari~. and other immediate "reforms'' on ~o,·errune.-,t than control or employmeut. Whit the empl oyee!'. The exten!live social reform prO· chance "''ould a ·labor tpokmman. a bduoded '".P. p&m o( (',ennany Jllaycd no small part _in cc:ment· t..tor," have 0 ( rettins a job? Pt:rha~ tAia W>i"f! th~ proletarii,.P lop•h y tn the ka1.er. The count.i for j, P . Morgan'• BGJerotity iD cqllttibathera lded "c.on~<tructi\'e refomu" fou~;ht for by :.he ing thouund11 of dollan for the ~ of. SociaJ. JJemoc:ratic P " rh· t~ le :o a ~rea,t e1tent re- thrx .. public'' employmezu bureeua! 1.-..i:D to l'pon~ible (nr !he bl00d..,hal ,i n GennHn)' today. ..,ol\'e.. thi.a "nroblem... of eapita.Jiam; r-.cti~, Modrute 5ociali!lm in Germany. •,. everywhere, utopian SociaiUm llf[it.ta f"or nnemploJlll'f"ll iDA:!· u~ribed to bureaucratic pelt~ bourFetlis rd'omu a ance. Hu imura.DOe ner doDe away with ....-. creati' '! ret·oluJiof'ary ,·alu~. T~e effect of theec ~e-- ploymen! anrwher~? h'o! Not ~ ~ Cenaar form umpai,n" hu been to dupe the proiH.an~t t~~~·here the "Sociali.Jh" uow h..e a maJonty! u to the clu!l naturr of the Ptatc · a.nd bourfCOI!I But unnot anythi.n« at all be done to ·~ the democracy. The Gnman prolct.arill'! wu misin· immed1a1e dia!Je~A o( UMII!lploymmt? Y~ ~ rnnncd a~ to the nature of t.lle Commu.' list order. Wing bd • plan or. And today Germany is not a land of aovieu hut a immediate dem&Dd. And m thU le tbe Lilt hi~ boUI"Ieoil republic! Win~ HJe~ • meam of promotiltf the ~ · 1nere i1 another rea11on ("r the cepiuliat.•llgrant· Suppoee there are 1oday two millioa UDaBpiCrj.i:l ing .. impro•emenl!... in the worken' condftio.as. in An:M:riea. Shall we c1ur f"J'f"J The only U8e the eapiuli.JI hu for th1 prol-:t ar~aL tom of paper (pebtiona)? SIWI we app..l for . . U exploitation. But to be capable of nplo1Utaoa YOiel of ''all liberty lo....U. eitu-" ud ~ a laborcT must es:iet. He mU..t do more ~an thaL them a ..10lotioa" by iaauaace? No! 1\e " He must !iYe. A broken-dawn worker d ine6cieaL · Wins would .bow tbe why ud lhe ........... Oa the whole, lhe bour,eoilie are not .. stupid ~ployment. Tbe.J..efl waelcl . . . . . . . u loOIDC of our twentieth-century utopian Social isla ta~ of tlu'a .:,.;,it ..o._r· capbliam ad ~ ...,.. boliewe. Their iavati~aton 'have made memiWJ lu~ary pretpa~..U··--~ ~ ~lDJM,. Jt 11udta pro-riD@ lhat dlicie:ocy CIID be iDcreued bJ aid DOl ..op Lben. 'J'be l.Jl W'Ul8 ........... , . . thoner boun and "'improvement~.. in work.ifl! co&aod w~rk for • coDa-y-wide lltrike foi ....._. ditiono. 'J'h." impro...d mdhoda of productioa aDd liT' .., "'"' f - workbe d-pl.,.L buaU... orsaniaalion inlmlify tbe dqne .of e::l• ·t.thiaao~loltbeUamed.We . . . . .,Joi~.ation. Heooe. ealitaliam ca.n weiJ .ataDd Why wuce eDII'iJ' ia .-Jptiae: to 10l" the~. "rdona"-or ~· o la<lica iD ita aploilatioa able, the coalradittio. of capitaliom. JIVIaJ of the workio«.c:lua. t dir<tct' the tllorta of the wCJJitiDtl<l- ..._ . , - . did opponwlity io ofond to leOd lalo·, _ )atiOIW')' clwmeb? , Ia thio ~ oll · ar I DOtbi"B? Ia aucb• poliq u oall'-1 abote ..... All L.ft Wlaa Braac........ .....,..._. .. oa tbe aotioa ol "dum the ilaltMIIiale .....W ... tbo wont tbe )ooaa I"' . •·u , lUte e:otez-· attiri7 we_, w-. bourro• Lefl acti?D£ii!i_,..,.. ill..._.. iD•• wme: miJb& er ... o- ·- - :::::.-:-.::i::: ::--.;::·;-= ~ rr.,~J ·, �Tho Nrw York CoJDDOUDiot Why Political Democracy Must Go By Joho Reed Vlll ' ~~:!~~~~~~~~~~n~'::'~~~i~~~:nW oef«;~ Uoited Stat-. 111nd the deliherale e1~ien1J1 ml· ployM hf the Coloniod rul in!( clas~ to. creale e. go,·ernment "'hich "'·ould oh!ltruct thr wall of the maj ority of the people. Let us now briell~· a.ee how · the machinery operatei. ' '=ontrllr)' to f!CUera l be-lief, the American poliliCftl democracy U not one of the mn~ t ad\'ll.nc-.c=d d~ m ocrAi ic ~m·r-rnment:~ of thf "'·orld, but onf" o f the DJMI badt\o\'Atd . T o indicate oil r~· p l)i..lll_, in ltt'hirh it laF ~ behintl other s o,·trnment~ : The Pre-;id('nt iJ~. elf'(:ted for four re<tr ~. and cannot l.t remm·ed Cl · ocpl for M:riou.' C'au ~. b~· impeachm,·nl ; hut tl1e Preruir n ?f Enj:dftnd. france a nd llaly. retire '-'hen their P a th ' l0lle5 JlO"''t t. The Cahind of the Uni ted 5LtJies Gon•rnment i!i not reo-pom ibie to om•, one, and r an onl~· l~ot rrmond br tl•e Pr~ldent. "·ho appoinu. it ; thr- Cabine~ of EnF iand, Fra~e and II.JIIT a rt- rt:'pon~iL i e to the p~rliamen~. an~ fall witll t!l~. l'rem ier . La"~ ra»f'd hr ConJ!rc:fl.!- m ay Lc declared im·nlid h~· thl" Supreme Courl ; but Ju,.s pa...!'W by the British Parliament cannot he reTieYo·ed b)· MY cuurt. and can onl)· be changed .t the ballot-box. In the l'nitod Sta le!! the f orm . of Go,·emmtnl U r i~:id ly feud h)· the Con!ltltution, whVh morro\'er eternally ,.: u :tranteeo~ the r.acredne.u of proJ)f'rty-nor C311 th i" Conl't itut ion he- ahertd n cept 1-r an O\'er"'·hdmin~ majorily. "'hich prac· tically maL.t!t impm~ible an~· prufound er;onomic cltanJ.!e b y law; " 'hil e in England no 1uch Lar eJ.· i~ to Rt,·nlution b ,· Ia"·· Ho"''f"'er. th{"'<oC ~rparent differcncl'$ in d,:"rce of political demncnt~· ~· art' nul ~o impl.l{tant M t h~· F«:m. In o.ll po li t ic;~ ! dcmocr:ll ic rountrir:o- todny. undt"r 1he capit.1 li,.t f'~'!!'lt'm, ''tht' Stolt pml~,., iJ m ore and mort' lu rrvd ir lo on orr.an of Copilot',, moJtrry Ot'cr IA Lnr--a puMic fora orEo ni:~tl for ..orio: rn· d.o ttrmrnJ, an r11fint' of daJJ d~~put i.,m. " In the l'nited ~ta l ell:' ho"' C\'et , the method~ b\' wh ich the treat upitali~Lc. control the State a;re m~re appa~ent to tOe "'l,""rver than el~"'+ere: althou,:-h hrre. too, the ma.!oioC' of the projlle au more himdt·.l L~ L~~ ''dem\oeratk '' ideolop in which political concept~ are rhra.o.cd, and h' "'hat a ,rreat Frenchmtn called "'\he i llu~ iun Of the hi'IIJOt·hOL" It mu.st lM" ftdmintd that the Con.~titution ha.• been broaden~ d urin.J! the laH centu~·-lhilt more and more "democracy" ha.• hot:n introduced into our Government ; ,.uch amendmen~ a!' the Income and the Direc-t E lection of ~ni \ O t!' t~tih· to thit~ tendclcf . Alr;o the f'\'olution of the State 'comtitu· tinM. remo\'ing franch i!'e r~trict i ons; Jld the al"la of Conp~ and the State lqdsla tureo, 6xin~t the control a nd ha~tr;ni n g the democratization of the electOral machinr-ry- all thl"$e ~ if!Tlif~· that lart:er etld ltnfer mnne.' of citizen<- theoreticall)' partici· pate in the Gon·mment. Bw tllru ''d~rnocro.t ic." ad1•anuJ eMCtl~: cprreJpon.d u·ilh the l!-rowth of tM ln vi.siblr Govanmrnl- the a utocri'IC\' or financr-· ·hich progrcssi"ely nullifies the p ow'e r of the polil· ical ballot. P olitical democratic ideab ~ew out of the theor)' that men " ·ere hom free and f'I"J UAI ; that their inter· a l• - ·ere O!ttn!-ihl,· equal intere--LS, resuhin@: froru freed om of opportunity-and that it 'W8! the con· fl ict of these equ3l but dil'enified property rights-er;pecially their seosraphit:al diver!lity-"·hich made it pOSI-ible to construct ft government reprreenting all a.nd s.atisf,·ing the great majority. S uch condi· lions existed to a greater depce in the American Colonie&, "'·ith the-ir hinterland of undenloped con· tinent. a.nd their Jack of any indigenous ariMocracy, than in other paru of the world, and the Declara· t.ion of Inde-pendence '-'a& tbe expression of thme tentiments. .. But even at the time of the War of Independence, the capit.ali!!t eyetem was well de-ve-loped. and the Corutitution, elevm ye.are later. embodied the dear dau-con.cioWIDe8! of the Colonial capital ists, ft:tlderod palatable by "'demncratic'" idealilt.ic phr-.lop. Madi..o'b bad warned the ConYention tO Lake into account the new and chao~D! fo1'1111 in wbicb property wou1d ~nifat itself in the future. In the DeSt century the illdust... l era brou•l:.•. ;.'Hio eritte:uce wholly new forma ui propert} ; and. moreover. do.-.,~ both the relatioDa of me:a to uoe aoolher. UKI the rel,Jtiona of mm. to their Gov. trnrDe~~t. Tbe ownenbip of the tool• of production aod the meam of di.atribution by a few, reduced tho m . . of maDir.illd to d~ upon th- few for all the JMqMitiel of life. Now the State ia the expreuioD of the relaliOUIof c~- property·rd•tiona-in aociety. Tbe Amcricau Government. particularly, wu formed to prol«t property; and ainc:e u time went on more arid more weallh wu conceouat'cd in the haoda of the few ~nat capitalUts, the GoverllDlent protected ud foalued lh.it capit.ali.tt propiny more aDd more. Tho ol maDkilld iMume depoDdoat UJ>OD tho rts. l. will of the industrial autocrat.t for their very eM· ence. When th,..,· combined and demanded a larger ahare of the product of their labor, thia comtituted an atuck upon pr:n te J.rropertr, ami the Government ~IU C"alled i.n to 5uppros them. Important illu:•tratioru- oJ thi!l are the calline; in of Frderal 1 troo ps during th e Pullma n ~trike in 1895; the w.e Cl f injunctions in lJ,dU..'ITial ditpute5, in aonie C&Mlll f orhiddinF l'trikeo-JOnd in one impu• u:-.: ;~ta.nce, M 'tn forbidding 1he u.·orkers 10 slop workJ'"« for o C'orpornJion; the man ipulation of la ws directed a,:eirut the fTUI corpo ration~uch a.s the Sher· man Anti-Trwt Uw~o a ! to turn it a~•iru; t the working cl a~~&--1\! in · the cLo;e of labor hoycotlli l..ot the ca.-.e of thr O t~ nbury Hatte1'11); and fina lly, the interpretation of Ia"''" h)' the Court.&. After all d· i~ inno,·etion, un ique among political democra cie~~, hn.<l; turned out to be- thr- . e.uiest Md mo~ t 1-UCC'~!' ful e-xpedient for th"·ttrt ing the "'; 11 of the m u~. and d dend in~ the p olitie.al po-·er cf 1he capita list clv..J:. Founded with I~.(Niteruib1e purpo~ of i nterprttin~ thr Constitution, the S upreme Court hL• eJ. tended i(.o; powers of : ·Inlet· prttation" until it ha~ Lecome, ln fa~ a le,it.IBtive bodr in iu.elf: a nri bein~ con.,nsed l aq;el~ · of emi· nrnt corporation IR": ·ers, it rep'rc;c.nl!o the most tel'lclil•flilt')' p roperty inttt~b. · for ins tance, it declared un::om.titu:ional a lu"'· pu"C'd h!· the-1\'ew YorL. 'Sta te- Ur i~let urr !or h i d din~ IJalt:t')' employ· ~ ro - ·ork morr t.h an ten hour~ a da)'--<Jn the pound that thir. !-latute in!rin,;ed the ri~hts and l ih~rt1e-- uf manufucturer!o , .. eitiuns under ~e Con~t i tulion, It dec- la red ttie Income T ax Law ur::-:on.o,titul ionnl, and m ort' recent!~· f)te Child LalJot 1...1 \0'- lK•th llf'C.Ilu"«! they wcrr auacls upon ''proper!(' a!ld "l ibt'rty." On the other ha nd, in .-pitt' of the Con<-l itutional pro\; !-ion ~pecifu;a ll y forhidding (onpre!-"' to mnke ""'' Ia~· ··abridJ:dn,: :~; !~~~;t';;.~f0 £1E:~~-~ ~-~.elk~r::ue ~~~rl~i~:~~~ O' Hare for eJ:pre!-~ r~ t.~eir opioioru U:'On p~lit· ica l q ueetioDS. Thr.- Federal judiciary ha.• been tht I UJU'eme au· thori: r in !he-' C.m·r.rnmt"nt., f'''en dnminating ConP'eo-~:~cept - ·hen Cony-ret&! felt into the hanW of a nrw dominant d a..."'. f ~r i.rutnn\;c, in H!(J6, Co nF r~~ J•aJ>H"d the hmous " ti!!C(Jt\.' \truction" act!, !lome o( "'·hich "'·ere cle:uh· uneon!-titutionaL Con· J!TeM had then been c..1Ptured by the !\orthem Rf'publiram, the new p o- ·erful peut. capitalists, under tht' leadenhip of fh nddeu.• Stevt'n!!'. the ironroanufacturtt of Penn...yh·ania. ' Jn pa&Sing thes-e acts. Con[!T~ "'·amtd the Sup reme Cour t not to lay its banda on them ; and t.be Supreme Court obe)'ed. Jn othe-r ca~ the capitali1Ls hal'e used the P reei· dent &f!ain!t Conp~s. In ;b()l.. Linl'oln. and the m<»-1 far -seeini! of the f=TCBI indu..,trial capitalists of thf' :\orth,· dete-rmined to aboli6h t.lal'ery- both a!l a militAry roe~ urt' a,ainst the ~.;')uth and M a '-'flY of dC!'tro)·ing the economic competition of aJ a,·e-labor. Tht' Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution ....·.as about to be •uhmitted to the States {or ratif:cation. against a ,·ery dt.tf'Tmined opposition. It was eeen tl1at one more state 'II.'U nect'$sary for the ratificAtion. and three \'Otes '!"'ere needed in Conyr~· to admit ~enda into the Union. Lin~oln did not beeilate to bri~ three Congre5s· men by appointing them to •ederal olnces. In 1906. the re1-·olt of the small pro)Serty ownen asainst the h e.Arl l on~ · career of peat eapitalilt tr u!!'Lillcation and m onn},oliution h ad reacLed a 1taf!'e "·hen the IUDa ll p roperty owi1en had got con· trol of Congrl!:!rE and placed on the etatut.e boob the S herman A n~l-TfW't Law. The Supreme Court, after ita e~ience with popular wrath awakened by the rejf'.::Ction of the Income Tax Law in 1905. d id not c\are to declare tht Sherman Law uricon· etitution,JI. Here wu a clear c.Ue of p olitical democracy at . work- t.be will of the majority. BlOcked in its plao .o£ a.Morbing the Tenne!l!lee Coal and J ron Company by thi.. law, the great financien who ~ere forming the United Sta tee Steel Corpora· tioo delibe-tately pl"fJC'ipitated tile Panic of 1907. Pruu.Jent Rooeevc.h wu forced to ~ for meft1 from the pat capitalilt.s, who con:teated to Mop the panic on condition of beiDg permitted to proceed with their pl..,._ In 1907.o8, th<D, tho , 1'enneNee Coal- and Iron Compuy wu "abtorbed.... hi direct violatioa of the law. In 1909, the Seo.ate demanded that the Auomey.Geoeral inform it whether be bod inotihnecl p....-lillp Ofioillol ll?e Steel TNA. aDd if Dot. wby noL Pr.idmt R~ nh d irected the Attoroey~al n.oc r.o GRJt«r 1/ac S.,....; ODd further doc:l...d tlw tho Cabillol WM responaible to tum.elf alone. b apite of the wiU or tbe majority or -.~ W the coa.arry,-expre.ed in U.e electiOD of Wil.on, and the PUUl!• of the S herman and tl>e CloytOD Acta., tbe aggrq•tin:J c! ,..., roupa or capital hu ~~ on •r~ uaWDt.bed by the. law i or wbm tbe . . - oombiul.i..,. ..... ~>-. r"'-1 to c!ioool..l- .,..t such aa the Standard Oil-they bave dooe eo i:u appearanr-e ooly, and the result bas been. e f:'lfJil• one lr.nowa, rnerei y to PTtnftthc-n their mooopolistic h old up(m the reaowee. of . the countTy. The "'·ar comp leted the abject •urrender of tbe Go' ·ernment to the ~eat financier~. Tbe cgWJtryllie l'Oting ma jority of amatl property o•oer.elected t.he · Democratic admini~tration i.a 191£,. p rimarily because "'it had ke-pt U.'l out of wa.r.'" But h)· the ~pring of 1917. the lJnited States Gon:m· ment " ·.u at war. lt had been clearly. prOYal for a lmost two )'f"lltfl thAt .the forc:a which were pwh inp th~ country to- ·a..rd wa..r 'w ere the great roun:' 1io1tt ;nteretJIA, d1e banlere wbo had fl oated Alii, luans, and the imperi11liet corporDtioru anx.ioua ,.hare in tl1e redi!'tribution of foreig"Q marketa. The l'nited States " 'U by thi!l time, through the action of private banker•, heavily im •oh ·cd in the Allied catl.!le; the Aliied blockade had cut Genn.an commerce, and a ' '.Ut trade had opened ,u p 111-ith Enllland, France and Ru~o&ia. Allied defeaJ wou.ld ha\'e p r o~ en ditW~troWt to Wall Street. which, at the \'e~· m oment tha t the Allied etrengt.h wavered, pi uns e-1 America into the •truggle. J\'ever had there appeared 10 clearly the almoet complete- control of the pres.! and all 8!;CDC~ of p ublic ity L~· d1e capitaiUt clau ; with ODe voice the)' ba)'t-d for blood-shod, repeating unanimously e,·en· rumor of German ' 'atrocities." Germ.an proJ)agandiiLs bC"Te - ·ere outlawed : British and French propagtu~di~~ bought., corrupted, threat· ened, p le..ded -.d thout hindrance. CongTetame:n "·ho dared to opp~ " 'ar in the interest of their con~tit u enU. ~·crt• lruhed - ·ith a bitter fury by pres!~ and pulpit and the P residenL J was at that timo in \\'&!'hi n~ton, lobbying 8.£!:Airut the lil' aJ' anlf againH con;;cription. Thrre--fourtha of the Con· frts..'ltlen admitted 10 me that tJ1e~· d id not W:tnt ~·a r, that tl1r-ir con.o,tituenl!- ...,·ere a~ai nM it; but ulmo<-t a ll of them - ·ere .terrified of Chamhen ..,rr the ~e~0~~~~r:. (~d hd~:d~:b;!ko~~~ :~ the peat De"-'5j>apcn. And - ·hen once the conntry had F'""therrd way lt'l"-'ard the p-e..1t dec:i!Jion, and con5eription had br-.-n pase.ed, the ~reat capitAl~~!~ deiiTC"' ' -L....o.. uhima:OJrn II) the coweri~ f ;ovemmeot ii. • :· · inyton. The Anti·Trust IC~Utat1on n iEW' De"'i~ pended ; the banker. and bWti.neu men tbcmti(ol~ m ust run the ~·a..r. Hence we had the amu.iAg 1'-pec:tacle o£ the Council of l"\ational Defeoae, maO,. up of specula tors., manufacturera and men:han.ta. awarding Government CootracU at OtltrA@'eGI.It prices in the m omiJll. and in the e'\"ening acD!ft::il:a! thc:,e aame coLOtract.s a.s printe individuala.. But not onlv thi~: all through the country, Olamben of· C...minercl and Boards of Trade formed organira tion.s of armed detec:tivee and police. compoeed of bu!lineM men aod ba.n.kC'T"', who ueed the power delegated to them by the Department of Jastice tf! wap:e the elua wa.r agaimt the Lahor MuftiiMIIIl. And an arbitrary War I....bor Board l~idatcd iJ all ·difTerencea betwoeD c:api~l and labor. wboee deci!-ions "• ·ere binding and backed by the power c the Federa l Go' ·emme:oL The worken were !a~ to obey thet'C dec:Uiona or forced into the IU"'IIf; tbe great ·corporationa; moet of them. either refllfi!Cd tn obe)· dec:i1ion~ they d id not like, or like the ma.aufacturen o£ Bridgq)ort.. Conn., took •d...-a.ntage ol the war..iruation to destroy the defeDM~~ of or!an Ued lobor. Ad,·oeatea of parlia..ttteDta.ry action oft.em poi to the mua of lahor·legislation pa.tlel!ld by CoDgJ and the elate lep.slaturee,---soch u eight·b(ji!Ur lu.~ workmen's compensation etatutea, minimum wag. regulatioN and factory law. in gmeral. Like the increase in political ..democracy," the inc:r-eMt in industrial "democrtcy"" il al&a· in exact ratio to tbe growth of laio..l~ UDODf! the sr- lobor· employen that the more labor il protected, the more efficient i: i• ; aod the more it can prodace, and the mo~ it can be e%J>Ioitod. The ·~iJ>!-ap o( machinery cqr.equeat upon mecharueal perf«:tia. aDd ecif!llti6c man~t oow make it JH*ihle to ..ploit lobor mare th'oro~ly ill oi8bt boun, dum ill twel•e hoon. Lord r...<rloulme, tho [Df!iiob employer. now ad-.ocatee the Sis-Hour Day, became It io proqucti•e of l"'!"'f pro6to for tho maaf01> bue. tlum tho ~t·Hoar Doy. . . . . • But whr• tho copltaliot dooo DOt (oel it to Ida i.ntef'st tr. obey the law, be doet Dot obey it; aad the Stote boc:b him ill bio dioobe<l;..,ce. For eumplo, ill CoJorodo lwo been OD law 011 the Statvteo-bOob for tweaty yeus or more; "S..:, ~~ish~ :" u:.~.!!!!. ~ .l:.w.:::.~w.rtr..:ct: - yoon. the ....., All llltoDipto of t h - 1 - to organiae lor ib e:foi"'BDDeelt wa-e fn.tratcd by IU'med foroo. Tho fulioDO WeTe ......hod by umod thll8'o who killed ODd deponed mi-. ot will. AI election limo the bel1ot-bo- ......, plocod OD J>ODY sroomd. suorcled by ..-1 binlillp or t1to �I . I ) Left Wing Notes / A ( T tho Suae Convenlion of ~ Socidilt Party o~ ~lmm-..ota, held June H, al Mi.nnr:o•po li•. 11 -. a~ d~i dl"d lo form t1 permanent Or~tnni ­ aallo n of lh~ Left \\ IIIF in Un- ~t<:~te. A m o t1o n ~ ondt'nmmF \hr AC"I1un of thr :"\. [._ C. in ~u.!pend· In~ tht' M"\C'n '""Fu e ~e f~tr a tinm 11.nd n pdli,•e tJn· !'t.1lt' O fL!iUIIutlll · ll n f M,dujil.;an waa co,arned With ln"l rurt wn~ I•· lhr dt'lrF=31eA to havr thr1r lont l~ nnd hrnnchf!'oo f<,Cf" nnd !be CJc, d and te&o luti0n, dl"m.lndmp:: I~HI thr l)U~tiO n of expull.mn be aubnnuc-d t o 11 memii'M',.hip rdcrmdum. h \4A~ a l!>o dc:t"iJcd to form a Left U'in@: Slate [J.NUIJ\'t Co mm iu~ of f,,.e, and to dtrt ~eu ., dril")-'iil e.<~ to the :\ nlional E meqrency Com·ention of t.hr- l'an,·. T""·o ddtp-ale:. '"'·ere eloe1l"d lo rrpr& N!ul tl 1e Stnle at lartt'. at t}~t• 1\a110na l Lt-ft V. m,r. Con frrl"ncr lllld II \o' ll~ dK i<kd thai lucaht dt'!<lt i ng t o ftnld dc-lrf!11tee could d o 60. Comradta Gordon and Thompl'on were e la:ted. T he ron,·ention M'ml on f'Jt..ord u belieTing that ''thr IH":"I M· a~· lo 111~uF1hm tht Left W mg UW\'tmrnt • ~ to !eMil tf:t phli O!>Ophy and acono· n uc- •l f SociH ii.,m. HeformiPn can no lo nFer dnw Un\ t-u ppon hum an llJ!paH'nl c-ontrMh r !IOn bet""01!11 M.tn: io,m and tht fac-IJI of indu~lnal drn·lop· mm~. Mars •.. r:t I1A~ l~tt c-omplttrh· \ mdtc11.te-d b ,· tht "'at and 11.. o utc-ome. Thr Lrft \l"m~~: mo,·e· men! -..·ill grow in pror,ort iou to ita eucceu in m.aling thi.t trUth "!'own. ~ • Thf" MR !o.Sad1U~l~ Snri1tliJ11"t Part )" 5-tote Conferr nc.·e he-ld o u \1 ;n :{.() to Juur 2. r~ u ltr-d 111 a dean ,..,..n·p for thr Left \\In(!. T"" o <He,.: ate..,, Comr ,.JQ. \tnr ...m :-proutr ttnd J ohn J . Ballam. were r lt..-tt•d I n r,·prr::-••nt tla• St.1 lf' 11.1 lhf' :\atiorctd Leh \\ lnf! Confcrr•we. Comrade Lou, ~ C. Frama io; the delepltco fr o m Loul ~•JI.t <.o n . A.hout 20 del ~ Fble.c. 'lUI of o \·er 2(.(), bolted and ( onned ftlluther •·nnnnti •.n ""·htn the Uh Vdng Propam "" "~ acioJ•It"CI. Drh~. H a ~·-.. ood . ~1 o<!_ney and a ll other plllitich l JITI!"Onen ""·rre p t't"ted in a re~o lt..! ­ tion Hr,.olution!< p r!J I~t in,: Af!'ainst int('rvention iu Ru ~~ ia. nnd t11e r ript o r terror in Finland were cutrJ Ct l. aS '-ere r~£lluti on!' j!Tet1 in£: the W innipeg l<I"Orkr.rt-. tndOt'ihJ! the TI1ird ' Jntr rnaliona). U • prr-,:nJ! J~.o l ida r i ty "' ith the exp"!ll«< Co mrades and ·· ! ;r. ~ U.e fo m 1ation of ~ hop CoiUillittce:. for "'t'rt'aJi n~; Socia b : }·, opaganda. Th(' Com·ention niF-o re-ol\'ed ""That it is our 1ooe11~ that TJ,r Rf"t olutionory ...f j!(' become the cent· fll or~an o r the :'\.:ationnl Left Win~ {J( the ~ocia liAt Panv. That "'·e rttCinunend to Local B~ ton to tum · o\·er T~ Rt!t·olwioruJry A~e to the Ldt Wing Conference, June 21. (or iu ~J &potal. " . . . The 3 rd. Slh and 10 A.. D. lUnreor ganiu:l) bold, it& hu!iin~!l m«1in~ f'Vf'T)" 2nd and <kl1 Monda)'· D iN:u&.!'inn m~tin@:! on alte-rnate ~i onds~·'· The H u u~ Committee fDf"t:U n ery ~ednu.day. The ; Ius in "Socia li,m. Utopian and Scientific" mect.e e\'c:T)' Friday e-vening. Loll Wiaa o..a..m..n. Att..tioal Thl' Communut in future - ·ill run a co iU~DJ~ dl Organi.ur11 anti IH'retarii';A 11hould ..end in notic:a of the br&Deb bu~i neJ.~ meeting&, et.reet me-oet in~• and all olher brux·h acti,·itie§. The h it for Lhr '-'et"..k ft.ollt.ow"\nt nur datt of J.!r.Ut' J !Ciuld reach Uti& offin· not later tl•an · Tue.JII )"· Thut. the I1 M of meetin~o:• fo r the "',.fl. ~t! tnn i.nF Mond11y should be W lh.U o~ oo lhe prf'Cedl.llg Tuer.da)'. official Ltft \\"wg SocialiM !'lew&. Frida~·. 0PJ:llf AIR Mr.t.,.t1u.~ June 2tJ, 8 o'dock at Rutten Square. 2nd A. D. 'rf'tlntsdoy, J une 25. 8 o'clock at llOth Street and 5th A,.e~ue. 1':'th A. D. Friday, June 27. 8 o'clock &1 106th Su-ed: and Madison Avenue, 17th A. D. m.mll and Jrl cbl eL Communlcale wi1b r or · · N.ational E.ucutiYe Commiua iD One-tl".. ,,.,,., M...W.u.l~U, 'Diattrica RhOde I.1aacl, 1 is C. Fnina. 3,130; N. L ~faioe, _the vote ia : ~ Houn.·ocl•, 2.~ ; E. · dpm, 1,472 ; L Lore. 940• ~I orr;. H ;llqu;~ 838; J O'Neal, 688; A.~ lacoff, 319. Loca.l Buffalo for N. £. C..•ota: L C. Fra;na, 2.;9; !'\. I. Hourw;ch, 205 .. E. J..iDclvoD. ISO; MorTi.o Hil1qui~ 83. ' . , Th~ are partial rault.s. indicating • Left W"1111 .weep, t.hmt a reactionary aaho..!" ror the mod<.ab. ..N. E. C. ia tryi..Ds b) MCAI..IIry. Conu... de I- £.. K111~rle.ld will be l.pe.a far lhi"M mu- mt'el in1-a.. "ed. of Jane. : l rd Jb1i1 Jane. 29th. l or• l• or Lran• hi!'!- wi.lu np. lo e.11F'f." b im t'OIDJUD• tn r.alr lmmrdco.l.,]} ..-il L I KU:•a ry, C()mn de Mnrrfrld ..-uuhl al..o lil.t 11.1 •I·Uk a~elale. for • r.... ml"fllin-•. iiull"e lo. S,-nra.M.. til irs_ Hochuler, f1 e. tale aotiee.. On the refe-rendum to elect int~rnatio n.al del&J:Ate(, of tl1e S oci ali.· ~ Party, Te1.11, , Pl!""'mrh·ania., Ure;on. Ohio and the District o r Columbia give the ro ll o ~c.-in~ returw- : J uhn H~d. 4.312 ; Loui!i C. Fraina , :i;)()..i; C. E. Pulhenberf!. :{:56; A. U'"fenl..nrchl 251 5 ; I. [. F erf!~!Jn, :l039. Tho-c- are all Left Wi11~ e andi· d3le-. 1 h<' modera!Ml : Y:...oor BtrJ:er. 1 J..:l J: ...... ~rmer, 11153; Alcernon l«, 4-:W; J ohn :'tt ~Work. 4"73; ~rrnour ~tb:!cu!l, 829; A. S hiplacoff, 6i4 ; )om.. o ·r..eal, 365. . The full rctum!i are, from the Oi!tr: ~t of CoJum. and I 5 1'11/ltt:f.-T~1M. PennJ<Yh ania, Tennee.~ooe. f'l orida, Rhode, l!tlar I, Ma ine. K'cntucky, ArL:a.ru.aa.. Minnesota, M icbi.,;11n and Ma.MschUM:tl.5: hi~ John n..d. 'll'• ~ enknoc h~ T1.9 . 1; l..<>u;, c. Fra;na. 10.441; A 7,938; C. E. Ruthenher~. 7,779; I. E. ferf!w.on. 4,5i7; \'ie1or Beq!er, 2.2G2; A. Germer, 1.961; 5-f'ymour S tedm~. 1.618; A. S hivl«off. 1,33i; Jom,. 0';' \eal, 1.143; J ohn M. Work. 9?0. A·l~ern o n Loe. 1.003; ln 14 of theM states (PenlJ.." \Ivania and tl1e Di..trict of Columbia nul in ) the ,:ole on Interr.ational Sec:relary U : Kate Richanh O'Hare. ";,l3i; Morri.J coal companiee. and no o1te allowed to vote • ·ho d id not \'ute righL . 11( an~·one \'Oted the • ·rong !id:r:t.. o r wu f ound by the company ! p ies to be talkinf:! o r,:anil.alion or any o ther here!)', he lost hi• j ob. "as o u!lted from hi& h oW'!! icomranr pr open~·) and run o ut of the to•·n ( whieh ""' 1!..5 alfio built o n tompany propert~d- • And when at la.!t the miner& !.!ruck, the State Go,·emment sent the militil'l to break the l!trike, lll.Dd thi5 militiL the olli· d~ l poliu c! the State , ld 6re to the 11uiken' tent· co lo n y and burned women lll.Dd children to death. The lltriken' lea.iers were tried for murder; the gunmen and militiamm ~ent free.. In San Francisco, lhe thambe:: of Commerce dete-ll!iood to crwh Or~anized Labor on the Paci6e CouL Someone planted. a bomb wb.ich aplodcd in the Preparcdnea..'~ Parade, k.illin! and woundin! many peoJ1Ie. T om !dooney. his wile. lnael Weill· berg and a few other men actiYe in the labor mcrt""ement wrnt.an-e!ited., and on perjured evidmce Tom Moon~ wa.a eeot.enced 10 death. Bd"o~ he could be h.5..r..frcd it wu dUconred that the whole buiacu wu 8 rrame-up, tbat the evidence b.ad been manufactured by the Diatrict At1o~ in coll~»ioo with the Oumher uf Commerce. The Praident'a U,. ve.tigatin@: Comm.iaeioo nr;o~D..~Dmdcd frer.dom or a Dew trial •for Mooney. But the Governor of C..lifornia, at the inatigation of the Cb..unhci of Commuee, &.impl• commuted MUC"'C)''• .eotcnoe to life imprUonmt::~JL And thuo be lis, a liie priaoner thoUf:.h i.a.noccnt; wb.ile auch ia the power of the California capit.aliwa, that Hiram Johaon, Senator fr om CalifOrnia, doo- oot daro r&i.M bia voice to froo T om Mooney. means of- anned thu,~o, dron out of town into the do.ert AC'\oeral hundred 11triking workmen. and the Go,·ernment dared not puni~h them... And ao • ;th the pen.ecutioru and prOMleutioru of the I. W. W. the open. bare-( aced. sliamdeM cnuhin~ of • great labor or@:anizabon b)· the capitali8t daM. . . . AA the el4!i3<cn.'!oCiOU! worker! lk\·el op political P.tren~th. the Capitalist p artie!! ~ink their differcnca and combine 8fain•t them ; they fal!li!y the ballot ; the')' use the police aDd the e.oginee of the State lo prevent the worken.' voting; tbf!) gerrymander political di!ltricta, so that the majority of tbt voten get the minority of representative&. The conditiom of labor iD the United Stale. cause huodrcd.s of thou.sancb of worhn to d rift from place to pla.oe in order lo find wofk-and thC5e. worken caMot wbeo lhe Pbdpo·Dodse Copper CompoDy of AriwDa, by qWI 00. mn: N O TICE HHiquj" 2,422. n .e \'Ole in I...oc..i Buffalo, New \ ' ork ( erpelled for being Left Wiog l on international delegatee i•: (;~ cleponati- ol 1917, Ra. a..-. All Lei! 11'in~ 0.-.nrb" in K.in11,.. Qu~a. P.hnlc•H•n and Uroru. : Oal-of·triWD tpe-kt:n will ~ ht-n: aunn,: and • " "" tbr l"i1tilnal l..d1 "VOiD& Lonlt rtn rf' 1n1l II i1 1 d\iwLie for 1ll brwnrbe. walun,: Ill h o ld mau-pu•etinJI to aw .. e .,.""'"' All Com.rarlt'( who still have 11uhM:ri!'tjon lists •hould ~~et~d thrm in immrdiltf'ly. We need the !Do ney! MA..I.UllU4..~ CouDf. So w;th th, l uhn Rood, 307; Loui.o C. Fr.U.., 21i5; C. E. th=herg. ~71; L E. F er~n, 67 · Victor 61; Kate O'l:l.ue seca 145 •ota ~ Monia ahjec:t poverty. Burdmed with afanily, tbe worker cannot afford to quit work ; he c.a.nnot aB'ord 10 buld opinion& eontrary to the be.; be C&.DDOl· N afford to e.zerciee a vole qa.itut b.ia bo.'•'poliDaa. In 1....i.m.a.. Ohio, a f~ yean qo, ~ .... • municipal dection peodiq. Tbe popal&tioa al Lima U Jar~elr supported by two f.ctoriea. &Dd . . wor.L:en~ were about to-elect a Socia.li.t ~~ t ion. Thf! ownen of t.hf. tWo factoria =~: iu ued a at.ltement to the effect that il -.be • · won. the fact ories would mot"t away. nu.l'oald hwah•o•mb0r~~-~t .~~r 10~upo0•-~~~obadrkon1,a:a:,~ ,..ueu w.... ... .. ho aua ..., The SoeialU. ad.m..i.nim-ati011 . _ elcfcted. . ••• In 1916, D Prepared..Deai Pande wu beld ill Hnsupport. ::~:; t:-':b~ r~~d:1bifu:! 6;('~Df'%d ~ll ~~i~,f ~~~=d a~: ~«:t=~: the di!ietlhie. or n.aturaliutioo-eepec:lal (y at m.....demoJUb'atioa OUDe to be azWya.il'howe!*! pl"t!!Wmt-disenfra«.hi.e thpuaanda more. The -anti· it ~u found that moec ol the ~..orbn ....,....,.... srndica.lilt Ia'" for native., and the dqNrtatioo ' were forood to do 1t0 OT JO,., their jol.. I•WI for aliena, lllill further eompel ailmoe. from )JbmomeDOo .• • more ...: "'lrly .bOwn ~ n.- all 'who hold anti-cap;l&wl po1;tical IUMI ecoaomic tho -""""lrJ' ia' tho aubac;rip11011a ID Uh.ty l : opiniooa.. • and the coatributio11• , ., t:he .Red Cr... utd atMr But ai!D all, the moot elfeetioe way ia whjch the ....,;.prlvate ..,. 1l>e Ud lo .-y worken' Yotc ia ~Oue.nccd ia by m..a.k..ins Ole of tbe .or. be 6red. a.nd iD a(IIJN'J ata1e1 d.e 6.a.maia1 - . economic relation bet,..ceJJ the Worker &Dd the em-- paigru wen accoaDpa.nied by. terroriaadoe ..t t. ployer. The • orka ia depeodmt opoo the capit~· timid.atioa at t.be poiJ:U ol a pn. Tb• tl.e ...... ;.. lor bu •ery Hl&-hla job. II be doea not do aa ...,.. lon:ed lo aupport tho poiWc:al ol be i.o told, the worker i.o depn•ed ol hi.o job, 1UM1 the rulinfl cl... by tbr;, "V dopedeaao apca tlda forced to joiD the Ooat.i.ng army 0£ the UDeSDployed ruling clua... In a.a 'euU. article I b.n. cl.c:ribecl upon whieh capiuliam ruta. Now the worker, how. ho w the political power wu tUm ·a~ ln. tM evu b;~h hu ""11... ;, "!Ueeled by ron! and tbe elec!N ollid ala or lhe workiJ>& clua Porty hr.tbo co.t of living WJtil he ia upon the verge of atarYa• Stare- Couocila of NatioJ:Ut~ ;..t....._ acl how tM tion anyway. The .bon... m-. the 1.... leplaloro ol<ded "" the Soo: ........ oiOpJ>"'II of work, I"""' bim tbe edr bolo (C~ • . .....un ., ( f. �• The New York ColDIIIUilid Marx's Critique of the Gotha Program rJ"l{E manuteript publiahed herewith-the ac· 1 rompan)·inf[ lett~r to Urad.e b well u the cr itu· i!'m of thf' propo~d platfurm-wu w:nt in 1875, ..horth· k fr.:-e tl1~ lrotha fu !'iOn con~. to Ur11r~t. to two· further communicattd to Gcib, Autr , Bt-brl. and Lu·l•kntcht. and later on to be rt1urnrd t n Man. 5inct" U1e Halle con,·eniiOD put the di!'C"u,.. ,nn of the C.otha program on the pt.!tV'a ardN of bu~inea, I - ·auld con~idrr my.elf guJty of wrongful ~oupptrs!ion "'·ere l~ttill )on@:tt to with- hold fr om the public thi.J imrortant doc~ent­ )l<thap' tbe m01ot important document bea.rins on thi& d ito:·.,.,~ ion. But the ma.uuN:ript hu aiM) another, and ~till mort far -re•rhin~ l'iplif•~ance.. Hen, for tht . fint timt-. ;,_ du rl~· and drfmttt"l~· ..et forth .the att11ude of ~to rx on tht cuur« foll o wf'<l by Laa..q]le •ince h ia t-nt!"ar.ce upu n ;.t,e a~ ita tion, both in r:l•tion_ to La s..\nlle'S ecr.nomir principia. and to hit~ tactic!. The rl!'lentlh' ,.il'!or "ith " ·hkh Uu: propoKd pl 11tform i~ anl'lll~z..rd, .th~ ines.orblene~s " ·ith l'o'bid• tht" rr!.uh~ arriH"d at arro prono.n'ICffi ar.d the weak p oints o f the p latform' expn~-al1 thi!i un _oo lon~rr o ffr-r.d no.._·, aftl!'t flfttc11 . yu!'t~. . Specaflc ).11!-UIIeam uin n o"adaH unl~· In foreagn VafL", lil:e i~ulated rui1111, and .the Gotha platConn .,_.8! jl!Ven up in Halle by ita own m~aker~ 86 altogethe-r inarirquste. . !\f'vf'nhelet-~. " ·laere,·e r it .. a,. oot es~ntaal to the ,ull)t\'1. I have nmlltl!'d .orne IM'"\ "eJ"e exprOtSionA 11 nd o pm•nM C"Cln<'Crriug !<ume ~nJi\·idua ls. a~d in· du-.atf'd thro o m•s..,mm b,· ._..ten~!>. M arx han1.'f'H wouiJ ha,·e do ne IN h ad he putlishrd the t'"'..anuK I q •t nu \Oo'. TI1e OC( I fiOnll l H henW"IlCt" of hi~ Jan• ,-ua~t \Oo' a!> ptO\ oked L~- I\Oo"O c-ircum.~_t•~ces . In the 6r~t plnt·l!'. ~1nn: anJ I wl!'re more lllllmlll~l ~- conn l'\:tr:d '"'nh the t;.ermitn m on •,nf!"'ll tJu.n \Oo"llh un)' othrt ; hPnre ti1e dN'idf'dl~· bad:w.. rd f.tep e" ider...::ed in th i~ platform ... a.c panirulatl~- calcul3ttd to u ciJ U\. Uut in the ,_,..,, .. d p iKI'I!', .,_.e "' ere then, hu11'1)· t"'·o nar~ nf:er 11... Cun~rr-... o f the l nternfllto " I a\ tl1e ti<.~gue, iu\ Ohed in a mo!'-1 t-eHre conRict ~·ith BaLun in nnd hil' Anarchil'l8, y,·h o bt"ld u~ rt:."pon~tble for e\f'r~·thtufl t hat tr11.mpire-d in Ute Labor ~1<we­ ment 1..1f L~rman'; "'" !.her fo re huJ ~o ex pect th1t the ~r~ fatherhood Clf tlu~ pl1tfMm "'·uuld al~o be aM: riLf'd to u~. Thf!':!l< cunll•derf!.tiom ha,·e pu~d a"'.'"'· ~ond "'"ilh them hu pL~d Ule nrce!\5it~· for the j•a&.Sa~eoo in qu~taon. . . l.tL:f'wi~ ..u me p~ap-N lfC Dll!'i"el~: md•cattd...._b)· a~tni ...k!, o'"'· inp. to conl!ldrratlum hl\"lnfl to do w1th the pre!~..• Ia'"''· \\here a m ilder upr~~ion _had to ~ rh oc.en it j , enc-lo~ in brnc.·Leto.. OthetWL"C, the publicntton i& faithful to t.he )Ptter. ' FktOF.RIC::t El"i"C[U. London, Januuy 6, 1891. p,.u, while oLr own part)· hold. ib con,·l!'nllotl p-oll i tswm . . Eveq·body know• bow pleated the "'·orlunf"TT~en arc with the bare fact of 1 union, bu1 )UU are rui!otllhn if \ ' O U bclir\'e that thia mommtaq· ,.UCUAa 11 not bo~ght too dearly. Boides the pl atform i!i good for nothing. r'\'en irr~pedi \"f!' of Ute canooiutioo of the L.a.tullqu lll1icles of f1ith ... . . With ~t p-etting., Youn, KAlil. I. . Lahar is the IC'Iurce o f all we~~hh and of all ch·iliution, anti Jince u~ful l&bor i.e pot!ihl~ only in and throu~ ..ociet:y, the pr~-~ . I Ertrag) or iubur belong. unabndged and in equal right, to all the mcmhf-rfl of tocit'fv. FirJI port oj 1ht poroFraph : ."'Labor i..e the IOU.rc.t o f ill wealth and o f all ci"\·ilUation." \ Labor i1 no t l~ .source o f 111 weallb. _ft'a~ure i~ jullt a.s much the 1oun:e of ut.e-\'lllues f and theee certainly fo rm the rnalerial elemenl! of wealth ) 11 labo r. which is ttk"lf on l)' the npres.,ion o f a n11turnl f urCf!. human lnhOf-J)O\Oo"r.l. The a ho\-e phra!ol!' i' to fOUnd in e\'et)' child'• primer and is l "OtrN"I ir. ~o f sr a.s it is ouumrd that labor atarh o u1 equipped '"'' ith t.he requisite mat eria~ and ~· Dut a Soci11 lillt platform 6hould not let 11Ucb middle {' ) aM phra~ J.IB.:-.&. and }M'rmit, by eilencc:, tht c-oruli.li.oru that alone jli,·e een!ol!' thereto to be !-Uppre-w-d. And tn t~o far tu. mao t.taods toward !\"nrurl""-th .. f1nt !-Ourr~ of a ll th~ mean l and ohjn-1~ o f lahor-in the rdnt ion of proprietor, in ao "' f a. he-tre.u- ~uture a!- lo~lonr.ing to bun, b~ liihor ))Q :orne- the ,.nu o f U!oe·\·alut"":" . hen~ al ~ of "'·ealth. TI1f' capitaliHA ,.e \'C0" good roat-ODI! f(!r imputing t(J luhor suprr1 ' c"alillf' prtwrrJ, lot."C"au~ f1 m u ti1f' nalure-im.,.o!Jot'd ~i1~· of labo r it foll o ..·s tHiil thf" tan "'·ho po~!'C! no property Lut hi.f J... hor hJUf-1, uuJn .all c o nc!itioru o f ft(l('if'ty ll.lld c h· ilu.~tion. he the !-1:1\'e of tho&e other men · ·hl< ha\'e made thenu.ch·e!t the pOilteNOr& or th~ m attrial conditions for lo.hor. He can wo rk only with their pe.nni~ion, henr~ li"e onl y ""ith tl1f'ir permi,.~io n. Uut lrt u. t.Jt.ke the tcnleoct' a.s it ruru., or n~er lim1u. \rhat .6hould ~ ~\'e ezpo::-:1ed u lh~ con- r(\-er e\~~~~~: 1~.!:~~~; ~!'i~uru NATIONlL.iL~FT WINC C.ONFERENCE London, May 5, 1875. 10 dp. To cap th, climax, obey · ·· "' . ~..... • NJor• U.. ~pr.U... COft.o bt htld JUNE %1.....tt-zl AT MANHA1TAN LYCEUM M Ea.•t 4th St,...t ADMISSION BY PARTY CARD AND IN· VITATION CARD ONLY A.ppl)' to Maaimilia• Coll.eo, 43 W·. Zltb SL LEFT WING EXCURSION Saturday, July 12th At 1: . P.M. F-.a Market 5tw--t pje,. to •a-, M·._ta~a• ac.~:o:1~fl t=~~~hf•:~~~~~~j~ii~~/·i~·:: Clelv "'"IU p~ ible witllf1ul labor. Now we lea.an. on tl1e contrdry, lhat no .. useful" l1bor i..e pOMibJe wi!hout •ocieh. , It "'·ou ld h~,-e been u r,en~ible lo a& )" that oalv in t~ociety c;~n utele.-.6 and e\'en publici)· ir.juriotY IaLor become a branch of indu.try, that oDI) iD aocil!'f~· cao men Ji,·e in i:!lenes..•, etc., etc.-in &bon, to cop)· the - ·h o le o( Rousaeau. And " "hit u ··~ful " labor '( Plainly, qnly the labor that produco the desired ~oeniceahle dfeet. A l8\"3(!:e-a man ic 1 anage after he ba. ceurd to ~ an 1pe-a U\"O~e wbo k.ille &n anim1l with a 11tone. who fi!nthe.n fruillo, etc., does "u.eful labor. Thinlh. tlv concluJion : '"And since u&eful lwbo r i& p~§~ible only in and throngb aociet)'-4be pr~tU of labM lwlong unaLridgtd. in equal ri~hl, to all the membeu of 1ociet\·." .A beau1 iful conclusion! If wcfullabor i.a po.aiblt- ou l ~· in and t.hrough ~iet)" , then the pror""'tl"' of labor lie/on(! to .ociety-aod the rndil'i· du11l laborCT reuh·et~ onl,- M much u i.5 not nea»r.ary for lhe mt~in 1enanu of the "pre-reiquiAite" of l ahor---.oc itty. lndf"t"d ~~ has b«n the repla.r claim made by the champions of <ach IUCCu:dint 1oeial IJikrn.. • Fir.:t comt- the clairm of the ~oveo-nmen'l and &11 that hanp:!" theteb)·, liinoe it i.J the toCill l organ for the m ainten.omcc of the · •ocial order ; n~xt come the claim~ of :.l1f" v11riou~ 110rta of pri,·ate pro per!!, fur tJ1e \'atiOI~'I iOrlS of pri\'lle property &re the foundat ions ol eociet)", etc. h i.J plain. aucb hoi· lo w -ph raJ< can be turned and t wisted It will. The fint and the eecond pan of th~ parag upb Clln ha\"e aJJY .emihle connectioo in the (olJo"'·in@: form: "Labor can become the ..ouroe o f wf!.I"Jth ""d c inlizat1on only as •ociallal.·::-," or, what amo1.. to the 1>8me th ing. ..only in and through toeiety.' TI1i!" propo!iition i& il)d i~putably cotTCCt, for CTa:l if i!K)Iotrd labor 1il5 in11terial pre-requi•ites pre' &uppo~oed I C3n crute Uioe·\"Miuea, yet it c.tn produce neither wealth nor civiliza:tioo. Ami just a.s indU:putahle U this other .Utcmart: "In meuwe tlud l"loor i.a developed toei.ally, and t.h~reby becomes the 110an:-e of wealth and ci \·ili.zation, ore dt'\·eloped al!o poverty aand d~•­ dat ion on the •ide o f the laborn, wealth and cirili· utiun on thf' 5idt- cf tht non·la.horc:r." Th!A :a thC:..Ja.,_· of all history up till now. '~bet­ fo re. inN:etd of t.alkir1g in ~enl tCTIDA aboo ..lal•or" and '"llociet:)'·" it ahould b ave ~ clear)• p ointed o ut ho ..·. unrler prr:stt~t capillliat toeid) the rondition!". materi11l and otherwi~~e, are at luc produced. whi.:.b enable, and indfled compel, the laborers. to hrW throufrlt that &oeill cu.ne. Dul . in fae1 , the entire puagrapb-faultv both in llt)·ll'! and content&-appeara here onh· in' order tn in!oC'tibt the La.'s.allean cat.chword o; the '"lhtahridped proceed... or labor" a" the watch•ord 170 the fla g of the party, I &hall colllt back latm- to 1 the "proceeds of labor." the '"equa l righL" de., u ,the &arne thing rec:un in AOmeWhat difre~?.nt fofTI1 (To bt com~.) only Vndtr tht auspicu of Fint ond Second Aaoembly Diotricta, - Left w,... Sectioa Soeialiot Party ON THE 5 . 5 . •51VIU5• iEi£~-~:V~.f~~!~nee &tep of the i-oovmnent it more impo rtant than a dozt'n platfonm. If thertfon. it was ' impossible--and the circum...~arK"es of the time did not permil it- to ad,·ance beyond the l::iM.nach platform, then y~u should ha"e simpl y concluded · an'""~' for "ction atz:ainlt the common enemy. ;..But when ~·ou forcoulate platforma" 6( principle. finst~sd of postponm~ 1hi!1 work until 1uch ti~ a !l \' OU h1vt bet:omc prepued l or it .throujEh r.:on· tin~ed common action J . then vou es-tablish landm~rb b,- which all the worl._ .;au@'e the hei~t of the p3rty monmenL The chiefa ol the t....u..aflean• came: to you bec.ute the coad ition• forced them. H1d you declared to them from the oulld that you would not enter on any dickering io principles. then they wou\,d ha•~ been ()bliged to coDLeat thero· w:lvcs " ·ilh a program Cor action. or a plan ,f or· £&n'iJition for common ac.tion 11\Sle&d of lh.it.. you allo-. them to cro~ =~ •ilh credcntiala u bin~ : ""~ ..a urnoder al ditcrd.ioD to th01o11· ell of • ·ealth, no one in IIOC'irt~· can " cquirt ._calth u r epl L!. the product o f lt~bor. Thcrtfo~. if he doe- not "·o rk himaelf. WA.JU's U:TTI:R TO BRA.C.._£ Dear Bucke : After nadinf! theM )"OU will be 110 kind •• to communit:alt: to Gt"ih, Auf'r, Bebel 1nd Liebknecht. the l'-UhJoinPd c-r11K-al rornmen~ or. the fu~ion platform. I am o,·er -wo rked a nd com1-elled to " ·ork lte\ ond th~ limll!> yb-ribed ln· m)· phy~ician. It ·- ·a t< ttie r~fort by no mean11. a .. plen.:•-ure" fo r me to \oOTite &urh 1 tape·"'·orm: Hut 11 Will" l'lecet-..ar r , 10 . tl1at the purt~· friend!! , for - ·h om lhi! conmmni{'ation l" intendn.l. ma~· nut mi!interpr-d the &trp~ to be t11ken hv me latf'r Cln . ... .' .. It ill indis ptn~ahl e. f-inoe nut! ide ,.f ~r · rna"'· thr n otion-a ltoFrther ~rron~u !. bul fo S-terrJ ),y t),;:- enemin of our part,·- is entert.Aintd that we 5f"Crt1h' frt•n• here dira:t the mO \"f'm~t of the IW)· culled Ei~ndrh part\", F or in~tanre, in a recent Hu,..~ i •n puhlic.atioo. U:U:unin male:. m~ . ... J"elo• PS'nsiLie for 111! the pbtform declaratio ns, etc., of that party .• •..•• A.cide from thi!l it is my duty not to re.~o,mi.J:e . evn1 br a diplornatic ti lmc~. 1 plat.form that is in m j' opinion "'ltngt-t.her objectionable and demoral- ~lux. CO"'W£NTS ON Til[ P LATfORM OF THE Cl.1ULUI lABOR PA.Rn" be live. upon the lahor of ot.hen, and alao eequirw hi.a ahare of ci,iliutioo a1 tho u.penae of otben' la.oot ."' l mtead of thi5, another "lft'ltence ia atUcbed by means o f thf' pl11ue "arv:/ sirn;(o ," in o rder to dnw a cnnchuioo from t..b.U Iauer ICDtentt, and DOt from" t.M fo rma. Second par. oj1h.t porap-aph : UaefaJ labor ia ~ihle only in anJ u.roup:h .aciety ... Left Wing Mass MeetiQg SUNDAY, JtJNE 22, at 8 P. M. Ticket. i:.d. T . . 1Sc 0. ""r •' Ly~ 66 E. 4<h 5tnJd At Manhattan E•on~?'i•• liM Aclmi..ioa Free LEFT WING PICNIC s-.loy, " - ' Z4tb, I tit, at E.A.STEitH IIOULBVAJt.D PARK ~ Euteno Boainanl aac1 F - • a-.~, w..tcJ.ow, a,_,., N. Y. Oriental Dances by Miu K.uay&m& and Troupe. . Other attraction• to be announced later. A Red Picnic-A Great Time-For a Red Cau~t . Men, \Vomen and Children of the \ Vorking Clan. Come and eDjoy yourselves! Picnic suns 10 A. M . .__,.._ ..,_ tit.• lAft Wia• ......_.. .t ..._ Jk t. Ml·~ at pte ·A.a..la•'- MASS PROTEST MEETINC IN NcyiARK TOlROTEST THE CWSI/VC of lA. PORTS TO DEMAND THE IMMEDIArE RELEASE OF ALL POUT/CAL PRJSOIVERS . n.;....y, J - . . ltlt At ~· ·- ...~ ......, ........ M - l t . - N. J. ..,,..,.,_. Soct.wiT P.uon 111w<cBa Spuken iD Eqlitb. R.uui.aa, llkr&iau.a ud P~h �I ..,. New Y ,r~r; Communiot ·I ' The Pink VII. Seaet Oiplomacr in the 4th A. D. A i.t..i.• ""•" alright, hy ahowins that ~drr prolet.ui.u pl1~, &ad mt~•ed ; retolutioo co~ 1 an eX1ml that t.he ,.aJ~: of dueA atamp!l wu dictalort-hip la"'')·en -.·ould ~ to de.th. acooaa. luuel)· ~u!•nrnt to pro\·ide Ciflar,. for Exa.:u· :'\othintt dauntrd b,· hit fatH failurr. 'Karlin in· Caught pink--handed.. the plotten adaW:t.l' . . ti,·r Comm11t~ m~lmjt~. t.hr ..rmi<omrad~ "'· ho duct'd 8 yuun, comrade. who lncidC'Iltally ",.uelevr:n cha~ge Lut tried· to make il appear that the whole fnrtf!ftlllrr atth,. Ptople'fl Hou-.e doc iflrd ot ;a 1-t"'("f'et montha in ancao. "'ith-his dueo, 10 ~oend out postal· affair..,... merel~ · joke. Semi-comudeGlau &t. Dlf"rllllf(. hrld in thr furnacr·roum nf that huildm,;, card~ ca ll in~ for 8 l«ret cauc-.u 11 Karlin's o&ioe arOSoe to the defe Sbe ro.a.id that ibe bad ,. · til:~~. ~~~r.,tim..: fLoc or .·;r~~:s~·:::t'~::·~O~l~:r:~.t, II Oil May 23. Cunt<irnl'!' 'i'tric.kn) II hi• RC1 ~~~~·ed a letlt'!' s' ··comrade"' ullm, bQ.,.. .......... """' ... ~·ounf.!~ltr rrmaint"d a••l· from rhe · m~i.ug, but .-..rl in'• olice, d, thin.king ' that iU bad .bef'aue. (Jne u£ the l~drnft Pinll Terroril'l5 from Kinf!'l!, ..evt'rul ~mi<orrua~ attrnded. One such wa.:~ En tlu:ir le.ader.&..haatrned round lO lhe 6..oucial ..,.. C"lulf: hinJZ 1 Oumt1 in U1e ~hapr of A fohe.af uf ''r"-..,r· Glun. "'ho h11d tH-en 50 brnL:en·he:srted by the de. rdar~· loaM. hia advice. He lold her lOp. Sill Fnnrz:1 trm" lell eT"f., ti"J•Ortt-d that :he rwrk wa~ not fe~~t of hoth Karl in and London at the last •.:lectiona "'tnt and found • few ~omndcs. They bad'aa-. o~~·!rf',!=' .. ,tl1 much ~UI:C'~!o 1n Hroold~<n. Brt~nrh" !h!lt fohr had rer.ulined IWII)' from the Branch 'meet· joyahle ti~ apd ditc:UMed mauen ill pDI!'I'al Na•tr·3dfA~th· rda!flng to be "tr·OtJZaniz~." npelltd ings 11ince laat J\o,Trnhn. lurall~· "he ba~d enquired 'about ' the Br&DCb. ud or r.U•J"'r1rl~:J anJ t'\'t-n JnM'InF at the d•,·ine rif:!hl p( 1 h I aN..ed • ·hethfT matlen were ..alri!Jh.L" Sbe • • tJ1c Stdtt' Lommittt'f.' in the )'t:t!>Onl> of thr "commit· two" ~f r J:'eu~:;·nO:."'' ~~~·hi~o;t::~ !~~~~too~rfh~ ,,..Jd that the- Bunch wu ... 11 Left~ aad OD ~ I~ nf thl.t'C... Hrporv hum thr rortlt of The Tutor Bram.'h, one of "'·hom w.u L~e org~n11.er, and to "re· ~~~.!o~~~~:~d~~! ~:':a~-:. ~~nt::.'.b~~:~· in th.- Hrunt . ,..hu·h il' •ometJml!§ calleJ Tht- Cham· Otf!Ollliu" 1.11! Branch at the comin~ Frida!" tiK'C1 illg. uall y be .. re-()rp:aniz.ed.... But then wu 110 !:'a:f ~!::~~s~::. frownrd on - re-orf!anizatJOn'' Lad.. the prete•t that lhe Branch h ad joine.d the and no plot 10 ..re-orgaai.ae"' the Braacbl .· , l...l!h \\-mF. anotht'r .. illrralit(' "'' U concocted : fa. This naive recital thr~ Ll1e Braocb ~ "But" haid thr lti~h Chief Pro letA."~ lin ..,orne· \"o;;nf! th ~ Crh Lommittt"e'• ca ll for I Citj Con\'en· into roan .,f laughtb". w 'tm theu Uo.e ud ..id tJ 1inp: must Le done." TI•i~ •·eiFht~· contribution ing the City Comnuttee'a eall for o Cit) CoDvea· lhe "'·J,olc.#&fl'alr "'' 4.5 a joke, but:i! tht: Bruch .._ lo thr. dl!o£u ...~i"n \ti' ..S recehed "''t}' much nodding tion. \ ... . Dot di,.po~ I<J regard it .a, tht:ia let them so~ of head!-. ~inF- "'·h it·l• the !:petJ.rr lust hi!l trmper (rf'tting "'·ind of · ·hnt w.u happeninR tht Branch and condemn hit !•·e:nty Joa.a yean of .la"riiaa: and crrt-d DnJ!ril~· ~ ":\odd•n~ ,·our hud~ "'·;!I ttc· offw·i:d ~ ~~ uut a cal! Cor attcnd11nct at the Bral)f:h ..Shoot if yoa will this old bead .•••• c"mpli~h noth1n~. Th~ Ldt \\ m~ h. ~ow('tpmp the mM:IInj:! on the jZTound that .. a fe.,•• unfoC'rul•ulbw A motion w.u maile, ! at the coacluaioa ol lUI 5 Lrlf' an.: unl~~ "''e can cope "'·ith tJ,t' ~rtuutiun, fllemkr .. are tr,·iuF ,to di!'rupt the Branch:" • ·Til< hann~ue, to •ithduw all oflcen of the Bfa.lll::b "-'C" "'dl all ha\'!' to , o to MOrL: i.n futur e.'' Sud, 8 Call ai:-.o c.urit'd a nJ ticc to thir. rffoct; app.h:ntly • ·ho "' ere Unoh·ed i.n.the .ecn:t eauc:a~. 1'hi1 8lellll drt.a.-i,n~"! Lilih .~<tart led thr p.rmi:-comude!! into m1..;.t~inR" it ior ~i-<"'lrurade Gcrher'e w:u~l lfoO· l!larlin'fo remo'·"l a1 a delf:@ate_lo 1M Caural.c.o.acll\11~ . ~u~•J!e$lu•n afttr f'U~5!~t.•on "·:..~ made phi~tr~ . me01 ho:rc of the ~ret t;41u-.:u!l, how· 8tiuee. He: rull11ed Ul' to the maker o£ the IDCitiaa. and rqr·rtr,J urt il an el·A!i>~cmld~·m:m . "'·ho 0 11 ac· e'l"r , • ·tre H't\' mut·h al:t~f'rl. nearlj· comir'lg ·to demandinp: lo know ..What crime baYe I coa:mait· cnunt of hi~ p•Jirtit-.11 Uf'rrirnCf' "''M l i~trnrd to 11!.."" ~· it i!l ~ id, O\t"r •lro C't~u...ed the " leuL:." At ted ?" So · threatening wu hi• attitude tbll: tbi "'·it h (!'Tt':JI aHr~tion. lliu'Jlp"~trd thnt all ~mhlnn~ a. tlurrit·d j:!at!•rrin~ •l#forr the mtC'tin¥" they de- comrade-s ru..hed up .to prnentlhim (rom~~ uf t.... tilit\' I~ dn 1l'l""rJ to...,·nrd" I hi" in"UTf:!CIIh ~rt ci1ieJ If• c.rll ,~R the " rt·oq;anization" anJ to hear h is "dl·kno•·o prin'=ipJes. which ,an! oppoeed tD \Jntr·t.>tf:!anu.ed. "''hlle the .. lo~·al'' member:- are ~· 1 th :he "moll anarchiFtrC"" meml.M:n for a whiJ-: ,;olence. After about 15 minute. cha01, ordlr ' r)'J•ro:.r11rd M"'C'te11~· and Mhrn r.uBic ient ~otrength )onler. · ••" r~lored. ln 1pite ·or_ the '6 1ibulta' L.ept ap j" m:.~~trrrd in &n\' one hr:mch . that branch Carr)· U)u:n the mf":'f in,.,• onr:ned and tlu.• lrner from h~· ~arlir! a:.d other COD!~piraton: the motioe , . . out "rf"·OtP&nizutiOn" un i~ O "'· '" initinti\'C. r· ,. ,-h II •_.J A u-L. r th,. Cit~· Commilll"'e "'' u n.,d Karlin Jeaped ro hil na Y currr~ l • r.u ueat meenng IIU'ft;la !'-emi<OflltLdr 1\.arliu immedi:ucl)' ·:oluntened ; (,.~ 1 and in hi:- ·IJ("!!t lrpl m:.nner • ·arned thr Branch •·a~ elct"ted dele@:alt to the . tral ComaUttee, bat t!• t~ thi,. pl an in his B·anch, the 4th A. D. It me~~r~ that acrrpt3nce o ( th~ C1t~. Comrn•«oe'" C!~"m~~eea~~~J~= ~. 4~~- ~..~.faJ-~ •J'JloC.trs that h.11rlin h"" been \'r~ acli\'r in thl.10 ca l, "'a" 1!!r,::al. it" tl~ Sto• tnM,'lUflf'e nu~lu Ql ~ o., f"nd.l"t' f\arltn • ,!oiChUl' ,'".':':"10 ~pr•Br ;~ nrh !! inre tile l..e,innirur or t~e year, hu,·ing i I J ~ wn u ...... .... " c I . on'r' m tJ~~"! ~('.orr ' If' ~ •_u • ' capture thr. Branch (or. 1the Ri-'-l Win• · - , . ~ut h im..~H f'lec-tt'd to tht• C.r ntul .ommillc-e "'' lt'n 11 lt~tJI. frnrlrnJ! lno>t lhr Utd.rch wo. t.lr•JIIIr.t."d to d d h . . b' f L-~f ~.. found tl1al thr mach inf' ··~., ~'" " •.... huaL"AII. 21 . . ~~ L... no•n•n.;, lhe memhe'no of the KCrd war e Y n~~matmg liD ,or. uaJCD rom u:.r 't'l~n"' "'' ere 1mmt-£:ttrlv l ai~t and ka:lin, ahrr r.t~uc..u• deriJed to "in~truct" the deltEBtet. So 1 ti~h. A. D.. "-'1!-t!~~ Ute kn_owud~ of ~ 4th A.)D. much h:u.J·.!ohnk inf! hurried from the mretin~. HU much for ~e illl':flllt\' Q( the Cit\· Committee! It 1.!: bored that t~ tuf.c~ent. R.iJd,t WI.Jll 1~ fm:t act " ·a .. to lltt"nd e lrttr r to the financial MCre· · can he dn::ted lo Judealup• m .ihe faiL they Will f('lan· of the Bunch a4ins h:_, 1o call at h:,. it\.ar· At the hnur ,nw late. Karlin 1nd th~ memben l ~ ablr to .. IO·u ·• thr promineot Left :Win«*' for )in\,; )11w offiC"e. Thi!. the fio.:1.n\·ial t'ecret ry .rl. of the aerret cauc\u1 Lecaple openly elated: the ICC: IUB'K·irnt ''•trdC"he!!" to mahle lhr:Partr lobe_... fu:-cJ 1ttJ do, AU~ Jo«l in~ tl1at ;Karlin "u @:ointr to ret "''ae 1tiJI thrirs. Uut ala~. under nrw J;,u.sinese 'IHllf' £or the .Pink. and, in ~ptioaal cue. d. U)' and c.oD\·ince him tl1at politica! demUo.!l'_K7 __ 1h_•_fi_m_•_nc_u_J_o«_r_et_•_rr._ , _un_r_o_Jded--th-•-det_•_i_la_o_f_the_t -Ji_g_h•_R_..t_....., __ ·..,., _mr_adea._..,·_______'_ ITER ha' inF "re.ortani.ud" the local to such uu.· 4 c:=: rn,e: 0 p.e,.: -n,f. ::.t: I why Political Democracl Must Go · . (Com;tw.ed from pa«e 5) ~e"\'rland the lllei; ' Aldermen, etc. ) were deprh·ed of t>Mtf. in the rn~t cynical manner by the eavi· tali~~. and th~ Sociali't politic.1l action wu com· pletel y nullifiec!. Hut 11J thi11 iA nothing. to the indirect influence eserted upun the People by the capitalist control of the churchet, the K.hoolll and tire pret. DuriO@: the "'' If "'e h<~~ve &ern ,·er~' cleerl)· tl•r relation he· t"'·een the Freat capital is~ii ed the church~ and Khool&. The C11pitnli~~ ~i"e the money which r.uoporu the church and payA thr mini1ler; "'·hich endo"'·• the lar@:e'!ol univeniti~ and pays the prof~ora. In e.pme cuee;, during the war, the Stete Councils o£ Dcferue threatened minister " who dared to preach ar;airut the war; othen l011 their p~itioru. The Nme thine- ia true • .!n a more gl•~· il'lE depee, of thr · te.~chers in ~~Chooh and unJ· Tetaitieo.. The pre-.sure of the capitalist endow. mcoU. ;be Hoards of Directore of Churchs ed the Ovenee1'1 of the lJniYertiti~ and Schools. forced te.cben and m.i'ni•ten to keep ailenc:e, or drove them belpleu into a hottile world, where for all practieal JMU'POM» a complete black-lilt a:~ted. AnA !':ace the War hu eoded. thil proc::e~e of dri•· ing out economic AD4 political heretic. .tiiJ 800 on. th.,ts«b with i.ncreued vi8or. UDder coYer o.r tl-te cry of ..Bol.bet"i~" In the public .chool• and the ·State UD.i.-enitim, alao, the N!M •.c~ioa· tak• oi.C., aad· .with even more ·~ ancl brutality, Jllfi.ng to the eapitalirt control of the political ma:hinery. Thia i• aupplemeDted, i.n CUCII when- jt il •wkwud or inadvU.able lo i.nvoke l.he Jaw, by lYnch· iDp ud mob-violence provoked by Cham.ben of (;0........., aad 1\ational Seeunty ~ ancl by :fe1Lberate1y fa.bified ..innatigationa," wltoae object t ia to mi.ltpreK"!l the Labor Mo,.aDel-1 iD 1ucb way U to M:t t.be Go•er:ome:otal tucb.iDery in -ioD. '! pre~~ ia • •till more po,;,.mul weapon. Tbe . ol or l],e\o"•papcn., and eepcdally of the po~u­ •ar m&f{uiDCa. baa o ( Jate year• been concc:otrallod ia the har.cla ol tbe ...... capitaliaU<: !Dter'"b, who . 1 r-..: - · - . . . . 3:; ~ !oelc so au conlmt en::o to monty .o lofl8 ·., ..,. con· \ do DtJt @O to the b i.Jiot.boL i'be, oo llrik&· lrol. the 1\'tnU~ of public expreN~iun. !\~s i~ The pity is that they do Dot Mle' thai tb.ia. tDo. 8 practicall ~· " rnonoJ,ol~· of one gt.e.JI preq ~'OCia- 1 thr """)' to cOntrol of !be SLI.a.o--. polia:ica1 t.ion. • ·hich e•pre:-~ cleafl~· and faithfull~· the act- and ·that thi.t ia the oDiy way. peat r:apitalit-t JMJinl of ''in·. Editor• and rf'porten · The on.ly power which the . capi:,!,~,.r:-- c.. wtM do not confurc arJ thil Tiew are di.diU'fled and not oppo5e i.& the orga.o.i&ed &Del · Ktiaa .I bo)'COUed; a black-Jist ai.b. ' the proJdal'i.a.rr. - . . In lhia way oew. ia . praC"ieatly denied to the Jahrir presf<. The advehiKn are leap:ued not to ad· · · Ttrti.. in rodic.ol pape~ ao uto make it impoaAihle for them to d o more tl:tan nUt. And to cap the • tlimn. the. POt-trnal'tei·Ceoer•l may exc!ude £rom Co.// has diKe,wzed 1that the..,Left WiDe .. thr mails any ·publiC"...at:on which he~ fit, "'·ithout CompotoeJ of a . bUDCh of buken, b'1llt ...,.. fi,·inft all)' tflal:on ; thw. eotailin~ immen~e and nate5, and corporation clinlcton muqueradiat often jnsupportaLir d.LnaJ;e upon the publication the overaJis of the proletuiau. Now ~ ue SCiJ11 and il5 baclc.en, and Pre\'ftrt.i. the diKuMion of •t the ruJ rc.»>D for the IUII~iou of tbe ...,.,_ s)olilical ed econo::oic!qurstioDio. fede:ration.--they are IUipected of beiasoap~! There ·are thme whO uy, ..""h.i.e i. aot the faah1 of political deqiocr~:. h ia e ablde of dtmoc· PoJhcJic Fipm. No. J : Jvliao racy. " ·hich, if remedied. would permit the (r"'e the prooeecb from tile aale of cit. u.pa. elerri.e or the ballot ~0 C(,llq\Jer political pOwer." . Let it be admined lhat t.be.e condiriona are anUAull, Thr SocietT of the Commoa-lth C...." a f# and that in normal ~ the-re would be more fre&. dom of nprenion to !the l...abor MovemmL Bwl pniution within Jhe dt.orsan.iulicm, whiCil c.. Uws1 u jwl IM proi~in abnoi'IMI timfll rolitieal trolr. tire ~NKaiJed People'• Howe, h• 8CIOOIII:pli.a.l democ:racy bre&b dowt~., arid 11 U alllKI11 obnormal aaother victory for the ~ · old~ .... limt'! • 'h-en 1M Otlp~ cl011 fearJ tlwal lA~ tc~orUn ciplea. which "" hear ao moch. ohoot Ia. 7'/w Coa!4 rrwj' COfl911<n po/iJi.coJ pOII.'C. , The Opal .up--' of f""' ·~b ancl f r e e - · bJ ..,... lila : preNion of the politiC.tl power of the worbn il auditorium lO tbe City r..o.n..til& ,.m I Til£ The T el'eacope a « . ... oimply .a iDdieaDoa of oa ..-fully allthetime. Property il power. Propai! i• politi;eal power. Only &he abolit.ioo o£ propny .c"iJJ emW'e the work· ~ of ,.) "-ouacy. and only the dictatonhip of the prolsariat caa abol'.ob property. A majorily ia ~ ancl the Sap.- Comt. without the diLiatorahip o£ the proldariaL will· DOt ·,;ve the worker. pow«. The upit.aldt clua 4-. DOl ~ontrol the State- beca.e i: baa a majority iD Colli!,_ /r .... -ion.,- ... i1 conlroU ,.. ~ ~1 IN s.-, aaclor lba "Tite SocioUM ia aa~'....m, llipl 'IV'~ .... ciplra" aay. tha.: orpa iD iD I • ~ a. w doa't blatae it; the RiJ!h .Vi'iailt.aa.• ,.-,-. or for thai _ . . priaoipala eitllor, .............,. it wo~d , .._d fM Tlw Social>oo 1D ...... .1..,, ..:. .. ~ ~ • r~w ~ . But . , alid we "'ill ... that, -.ida ol Tlw C.U, I t - ... • .., '....u,i ~. c...,,_, - d~r:~~:~r:.:r:,t ;ta ... ~ - with of puJitieal -=tion., the ICtioD of the ....... OD tbe economic 6eld, .-trik~ d~atioaa. ~ tioDI. Thit f "'rm of actiOD ia *well knoW11 to ua. il ia ancl WI- werkan ·well-taLii.n.d, eva l•aL .....,, • raiae of - - ... ...,_ ol ~- . . . Gabor--. Ia ...__, ....... We..,.... . . . i~ ·...-. ita e., ~ . -;.....n.-,. ' I I, .. . �S5000 For '· . lew~!ut~~uu~ry s~ci~~~sm The National Ezecutin Conimittee of the Socialiot Pa.rt1 baa decided to eJ:terminate the reTolutionary elemeuu in the partJ' b,. ezpellinc ti>em. . It io folio win a the bo'Vteoio tactico of Local New York, .the committee that omubed the Part, lacal17 b,. ezpeUina ZZ braucheo. '-.. The State Executive Committee of New York j,u appointed a committee· of three ( !) with full power to expell any local that becomeo Bolohevik and adopto toe Left Wina Proaram : Localo Queena, Rocheoter, Buffalo, Utica and Kina• are about to be ezpeUed. Bronz io to be re-oraaniJ:ecl. The Part,. !• aoinaleft. The revolution agairu\, reaction hu uoumed z-;aantic proportione. The memberohip io determined in iu oupport of W>compromioing revolutionary principl.eo. Mo~rio Hillquit want. tl.e decko cleared. He uko for a oplit in t!... Part,.. He repudio.teo the Third InternationaL Beaten by the memberohip the old leaden of the National Ezec:utive Committee dioreaard the Pa.rt1 referendumo. It declare• the voteo of the rank and lile Toicl. I The N. E. C. repudiate. the Third lntemo.tionc:.!, the · lntemational of the Boloheviki, after the Pan,. membero by an onrwhelmina majority han •oted to affiliate and participate. · Repudiate tb...e brut.!,.:;..,..,.:.~ -..1 =-~pled Ro.lly DOW to the oupport of Socialiom in. America. . tactica. Help the Left Wina carry on iu Iicht for re•olutionary priDciplea. . The Left Wine carrieo em: the Iicht for the rank &Del 6le. . ' It carrie• on the Iicht for the 40,000 member/ of the onen forei111 federatione of the been expeUed becauoe the7 were FOREIGNERS and BOLSHEVIKS. ~ P~ tha 't'e THE LEFT WING PUBUSHES ) The New· v.~.ork Communist the paper that in America ennuaciateo the communiat principl.eo &Del whole heartediJ' oupporU the Bolabnild of Ruaaia and the Sp&rUcano of German,.. . The Left Wine io beinc attacked DOw on rJI aide• b7 the reacti011arieo in the part,., h,. the New York Call, by the capitaliot ;;reo• and by "the Go-.erDIDI!IIt. · MONEY HAS BEEN SPENT AND MORE IS NEEDED. To wipe out our debt, to continue the publication of The New York Communiat and to continue to carry OD thio important 6aht we appeal for $5,100. ' " SHOW THE RIGHTS WHERE OUR MONEY COMES FROM! s-d -tributiaao to ~MILIAN COHEN, 43 ' W. 29th 5~ at once $5,000 for a united party on revolutionary ·principles-a solid front against capitalism-victo)y for the working class. I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New York Communist, 1919-06-21 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- Periodicals. Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-06-21 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .N35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-NewYorkCommunist_v01n10_19190621 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-13 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v01n10 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 8 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States New York Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Proletarian Dictatorship Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. New York Communist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/03b60879c33cb3a684b7c5c40d9968d7.pdf c68b650691648f5be78110adc136959a PDF Text Text \ New York ?She COMMUNIS.· T New York, Saturday, June 14, 1919 VoL I, No. 9 ' Price 5 ceuta Scuttling the Ship C 0 \1l lADES : -There ito hard ly • Put}' member ....tiO duo not kno-.· that thr" n end • ·ith in the P a rt\' fo r th e la!it !<>~tr a l mon th' hu been t o· " 'ord Jr"\:n lut iona ~· an d uncom promi~m ~ Soc ial - i~m . V. e ha ve!' e ll been t au~h t a J:TC"at le- .on b y the ~hcidemtann!i and t\.a u b.k,vr- of ~ r man)· , the 1-len- t},,. ... dr r!oo n!> of [ n~ l ond and SOc ialist-patioL• -n rl d 0\' t:r . \\ e l.. no"' ti • ~t l that brand of ''Soc •a li!!!m", Ute lon d thfl t tt l"' •' • t r 111deo. and comprom• ~ "' ith the cap i t ah ~ t dttto.-.a., a nd the ~o u p p onerp, of "'·hich , in t im ~ of "' 'n and re\ •, lut ion , do n ot h ~ t t ate to go h and bv h and "'' ith t he ir tmpt'ria lu.t. ic p:overnmenll and r e \t' l)lt: llu:m!-ehr!' upon r omr edes of t ur h llt e rl m c cha rac ter a11 Ln:Lknr.: h t. Ho!<a l.u1emburg a nd othe•"' · ¥o'e U1u w t h :al ":'oc ia l!s.t ,.' ' ~ l u•\· i n!l' in thi ~ kind of " Soc ia li...m'', are not to Le tru sted .,..ttL our Part y man e ~ e me n l. And t.o fo r many months a 18lru~(:l e h u l'«n go· intt: on in o ur l-' nn ,· in thill co unt r~· bet ...·een the r evo lutto ua rv deme-n t a ~d th e u ppo rN ni!'L"t v. ho co n l ~o l tlu: ila rt ,· mac: hmen·. Tiu· memben of the Pari\ . ha ,· in ~ lea nlt' d thal Sc heHiemA nn ""Soc ia l· i!> nt.; meATIJ. J d eat im tead of '"i c t nr ~- for the .,.·ork· ir.il' d aJ.~. ha,·e- ta ken I'll ret d tcul and re \fl lu t icm:u~· at · t it~de in lme .,.·ith the n~ ...- l ntrr nat it•nn l. Th i!t r adtl'a l t.tand on the pnrt of thf' l'n rt \· me m lw r ~ h n.~ b~ n numed the ''Lef t \\" m~· · .,.-ithin th r: P a rt ~ . T he Sun al i!'t!' in m o~ t l o~~ q:e indu!'lnll ren t r ~ ha,·e j oined th e Lc h \\ inF · Ho!'to n. C le,·el and. Buffa lo, SAn fr anci"<'c . Oa LianJ . l'ortl anJ . Phi lad drhia , Detroi t. Se.1 11le a nd ~o res of oth " Loca ls and e,·en 5 tate o r~ani z at ion !' of o ur Pa rt y haw· offici a ll y ado pted the Ldl'\\ m ~ p ro,rram . . The Hu ~.. ian . Lithua nian, l ikrairiean , P nli1h H unp- "r ia n, ~uth S lavic and Lettish lanpta,.e fed . er11 tio n' CJ f the Sot'io. ! : : ~ P erty. !:O!ltai nin r o'·er 30.· ~:r;;,'; :~;:~:ol\:s•tl~!dc!~::de~ ! i;i,~!~~:;: in~ the f- itu atin n in Eu r o ~. have- for a J o n ~ ti me roq ue-:ott:d thr Socia l iN P art y _in ~ ia cou ntry ~ o tak e a defm ilf' atand upon the tilde of the Len.in and Liehk necht Socia l i~oL~ of [ uro pe. It wa1- because th ~ AC:\"en lantrua,-e feder ation• 0 ( th ~ Pa rt\' -cr itici1t:d the na tiona l executh ·e com · m ittee fo r ils stradd linr of thi ~ im port.a.nt question. tl1a1 ..e,·en memlx-n of tl1is committee 1u:..~nded th eAC: fe derat ions at it. meeting; May 24 to 30th. )( thi ~ mane r • ·ere not 1o0 serio us it would in· deed be la uJthable. Wt: &u bmit to you , co mrade, th at it is rather f unn~· fo r a lillie p o ur of ~ ~vt' n d~ pt" r ate men I O AU S ~d 0 \"f'r lhi(t:r lhoUJ.Gnd members fr om the Socia list Party. S uch a n act ha! neve r l~n perpertra ted upon the 5ocia li.st Part y bel ore. t'\ ~·e r in th e hi-Mol) of the Part y h tu~ a &et of o ffic ia ls acted in 1uch a b itt:h -handed a11J autocrat· ic manner. Lrt it be inde ll ibly impre»ed upon ~· o ur brai n. r omrade--Je-vr.n men a u r~ ~nded ova- lhirty thow on.d memben f rom the P m y-and .even is o nl)· a minor ity of the National E:Iocutive Com· m.ittee. Thi1 i1 not the wont of it. H .:.'"e is whal this aUiocratic sroup of ~en Nat..ion• l Comm.iUCie!DUl cijd : · 1. They s1u pcnde-J ICTCn langua~ fed . enti ont , conta inin! over 30,00 memhen, fro m the Soc ialist Party. 2. Th ey refuaed thetc fetkrat ioDA al'ri..-1. 3. They refU!C:d to pve the.e feds"a · LioM a chtlDCe to prepiU'e their cue. 4. They reluood to pootpooe the ..,._ perui on until the ~ucuriwe Comm.in.of the federationa coul d ect the matter. ·s. The autoer&IM: Natioul Eucuti"' Comm in.eemeo e'ftb went .o far u lo fail to give any o r the fede:ratioos • copy o£ the chup while the debate on the motioo to sutpend wu bein8 acted upon.. · m 6. They alto up<lkd the Socialiat p.,.. ~ic! l~ ::'i:fill! about 6,000 7. Thi. group of IMl""eD .upmded the entire elcction of the o6ciala of abe Soci.al· ilt Part y under the cl~y eu:u.-e that~ vot ~ cannot be tabulated becau.-e aome bt&llches a.nd local1 't'oted aa aUDit and Cor c.an di d at~ not the: choice of t.he ructioD· ary grou p of aa'Yaa.. In al.on, thla sroup of Natiooal Commit._..., drunk with po..,. they ~--· ree~u.s agriaved becautc theM fedtl-atiou dared to criciciae . . the t'\at ional E:u~c ut i \· e Co mmittee. m o~~ d e them · ~h·eli f!Ut h y of a n act .,..l1ir h .,.·ill diw: redit them f or n ~ r ic the Jnternati onal Socia h tt mCJ\'eme nt. \\ f" P.a y th 11.t e\·en if "'-"l" • t:re ~u i h y of acu not in r o n fo rnut ~· .,..1th the constitut ion, and thU u ·~ d~nr - lwt e '·en if .,..e ...-ere ~u i lt y of fl uch acb , u:~ had a ri1-lu to a fair trial u·ith ncric~ that chnrt.e.s ul(r ~ , ., br p lo.crd a,_oin.Jt u.s . t'\o PaM ~ memhen • ·i ll aay th at .,..,. h ll \ ' f" not the titt:h t ·to a fair tr ia l and the ~:f~~ ;i:.:~~~!l ~:;~~.reb~tu~t d~':J' ::p~La~ 1 c:: Soc ialU.t P m ~· Titr c\1 nr ~~ fl~ a in sl US, ... h ich we hl\'e ~ n al· lo"'-ed tu ~"et , ~ in ct "'e h a\~ been com ·icted and fi u -- ~n drl l. c-o ntai n numero us cuunb. tt-o mi ) le'\ding and far -fet r heJ tha t 11 i~ u ~oel e.s to rep ly to lthem... we op l)' • ·isb ~ h ad auc.ceeded iD th.ia loRa« bd'orw no ...·, .fo r the acta or the •e-wn au.wcredJ on theN • 1iona l E ~: ecu t h·e Co mmi ttee mull proft to .,.., co mr-ade that a change in Partr ad.rninUtratioo, ill program a nd ta<."lia, ia 't'Cf')' much oeedccl 1M co un ~ in the charges claimio! we riolated the Party conJtit utiOn do not a pply at all, and the a~ c rat ic ae vt:n 1ll d.Ch the constitution in an all"on to rn.»e it apply to • cae they :...anted to trump ap a!&inlt. IlL \\-'e d~~ti.m that the lrut ruuon. Jor ...,~ i.s tM.I t~ a.ulocr oti.c: '*' HW" of 1M NG1lor..l E_.. if ~ . 1M R noU,.U,,..,., titv- Com miu..·~ fno w 1hGI Soci4 /i.d.s , w1~re p~ rm.iued 10 r~trnaio!t in &M pMfi'J, 1M OIJIJOrluni.sl ic cliq~ uiOIJJ not control W a-· in& A (JilJtvJ Cont.~n.lioiJ, a.ncl thGI our """~ lt'OJ volt'J .s o Ut.ol , mod~t r al~ , r~t/o rm, trl~Awr ..Soa.J,.. Um" u.oulJ prt: ~ in llwJI Conw.ntiol'&.. CaU for " National Confereoce of th .. Left Win1 . r.oJJ jar o tl&zwruJ ConJrmaet o/ 1"-e IA/t r i"4 ot rilr .-4 mtrwu• !!0(·1-lllur l'onr. Uuud by L«Al IJOJ IOn., t Lvuu C. Ftcun.a. Na rLGry J ; Lnul CJ,.w . Lnd, fC. 1:. R~t~ l'lbu1. !J rctttory }; oM 1ltr I.Aj t r '" I Suuon ttj 1M .>\or wJJ.J t Part) o/ /\'t tl! J'orlr Cu,, ( Mru tmJwn Col rn., ~ t cr t~ory). T he- mt r rnalt una l f ltu at wn 1nd t ht criai6 in t br AmcHctn Suc aalnt Part ) ; thr t.Lbcu a,;e the pan y L u ru u r n~ q bu ru act t~ d oo the rmc rJttiC)" nat toD&l c-M •·r nt••·'n : tile :"\. £ . C. ali~Uitl l'. ou r part y wi1h the .. oettl·lll lt tr>ll I I Jkmr, wuh the Cuni;J ~ o( the C n·•t UrU I ) tl ; thr necr ... tl) of recont truc-ti n• owI.!CIIoq· in ar r11 rd ..-uh rr' ol ui H•nt l"'' '"'·r nt.a,-..l.J thla, a nd mo rro. 111 1 ~ ~ u n ~ eM&f! tlflll the rro o lutio olf"J' f t.> rTe. in thr Soc:it lill l 'any 1c1 lot te hu fo r c.oUDM:I" and act ton. Tbito call if. t!a~fo n· iMued. for the-' hohlin1 of 1 r\atinnal Confc-: rencc- of tlu: Lr fl \\'i..aa of l.be .Amai· C&D Soc: aalat l'a.n y, t o d.iac~ : l.-Tile- criait in tht par. y, an~ action then10o ; the conqueat of tbt pan y fo r tht ~ y , for rnolutiOD&I'J SocWaam. 2.-T ht Nt w Inte-rna tional: Wl )'l a nd mUM to pu ·•c-nt the- part y a liP-ina h .cll wtth the- " l nttm l • tiona!" of tbt .ociai·JUitriot.a. of t.bt E.Lu1 -Sc.htideman.n J.'-ll'-•lt t"'- and the wcwc-nna uo trt; a!ilia lioa wuh Uae & t.h" ·ill ·Spanaeu <.:oaunUJiilt l.ntcru • tio rW aJ ooe. 3.- 1'ht form ul11ion of a dedant loo of rtrinci plc-:. and p u~ of a na lil"nal rtl"fM' of tht l-eh \\iq of the American Socia1iat P a.n y. t. - formln J tom>' IMir'l of a national council or huruu of the Lrh \l"nlll: for prupaJa nda., ~~eewi.Dc of i.nformatioD and 1prudin1 in formauon. ~: ~b~r~n~n;d t~~;n!~!!h;'h~em'::"~(%?. fo!; d&eriDI the c:..uae of rrrolutionary Soc W iam.. Tbi• W I ia iMued t o loeaU of the SocW. Party, branchu and Le-ft Win1 &f'D UP' the party. within ~;e '!f',b~ ~~=:;n:;,~ :,ru;b~ioi:J:r\l:: !f ~ ciali.t Pan y of C rutcr- Nnr Yort.. l ~h \\"ina: l ocal~ an i.n•ittd 10 tend deleptc-:. of6c iall,-. \\ here 1 loeal olricially r.t~~~a 10 puti.:.i· pate. brancbea or _minority p ou J» in tht parry ac· · d:f~~~e!,he priaclples of t.be Ldt Wiq ahoWd ~d Re presom ta titm-e~ Dt ben.. dt.kJate for ncry SOO IIUIID • No Joc:.al or p-uup s.hoWd .ead mort lba.n foor tobr~~· e:~i~~~~~n~'d~1ea:.i~h ~- thu The confenoee wiU be bdd .w-t iua S.tOrdrr, E.nh delerate will be wed 12.5 lor • cntral fu d, mn of whlc.b ...W .. Ju.oe 21, in New ' ' orlr. City .. '*Z,~r e;:;:~f! d~lr=::.~! Snit~ ft'ft · ..,ltorial&oiU teo M~ N«"W Yorl- Cil,-. In the ,.in we SociaH.u and CoA,-, 4J ,._, 2'9JA St.. - are char,...! with with malia s ~ t.lt Wms ' And nou.--v·AGI do you th.inlr of tAU comnJar \\'e were 1 u~pcn dcd by thi. autocratic ...,... ; hat the~· t~ n-e not ... ti!' fi ed - ·hh that~ fu~ •i _, of 1lte- {\'tJJiDn.tJ I llc..:tlquorkn , and we had to look a ro und fo r other q uar..erL \1/e bad an idea thai _au~pen.!o i o n "'-' U onl) a tempo r.ry JUte and that we miJ! ht •om~ dl\' be reinsUited ei.Uter hJ the IDfiD' kr . hip or the Natiooal Co n~en lion. ·· Jn auc:h ~ · .,..e miFht ha,·e been allo wed to renuin iD tbb !'I• t iona ! Headquarter• build ins tu C&1T)' o n owunti l the membenh ip or the Nu ional Conweati• (la ,·e it.& d f!!Cisioo o pon the .ell of the Te.c:tioDUJ te\'en. But no. we we~ 6 red oqt .of tbe ' bWld.i.at b~- • mot ion paucd by thi1 group of ...., ad a mot ion to give ua to Jul y bt to &nd other qu.ara.w waalo.t. wort We c.o ll upon all Party IDfimhon 10 We .,.. lonbet- charpd with tryW-8 lo c.pt.ure the Socialiat Puty. To thiJ we ..,..wet thai we did do a'll we could l~t~tely do to pl.ae the •dm.ini.tralion of o':" Party 1.oto the b.aJ:tda of real comrade~ wbo are m lull barmoay with revohitioaary Socialiam. ~ ~ . . tiUa ec.. pro11m by 1~ {oct 1/wu UU., ...-me ~Nlit: .... plGCtd 1M rnlir~ property lA ~ lttuwU of • bo.4 o,l dirtcton -.:lt irh tan in Ao .,.,- k otntlrolW, riJMr by '"' Portr m.embuJU.p or 1M Natit:wwJ Lx«uliw- Commill«. We loel a.. u...d that ao .....J- of the Party will co nten d that ~~tven r;..ec..l ,en of the Party b.a-t. a r igbt to o'ter UUrty ~ &Dd ~ .u.o.J::d :: rE:Cutiv':C:~":,.!...Do~ .. , . . Other 'Brancbea Pleue Copy •-u.,, _... ...1 C..k. ·-•'-•••lr .,.•..,. •• ....., ................ call . . . . . t~tw • , LM&I IUa•· ............... ,_..t -.....d.- -~ Th ink of th i&, comrade! we elect ...- . . ci a b 10 lel"t'e u ... 1.0 build up the Party, fir clo . . elect them to disrupt us t.nd aplit oar (ona? We will gladl y ,; .. lunhc.- info.......,;.., obootld you det tre 10 r;c: d oer UJH)D the poiata iD-n>l..t ia th is coutrovert y. But tJ.c maiD qveaipa will ,. ma in thi" : SNJI 't"W" Ju~r-.k pony o~ . . ~nnUt~ k1 w..spmtl ovtr &A.iny ~ ... p.u., ,._ • oJ 4A.t _. p<l ... lllowond - -.. -~ triDl or o' clt4N:e k1 pr~t~ IMV 1Wk "" ..... u.. ,.,.., _..,,,.., _., .. /.Dr ... ~ '";:':....,.0 tbe N.u-1 E-o Commithle .c:tecl ia • more tynaiCal . . than ""Y o6oiala e1 .;., porty ...... cla..IID ..,. op to DOW I'~ c,..,ic ' ...., IJ.i.a _,-. _.;,~ kl "' _... R~ ~ R~'-" ...... vW ,.,...,. • P-'f •I · \ ··- , F.-...lly- Jo,.pio II. SrU.O.., lor the Uthuaala At Ita r•.-.l.r Ja .. 11, IN ,._. A.. D . Br-..cla I, K.ia1•• ah- -U.t-6•1 t. ,.._. •. J.o. teat ~ ( · oun the anent ion it de.en·ea. We c.ll apa11 you to re buke th tt~e ~even t'\aliooal Eucutin m ittC"f" memben for their traitoroua ~ a ~ainst the Socialist movemenL We ha~ Ji~ o ur Lln ~t i nl ed financial ··u p~ rt to tbe Sodalill P art y in a ll m11b ers, even though we tho~ dl.a in man)' ins'--ncef! the fu.och "'t'Cf'C tqUAncta-ed • m iNpp lied. We have not helped ..,. mueh .. " could in purchui og the t'\atioaal Hea~ building hccaute we wanted fintl o make aure ..-.. the o t~'flenh ip rMted. Tha1. we were rip!. in ....... . t-low to support the headquarter~ fmM! U ...,_ propq.aad.a i.n the · tift: Pany lor Loft Wing Socialism. In f~ f!C''era l of \he autocratic ae\'m o peol y ataled thil "' e were •uspended r.o that we would not ~able tD control the coming t'\ational Con't'mt.iOD. • r..--; Ak~nd.. Srolliirlry, lor the R_..., r..--; FranJd, lor t!oe HIIDI!... w. Fodontioot: p.,uJ. lAd-, lor the Ukraittean Fedoratioa ; Coo. uicll, lor tho So. Slavit Fodoraticnt ! Oao Poria, f• Lonirl> r;.l,nno..: J.,, ~ N· uo .so--. u.. WI"F--OU...O, DL, r.... J,;.. I, 1910. . ( I • �• The New York Comm...U.t 2 61.. New York COMMUNIST o...., "' .tloo w- Loft ~ Soclaliot Party Ow-' aDd Controlled .., Local C..wN... York , • ..,. !laD Ollicial f..f.DMOJ'Illl M.tcAI..P1x'E • BwWJ.J MtJNJ!n BEPfJ.UOM Grn.ow Ediu>riiJ B.....I N. L Rouo..,ca M. Zuaa B. D. 'WOLTI J. Wll..llfCJ< during the Lawrence lllrike; ud the San Fr..::ilc.o Frame-up iJ still recenL If the bomb!! were not a "'frame-up," tbe:o there are two comment& c.o make. Fint, individual acta of terroriJm ar~ contrary to the idea~ of ell revolutionary Sociali!t.s. The death of indi.-idual eapi· ~~~ud:be ~~~~,~b;~:~o~r;~e:;:; ~rk~ organi.z.ed aa 1a clau-coru;cioua maM, for the pur· pose of inaugurat ing the Proletarian Dictatoriibip. The Bolilhevild in RLW~ia han alwaya op· poaed, and &ince they eab"e into power, lllernly sup· preued t.ctica. And aecoodly, orsaniud bomb.throwing is the inet·it.ble re-sult of tyranny, and cannot be cured by more tyranny. fimlll)'• allow us to eaJI aUnJtion to the front page of.all capiula.t new•papera for the trapc day. In the left hand column, a aenutional 1tory of eight bomb e~:pltHiona. in " ·hich two or three people lo&t their livea.. by " the• crim inal acta of anllJ"('hiats." In the right ha.nd column, a.a K · count of an upl011oion of powder in a mine, eaueed by the mining company'• diaobedienoe o~e lawei&hly-/oiJr wor/Un~n dead. Watch the newtpapen. SoTMbody will get puni~hd for the b?mb-esplosiona. Nobody will set puoittied for the mine di...aer ... .ucJ, Podoliobocl E...., WeoL SUBSCRIPTION RATES I Ymr ----········-··-····---'3-00 6 Mooths ················--· I 50 3 MoDlho ·················--- .75 Sin~k Cop~•. 5 CtnU Bundle Orden of 10 oro..,., 3,!h C...U o Copy. oU Weot Z9tb Si.-t • • - New York City .. workers. The Haymarket homha of 1886 we-re auc:h a pro~ocation ; WilliiLID Wnod, Prsident of the American ._.oole:o Compaoy, "'planted" dynamite Bomb.! of impattent pat.riota. SOME lime •gothea handful ··pacifilt" and ... pro-German" outu~ 11 attilude of Senator Hard-·ick of Georgia-who. ldth La Follrtte, was one of the .. .-illful twelve" in CongTC!.! opp~d to lhe War--&nd al10 thai of Frederic C. Ho.,.·e. ~·ho t~oTote "''Why War?" and denounce-d tJ1e ddllar -pariotf---fent bombs to theae '"'o tentlemen. Ont of the bombs exploded and blew off the hand of Senator Hard"'·ic.k'• colored maid . Other patriots uw an opportunity to tum public tentiment a~ainst the "Red. ..-§iDee the word "Bol~hl!'\' i&m" 'a«med to have lost much its tenor: the\' therd ore '"C. n5tructed a .cries of fake bombs ju..~t lik~ (ho~ in the papelll, ,addrested them to 50me Ptwninent citiuns, and deposited them i.n the . Post Oflice, where they were duly di .. CO\'e"~ a11d did no harm. This wu on the en~~ of' May Day, when the im· patient ...,·orken were herinning to lltir for a number of reuon.-Debs, Mooner. unemplo~'lDCDl, reduction of wagea, and other manifest pieT&nc:u. Tbe ruling claM of this countr-y feared a general lllrike, or at least mass-demonstratioru.. r-;ow a .ecoad .eries. of boru.bt are ditcovered.. moll of them planted to r.•plode before the ho\Uel of the dC$ignated \'ictims. Thete are no \<lctims e:uept one of the planten, a watchman, and eome izmocmt pL•8eThy. The country i1 _up in anna. 1ne capitalist P•· pe:u are full of pro,•ocath·e 'tatementa concernins ''anan:hi'L''' and "Bo h.he,·i.lci," and the heavy ar· tillery of CJ'pitalist publicity i! -=reaming for the aup,pres.<~ion of the Labor movemenL The man· hunt it on, and an~· one who is particu larly .ctive aa a -.·orldng-class champion is liable to be railroaded for a long pri.an term. Is thia, ~eeond teTiet of bomb. alto a ..fram&up?'' Certain t.cta point to thia nplaoation. In th~ fust place there is the conu:cporary ditcovery. in the Grand Central Station, of alleged "'credcnti<~ls' ' i~ued by Lrnin to one Harold Keyes, appointing him Bolshe,·ik agent on a teerd mU,ion in the United Slate&. This i1 characteristic; Jlar.- i<i ~ tcyc h~' 1--n notoriou•. during the War, for havins hem expelled from all radical or!,ani· s.atior:s here a.<~ a Government ap)· ; in one ca-.e we kno"' or. he offered a!1 impriiOned Colilrade his freedom 'if he would 11py upon a eert.lin p-our. of re'\·olut ionista in Philadelphia. In the aa:ond p ace. among other lftlsesr lights, one bomb was exploded at the houte of Attorney General Mitehell Palmer, who i5 on the eve of being investi~ated by Congre. ! or hi!l alle~d miau~~e of Government fund. while Alien Property Custodian. And in the third place. more important than all, there hu been a lltrons and powins .entimmt in Conp-eu in favor of the repeal <~f the Eepionase Ao.: t-wbich hu been of auch !ftit value to the eavitalista of thia coUDtry, durins the War, not to halt the actititiet of Ger· ma:a apia he.re, but to cruah the Labor and Socialist moYeTOenL Various ..aedition" and ~n" lawa are now up for conaideration iD Consn-a, but until the p~ aeries of dynamit.e- nplo.iona, there M~emed to be little chance of pUAiDg them. The praent .. bomb outrage." are a GocMeod to tbe rulifts cJ ... of the United St.at.eJ. Much i• being ma.ie of ~e f-=t that a c:ataia We~~em District Attorney prophecied the p1'fliMlllt bomb uplosiont acnral montha qo. Hia name &. not Biven in the papen, but we happen to kno·" it. The prophrt wu Major A. J.A,WTe)' Humc5, director of the pro~ocath·e p:-oc.eedinp ?f t~ famous Over· D'WI Committee. Why it hf'. Dol iD1'elticaa.r.d hy Chief t"lyna? Per hop• be knowo _,.., oboat bombo lhoo he hoo told , , , or u-o wo~k~b: :bo.=or~U:.":hd.: t:•a:~:;.! of 1M Amertca.n rulint clu. i.D ita war upon the "Tbe CaU" Theorize. As c~a;::~::i~~:.;:r}!~~w·r.i:~Ccilltb~=: th:: conclu&ion that the paper mu5t take a 11A.nd on the Party cri,is and al.o de"Vote its.elf in aome meuure to the considf!ration of Socia lift theory and tac· tic~. Since this deci&ion Tlu CaU hu made .everal anempla lo criticiae the Left \\'ing. but ao far it hu carefully kept away from the "dangerous" aubject. of Sociali'm. The 6n1 aHempt wu a signed article by ~m­ rade Onesl in which he attempu to justify th~ .co tions of the r\ational Esecutive Committee. Beyond the facl thD:t he char~ u. with keepins oar impritoned comradn behind the bar~ . Oneal •rJda nothing to the .. apologia" spread broadca1t by the N. E. C. It is therefore unnece:Nary to deal ...,·ith it here, beyond to remark that most of our political pri10nen are in jail for atandins brrhind the SL Louis plllfonn. whieh hu beeo oobotaged by the Party olicialdom evrr tinct: its adoption. The latest indictment of the. Lrh Wing i1 8h-eD much editorial prominence. It occupiu the lint column of T~ Calr1 editori~l page. and U appar· ently con•ickrrd to he .-cry imponant by the editor· ial ataff. It i• headed .. N.Lch Wing' lmponation" and is a complete expose of how we came lo uae the tnm ••conl!rluni.t". It appear• that the Left Wing import.,{ it from Russia where it aprans into being Owing to the life of the Ru11ian villagn. After de~otinp: half the column to. the various varties and religions that have made their appear· ance in American li£e, The Call comt::5 to the Left Wing. and indict<~ us for foreign importation. ""The aame hazy mental Jtatu! i5 displayed in importins th~ phraw 'Commu.nitt Socialilm' from Ru11ia. Thrre are two reasons why the word 'Communist' has ben recently employed by the So\·iet Party. Just u in 1847 SocialiiU had to distinguiih them· acl~es (rom the various utopian groups that caljed thmuelve5 'Sociali!ts.' ao the RuMian Bolshe'ik.i hne re-1erted back to the word 'Communism' di!!tingl.:Uh themacl.-re from the IOCial·patriotie parties of f.urope. The ~ond reuon i• that the \'illaK"C commune~~ of Ru55ia alwa)-. han been more: or lest commun"-tic:, and will be more 10 with tbe aocialiution of land and villa~ aervices. But how~er much Communiam may be fotterea in the village life of Russia, it is certain that the R.. ltheisu, by uting the term, do not intend to communise all wealth. and in panicular the wealth of the in· dUitrial Cftlten." Apparentl y Tlt.e Cal' it uuawa.re tbl! Karl Man invariablelv r.efef'l'ed not to ''Socialista" but ""Com· munisb." · Douhclea he impo:1ed it from Ruaaia whilf' he wu l!till under RUMian influence and Jub~~equently becoming de-Ruasianiled, accepted the term '"Socialism". We haft alway• been under the impre.ion th.t in the Socialiat moYemenl the ta"'Da "Sociali1111•• ed .. Communiam" were uaed inten:han@Ubly. With the 6nt .....,. g;.., by TM Call we ore iD entire apeernenl, ncept for the fact th•t it ia not the rnolutionary Socialista of. RUMia aloDet- who are now utiDB the term to diltinsui•h themaeh·• from the react.ioftari•. who are diapaci.os the oame of Soci.aliam. The Sput.acana of Germany DUne CommUDiet Labor Partr. • doea the ,.., ~..., 'utionary aec:tion of tbe Dutch Sociali.at mo~ -.,,, but doubt!- they oloo uoe ·the term heuuoo ol tM primitive metbt.ds \J£ production uaed iD thoae euwstrl-. We uac tbe'tum for ex.actly lDe aame reuon u oaf contiueutal comradea are ~ it. To dittinpiah u. from thoee who ba"e dragee~ to we"'" !::i:t:=~~~~~mu':;t,.•too~ra:-;:o_: ill Euiope, the Boloc...,ju N<Opioed wbe th.y iporod the o.licial Sot l.olill Porty U: tbolr call fw a Coamwn&at t.:oucr-- ln ita .ecoD<f rraaon for the uac of the nL.a~ "Communill" by the Bolohevw, TM CoO !"" U.to d~ water and ts rorttd to reacue itaelf h)' denJio« in the aa:ond aentmoe ..d!.at it a&m. in the 6.rat. After referring to RuMian villase li£c., TM C.U 1uddenly rememt..en thAd there are one or two iD· doltrial centen iD Ru.aia: "But., however much Communi•m ma y be fottered iD thr- villase life of Ruuia. it is certain that the &l.she"\-i.JU , by uaiDs the term. do .not inlcurt to communit.e aJ I wealth, and in particular the wealth of the induatriaJ Ct"D · ter!l." In "ther words the RUMian.s uae the term ... Communism" bec.aw.e it 1uita the r aJ life of the couutrv and al10 beca.uac it dou not auil the life of . the industrial ccaLen! It "·ould be. intet"e!lting to kuow where Tk Coll set• it definition of CommunitL blot in '"The Com· muni" Manifesto" •urel y? or cour.e we are DOt infallible, but in the cop)' we read we CllMOt find anything about the necessity of usins the ..a.nc _looth ·brush as our ned door' nei~thhor . It would he al10 inter~ting to know where TM Call geta !~ tf=::iK.;{ ii.::.lisUod!e ~=-~~~= ~~8~l infomur: U8 "'The wealth produced would go to thoae who participate: in iu productioa and •i•oiJld b.t the prival~ po1uuion of I~ produarJ , .. Commun· ism pennits of no printe wealth whatever. E~err · thiDs U oW'Ded in commoo." We had hitherto been of the impree.tion that un · der Soci•lism all things whicb were tOCiallv n«:eau.ry· "·ould be o""ned and controlled MJCia.ll y. Lui we nn·n thought it . .,-,u intended that all the hut· ton -hole& made by a particular yn uns woman should become the private propert y of that young woman, and that &he would be forced to fO out · and llade thf'm .-ith a baker in order to ~ the morning roliL Socialisn1, according to TM Call pr~ript iun , will be rather incon,·enient , but Communi •m • ·ill be a thou!land timt'!l "'orte. I( Com· muni'm U an,.r.hiog like "'hat Th~ Coli imaFin~. then " 'e can .hare its in diptation again!it the Leh \\'ing. " Eve,.,·thin& U owned in common." Surely r~ CGU doe. DOl mean ~,.,.,AiA& ? Tbe Regular Party Cbannela the Tllli.ng capitaJita clua in a moden:J JK> W HEN litic:al democratic nation finda iUe)f threatened with defeat al the hands of the working claM malt. in~ U8e of ib economic power, it ~erearru : "'Don't atri.ke! Vote ! Li~ the reoular politicaJ machinery, which pe:nnita the right!ng of any wroug!" l\'hen the Socialist Party ollicialdom find. ill bqemony threatened by the ccnoerted and or,&D· Ued power of the ra.n.k and file, it ac:re.aJD8: '1he Party conlllitution and by-lawa provide oppo.rtun· itieo to remedy ony wr•"'!'! Uoe the ,.,W.. Party cb.ume.la!" VeT}· well. Local Bo.ton iNuea a call for a National Emer~y Con.-ention. Tbe call U throWD out on a tccbnic.alily. Other Locals join in the call, and it cannot be further denied. Nation~'.~ Secreta.~ Germer printely urp that the Party " leaden" d.ixouc_,e thia eon•e:olion. Nnerthe1- the deuwJd ~fOWL Then: iJ a Partv refere.Jdum for n.tioul and iDlenlalional Olicen. Tbe candidatel DOmin· ated and .upported by the Left Wins are ltSl to hne an enormou. majority. ln the meanwhile Local after Local joins the Left Wing, and SLite after St&te lalla in line. The Party olicialdom. throop. the uoe of the · -.Ju Party ebanDell", ;.. apparently soin, to loee ita joba. ADd the Na. tiona) Eme:r~ Convention il nideatJy soin8 to he eopturod by tlte Left WU.g. Who! eu be done, throurh the "rqulu Party eluuu>el•"? The Party o5eialdom ~"' by expeiiU.s Lefr wu.r Bronebeo. 'J'ba) :. ..,..,.. tho votN; and thoae Branch• whoae •otea . fJ"e OTM'· wbelminslr "clioloyol" are oa:~ of hnq foW6ed their •otes, or forpl their boll~ tbio 8CCGNtioa il @'iYeD out to tbe eapitalill IX!Wipll· •ote pen. n.... oil the fon: iBD !ODS""!" Federotiot~~ except the two Risbt Wills FederotioD>-tbe Fumiob ond the Jewiolt-.Dd doubtful o........doe c..m... d:'! ~.~America. -=...:~~~·:r ~ t~:r: the -Socialiat P,ny of ue t.'·::-vli'TI oat of mo.......,L The Germ... Federoti011, boriJ>« • • eel the Left Wq Man;r..,., io the nos1 ollllod to ~·; ud tho haliu Foclerotioo, wb;.b clioploya:JLef Wq ta>cloneieo"; io "oloo thr.tmod. Mic.bipn State or8miutioa ia npelled. Bullolo, Roe~. Qu...,. ud KiDp follow," Loeolo Cleoelud ud Cook CoDDIJ' (Cbicopl) ore OD the tubogoa; ud oiJ Olhor LoeoJo 1111d 8r ........ .,.. boids "..wpaiaod" ill ouch • way .. to 1oo... tbeir'membrcln. U1: a1c oataidt. Jn thU way the YOtea of the majority or the Soeialill Party .,.. ...tlowecL Ia tbio wilY tbo Em.s.... y 1'\o"-1. Coa..Uoo io modo "Solo for Sociol Domoerocy." Ia tl&io ,..W..· Party e.lwmelo" . . . modo u.....-a. I• .U ~ . - p t to 10ppurt tho Soeialiot ~ wbo hue beoroyod 1111d wneJuol tho Socialiol Pony. IDOal or ••J -.. �r Tbe New York Commamiat I A Reply to a Non-Partisan League Fanner ByJayl..o•- l Do M'l' A.oUJ tlwu lA1 .-rvolurion mwJ cotnt> by uioknce? • To .uu"·C'r thi11 qur:s.io n by ..yes" or •·no" would M &AIDine. It may. A~ain, it may not. Tiu: left V. mg. all Uu: prote!t of the Hi~tht Wtug ~ the contrary not"·iUutandinf:, repudiat~ Socialurn b)' UUMID&tion. The left \\' :ng hopea t!La.l. the proler.araat "ill conqurr ib enenno, the capitalil>l claM', wi1h u lillie blood, hed ._,. Po~!'ible.. [.,:. erpt for the capi:.l~ -imperiaJi,.t IIUit!Smen, we k.now o f none who de l.f!:hl t o bathe in blood -of other~. Ju Sociali~b. ln. UA take our guidance from history for a ('0rT«1 &h!'"iC: t to thi5 qu~ti on. A CMdd peruul of the j)f:tiod.s of re,·olutr , "'· ill ~:I thL1t~~~d~ionn1 ~eth~5m:~:~da~~ ~~~~ prnof to &how that it i.'l lhf. counter -revo lution that alwa~·· cau'«:! Llood!!ohed. !!!..:..vdlihffl on l)' fol io"'!' when the dep~ r~rne attempL• to o\·etthro w the rt:\·olutio n. Fo r U !§ 10 Amtrica. r~ceful Anglo. Suon £n~dand. the d aM•tc.a l e XBmJ•Ie of re,·olu· tiom; t•dthout },Jood:oohed o r \'i<llence, furni ~ho. par · tic ularl y r;UOnj!!: e\·idenc(' &ub5tant i atin~ v ....t cunlC!I· tioo. In Cromwell's d..:: \ ·1 no one der.ired ci,•il war except Hoyalisb•. The King fted to Otftnnize an a rmy to m;1rch a ga int.l London. By thi ~ action ch·il " "M "' ~ lorad u pon U1e re ,·ol utionar)· p art )·. Hemember th.11 o nh· Charlo.' treacl1rn and in· trtvu~ forrrd Croni we ll to ca rry out ·his threat • fo!;t ln&t the 1\. ine:- "\\r ._·ill cut off his head, ,.·jth the c ro..-n upon it" . The moH t ttnll proof nf tl1 i~ hi!ltor iclll truth i...'l furni !<l1ed by Hu.v1a and Hun J! <tr~·· In Ru"-HU bJftl•d•lll'd ac.c-omi'Afl i<•d the fle\"O)ution l:lft:ilU!ioe of the- trc-nrha, a nJ int r l~t" of thr depn!"ol'd re~ime of lhr b•JUTj:eo itJie ttnd la ndholders. A bl oodv trail f o lio"" s ..._vkharL. ·,. thru•U. TI1e Hed T err~r wc11 an an"""t'T to the counter·revolution encouragt:d h)' ( lemcucTa u. \\ ilu.. n and Gr-orJ!e, " the tiiTf'le ,_rrd t rt'JHe:.entAtiH~> of the thrtt pcatest democ:rac ie-. of the ._·orld", . ' T o dale tl1rre ha! been "en little ,;olenee in • H unJ!a q ·. Bul !!hould the ~ou~ter-rc,·olution rear iL'I Uf!h hroarl. the ltu nf!ar ian proletariat l'l"ili n o doubt sho "'· ~ it~ \'tdt~r 11nd pro• ·t:!IS. Yr!<! On!~· h i!'ll•n · can ·er this f1Ut:!Jiun nffirmali,·el~· or ' neJ!al i,·el y. And in )mnir a. a1- el~""·here. it iw the bou r~oit.ie • ·bo will play &he leading role in: i.hil h i:-lor ical art. l'pon the-m alo ne "·ill fall the refpon .. il1i l it~· for ,·iolencc sho uld it accomp•nr a pro let.uian rt:\·oluti~n in. Amu . ica, ·u,.. 1m.. II. Dn &t"t' Mid JhaJ the Rn1oluti.on mwl co~ by th, GtnutJ S tri.kt>? 1\rithq can th i~ quo-lion be an!!wr red corrr:ctl~· L,· a n immediate "n~" o r "'no" . The General Sirike is no d nuht 11 j>o ..·erful weapon in the hand! of the pro ld.ariaL The General S trike is l'l"ltbout question dreaded Ly the c apita lil'l daH. !'\otiC't:: ho "· the murckrou,. bour,zroi!'·Soc ialist " democracy" of Gt:ml'\nv tnmbl ~ .it the General Strike. Rocall the t hill ~nt throu~h the. LackA of the American bour,eoisie by the Seattlr ~trike. W itne\s the COD· ltem:atiol) in thr c01mp of Canada'• bourgeoUie u a reou h of the Winnipef' a ffair. The Left Winj!: .!::e!:::'t .. ~. that the I'"C"\'o lution rrwsl come by the flt'neral 111rike. But the- Left \\'infi, dMs aay that there i~ eno uJ!h historica l rroof tCJ' t.how tl1at the Genera l Stril..e is a very nluable weapon in the :r "f\..s!' ':Oaua.dN :- 1 b.l~ ju.t &ai.bed rud.1q Tu April 1A. i.a it• mtiMy. I • m •n hc~n , ' Pf>""al of • Paftl of aaa, bu1 I'm af r&Jd I t.m not u • c-u tnformcd vo 1bc tUb Ject " I ou,.h.t to k , •11d I am wnunc yuu for li.,ht. I am 1 f&nDcr aad i.a t ht '"'"' yun I juin~ the Soc.iala.w Pan}, I co.. MUJII IST crl ••Bel! ~""" ~n , rec,oJ:nW"o.J u 1hr mo.t tuua.ful loc.al otJa.D· t&.ct the Pan ,- L•d tn 1bie 1111e prior 10 the ckbaclc ca. . ed b, Lbt- Non·l'a.n r..c l..ea6vt 1nd I lf't'1n to be conardertd t trll ~ much of ltl e.~cmy c.! toeit-ty lbiU m.aoy fol.U b~ ah-tut .. 1hm« lhc co unrry "'ould bt ..da if I werT dqonod -.lthou11h lily ~d fon bean ume to Ma-.eb\aattta abou1 l bJO Lad of opponunity for dOM: ~o wit.h old time Soc.ra..lull w.1uf dcpn~dt-ot a..lnt011t rn1irely upon propajlud. P lPl'U lor o1u inform11ion " ' Soc.ialiat acuritift, we- who ••.n 1hr tnn h 10 much h ...c ben! forud to our OW1I i.oter· JlrT! IIJIIII~ uf ~nu and -.omt1i1DCI we 6..Dd it ft:rJ d.illea.h to anaJyu tlicm u tida.ctorily. fur uulu ce- Oo yoo huld that tbc ~utimt _,, cotM by '" rol,.,.,cr ? Or br 1 ft:nCTal~trilr.c ? If.., .-try DOlDiaate u ,t,C"n 11 Ill or n.tn pnlili ra? I hut- p~od on th,. t hn~t"J t hat whee 51 P'f"' ('.ent of the df'lt11tfal e.boWd t ul e thf' S P. trd.et., wc c-ou ld unutule u loduaarial rt.«illle and I a m cr:rur n that t.b..t i du " uppnmOil in t.bc mt11d.. " ' u ... rr-d· h,.ndC"d.. n~ Socia hall •bo or~ntu.d the NnnJI.n ,,..n l~f!UC" 111d 1~ yean a,o n~lr tbt- m.a.e.hinc ry of tl'" Hrp ubliun flan y in lh.i. ttatc a nd ba•c 10 m&r· aha.Hrd thr aupvon uf the wu,.,.,. in th. au.u that w e rinuall)· b.l•·r a 1111e So•'-Ct~f fii1Dr.T"L I un ~e~rul .. c onoc-ttT. of your uwninjr th.at the Ctra. at.tutwna.l a mtntlmf'f!U a d opted hl::n Jut fall by plcbiC"itc a nd thr lc-~ti a 1 111'"C" &tU now aboui to be rr/arrJ are nDr rnoluruuwry . JJut il a.uch • your C:ODtmtion pluae eJ · plarn I hut rc.fn..incod-u b.l•e m.anr other Rode out btt"f'-fwm r nd f,f~lniE thr t..e,.~ uc Ufllll thia lell . Uut cannot hrJp f~llfl , thll Ol.lt (ri.•ertwr and m.&il1" othtT IIIII' oft. ~11 11 arr e1t.ndm11 up r•vJ,\r to tht J~>b of urryin~ ou1 the r ndutln~ . PII•P••n tni UJil rlltd Ly our r~nl le~tiAi aturc. 1 11d d ftllot"r'\'r t tr,. e.:.mf'lt euppon of all radrc.aU. The- S onl'•n•••n i.A"tj!ur IH<.~f!T i m d~ oot cncompa" u m uch u I thoultJ lrLe. Lut at:ail • t r cluar 1 cry for food be· c•u..c- it c:.annut eat mu1? l1 .,.,.ms ro mr t hai tLia i1 fundamrn1al. Somt- of our ~~~~~ off•rra h htd tno•·rd traitort.. l•ut they 1ft onlr m..&lr., tnJ:_ the fumrn fmot r in the-it df1trmination to 6~:-ht tbc r L.aJ,,.·, csplou,.,... · I du not "want to l.lc fu und con~r'¥11in if the timt come. lot " t rllon." b u1 il llftLtfl mr that r-~iLI'" 1"0U who hart t:~Lrn •" .,., ...e • ran tn "thr •tnrcclc for 1ti~1 ~. bavt lt"'t1l mut h a Lu-.c tluit yu u fJ tl II• llf<~•P llrc ut,.. or d 11ub1 the yw-ilulil:t o( • pacriul rn<ob110n btoiJI.hl ahou1 at tbt to ball~>t · l/'01. II thc rontrvl ••f thr .-\. r . o f L lhould 1hif1 from C..om. mm of rout dlt'-iD(l. would )"Oil •tUI inei11 on • pe-t? II• '"~(o("tlllll ·: l liiTJ fir • ould )•• U jlr.nt that 1 · Labor· parry mtl!hl ;tc-t m nr t '"ota- ? lo u lhtr "orda, would yo u admin· q~o ioine in a leuPQOo or a capaul ? SrnnTCir your.. 0 . J. Tooo. i.trr hlr cha:atter of the clllSII .ar~ggle and will become a peat channel for propa~anda. To the Left Wing the battle for leF"i,.lati,·e a.eat. "·ill M a mun~ of · arhu~.in(! Te\'o lluio nary m&~ol' (clqe) action ·on all fiel ds. Parliament to us it a forum for agiaa .. lion. h i11 a mean~ of obttruelin~ capiaa l ~m and not a mean ~ of i ntrodut'ill ~ Communism.. Partici'· pation in election c..unpaisns Eh'er. w a chanoe tO Put our cue ore thr "'·orlcin@: dau and promote cia~ confiC iou!'O<'S! witho ut \'iolencc.. Uut partic ipation in political eampaign11 is not the only fo nn of political • ction. To the Left Wm~ an)' action on the part of the proldariat \ll"hich a im10 to undermine and overthro -.. L!;f' po litical po-·er of the Capitali5t clas... is political a.rt;dn. Thu!i a l'lrike of mint'rs and railwa)· worken to l'l'in freedom for the Cla.v War P•i50r.~ :-s. i11 ~ po li· tical act in dite of the fact that lJIOII!.Al"ldll of\ " for· ei,men" an non·\'oten may participate in 11uch political act ion. By participating in political cam· ftc[ ~8a0n~ ;:e~~~r~~~i~ecl~~~~r:;o~!d uc:de~?;e5 ~: ir~!Fe~-~;hac:,~i~;.0::~:~!~yi.v w~::Ci~d~!~:a~~ bourF"toi!lie. then we ll and flOod. the Left Wing i1 for iL It i! the purp0$1t of the Left "\lrinp: to make· the pr o letariat of AmeTico clue comcJOU!I enough lo l""e'§OM to the @'CMral mike w~e:never the eiruation c.alie for iL Ill. If 1o tt:hy no'"inou ctUt.tlid4U, Ol all a.nd mur polilics? \\ 'hnher the 6nt h'o qoetrtiom are tO be ·an· ewered by ..ye~~" or ''no" onl r the future can tell. but ._.u.~n:r h'-'tory'e answer will be. the Left Win(l' doe. believe in nom.inatin~ candidate! and eott:Ting politics. To the Left Win~ the w-u~lc fo1 5eat.- in bourgcoia parliaments i• a gua[fC, ~uring wo1 ~ clue maturity. The parliamentary .mrthod may not be a perfect method. fa.nd we ott· tainly uy t.ba1 i1 i.e not perfect ) of teeting pro k.ta.r· l&n hopet and ""rCadineu.. We are aware of the Dumm'ow ban l d up by the bour8fl0iaie. Yet it doea ahow to what fenor the clua 1truggle hu heeD wo rked up. and to wha1 temperature claaa weapon. hne been beat.ed. U'hile CommunWn -.·ill reject pulia..JlleUtary govemmc:nt, it will not dc.trov all of ill elemcnu.. Communi.am will make an unPreverted w.e of the only gooa c.h.aractua.tic of Parliameuri.am., the re:praentative demeuf The Left \\ mg gladly welcomee the opportuu ity of "partjcipallnA in ela:tion ca.mpa ~m for the i~tr purpow: of winnin@. legulative teo.~ll.. lo tb..i. tenae... tov, • ·e ur~ the uae of political actioa u a rt:I'VulutioDary wew.poo". A r.l Soci.a~ a Loft Wins ~ will -ploaaile the implaca- ( d;ffermcca botwoen Socialiam ADd Capital;.. - ao defmite that the inde6.nite and unat.ecady Wft'e cl campai gn vietoriee ~a.nnot cleteraU~~e them. U 6ltyone Jler cent could vote c.apitalillin ont of a:ial.eDee in 1920, why e&nDot 6fty-one per CeoL YOte capital•." ilm back into existence in 1924? Why cu"t dW procea& go on od in~m t:1 ed u.u.~a~a1 TraJy common .en~e Jell. fOT help! · In Finland the Scci.alim woo a m.ajm~ ol ... eeau in the Diet. And to~y the of ._ Finniah prolet.ariat an drilling izi t....bo.-'a HaUa. After more Ll,an 6fty -one per cmt: o£ the fUu. hid voted Socialism into a.istenoe a.nd Capiuliaa. 011 of e.J. i !lten~. the helli!h White Guard of the F"mm.la Bour~~ie began to menaoe Petro!ad ed to lliWe a.....m, it:!.~~ at the hear. of the Prolcurian Repablio o1 Why i11 thi11 .a? lo the answer t.o this ~ lie- the ,;tal d1ff~ betwceo moderate ""Social· i5m" and f"e\·o lutionary Sodali.am Or CommUDilm. We mull look into the rdationabip of the ataae 10 the cl ... &truggle. Here let ue ap.io e. II oa hna.ory for a.n emwer. Thto 11ory of the PaN {"..omaiJme il mO!t enlightenin~. h &howe clt:¥1r that the proletariat cann,t •impl)· take hold of the ready . . . !!late machinay taod make we of it for ita owa endr.. Scientific in\'esti@"ation cleuly tbow1 thai tbe ·$141~ is not at all a power £oiated on ~ {...,.. the ouuide. h ill not 1111 orsan t.a&.ins root a Heaven. ,And jt duutot be ul«i by nery ooe ad any one an~'Where at &n)1i.me and tor auy ad aU pUfJIUSC!I. The 5'-tJk ~ foot in the JmA&trial • t·o nditions and i• a prodt)Ct of aociety at ll oert.aiD lila@:e of e,·o lution. ..The St.at.e is a real orpniu. lion of defenK to ,uua.nter ~d pe.rpctua~ a moc1r: of a5!1ociation, the- !oundation o£ which ia a form of eConomic production... Jn c.apiJ.aliN aocidy the Sla:c ~ an orgi!-niution Co r perpetuaJ.ing tbe•capi· tah't mode of production. 1be SUJU ia capitAlill ~«i et~·. Tlw Capil4li.JI SIOU terYet the bour~iaie as a mnchine for oppreviug the· proletariat. 1).is hdd~true ln 'republic as well, u ia • mooarchy.""' ..n ,e Modern Sllit.e is only the orga.niulioo, boar~t-oi!l •ociet)" Cornu in o rde.r to aupport the Clla"· nal C'onditions of 'the capitaliat mode of prod.> tlbn against the mcroachfDC'D"li· u well of tbe "·orkru . as of the indi,·idual capit.lia." With the de,·elo pment of modem i..udunry elaea ~ hecume intm 11ified and widened. ""1be State power i11 more and more lurned into ·an orpn of Capital'• ma11tery o\·er Labor. 0£. a public force organilecl for Social erulavement, of a.o ~ of cl... ... poti1m." W itneu the E....piona~ Acta, t.be Orden· in C:O.... cil, the- Criminal Anti·SyndicaliJt Lawe. d.e War Labor Board., the State Couach, the - of troopo a.s ~triJ.: e.breaken, the citiuns and wit.ch.lnmlizl& im'Cfit i~ at i ng commiues to protect tbe "pablic". The ca pitalist atalt: doe. not emd with.ia the foe , wall> of the ParHameat bwlcfiqg. The .,.,.,.,tbo DB\')', the police., the ~. the IUDdry jllltioe di. prn.'leTS, the priAona, the adminiltratin ud b... c ia! L ur~uc racy, and the'eou.ntlc:M ~-of J'I'CI"" p11Fand.a and mi.Jiinformation are part ud ,.,.. of the capitalilt Stale. In Mort thia State ia the tota l power of the owrii.ng (capitalill ) claM. The declaration of confitc.ation of bo,u:rpoie propcny i• merel y a judicial act. Every e.iDsle boa.rpail wiII have to be espropdat.ed ia aetuality-illd.irid. ua ll~·- A majority of the delepl.el to ~ without the pONeNion of the lut D:ll:lltioaed .,.... ci~ will not give the workins clua the poli&ical power or control ,.·hich it mu.tt haft in Ol'd. .. grad ually introduce Com.munian. R~ dtat the bourgeoisie do oul contro l ~ meaaa of baf. fl ing aod thwartins the will of the m..a.t!ll ~ they have • majority i.a. the lesMlati.e cbambw. On the contrary the C..pitaliaa c1. . b.u a majority of the vbtes becaruae it hu COGtrol ol ..._. · meana of euppraaiq the Will of the IDUI& A otudy of the Slalo'o IUolorical c~ooo~.,­ ehon lhat the 10eiety in which thin il ,a S....,. bopeh.,ly d;rided •salnot iloelf, baa .........W It· .elf in irrecooailabk ooatradictioa. wbicfi il powerleu to bODW.. iD oider that .. - -.di&> lions, the.e cl...ee with~~-..... - . . may Dot a.orUhilate u-..el.- mel ~ 8 parliamentary ofice5 can be used to political advanl· a ~ fo r the pro lr1.a.riat by employin, them u a means of 'pr.,testinf.! •fl•in!t "the ah!r,olutiam - ·h.ich hide! behind ti-le parliamentaq· fo"nr.~... In &hort the Left ~,:in fl. n'ot ltei r:~ g An~o-Syudi· calist, will gladly UJie the election campaipts to in· crea~ the latilurie of ito~ revol utionary propa,anda. II' . We 1atwe al&t"r.'fJ bdirotd thaJ fifty-oM /Wr unJ con vc\i~ Soc&tllism inlo ui..sknu. J. tMI Ml , 0 ? Thi 8 iJi not 10 . F int of all, it i• mO!t imrrobable that a due eon«ioae pr o letarian political party · can ~ ~ a majority of the ballol.ol callt. Remem· ber that"' Jon« aa capitalillm luta the worken will not own their jobs. We have a notion that there i1 10me connection between the feu of loUog a job and a -.ote. Of c::oune the powerful preu, ner .ervin~ the muter clua, al10 hu 10methins to aay aa to how the ballota are to be caac.. 1ne educauoel- ltniJ!8Ie, • powa" .....,.,_ tional m..titutiom mould the worken' mind. to 00 11....U apparently abo.. aoCioly ....! baa tbo atna~ll e:xteot. And tbil bu a marked in8ueDOe of keep; n~· doWD the ooolliolo .....1 ~ .,.. upon the voter. Tbc church aud eundry other or· der. And th;. powor, the ooitpowth of oOciity, ... san.~ of puLiic opinion complete the bourseola tuk . .um.ing aupnmacy o.,. it ud becc..iat ..,. of miele.~d.ins the prolet.ariat. furthermo~ poll a.nd more d ivorced from ilt b the Sta.le... t.uea, educational, and ruidenti.ll qu.a.li6c.a..iooe. The s .... clmded ito -"en by Jesal technique. theit. corruption, and aDaJra.o· .,..ted 1 puhiO: power of coon:ioD that io d ' chitoement alway• come to the.t JUCIMI ol the bour· tr;..lly orpooed to • ool!oOrs..u.d ADd ..... geoisir.. Such are 1M i.muperahle bania-. confrOid· population. TbC State ia a product o.f clua ~' ·..,.rw;th the :t;.;..i .., of ...,;..,. iDloj c l - II io ing clau conacioua proletarian poli!kal partMs. But for the aa.k.e of ar gUment, ld "' pant the impouible to hove o ••lf..,ra...u..d 1t1DJ ol the almoa:l impoaaiblo-that the fifty-ooe per or.nt vote peoplo. """"" • •J>Kial po- ol .,...,.... .. can be leCUJ"ed.. h" Dn~~ dtw:ided.ly doea Dot follow COD* a Det'lfJIIIIoity ia ft«'1 Sial& . L'w Socialism io hroUjJht iDlo - - Tho (~--'J a a - r ..... .,._,r ...s it!!!" . l �The New York COIDIDUili:t 4. Why Political Democracy Must Go By JohD Reed VII. in forma ar1icle~~ traced the failure HAVI~C of U1e &mall property holdtTt~, Labor and the Sociali!'t& to ~twin control or the Go'·emment in Amrrica. it i ~> no.,..· nec~ry to indicate ho\11· the few peat capitalil'ts are ahle, in the most _a d· nnccd politiral demncnry of the "·orld, to Wtlb· atand the prnsure of oil othrr clv~. either alone or combined- in other ~o<~' uuiJ. ju~ how political democracy (aila to ayure a go\·emment by the DU· l ;ority. \llu~n Karl Marx .aid that the modern capital· itt ' l'lale M'M " nothint. t~JJ tMn a mochW Jor the opprnsiDn o/ on~ drus by on.otlv!r, ond that nnl leu JO in o dem ocratic rt•public than under o mon· orr"hy," he made a profound ob!'len·a~i~n, the m~r.e remarkablt since at that time the ongm of po!Jtl· cal derTJOCtatic al ate!' ¥~'8& &till aurrounded with a romantic halo of librrurian phrue.-,..·hich etill in.<~J•ired the Forty-[ightera. Fonunatf!:ly, thanh to the work of &-ard, Me· MaHer, and others, the ori,ins of the Amr!'ican Republic are today IIVailable to all; and they demon· lHrate 'o~dth utter clearn~s that the Gov~rnmenl of 1~ [ :niud S tatn •t·aJ d~Jign,d by i.tJ foundetJ to protf!('l t~u~ ri(·h a~llltUt 1M poor, propttly agairut W r.,ceui.Ji,j of li/r ond liberty, on.d UK monopol· Ulit minor&.t)· o~oinJI 14 mtJjorilr. Pri!!·H,.\·olutionary ~ocirl j· in :\merica wa~ di· vided into three \'t'f"Y l'ha rpl~·-defmed clas&ee : the upper ci a~~ co n!!i!'tin~ of the cler~., profes~ionnl men. mrr<'hilnts. landed prQprietou and the gTeat 11ilnve-hoidiJ•g: p l antt-r~ in the South; the middle cia!!! , of f.hop keto pen and f armen: nnd thr com· parth·d~ unimporumt lo"'tt cla~s. o ( ala\'e!, poor "·hit~ in tl•e South, mechanics, indentured aen·ant5 and apprenticc._..- all of ,..·hich had no votes. Ex· cept anu111F the midJit" and loy,·er cl 3~l'oe6. there " ' 8! n() di!<ontrnt "''ith Uu: politict~l institutions of the Briti!!h Empire; oo the other hand. there ""'a~ a healthy conttmpl for Democracy, often expreti&ed, amon~ the well ·lo~o and educated. t ;ntil the ac1.J;. o f t11e llritish crl)\'ernm~nt ~gan aeri o u ~ l~· tn hampc:r tro.df!- in other word!l, prop· erh- the upper cla ..!-1 in tht- American colonie!' wu not in an\· ~ns.e rt'\ ulutionan ; in fact. many of the fr amerf. Or the Con!oiitution · h,.d b«-n ag-1irut the Jte,·o lut ion. In 1nv !o(:n~oe. the Re,·o lution. for the Colonial upper do~. wu fl\'ored only imofar u it promiM!d to prOIK't their tnaterial interests. Like all Hevolutiom, howr,·er, it "'·as prC"Cipitated and t-:.pr~st"d h,· ideali~t~ . and carried throu((h b)· thr mu.!'~in thi!l <'l!'ioe . the middle cla.or.~t--"' ho lOW in it the oppor1unity to t"!>t3bli!>h a (tm·ernment io their oy,·n intere-oh. Th~ interest~ were ex· prel'l!loed in the formula. "Life. Lihn't y and the Pur· Auit of Happine-5s"- ,..·hich did not refer to Alnes and indentured I'OCT"'AnU at 11l, but to th~ \'Ut rna· jority of traden. and iarmen. This was tht element ,..·hich wrote the Declarp.· tion of Jndef)endenee, in the heal of the He\·olution· ary &trug~le, when , 8 !1 in all Remlutions, the m.ua wu dictatinf the •logan~ of the mo\·ement. The eleven )'Urtl of the confederation which fol· lowed, ho,..,e,·er, proved that human society wu definitel y embarL:ed on the capitalitt en, which ""IL" i;u:ompatible with th~ "natuul ri~ l!'"-that individualistic li~r1~· ~o fond ly emLncN by the lima II prurerty owne r&, at beet auiting their free de· velopment in 1 land of unequalled opportunity. 11ll' middle cia"! whose ~· ict"!! in the Revolutionar:v tMUf!@le had made them the dominant ell•"' in ~ociet\', • ·tte jealnus of their freedom an'\ ir:drpnld,.nce. · A lre.ady the df'\'elopment of capit.al· ism had ~n to concentrate wealth in the hand! of a few. Great corporation! had already tied up immen~ trarts of l11nd. and the bank in@ intereet.'! in the towm had a monopoly of capit1l: theroe condi· tionP. had m•de the lldty bour~iP.ie a d~btor daat. The middle clal't. therefon: wu in favor, 111 at li ter perio~h. of cheap cunency. and or ~he . viol•bility of contr.ctl'. A ,ma ll !fOup.,or .:..:pllah-u b1d ~ cured control of the depreciatbJ Consnuiooal aod Sta.te obli,rations iuued to paj for the Revolu· tion, and the midJie claa.s • ·lahcd ·to wipe out this debL h<ld ju5l as the ptat capitaliau were io f•vor of • 5tron~tiY centn!iaed sovernmet'l\, which · would guanntec their tpeculltive inve.t.meota and monga~. and protect thiA propeny with fede.{al troop• and po l ~ 10 the middle cl... fe.Ncd a ccntulu.ed government, wt o.e action• it mis\lt oot be 1hle to control u it cont.rolled the •parale lla.le lcgitl•tura. Anempll 1t o littarc.hy or dkt.atonhip in eACh .e-pautc il1.te m..i~ht be op:•'111Cd, ii all other mouu failed, by a popul ar upriti'Dg. In fact. the ele•eo yea.re or the Confederation .. w many auch i.uurTet· tiooa. It i• i~erntinK to oote 'here that !Au. .a. ,urredioru &:"'':tl' diucl~d a&auul 1M:OP~· who had &ol control of 1M 'tak &011~~nll. by &k mlddU da.u d,btotl. The cu)zr..;oatin:; in•urrec· tio.;;,;-:it~~:i:•~ ~e~~::o;~ri~ by Mr. Cunis, io hi~ Conjlilutionol His1orr oj 1M Unil~d Sl1Jle1: "'A lo:\elling. lieentioua 6pirit," tays this old reactionary, "a r e&lles& de1ire for change, and a di11· p o!ilion t-;, tl1rOYt' do,..·n hllrriert. of pti\'ale rif!hb. at Jen1f1h broLe forth in conventions, ""·hich f1r~ voted them~h·l':l!- to be the people and theo declared their proceeding~ to ~ constitutionaL At th~ a~~mblit'!l the doctrine "'' as publicly broftdu:d tAol propnly OUfhl lo be common, becaute all had aided in toa\·ing it from confi!ICIIion by the power of Entt:land. Taxes were voted to be unnece55ary burdem the courts of ju!-tice to be intolerable (fiieVances. and the legal pro(&o.sinn a n~nce. A re,·hion of the &tate comtitution WI!' derru111ded, iD order to aboli!<h t11e Senate. reform the rt'pre!oenta· lion or the people, and make a ll ch·il oflicera eligi· ble by the people.. ." It WitS th~ rt'YoiU ,..·h ich f Urni•hed the immediate incentive to the adoption of the Constitution. The "'·ork of prrparinl! the country for the capitaliat coup d'elal had been carried on carefuli)· and tactfu ll )· for ~vera) yean hy A lrxander Hamilton nnd Jam~ Madi ~ n-afterwarJ President ..,f the United State». In calling the Con!'litutional. Con· ' 'ention o£ 1';'87, (or in ~lltnce. the leaden did not dare to sugge"t their real object! ; the aim of the Com·ention. it stBted. y,·as merel y " to re,;!lt: tht Articles of Con rr:deration." It "·as also carefull~· n rra n ~ed thot the delelate5 lihould not be elected b)· the pebple, or en~:n by directly repr~· tRt i\·e bodiec.. u had bet:n done in the cue of t11e Confrr~~ ""·hich i!.~ued the Oeclaratic-r> of lnrlependence: instend, they "·ert- cithi'T chosen by the legi ~ laturH. or. more ol!en. appointed by the GpY. ernon of the atates. And it !hould be remembered that · proper!)' qualific... tion for tht franchise existod in all the stalei, 110 that in no ca~ ""·u t11e Jo,..·er. or working class, repreFoented in the Con\'ention. And "'·hen the Con,·enlion fi nally met, it did itt ""·ork in r.c"Cret. behind clo!led doon, like the Puce Conference in Paris ; and like the 1-ner. in order to p rrnnt the public from .lno"·ing "·hat ""·as going on. it e\·rn forced its memh:en to promi!.e not to talk to am·one oul61de. So that when the Conl titu· tion "'' A!, 'finally compleird. it wu i!!ued to the ""·orld in 11uch a form that its r eal meaning, and the for~ whirh produced it, • ·ere absolutely unknown lo the colonifU. The majority of the signen of the Declaration of Independence "''ere Revolutionary leaders, men reJ•reM"n!inJ: thr smnll p roperty holder,.; while the majority of the frarnen of the Con~it uli on " ·ere the banker,., ~tpecul at or~ in the land nnd money, and the merc h ant~. \1any delegate! to the Consti· tuent Com·ention • ·ho had fti~ed the Declaratibn o f tndrpendt'!lrto reru!f!'d to •i~ the Constitution, denoundn~ it as a ''conspincy" : among theR wu Benjamin Franllin. J am~ Madison, afteT"''.·ard . Pre&ident of the l'niterl Stale!', "·ho was ch ieA)· r e!poruib le for the Comtilution-""·hich he dor.cribed as ha,;ng "the form Rnd epirit of popular government " ·Idle pr~ vent in~ ,majorit~· rule"~xp~ in 1785 the theory of economic interpret1tion io politica. He WTOte : "1'ht mo.t common and dunble tourte of hctiom (pa,qea, d aM"'I · hu Moen thr •:t.rinua and unequ•l dW.. tril•util\n of r'" IW'"Y· Tho.e •ho hold and t~ who 1n withoul rropeny hu'C' C'YU fo~d d ittinC1 interau in ao- •·as tllat 10me check therefore wu to he sought for .a¥ainrt thit tendency of our gnvr.rnmenL .. "' Alexander Hamilton, io urging a life·term for Smatnn, u id th11 - all communilirj dit~itl~ thf!mu l~ inlo tht! J""'· anJ 1~ tnOFI~·· The fir~l IW" thr ricb 1n1l well ·bom, and the other the mi:Wt of the people •+10 eeldom juJgt~ or IK:1 ri,mL" Gom-emeur Morris, of New York, wanted to ch~k the precipi· tanc-y, c-ha.n,eab l cn~ and exc~" of the npraeo· tati\'e5 of the people, by the ability and virtue of ",rreat and ~tablis!ted proJletly·ari!llocracy; meo " ·ho fr om prid,. "'·ill aupport coMitlei"Cy and per· mantnc~· .. . Such an aristotratic Lody "'· ill kecJ. d o,..·n the turbu lance of democraq-." Gouverneur M orri~ ftho• ·crl th,. r.apitali11 ,·iewpoim of the Cooventil)n, "'·hen he boldl)' alated, "'Life and lil.aty "'' ere f:!t:nera. lly 11tateri to be of more va lue than proP:_t"rty. An accurate view of the matter would. ne\·ehheleM. prove that proputy wa.t tM main object of mciny . . . . If property, then. u•G.J l~ n&ein ohjr:cl of GOtlernm~nl. certainlY. it OUfthl to be ont! mea!ure o r the influence due to tho.e · ·ho were lo be .dTect.ed Ly the go,·emmenL.. ·And finally, Mr. Madiaon :~gain: "Ao increa5e of populttion will of neoeu!ly in· cteAJ.C the proportion of thoFoe ""·'ho "'·ill lahar UD· der a ll the hard ship~ or life and r«ret l~· l"igh fur a more eq ua l d1i<tribution of itJo bl~"i n g!ii . 111~ may in time llulnumbcr those "·ho are p lam:d abo,·e the feelin g!' of indi~t"nce. (The poor may outnumber the rich.) A<'cordin~ to the e-qual la""·e of auff rage. tht- po"·er " 'ill ~; ) ide into the hands of the former. f\ o agrarian attempb have yet been m..ode in thil country, but ,.ymplorru of a levelling .!1pirit . .., we ha,·t" understoood, ha,·e ,.ufficientl)· appeared, in a certain quarter 1Shaya' Rebdlion), to give notice of • futurr- danger." Madi.~n furth er advi,.ed the lon,·ention that in fram ing a &y,.tem • ·hich they wi!hed to lut for age&, r~ mwl nlll /(u~ 'itht of tM changeJ u•hicla 1~ agel v·oul.d prodw:e in I~ fOrtn.J ond dUcribu· tiou of proputy. TI)e Convention did noL It fi nl ll )' framed a Comtitut ion. wh ich. ""·hile appearing l'> pr~rve popular ~o ,·emment. in realit~· &ecureO the r4zh~ and propert~· of the minority Of:!ailllt "'the 1uperior force of an intereoted and overbearing majority." Liberals and "p3rliamentar(' Socialim in thi. country are a\,..·ays pleading for the ''minority rights"' ,.uaranteed by the Constitutioo. But the "minorit)·" whirh the Con.<rtitution guarantee! ia not the one they atre to~~ I king about ; )t i6 the penna· ne.nt capit.aliJt minorit)', and it ~ gaarantecd 1gahu t the will of the majority. 'fhi~ is aa:ompli~hed throu([h the f()-.Uiled ..check and balance .n stem", b\' y,·hich the President i_, in· directh· elec1ed. the meinbers o£ the HoW!.e of Rep · resent8tiH:s are el~ted in one Way, the Senate in another, .ad finally, the motl p o•·erful body of al l. the Supreme Court, is no o:..ected at all , but ap· pointed. TheM" nriou.s bod,,. ch~k each other'• action, ao that no fopular m•jority can control the proces!leti of legi" ation, execpt after 1 long and !:~~d: b~~:·r.~~a!t ~~~c~~~~:is~~~i!~: terb.Lo, ab1,.olctelv O"''D and control the go•emmenL lt i1 fuc inet.in@: to ltudy the hi1tory of theilc times--to dir.cover, (or in&tAJY'Ie, that most of the t eip1ers or the Const itution derived im.qledi•te per· &onal wealth from itA proclamatioo: that there WL'I a co=::'\p :rac~· among the upper clus of the colooiea, io cue Lhr Convention f1iled, to organiz.e an insur· j~jY·un!~:-\ ·~~:~ •di!!:~:~:~o~~d ~~~a~~d -r:,!::~ rection to o'I'1:Tthrow "'democucy" by force of anm; manular turinJ intern:, a merun1ile inlcrnl. 1 monrytd that out o£ the eixty-odd delegates eJ«.ted. only inll.rTII, lf'OW up of ne-c-r..ity in e:i'I;)Urd nation~~ and dj. thirty-nine r;iple.J the document, many withdrew ,·ide them info diflnml rla.-ca.. anuatt-d by di1Jermt leD· from the Cunvention aho@'dho.. and an immen.ae t im~n la and Yif"W .. The rTculuion of lhNl' nrioua and in· 1trlrrin« tntn't!!'la forma the principal ta.ali of modtm lee· anser ahoOk the middle clue when it di.,cove:r-ed. illation. •od in'I'UI'fea the •Pint ot party and f•nion ic the too late, what the Constitution meant; that the n«aurT and ordin.ry orentiont of the I01'ent«Dl"nt.'' middle ciU" h11d to threaten to refuse ratification h will be ~~een bv thi .. that before the end of the before the flrst ten a.mendmenL,. which constitute eitthteenth century ihe American c.pit.alisl claae b1d the Bill of R;ghl>, were odded to the document; I!Dd ditcovercd. 1nd •pplied for ;u own ad,·ant.ase, what thtt the d ifferent 1111e legi~laturea were penuadcd Karl Man d i.:overed more than tiny yean later. to ratify the Constitution throu~ the IDOit ah~ Litten once more to M1dison, epeakin~ before the! lea~ COrTllptiOD by the capitaliat ~ Coostitotion•l ConYC'Otion, advocating that the YOte goin@: to the ment of bribery. be gi'ven to the propertied dueea aloae : The fint act of the nnr Coft!l"nnlleDl .uhlr.hed "Jn future times a gre.t m•jor.ty of the people by the Constitution, u wu to be upec:ted. wu the will not only be without landod, bw ony OIA.rr .sort ..fundin3" of the public debt-that ia to a.ay, an of pro~rly. Thme will either combioe under \be anan~t to pay the badly depreciated U te an.d inAuence of their common ailuation: iD wbk:h ~ Congreu.ional oblis•tion• at their f.::e nlue. Thia debt omouoted 1• more thon t76,000,000. The holden of the depru:ioted boado oad ...._..... probable, they will become the toolt o( opuleoce o( which they had pw-ch.u.cd for a 1008-W!II'tl sJtrm aad ur::.hition. . • " in uchansc bond• of the oew GovC~DJDS~t of the EJbridp;e Ga-ry declared thAt •il the evil• cxprri. United Sw.oo, wb;.h then proce..t..l to I"}' tueo erce by the Coofede.-atiun Rowed ..from the ~ upon the m iddle and wor~ daue~ to pay the iD· o r deruoc:ncy." Edmund Randolph Mid. •"that the ters and priocipal. Thw a.l the very be~ geaeral object .... to provide a cure for the rnt. o( our GoYa'U!DC.Il~ the liule clique of bankers aDd under wbic.b the United Statfll labored ; ~ iD apeculaa.un who framtd the Conaitution wtre tncing thme evil• to their origin. evwy mu. bad Ji- o .... fortuae, the por-t of whid> ...IDoed fOUDd it;, tho turbuloox. ODd follioo of domocroc7; _6) ~ i!r~::Jr~!tl:!ir~t ~~~~:b!~m~ (c-._.. ... .( �\ I Tho Now York Communiat Left Wing Notes T H E Left Win~rga.ni.J:aLion b~ decided to aup· fo~·mg von Lhe n ommce and uU all rln'olul ionary Soc iali~u to do likewise : For lucwiv~ Stcret_Ory of Locol NeMJ York : AfaximUwm Coh.rn.. The l\"ew York Cowwt.:NlST depends upon l'oluntecr '-'Otkeu for iu. di1tributioD through· o ut the city. E..nch ""·cr.k'11 i~ue i• rudy for di11tribution on Thundey ehernoon. Co:ne to the headquarteu, 4..'l West 29th Stroet, Thun-da~· . tmd get your bundle. !'\ow is the time to ~;et tl1e truth ac:ro'6. !o.thke the Left Wing campaign among the rBnL: and 61e a hup:e liUCCN.S by pulling a Co~ w ust sT e.1ch t<~'eek. in the hands of e'·ery pan.r member. Our mono i.i:-10,000 CoWK\J!(lST!i in ·Greater N!:w York! Notice to AIL Brand~a of Locah New York,. Ki"lg&, Queen ... Richmond, A.tori.a and Brons. AI a mN:lliiS o f th'= City Co mmittee htld on the 5th d.n of Ma,·, it "·a.~ decided to call a City Con· ve11tioO, and t..hot the La...<•l! of reJ•ret~enlation tihaU be : .. One dt'legate for every SO membu& in @'Ood stunding o r rMjor frad ion thereof; that branc:het~ ahu-11 elect delegate~~ direct· ly." You an therefore reque!<ted to ~~end out a call to the br anche, irutructing th~ to ~lect delegatee .to the com·ent ion on U1e hat.ltl decaded by the Crty Commi:tce. Tiu: •Com·mtiou will be hel..i on June 14th a.lld 15th. ot (.Jueens Count)' LaLor Lyceum, CypT'CII!.I ~rllbee.,a~~:rro:.o&~d, L. 1. The order of ~; meeliD.J of Ci1y Commi_ttee bu~m~ Creflent ials to thr Soc1nlil't P ar1\' C il\ Con'"entio n 6hould be in the h:m th: nf the drle~aie& by S.otur· day morning al the ~atest .• t<~·ho 11till hR\"e suL~ription l i~ltt ..h,)uld ~nd them in immedwteh·. We need the mont)· ~ ~t.uJWJUA.S Cou£N. All Ldt Win~ Or~aniz.ation!l and Branche! are n otif1t'd 11ot to arranp:e affair'" fo r S unJay. Au· gust 2·1. 19 19. the ~ale o! tlu: ~h \\ ing Picnic . an\· T!le unreorp:a ni.zed 2 3rd A. D. Branch l. 1\.in,z:f. meeu. t'\'t!f\' !'11 o r~ dn night at 170? Pitkin 8\'enue; urEaniter. 'Fei!!"1man~ An~d e'~ery mcetin~. TI1e flrst foe..'.!lion or' the pl•hlic ~~opeaking clnn "·ill .~ held at the headqunrtcr.s of the 1i th A. D.• 1538 M nd i!'On A'"enue. n~xt Monda~·. June 16. under the direction of Henry ln~els. There ha! hcen a h ea'"y re~i5tration. Our mono i" o hundred Harlem 11peakers be1fo~e t~e en~ of the 1umrner. CITI" COmiiTTEE MINUTES • June 6. 1919 C omr1de Citlow eleeted chairma.a. · Cr"dentlab h om Branch 2. 18lh A. D. IC..i.Dp. i.ll pJ.c"" af Coldbera. g~~::::: ¥,':: ~)Ru=~~ F.l,.I'UI: 1-to.ovrn., Rrc. Src'r Thi!! fe.olution "- 1..'1 adoptrd atlh-.; monthI)· mod· ing: of l...cca l l nion County. Juue 6,- 19 1'.!: \\'hcre.a~ . thr trend of " "fltld e\'enh anll the ex· 1-"=fit'm:e o f th~ Re, olution in actiOn ha,·e dcp;on· 1.trateJ the nf'Ce- &il) for 111 clear cut de fini tion of tht' Sociuli.st 110!-tt.ion ; and "\\'herrdl-. the f!r0\"1h of OJJpOrtunism und Lour· @.t'Ui~ parhamentouii m within t11e 5ocialist PM)" h.l.!l made a re·J"ot&lement of tl1e nvulutionnry Social· ' ist po:.ition imperati,·e ; and \' hereas. the tendeucv of the o ffic ialdum within' th e Pnn y ha~ J,ec;, in cOntuditiun "'·itl1 the re,·olu· t iunan · t<ntiment!l (.If the ra n\.. and Cdc withi l the P&rt~ ·ft.., manife!'ted in the SL Louis' program oo the: "'""r : he it therefore n~oh·t'd. that the S oci•liat Party delegatee o f Locnl L'nion County of the S tate of New Jeraey aAsemblet.l in their monthly meeting. in 7(1} Eli.u. beth •wenut-. Eli.ulheth, l\. J.. June 6. 1919, here· " ·ith indo ue the Manifbto and Program Qf the Lch Wing. Con ..o lidation o f Locals int o o Greater Cit~· Local. Tak in ~ action o n Party C " ·nership of Preu. T akm;; action o n the l.rft Wing. Ta\.. ins up the qu~tio n of roorga.,iz.atioo . of br.~t nr he; o f Loca l 1'\t!'o\' York. . ~nd the names o f the dele~at ~ elected nnd the brliotehe!> they represent to the &eerrta.f)' at the Quec, ~ Wbo r L yceum, Mptle and Cypret.a Avenues, R~dge,..-ood, L .I. All Comrades ealled fen Wed~y .. Meetina ad•ounted.. T o 1'\ationel Ex«uli,·e Committee of the Social· i!t ·J'Srtr or the l. S. At tl·~ re~lar morJtl•lr f(let!lin, of Lou! L nio n Count)' of J\"t'~· Jer~· . held June 6. 19PJ, at Sociali.H hudquarten., 709 F.lizabrth an:nut', a communicat ion 'o\'U read, re· ~i,·ed from Stute S«rr1nt\" o f:'\ . J.. Fred Har"'·ood. ~latin~ that the &e\'en fore·i~ l ..1ngun~e Federations ""r-re 11u•pemJed from Lhr- Party witboul a trial. l'nitJn Coun1~· p riJie.-.1!! the 1ctiou taleo b~· Lhe l"a· lional Excc~Committee. l'nion Count)' d'ec-ided 36 againM to count the lo-CM:a lled "5ucJICllded" comnd~ as n:femben o£ the Sociali5t Part)'. . Thi!> communication il' tetlt to the National Ei:· ec:ut in Committee end Socialil'l pres5. ." ltu.• l'ork '4 . Cdll. J'\[w YoRK CowwUH"'T, and Lipa. SiloropK, ~ porarilr in pine of SamilnfJ. . Credf'ntia], from 7th Ruwiac Dru.ch. Daadwkh. ht A. D. Minnril)' Croup, flietur. ' Local lUnJ! ~ C(ounty, Petf'n. and Wt!in.~oue. S1•ani•b llran1.h. Sa.non and M...,.,.,' M•nutet ul PrT''iou• meetlf\# rud atKt adopt~ Moti<>n carried 10 but roll c:all aod re-pon of ddcp~e~ afft~u'~JI~':t" at nery meetin&. 2nd Jtuuian Branch requNt that open air mertin~ be helol on Uuw.ian Qu~1ion. 201h l 'krainean branch nrtunou Cit~· Commillf"'' thll f<•mtt~injl be do!'e to &&itate (or ••r,aniz.ation 1•f wmkrra alon, 1nrhmrtal lmn 3-S-10 A. D. inttrvr lato f'"IMln that branch •tnt on rftlOfd th11 nn paid olf1C1•I be elitublt on an~· commillf'C. &h A. lJ. thll co)lirt of thr minutea of tbe City Comminee l ... •-r 10 e""a'T loranch. To imtruct dekaatH t o lhe L,.n v. inll f\iatull\al Conlen:nl!f' to ukr up qum.ion or· 1'ni1y Confen:ace. 14th A. D. K.inp •uta p~iObl ~e - fer ~ and are.U.en. , 4th Ru Niu Bnnch ape~..lu:r for Ta..d.ay ...aiq: 1.0 be hfold u pn~te-1 .,ainll upWafoo. 17 A. D. JTqut!ITr apuken fm opn:a air meetJ.nc, Reaaa- a~~d Oftr 6ft been npeUn!. Abo dud wn-r brouaht at~a i.DM ShlplacoB '"'" YVCiq ta t ..or rA npv.Uion of lan«U"'f p-oupa. ' CO•NU!'IICAT101'15 frocn fnina ai,.;nllf YOCr of elf't'er aute~ for Datiotla! rdneud1llfltl : Lf'ft Wina eanchdAtftl ft!fti•td bif;bm YVIL From UthlliAi.an Branch. l:loMon.. that It baa joi.oed lbe Lrit ~ From f.llhonian Druc.b UlDJOGKial pic.nie Jue Bib and rnqu~ina apeo~ker tr- "'fltweDt Co••wi'UT. Esecati•e Com.minee minute~ of May 28th ftllld ud Kitd upon. · OD h.jlion oi apeak~ •lwnl t1Mft il a ~ As•· .• Rn~olulionary baU&ad. Cal .. Juoe '-h. i419 N.u.i.miiW. CobeD. Nt"W Yor\: Comrade: Rd11h·e 10 \our. of the 28ih. · Ou ~ Jonl ha1 tental i~rl~ elrc:ted ddt'Jatm to the Lth Nalion.J Confe~rnce. The drl r~alt eiKted ia al.o 1 ID~· beT uf the Ccal•lon u a S11u Encutive c...mminer and ia · in cl•- tnucb wnh thr mrml.tt'rahip. · · Acr urdm• tn tl•f' clil•l" "' you encla-e we undentand , flat our ddeJalr i• turd I Z.HlCI and thai the balance of hi' npen..n will ~ pa1d by the Confen;oce pool fu11d. h thi• c-onect ? Tl•e Slatr-widr mailll ermfnetsc•r M the C..Jiromia Party held M" 3{', 31 and J une I , ••ur'l,: hnYil)· to the Ld't. Pr""umf' wou h"r rrpuna. Al.o of thr atladl:. on the ~lltf" O!tt-t of thr p.any flerr by Co•emor Strplleo•' ~ lin,._ ~t ate S«:ret.,.)" :ond rouDt)' or,rantur arn-~ltd w1th· out • ·UTanta. t~ c. II :30 A. M.• r1c., rtc. ) Triala r ome up Junf' (o and 12 on Stel•hrn,. ~rrintioal • r ndicaLam" law. AdviW immf"dialelr if tht a}o~o•r undentandtnJ i• correct and il it will bnld Jood for another !nul that baa written • in thia m.aner. Y~urn ia thr uwe. &.1c s. s.~~r,... t:J~.od~~:..~rd:a~y b~:c~a&e L.ou.J K,;np that loc.al hu chatllfl!ll "'i.n.. :;.u:r mo!i:! :1~*ru!r ~:~a 7ord:;cr: ~ ~0~~~ :t:::,::: r~ ':U~..!i ~ d ollan by fl!e.lll"' iadi• iduAl doutioea (rom o ... dolt&r up. for 1be m.Wneunoe of ora.W.Liuo. p<lbu.hiq pampbJ.u ~~u~ dd~==~o~.U:."1:.eada . bftlldl "'COftlf a,__., Notioa carried th&l EstcaU" eom.un... ....,... ~<:!.!'::!'Y= ~ NOTICE Owin@: to •tniM of work, Maximilian Cohen rni~ U b.aineu maoapr of N. Y. CoM· •II hi• t ime to the duties o f E.s.e.:utive Sfcman• o f the L W. Benjamio.Gihow ~-.. ht!en elected buaiMM •:.'l'(I5T, to ~·ote ~oo~:at!.~.u Co~ pertaiDiniJ to feE obould be add.noood to BENJAMIN GITI.OW, ~3 W. 29th SL, N.Y. C. ~U oomaumicatioDI pertailjin! to the or· aaniaation ahould be ...dd.....d •• MAXIMILIAN COHEN, 43 W. 29th St., N.Y. C. t. • ·r To the Editor etf TID c.o.nn:n...,, Drm Sir : Thr follnwinc ,...,,ution Mopt.d • of lhe 22M ud 23rd A. D.: aDOLtmO M die a.. - - . PIIO"ftft. 1 be membetYt of lhe 22nd and 2Jrd A. D. I_,. wkll _.. pri~ lwm thrir or,;uiu:r- Comrade Wr.i.b&r tAu U e&.. t i•··• fnr lklej:.ate. to tho: hhcmatioa.al Conll'flll ud Y-. ::;~ ;:~,dht~ ~·r'il~c~sh!r:;:M~~~aho~d _ : nt K•n of thia ~lr.o.:tion wu not receitoed llDtl! t..bne da711 ..... fore the e"pirat um of the election period. lbu pre"'t11liac the cmmadea of lhl& branch from ~ Uacir ....._ • tht<'<t i.mponuit m.auen. • Th" Branch at iu n:culu ~ beid May Zlal. 191.9, .. rt,:t~;~· f~:~in ~~~;n;~~~b::a:=:: :!: .~.: t Eucut h·e Cumminee ol l...oca1 N"' York dec:lar. \»: - " tirr f'lf"('tluri in•.Jid, and .et a elate for a DN"'dtlc:tioD.,-. uhanf'Uu•ly ln'ttut tinl Comrade Ce:rbn- to- bal.,.. all br111Ch nrJanu.en looc eaou.ah ill ad.._. to .aWe actu.Uy to bold Lbt dec:tiol. Ju•nrrTn D. Pt..utl. ~ u.- M..y 29. 1919. Fllwo<Uis--.. I ..Jltil ;:~'~e;"~~~~ ~~..~~~TI~u::ni:"t:at:UU~ u-:: n, l'vlit-h and South Sluic fednatioaa. ud apdW 1hr M•r hiJan Stilt or,.aniution. ud' \\l1rrua. 1hr ~u•1~nJion aud eapuleioD of 1M di8fnndti~ &bout .S0,000 'Party _ _ . _ frum ,.. n icipatu.n in Panr ai!.U., aDd . \\ huu~ thiJ action 1a u~llir Ia OW' Party ...-... ahip h)' rf'fuainll to allflw tbe01 to be bee.nl Wen 'IM upuiJ~on ur au•Pf'n•ion., b.r: h tbrn:ICJI"t ll'7'0hrd b1 t hr S...Ci•li•t Pan r of McKftllpon iD ..-.1 mr1nhrnhip mminJ. th» 6nt day of June. 1919, \hal . . c-onolrmn tlu• ar-twn laktn by the Natiou.l ["':ecatift: c-. millt't' and we demand that the Natiooai ' Ueeadft C.. mtllee in1mtdiatf'l~ re·iol..l.al~ the .uapmdtd ud cspdW orJ!aniutiuua. and 'we funhtt deaaud 1 hal thr P.&11y membtnh..lp. aad tbr: P.ny ....-... • hi11 ~111). drcidf' tbr auller of the .w~ &ad • · pul1iun of thnc ort:aniut lona, aad b:t h lld'ther ' Hc-.ul•ed thai we amd the-e reaolaliON to ~ N•d-J Esrc:u1 in Cmnmillt'«" and to tbr Party PT.a willa tiM r. qur 'l thu all l..ocal1 aod bra.nc:hf'S ill 1M Soeiali• ParJy ~ondtmn lltia 11"\lun of thr ~atiot:W ~eeUtr..e C,,.un.and denaand th.al the •uape:ntkd ud c:spd.llllll l.e rr-inataled Uu\edia!rly. nr,:.aiHUI JOJI~ a-.. .........-u- ) �• The Nonir York Convmmlot .UW btoldia& af • Coo'1't11ti~ dd~J•\5. ba1 oo llw '*lhvd of eJectiD& 6. \\'t. of U.t Ci1r Commillf'l!', fe.rJ tha1 we b.lt"e in no ,..,. • iola!r-d 1ht- S••tr Un1Utut•oo ar the Hulet of the Ut' C:•mrwllre. On the t C)nrran, •r ff'd tlut the St1U1: E.sKuii•C" V•m.miu"" M unla•·lull1 uc:n:i••na ~~ powen i.D UJI·h ·!:..tn,; thr rulr of • em.all m1noruy •ho, at the p~l ~ m •pile of thr rRon• of •the mt)onry. an unl•wfu,Jr Pl.*la l••runa: abc:.at wn1rul of abr• P•nr zuac/Uae.a in Local.. ~.,r~~~ .~d'\: ~~ .:~~~~~~~~ }/~,h~o:~~c~;~~Ji~.~e p!:;rl! lllld d iloi:IJ•hne, ntmt!~· ; !bt opptonuml)' uf tht rank and b.le to Lnm•lr a nd drttruvM lor 111df l'artT Pohcie- and T t rl•ct.. and ' " 1 ~•1 t lltnt, 1hr I C'C'u.,.liuru rou make IJt•ntt thf' l..ch \\ lilt of da~pllnp; and t pl.ittin, tbe Soctal"t Pany il hurlrd hlC& al you aud J OU will he beld ft'lpoaublr to 1br Yany Mr~"bip. Fraluu.a.lly.uba:a.iued, for Cut Comnunee., ED•J'AD L Ll:u.ctr•, MAt lllct L. P.un., AaOIT PAt";.T. A GcneTOI Party Memhenhip ,_ing, o! Loc.l Queona will be held this Monday, June 16th, 8.15 P. M. •harp. The order of b~i.neu for the meet· ing will be as foll ow~: · l. General diloCuuion on the preeenl criais in d1e Socialist Party. And the polictes and tactica lead· intr up to the 5&111e. 2. Action of l'\ational and St.at.r Execu· tive ComnUnees updling entire St.ate or~an ization, Langullge r ederation.s and Local•. .3. Revocation of the Otuttt of l..ocal Quf'CJ\1. AdmitiJJnct- to' the m~tin,.: " ·ill be by member~hip ca.rd on h . Members are• requestod to be on time u the qu~tiona are \'er)' pr~inf.!. MA t.:RIC[ . . L. On the qutMtion aboiUhing the. ""reform cialiam., the conque.t of d-e Party for the Commun· Pt Jntem.aliooal. The oflic::ial Yote on lntemat.iooal deleptea frora e.l~ven 11Latee--Georgia, Virgill~ TCDDOCe, Florida, ' ·e.nt ion "'·hen thto Left Wing Manifetto and Pro- fU1ode. bland, Mai.ne, Kentucky. An.am.u, Min,. p.:=.m, M·hK:.h embodied their principle. on the aot.a, Michigan and Mua.achuaena, p.-. the foJ. quef;tion at iMuc:, wu defected. lowing reeulta: Totttther .,.·ith the teVc:nleen delegates wl10 had , John Reed, 7,679; Lout. C. Fr•ina. 7,017; A. ~ Jcprivc:d of ~~eall h)· the: Kif!:h l Wing Crc:de.n- 1 V.' apnocht, S,o\23; C. Ruthenbe<s. 4,52.3; I. E. ti11l,. Committe: the. hoking dele{:'alee formed a ferf!:u ~n . 2.538. ThtwJC, tb'i candidate~ l'tlOe~ con\·tnliou in a laall belo"''· This convention waa the bighe.at \ute, IU'e all Left Wi.ng candidatea. 11le immtod iattl~· joined by twelve more delegates from of the H.i@:ht Wing ~veci theae "Yot.ca: Lch \\'ing lou la, "'·ho reported that u they were mudr:rato \' irtur Berger, 1,1 39; Adoluh Gn-m.er, 908; Sey· under imtruction~ from their loc..tle not to bolt mour Stedman, 789; James Oneal, 778; A. I. Shipthey were unable to take part in the. new eonvc.n· lacol!, 663; Al!'"'on V., 505; John M. Work, 457. tion. but that the~· rd u.5ed lo participate in the In theee e.leven &tales, K•tc Rtchard.s O'Hare C'on,·e.ntion dominated by the Ri@:hl.J ~nd were rt-luming hon~. The)' further reporteJ tb.at they hu overwhelmingly bearen Manis Hillquit for In· ""ere in cOmplete J)'lllpathy "'' ith the L:Ct and would te.mational Secrcury. Incomplete reporta from request their loca l11o to join the Left Wing fodeu- other lltalt::" indicate. that the l..dt \\'in,! hu eoct•rtd a auh! ta.ntial majority in all· alate organization&. tion then being formed. It ia Slated that the number of delegates appear· Thia U. the election that the moderatea on the N. £.. ing at the conn~ntion did not conatitute the full C. art: lrying to ateal. Io the Oiauict 1 e.lectioc. for National Execu.-renp-t.h of the Left V.:inf!:. a11 m8Ily Jcx.:ale were forced (o vote by proxy. owintt to bemg\unable. to, ah•e Commiuec, returns from Ma.ine. Rhode J.land mec1 the trnel infi! expen~. Locah tucl'h,u ~c-.at· and Maf.uchuecltf. give the.e resulu: LoW. C. tie. which are Leh WinF. '"-'eTC forced h> accept the. Fraina.. 3,130; Nicholu I. Hourwic.h, 2,544; E. p r oxy ~ven them b~· the Soc:retal')·. Most. of the: Li~dgren, 1,4i2; Ludwig Lore, 940; Mor~i.& HiiJ. quu, 638; Jameo Oneal, 688; A. I. Shtploc:off, ··~tern ltX·al5 had to vote by pros.y and m each caw the vote "''all thrown lo the Ri~l Wing a1· 319. though m an~· o( the.e western loc..tls are definitely k::no-.n to be LclL STAT£ OF "'EW JERSEY The S«ond Jrwi11h Branch of New York, • ·hich /1/aJional £ucutive Com.miuft ha~ IJC"en ie-oqamud by the RiPtt Wing, tent five deleJ!Hte!l, '"hile ele\·en other membcn of the r.ame J. Rutherberg ------- ~ --.:.------~-'-- 1,1 99 vote. 2. Harwood --- - ----- ---- -- --··-----1 ,120 vote. branch "'·ere pr~nl and \'Otin(!: ~ proxies, though vola it " 'a! formed onlv a few days before the conven- 3. Pre''f!')' lnluno.lion.al De.k&t»u. tinn. and the rul~ ~ate that no hranch cao .end I. Roed -------------------------- 1.396 •oloo m o r~ than one delt.f:!ate, if it bu been organu.ed 2 fraina votea le.:-!> than three monttu.. ·------------------------1.058 PACL. . Organizer, Local Queens. -------------------------l.ll:{ o~[ hundre-d and thirt~·-six Jele,ates auenJed d.e openinJ! oi the Je"" ic,h Ft"drnuion Com·ention " ·hich H•ol. )•lace in Bo!>ton on Junr ). The Hi ~ht V. inF J!OI into action as ~oon a5 the pra<·erdinss OJlC'ned. It elected it.!' o"·n credentials committee '"·hich procr.t'drd to admit all Ri~ht U1 inFen, pau upon the \'alitlih· o ( thoo,c holdinF pre(xies and depr i,·e ,.,.\'eJJt~n Left ~ inJ! deleFales of' ,.eat!> on \'a· rio u ~ flam~)· Pretext~. About filty~hrer Left \l'ing delel!ato auccee.ded in ht-inf!: J~Uted. Th,. l..dt V. iny Con,·ention organized the Je-.·i.h 1..~11 Win~ S«t ion and elected a temporary eer:re· tun · and -t<'mpnrun .f.secuti,·e Committee of nine. It i,. planned to hoid another convention a.hortly to organi.u on a !'t"rm:nent :asis. • The Left Win~ . u 11hown in J.W1ial ~lection r~ tum!-. h a~ ' "'·ept the Socialist Party. f.arly ret.WUJ indicate a cornplete ' 'ir:torr for revolutionary So- Why Political Democracy f~ust Go the JlrOCCliN:S of "po litica l democrac~" became. leae and I~ able to O\erthr.o ""· their a h~olute hege· mom-in other -. ord!', tl1e center of Gm·t-rnment ha.o. finally shifted complete! ~· from the Capitol and the \\ hite Hpuse to '\\'all t trec:t. This became clear dur ing the Great War. ~h next and hut article of this aeries ,.·ill point out ~orne " 'a\'11 hv ""hich tl1r AmeriC'..an capitalist cl•!! prea~erve. and 11trengthen~ ita power. (To ~ conclud~d. ) (Con.linULd frqm pa1e 4) the A~rica n people lo the pot~ition of debtor' for hal( a century. . Another Wll\' b,, " ·ldch the Con~t itutto n - frAmeu profited. Ahliou~ pledged to Mrri!:C:)' in tlu: Con· vent ion. thn u~d tlu~ ir k.no"" led~Ze of the proceed· in~ to 1p«~late in land anti f!:O' 'ernment &«urities and cunene~·. hefOre knowled~e -.u nutde public. An anal o~· "·ilh the present situation regarding the Peace Treaty with Germany, • ·hicb h.u ~t into the hand!< of the peat financial interests befo!'e it hat reached the •H:ople. will readi l)' 5U~g~t itMif ... The Com.titution &O de,· i~ ha! been the frame· work of the American Go'·emment. and has con· ti!tentlv th'"·arted the. will of the majorht of the ~pie · enr ,.ince it wu adopted, es.cept in cut!'li of an o,·~r~·hdming majority. r atrick Henry , upon r~dinf!: the. document, es.claimed, " hit, sir, • most fearful 5ituation when Lhe most conte.mpti.hle 01inority can flre\·enl the alteration of the moll op· pres..ive go,·ernm~nt ; for it nay, in many retipecla, prove. to be tuch." Vr o l~~r Burgesa protesla ap:ainst the ayatem for amending the Constitution. and in doing 110, un· wiuinf!:ly criticizes the entire. document : "\\'hen in a democratic political aociety, the •ell-matured. lon(f. and del~rateJy.fonned will of the undoubted rrutjority can be penislently and sue· ces..,fuiJv th ...·arted, in the amendment of the Or· @anic J8w, by the will of the minority, there i.'l jwt u n1uc-:h dan@t.r to the States from revolution and violence u there ia from the eaprK:c of the m:1jor· ity." So mueh for the. foundation• of the American republic ; .a much for "the mon advanced political dcmoc::racv in the world." However, there hne been time. when the snat capitalisu in cOntrol of the Government, deJibentely violated the Consti· tution. when it auited their inlerats; for eu.mple.. jull after the Ch·il W.~r. wh..n the Republic.an:a in Congre.u forbade th£ Supreme. Court top... upon some. or their RICOIU!truction l.alation, .o" pain of bein« dUsolved. Toward the workitt[l<IUI. how· ever the Supreme Court hu become mort~ and more the ob.aruc:lin instfwnent of capital~ cl.... intereat. and the Cunatiiutioa an ever paler weapon &«•inat the worlr.en ; evea to the point wbe.re it hu upheld ~e conviction of Eugme Y. Debt. From time to time the Conatitulion hu hem a~ded, and its provUioDV1hte:rpreted, .a u to • •ideo and atrengthen the politica.l powen oL I.he people. in Government- in other word., our t;o.,. C'!'Il!Deat hat become more ..democr&Lic," lJut thil il only io r,roporlioo M the p-.1 capi· tali.et.a ltnmgthc the D\iaibl~ (;..o-...-mD~mt. ud u of plankt." in the: Sociall.t Party platform, the fight !x-t""een ahe lwo "'·intts develoJ~ . ending in thirty· c:if:!ht Lch Wing delqateto •bolting from the. con· A Reply to a Farmer !CoNw..d from I"'&' 3) Ju societies where the clu..~ antagonisms bne :r'c:~c=i~d::~ll~n'!::'~·~ 1t~=r~·u~~~ roo:·: own countr)'· This public P'"'·er uf coercion "in· crea!le" in the u.me ratio in which flus aiJtagonia:na become 'more pronounced, and in •bich neighbor· in, ttales become. lar~r and more populous". The United St•tes offers a aplenJid example. of the truth of this. ln the Jut lwo decade5, clus Hnes io America have become acutely pronounced. In the u.me period the public power of coercion haa in· cre.ued i.n dirt'd prorortion to •he ~harpening claaa rlh·i11ions. 1he European claN .t.nl@fllet and warJ of conquest have al!-0 nur~ the public. po~er ~f coercion to a ·tremendout IUC:. 0 m&IDtam this power the citil.mt p• y, taxes. and the State conuacta debts, loana. and make& drafta on the future. En~l~~ hu clearly ahown· that "'the State ia a product of irreconcilable data contradic:tiona and confticta. But b."rins arite:D among theee confl.icta, r i ~~~:x~~h~-===================- ~~ ::: ltU~rn.a.t ion.al S«reJ.~Jry K.ate Richards O'Hart: _______________ 86S votea Morri11 Hillquit ------- - - - ··· ----- -- 34-~ \'otee ..That the l"'ational Es.ccutive Committee arran@:'C for an emergency Con..,ention to be helsf u IOQ.n u can be arr•n~ : YES ·- ---- -----------------------------1:1.69 No ------------------ ----- ------------- 87 il is u II" rule the lltate of the most po•e.rlul eco· nomic du!'i that by force of it! economic tmprem· acy becomes also t.he: ruling political clu!! and thu! acquirn ne-. means of eubd.uing and aploil ing the oppreo-!Oed mauea. The antique Stale. waa, therefort:. the Stale of the slave. ownen for the pur· pow: of holding the. alavee i.n check.. The feudal Sta:e ""'as the organ of the nobility for the oppre.s· aion ol the H"rh and dependenl farme:n.. The mod· em repreeentative State iJ the tool of the oapitalilt exploiten of "'' a@'e labor." ln a democracy the capitalist ciU6 ner ta iu power indirectly but with more certaint)'. Thw in America. tluough its wea lth, the bour~oi?ie conupu oL:iala, form gov· emment and &tock etthange alliancea, anrl ha~ a more sure hold on the agencies by o4Ul1S c:.f which the "'' ill of the m~ it balled. Upeci.ally in a republic. lor eumple America. ..what ill good for tl1e ruling clus iJ allef!:nl to he good for the whole. of Jociety with • ·hich the rulint~: clua identi6es it· ~~e.Jr'. Thu11 ""·e. tee that the Americ.a.D Socialiat movement must be particularly on @'U&rd q;dinst the numerow mara and dclwioru of bourgeoi.e demcx:rocy. IT•k......_,l LEFT PROPAGANDA MEETING Undtr the au1picr" of ht A. D. Sociodiat Party, a,_,. <:-ty Thia Friday ne., J....., 13, 8 p_ Mat ,_...., LE'JTISH HALL m wuu. A•~ •.ar taN se.. •~ BENJAMIN CITLOW 15UEL AliTER LEFT WING PICNIC ~. r Aapot :utlo, 1111, at EADMONN Ma•A.LPINE LOtTI5 BAUM. a....- Admiooiooo F-t. AI £ASTERN BOULEVARD PAJllt Eaat.. &o.-..n ...t F - Sclooylor Roool w.lcMot., a.- N-YOrientat Daocet by Mi11 Katayama and Troupe. Other attractions to be aUDOunced later. A Red Picnic-A Great Time-For a Red CauS~e . Men, \Voroen and Children of the Wor king Oan. Come and enjoy yourselve!! . . Picnic at:arts 10 A M . ArTaat. . ~ u.. Wh Wiaa .._._... •' ......_ ............. Ia ..._ _ . . a t pM LeftWing Mass Meeting SUNDAY, JUNE U, at I P. MAt Maahattaa L y 66 E. old> s..- Admi&aiaG Frw i I~ �The Ne" York C.,mmunbt Violence or Sollclarity? S NEARI~G h.u written a pamphlet with the curiout title, " \'iolmce or Solidarity?" or .. Will Gum Settle It ?'' Thit pamphlet ill a 1pecial plea aga in111 the UM of violence in the Socio l Hevolutiun, h om the pcint of vM-w of an enreme pacifiat non-reai.atanL Tht- "imt:tution of the dear love of comradee" mut t ~ huih • ·ith lo\'e, rorn;ade;hip, and the "iaatrumentalit l ~ o f 6ocia l orFana.uii'>n." f orce and violenc-e. an ording to Com rade ~t'atin@. e&n MTtt bnn~ the Sucial ist Common"·eah.h . To illurtrlll~ the len~:du to ~-h irh Comrade N,...ar. in~ got." !, "' ~ mu~t quote the IS~DK of hi1 arsu· mrnt applied to l11t' prnt'nl re,·o luti onar~· pt!riod. ···n.e Hunfa rian G.J, e rnmenl hat ~n changed tbe.e ~:l:n:"~o;:,hc!JJ~ ~~~ ~~v1i~e_Heb~L~l;11 ~omf::nsa? a COTT B~- ur,nnlz.at1un. nu~ o ld wn..ld i; deaJ: the new .,o rld i! being bC"~. Without '\' iolt ..ce the Froct:M U complett:d. • "In ~rmnn,· . on th~ olh~r hand. fr om th~ time th t~l t.h~ revolution occurred until tod"Y· they have l .t~ n flFhtmg back and forth through the &lroet.s, the Spana.cam auemptiuM to t"'t.abli~h a Soviet Gov· ~rnm~ nt by tl1e hayoud.. \\ hen they · &ucceed it ..,.111 Lt: in ttpite of the1r tact~. not becaUAe of the:n. " Tht: HuM·ian He,·o lution wu &urro unded by a • ·all of bay.:mets ..1 Rte!>! ·Liton.k.. The \O•orkeu, unarmed. found themw:lvts ftace to face v•ith the most Jlowerful mil itaq· nutt·hine that n.i!>ted in Uu: wur ld at that I ime. .o\j' parently tl1~)· • ·ere at the mt rn of m 1litarism. but thty beran at home to e!-tab li ~ h an cconomic La ~ i f fo r cornndeship. Tht ~ f'I \'C the ·Jand to tl1e pe.L'&IIL" and the fou: tori~ t o the • orJ..en. \\he n the faclb became k.no•n. the ~r man military ._.• ~ po,.·crle». and ln the end the ~r ruan Rco'\·o lution a,. ...,..l!"""ed the lnfamo ua ad of tht imperia listA at Br~t·Lito,·al. "The fl UH·iam .._·on their p<~in l tl1rouFh eco nomic ju~tire at home. p r opn~anda and open d iplomacy. !\at their arm)' but their r hilo!tapby and their c:l· ample •pread revolution ovCT l:urope. "The RuFsiaru m ay fail in their grf-at expe}i. men! o f l a ~· i ng the ~anom ie bafifi fa r the irutitu· r ion o f the dear lo'\·e of comrades. H thC\' fail ill thi!- the Red Arm~· ...,·ill help them ! !!il. lf they tro'ill the Rrd Arm~· •·ill stand in the way of the thing that they '"'·ish to accomplish .•••" Thi~ is a unique in~rpretation of the European Re,·o lution~ pccia ll y the Huntarian RC\·o lution. The ide.:~ of Bela Kun as an a r)()§tle or ..rn·olutioo by Jo,·e'' ~ ~~ ~~oliFhtl~· ~ot~uc. How 'IOI' U the H'.lD· ~ari a n So\·id rd up ? Simplr by meam of a vague ..o rganiz.ation''? 1'\o. The Hun,:arlan bour@:Miaie abd ~cated in favor of the vrold..ariat, ror several '\'ery @'oo d rea~n s ; flr! t, . they ...... that the peace· terms of the All ied and M~iated Power! 'IOI' ould de.<~U oy tkm uttt rly, and Hungary '"'·ith themafter al l. proletarian rule 'IOI'Ould enlist the people to pr~·e the nationa l 'IOI·e.altb, which might later be restored to it.!l original o wn~s; ~and. capitaliam w ~ incapable of makintz 'IOI' ar, or peace, or <If reron!tru rlin ~ war·f;hatterrd Bociety=-and Hungar· ian capitali ~~om .didn't want to assume responsibility f or the io'-1; third. 1\.aro lyi a:Jd c then ..w the in· e.·iUI.bility u; the Social Catacl)'Bm, and perhapa real i.z.ed that there wu only o ne way to prevent the confounding of all in o ne all-v~·erwbelming ruin-only. Ollc COnJtl'Ur.tift rorcc: in the world, the prolet.ariaL But bef.ore &uch le.ona could be driven home, ho• · much violence bad hce!! d one, how many heruic proletarian! had lo1t ·t.h.eir live& on the bar· rica do to prove their unaltenhle will ! Ho,.,· bad great Ru.!lsia r ocke-d on htt foundatioru ! . And wu it accompli,hed peacerully aft~ a.ll? .AA we write .rhe Tchdr.ho-Sio'\'al;& and the Ruman· ianA 11re atti"Cking Soviet Hungaf')· with arms for· ni!>het.l by the rnlrnu· Powtra. Capitalism ia at· ~,! ~~ ~~ i~~:ot!~3~R::::~~o~~o~~oH!r. gry. that noillmU.I abode of broth.rly lo... hu ~biliicd the revo lutionary worker. to defend the Soc:ialiat Fatheri...L Vl hat wuuld Scott N~iag ban Scrriet Hurl!.,. do? S imp ly go· out to meet the enemy with c olive branch in o ne han~-~ a pacifitt pamphlet in the other ? Th~ dest. or Sovtet HUDpry and of Sov ~tll Ruuia I:I)6AR& that printi.nfl; pteaec:e will be &maahlx!, the te.chers of ..ideu" pul to death ; it mean• that a geue:ral !'GaiNCie of tbe wnrkn--pacifiau. u well u militana.-will iD· undate the Rnolutioo in wan:. of blood, a. in Fin· --ron land. 1f iliue had been no Red Army in Ruaaia. there wo uld now be no Ruuia.n Retolutioo to lta.Dd u a ~; ~0:.:~ ·n;!~~:;:~k=·i~ ~~~~,e ~:=er:J iL'tlt'lf. h iJ; LT\Ie that the Wle4J of the RU..i.a.n RrYO- ~~t~:,~rd_!'n~~~~e!,~ ~ ~~: := siAn llno lutia o ~aiDI'I the world. &t in Bu.ia i~ were put into life by en umed iMllf· rcction, and they arc now ~ defended by a d people in orma. But let tb eu.mine what it the real · i.-e behind the Social Re,·o lutioo. Comrade ~ ear-in« teertl! to think that the reuoo for re,·olutioo iA en· tire!~· a mora l one. He implies that the reaa.oo lhe working clau wi!-~e& to tale over the power, and o11gh' t~ take o ,·er the p<.~wu, ia becaw.e 1uch an.-; tio n i!- right. The infe-rence from hiA &rl'Jma:l~ i. that all o nt h&.!l to do in order to per1uadr the nat nujority of the people tl1at Soeiali!-m U. ~ it to employ \be weapons of peat:eful. argum.eot u.d propa,anda. ~1,· ripht, tl1e po int ir. that the S ociall51 Common- But the q uestio n is not whether Soc:i•liml it mar· a lth ia the only pouiLit way to uve civilization and recomtruct human AOCieh·. And, .,.·hile 6.-e or !oiX centurieo of r,eaceful ar~ment. unhampered b~· the cap ita/i!,t po ltical&tute, mi@.ht conceinbly con· vint:e a majtJrity of the "'Ork in~ peoJl)e to ~ t,o. Fether in a ~cueral !trike • ccompanied b~· p~!-ive roistance, 1uch tactic!> are L lopian no•·, • ·hen the Social Re,·o lu ~ion la upon ua. And if Comrade Noori1111 ia opooood to llal.-4f .,. 1hinlu that "" will be to .uo..ea ,r.....a .._ Soci•l RrTolution by Brotherly Lo~ be ill .-. t.ak.to.. end what's JD;)f'C, be &. DO RmoiUtioury S. ei&.ldt. "Viol..,.. or Solidarity"? Solidarily u ....,_, and i.o md·with the blockJ!i.ot, police claho, .... .,.. chioo J!UDL The er:onomk founclatioo for "lhe ~ ., the dear love of comradee" ia DO\ to he WOD W~ blood and lean. Pa.rifi•m dini"'DD the workiac cl..., and exp.,... it 1<> the moo1 foarflll daDpw.. There ia no place for pacifiota in lbe Social R.o. lutioa. [!he Telescope WHEI'i ordering you,r . copy of Tlot I SociGlu., !>o toure and ~ what you uk for. Don' be pal The ca~ p i tsl ist clltM iL' not goin~ to be CCIII\·iuoed off '"'·ith ....omrthifle jutrt u good:. l..ook your copy' of its moral duty to a Lo li!ili iwlf, oo maHer bow over well bt'fore gi~iog M y mooey. lnaiat OD. pt~ ~til l a majurit)' of the "·orkerh deride that this ia ling • ·hat you uk for. · NoDe pu.iDe wilhoal U. r i~ht. The genera l ~>trike is in ibell an act of violeure. and 'provokes Yiolence io return, which m~ label. be r~i,.ted b)· 1hc F-trong hand ofJProletarian d.ictaIt appean from 1M laat i.uue of Tlte ~ ton·hip. Capitalism i... ruo;h i"'t: t u "' ~ud it!' d()(\m "''ilh t rrmendo u~ "llerd. and th..· cruh .,.·ill not thai the &luff1it bu been putting out is too n" eTa • ·a it u1wn the ,.,.,n·,.aLJ,. education ~ ' • L .. v· 'tk.ins , fo r the memben or the Right Wing. and eo the edl.class. ['\·en in its tieath thrUM, capital i!'m lJ not ton of the otbdal organ of 1'he Pud Terror" .are· tcoing t r> allo w the "'·orktr,. to take hold of the attempting to lead Jle~ re:.den to bel"'"' that they Nlau.,,·ed machinery of c h·iiWtion • ·ithout a .h.t· are not fe!lponsihle fOr '101-hat they writ~ b'\· the 'l'l'av. which 'IOI'e could h.ue- told tbtm loot ap. tie. 1iiC' · ·hofe fro.ot p~!!e or the lut tMUe il deorotal Comrade · I\'earin~ a fftrf. the ori~ir.al opinion to · ·hat purports to 1',; 8D up..e or a ......" .r.JiiD. that tilt reason • h tl•c f.crnl.ftn Cnmmunisll' ( a:lnl ber- ar. if uch ilUUe Wd DOt a rake. . 10 rot:i7.e the £0 \'erninrnt, wr.A becau!oe thf'~· attempted We ·~~F..' thai the ao-collod "lab~ so.:;.u, on Armed in,.urrection : and that ir' thr'\· do " uccuJ · it .,..ill be in spile of thtir uee ttf ro'rre. At the wu a n attempt or the Rii-ht W~e:= to , . • · " llMir Mmf' time he 1'1urs over tht feel that the Runi.aD ho tro· much iD the way of "'NUll.!'!! ~J~he'\·iki sccompl i..!lbed their e.eir.ue of the po._ follo•·en would at&Dd for. by force of arms. In Germany the Spart.ci~r-­ ln p wert' not a~ainst the government u 1uch.. buJ again!-! the capitalist clus, • ·hich. thro~ f:be treachery of the Majo rity Social IJemocrata, bad been includr-d in the go,·rmment,-in epite of itJ \l'e wiah to apolosiR for our D1iltake .t.t ... Jonlt and bJ ,, od~· h itlory of repr~ion and imptt· n:ntu.red the opinion that Oneal would be elecleli iali~;tir t>Iploita tion. There i1 no ,.,·ay to meet the a & an International Clel~te. . We ban: 11!111 l8c.l \'iolence of tht capit litt clu~ except with violmoe.. or the ft:tW1D since. • And it the Sc~ridemann Socia:Uts who" per· formed the role of eJ:ecutionere of the workers ia ' Jud@in@. from the I"C'tUnll eo fa:r made I'Qblic tl the interests of the G.erman bolir~i\ie. In the AlilultWku.,.Uadtr, Victor Berrer'a pa pCr, • ·nuld appear! that when the Natiooal £zecariw a n editori.al ace~ the Lefr \\'in@: of wanting .. vio- CollU"fti"ee wu piciUng men .to repr"MCDl tlae P.ny in· Europe. it 'IOI'at verv euooeedul in p~ tbole lence"--<lf upiring to "b l ood ~· UJ•ri ~ ing•." The appearance of Comrade 1'\earing'• pamphlet at this in wl.om th• m<mbenitip had lout eooliclomce. t ime, • ·hen the Social ~ mo"ement U tiplit into two Louit Waldrnari indignlllltlJ denies tha be ... faction.. ._that of Scht-idemann Socicli!-lD and that ~ He ..,.. of Re'\·olutionar\' Sociali&m-hae the ....me effect of pr~ted " 'ith a bouq uet of saddlin~ the Le£t Wing with the an&n:hi11tic tactics the bouqud wu oompoaed ~ camlrtioaa mel U they wert originally red in color, only they b4d t.. or the Bla<"k Intcruational. We rea.ent the implication that we lllaod ror Ti~ come tliP,tly withered owiO« to the hell proct..x.d . •·u {ink by the vigor of the applauao. lenfe bet-a1•M" it is violence; and that we are A!am. "'\Oiidarity". The Lcf1 Wing adYoatee the llrcrll8 1md cloee o r@'cmit.atinn of the worldnlf c lua in order ~t<i""'••~: pnr erN~< that ~ that it may a&~~ume the State po.,er for the "'·orkins 4 clft..!l.!., and th:at it mn defend the Soci•l RrTolutioa i• boutins thai he made the motioo 1<> ..pomd 1M forei!"<" frO!" the So-.i.alill Paty. from the brt~tal •!olmce of the capitalista. Y..bo. The Communist Book Department f TM Comnuu ut ub all membcn of tb£ Left Win@ to order litcnture t.b.roasb oar ..., Book DepanmenL From time 10 we ahall publiah boob aDd pampht... of~ 1>0 reYolutJona.ry Socialiata. ~ _. "-iia. · · . ' By N. t.iia Pric:e, 5 oonla. Bw1<llea, 10 1<> 100, 3~­ Loa of """"thaD lOO, ~ - A New Lethlr to tbe W-J<_.. - ...__ el tloo Price, 1Q ~ ...u. •••• -1 B,. ,N. '-Ia. Badlea, .;~- T- Da:ro n.t Sho.>ll tloo W..W. •••• · . ' John Reed'• S1ory cif the Bolaloorik R..olutioo. Autopaph f.ditiooo, SpoeU.I Price to Comndoo who ocde. tbn>"i~ 'I'D CoiOIUI<Uf 9ock ~· •I•Pr.,_-: A Y- J ~ Did•-.w.. •·••• ' Go"""""'"" il<pon of the Rwai"" Soria OD ·all Aetiriri• aDd. ~ o/, the "'olewi.an lkpublio from No....,bor ith, 1917, 1<> t~eoefobor, 191~. Abool 600 pap. Pape ooftr. · . ... . ()f;cjaJ qn--. • \ . Price II. Special a- for co~&.cuu 10 lknj01ni.n Cillo., Btui.n.eu AIOAOier To N. · Weat 29th l>u-. l'iow Yad; OIJ S.lwl aU ~· CoMM\DIUIT, ' 48 �$5,000 For The National Executive Committe~ of the Socialiat Party bu.decided to exterminate the revolutionary element. in the party by expell.iq them. '- It ia followin11 the bour~reoio tactica of Local New York, th'-committee that amao bed the Party locally by expellins 22 hranchea. The State Executive Committee of New York hao appointed a commit(ee of three(!) with full power to expell any local that becomeo Bolohevik and adoph the Left Win11 Pro::J;am ) .."'cala Queena, Rocbeoter, Buffalo, Utica and Kin11• are ab.,ut to be c:.r;!led. Bronx io to be re-or~ranized. Th~ Party ia goin& left. The r~volution againat reaction baa auumed gigantic proportiona. The mem· benhip ia determined in ita aupport of wtcompromiaine revolutibOary principlea. Morria Hillquit want. the declu cleared. He a•ka for a aplit in the Party. He rej>udiatea the Third lnternr.tional Beaten by the memberabip the old leadera of the National Executive. Committee diore~rard the Party ref.. erenduma. !\ declare• the votea of the rank and 6.le Yoid. The N. E. C. repudiate• the Third International, the International of the Bolahevilri, after the Party membera by an overwhelmin11 majority have voted to affiliate and participate. Repudiate theae b.:U~l, diaruptin and .:.nprincipled tactic&. Rally now to the aupport of Socialiom in AmeriCL I Help the Left Win11 carry on iu 6~rlit for reYolutionary principl.._ The Left Win11 carriea on the 6~rht for th~ rank and 6.le. 1 for~ip federationa of the Party that ban It carrieo on the 6ght for the 4G:o membera of f the aenn been expelled becauae they were FOREIGNERS and BOLSHEVIKS. THE LEFT WING PUBLISHES The New York Communist the paper that in America ennunciatea the communiat principlea and whole beartedly aupporta the BolaheTiki of Ruuia and the Spartal of Gei"'D&&Iy. · · The Left Win11 i(bein~r attacked nbw on all aide• by the reactionariea in the party, by the New York Call. by the capitaliat preaa and by the Goni'DIDtlllt. MONEY HAS BEEN SPENT AND MORE IS NEEDED. To wipe out our debt, to continue the publicalinn of The New York Communiat and to continue to carry on thia important 6~rht we appeal for $5,800. SHOW THE RIGHTS WHERE OUR MONEY COMES FROM! MAXIMILIAN COHEN, 43 W. 29th St., at once $5.000 for a united party on revolutionary principles-a solid front against capitalism~ victory for the working class. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New York Communist, 1919-06-14 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- Periodicals. Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-06-14 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .N35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-NewYorkCommunist_v01n09_19190614 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-13 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v01n09 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 8 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States New York Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Scuttling the Ship Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. New York Communist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/62d95e43f81a5f71c9a159af4c3f08d6.pdf dcf3574f6ebc2a45167055fe9e87a58a PDF Text Text 75he New· York CO-M MUNIST New York, Saturday, June 7, 1919 Vol I, No.8 Price 5 centa ) Forty Thousand Expelled by ·Seven Tlk /ollo~L!inf. i.J ~ first of lt:Wral arti.d~• dtJaibinK rh~ l'orty cri.Ji.J, ond 11k aw.ocrG:ic GC· tioiU of lh< Rif,h.r Jrin& membt'rJ of W Nalion.ol £ u cuti11• Cornmiltt'r at it• rrunl hi.Jroric mutin« in Cluca! o. It i.J u:riu~n and Luurd lrr Comrodu L. £ . 1\atur/dd anJ Alfred rf'o,;r.nkr~chJ, rMmberJ of til< l\'oJiotUJI E.ucuJille Commi.ttu. on.d LouU Call for a National Conference of the Left Wiril Crall /t~~ o !t~wtwJ Confuuu ol rM Ldt ru., ol a.,. Am~ncon So-c..J.ur POll), i.a.u~~c1 &, Local C. Fraina. ,..,111 V t-quare 10LATJ~G c"ery principle of fair play and denlin[t and PiHC(!::udiutt e'\'Cr)' con· atitutional pro\'i ~ ion to thr contrary, the l'tational ExC"Culi\'t C<ouuuinee, at il! M!.'lrohion in Chica ~ o. Ma~· 2-l lu 30th , expelled the flale organ· iz.at ion uf Lhe Soc iAh ~t Par1y in Mich i@An, con· 11litulin~ nea rl,· 6,l00 mem~n. without a trial; II U ~ J H:Udt.-d tlu• ltu!t:oian. L ithuanian, Poli t~h, l.ctti!lh. • Hungur ian, U .. rn i n ~n aud South Slavic Federa· li on~ of lhr P.u ty, cnnstiiUting mort than 3U,{)(X) n•embt-r~ and-'"'·orst of all, and lt"t it be ~ id to tlu:ir everla.!= l in ~ 5hume-- are autocr alicully h olding up lhe national rde rcndurru for the election of a new !'\utiona l Ex e~; utive Co mm ittee, lntern:.ttional ~l e~nlt'!o, l nternati'lnal Secretary, and UJ•On the que!otion of the Emrrf:,-t:OC)' l'iation11l Conn:ntion. i\:ever befure in the historJ of U1e Socialist Portv haH: Panr ofbcial s darrJ ;:o outra~eou!l~· to violntt l'nrt y princ iple;. A '"'· ilful p oup of 5even mcm· ben• out of n total National f.tCC'uti,•e Comminee mrmbcr ~h i p of fifteen, ten of "'·hom nttended tlte meeting. usurJled vower "'"l1ich the couHitution doe8 not ~trant them, an~ which U1e Socialist Party mem· h~uhip ne,·er intr.uded any M"n·anL~ of tJ1e Party to ha,·e. This "'· ilful p oup of te\·en did nut, h o""'· n ·er. act as liCn·anls of thc Party- but .., dictatore• w1d tyrant• to defeat the e~ prebsed "'·ill of the inem· benllip and to perpetuate tbermelve!l in olf.ce.. TI1i!1 i11 the c1 :s i~. In tl1be frantic efforts of the oiLciHI_ Lureaucrary uf the Sociali!lt Party to tnaintain it!.t!f in p o"'·er, .,..e see lhe finalanempt of bour(Eeoi& refo rmi' ro to cru~ revolutionar)' Socialil"m in the United StatCi. Thia crlai• a..fTecL.. the in· tegrit~· and future of tJ1c Sociali11t Part,·; if our Party ia whole-heartedl Y and unr.qui\•ocalfy to Jlaod Cor a S~"<ialit>m " ·hich ...·ill not compromiee~ which will not fail in tim~ of le!lt, then ever)' Pany mem· her must rehuke thi:~ un~~:rupuloUJ action, and mus~ t.akr a •Land in support of the nearly 40,000 com· radts arhitru.rily depri.,ed of Party membership for their fidelity to the principles or true International ~ ialism. The objects of the autocr•tic acven are as plain u d.sylight. Like a tidal "'' avc, the demand for the tactic! and rrmciples of tlle kind of Sociali•m which 1\and:- true to the "''orking du.a at all times, bu e"'·ept the Party. The thou5&Dda of comrades "'·ho " ·ere 11inccrel)·. l'ttemptinp: to convince Party m~­ bera that a more revolutionary kind of Socialiam """ali l h.C I!'fo>t.ary, were known ae the "Lch Wing". TI1is Left \l:ing in our p.r."ty undeutood clearly that the Scheidcmann brand vf Socia li&m mearu the N.Y. StAt. Left Win1 New "\'ork., Mar !ltt. 1919. ' Drilr CDiftfcult : 'In view of nenat hap~n.iawa iD Loe&1. Sute ud Natinn.11 Panr .Sain, th~ dr1aU. "f wh.ie.b you bne beard b~ tl11• tim~. ·~ bt:Ue-Ye · lh~ lime ia ripe for a .on of ;,.l'ltati•~ 41lal~ or~tW.uion Gf tbe Leh Win~ ia New \"ork State.. The ~ate [I«Utift Coamiuee bu be~u n th~ Mate tact i~ Gn • .Ute aal~ which J.nral ~ew \"Grk bat ~ practiaiaa oa a local ac.ale; thai is; t1M)IJ.anil.atian and crpulaion of Left WillA lot'ala. ln ord~r that we mn counter thia blow il wuuld be ad•iMble for all l..oe&l Secft'Wiel, f\1" onanUrn or f'I'J'f"""ttatj,.. eJecred by Left WJq: I.Ael..la.. to puticipalo ia •ada a coni~ to IMil!C and dnw up • plan of eampajp!l of edPC&t.ioa ud ~,..nit.atina MJ thai -~ may hrp Mr membe:raJUp mlact .nd rap1un the Pany O'I'...,U..t.iao wbanap.aible.. t.'b~rr thai '- impo.ible.. due ·tG tbe ...tu.,:e of o&<-rr-bolde:ra, we IUJ haft! tG take Me.,. to · build up Leh ~·inJ Ofluiutiou withia tlae Party, All thia or CGW"MI • aubjecl to tbe &etioe lalu::a IT,· Lbe N•tiuaal Le(t Yr'D1 Cuafeft:ace on Jwae 21._ t.be ee.: :.:' :-~~~::.ll ..:a ~o:,·,ti. .-e~t~e~=~W v:'£'~t5T' A"CtN~w':' • :tf ~'\:!o~ ~= c!!,.~:Jt~or': .oiiMIOoe iA T~ ' ~:;~"ic~ Li:~llu~~~~,':: l,~~:'/.0::// !::Jl&MCJLj; rour JOG will to • .u~.e c:.onla-uot of Wt ._/:h:.a....n,, ~Q...WI o'cloU, J ... Cotwt. ..... ... :c:..~ ....,, ,__ !ucuun of rh.t SocWUr POJt'f oJ Nftll Yor• Cup, f Mcu.un.,J.um Cofwt~, Suutarr). The iOiernataonal aitualion and tbt: cri•M iD the A m~rinn Sociah•t f 1ar1 y; ·,b~ ...botace lhe pany b·u~au('faC'r h•• ~rart il«'d ou 1hr cmu ~tenrr na1iooal ca,n•rmwr : 1h~ I'. E. C. ali~w1 our par.}· -;: n h the • U"""•ai·J>JUu.H• a1 lknaf', wnb 1bc Cont:reu of l.be Lrco~t lklra)'al ; the oc'"n.artt' uf rn::uo•tnlrtint: our pol1q 1n h '('ord wrl h rcvolut:onary "~nta,-•11 tb&a, and w urr. m.d ..Cifl i1 o~c-cuary that \be t~ olut..iuo.&ry f~~rcc:a 1n lhe !wcialut )' art) 1e1 tu~tctber for c:o\LDIC.l and aeu un.. ' Thi1 call ;. therefore: iNutd. for the: .bold.in1 of a National Lt.onfntncc of th~ L.ch \\'lq •I the Amr.ri· c:an Suci&Lal Pan,, to dlacuaa : 1.- T~ CTU/1 in tbr part~, acd action thereon ; the S::?.'J::U.o f th r pan, for 1be pl.l1f, for rnolut..ionary 2.- The !l'~w lnrem•tional ; .,,,... ud mt..~.U tG prn~nl th~ paM)" ali,:nllllf ictelf •itb the "'ln1cma· t1unal" · of 1b~ .oc i~l ·p•t uota, of lhc l::.bcrt-Sc.htida.. :Cllnn ltlllPh:n.. and 1lrc wuuin1 ccnlrr- ; a.!lliatioo wnh tLr &laht"ik·5pa.rt.ac.an Coauawliat latf'I'"U• liona.l aloae. an~-~~,;..:":f~li~:ti~~l ~~;~~~~n~p~ of th,. Americ.an SucuJitt P.ny. • ' - Fumaillf, ~me aon of a nt~iotW eowaeil or Luruu uf tloe Lth \\inA for propqanda, aecwiDc of infnnoa..tion and 1prbdi=lc lnfurm.ation.. S.- To e•prua and draw totteth~r \be rnolutiODUJ fon::n in th~ party; IG c:on•idcr otba mearw of fur. 1benna the e&IUC of re•olut.IOOU)' Socil.liam. Thit caU ia iNure! to loca.b of the Suciallil Part}, branc.hN and Left 9l ina poup. w:tbin 1he p&ftJ. I ~~ \~t th~ ~1:ni;,:,~ :ro,t:io~:,·w: !; .hecu~ cl&.lill Party uf Grater N~ \'ark. Uh Win,: locala are ia,.ilrd to wnd dclet:Ll• of· 6eially. \\ben • local o&c.Wir rd'uaea 10 paniei· ~ :~~in~':h~;riD~ipk!o~r'.te'LdivJin,lh.iu,~d".e~d d«:Jepte.. . , l'fti"J mem· No local or poup ahould aend mo~ lhu folD' dd r,.lm. ~. or cnrnoritJ ~upa wilh J- thaa !.lXJ member. u~ nithlrd to one delqace. Rcpre.entation-De dd~ale fH ~n. 500 Ju~e21~j:N:.cr Y:~ ~y bel-!chdet::~~~~Jfti!; tutd 12S for • ceatral fund. out of wbieb wiU bo P-id 1M upea..- of all dele&•tee. /..A/t In,.. LocoU •Nl Brottehu, ae~ .' SrM co"'· rwrw:i.et.i.oru to Ma.simiU.tt Colte~~o 4J IFut 19tA St lt'a. ) ·orlr CUy. • • · , .. berrayal and defeal oC the workinR du&, and that only tLe Sodoliun of Lithknocht and Lenin hod " ·ithin it lhe potentialitiet. o( &UOCel!l and victory, Jt we to ..rescue" the par1y from thi. Left Wing facllon.• lo clean out oi it all "'·ho stood bravely ~~.~~~:.r~::::~,.:ic:!:,!ft~:ermd~:S!:'~~ 000 rncmhcra out o( the P&J:lY. ,. ' ' . Through ea~aee held ~ut.side or reJUIU a. ttoru., the followmg method! of •""iiob were •dopted by the aulocnt..ic Seven. • . . ). Not yet .knowinf how the reCcrebdum for the J"lection or a new N~ttion11 Eaecutive Committee would result, they decided to revolie the charter or the Socialist Party of Atichi@:an. ~•ins that the memben in Mk hitran would vote ovt.~"'·helm.in~ly a,ain.t memben or the WiJrul 5eTe:o runnins for ~loction in the Mic:!Ugan ru.trieL 2. A f<W cloy> loter. h.omg found out th.t de•pite the expul.ion or Micbj~an the radical eandi· datet~ (Of" election lo the f';ational ld:ecvtive Com· "auld ..U. out. the,Wilful docided to bold ap the eati..re MtiODaJ refereodum upoa tbe eJectiaa. 3. b ..,.thor Clacat the Wilfal S... to the eoac:l ..ioo· that after oil. tho co.W.. N.ti~ Coavcmlion would •peak ita miad ~ th.o ••· toc:ratic a.cu. ADd wot~:d eruloree Wt Wills Social;,.. And then:fore tbo IUipmoiOD of 40,000 · ben iD .e~m foreip fada.ralioa. 'wu decided upo~ theoo oeveo foderlliODOO h.owi.q oupported rodical Soeial.iam iD the P:..>y. · 4. feoli.q tb.tt '*pile 1be. .,..pco;.,,. tbo Loft 'Wing migbt otill fu>C! itaeU Ia tho -i..str at tho Notio...J CoDYentio_...iD fact. ....C..U.C du.t • woulcl-<bey the~ ID fonD 1 ~ tbo t~>~jorltr eli-on of "bid! .,.. Soc:..U. ol the ..- ....P u tho WiUul S...; ud ioo .... Mnd• of IA<M Jirecum ;, "' b. ,.loe.d ..W prOf'<tiJ of U.. Soei41Ul Party. iAd..diolg ..W Madf!uorttfl builJin« upon ttiUc.A 110.000 "- ' - . poi.d. T,'fcu Ji.reao,. c:4UliiDI bre rtcalled by &M .Party numbt-t11 CGIU\01 ~ r~mqved by &lt.t N~ l:.'ucu.liw ComtniU.u, eM orJy uue ~ ~;,.,.. tou if U..ir Loa.U Uf'<l ..,...,. from meml>rnflil' ;. U..Pony. · \lt'hm we ............,. thot moat of the WiUtal· Snen, u candicJ.ate~~ for re-election to the N.Ooaal Executi\·e Committee and to the o6ce of Iatcna•ionol O.lqral<», lu>ew themool.,;, defeated ud renl iled t..hat the ol.cial ma.c:hiDerf of the pany W. ahout to f.'""' inlo the hand. of the Ld"t WiD& tDe re\•o lutionary elemm.i. the.c effort. to relaiD c.trol l>oc:omc doubly '*pieoble; for thea they are clearl)· "ho'-'h lo he braun attempla Lli"'defy tM will of <he Porty m<mbenhip. But the. do~rate tact.ic:a mu.t oot he co~ aJonf' U I frantic effort or defeated o5ciaJi to ,.. tai9 their jo"'. Th.i.J ia pan and pan:el of tbe OODu o,·en)· upon print'ipler-. and Mc:t.ic:e i.D tl.e Soci.Ui:-,t Party.· It it tbe •truule between the ~ Win~ and the Left Vi'in@:. between moderate pdtj hou:l!_~is SocialWn aod nvolution.ary prol..n.p Soc1ah.&m. , . • The "'moderatet" on the NatioGal E1ecatite C..0.. m..itlte •ho"'' no reafiuliOD or the problema' of tbl lnteniational Revolution. They do aot aee the DeeCl ·of rcconr.truotin~ tht Party policy in accord "Willi ~J.r eJliH'!rience- Rained by our comrade. iD Earope.. ~· at any r~te~ do Dot act tOward WI t!DCL The ~rbU i• .erioua.. 1t aS'ec:u the fata:re·al §o.. cialiam and the proletariat in America.. We an confident lhat.,rrvolutioaary Socialiaa will ca. quu the Paity. It wiU pnvail '*pile tbo ~ of the Wilful S..m. La no comrode fool d,io. hearten«!. 1'\o oD< member obould quit tho Pony. In foet. ever)' member abould wort with ·mi«bt ud ooam •o , .. D>CD.ben and build. bwlcl. bwld. tWo know the game of the ..mock:rata" 1bey • ..._ ... Left Wing to dooert the Party. 1-i.q tbo Portychioery and property in the banda of tbe aldocr• Titey will be d l..ppoin<ed in tbio. E~ ndicol Socialirt will atick lo the eod. woRms .Upt ad day for the rei.nst.:ltemenl o( tbe oea.rJy 40,000 .... ben the Wilful Sevm b... .......! fn>m .tbo Porty. tio~n•!~t ~r!e~t\:f::Jd£:~~ ~.!:-~ counted o.od 101de publie. luaiot th.t the ozpaloi• of Michison ond the fedentioDa ah.oll nO( p....u. me .. Second tJJe rde1endum motiooa to rnene of the Wilful Snc:a. acts u.ncoaatitatiooal ud _. rageous. Rolly ID the Left WinJ. oomrodeo. for ID <he Left Wing belonp the future of Soeiau-. The alogoo of the "modentea" io-"Splh 1M Porty for moderlle r.e"Y bourfl"'io Socloliom." .,.., t.fOfran or t.ht: Lfft \\ iD!" ;.._.."'*Coaquer aDd w:aite d. l'arty for revolutionary Socialiim., fur lhe iot lntcrnatio..J..... eo.:..... s.- . . ' - -== oi~~J::.-- ........ oll.821--. .. -- -~ ....911. lhaa ... ~akMtedl.f..,..iac_...tel........._. ~=-e~u..r~-.w.•., ....._ .................... li" v-ia• ia ............ dlr.uw .. till s..a. lalPon,el....._ .. ....w.. ... . - . ~c. a. a . .~ - Cia.._ --·· �z The New York CoDUD<miat tah. New York lonpr. The Ulement ciOMS with • decluatioo conccm. ins the neceu it y of J"e::le•ed or@:ani.z&t.ioo and bon of the RiP,t Wins who •rp....,tiJ dooin 110 h..,e ~eit n.mes kepi ~«rft, conrt:r.. him that there 11 to be an Americaniut ion of Soci.alill Party, a~~d thot the Bolobnik el.....,.. .,.. to be and amouldering re1o·olt ' eo~eodued by the re- eliminated. Ofliciol Orpa of the· lAft WID• s..tiae, actionat)' polic:n of th~ rulins clau and iu so•· Tile TrihuO<, tello how i1 1"""'"<1 ot Tho Socialiot Party ernmenL But thif is 1 p:eneral tlllemenl It Je.v1111 p,.,...ple·a House that "'h i. the demand of it lo be infened lhat all the ditcoateatcd e iemenu the P11n y lea ~era and the Ri!hl Win@ u a whole. Ow.-! aod Coatrolled J.r 1.-1 in the cou'ltr ): m ust .be b rou,ht iuto the Party : thM the Amer•can Socialiat monment be IM!II free to W..t• Now Yoril no""·here d ~ 11 ment aon the "-'orking clua u tbe d~'·ebp in. accordance • ·ith American coDd.itioaa. JoaN Ruo . on lr rl au • ·ith wh ich the Socialilt mo\·emcnt it wuh Amencan rea litr and Amttie&n P-fcbolosr." EAnwosN ~IA ... A....rll'll~ • • • Auocilsu Ed~r concerned. Just u "'hen Waling, Dohn. Ruue I, Stokea, Six months • go the N. E. C. • ·auld not have Spargo et ol left the Party they uoocl tho P""ailiuc Mu"unuAH ContN • MoM6et d re~ med of mouthinE auch rc,·olulionuy phrue- psych ology lo Lnclle me ~ople againal the move. Edi<ori<ll 8 olotry. It i! now doing so only bect.u5e the rank ment , to toda y the Right Wing ia attempting to uae N. I. Hotiii...,CR M. Zucu:a and file ~f the Pa.rt ~ is determined upoo winning ~e n ge _worked up by the e.pitaliJt pr~ againlt B. D. WoLF£ J. U'IL~ tlu! .A'!'('f/ can Snc .alu~t monment to revolut ionary tne fore1gn~n to diw:redit the Left Wing. But Soc u1h ~m . Dut no one can ulk the language with · ther are m•srrpreM:nting the American ecction of PubU.hed E..ry eel<. f:\ut ~ea n.i ng it, or at leat.t unde!llland i.ng il. And the P~ y. _AI! through lhr country the Socialite by th1s .Lime the Party memkn h ip kno wa enough ~ort y . u s"!mgt.ng to the Leh, irrel'p«t ive of na· SUBSCRIPTION RATES to distingu ish bftween phra.ea and fKa. t1onah~·· Just a!l Lhe Socialilt Party bu been a I Yeor - ---------- ............ -'3.00 compos11e of all thr. oat iou ,. l i ti e~ io the r.ountry ., ~e Left Wing it comp~d of all the nat ional~;. 6 Months --------------------- 1.50 Deporting the Aliena tn the Part y. The Amerie.na are not behind tbe 3 Moaths ----- ----------------- .75 -IE ~atior.al Excr.uth·r Commiueoe bas ha... others. We _or the Left Wing are not concerued tened to o be~· Hi llquit's call for a •p lit in the " 'ith_the natior.o lity of the membenhip , nor! do..,. Sinsl< CopU., 5 Ctflll Socialist Par1 y by thr a rbitrarr au~n&i on of cons1der thai nation alit y is one of the i..uua now Bundle Orden of 10 or over, 3 ~ Cents a Copy. lf\"tn l...R n~ a,r Federation! , a pprox.imalmg ~me being fou@ht. Americans unden uqd Socialiam u 43 w ..t 29th Sb'eet • • - New York City 30,000 membrr!l, or one-ll• itJ ll1e- c:ut i1c IIICiukr· "'·ell u AP)' other nat ionalit y, and in the n~~hare of shi1' uf the Pttr1)'. Thi a .. cri on U tU en "'"ithour anv thin gs it it Amer ican~ who • ·ill dominate the Sonotice and uu hurin t, l1 u bttn hrld lo decide on d ali!!t mo\·ement in America ; otherwite the future the C..ct1- in the ca~ . The rh irf ...crime" of khich o ~ the_ mo\·ement ~ thi1 country would be Yf:ZJ Phraaea and Facta lh ~ federati o n~ ketr gu1lt' • accordmF to the b, r.d;. mdeed. But m l},e put many Americana who N Frida ~ . Ma' ' 30th. after t'IJ~II i n([ ~oomr fon~·· huld ftOr) em analmE fr om the r\nt1 ona l Office in mi~took Socia li~m to be a return to the ideals of thousanrl memhrr~ fr om th r Socialist Partv Ch1cast•, "' as " an urEan iud .. , ~em at1c att empt to Jeffert-onian democracr wandered int o the Social*. h«.1 ul'tt tht'\' hdit"\ ed in Bot.. he,·i)·m. the !\ ~. ca rr y r,rn•.!m,; re fe reud urns in th~ i ~ teretn o~ th_e P~rt y, a~d natural_!)· the5e "'·ill rema in wi\4 the ti onal ExN.'u thr Co mmill et' k Ound up tl 1e proceeJ - Ldt ~ mg . In ot her "'·ord!l the :'\. E. C. punt~loat ; R1ght Wmg. and w1ll uhimatcl)· swing it into a -{0 • in S" "'·it h a "~<tat e n1rnt on Part~· po l icir!~" issued to · lhe lnnpl ngr Federatiom for agitatinf!: for their lure Liberal, or if they become ra1dical Labor the • ·orld . ....-hkh il' a mh:ture of l i~ and hypocrisy id.:'l:', ju ~ l u!' the capi taliH co urts puni!'h Social iru . Part )"· For the loss of tuch u · these we have no in abo ut equa l pro port ions. Th i1- st..atement con· for p r OJitl~a ti ng their phiJ n50ph~·. regy-eU. Their place is not ~n the Social ist mov~ dr mm tht' Peal" e Trea ty of Par i.!, de.:- lar~ iLos sup· We art' in (o rmed that this act ion wu takrn aher ment and the fl.ooner lhis ia made clear the bctt« port or SL \'irt R u~~ i a and Co mmuni ~! Hun gary, neA r I ~ lk"O dn~-!' had bctn rh·en to th e matter, and for both them and the movement. The American "''orking clue must be the hiCk· protet-1,. a ~ai n~t intf'r\·enti on. ''rt' pud iat ~" the thnt it fdll o"'·f'd the rom ideration of a ' 'ma» ·of IJ.ernr Confrrem·e. and t:! OC!I on ra:·ord v he ing in document ary mRieri al acc umulated in the 1'\ati onal bone of the Sociali!lt Party, and we of the Left are fa,·or of.ind u.ctri a l un ioni!'m im tea d or crc h union- Offit·r ". We carl ima ft ine the bo ....-1 ubout " de:moc· indifferent u to "'·l•ether the member. of that il'm. Fr om th i!' il k ou ld appear th ;l t tl•e :\otional racy" "'·hic-h • ·o•t lcl flO out fr om thi !' u me office i ( ci a~!> are diret'l d~endants of the Piii,D"im fathen Executi,·e Committ ee' had adopted Ldt \\'ing prin· the District Att omr~· ann ounced that after co1ui d· or are the latest immigrants from the out.ide world. cipl e!I--UI•t il onr anal yzel' thr dorument. eri n~ a mM~ of documcnt nry materi al for near I)· Sociali:s m it not • matter of nationality; it ia the.e The !~L:llemrnt he~i n!!i with thr dec larati on that t\OI·o da~·s hr h111d deci ded to indict lhe N. E: C.! \'ery " leaden" ....,-ho encoura~ the di't'ition or the " th e Socia li!-t Part ,· at a ll tizr~ co nsi!l entl v and Surrl ~- there are enou~h " fam ll u1-" la"'·yen on the Part y int o Federation• for their own political coda, uncomprnmi,.i nfd ' ·o pp o~ "'·ar:· Dut "'"e "know i\. E. C_. to know tl~otth is mrth od-"'·here the: pro!.C· • ·ho are no"'· end~\·or ing to d.i~r~ate ~ainlt th at many of our Party ")eadeh.- includ i n~; the So· cut or, JUd~e ant;l JUTY are one anJ 1he u me, •nd thCK ,·cry Federations. The Soc~alm Pany m tbe cia list Con,re!ol: mln , "''ere at timf'! in far,or of the ....,-here tl1e ddendarll i!l not C'\"m appriff"d of the futu re ....,.i_ll_J;te a p~i1y of the workr:n in Ainet~ wa!--"to t.a \'e n.u~!- ia:· for example. fl<'l. th at he il' undrr chArp-~. much less given • and n_o dn·mons . . ,.,11 bt: ne.:eesary , U.Ye perh..p. c " It t.up porl! "'· ho h•heanW I~- the So\·iet Republ ic he:arin,- i!l not in accord even ,.-jtJ, the bourf['f!Oia occu1 onal languRge branch where the non-Ensliab. of Ru Si ia and the rommun i~l E'D\ernmenl of Hun· conception of "j u~tice". h i• claimed ahat Stil!-on speakin@: members will be t•ught Ensliab and tbaa ga r~·. and \"i(:oro u ~ t y prote-t!i- a,:aino,t interventio n, of the Lithuanian Federation, app«"Med and acted turned O\'er to function directly io the moft:IDIISIL COMMUNIST prop-«anda, to pro6t bl, .. the prot~ di.tcontew& · 1 Bwi.Mu U T O :~~·en~~~~~.:iJ'Ds:i~t!~:. :!:: :·;t:::~~i~~)-~ -.b~ ~j~ ~~t"'"~~1e i~J:l;~u!'li~~· :h:~e.:h·~~;1~: United Stairs. and ur-.el s all Bo: she,· i~hl or Com· mun ist.11, ~tipn atizi ng· them .,. ... .anarC'hislb.'' " In GerDJ&n\·, Aul<tria and countr ies !iimilarly .,;lueted, iu •y,;,palh i.. are wi1h th• more od,·anced Soeiali;l ~oup>' I in Americ:.o it u~Is ouch c- · r·group~ fr olm thr Part yt .-"in lhrir effort.~ 10 f orce their ~ot•anmenJJ inlo a m ort' roJical ond immedi· Ok reali.:Ol ion of t ~ Sociali.J: pro~rom . " This is eiLl1er a verbo l trick to decei\·e Lhe Part )' rank and file, or it beers~-, the real incapacity of the Nat ional E1ecuth·e Comm ittee to undentand the •ituation in. GermAny, and the Social Re,·olut ioo in general. The Spartacides and Communists are not making efToru "lo force their govemmrnts" into anything; they are tUiemplin& to Ed control of tla.t sowrn· mt'n.IJ:. ''Jt. realiu:5 the necet-tlity of re-or,ani.Iing the Socialist Jntem3l ional along morr harmonioua and radical linet-. The Sociali&t Pan\· of the Uniled States. U not comm illt'd to the Bern'! Conferrn«, wh ich he 1ho"''ll ibetr retrograde on manr, vital pc"inl!, and tolall y devoir! or rreal ive force. ' But III lO .. il U nol offiliattd wilh 1~ CommunUI Con· «rt'u of AfoJco ~.t·." Certa inly not ! The rank and . 6Je won't ttand for the Berne Conference, to which, oevertheleaa. the !'\. E. C. made a determined at· tempi to ..commit" us. But ~ain, ' the Moacow eo.'~h~on ?,. o'u'don, .. ' ....teomu•."t-ool ' onol.we d betler ".. •it for _,, I "' In the 6eld of domMtic polide," the Socialist Port)' is uuerly opposed to the ractioniJ')' A. F . of L looderobip. In vope tera>a, theN. E. C. ~opoo for "the iaduwioliution of oil DOtionol ODd inter· utionol uniono." Not • word for the tmalr.illed oad the uoorsoaioed. Compl<te. oil- oboill tho L W. W. • "Ceru.in ob- how crept mto ·oomo Locols of the Panv, due to on n.er.ulauioft of the impon· IIIICeJor proc:ticoJ ~Jitico"; hut OD the other hoad, "the politico! oc:th·nioo or Americoa Soeiolism mllll aeither he obmdoned or ....-:uloted." Wholeftr that may mean. \\>"e pretume that . this it au UDqualified <Ddor.......,t of the Port)' Coagraoioaol Plolrorm for 1918, which d... opply to "cenoin Locolo ," but to the ,.·bole Party. Thio io the kind or thin! which hu deotroyed the Soeioli.ot JaO\entent in America ; anc! ;..., AJDOUilt or llatemeull froDI the N. E. C. " oo the one hoad, oo the other lload" wiiJ hlind the ronk ODd file of tbe mo........a. to tbe ..U. of politico! oociol-nf....U.. DJ The Capitaliat Preaa and the portant qur:!tion the te\'m FederAtions would Party Criaia at;rec to onl~· one reprC!"enlatin, and particularly a repre5enl nti ve of one or the oumericall y 10\l.ller th . r .)_ groupo, lo otate their r.. poctive CA><O. e eopll• ul papen """ ""'~ • IJ"I'Il The \.hole matter otan.U reveoled .. 0 ohamel.., deal of •poco to the fiP,t in the Soeioli.ot Port)'. For instance, lu t Sunday the Np; York TribW pieu of bureaul" rat ic h if!h ·handedne!la and . in view had a two-column atory beaded, drolly enouP. ~ of the way in "'·hich the \'ole for the nt"k' Executive ci alisl Pany Seeb to Purp: lt.ell of Reds". Cnmmitlee ia fi"' i n~ng to tbe Left, an elevmth· hour attempt of tl!e ola committee to perpetuate One of the p-ie\<anoes of the RiPt W~l'ft .itM'If in office. If the rank and file of the Socialilt against the Left WiDg is that we a.re allepd to hue Pany coudon~ ihi! act ion, then w~ can congralu· "carried the Party 6gbt ouuide the Puty", ad late thr te\'CD fede:ration~t or. being removed from confided our wronp to the pD«al p..blic. the conJam.ination of a Party which ia disgracing During the past few weeb oar editorial olce md the nan'le of Sooial i11m, and is attempting to drag headquarten have berea. be.i~ by repone:n !rem the ft"lo\·ement down to the level of the w'Jnt element the great proflitute newapapen, be.eecbiftt: us to in Aineric•n m.chine politics. ..give thero a atory" oo the Party situation. Thit In iUelf the: .ction of the N. £. C. it enough for· we hne repeiledl y\ refuted to do, becauee we COD· ec.er, to condemn ita perpetrat or&, and the weak aider il none of the public's buaiDeN what pet OD. ch auvinism of t} e excuaa ·1 b f d f th internally in the Party. HoweTer;, when we refaae action mert'h' adds to the 1 o&~ 1 se,0 ~i:" h:_r ~ to comment 011 Party dain, the nporten iDTaria· charFtd" sa):, TM Call, '"that the Party bu beea hl y say, ._.Well, I IUPJK* we'll }Wye to 10 ~ to ~.elpleas and defen~leu in this compaip of mD- the Rand School and Bet it from GerbM- nr 1Ae. repreienlatinn ou·i~~& to 1M inobi.lily of Enili.1J., from the ltorie. in the papen, thil U trricllmly •J~nlrinl m~mbt'rl 10 read 1~ VGriow ltuapDie what the reponen hawe done. TM Thbu.e atory publication.~ an.d reply". Thu:~ the Party bu heeD above referred to sivee the RiFt Wins arpBBIII helpln~ becaute the Enslish:r:!in£ memben did in detail. iDclading all the ridiculous aa.d pro._. not k.now it waa being attack Utd erefore could ~::.~h'::~!~d::~ 0~~!~ ~~ not repl y. The foreis:n ·tpealc.in, members,'" aup· ue ·ineopoble of jud«i•s locto for th ......J... thot it "npocto the Revolutioo tomom>w." It CODand ue completrly at the mercy or ..corrupt foreip taina, moreoYer, w pod deal of intimae IOI'iP wrilen" hoco...., fonooth "" EDslioh~ll which is mdOIIIIJ hems wlriopond - . _ "Jood. · eomrode otepped forword a~~d ... them filht. Poor, en" whea thor - . For aomple, the· il!"oront foroisnen, no wo!ldor the Noti0110J Socar· thot the "port)' I - - . f.,. tllot the ltalla F.-.. ity Leosue deopisa yoa l . tioa ""'Y ""'"to he apolled, •It lo ~ 110 Whoa tho Americoa c.m.-t hopll .co cJe. ohow oipo of 'l.eft·wizisi-'." port oliea optoton Tlo< CoU pat • little pietare of Tho .....,. to whklt TJ. r;u,... 1o 1o1 doe - ' · the Stotue of Uhort.J OD the fr- pop-t1111c1a u ......., of the Risht Wills aoy be Jtott.d (,.. .. Mr. H..,... puto little AIIIOricau Bop iD hio popor-. followm, puqnph : · ODd ~All to ooh oboat " democncy"; but D - tbol "Tho apoUed fonip ( - - . _....... .. tho Nllioaol Eucutift CoiDIDi- decideo to de- ouch lootlon a Morrio Blllqglt. Jullta Corbor, AJ. pon tho fo,.isaa:o from the Soeioliol P<uty, Tlw . lfi"IOil Lee, c-1!" Goebof ODd At!f!j ..c.-• 1pat ~ tb1J Call teYUIJ ita true MD~ &a it• beadliDe o._ ..... _ t ~~Da . ...... . the IIOI')'. · "N. E. C. Swpeuclo Delioat Groupo of ~ A-. Fo"'il!" Bom," it obri.U, the fa ..... • 'Vr'hot IDIIJ he soocl iD R.U..., .. _,.bed th... l!l'oupo ...., alieu, a~~d implyias tlw foreip iD tho Uaitod Stoua.' thor UJ. 'ADd ,.. .-doe hom ~toul" wiiJ . oaly he toleroted if they ore not ottempt of poople wha an ipwoat of. Am.U ..... de6ant. Tbil ia euctly the Natiooal Securily her problema to dielate to .. bow ... M.al\ ... oar Leogue ideo-fo"'ii!D<" coa oaly nmoin bon 10 party'." lona u thor on oahmiool,., · ADd ., 1M ~ ~c--.. Mo- , . 1-..lowo Ia lbe capltoliol F- J.r pelled -a1 lonip Part,, ALL 'f: h-:a • ...." m-ms t-.......o (,.. .. I' ..=: �The New York Comm....Ut J. Strike ·A.gainst the Bosses! · By Carl Brodtky The Ri@bl Wine; ia C01'11inually pratin(l: about Democracy. Let u• eumine the rn::cot actioru of the Part)· ofbc &aldom in the light o£ itt own pro· feued principle.. Suppo.c a group of Coinrad~ in the Sori11list P~tr1)" da:1ded to draw up a Maniluto and Pro· p;ram enduning the T\on·l'artiliMI l..ea@Ue, and demanded a referendum ur..on it. Suppo)C Jle !\'e"· )'ork Sttle Executh·e Corr.mil· tee decided that the.e Cornradc:s "·en violating the c.on!<litut1on of the Socialist Part)' in offering this Manif~to and Pro11'am ; and this Committee de· cidrJ to 'te\·oke 1he charteu of a ll Locala "'·hich had permiued Dranchel' in tl1eir territory to endone the Manifesto, and al1o to CIJ)el any membt-r aligning hitm(Jf with Jhe group r~pon\ible for the docu· m~:nt ' · Suppoie the Comminee then d«idt'd to .. ubmit it!> action to a referendum o f th,. [,\TIHE \IEMDEHSH IP. You "''ould u.en \ 'O(t" u )'OU believed, for th~~ intere~~b of the Party; and when lhe re. fiuh haJ , been announced you "''ouid ajlrt'f'!, .,.·hate\·er your opini,m on the que8tion, that it bad lieeb l i '!!llcd hone11tl\·. Or 11uppot-e ~ne or two Loca l!I had ~ndon:d thil M onif~~~ot o. and, fet-linF rhut l ht)' \oould like to in· tr:re!>l the enrire memknhip, had maile(' <'opies of i: all on:r the rouul r~, and arouo.ed er.ouf!h wontiment to h:•,·e tlte qu~tio n di~oeu~ -.ed at n Partv Connntion . .f \\'ould ~ uu 110 1 a~rcx- thAt the ProJ.er th1nE £Qt Part\ ntcrnhen to do " ould lie to elect and itl~ tru'cr )hrir del t;fttl~ to this Con\'cntion? \\'ou ld you not ft"f!l that hif!h·han<lt·d methods had Leen u~-ed if the Polrt~ ofltcia l.. -f'xpdl~d some COf!l· udes hcfore th~,. hud it ch anc~ to t-end their dele· ~ares to tJ,~ Com:ention '! The world hat. l~n throuJ!h f,,.e yean of the most te-rrible hlood~hr-d. n.e lnteroallonal Socilllist mo,·ement in aiJ part' of tl1e "'·orld ha!! been ef· fected In· the " ·ar. Jn aome countrie.:- the Sociali!lt partieJI ~·enl O\'Cr com:rl~td y io the imperial istic voup!i, le11den l.etra)'e the mau~; in other co•.m· tries rt.:\'Oiutior., tool placc~leaden atood true to the principle.; of re,·olutionary Socialism. finalh· the "'·ar came to an ~nd. We in. America, a11 a pan of the lnttmitional mo··cmtnt, alao dcclded tl1at our Party lad beeu effected by the wari that certain leaden and ol· cials had not Jllood the test in acco:da.nce y,·ilh oW' principles. EVERYOi\E ap-eed that a chan@e in policies and tactics wu aeeeaury. / rer- 0 0 are -=· 'The Party and the l;lerne Conference Eadm~DD By the lut i11ue of TM Socia/W Comnde J•me, Oneal contributes an article under the above 0 • .he IN "·ith a memMn:~ip of more than 30,000--and .lhil. aay5 Tla Trib · rt ( 1 f ..Ame · . iution"~ un~. 11 pa 0 1 pan or rJeaD· ..The Ri~ht ";in~... r.ayt The Tribunr, with the . ume tone n£ authorit)·, ''charp that the Left Wingen really believe in ,·iolmce, but do not have the coura!e to come out anJ uy ao in the o~n." lo the New York Tinu1 o( Saturday lui there ia another story headed, "Socialiau Here Aim ·to Purge Party," wbich contaio.8 an inttte~ti.Dg little inten;ew with Alderm.&D Lee, and another with an unnamed "'promioeot SocialiR leader". Alclermu . Lee 81'1\'ely informs the bourpoi.& joumalilla that "'the question• involved are not queetiooa of Social· i.t principle, but que~tioru of y,·bethcr the party or@aniution aha II be maintained along democratic lines, with Lhe majority rulin@ and the minority abiding by the maiority rule." The Alclermu ;. evid~tly afraid that il will be. A. for the anonymOua ..leader"'. be i.Dt.imatea that the Left WiD@ ie "'i.ndul«ing in looee tallr. about things they do uot undentand." He eada u fol· Iowa: ..Bulin my opinion no oM who amounb to anything in our Party eovncila il in. !nor of 'd.i· """ oction', iavolrins· the immediate oeisure aad utionalization of indua.""'"' •nd other forcible meuureo .of a mroluticmary clwacter." The lateot example ;. an imerriew with Juliu G..rber in .T~ Tribun• of Tueodav, Juae 3d. iD · which he oay. that the Left Wins c:aD "join tbe Sal· 't8tioa Anny." He eeatinua.. iD a truly pro~· tive ..ln, "We doa't wam them iD our Party. A. ru at we are coocemed, they are out o£ the Pan,... and they will ,..y out. The Left Wiapo are DOW call ins Man...., tbe Boltberilt ~ here, a 'cou.oter·revolutiollill', bee.- be to ally himoelf with them. which olio- that they uo DOl Bolobniki but oimply troubl•makuL" The ,_loci biau that !!>. Left Win& ;.. OUIIide the law, gi..., by Loe and Gerbo. to tbe capitaliat p,_; the uploitation of Comrade Manor.o. iD tho coluiDDI of Tile Tr~ "l!aiaot tho Left Winsaro on a par with lbe employmeat of tho polioe by " ' - Ri&ht Wini!"I'O asaiaat Socialiot Party ben. Scbeidemann lKticl, pure and aimple. Aod lhc upiu.IUC preu, whirb only a few 'weeki ago waa calling theae aame R.igbl Winsen "'Gama.a opi,." rad "llol•heviki", io DOW praioillj; them wandly, o:>d condemniaa tho Left WinBo Socialiota ""' bowa liy lbe OOIIIpaiiY !hoy . _ A p-oup of Comnde. iuued a Manife.to a.ad Thio io all that .Joe Laft Wins b.u -........ Program. endorr.ing the Ru•t.ian Bolsheviki, the Aad the .,..wer of tbe Parl)o o6cialo io: Cert!'!!' Sp.nt:~cana, and otht'r Left \\'iug elemenu BEFORE the balloto oo the n:fen:adam apel). ,, the lnternat i'onal mo\'cment, aod funhermure ins Left Win! Branchea had been diatributod, Lalating that in their opinion tht: tactics of thoc .el• drecb of Co.....ad.. were ezpellod or niuaed hal· mcnb •hawed the way for the final emancipatioo loto of ~e proletariat. of all ~ c:ountrim. They WJ· .,. For the moment the i11ue hu .rutted froia. • .U.. .. equiVoc~ll)· rf!pud.lat.e-d the other element. of the pie quntioo o( oppotinK principles, to the ~Jntemat.onnl Soc•alu.a rjlo\'ement, and demanded of Pany control and b015iam. Wbelber J'Ga apw thst the Amt-rican Socialist Party adopt the polic:ie. wi.th-c.he Leh Win@ Manife.to or Dot, you will ..-. and tartic!i of the re,·olutionary European group.. ta~nly r~t tl1ea.e wholc:ule expulaiona. the Boe , After a fe-w v.·eck.s of agitation "''ithin the Party D1ctatonh1p of the Pany. It il up to YOU, COM· tl1rr auccecdcd in intere!iting a fe• bundred Com· RADES, to make clear to tbe Party ' - - ODd af. rades in their Manifesto; and these Com'radee, .be· fic1al1 that no auch action will be tolerated. All r lie\'ing it for the best ifltereiL'I of the Party that the Corura<t,a ol.ould vote 'on thi.o ~011 and abeGJd entire membeuhip all 'over the country •hould bt: C&!'~ thtir ballot.e Cor delesat.ea to P,JIIlioial infurmed of their belieh do3Cided to or@ani.u in £mersency Co~ventioD, at which \be Left WU., order to co·ordinate the y,·ork and l)'llematiu: the Manifeflo will be di~tuued and tho qiMIIlioo • · propasauda, and to that e:-td elected coinmittees and &led one W&)' or another- but not Ldore tbe ruk e corre!>ponding .ecrelolry. and 61e bu bo.n hoard. The !'\ew York State Comnface decided to reCO~RADES! A oca1 it the moot cootemptihla ,.bJ.:e the charter of l'lny l..oc~tl endonin~ this Mani· cr~luac: "u "r;th· CoD~Ciou.lr or UDCODaCiOuly, (esto 3JIJ Progum. or permiuin@ it.s Brarw:hes and tryiDc 10' member! !~ c=~o rfi.C il. The Commiuee: on it. own ~:r ~~~tnlt the. wOJ'ken who "t'bpunLibility, d«ided that thiti Manifesto w. .. Forty thou..nd Comradeo ha"' beoa lochd o.t "•narchistic''. n.c Committee d«ided IO •ubmit the que:-tion IO a ref~rcndum of tJ1e cnJirc ttll:m• of the Social is• l'o'1y, becaute they clwDpioaed the bt:rlhip-Lut herore the ballots were di..tributtd rt:\'olutionG.r}' "'·orldng elau. 1na National Eucahundred11 of Comrndes v.·ere deprh·td of their th·e Comr:-.ill.t hiJ upelled the Mithi@AD Sute 01'· (1:811iution. the Ruuian FederatioDJ, and m&DJ Encmcrnbrr~t. i r>-wholc Loc::tl& beintt espelled bodily fr om the PartY and denied anv red.re!!i. Thetoe are liilh 8rar.·he1-. A) I Comradet •ho aup~n the tion the Party ol6cialdom ,are. SCABBING ON the fact~. H~, the Statt Co,;.mittec acted accord· THE of RA."\K AND fiLE. • . in@- to "democratic'' pril,cipler-? Demand from )'Our Branch re.olutioras ~ For tl1e wake ·of ar@:Ument. let us tuppor.e that the inE' this tction. Do:1't IC.ah on a.s! . I>emand that ~ft \\'ins Maniresto-in the "·ords o r a Rip.t \\'in,:er-i!i ''rJi!act ionary, an11rchiuic and t :topian"'. the- \'ole on all referendwm an.d .XI~Ilei be made Dou't ~·ou think that "'·ith a Cree, open diKUJo! ion public~ Demand a rcinst.at.ement of all apelled and a FAIR VOTE, you are c4paLir or dccidio@ Pmy mmtbert at ooce. or BQ out OD lllriU ~ ~he Pany .olkialdom uatil th.il action il reacUMWI U,eque.aion? ' 1£ vou do Dl)t ltand with ut now, you."'paft 1M Do you..."·•nt your th i n~ing done for you by the Pany officialt ? ,Don't you -.·anl to vol.l! for dc:le· • ·ay lor your ,own upuhioo at aome (IJblre tiiaa. • trate!t to tht Emergency National Connntion? when yo'J diffei with the Party leaden. You :1re eiiher ror a Party uoder the d.datonhlp Wouldn't you feel .t your ri~ht to be aLie to di•· cus! th i1 matter in yOur- Branch? And woUldn't of the uok and file, or a Party tioder tbe dicoat«· · you brand •~ C')WARDLY any ~uppreNion of opia· ol.ip of the Party " - . \OHERE DO YOU STAND! ion in the Party by the Party oi.cialt? heading. in "''hi~h he allempU to justify the N.. E. C"e actionJ "'' ith re~~:ard to the Bcme Coa· fereoce,. In the ·courae of )1ii defenae he cites a com·erution "fith me in TM Col/ oBicc wme few dayfi btforc he ~~ailed. I wu atthat·timc A»ociate Editor of TI~.C R~olutWRDry' A,t. whieb had eontinuoush· attacked the N. E. C'a attitude and act.iooa from the moment that hody •ppointed lhree meu to anend the Lauaao.ne Coofcreoce (_, it wu thea' called). · A. (n u Jam aware theN. E. C. bas MVer pub. licly. repudiated ita initial action, and it is COlD· mon knbwledp that Lee m.ade vi,orou.t eifona to obtain a paupon. and that only the Kt.ion of the AIMrican Govenunent prevented the Party'• beins repreoentcd 11 ll«De. In T~ R..ol"'i<l11417 A&• 11 wu augtested that at le.ut the Pany could MDd delesiltes for ito.forrntJlion, in the ume way that the halian Soci•list Pany Kilt npruentaliv~ to the lnterallied Socia)Ut Corlferenee iD London dW'iDS the war; 11 at that time we bad no informalioa about the Con£erence whateTer, e:scept Jh1t it wu oficially caltod by a sroup which had bdrayod Socialism. The ...temeat by Comrade Oueal it the 6.nl iatimatioa we ba.. had that lbe Nali..,.) ~ Co!IUDittO. vot~ to repudiate uy iDt<raatioi.al ;, which the Bollh<;lll .iad Spartac:ideo wen: aot ;... cludedi aad u far u 11a c.aa ucert.aia it il tbe finl .U. the Party......benhip hod hoard of ""Y 0 MacAlpiDe ]( Comnde ODW le(t a lltatemtDt wilb &__,. r.t.cDo1111ld, "by don not &he Party ~ know "·hat ia in that lllltement? Evea DOW we liN in ignoriiK'e of What po.itiou•tbe Pany. lau be. committed to with rq:ard to tbe Europeu IIIOft>o menl. TM. CoU aod the Natiobal Oh. both Uw the chanaela of publicity at their coiDIILADf[ ndt Oneal ia ooe of TM Coll'• ecli1orial ~ yet TM Call hu nenr repudiated Bene 10 far • we Are aware. Comr•de Oneal'• •orill aboat .. EW'opean b ip are merely the ltoriel UIJ' nctal oew11paper correspoodeut would wrilei tber P.. no hiot of hil 61ieial ..W.io11. No o6cial nport hu been receiYCCI from Comrade o-1, lllil;t. · through the prM~, or duoqb tbe ~ar ..._.. meec.iDp of tbe' Party. . ' Even after Comude Ooeera article ill flttr S.. ciolu1, we ""' otill ia the darlt. A. for • 0. .... and file i. aware the Natioal Esa:atift ~ bu not repudiated iu fint ld.iOA,. which WM 1D .,. cepl Huyan:aanD~' iqritation ud u~,. ~ del~a&ee to the Berne Ccmf..-; IHII' priv.te in(ormatiOD oa tbe l&lb~ ~ t:;be U.. I apoke l<" Corunde ODeal the lk..me a thins of the put, 11Dd DOithor be ... ..,,_. aloo could adi!Dd ~ · medinp. lt il quite tna .e ooeW ha.., @OIMI'tO IIIIDd, bat al ll>al- lbe s-.1 lnteraati....l w thoroqhly cliacrodltooL The wllole 'J'MIIiioa of, wiUdo 1 - . . - t il.. Party ahould joiD b.u Olritatad lbe I• .ame moa:.t*. 'The Left "RiDe ba bpt ap •..., tiauoua ~iom ftf the' Nati....l ~C.. , mJttee•• anitucle em dlil, IDittlr, IIDil lldl 1... ...,.....,t-wbiclo DOIII.iD8-..... II• ~ bowa of ila dotialoa ID clO. ........ Loft W~ a«natod for. · Tbe Natl.al .~ Siotowy npliod to an anicle ) .- I a flw ._, ~ Ap ..,.;dod, "Wo .... a Nat;.al ~- c....;..d011." Hlo nply WM . . . . . . . tl.e.. ·oo-·two· moatba qo, ud..,.. ............ any ._alutioa repucliatiallbe.Saooecl ~ U .c-ade Oaoal io oorrecdy iD!.W...S ..... . the N. E. ·.C'a actioa. wby wu It _ , . f• . . Conll"llllraDch or Local lloatOo to ialtiate dwn ..D," •b.ic:h rud. u follow: .,.., Mi S.. t:W&Iill Party M.U JIIGI1ieipau 01&11 U. ~ / -~ c~, or COIII/UeltOI o.u.l ... C--"' I'MfT o . . . . ea.. aan.·r _, r...r.-..,. aDCh deciaioo. IIIith rqanl to Coauade o-J'a riloi! to E;,.. he • -in:ly miolakea about 'our coa..,..tioa. I did nprwa my belief iD Comr,odo Oueal'a penona1 iDt.e,Jrity, and atalod that I coPOidm>d that be por· .....lly would be a aatW'aeto,.Y delopte If be were properly doctod. I funher ,,..ted that I holirrod he wouod poobably be elocted oa ·a ref-.!but that I wu morallr _..u, that Loe would ....d the. pat of. a cbanoe; and th1 the oaly clo:IOf!""'" tho -w.r.hip would cboow would be inotruo:tod to have Dothias to do with the llenoo G.ng of Social·traitora. In tddition I told him tJw no mau.a what h.U imtructiona were. Llie raak J file of the P•ny-would believe he ... aoios to lhe Second lotentationa~ and that tho· N. E. C. bad al.>lutaly ao rjpt to -.1 a del..... to ElUOpo (BoWinW) .,.J ... c:-..iol UMI wd.bout the ol tho -"nllip. c.._,. rs~r, ...,.A ,..,;.;,..... ,... -!'! w..-. ... ., �•• Why Political Democracy Must Go By Joba Reecl T Vl te. prnved 1hat Socia fUm bad become .cell· ,l £ foundati on of the Sociali.t Parry of .Am£so. matizt"d. Born of P opulis m, Crecn backUm. and Trade Lnionif-m , it -.·a jj ~aftt"d on to a Soci alist tnd.itiun "'·bov. r<>Ofl important ancator lu:d been the tear b inp of r erdinand Lata lie, imported into lL is co unl rv &honh· aher lh<" Ch·il U'ar. It wu don;.; nated h)' th t pr.eui l i n~American belief that the Lall ot rontro llcd Ute Statt, 11.nd that lhe State could br conq uered for the "''orking dan by the balloL AI tht L.r~tinnin g il " " M,i ll rr,·oluti onary-Uut ia IO W )", ic aimed at tht capture of p olitical power. uatt ia nd out of Coolf'ML Deh:., -.-.·. .. .:J ~~; ~=h~:,~ra.s;.~~= ~~drr!:n.thJe,;:Mcoo= ALrah.m Lncolo--to ktTp out of [ wopeao troublea. . . - nw i8 the I"CMMQ •br - dnnud ~ lc-Pa]at.ioa dopri,.ina anr citiua or ~f)XI ra t.iun of all rro6u frvm We ..Je of Yl.l IUp plin for t!le Ameriua an.c:rnmr.at. -~hn7 Hcpublica.. &Dd Dn.ocnt.a belin-ed ud .ud th~~':"Soci.J·~ ~ -Soc,c.Ji..m iJ DOC Boltbf!"'"Um. co1Jn'1i•c o'I"'Drn.b ip of the tM IDNDI o1 ;:i.l~ r:c!d~:odu~ :~n.:::=~:w!:!tab!:l~m~ ~~ ~~~~~t;~~~ea ;~~;-~;o;:Je~:~~:!•;/'l!:b:r~ ~·uh•m. alre&d }' ~ro •-n powerful. lru.lead of try ln1 to cr. ate a r i\·a l la bor organU111tion, it realized that thia WM impM!o ib le, and k't ouc to capture for Sociali!m lbe or~anlulton alre~d)· exillting. In all resp«:l!, therefore, the Soci. lill P~ wu appuent ly eq~.oipJ.W to enter the political struggle wiUt the capi t ali~<t ci&.Wl for power. And th is it prooeedl""d to do Mt once, • ·ith ru ults • ·h i.ch justified ita bci ief l11 :t.l at la!"t Lhe cotuLination had been disc:overcd hy .-h ich Soda li ~m could be made altracti ve lo Amtrican workmen. The fint n a ~ iona l, c.o.mp.ai, - that of 1~ tahulated 87,B l-i \'OI~ !or the Sociali~1 Party. "'ho ""'lb \'er:~· popul ar - ·itlt the ,_·orkcra b& c.au ~ (If h i~~o acti\ tlies in lhe American Railway lioi on, rru~de a foe: rl tS of 1-JJ«I.acu la.r camp ai gns for the )'re.cidt:nq, r ul min:~linF in 1912 - ·ich 'he roun· lry· • ·idr tour of tht " Jt,.d SJH:Cial." ,_-11en the Pany r ollrd Up almo~ a million ,·ot~. And this last c-.amp aiFn \o\ :U. rarnt'd on in the face u ( RooY" \'ch'a dramatic cr u:ooade !or " ...oci:d ju ~ t ice ,' ' • ·herein the Pr c.p~i,·e P aM~· h:n.l inco rporated maity of the plan~~ fr om tJ1e Sociai L~ 'piaU or~ ' At the t.amc timt th e Soc ia! !su in various parts of the cuuntry: electtd toHera! mtmben of S tate LegUltttarca, c:icv aldernien aud adminhtratin officia iL The most 'u r ikmg n ampl" of Soc ia l ~ politica l tucre;f wu in the Ci t'' •o£ ~l il •·o ukce . - ·here Bcr· ll~r w tu l' l«t•d Aldtrm3 n~ at -LarJ!C. and final!~· Emil St'idel " ' 1\b cll'{'tcd ;\1 n~·or , " ·ith a lar~e proportion u ( t.ht' Ci ty Co uocil compokd of Socia lists. For • time, indeed, Mil"·:~uker • ·a.s loolr;ed up to by Amer ican Socia lists L 'i a thining example ol "'hit Socia list political act i~:-: co uld do-j ust o:u, !:.;:((Ire the war , Germanv dominated tHe International b& ca~ or i~ po.:erful party organization and iu million s o! votc:e. · The real c:t:Mrp:en~ of Socia lism upon the .._rena of the politic11 l ft{l:hl, ho• ·C'\·cr, did not occur until 19 10, when \ iclor ~rf!tr \o\' 1.!1 clecled Mtmber of the Hnu!oC o r H rpre!C11( fl li\· ~ for the Fifth Wit<OD• • in Oi~lrict , and £or the fm1t ti me a rtpre5entath·e of tht PaMy of tht' • ·urk inp:-clas.s took hi" ~~tat in L'-le Con~eM of the Uniced tatca. the highe5t laW· mak in! Wy. Be !.At for ••·o t c~; and then , ahcr a laptoe of J•·o yean , Mc~·er London o£ New York aucceeded him aJI Repr~ntative, to be fol· lowed &.@•in in 19 18 by the re~lcction of Berger. . II ia '!nt neccs._'-D r)' hrre to I!O into the record of Victor Ber~ter L"i fi n: c ~np~sinnal Representat ive or the working cia!'! Part)'· Hi!o fir!!l .ct W&! to eut his l"Ote for a ~u b!tiiUte to the d irect electi on of Senator~ HOi maiden speech contained not one oriill!lc rdcrence either to the Socia list International or to the interest or the - ·orkinfl:-c lus as •uch; it wu a purely reformi st criticism of the capit.ali.R Mate. The mo!t J:~li ent fea ture of his tenure nf olioc waa the introductior. of mild LIOCial reform It«ialation, wh k h his· Old Age Pension bill ia char· actcristic. for r.umple. the pension was to accrue only ahcr the workrr'1 aixtieth ye.r-and it ia a well-known fact that the a,.era,-e life of an Ame:ri· ~n industrial worker is fort y yean. h was to~ denied to anyone ron,·irted of a "fclony"---ncn tuch a " felon y.. as that of which Victor Ber!f:r DOW -.ncb c:onvieted by the capitalist courts. It wu to be denied to anyone, no matte-r how old. who had u iDc:ome of tiJ: dollan per waek. And finall y, all .. unnanarali.led alirnt", which compo.e the -.ut =-r·pridod ... ~. ;. j..;,•...:... ~.-:·.~aa . - . !"'!'::·.:~ R::~U: .:'d O:Z LA;; :e '!::,''bc,~ . . ...· aa:~e- ~fiUDWlilu ., ~ produor ud coa.~ iD com· ·Soti.lli.t.m., howl"'"n'. •-~ to t-ootrol only productiYe upu&l-aot .U propr:-t ,J,. A Suc.Jalitt commo'lwt>altb will waat to b~~ ~:r-/::1:1, ·~~ i~~,.l;:Ji::;:_:.opu:~i':oci~' 0!:;!: ...._,. earital. · "t ~~mJDUAiMa daU. ~da.al owncnJUp \(,aU ~ ..llw ~lah~ i•a daa.rnu ta~r pvlia.mcnliJT action. They p~frr dtnoct an_10o Uld l.br dm a1 or•hip of the prolet.ri.at. The &l.ht"'t~• •ant to Lreak entirely with the put •nd •tar1 anrw. The ~ i,~J,.., cl o not bel1n-e tluit a com· pl~{r :r:-:,r;.ttJe i~:.:-:~i;,i~~;-~,:I~Plc. the in" ita· ble outn me Lt utl ~ tt 1 th 1 L.. • ce~IIH'tl"t,l )' of thr M~r ~'m,.:.r:il'P:..du~~:CI~ !J'd7.:ib0u~ ~~~~·_s!:~.~nn fur the nation u a wbol--...od that;. '"The mu.. o"" th•t th• SocWi.u will take-mut c:lOMJ, rtturu·ct •·bh 1hr pre.tnt •'•tern and M'oi "" fr oiD it. "'Titr Sut-ialim bel1r-Ye th.at f'TCI')lh in.-: that t. oecma.ary fo_r t,he lilf' of the n•t ion-for Jbt- •nJo~mrnt of e•erybod y • 1 !·~::":~~~~:a~'~r1:;' 1;: :~-~::a~ 1 j0 ~·;r;,ea~~.m:~dlld·,.;~'· ~P: m~n: of th.e ltttf"-the ~all' i• tr own and manarc. . . . . [ •t'T'Jo th•nr th.l t iJ DN'taaary lor the lift aod d"eJopmen!. 01 the Clt~ -c..ht cit~ i. 10 own and m•n&«e. , .. . ~-~~~J7:~~1.!i~u~ ~c10"'0'!!;1 dau:~ :::.;;nTh'! p_lr nly of 11:111upr-. ld1 lor the initiali'f'e of l.bt iadi· •iJual." Thi& i§ nol11inF hut State Capitnlism in its most ~omf,l~e form._ ~1r. Hf'AI!'il will ch«rfull~- endorae JL ." Jt there lJ not a word to indicate that the pro.lnanat mu1t control the Stale, an.i that it mu st, u Man: po inl!' out, break do"·n the capi talist State apparatu,o and re-build 1ne•· the entire mach inery o_f go,·~rnmmt and o f prod ur1i on. There ia very hulr diffcnnce between th i!" ideal and the industr ial orflanUation of imperial 6ennany before the . war . Meyer London'• carcc;: in Congre:u beftan !ittle ~t~r. l.n a apecch Lluppbning the lone!- bill ghing cthz~mhtp to the P on o Ricans, London threatened that if ConpeM de-pied the ball ot to theM! people it would be placinp: in their hands " the bomb of the fC'\'oluti oni't and the 'u~!i n ' @ knife." lmrn&diacel)· the Houtc "''.u in an upr.Jar; the mcmben !tc~J~: threatened tn at they - ·ould dii'Cipline the Soc1a ltst ConpeN'mllll unleu he withdrew his remarks, a.o Soc-ialist Conp~man Me\'tt London 1 ':illf! opolo~iud on.J Gk IW v.•ords. . From that ti~ on, outside or a few t!lpecche COD· cerninp- the h o~in~ 11ituation in the Distr ict of Co- br tbe City Cow.ciJ of MU.....po;;. cUoiuu. ap.... lAo s.. But ~ft~ all it_ie not the.e eumplc. of the failan of Soc1a liat offictal• in oSier whXb forms the mac da~~!'g dr~~natratioo of the failure of old«yle Soctalt l'l pol u10al action. 'The War intmai6ed .DC! Lroujlhl out the rul n ature of politicaJ power aDd control. for eu..mple, in cum where the Socialilta :;~l~!:c!~~~! ~:d 1t:i~~'!:d :C!~~::~i~ n~apo li s , for .inrtanc:e, Ma yor Van Lear ba'fin« mamfmed • m1ld hospitality towud free tpeec.~ the StJtte govemmentJromptly took 1way bia police power aJtd @'O'·ern the cit y throu«h the St.ate Coe· cil of N11ti~nal Defenae, which wu compotcd of the repret!entall\'et o£ big buainea. Mayor Hoa.n.. So-ciali~ Ma yor of Mil~aukee, wu completely di..-etted "f full... powc~ . al a ~rty e~:ecutin by the husiocu in· l u~t!t of U a.c on111n acting through the GoverDOr and Council ·of National Dd'enae. In Cle..-el&Dd two Soc ia~ Uu were elected. to the City Couocil ; one was dtsbarnd , Lecau.ae a woman reported that twelve months ~ fo re be had becu heard to uy tha.l he did not ~litve in the Hed Cro......,_qd the otbcr Councilman •·u e1pelled b«o.u...e J.,e belon1 eJ 1.o • ·~ scun.e poliJicDJ Party as AU col~. Victor lkrJler ran for United S tale& Stnatc in Wi.econsiD in the Spring of 1918. ln order to prevent him fr om taking his ~t. the bwineu intercsta of hi. ~t ate and of the country at lar~ I«W'ai hi.a U,. d ictm~t in the frdc-ral CoUI'ls, on cbarp much r~, grne than those upon whtr.h many Soci.a.JitU had alread~- been acquiued. . Be.r«tt then ran for the H ~u~ of Rep~tfentativct-. 1lu. w.aa the 1iP&I for at til furt~er andictmenll. & wu elec&.ed by an oveno·hr lmmg voto-and another indictmcut w11 dapJICd upon him ; and after the a..rmirtic.e bad hem s.igned , Der~;er was tried and conrieted. and ..,. · tenced to t•·enty yean in jail. At the heittht of r!.e Socialit:l Party'• cart~!~' in 19 12. m(lre than nine hundred •otc. were ca.st 'ror it5 P~idential_ candidate--abo.w on.e-fifkt'nJA of 1M en.tlrf'_tJOk cOJl /or PreJidenJ,ond OM·•istlaof Uw bol/ou Ca.J I for Jroodrow JriL.on., tAL w~ ccmdiJoJ,. R o u ~hly. the Democratic and Republicul el ectorate ~u rr~r~ted in Cobgrcaa proportiooall~- lo the1r Pr~•denttal •ote: but the Progrceai..-. -the Pany of the ~bel nnall property owncnwa.a not npre~oented in proponion to ill Tote · ll1lll Wlou, th. SociolistJ, u·ith ""'·fi/t<<nlh of oil 1M O M Congrumum, althou,JJ on the f8Ce of it: they wn:e entitl~ .to about thirty. Troe. m.my Congreuaonal DutriCtJ had DO electiona iD 1912· but thia doe:8 not alter the eMe:Dtial truth of ~ atatement. lo:. Europe the .dc-Yelopmem of .uch political Jtnn~ by any Partr would hnt! im· mediatel y ~o-·ed in the kgi1la1i.-e ~; thia il true e'\'eo an Gennany, in •pile of Rlltrd.iooa to the. f ranchi8e. But in Americlt it ean be rwdily ' o' aeen that. althoudl political demoency more or leu accurately reilccta the companllift ..-ength of the bour~i> partie&, it oper.... 1o bloek tbe adequate reprumtatioo of all cl.- comauiia.s widJ . the great capit&li.ata for St.te c:oalrol. 'l'l'hy ;. Ibis .. ? Why ;. it that iD Europe tho poiitical Sociaiitt movemmt wu able to deftlop great •t:re:nP in the legillati..-e bodiel. aod cur· ciae an imj>on.ant influence oa tbe Go.emmcata? Thit reaulu £rom the fact thai: notDh.ere in &A.t 100r/.d i-1 ~ ~pil.oJUJ do.u ID llrO"!lT 0;1-u.J anJ ~o finnlyllllTenc.J..ed or in AI'IWtrico.. i..n America. from the 6r.t._ the capitaiUtt d . . coa!rolled tbe Sute, and the-re wu DO other clue iD IOcidy a · oept the workinf!; ci&JL ln Ecrrope tbe eepi~ clnaa bad to fi8hl •8ainll tbe ......,...,. of tbe feudal cle.u. Almost up to the Gn.t War, iu ,ao~e pana of Europe there WU a Ju.a) rnoJat.iOD SOizl« OD! lumbia ancf.othp minor matlers of that .an, Con· gt'e!l!irn.a.&l London remained. lilent. On the reeolu · lion d~ larine- war 0~ ~rman y. he voted .. nay" . On themtlttary appropnat JOn, however , he d&dnotttOk Fin ally. the fearful preseure engendtrcd by th~ war, and the a.auge pattiotic penccution in the Conp~s bent do"-n h is )lalf-hear~ resimance~ .a ~al in 19 18 he was the Conpeuman eelecte-:1 to deln-er a.n address of eulogy commemorating the third anni\·enary or Ital y'• t21lri.DCe into the war! Talcen to tuk by hiJ c:omr~tde5 in New York for his chauvinistic ctterances, Comrade London declar~..-d that although boni a forciP'eT, he had bt,en made in America . and he • ould be true to bia country: furthermore. he added thar he was re- the capital® ...... Jtti.U.s witb tbo driD8 r ...c~a~ •pon5ible to all h ie conllituml!t--and that theee l)'!ltr:m lo !&-In coatrol of the St.te, ad the riaiD& c:onstitumta were not onl :r Socia lim (workin@' men) prolet.ariat wU :ala.o beginnins to hattie for powe. but oil 1M peopk ofla.i.r JUtrict. The dia..troUI Both feudal cl . . and capitaliab ....! tho wor!mi, records of Soc:iali ... e:la:ted to oSce are endleu. cl.ua att"iDSI ooc:b otber, aDd tb1» tbe Socialilb lJ&. Ma yor Seidel of Milwauker 1ppointed ~aoy non· came e imponant !-=tor betwem the two ~ Socialiats to poet& in the city ad.mini.tration, and -.lin8 cl .... factio... ADd tbua, abo.e aU doe · =lo:-:1}' of the ....t expiOJted ooc:tioD of the Amer- when <rilicioed. doc:IIIJ'Od llw he ...p....mled all tho capitaliato ....,.. c:ompelled to fi!lill ;., two icaa work.ia8 c1 .... wen barred. peopl~DOt merely the Soc:ialilr Party. Mayor t.iora at ODCe. md iD the _.,wlaiJe. 10 p.e cceAdd to lh1a Berp'• oppo.ihoo to WomaD SW- LUilD of ScheDectady d;d tbe a.ame ' thin@'; wbeo .-ioao "' tho wo~ c1ua ;.. ,..,., r. 1111 aid • fr~. on the sround that women were largely dom· taka to 'taak for 1m UD-Socialiltic behnior, the apimt tho foadal ~ Ia America, b o - . tbore 110 foadal clua iDated by rel i~on. and would therefore llrengtben Mayor proudly fflliped (rem the Soc:ialW: Party-llflaiDal doo the ruc:tionary political · forcc:a; and later, bia &d· \ but rama.iDed Mnor. ad afterward became o~ of to di..n tloe capitaliato from tboir •oe.cy of lntenention iD Mexico ; and we hue a the chief pro-War Democratic Con~ worlt.iDfl clua. More tba."tbal, tho ballot oaablad piclu.re or a man in foOme reapect.a lea. ~olut i ooary Mayor V&D t.r of Minoeapol~ after electioa to tho AJMricaD capitaliat ..,).;. IO bliDd tho than the bourgooi• ]d!cnoliW> Liberala. · ollice of &D &Dti-War propam. joiDocl Samuel Com- witb inaaiou of "d..Doc:ncyft .waJ 11ooy bad ,.. ln full c:onaciouaneu of the delpc:rau: aituatioo pen' AltiUlCe for Labor aod Dremocraey, wbicla wu !acted their bold apoo tho tllrooa Gl doo For 11M lut decade tho IUo&orT oC tbo Aoairica iD which Victor Berger now 6nds bimaelf, ed in formed by the J"Meliocarim of the Ams-ic.ui Fed· r..u respect to his COUr&!f:, 1 do Dot wiah to mil· a-atioa of Labor to wpport the Wu ; and whca · Socialill Party bu abo'"' a quote Uer,er or miullte hia potition. 1 ahall there-- the Non -PartiMD Leape put up a Candidate in a to draw away from the prol..n..t. 'llle policy af fore quote utr.CU (rom hial'fiCCDt pamphlet, .. Opal loeal election , Mayor Van Leu made a public ••borin! from within"' in the Americ.aD F......._ Letter Addreuot"d to Hia Culle.aguet iD Conp-eu", apeech in favor of thi.a candidate. although a caD· of ·L abor """I'""' iD tho Yimlal cap<l:nl oC tbo ira order tli11 he may 1peak for himaeU : did.ate of lili OWD Party wu nmniliK. H.ia lut eel Party, for~ • period, by tho Feclerati-t.lob liT "I - of 1M f - ol liN Soclolloo ....., ol mo~ "'!"to allad Fias law paaaocl tlw bad ........ cla6ailely .... . '· or Ju- won... ....,.w;.. .....a.- """"""' ...r-."' ....., �The New York Commuuiot I Left \\ling Notes THE Left Wing organi.ulioo hat deCided to •op- -. pon the lollowing nominee and ...U all ffl'folut.J onuv Sociah~ol& t o do hiet.o·i.e : For CucuJwr SureUJ'7 of Loc.o1 NttiJ Yorl : Co~ n. Moxurn..lims Notice to AD BrancJ- of Locah New York, Kinao, Qvea.o, Richmond, A.toria ..,d 8"""'- -.At a mMmg of tt,t: C11 y Comminee held on the 5th du)' of ~b ). it wu decidt-d to call B. Cit y Coo' 'cntwn , 1U1d tha t lhe bA,~<oiJ. of repro.ent.atioo •haU . be ' ' 'Onr drlrgale' for every 50 m~n in m.3J u r fr action Uteroof; lh at br an ch r ~ Mall elect del~ales directf( Ood t-IMndmg N I L'' Y ~ u &rr" tJ,M'efo re rec • ua-t~ to ernd out a call to thr br a nch e- wstruct i~g Lhero1 to t!"'Ct delcgatCI!I to thr cu n\·cni iOII uo :he LuiJ decided by the City Com!IlltlGe. Thr Cnm'f'Tlti un "''1: ! !:.: hrld o n June 14th and 15tk a t (.lu t.~m Count ) Luho r L)·ceum. Cypn:M A'·en ue, Hul~t'""' ood, L l. ""·ill IJ<: a !- Tite order of bw.ineas follo'"''a: Con,oldati or. of Loc:al5 into a Greater Cit)' Local. T.al.mp IWII U rl 0 11 Part~· u ...·net hhip of PrM6. T a J...m~ action on the Lrft \\ ing. reorganU...t ion, of of loc.l l t\e.,.· York. Sen d th e n.1m~ nf Ute delefi!Bte!i elected aqd the hr ancl.e!' the ~· rrpr~nl to Lhe r.ocretary ~~ the Quecm L:ilior Lp~ um , Myrtle and CypreM A\"0nuo. Hidge .,.·ood. 1-•I. T :tlr.inf! up tht: q uestiNI o f brt~n c li ~ At the last moet:inE of tJ-,e Left 'W inf!: CjiU CUI of the Ctntral Com mittee, Loca l Bronx, Benj. Gitlow, 11. U our~in. A. \\'mi ck, Dr. Gloul>erman a!ld Roma..o Dluepa!-!- were ~d o ued at. the candidatee. for the Cit)' Committee from Local BtoDL . ,. . The Ne"' Yort Co.IIIIIII U I't'IST depend. Up<."::l volunltJtt worker• for ill diltrihution through· out~city . Each week '• lMue i• ready for dutriLution Thund.y ah.emoou. Come to tht: beadquarte.n, 4J Wbt 29th St reet , Titutii<La)·, and «d ) ' OUt buodte. No.,.,. 11 tht: tm>e to get the truth acrosa. i\1 t~ l e th: l...ch Wing c.ampai,:n among the rank and fale e hu~ auc:cel.!l br pulling a Co MW L"!I. I ST each week., in the banda of every part)' runnher . Our mott o ia :-10,000 CoiOilTJrflSTS in on SOCIAlJSf P.... RTY or HI CHLASD PAU. t The 5<. LoW. War R_,lutiou, iorcod upoo the Party o16cialdom by tho nDk aud 61o, P" pr..U. of a DBW spirit i.a the Socialill monaeat.. borD of the ahock Of war. But bow the Party oltci.la and olice-holden violated or apologiaed for the St. Lo\liA RCitOiutioo. and what bappeoed to the JDCIDo ben of the n..uk and 6le who auempUld to li•e up to it. remindo o"" of tho of the Secoad lnternatiooal, ed tbe million. of trutiDt worlun bottoyed by them. '1'>o War ,..,..led tho po- of cap~ polm.. CAl control. Before it the polit.ical workiopaea'a partioo diaopJ><O:'ed. wen """"':heu-1 by the por· lio.mcnll in wbicb they puU<•pated. by tho .,.. chinery of political domoc.rocy which they bolped to ma.i..aW..A. (T. . . ~) I...Ioro 0 · WE To Tn Nnr Yoa..a. Low wl·Just : r..Do('lu· no~ . ~~~~.!~,,;,~~~~r~'i:~J~l= 1:1.• ~: i:clh~i:11a1~~d! if cam~d . • ill ~-r--1 tbt- Left ~· l.D& Soaaliau c.f lha.s lol.&l.e fr om tht' Soc •al111 Part y. I.Dd '\\ h"ua. lh~ Euc:utuc Coaunittc.ot of Loea.1 Ntw York., un• tl ll nf: t u '"'all l ht outcl'lmt' of lbc al o r~id rd~ · dum., •• now J.>r~p.ar• ll F lo ··re-orJ.I hW"- all branchtt of th• t l .. oc.ll. Nld reurJ•mu.t iull mean•n& tb~ e• pdhn& 11! aU mt"mlot.n of N •d hranc.Ln who 4(ibO"t 10 t.bt L.eft Win&, oorl \\ heN"u., we n:1ard tbr &bo?r action• u 1 muo ud eo • ·ardly • ttempt "" rbe ~ of r.ht Richt \\ inJ .. nd the W tr U.a 10 Jllr•·rot tbe drlUt of lbe afou· me~~ tio uert Ntw Yod. Sutt l<drrndwa, Tt. ett f o rrboti1ff~IM : T hlt • ~.. Local H~b.l.and Puk., lrl ~W - ion. ' M•y 2-llh. 1'.11". d ,; bert L) n prCM our condemn11ioD of the alort mt nlloncd mnn and cowardJy a.r:tioil of thr U ec:u· :;:: ~~~;m~:a~:.~ .~;-s!~~~ p~o ~rN":. DY'!l • nd all ot hen wl1u may bot a. nnteted whb thi.l duta.rdly plot b d1 trup r tbe l' ar. y: th.ar in c..t' f' •tional Rdetn· dum IJ. camn.. we .rill do .U iD our po•tt to ban the Arnru c ~ lklc;,-•t t' Uutructe<! to • ot t a nd UK hil inftu. r n ~·t' ar thr :'\atr-.n• l C..n¥enli'l D for tl1 ~ wat i n~; of 1.111 ddtJIIt'S wh1cb t.h&!J rt pleKnl tht' l.A-f1 \\ LDi Social im of l\ew York. enn if N id S«iaU... h.a•~ boeD espdJed by the l"nr , .ork P •"Y . · And bt h further raol•rd that we lebJ • copy of tit.. Horwood._____ ____________ =~01":' :!If':'I::.!-:!:b.'fl~ Party-the Proo;. · IThe Telescope I Kl:NnJCKY-LOCA.L !d l memherL Greater r\e•· YoriL ! • ne Convention of the- German r ederation , held a• Hud1eoot er , I\. Y .• on Mav 30-3 1, endoned the Ldt Win g Manife!'lo and PrOgram •t'ith the pro,·M S::~u=rt~~ ~( ~~s:J~p;; o~oi\ th ut if the f'ia ti onal £merf!'enc y Co"'·etion does alto to th~ Nrw You. Co wwt:l'lt5T, the 0/Uo SocioiUr ud not adopt thi~ program the German r ~ali on will lhe R.n'OUJU:utlfry A1 ~. for publicatioD.. · Rarpectllllly IUbmined join tl1c Left U.'ing. A motion wu introduced 1hat the Federation ~·,. of ~£.H=:d P1rL .bould contribute 5c per capita per month for the aupport pf the Par1 y press. A substitute motion to Foll owing i1' the . n:~lar recorded 'role of the the efT eel that the F ederali on demand that the Party State of Peuhavlvaaia oo t..be N'ational Referendum press be Par1~· o.,.·ned ~tnd co ntrolled. and that until for N'atioo.al i:ucutive Com..m..inee. !nt.ematianal .,udt time a! lhi.! is com plied with it withhold.J itt Delegate6, lnternatioaal Sctrel.ll.ry and Refqeodum aupport. The eubNitute motion wu carried. . .. B"--qutstion of t..be National Emergency Conveo· A· rcsol uti ori protes1 ing against the upulaion or tion : the Michigan State orgao.i.zation .,..u carried., aa waa For /\'aJi.oM I EuC#Iiw Comrn.U.Ju : (high men) a resoluti on condemning the ~"'penaion of the C. E. Ruthenberg, ___ __ _________ 2,075 &even Federation5 and the !W.peruion or expul!iio" Margaret Prnry._ ----------1,810 of ot her Part,· Branches or Locale. The Federation fred 700 • declarinr it,..,.")( in &nlidarily with thote expelled or Birch Wiloon·------------- - ---- 603 suspended. Detail!- nat week. · C. William Thompoi>D--- ------ - .- 517 We euppo&e the German Federation will abor1ly For InkrnDlionol Dek<llk.J : be au..-pended fr om the Party on tbe groUDd that it. John Reed.. - -------- -------- --- 2,169 ia compoecd of ..H~ " Louis C. froino._·-- ~ ---- - -- ~- --- 1,575 C. E. Ruthr:nbdg_ . _____________ 1,419 A. w.goriknechL ____________ 1.0:12 At the Nui:mal Convet~tion of the Jewiab Fcdera· tion, held in 8-.lston , Sundav. )tlDf! Itt. ainy Left L E. ferguon--- ~-- - -------- ~ -- 9lo· Winll delegates boiled th e Con'"enti on and formed For btl~rt141ion.al S«rt:lrlry : · a com·ent.i on of their own. Det.aile De'J1 week., M.orri! Hillquil ---- - - ---- - -~--- 581 lc.te Richards 011ore..,.________ 1,801 anti-Soc ialist, counter-reYolutionary, . rdormistic body. The oplit ..ith the~ . W. W. in 1912, by the adoption of Art.icle ' T•nl, Section Six. in tbe Party constitution, finally completel Y, aep&rat.ed tht Party from the revolut ionary Amrrican proletariat, and forred out of the Par1y 10me of ita best el.~u.. The Party platform, became 10 filled with reform Uit demands caiculated to appeal to prof• aionale and m:nall property ownen, th...t ihe Prograeive· Party adopted ~everal of them in 1912. For t..be moment t..b.U cUd noc effectually modify the Socialiat 'rote; but 'when. four yean l.ta', un der the thrut d war, the Wilton Demoerau adopted the C...trol Rrauch of Loe.1 PounoD, N. J. tloo l a r g~ l branch in the city, h.aa joined the Ldt Wiq. Loca l Pa tereon waa not given any' b&l)otl for tba refett:nduro ,.,u for National E.x.ecuti'ftl Committee NOlif>Nd Ref...mdum "8",1919: Yeo -------------------- ----- 2.252 No ---------------- ------~-- 165 · , . . . ' Our Left Wing Scc.ret Scn·ice infoi'IDI aa th& at the last mmi=g of the Loe.l' ~ew Yorlr. Eueutift Co mmittee a motioo to swpend the publication of The Socioli.Jt •·u onl y loo by a •mall marpn. · Apparent I)· there are tome · fti&b.t Wingen wbo .,.. . occuionall v viail.cd with gleam~ of ...mty. . . . .. The 6 r.U editorial in the Jut iaaae or TIW 5(). ciolur begin" "TM SocioliJI hao juoti6ed ito ....,. ence." Is thia • reply to the motiOa to IIU.Iped publiution ? We notice !hot HiUquit'• billd dow. to the ~ ' Wing haP. undeTgone • chang!' in title ~ it appeared in TM C..tl. · 1M Socioli.l is now oii...U., it for u le under the aomt"whal ·te. ambitioaa title: " The Immediate U5ue." WiU aoJDOODC lell • whd immod~ isoue Hillquit .for:->-.rl? . • .J . • Bill fei~am writeo ;i, TM s..c;.u, .., "N• lion alism-A Grut Daop." He N1J : '"5~ af! a Ru5sian •ympatb.ir..n'." Natioo.aliam ia a pwd danger , l:iit 11ympathizins with o.atioo.ab..m ia ol r.:oune quite alrigh1! Now tut would..,., ""Speik· ing • • a l)'tDpathiz.er with the R.J,.,.;.,. ~ · ti.on"; bul then w)'in« what i.J J:I)MJ'If ia a tail. IDift-. . We on: much oblipl to Robon ~ Cor hio approval of our ... fine literary atyle. Thil cpite rel ieve& our mine!. u we were afraid be m1Ft DCII Jike our linle efforts. Bat Dow t1.at ~ ue 0 . L. why does DOl btgi .. Bill fei~. r - ' in how to .. y what be meam ii be ...._ ~ ' Aocording to TM SocioliJt, Lenin io .of the op;.. ion that Samuel Gompen ia a Soc:ialill. ll thia ia true. then l..enio mUBI have f"' ).. isJ.mpra.iOM from ...,.ding TM C..tl, ·or perl1opo from poruoiDjJ- ol Hillquit'o opooeiooo. · The 4th A. D.. Easlioh Bnncb, fOl'll>erly owned and c:ontrolied by n ·A.pemblym.an Karlin, much to the utoniahme:ot of the late' A...emblyinaa , "Wr:nt Left at itt r~ul.sr meeting, Friday, May 30. I)U.. ma yed at the counc or evmll, K..rlin' bec..uo~ ·~ euited., callins the cbai.rm.o '!a p~ "r cllee.e oud threol<Jiin& to be.t hUn up. tindins thoJ this )ine of action made no impraeion oa the ~ · ohip, be loUDCbed into au impOMioued plea, eitiD« . bio ,..an of -.berWp iD tloo aud .1- Party Aw-l fw F.-. fw n. N. Y. c-..iol The Loft Wins io in .-1 of Ctmdo for the ioouODoe of ito popor; - ..... • d,_ P•Yin& -.berohip ood ""' oolely depauleot upou tho YDiuotory ooatribulio. ol rada for ow •upport. U you th.mk our monment i.J ~'if y(H.I feel that U.. public esptCMiOD, YO.U IDual COIDe to 00&1' 1UpP9f\. ln lbe praeot c.ri.&ia. IDOh daua .... w ... we muot kaop in the Wei, our papor mUll be publiobed. WE NEED FUll'!IS. · ' Tur ol....l ....ll 10 MAluMIUAN COHEN, 43 War 29P Snlzr, k. Y. C. CoiiiW>IS : ft.- I llonby N.- .~ ·? underotODd that Morris Hillquit ujo !hot it is uo~F oreign Feden:lio01 who are to L.lame, the eeooomic or~ of the forei&n ,..o tloo .,.. of _______ OK!o _ . f.,. the •pport ol TuN• .V. c-o.an. -------------·-------Acldr.. ---- •• ·: ( �;O======~================~==============================~====~T\~e~N~e~w=Y~o~n~C~4m~DM~~ Chicago Turns to the Left By L E. Ferru-o., ~E Cook County Con•ootion of Mor 17-18 ,... 1 •uhcd in 1 clean IM·eep · for the Lch WiD1. ~, wu more than a teet of 1ttcngth of the local . ppo,ing elemenLI, yet even in thia limited tenae .his coovenlion M'ouiJ be of bigb Dllioo1l 1igni· 6c.mcc, bn.:aw.e the Leh Wing conquest of Chicago iA the best pouiblc proof of the Left \\'ins cooque.t of the whole ArMricao Party-wantinB only in "The RnolutioDIIfT Ap" ~ated u Chairman u the Leh Wins candidate. The highHt \'Ole f or one of the of6cial family u candidnle for \he H ~l uti o o s Committee •u 177: one of the mor;t pOJ)U iar Socialiall in Chiaso, who hu failed to make clear his uoder.aanding of and alipihl~"nl ·.fln the iuues before the Party and may therefore be c h arecterU~ at the moment u CeoITi!-1, rrcci,·ed 236 \'Otes ; ...,·hil e the five Leh Wins candid•tes ueraged clo.e to 400 votes, the high another half year of conYentione and elcrt iona to \IOte going to -We. record ia...clf in t~ of • new Party o&'x:ialdom The rcpretent.ative charactu of thit Convention and a new oricnt.ation in the Party policies and is C\·ideot from the large number of delegatee and ta.::tica. the hi gh al(cndance, the basis or represcr.tation be(J) Thi1 Convention wu 1 Uft Wing vic:1ory in~t 1 deltsate to 10 members. The general Wuet on the buis of "'hit ia perhaps tht! mo5t cardully to come before the Cuu.,.ention bad been ditcuued and complttely elaborated Matnnenl , in teruu of more or 1~ thoroughl y in .omething like SO platform and h:ilolutiona. of the l...dt Wing mon· bu ¥.h!-!, r.o then wa.s nothing here ~ _ the nature ment in thi5 country·. { 2) Th i1 Convention meant a o( surprbe or hutv jud@:JDenl The m~ portion• dec ish·c conquel!lt of a loca l Party unit of o,·cr 6500 or the re:solutioru had been puhlishe:d in the Chi· mem bers; a ' 'icton · 10 coo!'Cious of iu own purpote eago Socialist two week"' before the Convention. and e,o ddinitely ~r~ani 1ed that it can make rapid and a eeries of debatee b11_d been tt.aged bet,..·een saint fr om day IO dlly. (3) Finally. ~it conven- rrpraent.ath·eP of the oppoting camps. ti on viclorv will at once be tramlated mlo a Del'" The Left Wing movement in Cbicaso, t.alc:ins its control pf 'Local Cook Count)" on the firm b~ia of theoretical iniliative in the work of the Com.muniJt revolutionary Socialism. PropH~anda League, had u•umM definite organ· TheM art confident clairm , but need no arp1ment Uation character in about two do1en of the most ~\ ond the textual and mnthem.otical f11cl8 • ·hich important Lranch units or the city. Under the able th~y seneraliu. AI this time the f'X"rctarial work and a~p-ew.i,·e Je.,Jenhip of Comrade Alexander h.1s nol bttn comple1ed "·hich - ·ill pro,·ide the Stollit1-ky, now lll('ting 1.5 Tran ~ lat or-S« retary for dt"la ils of the platform and resolutions adopted, the HuN-in n Federation, the H.u ~sian · !!pea ldng but thot.e "ho recall the propam publi~hcd by the branches han recei'Ved inten$ive education in the Chicago Commu ni Et Prop,afranda l...eague fnur or rrincipl~ of re\'Oiutionary Socialism. The Lithu fl,·e months o~o, to - ·hich hu ~ add~ all nail - anian Tram lator-S«rctarv, Comndo? Stil!lOn, the a bl e circ urrutaJICCS in the interim, ,.,·ill reali.z.e that Ltui~h Secrrtarv, Comrade Puri~. the Hungarian th ere "'"U through preparalion for thi.s Com·et1lion Strretar)·, Co~ade Frankel , and many othen in .o f &r at the qu~:ioot of P&Tt y principles and laC· the " langua~ " groups ha,·e co -operated ably in a tica arc conct:med. dual educati onal-organization campaif"• which aho"'·ed it.s r~ult.s at the Cook County Convention, 0 1 and ih bound with in a few month ~ to compel a clear Socia list Par i,. on the hhi!i of the oc'"' Cook County ~~ln::~t~!~~i. American. Party "';th the Communpr v ~arn \.void h nd iL&clf in complm unit)' with the Co mmuni ~ t lnternotionai and "'·ith the rn·oluSome of the fundamental 5nobben· and narrow tionan· proletariat of the l,;niltd States. A Chicago natiomaliJ.m of tl1e Right Winger. displa)'ed it~elf Lt:ft \\in@: vic tory takes tp«ial1ig:nificance not only in clunu il)· indirect in!linuations about tl1e " alien" from the imponance of the local it5elf. and the chaucter or th e Left \ring-while 0\'er-protesti,g indu~trial territory tribul ot)· to Chica~o. but alto their own adhertncc to Socialist internationalism! fr om' the facl that this is the he.aOquarten of the Thi!l much det..ail if sivcn to rm pha.si.te the orglln· old Pa.n,· re~iml! . The Ch icago moH:mcnt has i1ed character of the Chicago Left \\ ing Btrength. ~·e ~ had di5tinctive loo:al chara('ter , becauae i~ There i!l not a branch i~ the city or country without leadeuhip has been tin ged \\"ith tl1e Put}' oBicial· Ldt \ling adherent•, hut the astured control lies dom coming fr om all over the country. in the two dozen or more bunches which stand u But the point to be empha~iud is the organized 0 1 character of thi• Left Wing \"ic1ory. To the Right WinFen and Cc:nlr~t5 thi ~ wu the m'·stifying and sufficin1tly in the county organiution to H.'!ure the ann oyi ng clrcum"'t..lnce. They could undent.and Left WU,g of the fruil5 of its victory in relation lot!. of more or leas aimleu talking and more or to the I CJ~CJ~~ I Party presa and other official .aivitiea. let>! cq_nfuac:d voLin@:. but the ti,ht of a tolid Left On the othtr band the demorallution of the phalaui of aboul 400 votes out of .ome 6~a "politician" element ditplayed it~elf in an almost .olid, hirl y uniCorm vote, going with a dcfmitc, ludicrous bolfin~ or the Convention during ita ~~ec ­ clear<:ut propam. l'arcfull y di!ICusaed and criti· ond ~sion. The 1"\apoleon of the nodw, which cU-ed for week1 ahead.-that waa not their idea of took about S'7c of the Convention, certainly leu a .,Socialist convention." than 107o, wu our quite amiable Comrade Seymour The flnt and perbap1 the clearest tt:st V.3le came Stedman, who momnlt.arily for~ot his resporuWility with the electi on or the Resolutions Committee, u one of the National Uecutive Committee and after Comrade 'William BrON Uo)·d had easily baeu lorgoc to u.e hia own betttt judgmenL Thit band- .;,~r~:t.p~n~';!d ~~h·pb:' a:~d ~.:wtt.1.~ a~ Am~~= S~'i:,~:m~ Th'i~-~~~~;~, c::~ir':ad : ~ft": t:!:~:'J f ul of dd~m., who had been U.itte:at few a half a year lh11 1omebody wu tryiPB to 1plit the Puty, wben fa ced with the rea.llution that t!le Party wu re~" fanizetl risht under their eye.., without a murmur about a t«:eNion , decided to prove that then wa• .. lcBirc to tpld the Party by l.ryizl« a little ap~~~t::veo:.~:n°':en~': iu three seuions Mty l8tb without • word Pfcuriosity ahow tbo bolters, and "'·ith relief fr om their tilly tactica of time-killing and ob.tTUclion. The op~oo to the Left \\"in~ e:rpreued itJ.elf in debate and quatioaing ; and the opportunity for real diacuuioo wu never rut off by the Lch Wing. About all the •'Titer beard nf the bohen ,..., that they lllrtd a meeting in a nearby hall, but J40D came to the conclu&ion thtt no ODe knew wh.tt they waated to do. It was quite apparent tlut all e:s..cept the moe conspicuout figure. fmafly found their way back to the ConTenlion. Only Stedman it named from among the little band of holtcn becaute the writer i. con6dmt that Stedman rc8fdted hit excite<l action within e hour after the &eeeuion; and thi.t typifiet tbe vention tplit as not at all a -forecut ol any rupture in the local ort;aniu.Lion. Stedman ab.olat.ely realiu:J at the Opaling-6f the Convention that the Left Wing h1d a t olid two-thirds "JMC, wllich wo1Lid have etu.ily incre..ed at once ift ihe fight bad baeu nude on principles, inllead of tlu-~ugb aharpenina lines by dilatory jockeyio~~: WhiCh compelled a teemingly hanb offensiTe on the p.., of the Left Wing. If •n)"lhing furtheu u "'-"ufd of Party· tp liting in Ch1cago, Steelman and'\ia dou:o or 10 of official lieutenanu will lt&Dd COJIYkt.ed of a preC'alculated de-ign toward thet end; a1 leut, the dtlibente raiting of the unit)' of penooal opinion. or lack of bu i1 for intelligent opinioD, abo"' the Je.,.el of devotion to the Soc:iaJi.g mc:t'YemeDL So much concerning the mech.anica and h.i.ttory of th is important Conv"'tion. Its contributiooa toward the \\'Orking OUt o f the DeW cbuactc:r o( tbe American Socialist movement, in temu of prop-am. tKtiC11, and qu~tions of pa.rty orsaniz.alion will tactiC11 .a.ncf quettions ,r Party organiulion will One comment it made oow to counter the im· o( ecm. r:~~:~,::~: c:~~=n: 0~ll..r=8 ~ ~t nnce. At emphuized above, the main Puty i.u. had been thoroughly diocuooed in odnooe and the re&ull!l reduoed to definite form. bat without prompting or e"en the co-oper.tion o£ thoee coa•pifioua.on the floor for the Leh Wins. there were resolutions introduced touehins nery inRaDt I!!Dleu.rian fight of rn-olutionary tipific:.aDCe. 'Ihe comrade. abroad and our owu cl....,war comrad. in the jails,· tbe ttrikert of I..wteooe and Winnipeg, and the fightins I. W. W.-<be ""'olutionary proletarians e\ln-ywherc were recopti.ed in ki.n.hip in that Con,·ention in the J:DOA conrincinsly pan· ioe WI)" Lbat the writer b.u ever wi..tJMued in any Socialill gathering. And it ia thia tpontaoeotU tentitivenesa to the world 6Kh.t of t.be ritin« proletarial by the COJMCiOUI • Americ:an proJeta.ri.&DI • ·hich it the Y~J.ality of the revolutioaary Sociali:lt movemeot in tWe United St&ea. . . "Regular Party Channels" As a few glaring namplee or the de wilh individuals and othcn tub.tituted.. The Local Secwhich our Party machine work., i 1."'-oo, ,,:. .:ite you retary " reported ~ pr.ctically to the aame efrect. It the fullo"'·int;: I am a memher of the Sth A. D. i1 to be noted that ocithcr the State Str~ nor of BronL Local BrOns. •ubmitted to itt me:nber· th• Local Secretary bod over bofore op...,..d at ehip a reeolution to a&il iatc • ·ith the Left Wiq: t.h,. Branrhes to " report," und that the C'\·idcnt inlent Sa:tion and a resolution by co"!:nter -res.olutioni.sts o( tbr.e "rt<portll" wu to prejudice the member(I had almott •Tittcn counter-re\·olutiooi.!ts) . At ship a!(aimt the "Left Wing" at the very moment the lall meeting of tht Sth A. D.• which wu held on "'hen they were about to \lote on the Left Wins May 27th , ditcus::ion and \'cling on thew t.o reeo- J"ettiution. l"o quCirtioru, 'however. wen permiuecl lutioDJ wat tl1e 1pecial order of bwineu. The to be uked of either the State or Local Secrctariea.. BriDCh htd decided that Branch u;,emben and a her makins their .o-cal led rep orb, they cle-~ given pr'efereoce in the matter or di.a- pa~ their te'I'Cral waya. cus.ion, and that out.siden would only be The nat day the State Sa:retary called me up petmitted to take the ftoor after the lat Branch on the wire and u.lted me 'bow the vote ttood on member who wish~ to diecu• "lbit maner the Left WiDg reMJiution ; iDC'identally be wu interhod opokm. At about 10 P. M. Coauode Cook, the .etted to find out how our Branch took hia renlaState Secretary, Comrade Anna Stem , the Loeal tion• of .,lraud" and •·ror«UY." I explaiDed to him that u far u I wat concerned, bit nideaoe did noc imprna me et all; that •nyone familiar with the chairman that he had a very important repon Party affain know• or 1hogjd hiYe bowa that the to make which would be 1upplemented by tho forei,m lanrua~ Branches ~erally vote aa • uit, E.:ecuti\le Secrct.ary of lhe Local. We .aoppN the and that.. being illiterate, the Secnury or tome di~eu .. ion and ~a\le him the tlQOr. Altrr atatin! other litt=rate member «tDUally tbarb and a.ip hit intenlion tu be fair to botb tide~ in the ma~~cr. the b. Ilots for them. He confCMCd th.t be wu be produced cenain ballot~ of Left Win& Brand.a isnorant or this fact, bul that whea be had ahowu on the National Refcrmdumt, which he claimed .evcral of the ballots wbkh 1pP«red lo him to be were fraudulent, the eTidence being thai eeveral 1uapiciou1 to 60 promine.11 Soc:ialiata," they immedi· of them - ·ere in lhe handwr it ing or the ..une in- atcly yellr.d .,fuud" and "lorsery." He odnaiuerl • dh·ic\ual, that ce rtain fonoisn b.nguagc Branc.he. Jc me tlwl M M4 not~ &nW!.Jli«aud ea li.n&l.e ~Wpici­ hzld \'otrd en bloc for "c ertain ca.ndidttet, and thai ow COl'- &o GJUI1Gin ... he.&M.r •'' ,....,. ~her• MJU r•llr oerta.io ballou bad Tolel cro.ed out (OJ" c::en.ai.l "jr...r or "/••10'7," bvt ~ Do wu DOt DOCJ'ICf =:ed~u':'~l:bh:!:!:~c~::.d: ~~t !!:f: soins to count or coosider tbe ftlte of ey BraDClh or Local which 10 him to be fraudulmt. Suboequentlr bod been informed Lr _,.a) "prominent" mernben of Loeal Brocu. that all thoec Brancbee in whk.h the vota oa the Left Wini raolution predominatfld OYer the Yotel on the RiFt Wins fal))ution, would be ~di.ors.m-1" aDd ",.. organiled .. .a aa to iDclade DODe bul .,oyal" .....:.· afpeared ....... Lut nlsf!t, wbeo I appeonod at tbo Loco! boodqoarten lo an.nd the "Ript Wins caocao" iD re~ponse to their invitaticm. I aousfJt oollirmm011 of the fa<1 that " ' - Brucbeo ........ tbo Loft Wins raolution cnried a . .joriiy •ou.ld be di.ol1"111:1 and n>orsan.ioed, from the Loco! Seenoary. Sbe atatod tbot obe boli<mod that to b. tloo f.ot, b.l men-ed me to the StAte Seerdary. nu. ""'"'.::3 l..r":~ UC;!'"u!"rh~:..:: ~= ror inlo"!'ation ; thai our Bnnch toaipt, ucl that belore .haii.W.. iD oar ba!JCIU we wanood to Imo.. wbeoher we "Would Do penalioed for •olial ort • referadumeubmiuad to a., DOl io - ~ with the wiabet or deaiJw of the po._... lbaJ: he. He rel.-1 to cle6Ditely .... hio poai&ion or 1M poaitioo of \he llale oAc. i.A tbe ...a.., ud ,.. lured mo to the Loeal Soaelary. H.-er, M UDUJ Au opinion to be """ • Broad ..._ ...;... ily Md .-.1 iro /nor of ,.. IA/t II'U., .....s..liaa - " be Jiuol .... J - 3, 19lll. Bau a..- �The New York Comm...u.t ). Proletarian Dictatorship O NE of the most frequent cri~ic isms directed by th~ Hitt:ht \Vinfl"U aJ!_.J inlll th~ t:or..muni•t p~i t ion au.t.unu:d h~· thr- Ltft \\ i11g (and thU. euMI)' parallel!~ the Eurc'l'ean ~ocisl · pntriot.P' criti· c i~r1 of Ho i•!Jc,·i ~m I, it th.rt the Ldt Win~ rr-pudiat ~ I.JrmOt_.ran and ~t nn d!!o for D i(·tat or :~hip-- Pr o · le1aria n llictat;m.hip, it i!- tr ue, Lui ,.till. IJic-tato r · thip. The haJ 1\u l:-hr-,·i\i.i, \II ho ~~ ~ p ictured in the bour~e•1is pr~t. ernli tlu! corrition• of t11e Hand Sc: IH.K.!.I a!> adH~t:nl i n [l di:oemL<n·•·r'lmrnt. m a~·hem and tht" tuppres:.ion of oil o·Jr " ho:arJ.,,,on liber1iet~," are d~ri!JN Ill' endon.ing the Dictaton.hip nf tht P Jole13ti3t o ut o f Ph~r dt!\' i l i!-hn~. si)(' ::J iiPm i6 8 "dr-m·e. Mttn ..cient ifi cali)' prm·ed thot Capitalit.m ~rneu.ted within it~lf . the ( NCO \O.'fli<::h ~o~o ~u Jd deo-ttoy it; 11nd :i.at it ni!O @'~0· erated the da~· an l aj:!un••m ~ ....·h ich \oO·uuiJ unitr the ""'·orl..en; to ri ~e •Eam,.l it. and fn1111l)' to 0\'erthrcow it. llr al!-0 JltrdH·tr<J tJ,J, J:.: .. in{% the tran!'ltion perit•tl het'lolo·ecn CapitDiil'm a nd Snt:ial if m, the 'lolo' Ork· ing clll.!o§ " 'ould lw:o tl•r rul iu~ cia*: and, to mllke h i!> mc=::iing J~rfec;-!1 ~· C'lt:ar. hr went on to t'aY that ahi ~ "" flTL:in ~ cla~!! rule of ..ocitty in lran~ition " cunntH IH OloJ·tllill~ t:.IJ"' but Uu~ JicUJlorJh ip oflhc prnlr.tori4l." Thrrr tue \'en ft'-' ~ncialitt• tudnv ""ho do not ..ee that CapitaJ i,.m i.1 appr oo.rhin~ ii.-, cluom 'lolo'ith trrmmdou;;. t>Jlt'ed ; thnt the forc f'~ ~tneratrol wi tl_li ~ tht> !>~·:-trm hn,·e, under t h~ intensifying pr~sure of · "" ar, fln ull )· l•utt-1 it tt ~u ndcr . Ah·o, the \'err d~pt'r~t ion .,·ith whic·li C:. pitoli ~m :J.Itrmpt§ to rt· con~trurt tht" •hullertod '"''arid. re,·eal~ II in all it~~ nalrd cl a!os~h a r :u-: ter a!l the Uirhtton.h ip of th"' &u rfroi.-it'. This. with f:ip-u ntic f.tridf':f, is a'"'d~n· inp- aud unit i u~ the wo!'Linf! cl.11.:s, and !>hatpenm@: it!> dA!-11 ron!<i(·U~ne:•:- tu the point of action forth~ m·erthrow of Capitalitm. So are the main poinlf. of ;\1an::'• th~i!- prO\'en true. \\'t' American Soc.·ia li!>l!o hnt had ..o linle to do "' itII t>h3pinf! tht' course- of "*·orkinp: cla!>!o action, ah ;,t ""·i- find our~h·es Lal;en una"·arf' h"· t uch OemonsltatiollJI of "·orkinl! cia~~ m3~~ actio~ •~ the •triL:~ in 5eaule. and t11~ f!Cnernl uriJ,;t' in Canada. After all. the!>e 11lril~. ~o~o· t.id, Lc~an I t- demand! for imrnediat~ and tempofaJ')' 11!-irw., de,·cloped • revo- lutionar,· character. in thkt. for a lihort lime. tMy tli.spload tht> capil4li.Jt poliricol 801-'trnmetU by al ~ot·cmmcnl o,lthtir a:,·n. This characteristic of thr Suttle 1trike, and more particularly of the Canadian tUike, mu•t .be em· Open Air MASS MEETING 'To Dem•nd "Hulda Off Ruaaial" To be Hold at Secoad /he. aad T •th St.; Friday EY~~aiDw, J - ltb. The f ollowing speak ers will addrus lhe Meeting : J ohn Reed, Rose Pastor Stokes, Jim Larkin, Dr. Morris Zucker·. Joseph Brodsky, Chairman. Auspices 8th A. D., Sociali~t Party. COME IN MASSES! LEFT YIING PICNIC Saaclay, Au..,at %4th, 'ltll, at HOFFMAN'S PARK, Eut""' Boaloftrd aad Fart S<l111ylw Road, Weatcbea-, B - N.Y. Oriental Dances by Miss Katayama and Troupe. Other attractions to be announced later. A Red Picnic-A Great Time-For a Red Causre. Men. 'Nomen and Children of the \\'orking Clan. Come and enjoy yourselvul . ~ Picnic starts 10 A. M. Arnnged by the Left WinJ Memben of the Bronx. A.......... SSe. on !...,.y, Jaae ltb, lilt, c...•·· c,_. at HiDo Put., "••-. L I. c- locket. !Sc: iD • " " ' - 2ec AI tbe pte, Take M y rtle AYrnl,le " L " t o \\'yckofJ Avenue and transfer to Cypress Hills car. C.te AI It A. M. c-u.·.._... ••"-75- · u..... •' \ to ~e held at Eaotem Boul..anl Park: w.,tcheoter, Fort Schuyler (former Hoff· man Park). · T"oelteto•la•.._,ZSc:•ttbe .....Jic. The Communist Book Department Til< c-.w. ..... a11 memben .r lho Lert WiD!! 1o .w.. 1 - - . ........., ..;.. Book Deportme~~L from time to lime '"'ahaU publiah boob ud _.,w..o· of . . , . . _ .. reYolutioowy SocioliD. . A NAw Lett. .. tbe ~ llyN. I.-Ill Prioo, 5 - llomoiJoa, 10 lo 100, '~Lou or-~ 100, ......,W . - · w..-,.., ._ _. &-eltbellaft' - - · · : · HELP THE lat A. D. REFURNuH ' ITS HEADQUARTERS 'tVTHEN .t}\~ furn iture wu stolen from W the headquarters of the ht A. D. th:: members found themttlvu confront.. ed with the taak of rebuitdinr, reorp.o· izing and at the umt time contiouinr their pr'oJ)apnda. · Will 6.a _ . . . . 0... . Dollar -a to . . . --bollo tbio Yitally - . y wpaiutioa 1 Address All. Communication~ to HARRY M. WINITSKY, Grant1 Pic·t\ic S ......y, - ' - ltlo, ltlt To celebrate the Tenth ADDi•er•ry of the Esthonta.n Socialist weekly, . · Prloo. 1 0 - a-u.. 7~ - .. .,.N. ...... T• Do.,. '11at ._.. tbe W..W. • • • • . Jolu. Roed'a Soorr of lho. BolaMrik "->1- A-.11 Eliliia. Spacial Prioo 10 c-radoa wloo urdorllarotti~ Tu eo-.nair ..... Dopoot..& ,,.p,.,..,-, AY_ol ............ .,.._...._, •• .• Olc:ial ~ or lho R. .iu Soiloc C o - t 011 .U Actlritioa ad ~ ol lho Proi<Uriu RepubUc from No...- 71h, }217, to llooaopW, 191L Aloooot tOI' J>080L Papa ..... Prioo 11. spacW R-. r.. op.o~& s-1 all ............... Gltlow, ............. NO. v.n CiiJ. . , ,.,!, c-.ur..., ............ ,. �Tbe New York Coww'""'"'t The Pink Terror VI. Unrettricted Submarine Warfare in the I at A. D. "'A ,,J lo U caf'M lo poJJ lAnl rlu bt:ll~ of ~ trcuutr ~uor~ u'f'rr pincht'd u&Jh hwt«tr-" f'J"'H£ Plunderbund of l...oc.l j_ Nrw York f.JI'ICutive Comm1t1~ &tared 111 one llnother in cun!tem•· \\hal had Uu~~· done? True. they bad aecn rnpli ~h~ t.hrir amLition, the Socialist Pan~· in Local :\rto· Y ur~ ~· n!o pur~rd-nine-tentlu o£ the ttJt~r, haJ b«n npdled or &u!>pended, and almO?t ever~· lkanch had been reorganUed vut of n:i!ltence. 1100. But. th~· ,.t>Jdenly d ;.._~overcd•• they h1d k.illod the jr:uo~ 1h111 bid the ~oldes. ,. ~g'! J'\o more mem· bCr-no more duM "'"m Jl!l ~ f,o more dues lilamps -no mort !oft jolt•: l"o more llrancbes--no more t~~·dl - pai tl lrctureo for the Inner Circle ! r\o more memlM-n h•p-and the Par1~· •·Je..:ler~" would have to male a h\'in~ out of the Labor Party! Of c:our~ the ~rmi -Lomr ades didn't miud 1/wu; hal after 111. the- J..~~ Lor Pan~· "'' &!> a Lird in the bush, and there "' ould he compet ition for the job11. . . . A fluom\ ,. liene-e fdl. broken on l ~· b)' an occa· •ion31 du- L.m~ "ound &!I ,;orne Semi.Comrade tighten in~ hL"' hdt anot1ter hole. The Chirf lhrh l'ro J,.t:trian turned the paFt'!l of h i~ Uranc-h fltrn-tMy. ''Thro~· ·\·e all been reor~an· izt'd."' hro multc-red. dolrfulh·. ..Or at lea!ll we've ~nr our leuen '"'·itiutz rhein lo a n or ganization mectm ~;. " ' "lJut l!o"'· aht•Ut the Party propert~· ?" tiled Me\t'.. Lf,,J.) n·!l- heuter.ant , " 'ith a f'park of hope ''11tr Lt:'ft \\ m !-!eh kept mo!it of it." responded the Chirf Jli~h Prolet:~rian . ~ilence a~ain fel l. Tiu· Proft.....~oo r of H ou~ho ld l:.conomy at the Rand School cleared h i~ throat. '"Er-dtdn't "'·e--1hot i5 to MY. !lome of us-remo,·r the furnit:_or-~ ,;,e i 7lh A. D.·~ "' he •~l1 :1 hnoJIBndy. Th~r-proceed~" The Con~tC''-' ntan',. lieutenant &05"'-"t'red hanhly, " \J."r drpo.. itrd thr t'a~h in t1u~ r.amt' bAnk "'·ith MrHr l..undou't- Compntpl fund." He fli cked a 1duct .mote from hi' nt'"'· trou!'-fn. "'\\ell." t.aid the Prof~cor ~f HouPoehold Eco· nom''· ··"'·e·H ~ol to rai'e funds from tome"·herc." Tht-re ""ll" n f!eneT!ll gto"'·l uf a,p.ent. " Arn1't llterr an~· Bran ch~ "'ith Food furniture not yt1 re-organized ?" uked .ameooe. ::C",.. Thr Chief HiFh Proletarian turnt"d the v-g~ of hi! book. ·:ne,. U lhe ht A. D.. " he .aid.. "But I've alre~~d y N'nt lt1ten out calling for a re--or@'a.nization mf'"ding tomorrow. n .wnday, M.ay 20th. Wt can 't tale action until we aee ho'f\... lhe Branch hehan~!l. I have hopes that most o~e members "·ill be with u.& . . . .." "0 pouh:" re~yonded the Con~man'A ht:'neb· mllfl.. " Don't p:t &entimental. TI1e rank. a.nd file is all Left Wing. and musl be expelled. ii we're ~oiof!: to ha'e a deeent Part}·. Don't worT')' c.bout we~ pruent Mitchell Loeb. leader or the raid; Uventha l, Miller and Need.Jeman-tbe ooly th..roe Right Winger• in the ht A. D.-and two utter ruu.ngen, - ·ho came along becau.e they kDn.- bow to u~ brass kuuclles.. An Aid~ bc:i.f18 ~ &ar)·, Ch11rney Vladel. wu called in for adriotAhout 8 A. ~f. they approached oumher 1.80 Henr\· Stroet, and miling deaf.and-dwn.b •ipa.ls to Schridemann'r. forma coachman , who wu pre. en! "';iL 11 movi~~ van, they lotole up the st.epe of 1he ht A. D. headqua.rten. thnn." At a concerted signal lhey burlt in at the aide !'\ow ·ur 1pake Aid~ Caiman, who, I'l l the door. The H ou~ Cbairmnn, Comrade Furman, Pioneer Furniture-Snatcher of lhe SociaiUt Party, "·ho hnppened to be in the b a ll, manifeated a mild \1\" A~ Ji..tnJcd to with f!ft:.'lt re~p«J. upon lhis !!Uhjeet. objecti?n to the proceeding!. Mit.cht-11 Loeb ICi.ud "Tht police force i~ \'t~· bu!>'" ,:nthering e\·idence h im by the throat, and uid that if be made any .._ agairuJI the Left "\1/in~en for the Ui~t.rict Auorney." jection, he would be black-jaded. Loeb atill furhe blliJ . '"And I would prefa lha t we do not di-5- the r intimidated the Jlou.5e Chairman by threaten· ing to "call th~ ("Op6 and have him loc!ed up." turb them.'' \ "II i~o not ner~un·." remarked the P~O\Wr of Then tJ~e y began to carry o fT the furniture. Houschf,Jd Econom\·.' ..The ..arne rt::!iu lts can be ob. TI1ey tooL: ~w:r~'\hing, including the pi.ano, eat tained if "''" F'iH' ir;lf'n 'ie"'·s to the reporten of the do"·n the chn n d~lien a nd broke the elect.dc wiree, and. th~n broL:.r up or torr. in pieca all nbjecta shed. " ·hich the)· did not think \1\0rth while t.a.kjng. ~··a) m~: \" u· ton· Arch.'" ht rfied. " By the \\'ar TI1t> furn it ure bel on,;ing the Y. P . 5. L c ircle Sn ,i n~ St nmp~ and t"'·o \'tr ior )' LoA.n~ 1 ' "''ear thnt they l eft-hec au~ . after 1'1 11, Semi-Comrade Spec1 11 m 111fraid of nothmg- that i~. almMt nolhinf!:. tot i!ltrvine- to soft·~ap the Yipvls. and it wouldn't But I think tha t r.omeone el~ &hould do the joL dn to offend them at thi, l!ltap:e of the ~a.me. Tite\· Mil-o left t"''O other objec~ne a p ir:tunt thi~ time. I'll ~i\·c ~·ou the tel~ph one number of a Tumman\' uur k..d.rh·er "'·ho ur..td to dr ive of Karl _LicLln~ht and RoY Lu:~emLur~. and the Sc-heidemann'• · carriage "'·hm lu~ \"i!oited "e"'' other a p lacard inacriW. "froe All Political PrU. onrn~" V. hen uked why they had overlooked York. " ""\Hu1t's the market ·p rir..c on ..econd-haoJ fumi· thet.e thin ~ . one of the bandit!. replied, " A"'·· ~ lure do..-n in \'our "' ' rd. Aldrrman?" ll'ked the o nl ~· took Socioll.st property. . . :·• That · tvenin~ at ti.% a con\'irial party or. Chirf Hir;!h Prl.. l~tarian . Tite Sncin li!tl le~islator Jjd ....:..ne rapid fi~rinf! . ..., e!limate that the l .u " prominent Soc i a l ~t leaden" wu ..een mo.k.ing A. U. furniture ou~ht to br ing in enou~h f or crul · tnern· at a taLie in the Rand School Cafeteria. The ler!l a nd coffer all around in the Cafeteria down· board poaned willl pilo of ahreddod wheat., &11d foamin~ f1a ~on!l of Poetum. . . . ~tair..,-· he rtplied. But ot the re·or~aniz.ation meding of the lat T h,. nul mornin~ u lillie ~oup uf Semi-Com· A. D. on I)· three memben &ho,..·ed ·up, looking o· rades. led by ~t i tdtt'll Loeh. filtd do""' lhrou,:.h the Ea.!lt Sid!!. Gre11t !<'If-control "'"II!' nt.-eded to or& tremeh· nervou&; ooe of Uu~!!C h11d ""er attended v~nt the !>turd~ lillie Land from diHu,iting a1 ihey a m~fing of h~ Brn.nc:h 1incc Morris Hillquir wu pl'l!!,.et.l eac;h bilker,·, but con!oCious of their raL"olu· a &ma ll boy. And .,meanwhile, in their m-.ph' bead· quarten. ooe. hundred and fihy membe.n of the 111 tionat")· mission. they ach ie-n·d it. ALout 8 A. ~1. the con!<piraton gathered in the A.. D., who refUMid to be re-organiud, met in reru· f orword olioe to plan out their compaigu. Tb~ larMMion.. ca~lt~~~~: !r:r~-th;~:~~,f~tJ:nuB;;e;tJ::~::l A~ The Communist rParty of Lettonia TJ By 0. PreediD at a ~ cret meeting in H1ga on June 7, I<)O..t. The ddC"¥atl"... to t1us nu~rting "'·ere srnt by differ · ent S()(" lnl,!ot ,-uurno 11nd r~p r~ted about 2.500 ~« rdl~ orp-.lllltt!d m~ mlloC'n in difJerf'nt.parl! of the Bahir l' ro,·inc,..,, Tht: ne"' part\· \1\"4.!1 named. the Lett id1 Social Uemocratic Labor Party. A" is f':t. }J t ~M:Ll in the name Lettish . tJ,e Pnrty "'"U or,anlud 011 11 ntttiona l ha~i !'. At that timf' tl1t quei'IIOn of national or ~ani.tation "'"1:!1 one of the mo~t debattd qu ~tion:o aryon~ the Sociali!'t!l of Rul>."itt. The J r."';~h Socialist I any, "Bund", split a"'·;t,· from the ~ocial Oemocratir LAbor Parh• of Rus~i3 l~au!o(" its " national principl<""wa.,. noi re· topected b" nil th~ othrr f!TOUps. The Dol~he,· iki u " ·el l M thr Menshr,·il..i reroF.ni1ed only the territor · ial bMis of or Faniz.ation. Ahhoup::h our Party wu orFaniznl a~ 11 national •lans uap:e 1 orp::aniz.ation, we d id not acttpt t11e ,.o-called " national principle of or~anWtiqn," but were led to this docitioo by ~rely practical con~ideratioD&. In all centeri ~f Leuonia comparatively ttrong ~oups of otlla nationalititJ~~ were already in the field. The Bund wu Ye!'J Ktive a.mons the Jr:wUh - worlen, Bollh~ and Mauhcwik.i were M:tift amtin~ the sunered Ru.isna. It wu impo.ible lo unit.: all the.e ~oup& ie one territorial orsaniu· l ion, and a• a rault there- pew up diaunited and rival £actiON all over Ru.iL Our oew Party had at t.hf: hef:innin~ only a few able worken to . . . the ~i~antic t.uk or coovertins the Lattia.b pro)..... iat to Soci.alilrn, and thit \' ir~in field eontumed al1 our energy; and il waa chiefty for thia reason that " 'e remained for the time beins u a national or· sana.ution. The Pany did not collMCt itaell 4 cially with any other Socialiat poopa. bal the local or!anization• w-ere a1lowed to co-operate wilh all Social Democ.ratic poup. woJk.ia« iD their t.u· Jitorv. I£ 6nt l..etti.!!h PilTf1· "'·ae or~anized. Alw a obcvt time. by ....,.BO'ic odueatioa oad or· ~aaiu.Lion work ow Party saioed the coa6dence of the wodting rnu.e.. and thua it wu euy to form the ..federation ComnUuea" - local repJ1IIiiDt.l,li" bodiea from all Social Dem.ocratic poupe.. Ia the •uaity Coop_." in St.oc&ltolm iD the early 'PriDe o/1906 all r-.;.....r the Social Dtoaoerati< poupo in Ru~iia formed one united part):. The Lettilb Soc ial l.Jemocratic Party accrpted t11e im'ilation to M:nd f ra ll:msl drJe@'Hte> \1\"ith ill5t'\-uctiOns tO Wo,rJr: out vlans for joining tbe Social Democratic Party of Ru,.~ia . At thf" third conf!;re& of thf' Lettish Social Dem~ c ratir Labor Pan\· it "'"a!l un&nimoush · decided to join thr Social lhmocr3tic Labor Pariy of Ruu iL lmmediateh · aft"':r"'·ard~ ull the other Socia l Democ ratic ~oujH• workin~ in Leetonia joined our Party an.d " 'e rf'·formt d it on a territoria l basi, under the new name of Th~ Social Uemocracv of Lettonilll. In it~ program the Socia l Ormocuc'y of Lettonia difTerf'"d from the p:ent!'i\l party only in one import· ant point-the ~-call~ •,-ra.r ian program "'·hich our PaM)" refuM:d to .I!IC"Ct'pt. After this refUYl we were p:ranted full autonomy on thi!l quC!tion, in view of tht- different de\·el opmenLJ in the 88f&riaD Exiled Br Loum AU tl.y /..U, I" • tU-. AU nip~/._ labilur•f"Y· I BaTAJ<T eitu&l.ion in our proviooea. At prac.ut the Social Democracy of l...et1onia i.. an integral party of the Communist Party of Ruuia cd ia now called the Communist Party or Leu.onia... During ill f1ftcen yean of eriatence the Com· ~"~~~tti~:S~Y lnf :::6r: ~~~. ':.~ :=oru: though the Party WMs oal y a year old. we wtte more auceeu ful in the actual I'C'Yolutioa.ary 6gb.t than any other orsaniution. The atrong rnaa:3 monment wu in full control if, our provinr.e!l under the undivid«l leadeuhip of .the Party. .#J'e did not organize Soviet.J at d..at tim~ 8.!i w._, done in Pttrograd. Moscow and many otha cities in Ru!tia hecawc our Party wu a!ready the rt'\•olutionary Soviet. R~Cogniz:ed by all the work· era in the Bailie ProriDces. Ia the Cl)ll.Dtrv town. ahip8 (\•olost!J rr"o'olutioauy ..Eueut.i"ve Commit. tees" wert orsaniz.ed by the Party to take 1M: place or the local i.ottitutiona of the Cur &Dd ·the German ju.nken, wbo were th~ main J_a.ndowncn in ow prOT· - After the failure of the ten)lut:ion the Cur'a armies smashed enrnhinr; we had built up. EYer"}' road~ide. ran with the blood or e%CIC1Ited J"e11'olution· iata. hundreds or Lettiab peu.anta• bo!DCII 1ftft burn. ed to the proUDd ud en:ry repraai.-e mea.ure that Caarill braiD& could cooceint wu inat.italed... BQ1 ~ned~E= :c.:·~e:r,,a;t:.;:;-:u:-;: inA the wildest ergiee of eutCUtioa our Party ~ tinued with it• Worlt.. u.Reta beaded "'The rnola· tioa it Lilled-;.onr; lint the rwvolulioa!" Co'la'ed t1oe poob oa enry palhway. In the ouly momi"ff. tho - . , ; . ol ~ "'•olutio.W.. ....Wiy took piece, ell .,... tho land could be board the CTia o1 our Coa:radoa u the): were Mol down : ..l..ons lite tbe Rew-olutioD I Lon~ live Socialiun!" And t1.c.::e bst me.Mp •* Hum o-u dyins Comrade~ Jrel'e Dot farpUCD by th~ wbo remaiDed oo the job. II So.;., Ruaia baa aow left opea roMl:f" the Baltic Sea, one openi.Dc ill the loa.« liDe fr,.a the Block Sea to the far aortlo, t'- iloe ud doe world rnolotioe 1llDIIl thank tbe IIDCOIIIpro~ inouumt wor\ ol tho Commoaiot Party ol ........._._ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New York Communist, 1919-06-07 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- Periodicals. Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-06-07 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .N35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-NewYorkCommunist_v01n08_19190607 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-13 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v01n08 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 8 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States New York Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Forty Thousand Expelled by Seven Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. New York Communist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/461f9cd43e5ceb48e152cd9ba0b2f44f.pdf be0fc70d107cbeb2b2d4cad8480e0c11 PDF Text Text ) 75he New York •i COM .M UNIST·I Bourgeois Dictatorship B OliRGEOIS dictaton;hip in Local New York! Is it poto..~iLi r? Bo urgeo is in the Sociali!t Party? Kon~nK! Comrade:>, Lill'!'T thuuf h the pill m&)' be. we m u.<.t 1wa llt•"'' it. Is the Bourgeois Uictatonhip in Local f"e-. York a mu!>l1room f!T0 \\1h '! \\a ~ it 6<:1 UJ\ reo aoutly to f•pht thC' re\•o lutirmaq· dernenl5 in the ~ o. C'la l i<:t l'n rt~· . o r ha!l' it been den !lo ped for year!, onl ~· to npJttar m true cok.rs in a !>Ctiuu:. p nr1y rti.!>is? '\'01., fo r \'ear~ v.e ha\'t: h od a OictaiOt t:hip o f the Uuur~f'OI!- i~ .in Loc:;a l i\t"' York. Uut it.,...• ~ h idden . It V.' M ntmo uOllj;t'tl. pte:-f'nl Left \\ ing c ti!-b, h u w,.t·er, h a!: to m o fT the ,·eil. The han it' Ld"'·c:t=J! the · Lrh and H i~:ht for Part~· con· It (.! I J,a~ unm.:1~l.ed thp bourgt-ois d :rt ~ ton of Local T\r-k' York. HL•re. tP\erc i!' e dcadh para llel with the DictutorJ;Iup or'thl" llnurveoi~ie in •ocicty. \\'e ha n• a lk·aH hod R HourJ!.eoi! DicllitOhh ip in all ca p i tali~t Countrle-. m una rd ut!:" at- k'e ll a t- free ti'J • U) , )i~!' ; Lut it t oo~ o k orld ,k·or to mal,;e e,·j.Jent to the k·orkint: cla.w; the t"istenr e of bUch a dictator · t:hip. The k'tilrr u~ the term " Oictalor..hip of tl1e Bo!uf!!eoitoit:" not hcca uJ-~ ell thofo.e k'ho ore doing the cJirl<lting in Local \ e k· York Ldont: to the Do ur~eo i1 ie. M a n~ of them are k'orker!'. For that ma tter, man~• of tl10J.e \o\' ho 15uppte5!' the k'Otking ci A!l! are k'orJ,;ns. Heme mlter that ~o<abs, dJUES· flQiice. l':nd e;oldien are in the ,na in proletarian L~· Lirth a ud r;tatus ! The term "lJictoton.hip o r the Bour~~i s ie'' is tmplo~·ed bec:au"e the meth~ empJo,·cd b,• the · bureaucratic offic ialdom of Local l\r~· York, in ill< fittU@'f!'le l@'aimt the m.b!l of mem· bt-nh ip con!.lituting the Left \\'inc:;, ro-emLle, in man)' • ·an;, the me~ws employed by the bourS"'iiie in ita fi~t agai.nl!t the prolet.arial Elll"LLTMEI'fT Of' SHIBBOLETOS Call for a National Conf~rence of the Left Wina Cull /or a ,\·ot,ona.l Luni trrncr oJ tht lAJr ril'll oJ rhr AmrtJcon ~ueUJlut /'rUI}, i.uurJ b, il.o<-o.l IJos/on, rl~uu.u C. f uun.o, ~ttrlloryJ; L..o nl Lltlt· lond, ({.. 1.. Hutl.rnbn,., !lrcttlm JJ; orwl 1~ IA/1 ,,,., .' rtiWttJ 1>/ t hr ."o.·>Dii.u Porh' oi 1\rw: )'ork (.'''· (.llcu;:mltDn (.ohrn, Sr crrtw)J. 1 hr 1n lr m:11 i"n~l •i1Ua1icn and tllr erl.i• in the Amrncan ~~•h•l Put•: tor uboua;r t br panv huro IHit'rt.(') l1u rr.actn·td nn the rtntl~rney D•IIUnal i:on• l nlnm; the 1\. l l.. al,~t'llll~ uw JJ&ny with thf' IWCI.. I·p&t u uu .at l!C-rn'c, •uh tilt W r1p eu of thf' Grc ..t flrtra • al : lht Dt'f'-r,..itr ul t l"'Con.trurtina our ~l 1ry m &rl"f•rJ wnh rtH•Iutional") f'lotOi._-e.l l thia. .and mure. m .. L.,. it nff~l") that lhr rMolutionuy forrr-• in tl1t' Sul"Lall.i P.an) &<1 tot::nher for cou.nael , and I C'IIIIIl. T hit WI uo tht-rdurt la.lucd, for the bold.inr: of a r\.atinnal <.unft-re nrr of thr Lc.ft V.&q of Wr Ameri· c.an Sr>r• liat l'.any, to d'-cl.lll : l.-Tin~ ni•it in the paM), .and actioo thereon : lhe S:~i:!t.uf tllr P!I"Y fuf !bt- party, lor rnolutioo&ry ~.-Tllr ~rw .~~~~:aru::oh:,h~0= ~lfi:t~~ ~ie.caS.i~l:: alone i!. ~ponsi.ble. that the prolelaliat is unfit to rule. that the proletariat i& irrellpontible. and that \c: proletariat JD\111. be in the p-ip of boeaiam. The ) 'any Bureaucracv ha!' bloated Local New York'• leaden.. of rank Sodaliaa comprcmiae with the .de. that they alone are fit to rule. that they alone ec 1"'f"5ponti.ble. thut the m.a..t1 of the Party membert an: not to be t.r'USCed and unfit ~o rule, Lhat the mua of Partr ·memben are inespon.ible, and that the - . . of Pany memben mwl "" ;, lhe grip of 00.. iom. ' C mracJ.m. oar fif(bt is not apinlt the capital in u ttn indiVidual. Our hattie i.J aga.inlt the cond.i.· tiont.bretding the cariLMJist- the private Ok'Detllhip o£ 11e means of proriuction &nd u change. Corn· nd.., our 6~t i• not a gainat the P&rty bureaucr~t u IQ individual. Our ~attJ,. is attaiDit the ecndi· tioo• bn>odiJ>g lhe Party bw.ucra1- lhe poliey o! eoc.i• refO'Tillism. of Saci..liat eompromiae. l ntem.tliona..l ; -.av• and mnat to ptf'Ytnt tht pam alt:n!n~: iu.df w;lb thr •Jnt-rml· t:oni :- of tht K>CJ.al·paulut.a. of Lht- [btn-Schtldt· m.ann ,:an~•ltra. .and the wavrrln~; . aalrt: a!iliation ,.·ith tbt lk..labCTik·Sput&CIJI Ccunmunif.t Intern•· tiona..l aJ.rnr. 3.- Tbc fonuubtion of a declaration of principle. and purpo.n of a n.ational .eupe of t..be Ldt \\ ia& of t.he Amtrican Soci.alltt Panr. · 4.-ForminJ .OilH' .on of • oational c:oundl or burr..au of the Lth for propap.nda, llleCilJ'iD& PARTY DUR&AUCIUTS Al'fO CA"ITAUSTS The Dictat or~hip of the Par1y Bureaucracy in Local !'\e•· York rcs.ereblea the Dictator!rlhip of the Bourr;eo ~ ie in capiwli!l •ociety, hut, in the &en&e that u.e exil'l tence pf hoth depends~pon the J>C!• petu:.tion of ,pre6ent condition!'. With the death of the capita lil't ~~·~tern of production, through a Pro· lel3rinn Dictatonhip. comf$ the death of the Bour· . Eeoi~ ie a' . a ruling cia!! . With the death of "Moderate Sociali!-m," Right U'ingism, in Local r\ek' York. through a victur; of the Left \\'ikg or· ganiution, cotn~ the extinction of the Party bureaucracy. Without ~epitalist &OCiety, the bour· tteois ~oes to the scrap heap. Without the con· tinuance or ' the present refonn tactics, the Local J'e"'· York bureaucrat foes to the ~~Crap hea~. ln a real Socialist lCommunist J eoci~. the bourgeois "'·i~l have to go to work in order to live. In a real Socialist Pany, the bureaucrat will have to go to work in or~er to live. lknor&nce of the Proletariat is the food upoo "hiCh capitalist rule thrives. Ignorance of the ma.N of the P:arty member~ it the food on which Socialist bureaucracy lhrivet. 'll)e OOurgcoisie. throu~ subsidizing and t•wning the educational institutions. make •:cure their dict.tor· r.hip by epreading falaitie! and ll0pori6ct amon~ ~e proleUri.an&. The Party bureaucracy, throuF 111 prh·ately owned ~d ~ontr?lled, i.n~titutions..of leamin~. makes ~«.ure ·It• d~eutorehtp by mum· forminl!i the m~-. or Party mcmben u to the acienec and philoeophy of. Sociali.Jm. • ID We now come lo the tJCCond dement common to lhe lJictatonhip of the Bour~:co i !oie and to the Part~· Uurra ur r ac~·. I lut\e in ' mind the employ· ment ·of ~ i LOOicths •hich blind the worktn by the-ir dllUiins brillianq. · When the bour(!eoi•ie is conhont~ by tht work· n.e t Price 5 ~ta New York, Saturday, May 31, 1919 Vol I, No.7 uf inform.~tioa wan, ud eprudina i.olonnation. 5.- To npreu and dnw to1ethe:r t.ht rnolutioo.ary forca in tht p.IM) ; to c.onaidcr other meua of fur· therinJ the C&UM' of rnulutKtD&r,. Sod aliam. Tbit c.all lt iuucd to' loc.at. of lht: Socia..lill Pany, br.ancbCI and U.h '1\'inr: c rouP' witbih tbt p.a.rty. ~::t t:f J:~ ~t:',.i;f=t~ :;o,h~i~l:'·~·~ !'f',br:t~ da..lill Pat:fy of Cruter ~tw ) 'or*. ~It " inlt 1~1• an- i~~rittd to arnd ddea,11e. of. fict.ally. \1, ben: • JQC&) olicia..lly rt.flilft to partici· p.ale, branc::he. or minority lfOUpa in t.bt par1f •c::· ~rtina tDe principle. of t.b~ Ldc \\· ~q ebouJd arod dr~e«aca. Rtprnentali..,D--Oae df'lecatt for nwy 500 mnn· ben. No Joc.a..l or pvop abould ttDd more than fo-ur ddtple.. Local• or minority poup~ with leu t.hu 500 memben are rntitJtd to one ddepte. . The eonlertnu will be htld al&rlinc Saturday, Junto 2L in r\rw York City F.ac::b dekcate wi1J be land US lo~ a cctral fuod. out ol wbida will be paid the npeuea of all ddtcata. Lt/1 Fitt.« lAul.t f&IWl B'•ru:lau, aa! SnJ Ut~t· .Wru:icuoru to MtuinoiUiut Co/we., 4J Fut 29111 S1, Nn~~ Yorlr Citr. en' demand for a largrr ah.are of the produru, Local N~ Y. Party bureaucr.cy yelpe from .abo.,: ..UD.ity Unity! At thi• time above all, ~.mity! l:.d. .. a united front agaimt the commoo eoeD:ry! Ld • relhcr fighl capil&liun llwl 6ghl eoch other! tbe Pany orga.niutioo!" The proleta.riam who become '•pok.elmta fw their du$ are brapded by the Bourpoia;e u trU. toNI, rorei~ agent&, yellow dOp. apiet, llDd Bol· hhe\·iU. ?:iThei.n&ur~~>t! epcak.in8 for the rnolti:Ds """.. of rt y memben:hip are br&Dded hy the leaden of Rip:ht a.s agenlA provoat.car., di. b.a.,.; s... ru~~';i~: c~c;:::c:-tei:rken are claaKooK ioub enougf1 ' to t!'AtahiUh a· Prolet.arian Dictator· he~; in the upropriatioo of the bourpoia.ie · a nd the Luilding of the Communi• ord~. The the capitalisls and their intellectual 1ycophant1 .bed lear•. They pl.. d for dcrnoc:nc:r! They yelp! ..Sa,·e democracy! Gi\·e every ooe i. cbaDce 10 tdccide the kind of government be w&Dll. ' Vote! \\'e donlt bdie\'t in 11 dictatonhip or clut! We "'·ant no clab rule! We' de~pilc vi9lmce! We are all memben of God~ human family! ._'lay looL. for new ro1dJ of freedom when we hue a Congrb!o, a Constitution. court& cf ju.ttice. a Prai· dent, and lhe bollo1 ? V.l>r nol employ lhe "'l"lc channel" o£ 'go,·emmeot to auain )'OPH ~~:oal ?" time C'Orr.es k'hen the mau of Party membat h. come clear·he.tded and aclr-c:ooaciou eaou,sb to t. ayNeDlllticatly united. tJw ia, orsani.&ed (or tJ:. realization of tht>ir will to revoluti~n.i.Ee tbe Patty. ·Then 1he Righi Win~ ph.olans, oceompuied by a horde o£ !ying and ignorant alucatora. hura. anathemu. From the hoJJid.Oj,s they lhout: ...Why nol uoe lhe rogular Pany c\rii11D<It? ' Why baild a :&late within a lll.ate'-u~ orsuiutioo wUhiD organiz.ation ? We have conve~~~tioaa! W'e ha,. national. elate. city ceotral aDd eucatift eoa:uait· tfD! \lie have BrancJi meetinp! Vote! I>ilca.b Let ever; one have a ri«bt to ' hia opiDi<lol Be tolerant! Be fair! Be juat! Bo dtmocnlict We are comrade. after all!" In t.be her-doy of boorpu ~ doe tyrannr of the e~pitalitt clut is veiled by parli. menury form,, Behind theac: parli•mentary forw, ie hit.lden the Dictatonhip of the Bourpoi.tie. Tbe adm.ini., trative MICtion o( tbe flO~ dae ~ inet. is nothing leu 'than tbe u.ecuti'l"e commiaee 1: ')f ·the c.apiLAli.bt ciUI. Bourpoie coatrol o( propmy and the metn.s of life it JiYeb cmd.irid.d al· tention and cumplete protection. Proletariaa u. ditJmrraochiN-.d! Their vote~ ue either comapled: or deetroyed. And em.inent peraooaliO. "f'ic 1rida each olher in dopms lhe workins eJ. . with toelol oucotica! The proa, the pulpiJ., aDd tbe l~w...,. u a DeW holy triu.ity to club tbe w~ i:lllo •hip. and .a, n. ipora.ooe. y,., ;, lhe bey-doy of Party clomodocy. ill doe bey.doy of lhe we of ~lar Party c:hoaDola. lJo.. iem ICI"VC. aa the lubricant of the P&rt'J' ~­ Behind 1he r~lar demOc:ralic: Pany .,....,.. . duro, and legolily bicleo t.be Dieui~.P o! 1M Pany Bwuuer.u:y. W i - the , bip-baDclrd, wboleule ••n:-orsuU:atio'o"-ia ,..lify, ~ -of Local N.,... York by ill .....,W ts-ti'" C... mittee! aame U:eeotift CollliDiaee. er....t: by the f..eotul CoJDJIUttee. izule6Aitely adioana d. DW.Idin8l of the Ca:ttril Comm.ictee. Tfte tu.t-1 comminee~ and o5cen are pan utd: plftl8l J die Party &rcauer.cy. Our Soc:iaU., &a:rea.::ncy1 cootrol• all Party pro~ ud all o...- of propeo8..,r1a and odueatioo. Tltc Call, Tltc To.-.. -.1 the Rand School are .,ri'f'llely owaed aDd c.at-.trolled rmterprita. n,e u.aurtn &Del 1 - tl moet Branch~ &,fe eit.hc.- pU1 of the &a:rea.::ncy or its .uJ.er-vieat asenta. 1be Socialiat Ba.r.eracy tr:ivca ill undh·ided aueatioa to derit.iAa ..,.. and ~I&DJ of m.Uios .mOll -ure ill bold 01i dootc. mea.oi of Pany life. Comrada are cl-.rruc::I:U.ed unconllitutioaally I WitneY the cue o( &be Jewilla Downtown Branch: of the 17th A. D.; dae 6lJW A D. : of the f'f'oOrranU.aioo of Loc.a:l New YOIL Voles are doc:lared void on the III"D&&lelt tchaieality, and UPJC. corfti<'tir1g inttfucliont are ~ ~~ rderendUJDJ a;e blocked"'ur ubot.qecl. Our ~ leaden •ie with cacb other ...,.Wtios" Braadrilao.t il uyo : "We, lhe r:.opilalitu, ha"' buill up lhe indu.tries throu8h many yean of hard, De~ nw rackins labor. Jf it were not for oar brain. there would be no lar!e ic.ale productioa and 6:iency. We gin~ you waga and thu1 keep you aliT"D. U it were not for Ul, you would alaln"'C." Wbc:o the P.ny bureaucrats are confronted by a de:rru.nd of tbe.,.... of .......ber.hip lor a larp .bare of Pany wer, 'they uy : ... Wet the leaden. the olkiale. ve built up the Pany lbrou~Sh n:any yean of hard work. If it were oot. for oor Mill and ekimcy, there would be DO SOeiali.Jt Party. \\'e made the Party and you .boul~ ~· thank.Iul to ua... Should t.bere bo ~a.osft of tbe proletariat bocomins clu.conxiouJ.. th• a palraotir. l'e'\iwal U. etarted-. war ill declared. 'The bourgoois thea prates' of hit frienthhip for the poor workingman. of hi• ..crifice foz U:e faU~rland, and of dtfcmc · of country. He criCI : ...Labor mwot do itA tbaro. Save. the countrr! . lAbor u,J capiLal mn~l pf'CIC.Dl a un11t:d front agamat toe CODllt\On enem)'. l'!'lil)' ! Unit)' ! Let us h:&ve u.nity !" Sbo.Jid \here be a dan(l"l' of lhe ..,... of tbe Parry ..-bon booomiari wielrli•1 their "inO.-.." .......,;1..1,. · aelf-oofYcioUI, thm campaip for bu.iJ~ rri.nl· 1DN8 of ..-nbenhip is p;i\'- aucia ........... iDs pl...u, ..,d r1r:r- fundt are ... II"~ The (Co"'Wre4 o• pop 6.) r. · or n. ,. �z The New York Communiat &'HI New York COMMUNiST 016c:ial o....., of tbo Left w ..... Soclalut Partr s.eu-. Owaed aad CootroUed b,. 1..-.1 C...tor New Yoril Edilor Jou" REED . Auocink Edilor LUUIO:"f~ MACALPII'ft • M.uiMIUA... Courl"f • BwWu ltfaMStr Edilori.al 8txUJ N. L Hol!IIWlCH M. Zuaa B. D. WoLFE J. W~UP<~:no I · Publiahed Enoy Week. "'' .. SUBSCRIPTION RATES I Yur - ------------------r----$3.00 6 Month• •••••••••••••••••••••• 1.50 3 Month• - - -------------------- .75 Sin«l~ Copi<1, 5 Cen1a Bundle Orden of 10 or onr, 30 Ceu1.1 a Copy. 43 Weot ztlh Street - - - New York City T Murderen of the People Ht reporttd recott:nition of the om~ Go\'UO• crnment under the d•ctat,,r Kolchak h)· the Go\"ernmcnt~ u£ f::n~ l and, Frantt, Italy and the l 'nited Stn t~ fminsly caps the h ~· pocrisy, douhl&de.1tfhg and treachtr)' ~· hich has characterized the Jt::~. of go,·ernm~nts tbou..aoch of worken and pe.!Nnb withoul trial: Kolchak, who!e Hdealh train" of Bol.hevik pri• onen U the horror of the \-\·hole world; Kolchak, - ·ho iA repudiated by all liberty-loving meo the world Qve:r, whatevfT their politM:-.1 opiniona. Toda)' the upitalist preea it s....--re.aming esuhant· ly that the hanered and atarvint( armiea of the Prol~arian Republic are bt:ing pu~ohf'd back on 111 fronb. Already in their co lumns is br~innins to appear the fu:ree fote!ohadowing note of lhe great He\·enge. Jf Capitalist lmperialil!m wina in Rut· Chicag,f'May 26, :19. Comrade Cohen: Thanks for your good letter. I expect the Ri~;ht Wing to lry the ume tactics national!)• ~ l ocally in i'\ew York. Wrber i1 here helping to steer the game. But the)· are losing and · they k.no ~ il- hen-:e their panicky aclion•. The ra~·er the~· go, the h arder they y,•jJI fall. lla.\'e no fear " 'hnte,·cr of the final outcome.-.. \\e AJe .Jurr to u·in. 1\"inet-y per cc.nl of the pref!C"dt membenhip wanu HevolutiOnary So-ciaiWn. So &it tight. Keep your membership intact. Let no one .I'JUit. Let nol a Ji11gle member or Branch ~· ithdraw from the Port~· \·oluntarily. Wait till thf'y are upelled. Slick. Help u.s "'·ith the national f1~hL It will ral..e three month~. but the Red rT"int. Don't let anyone talk •plit. This Party is Ours and we are so. 1 ing to pro.ve it. Yours in Revolt, L £.. KArrmn:U). •ia, there " ·ill follow a massacre that "'·ill make the [,er since So,·iet Ru,sia. by Revolution, brought do.,.· n in t !Jin!> the mipht or Hohenzullan ~rrna n )', the AWed Guw·rnmrnt,. ha,·e open lr u~umed the the iml~eri :di1-tir tn!>L or crushins hufl}An liberty irr the "'·orld. _!>e, erel~· rcpro.~inp the, Of.lJlO~ition at home. the Go,ernmer1L• of Eneland. Franc-e, ltttly, Japan and the L'nited St<ttb h~u·e in!'i!'ted ll-at the Gcnh..&n 11nJ Austria11 re,·olution!l .JJall not be , 0 • ci41 rtvolution~. and h:u·e lUll troop~ to attack the punishment of the Paris Commun~ look like a pic· nic. The capilnli,.Ldnaa the world o'-er is licking iu lips in anticivation. h is the fault of the "..-arid's "'·orkin,: clua if 5o-' 'iet llut.!.ia l5 made a thamLI~ by the capitalist ~o,·emffient~- of the ' 'ictoriow Po"'·tta. h if. our f11uh if our Comrade!' in Europe are sirickcn down by the murderen of the people! Rwian So,·i<t fiepulolic. TI1e . Eurupean Cu,·ernments openly proclaim tllat tiJeir objt'\'l i!- to de~tro\" the ~u,·iet Co\'t rn · ment. and Uo lshe'l·it~m .,.. ith it. n~e l_;o,·ernmf'nt of th l dS d e nile talC'S. through it, muuth -piere, Woo · row \\ iJ!'on. e1prt!.~~ \" U~e humanit:arian phrases full of noLle 11ound, bu1 dar~ not tel l the truth about in,·a~ion in Hu5.!ia. ~ As a ntJ'I IICr or fac-t. the A..~iated Po~·er!' ha\'e been ("OttaFed, "'·ithout a declaration of ~·or, in murderinr "'·urken and peasant~ in co ld blood, in order to rn.air- tht! ~·orld Fo(e fur the blood~· rep:imr- uf cap· itaiUm. whir h h:1!- watertrl thr enrth ~·ith thr.: blood of the work in~ cia~~ for a hundred ~·Cfl.ts. and fin· i•hed up with the gi~antic holocaust of tb.e Grut \hr. Immediate(~· followinf! the: ProleLHt i11n Re\·olution, the eacu~ for ho~tilih· to"'·ard So,·iet Rusaia ·was that tlu~ ~rmam- wtte in control. The: United • tate. (P<)\'ernmenl !§urported thi1 ,·iew h)· the pub· licatiun of a teri~ of f ur~ed documents. "'·hich d~ eeivtd n o one. The fall of Imperial Germany com· pletel~· dntroyed thi& fahric:~t ion. Then it was "t,o ~ard military 11tores and protect the rear of the Tchdo:ho-S ioul1'"-the Judu na· .tion - and to "re~torr- Ia"'· and order·" The: Unite-d Statn Conmment dcliberateh· incited the peoples of the ~·orld •f:•inst So,•iet RUMia by pub· li•hiu~ an ''appeal to humanity" a~aimt t.he gTeatly ex~ated Hed Tt-rror-at the !lame time ignor· ing the horrible \\llite Ttrror of the Tchekho· ·Sionh in tht! \'ol~~~ \'alley, nnd of Mannttheim in Finland. Wjth phratt:1 about "jut;tiee" and ...elf-dctennin· ation" on their lip!i!. the l taiC!mcn of the capit, li-.t Po~·en tent armed lrOOII!' to •hoot down H•11·5i:m worken o~nd peaunt! defenrl!.n~ their own rrole"tarian ,OYernmcnt-the fi ut Go\·cmment nf lhe Ptople in the h h-tory of the . ...·orld. While i!!..'uing ~~~Yc:,~~~~~:n~..'d~~n:Ji!:~ ~~:o~~~e;o~7! ·~=i~ cbartu.: 5th Ruuian-Ukrainean of Ru.uian Fedcratioa; Dew Hun- 88th Ukraine-an of Ukninean Federation; r,.u ian Branch of Hungarian Federation. 8t',wun sMa rAou..um.d and lhirly·fivr lw.ndrrd ITU'mbrr.J of Locol Ntu.· }'prlc laaw no vo&cc nor Don't Leave the Party! to.,.·ard SoYid the capitaliSt Forrip1 BrGN:MI.-ht RuMia.n, 2d RUMiab, 2l..a. Vhaincan, 2d J .#•UiM.. 52d Lithuaniu.. iAhoo.Wa, Hungarian ( Yorkville), Sr-anith, German-Hunpr· ian, haliaz~ 2d A. D., Je.,iah 2d A. D Jewi.a!: 8&h A. D. The followins new Branch.. bo.. ._, ...Cuoocl The Still-Born City Convention th l~e St('e Executi\'e Cumntillee hu 4edare-d that e ity ommiuee exceeded its authorit y in calliug a City Conl"ention of t11e Par.y Branches of Cre:ater i\"e~· York. and declt.res that the CoO\·ention will be 'II 1 n · · · k h f f th 1 e1a · 15 »elton t!' In en to ..ave 1 e ace 0 e Ri~ t \\'in~en, "'·ho " 'ithdrew from the City Corn· miuec a!' suon a!! they di~eovered thnt the Ldt Wing h:~d a majority there. In the beginning the Right Wingen • ·en just u anxious to call the City Con· vent ion u the Left \\'inf(en. The Ri@hl Wing .till imap:ined that it had a majority amonp- the ·rank and file, and that the l..t:ft Wing Manifesto and Program could be dispMed of in the Con,·ention. But 110 "', the Hight 'Winp: knows that the majority of UOk &n Pa~ty affoiT.J. . The Stale E:u:cutive Comm.iuce i• ..reorsanizing"' the entire State, which meam, exvellins all Wt Wing LocaiRThe Firel Ruuian Branch hu been expelled from the Part)·, and the expubion hu hem eiadoned by theN. E. C. The Right Wing, on the CYe of countins the •ots of the referendum on Party ofrtciab. thut ditqUa!i. lies tl•e Lell Wing \'ot~. On the eve of the Emers· CDC)' 1'\.aiun•i Com·ention, called at the in.tance of U:ft Wing l..ocala, th; Ri~ht W.it•~ .takes action to prnent the ahondance of delegatee repre.to~tiD.A" the n st majority of the Party me.mberehip. Aher all the protests against tl1c .. illegality" of "an or~anizatin, within an organit..ation"; after the outcry that ..the Party Corutitution and by·lawa prol'ide adet"JU&Ie means for formulating new Party po licie-5 and tactic&'-th"e officialdom of the Farty deliberately violates it. own rules and itt own Con· •tit uti on. These are the methods of the capiL&Ilal. 'political democratic State. It profes.ea ..democracy" until t11e popular ma5&CS undertake lo exerc:i.e their pr~ rogati,·e; tl1en it calls in the Courta to interpret, or the police to •upprcu.. We, of the l..t:ft \1/ing, were right in refwins to trust our Party ..leasden". We of the Ldt Wing were rjght y,·hm we accwed them of not being SociJ.li.u.. Left w·mg Bogey By Nic.bolaa 1. Hoarwid:t The IUCCCil~ of the ..Left Wing" of the A.me:ri· can Socia)i,;t Party begin e'•idently to frighteD the official leaden of the Social Opportunista. From this fear •pring the ..radical me&rl.l.ree." to which indh·idual Party .. leaden" and thto Party machine rmort in their llru~lle again.-: the ...edj. tiow•· cfelhenu • ·ilhin the Party ·, from t.h.U f-· aprin- the haste with whoc ' h, fo-•'ng the el·=r- • ....__ ...... ing po~ibility of defeat at the Emergency ConYen· tiun, the)' expel from lhe Party or diM:redit the u,. dti"V'ftdent thinking memben, and even whole •Left wr;s:, ... The m~gnitude of the danger thrutm.in@: the dominating Right Wing can be judged, for ~ from the fact t11at ..L:ft Wing Sedition" hu reoelrated C'\'en •uch a bulwar¥ of ..reapect.able" Soci.aJ. ism as Milwauk~. guarded bf the mrltro and th mbe h :h idoolol!"e of ·Am.:rie.u: Sacul Opportuniam, the d th 5 St:teDlE.xec:."ivt d:m~t~\ d:CJ~_,:e~seuacC:ven~ · ..Socialist'' CongreNm&D, member of the National tion illef[al E.xecuti\'e Couuniuce of the Pai-ty, Victor BerF. Sirnultaneousl)· the Rand School hu refl15ed the The Alilwauku Uoder. published iD Mihuukee utc 0 ; People'• House auditorium for the Conven· and edited by Berger-- WSoc:ialitt paper.,---deems l ion. it even wite to devote to thie "'dan~" a apecial , Theee arc the latest tactica of the Party hoNea.. editorial under the aipifie&DI apt.ioo : ..Do We They k.now that the referendum ia ~;oing againlt Want Violmce.. ? · · . them qve,-,.·helminf:!ly, ,.0 they reor,anize pnd noel Thie editorial is worth ditcusain~. becau~ i1 pn. · Branches, and then throw out their voto. They compltte expl"'t:!Mioo to the ..phil010pby" of the k.no"'· that the National Emer~ncy Counntion is Ri~t Wing, u _well u to thotc weapoDI with whid. @Oing ap:ain.t Lhcm. 10 lhey diaenfranchi..e the the latter ia ready to um itaelf in i b ltruQie lo memberMip. cru.h and de~Uoy lhe hated ..Left Wins"· It ~·ill not work. We inlend to p ut our eandi· !be central point of tbe editorial, u ean be ~am dstea in o&X:e. We intend to hold the ~at ion;~.) from the caption. ia the question of •noJt:DCe". · Emert:enc~· Com·ention. And we he-re"'·ith inform We &haJJ not d.iecu• here the ~eienti6c ioeornct. all comr;,dea that I~ Cit)' Conwruion will~ Mld, neu of the- term ...\'iol~". The main wei~t o£ on Ike clllk G«Trttl .,pon, occordiA« IO tM o"'i,wl lh t' 't . I b th Lei w· . plGru. lnttead of the People's Hou.e. shall no~ ~~h0ctJ:/ ~!Jm:" J.oulJ orm.l~:M''::!: probablv, meet at Queen's County Labor Lyceu.m. be u.ed; but in the appHcation of the reftlat~ Frorn'all OYer the count.n· a landslide I...eft Wing- DlUI method of ltrvg-gle. 'Ae ColD be sleuecif~ , -ktory i• mo''ins down on thtca@:O· Expel as they the led of the artic:ie.. the term •riolence" il u.ec1 • ·ill-reor,anlte u they will-d\ey cannot reoq~:an· by 1M edrtorial writer of theM~ -~ iaUe and expel Branchs u fast u they so LeJt W10!· atead of the term ..re-rolutioaary medlod of llh"ll«· Panic·&trickm. the Ri~ht \\'ing-, throush the sle", ud aled ddibentely--in the .m. of the 0 we :f q:,es .. = ~.e ~~a~ii~! h!n~:ds b~f~~~~~~d::fi~o~~~ :b:u~~~~ ~·~~it~~· !:u~P!!! U:.!tinrti~ ;~~e .r;:U:d~:rn,ot~::to~...,!: split- in order to hne the pitiful relllD&Dt of the eioa "r ,.. Jutioa.uy method. of cugle.., ..upe. :!~~ ~~n~~~i7k :~r.~~~~!k N:~ mo~~ : : ; ~~ Party is oun. Life ~j;!; ~ ·~~..~-~Y o!:r::; 1 0 dfeds attempting- to ratore Tl&liml. the rettora'l of ilaeU ia with the Lelt Wizl«! aad defiDite-a.Dd tberelore_ more ..CD) for ..,, vodka, Cot..dl. rule ..,d popoms. r the M'fweabe "Sociaa • f be T' VllrJ>OOM . ~---t"-·iot p . . -, While pro<..iins Of!eiail "Bolohe.ik prop•·· ~""da." the osmu of the Aaaocioted p 0...,. m _ tatiatica 0 t . 11D1L error 1tlr .....,. - - · - R..,io eorn~pttel oSeul•. eetivel• ua;lltel the Maoy Comroclee UDOf!U'O tbet we aro ....,.... Berp'o odhorial proei.U. 6nt: -n.. Loft counler·I'C'\·olution, at•J unda con; of d iplona.atie in! the proportion~ md p..,ity of the nnbl.. Win~ waDI. to me riolmce. Of ~ thef do immunrt,-. ploned to overthrow &be Go•em.meat of campaip api~Mt the l..elt Wins iDauprall!ld by . DOl dindly ..,. ao"-malicioaaly l"'mW'b tlae ~ the Ru.1aa People. Loc:.al New York·a Es.ecutift COCillllinee. For ~be u, wiUa a look towards police~ "'".Sa. Now they ""'""";.., the "Go-~ of Kol· boDe6t of U... Comradeo- publ;.b tho foll"""'' thmp ...,_ well be oeid.opeoly. Bot L 1001 chok: Kolchok the ToarUt, th. mon of block rq>atl· idl of Brooebeo roorsonistd. iD pr..- of roor· -d tbe:ir writiDp JOG COD . , . . . to DO other - . tion under the old regime: Kolchak, the debaucher faDi.&ation, and lhow. to whom b.alloca ,han be. chaaioa.. • · • of Slbttian pC.u.anu. ; Kolchak, •bo •uppreued the denied. ot""whDM YOte bas bee:a throwu oat: • --rbe Left Win«en WUI to iDdtp • ...-Ma ol Tio. l&ij ,..,.;F.. of democrotic o...odo.tioo; Kokhok, Ln~luA Bran<A...-lot A. D., 2J A. D., 3d·5th· 1- upriaiDp. uoma the ~odo of the Sp......,_ who fo•hadc lolx>r union.. .,..., u the Taar did ; lOth A. D., 8tb A. D. 171il A. D. lllllr2Dilo A. D., of c..m..,y u their model. bopma that """",orio. who, .,._tel, joilod ....,! ....-end thOUOIIDdo •poo 22d-23cl A. D. ma will loriq ~ • Uale - · to tho pel .... S • • P'-'- .:_':,"---•. · ..;y �'n.e New York Comanml.t J The I. W. W. and Bolshevism B, JobD Raecl 'T'HE Moy nu""- of Q.., Bii Uoioo,lhe L W. W. J. m onth ly na8a.zinc, coot.i.na a number of au:r· pri.-.ing IUJiemenlA about Bohbrvi.am. aad the Bol11heviL:i. which .ho.,.· a complete mi~eonception of the revolutionaT)' Soc iaiWn aod of what hu hap· binb to lhe beW IOCiaJ order, and the alale will aar.onutically ceue lo elic. An illuttralion of this ;, to be teen in the Dew form of •tri.lr.---se.nle, Butte, \\' innipeA-whcre tbe ""·orken in control of induatry lind themaelwa thre.tenrd b)· the capilalist 11ate, and are thenueln1 com~ll~ to 5ct up their o""-n rudimentary ~ovcm . ~f'nl . · ·h K:b undertakes. policin!, feec.ling, etc. nu. u Proletarian Dictatonhip in eruLryo. But the writer in OM B~ Uni.on 1«rn1 to belieYe that the Bolt>hevilr._i intend that the Proletarian Victatonhip .ball endure indefinitely. This, in the f.ce of conllant reiteration of. Lenin and other Bolr.hevik •poker.mea. that aa toon u c1pitalism ia deatroyed the Proletarian Dictatorship al.u van iahi., and ,;'·ea way to · the lndu!trial Order! How, in thia day, after all the lesson • of the Ruuian Rnolution, Cln anyone ~ .o ignorant 11 to tallr. thil Anarcbo· Me~evilr. hoaddle! Again we quote: - ~in RuaaiL For eumple, thU : ""'Tnt) It be Rol.brwilu I, eaptaft'd lhe C.0.tr'IUDftlt by forr r end pul Uohhrnk. into o!Lrc in pl1oe of tbc o&ciall or lhr old n"almt. The l)'piul &t.beTik IT"''OhH iOG . . . , o/u,rol Tn<Oiu,ion bY fo,urt . The nt~ior ch.lnaf!ll ~ mal.r 11:1 IJI,. (.;o• rmmror nuy be rocr 10 contpkuo~ but •t ill thf')' I t t nm lundatMntaj.. Thew cb.enaee all faD wuh 1o Lbr outhnN of the Ultlitutioo we ull 'tbc atatc."' Thi! i$ ju!ol what &J.he\·ik · revoluti on• do not d o--d!t }' do not merely "put Hol.sh~ ·.i:..... ;1110 oftioe in plaCf' of the o lfid :. ),. of the old regime. " lneir pec-ulnr•t~· - the ~ of &lr.hevism-lie~ in thC' h c-t lh ut they hold. with Marx. that "lhe prolct.uial cannot Ia)· hold of the ready-made Mate ma chinery and uae it for itr. owu purpotea." They mu~ d~roy th e capiuli•t tWite, and in order Th~ Bolth"ik ~lution 11 the eulmiDatlott of PoUt.ieal lo er.a~r 3le il perrrumently-to dettroy its rooU! JJOCialiam. The p~am of political 10eiala.m ill a ftTJ -lhr-y mu!-1 Kl up t~mp o tarily a Proletarian Dist."· · ICDUtl one. It it "the abolition of da...ea.'" ""Lbe &bolitioa of c.apiaalitm.,'" -the ~M~Ci tlitat Mi o of 1he meant of produc· lion." ~lhf' e.tabiUhmml of a toeiali.a republic," de.• U · 0 1 prrniun t which •e ow.d•~ :.ate. Hut lhe proJrUD (I( lilt nature of the ne"' .. ,tate'' is entirelv different frcm pol•t•eal toe i:r.lialt it not •cU worked out on th~ lt)OIII U1e old one. h s f1\.lrpOK i!l lo a~li!-h the printe important po.nu . They h3tt ltft the dnaila to c.ban. o"·nenhip of the means of production and distri · 11 the- lui morarnt. At 1 eone.equence they find l.bca.d,.. huti or.. How then can an yone. uy thai the "chango.. d~~:=~ t~e J;o::mi::!u.~~~ :~~~~J o;:lit~:_:j are not " fundamental ?" 0oef nul the I. 'W. W. ... po-.n. T~ W"'ui.tu maJe a A.l17 uperimrN ..·irA •rNitu, bw u l.au ~ ..., inform w:, rA~sr or1aru M'f'rt U¥q...l "' f v:J th .:~. t lhe c.:~.piwlist state ia merd)' the instru· tlu tcul- o/ loki,. ot•rr prod~Kn'on ONJ distribution. The rnent by "·hich the upitalir.t awnenhip of property kbeme a. fallina 1pan. and u a rauh Ru.ia il panly i~ J.eq•t1uated and ltren@'t.hmed? U not the p!'o- rduminc- to prit·ale ownenh.ip and coouo), p.~nly turalq letarian conquest and destruction of the lUte a t!hdir::lr.~:~t~-o:~:,~J.e o:l~,~~~~~ ;;:,";. .. fund.amental change?" ductioo tnd dim ibut ioo appu~otly ~io~: io Ct:!Hfrot of It appe:lr .. that the~ 1. ~·. \\'. iJ lllill enamored the worlrtn dirr\..1 tbn.u&h their induttrial orp.&a.l.ution, of the idu that it can or,aniz.e lhe workerf- lOO?to at we •v:.ald bu-r il . In tbort, lbe Jklltht'rik ~olutiora ia under capitali!'m. Apparently the Fellow Wbrlr.era Ru•ia hu not retuhed in lt:lduttrl&l 0cmOM"Icy, but ia. .;;akeshift or temporuy Un Dit'DICIIt without .ul.Uity, bcliro\·e, in tpite of • ·hat it h..ap~nins to them now, awitho·11 an y pmenM of • final tolutioli Tbe limitatioM that they can build up their •·ne•· aodr:ty withiD tof political .ociahun ba~ b«ome plainly di.a«rn..iblt. the shell of the old" ip lhe teeth of a hollile sov.rn.' ThtTf' are ..ril)llf othn ,tuD"nDtnlt iD R~ia. eac.b with menL Can't they yt\ see that by sr.ome meant the tb~ if tw:onomit' ptOJf&llo.J. but n o n~ of thm~ would, u far .. wr ean ee-e. f'elull In lndumiaJ Ota:aocT'a tJ. Whh tM capitalist State must he destro'yr.d. tn auk~ way for npcritnce of BoiU.rriaro in Ruuia, we en apin upoa a the buildin~t up of their new IOCir:ty? t..u uf lar:s:ilolt fuu r-eiterale our .aaodpoitn whkh ... Mau.ian Soc:U.Iism demoni\rates that the Ute- bs•e to poenittentJy repulf'd iD yean &oM by, D.IJDe!y, i. e. the imtitutioM and c1 ... distinction• of tociety that «onam.ic reconttrucl iora of .ocie1y cao.rtot be aeeom· plilhed by a ao•rrnmtDI tryinJ. Io ordtr thiap with 1 .bJ.i)a -are dictattd Lr economic condicions; in other band 1bro11.1b laws and rer;ulaliona. but bu to be u or.....UC wctrds, the capilalilt 1tate i1 the elpret!tion ~f ~ lf'OWlh lmm tht bottom. t.hrCHiah the Utdi&Wil.! orpaiatioa property relations of modeTD 10eid.y. la order to .A the worktra at Jbt: place of work. Ruw.ia wUJ yet ba" alter theH: propeny relalions•. tome power of the to u~kle the iauntn.e tuk of orpoJzia1 the workcn lD· duatriallr. i.a order to obttist 1he a--.ary orpaa for Wd.q worken must be aet up. \¥"hen private propeny ~ ,!roductioa . . •. U abolished, the new economic conditione will five ..H,d the politic&l SodaJUu 1t0t beeD 110 perai,t1,.. ia chief ~:~~.~~~~ :~~~~:h '!~e t~=~i~ ,of~~e 'I~W~~!. CTh~ :h:;bh.!:r i:;' ohol ~ler o lew ouobruh ohey will c&rry !be dav. . \· 0'But"---..nd here the writer dismia~e~ the Spa.rta· 'un t«tic,._..th~ method• have not •ucceeded even in Germany ,•· to uy nothing of America. The author f!vidently never realized that JDOft, if Dot ell. of the responaibility for the " hilu.re·• o£ the Spartacaa1 io Germany mu~t be ucri.bed to lili •pir· itu11l and political partisan..-the Scbeicleman.at! The victory of ibe workins clau-in the opin· ion of the editorial "'-ritn--·ill he won oot throush a ft'\'olutionary atrug~le, hut a a re~ult of a'"politi· cal 11uc.oeU at the pol:•"· Ja othtt wordJ, thia ia the well known realization of Socialism .•. throu,F voting •t elec-tions. throuPt the "parliii!Da'ltary IU· jority".. Evidentlr the author hu not J;JfO~, has for~otlen nothine: and 1eamed aothans dunnJ the last few atormy yun. thou~ he .... lea at tht bqinnin, that ..near!)· all Socia1iaJa are aoomewhat more radical than thf')' were he·/or' the war... Ar. parently be even does DOt belons to thme .. aeu J all" .. Howe-ret, th~ author .hows IIOme aiJWU or ••ins· ins to the "Left"; a tribute. u it were. to the •pirit of lhe ti.-. Reluet.outly, h• io ...., read~ to admit the po.~ibility of appUcation of "'iolence duriDf!: the period of the aoci.l retOmtruction in this cou.ntry. But Social au OD DO MXOu.nt will be pihy of ouch ''yjoJenee". They .nil J*ienoly vole. . .OViolmce" may be •llplied only u a re· auh of .. provUCA~ioa" on the part of the "coaw:natl••"-pd ..... ohio "alta we (lo.; lheSocio-lioto) beromc ibe majority". But tYWl in c.-e ol. ..h .. pro•oeatioa o• JIM p..n ol the coaaen·.;:!o·• . . . . . lt U oot the pan or • political pany t.o iDcite to YioiCDCe. By .. •ery nature and -.-oe, a political party ia 4ft or. 'JaDi.ulion that UMI' · peaceful, politic.~ llllethoda. Jf viol~nce ahould come, il.. natural way of comine: would be by way of the union&, l:IOC 1M Pany .." Ho.,ever, there are still to be found Socialiata who cJajm thai a Socialiat Party, b:; it1 nature and ~ dilter• hom all other poliJOI p.-.l'tiel iro that it is a revolutioury party, and that ilA talk ia aut to follow the L&il ol the ~ioDJ, but to marc:.b forward, lo lead the u~ load tho wl.olo •od..iati ct-1 Alt thi• ~olutionuy mir-sioa the Berj!:enonian editorial pro,·idenlially enlf'l.LJU to the union• ( ~.nd of~oune. to the uniona.of the American FeckntioD . of Labor . -he reco~ no other unions ). h i• the more con,·enient, .a th1t the f•ilure of Lbe Revolution •nd the shameful conduct of ihe Social· Patriots befoae and during the "·ar. mi~t be ucrib. eel to theac urac .union•. u it being done' by one of eomr~cleo. Monio HHiquio, in bio J.o• proooUDCiaroano. Mter all thi• anti-rnolulionuy and counter· rnolutionary •bsurdit y, the author 6n•lly give. lOme p_rKtic.al .dvioe to hi.. readen rq;~ding the .. Left' " 'ioj'. · Ber,.,·, lu I nuo.bell hio .d,;..., io, "For God"o ..u, doa'l iporU1 iad-nal ~ ..... dltJ .......... - =·~li:!:. ~oril:.':1 :':.!:-~r­ ::J:, laa.e~"J!.: ~~~~~~.:::,-: ::.: 000 wi&boul .. iat~ Let w odmit al lhe that there io a If"'* dul of oruth in !be s-ral .......,;.,. h io nJid lo .,,. ohoo ohe Soeiolioo. ~oily hne ~d Ollly too lanle attention to orsan~ins oa tbe a.adumial 6eld, ao that the workttt CAD take on:r prodoc:tiaa. We will odmit duo we Amorico Soeialiooo be.., a SJ"<II dealoo 1..-m from !be L W. Ill'.: bal die a... 1ian Bol ~: bnW haft aot. The •Tiler IIJI, -n.. R ......... ~~~acle a .....,. experiment with Solid&. .• " He eppanatly ohioh ohol the Sovi<u of Worbn' Depatioo _ . org1111:1.1 c:re~ted to ta.ke Oft~' productioa.. AI• a year of olmoc iDteuono npi....Uon ohopt !be S.. ~_tell and their functio111, lhia Fellow Worker1o know ohoo !be Sovi<u are f'G 'ilil>GJ .._ ~ have nothing to do with the ~ fll productioo, which io lefl oo· thi: Cocmcilo o£ Waolt. Coolro), booed UpoD lhe loduotriol u.;.. (af • ·h1C'.h 6'~ at leut· h.ne adopted-the L W. W. pa. o.mble iotoel) and upoo lhe Factory Sbcip Commit· ~Svr.tfW.diat oi8&Diu.tiOGI lpriDsf.Dilroaa tk rank a~d 6le.(!f the worken. · AI rudy wilhin lhe obell of !be Son.. C..... mmt it helns created ("7th the help 8:Dd ~ ogemenl of the iloe)f) !be IDdtrial Socir:ty. Thil cor~.~ilu of the Ua.ioaa. die Councilo of Worker.' Coooro~ !be p.......,• Apicultur~l -Commiuaea. aod i1 u.nited m oae oeatra1 body, ohe Supreme Council of People'• lhc frame-work of !be pure Iodaci.J · wuloh, loward wbic:b, u U.U, poiollo - . doo Ru11ian Re,·olution il im.&aib1y ....ma,. .The wrioer poino. ouo obot !be of die S.. via Govcrupamt .... late _,.., in( orm. -. • , .,... •""'uol oo the talk of takins o,.... prodoctioa ...t dillribUiion." lo lhe 6nt p i - whmo do. tba Fellow-worker I"' hio "lou ...,..•? From thoitolioo prao? And io !be aocoad · p~ do. M !Jally imosine thai Rwoian induolry io badnronl • liecawe lhe Ruooioo wolbn _ , IIIIOijU( 1o doo talk of laiUns o,.... produetioo? R-ia iroluo~ry he ahould know, woo •-rerhd by the War--hy • Ttari.!' aad the Knm.ky ~· il • • a bookrupl induotry which the Bolobniki 'lodlt · And oinee thao ~ d - be ~ dool !here bu heeD war-booh em) and fonip ~ d"'pe<lle war of clefeooo by a poi>ple IIOn'ias ... nh.ou!Jied? R.. d lhe report pa.bliollad ill THE "COKifiii<IST, Sltided, ...,. J>r.ocl.oti-ril af Ruuian Labor"', by the AcdDs ColllllliiUi ol JA. bor • aDd tbeu IIY that the Ruaaiaa wQrbn• ..,... iutione were un6t to ~ indUJtry-wit!a _.. of their fue-l cut ofl', w'th mote of their nw ...... i•l• ledins, "'·ith decrepit m-.biDay .,.....,.. for more thu three yean! ADd by the waJ, af• YNn of propasancU iD • politically ~ country, how large • MCtiOil of the Amwicu Wwk· ins claoo bu the I. W .W. orproiood? Th• Fellow -'ll'ornr bl.-lhe Bolobeoir;; forhaving built up tbe worker.' ecoooaUc .....-. lions properly yean before. Droc. he 8ot bow' ..... all Uaionll "'ue illf11•l GDCier dae T..,., tt. ...,... randa ..nd or,ani.utioa in Ru.&U. up to 1917 . . . puoiobe.! """' cruelly, obot lho won.n· _.. .. li.berooely ke~lhe bl...... a-. •r•. en: eo..,..,..,, r..:o...a.,.c-- or- na:al.ly r'"-' ~.:i:i:::~~ti~:.":;':~··,ulhor of ohe ecJj . b:f'! ': t-.1..;.,;, ~wid ap 1 .,...__ torial article in an open manMr, fri,rhlenin~ and But wftea the Rno1utioa 6.ully ~ il .._ tM ployins up !be bueo~ omall -oown "Hebrew fear" of Boiobe\iki who -..vroi!Od ad f......t Lobar •· bio ruden: saniuolon. II ,... !be lioloho.iki w11o illlrodoood "If you ore ohinkins of joinins !be Lefo Wint- • ~ally worked-ouo plan o( IDd..,U.I ~ by taking part in the forn:wion of a CommunUt inro Ru..ia, which. withia thre. .BtOII'tha. Mel..,.. Lea~ or otherwite--we want you to know eucl· ~Alire .twano -~JJJ.iODW. Wd___ pa=Jllll · ... -L~ ly what you are about. lf you join the Left WinJ. UJ UJC -ud tod 11111'Wft .0.. fOD obereby II""' IO take &D ..,.;,.. par1 in o bloody Jioo. ffo,......, wJ.s lho . ill F~ liMp uprioins in Mihnakee." CoiDIIlitleM hlrDOd oa11o be ... _....,_ __ , _ The odcled wordo, "io Mihroakoe" lrerrMIIrlber, lutionuy labor oipailotioa tho tabotr.,..; el ohi "bl-'• will •. L produ<1iou, the Boloheoiki wwloo.od doo s,..llooJ. o - 1 uprioinfl . - • ploce prer:ioely lor fonn o( orpniulioD. Bill sua.,. - af 1: : : ' : , : f:;,e.;:,:.r.!.~ Jeodins builclen of the SMp ~ ... f - of orpniooticra (al~ . . . . • II f a !be ~~~Uibuooo o a prov-oi.., denuneiotioo. wriler in Orw Bif U.U.. ~ 11, doo ....,_ The piebon 1o ecapleoed by fl.iosios • clelicaoe ol Woobn' c:-..1). · hint .....,oliat ,.. polilic&l af tho "Uit Wo OS"' with tho FoJiow.w.n. ..., s,...Ho.l· w;.,·, .. to. ..ppli..J ,.. ...,ins lioolt 1a doo .,...w.. "We feel .....U. obot - eopitaliot ODOIIIieo huo of ~ orpitiaeaio- fw lloo ......., 0C11ooi af .... .._ ol !heir paid oploo iD lbo Ull WU.. lo arp ,..;led workiD,i <J- Bot - woat ~ call laio •· !be- of riolcDt ~· · · · terrtioa lo !be foet tbol lbo Syadicalioto ol ft.-._ Alracly the )ole Cooancle Mdtrins. in hio f.... ....d olMm SholoY, Nel- and ...... f..... ow lener lo ohe R....ian Bolaheviki, poinled out I. W. W• .......ben in lloio ........,._ -porotllot ihoo ooe of !be -ohodo of lhe "Scbeiclemanu" in with ~ Bolobniki, IIIJd hove pr;.o. fishtios ohe ladependent Soeialiolo and lbo Sp.,...· . plo of Pr•ldarian DinaoOnh.ip aa lbo c:ano waolho """""lioa obao !hey_, '"paid qW& · dlar..._iotie of tho tnaoitioG·-*1 . . _ ., ~r •t.. d pr••'"'"••ro. 1o Joolio • and the loduotrial !fiM - - ol lloa "SaNttdoaooa." ill all _ . Ia poWI ciart lila ... Sy.dicallolo fll 1 _,. lw ::t': !: S!; ., r_,. ""' t.-r """"'*"' ...ft eo..,.._,,- ... - ... ali.o. c-..w.. aalioto . .~-,.,.f), r-. ·1 =d . • �4. The New York Cca.mu.niat Why Political Democracy Must Go By JohD Reed v.. rJVIE (Of"r!Uiion of 1M \l'orkingmO'I't Pany J. matked lht ~Inning of Socialiam u a poli- tkal Core-r in the l:n11eJ Stf'IC). The old di•hnctic:-:.; of ln~mat ionalurn and Lnallunism ~ave way to the native American conAict betweeo Trade L:oionism and Politic~"' hkh coDtinued to r.way the mo\·ement from one • ide to A.Dotbcr until the Jut smu•tion.. So far I h.avt d,...ribed the badground of the mov~l in this ~ ountn. \\'ilh the Unioo Cun«TCM of 18i6, Sociali!im ~ntered upon the political areru in iM..ItrUUie for power •gainst the eapi- talitll. d-. A ftw IIII'JCliom loc.~lly mtered political um,_ip. and Lhc r~uhin~ vote "'·u 10 encouragins that othtn prepare<~ to follow. came tht. hi • tion-wick strikea of 1877, the activit\" of the .ectiona in the ltrilct, the ...-iolmee of the ~lice, e!opccially iD Cllicago, -.·here a meeting of tlrik.ing cabinetmakers wat fired on. The !"ational Executive Commin.ce .... iu opponunity, and ordered the ICICtioos to hold m.a.u.·mertin!' cndouing labor· demanda. The autumn clectiona in many paru of the countr)· aho•·ed a lar~e Socialist vote.. Immediately a •p«ial convention o£ the Pan)· wu called to de· '6oe ill anitu.c k toward politic•. Thi• convention met in Dttemher 1877 and re· modelled ita Dec-laration of Principles to the effect th.tt "political action i.l the natural function of the Party." Howtver, o•·ing to the influence of the Trar4t Unionists, it declared al&oO that the Party .. lhould maintain hierdl y relations with the tude unions and •hould promote their formation upon aociaiUtic pri.nciplei." The name wa.o; changed to Soc:lalistK: Labor Party and a few yun later, to Soc:ialilt Labor Party. n.eo ,~~:le~pril~~ 1:!:11i~~;,s :h~~:i~~: f:::~~~n:~ iMA were •upreme. the candida!~ . who had been forced into poli!in b~· the Pan~· policy. polled ~~~~ec't}:Sr t;:e~~ ~~~~:n~o~~e''X;J:~ !~ee~e ~~ pun Political Actioni&U predominated, the Lal;or wrnr to the GrecnbaclLen or the Republicant-. l.o the nut oational and f.tal e electiona, the ume phenomenon yrtvailed. The Chicaso ~«lion, the mOSI powrr£u1 i.n the country, elected (our memhcn ta the legialature, who were influential enough to compel the ap(>ointment of an Industrial Commil•ion, and the following year, HCured four aldermen. In SL Louis, three Socialist candidate. were elected to the lf!!islature. But the dsaw·bacU of the aitul· tioa were nude clear bv the effecta of the boom of 1879; profp!rit)· dr~w the attention of labor away1 from politics, and the- membcnhip and \'Ole o( the Socia list Labor Party npid l ~· declined.. In 1880 the Politiul Actioni..ll, ln vi~ of the di.minishintt Party \'ote. forced throu~h ~• rdcr~n· du1n to .end dcl~atee to the Greenback Lom·entlon iD Cbica~o. and tuppOrt the candidatee of the Creeub1 ck Party. Thi• compromi.e wu pauion· ately op~ by the Trade linioni•IA of Chicago, u well u h)' a group of re\'olutionary SocialiM.s i.., Nrw York.. whose Ct'lller wu a handful o£ refugees from the German anti·Socialir.ta law•. Since the fir,:~ campaip1 of the Workingmen'• Pam, the Trade Unionisu had n,.ver abandoned theii in~ivc dUITU!t of political action. In 1877·78, it iJ true. the election of candidates to municipal and tlate le,i~olatures war. of considera· hie ~it.ational value. The state wu not yet cleat· ly de6ned u a dim:::t imtrvment of capitali• e:r.· ploiUiion; the Sociali!'1 lrtrit-laton took it h)· •ur· pri~~t. But from Lhrn on ~n np:s of armed thu" innded the pollins·plltees oa election d•y ; Soea!iSI •peaken wrrr trtt.ackcJ ; Socia list vole! were tom up ; and in Chtca,..o, in 1879, the only SOcial· ilt tldnman elected wu deliberately refuted hit aeat b~· the corrupt Dnnocratk Council. In 1879-80, u todn. the lawleM bruulitH. of the rulin' cia~ in nullifYintr the Soc:ialitt voCe created a wtde..pread d~ with political .etion. AI• rudy many workin~n'a military orsaniutioD.I Yo lt ~ 'l;ii~!.~p~~i~~~= i~hecoS:~IIi:£ J::N:,::i Esecutivc Commin.ec npudialed the.e armed aocM!tiet.. 1l.e "deal" with the Greenbeck Partv wu the 1.. Ilia•· for thr: Trade Union (adion, ~bM:h, with itt powin,: tyllem of labor orsanWtioos an:Dtd for detente. broke away (rom the Polilical Adiooi.u., and lD 1881 i~uecl a call to ..all rnolutioni.u and arrrwd •orkin,mm'• organiutioru in the: country," poiniio8 unt the nec-eMity of "'settins ready to offer an arDj)e'd reo.isW)« to the in\'l.sion• by \he capitali~ tlu. and e&}•it.aliat lesillaturea. .. Ia Onober of t.lw u.me yur a con\'entiun of lutionilb md al UicaJo, and formrd the Rnoary SocialYI Pany, which n:jOW>d all politi· ul ·ction and endoncd the .o..:allcd Black Inter· national, the anarchiw lnt..ernational Working People"• Auoci~tion , declaring that it ,;ood "re.Jy to rendtr armed n::pi~tanec to encroachmen\5 upon the righu of •orkingmen." Before the referendum was completed, howeHr , the Chica~o tectio:m look part in one man municipal campaign, wbote effect upon the Socialist& •·u 1>0 diuatrou. that il de· wo,·ed the lut \'e&lige of ( aith in tWn 1M aEiJD· tionlJI vo.lw oJ polilictJI ctunptJilru· Th~ Convention of 1883, at PinJ;bur~. de6ned the two current. in the new organi.za~on\ that led by Spice of Chic.:~go, recofiz.ing ,+evolutionary trade unionism-and that le by Jo~ann Ma.t of New Yor~ ad\.xating puie re Yol~nary antreb· itm. A compromitoe Dttween the two .,... reached,\ result in~ in a philo'-Dphy of organiutiod'-and actioa almost analogoua to modem S)·ndicali•~ h wu undrr the inRuenee of thia or@:aniz.ation that the grut labor uphu\'&l of 1885~ took place., ~nterin!Z around the Eittht·how •trike., a11d cui· minating in the Haymlirket Hombt of the •ummer of 1886, whK:h broke the Black lnternatinnal. The pro\'ocatioa of th~ rulin~ clua which rotuhed in the explosion• (analogou• to the San F ra..ncia.co loomb ca&es and the recent Poat Office bomhsJ, demonstrate to " ·hat len~h.. the capitalist. will go in order to wreck all efforts of the ~·orkera to free theauel\'ee. /1 i.J impouibk 10 cilplur~ 1M copiloli.u lt41e Jor ~~ 11.:orker1 by nuonJ oj 1M bolloJ; tha. hu been demon5trated again and.,.gai.n ; and yet • ·hen Labor repud1ates pol itical action, it i• met with fear( ul violence. .. . Owing this time the Sociali&t Labor Party had almost disappeared, not emertting until the Henry George Cam)Jaign of ) 886 in l"ew York, • ·hen the Sociolisll "'"'' their opportunity to aro~ t.he w('rker·muaea to political .-ction once more, the resuh of "'·hich, they thou~ht , would be to • ·in the new movement to Sociali.!!m. But the Henry Ccor@"e movement concentrated on Sinttle Tn. and finally repudiated Soci alism: .o the Sociali!ts threw their •trength into the Progreuive Labor Party, iD New York. All onr the -country i.odcpmdenl (A. bor Parties apra.og up. and for a time the political fe$UlL• were astonishing. These Labor Partiea ele...-ted no Jesa than ten>Con,rreutnerl, many laton , judgee, etc. Enn in New York-State, where tbe \'ole wu amall, the effect upon the legitlatu.rt wu such th•t a great quantity of labor lesiJ.Iatioa WU CDacted. An anempt wu made, in 1887, to combine thme tc•ttered paniC!' into one national organiution• . which wa11 accomplished by the Ciocinnati Con· I. ~~~id.n~ f'~=· ';.el~~~~~~u~:!.!~c~~!.ofH~~ wu launched the National Union Labor Pariv; but this turned out to be maclv another ..deal.:. with Grcenbac:ki•m-the fanner& (the •mall property holden I cRptured Lh~ organi.utioo, and the Social· iru did not auppon it, nor did the iodunrial work· en vote Cor it. ln 1888 bq:an anew within the r&nkt of the So. cialist Labor Party the o ld bitter 6&4tt between the ruliaical "ctionil.u and the Trade Uoionilla. In 1889 the Political Aclionisu oa tbe Natio11.1l EMC:utive ComminC!Je "-'Crt: replaced by Trade Unionisu, and the Party placrd iL'Cif behind the [i@"ht·hour MoYCmenl, and promite"d •upport to the l Jnion&. A minoritv of the teet ions ruohed. organized their own ~chincry &Dd declared for p urr politK. I ection. Thia wu known aa the "Cincinnati Socialist Labor Par1y.. ; in 1897 it amal~amatcd • ·ith the Dehe·Bcrp SociaJ.Democ· ncv of America, which W&JI a combination of the polhical cxpreuion of the ,old Amer~an Railway Union, and the Pohuliam of Ber~. The Dew Party immediately p un~ into politica. In the meanwhile the Soeiali.Jt Labor Pl.!"ty wu pauin,: throu!;h a rapid evolution in itt relation. to or«aniz.ed labor. The ~adual CODJ,Oiicbtioa of the eraft·union, wa~-coMCiOUl pbil~phy of the AmcT" Federot" I Labo fiD II led to battle"':'the old ~~ral Labor Uaiooa Now Y The Socialist Labor Party ad up 1111 oppoaitioe body, the Caltral Labor .Fodorllt.ioa, which wu r. I .....I a charter by tho A. F. ol L., and fmally definitely espelled. Then•. UDder the leaclonbip of of 0.:. Daniel Deleon, the Soeialiat Labor Party ~~~t.empled to capture the KniP,u ol Labor. Uoias the Uaited Heb: ew Tradeo u his instrumoal, Del..eoa got COD· uol 0 ( Diouic:t A-mbly 49, and th.., ouooed Powderly u p,...ident .,( the Kni~u. and eloeled So...n:ip. But Sove,..iga played him !alae. Ilea""' i.a both of the Kfe&t labor or!aniuliooa., DeLeoa alouted hia owa Socialiat Labor Party orsaniaa· tion, to tompne with \he lw~e Soci.alilt Trade and Labor Alli.aDce. ladirec:tly thia wu doe chiof ca- ol doe fo"""' tioa ol the Socialiat Pout•. A poup iD 1M Social· iat Labor Party-ulled the "kanprooa"_ _ , •gairul the policy of eombauins the labor or'pni· a.ations from withouL They fnored tho: :;':Jiiey of ..boring horn within.- Thit meant to capture the A F. of L-.t the time •oprem&-by wo~ withiu the Unioa111 It" elect ('fiK:i&b, and throu&h them to dow.i.uaLe the mcmbenhip. In 1869 the ..kangaroos" teeed.ed from the cialin l..ahor Pany, and ia 1900 they joiaed 1bf Social Democracy-the oew Pa..rty took the name o( Sociali.a Party of America. l.o the campaip of 1900 the Soci•liat Party rolled up • .ale of aJ. most 90,000, while the Soci.a.J..Ut Labor Pany'a .-oc. ». t dwiadled. ~'ith the foWidat ion of tbe SociJ;litt Party, the hi•tory of the Socialist lAbor Party, u a mo•C~Dta~ of the worken at STipt with the capitalitu oa 1he political held, comea to an end. HeDCeforth the Socialist La.bor Pany it; identi6ed with the deYdopment of a great Socialiat theoret.ican, Daotel De Leon. The Jut attempt of the Soci.alilt Labor Party lo l.ll.De:r the labor monmeot OOCUJT'eCl in 1905-07, in connection with the l W. W., and roaulted a... more in the teees~ion of the S. L P. and the forma-tioa of a rinl orsa.n.iution. In the li~ht of ....,..,t hillory, wbea the relot.imy caormou. Sociahst \'Ole hu failed to i.nfiumoe aer).. ou•ly .the make-up of upit.aliR l~latur«, it will be a •urpri.e to many penom lo read of the lep.. lative victories of the amall eod ltri!Hora Social. Ut mo"ements of early day._.mall u they .,., in compari..oa with the bu~ lpread 11nd r,wer ol the upitali.tt tyatem. But eapiLII.i&m b.a aot 1" con10lid~tted itJ! hnld oa the St.ate; the indepeocleal ballot wu atill a powe:r-.althougb evea forty yeuw ago could be diacerned the anawer of tbe ruli.n« d . . to any challenge of iu hC!C'Doay on the political or ind1.1ttri.l 6eld--oriolax::e. The political power of the Watkin« dua ~ eel alowly : the bourseoia dic:tatonliip of aoc:i«y pew by l~po and bound.: today the citadel ol !'eat capilaliam is impre~le to aU aaaalta a,. eep1 tho maao aaaault ol tho uniu>d w-orkius cJ-. [To b. c:v"""-1.] I. W. W. and Bolabevi.m (~ , _ ,... IJ hue hem profow:ul~y infiDeiiCIIDCI by tbe A.--. Revolution, and that in Ita~, for a.ample. they an :~~~8 band in hud wi tbe n!?Olatiaa&ary So- If theee uticlea in Ow B&, UrUon are the n.J exprea.sion of the thoupn ol the L W. W. SollhCYi"rn., then the I. W. W. b.u liii.!'Ded oCJI.hiDi aad forgotten nothing. It C&Bnot aee auy Iii!'~ between the Bolahevi.ki ud &he ScbeidaDaa:a S. ciali•La. It tuiU nol Jou loW /eel Uwl 1M ,.,.w:J of Soci4l Revolution lwu corae,. ..J llwl aJw eolI.Gp•e .0 J C~pikslilm tu~ 1101 I&ICiiiiUiliJ Uw IPO~ ~t::c.u entuel1 orsOAiuJ ~ ao Me I . F. . a,- TI,e fi..oaJ !11111 of the coH«tiCIIIIialbil: "'Economit: recorutrvction of aorMty c:mmac he .:complahed by a SO'ftTlUDI!:Dt lry'iDs 10 _... thing. with • hid- hand U:rougb t... aDd rt~pla· tiona, but hu toLe 11:1 orpnic p-c.wth (ram tbe ..... tom, through tbe indnatrial or~ ol 1M worken 1.1 ihe pl.ee of wozk.." U the Fellow-Worker by thia time h. 1tCJ1 6conred the atCD.tial cb.aracte:riatic ol the R.t..ia Rnolution-iu IIIICOOOIDia • well u ita political li~amcly, that it ia ..liD orpnic FOwtb frwD the bottom", then we doa't know wbat to clo wilD. hid!. While the Fellow-worker it critic~. thl Proletarian Rnolutioo in full awizas, from tile lofty point of new of &D wpaiatioo prof-.clly not rwdy for rnolution, R'*i. U tackl~-.. llliiDMC tuk of orsaui&Los the W~bn • ill order to oboaill the - . r y or~ fa<r ~ n, o.,... produc:tioa." Ia R-ia doe worlun.,. ..... o-m: l'!oductiOD, ud "-rr il 1110 .....,.. ,. ,.. ao,U.U.. 111*"' o/ .M - . I , ..._. .... mueh ol a bah may bo _ . , . Ia. doe ,... -. We of the Loft W~ ...._ J..n.l ._ I from the Wu and the Earo~ Rnoh1t~. Wa hamhly admit our miatUeo, ud the fallacioa ;,. hera1l ia political Socialiam. We turD with lnOf'O and more ma- iDIUOil towud doe iad.-ial field, wheno the I. W. W. boo saiued priool- • · penCDOC m a dramatic lahor · ~~n~g;\e t..m, .an t.ban a cloeade. We .,.. ~ ,,,.....d you, Fal· -•.Jo¥ low-Worken. · Bat '"" cisoiUid !baa yoQ, too, oball leom .,._ )_.,. from "'""'· and to ~ formDlao •hie\! clalo .haclt .10 the old •oriO-Mf.., doe Wa. �The Nnr York THELeft Wing Communi.t I Left Wing Notes OtEfiUll.Li!.lion hu decided to por1 the fuii O"-' Inft nomrnt:e snd &JJ....A all tt\'0 lut• on a r ~· SO('I&h!!ll to do ILI.:.ewul£: : l or fJ.~CUJWf' s~ucUU) of 'Local New }'orlr : lllllimilwn Coh<n. The entire ~1ichiE: an St.ate o rgnnUat•on haa been cxpt:llf'd fro m the Par1~· In· the !\otiUnal Executi \·e Cc..rnmlll ~. to\ llho ut 11 h ea rin F!. bec :.u~ uf tht" HC· twn tak('n b) thf' l a~ l S t:.le Cunventmn in repudi.a t in.R" immedulte dem:n4:. i~ thr fan y platform. The Conk Count~· Socialist Party Convention of :-.;~ ~ J';'. JH r~u ltt-d in a clean h""'N'P fnr the Left U m~. Mo re than .U)U vot~ o ut o f aLout ()50 ~ ­ cured tJ,e ado ptum of a ata temcnt o f p rmc ipiM and a ptof!run, delimtel~· en!>UT!Ilf! the re\·o lullonary ch..anu·t~:r o f the ne ...· Oucogo Socia li.!t Party or l!';an : z.ur·•m. Lc·d !J \ ~)"Tloout Stedman, the pollticUn!> a nd Hif!hl \\ in ~~::n· bo hed the Conv~::nllo n . hut ca rrit'd "''ith the m I~!' than S'fr of the dele( alC'-. Th1s \" ic-to r~· i~ tht' m o!>t importa nt "'·on by liw- Left \\ mg f>C ~ail!! .later. I!'. A c-cording to rt'l i.ablo: inf onnnti~m from ChicBFO, I.Lft \\ m~ ca nd1 dut~ fo r the 1\at ional [,;ecutlve . ComnuUt't' nnd lntanntiun ol ()(ole,;ates, and no· t umal referendum' "if' and "0" are " 'inning by llD O\'en.·h~::lm i ng m:Joritt o f vo;ce. Fo ll o,·: ing U lht' offiCial count of ~a l Buffalo on t.i1e reft:rt'ndum \'Ole for natio nal officers : for 1\"aJit:m o/ £ucuti1:e Commiltu : l..oui! C. Fraina ___ __________ _ 259 !\"ichola!! l·lo urwich __ _________ 205 Franklin P . Urill_ _____ __ __ ___ 159 EdY>ard I. Lindgren __________ ISO Morris Hi!lquit ______________ 83 Tor lnternotii:Jnal Dde&a.Jt> : Johr Rocd·- ---------- -- ----- 307 Lo ui!! C. Fraina _ ____ __._______ 285 C. E. RuthenLerg- - ------- --- - 2 71 Louis B. Bvudin _____ _____ ____ 15.1 I. [_ Fer~w~an _ ___ _ ______ ____ 67 Victor L Berger·- -------- --- - 61 TM lnlern.ational SN:relllry : Kate Richard& O'Hare _________ 145 Morri5 Hillqu.iL - ------------ 80 Noticr \o All Brapcbes of Localt Now York, Kmgs, Queelll, l:.ichm 'Del, Astoria, a.....,. Ar a meeting of th\· City Committee held on the 5 th d..~- of May it w~ decided to call a City Con· v~ntto!l, and that tht basi!! of repr~ntation thall . ~. MOnt delegate for e-o.·ery 50 mernbn-a in ,ood 5tanding or major fraction thereo r ; Uut brancbeJ &ball elect delegates direct· h·." YOC:. -re therefore requ~tcd to send out a call for tht Lranche& imtructing them to elect delegatee to the COO\'ention on the ba!!i!. decided b)' the City Help Your Comrades! 1hr convention ._;u be ·held on June 14th and ) 5th. Place of meeting to be a nnounced lattr. (5« edito ri.a..l page I. The o rder of bu.&ineu will be u foll o ww : Con!-OIHl.tion Of Locala into a Greater City Loca1. T akin~ action on Party o.~hip of Preee. Taking action on the Left Wing. Taki..ft¥ up the queJtio n of the re-organiz.a:tiun of hrandle5 in Local r\ew York. Scud the Dame.!> of tltt' dele~ates elected and the branche. they repre.ent to the Mtn::lary at the Q-<en> Labo.r Lyceum, Mynle and Cyp""" A-.enuea,~ood.I;L At thr Ia~! meetio~ or tht Ldt Wing c.IUCUI of the Centnl 'Co mmin~. Local Branz, Benj. Gitlow, H. Bo urpn . A. "W inick, Dr. G loubcrman and Roman Bluep~ - ·ere ez1dor&ed -as lhe candid.atftl for the City c:.o.muncr from bocal BronL . . . Tile ) ·onnille G.Tman Branch bought throe hundred ticlct5 to the 1i lh A. D. Branch Leh Wing hall ; onr hundred the)· put away for mcmentot.. ooe hundred they tilre up, and. the remaining hundred they diarihuted to lhoee who wtn1 to 80 · to the ball At the .eet.in@ or the·U:ntral Commiuec of Local Bro nx oa 5aturda~ evening, a Right \lii.n~ moved to recall all Ltft Win(': del~ai.C!I to tho &ocuti•e Committee lmmedi8telv afterward another rup,t Winger moved Lhe previovt quc:stion. In the dobate, Braana.tein and Dr. Fried..man lllaled"th.t the Rightt •.&nt.ed to aJ.tlil the Party immedWtly. AI· thou;_;h t.br R.ighll were in a majority at thi.a time. U1e previaua qufl6tion wu defea.Led. An bour la1cr another pn"\·iout question mot.ion wu dcfealed.. Al ~le\·eo ·thtrt, a roll<all vote oo the motion • • W.on, whid. wu delcoU>d by 6! Loft Will& - arup... aoctpled.. At lccut one hundred ~· o rler!'> "'J,u participated In the C lt , tbnd 'b)· On~· lJ.emoru;tra· t10n h a't l~n railroad ed to pri1on. So far a~ lht tc=n . fifteen or lhirtv da\'1 that com· radt.."!' mu~:ot r.crn: m the "'"ur(hou~. tho!Yt " 'ho are ouLsidt' cannut )u·lp them. Dut "e ca n M"C to it that tw t a !>in!llc man o r "' o m;m nomaim in tht "'·o rkh o u ~ to "''o rk out the fine and c.·o!'tl!> "'·hich are pan of all tht .entences.. Lnder the unju!!t ' " "' ' no"'· exi ~ t ing. a man o r "·oman "'·ho is JHlOT unJ cannot pay fine and co!it.o. mu~t remain in the "orklto u!><' to worL: out the fm e and cust!i at the rate o f &itr ctnU pt"r da ~·. In other "-'Old!! everr kl;. tenet "'h ich includes a fine of !1~ .00 and ~:~.: fi~)~~>o!h:ti~:~eaJ;ii;i:~:rl ;~;-~ !~a':o:k • out t11at par1 o f his or her &cntence. Thill mu!'t not be. The fmes mu5t be paid. In addition. the famili ~-of aome of those ...-h o arc in pri.on "'ill be in n~d her ore their •entmt'cs np1re. \\'e otU!!I h~lp them. Thf'y mu ~t n ot l'i uffcr . ·s,.ruf dono.tionJ to C. E. Rw~nMrg, 1222 ProJpect A tJt ,, Cln~lonJ. ! 7a.h .-\. U. J\ot ~ ./ 538 MoJi.,ott ·A r:e/IU.e. Thur!"da)', ~1 il \' 2Y. Discus.o;.io n meeting oo the Ldt Wing Manife"olo. Topic, "Dictalouh ip of the Proletariat". Frida\', Ma,· :HJ. LeCture...nu~ American Kai~ Soc iali!li~". i •ro minent Ltft Wing 1peale:r. Ad. mi!!sion i ree. Saturday, May 31. Conctrt and dance. A profet~!- i o n a l ~i ngtr ha... offered lo gi,·e her toen·ice! grat i!! fo r \J1e occ~ ion . A ,·iol ini!it and pia.nif>t of hi ~h st nnd m~ "'' ill help make the arT air a &ucc.eu. In addi!ion to it:. Kheduled ftcti\·ities the l ith A. D. i!- ttrr:J.nf;"iug a c ia !>~ in puLlic 'fJeaL:ing under llarn· Englt:JO. Tht'rr '¥1 i lll ~t no char~te. Applicants nnl\ rcc ister '¥1'ith ln· in ~ Uo ll!in a t he.odquanen . A c ho ru~ i ~ llt'ins orf.'nniz.t>d. ~ingen "' nnted! Tht> H ikinE Clul, . js to have it,. f1r~ o uting S un· day, June lsi. Wa~ch fo~ anno.uncement. TI1e Esthonian Branch, Loco1l Ne"'' York. hu recei,·t'd the follo "'-ing lettt'r from the Execu.ti,•e Committee : Dear Comrade : I am inetrueted to iiiJorm !OU th.at yow branch, the Eat..boni1n Uraoch. wu at lht lut meetina of t.bt E.ucutift Commlllte IUI VC'nded from tbt Pany, and U therdou· DO lon~er an ioltll"l p111 tof Local ~i-w Yurk. "J hr ru..on for lht 11.uprnaion ia that ,-our bnneh ie tNiicially a!lih•1ed wi1h tl1e " Ld! \\"ins." I h••e notif1rd the ~ational office of tbr l'any of the au•pen•iun of • nur bunch. ao thai thry can Mtif,· 1he" Fedeulinn of the- h e! tJut you art no lon-er a branch of th,. Pany, 1od DOl entitled to a.oy r~.&llla aod pri•ileae. H~~i~;nJ~t w-ux1 ...ui ~- in your let tbt and npu.U.te the ..Left l.'ioc" o•,-llliu.LioD &~~d re-turn 10 the Pany, eoiD.m.IUee. .s.pizu< :u Rishl Wizl« ....._ Pampble-ta .W.incod h, R~ }'~ ~ lluol offered by Manr.Dt "''t' MI of Prokuri&a ~- aup- Youn for tiM: Ca~ae, ~~~bT7\~;·c&~.~~!fEIAUST ~· . JULI US GERBER. . £.a:!CIUII'<' ,')er:r rlary . The following Branches ha\'t' joined the Ldt Wing : 4th A. D., Kin~: Branch 2, 18th A. D., King> ; ~rman LanguRf!t · Group, Kings: Lithuan ian Branch 19, Ki.nl!s; Utl1uanian Branch 82, New York. M!Ntnl:S OF SPECIAL MEMBERSHIP ME£TINC, MAY 25th 1919. Muiliau.aa Lyceum. P~t about 800 memben E1ecutM S«mary called · menillt~ to order aod called for nomin.at iona for chairman. Comndr Kul "Hrocbky c.lcored eb.linnan. Comrade Ed. Und,.ren decteod YiCf"-Chairman. ~4\~::. of ~ioii.S :nc-m.be.nhir meet~& adopt tel with Minote. City ComJNnw ,_d fCir action. Mo•rd to 11kr up tbe ' - CJty Commiuw'a m.iaii!CII .eri&tim ; eanied. A~ ~l•l t tT of DMid.iAa UOQ.P lA ' Btoollt"D &.t ~t coocurn-d ,.-i t.h. Cuy Comautlee aot to ~ u.-. R~.LM11o ~terpmer Aa.lr.1lrleDe. ~ c•~~~~~uhtr:~~: ~IJI-:.er.d~ :abou ';:'; ~ .\hun oi f'rrlimiaa,., Conlercce •t Bulalb.., • Cnmadc Cabell reponed . tbu Braht.iD of a...a...., of Boa:on ud llow-wic.b ud Cobaa .t N- Yck ffl. "'>l pu1ici pltl'd. Dec1ded thaJ. conleft:DC~e be beld lD N... Y.S • J 2lat. That f"f'prtwnlltion bt oa-e delepLe for ~ 500 _ . Mn or p.n tber~f. a.nd oo lou) ahall ba..-e IHft lhu f...-. T•enty-6'e d" llan pe:r c.apill lU for each ddepaa 1e f " to ctnttal fund lo delray c:spn•o of dd~ Th1t laDJUI&e fcderauooa ahall be. ectitled to fra. temal delet~ale from Cenlr&] Esecu.tn-. Cor.:~ of U. ~: ~~:~~~1:.·:~ r,:~~ &!au~ .... O~er of buaitlee~ rud a.od accepted with oee . . - . to wit : That • Com.m.inee GD f..ooooaic Or~ be elected; CUTied. On motion it wu decided , that rqJhlnlt&Uo. 1t>r: dde«ale for every 6.-e. hu..edral w pan u....al .wb.b M menl ll!UJmWD limi1.11ion. !n eue cred~ntiala . eomminee decided ......._ tMaa dcleielct ~irin1 biJht.t ~e are to be acatod. , l::~r.b l.anJuact ftde.r&tioo .hall haft oet c:&eMpt.. ~ '"0~tntade LArlio addra.ed ~e apt:~~~~~~:: iD e&&h ~ .-tiq t.icMa en) hur.drtd dollan.. ..J..... • ~ ' - _. :'n appeal for Zueker DdtD~e Foud. ...t a~ .I t 22.8J •u made. Mution carricod that Tn Co-.wumn '-oe u appilitl t. fu n•l. for the etrikin& .Juae worhn of 8tooklytl. Mution to~ rder oomioatlona of del~" t.o N..o...l Ltfl V. in,: Confc-rtn« back to loc&la; ddot~<ICL ;b~~a~~~~:it:fl c;.~:~a{;nr':ce~ecud • del~ IThe Telescope I We undenLand that on accou.nt of the apullioa o f numtrous Branches from Local New Yorl. , . ceipv. frl"m du.. 1t.amps are com.i.n« ill "'1 Now-ly. Sim ultaneou ~l)· , T~ SOciali.JI aeema to hue -.. pe.nd.ed puhlicatioo~ • • ~ The l"ational Eucutive Com.m..iuee•a . i.ution campaign i~ proceeding •ide by aide wi1h the l'\ationa l Socwil)' League'•· Every time the. l mmj!fation authorilit:5 deport a bunch of "'al._ agitaton-", the 1\'ational Executi•e Commin.ee ezpe.. a (orei~ Braoch. • • • We are waiting with ill-concealed impaticace fow the Centri1U to rep!)' to Comrade Hillqu.i:l'• hull of e.l.Communic.ation. It ia reported th.~~:t at tbt last tDed.i..a« of tbe [x. ocuth·e Cornmittre of Local New York.. there W'l!l'e eo many llrancht'5 to e:r:pel that the Eucuti.-e Committee intd,·ertentl)· expelled itaelf, a.n? wU forced lo appeal to lhe l\. f.>J: re~ f c. At the apecial meeting of the Call A.uoc:.i.atk. , the oth:r niEht it was decided 1" tah • ..lln'GI pt> aition" a~ a in~ the Ldt Wi.n!. We tuppoee th.t mcllm.• we will be dmollllOICd along with Z..pa&.a ud Bwleeon. ,·-.::. An incident of the CIC"t'ela.nd May D.y bnlla.Jj. ties dtseO'e& to be recorded. Whe:a the police ud gang!ter,. !J'ided Sociali" be.dquutela. they tore d own all lhe pitll!rtl hom the walt. uoept a pot'· to·aH of K..rl Marx. Aoked why tbt'y •P~ tho! particular pic-tUI't, one of the th09' repUed : "'Well, he looked liil:e a retpcctable old bird. How did we know he "''un'c Abraham Lineola'a f.U... ow eoae- body li.lto that?" f.., F..U fw n.. N_ Y. c - i t t Coi>DW>ES : 'Ine Left Wins U in need of fund. for the iaauanoe of ib ·papa- ; we b.ne Do duet paying membrrship and are .aIely ·dependent upon the Yohmtary conulbuti:=a ol OGe· rades for our aup)>Ort.. Jf you thi..nk our movement U neceu.ary, if you feel that we~ U..e pubhc e%J>foaion, ' 'OU m'l!t come to our aupport. l'.l the pretenl cri1i•~ more than .,... Wore. we mu1t keep in the 6eld. our paper mu.M be publiahed. WE NE£0 Ftii'tilS. Tear off anJ ... il&o MAXIMILIAN COHEN, 4f Wo:ri 29111 StutrT, N.Y. C. I hereby lllhocri.bed tbe rum of________ __., wOiiltlor tbe auppon of Ta& N. Y. CotJliiiJ>tllf. Name -------------------------------.Addr.o ----C---~----1------~ ~ ___________________ ..LoW __________________ __:_ ____ ~ • l.Lrkin. u·..ue. R~ . Cohen, lli.JJfftl. Mic:AlpiM, g..,. wbid \, Citluw.·. P•ul. Zudier, K.arllirod.aky, W&taL Al!... Lo•·e:.tone Hihlik aod TI.IUIW: Uonmtz. lkie,:atc to Chkqo, .t..rkia. J.tectifll adjourned. 011~ : �• The New Yori< Coamnml.t Capitalism Appeals to God (From a Swiss Bourge:~is Newspaper of Zurich) Tranalated by F. 81......11' t pub/Uh tht ortu:k lwlou• not EH"ca.wt U't' a,r« wilh Cli'IJ oj tiJ< idtOJ put /a~ ·ard, bw lwcoust :. i/lu3JraY.J sonll't)un& of tht ,a/ conJi.Jioru ill Su ll:trLond. Tht neu s th41 filler s throu&h I~ capitolut pr~JJ fro n Eu rope i.J vo,(ut. indt_finitt and W thf' nuun mi.Jitadin&. Tht situo.tio n in Su iL:.r.rlond tf'UII •t·d pror tu·a/1_ .,. no publ~.eily. yd il U ob· from tM tent of th iJ oTticlt 1h41 rtuohuion U Vnminf'nl. h4.J VIOIU '\ It iJ also inll'ft'Stin6 to n olt tht rtactioru of I~ ..,orxf' b o ur~tou to tilt cond;.: i..;;.:. ,;~ luJI't so 6-lurwowl:r supporttd in the paJI, nou· thoJ thost co,JiHoru art about to bt'ar thtir_ lo,icol Jruit. 1 hr) op~af to the 11 orkr rs not to a/lou· thf'ir u·ruth to J.,·a k be for t the conunt.td prcn•oco.tio ru of tlk! copUoli.Jt clou . Thry u t'l: rr.fu ,t ir: triJih, h_....:!::cH and no bilil·r nort· thor rh ~ u:orJ.:us ar~ r i.s111t; tv po'u•cr, hut rh~Y n~v~r t:voi.,.J th~Jt e.:inuc.t on bf'ho lj of the million.J of tM prn!t:UJri.aJ u.ho lwn:r bun bratrn, Jtart·rd, dtgradrd a.rul murdaed throushout the tJ(.tJ . · In tl1e faa ofth t ri.si11~ mi~ht of t~ prnlrta riaJ th') N'f lnuJiv to tht r·irtues tluu toda.Y echo onlr as u m oc ktr) in tiu tars of the u·orJ.us of thf' tt~orld . T fl[ innrr drvd o pmc.n l' of S•·itzerland hl\·e of latt' H'Hrhed a ~ tap.e "'~i rh Art di~oncertin~ to all "' ho ore !' O n !< i o u~ o f their r e., pon~ib ility for 1<1·l u•t i ~ h upreninp: and "'ill h appe n in the fu ture. T ho'<' o f us- "' ho orr u\o\·al..e ond not Llind mu:rrt be •"' arr " ( t hr. ft~ r l th:tt "' t' nrt farinp. c- i,·il \Oo'a r. To th b f;, r t "'·e mu ~ t f'i,·e the "'·iJ est puLiicity. !"O that tht t·ataqr opht' "ill uot taLt' us L~· 1-u rpr i!-e a~ did thr "'·o rl d· "' '"· n l~o t"\fU'("ted lw man y and \'et nt~t t u rpr i.mj:! It• all o f U !o. Thr fea r, othrr"'· i~ ju.~ti· fwi.l . u r ' ' i•:Ji ntme th!' de,·il on tht \Oo'a ll. " .h all 11 0· lnnf't'r dt'trr u~ fr om !ohoutin;:. l<l it h a lithe l'lrf'n~h of Clur Ju nf'~: ''\), aLe up. oJI o f ~ ou. fr om your lo ng •IM:J •. and a!'> k yourt~-Ch~ "'·hethrr or n ot you want ci,·il "' ar ~" H "' e all o "'· thinJ!S to ~o o n A-' tht'~· h:l\"!' been 11:0 in(! . ch ·il "" ar v: ill cli me. At pr~nt it i" th e bour~t'Oi .. ir "'hich unro ns-i ous l~-an d .omeonlf!'! ._.,. rrpTr=tfull)· !'onfeo! ron.~iou!r.l y- i s prccipitat in(! tht !' r: .. i~ . The in("r~~onl npr=titi on of ca llin(t lhf' m ilit.Jf\' forces to arrn:-, for no hr1 ttr rr.:t~ o n thnn bour~"eoia ftho St fr ight; the imi &tent circula· tion of f :mt Lc tic rum on; • reaction whoee fiercr idioC\" remind .. U!l of the most a bhorrent pa!!t ; the inc3 P ari t~· o f our still es.i!ro lin g !')'SUm to undr r!-tand thr ne-rdc o f the h our : thr reiJ:n of a rredatof)· t\'lltt:m in o ur econ omic life , "'·h ich at preM"nt , after the tum ination o f thr "'·ar, •till hqlds prices up 11 an Unliii :Ji n aL ir hri~ht. in llpi tr o r lar~e stocU of tuppli ~. ju ~ t in o rdr r to makr Mill morr l<l' at "p rofiL&-a ll th ~ and mam· other c-:mditiOnl' h l!n 'C' created a fedinp: amon~ thr. workrn . o f "·hi ch a peat n umhrr o f u.s.· in ou r o ld insolence of power. ba\'e n o proper conception . H theo.e peopl'!' do r-cn!'-C r.omethin~ of the feelmf:!' of the ma.,.~. thry draw l<ITOnfZ co nclu~i o n s ond onh· inten ~i f~· th~ c frdinJ% s. Corrt:!<pondinJ% 1~· the (t'1"iinp- or Litterne-!' P O'-' !<> amOhf' th r \o'OrLer !l, end with it the inclinntio n to conqurr force l<l' ith force, • ·h irh in turn r.«rru to !lve reaction a moral justifi cat ion. A tremendous tension h a.c bttn !'real~. and a ap~trk will &uffi<'e to brinp: ahout the terrifac npl o· sion of c h·il "'·ar. And it H:"rr.rru that the &park may at any minute fa ll int o thi&accu mul tued heap o f ex· pla!i\'e m.1111er . Titt "''orker!" at this hour d o not • ·ant a readjustmrnt by ,·io lence . .:t1d a lar,:e tw:C · li on or thr.·hour~roi si e leans to-.·ardsJ peaceful M'l · tlrment; bur in the end the accumulated fo rco do n ot a.sk our \\' ill. the)' act aN"ordin~ to their own law. You that 11lrep and you that have been du~d . can -you pol tee • ·hat ia ~oinp: to happen if pre1e11t eonditioM ere •llowed to continue? What th .. n rr.ust be done ? Shall we preach puee and ~~:ood - willto rmn in the habitual mediillio~wa y? Shall "''e ask that both aides giwe up some of their deman.i& in order tO make everyt.hins well ~·in (u if it h•d ever been well )? rio, ihls " 'as newer our way. For u. it i. dear thnt the (!i~ a ntic filtUR~If: between lhe old llnd the new "' orld• rnu!-t"M foup:ht out. &d u it m.ay- be if thit happen!ro in a wiolent and bloody way. it will be "'·oro,c if thr. dedtion ia feu-fully avoiJed.. ll' e elso np<ct fHOU only w•ilh 1M ui.ctory of tM MKJ a ·orld. Tht: q11e&tion n~w is "'·hether blood 1t1d fire ue thi1 ,;ctory. We think not.. The totr ut- ~ : ~ c.\11 k fvuj!ht in another WI)' , if '11'1: UJI«t it to ~· rm~ the gtr.atcst amou.nt of welfare and 1he Jea,.t a.ltount of mi.fortune. But then "h at muat bt: done? \\"e think that from the aide of &he bourpo.iaie the followinsil DllCC!M"fJ : h ect..#ob:lf)" to brin~ ~tb€Jut ( 1) II mu•t ~ve up immediately the dictatins poli!' y \o\"IJic h it at pr~nl Uli-C:o, and endeavo r to come ro a byal. trustful underttandins with the Soc illl ist pr o lrtariat. (21 Ft.r thiA purpo~~oe it mu.sl m ake immrdiate politir al l·honf!ts, hrina ne"· men tiJ the r~poMlhle po! ts. An~· drla~· .js a crime. , 13 i It mu .. l talc l1urr iedlw in hand th~ .acial rrf()tm!'. 1<1l1 kh are r«ot~-niz,."d a s n«~ar~·. Mt that the \o\urkrrs ma~· ha,·e proof o f its t~Criow and h oneat intrnti nu'. l\ o fur t l n~r time mu st be lo!t! t-I l B<l urFeo i.s "'·h o rccop1ize the .uiousnes' of the f ilu 0111 un mu 't e mrjlf't ic-a ll )· rai!>e their \"Dices ""·hene,·er possi ble to enfo rcr. lhne reformL All thro ( orce- o f o ur J•eo ple mu ~ t Lc COnC'entratecJ on th i ~ o nr s oa l. If "" e ca n f"D h·r thi s pu\bl em in an exempl11r~· "' a~· . "' e ... ill Jun-e gin·n p~t M"n' i!'e n ot onh to o ur :o-(•h· ~ l•ut to the \o\·orld; but if we ; duH! l.o foh·e it \o\e {nrfrit our 'mo ral r i~ht to exil'- lcnct', and mf'rt'l~· urld one m ore wd P.petiAc le to tf1e ffi any o th e r~ th at the \o\·orJd is ""' iiD~ !>i ng to day. \\'hrn• arr the (· n u l\· he~. tht' N:h oob. the po litica l bsocia ti om ?" All rt'li !-'iOU' talk , all a.-,pirations o r l.:no \l!lt' tlJ!t', Bll ' J•a tr iotio: m lx!rco me a f' n ec r and 1 li e if heforc thi !i proLlem "'·e are unaLie to rai~ o urJooChe~ to th e p<b il io n where ~·e e&n act impartjaJi y. . As reJ%.uds the pro let ariat we thi n!.: that it can hrlp to t.t1h e th r p rol•trm in ~he fo ll o .-.·inR \o\'8\' : 1 J • It OUfhl to tr' cn-r~· non·\"ih lrnt (>f~~~ihi l it)' and n ot pia' "' ilh t hf' D• c tat o r ~ llip o f the Pro letar iat a nd ~>i mil a r \i o lent th ou~hls-M far at. th is i._.; n111 in jur iu u.s to thr neceto ~i t y of a ne"'· form o f tlemO('ran· and freed om. 12' It · ou~h t nCJt to allo"'' it!oelf lo l>f' dra"''n, throu J.!h JHm· ocn t i o n ~ fr om t ~e side o f the ho ur · Ft oi~it> . n o mattrl ._ ,, "'. pa\'e, into an~1hing that d ue- not gtf•""" out u f thr n ece!lis it )" of ih o wn !'OUT~ . Jt ,_ l'trtnj::lh lie:- in rt po!>C. t 3 • It o u1!1•1 to formulatr a ne\o\·, Aimple and pop ular prof.!ram o f lh e m inimum Cemand s t.h.1t it ha ~ to make Mnd imi .st upon their immediate realiutfon, and thU. withoDl ftoouocitJ< the ~~trU«­ gle to reach the final soal. (4 ) h OUflhl n ot to give up it. faith in the ultimate trutJ1s it 11tan~ for, nor, in &pile of all dW.. appointmenl!i, the belief in ~mod · will u a but. for . tnr"t:ting thos.e ~·h o outwardly be~on to the other camp. Thi!! ~ood ...,.ill U actually ere, hut doe. not find the mea w o f exprcuion. lp it aloll8· To both camps we wi.!h to Uy: ( ll Remember that •fter a bloodY conflict the Tictor as well as the conq Utted will be utterly ~;~d~~~~~ea:'dut1~1e br:d.:=cd~;;u !:Uw :m brinp. l..~n·n.t ofte-r harvest of its baLeful cunc.. ( 21 Try to "'' a~e the n~sary ci8.M war diffrrent~ l, ft vm the way no w being d o ne, not • ·ith the wea · pon.s o f hAte. me."\nncss and li~. but in a truthful and c hi \'a lro U!I fa , hion. contidering that a bad •trug~tle " 'ill ruin your own cau.e. (:$1 T ake a f.t an d at once against the ttim.inal •n ions o r a c.tT1nin pres~, and rtrnemLeT that you of the bour,eoi~ie luwe al.o an inflammatory pre., and a mo11t C\'il one. Tale a Aland again.t thia Hydra <'T iu flaming breath .; u w:t our land on fire. Ot~!'e more "''e say that tile deci.!lh-e ttruggle botween the old and new o rder of thing• we c&n.Dot and "' ill no t pre\'enL But "''e can and &bould free it fr om the force!- o f Hell. We call u pon all of )"OU - ·ho a re thus capable. We coli upo n truthfulneM. n o bi l it~· . L:.indne.§s, undrua.udin,. cheerful u crifice.. \\'e ~h o ut Ut i! • itb all the strenph ., e ha,•e at our di ~ poul, in &ta g;:-t:r inj! !' o naciou.sn~!' o f the gravity o f the hour. We ca ll in lht name of God. who "'' i6he5 ci\·il -.·ar as liule u any other war, we caU in thr name o f Ch rU.t to whom the Lull,; of o ur peoplro are co nf~!>td . and - ·ho wi!'he. to bring about rcconci liati ou thru.,).h f ore~ of a h igher order. An yo ne readin, thi s ia forth~ith made ruporuihle. n. err is no fate that reigns 0\' Cf w.. 'V. e still can ri i'IC to ...,· ar& the eum.rnit instead of tumhlins d own the abyu . " "ak.e up! Bourge.ois Dictatorship in Local N. Y. fCo...,iual fr.,. ,.,, I ) phrueol op- aa " ethi cal!~· unjuatifiaL ie llnd t•cticall\' suicida l." Ou r Part)' pres!', r ostrum!' , and conf. tllut ion form n fit"" h n l ~ trinit y for m hking the maM of mernkr ~ hip talc "onr 111ep forward , t-.·o step!! backward." BlJTTR f.!'S I~ G Til£ DICT ATORS UIP ~ l'\o"'· fo r the th ird dradl~· parallrl. The ca J. iH clas~ ha ~ man ~· mea n' enaLJing it to baffi the ""·ill u f the m.h!OO and tu tll\o\'Br1 thri r purp01.r. So h all the Parh Uurraocran. \\ i tue~~ the p owerfu l p're!o1i, ever \o\'atchful of the inler~t!" o f the Ho urgeo i ~ i e. Th i!<> m(;n~trr makes and unm ak ~ p liiJiit· op inio n, ...,·ins po liti ~al cam p aifm ~ . I~ 1d.t'S IRI .o r d1ampion5, impri!IOM its cia~~ ron. and ~-end~ millio n~ to untimel y pavee. The upitali!'l educat ion a l im·litut ions arc no le!il the up r ~!'ion o f CHp it.11i!lt r lu!< interests. Science is pr:ncrted , philo11oph~· is turned int o c racked trut h. tho u!-An d.<. of hi@:hly trained defcn drrs ~f capitalism 1re turned oul annuall y fr o m the um · \'tnitiN-. ipnorancC nmon~ the maMt:!l i..~ ... nctifted , and re\•olutiona n · men and mo,·emenU are hllflished. So are oli othrr means o f ahap ing and dr· terminin g thr. opini on! of the manes under co~ · plete bourgeois m~!lery . . The bourfCCOill dictat o l"fihip has full cconomtc po"-·er. h owns the land . the h ome.. and all the meana or production and eschange. fro m on high the bourfl'eoi !l dictaton dole out to the mred.: laboren the ir wedtly crumb!!. The bour~isie is lltead· ily STO\tt'ir.g richer and the proletariat poorer. . . T o el"en quntio n the ahl'-olute control of m1ln.ry power by the bourgeois dicuton i1 1Tea50n. The police, the umy. the nny, the alate Co..acka. the thu~!l. the courtll and .. undry tp«M. or jwtice di~ pen..cn JnOt,t .Ooquately buttraa tbe Bow-pt. Dictatonhip. The Partv Bureaucracy finda ilM'If Y'IO laM for· tunnJe. It Owru a prc:N which is c·onstaittly grow· i.ng more powerful llJld inO.seoti•l: Th~ rearcli?nary Socialir;t pnu debauche. the 1deal~ ~or which re\·oluti onar y coror1der.. ~ne gone ~o J••l. by •P· pealinp; to the bour(l:eo•~te for money , ~d ~y arranp;ing mer.tin~' o"ent1bl y to llL"t•t thctt ltber~· lio n but in realit y to fill iu 0""D coffen. nus prer.~ !'o ntrollrd h)· thoiot h i~hett in the councils of th~ y,.:-1 )" Bureaucracy, and &1 the d..irect be~-. of lhil Socia1Ut bu.re.auc:rac)', bloc:h the reYOiuUcm· ary .... - in "'" farty by nl•botl .-. plblio> W itncsa TM Colr, attitude to-ward l..eCt Win! advert i~en~ and towards .. re-organi.u:d" -rat.ber maM-Aned- branches. Thls prt!M, obedient to the d ictates of the Pan)' Bureaucracy , maJr..cs and WI· male!! the stllnding of Party membcn. Ever on f!Uard to pro long th~ life of the Party Bwef,ucracy, the pri\· atel~· O'-'"lted. Jeffer.onian·Socia.llat-Democ ratic preu blind~ the comrades &! to the nature of the S ITUF@:Ie~ of the re\·o lutionary Socia.l.Uta in Eu· r o pe. Hecall i~#o attitude toward the Bolabcriki ""·hen thei r fi uceeu appeared lmdt..obahle! Remember Th~ CoJr, notoriotu editori~fon the murder of LieLknecht and Lnembourg by Herr \"oo Schei~ mann , who m the POl!1)' Bureaucr-=r o"ncc brought to America to aisi.t their work a f .a..ifiing re"t"oluti ooary Socialiam here. The Pan,·'s ·educational imtitutiom are ao 1. . the expreu ion of the interest of the Dict.atonhip of tht' Burea1.0crau. The Rand School, in the main u""·ned and controlled by the Party BElt'eauc,..cy, and orga ni1.ed into " an organiution within an organWttion"'-the AmeTic.ILD Socialiat Sot·iety in the Amer ican Social iN Party --teach e., under the: name of Socialism, a travesty a..nd a mia:-qJrercat.tion of •the principles of •dentifi~ Socialism, u e.s:pounded by Morx. En~el•. Labriola, Dieur:n. Lenin. !.iehbecht. etc. This u.me Rand School annually turm out many defrnden of the Party Burelucracy. It aprud!l petty-bowp;coi.!l, p.c-ifi~ ud hcoee eountc:rrewo lutionary, n olion' of the el... IITUUI~ T'hU .. Socialist" echool of Social Science dot~~ 'DOt clare to giYe non -pcnertcd courii!S irJ Man.i.tm, {or fcar that th is ,.,nuld entail inYitins enmradea Dot in the it y. good grecoo of the· )!arty Bureoucracy lo bo tuch· en. Thnt i1 i~orade UDct.i6cd IUDOilf' the Par+'!" rank •nd file, tnd 10 are revolutioa.ary cutn'Dia ahut off from the Party. The Dict.atonhip of the Party llo.rooaaocy bu full economic power. The Braacb ~ &ad 1..-. a.re either part 111d pan:el of tho &r-o· eracy-. or at lcatt au.bjecl to ita dic:l...ta. 1M Party buildings.. printin& p...-ea. boolr.a.. due llamp&, funiture. and other property a.re 1u.bjecl to title. aDd monsageo hold by oho Socioliat Bo.roouc:rocy. The &reaucnu' ownenhip &rMt I"'JJrtrol of Party property have been r-owi01 lf'U&CI", aad the rW aDd 61e"a •--nenhip 111d CODtrol of Party pro.,-ty ...... ._, p-ow ... om&~ I«. (C_._. .. ,_..,). �) 1be New York eoa.-milt 7. A Picture ·of Soviet Russia By Muim UtriDoY Jlur0C1.1 from lwo lf'tkfl on I~ •iJ.u.oli.on &n Rwuo , oddreJutl hr AI. L i.J vin0t1, for~r Hu..u i.an Pl~nipolrnJwf) an London. to an Amnicon corre· • pundf'nJ a.1 t h~ rn.d of } aruuJ')' and tht m iddk o} lJt'ct'mbn lt:ut. T~ January lrttu i.J prinkd fir~t. 1 har /eltnJ orr pranud ~cauJr, althou,.h J MJ· n o/ monthJ old . thq 1-'"" a pLCtu rr of So~·U.t Rwsio 11.·hu-h mukrs UTI/K-'Jjlu,. tht C"ondili.oru deJcrik.d by thu u r,.A:' s nt'U I dUpatr~J . ] J\ CE m\· ).1$1 leuer a IZoud deal h a~ chunged. Thr a uthor it~ or the So,·i~~ h~s ntend_rd in every dlrf'('llo n. Thl' Uttish Commun l!>l5 h ave fl rmh: e-LaLii-hrd thrm~h ec in Fin land, the Lithuanilln Communi:-! ~ ha \·e ocC"'UJiil-d the peattr part of Lithuania. a~ the l ""k raiman Cummur~i~l..!l h ave captured .almMt a ll the hip: t o lm! "'ith t ~e ex~ep· t u,..n o f K1e\', r.uch a~ t\.harL:.o,·, Polttwa, U ntermo· • Ia,·, Tc hemiJ!o ~· . de. The PeLiuriam a re import· a.nt and mav -.til thern.!leh e- at an\' moment to tl1e Entente. j u; t 4.!1 Lht'~ pre,·iou.!!l}' ".;ld u.em-.t"l\'e!- In Germam·. Thr- E._.,thonil'm alone have had bad luck. they did not po~~ fouffic•ent fu rcr-~ to ~e­ Uin th~ d•~tricts "·h ich thev had ra·aptured . .,.,·lule the Ru!o.-inn Sovin.r. refrain.ed fr om !o('nding troop~ there in order not to pw\'uL.e Finland to .,.,.ar. M ~:11~ures, ho"''t''t'r. ha,·t ht""en ta ken to pre,·ent the E~thnniun nnd Finnish \\'hite Gu:u d~ from pruceed· in~ bf"\'Ofld the r r ~nt fro nt. In the E.ut, after the caPture of OrenbuTft and l'fa. "'' e are npccting the fall of Zl atou~;t. Th~: defeat 111 Per m . .,.,·hich ha.!! be-en Wl much e:t.af!~et .:J ted ahrnad, .....u !>Cared ~· notit'ed in H ~ia. There. M in f1.1t home, 11 ....·a~ a ca~ of t re.1c her ~· on the part of the commanden. l11 Lhe Sout h. General 1'\ra~ n o,· i ~ idlinf! his t ime a .,.,·ay. In !,,~ria the .... orlr.en and }M'ASanlA do not cea...o.e to re~ l. The commi11ee of the Constituent AMembly pro· po.ed to the So,·iet Go,·emment an a lliance for joint action ~!!ain.!!ol Jt\olchal.. TchernO\', .,.,·ho had fled from 1\.olch.J.: to l"fa. h a~ Tt'Cei,·~:d perm~ion to JTturn to Mosco"f\·. The Mem.he,·iki. too. han: re· emt"f~ed, bu.t continue to chant their dirP,Cft· A new cum p irac ~· of the Lch Soci:ali!ol Re,·olutionaries ba! been detected , but · it i~ of a local chuacter. Lenin i~ tryi.nr to unit.e all _tht Sociali~t partie. ...·J. ich recognlU' the So,·•et TC'fflmc!, but down below, nmon!t the m~. the Menshe,·W and ·Socialist RC'\·olutionario i.m:pire peat d istrust. The arm)· coutinu~ to gr~.,.,·. and in a couple of plOnths .... ill Amount to teVeral m_itpon! : . 11umk~ to imporU from Ukrome, the food t.ltua· tion at MobCo""· h ll!i 1051 its acuten~s. but there is little fuel , and Lhe people are fluffering nctali••glt from cold. At J'etrograd nen Lhe f.ood aituation U · h ad. The reporU about disturbancefi are lin . The All.ied hlock.ade ia condemning the country to t.la rva tion and cold. The Scandina,·ian coun· trie& ha,·e broken with U!- \'er-y uil""·illingly.-yielding to the p res..cure of the Allies ""·ho pr~nted them ....·ith an uhirnatum. ·ing to this rupture, we are unable to im}'ort from Denmark \'eg-etable .eed.!! to the amount of 40,000,000 rouble, ~·hicb .,.,.e had · bou(t:ht there and p:.aid for in CA!!h. We cannot im· pon ag-ricuhural implemenl.!l anJ mach in~ from Sweden ; and tl•e British have forbidden them to U · p on evet~ paper to Russia. A la rge quantity or flu bou ~ht by Lhe ·S ~·edo in RuMia and com·eycd from Petropad in R YMian bottom.!! ""'A.!! r.cized h)' . the British at R~·al a.nd taken to British poru. We are being wangled and deprh·ed or thelos.sibility of bettering tl•e internal condition!, an )'et it ia we ....·ho are made r oponsible for thf" con!'equencea. Neutral countries are being forced to boycott U!, and lhen lhe fad i.! UJed u proof of our wicked." Dee8. . . . . . . . The decisive (acton in the situation at preecnt are: (1' the complete collapae of the coun· ter-revoJutioo and the dis.appeara.ncc: of oppoeitiob W ide the c::ountry, and (21 the form~~'tion· of a lars e. cfkient. and weJI-diacipliued new army. Whatever Yiew one m..y take of the activity of the Extraordinary Com..mi-iona (for FiPttins the Coun· S o. . ter of a prott.a demonlltration. The r ing-leaden ....·er": •bot at tln~ inatance or the dcmon.&tratufl them· tel\'ef., Th~ Lch Socialit.t Rr,·olutionarico. "'·ho, up to the time or thr! Gt-rman Re, ulution, had been indul@:ing in lachr ymo~ plaint.a about tht ..Brest nOOM:,.. have no.,.,· celmrd do"'·n -"nd Cor the m~t p11rt fu .!IIC'd with the Communi~t part} m \ lnue of a decision of their centra l commillte. The ~1en~ht':'\·ilr. Untral Com· m illoe i• . ll!'~a l ing for the • upvort of the Suviet Go\ ernmenl and fo r a f1 ght a~ainst the counter· re \ O)ution, t}IOUf[h it fe()e.].tS, tO "ll \ ' e 8pp<:atanee&, the helplew- twad1lle aho ut the Con~tituent A~m· hi\·. E\·tn till! J""'· i!·h llun<f_ i,., indi ,· id u~tl h and l'O.llecti\•eJy, mlf!r llllllf! inlu otirvt'amp. Qf the.Jnter· nat~ana li~t.!l and thf" " .\ o' .:l}·a Zhin•'· group ..career)· an ~1h ing need Le toaid. Tht)' ha'e fur a long t ime pMt be-en "''orl.:ing con•<: ient io u ~ l~· in So,·iet institu· tions. Cork'· and Andrt'\e\·8 l hi ~ ""ifei ha,·e un· re.ooen ·r-dly j~ined U.!!o, co~fmin, their critici.6ma to tht litt le det:ril!l o f tl1e biEt machi'le. A!l for the ,·ill aFet fo. their fume o f mind i.J; best illu.!ltrated IJy the rec-ent COnf!TO!I or tlle Po\C'rt)' Corruniuee. or the L' niori of l'ion.hem Communes, "'·hich ....·u attended. be~ond e'ipecta tion, by n o ft.,.,·e r than l b .(J(J() df" IC'rat ~. A t.ug,::estivn to form a moJel repiment of 4.<-.JO fr om among the mem· ~r~ of the cong:re:.~ .. .. met by the immediate offer to enr oll un the part of 6,000 deleg.:rtcs. Alto· gether. the for mation of tl•e Po,·en y Committt'CS in the \'illaf;I"'S has JlfO\'ed a !!Uccessfu) rheasure. TI1o;.e ('O mtn i ll t~e!iJ are wa,;inf a ~ urx-~sful batt le .,.,·itl1 the ,·iliage ,·uh ureo; and the r ith ~·h o bo.J contrh·r-d to entrench th em~h·~ in the \'illage So\·ieu. of the o ld tyve. But tl1e rich pea5allt.s, too, are ho~i le, not •o mur h to the So,·in Government aa to the collection of tue-. !\fobili.z.ation i~ proceeding almost e,·err " ·here ptell)· IU IX'e~~full~·. Tht peau.n\5 fEather at the \'atiocs centr~ ....·ithout any comj>uh:ion "'hattoe\'eT The iJett of the neco.~> it y of act i\·ely prot«ting the Peop le't; Go,·ernment is tolriking ~p rootfl. . . . Th(' food ~upp ly h a.!- pe:..tl)· impru '·~.. but ia 1till ddect h·e, partly on account of the difficu lt ies of trant'pon, b ut a l ~o in part o"' inr to the dh.hone.;ty of the aOo\·e·menlioned elements. Bread, ho....·e,·~. il' ~;upplied to the tO"""Il' pret1 y regu larl y." .,.,·hile ~~~~;r.~!~~~re0~i~~i~~t~~~~~· ~~:~ ~ !b~~.f~t~~ 5ullicient quantiti~ r eACh t!1e 'to "''tl!'. In the corn· po....·ing pro,·incef, the number of ""·hidt b as of latr considerably increased. thaW to the clearing-out of the Cucho-SiuvaU f rom tl1e Vol ~a. the peaYnlll aupply the el~nton .....·ith • ufficien l quantitiet or grain. but the further traruport to the capitAls ~t i ll lea\'f'!S much to ~ d N ired. Ill icit ~;elf-prO \'isioning h as been suppteslied. yet th~ r ich bourgeoisie ~;ti ll contrh·es to oLtain a bM)Iutel )' everything for mOne~·. All tl1e restaurants. hn~ been clollonl, and in their plat'e puLiic kitchew have heen opened ....·here the population can get c~upon d.ion~n. far from luxuriou!t and not al ....·ays 64\i...fying. n.eir number ia still insuflicient. and queut'l, unfortunatel y. are not of rare occurrence. The .hop.!!, too, ate alm~t all do~ or n ationa liz.ed, and all articl~. as well u food..stulf'•, are distributed h)· the food committCiel6 amonf!: the dil!trict centr~.....·bb,ce they are deli\•. ered to the houte committees. Prices are f1:1cd for ever)•thing. and are, comparative!)· •pealing. not high. Bread, for inllance, i.!1 wid at Moecow •t 60 kop«h {h. 3d. at pre-war rat~ I a pound, while the bourgeoi~ic pays, by buying from iliC@'al tradetfl, 10 roubles 1.£1 at pre·"''"' rates) a pound. The tame ratio between the 6:1ed and free price5 ~o~.ft~eiCo'!:n::i:~.a!!,:!';~ct::!:~:k i' becarried on fM-eti.!!hl )', hut naturall y the prect.i· ca adminimation it conaiderahly behind the let· inf in cboosiDf! the. UbaiDo, finland, ond Inforeip eou.otrica u the 6elda for their in Ru. 8;sh~ trip& aia iu.eU. apart from amaH rioU which tporadically break out in iaolat.cd \'il~ in eoo.oect.ion wil..b the mobiliutiOD, or QD<kr tile in.Sueoce of tbe qi· t.aliun of re.actinnarie. from ouuide, there have of late been DO con•riracla a.ud 'DO reLeJiionL The-e have boeo tpoe.d~and peaceabl y coped with for a: :r.: r:;o!.!ur~ ~ r.:tc moDiha oailon in Petrosrad, bot tlw bo.. """" tho cJwK. rear M ~»eow i• al.olua.ely calm. l.n the p~ in connection with the celebration of"lbr Bolaberilr. Re,·o lutio:J alm::u!t the entire population took pan. [,·en the bourgeoi•ie a.hibils no •iF of bocility • mi Kh id.m.aki~. 1f it had not beea for the 8lllCI'C h.:>J)CS c l the O\-erthr ow of the SovM:u by the Allied umi~. the bourgeollie would h ave already .rec::o. ci!ed iuell to the new rq:irne, and woo.Jd have ada~ e<l it ~ lf to it. \\ltat iA causing compl. is DOl the r egime i~lf. L~t the corruption of i.JIIiridaal officials. of ....·h ich J ~r.ok.e Wore. Tb.ia, indeed, it our ch id e\·il at preeenL lt ia the kpey of lha Tur'ti J"'r!ime, intensified h)· the wu ·U.d the iDcrea~d ::05t or lh•ing cauaed by iL AA IIOCb. il ia . . longer a P.peci6c Hw.fian evil, but il well ·n~ iD· ternation.al, being r ife in all count..ne. of w._... Euro~. eap;ec:ially in Germany. Of COQI'IIe, thia aod other' dercci.t. of the new repm.e un aDd will he e liminated, and. in •pite of th" !igant:ie d.ikolU. ::.e~:i~~h~.~:rrT:J·= =~~:e.~"';{:. l o~~a l di mem ion~. The activity of tiK Commu..r. iat of Public lo.!!truction ia evokiop;- t.he admir.tiOD even of the _bourgeoitie. more particularly tbt pro- , .ition of bot break.fut for all cb..ildrea iD ·tbe tcbools: The tl1e1uu an: wo~ .. before., aad e\·en the former Court acton aad aciJ"rael llne,. mamod at their poota, beins b ;~hly Ntis601! wioh tioe large measure of autonomy granted to thaa.. re.tartef Factorif:fi can only be KCOrd..i.q • nT material and fuel beeome nailable. The ecooom.ic: rer:on~truction ;,;. ,hampered. to a Jar~ ~ by the miliwiz.ation of the_country. llaTi.Di a.lell a luge &nn)' ahd ~ng on a wu at 10 IUJrf front!, ""·e are oblitcd. in a rne.uure, to ral.oll'e 10 iu. plaCe of h onor the old priDCiple, •&erytb.i..aa for the war." hutead o~ .WO, tbe nailable . rollin,: fl ock for the con\'e')'&DOe of uw ma-ial and foodJn uffa, ~·e are obliged to employ it f« t8a traMport of troops, food. aod war m.d.erial to t.be f ronl!. If you add to thia the ~~eva-e bl~ lry the Allie., • ·ho do not allow evm aeutral eoCIIII:J"ie. to aupply u.a with the mearu o f prodoctiOEL, w\:Ucl they are prepared to ncbange for our tarplaa ll.ock of ra~· material, you ""·ill unden tand th.t it ;. DOt the weakneae of the So\·iel repme, bU1 oar deti:re to restore hea lthy economic condiioru io Ru.ia. wbicll hu ... rompted our offer of Jl'f*'C' to the All~ ••• • \l'e a-. p;oin! to repc~t h oooe apin. ud., if it ir refuftC'd , there ""·ill be nothing left for 111 &o do bat throw upon the Allied Covernmcou the rspoaa;. b;l;oy for lh< colo... I bloocbhod ond tho dnuutioe of Russia ""·h icb will in~·it.ably rault froaa d.i:r further interw.ntiotL Kno~inp; u I cJt, the feellas or the maua., ' c.an eon6denlly predict t.b.at in e.. the Allie. or the White' Guard. auprorted by tb.l lihould attempt to adv1.00e against Ceatral R--.ia, they ....·ill not find any bourpi1ie kit t:bere; il ....-ill be e:rtenninalcd to a man. Evea DOW tbe C.O.. emment ,6nds · it very dikuh to ratraiD ~ popa· Jar wrath again.t the forei~ aqd Dllti'l'e bovpoM -the 'wrath cauaed by the ruptW""e of dip.lom.lic TCiatiu~ by the neutral Powen., which hue dedW on thi ~ t>lep mainly under the pnsaun of tbe A.l.lied uhimo~t.. Howe,·er, the Soviet rqlUae placa iD chief hope wpon the working elaa. ill the Allied :ountrie.• .,.,·bkh. it upect.~, will ult.imaiely ..-U. the real ainu and objecb of the iot.erYentioo, whD haa now IMt ita former pretext of ~ Ute C.· IDIJll,. •••• .The Communist Book Department . t<r·Re>·olut;on, Speculation, and SabotAso) , they are eotitl'!d to the eredit of bari.n! ~. withia a aht.rt time, in dearins Runia of all the moa actin counte:r·revolutiooary and ccm•pir:r, · "'-Thu b&o beeu achic:..d not oo much by yoical ... tamination, u by the iDtimid.ation o. the hour· pi1ie. The capit.a.IOO, D\ODarehiata, ud Soci.alRevolutioD&J"ia of the Ris}1t, ebooa.ios the bea.er part of vaJor, bJYe, for the IPDa part,eoupl Mfety ltlation. Perfect pubUc order reip i.e both capi· u l.., "llld a ll reporl.l of brif;a.ndap;e aDd murdu ia the ltrcets are al.olut.e fabricatio-.. In Moecow th~ atreet.!l are fuJI of people up to mldnicht. Nat M1ly th~ common inbabil.&nU, but alto Lbe .,oopl.;'• Cnmm..i,.Nr.t X" about in the nipt withoal UIT eecort and ....·ithout of anack.. A N.w t..tt.r to.- w.nr.. e1 Prioo,S_... ... ~ Lota ol ........ .u. 100, ..,a.! ~., .... A - - . .. By N. t..iD I -.u.a,IOtolOO,S~- ~ .. . ,· Jly N. I..ia. Price, 10 a-u., 7~ T• Da,.. n.t s-... ... W..W. •••• Jolm Roed'a Stor) of tho Bol"-iit R..olatioe. Aaooot!nJ>b EditloL Spodal Price to Comradeo who Order thro~ Ta& CoiDIVI<ln lloolt ~ ln Prepanlioc: A y - ef ..........._ ~.,. • : : ]. 05cial R•pon of lloe R...W. So'fiol G o - oa a!l A.dio,ltioo uol ~ ol, tho Proletuim Republic from No....- ~ 1917, to o.-1., 191& Abool #IT I"!"'· p. per """". Prioe II. Spooial R.oa.. r.. .,...W.. ~~ · · . · • , _:,.--- · �1'1te New York Communlat The Geneology of Righ\-Wingism By John Everett "MOOEH,\TE SOC IAU M" - Mcr,.hc••i•m Hight \Viugism- ii! the bastard ofT-!pring of tl1c Cor(" "'w i.st .\lmrifesto oud the Dnrwiuinn Theor)'· The "modernte'' or "constructive" Socialist has for ha lf a centurr nd\·ocntcd a t )·pe o( social cVolu·· tion which ;;hnll slowly, cuHI in ltll order!)' manner, transform Cnpit:1lii!m into the Socialist Common· wea lth Lr slow a11<l n l mo~t imperceptible degrees. , ~::~fisr~~~~~ ir~~~::~::,~: n~!d0~h!~1 inp~oJd~sri~i~!de~~~ erotic" lit/lies soc ial change must be nccomplished through the p:1rlinmentnr y system, the " moderate" Sociu list nrrh·es u l the fmsc innting conclusion thnt nil we IHI\'C to d o is to keep on p:t!!ing lnws--cun· ning;i)' frnmed;or course, h)· Socinl ist politis:inns- thnt will , little !Jy little, wh ittle awn)' the capitalist ll)'.l!tem uutil it finnlly disa ppears beneath n moun· tniu of ~ltltut cs, constitutional mncndmcnts, city ordinnncCi!, 111\J nil the other by·products or the bourgeois " democratic'' stole. In uccordnucc with this program, the Right Wingcn hnvc crcntcd ••II thnt imposing nrrny o£ " innnctlinlc demands.. an1l ''trnnsitionnl programs," wh k{• c:11l for law11 esta bli ~ hiu g uemplo)·ment In· fiurnlkC. Acciilcut. Dcnth mul Sickness lnsumnce, the Eight I-IOII f Dtl)'. Abolition of Child Labor, De· crcn~ of Arm:uncnts and- incongruously enough - Hcputlintion of Nutionnl Debts! Thct i'. i<f ('ou r~c. nrc not Sodnlist demand:s. The)' urc fH~t i t LourJ!cois reform'". The)' enlist the ncti\'e support of smull property owners, little trndesmcu, go\·crnmcnt emplo)'Ces, nnd advcntur· ou!l profcs.. iunal nwu , the Iutter consh;ting largel/• , of lnwrcr!i. Ouri••g the I n!'! ten )'Curs, the oil · line Ctl llitnlist purties ha,·c ..Cilccl ur,nn mnny of. thC!oC "StH:inJi11t'' llt!IIHIIUf!l aud Jl llllkll in the " trau:-illonnl pr11grnms," nnd put them into more or I .;;!' dft:l·ti \'~; OfU!rntiou. In fnce t)f tlti ~. the "I'On:-tructivc Sociulist" proud. Jy iu ~ i~U that the cnpitul ist class is di,:giug its own grnve, uud thnt the ''stea ling" o£ "Socinlist" de· mnntl1e. In· the cn pit r~ li5t pnrtics demonstrates the truth of the proposition thnt soc ial e\•olution must proceed upon modcrnte nnd constructi\•e lir.es. The " int e ll cctun l ~" nmong the " mode.ntcs" llfJ· penl. mnong other things, to Liolopy to support their tlll'orics; the)' quote Darwin s "Origin of Sp.:cics" in pruo! thttl the)' nre right. Tho hi ~t nry of th:H book is cxt rcmell• signiftcnnt , It wns fir,:t publishc1l iu 1059, and s 10rtly nft rwnrd wn!!; wclcu tncd br the bourgeoisie or the world with ~ren t cnthuo: iao:m. Oul y the dnJ.:mM of orthndo"< religion stood in the wny; Lut astute ministers of the Church quickly ;u;comrnodutccl the story of the Crention of Dnrwini ~m . h)' exfllaining thnt the BiLle really did not mean whut it said. hut fJUitc the contrnr)'. At that time cn)Jit.nlism hnd just triumphed. It hnd !Ceurcd :1lmost und i~puted control of the Stale, it wns in its compctiti,•e hea,·en o£ adulteration and CltfJioitntion, its income from domestic nnd foreif,'ll mprkets wns piling up fabulous wealth, and "e,·erythins "''as for the best in the best of all pos· sihle worlds." It was very much to the bourgeois interest thnt 110 violent convulsion shoultl upset crt dit or impede the normal flow of imlu.Jtrial pro· duction. At the sarnc time, the victors in the com· petiti,•e struggle nnturnll y dominnted in industry, politics ami socin l life, nnd having won "success" through competition, believed vcrr e:trncstly in the virtue of competit ion mul its coroiiAr,r, Lnissez Fn irc~ It wns the zenith o£ the 1\lnnchcstcr School. Darwin sl10wed thnt the most int cn ~c struggle for sun•iva l runs through al,l forms of life- that struggle iS the fundamental law of ull life forms. And he showell that out o£ the struggle for exis· tencc, merci Jco;~ J y wnb"Cd in a "nature re(l in tooth nnd claw with n l\'in," had emerged types and s1a:cics which hnd survi,·ed by rcnson of their fit . ness alone. Coincident with this. he showed that the de\'clop· mcnl of species from 11 couuno11 'uuccstry h:td bt.'C n an infinitel y long proce~s. nrhie\'ecl by the uncens· ing nccunmlntion of minute mh·:.~ nta ges inherited nnd dc,·Cloped by countless gcncrntions. i\.nd, look· ing o\'Cr n world plunged in the misery of relentless compctiiion for mere sun•h·ol, he sijnhed from n grent heort O\'Cr the prOSJ)CCt of its eru less continn· otion, with nil its. sufferings nnd triumphs, Coul<l ony philosophy fit more completely the re<1uiremcnts of n system of e'xploitntion nml com· petition more riterciless thnn 1111)' whiclr e,·er J·,)ag\led mnnkind '! Coulcl nny philosophy so lwppi )' justf: fy the horrors of the cnpitulist system? Abo\'e nil, here wus scientific justi ficntion of the desire of the property·owning class for .n stable social S)'.!l· tem, free from th o~e revolutionary lllO\'ements which so sadly upset the \'Cry bnsis of enpitalist production nnd prol'it ! · Cnpitnlism mul IJnrwinism went hand in lwnd. They h'ere the moulders of socinl thought. On ly n few mngnificently in ~le pcndent th inkers, like i\lnrx. B:rkunin, Kropotkin, cnu ltl break the mould, nnd run into new nnd freer forms. In this soe inl mould. then, lie the foundations ' of " moderate, constructh·e ocinlism'' - the creed which domir.nted the Second lnternutionnl in 1 9 1 :~, Bourgeois Dictatorship in Local N. Y. (Cfmtillut'rljrom page 6) lu their fight t o ~t ern the tidnl w n \'C C'l f the Left Wing, the Socialist·Bourgeois <lictntors hn\'c not l•csitotcclt o u ~c police nnd thug l'ow ·r. Hcmember thnt tho re!II0\'1\I or furuiltlr. in the 1i th i\. D. SUC· the mo~l \'ociferous resolutioning. The nrbitrnry. hu rcnucrntic, legn l technique o£ our Party constitution mu!!t be discnrded. The nmount of wea lth llll<lthc socinl position nttnined in cnpitn list society lnst ofiicinl meeting of l.ornl New York's Central Committee w:1s ndournCcl with the n~sist n m:c of n Pol icc Cn ptnin. Hc111emher thnt 11 Murmun!lk Vic· tory 1\rch Alderman hit a Ldt Wing spokesman nt n Ccntrnl Committee meeting! The Socialist Bu· rcnuerncr. exploits its conttol o£ the Purty judicial powc.r most hrutnll )'. Workers who show thorough cln~s·con sc iou~ ne~s nre not perrnitccd to j oir> the J>nrty. ;md rcnctionarie!l ore rushed in. Vicious, unfounded chnrgcs nrc preCerrl!d ag:1iust Left \Ving spokesmen, nnd the stnge is set for rendering them "swift" justice. The d ictntorship of ' the Socinlist· Bourgeoisie through its control of the Party courts, ruthl ~.s l y snhotap.cs nil efforts of the rnnk nnd file to tli ~ i(J iinc nntl hring justice to the Hight \"'('ing officin ls, CongrcS-:omcn. nnd Aldermen for their uller lliHcg:nnl nml continuous ' 'iolntion of Party rulc..s nml princi ples. re\·olutionnrr prOJ)agnndn , nnd not the mere hold· ing of office in bourgeois legislntures. The re· born ocinlist Party mul)t base its tnctics on science, nml not on twentieth century Utopian·pncifist hu· mnnitariunism. Our members must nil Le trained in the principlfj o£ s.cientific Socialism. Educn· tion must supplant fiiiiiiiS)'• The class busis must he our only htH/1is in our nuitude and policy toward nil problems o cnpitnlisrn. ·~~~!~~~~LI;1:~1c\)e~1,:~:~~~C~:~~~~:~i.onl~~::;~':.',l:~~dtl:~; ~::~ ~;~, no~~~:W:,r ~~r~>\c~iit•~;i:.ift ten~:.~ :~:~~~.g ~} I Til E TASK IIEFORr. US. Comrndcs! The He,·olution will ne\·er come through the good grnces o£ the High Mngistrntcs of cnpitnlism! Nor will C(uhmunisrn be attained tlu:ough worshipping the fetish of n politicnl mn· j ori t~· with Capitulism iutnct! The Dictatorship of the Bourgeoisie will ne,·er b~ .un dc rmined b)' pnr· liamentaq • ''ictories! The clnss slruggle will nc\'er be won in the temples of Bourgeois Jusricel Only ~O~ IAI.1 ::.1· 1',\ RT\' ,\ SD OOt.:Rta:o u; SO tl-: T\', re\'olutionnrr nnl!l!! action organized into n Prole· Co mr:ult·~! " The working clnil~ cAnlltll ~ impl y tnrinn Dictntorshil' c:tn sweep nwnr the Bourgeois tyrnnn)' ntH! inaugurnte Communism! The llou'r· ):t\' holt! of tlw rc:Hh·.nmdc State m:lcltinen ·. nnd usC it fo r it:" O hlt pur·,,o..e:.:.." The bourf!.cui~· dictn- geoisic must be cxproprintccl. The cn t}i tn li ~l must he omtecl from power. All counter·re\'olut ionnry t or~ h il'· •d u'thr r it he cns:-nck or rcpubl icnn. can't Lc ultcs·rd (t, · our 1110:-t .si uccrc dc.. ireo;, The burcau- effo rt:~ of the Uou rgcoi ~ ie must be rut l d ~s l y sup· nbotase o£ intlustrr hy Bou rgeois lend· rratil' , n rbit~"ill')'. gcu~r;1 phic nnturc of the' Stnte p res~cd. mu.;l he di-cnrdcd, The ri{!:ht tO dctermiue the er:o mu ~t be crushed nl nil cost. To li ~ h tcn ;~ II this fol'ln uml nr1111re of ~oc ict y mu ~t he the: right o nl~· pnin of the trnnsitii>n Jlerioil between cn pituli:nu :mel o£ th o~c \\ho du :-ocinll )' lll'\' Cs~a ry work. Not the Conmmnism. the Prolctari•m DictntorshiJl must be RlllOUilt of \I CIIlth ,t lt\tl~SciJ . l.nt the tb~r<'C o£ :<OCin( ~et up. Yc~. Thu! onl y will the workers learn to con· us<'ful nc~~ is to be the cril criun of socinl stnndinr:; trol Industry .md Production ami to mnnnge the nf. in the Commu ni~! ... ociN y! , fairs of society. The "ictory of the proletJrint will Co mrnde~! The 5ocin l i~l Pnrty M nt present or· gnnized nnd m:mn{letl. nn ' t ov~r.nit:ht become n be nttnined through n world.wide federntion of Sorc,·olutionnr)' Pnrl)'. The dictntonhip of the So· Yiets! Comrades! The Socialist Part VC'lf :\ ciaHst-Bourgooisic cMnot be de!troycd by meant o£ \ . nnd coll npscd ul the fir~! heat of 1hc w11r drums-the ..Socinlism" so ndmirn Li y rcprc...ented b)' Kcrcn· sky in Hussin, Ebert nnd Scheidenumn in Ccrmnny, busy butchering the prolctnrint in the intcrcst!J of international cupitnlism; und b)· the Hight Wing in America. As n matter o£ fact, the '' moderate Socinlist" had long before the war ceased to be a Socinlist. He was a fool, deluded by half-bnkc'd economic theories, h)' nh nntiqunted schoo l of biolog)' ; he rushed headlong, not into the Socialist Commonwealth, but into the impossible senility of Stnte Cnpital· ism, To this dny, ns he wonders uncertain I)' among the ruins o£ cnpitalis.m, the "Socinlist intelk-ctu<~ l " hus not disco\'ered thnt biologicnl science hns complete· lr abandor'J ed the Darwinian idea of the e\·olution of species by. slow nnd nge·lortg processes. ns being not in conformit)' with obser\'ed facts. The "mod· ernie Socialist'' hn.s not kept pace with the de,·elop· ment of hiologr. He docs not know the catncly"mic theories ,Jemonstmtctl h )' the modern biologist.:; such ns i\lendcl, De Vries, and others. Thei'c obi'cr\'crs 1ut\'c discovered thnt sometime:.; species arc pro· duced almost O\'ernight. Others have ~h o wu that for the sun•iw1 l of !urge number!! of ~ pcc ies, the factor of " mutunl nid" is as importnnt :1s i :o~ irul iviilunl ·\'ictOf)' for other forms of life in tht!' cnulcr forms of the slrugg:le for existence. lu Lrief. the ''c\'olu· t i on n r~·" theory o£ Dnt win has h<.'C n profoundl r modified hy the '"cn t acl y~m ic" fnctor. The d is· CO\'er)' o£ the nuturc of prot6pln~m by Dr. !'\Inc· Dougal; mmounccd on "Apri l 2:Jth in the New York T imi:5. with its corollnry of the po:.sihil ity of creal· ing new s.pcc ies from the omries of plants by the injection of certain chcmicn ls., cornplctd y destroys the time· fnctor in the Darwin ian theory of orgnuic C\'olution. It is stgniflcnnt of the utter brenk·down of the "consi ructh·e intellectunl • Socinlist.. school of thought, thnt the :·cotaclysrnic" theory in biology nnd chemistry wns de\'cloped nl nbout the some time th:tt European Lnbor l\'l <wement Lcgnn to brenk n WO)' from the lendership of the "orderly evolu.ionists," tmd resort to drastic forms of direct nction under the stimulus (\f syndicalism, indus· triolism, ond other cntncl ys•fric methods o£ social progress. The hnnkrupiC)' of the "orderly C\'olutionnr)'" philosoph y n£ Darwinism todny is no less complete thnn the bnnkruptC)' of "orderly e\'ol\itionnry" So· cinlism. confronted with the living fnct or the Social Cntnclysm. ne\'er L<.-come a proletnrian orgnnizution through the good graces of the. high bureaucrats of the Hight Wing. Nor ,\'Ill the lcs.sons o£ the Bolshe\·ik nnd Spartncnn Re\'olutions .be len rned by the American working class ns long ns the ownership nnd control of the Socialist Pnrt r h)' the Right Wiug Burcnu· crnts rcn;uins iniac~. The Dictutorshill bf the So· cinlist Pnrty Bourgeoisie will ne\'er be undermined by useless resolutioning, and purposeless. indefmite discussion. The struggle of the muss o£ the mem· bership ngninst the Socialist Party BureaucriJ.cy will ne\'Cr be won in the domains or Part )' legal technique. Onl r re\'olutionary mass erTo'rt gnl\'nll· ized into n Left Wing organization can sweep away the tyranny of the Hight Wing Bureaucracr and bring td\ birth an uncompromising Socialist Pnrtr, worthy "\of union with the Bolshcviki and Spartncnns. The Socinlist Burcnucrncy must be uprooted. Tit'! Hight Wing terrorists rr.ust be ousted from Pari)' control. All nllempts of the Hight Wing directors to hinder the realization of the will of the m'nss of l"nemLer· shill must be decisively defeated. Snbotnge of P~t y life by the Hight Wing chiefs must he. stopped ill nil cost. In the lrnnsition period bclh'eel~ ty· bourgeois nnd Cornmunis.t policies and lactic , mnny pernicious innuences and peri lous sit r'iiiions wi ll be encountered. To O\'Crcome nil these 1 tc tiCS, the Lefi Wing organi:r.ation must be bu ilt nn supported. Thus onlr will the rank nnd file learn to cont iol nnd mnmtge the arTnin of the Socialist Party. Tl1e "ictOr)' of the re\·olut ionnry elemenls of the Socinl· isl Pnrty. i. c.. of the Left Wing, wi ll be nllnined only through the systcmatic:t lly united efforl.6 of uncompromising Soci:rlists .the country O\'cr . • ) Left Wing Speakera, Attention I The Outdoor speaking season is upon u s, 1\'lnny brnnches will hold open air meetings, ami r.oqi.MIIU for Sl)enl.:ers nre so numerous that we cn!WIIl lll('o' ply the demand. \Ve urge all those who nre ~h or speaking to send in their names and ~ to the !ccretary, 43 W. 29th St., s nd sltee wt6 dates tbey are wiJiinJt to J[i\·e. I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New York Communist, 1919-05-31 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- Periodicals. Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-05-31 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .N35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-NewYorkCommunist_v01n07_19190531 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-13 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v01n07 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 8 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States New York Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Bourgeois Dictatorship in Local N.Y. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. New York Communist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/f2b12fda562cb7b8154c65898fbd4314.pdf 4acbcba38b26584ada4dcfb37dfe7b63 PDF Text Text oh~ New York COMMUNIST Vol. I, No.6 New York, Saturda.y,' May 24, 1919 Price 5 cents Clearing the Decks ~ IIII.U,H'IT IHJ!> M OUIU l rm~ n •t irc·uu·rll wit h 1111 fur :\I n\' 2 1 ~ 1. Pmer ~t·d frn m hi ~ u rl it·lf' in T/!f' Cn/1 •·nt it lr•rl. ..The Sn1 · iali ~t . Tn~k inlt·rnntionnll )'. Not HS trmlc un ions, nor even as ::::·i::: •. ~~Hiu-.Jr i.t! tmillll'l, lout It!~ m1c working-cia~ nnd Oulluuk": lh-.·.w ..c o f Jaj.,. po~ itin n iu the I'M· ty, t h i.: artidr· mu~t u ut lw 111krn a:- tl w 1'\: Ji fl'!i."irln nf 1111 ind i\idual. Lt i:- pu],!i .. hecl in '/'/,,· (:,/1 in ju ..t th(' m:uuwr tha t the prunmwiamcntu.. rof J n mc~ i\1. Br ~· k art• pub ]i..lwd in 7'/tt' Tim••.f. It 11111~')w rc· gurriPd a .. H :-l'llli · ol~, · i.rl dr,·IH ratinn, furmula! Ptl n hr·r ' '" " "uh :!liurr \1 ith l'a'rl )' " l t~.ull· r.. '' u f all :-had c:- Bul lum i!i th i; lo l1e d o ne? At•ctmling to Com· r ;r. ll' llillt 1uit "~ o wu f-lnt cment " tho nrg:mized la ho r was a nw\•emcnt fo r the hcncmo\"Ohwnt fit uf tlrf' hcth:r-situnlcd !'lrnta of l:lbo r- thc skillet! wt~rker'!'.' " In other wo rds, the ''C(:o no mic co us.e.-.'' of opinio n, u f tlw J>n,.itiun- or lad .. nf po:-it iono f the •• lenwnl "h id1 :-till t·ontru] .. tlu• !'a rt y rna · Call for a Na tional Conference of tho! Left Wing c h i ncr ~·· Cardul rPa d i n ~ ,f th i"' dw·umenl i m p rcs~~,. o ne immcolinlt•ly with the 111!1\'Ct of the Left Wing np:ilatiou iu the l'n rtv. and il ~ profmmd rnol'l irr !he rt' \"u luliuuary fct·lin g uf the ra nk a nd fi le. ;\l o rri~ lli l/r1u it j .; a rl .-·~·c r po lit ic in n ; he knows how to guugc the t('llljJN of The Pn rty mern!Jer:ohip, ns he has de mo n,.tr;th.'d a t ~1. Lo uis nml e lsewhe re. H is l c~n l 1raininl! ;11td hi:; 1:xpcrience in P nrt y a ffairs fll h im better thnu _;myo ne e lse to le.-.d the Ce nlre , iutu 1\'/w~c harul:o: !he Hic;hl \1/ing is h' illing to delin•r ii!S powe r. now !lwt it is una ble to m nintu in iTse lf hc fure The wrnlh o f the r nnk nnd rile. \'\'chad ex pet:ted so mctlling hcller fro m Commdc llillquil. The document runs away from nil irnpo rtnnt questions ; it endeavors to c renle the imprcs~ion of d issutis factio n with the behavio r or the Pa n, , "'hdc- 11 l·ardulh 11\oit.l.; uny 11pec-if1C' !~lalt'· nll'nt.• . 11 ff.rmul :ue-- !Ill dcf1nr l~ po~i li c•n; il oenf.Ort- :0:.,..-iaiH v.sr/rnmt-ntari!om in one phta!'IC' and cl~f ,.,uJ ~ il in th ~· nr-1.1. forcdt i n~ tv call atlention to tht oniou ~ uf nUr Cou._-r~~IOn J I rrl'reooentat iu: 110(1 l,.... ~cr p.nlinmcnl a r ian .. ; 11 m .:!.l~ t•rovi ~illn for a c h:•llj!t' of front at!'i pre!-~ure i.-. applied. • lrul~· o pp••rtunHit· pu~ition. \~o ,_· a!' evrr , Hillquit iii atte mpting to Carry water o n both shou ld,ers ; he flirt s with the rcvo lutionnr):. sentiment tha t is no w do mina nt in the movement; he coquettes with Pro· leta ria n Dictato rship in RuBsin und Hungu ry , while spurning it neare r home; he imp lie:; a mild reproof to the maj o rit y Socialists of "Cermnn)' i he mentio n~ tl1e St. Lo uis plntfo rm and immediate ly sheers nw:ty ,~fea rful of this test if np j}lied to the " .lende rs" of 1he Pn rty. Vnlike ma ny o f o ur loco! "Socia list" ii)lOkcsmen, Comrade Hillq uit ndmits thnt the Second lntcrnntio nnl broke d own be fo re the supreme test of the wa r. Ilut it wns no t the Socialist movements that we re at fa ult , " It was the econo mic o rganization of the European h'Orkc rs, a nd the pressure o r their immedintc econo mic inte rests (ns understood by thc m J that hrokc the so lidarity of the Socialist In· tc rnntinunl"', S:I)"S C6mrnd e HillqUit. " It wns not pnr linmcnt orism whic h was prima rily res jionsible fo r the misch ief. " He goes o n to spenk of " e xccss i,·e p:1rliamc ntnris m.'' hut ''on the .who le the Soc ia lists in Pnrlia mcnt expressed the sentiments of their co nstituents p retty fnithrull y." Thi!" in other words is Me~·er Lo ndon's justirica· tio n Tor his nets in Cong res.... " I was not cl cct~d ~y n purel y Soc ia list \'Oic.antl l· must o hc)' the wishes o f m y cnn~tituents ,".ta id Lo ndon in effrct ·"·hen he wns questio ned. i\ccordint; to the Communist l\lnnifcsto the Socia lists " nrc, on thc "onc ha ucJ , prnc· ticn ll y. the nHJ:-1 udnmccd a nrl resolute sectio n of the working class pnrlics of C\'cr y cnuht ry, thnl s~· l ion h hich pushes ro rh·ard nil o the r!' ; 0 11 the other h a nd . theorctica ll r. the)' have over the g rcnt m:1 ~s of the prolctnrint the nd,'nntnge of clear! )· unde rslnnding the line o f m~rclr. the conditions, and the uhi· mate gc11Cra l rcsul\ ,. o f the pro lclnria n movement." But nuw 11·c lcu rn that the economic organizulio ns. wh ich n rc o r g;mized pri mnril )' lo sa fegua rd the wugc :-tnt us nf the worke r". are rP.o; ponsil,lc fo r the brenl.:d01m of the re1·o lution·;rry mo1·e mcnt. li Com n rde ll illqu it's line of n rg umeul is c o r r et:!. ho,,· due.-; it explain the continuous fl irl at ion wh il'h the SIJi' i n li~ t l'nrt y. nf wh it.:h he i" 1111 cxccu· ti\'C offacer, carried o n wit h the 1\ . F. of 1.. until Gompc rs made it im pnssiblc? The econo mic o r ganization" in Europe hroke d own in J'JJ I~. Our· ing the 1\\"0 yenrs. fo llo wing the _1\ . F. of L. fl irtn· lion cont inued . nnd the Sociulist Part y matle no nt· te mpt tu voiut- o ut the uece:,sity fo r ··o ne working· clas s union.'' Comrade Hillquit suys, "The fir~ t ta sk of the post· wor Socialist Interna tional must, the refo re, be to o rganize a nd reorgnnize a ll grades nnd strat a of labr;ar on.bro(ld.claw.l..mr& not on_h natio nAlly, but Call lor J\'utiunul Cor!/err'!Ct of tht: /.r ft Wing .Surittlii t l'urty, iuur1/ by /.nco/ r:. f'ru! ntt, -'i<'C'f•' fltf)' }; l.tKnl C/ct!f'· l11ml, (f.. t.'. Uutlu'tlbrrg, .)carlfu y) ; und tlu: /.eft lrin;; Si'rtion of t hr: Sucit~/iJI /'arty of Nrw )'ork t..it_1·, ( ,lf1nimilitm Cohr11, Srrr~'tnryl. Th,. intcrnnliom!.l 11it ualion nnd the crit is in the Am~·rican Sucinlisl l'nrl}' : !he tu botn~;c the pan)' hurum·nrq- hu tlfn('ti&etl on .fhe emr:rJtCIIC)' ntnionBI run\·enl iun : 1he N. E. C. nligninR our pan)' 'k"ith the ~oc inl· l'lU riots nl Ucrnc. with 1he Cunl!run of the C real llclf:l )":il ; lhe nccl'..Uily or n:cunstrucl ing our Jm lk")· in uccun l wilh re\·otutiormry C\"Cnl!l,- all :his. a mi mure, mtrkt.'il it necc.!l-!ru-y !lull the re,·ohnionllr)' forces in ahe Socinlist l•nn y get t og~t ht r for coun§el nnd OCI IOII. 1 Tim uJI i• thcnfurr ~ u,.d , fo~ thr- hotdontJ r•f :r f'\at u•nel Lon lrn~nce- of 1Lr Ldt_)lan, of fhr AnM:t. e~on ~••h• l Pan ~ , to d1..cuay' J.- Tht rru1t in tbr: nd ac-t•on : Lr:rt"Oo; the &;~~=~-~~ thr p.ny (.,, tl1 ~.r1~·. f•Jr rf'\"Oiutiua.ary 11 tlu~ A mrrinm llwhm, ( /.ouu n/ ... ,-...n5· 2.- Th.- ~- -lnt,.thaJiun.l : -.· \ f and mun, II> prtvrnl lht !'arty a11JIIII'l~ uwlf~tb tbr " Jnrrma· u noatM of lilt' .._<tal·rllnuta. uf 1 W' EJ,n,.Schtidr· mar:n tJt llft•l~rll. a nd lhr: wa~rrintJ rutrc- : dl1tt ion , uh thr lW!t"l't'ik-S J••naun l.u muoU.1 l oiCT1UI• :;::r,;.! -.! ..:... 3-Tht> furmularion of a d"'Ciaralroo of principleand JIUI"Joo.N of 1 n~otiuu~l ll"OJ>C" of t iM- Lcll V. >ntJ of tile 1\merican Socinlist P11rtf. · 4. -Forming some lOri of a nulionol council or lmr~a u of !he l.ef1 Wing for propaganda, securin~e of mfurmnlw n a nd t pretuling information. 5.-·~o exur~u a nd drnw together the revolutionary fore~ n the part)"; lo consider other mtan~ of furthermg he c.ouse of re\'olulionury Sodnlitm. This call is iuued lo locals of the Socinlist Part y, hran('h ~ nntl Left \Vinij groUJll .within 1he Jlllrly. The 1e11 of aflmis!ion, prol'ieionnll}·; "will he acccpl· anl!c of the Mnnife11o of the Left Win.: of 1hc Socinlill Pnrt)' of Greater l"iew York l..dt Win~ !ocala nrc i1u·ited to ~ nd del~gll l t!! of- ~~::~l)bra~!::~:eo~ ~ili~~ri~~c~~!1,;p:c[11: 8~]~e 1 ~m~3yni;~:1 cepling the jlrineiplcs of the Left Win~ should send tlel~~n l eJ. Jli prl'8ei111Uion- one dtiCJ,:IIt~ for ei"Cr)' 500 mem· hers No ]O(:nl or group 11hould 11~nd more than four deiCJtlllt'S. l.ocnls or mi nuril)' ~:roup! witl1 lcM thnn 500 members nre entitled 10 one tldcll;nte. The conference will be heltl !ilartin::: Snfut!lay. J u11e 2!. in New York Cit)"· f:nrh tlrl c~:nlc will btl lnxed $25 for 11 CC!II rnl fund. nut nf wh irh will he paid the C'JlCilH'I nf nil 1f1•I••JWI!"<I l.rft Wins !.ocaiJ am/ /Jr unr/u:s, nrt! Srml com· m uniratious t n Mtuimililtn Cohr"ll, <1.1 lfi.-Jt 2 11ih St., N~w Y ork Cit )"· of the colla pse uf the Sccoml Int ernat ional were, " the ec o no mic oqpnizatHm of the European work· crs. and the pressure of the ir immediate economic int erests ( ns understood b)' them I ". What g u:mmlee is the re in the who le vague pro· gram ' o utlined iu Commde llillqu it's leltc r·- 1 1 .. nrc going to forget their " immed iate economic in· ~~~~:~~~~c1c~1Ss it~stl;: ~!cl:i ~~e ~l:tin/,:~· !km~:f~:~~~;~~-;; tcrcst ~''? Thnt there is n fundnme ntnl ,Jifference of princ:i· pic between the Left Wing n nd the aumina nt " mod. craie Socinl is m" which contro l!! lhe Part y. is Ho· where more clearly indicated thnn h)' Comrtu.lc llillquit's phrase, " In countries which hn\'C ()l!SSCtl. or nrc pao:fo;ing, to a regirnC of Communis! o r Socirtli.~t J!OVernmcnt . ... This is n rt'Cognilion of a di ..tinction between the two; this i:; nn irn)Jiied diffe renTiatio n between th'o fo rms of the Cooperative Conuno nh'Calth, \\'hic h we d o1nnt mlmit. W hat is the nalurc o f thi~ distinct io n ? The fo l· lo wing rJUotntion indicates Comrade Hillqult's con. ceptio n o f it: " S ha ll the socia lization of industries ana na tiona l life be attc mJJtcd by_one master stroke. or shall it be carried out gmdua ll r nnd s lowlr? Shull lhe wo rking class immediate ly assume the sole direc· tion of the l(overm:nent as a working-ClAM ll;OvertJ· men! , nr _~llllll it 5hurc guvcrnmcnt nl po ~'cr a nd re· SJmn .. iLilitil!." wilh the •·a piln li~t da~". nt l~t~t. 'cluriug !he p('riod of trnno;itio n' '\ '! · ~o fu r ns we kllOI\', nn Socia list lender :nl\'ocntes "the scw ializution 11f iruluSirie!l u nd nntiounl lifchy u rnn ~tcr ::trokc". Le nin hns 1' /lrcfull\' puinte1l u ul tlwt this socinlizn tion, mvthf• f'nnlr~f\'. rnu~t he cu rri('d o ul "~rntlun U y". Bul t lri<~ i:o h~ idc the · poiut. The qucl'l lion ill i-.suc io: r10 1 !IOC'ia lizntinn of indtHry. but the cltus under wlw~c rule thi!' socin li1.1Jtio'n si!AII he 1:nrricd o ut. lu I his rc~pcct the . fin-d quc:_..tion i.<o pr•rtincnt : "Shall the work ing clu~s immed iate ly n.~!' tlflle the so le tli ret:tio u of· the gO\'· c rt•mcnt ns n wo rking-cln~s go,·e rnmcnl. Qr shed! it 11ha re gon rnmcutnl powe r n rn.l .rc~p on.;; ihilities with the cn pitulist c iU!-<J;, nt l en ~t. ' 'during the period of the tr:ms ition'"! · T o this questiou there is bu1 one answer fo r} a scientific Socia list. In the wurds of Marx {Gotha Progra m ) ' 1Th is corresponds .o a political" t~n!li · tio n-period , duri'ng wl1ich the go\·ernment cannot !:ri~~·.r,th ing e l c but the tlictnto rship of t~e prole· It is tru«\ that ComracJC Hillquit decla res that tlte uc inlist Jntcrnntionnl must su pport the dicta· to rship o f the pro lctnrint in nil countries in which the wo rking class seizes tl1c J}OWc r ; hut he still further eml'h"-'iLOt h;.s duubl or thit. courllt ot .:bOG. aud imf•lie; a ..crioul6 criliciiW'n of Doh~ aad Spar1 icitk taetica, when be ..y. : · .. \\ hrther • ·e a ppro'-e or di.Nrrron c•f •II the meth~ by • ·hich t.uch prolctarlan !OYt::rllJnCDI U. ,r•ined o r i.e nercitias ill power i.l be.ide the q-. tion.'' ~ Soci•liau of the world mu-t nol Ntpport iDt~n:r.!!::!l in P.u-;., ur aCtiveiy oppo•~ ""that P· emmemt·· llhe Soviet Cov~mment I .. in the face ol · itll IH~-and-dea~ ttrugtde with iitlcmalionaJ cepi· lnlism nnd imperin lisn~!· The. same with Hungnr)'· But he does noll say lhnt we must support tltc So· 11it:t Covcmmcni!J of Russic1 attd 1/un~tary-wh idi is our Left Wing po's ition. ~ lu countries like Gcrmnn , howc\'Cr, " in which the struggle for mastery lies between two di,•isions of the Socia list mo \•c ment , ne cluss-con!lcio us nnd the o ther o ppo rtunist, one rndicnl ond th:: nil; ~,;. te mporizing." we must support the clnss·consc ious, r nd ica l move ment. tlut in Americn. wl~erc the sumc struggle o\'cr principles nnd tnct ics is gOing on in the n mks of the Socia list mo\·cmcnt , we must suppo rt the opportunists nnd the temporizers ! · Comrnde Hillqu it admi ts the nt.'tcs~ty fo r the Third l nternatiomal. but he is loy n(l m tms t;pccific as to the ren!luns. l·lc admits tha t tlw (!('nncl In· lc rn utifJ n:rl is broken. hut lire in fen:m·c i:; thut he would put logelhc r the piccrs nml g ive it a ne \1; nmnc. lie rc pudi:u ~ Ue rnc, hnlf-heu ctcdl y. a nd he nlso tt·pudintcs ~~n~o i\', ns not h:n •ing :nlvn nc'ed · ''the pron.!."~ of rcorJ!:nnizativn t)( the SocialiH mo,•emcnt of the world.'' lie continu~. "The tnsk uf or~u n i zing the Third lntc r nutio nnl i:o still be fore us. It 1ntt ~l he ;,(',·ompli!.'hcd o n the ha~ is of princ iple.; IIIUI rondw; t, not o n thnt o r pcrsomd li ~cs and dis likes. It j .. the commo n tnsk of nil intcrn:t· tiona ! Socin li!'ls." If this iii Cmnr:rdc l·lillquit's position. why di1l he not n ppnsc the Nntio na l Ex-' t:cutive Committee's ncccpta ncc of Be rne ? Wh)' di1i he wnit until Berne hnd d iscredited itsel f C\'CII iu the -eyes of Li~crn li! , until it h~•? ~ hn wn itself .1s nn offsl•ool of the conference Inking plnce in Pnris? lie c;~ rdully refruius fro m st~1ting whnl he COil· sidcrs sho u !d he " the basis of pri"nc iple5 and con· duct" for the 11tiral lntcrn:~ti o n a l. Yet it i!O just this tlwt is dh·iding the Soc inlisl rnm'cmcnt the wo rld O\"Cr . Doc,; Comr:a le ll illrp1it think 1he nc· ceplulwc o f the Dictato z;.s hi1} of th • Pro le111ririt Bho uld !Jc v ue of tltc rcfJu io:ite:; fo r ndmissio n to the Third lnte rnntinnal. nml if so. wi ll it' IJc sullicient to ne(·e pl it nbroctl :_:nd :tcccpt 1he p rinc iple o f ":r;;h uri1 1~ f;O \'Crnmentn J fHI\\"Cr lind refptJIISibilitiC.'I \1 itlr tl•e cnpita li101 clnss. 'd urina the pc rind M trnnsition" ·• :11 humc? \\hen Comr:ulc l·~ilh1uit uses the, tc rrn \'intc rnn· tinnul" to qualif)' "Soeinli!l-t'!,'' tloos he mclll\ it as :t sruo n\'111 (o r ''He\'o lutiorw r )'"? Would he cxc l4de Sclte icleina nn nnd Ebert from the Third lnte rnR· tiona! ? lf 'so, would not hb then exc,l ude all o th.er "Socinlisu" wbol'ic acts during the War were dtc· toted ,by the snmc opportunism tis actuated th~ (CoMitaed on IJGie 1). . \ . \ I . • I / �The New York Communlit 2 &"hor New York COMMUNIST Official Organ of the Left Wing Section, Socialist Party Owned a nd· Controlled by Lcx:al Greater New York Editor .JouN fh: w · Anociate Editor EADMONN :\IACi\i. I' IXE MA.XnfiUAl'\ Co n E:\'" Busine.u Manager • Editorial Board N. I. JlovnwJCII B. D. \VotFE M. Zuoa:n J. WIL£XKI N Published Every Week. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Ycnr - ------ --- -------- ------53.00 6 Months ------ -- - -- - ---------- 1.50 3 ~lonlhs ------------ ----- ---- - .75 Single Copies, 5 Cents Buhdle Orders o f 10 or over, 43 Weal 29th Street - - 30 - Cents a Copy. New York City to outline the Bight Wing position- n pos it ion wh ich more a mi more clcnrly defines n group in substant ia l ngrcemc nt with the " p:rrlinruentnr y' ' So· cinlist groups which dominated the Berne Confer · c m·e. \Ve. we lcome this cmcrgcnrc of a d enr -cut ''snu· snge Socia lism" in our midst. It s impli ftes our tnsk. · 0 "Illegal" !\'E nf tlu.• Right \l;1 in~':o most impre_;;si\'e nrgu· rncnts ap:ai ust the Left Wing i~ tha t the ndoption o f our ~ l :r n ife~ tu :rnd Progra m wii!Jitakc the Amc r· icn n Socin li::-1 Party nn "illcp:al" org-an ization. In the l :r~lnumbcr of Tht• Sociu/i_~l . for es:unplc. the re is nn article hy C l acs:~cm=. pointing out tlmt in Buf. fnlo. whe re the Part y l.nca l ha!O joiner! the l..cfl \Vin~. the Ma nifc:.to nnd Progra m nrc being used in the courtJO to outl a w P a rt \' mc mhc rJO.. Is it pos:-.ib le tha t tile Hi~itt Wirig ic: tl\,king this o pportt~nity to display its rt•td ,(t:l/timt:llls concern· ing the St. Lo uis Hcsolution - h'h iclr. it \\•ill be reme mbered. nlso nuulc the P11 rty '' illeg-a l"? Is it posl'iblc thnt the Bight Wing. in the face of such gr ave C\'CiliS n.s the imp risonment o f "Ge ne" Debs. pro· po!1-es that the Soc in l i ~t P a rt y re pudiate his position, bccm.rse it makcii the l':trlt " ille~a l"-n s. in \'ic w of the S upreme Court lfecisiou. it undoubtctll r ~-? . \Ve til} not wi;;h to put in the mouth<:. of these people word ;; whic·h the \· clo not ~a \· . But in the encl. to what do~ th is )U;ni1· eq• of ·.. illcgalit)' .. reclucc Beginnings of a Right Wing itse lf ? Fo.rmulation of Principles Is the Soc i <~ l i:- 1 Pnrty me rel y a \'Ole-gell ing nm· UH chid quarrel with thC' Hing Wini;cr$. has chin ~. competing h'ith the Hepublica ns ami the Dcmocrnts for l'Ontro l of the po litic::d Stntc? Or is been th:1l they hrn c refused to sltrtc !he ir posi· lion. For ycn r~ the r\mcricnn Soc iali~t Pnrtr has it n rno,·c mc nt o f the working class to o ,·c rthrow the cn Jlit nli,s;t s ,·~t em ? been 11 formless moYcmcnl. r;mninn from S rndi· Do tlte Hight \Vingcr!' re pudinte Mnrx's clefm ition. cn li~ts to Si ng le T axcn:. a nd cxPr~~iug itseif by progmms which we re cle:. i ~ ncd to express the ''com· thnt the modern ca pit;~ lis t Stnte is ''nothing less mon deno m in~ t or" of the me mbers hip, in such a than a machine for lhe oppression of one da.u by war as to offe nd nobody. ·a ud a tt mrt C\'Crybod)·-, another. aml llw t 110 1 lc.u .m ;, (I d em ocratic rcpu b· rr.om sma ll property owners to migrnto ry workers. lie 1/um t11ulcr (1 mm •arcln-"? . Alone of nil Soc inlis.t m o\·~ rnent :; of the \\'Orid , H the St; te is me re ly .the politicn l CXf' rcssion of this movement of ours hns been able successfull v to the cnp itali~t sy!'te rn, a nd the Socin list Pnrty pro· c rush nil nllempts 111 clcli nite formula tion o f p'rin· llOSC.S to destroy c npi tnlism. how cnn .S ocin lism he c iples nnd tnctics, nnd the c rent ion of clcnrlv·ouh ' 11egn l"- except inso fnr ns its working-class l ined cur rents o f Pa rt y o pinion. · strength, backed up by nction on the industria l Whe n ca lled upon to defin e the ir position toward fidd forces recogn ition of its politicn l rcpresentn· new theories of' work ing clus.s (lrganization a nd ac· th•e.:.? lion. otJr " leaders'' have re ma ir.ed s ilent. surround. TI-c So~ i a list P nrty is "lega l" onl y so long ns it ing thernse h·e.<O "'ith an i!1ky ' 1por throu&h ,,h:dt s u it·1 !foe cap:t:: ~i ;t S l.ut..: to p . ·-.;it its lcgulil) . At the y SI\'C \'Cnt to ornc ul.•r genera lities c alc ulnted to the 1>resenl time the American c npitnlists h,tve de· decch•c the rnnk a nd file. ·Ir the me mbership dis· !e rmined to outlaw n il ~tltncks upon the St<~le. The pla ys sympathy with these new ide:ts, our •·:enders'' cnrrying of the red fl ag is "illega l" in this S ta te; hasten to profcss on eagerness for the same iclens. Victor Berger's pa rty is "illegal" in Wisconsin ; the being careful. howc,·e r . to re move the vital or gans New York Ct~ll is " illcp:al'' in the e yes of the Post o f the a nirn;~l: or if. the)' cn!mot do that ,und mu~t Oflicc. se" cr a l times cnch week ; nnd on May Day take .nn uncompromising position such a!\ was laid pcncen ble prot e~t meetings were prnct ica ll y out· down in the S1. Lo u i~ Besolut ion. cnrefu ll y rcfrnin· lnwed by the nuthorities. who de li be rately pe rmit· Jng from acting on il. ted gnngs of thugs to break them up- a n act whic h Publicl y they procla im their sympathy with the was upheld by the Secretn ry of the Treasury in Hussinn Bolsheviki mul the Ce§..tnan S pnrtncnns, at Wnshington. in a n offic ia l communicatio n. The ne w session of Cong ress wi II pnss n la w de· the so me time flirtin g with thci'Bc rnc Confe re nce, and stre nuouJOI)' o pp o~ in g the Left Wing mo,·e rncnt daring " illegal" a ll proJ'ngancln or nctions "inc iting to the o,·e rthrow o f the Go\'Crnme nt.'' As we in our own Pa rt y. whose JJlm is identica l with thDt understa nd the te rms of this la w, it ca n be inter· of the Eu ropea n Comnnm~ts. preted to indudc nny nne!' a ll a ttempts to point out Publicly the )' join in the denunc int ion of "socia l reformism.'' and e ndorse the alwlition o f immediate the e:;sent iu l clnss c ha r ncter .of the CaJ>ital ist State nn institut ion wh ich' according to Mnrx l!imself, de ma nds in Pa rty plntform:-: but at the same time they tJariic itlale in a Non·PnriJOan Lengue, he lp to cannot be used by a pro lc tnrinn majority to intra· ducc Socialism. organize n Ln!Jor Pnry, nnd join in the cull for n Are we 16 have n Soc ia list Pnrty which frnnkl y na tional Amnc::ty Corwc ntion in which bo urgeois aha ra lom , or JWSipones, its re\'olut ionnry objec· liber a l group~ wi ll he represented. The Hight Wing hns refu!'ed to sta te its pos it ion. th· - nn o pportunistic mo,•e ment. nnxious nbo\'e nil Tiris hns forced the Left \\'ing to state it . 1H the to onform to the " legn lity" which n capital ist go\'· same time stnting our 0 \\ ' 1\ in no uncerta in terms. ern 1Cnl o rd n in~? O r sh nll we In\' down n :-ct of The Pnrt y ·membe rship, cchicuted lw the War nml rc\'olut ionar y princ iples which m'ust not be lost the Rc \'o lution in l::urupe. rmr 110 lOnger be put orr s ight CJf. nnd to whic h a ll our actions must conform. by " rcorganizntions" a nd the primitive thugger y no mutter ho w se riously our tnctics must be mod iftcd which Ul' to now has hecn the Hight \Ving'JO on ly by c irc umstmtce~? I n be ing " lcgnl''. we mu!'t re membe r that the So· nnswcr to ou/ cha llenge. The Hight Wing is he· ginning to find it nt.'Ce~~<~ r y to formu late its own c ia list mo,·emcnt "·ill be entirely nt the mrrcy o f princ iples, nnd this it is noh' do inp;. intersper.sed the cnJ>itnlist go\'crnment; in holding fast to Sociolwith pett y .pt•rsonnl allncks upon Left \Vingcrs . in ist priuc ipl e.~t, we pin our f;~it h to the g rowing class· Tl1c SocialiM. conS<: iou:-ne:-s of the h'o rk ing clnss, which, will In the second numhe r of 1'/u: SocialiM. for e\:nm· crentc its o wn " legnlity"', nnd e nforce it by its o wn p ie. there is nn article c ndor.oing the Conununi ~t pro lctari:m power. 1nternntionnl. summoned in meet in Mo!<ow. hutnfter nil, pcrhnp.!> the Second lntcrnntionnl i.o not so bnd ns it is pninte(l. Afte r al l. we dn not know Democracy unything nhout it. cx•·e1H from reports in the en pi· E nrc pleased to lirul thut at lust The Sociali.sl ta list pres!"! In the smnc nnmher Louis Wnldnum has risen to the dignity of nn Cflitnrinl pnge. outlines his 1:once pt ion of muni1·ipnl. ~t nt e a nd na· \l;' hile we recognize th at we must g ive Th e Socittltionnl owner~hi1• of industry. unclcr dc mocrntic co ntrol. n~ Socinli!'m ! In 1'h1• Socinli.t l of Mh)•' ist time. we did exp•>ct ~o mcth inS hc11e r tha n the whines- a bout ' 'Discrimination"' :nul " H t~trctl; " we l ~th we fincl 11 d cfc u~c uf "dem£V·racy," which i!' n.nswercll .on this page; n l ~o 1111 Cili'lorinl upo n "f.o. ~uu ght to find it in the officiul pronouncement on opcruti\'l.'::.'' in wl1il'lr twc ur:o~ the fo llo wing !'ell · " De rnocrncy." tcnl'e : •· De mocr acy.'' l!li )'S Th r Socialisr. ''the rule o f H\'\1ith prnlctari:m urganizntior; nrul pro leta rian the majority. with full anti free o pJlOrtunity for the cnntro l. the cnuperat ke is t1 fnr more c fTccti,·e mirmrit y to cxpre .; i1.!1 up inions und to ngitate for weapon fnr ac•·nmpJi ..hiu;..: the r('volutiou tha n i:-; i t~ emk still n!mnins the be:-t method of conduc t· n r('lia lll'(' upnn a \'il).! LU' :nul ill .ilrfined mas_;;.nl'! · ing liumnn nfTa irs." ivn." • Thi ~ bke nil the ••the r cnnt nbo ut democrncy. In alrun;;l t.'H~r y par:•;..:nlph "f Tlw SocialiJl a rc sound~ \' e ll on J•npcr . Lut ns our friendS- usc the s imilnr :-tuh'rue llt ::, the c nmulu i\e dft."Ct of which is p lm1:-e " still rc mnin!!.'' they nrc il Jlpnrently o f the O W o pinion tlwt this. "method of comlucliug humau nf· fairs'' is , or has been in o pt:rntion ~o m c wh erc. \Ve would be g lncl to fi nd where th is ely:oium i!' or hns hL"CH. In rcfereucc to ua tiunnl gO\·c rmnents no stwh itle.1 listic Jl l:tn hns C \ 'C n ht.'CH tried. nttwh less hecornc the recognized methnd uf :ulmir~ i :- tratio u. In po liti1·nl pa rties nnd Stwit·lic:-; ll'iwrc there i:: no re.;; JlOll!' ibi lit ~· fo r nct ua l gun :rnmc nt ul n1 lmini:-trn· lion. thi ~ methntl. ~o far n:o we arc 11 \\'llrC. h:t:; ne ve r been prnt:t isetl. But let uc: put thr theoq t!t the tec:t of prm IJ<:c (;; clcmc)l'r,n \ the methml o f prm cdu re I\ 1thm the So. c r.1lr ..t Pnrt y ~ 1.. 11 the " '" '" " lmh tlm-.c lnr \\'hom 'f'lw Stwiali.ft :-penk:;. eoud uct tlw n lfa ir~ o f Lm·:tr ;\lew Yurk '! 1:- it iu the IIIIIIH.' tof the ··full n n~l ~ree u ppurtunit y fur the minorit y to c\pn·:-~ its op mr on~ a nd tu a,.:it ate fOr it ~ t·nd .. " tha t the Ex· ccuti,·eCommillt'C has onlcred tiiC " rt•url-{n niza til •u" n f the Bra nches whic h dn not bo11· to ib wi ll'! Was. it ulHie r th~ innuer!rc u.f s~a·h hiph :-ound ing id('a ls th at ~he cd1tor ~f 1 h,~ .....orwliM fa then ·d the hcrc:-y· huntmg re~;o/ut tnn at the Stat(' Committee '! T~tr StJ~i(lli:f(s be lief in dcnwt·r•n·y. like Th e Cal~ .~ . /•ch ef .~~~ the freedom of cxpre~sin 11 , is ~o muc h hypocntu·1d l'nlll. Uoth the.c:c puh licat ion!' are a frnicl nf their own renl be liefs, they a re afraitl o p~ nl y lo embrace the t:tctics they nrc logica ll y <~rn·en It> e mp lo,·.. l ..ct u~, ho under no rnic:conccp· liOn a l,out th c~c tlung;;. l tn: Co,\t~IIJ!"\ IST is not in lo\'e willr dit· t ato r~hip or with nny form o f t ~· r:utn y, nny more tl1a n tl1e workers nnd pcnsants nf Hussia a re in lo\'C willt the !=-uppres!'iou o f counte r ·rc,·o lu. linn, hut we recognize thnt de moc rncy ami freedom a rc me re slw_ms uruler the existing form u f !'nciCt)', ? rul thnt durmg tl.re trnns ition period from Cnpita l· rsm to the c~t a hlr~ h mcnt of the Coopcrnth·e Com1110111\'Cn lth. a ll oppu1=-it ion to the will o f the ch ss· ~on sc iou s workers mu!;l be stmupcd out or rcrHiered 11\llCICIJOUS. We. sec from ncua l experience thai political de· mocraq ' will not a nd cnn i10t work. Wt: rl."Cngn ize ~hat under the co\'er of the~c loft y phrases Ca pitnl· tsm estnhlisbes the dictato rsh ip o f the bourgeois ie. We hole! thnt the ha lf-trulhs of this idea listic Inn· g uage nrc so mall )' Imps nnd pitfnlls for the work. ing clnss. nnd we ruthlcs ly striJ> these phrases from our o wn movement. In society todny the cl ass ~trugg l e is rng ing, in some pnrts o f the ea rth it hns hurst into open flame nnd the contest of ideas is bei ng fought through the mouths of mach ine g uns. through the power of I he bayonet, through the r n\'ngcs and the bloody hnrrors of war, in othe rp a rts i, is r.'i.Ulji;:trntioely <t u i ~c·ri , ttppcnring in tho form oT strikes. lockouts , unemp loyment demonstrations. . . · . To this struggle thCre can be on ly one c ud- the \·ictOr )' of the workers n'hd the estnblisl.unenl o f ? ocia lis m. WJrcn Socialist society is firm ly estahltshed , wh~t the optlosition is once nnd for a ll defeated , then we can expe riment with ideal de mocracy nnd the henut ifu l conceptions o f society tha t mnny of us cherish. But unt il then we must struggle unhampered by a ny illusions ns to wha t is the real nature o f present day society, or a ny nttcmpt to put into practice the p leasant theories e \•olvcd in the <JUitc studies o f bourgeois idea lists. . It is the dut)' of Soc ia lists to point out to their worker brothers nne! s isters the brutal r ealities o f cn p~tn lis.t so.c.icty, and _the necessity o f the struggle ngamst rt.. I he beaut1cs of J effersonia n democr acy lun•c not lung whate ver to do '..'' ith the affairs of toda )'· Governments nrc not wilfu ll v less idenlistic todny th~·~ 140 years ago. T irey n~e fnt ing differ· c nt condrtrons a nd they ne t in nccordnnce with the conditions tha t confront th.crn. 11tc idea ls o f America•~ tlemocrm;:y we re e \•oh·ed upon the prostm tc bocltcs of the negr o race. In the present c risis in the /vmericnn Soc1a list ' P arty let U!!' :1lso face the facts. We of the Left Wing nrc dissntis fi ed with the udministrntion of the ~arty_. locn l. sta te nnd nationa l. We hnve protested Ill \'a rn a nd we nrc now determined upon n show"(lown . We a rc out to capture the Pa rty, to weld it to suit our purpose-the hi~t oric p J q iosc of So~in li~rn-:nncl to ..rid it. o f the d isense thnt has crept rnt o •ts \' tin Is. For tlu s purpose we ha\'c sla te<l our po!l it.i o~ a~ to whnt nrc the duties and purposes of the Socw lt!!'t Pnrt r. mul on this pos ition \\;C nrc np· pen ling to our comrades thr011ghout the Party. All O\'Cr the count ry the me n and women of the mo\'e· mcnt nrc lining up solidly hchind thnt !)OSition. Democrnc )' is not the essentia l (jUCStiOn nt stoke. We nrc not IIPI'ca ling to !he mernhershi1• nhout the b ck of clcmocr:rcy mnnifcst in the ndministrntion of the Pnrt y. Tha t we cons ider a minor question nnd in due time h'i: will indict our offic ia ldom before the ba r o f Part y opinion. The il'."liC is clear c ut nnd no :~mo unt of ~ni:ers :rt our persona l courn ~c. intf:~ rit )' or ability. nor co\'ert hints lo the Americun Co\'crnmcnt ns regards the desira bility 'Jf our nrrf!!ll nnd incnrcCrutio ir, wi ll dete r us from !=lilting- that issue- whether. the i\rnericnn Socialist Pnrt y ic: to be the party of rcvolut ionnr y ocinlis m or whether it is to be the pa rty o f bourgeois libera limt. pl!tt r reforms nnd idca lislic phrnseology. 'Tiwt i~ the il'.c:uc on which we np1•en l 1o the me rnl,crshil• O\'Cr the hea,ls of 1hc Pa rty llU renucrncy. ~~;lito~~ i~~~ai::J.c upon which the Left ~'ing .organ- . �the New York Communiat The · Party Congre~sional Platfor~ for · ,1918 . . By Bertram D. w.;Jfe Win~ h;,f.i:- it to lw a '< ium:tl it· tlmt ~nflf' ll)ntft• t ' \:l't ' pl' h,)' _l l'lll'flln~ :-:iu1·i:d i..111. 1\ll tlwt mu..t flti!I -Sut·mll~"t:- C\'!!r !4:C ,,( :-itwia J i~l ofut'lrim• j,; that \dli..J1 j,.:. t 'HIII:lillt'd in our ··s,wiaJi ..t '' platf••rm. ,,IJi,·i.•l l'l'::tuui·:o nf ~c~in t::-1 ckwtrim·. IIIII I inlt•q trc•t,llinu:- of t'llffC/It h·· T I.IE l.d t l'i:t fj..(., t·:mn n l manti~.. tl~:tl the St:,lc ta ke Mer indu~>tric!. We Murx M-'C rnetl to think thnt tnxntio n under Capital· that ,;thi:<. Jlri H.:C.-.." :-fm iJ he hun Wil:o. !Ill 1;01\I'C.~Il of the r f!\'Ofut ion :tr y proletariat. uudn takcu :1~ :-pt.'f'tlily a:- i:( cuu~i~tcnl "'ith tmMic · But ~ incc f') IB we know ltellcr! t•n/N 11111/ ,w ntril y .. ; tftn l the 'Suci.tf i:-1 pm·ty ..rfcOf ('QUr:-C, !111\tlcrn fi nnncC is hn5cd on credit, and m:mol.. that tlw t'tlllltw •• ..utiun. if m1) · ~we wu•ulcr if thut ~lwulcl l.rr.ak tlown. lle.1\!.4!n help us! the wll )' tilt' ./uul•t'! I, p:tit! Itt tltc Hri;!,ill:tl 11\\' IU' r-. iioi in ruuuwinl ~y ..tnm might colhtpse; hence ..our" pro· 1'!111 unf )' IIIIIC · i n fltl~.;:jll !-1 it f ol! tt \1 .. tli:ll II )lU ll tlw 11:11ll n '• '.'f Il l If pint· 1111 C' ,l•t' In C~t't't't ) the urir:,inil,J CU.•I uf tlu: Jlh\{''icnl p;rum llltlfot IU't.'11~ C t)IICCrll it.:clf with fC.!>IOration of fu rm t)r 1 11 • 11 .t ~ wr ~ l• r;..:t•l) tht· 1 ~ pc• nf nu r •·un\t•rt:-:. prup•·rty: mul fi nnlly. \H ; um .:n thumugld • hillcn "our'' :-lwl..y crctdit f')'!otf'm. 1d•crcfore we elnhorate a A n•\'ulut i•m:1r )' pl:clf4,nu hill nul ;:ll r .:d tlw lu•!•r· ,,,. IIJe pnrlia mcnt.1ry lm~ uf im·e~t i;;.1tiun cummi~ plan upon which IHectiii+Jt c·lmlmcnt, e."<c:cpt to note gc>ni~"i•·. anti :1 p 1 ·t i t - b. 11 r~t·ui .: pl:11lnni• ,, ;11 111' \ ' ('1' :-iuu~" ,, l! i,·h puhli ..ll rt•purt... that whcu ''c rnme tn tl1:1t wc h.tH' .. tl('t'l'Cdetl in fuuliu;; 11 scheme whereby, a tt r:T t i't1c ii,i lit.ml :-••t·tinn of tl•c¥ '·ud.i!•r d :t:"'•, tlw Stah! " '''ICr.!>lli r• nf ,./,·t'lrit· poM'I". uur r(wnlu: un~lcr C:tpitnli:om. \o.·c cnu t:lirninntc cut ircly tho neNun· the' I!JI :: Cou;.:rc.;.. junal Pl:itfnllll uf tlu! ~!'1''-'r~ ~~~-~~~r::m of C\prnt•riut ~"' ~ulmilllllc.<~. in 11 ce...::ity nf n~o~inta in i ug u ~old r •-.cn e ! l~n't that n Atm:r ir·an ~.... i;~ l i·t 1'::1'1 ) i~" thf' m•:lcll:lt•·•".•l•·•l ,, Mk •lt·un tu l 11lnd• 11111-1 h.; ~uotctl 111 lu ll le:.t \\ c :-plc1ulitl t·unt rilt~~tiun Ill the ~il\'iu~ · off ".;i \•il izn· nf it:- "tlu•orctici:111.._'' it .. " lc.ul,·r ..." ml~ l ' llll't'l't:,r hy mi~".. ~'''"c uf.thc in ·r•i.rntiuu it c.·•mtnin~: · lion." :tl n time •d•c11 it i~. tltrcnleu•tl hy the O\'Cr· nu y :-:u;.;~t· .. tiun frn~11 th,· r.ml. :111~1 lilt·. \\\ rittcu "TI1f' :-iut·ia/i.. t P:.rty tlmn:uul .. imnmliti/C npf!nint· c:•t•itnlizution of 1.1 j)it ifull y inod ~ruutc goltl -.!Uijl· witllt1ul :• 1-0111 p 11 t 1n•l..ulnt•lcol " ''''""' n n•fcren· men! nf :1 Ft•tlcra l Pu\11'r Commi-:-iun wilh miNJUIIIC ply! tlum. hcraltlt•tll•\ th•· C• m::rc~-.iona l t".m•litl.ih'' &hat rcpn··t'lllf•titm t,f l:ilu,l' t:-in m lll)' Gum(tCr:-- take no· · Upon llw Ntiii•Partil'an l.cnguc plntform, "hich ran un il rur nni..c. W4!1t•t;llli';' wit h ful:-nllll' pr:ti::c tin· I In m, J.,. 1111 -·xlumsl i l't' hulllllll duu!Jt C"<hnusl· hns fmuul il)l; wny inlu LIIC 1'J IH prugrnm under tile IJV th~ pctii-huur;.:.i•tii:• nq.:·m;:. ··The Nntiuu.'' "The in;.: I itll't'#i;.:ntinu iutn the :tubjc."'·l, IIIII/ ro n ·t:nm · he:ul ur " Agriculture.' ' I .!!hnll not tl\\'cll. CX('Cpl to lj inl" :md tlw "8t'\\' Ucpuhli···'' (;ttht•rl'tl :nul moth· mr·w/ /,·]!islt~l iull lo (.'o,~:;rc:.t..., whi ·h will emhod)' n 'quote our re\uhllionary J cnmn.ls for " Public in· cretl ill tlu: l'c..,pl•··.~ llnu~e undcr I he tlircfti<'n of two ~.:o mprclwu~i\'c llO\I'er tlf.!\·clnpmenl polir.v.'' sur:tuce agn in~t di sea~cs of anima b . di.!lea~es of , IHirC:IU!l uf '·S.-.cin list'' rcsc;m·h- :;.urdy this mu:!l m:rottM:' IN Ti ll·: :'T!I( t:Tunt: 01: ~~OVEiiNM~:lliT. pl:mls, inSt.'\:1 Jlc."ll.s. hni l, f1uud 1 drought, ~torm and \\'hen 11c ~:nne tu tht! hcmlm~. "Thr ' tructu~e.of fire~·· mul to (lelny any fu i- 1~1cr annlyJOill until we he 11 model pl:llfunn for a Sociali:>t pal't y. Before \\ C ex:nni 110 it.s ;)7 pl;tnl..!l. Jet u.'> !VIm up Go1crmucut . \\ C l ~;;m to 111t:k ~'I' hope. . lhe come to tl1e gcnen,tl subject of sops nnd pallia· the Ct)ni:lition~ out of· wh icl1 it p:I'CW and intu which Jtrcsent !ltructure c,f f!••.v~rmncnl 1~ tolul.ly tniH_Ie· ti\'es. it \\ U!l lumwhrd upo n 11 11 expt:t•t:ml world. The pint· · fJIHIIe t~.u:o-.:uue the mlthi Hmn l burden ~f uulu: tnnl There is n chatHer on "Consen ntioi1 of· Nhtural form is ((,,·1e11 J') I H. \\'e may pre.. 11111c thnt it writ· control. I erlm p~ 11e lun·c !Jecn hni't)' m ol!r Judg· Resourc~" in whiph we "urge,"- in P.lar.~ of ••ticten in that wu r lll' thr. ycnr prc,·iou!l. lutl'rnal e\'i· men! : p_rrlwps the. program.. wnrns th~u none of mmuling"- fHr we mOde.ctly feel that' we a.re nol dcnre provC;: tlmt it \I' :IS wrillen nftcr the Hu::5-iun thc.':-C tin up.:- can. b~ nt'c:omph:-:hed nnt1l _the ~hUe cnx11p11cr011;0 ~i1n 1•1c1 cQrr.er"' ro'r'c'"c'i0o1r11fin"e' 0w0o... a"'',•,, 1icn-h ighmfiernreanne~: 1 re,·olulimts hnd t>tkcn plncc. includ in~ the prole· h:t:o l~n re\'n.lut i01117.Cd nml lhc J~roletnrum (hctn· • . ~r\e . ':"' 1 0 . u· tnrian re\·olution. • The pro~ ram wa:o l;uuu.:hed in for:-h11• t"Hnbll::hcfl. Let. u~ t_t'liOIITie the measures \'ice. fherc 1s n c::IHifltCr O,!l C~1mmolo~y "'hich the micl5 t of "n tl\'ill•• socinl nrdcr.'' IJ•· 2 1-. 1 The pr.-.po~tl f r the rc,•olutJOIII7.111S of the Stnte. The seems to ben con.1Lmu11on o~. Enr!co _Fern.,and Au· Capituli~t ~) Stem' \\'~!,' tolteriing. lu Hu::::ia. the ~~':>tem ur clux·k:~- .mul ~nlnn~e:o lm~ d~rO)'ed ueffi- ~u~t Cln.a~n-. Wlthl the· cnpt~on,J Pns.o ns. There proletariat had raisetl the ::;tandanJ of inlcrnnti01111l C/CIII' )'• \\'.~ COIIIJlfOIII. 1 hen, Ill .the l~lereslS of de- • IS :t stci~O;~I. 0 11 the. C~r?• "'lu~h1~ JlCCUJtnrlf enough, rc,·olu~·11 and c:llfe1J upon the worker!l- of the woi'ld mncr:tc~·. . we sclool the most mcffiment branch of cle.month:! mdustn~l Cl111.enslu.p for the . egf$1 (we to unite around it. The wnr conltl only cud in .n the go\ernment- Congrc5s-nnd .c.le!nnnd t!un the \'ngucly '~:onder \1111)' lhc wi\IIC .wnsn:l 1~clu~~) . relnpsc nlu b:nburism or a. worltl rC\·olution. " He· oth~r two hrnnch~ be mncle respon:nble to 1t. ~(~)' doe~ l~11C progrum want to gwe lum :,r,ahhe~! construction'' of the capiluli$l onlcr wus 1111 im· Not cor!tcn_t w1th tlmt. lhe progrnm. 5~ts out t o Clllzensh•J:• :m~ e."<nct_L}: wha~ ,do our eaden possibilit r . · show f;~l"'u!I:O.'.n how to perfect_.bourg~•s den:aoc:;, rnenn by , educnllom~l ~111zen~h1p ' fo.r lhe snme · . r..r 1. Hrrc follu" a tr:tarthn,r H"rie- of "clemantf.. ;· l' resscd Negro ? If 1t IS worth anytlung, we ! hou d Arut the I'II U phtt£orm? .\\.hat f'IM" cnul~ II ~ • ,.J,olitiun of 1hr Sc!u.:~tr. demO'"ratiulion of ~<:.on· iko it too; if 110t, why 01 wish'' it on lhe down· ltu1 K ~ummun .. ! ('I thr f"'' letan:ll h• ,fuHill 1b h~:-· P'"'·"iouul t•rorrdurr. direr! rl«tinn of thr t"retoi· tro(ltlen hlnck mnn ? . Iurie 'fri j ..... it•n '! I haH· IIJfoLrd '" _u.m thruu,f'h Ill' dent 81,d \ 1 rr-Pr,.~idrnt. f"'c.. n r .. c-ulminatin,r: in · - \lf' • ·ill notlurn had. IO the noe .aioa wtaid. 2·1 t•u;:r .. uf 'j€J.point t~ 1~ for a Pm~lr nlf'nt!On <•f t"·o . ~OJ•f'r·re\·nlut itonaq mea!>ur"" that • ·ill mal.r 11Jention,. the pruleuriat. emti•ltd ..J...abor 14'· ~OC"iMil:-111. The "urd d·~ nut uc:rur (ln(' C. The Leninr looL to hi~ ltturcd!', nUntt'h·: .. k'rrru u/ i,;lation.'' It i!o • cum pound or old Blmaarc:ki.a t-J•int of thr t Ia,.:- •trUFfi!lt"-nl4y . tlte \'tr~· "''ord tnn~rn.,;,,rn tu IJ,·~in .u mn a.l lr.r r iN"Iicm" e.fd rormelue Inn@: a~o introduc:ed i.alo Genaany: ...:Ia ··do~!>"' ~tru~:~;lt" i~ mi~:.. '."f! fro~ 't" y•~· Sur· "u·li·~o 1 ·rrnmrt1 t for thr IJi.Jtrid o.f C?lu.mbia... "~ ~immtyn ••~· ~mplorJneDt :ns~..... _. ,,,~:: \ :tluf'- IIOt • "U"J•II'IOII of II. Hallt~nc _mater· A.,. I "·ritr. uul or the J'fl';t ~·o.m~ Ill ln!l:-lrnl f'Cho the ltL~.:-~nd 1~111 brm,.. Uf.IO the RhJIIEl oleope anln·m- tht· Jlr"P"'IIm nr\f'r heard of an~ "uch dt~· of ~bn'f thunderou.. cif'nunGaat•t•nll of the Gutha and pelhahves an sswral. , ·• · r ine. Hi..torir m::~trri.JJi ..m, rlu:~.:! ,.lru~~lr.. f'U~J1.1U.~ r.l•tform : "llut lhr J•ltttform. npJ•I i~ll neithrr ,l o tl•r . I hne u~ lhr femiliar diviaioa of nfOIWI ~ nlu~arr th"C" . ~c·t . tht" thrc.-. II~J'r'C'I:- the lrtnlt·' • •!tt:r ue,ulutionun dicUJiuh luJ" noT tn lhr fp· : ·sops" and " palliatives" because in these two t~f' u~uou ~r "l••: ·ta 1:t t.hc>. ~vr 1_3 htt mu\:emrnt. Ill' lurr orp:eniution of communict ,.ociet~. wonls nrc hnplir tl the nnture nnd 'purpose of two ' ""· 1~:- "'.'u:nr e, 1t~ \••·tn·:- ~ \\ h~t .riJt.e. '" Iherr. to "Its politicn l demnnd~ contoin nothing but die distinct kinds of " reforms." "Palliati\'t:s" ure re· Sllf.'l..:l•~m .' \\ ....t 'If- thrrr or Soculh"m m an~,h.mg old democrntic litnny known tu ull the world, 'uni· forms hnndctl dOWI\ by lite bourgeoisie organized rl~ .' . ,·er!lnl sufTrnge,'t' 'dirt'CI lcgi~lnlion' (for the district as the ruling class, to mnke industry moro bearable i\lnrx SC\'Cr~l y critiCI!ICd the Cothn Pro,..ram ~f . of Columbin'! I, ' populnr righls.' 'protection or the in onlcr thnl lnbor power mny not lhercb)' be im· 18i5 hecnusc il crroneo~sly dcclnred. thnl nbor 1s people.' etc. They arc n mere echo or the middle paired. Of such 1lntur~ was the $hortcning of the working duy to prc\'ent the rupid deterioration of the source of nil wealth m~tend. ~f.snymg the soun:c dn!!S Populist pnrly.'' of ai.J. \•nluc. He could not cnttcrse the 1913 1•lnt· NrM .comes 11 :'ection on ''Ch•il Liberties"-utt~r· lnhor·powcr resulting from the long working 1day form ?II thnt !core. L~·III~C it does 1101 hint thnt Jy ridkulous if mldres::ed to the present ·re:lctionary or the enrly cRpitnlisl epoch. bourgeois Slnle. Tlie oulstmuling fcuturc of thi!! If n dog tlemnnds meat, and his dcmnnd becomes , labor I!' the source of nnyllung. bourgeois bill of rights is n "demand'' that "mob more :tml more insistenl until he lhreatens to takeSTAn : Co\PIT.\LIS~t. • llinlcm:e be ltlppre.~sctl lllrollgla the pou:er of the it. out ~ihe cal.f or your lest. and . y~u do nol \\'ish ~0 The Ru. sian rc,•olulion wn~ prO\•ing. the Paris .• jf.'fl cml gollt'rllmCnt. t A most dangerous demand to j;I\'C lu rncnl. you mny dap R pu~e or hrend tn Commune hnd. prO\•ed in prncti:re, whnt Marx nnd be mnde ut,on u rencl ionnr)' go\'ernment by 11 rc\'o· gr:l\')' 111 d throw him thut-;-n "i!op." . Engels luul lnu~;ht .in theor) - lhnt lhe Bourgcoi! lutionarr pnrty which depends UJJOII mob \'iolcncc A~ the wnrking cia~ becomes more and more con· Statc' ntusr be cnr•turccl nn~<lc.,.t royecl. lhnt the Pro· f nm!t~ m·tion 1 u~ 1.1 necD!I! ttry wenpon to O\'Crthrow l'Ciou:; of its re\'olutionnr y aims, SOJJS rtrc thrywn lelnrinn Stntc'. the Dictnto ship or the. Proletariat the pr~nt Slnte! Nc\·er fe·nr, you needn't ,)emnnd more :md more frcquentl)', to cli\'Crt the wo'rl.ers must tnke its pl nce- nnd I mt the proletnrirm !'!(ate thnt thC ~;o,·ernmenl sui'Pr~s mob violence! h .r rorn these snmc re,·olutionury ·aims. Jr the Sooiul· would die n natural tlc:tth. !'urely will. unJ 1\mer icun Nnskes rall ying nrouml i~l purl )'· tho mo.!lt nch'ancetl section of lhe working The 191R Plntform IIS!' UTIICS the eternity or the these \'Cry slognm of the 1913 plntform will lend clast:,. turns ·nsi~le :ror Lhese sops wh~t !he gq·nl is Stote-nnv more the ctcrnit'• of the present, the 1he supprc:-.5:on. close rll lwnd ; rf 11 goes rurther nnJ. 1u ues n plot· bourgeois· ~tnt e. Onlhe·fir:ot iutgc unci in £,old type. form clt:clnring .that it is fighting lor lhe.-;e sops, nnd T.\XATION. the l9 18 Plntform :umoun•:es wlmt it belit!,'CS to be The next ~cctiun denls with lttxntion. It contain,+; neSh:cts to mention anything but !'O)J!I nmong its "the grcnle!lt or nil . i ~~ues wilh which Ihe world n hcnrlremling pre:unhlc lo the efTcx:l lhnt cupitnl· dcnumds; ;r finnlly, il prclencls to lul\'e won whnt stnnJ:s flicctl the sllltc is dom ino1i11g ind11.~1ry. JJlho i.!lm. "our' cnpitnliem, is tottering us n result or lhe cnpitnlism hns in self-<lefcnse hnncfcd down to it· • slw/1 dominate the slatt•? On Ihe answer to lhis "co lo~n l' wnr deht" nnd that (the Socinlist party it thcrcb)' di,·erts the worki)1g clnS! from its clnss. ttnd the l91H l'lntfurmlo Ihe rescue!). we nrc going conscious re\•olutionnry nims, pln)ls into the lumds • question depends the future of 1U1111kind." (I Engels hns pnlientl )' c:<phtined lhnt ' 1the moclern IO :!how CIIJ)ilnlism how IO soh·e the problems of or cnpitufism·, fnlli1115 for sop and priJ1iatiVC aJiko, State, no mnller "''hat its form. is essentinlly n cnpi· the lmblic debt nml1he ''ever mennuing problem of ceases lo tenclt Socinlism· und make Socinlisl!, nnd tolist machine~ the i(lea l personification. of lhc totnl . t\•en th concenlrat i~n." (Which Mnrx fooHshly produces the 1910 CongrcssionUI Pln,1fornt of the . notional cnpitnl.'' Yet thO 1918 Pfalform docs not l~tought inc\'ilnhle under Ihe present sy!ter\):-in· Soc.:inl,i.sllNTPE~IrliNyA.TIO",\,LI.>I" IN Til E.I'LATf'ORM. ' Foec the difference between Stute-Capitnlist nud So· evitnhlc unrl the ine\•itnhlc cause of the Re,•oluhon.) ,. . " ciali!tt mensurc.'!. betwt.'en Wilson's Pnrcei-Post ••:ro this encl we (:1\'or'•- for we arc trending On · _ 1'1. rc•.'c ,~cm rrec in 1 w•o m clo. rc !hnin !l" ~oC0C1010•1 ui.dc, .• , ',,' ,,:·rr., ·n bnnk." nml Lenin'~, between go,·ermnent ownership llourgcoi~. grounll nml lhcreforc we no longer de· 1"' 1 11 1 1 1 0 0 .. 1 11 0 0 51.10 1 0 01 0 11 . throuf!h bourgeois eli tntorship nml go,•ernmcnt mnncl- '':m excess l'rofits tux of approximately 100 wl1ich l;•sl we may perhaps expeel IO· fin<l a staleowncn:hit, tllfongh the prqlctarinn tl ictatnr:~hip. per t.-cnt (n nmnift.'!'l impoSJ~ iliilit y umlel't f. npitnl· 1111'111 nf Socialist principles. ' 11tc fir.!lt slCJt in the S'ocinl llc\'oi:Jtion is 1he ~c izure i~1n ): a l•rogrt!i;sh•c income tnx ; :1 progrt!sive. in· The ''cry title, ''rc:..'COn~lruction," is ' nn index to ot the politi(·al power h)' the prolctnrinl. The 1? 13 h'eriltt/ICC lllX ri:oin" lo JOOf}'a in lnrgc C.'"IIIICS; l llXII• the Jmurgcois Cfwrncler of lhe plutform's nllitude. plutform dnci"n't mention tl•e fir::t siC!(). lmt " de· .lion of "the llllC:tr~ed irlt'rcmenl or lmul'' Hil there CIIJiil~lism ie, ()II the \'cri;c or coi/UJlSC. In ltu~·ia 'o mn nt l:~'' tlwl the prC'"CIIl State t.•kc O\'ei the rail. , 111 e:u·uctl increment'! l; ''nlltl 11 murc mlcquutc cor- portion of the mis hty d lil'ice hn.s l't."ell 'o\'erthrnwn'. rvml~. mim·:-. l"'"·er. untuml r~uurcc!l. l n r~c k·ulc p~mlliun~ I ll'(.' ' I will fnrhcar In inquirr what till! TIIC• li.IOI't lrul y uch•nnced &.'C tiqn ur the· '"orking ' i1ulu:~tr ir;: nml 1hc like. ~II) :I En;.tels: "The more it cln; ,_ in ollwr count ric.-- i~ prepnrin;.; to lenr it duwn · 1111 thnrl'- uf tlli:' !!rc<~t rlocumtmt mettirl by ' 'more ntfc. (the. 1 ,r~'t'l' l1( ~ l at e• pnwecd.; tu the l n kin~ ,wet: uf J lllatc"; hy "a t'tllnfortuhlr 'mu:l :oCt.:urc li\·t:lihoocl'' :~tr ti unl•\' SC"('Iion Lillthc' wholc etlilicc is dC$1ruycd. prutlul'l h·c fm•t·c>;:o . the 111orc tluc:o it nctu:rll ).' bet·nmc , whit-1• is nut tv l1e lcJIH·Iu•tl It\· the im:nmu tu~ or h)' Tho nwo'lutio1mry Am ric;m IJrolclnrint, or~nnlzed the n:~ t inn a l c';lpitnli-t. tl1e 111•1rc t· i lizcn~ ,·Jut,"" it ex: ··,f'/H'IIXimnl t'l )' IOU%." UUt I trust· I will be par.. intu the Amcric.::m urinlisl Pnrty, secin~ Capital· Jtluit.". En;.:rl:: uwr~ly ~')'~' tlmtthc Stale " wi/IIIIII'C · dnm:cl. ii I quote th • wunl~ uf the !Itt': • uli\'ionl!l)' isrn':o tlt~pcrt,t e st miL<~, will. help to :-ln\•e ofT the cnl. l u" 1imlcrt akc tlu• tli rt~· tiun of indu:-lril':"'. the I'JIH nntiquult:tl j\lun. who sccmc11 h )(! im•C. tlmt : htJI~e of " i\'ili:t:uliou."' wi ll rccontttruvl lhe l!haky plntfurm "'d,·mtullf.,·· tlmt it du 'it. Sur~!). its 1111· "'l'us~ nrC lhc fournlntion of the ovenunental rna· t~t ructurc, will kt.'CI' nli\'C the dying ortler• • thurs are more rc\•olutiuunry tlum En ~els_. chincry and of nolhing else. An .iuc·omc tnx J•re· Anti Au the Platform demnnd!il o League of Na· Srlucc ·r,Jrhid:-: nn :an:;ly, h.i uf the ' 1rcvulut iun· $UJIJIC'JOCS lhc tlifTcrent sburCC.III of income of the clif· lion!!. or cou'rse, we call it n ..Fetli:rntion c.\( Peo(Conrin,t'J 011 P"«t.JJ) ury·· mcthotl!' by which lhe Sor.iali81 purty "de· rerenl $0Ciol d asses, hfncc Cll()italist society.'' Poor !'Uf'::;, or.· ,,,t .... �The New York Communiat" Why Political Dem9cracy Must Go By John Reed II . T ilE hi~t oq· of Suc ia l i~-u; in Americn i~ of the tuosl niJ.::urhiuA intt·r~l. E,·cq · ne w thcor)' of t'(lhurl;, for a tlt:..,~cu t upon the 3d. 3th uiu~s uf the fnc.·tnry :-):.l e n\,. h.rl.d jt:: immct.linte hi!!~c r· cue~ iun i11 th • N.:w \\ urJ,J. I he prescut Left U mg 1 1110 \'t:lllC'IIl iu tlu: ~m· i a Ji ..t . l'arl\', wit h its re flex of the lll'W tcndcm·it·_; uf Eurupc:iu Socinlism, is, in tha t d• t• nwtcri ~til'. n ut c;..c('Jllionltl. For t•x:unp l(·. in u:~u tlh' -Engli:>hm:m. Rohert O "·cu, mmctlto :\ mr.rit:n nnd ~ 1 :1 rtcd his New llnr· mOll)' l'o lony. !\lmut tl•c :O:unc time\ AIIJcrt Bri ~­ lwnc I f11thcr of Arthur UrisLHme, ~ J r. llcn r:')t'::' right -hnnd 111!111) , int rodtU'cd into 1\ :ncricn ·the phi losor•hy of Fourier. to h'hich he con\'ertcd I lor· ucc Crcclcv: this r~:ouh cd in a scric:. of conummistic cxpcrimCnis i11 ("O·Opcr:lli\'C in!lustq• nnd ngricul turc. Grcclc\' nluuuloncd pure Fnuricrism. nnd t iukcrcd with :.profit-sharing·· a ud other \'llrictic.:S uf coopcrntion. tlwt led to the g rc:ll r,no,·emcnt for }roduccrs' aud Clln_;: umcr:-' C'Oopcrnti,·e« in New •:ngl.md. wh_ic:h 1' nlmin:1tcd Hlld the11 died d own iu tile cis htic:-. The ch:mwtcric.til' of nnti \'e Amcricl'll "m:i::l idcns \\'US tlwir iut cu~c indi\"idualism. The economic rc!!o;ou for ri d~ 1\' ,b. the hic.toricnl cond i:ion of. Ar'nericnn soc inl •ic,clupmcul. which ident ified tlu..\ concentration of bhOr. nnd c:t pita l i!l cit ic~ with the loss of incli\"idu:tl liberty d~nrnc t eristie of 11 popu· iluiou lnrgcly ngriculturnl ond scnttcrcd thin lr o,·er n great area. One of the cnrl ictt nuti\"C soci11 l phil osophies 11·ns transcendcnt nli:-m. ' "hich took \"ltrio u;;; fonm. in· e luding the esthetic i :uli,·idun li ~ m of Thorenu: 'the intellcctlHtl indh·idualic.m of Emcrso n-wh o~e idcns. howe\er. •rcrc con~idcrecl ~o clangcrou'i 10 socict \' 1hnt he w p~ not ncrmille<l to lecture lt l-Inn ·· nnl .-nh crsil l"i the •·n~5ocint ioni5t'' ~oopernti\'e nc· ti\'ity of Clulnn inf!. grafted Ol'lo Fon ricri:O-m: and ;~:~.ll y. the rc\·olulionM~ idcns of Orc.;tc~ Bro t\'11· l clcmantlcd t'l"nllomit· rt•foruu u.:lticlt u:ould not destroy t'.\i~ ti11g politil·al iu .~titutiofiJ. The fi r:-\ :~ppc:1r.m<:e iu thi.: countrr of Mnrxian Sncia lic.m w01 ,; in 1 »~2-:L when J o~cph Wcytlcmeycr, ;1 rricml nud tl io:c ip lc of \l:•rx 11 nd En gel~. came to New Yurk mulorg.mizcd :1 ~lmrt ·l h·ccl revolutiim ary ...ociel\' known a !" the l'rolt.•tnriabuml. Then he at· t cmpl~tl tn :-prc.ul his i1lca!' in the r:mks t)f I he lrndc-un imt~ ronn inj! ; II the time. 111111 o r.;;,mizctl :111 us.~oc iat ion :lmullj.!; tho Ccrnu:n \l'orkcr~ ca:Jed the Ccn('r.d \\"orkinf!'IIICII·~ 1\lliuncc. which hegnn the pu!Jii1· :1ti1111 of n Cnmnumi~t paper c alled /Jic u,.. form. The rnoveml'!tt t:prc{l{l. A ~i mibr -org.aniza· tinn wa:o :-l:u tcd 11:11o 11g the Engli~h·~pc:aking wo rker~. But t he growing I\ :1\'C ur lr.allc unionism fin nlly (J\'(Ifh"h d med if. nnl 1\brxiau Sot:inJi ..m. wit h its cu m·c p t io r~ or the d a.;s s tru~::-l c. it~ rcco:;nit iun of !rndc."·Unio..,n i ~ttl nrul po! iticu l actiott, tli:-appcarcd Ulltil urtcr t!Je Cil' il \\'Jir. The F:r:-1 lntrrnntinnal. foundetl in l.undon in Wtl ~. for wh icli 1..:u1 .\brx wrote I he innugurn l nddrc ~-<, l•c;.:an hit h mt orj!m: iz~t t ion of B.ritish tr:tdc· union lcr d ·r~ tn prC\'Cnl the imJw rtation of ::trike· hrc,Jkcr"' into· Enj!lt!nd from the coutincnt. It de,·dopc,l inlo ;1 !'nrl uf genera l Wo"rkcr.;' l'nion, in h"hO·C r.tnk" twu thcMit"" huttlcd : th;1t of Mnzzini , nrh oc:~t it:g the h.trmull}" tJr tlu'! inlt•re:-t<~. of cn pitnl and Jnbor 1from which the philosophy or the A. F. of L. i.:;; dire<:! I\" de-.cf' ndcclt. nnd thut of Murx. \\'ho cmpha~ized tl;e c lnss solidnr it r of IaLor in nil b:ul.c:. Xot until the BnJ..uninitcs :t! nto'"l cu plurcd the mo\"cmcnt iu the eJ r h· Fe,·cnties di(l the l!Ctunl progr:un of Socia li::m b~.,!omc the lending ii<sue. The earl y philo.;ophy of the lnten wtional wns h:,scd 011 the ccouomic c.rg:mizution of the workers into tn ulc un ion~ nml coopcmti\· $ . to precede the "f'h:urc of the pol iticn l Wllc. ·II took ten rears for th i~ i(lea to become li rmh~ estnbliShcd in Americn. On t.hc. othor hnnd. tlie l.nsnlle:m .:t~it•llion of 186:{ in Germany ,, ;,., immedintely reproduced here. Llu:d le emphn.,izcd politica l net ion. the po li.ticA I cn plure o.f the .State firlt- this capture to be followed hr the orgn niznticJn of the working ol:'lss into r o-operati1·ers u : i!-ted b~ St~k c:rediL In 1Kl>5 th('Tf' " '8" {Ormtd in :'\f'"' Ytork l.he r~ner:al (;crmftn \\'orL. in1mu:n 'l' l nion. " !-uch Jlll.rH"'luf'nlh ht•c a mr- ~et:t ion I of the l nleornat innal. It,. or ijlinu l dec- lan-d : . '"C1alcr the mun~ of the Generh.l Cermnn Work· in.. men·.s l "nion arc united nil Sobiul-Hepublicans. p:t~ticu l :!rly tl1o::oc 11ho regnr<l Ferdinnnd Lnsalle ns .t he mo:;:t eminent chnmpio)t o r the working cln5s. rur the purpf. h ' e of renching u true -point of \'iew 011 nil :-O<·i:11 quc~tions . •. . . lr'hil t• in Europe otrll· " ftCrll'ml rt'l'ollltiotr run form the means of upfi_fti11g tltr II'Orkit!g 1"' 0 1'/c. in America the cduCtltirm nf th,• liln(.( rs u·ill iruti/1 them with the t!egrec of st·lf-ronfidt•m·t• tlwt is imliJpt•rr.wblc for t~le djL•ctin! ami i11tclligcnt ll'.(f! of the ballot. ami wtll c"n•trtmt/Jr /t•m/ to tftt: t'/1Wt1cipatiOII of the 1/'0r/i illg pcnph· f;,,m tht• yoh of cflpittil.'' , Sc,·cn \'enr~ bcfnre thi~. howe\·cr. there hnd been cc.l:rb!ic.hCol n :\lnrxi:ut or.-.nni7.ntion. the ComnnmiH a ll :>ort ~ uf cxtrnneou:- m:ttkr:-, :-1wh a:- n " unil'l~r~a l l:t!IJ.!U:Igc," wuuum ... uffragc. " fret'dom of !"t:xun l re· latiun!l... Thi!" itupcr\llccl the wr~· ,..\IITC's... ful prul•·•t;·nldn of the Ct•lllra l Committ cf; atllllllj.!; lalmr urg.tnizntion,:; , Scctiun I ~ pur:.ucd it:- acli\'ilic:. fn the m unc tof tht· l ntt·rnntiunal, rcfu .. iu~-: In n ..-coj.!;nize . the .mthority uf the Ccnlral Cnnunillc•t•, a111l :•ppc:d iu~; lu thc,Ccucral l;uum·il ito l.undnu t o llt."t;Uiltt! the leHcl in~ St.-ctinn in Amcric:~-wh ieh WU!' rcjt·cted. Finnll y the furci:,:n ~toctit~n-. liL'Cidct l to put n !-lop to the :u·ti,·itic;; of Secliun 12. Tltc dclq~ah:....; nf fo urteen st.'Ciiuns mC't :mcl tli ..:ouh cd the Ccut ra l Committee, rcorgnuiziug under the name of the Fcdcr.t l Cou11cil. nut! c ... cl utl in~ St·t·tion 12 nml :a few :-.ymp:t thizi ne; H!d iun:o. wh ich t lt~r ufft·rctl atlmill Int i' ou the h:•:-i:o of tim followi!t g pn opusitions : ''I. Onl y the bhor que.<:tion to Le trcntctl in the org.tnizntion. "2. Only new ~ct·t ion<: In ltc ll(lmittcd lwo th inls of. whnse member~ are w:1g:c lahu rcr~ . ' "3 1110 1_:,1,S0c,ct1;1,1',',',cl. 0"1c1111o•...Le cxcl udetl. ns ~trnn:;crs to ~ct·l ion 12, hciug entirely compo"ctl tlf intcllcctunl-<, rcfu~ecl. The Cenn:m H'l'tio n.; ca iJ,•d a lllllionnl t'Vn\·eution l u lcgnli1.t' tl~ci r c·nu p tl"ctot. The Gcner;• l Council in l.t)ndnn m:ulc :m im·c..~ t igatiou, nncl in 187~ S('Cliuu 12 w:i~ expelled frOm the l utcrnntitlnnl. B1il Section 12 dud it..; follo wers rcruscd to :IL'Ccpl the decision. nncl called n lutliona l con\'cntion of its own, in ,_d t ich were reprc~c 1 itcd thirtecu Sc..'(:tions, mo::tlv Engli::h-spcnking. This CO!l\Cilllt.ln dt•nouncecl th.e mtPrfercncc of the Ge),. end Counci l in ,\mcricau urTn irs, a nd th..-c la rct! it~ intcntinr~ to np pen l lo th~ Gencrn l Cong ress of the l ntcrnnt mnnl, nl the ll aguc, in 1372. 4t AltltoughSet.:tionl2 nntl its udlteriug Sections opposed the 1\l:tr.\ ians. the\' tl icl not ulh· tltemc.ci \'CS with D:1kunin :md his ·rnction- nlthOugh nt the l·ln~uc _Cougrc.:s Hakun in $0Upportcd the delegates of St'Ct luu 12. who were expe lled with him rrotn the l ntcrnat ion;: l. The rleh' org.mization dom iu:a!cd br Uru~n~on. ol thP alou\"t , ~L' tin~ u.1iy real mtmOO ~'"'" I::! turned ill- allenliun to l'oliltn . At the wme tlmr-. the c-om·enttnu of the rerular l nt~r· uf tht !o\ urL. in~ ,.!;,... . It 1~ inttr~llnf! herr- IO quole fr,•lll h·,., ' nrl11 lr. "TI1e l ..1lourmf! C l aJO~.·· pulo· na1ionad in Amerir...a proclaimed 4!' it.o> intmt.ion "to Jj ..!JrJ m Jl~ lll. an lll'f'couut of 1hr- ftt<"turit=!- of :\'t-\o\' re!oi"U~ t ht: l0."4f)..in~ c-laM.e:< from. the influence and EnrldnJ. ~hr-rr- L.he ." orkrr~> "r-rr- mc.,th· ~ omen : JlO"er of ull politica l parties, and ,.hu"'' that ~ '"l"h~ ~ ~~·• • mu' . ,.,u IIUI tloru h,.•hh. •rntll and murall ,.,j""tr nrr nf :all tho-r- par1ieoo i! ft l":ime a nd a lhre3l ,. ,,Jo,,.,, j,,.• ,.n,onr .,n.. • hoi l,...ttcr ,,fl' th:11 ., ),,.n lhroo cum· •F-otil, ..t lln: "''ior~ inf! rlaJo~... II d1d no! r«OpliU PI""'""'' lal"'' 11•" Lolh .,f ruonalot\ 111 ti•M>" • o ll t J'~ arr the! thr l imP "' fl.' .'·et: n pe for pol it..ira l ac-t iun. nnt ttru.on,_ • " . t!nu:, t...., th,. )"'"'' ,;u l • .. t, ..n lh"• ran ,,, 11 "" l·•nf:"' , ., l•·•m• '" do " U,. L,,,.,.., "" tad· In the Hngue Congre.,s, Sorge, .rcprc.se1•ting the d,.t .o~lol o•n u rt l• tht :'l , ,,. nf fiiJT la ~·tun •ut•ll" fll ,.... lll l , orthodox 1\lurxinn orgn nizntiun in 1\meric:•, gm·c whrn 1hr lof'll al torr..tlo. nf dt •. "' at tlor ho.ur ot brtttdu t ns hi:; rea~on why the n;tth·e Am ricu n Sections were "'' d 1nnrr .• ulh uul ot• t..uu.lrf'<l• or l h oouN nd~ of nr;rt· .., · .... uot entitl ed to rcpre~cnlntiou , tltatthc rw tiue .dmerlkul !hi ... nml tk•11 p:o lo l.n11 renee. or Pro,·iicrms II'CTI ' pmai~,.·all_r nil ·'peculators, u·lu'le' the im dcw · , or Fall Hil'cr tod:H·. Th<' on h· clirTereuce is ~::,-~r;::~:ic:~o"c. constituted the wage-camitlg c/au tlmt now the 110~·kcr~ nrc forcia u h"Ouien. 1\'!lilc then The he~td•luancrs o.lf the lntcrnat ionnl was trans· the,· were Amcn enn". fcrrcd to New York in 18n. Fro m then strife · llro wn.o.011 h:1tl had llC'ICr :O l'(' ll tlte Comm:mi-.t dc\"c!Oi>ccl h'l"ll11·,, ·,,, rn11k'• tl lltl"l tl1c COIII' CIII "I on of :\l,mifc:-tn. Y~o.•t i!t 13-IU he nch'oc:llcd the o1·cr· ~ thrut\1or the C'fo Jl \la li-1 1llatc, :md tlcc lnrcU any mcnn,. lfl 7tJ, when the two OJl]lOSing COnceptions o r poJj(j. ju ~ tifi n bl c. It i~ :-t:u·tliug nl thii< t ime to read h·hal -c_a l m:tion pure :~ud simple. lll' ngninst the; orgnniznh,. :n ·::: : lion of trnde-umons 115 11 hnsis for political nction, '" \ n;l is 1h:8 mrn~•lrr In 1,.. t ::•:h· ~·.trricol ? :'\nt ut nil.. np:nlin ~lplit the Amcricnn lntcrn:rtionol, nnd the It will r11~1 infinitd) llhll"l' th::n il. •·Nt to oholbh cithl!r r po iticu nctioniJ:ts pcrmuncntly withdrew, ond hcl'~-dit aq molnatch} tit' ht t<'•lil.ll ) J!ll!oilit r. h it n l_:n' lll Cluh. hn~crl on tbe Cotllllltllli.H Mntl ijt·Mo. muong stnrlcd the Social Dcmocrnt ic Pnrty of North AmerIIII'.J~ur" 111111 a ~t .utli nj! . "I ht• t io·h. tl~ • husin ~~ rommunil ~ . 1 1 will m·•t·r '"ltua.uih o•unct>ltt too it. nml \1 1." tltink 11r 1-llfll•' :\·1l~o~~~~~~,~~~:t•1~M~:;;ct;:~,:;1il~~~:~l.n~~~I\'~1-J:~ P;: ~ {lit:~~~~:l i~: !~::~ r~:n~~~-~;nme time . .the Lnhor Pnrtr of Chiengo tnn murh o•f hnta.tn. lt:tllltt' I•• l~t•i i<'' •' 111.. 1 it \\ill ct,•r h\· In Europe, too. the workingmen were' bui lding l'lfcrh·ol pt':1ft'olloh. It 11ill · l 11• t'ff,•o·t~'1 1 unl~ h~· thl• illT"IIJt \'o l uminou~ ('orrc~JH~udencc 1\"ith .:\lnrx, Engels arul tmu ·uf phv~ir.J f o•rt" l', It u ill n Hn r, iJ it t'l t'f t' Ortii'J II/ uti, !h·r kcr. np politica l pnrtics in plncc of fcdernlion" of the 11niJ 111 tit·· r l•ttolou inn of 11 rt m , 11u· /il,t' of ft'hir h thr ln l al'tf:. the Conwmni~t CluL :mi.l1hc 'Working· lnternation;!l. And this had its effect up~n tlic wot!tl lm~ ttl noT•'' fo ;"tno·~c.·.f. mo./ j rum u .~ ir h. lumnrr inf'l'iWMt• it mill !•''''' t o) t 'w nt nl ploUo~or•lt_l , tflt' h l'urt men·~ l'niun unitl'cl to rorm ·a political p:trly. tl1e American l.1bor mo\"ement: But the ei)ief re:1sons ~ut.•i:d Pnrt\" or ~ew York and l'ioinit y. It is inter· ftll' the tcndenty tO\\'Ilrd politicn l orgtmiznt;on \l'ere oi h~~t,.,:nitr rrroil&'' itb """ '''· ' ""\\',• .1re 11111 n:.tol~ f Oll' 1l1i,. IIH'.\1'111 "' ~ , : . Tl:,·te h mur!1 f':"lin(! to tio:t• hl..'rc tlmt th i~ put y wn~. · out of the d_i~n:otrou-= effects of tlic pnn!c. of JBn , which 1 1 · J:~~~:~\1~~ ~~::rl~tt'ltot\::~ ~~~l~i~\t~~~:!, !j-,;:~ltll\;::,'~·.' ~1(:\l\\;\ , ~:\ h~1~ tldercm•e to tltc J::ugli:-h-~pcal:in~ · \\ o rkcrs. n ,Jis· prncttCl!lly de.o.troy.etl tl1e Amcrtc 1111 trndc union t•uml' h•r it" fl l"'.• athl (u\1 tli~ u~ si..u. It mutt he rnm ,tUc•l t iuct lr ~ori:tl nofonn party. ad\'ocnting progre.-;si\'e mm·cment. nml n d,·,tirc to mol.·c Sot:i11 /ism m ore in 1hl' puhlk minol. ;tt11l -.coc-irt~ l'l''l'·lrt'cl (••r n•· tin~t "" it."' im·omc t:lXC5. al10lit iun uJ m1tiou:-l lmnks. right of nllractit·e to the AmcrictJu u·orl.-t.•r.J- thut is, to ·the r\nolhcr d in·•·lilm tal..C'u f,, n :-~ t i ,·c ,\ mcril·a u i ~"'llC of paper money rt!.~er\'cd to the f.o\'crnmcnt . ~mu ll property holder.;. ~udn l th cori<"~ \\ ,, .. rcftlrm ul the :o\'-tf'm .. nf C'-· m1 eight-hour law. clc. The cmup:r i~;n of IBW But rit the .snme t ime the Arncricnn working men prmc•tl it ;1 fnilur,c. In DL"t' f?ntbcr of ~UU~. ~t juiuct! were pcrft."Ct ing the first of their powerful ceodtn n~c mul 1-nnl.. iu~. · J n~h' h \\ >~rrcn . the ' 'fir;;;t .\ mcrit·:w ;on:m·h i~t." the l ntt•rn:Jtitlnn l. ;wcl lwgan work of ~ocmlt~! !ltudy nomic nrgnniznlion~. the t wo C\"C!I then. heginning OJlCIICd ll .;cric:o or · ~t orC~ \ 1 ht.'l"l' ;,:ond~ h TI"C ~oltJ :II anti ~t·twra l Sor ia lisl prop:'lgntul:•. o n" the basis of their struggle for mastery on the imlustrinl fieldI'U" I , ,tilt! lhc lnhur l)r.tlu• ~!11 ('•! 1\Cll \1,1" p.titl rur the Knights of Lnbor mid the crufl un ion 1110\'cment. :\lar\:'$0 Capital. h)" 1111 cqunl :unnunt of lnl.u)r hy tllf' pun·h:H·r. l ie In 1lfb nC\:t twn ~c·tr~ a numhcr of new i'{'('tioJiS l?ol itica lly. the rnnk :mel fil e ·o r .both these organ· fmn:dt·tl ..ncr.d ,·nhmir:-. \dtil'h \H'rc h:l..('tl 1)n tlw of the lntcrn;,tiona l were org';mized. con:"i"l ing izationl' were entirely impregnated with pctit-bourJlrim·iplc that prit·c : litHthl he~ tlch·nnim•(ll oy l.tlmr· mo~t ly of foreign immigrmtt:l. There wa~ :'1 French gcoi:; p .:;;~c· ho l og)'· The J>itt,.Jmrgh Ccucrnl l...llbor t•n ..t. I li." wa .. fnlln t\Ctl In· \\ill ian' lh.'(·k. with hi.. ..ectiun. ;c Hohcmi:m ."Cetion. nml !lC\"Cralt lri!lh !=t'C· • Con\'Cnlion o r 1Bi6 wn.s captured hy the Knights "t i•·kt·t ·-~:-t•·m'" c1f duinj;! ;1\I"!IY with h:ml..~. and thr tiun!l. But~co:idt·~ the forei;.:n immip:r:\nl~. there of Lnl~or. whu cn~lors_cd Gre~nlwckism. from chc:'r, :-uJo..tilutinH ,,f p111'l'kt,..inp: power for currency. ""·'~ :mnthcr l:!ruup. AmcricJms. who joined moue~ to the protectn·e lnnff. unci thus cut :t~.ln t Tho·u t·.um• \\ ill inm \\'t•i tliu ~. the C.crrnnu inuni- the £ntcrnat i111tu l. 'l11i:1 wm• mndc up of in· · from the Socinlist:1, who withdrew from the: con· \ / tCJil'('lt\:1\... in\uuitnr!l or the trntl itions of "trAilS· \"Clition, ~run l . h'ith hi... phlll for :l " lo:mk o r t"•a·h:m;.:t:.·." in wl1ic·h prin• wnu ltl loc fi \:ctl hy " )ullor-tinu...... Thil' n•culcut.tli .. m nncl Fu uri cri~m in the rorti ~ mul . The rc...,tlt wns to unite the Soc iali~ t fnctions, .wu., 11 l"t'n:prnmi"l' \\ ith the itlt•.t.. 11hich lu• h.ul lift!c.... The\ lu:tl funned nn orgnnizalion cnllcd whit·h c:ni1e together a nd nclopted n clcclllr:lt io"n or ' lir~ t lornu;.:hl rrum Eurupf' in Jn-17 - t"llfii ii/IJ/111/I"IIt'f• the New ll~mocrnc\', who"t' tilnt rorm nd\"Ocntecl principles tnken from the Genera l S t;tlutcs of the .~lu"t• of oil f"''f~~':l_l"' flllll t·f'ntrtrfi:,•d ltlflrttr!!•'IIH'IIl t>f cll"\\tural refornt. ; uch U!'o !he referendum. nnd") lnt(•rtHltionnl. nml org:mizcd the Wo rkingmen's ftrtlllnctinll n:u/ n r hllll/!f'· · The rrl\!'1111 for 1\ii.. :O:tatc :"nciali:-m. . . l>nrtr of the United Stntc..,., which immedint.cly ..lu:n;..::t• j., l'f'l"~ :oi;.:nilinmt. Uoth in Euro pe mul In !Hill 1he i\'ct\" Democraq· di:-h:m(letl. and its plunged into politics. t\llll'rit·:• till' llll'l'l'h.ml •t":lpit.lli ..t \I ll '" the •lnmimml mcmlter!" j(liut•tlthe l nternntiniml .1~ ~e«:t ions: 9 nnd ~ly purpo::c in tiJU~ reviewing the early history of t' ll l'rn y uf tl11· 1wrl. in;: 1"1 •1..... But in Europt! il w.l'" 12. o)f N('w Yorl... :-'l'Ctivu 12. under the l ender~hip tl1e A111cricnn Socinlist mo,·ement in deta il, is to cnll r<•n lir.f'd !hal a ~ uc· i ,tf .unl pulitin •l rc,·o lution 11'11" of ll•u !"i"t'·r-. \" it'loria ,\Voot!hull unci Tennessee nttention to the nature of its nc~ion in. the American I H.,' t':---:l r~ tu ;.:t'l rid ,( him tin.!icntt•d h)· tlu~ Bt'\'0· Clall in. ,,dJ-known :ufi·cwatcs of "social frecclom." po lit irnl i'tructure. Of coun:e it is obvious thn1 the lut itlll'" •lf IBW,I . 11l1ilc in :\merit-a the h"orkcr:: •tuit·kly ·Lccnmc fnmou:". It turned its nllcntion to influence of Socinlism upou the ~mericnn state up ,, 1 II �The Nf!'W Y ort. Comanmiot I Left Wing Notes THEportLehtheWing oqrani..tion bu Jecided to following nomintt and a!oU all revo-. hoa<lquarten o! the 8th A. D., 1.22 s..-cJ ~ IMp- lutiomuy Socia list~. to }'or EucuJiv~ & ctttllr] o f Loco1 Ntv~ YorA: : AfcuurJi.liu.u ,Cohen.. In vie"· of the rdtrn-~dum on the State Executive Commiltee rnolutinn to -=:~J~ I all branch~ and I Oc::ll ~ t11at h1wr- joim·d the Left \li i n~ Sect ion, oll the brancl1~ and locals throug hClut the State £hould makt> arrun~e~~ to h ave Left \\'ing epeakera atate o ur ClUe. Left Wing fipeakeu con be &eeurcd Ly eommunicatinJ! ""'ith Mttximilian Cohen. Secretary of the Uft Wing Soction, 43 Y o1k Cit y. • • W~!!~t • 29th Street, New . All Left Wing communications of this column r.hould be addreft.._""'!ll to Maximilian Cohen, 4J \\'est 29th S treet. on <I ,.hou ld rench him n ot late r than T u~dny murning (~- in~ttion •the sam~ week.. Ap~ Help Your Comradea! do Ji.L.ewiM:: for Fund. for Tbe N. Y . Communut CmfRAlJES: Tilt Left WinEt ill in need of runda (or the iM>uance of ih paper; \o\'e h:l\'e nu du~ paying mt'ml.tcrship and ure t;o)rl)· depcrulf!nt upnn the , oJ•mtar}' <"Uiltr ibuliun:o of Ctllruades for our sup· port. If you think ou.r mo,ement is ntce&!>llr )', if you feel that "''e m ust ha,·e public expree-.!>ion, )'ou must <"orne to our ~ u ppu(t. In the present crisi.t, more t.han e\·er beforr. "''r must keeP.: in the f1el d, our paper must Ue-publ ished. WE ·I'\EED F UNDS.· A Joint Diruirt Meeting of the &h A. ·o., Socialist Pan y, will l.te held at 122 Second Avenue, Thur.!'dav' C\'enin~. P-ta~· 22d, at 8 P. ttl. Very im· po~nt business 'ft'i~ be ~n up. At leal!t one hundred worl.:ere who p art.ici· ~ated in the Clc\~l and Ma)' Day Demonatra· liOn, han• been ratlroade:d to priltOn. So f ar u the le:n, li h een or thiny don that com· rado mu~ t.Crve: in the workhou~. th05e 'ft'bo a.re ouuide cannot he}p them. But 'ft'e can tu it that not a ,;insle man or "'oman re· mains in the M'ork.how;e to work llitt the 6.De and. coru ~·hich a~ part of all the ~t.eneee:. l ·nder the unj~ st laM'S no~· ex.iJoting, a man or "'·umM ~·h u t~" poor and cannot' pay fine and coH~ muat remain in the workhouse to 'ft•orL: out the fin~ and cotota at the nLe of sixty ccnt.s per day. In oihe,r worW 1!\' l!f)' toen· tence wh ich includes a frne of $25.000 and · cow mean~ that Lhe p ri!oner " 'ill bav~ to ~ne fifty or sixt y additional da)'& .ao 'ft'ork o ut that pan of his or her lientencc. •This mu!t not be. ·n,e 6nee mw:t be paid. In addttiun. the families of r.omr: uf thott ~·ho are in pri!.un "·ill be in neeU before thei.r t-enlence5 e):pire. We must Ju:lp Lhem. Titey mu!it pot suffer. S t'nd donaJioru 10 C. E. H.u.tJu:nht:r&. 1222 Pro:.ptcl At1e., Ckt~lond. K!C Loc.a ~~ Sandusk)·, ~aledo, Y~ung~town, ilioo, HaDlJiton and Zsnes\'tlle, all of Ohio. ' TI1e United Lettil·h S in~ing Society held an en· terta inment at ~hieh $33 'ft'.U collected for the Lett Wing. IAcal Uo;ca. N. Y., hu adopoed tlte Lefo Wint; Ttlam £estu and Program and re\·i&ed its platform to cunform "'·ith Leh ~ing ~rinti~l e-5.. Le~i &h Branch ~o. 1. of Local Dron1 tl SSp1em· At the Jut medin~ of the Left Winf caucUJ of · the Ct'ntni ComnUttee, Local Bronx. Benj. GitloM·, ben 1n good 11tandmg 1 hu passed a re:MJlution CO D· . d emning the 1\'e"'' York Stile Commihec for having H . Bouq::in , A. Winick. Dr. Clou~rma n and Roman Ul uef!Ta!->5 were endorJM:d aa the candidates for the 1dopted ..a rtificia I means to attempt to throM' out a coo ~iderable number of the Pan,· mem.ben in the C.ity Committee from Local BronL · • Statt of r\ew York, which of ncceuiiy would force a aplit. Ov.-ing to an enor in the m inute! of the City Com· ..H ~IvCd . That memben of the State Committee mitt«- of .Mn l 4Lh. Comrade Lore'a n ame wu in· woling £or the afores.~~id r e:,c.olution, do not and IO('r1rd in!ltettd. of Comrade Lcwcstone'11 as one of the can not represent the M'isltes of the Part)',• there£ore del ep-otel lu the Left Wing National Convention. A we ca ll for a rtferendum to reca ll the following donation of ! 50 from Local Queens to the Left delegflt.ea: SIUnu~l Orr,• Uther Friedman, Marie .\\'inp: 'ft'all erroneOus!)· recorded as f 5. McDonald." TI1e following locals have joiried •the Left Win! : Lch Wiog Branches in tb'e Brons are requmtcd to ICCbod thi.a resolution. · to 1880 \t.'a!l nec~l )' small , bcc.aute the movement itM:Ir wM. ovenhadowed b y other political The 17\h A. D. l unroorganLtedl . ~·;J) bold a diam o,·emenl!i. Still . at a time "'·h en moTenu:nt.s in cuMion meetin~ on the Left Wing Manifesto on Eurllpe very aimi lar in -siu and importance "'"ere Thunday. May 22. at ill he.tdq ua~en, 1538 Madi· h.t"'.infr an imp_ortant effect upon the policies of .an A\'enue. On Friday, May 23, Dr. Fredrick nnous ~overnmeua. the effect in America wae ~:ru~io';,i~~:.: ~~~:;(. t~j~~~en on Indus· absolutely nil Wbr? I have tried to point out in ~is aerte. of articles the dis.aatrous effect of political demo- TO THE JEWISH l.EIT WINGERS erotic ideology upon the p owth of cla..u--conM:iou&A acnd-off pany M'ilJ be held this S'a turdar even· . nes. Even after the capitalist clan in America ing ao 8 :30 P. ·M.. for !he Lefo Wing delept• oo h ad learned that go,•e:rnment i~ not carried on in the Jewish Socialiat F!der1tion Cooventiob, at tbe l egi,. Jatu r~. but in ba.nJu; and Cha m~re of Com· merce. the workers tJ.ill ~l i e\-ed that polit ical Local Kings at its Cenual Committee, May 17th. joined the Left Wing and adopted the foll o'!'·ing resolution by a ,·ote of 68 to 21: r e\·olutionary theories imported from Europe. And \Vhereu , we desire to dearly p lace nur· when it did not, the ci U&·con5eioU! workinpnc:n'a eeh •es on record fQr, and operyly and L1h•ely or([a.uil:atiom 1100n found that the capitali,.t politi· &lign nur~ h·o wilh th.a rel·olulionary pro· ca l part ies, 'ft'ith their appeal to small property let.ariat the • ·orld over, aa 11 pt"e~C~It e.rpf'CMed ho lders. " 'ere ea!iily able to capture the labor. vote .h~· the polM:iee and tJCtics of the CommanUt from the ~;ocin lists. Party o f Ruaai.11 (Bolahevil.i). the Comtnunilt And finall~· · althou~h. aa Sorge at.attd at the Lahor Party of Germanv !Spart.acant) and Haple Confll'~. " the forei~ immigranta alone .:othe: pa.rtiee in harmony with them. be il constituted the wa~e-eaming clcus in America.'' they Resolved, That we. Loca'l Kin!' in f ound them..•.clves unable in an~· way to bring in· Party Memben.hip meeting ueem.bled thia ftuf'nce upon the government or the rulins clda~C'-­ 17th day of May. 1 ~19. adopt u Our oL:ieJ b!!CauJe IM,Y Ulf'U JortipKrt. e.t.pte:Mioo the Ma.nifcao arid Prosrq cf the Th ~ ia u true toda.,· tl.!l it wu in 1816-if not Lefo Wins Seco;on o! the Socialiat Party, m ore 1'0 , on account or'the wa.r. The forei~ work· Greater Netf York : and be it further en in lhi!- country are rirtually esd uded from· all Reeoh-ed, Thai we pled«c both 6n1DC'ial panicipation in the ,o,•emme:nt. ahhou!h they conud morel •uppor1 to the Leh Wins propa· P.titute lhe major ity of the AmeTican woriUns claaa. @:&Dda and orsarii.ul:ioa., workins to lhe aid Althou@h naturalized citiuna... the )at.t:G imm.igra· that the N&tional Orsanisaboa confof"'DD with· tion l•w• nullify thi.t •dvantage, becalde tinder tbe pohc;e. of lhu Prosra~~~; .-1 be it far· them citizenship can be revoked upon 'COPriction of !her lu:ri.ng revolutionary ideas. Their organisationa R.oolvod. Thai all clol"'!...., commin.,. are powerleaa; their pnu it muzzled ; the couru ....! o5c:W. or J...oal Kinp adhtn - · coovR:t them of political offen~ upon the a.ligbu.t ly oo lhu MuW•.o ud Prosram: .-1 be It evidence. and Or~aniud Labor-as typilied in the further A. F. of L -ban them from the advant.ap of RGO I ~ Thal Loc.t1 K.inp will Dol coun· eYeD the inadeQuate labor org.aniutioM formed to ten&!k;e or c:ompromi...: • ·it.h any t.aU w •r deft=nd the worken' economic inteu:au. meuui-ta, hwt tha1 u.., cb.a.qe iD poHciel 1.0d The prew:nt out lu.·ing of Socialt.u in roHtica. Uctic::s mua.t be cocplete, evu if it oecett.tibGc:.t.tue t.hev are Sociali.Ma, indicate5 the anawer of lal.ta the teve.raDCe of nl.atioDt "i t.b ' thOtoe the democrAtic State to the political ection of the co...U.utint; the r~ cJ..ua...co.uc'-oua wor~era.. 5 =~:~cy-rhl~Jdbe~~~e ~~f:db~:d' ;~~fied~e~ [ToN........_,) :>1:::::~ moM«~ o~ans:,., for a nic June 29, for the benefit of the L W. \\'. defenee. Other orKanWtion.a an beins uked. to keep th11 date open, 10 thn there may be DO Go. n;cL The aff >ir wHI be held .. Uberty Park, E'·ergree.. Brook.IJ1L • · Ao a mee~ ;n,; of the (;oy ConmUto.oo bold ..,.... Stlt ~·Y o £ May it wu decided t.o call a City Coo.. i',!~t10n and that the baai.a of repre.em..tion llh.1J ..One del ~ate for nrry SO memben iD ([ood standing or or fraction thereof; ~~;! branche. ahall e oct delot~W. dinoct· mal· You 'a.re there£ or fblueaed to tertd out a call 10 the hranche. inatruclio~ · thcm to elect delegllel to tm:~::t!IJn on ~e bui.a decidod by the City The convention will be ·held oo Jll.DC 14th JDCl 15th in the r eople'a Houae &Dd the orde-r of bwj. DCM "''ill be u followa: . Con•olidation or Loc.ts into a Creater Ci~ LocaL T aL:ing actioh on Party <h.1lCrTllip 0£ pn!._ Taking action on the Left Wiz~« • Taking up the qumtion of the re-orsani.u~ of branches ia Local New York. · • Send ohe names o( ohe del~•"" elected .-1 tho branches they reprCialt to the aec:retary at the Queen• Labor Lyceum, Myrtle and Cyp,_ A.,... nueo, ruc~g<wood, I. L A . ~Ia.._ in publ;e ap..l<in,; u beint; formed ~ lhe l .'lh .A. D. The work >rill coOA;.o mainly 'of practice m the opeo &ir under the··inii!'UCtion .bd cdokism of £nelos. will be .... charge. All membert are to join. u.,.ry w"""n.... The South Slavic Branch. New York., uzwtimoaa. lr join«! !he Lefo Wint; of the Soculiat Party. l //The Telescope!/ y det.aila T~ SocidUt p•r• a little m~~ att.aatioo to the of the maL:e-up of ToE CoiiOlU!O.ST. it oughl aoon IO be a fa;rly p...mable looltiDs papor. We are pleded to .ee that our 1tUfJ it; lltJ'ikillfJ homc-tlte 61h A. D. it quile rilod at ""'Tbe Pink Terror" which ia euct.l)' whal wu int~ W'e aim to plcue. ( · . .. . ~ UoeoaiC.:ioUa bumor- Tbe 6th A. against THE CoMiliUJflJ1. · 'n. l"eeilldiac . ..Where were thme ltrun« men em., Me)', Dayt• If •II accowrta are true • leest one atron\ man w11 up oa the ftoor of ...b Joe Gollomb. to.r n:r ~~h~0~~~~ lh~j~:::.:l~ill~;:" ~':t:: ~ing cluLbed on the floon 1-~ow by the bllif armed tbugJ. Ditcrr.tioo it the b«<ei put of nlor, Joe. . • And""' auppoao the - of ohe"' ........ oot "" tbe hanicadea alons with.I!oui. Waldawa. a:.-.... So Buffalo wooldo' ataDd f0< Well . ;, hu '-> a. lon,; la.oe hal it baa~ • l.aaL • . " The !froad •J."dn> oi OCOIIomie ~· ­ lhro~ the ranb of the ~~ Wins- U.. the 'YOice of fi!JIU'- ..Who WJthe ea1 tD lte proac:ribed?- aab Tlk ~ ...,lh ten In But "-"'• •OUlea of aJ,..,.. joloo 1a tho l.ahor Pllrt)' f• ed. lllllllicipal o~ ., . . . 60 1 do oat prettmd to deal iD any ahauatiw fu!a· ;oo ,..;u, ~ wh..le broad oubject .of Socialiat prio· d pl,. ud poiM:y," aay, Algerooo Loo Ia Tlk S.. cioJial. We ~ ohat &IMa .r>licJ of .-lor will -D prw..lo tloo a..l Sdooof.·, • , �• The New York C..mtnUlliat The Executive Committee's Statement By M&Xi.miliaa Cohea Tlv·.follou:inl. 1.-uu u•cu Jtnt to ..TM 1\',w York Call"' in otuu rr (o th, /flea! E:rrf'utive Cotnmilt,t'l 1 uJ.·nu ulur h u·o.s puMuhN in that popu. In 1pite of u ., l~h rJ "' thl' /,,,.J,.m ofthr prru. u:hkh lrrl iJ to publi.•h 1ur h lrttnJ aJ Slwplt·n's J,.f,.,ut of 1\olchdlt. "TJ;,. Cnll"r~fu.•~d to pub/Uh thi.J lell.:r, u·hi.rh iJ OMt' ,it/• ojthr rntllfOI 't'fJ~' MOW racing U iJhin lht Soci.DliiJ Panr: E ddegates jcxcrpting threrl. all to ac:t, ho-·ev~. UTI· til uew electio nt. took plo«, The fint Jl'lCt'tine= was p od,;erl by t~~ HiEhll. :Jnd the motion to . ecall toua lo" ),) nine \'Olc:s; atthl' ne:.;t meet in~ thC)' f urceed· rJ in . :co llin,: t11ent t \\ith t.J,~ 11tipulation referred to t~ho ,·e .l. 1 hr~· could h8\'t ela:ted nr ...· oA".ce{e ond d~lrgate- r ifi!hl then, if they "ere ~ mindeJ. &O• thr ch nrE:e that tht'~' ...· outonl~· di~!>Oh·ed the l:.ranch i" pure Lunl.:. They merel y "·anted to make !"ure lhnt the Centra l Commiuee • ·o uld 5CDI their delegates. The RiFhl Wing '\oi' U faced \1\'ith the immediate J o~ ~ of their majority in the Ct'ntrnl Committee. Action , tu.J quick action was necessllTy. Other br:-.~.d:e.: Wt'tt' in the J•rot·es~ of recalling their deleflll t(.'s and det'tinJt Left \rintt'rt in their place.. \\ ith the exception of tht' Finni:.h Branch !counter· re,·ul utio:1a r,· onJ ~oc i u l - patri otic in all their ac· t lons fo r the. pa!'t )'ear nnd o hnlf • , most of the I an· JtUDI;!e bruncht:' '\ol'ere (:Oing to the Leh. I mention the-e fa ct:- to tho'\ol' the dt"~ perate &ituation the His;ht \1; in1 \tORS ft~.cing. What did tht:)' do? Comrade Juliu!o ~r~r f~·hose hea rt '"'' U bleedin~ "'' ith riEiilcuu!lness and wrath I , ia~ued a ~ecret ca ll fo r fin orJ!Dnizativn mct'ting of hi!! tTusted c ro nie,... nn ~l u ruf.:t~. April 2ht, at hi~ ·offict. In his letter l puhli!!hed in full in tht' f'\. CO).Uil,;l'iiST, ~lily ht•. hr 6:1 ) 5 , "Tut1-day C\'enin~; . the Central COmmi tt ~ mteu.. At thi~ meeting lht' du u•i/1 bt: caJI a.~ Jar a.s L ocal ,\ 'r:.ut f ork i.J con· canr:.d," fur1hu on he continues. " ) h a\'e for myfdf. dccidt'd a~ to mr course .and my net ion." At thi!- ftt':(' ret mectiiiJ! this ~ang d-'Cided to pu~h throu ~h Ly hook or b,· c rool.:. the t·onc urrence h tht Cenlru l Cummiuee "'' ith tht nction of :hr E':.;et'utiw Cornmittte: in illeg:ally re-or~anizinf.! the -17th .A. U.. \\' ith mcthCJd<.: that \\ Ould put the Tammnn~· machine to ~hame. TI1e onl~· thinE! ll'cking no"· .....,li official l'anr tion b\· the Central Commit· trr. Tht'n lher coulrl unci imoniou~ly cla im that lhe_entirt acti o~ wa!o lr~o! and binding. That thi!l "''.a!l but U1t: prelude to o H:rit'!' uf "·ho les3lt' 1uch ''re·oqmniwtion_.,'' ~·e '\ol'c:te cr:rtain . • nd I . openly c harj!ed them \\'ith it in the Central Committee, "·hich they dared not refute. h i!' true that the Left Wing delrJ!ale!! had a "steerin~ comrniuee" and \1\e ne,·cr hid tt"oat fact; in fact ,..e open I~· t.lateO f>O, and c,·en Fa,·e J. Phillips onc.l Ger ber copit:" of, our rules. \\'e t:~tered the mutiug at ten :r.inp t6 after flight and found. con· lrur,· to tht: U!oua l C'ustom. ~o~t of the dele~.1tes in "dtf'ir t.eat5 ond thr meetin~ already opened; that mC't'tinJ!s "''ere ne\·er Op-'!nt:d beforr eijtht, fifteen is a wtll -kno ...·n fact \\e were FurpriM:d, but on the \'CJte for chmirman realized t~ at the mectirlc:. w&A p acked anJ ~umethin g '\oi' IU to be jammed thrfJu@h. We "''ert not wronf; in our 1urmi~when immt· dinteh· after Comrade l....ee Llohom out a...s a dele· @Air from the lC..th A. D. lofter ha\'. F been repudi. ated bv hi~o O\\'fl branch), Co mrad Gerhcr called ofT the. credential& of dele~al~ fro the illegally ''re-OrflllnizeJ" I 7th A. D. (' i~ f r all o ver the houfoe for the reading of the crede i a l ~ 'frum the lep:it imale branch caw.ed that \\'Orthy o bow to the 1torrn. H~ read them apolo~etical f a.nd with e:neer'!<. ,TI1errupon, as pre·arranged. Comradt: B«kerman ro~e. W8!1 pa:llt:d the lloor , and mo,·ed that the Central Commiuee concur "·ith ' the action · of th,. ExCC'uth•e Com,mjttee in• "'re-organizing" the DITOR of T~ Call : Ptrmil me to am\1\·er 1t1e f'tntt•ment ill~ucd hr the Executive Com· m illet" o f Lonal ~t""' York, ttnd printl!'d in lo-Jay'". i- ~ ue of Tht' Call, pertaining to the Leh "ir.u rontrovrr~y. In ,-iew of the ,-r:•,·it)' cd tht' C"til'i' prt.~ripitaled by their illr-;:~ 1 oct!'", and in ,-jew of their !tnlemen~ ""·hich is nnlhin" more than 11. ti ~~ ue of lies conr.O('U'd lo r th/purpo~t> of foolinF the memhcr· ""'P B!' to t.hf' owtuul !!itu.Jtion. I feel thot you '\ol'ill ~fair enou;:h to ~'Tdnt me SJtHce in '\ol· h= ~h to rC'ply. In thr ftr~t ploce, tlte Eu·ruth·e Commiltee i!o oh· ,.olut cl\· \ottlwut om· authCJril\' to re-oqi!nnite any hram·h~!> in :\r.,.· Yu'rk. unt il ti.C' refertndum i~J>ued b,· the State Committee h3s lx-en p a~d. and then t.ht'~ not only htwe thnt riEhl but a i!O lite ri~ht to aut um~ t iull> expel them. rrhy then docs thr E:xerutu ·~ Cnmmillt'f' procad 10 drpril·r Bro'lchrs o/ tl~ rij:hs to t•ott' em thU rrjtr~11dum by "r~·or~ani;. i.n;!" them nou·.:. , Titeir t'ln h · !oemLI:m("e o f an excus-e for thtir "'·ho le,.ale ··r~·OrEanizotion~·· i!i that o~"the la!!t Cen· tr~l Comm ill~ mt"C'tinJ!. Comrade l\orlin, "'·ho wa!nut t·hairm:w, mo, cd that. "'hen the Central Com· mittte ad j ou rn ~ . it mljourn f-Uhject to call by the [),f"'(' Uit\f' Cl,.mrnillet", :'Uld th :.~ t the Exo·utin: Com· nullt-e II(' t'nllJO'I<ot' rt·d a nd in!-tructed to re-or~ u nize Loca l \e•,, Ymk nnd J•Ut it on o \o'orl..ing hac.i:.. Thi:- motirm "' II!' uJupt~d,'' Thil U a Jelibcralt' lie. !\o 5Ut h motion wa~ e\·e , put much le-,: carried , for CJnt re:~ ~tm. tht> mer1111~ had bern adjo urned b,· the {·lt:airman: ,.et·uuJh·. thf' ronm '\oi'BS in an in· d~r ihal,lr iurmui l t.\ ith ' a police-c:.ptain dri\'ing th ~ df'lt:!f:.Jte-< o ut. Wh:H really occurred ond thi:t "'· ill l, C'O rruborattd lJ,· mo~l of the unLiased mem· lx-t!- und dd('f!ales p;t~enl. to\ ""· that during the h~ iJ!hl CJf Ute ronfu~i u n CCJmradr .Karlin, afttr con· su:tation "ith the J!Toup aruund him , !iUddt'nly or o~ and C'Up ) oill E! ' hi~ hand!' over his mouth ~lm ul · etl al.ltHt' t11e di n. thnt thrre \\ ou l•! :..C no further mectin~ of the C...:entul Commiltet- until the E,ocuti\'e (CJtnmiti~ ·d t'cided to coli for f>Dme. We no· tirt"d the reco rJiuF ~rd4t)' writing fa.iri o u~ ly at thi ~ time and pred iC'ted a mon~ our~h·es that they "''o uld daim that thi.c motion "a ~ pas. ·.ed. . As a mut· ler of fa ct it "·as a phy~ it';~l impo!l~ibility fo r any one eithrt to put a mutiun or htw e the vute counted. FiJ!ht~ "·ere J!Oing on !-im ultaneou~ ly all 0\'U thf' ha ll. Members and ,J,. ),.r,=.~tt~ min~ded indiM·rim· inoteh·. \ ui~ ""' rrt !-houtint:. hi ~~et and r:pithr1.,, a.nd thn h::ne the nudac it\· to d a im tltot !'Uch a motion " . ·, pa.!t......ed nt this ti~e~ \\11\·, in their !i.heet, Tht. Sut'UJ!t.O!, they '\ol't'nt (urthel a·nd purported to gi\'e the eud' \ 'Ole by ~·hi ch thi11 moti ~n WM pn~JOt"d- 7 1 to :\6 are tht' ilgur~ ~i,·en. TJ{U th~n is 1hdr btuU for lhr "Rr-<Jr,;nni;ation" m~thrxls . I l e.1 u~ it to the comrades to jud~e the meritf of thrir en~. ln their N..atement th~y @'ive an account of the rupture tn the 1lth A. D.. f:ho ...·h,5Z: ho•• it led up t,o the ftllibucter at the ltl!'t Central Committee mcd· infi!. At ide from mi!>!t:ltin(t the facts, di,.torting 171h A. D:_,.Granted the Anor next , I mo\'ed an amendmtnt other!>. anc.l omittin~ imponant nne5, it is a fflirly accur.1te arrount. The Eu:cuth·e Commillee doe- that a ccimminee of et'\'tn be appointed from thit not stale '\olh,· a branch C'ould not withdraw and body, three fro m the Right. three from the Leh and elect offic-e~ 4nd dele~.,te:; the a.ame ni~ht , althon~;th an imparti11l C"hamnan ' ~oelected una.nimousl)', • ·ho 1hrre i5 nothing in the by-la\1\'!t prohibit in~ &uch ac- ,.hould in~·t:s~fllllr tin: .....~e uf the 17th -A. D. and tion. The b~· - la~·t on I~· re late to, the annual nomin· . rept..•rt back to the Central Committ ar ttle nes:t meet· inF, This amendment, eminently fair and just, wa"' at ions and elections. In m:allin~ delt;gates..and of ficen. the clau1e lAys nothinp: about such proce- defeated. Later on, • ·hen I appealed to the dele· dure. A.s a tn41ter of ,facl 1hi.J fuu bun ~~ gat~ to hellr a committee of three bearing C'redeo· tials 1iFfled by 96 member"' of tht 17th A. D., my .•Lc!d appeal wa.!l again lost. . Did n.ot 1hU rrotoe llwll 1M an overYt·helming majority in the branch and Rithl ll'i.n~o uu ouJ for iU pound. o fle.sh? · they prOCf!"'"!ded to uP-e their h:g;,inute power ~ So much for en:nta. Now let ·WI analne their reca ll tho~ pel! of the RiPtt ·V::intt Machine, Wald- theoretical voaition, via..: .. Do not be deceived. man. Lee and Block, and elected three Left Win~• The question at iuue i- not a:rcrely one of miains in their pl.ce, the Cc~tfal Committ~ refu!!ed ·to our part(• platform or iU &actica. DiHereoces of .eat the' new del~atea bn the poundt that a ape- opinion on theac matten are alway• in order. The cia! Infttintt ~chould ha~ bern called, nomination• constitution and by-lawa of the part~ give ample rna'de. thm and e iKtiont at the ~s:t mOeting. The opportunity for diteuaaing ·such question& and ~ left Wing in the &h A. D.. 1.ure of their majority. cidin,r: them Loy the will of the majority. Your eomp1ied "'ith the unfair ruling. and at a aub~ [J.ecutive Commiuoe hu oeilher the ri!Jhl nor the quent mertiu@'. havintt duly notified the mc.mben of desire to interfere in .ucb m.auen. On the con· U,e bran<'h. recalled the o ld delc~ta\.el and nomin· trary, it i.a •trh·ins to mainLain the oonn.al condiatcd new OMIL Electiona we.re held at the follow- tions for free aud '.!Air di.cunioo and decition." . i.np: rM'II:ting. Thil GUO\.alion b hom. their . .umc:ot in to-d.lly•a r\o"'·· thin. the 17th A. D., rcalilins ttint if they CoJI. It a.oundt. plausible. To the uninitiated it rtJCalled and l'lectcd delego.tea on the ume meetinS may evm M!lltJJl eruincnlly fair. But ia it ? Let W nittht tht~· ~ould he! ubjectto thuamc treatmeoL,and f 1.ather real i.z..int: thai 1hei.r oormal majority would Any aaoe Socialill knuwa lha.t the organi..ution of be •ure to be c\imhi11.W by the colonWng of their the Left ,...,..ill! wu due lo tLe iDertia and actual oppoDCDU, clodo.d to ,.,...11 aU their ..ticen aud hi~ by the olciale of •-..ry -.pi of the · r. ec~::r: ~~~~~;ar:: t~eut e;;,h~.th~ "~~a ..... rank and file to es:preu itaelf ever aiDCt" the SL Lou ;,. Ht!~oo l••tion • •u adopted Ly the rank and 6le.. Permit me to enumt'ratf' them chronological ly: ( 1 ) . Tiu~ Mt·yer Londou re-nomination. I 21 n,e Social· i!-1 AldcrmHn ond the Third Libert)" Loan. 131 lbe Sot·iali!it Aldt:rmen and the Fo urth libt'rtY Loa.n. (41 11t~ Socia li~t Aldermt:n anJ the Vict~n· Arch appropriation. To Nt)' nothin[! of e\1~' atte~pt to cou~olidate the )U(:a l" of Greater i\~e· Yo rk being blocked by thf' officialdom. To 6-!Y oth ing of U1e r~ntmrnt of the r ank and file a, ' Mt the h'. r. Coli's a ltitude towo rd~ the Bohheviki in Hw.~ia and the S pa rtac nn"' in GermiUly, \\'hich again was cru! hcd b\· the officiAldom, without redrCM by the meml>en because the Call it not porly ou·n.ed or conlrolkd. Th~ '\ol'eii·L:no"·n incidtnts £ h ·e U1e lie diu ct to their rl11irn tl1at the reg ular party c h11.Mel s are open. S limily and hrpocriticMII )· they prate of petty pla tforrru. and tur· ics nut being the mail,l iuut:; @"iv· ing the impre&.!oion that they are in fa,·or of a radica l re ,·i"io n alon~ Ute lineli laid do• ·n in the Left Wing Prol:!ram. H ert', we mu!"l call Comrade Gerber Md Comrnde Waldman to tt5tify. Comrade ~rl,er in hi ~ ktter to his cronies, for that P«ret mt't!linll' In-fore the Centn l Committee meeting of April 22nd, let:J the C'&t out of tht' bag; he 6<1)'1: "U 'hile lhe cotiirol of the portr by lhcs~ irrt:sporul· bl~ ptoplt u·ill mak t:...c pml)· Gil owlau· ortzan· i..:o1Um, and break up lht organi:.arior!' And yet \o'h rit "''ou ld the-e "irresponsible people" do ? Mt-re ly can }' out the letter and 15pirit !lf the Mani· ~~~t h~~ ~!a~~~~n ~~~~. ~: ~~~rt;·~bj~ o~~~~~ \'i~ion of porty polid~ and tactic&? The follo w· ing. deJi,·ertd at a fJ.eec h in thc_Broni and reprint· ed in the current i11~ue of the SocUJlisl, the offK:iall CJrj::An or the Hi~ht WinJ! : " Industry must be under co llt"f'ti,·e o"'·ner!-hir. If 3n indu!ltry i5 municipal· wide the municipa ity i~ the collocti\·it)' " 'hich i11 Fo ing to be posbe5sed of the ownenbip of ·that iD· du:-tr;·. H ~ n indu5tf)' is 5lnte·wide, in ita natlll"'C, · the etate i5 go ing to Le pouosed o f tha t fndu:rtry. If a n inJu ~tn· is nationa l in il!l c haracter, fiuch as railroad. "'·aier-way&• .coal-minn. telegrjph and telephones. the nation "'· ill O'\oi' D it."' This i! tlre kind of Socialism advocated by the RiJ!hl Wing. They talk abcut re,·ising p artr policie5 and tactics quilc ~libly, but only • ·ith t.he intent ion of 1ide·tracking the re•oolutidnary M:ntimtnt of the ra nk a nd file who a.re clamoring ff'r a thorouf!:h·,.:oing change on the basis la.id down by the Left \\'ing ~bn ife!lo and Progra.m. They do not wish to re\'ise the party's policies and tactics i£ they can help it: certainly they are Dot for the abolition of Focial rdorm plank!; they are not for repudiating the Second International. thc·y are not fqr affiliatin, " ·ith t11e Third International, called bv the Communist Party of Ru54ia (BolabeTi.ki) . They ere not for ~ing revolutionary indu.strial The · unionism, e part of ib general propagand.L quotation from Waldman'• epeech diltinct.ly lt.litm ,.·hat their CCJnceptioo of Socialiam i!l: nothing more or les.s LhM St.ate Socialiem in its most Ptt· nic iou ~ form5. They believe in prescn-intt the capi· tali1t state and utilizing it for the inauguration of Socialism. · They are oppoeed to the "dictotonhip of the proletariat.. u a principle and violent!)' oppof.'!d to it as the tactic of the rc\•o lution. They orr I~ uocJ cou"lrr·pariJ of I~ Ebe,·Sch.cidemonn moduau Socioli.Ju of Germany. Bourgeuis parliamentariam ~ their mearu and State Sociali!lm ia thetr ~oal. ComroJr:,! The Left Wing organiution ia the or~anizatioo of the rank and 6le.. . lt ie your an· ••·er to the politician!, the ofDciale, the traiton and the bel(aye-n in our party, who ltooCek to :naint.ain them.!etves and their clique in control, deapit.c the fact that the me:mbenhip damon (or oew policiea, oew tactic&, new apokeamen. Now a word u to the heinous crime of havins,.an ..orsaniution within an orsaniution." 1De Ri~t Win~ claim that the rank and 6~e hnr no coD· trol of auch aD orpni.ution. 'Our GILIIOe'T U tlwJJ tAe nusJc,GNl fi.Jc Jt,o~ conlrol, bul eM tnacb.W ~!,.,.. ricNuu luaw: n.ot. 'Th.a.l it why they are opJ)OM!d to it .a bitterly. But let w put the q ueatioo t.bia way. Han t.he rank and 61e an opportunity ol ooDtroiJ. ioB "'organlutiont oU,t.ide o£ the OQ!&n~"' ..::h u the N. Y. CGII and the: Rand School ? We .ccuae them of bavins or~anised ..orguiiu.tioDS outaide of the orgaai.ution ', which are moat: humful to the Socialist movcmeaL We ac:cuae the Richt 'Wing of controlling tbem tmd a!IC.iof: to it th~i the rang and 6le hue no aay iD their manap nw:nt, pwuer.hip or control. Ia, the ..,.eel card" per It: an open IC:baiDe to thOM! o utaide ot f!:ani.u.tiona? · The char!Je hat been made in the oflicial .Or@a.D of lhe Right \\'in4, ..The SocUJIUt", thai. the Left Wing U. the only org~i.utJon wbae the ~ c.arcf i• not honor-rd. That 1.1 not true. 1Do fact • tha& 'fbo Call Aoooc:ialioD aud the R.ucl Sdioo~ clai.- �') I j The New York Communl.ot An Outline of the Communist International· Adopted by the Congress of the Communist International in Moacow [Mardi 1-6, 1919~ ( Ul ' the peuy bourgeo is ie of the cities will be heed hom ""f"'HE brea.kd o""·n of the capiuliatic order and the eronomic bond age to u~ uriou& cap11a1 anrl land· 1 di.Hupti on of c apit a li~>tic ind u!.tri a l diie ipline lord i~m. and fro m tb.X lmrdenli lcspcciall)· Ly an · malt'& im••O~!oibl e the reurtz nnil.ation of pro· nulmenl of the n:ttional debt 1, d e. ductio n on a ca p it..al ihtiC' ba~ i f. ~ a~ \ll'affl of the The task o f the Pro letarian Dict.atonhip in thetoourkingmen-e"rt'n "'·hen •UC£~ fl ful--do not bring ec onomic f1eld can onl \' be fulfilled 'to the extent the Mt it- ipated ~tt~rment of cond iti one of living; th.at the proletariat is e~11bled to create centraliud U1e worL.en C IUl onlv become emancipated ""·hen or,om of m a na~menl and to i.n!lti\\jte "''orken' pr oductio n ie 11ro Jon Fer co ni ro ll~ b~· the boor- coutrol. To U1i s end it mu st m.d:e U."e of ib mue Fl"Oi,ie Lut by the pr ro let ari at: In <•rde1 to raise or~n nization !l which dre in cl u!\Ct reintion I<' the tJ, e 5landards of pr odur:tivit y, in order to cn n h the pruce!s nf produc tion. In the field of dirtrihution oppo!! it ion on the part o f the bour geoi sie ( which t.he Prolet11rian Dictatorship muft re-e.u.blisb com· ~:. nl ~- pru lon;s the death •tru ~~ l e of \he old rejZ ime mercr by an accurate di str iLuti on of produ•·tt ; to and thereby i m· i t ~ d:~n ger uf total ruin ), th e Pro· whir h Mid the fullo""·ins methoW are to he cona idletor ian Dictntor!o hip rnu s-1 c nrr~· out the upr opria· ered ; the 50C ializ.ati un of "''l. oles.ale e:c.t.abli !' hmn~ll, tion, o nl~ d el a ~· thf' procr:-~ of di!'i nt epa tJon and the taking O\'er of all bouq::eo i!l St.ate and munici· C'on,·erl the me.u m of producti on and d i!!lr ibutiun p al a p}Jaralu!' of di ~tr i but io n ; conLro l of thr ~eat irit o th e co mm on JH OIK'rt )' of I he proletdr ia o State. CO·Opauli\·e ~ooci et il!'!l. ""hir h o r ~a niutionA will •till C:ummunJ SRI iii no""· bf:inF bo rn out of the rui ns hne on im portant role in the pr oJuc tion~poch ; tl1e of CG pit oli !l m- there i!l no other t.n lvnti on for hu · grodu .l l ccntral i.zotion of 811 the,.e organs and thei:man i t~· - The opp ortunists "''" '• are rnalinF ut opi an co n,·euio n int o a syftenunic unit y for the rationa l d ~ ru amb for th e reco nstruction o£ th~ economic di stribution of produclb. ~"~ Y!i tern of Co pita li 11 m, so n• to po!itponc 50C' inliza . Ali in the 6tld of productifl n. ao alto in the field ti on, onl y del a ~· the proceAs of dit int eerati on and of di ~t ribut io n all qua lified technicians and fJ)OCialin c r eft~ the dan,er of tot.al demoliti on. The com· h·L" are to he made u~oe or. pro,·ided their politiCAl muni ~t re,·oluti on, on the other hand . i~ the besa. r ~i !ltan~ i!i brul..en and the~· are ' till eRr Ahl e of the u ul~ meam b ~- ""·hich t.he m ost important .ociol ada ptmg them ~ h}~-c . not to the servi,... \lf c • .., iul, p 1, ~ e r of producti on- th e prolrtarin!---<:An be ) but to the ne""' !' ~'fl t tm of production. far fr om op· ...avr d . and """ith it eoc iet y iuclL I pres... ing th r m the pro letar iat will make it pou ible The Dictatonhip uf the Pr o let~~;riat d ~ not in for th e first time for t.hem to de,·elop inten'i ,·e crea· an~· war ca ll for partiti on of the means of produc· iive "'·ork. The Pro letnriun Dict.at on •.hip, " "ith thtir l io n and exchange; r ather , on th e co ntrary. iu a im co-operati Cin. will retrie,·e the r.rpaution of phyai· i!i further to ceutrnliu lhe (n rc~ of produr tion and ca l and ment.al work which Capitalitim has dC\·el · t o eubj ect oil o f pr od•1cti on to a &~"ti temati c pl an. oped . .:md thu s ""ill Science an"d Labor Le unified . As U. e fint t' tep l"-;--'!l()("ializ.a ti on or tilt' great banks BesidM. eJ:propriatinJ: the f a ct o ri e~. mines. C!tatei, ""·hich no""· C'ontrol production ; the takin@: m•er by n c., the pro letari at mu ,.t al so abo li ~ h the expl oitath e po"-·er of !he proletari11t o £ all ~ o ,·ernment · . tion of the pN ple L~- c np i tali ~ t ic landl ord ... tram.£er· controlled ocono mic util ities ; the traf'l ~ (err i ng nf all the large mans ions. to t.he local workeu' counciis, communal enterpriK"s. ; the ~iali z ing of the sy ndi · and move _t.he "" orlinjl people into the bour~eo~i ca ted and trul.tifi ..d unit~ of production, u well u d"'·ellin@Jo. Durine; th i1 e;reat tran! ition period t11e power of all other brailcht:S of produr.t ion in " ·hich the de~oe" of concentrat ion and ccmnlizati on of capiul the co uncils ruu!it con!lantl y t,uiJd up the entire m<ike! thi t techn icallr practica ble ; the sociatb ; n ~ adminiHrati,·e o r~ anizati o n into i more centralu..e-i o ( apicuhural est a t~ and their com·enion into 11rur tu.re. but on the other hand co a ~ tantly draw co -opcrati\'to: estahli.chmenll. C'\"CT . in crel\!' in~ elemenu of the "'·or king people into .A!! far at thr amaller enterprises are concerned, the immediate clontrol of ~;o,·emment. tl1 ~ pro letariat rnu!lt gradually unite them. accord · The re,•oluti o nar~· era compelA ~e pro_lelfrliit to in ~ to the d~no of their importance. It mu st be: make u~ of the mean1 ~.>f battle wh1ch "'"Ill cu_ootn · pa rticularl y emplua!ized th~t 1mall prope:rtieta " 'ill trate il! entire e ntr~~. narurl~- . mat! action, with in no way be e1propriated and that property owu- it s lo~ti c al resu it.unt , direct conflict with U1e go,·ern· en. ""·hu are not explo;.en; of labOr "'"ill not be mental ma.chint'r~· in open combat. All other mcth· forcibly di ! pOiof;eS~W:d. This element "'·ill gradually ods, ~ uch a!l re,·olutionary ute: of hour~~ ~ pari&.be drawn into tl1e socialiatic or~aniz.ation through mmurism. "'·ill be of onl y ICICondary &1gn1ficance. the force: of example, through pu.ctical demonslra· The indis~nnble condition for suooeaefuiiUUg· tion of the auperiority of the new order of thing'~. .gle i~ .cparatioo not onl y from the direct ICTViton and the rrgulation by which the &IIUIII farmer• and of C.pitali&m and eoemiet of the communist rcvo- Clearing the Decka ( CoatiAJaol '""" ,_.. 1J two. gentlemen , and who during a revolutionary ~iod would inevitabl y act in thr same " 'ay as bu d isgraced the name of Sociali.Jm in Germany? If not, docs he expa:t the Spartacana to meet with t!.e . ::~:~· s.:t~r~-. ?occ~~r~d: o:n:::; reforma, tuch u l'>'ere ad•ocated in tbe Coogra.sional platform for 1918--which Comrade Hill· quit must mean when he Apeili of the Party duriJl« the War u a "vi1ion of progra&."' erpear• CHilCquit lt that the failure of puce. the !OYernmenu pe.necutioo and repreuion, the obtcurant· nbne of these queeions, ·he di"mi.JSC!I the question ism of the capitaliil press, ten-orUm. unemploy · of the Third International in • glowing generality! ment Md intenaified eJ:ploitation "'·ill 10on awaken What. according to Comrade Hillqun, u the func- the American workers. Then will come the op}JUr· tioo or the American Socialist Party in the imme· tunity of. the Socialist Pa,.y to convert th~ to Sodiate future ? The United Slates emer~ from the ciali 1 m-whatever that i., for Comrade Hillquit War the atroo~t capitalist country in the world; c!oean't a.a y. Hut in order to prepare for this, we our '' liberal'' adrninietration h~ \become reaction· mu..' t concentrate on propaganda and organlution arj : the "progrest ive" element irt politics and 110· -"propap,anda throu@:h all method. available, in · -cial re£onn hu collapted li.ke a boutc of ca.rch. The . eluding- politi cal calnpaigns and lngislative for ., only \'oice of protetl and the only vi eion of pros· ums." Thia i• the Left Wins position ; tlili ia tho: J"eY " hne co~ from the Sociali5t Party and • · Left Wing'• idea of political actioo-for the pur· nt;ligible poup of induttrial work.us and radical poee of pt·op~d.a. and for no other J""eMOD, individ~al&.~ . , 'J1w.l tmpheallon u. that . . . _JJut propasanda for what? Comrade Hillquit thrt ~1ah!lt P~y 15 to hu pointed out that there are two theoric. atru1· take the place of th1s. bankrupt ~~~~t, to con· glinr for conLrol in the Social itt ~novemeot-that of tin~ u it hu been lD the put. a •oace of ~t'f)o. the dtctatonhip of the proletariat and " that of at "' and a "ritioo of pro~"· Proee.t a~an~at ; ..Marins so..emmcotal power .Dd ,:_pomibilitiea what? Why apm.t.. the " fall~. or the eapltalut ,. with the capitalist cl .... . . dllfin« the period 80Yernment to ~ • ~ocr at~ _-to p~ tbe or trataaitioo".' Jt iJ .11 '"'" weiJ 10 plead for A working.eiAifl apmst _1ttoelf. V~1on of w~at. ~ "Larmu .. iow pl• 11 oi .a.ioD"-but what ahall it an in6.nlt.e M:Cumulallon of petd bour!COA.I .aci.al be? Comrade Hillquit doet DOl: tell •; baa he ili.nll that we shall em.br.ee Lbe MCOnd "o f tft.e two ing Lobe SociaJiat i.mlitutiona. are two pt.a.c. where plana of action, and be propoea to reed out of the Soc:Wiot Pany all th ... wbo ~ wU.b him. the rod ca.rd ia not booorocl In riew of the fJICtl enu..merated. in rit7w of the In ita panic:Wu application lo tbe p . - · dellbera\e d»tortiona and lie. publiabed i'lf the f.x. · tion within lhe Parry the documad ia • bluU& ecuth·e Cotn..aliuec'• ltatcmcnt, the memben of tbe 0 .. Socialia1 Party 1hould demand the recall or. lhe Exccuth·e Committ.oe, the rCIIipation of t~e Eucu· haa been unity,.now Comrade Hillquit wa.uu • tplitJ ti'f'e Secretary and \"Ote, .. !"io:· on the St.a\.e Commit· U•"h y? After = ~:tths of asilation the Wt Wint; b.uJ tee's refnendum for the upulaioa o{ Left Win1 broken doWJI the oppotilioo and ~ iD ha•·· ~~~=~o ~ ~iife:.~ J:~ ~ ~i~~ ~~'7en':f '-J.a..dbraDClaeL Loa a ni......dum IMa> OD tbe - i t t !« a No· lution, in which role the Social Democrau of tt. · Right appear, but aiAO from the Party of the Cerdre (Kaub kian •) ,wh o deterttbeproletariat al tbecriii. cal mon~nt in orda to come to term.. wi1b i~ qpeD a.ntagonaM.a. On the other hand. there are ee.aitiaJ. dement. of the proletariat, heretofore bot wifhiD -the Snc,ali•t Pari)', ~-ho stand aow completely aDd absolutel y on ·the platform of the Dietal.onb.ip ol. ~Pro letariat in the form of Soviet rule; for euza. pie~ the conespondiog elemenll among the Srzadi,. al~.tt.J . , · TIM- growth of the rn•olutionary m'OYCIDeDl in aD Jandt, the dantter o! suppreuioo of thil revolutioa thro:.:ih the coalition of c:o;..itali.tic State~~, the at· tempt ,_ of che Soc iali!lt Uctrayen to unite with ODe another (the fom1ation of the Yellow "'lnteraar.ioo-al'' at Berne l. and to give their .cn·ioes to the WiJ. IK)nian Lcaguc:s finally , the a..b.Oiute necc.ity for ()C). ordination of prolet.arian actioo,-.alllhe.c dea:W:.d l.he fonru~•ion of a real revolutionary and -real proletvian Co mmuni&t lntttnati onal. ~ h.terua. tion a!, which ~ubordioates ~ ao-c:alled IW.ioa.al interest' to the intuc.ta of the intematio~l reTolD· tion, ""'ill peraonify' the mutual help of the prot. t.ariat of the different countries, (or without ccono• ic :::::! other ..r. ~ :-: hcipfulneM the proletariat Will not be able to orr;anize the new IOCiety, On the othrr hand, in contrast with the Ye}low lal.a'Da· tiona) of the aocial -pat.rioll , lhe Prold&rian ca• . muoisl Internat ional " 'ill aupport the p!undcntd coloni al l)fflJ.Ies in their fight agaimt lmperiaJ..i.m. in order lu hulen the 6n.aT collapee of tbil impe. iaiUtit'world tyl'lt!m. · • · . The eapiu.linic criminala uaerted at the~ n ing of the """orld war that it wu only i.D defeoee or the cornmoo Fat11efland. But 100o Gcrm.an Imps-· ialU_m s;:evuled iu real bri,;and c:har.::ter by ill bloody deed!! in Hus.si• . in the lbi.in(' and Finlazul. i'\o""· the F.ntente slates unm.uk thema,el•e~~ u world det:r oilera and murderen of lhF proletariaL Tolether with the German bourpoi1ie and IOciaJ.~ ri ots, " ·ith bn,ocritical phrucs about puce oa their lips. they are trying to throttle the U.C'Ila· lion of the European prolet.arU.t by me&a~ of their "'"at mllt:hiner:-• and stupid barbaric colooial 80} • d iery. lnde.cribable i.J the White Terror or tbe bourgeois eannibala. Jnealculable are the MCI'i· 6ces of the " 'orking clue. Their bett-L.iebbecbi. Rou LuJ:emburg-hne thq· loll. Against thi. tb. proletariat must defend iLtelf, de!cud at any price. The Communilllnterp.ation.al all. the whole worlcl prolet.&.riat to thi• fioallltJ"u.Uie. . own u:Wa &k imptriiJUJit: co_rupiraey of ¥ L.~~~ /Ci~.~,_f.'nMrniJiioul Re1ublic oJ &k Pro. ._P.' foUO• - · .-.-w.~ tional Emerrency Connnti,n. 1)1e preeeat att.itude of the rank and file fortiC&JIU that web a coonmtioa will be another SL Louu, and Comrade lliUquit and ...the other "leaden" doubt wbethar they cc weather anoll1er storm. The only ~ Wt Y to split the Party belore the COD9'C!IItioa. Thil u·~~dly what Loeal New York ia doiztc,. Thir. ia why the "reorganlutioo~ of br&Debee soon apace. Di1francbi.e: the ~olutionary aectioD of the mf'mbenbip, expel ita orpol<esm,eu az>d tbe Party is Nfe for the o15cial junta! Tbe Parry'· of. · 6cialdom h.a found that it i.a unable td KJCOmpliah thi;t purpOK in time to s.ave the Nati on.al Executne CoiJUIUu.., hence the "leaden" call for a opliL But we refUJt to 1pUt the Party. that is DOt oar purpo!<O. v; e -·ill capture the Par1y ~ il tbe Ri~t Wing w'anll to split, il mu..t do the -Plitti.oi. it r.lUsl break away from the Pany. The r8.111k ucl 61e is behind our position, Milt ore 1M P.ny, aad wbm 1fe time comet for clouios the ~ ..., will baadle the mop. , . . · . LEFT WING MEMBER- ' SlllP MEETIN'G -0/t- . SUNDAY, MAY 25th, at I P. Jl. - JT- MANHATTAN LYCEUM 66 EAST 4da STREET • 11E11' YOn OTT TO ELECT AND INSTRUCT DELEGATES TO NATIONAL LErT PING CONFERENCL . �8 The Pink Terror V. The Abortive Massacre of the 3d-5th and I Oth A. D. T HEil£ hod been ru1~ou that tl1e Pink Dictator of Local New York wa.s manholling hi!! :ohorts for u descent upon the 3d, 5th and 10th A. D. The assault was delayed,· how- ever, uutil there was 11 reasonable certaint)' of the absence of J im Larkin and the Irish contingent, who, not being ver y well versed in parliamentary low, might wfwlly misunder lamJ the rroceediogs; ond imagining that someth ing illegn was going on, m ight impuls i\'ely \'Ol e agains t it in their nn· t ionnlist ic way. The op Jwrtunit y orri\·cJ . h was !corned by Gerber's spies that 011 Monday. May 12th. there woul(j he n memorial meeting to J a me.... Connoll[ ul Br)'n nt Hall , whic:l1 the Irish Comrndc5 woulc nt- tcnJ. 011 l\lny .IJ)th, thcn:Lore, u cl10scn few members of the ;j,f, ~th und lOth recei\·ed the c ustomnry hillct-doux fro m Gerbe r , so fa milia r to a ll the fnit!.rul, At the 11/lf!Oinlt:d time on ~lonJu y C\'cning, M n)' 12th, 11 lin I! g roup of Cornm des. with potlc hti! de· termincd fncea. left the hcndltUnrlcrs of the Bra nch ant! proccefletl down Broudwny. l'' ast the grcnt Victor )' Ardt ut Fifth Ave nue nnd 26th Street , with l'~1 Urrtllt ll'ik" I!CII Ij;turmf O il its hide, we ut the bra\·c lillie La ntl, thrill ing with im·c n cd pride to think thnt this grcnl mornurre ut to the invnsiou o f Hussin had been crcctctl wit h m o nC)' voted h)' Socia list nl· den ncn. 7\1tl . 7 Wc.- t 2 1st Street wns u low, evil -looking building: upon the step.; lounged hnlf n tlozcn p lug· ug li e~. who g lnwcrccl upun our Comrudcs ns they p m,se11. The IJIIilding wu.\0 the lu:rn lquurtc rs of Clmtk nnd S uit Cutlers' Union No. 10. As fnr ns coultl lu: dcterrniru:cl, mMt o f the Union mcnihers aecmcd to be ha ng ing 11romHI the corridors. U p~~ t nln:. In n low, e \·il·looking room snt Chnrle )' Gros lll ll ll 111 a tnhle. He looked up in s urprise us the comrades e ntered ; evidentl y tht:Y hnd nrri\'etl earlier thnu wns expected ; for hn\•ing looked m•cr the ngKrcgntion , C roo;smnn wmrl to the door nnd shouted do\otl'll·stnirs, "Wlrat's the ma tter with you fell ows? Didn't I say not to let a n)'bOd )' in wilh· for order and propo~d th at, since 1he ExOCuti,·e out a lcucr ?" Conunillee refused to ca ll the meeting , the Branch A &enfi-cornmde b)' the nume of Fuchs then ·declare itself in session. Comrade BrnhJy was cloccd cha irman, ond Comp laced himself at the door . When asked if he we re n member o f he ;id, "5th and lOth, as spooified in the r ade Coles secretnry. Comrade Heed then proposed letter, he said defiant! )' tha t he was not, but would as the orJ er of business tha t the delegates of the Executive Committee present be 11~ked to state the ir come in 1( he JJieascd. C r ossma n asked tire Comr;~ des to wa lk up to his reasons for s ummoning th is meet ing. Beckerma n re p lied tha t until the registration was la ble und nnswer a few questions. "'Do )' OU believe in a n organiza tion "" ithin a n or· completed, the delegates of the Executi\'C Commit· Ice refused to mukc i'UI)' !'tal~menl. C.ornmtfe ll~d gnnizution ?" he asked. Oue inuoccnt Comrnde r esponded firml)', "'No. I then pro posed thnt, pro ,•idcd the re~; i stra ti on take think The Call should be contro lled b)' the Pa rty!" plncc in the room, the met:ting be sus llendetl unt il it Grossma n imrnediutcl)' noted on h is list " Me mbe r was comple ted. Whereupon Becke rman nnnouuccd of the Left Wing.'' Upon l1is demand to the Corn· thnt he had cha nged hi ~ mind, a nd that the n.--gis· nulcs to g in! up their cards , o nl )· one Comrnde !rat ion woultl be cn rricd on in nnothcr room. and complied arul ~he de numdetL it back shortly after · the meeting would be culled whe n he fe h like it. Comrade Hralal)· was elected c hairman, and Comwa rd. 1\t the e nd, of thl! e\'Cn iug G ro~s ma n 's list contirined a bout thirl y names, with the monotonous forma ll y dema nd from the Execut.i\'e Cummith:e cornmcnl nfler all lmtt wo. " HI!fUSCi! to gi\'C UJJ card. de legntes the ir purpo:-c iu ca ll ing the mcctiuJ;:. a nd if 1hcr refused l o ::t;rlc it , tha t the meeting ;rdjourn Hcfu:Ocs to a nswer que::tions. 1.. W." Comrade Urnhdr ke pt ath·ising 1hc ComradC!i in unti l the regu lnr Br:mch meeting on ,\Vedncsd:sy, a loud voice to J'll)' no attention to G rossman. This l\hry Hth. T hi:: mot ion was \'Otcd on hy roll -c:~ ll,. · finrt ll y irria tccl C rossma n to such u degree thnt twe nl)'•:.even. l,e ing in fa_\·or 11nd th ree rigai ll!l. In the na me of the Bra nch. therefore. Comrade uftcr orde ring Dra ll(ly to lea\'C 1hc room. he fin a ll y sun•moncd Fuclr!i, a nd sa id loudl v. '"Run clown· {Jfnlrdy rornrtt ll y ...tlcmnn dcd from lleckc rm.ln tllat stairs to the C loak C utters and brir;g somebody UJl he ::la te the IHITJtOsc o f the E ~w·· u t i\·c Committee here to clear this room o f peop le we don' t want in ca ~lin g the meeting: Dccke rmnn fl utl y refu :ocd. here! '' The Chai r the u a nnounced tha t s ince th<'re Wili' no In 11 fe w mome nts a proce:;sion of s inister -looking bus ine:ss before the meeting. it ::huu J,I da ud mlindi vidunls with cau litlower cttrs fi led in. Qucs· journell. \~reupo n the Comrades !crt the ha ll. TJu! nic rccnnrics o f the Exccut i\'e Committee, tioncd as to whether the \' were members o f the Sth and l Oth. the)' C\•nsh;e ly said that they belonged having fa iled in their " rcorgnn ization" sche me, de· to the )>arty. Shortly afte rwa rd Bcckermnn nnd !ermined tlmt a more Cil rcful choice of Comrntles P otte r a ppeared, fo llowed b)' the strong-arm must be mndc for the next meeting. Accortlingl)' sqund from the 6th A. D. Brnnch. 1\ sked when the lette rs were again sent out. a nd this time t wo :111d n meeting wou ld begin, Bcckermnn stnted that it half Comrntlcs gathered in the sn fe prcciucts of the woulc,l begin '~· h en the Executi ve Commith..'C de le· Hand School on F'ridny C\'ening . ~ l ny 16th. To date the proct:cdiugs ha\·e not been divu lged. gntcs decided to begin it. The r'necting hn\'ing been called for 8. 15 P. M., Dut we understa nd that the 3d, 5th nnd lOth A. 0. nud there being evidently no inte nt ion on the pa rt Bra nc h h:as been bloodlessly " rcorgmri7.cd." Mora l : The on ly peaceful way to " reorganize.'' a o f the Oligrnchy to open the proceedings, nt 8.30 Comratle Uiophy, organize r of the BranciJ, r apped Brunc h is not to tell the members. ad. The Party Congressional Platform. " (Continu~•l from pa6t 3) pies," uud wuut nn "udcq uutc" ( '?) rc prcsentntion of lnhor. We nrc nfrnitl thnl it will not hn\'C enou~h powe r to mu\'C ngninst Hussiu, .aul het,ICC we " demnrul.. l cp; fi~ l nt h·c mu.J udministruti\'C, ns we ll ns judic inl fum:t iuuii.'' W e de man(rnn inte rnntionul regu lation of the hours of lubor, thus g i\·ing the Lcugue 1111 ndtlcd pretext for intcrfcriug in lnbor Vi::;puti!s, We be lie\'C Llutt under Capitulism peace nnd disurm!HIIe llt ure po!<s iblc, i\hu x: nml Engels to the cont rnr)' notwith:.tamling. Wu worry uhout n uniform monctu ry srste m lund , to phru~u it in· e lcgtmtly. we feel sure that thnt wi ll 'put the pro· lcturint ten ulu·ad " l . Wo C\'e n discuss co lonizn· tion nnd fore ign iti\'Cstmcnt. te lling the Le ague how to mannge these tw.u pesky nuttters, nuJ then exhort th working cl .titsc..;, ~·f a ll nutionto to pcrc(•h·c "1the nccessit)' of seeking'continunll y nnd ugt;rc.w 'r·•·!)· lus in the. present phil form I to ~tX·ure contro l o f their r~ pt.'C t i\'t; t;O\'Crmne...ll! tu the. e nd." T tl whnt end '? Why to the cml that " these policiC5 (the l.engue, disnrmnment, the uni\'c rsnl monetary syste m, etc. l .• ~Jk~~~~~~i ~~~~~"~;1 oS,':~t', ~:~·\."! ~~~~~:r ~~~~~:~~~~~~~·:~~;~:~~'~~·; their re!'pt'fth·e gt~\'i!rt;mcntto" fo r nny other pur. pt)se.s! 'J'Iw P ln ~for m ~f lt•nk" 11f the ;,hi::turic· mi ~_;:.io u " of the CK"illlist Patty ur tlu~ l'nitell Stnti!!< to ''prepare the workc-bo of Anwricn to tnkc l)llrf in the ne w frntcrnity uf lnbor.'' And I t ru::t I will he p:JC· cloned for once more drugging in the nntiqu:tteJ Mnr.x. who once snid : "And to whnt doc!' the pa rty rcduee it :_.~ inu•rnn· tiona li~m '? To the con.!'C iousucss that the rt.-:.uh o f its"'efTotls will bu the 'intenHJtiorml frutcru i1.ation of pi!'op l c~·-A phrn~e borrowt•d from the bourg<:ni.!' )CflgUC of )lCIIl'i' {IIlli f rt..'C tlom wh i1•h i" ~u pp(t~C.tJ IO pnss for the r<pli\'ttlelft of tlre inh; rnatinua l fr.:•tt~rni · zntion of the \\'~t rking clu~~~ it1 th.·ir commcm !lru ~,:. lt• HJ:,nirut tht· rulir•~; dn.~M'j fi nd thrir g~·wrn · ments.'' ··co~ct.t;~to~... And now for tho twl• p:•rnl:!r uphs he.HI~d ·· .on · cl u:_.~ ion.' ' liNe wto lintlthe ''thcoretil"a l" p;, rt tlf tht' progrnm. It begins f:w orubly. " \\'c w.m• t hl! m nNJ.t'tl Uhc fi n .t t ime we hn\'e notice-d t hem\ that tltc abow pro~m m \ lh'enty three p:t~~ {lr it • h:1s rrfl•rt JWf' ton tl)'ing .toocial order.'' We cheerfully announ<'t' that our "r«·on~tr ucticon" prvgram i~ hd~i~n~l It• n~i:;.l in the pa....sing or this bankrupt s)·- tem of cnpitniL,m. . . . A complete t mn~ fornut· t.i on i n~uy.'' Anything !hmt of this complete trarufonnation -.·ill lead to a nother world tragedy (rmd o f course that's ! II we a rc aiming to a\•oid). But whnt complete trnnsforrnation ? Ah , here it is - next to the lnst sentencC.' ':The ma in struggle of the mnsscs is to SC('ure colltrol of these basic insti· tutions ( whic h ?) nnd this requires an eductJrim• of the pcopl~: to the tlf:f.."C$jify of $Itch control." But class consciousness? Wh y that's nil concen· trnted in tl1c l:tst sentence, which r hetoric ia ns ns.sure us i~ the most effective ami empha tic Jl lace in a whole p latfo rm or essa y. He re it is -note the class lines- • " In this work of cducntion we im·itc the co· o pera tion <tf all who recogni1.e the opportunities for re-build ing the world on n IJasis of equ ity. de moc· racy ma l fra ternity for nil.' " Whnte\'er thnt mny Using the I. W . .W. Against The Left Wing T HE SOCIALIST fo r Mny l :h h reprints a n nr · t iclc from the 1. W. W. puper. One /Jig Union, attack ing nn nr ticl ~ in The Re r·olutionary A ge in p a rticul ur. and the p rinciples of the Left Wing in ~e u ern l. T l1is is prec i~el )' the snme luet ic e mployed by the t\'t·u· r ork lf'orltl to <1iscrcdit the Rus.sin n -o\·iet Co\·c rmncnt by me:~ns o f the d ispatc hes of Bob Minor. the nnarc.hist. . The Hi!o!ht Wing has no more s ympnth)· with the I. W. \\'. th;m 'fh e Jrorhl hns with Annrclrism. o r with Boh Minor in 1,nrticulnr. who was forced to lcn\'e the W orM Oec.ausc of his radicttl opinions. \~ 1 e :-hnll not :tt this time t:rke the opportunity to nnswer the a rtic le it~lr. hut from a careful rending of it we :m! dri\·en to \\'Ontler whct1Je.r, nfter all, thl•re m:n · not he u difference hctwccn I. \\1, Wism Htld Soci:lli~m more profou nd than ,,·e d reamed o f - for nftc r :111. \H~ did not imagine tha t in funda · mcntnls we of the Le ft Wing wt"re 50 \'er y fnr :tWn)· fro m the re\'Oiutionary I. W. W. S:ly.:- the 11rtide in C'ne place litul ics ours) : '"Be:-idl•,:;, """h\· ,:;hould \ \' C be in !'uch a hurr\' lo imitate tht• Uulil~t.·\· ik.s? What fw,·e the \· done ·th at ~hould tnttk e u:- jump off our t ruck a nd follo w their l e~td ? Thc•l· hat·r or·crthrou·n autot·raq· and tstab· lish~l pt.llitiml demoeraC'")· /or the proletariat. Po· • Is this rea lly the I. W. \'f/ . conception of the Rus· s inn So\•iet Government, o f the Proleta r ia n Dicta· torsllip ? Is this reall y the I. W. \V. conception of po litica l act ion ? Workers' .Council The recent conference of the Worke rs' Couricil of the Waist nnd Dress Industry indicates 8 h cn lthy move on the part of a St.'Ct io n of Ne w York's workers, townrd industria l democracy. Wlmt was onl )· a few 'weeks a go esti mated at 8 me re handfu l of persecuted workers, li belled a nd mis represented by the yellow :md so-cnlled r adical sheets ulikc, mi raculous ly flourished a t this confe r· ence to the pro po rtion~ o f over fourteen thousand (ha lf the recognized industry) represented by 320 de legah..-s democruticu ll y e lected in the m rious workshops. At the conclusion of n two-dnr s ittihg. the follow· ing mnni fe:.to wns unanimously ndopted : MANIFESTO. '' We, 320 Sho p delegates of the Waist ond Dress Industry nt a Conference he ld a t the Peop le's House, 7 E. 15th Street, New York'City, May 3 rtl and 4th. 1919, rea lize tlmt Trade Unions, instead of hringing ,about c l n ss·con~iousncss and solidarity nmong the workers nnd uniting them ogn inst their explo iters, brenk them into craft groups a nd thc.rc br weaken them ;mol sen e the interests of the emp loying class. We nlso rc:liize that our emanc ipat ion from lifelong drudger y de pemls cnt irel)· upon our solidar · it\' .1nd class-consciousness. · ··we, therefore, procluim to all 1he workers o f the \l;i'a ist and Dr~ - Industry the ina ugumtion of a \Vorkcrs' Counci l. "The Workers' Counci l set.s out to educate a nd organize the workers a long class-conscioiJS and in· tlustrial lin{:$; to break the corrUpt a ud demoraJiz. ing_ influence of craft -union officialdom ; to Jia,•e the workers ready to go on with product ion when dte time comes for them to take o\·cr the industries. .. We urge the h'orkers in each shop Jo elect shop comm ittees \\·h ich !'lm ll ndju::t a ll g rie,·tmces beh\·een the worke rs ;md their employer s. ' 'These shop conunillc..'CS :.:;hnll meet in genera l conference:; to adjust pro!.llems concerning the en· t ire indu~t r)'. The time has come "·hen the workers mu~t· prepare t ~ take c harge of the indu~!ri~. . du:·~~>~~h~~!o~~~~f:~ f~~~~j,e~~or:;~s ~:n~~:r~~;:; Work.e r.s' ounci ls. a nd ma nifest their a llegiance to the ris ing solidarit,r of the \Vorkers the World O\'er.'' !;tl i.J. If u·~ r,;a111 tlu: politico./ pott.-er, control of The shop-committees are self·nutonomous, but the porliat1•entary slOt~. all we luwe to Jo i..s to votl are joined in an lmlwtrial Federation for matters ourult-es inlo power. •• . pertaining to U.d~ at large. liticol fi(mocraf'y has exist~/ in th is t·ounlry for a long time.• ll"t do nul hare to mak~ a r~t:olutlon to .!"• � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New York Communist, 1919-05-24 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- Periodicals. Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-05-24 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .N35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-NewYorkCommunist_v01n06_19190524 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-13 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v01n06 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 8 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. 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New York Communist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/12658ddefa276c33f20d690b2e5bc5b7.pdf bb00b9140daf47d9cd797870045f0e10 PDF Text Text 75he New York COMMUNIST VoL I, No. 5 t New York, Thursday, May 15, 1919 Price 5 ceota A Moderate Socialist Office-Holder By Thr maa Leaderleaa O N Auj~: u~1 2b, 19 17. an Italian pneat named Gul tan i, !.r id a reltFtu u., mef: tinJt on tht cor · w: r of UuJ10 p a nd P uller A\•e nue5 . !'.1dwa u l 0" . l t11laan '- (lf ~ IOf=tntn, h \· m~ 111 lhf' nei ghbor · b roud. ""h u lt:-lencd t u "'h 1111 L. u l1an t to.Mid, rettt'nted I> U IIH' of In !>- r rma rl!. and hrd.led tht JHIC!'L A" a u·~ ult. I.J f th f' hrt"fl111 g L.uh~tn • t rrnun a ted h1 ~ meet · in F !Jut JHIIII\t-.('d to trturn thr full u ""l flJt ~ und ll) . li n !'-unci ~•~ ~t ptemiJot r 2. Gult ant , "'' llh tu .. fol· lu""t'r"', "I 'JH:'f:H' M.I o ..erond tune n1 the Mtme ro rner . !lumr uf the lt zt hhn "'' u t~er h "'!10 had ~ntrd the p tlt· ~ t"~ n m 1H l1- th e ptf'\' t OUII ""'ed.:. \<I' Cte a gain J ''e!!Cnl and Sjl:.llfl rLjt"('l ed tu Guila::.t'l!i t-tatemt:nlA. l"h r pl!C"'I ... . ,!' for ced to cl o ~ hi~ me<>tm g nnd went off . UIIIIO l! llC IOF ho v. e\'eT, that he \oi OuJJ CU nlC: A~llill ,..·ith polu.:e p t o lec"ll o n . ' On thr fol lo "'·inp Sund a" . 5ept ember 9 . Gu ha ni a ppea ll"""l r(J; ~: l e th ird I IIII(: AI B•:.h op and Potter ~;~:::·.~~~~·:·~~·;•• ~·i~~i:~ ;:,;·icl:o!:~:J,·e·:~~~.tr~~ ~•rn tJ.,. ~ h uo tmF "'' " ~ U\'C I it "' a" found th at one uf tht" 1t.1h:w .. "'110 had had the a lterr ntion "'·ith t.ht< pru~ t . h a d ~n &h ot de..•d . I:III OUit"r uf them had ba·u "' oundr c: '" o had l) U1at ht" ~l1rd 11.11 hour later at the hu~p1 t td , and l \ol u pu hr cmru lut d I.Jote"n "'' '~!hi · ly injured. A.. a re:oouh of the ~hootinf'!. dr-vm lt .t h an "''or kcr .. (!II men and I "''um n n ) were taken in to c uatod y and rina lh• held fo r tri:1l. On :'\ o ~·rmll't'r ,l(l, (J,·r- wl"el!! after the ir arr~t . D i ~ tn c t Atl ornt' \' Zabel, . tJ("'ia h ~ t. rn ml:' nu t "''ith h i.. chaq::e aJ!ai n~ thr eleven defcndan l!i ,..·)uch re11 d 8.\ fo ll o w,. : " 1. Finfred C. Zazel, D i5trir.t An o rn e\' fo r Mil · "''.!IIUl.-:ot Co unty , hr re L)' info rm th~ Cou rt th at on th e nrnth dar of Se-ptember in the yea r n int"t.CIC'tl hundred and H'\'t"ntocn. at the ~aid Co unt\' of M!l · "'·n ul. ~ . \\· ,~onl'i i n , the ~aid defen da 1;L~ Peter B1nnr hi 1h"e foll ow Ute name~ ur the od•er ten de· fendnnu. · lft!itl ~ then llnd there armed "' itl1 danFC r · o ur "''e:tpOn". to \II' it : lon,Jed tr\·u h ·cn. d1d tht'n 11nd thert· "'' it h ro rce .111nd vi o len<' ~ in and upon one AI · . , t nc n mp~cn t, Jnelt"\'ant tnd immttteria l. Objt~~> lio n ovc:rru\<"<1.1 · Q.- V. hnr ct. d ' ou hnd th~ JIICturc of the lomb of thf- An a rcht~t.a ? A.-300 lli !>hop. t Ptn urr- o firr~ mtr o dut~ )'_-...) u mcn mp r1 ~n t , . 10 rndcrw::t . Diruic:a Attor-ney OhjccJed to lwol.t. .!lind Jl•mph!eu. ltrrlnanl and tmrna ter i•l. ) Cuun - (;enllcmen or thc J uq . a ll Uu•l5e pa~· pll lr1~ and JI DJ•<: r,. &rr rrcel\·ed for the purpoa.e of thr u W~ 111~ h,.:ln . tf a n~. un the J>ui.Jj«t of conspir· acy.• Jn"('ph A. lh dl r-"' ic1 tpo lice oiDc.erJ on ~tand. lh d lr"'•ct - 1 found th1 ~ I.\\'. \\ . membership h 11u ~ 11nd h Utt un m the trunl. of \ ' uwent f rAteMi . I I Hecrl\·r d in r,·iJt·ncr. and ma rked E1. 22.1 round t hi ~ mrmhrhh il' rar d tn the name uf A. fu · in nnuth cr lrw nl. in ahc t;u me at Z:i9 Ui•hop. I Me m~ • . :,ip .11111d button rtceivcd I ll evidcnce,· a.nd t e. .. , mark..! EL 23.1 Fraul. C~al4hro, "' it new- fur defeliK, c ra....-e.1 · am in('d hv Zai.H:I. c .~~t u b r o- 1 d on't !J.elonfl to the I. \\', w.. but luH (' lottn t:uiJtl·tinF for t.hem. I h11ve been circu· J.~~t i ,,f thr .. ulo"(" rirt• on hH for the lh ywood or· f 3n llRt JOn o r thr . <Ci rcular marked Ex. fJI 1 I d idn 't 11dmi1 to \\'c,.,.l o"''•l. i that l pa id f. 2.foU a month to the I. \\'. \\'., 111od toent no mnnc:)' to thr- m. tObjtrtt:d to u : immaterial.) , Oim 1c l Att urnr' l.ahd- lt lihO "' " lhc att itude of Ct'r1 run t~! th~ J ~p l(' towarrl th e· pove.rnmenL 1 \l otw n th.!llt th(' remark of the lJ1strict Attorne)' be 11trir ken ou t. I · Court - Tlu· n:mark ..,..... ad drr..t.'Cd to tl1e CourL w. \\', introduced tht- lil.ltttnc:nltJ thu• ubtaiDed in ~ ag11imt the defcnd.anll u the trial. , Euminatoon of L Amodeo , hy Zabel, Ol pro~!.. tbe ~ Uary hearin~ : Q. -H ow lon! do you bclon3 to dub ? A.- I don't hel<lftl! 10 the chili, but I ..,..t U... ~oever a l tin-.ea. Q.-ll ow lous lun you *'an anarchiot? A. - r am · not an anarchiat.. Q.- \' ou hod o r;un laot Supcloy w~ .,..., olool lhe oicc:r1 ? A.-No. • Q. -Wa• n't a f:UD taken (rom you ? l>idD't ,.. • han d a (tHO to one of the otl1cr a.narc:hi.q? A.- I had D :) rt: vo l•er. .' Q.- An d th< ) •&rood to oo u t.o breolt ap thi• nw.ct ing ? A.- I don't lr.oow &nrtbins about it. Eumi.ntlion of A. Pantaleoni, by Zabel' *9·-l-lo., man y year• ha~ you .tf' an~ A.-I De"'t::'W• • Q.- You heloOj! to the anan:bi.t dub ? A.-No. [:u miuat io n of P. Nardini, by l.abCJI. Q. -lf o \ol' many yeau are yuu a.n aa..rehil&? A.- I nr\'er wu an ~ilL Q.- llclon, to the club, dou't you? A. -I never bc-lonr to the club, but ~ t.hcre "''hen •po:ial ·~ • m:.k.' re wu a Eumi nat ion of A. FrateNi, by Zabel Q.-How man y yean art you an anardU.t? A. -) wun 'l an anarchiaL • ~i:·,i~t=t•';~ ~:f.· ~~ ~~.r Q.-You helolllf to the elub? the pu.potw: of ahowin·s A.-No. Eu.mination of P. Biant.h i, 'by Zahol. G. A. Liui ISlatr wi tne&.!l \ on .und. Q.-What i.o tl,. no.,. or the anon:hi.ol dub ,_ C. :\ . Liu i- The pirture of the penon in t.he up · bel a ~ to ? per ldt hand cornrr of Ex. 26 is C.111etano 8tf!J~Ci , an A.-Italian education dub. ana rr hi ~ !. thr m11n \lll hl'l kill ed thr k i n~E; of Jud y. Q. -You believe i.n ba ring DO so~ JOI H uml~n I. The pictu rr ~o th.: ri,ht l !l Ant onio Oollnu . an Allltrrhi"l. TI1 c four ~tentlerncn in the want the ~ ove:nuoes~t o"U'th.rown? A.-I heli.,.. in tboL 1 1 Jlirture hrlo"'· Bra<i are four Je paneee an.architb, Q.-You want to kill ofl the.-. ? and thr fnr to the riFhl of the Japanctoe arc intrnt th cr. ll nd thcrci to mu rder them.'' · · A.- I doot kill nobody. -Geor{!" J:nfl:rl . Ado lph f i !<o~Jer, Lo ui 6 l.ing, Thea . . i\o "'' ,..hat "''81" AO me of th e e \·idencc brouf!:ht for· Q.- t.•.J..t.J -.•.•rldml y, w ithout in:trochac:Jt;. or ~pir-- and A. H. l'lllrMitno . Aho\e tho.c. at the top we "''ard b,· 5odol i ~ t IJ i~t o c • Att o rne \ U.he l to con· roun ection "'·ith what had sooe before. ) 6nd " IK8-;' "- "There "·ill he a t•m~ "'·hen our ai · virt th o~e cJr,·en Mil ...·a ul.:a- wo rker~ o r tl1c crime or' ~'bat did yoU' ,do with your sun ? y oa Mel • lm ce will be more powerru l tl1a n the voicea you "A,..•;..:wlt "'·it h Intent to Murder." a crime , by th e Suncloy. w anl!-lc toda) ." In thr middle i.s a picture \11'8\', nbt fuund on the stat ute boob nh\\' i!ICo n!in '? -Nothing doins. A. f ranr iw: o Ferrer. at the lch hand comer a priCIIt., I f'h aq here f!.i ,·e ~amp I ~ of testim ony a.s found in Q.- You knew tho othen lad op? reprt'1'C'l1t ing him a!l the aMI'I !II.in of F'er rd . The the officin l minutes of the trial. A. -I d idn 'l kno w nobod y bad a pra. man wi th the lonF beard i11 Emi lcar Ci pran i, who J ohn F. \\'eRi o wP:i tpo licc officer I. on St.111nd. Q.- Who 'fiflll Nid rou would 80 OYW' lJ.re ..d hu been in pr i&<>n in h a l)· ..even l t imes a~ an an · Di~tri r t Au orne)' l.a.Le!, quc.tio ning the witnesa. -.chi N. Thr man with lhe ~ l a s!ai lo the r ight i11 breoi up thot .-ing . A.- 1\;obody : I woao't .;tb the btmeb. Q. -\l.'here did you find th la picture ? ( Picture An~ el i o. a n lt.alian an11 rrhi~ t and tl1e man with f.umina tion o r V. Frau.i, by Zabel. . · of K..ul MaTL ) · · th~ ca p in the lo"'·er left hand rCi rner ia Michael A.- In the hail• Q.\I loot time did you !"' to the' dub I'OOWI Bal.:unin, a Huu,ian anarchi st. In th e lower ri ght when tl1e rCI.!IIt of the anarehi.ta were then Scmd8y Q.-The picture wllh the red flag on it ? htmd co rner a Ru SA inn woman anarchial wh o wrote afternoon ? A.- Yes, t ir. IC'Yeral pam phleta. Q . -Han~ng in the hall? Coon - The aip1i fi cance of th i11 rumc , red and A.-Yes. tir. blod. 11t ri pes runnin ~t t ranllv cr~~Ci y acrou the cor· iPictu re offered and ftiiC.eivcd in evidence. } •t cl ub room and t.hat they wefe all ~ ner i ~ that it meam Ll ood and de ~ · h . Q.-Did you find any American flap or dnp · Dciendant DOl Sinll ehaDce \o csp\N.) U i~ trict Att orney Za be l charge.-! the defend anU Q.-'lrho1 did you do with yoUT l'tD? inp in that b.aJI ? with ha,·inft gone tc the ccrner mcetin~ on Sunday, A. - I bad no Tn"olnr·. , A.-1"\o.air. Scptemlx:r 9. anned with 'revolvers. and ha'-ing Q.- Didn't you mood. obud ood tell the- tl& :;; and break up the mcdins ? What did yoa do ~r:edd .~ c.?;~~~r,~i7h ti~t=t' :;,it~~:;~~·' ::~ !D with the 5\'D that AnpJo !ITe )'OU OD tbe ~f thO"'e wa lla ? certain pt'lli!"f: officen. Zabel contended thtt the: A.- Nobod y sne IDe a reYO!ftl" . becetiiiJI I , . A.-No, 11ir. derendants were not onl y armed hut were the ore (). -:wttere did you find the picture thi• pn· who atartcd the .hooting. qumion11 ..ked &I once with tJeman ? Here ia aome tCI.!IItimon y un thO.C poillta by 111il· naturall y ezpcctcd to amwu onl r l.t 0110., '-riDe: A.- It wu fotmd in the ball at 300 Biahop . MIH1 for tAe proJccuJicn. it for arp.ment to urp that he did DOt ......... Q.-Do you know who he it? Maud R.iehiCT, witneY proteCUtion , rra-firot one &nd that tberefo~ he .Ud uwdl 01 ... A.- h wu JAJppoeed_ to be the murderer of the esamined by defmdam '• lawyer. . hood of the procoooion ood t<ll the,_, t.o hnok op ltaliaD kin!. "I did DOl aee a'lybody hne aDJ pM be.idel 'the the IDOd:inS.) ' Court-Strilte that - . dcuctiYea. hut after the ahootias I NW !he two SUJll ( Picture ft!CCiYCd in CTidence. ) One of the . - lrr the dol- J... iD the bands or the dec.cctivm and I noticed ahe deL.DOcxo. ""'"""'7 of the Italian !.nacll ol ... · Q. -"-hc-re d id you find thi• ptdw.ro-LoWa tecth•ce pU up anothu «''n after the ahoot.int." Sor:ioli.ot pony or MJiwouoe. who l... arod ..... Ling. Augu" Spi.,.. ~·~· Enf'l, Adolph Fi.ober. Corneliu. Pajot, witneM for pra.ecution. "Cin:olo ru Stadi SoziaU" oa the SaDcloy ol ... Haymarket anan:hi.ab, Cbtcaso . ... taw aix Suna but 1 d idn't tee a.ny of thc.c d& A.- Yee., air; t.b.at wu found in tbe club roo~ fmdanll have .. pn or do any eel towards aD that the clob. had ...... ..:0.. 300 BW.op. 6oer lhue &bat day, DOT rai.e their baad toward ui ooph' or .; pony that wu aot. ln ' oncord will.•Otlered ud .....,.,...! in ericloaco. Ohje<Jed to o~cer :· uehiot iduo, the lawyer lor the d o ( - Mr. R.w., -:-fbe "'ball' wu • , _ ill the: rur of • ..:Jooa at aoo Dommie Gernanoua, wimc. pra.ecutioa. qumioaed 1..aDucca u follow. : ' Bi..bop Me... M llwaultee. ued u the 1D'flldiJic ptac. ol aha "I .UdD't - any of"- elevm clefaulanlo ha" Q. -1 will ul< you whether or DOt II lo o pat ol ~! o d.1 S.udi Sori&li.- • dub lor the llludr ef ~ • po there."' • the ,......,1 och .... of the Sor:, i allot pony' to .... klenc:r'\o to which ..,.cral of t.lte dd 111Dd.ub bdo~~&.d. ~~z ~~~·~e;~t;~"F. ~·~1~:,ki~e~J:N:~ha!!~ur: ~:i ~ or q ~n:~~~d~~~~~ '!:~ utme~at ... ~~~::rd ~;:;~J:n~fo~~geu:;~:;is~;:· ~~ or ••;f~o del•dtl:; ror or- "T:':t... ~ ror wb.i.le a.. • t ,._ oc:c.&Uooallr weol there to IIMIII:I lhei.r in-de to p&r.Jcipatc iD aa~ ~ll Mid~ 1"b ::,;;: raj~k af~~ : : , : :. . ..:.: f....tu-.-..u....,~~o.-oo~~oo. ~ .;o!:!:::::r the~.!d.!~ifou~:-:3 ~~·:.:~.----- ...... uy Praideat or praidi"' . - r ..!.?:/f' olo).-i ... 117 1.J.ol .....,..... rc--;..11 �J z 6h.r New York COMMUNIST Ollieial Or..,. of tho Left Win• Sectioo, Socialiai Party O....ed ...d c,.;ntroUed b1 Local GreAter New York Join• R.:Eo . f..wlfOMN Auoci41~ M.AcAI..Ptl'lt · M.utMJU41" -CottEf'il Edilor EdiJor BwintJJ MONJ&er Ediloriol Boord ~- I. Homnncu B. D: Wou1: M. Zuu:Eft J, WIL£l'llr:m P..bUabed E •ery Week. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Yeu ------------------------13.00 -----C---------------- 6 Montla 1.50 3 Montla ---------------- - ----- .Ti Sin&k Copia, 5 CenlJ BYDdle Orden of 10 or O\' et, 37) Cents a Copy. 43 Weal %9th Street - • - New York City Stabbi.ag Soviet Ruaaia SevdETIM£ ago "'e called attention to the recru· desoence of frimdlv "'' ords about So,•irt ltui<iia eaaatios from American Go,·ernmental sources. Stdl'em, Weyl and Hullitt, M"nl l o Moscow by Lt,e Pra.ident, returned to Paris "' ith enthusiutic re· ports of the Proletarian Dictatorship; and temi· o&icial repons from \\'a:;hington indicated tha t it WAii only a queo.tiun of time hefo re the So·,·iet Govemwenl .hould k recognized Thi5 11ppeared the · mare probable from the treatment accorded "Com· ude Ma:1eru by the authorities, to.•ho tlat ly refuted t• prohibit his activities hete. Howe•cr, we had noticed in the p85t that when· C'TCI' the United Stale5 Government gne vent to amicaLie &entimenl5 toto.·ard So,·iet Ru.!'sia, this J c· tiun waJ almost im·ariably. follo"·ed h)' some par· ticvlarly outrageous attack upon the Russ ian people. S. we warned Ru!osia to "keep her hand on her waob." Tlle oew offem;i\·e heralded by the Bulliu-Steffene In concer1 with the , GowCI'llmenl.oi of England and france, the press reporu &bat ~ Go11t"rnnu:n1 of the Uniud S rateJ iJ GbOCU ro reco&ni.:.e the Kolch.ok a.utocracy GJ t~ de facco Go.ernmen.l of RwJi.tl .' Already the \Vhite Guard Go,·ernment of Fin· la.od, headed by the butcher Monnerheim, has been recogniud by the Allio-including America. The papers repor1 that fifty thous.ard . Finns uid Allied troop• bne been concentrated at Helsingfon for a.a au..ack on Red Petrograd. Mi..tiioo is oow dew:loping. The new organ of t1•e Uthonion league I which U. compotot"d o r eirht«:n bankers and business men wh.., •ant lhe Allied bour~eoi~ie to guarantee their ri(ht to e:.:pluit t11eir o •••n ~p ie I announC'Ci that the United States Go'·ernment has l9•med the f..Qhoniao Pro •i~ ional Go,•ernment •orne S20,000,· QOO, •ith whk h to hu)' clothing. munitions and gu.n& to supiJIY U•e .l:..sthonion 'White Guard! in thelr attadt upon Soviet Runia from the west. I. the eut the United Stoles Go,·ernment is aid· in& llbe dictalonhip or 1\.olcbak. tJ,e t.sarist, the mau..ssassin who de:~troved e\·en the remn •ml! of con~itutional f(O\"ernmeni in Siberia. Eight thouN.Dd A.mc:rican troops an being ..e:nt to murder Ru.sian worken and peasants, and de:~troy the go\'· =~~t~~eupR::.:!1:~: a~~ ~e:·~=~:~~h:·olj'~it1ed s,..rs Government is co-opt:nting with the: Finnish White Guards t~~·h o butchereJ !le\'enty thoUsand worken in one day, with S"·edi•h. Danish and ~onote:cian bourgeo1s volunteers. many of whom foas~Jt in the Gennan ann)' dur~ng the· "-'~r. and with the uploitert of the ~pie m the Bah1c Pro· •i.noel, the pro-German" and the Tu..ritl!. The Allies' Breat-Litovak Peace TH£ clel0111.. of "'Socialist" Germany. headed by dut ~imy-h.lnded proletarian, Count von Btcx:&dorf-Rant.z.au, hne, reached ) 'e:raaillte, and the: t«tD& of the Ju.tt Peac-e are: out. By them German)' is di&nlembered, ruined, fon:cd t• pay ttasgering punitin :ndemnitie. (the first tn· au.J....,t to be $5.000.000). and garriaoned by AIIM:d troops \J:ntil the pa)'tnmU are complete:. We&~ Pruuia and D.uuig are: split off for the bene~t oC thr: mock-Stote of Poland ; the Saar Vallel· ta prac-t ir,.lly handed o\·er to the French capita lata to uploit t~ i dt't Al!>acc·lorraine); the Gc.rmao colonic. art tal. en awa)· ; the German army and nary Me reduced permanently to the sUe of the: New YoR police furce ; ec.rn;an rivtt~ ue ..intematioo· al-.1"; German will walla aro b:nken down ; ODd .I The New York Commuaiat • Jtrip of territory fifty IUiomelen e:ut of the Rhine is forever " demilitariJed." Thus, .. peace on the bvis or the fourt.eren Poi nt~.., promited h)· our eloquent Lut indTective Proidco~ and conc urred m Ly thf' Premiers of t11e \'irtuoua We5tem Po"·era. Thu!io the •·victor y of democracy over autocriK'y." As Bernard Shaw predicted long ago, the \'ictorious l 'o t~~·e:u have acted as Germany " ·ould have if &he had "-'un-and perhaps a liule worse. Again and again the le:;.son is being driven home t~~· ith terrible: di stinctn~e, Cor a ll the world to read : Power LJ rM only lhing u·hich counlJ ; AlighJ U R•glu. The position or GerutlUIJ' at this time: it 11n elo"JUellt indictment of "Modera te Socia li!!m." Hayins their bed "·illt thf' capitali11t dua, the Kaise-r SocinlisL" in control of the German Go,·e:rnmtnt mu!-1 lie in it. Better to cringe under the "·h ip oC the Allied imperialist nation:. than to 5ubmit to the Dictatorship of the Proletariat. c ho~n t o rnaJ,;e Russia hning c ut adrift forever from capitalism, r Ose frum defeat rdrethed a nd powerCul, with allies in all the countries of Lhe world. Starving, disorga nized. r inged 'round with enemy natioD.J. ahe combats the world. Germany. t~~·ith thousand. of " ·ell ·trained troop!!, great quantitief! of war-supplies, and 1!!\'er• food!, leam upon the shaHered aword of her broken capitalism, "·hich is turned onlY attainst her own proletarians, to subjugate them to thr. cruel conditioru of a conquered people. The Peace: or Bi'est - Litov~o.lr. defeated Imperia l ~rmany. It t~~'aa the t~udden rC"n lation of the hn•· ocri s~· of German ambition~ t~~·hi ch dt!itroyed the morale: of tite German armies. Said Genenll Hoffma nn. ilte Gerona n military re!>reKnloti,·e a t the Brbt-LitonL: Conference, in an i.n:r:-:iew "·it.h the correspondent of the Chicago Doll)' Neu:J, publi.shed March 1~: ti~nina 1h~ puce wi1h lht Dohh"iki d iN'u,·rred 1ha1 ..,.r had bern conq1J~red br 1b~m inttud of h ...in1 conqutrtd tl•~m. Our Yiclor iou. armr became rouen wi1h J~l.t.e..itm. Our miliurr machinr became lhe puntin~: rrtU of Bolth"ill propaJandL \\'e did nol da~ lu .wd a corpt of the Cerm.ao &t.hnilti 10 the ,.,.ten w~ "lmmediaul:r upon h unt .. " The Peace or Versailles, heulded with so much idea listic ca nt, tum! out to be- more dispaceCul than the Peace of Br~ - Lito\'sk. The ma~ks Jta,·e fallen ; the oCt-repe.1ted "demoCratic" war-aims. of the AJiiC"S appear in their true colon--an ignoble ~e ramh le for the loot, a bandiu ' peace. '\\'e Socia li.sts rejoice at iL \1;:e feared that per· hap!! Wil.~on's amooth h ypocritical phra!le5 might be embodied in the peace treah·, to dece:h·e the world u i o its rea l nature. We Were anxious lest e\'en now, afttr 50 m an)· disillwions, the European and American " ·orldng-clau mi~ht be won again b}· the plausible slo,aru o r Uberali.sm. But now .,.,.e need not worry. There I:- tltf' ahod:ing doculJ?ent in all its coane literalneu. It mattera not .,.,·hether the German delegate. aign or no. The Social Revolution ia «r1ain. A Coalition Co~vention MR. JAMES Dl'NCAN. ,·ice-president of the A. F. of L, is quoted u uring that his orp;an iza· this Debt will be releated-becaute Of hia .dnaoing ·,·eara. But Debt baa publtcly lUted thlll M d001 ·not want tuch • parrfon, that be will DOt -... cept it unlet~.S all pol itical pri.a,nen are freed. aad ~I ;,. very douhtful i! he t<~'o uld a.cccpt a.ay releue • the handt of men like Duncan. He, lilto m.ay ot11ers of our impriaoned Comrades, baa al.&lcd thG the workers them..-eh·es &UUit releaac him. H the Patty is really in e&rnut aboat t.bc lihs-ation or ~e politica l priaoner•, thr:n we mu.t or~ ize along Soc1ahst and rC'\·olutionary labor IU.. TI1ere has been enough talk, actioc ia ncx:e.a.ry n ow, and "'e CM aafely lell\'e the pleading and the pardoning to the "Libe:r&la." The mon~y wuted in aucb a convention could be :~~et~ ·~~~1 ~:~~~~~i: o;r,f~ln~eth:o:::r power, of Lhe economic might of the clua corucioat worken. Let the "Liberals" take their own c our~; our cour~e is clear; the Sociali51 and revolutionary labor movemen~ mu.!lt act on thelr own raporu.i· bility. Only in this way can we achieve, reeulta, and give due honor to thoee who are aufl'erln8; tha:c the cauae of Sociali..m may live and thriTe. Tactics of a Desperate Oligarchy T HE a&atement conce:mins the Left Wing. iMued by the E:u :cutive: Committee of Local New York and printed in TM Call, i.s the crownU.g 8ol..1 of 1 aeries of illegal erpedicntA to pre!lerVe the power of a little group of political ~ in Local New York.. Ev~ry branch where a Left Wing majority hu r ecentl y made ita avy.:.arance hu been nrthleuly disrupted by the ..mac hine." Ae;aimt the will of the majority of the mem..be:ra of the 17th A. D., the 2nd A. D., and the 8th A. D., the: Exa:rJtiwe Committt"e has ordered a "reorganiution" , which meana the d isenfranchiM!ment of most or. the memben of tho.c branches. Without daring to riak a referm. dum, the E:recutive CoPnmittoc hu di~patched punitin expeditions, UJua lly headed by WSociali..st" Aldennen, "-'ho have locked headquartn-a, and in one case, at least, carried off the furniture with t,he help of the police. The&c petty larceny proceedings, hown·er, han: u i~ a storm cf protm wholly out of proportion to Ute resultt achieved. 1bcrefore the Executi\·e Commillee has c:'~ided to make a clean aweep of the entire Left Wing, and for that purpoee hu oppointed a committee ..to reorr•niu Local New York." This tneGns, kJ expd ol brOIIChu on.d Gll . mtm~rJ affiliaud w:ilh tM Uft Wing orgGnWSlion. The petty political howe. in control of the }d. ecutive Committee, who dominate LocaJ New York. aabliahed long ago • ".c.cering committee" of their O.,.,'ll, which effectively blocked Gem. ocratic action in the Party here for yean.. It U therefore hardly consistent for them to accuse · the Left Wins of action b y caucus. They have deliberately oppoeed Party eon· trol of the ollicial Pany p,....; tbey bo.. mado usc of every parliamentary trick to thwart the will of Lhe ranJd and file : they hue held up (or month, the application card! of MW zDem.be:n., and put them through the tl.ird de~ u to their opi.oiom on labor organization; Lhey b.a•e .equimced in the formation or po litical cliqute on the Eut Siric, and the establi5hmc:nt of • system o( patrO~. hr means of which ..good" Comra.det were .u: '?n lecture tours and <i•e~~ job. u ..orsanizcn" in Socialill uniolll. tion "-'ill ha\'e noth ing to do with the strikes threat· ened on July .Jth in protest against the impri10n· ment of Eugene V, Debs. He p:oe!i on to '"Y: "We do things in a regular and legal fashion and do not enJt&ge in Right)· outbursts ; we have agreementa with our employen " ·hich we: intend to ca~ out.~ It ia as a protest a,ain• theee methods that 10 · Apart from the fa ct that Mr. Duncan by impllca· tion thut d~ what Conf"'C5.1 wanted to do hut many of the rank and file b.aYe joined the l..d't dared not-decloret &trikes to be ille@:al-apart Wing . And to thia perfectly legitimate mo.-anent from the fact that he annountes it to be the polK-! ,..-ithin the Party the boMce oppoee atroos-arm t.-c:· of the A. F. of L. to support the employen a gainlt tU tlae workers where, thr ouPt the legl!l trickery of At the last Cen1ral Committee meetin~. wbm the union lu.-yeu, the "(Otkera are ~ a ,u inal each police had finally been brout:ht in by Ri~t W"inpi, other; apart from tht!!oe facb we would like to know Karlin suddenly announced that there: would be to.·hat the officia ldom of our Par1y expect' to gain no more meetings until ca lled by the Exeeutift: from a com·ention in which people of this llripe Commiuee. No motion UJ tAU cffeel lOGS n~rr math and or,anWtions which tuppor1 them, will be rep- or voted upon. And no molion w.w rver lrYde or retented? Debs has been quoted to auppor1 the voted ~pon w .,empmoer tuWl in.sti-uct &M Euaa~ipe idea of the Amnes1y Convention: T~ Milwculue Committu to reorltJnize Locol Nnu Yor.l" "llM.e · Uoder editoriallly chast i~ the Left Wing for op· lt.atement., tu Gil o&Mr ~ of f-a in lAe pO!ing pa.rtK:ipation by the Party in auch a COO· Execv~ive Commillft'• rrwuaife#o, are penocniottl \'e'SIItion, and aug@'ell• that we are obrttructinl the of the truth. work of. releuing our impriloDet\ comndel by .o The· Left Willfl ia c:harpl with ~ oil doing. ideu of democr~~ey... lt ia true that we ridicule It ia ~rally ~ted. that the political prUoo· capitalist "democracy," which is mfftl7 aD imtnJ. en will not be released U.Dtil the work.en releue ment .of the rulins dut tO o1preaa toe W'OI'bn. them. To tho.e who do not aoecpt thia we would It ia this kind of "democ:rocy which ia clefondod cite the Mooney Cue. And the only way the woTk· by the Uecuti.fe Committee---. form of ~ en can b_ring preuure to bear i• thr.9ugh thfl m.er· meat which permita them to retain OODb'ol oW!f cite of their economic power. through the ~~:eneral the Party for thelr printe bme6t, and pre"'f'aiU the 11tri.ke. But Mr. l>uncan announce~ in advance that rank U>d file from dictatins Parry policioo. Thia the A. F. of L wiH· hne nothing to do with the ia wby the Risht WiDs. wiUch ·boa . _ for ,_... senu•l ltrlke for thia purpo.e. The Liberal organ· or8;aniud in • cloae aod II!ICl'ell machiDe. objeco iutions who 'will be at the convention ban oo eco· wh.., the rank U>d filo ors..U.. opcaly ODd ill nomic power, one of the apoketmen of the labor accordance · witb tbe t>. Socioliat prooodoala. mo\·ement aaya l1bor will not move, therefore the convention will aimply be a talkins 0\.lchine. 1nd h is bec.tl.LIC the Right Wi.osen are DOt ret"o)a. at the bnt "·ill pUI a few weak resolutiootte.ld- tiooary Sociahtta that we refa.e to rubm.~t IDJ longer to their donuoatioo ; il l8 becau.e they an ing for amne.ty or pard on, wh ich wi II be own pOled Social that they IDDal in o5cial wute buk.eta. Perb.apt 'it may ~ 0 P to WD P. influenoe 1 partial-pardoo. wiUch iJul.icotioDI poiJit . Lot the~ Eo~ try .. ..._........ will be the !"_,._I f"licy, ODd ,...ybo UDder Loco! New Yotlr: If II doreal �The New York Commmdet S. Sov.iet Russia's Re-d Army • An Interview with Sklandaky, Auiatant Commiaar of Wu By Michael Puntenold A ,..oniegian Soc:lali.at Lawyer Now in Rue•i• . ~1 o-;ow, february K R£~1~~N ~ m•lltary h ol1d~y all Ruuta . h Red Oa/ils and pennant.! are w.ving in the atreet.a and the emblerru of the arm y are t.hining red 0\'er the mi~ht)' pot1 a l!1 of th~! 1\.remlin: Symbohc r.o l· d 1er p lacud!o illll.!ltrate the )'e&r • work accom· pl i!ihed by the "Krasn y ( Red) Army," from all l11e r o o f!~ of the hou ~. ~hile Red Guard t.old ien in gr a yi f h · b r o~'tl un ifor ms are r att ling th eir ('O I · lo::ti on ho ;xes and pinnin g the Red Army buttont on the coa t lapds of a ll those "'·ho give. In honor o f the da\·, I ha\'e inttn· ir~· rd Ta,·ar ish Skl a nd · My, a~sh.~ nl Commi ssar of \\' nr, concerning t.he re- ulta of the "'\\'orkrra' and Pea~onb' Hed Arm)·" in its work for the pa! t yr.a r. The Mi ni ~ ter of War, Peop le'!! Commiua r. Tr ot.sk~· . did nnt reach home a(ttr his inspecti on trip on the Uk..rainian fr ont ~ntil thia evening.' Equipped with the necesSary propusk {admiss ion card ) , · I made my WA)' pa!lt the Guard! and ma· chin'e guna ·until 1 reached hit repreeenta· t.i,·c, ~· h o wu aining in the peat apanmerit in " ·hich the All Russian Min ister of War at prnent has h iS headquarters, and studie! the latml report! from the fron l!. Skland.sky is a man of fully thirt y years of age, a physician by profa.sion . Durin g the "'81 be was a.uigned to the een·ice with the unitary corp1. wu elected after the March revolution to various .ol· dien' CC'u nc il &, and . u ' earl y u r\ovember · 28th, 1917. became. the teeond in aen ior · ih· in the Comrnianriat of War (army depiutment ). A phy1ician with a qu ictl y, energetic. civilian appearance. "But I have been able to acquire a' little of the mili.tary trad~for the uke of my com · rades. Here· en:ry man mutt do what he can. You can get a better idea of the mi)j . tary . eituation from the @:t:Jleral nair, but I can indicate a few genera l view·point.a. ..The r:eatest accomplishmenu of the Red are the victcyie!l "hich we gained in the Donctz regi~n oYer the arm· ie!! of At&Ihan Krunov," declared Sklandsky. ""'Thie U of sreat political im· portance in the fint place. aim:C Krunov and hi s pr.uant CoMacb ha't't beret 9fore been the most powerful fa ct or in the coun · ter·re:volut ionary movement, and have reall y hee:o a danger to Soviet RwsiL From an economic atandpoint ~is Yictory mean• that we have now openc:~ a path to the anthracite 6e:lds of RUNia in the: Donet.z ~aain, have thus ~ pros~ of once more opem.ng up our mdtl5t1Jal IC · tivity. We han here gained poeaeaeion of the boot dcTeloped r.Uiway ,,.._ with ra.ilwav con.n«:tion to the C.DC1bUS a.JMI tbe oon1iderahle eontinpnt of Red ~ there, which formerly were obliBf'd to communicate writh the main army over terrilory in which there wu not .railroad communication. Krunov'a Don C....W have boon · complaely cfuorsani"'!L Whole tegimenu are de.ertins to ua, Jed by their company commander.. whilo the ltafl' e5cen., knowing n:ry well wliat puni.hmcnu aWait them at our hands. rema.iD with the ezw:my. A. to the ai.c of Kra1nov'a army? It c:crta inly i.a DOt u high u one hundred thouaand. which U the 6pre uaig'led in foreign counria At most., M:Veral t..i.mm ten thouaand. And the population i.a eomplainin' that t.M.e .oldiera are Kt:tting drunk and harry· ins the country. We con1ider t},e ~ tomo- an? Special Corr~pondent o£ the Soci.a.l Drmolrrak~ a )k,~siu Left Win« Soc.i.a.liR p.,_. 2S.th.-T~ay it. pre.Ai\'1' getlure. "On the Ura l fr ont al.o, we hne OYtt Sov1et 1!1 the f1nt anmveraary o r the Red Army. Ar'! &A Conad:~. But thet.e Co!.J!Ch connection whatt.\'U have uo military with Lh Don Cow.aclu · lhe connection ia at m oH a 'r;piri tu al' one. With the co oqu~t of OrenLuq;. the pD!!!o ibilit y wu obtained fo~ ~tablihhing: cun ncct ione "''ith Turlr.estan. The ta1lroa d from Orenburg to Tuhkent ia, however, pr~l )' "·ell torn up, and a number of banda of Whue Guards a re etill IIDrrying tht: line uf the r ood. Hut ~oo.·e tihall rtstore order there in a few da~··· TI•e great majo rity of the li ra! Couac~ are dieband ing the.i~ armies, an~ ~o«m wi llin g to be· t'O me decrnt .-: tltt:Jlll· of Smm:t Hu n ia.. The rem· nan tll of t.h eir . m3in ' fort'e e r~ withdrawinJ; in a \IO'CStrrly d1re.;t• on a long the ndge of !he lira) towa rds l'r.k , nnd the day5 of the latter pl ace are, nurnhtred. They are t.eatt ered dh·it ion•, much wealer in practice th an U1e Don CoM>&cb . In Tu r~et-t a n " 'f' ha\e m ill ions of poods of cotton, "'hich i!l the nocestoar y raw materia l for our prinri . plr indu t.tr~· . nam e !~· . tex tile man ufucturet.. But it is not ou ly our White Guards "''ho are looking with greetly eyes to"'·nrd T urkestan. Lut a ls-o Enf!.· land '"' imperiali11tic ca p,i ta li tim. It i!" not ' im.,ow;ihle that "''t .. hall co ll ide with t.he Eng li!lh in the ::.e.'l rch for cott on. ~uy ~n ~lil: h long ago took po5lt::!i~io n of B11ku on ~pian ~a ~· ith il5 grea t napth a and oi l "·elk It is u id th nt the)' a lread)· ha\·e fift ~· to 11i xt y th ousan~ men there. and that the T urki! h troop!' h a n~ there t lto united "·ith their en e mi ~ ' o f th e woriJ v.•ar.." ~~·~" So,•id Ru .sia any v.·ar·t.h ips on the Cupiaa 0 ( the Votp fr- ... · yood Perm in the. North, all the way do . . to !lla- took the enlin diatrM:1 eut mara in the South. They obtained re-i.nfo. . . mt:Dll fr om Kolchak'• Sibttian d ivlsi oM, '&Dd _. ckr Kolchak there pte\'&ila a .evere Caari.e ~ t.a.ry . dibC'i JJi i ~e. Hi• extreme))' yoWl! oloen• . . afra1d of bem~a-..·ept dowp by their own tol~ and therrrllre mu!t "·ith " k..adaYt:r .. ditcipliDe llllllk to pruent an y unde:ntandi.ng ui the · political aitaat ion. ~r om re.ching the un informed prJYata. I. add11 10n to mont:)' Md ammuniti'on, they aJao receh·ed rr-inforcc.ment.a frc-m time to time fro. ••yes. and "'e h8\'e a lao • f1rm hold on the ..eat fran ce, England and .other Entente powera. ADd of A.strakhan , at the mouth of the Vol~a. "'·hich hu the~ie a re very much nee-ded, for m<MI the Caec:»ai"'A\'!1 been in our pouession. · S io''.W are tired or thtrir OM"D mcn:::a:JIII'J' ldey " \r,e no"' c:omr to our third front , namel y tht roen·Jces, , and are alrud y on tbeir way home · Ctecho-Sio\'ak fr ont . The fact that thoc Cz.echo- throu~hout the length o£ the Siberian nilroad. We Sion.U. and Yu~ o-S la\'5 from Awt ria are operat i'!tt have thrown back the Kolcbak army all tbe ..., from the llral regiona down to 1,be Dre:ip. borhood of Zlotoutt. Howerer; they .W hold Penn, which fell throud> ~­ On the Arcbanrel !root, the t~ li•h and Americans, u i.a well bowu., a.ft. a private fro~t of their own , the object ol which is to cut UJ off' from maritime co.mun ;eation b)· way f/1 the White S... Si mult.anoously, the Eoteote Ialka aboaldesiring to inteneoe in any way ia . . affairs of Ruasia! "On our fifth froo( the Finoith frGIII, Manoerheim i& coller:tins bio While Guarda for a posaible attad on Petrop-acl. -but he mull wait for thel aipal to h. gi•·en by hie Eol<nte fri<11da. 11u1 clo.' for~ thai there are alao Red Finz& ""ln EstJionia, White Guard. an: in ~­ er. In additi on to the FAhoo.i..aM aDd a few thouKnd fi.nn.a. ~e here Wid alao a number c.if Swedcs. And behind &bD fru~~~ here alao ia of coune the EDleate.. ailuation in E.t.bonia i.a not the moat fn. orable for w, but hen: alto the ~ that ~ operating aeem to be iD ocr favor. Narva ia already wi1hia r&a«e ol our «Una. Latvia (Kurland) it eatireJyla (IUr hand!, u U alto the ~ · portiOD ol Lithua l"'ia and White Ruat~· Aad iD dr. next few days, thc.e two pro~ daOwil.l be cleared to the bouodoriet of A.land. and the tOriet ...p.w, will ho ,;. c:sta blished. The Entente 'tried to fCJ~S • continuoua banier -«ainst the Bolaherilt bt<illut, but I doo't think thor ba... ~ed-for we are in comqumic.atioa wim Ccnnany through Livonia ud Ka:rlad." r,....;ob, Sklanchky bore liBbtlod • dlt ardle before pro<>etdins to .... f . tubjoct of ~II Sorid Rl*ia,· ..._,, dlo of Eote- n. f t l W'*t 0" T1D n..t.C.: D '"COMiftHIC'" Alnl ,... WOU Olf 1'1U WAU. • '"c.unAUNt.. •Ions our oatem bound..iy i..n , Siber~, i.a u a IDIII· ter of fact ono of the moat remarkable aocideola of the world war ! They came lo ua u priwmen of war, but i..n the 1111l few mont.b. of Curi.am. and particularl y uoder Kcren.lty, • sreat oumbtt . of them were liberated and anrM'Jd, namely, tboie wbo were willina lo co-operate with Ruuia asainw. Au. trian and German lmperiali.am.. • Afrer thtt,revolu· tioo of November, 1917, wheo the Bo1 obniJU aei&.ed power, our 1ovenuneot wanted lo •hip them bon.e ap:ain by way of S iberia and Vladivoa.to~" declared Skland.ky...TheCaa:ho- S iovWc~weameun · der the inRuence of the'\\'hite Guarda and the mem· ben of the diuolvcd Conatirucal Aaaembly,.. coD· ~f:!: ~bC:.oubfr=~ ~ ~ob~ 1!~ ~:_(!;! 1 d:~l;t.:~to~.LJ,ot ,z;:;;:;!;ft!i ally to the aanh." clocland Sk!udtlty, wilh ao a - R-ia. AI ~-- thor - wial. sr-i - . 1\oy Ukrainia.o !root. -a.; . " UkraiDe! nu.;, ...... ly .... tic bomoland" of the Uttle lt..a. OC. bua it;, lint ...d f o . - .... sr-I sr.-y from wbieb coma our brud.. ADd wUl word 'II the RllMiaa langua,e hu aucb a fair aoud 11t ~ time ao the word KhleO.-bnoad. 11Uo ia onolo lo the banJo ery of tJo, Red Azmy.- " We took u automobile ride !"it.b the Pr.icll.a el the Moecow So,iet, Kameniev, io a mi.1itary _.. pot.t al eleven o•elock in the monaiDt. iD ..,__ .t the lint aooi....ary of the Red Army. "1'bert~ won'l be any parade ; the people _.. • buoi!TY," up IaiDed Kam...i.... the •• , . no~ tie ery" of Khleba, it uolonUDately oolyloo ..U. tic a bockcTouocl. I wao Dot ....-pn-1 .... SUanchky bad to I~bt oOt ooc, bat two c;pr.. ~ r-.. tiuoqb wilh oDo ...... f,r-. ... . 1 . (r.-•-'1 I �The New York Communiat 4. Wny Political Democracy. Must' Go I B,. Jolm Reed II'Ar PoliJicol Dtmocroey Mwl Go. • URI I'iG th~ War the American Labor Unioru were anacked under-the pretense of ..military necessit y," tlu~ ir union t t'p-ulotioru broken do wn, and results of )·ears of or~an ization wiped out. Plead ing .. patriotism," the employers' auociations represented in the Council of l'iatinnal DefcnM: and other bod ies aecured the ~~ouspens ion of D labor legislation in &orne ~otates. Men who were yersistenll y acti\'e in la bo r o rganization, or who h iled to buy LiLerty bonds or contribute to the Red Cross, were thrown o ut of " 'otK, and rendered liaLie to :he Army draft. Whole 11riking factoriee were threatened with inst_a nt conacription into the Army. In &arne parts of the counlt)' &uch workers, not only for opposing the Wftt, but even for OJ;lpo•· i.og r.he rut.hl ~s pro fi teering of employen, were blaokliited by the Counci l! of !\iational Defen.e, At the &ame time pri\·ate pol ice 'and detecti\'C organ·" iutions, composed of businps men agd manufac· turers, and aulho rized by the Depanment o f J Ul· tice. used their po"·er to c rush labor organization wherever possible. .Tbe Government created a jqint body of workere' u;~d cmployen ' rc:pre.entath·es ca lled the War La· bor Board, to M:ttle industrial di!putes. In many c~ t.hc: awards. pr ~ umaLI ~· binding upo n Ute empl oyers, were either accepted and not applied, or else parti.:tl! ;· disregarded. The mo51 po"·erful cor por ations, such B..!i the United S tates Steel Corp('lration. "·hich ha~ al"·ays resisted w;!h terrorism and brute fo rce all attempts of il~ employees at oq::anization, the Wa r Labor Board did not dare openly to aff ro nI. Protests of the .,;,·o rker!> Of%:aimt unfair a"·ards of arbitrators during the War "" en:: met by defiance an~ threats ! ro m Go\·ernment offteia l ~ uch a.s the Hat rd usa! of Charles P iez, Director of the Emer· geo<"y fleet Corpo ration, to recon~i dc:r the ~1 acy award to the S hlp)'ard Wo rkers of Seattle, and his ferocious .denunicntions of the men. . TI1ea-c mea~ ur e.o; proct:eded fr om atl Admin inra· lion wh i<-h O r ~n n i:r:r-d Labor h3d united a lmost t.olidly to c:la::t, and 't'l·ho!>e leadN-Pr~ident WilsonhBd Haltered thr- \'an it y of the "·o rL:en br rc:,·ic:""'·ing ~.e Labor Day parade with Samuel Gom poer s in 1916; and durin ~ a \\'ar ""'·hich Organiz.ed Labor Ua America h :~d voted o\·er"·hdmingly to f'Uppon ~ ~e name of dc:mocrac r . A typical 1ufferer d uring the War Wa.5 the 1-fa· obinists ' Unic:m. TI1c: employen di!ICo\'ered •that a ~killed, highly-paid machipi1t \Oo'al a u!t:lt:s.! luxury. Fo111 uw.kille'd "·orker! could be t11 ught each one part of a machinist'& job, in a 'very 1hort time. Theft: four com parJii\·e l)· unskilled workers could do the work of four machinist!, and d o it much obea.per-UJU!o demoying the union "'·age-BCale, aad throwing the skill ed workers on the sueet. It U, inter~t i n g in thi§ connection to quote fro m &n article in f inrhrr's Tra'dcs' R~vir:u, , written by William H. Syh ·i!o, the first great America! labor leader, in 1863, dt:!i~:ribin g tl,e same proc~s ap· plied to the S tove-Moulder:>: ''Simullan~ous u·ith thu w·as i'llroduud tM 'M/,pu •r•u:m' .... th~ Jtov~• u>tr~ cut up, tlw U, ~tJJ:Ja rn.cui' mad~ on~ p 1ec~ . ... Thus thU JYJkm went on wntil il b~camt: n~c~uarr for ~och man k1 h.o~ from OM to five bo,rs; and . .. prictJ ~C4me ,, low tAtu tnt'n wert" oblis-ed to in.crea.tc: tM iu:JurJ of labor, and work nwch hordu ; and then could Jcarcdr ohtoin th~ plain'e•t nec~uilieJ of /if~ . . . •• h was direct!)' from tht::!!C conditione th.at the first powerful nationl'l l labor union Bprang- the Molden' International linion. Likewi~. it WM the replacing or M:illed men with young apprentice• bors, at atarvation wages, "'·h irh was the chief ~!~= uc::~~~in~finMt:h::d a~da~J:Ci~~~ u.ade:t the Jeadenhip o r another of the famous early ..A.raerM:an labor leaden, Jonathan C. Fiocber. The beginning of the Ci'· il War: with its indu..uial paralysis and widc:apreaJ unemp loyment, wiped out whBtever tentali.-e labor orttaniution ~v~~·ti~:J.' f;~tt~ tr;,r~~~ G:~~:~!~i~ gan il5 is.~~uance of hundreds of millions or dollan in "gTcenb.cks:' which, accompabied by the high war tariff and the tremendo us dema.bd for ar.uy aupplies, cauecd a hr:ctic re\·ival of industry, and laid the foundations fo r a clu.a of capitalist em· p loyen. As in the European War just concluded, all ci~J~~ot:S profited u cept the wBge-c:amen; for while wages in IBM had rileD 307'o, the nerage of nta.il price~ had ritc:n 70% . --:;-_ meelia' t of wOikinJa:u·n 10 pr~eat a.p.iiUl tbo ~:~rt!~:'~c;~d hR1i~h=on~bii~.~dC~~cin~:d~~U:"~~ LoWa,.illc.. l\y., n · ·hich lanu plac" 1 raolutioo wu adopted doc.la.rio& that ' ~w or\.incmc n b..d no rul ot Yital Ll&!oM' in the men ab.tu ct quc.&ion.s uatd 10 d.iride the m....._" A u lioaal con..entioo o.f woden IMl b PbiJa. del~ lSI 1861 lo oppoM t.be Vt'u . The frightful pr~ure o n the working~la.u at this t ime led to an era of labor unio n o rganization, most of the unio n11 being loca l, and affiliated in tudes UAemohee, ""·hich supportr.d tlllt: another in atrikcs and boycott!!. The local and roci'Htt:red c har· acter of tit~ 11ma ll unions corre:.ponded e:utctly to the co ndition~ of pro duction at the j itne. Dut b)· the end of the "·ar the ma nufacture of &ta ndatd· iz.ed p roducu, and tht- t-sta blishment , thous h the ne"· r a ilroads, of nat iona l m nrkets, created rapidly, one a fter another, the great nationa l unioM. Thi1 " ' 8.5 the real birth of the American Labor MovemmL been in the form of political action-and tl1is politi· cnl action hu never been : d~~on&e i ou• pro letarian movement, but a l"'·•r• the joining of f orce~ "'' ith the &nudl property holders, in tMu- efforu to conquer po h·er. Such ww. the Union l..a.bo r Puty, the Greenback LaLor Party, the PoJlu li~u . the llryBn Free-Silverites, the Progrt:MivC!o, and finally the Wilw n ~moc raiA. And, u we have notad in a preceding insta llment, Lh~ mo,·ementa, which in eM>Cnce \OI·ere nothing more r.han revolll of debtors agairut u.e lltrangling greed o r the great capitalista, failed utterl)·· The control of Govern· Ly the great capitalist.t was too fltrong to b.:l Before the Ci,·il War the Government wae con· trOlled br the So uthe rn Blave·ho lding class. ThiB In a ll these debtor-re,·oll8, ~e farmer, who fcc:la contro l " ' &! cha llenged by the 11mall c apitali&t& of the preMure the most ~'·erely, ~ the molt prominthe 1\orth, opposi ng ~ interests of wagt: labor to ent el emenL Union labor {foll o wed the farmertho!t: .,r c hanel -sla,·er;.·. It wu 85 a repr~ntative not a5 the pro~r1 y l es.e industriBI worker, :·•Jt u of this 1mall property-ho lding clue tha t Abraham the O\OI' ner, or prospective\>wner, of a little prppc:n:y. Lincoln wM elected to the Presidency, and aa a rep· The latest of thbe: revolutionary mo\'emenl8 of r esentative of tl1is claM that he cond ucted the war. s mall property holden l5 the Non-Partisa.n League., He feared the ftl'O"'·ing ruthleti.!! po"'·c:r of Wall \lo' ith it5 program of S tate banh, State-controlled S treet, and warned against it again and again. And elr-nton and transponation lines', and ita comhinB· "'' ht:n the ..... ~..~ was tn:led, \Oo'ith the sla\·e-power de- lion or the flll'mer with linion l..a.bor in u,e citic:a .lit.roved, he "'· i ~hed to M~e llcconstruction in the to wrest contro l of the S tate fro m the great fm1 ,. Souih proceed rapidly and (tenerou.!>ly, ao that the c ial interesl8. h . too, will rail. . . . rising class of &mall pr(\pen)·-ho lder§ there could F or more than half a century AmeriCAif Labor unite "'· ith the ~arne cia." ! in tlu: ~orth to keep con· ha.s turned il5 attention a lternate ly from politica tro l of the Go,·ernment. But Lincoln ."·as a511B.Il· to economic org•niz.ation. Saye J ohn R. Common1, ,.inated ." and thrre i!o no .sma ll e\'idcnce to pro\'e that in his "History of American Labor" : the h ullc:t " 'hich killed h im \Oo'U f1red f rom the direc· "Tb" rt"putin(' cyclt" of pulitica and trade unionilrm., tion of \\'a ll Street , . . . And the capitalisu. 5t:iz· ~,1;:~c•~ndr~:J;o~:d o7,o:,::•t~o:ru~k'. ':u~ti~c inF contro l of the federal Go\'t:rnment. proceeded or thi• hitlory of labor." to loot tl1e South, and to create thr re tiuch bitter _111 t~1 e. last two decades before the [urope.A.D !loi!Ctiona l and racia l antagoui~m. that it made co- \\ a r , Lmon Labor, discnchantt:d " 'il h lhe fa ilure of Opt:'i.:ltion Let "·ern tl1e !ima ll prOilerty holders of po l111cal act1on, adopted the cour&e of a r'Jurmg tl1e t\'orth and South impo:-siiJir und e nabled a ,;ma ll poht":", and developmg the economic organuatJon F"toup of capita lists to ~lll f them-.eh ·e.-; fi rml y in alone. J the had~ le. F ina lly, ab~ndOning . the ru ined _South, In the last \ n E e bero\ e the Euro pa.-; War, the r.ultng d .ass turned 11~ nllenllon to lootmg the H o u!lot:fi of Congte; , and "f' U!mg the Couru to puLitc d omam , natu_ra_l r~ourre,, and l~e. Go\'ern· the Emplo)ers' 1811od ha d captured both m~nt-State a~d f\at1 o na l. Great pohhcal rna· Ho uso of Congr , and " ll.S ld;mg he Couru to ~hme! "·er~ _built UJt thro ughout tht: country, rt::!t· re\J\ e "consp1r acy" charges agatnst labor or gan 1• ~~~~ on polttlcal pa.tronage and Go'•ernmental graft , zatJons. and to defeat them by means of the W· "'·ho~ po"er to th1s day has ne,·er beoc:n aha.ken off. Junction, turned il5 allention to politica in order ~for-t- the Ci\·il War thcrr "'' ere fno !-'Teat ca(p.l·. __Jo protoct its economjc actio n. P olitical pr.!:!I.Sure ta la~t!!.. . Industry .,.,·as large: I~· localiZed, the pr(fd. WM bro ught to Lear upon legislatures; lobbies ucls Lemg comumed "he re they were manufa~tured. " ·ere maintained at W~hington ,and in the State Ther~ "'as p lt:nl) of free land in the West to legielatures; the policy o f •·voting for our fr iends " ·hich the e"xploited could go, and the wo rkman and defeatin~ o ur enemies·· wa.s la,gc:ly prscti&ed; could a lways become a small manufacturer and Mr. Samuel Gonrpc:u and other lahar leaden were merchant on his o~·n a~o unl Li_terall)· epeak.ing. familiar figure! in Congressional Committee rooms, th.er~ u•aJ no u •ngc:~ornang worktng·dOJJ o.t 'uch arguing for or against &uc h 411d auch a bill ill t~ Uniud Suu~s. llut the free workin~en of The le~Uiat ive achievemcnl8 oT Ubion I...ahOr are ~~~nca "':ho enlt.sted o r ."'·er~ dra~ted mto the ' imprt:!si,·c:. A Departmenrof Labor ih Wtihington, l!m on armu~s. lea\'mg a r.oc1ety m "''h1ch the manu· and S tate burea.LU in a lmost ~:very State ; eightfactur~r ca!"e to them, r~turn~d aftc:~ the war . to hour laws in Government work-. on the railwaYJ, fi nd g-t~ant1c new centrahud mdu~tue>~. to. wh1ch and in ruany S tates ; Federal Boarda of Arbitration they must l ta'\'el and beg for wo~k. Wath the and Conciliation ; Wo rk.men' 8 Compenaation lawa develo_Pme!lt of po"·er. !-'"a nsportat10n and great in mo~t S tates ; restrictio n of foreign immigration, facl ortes, mdu~tr~· ~fter mdustr)' left the country and exclwion of Oriental laboren; factory Jawa and moved to ~he c1ty; nn~ the_ "·orker. ~a11 forc_ed of all 110ru, legi~lative ..afeguards, and legaliu.tion to f~llow. TinA concent.r~tto~ m the Cltle! wu m · o£ &t.rik.es and picketing; and the Cla)10h Act. ten.s1fied h)· tl1e w<~ves of mmugrat10n from Europe. which ~ dec l ares that Labor U not a commodity, Free ~~nd "'"~gone ; not even th~ Homestead ~wJ and profeuc:s to aboliah the uae of injUDCtioDI in brea.kmg up the great land-holdmg.s ~md cr eatmg indu5Uial disputt:5-a law which Mr Gompen mill i~ns of sma ll _land-o""'ll"fl, could prc:vebt . the hailed at "the new Magna Cb.art.a...., . growwg co ncentrlltJoo of labor power and cap1tal. But in the Ju t analy1il, whM does all thia come ln fact, ~c: n.ew £ree-ho~ders w_e~~ at the mercy down to? The Depa.rtment of Labor in Waah.ing· of _the ratlroads, m_a rkdmg h c thtlt::8 and b~. ton repreenlts nothing but the interest..s of the wb.'ch were a lready m the han~ of the great cap1· upper &trata of Killed worken; it ia headed by a t.a.hst.s. £o rmer woriUngman, William B. Wilson, who acfrom Lefore the Civil War to thia day , the q ui ~ in the penecutioru of ruik.ing minen by psycho log)' of the American workn haa been the tl1e copper l..a.rons of ArizonB, and defenda the dopsychology not of a clau-con!ICiOu.s laborer, but r.on ation from the countrf of fore.igners .ctive in of a •mall property ho lder. The t:\·o lution of in· abor organiz..ation, on the ground th·at they are du5trial toeic:t)· in America hM been ao Bwift, that "Bolaheviki"; in o ther wo rda, it .fa.ithfully IC%"YC11 the Amt:Tican worker atill hB! in hi! mind the idea. the capitalist Govern.nlebl Lons before the ~t· that he may climb into the capitalist clua. H o ur law• were enacted, it wu recogni.Jccl by the Why? more intelligent capit.liJC . employer• that they Not the leall of 'the reuone i.!l, that two or three wou ld increuc: the dicieocy of workmen ; aDd ewm gent:Tatiom before Labor in other countriea had now thev are not obeyod by corporatiow whoee r tceived the fint priril~ for whic.h it fought, the intereall. they do not Nn'C. Boards of Arbiuation a;:;: ·Th"~rfi;can'" manwor",·r~•~alldO"~Onf g iv11 . CDciUoeau p<> 00~~l.aJO"~ ... .......... .... b ,.__ w.•~ -were poliliral manifestation&. In apite of unebdins d;..r.pointmenl.l, ip apite of the hollowne:e.s of all hi..& c:gislative victories, the American worker con-tinues to believe the promiac:. of the capitalUI: political parties, and t'ok, tJot~. tJok. It i.s lo be noticed that the beginnings of A.me:ri· ca.n «.onomic la..bor orga.nWtioh were dictated by the DCCC.!oity for dt:/etUe of hi1 cJua inter~ DC\'Cf offeruc:. The Knighll of l..abor wu founded to d~fend &tandard.s of living; the American Federa· t ion of Labor "'' U fo~ to defend· Labor'• inter; au.. l::•cept comparatively lately, u partially in the I. . W .. W., American Labor hu ne,·er sup. ported any economic 9rgn.niuJ.ion ! • ·ith a political object- that is to ..ay, with the ob-. jec:t of sainins eonuol of the S tate. Ill ef. fon. a1 po!;tic&l cooq.- of ~""'"""""' ba" either "arbitrate" iD (nor of the emplo)"f!N, who will not relinquiBh aD atom. of tbeir power, or (ail. 'M08t Workmeo'a Compenution l•ws IIJ"e ltlbject to decisions of ladu.cria.J Co~ions, 01' rim.ilar Government bodiea, aDd to appeal i'b the c apit.lUt cowta. Flldory laws are poerally disJ'e!U~ and st.rik.c:. and picketms, thoush legalised. are 1till pr....1ically outlawed hy the polM:e. The Clay· ton Act i• not worth the paper it is printed on. ln spite or the phenomena] p-owth of the A.JDe:ri. can Federation of l...abor, and ita iDcrcue of p,)wtll'. nevertheleu industry b.u srown futer. ye.., E•eo be£ore the war, that~ Khie"t'e:meol of the A.J:ner. ic&n Federation or La.bor, t.be ""trade ap-eemea~.., • aort of partnerahip bc:tweco organized labor and capita.l ,- in a·bic.b cont:act. WU"e signed between bargaining poupt to COWII' ~· period of time--h.ad heeD aboH...hed ln the larsM& companiel, euc.h .. &be Un;ted StolM Steel Co""?ali""' Lillie by 1ittJo �The New York CommUDiat I Left Wing Notes TilE ldt Wing organization hu decided to sup· pon the rollo-.·inp; nomln~ and ask all I"C..ol utiOODI')' Sociali!>U to do lil:.ewiM:: For t~ 1\a.twn.al Encut•vt Commiuu, lsi DUIru:r: !\'. I. llourwu:h, N. l'., Edward Lindgren, Brooklyn , ftt . L, LAu"' C. Froano, BoHon, MwJ. f or lntunoJwnnl Url~galu : / . £ . fergu.son, Chicogo. · lll., John Herd , N. L, LouU C. fr aino, Bos· Jon , Mws., C. E. l<w~nbtrt,. Clcuelond, 0. For E:ucwu·r 5rcrt'&.ar1 of Local 1\"ew YorM: Mcuimili.on CohDI. . ln view o f the referendum on the Slllt~ Euw::utive Comm• n~ resolut •on to expel all branches and loc11 l!1 Lilnt ha\'t joiued the Ldt \\'ir.g Section, all the brnnc h ~ a nd local~ throughout tht' Slate &hould male arrangement! to have Left \\ mg r.pul:.eu atate our cue. Leh Wine "peaken can be &OCured by com· municatinF! "'·ith ~1ax_irnilian C ohen. Soc:retary tl•t Left \\'i.ng Section, 43 WCS( 29th S ucet, lSew York City. or All Leh Wing cprnmunic:ttions fo r Lh~ cnll!mn r.ho uld be addro.~ed to Maximilian Cohen . 4J West 2'-Jth St reet, and ahould reach him not later tJ::;n TuCIKiay morning f~r in~.rtioo ~e aame week. "Editor of THt CotottJJ'IiiST: TI1e: memben of the 17th_A. D. read Mr. Hlurn..,tein'a letter in the May 8th t~ue o f t11e CowM u~· t ~T. "'' 'th a great conaen•w o f opinion tJ•at "' e at~ verv fort.unale to .... ve had the prbeoce of thi11 indi\'idual in o ur camp, ooly M 8 !-py; and tJre feeling i!; one of relief rather than dt!'ma)', at tht:: l o:-~ of the ~~ and only o rig· ina) "Mmut~ Ste.wler" in the o rgan iution. re:~~~ ~~t~~e;~ll~a~:~·~~',~; ·t~~~~~~fcd~f~~ Does Mr. Ulum!'tein kno ...· ...·hat Llack.mail rea II)· i.J, or i!t it po~ ibl~ that Ute editor of TH£ Cow.W UNIST demand~d that Blumstein turn over • uhstantia! ports of h is prh·a te fortune u 'hu~h money ? ' "Jf Mr. Blum5tem meam to den)' that he pointed out c~rtr1 in Party Members to a policeman, dcclar· ing that they K.re 'Ana rc hist~ and t.hould be depon· ed," then to hi!! other accomp li ~hruenl! he hU added ~~~~ o!·r:~c~ ~h~a~e:t:~:C wt~;T~~er~a:~~~:l Jt ' is pos~iLie that Mr : Blumstein ....u at the time in auch a rage thi!l he does n ot remember b8\'ing made the f>lalements. .The writer would be quite ...·illing to accept this n.planalion which is probably the true o ne, and it ...·ou ld al!-0 justify Mr. Blum&tein's ei.i!ltence as a member of the outlaw executive committee o~ Local New York . "fraternally, "'J u u us CooE.tNo." A~pu.l for Fund. for The N. Y. Comm=iat ((IMttJo :w .. : The Ldt Wing is in noed o f funds for the i~!.UftnCC o r its papeT; ""'e have nO dues paying membcrFt;p and 11re aole ly dependent upon tho volunta ry ' 'ltribution a o f comrades fo r our 11up· p ort. H yol. th ink o ur movement is necessary, ii you feel that ....e must hne public exprea.sion, you 0\:J!'t come to our 6upporL In the prtf;Cnt cri!!is, more thP"n en~r ~ fore, ....e mu ~t keeP. in the field. our paper must be ~u bli!.~ed. WE l'iEED FUNDS. Cl~LanJ, ltltl"f 8, 1919. Dear Cotutadt" : Thank you "CTl' mucb for tht chet'k for 110.00 for aub.cnpt1:ma. It ia c.J)(':ciaUy appreciated 11 lh1a motnt'nt. In rep:ud to tht Mar Day Dcmonatntion aod tbe at• lark madt upun u1 b~ tht' aJenu of the uploitera, 1 wrote the awry for lht' Rt•'Oiutloi'Wlry A&t, and aho ~ttnt an ac· count which appcart in thia Wt"ek •• SocuJUt Ntl4'J to r~ Nr tl' l'ork CfJIJ. !'oio doubt OM of th~ will reach ) OU. At the pta<lll timt tilt toala of lhe rulinc cla.u lftl ~.ry·in,: thtir utmo.t to mali:e uae of the fact tbat in the ~;~~~~~ :!~hh~~u!~('~.Ur~~d t~:~·~~~o~:O:cf~~~: :be Jl('niltntill'}· fur from one to 6ft~~n yean. .Th~ char1e a,:ainat ua U U61Uit wilh inl~nl I'> kill, 1nd the but. of the ~::i~ip~•,t• i~P;h:\t:ry ·~~=r~~::. w ain& people to A ,a~. probablr picked for the job, amulu:d our bud· quarten while 1l1e comrade. weTe 6~KhllnC arairut the Ka n,~ eu and boodJum' ·aided by police. who attacked them. [,-erylhiDil wn aruat,~O or •tolen. ra ·. of ccunc. we are "' or\.:in& under difficuJtiee juat no111'. We hl'e abou1 1 hundred ccmndea io tbe workbou.ae. mott nf whom, in •ddition to their d1y._ hav(' a fine iod uded iD their Kntenc~ aod we m1.111 na.c 12.500.00 to pay theee &net 10 that lhey will not but to work them out at 1i.str ttnt a day, 11 welJ u to ra.i.lle' the fundi to li&ht the cue~ ~ill pe:od.ina. ~ Howll:"''cr, the 6chtinc aplrit of the rDOYemeDt il DOt k.iUed. Lut Monda) we a.coeptd 335 oew memben. Aa: : day ia cofllina •nd we will 6aht on until rictory il FratllrD&lly yoan., c £. RUTII&,.UIIC. the ''buic" induM:riee are lost to Org~nized Labor. And the grent ma.J.S of the unskill~ worken, deliberately exclUded from the rank. of the privile~d skill worl:eu ·of the Federation, bad been recruited by the I. W. W., which abjured poli· tical action of any &art. and whose object wu the • conquest of the Sute by ironomic .ction. . The end o f the Ew'pean War leans the great capitalists in command of tLe industrial world, and determined, if they can. IO destroy labor orsaniut ion for sood and all. This is the J'CIUit of the Yotea of the workcn who put the Democr'atic Aciminim•tion in power. To m.!ld thl& menace a powerful mo.emeDt 'hu sprung U)l in the ra.nlu >f Union Labor, to form a Labor Party- • political orsaniulion wbicb, by ~ of legislati•e refortn5, will conqueT power for the workers. Ill program ~ the marlr..a of itt hi.aorical senealogy--tbe payeholo8l' of the ..,..n property holdo., aDd DOt of the prolturian. ~ method of ita organ.isation abows oooe more Amer-ic.an Labor's invincible t.ruJt in the POk. and in the -ib;liry of "partD«ahip" with the capi· t.alilltcl.... Only after p&inful _..,.will L.loor ruli.., that the capitaliol State it ·~ leu &Mn • JTUJChW for tM oppreui.on of oM r:UJ.u by anoi4er, onJ ' tJwu no Leu •o i.n • fkmoerali.c n~ &Aan u.nder a mDMTt:hy." Labor r:ann.nt enter into ..part:Derlhip" within the c.apitalia! S:...te:. IA.bor can only win . the pr_od~ of ita tot1 by the o•erthrow of the asure capitalilt ·~llo;:- .... ~ 2nd A. D. KinS' ~as jo~ed th.e Left Wing. ltalia.n Branch o f the 2nd A. D., unanimow.l)· joined• the ~ft \'\ing. Manta~ RtJulu meetinc of the City Commineoc held May lith. · 1919. M~tin1 ealled to order and Comrade Hammtt dec:ted u cha,irma.n.. Minutea of tbr prnioua mMtin~~: read ud accepted wi1lt one eonection. f ol\owin« crtdrntiala •ubrnilltd and 1tt.eptcd : ~:i'~~b=~~'Suak.~. r;;~;:.; ~r'~ 3~·~ AS chargee ha,•e n0\1'1' ~ prefe:rrcd api.Dil Cit· Brons.. Neatm 1nd PftBcr. 2nd A. D., N. \'. Stemhilher and Hrichenlhll, Branch IUdccwood No. 1. ~';:,~d~n!n~~~~~~a~r~~~ ~.t,tl' 1;~~~~..l..ocal QueeDJ. The follo-.·in'- communica.1ion1 -.·ere read : A lettu fr om Lor.al Hanford Lhat they voted for the . l ow hy the Right Wing in the Brora, the ·Left Wang hct! c!"opped in":estit~:•~on of bim. . :J:~ ~t=dm:~1.~u~J:d&:!~~~:l one~ a~d Pr~;.~g~oh~eft~iclee ~t !~\~Ul= . !lil We are inronned that owing to · the inability o1 th~ Right Wing !!pies to !f!t IIU!terial, TM Soeial.UI ""' 1 11 only appear once every two weelu,. WNther Mf~~:''L:~ Q~!,~~e•:h:;e~~~'£!:C:i,e ~~::! io· and other circuma~ ~~ llnlt ted ha deltJalt'l lo thr C....ntral Comm.inf't to apr"M~ the in1entio .1 of l.oc.al Quf'tnl to brlp the 17lh A '0., to This will be a great diwppointmmt to m.usy retain ill mrmbtr.hil), • nd to iru.truct thr delet:lle. to the comrades who a re ._..·a itin~ with breathlM!I i:Dten.t Statt" Commllteoc demapding tha't Ll•t lkren.berJ reaolu· ( Be be: h Communica· . .. from the l.rt1iah Hraneh. donu inc a IDODf"J on:lu of fc.to". S2fi20 for th~ COiillill' l'III!IT. Aecepttd.. from lluflalo, wit.h 1 contribution from Poliah Branch, . We, ot.ir.eh·~. find it di!Scult to curb oar imJ»amounlin& to f,S.65. Aec:epted. llern:e fo r further utterance& from LoW. Waldma LeaAtt from Clt'O'tland referred to tbc Cowlil tn'fJJT u to what Socialil~ re~l~y ia. e!rofteq6;:_, to ao u apcale:r. Communleation 6Jod.. But perhap& u he ia soint OD the b.nicacle. be £...e..cuti..-e rcpon: will not have time !or ~lin&- • 'h:!'~~!::J;tbe..e~~~!itec~~~thu~ ·~ Se.ocn:t..,.·. ~c;:~::atb~ -~-o-~--0:~~"::: 'l:m :J &J·~ ---------------1.-------· ~ ~OI,aa baluee 00 ~----S22 76 c....b Oft b&Dd ---·-------------- ~ Su,btcription lla1a an c:omiD& in •lowly and bt" •ucie<ltl the lMUanct Of pJedae card&. and IO adttnilf' the Colil· M UI'IIST by rrnin& out poaten or pl•ca..rd• To initiale a . n:frrend.um for tht teal~ of the [u.cutit't S«rrta.ry of Local Nrw York. The rer;uJu mrrnhn'.hip mf'ttin& wu eallod for Ml)' 2.;1h. To iaaue proc:lamltiOD on the P~ TrU~ty. Brlllch rudr;cwood donated 120.00. Esecuti•e Committee'• report : Recoau:Dendation to print S,QJO liall of the nrioua eomi· Dea for the com.in1 elec:tiona, •od to ad•enia.e. the Coil· M Uf'I'JST on the back of thrW" Iiiia. Concurnid in. That all deleaate. to City Central Co:llmiltec a«:UN" ref. ero"ndw1 ballou for the debarred hraocbea. CouciU'f'ed in. That City Comm.iuee concur in •ction of tditon and biDe. m.llllltr in printiq ColiiWUPiliT a.t Cnpbk Pt.. at 1120.00. c...nxd. ~ . Th11 the lttltt 'from Ce(bn- announcina; ~be ~raa.nisl · 11oa (}I the Sth A D.. be prio1ed in TNI. C • mnn with ~ COIDIDct. aDd to iDarud the 'de.d IDem· We understand that the 2nd A. D. ia goiq to hold e meeting for the purp<»e of ~ Ju· lius S. Smith at. to what is really tramp~ iD h i& Branch. If he has not Lime to attend Brmc:b meetings, 5c a week expcnd'-'CI 'oo TBE CoM..IIIUXUT will keep him IJ(;CUralely informed. . · . . .• . We IU"C phd to Jearn from TJ.e .5oc:ioUM tha P auch o Villa u a SlA.Ddard Oil bandit, u thit probably a,;c,lun~ for why J olin D. Roclefelltt wa 10 . V.fi:S:.~o 0~~~f::ru tab o f the United Sta• to AA to Th-t Soci.tJUt enquiry aiJout bow to pt Man :' ..Capit.al" for 50 CCDte, wei wonder tblll d. editoro ohould nocd M..,... wba> they bu., .Wald- man, who is soint to sive the lUte tbe n.i~ coa l minet, water-ways, lelepapb aDd telepho- li.,.,. Pood old Charley M..,... lud an ideo tho! "'te ..... would be aboliolled uodo. ~ -ON- Ma.x Cohen is not an American ci~ 'I'I:U. ia 'causing ~~ indipatioa am<m« 1be Sca.i.CO.,. ndc. who b....c jwt out• tKir lr800Gd pepen. MANHATTAN LYCEUM li6 EAST 4th STRE.IT HEW YORK CITY The Risbt Wins lu. dioco-..1 tho! c-.M .t&lr.C: We want to make our poaitiOD clear Oaoe aDd for ~II . Although we admit Mu ~ ia at faah.. w refu.te to sign a petition lo bnc him deportecl S.. aid~ he informa. ua thet if he bad berea a ci~ lie might have been"" Alderman, and TO ELECT AND INSTRUCT DELEGATES TO NATIONAL LEIT FING CONFERENCE I Speak.ing of bt~rTicadee we ~ould uk LoW. it he going to 6ght l~e a ti•p w~ be BdJ tb.e. LEFT WING MEMBERSIDP MEETING SUNDAY. MAY z:;th, at I P M. -AT- I to remaio in the ou~r d~~ lhio clocidod ~ ·. , ~ Tho .,........,, of the Eu<utiYO ~· o( Local New Yark, coocen>inc the I.Atft- W~. ,_. liU Bobuocl:U ll=l>ko..Uyo'o oppoal r. nnlioa in Rua&i&. ~ �'l'he Now York Communiat The Productivity · of Russian Labor I -.· From the Ruaaian Soviet Government'• F~r~t I Annual leport fCtntri~UUJ fr-. '-' wnA.1 By A. ·Lo_,.. ment, do not notice the buic tendeocy to c. ~ At the beginning of 1918 a definit< break became in the productivily of labor wl:Uch he. ~ /ut.l tho.l tM lu>urly produaiviJ1 of 14bor M 1914 ohvioua in the mood of the '''" ritrn, in the H'n&e luu alr~odr bun a~. mwt be cnruiJ~red more developed in the lut r... montha. of recognizing the DCIC.n!ity of introducing strict or k;., eJtabli.sh.td. In 1M jUlure, wilh 1M d~ The worken aud their government can!tot l:ll.DI· labor diK:ipline and a r~dineu and willingooa to ntlli.on of 1M t.eclanical and rcon.qmic tiUink&raticn 8£C industry! Back to capitaliam! Such ill the bave the piece-"'·ase e1-t.ablished. At the u.me Lime . of produciUm, ond u1ilh on incr~tutd odapl4h&.lily ..revolutlonary" tlogau of the Capit.aliii-Meo.ahiT& the admini•trotion of the establiah.mr.nt undertook of th.t worhr. tMnuelveJ to more Ml.eruiw labor, bloc. lhe planning and ~adual realluati;:,n of a project w.•f' mu.sl uput d tniJTW in.crtwe ill prOtlu.cti.tn Alu ! - mercile&5 hiatory here al..o laugt. ef techilica l reorgani.z.ation of the factory produc· irrtJptelive of anr chon&el in 1M uc:MUxsl tupccu at them. In Ukraine and Siberia the power h. lion; the factory commiuet, at the u.me time select· of tlu t.Dorl. temporarily pu.ed from the worken to the bouring the beat methods of introducin! labor dieci· Similar information we hue regarding the Til- ~i!lie, and the laHe:r immediately baa replaced ?line, propagated the idea of the Oece:Mity of the mam and Lubereukoye factorio in the Mo.cow the economic plan of the proletariat by ooe o£ iD l.tter among11 the rn.a.uee of the worken. d i.slricu. The reporu of • number or chemical, own. And " ·bat are the r~ulu o£ thia chau!\ b the Sprin~ of the pre5ent yur there w·u or· po"'·der and other factories abow an increue in the 1 anittd o mixed cc:nmittee of repte!Cnt.ativtt of the To .all the critica of the Communi..! program productivily of labor lo • norm approaching adn-jnistration and worlr.:ers' organiutiona, whlah of tbe Pari5 workeu of 1871, Man replif"d-.,DCNII t.h.al or peace time. • ·orked out r ules for the internal fec:tory mana~ capilaliatic &OCiety Kill aUt in its maiden aWe ol AI the present time "'' hen the most acule period 01enLs; theM: were later con6nncd. by a general purity and cbaatity? Have not illl buee defelopcd. of hunger musl be considered u paued, v.·he:D the meeting of the worken and the administration of its ~el£-deceptiona been revealed, illl proct.ituted t haHc:stinr. of the grain goes on in the maio t.atiathe establishmenL r .. lity been di>eo.....t?" ~&ctorily,one may and ehould. apec1 further im· The practical introduction of labor di!Ciplinary pro,·ementa in this field. For wu not hunger Back lo capital~m! Here ia the sole ligbt-hou.ae rule'i "'·hich in the main corre!pond io the labor that merciless power which could " destroy every· amidst the t tormy wa\'!S o£ the CommuniAt Revolola~·11, ha,·ing for · its purpo!oe the introduC'tion ·of thing," aa the worke:n' repr~nt.alives w.ed to &a)·? tion. Thus think "Socialista" auclded h)' a bourthe piece-~·age. required a certain time for pre· The proletarian graduaiJ)" takes posJei.SiOn or in· geois wet nuree in childhood fifty yean after the liminan work and the impro,·ement o£ the t«hni· dui try. for the year o£ the Te'\"olution be can with experience of the Comm..une. cal equipment or the &hops ; but during June, July pride ·,·iew the put route and lo look at the in· The capit.ali11ta ma return to the faclorim and Au~ust the-e pro!>lem! were in a greater or u rnation or his alogans in ordinary practical and. mills and pull the reins harder. becau.e Ia· l~r degret- .ohed, and the factory now works life. There is much more for him t o do, bor di!ICipline and the produc-t ivity or lahor b.ne completd)' on the bases o£ piece-wage Kale,. but the most difficult hu already ~ achieved. decrea.ed. They rortet that the fall in the proTilt introduct ion 0£ piece l'I'Orlc. WU preceded by l\'o"'· e\·et)1hing is clear: the road is £ound, the ducti\'ity or lilbor is an incessant proc.:eu that wem eerious doubts on the part o£ the "·orken as well work be~ . With the greatest heroism the Ru._ on v.·itb gigantic auide~ both during Curia.m and u on that of the admini!Lration, becau.ae thry feared liian l'l'orL:er realit.ea hie economic tyt:trm or Com· Kereruk)ilm. that at the Letinnin~ the \O"ag~ or piece worken muni!'m, gradually and infallibly perfecting ita . Let .the impartial language o£ the ofDcial .ut:ia.,·ould pro,·e in~ufficient &5 a result o£ the general mechanism. Thai l'l·h ich the bourge-ois world of di~integr.1tiun cf productiun, and altO becau&e the Europe could not man.~tge, that which the Kerenlik'y tic! or the capitalist @'OVet'llJlJe:DI o£ Skoropadaky gi''e a clear af!d ahausti.-e reply to the question 811 ._- 0 rkeu, Lherrueh·e& had lost the habit of more in· band or chaHerbo:a:C5 could POl handle, tbe Ruatensi,·e labor. The workers greatly doubted the aian v.·orken are beginning to accompliab tuc:otu- iaauL aucees.s of the enterpri.!.e, particularly on account full y. The outpU1 o£ coal .nd anthracite in the Dooeta AI th,e tiple when bourgeois ~nomy of their p~y11ical exha~tion u a result of poor di!tintegrates more and more with ~''e:T)' pu.aiog buin wu shown in 1918 iD the followil!g figtl!W nUtrition ; it toeemed that the reoeral de!ire to hour, the proletarian· people'• economy d.ew:lope of milliona of pooda: etabli~~oh the piece·"·age ! )'!Item ....-as threatened by and become~ stron~." The 6nt alrudy gilu ofr January- - ---------- 80 million pooda ao ema il dangers. It wu decided U.at •t the be- the breath o£ a rolling COrptc, the 8CICOnd ia just boFebruary--------- 38 (inning. approl.imately (or about three months, the ~nning to live and to bl~m. The dead are rule! or laborJ ditoeipline "''ou ld be- applied with still clinging to thetliving, but with ~owizl« retola· M&r<b ---------- 65.7 the' nece:Mar\' l~xity. and that to Lhe tariff t.eal~ tion does the young world push down the old ooe. April -------~-- 45 there "'·ouJd be added, in caJte o£ ntlCC:Nity, pre-p'il)'• TI1e Ruuian worker no longer wanlli to lin in • May coal - - - - - - - 27 mt!r.t to indi,·idual ....-orken in ca.-n ..,·here kingdom of ghosts and ahadows, M longingly May anthraci"' - - - 20 'the }Jrice·fixing commi.Jt.11i00 found that the failure llltetches out his hands to the coming Sprin!. for June coal - --------- l2 to produce the output>required wu not a resull of e,·er breaking with the o ld ~stem., Without June anthroc:ile - - - 4 oe~dittence or lack of 5lill on the part o£ the work- compu!lion or pily h~ breda with it, leaving to er him5el£, but the result o£ the ~rral decline of the bour~is corpsa lo bury.their dead. For the railroads il became neoeuary to irat&:iency in production. It is nec~ry· lo, note be& ides the economv.:, alto port Silaian coal (hom Germany). ln July a But finall y, however, th~e £eau proved lo be the psycho lo~ical aignificanee for the worken of bourgeois geniua prop<*!~~ lo increue the ouipat .onsideraLiy exag~erated, and the output of the the n ationaliution o£ industry. From the moment o£ the Dooeu buin . . . to 18 .,j1Jin1'1• poodaworker!' lurne~ out to be completely &alisfactory, of the traru£er of induaui~ into the han& or the . a figure, lltxording lo OW' COD\-iCtiOD, jp'eatly CJ.· ao mt.n.:lt 10 thai the ahove mentioned conectiVCI'I Sr,·iet government, the worker no longn labon aggerated. The Kiev Bock of pro£eaaora and bour~ad to be applied in rare cue5 only. for the benefit of • capit.alist. but for that or the ~is, relying upon Ao.stro·GenJ'au military and While estahl i,hing .new · v.·age .calea, the latter v.·hole republic o£ prolctariam and poor pe.ua.ob. capit.ali! tic fof'C:CI, for two and a bal£ DJooth. •ere inc-~aed as compared to the rates o£ 1914 H ·before nationaliution the worker had not auffi· of ita worU. can only 11dmit the complete r!'')pt:l rtiOnatel~· to th, a\·erage exchange, with an cient .incentive to increne the in1en11ity of labor to failure of il!l economic program. However, of additional 25';;. on account of the shortening of the the point or high ef6ciency, thee, from the momeot thie apeili not only the impartial langu&«e of working day from 10 10 8 boun. 257(' on account or workrn' control, ~eryth ing chanp radically. 6guru, but the Austro-Gctm.an command ittelf. d e£ the decreaw: of labor efficienC'y as a re!!ult of llpon him now depend! the finding or raw materials whoac "'control" the eoaJ mines were placed. Not poor nulrition and ahout 1?C to lO';'ll on account and fuel. the obta,.ining of orden, the delin:ry o£ long ·alo it wfof6cially pot lo memhen of the ef n some..,·hat lowered norm eccepted for an ner· the products. the 6nau.iog of production and the peace deltgation o£ the Soviet RepublM: the fol· tige daily outpul in )91~. payment of the worken . The deep eignificantt o£ lowing question : On what cooditiona would the Thus the aocepled increaae in piece wap for reg· the No..·ember Rel·olution u it is prompted by the So't·iet Republic be willin« to aaailt them in orpn· •lar work,lowhich due most labor belongtl, &howed claas feelitlf; or the worlten, comists in nationaliu- izin8 the coal output in the DoDd!: b&&in ? To aak ibeH, aa reprd. the hourly oulpul, in an increue tion, which ia becoming toeialisation, of the whole auch a quntioD me.&lioi :0 eonfe~~ their own izD. of 50~, and in f'C!Ud to a daily output an iDacuc indu.trv. potence. But not f'nly tbe coal in~1111ry ia iD a lUte ef 35~1-. Some jobs, baring ao direct eumpiN in Th~ who daily and ai~tly •ing (tmf!l'al .ODp of complete panlyais. the entire mctaHursr of tbo 1914, were renlued anew · iD 810Cordanc:e with ihe. O't'tt lhe economM: meuo.rm or the Sorid B'J'f"er'D• South . ia al.o dead •i.nce the day or the capture of cxperimce of the daily output; in .,.,.eral (IICloriee power in Ukraine by the ad.-eatwoua tnilon wbe the above inentioPflld i.nc:re.ue. were made. ..ld lbemool... 1~ the olr.arlu of G.no.ut IIDd A-. Aa • l"'lliUit or wap calculated tbua, it ...... triaD capiJ.aliaaL proven thai the average wcek.ly pay of pleoe work· Under eonditiooa of the tti'WII!Dt l'ftolu:tioa tba TO C£LEBR IT~ T1l£ OPENlNC OF TliE en hu exceeded the daily pay by 30-160~ , au bowpoiaie ia no loDf:U upable of man~ or av~age of about 80% ; i. e., tbe aw:rap output or NL' HEA!lQUIJITERS of rec:onatruclil>fl ind.narry, wltilo the prolowiot worken during the eisftt bow work..i.D« day ia aloach day m.aloo - " ' " ' of tl.a all the fi.r-. FiiJ be PN-• h)' &Aoe ready now about equal 10 ~al prod~d in 1910 IIDdbotter. during a len hour working_day. Tbe comparlaoo Stli RUSSIAN-UKJlANIA)'i BR.UIOI FrisJ>tened. the bourpia ID the o£ sevrral teparate opcrationa bu mabled w to c.-.~ t.mdency toward tiM.~~ of labor eoatrol; di.c:O\' S' the average hourly production or )a. oN SATURDAY. MAY 17, 1919 a:tub.bom iD their• d.ire Lo overthrow tbe .,on...• bar. 1be time p.....ed aince the iDuoduction of dicutonbip, they cl... tboir .... wlum ~zspiec&-work ia n~ .ukiaat to wUTaQI. a ft.oaJ COD· "f**b of "" mer- iD tbo p~ olloloor. eluaioa o! the reaulu achieoNd, 6.1 ~. ,._ the RUSSIA~ VETrnERINKA n• s- do-··- ..u.,. �I '· An Outline of the . Communist International Adopted by the Congreaa of the Comm.:miat International in Moacow [March 1-6, 1919] which openly place& the~ o ing cl&ll in a pri'l'ilescd po5ition in IOCiet)', it n :he other hand a provilional inttitution. the r~Utance of the bourgeoilie it brolen, when it is expropriated and p-adually ndu~ to the labor tltala, the prolc:tar· ian dictatonhip ciiaappea.n, the 1lates diet out and with it claaaes n.nis.h. So-call acy, i e., bourgeois democracy, il nothin! ut the c ncealed dict.atonhip of the bour. seoisie. e much prai~ed general ' 'national will" exist• u much a. the "united people." ln reality the power, th~ di~.11rooing o f the bourgeoiaie, of the clu.ses ex_iaa-the claue:t "''ith oppo!iite, irreconcilac.ounter-re,·olutionary o!fx:en, of the \\'htte Guard; ble purvo-ce. But u the bourgeoitie iJ a amalJ and the anning of the proletariat, of the revolution· minority, it need.J this fict ion--the "national ary soldiers, of tl11~ "·orlters' Red Guard; the aboli- will" - or nice, pleuant·&ounding words to tion of all capitalist judgee and the organU.tion of llrength~ iu. dominion over lhe laboring clute~ tl11: proletarian coun ; the abolition of Lhe rule of and impote: ill "'· ill upon· the proldariat. The prothe reactionary alate officers and the creation of ne. letariat. on the contrary·, being an OYerwhelmiDg executi,·e organ~ of the proletariat. Immediately majority of the population, exerci~~oea the clau pow· after the \'ictory of the proletariat follows the diJ tt o£ ill ruu..• OrE'aniz.atiOn, of its to~·iet..s (couneila), organix.ation of the ho!ttile power, the organi.tation to aboli!h the prh·ileges of the bnurg~i.sic and to of the p roletarillD power, the destruction of the .a.Mure the tran~t ition to the communist toeiety. capi tali~l . ar.d the er!Ction of the proletarian, lt.ate The m.nin power of bourgcoia democracy liee in machinen·. Only afler the proletariat hu become the purely (?rmal declaration or ''r ights and libYictoriou; and the reo.istance of the bourgeoi!oie hu erties," ~·hich are unattainable h)' the laboring peo· been broken, can the worker• tue their former foes pie, the prolew-iatui and half.proletariW, while for the new order, place them under control, and lhe bour~eoisie utilites its material meam to deceive p-adually add to the work o! the communist con· . and ddraud the people throu@:h it!l pre!il and ill organi.z.4tion. In opposition to this the 10\•id .uw:tion. ayJtern I council sy"tem) , this new ~-pe of the SUite po"'·u, endeavon mainly to gin the proleThe proletarian 1!.ate, like every llate, i• a ma· tariat an ~Jpportuni ty to realiu iu ri@:hts and lib·. chine for suppres.r.ion. but t.hit :nachinery iJ direct- erties. The sovirt Po~:er gh·a; the lat pal&ccs, ed ajlairm tLe foe uf the working clau. lll aim it h ou!iel, printing shop!, pa~r etoch, e-tc., to ··the to bru.k the resistance of the nploiten, who ute workers for their pres~ . their rne<"t in~. their unions the power at !.heir command to I.Diothe:r the and other orftanix.ations. And only through &uch revolution in blood; ill aim it to make thil ruill- methods ,.;11 proletarian democracy be realiz.ed. Bourgt10it democracy, with iu parliamenWJ ance impouible.; the proleta.rian diiUtOTahip, IL The conquest of political power by u.e proletariat ou•.aru the annihilation of the political power of the bour£reoi11ie. TI1e yower of the bourgNiail'! lice in i~ note machinery, with iU capitalittt Ulll1 under the le.11.denhip of capitaliat-junker offioen, itA pol ice, ih prison warderu a.nd judgea, it. par· .on&, alate officer11, de. The c.onquCI!It of political power meam not qnl)· t.he ~hange of peuoru in the cabinet of mini~tt.r!', but the annihilation of the mte machinery of the foe, the conquest of tOe real an Soviet Ru~a's Red Army (Conliluml from pafC 3) 1 ''The greater part of the U,kraino it now.; in the hand! or the worl.:en an ~n~ go,·ernment of the Uluaine. And th~ will be the greatest aid to Soviet Ruas~a. h.et u1 fint consider the regimenll of the dJtectorate under Hetman Petlura. and then the troop• of the Entente. In Petlurn's ·arftly are the l.ikrainian na· tionali!its and the counter-re\·olutioniatt. in addi· t ion to 10me Gslician regime.nu. Hia troopa oever· the lt:Y ne already fairly disorgan~ and are d~ .erting to us in maMeS. Our Bolahc'' l&t He;man ~ Ll..raine i!l Rakovr.ky, formerly •err proDU.DCDt m the Rumanian S. P. ln Sebutopc1l and OdeN.a the Entente h~ ill main ba.5is of operations. They eo.·c:n have negroes there. ln UkraiDe w~ ha.e captured diatricts which have put all tosether te"f'efal million& of poods of grain intO OUT aurpJUL The ATTENTION! Memben of local a ....... Soeialiat Party. SHALL LOCAL BRONX. GO LEF'n TO DISCUSS TillS MOST lliPORT ANT QlJIS. TJON GONFRONTD<G THE MEMBERS OF LOCAL BRONX ALL GOMJlADE.' ARE URGED TO A'!TEND A MASS MEETING ON SUNDAY AFTERNOON. MAYI8tb At I o'clock At tloo FINNISH HALL; (BroD..J. Open Ho:.e O,da..l 442 Eaat lUth -~ T.k/.u..t"' ,,..un tAU~'"' llw -u,: BERTRAM WOLFE JOHN REED J.BRODSKY ~AY LOVESTONE ADJIISSIDN TR.££, P.-r, C•.U ll-.11 .. S"-- Germans obtained no more than • fraction or the ~ain they expected from Ukrafne. It wu a poor :bulation on the patriotism of other race~! '\\'hat and ~~d~~rd!~~~":·h~~e '~t ~:d~ ~!,,~%d~ great Aores. But the small farmen were crafty. u they alwayt are, they buried the grain in their fields!" Comrade Skland.M:~· lighted his fourth ci@:arette before he got throullh ~· ith Ukrain¥'e a l!i-0 "'·ent into the qut!ltion of the inner orga lion and the working methodt o£ "'Red Army.' Bu1 we mu.st pmtpoM this to another day. It ia 50 cold here in the " Iron corridor" in the fortrCM o£ the J<remJin, that J am batdiy a.nx.ioua to look a bif at the heavy miliu.ry map •Y·~ defrauda, by worcla, tbe or paticlpation in the .u.te adm.ini.ttltion. Actually the muoco a.cd thei.r organiutio01 are ~D~&IIy clepriN of the TC&l at.at.e adm.iniltratioa.. lo the aorict ey. lrm the ~ themtc:IYG a.dmio..iaer, (or t.be .,.. ' 'ieta attuct the net·increaains multitlade ol tM "'·orke:n to tLe ~ adminiltration. Only throap thi.o -'>od will the whole laboriD5 ppople' ,...ta. ally become int<reatod aDd taU .._....;.. pan Ia the adminiAtation. The .o.-iet ryAn l'8lli vpa. the ma.at orsani.s.atio'os of the proletarial. apoo 10vieta · thenuelna., upon the l"t'rolatioa.ary la.bor. uniona., coopentiwa. e1c. a.. Bour~i.o clemocroc:y md lhe poru.-a.y oyll.em aeparal< the r rom the s..t., by "'" di\·Uion o! legi.tla.tin and executi~ power, by~ tole.rat.iou oi UD.nK:allahle m&DJar.CII.. lD. the .o..;. syate:m. OD the contrary, the ri#n o( recall, d. union of the lt«l.dative and cucuti..., power, the function of lhe &o\;eta u wo~ colless, ·anit8 the maue. with ~ a.dmiJWtratiYe ors'aaa.. nu. ~;:nity U promoted at.o by the flld that UDda- tM aovid ayltem• the electio01 d:.emael"' are cc:mducted. not in accordance with utibcial territorial· diruicta, but in """"rcla.cco wi11j produc:tioo unila. 1be .oviet ty.tmn thua ~U.. true prole&aria democracy, the democroc:y lor &Dd of the prolttor· ia~ ag&in1t the bourgaoilte. 11le i.Ddomia.l pro- · IC"..ari.&t it preferred in a JeOIIe u the leaclins, b.t or,~ani.l.ed and politically ~ m.alure c - andlir • ·hi<:h thr half proletariiUU aDd amall peoOuoo gTBdu.ally &rile. lJbiJ pro"riliooaJ pi-mlC!" o( tbe indu.trial prolet.ari.at il withclnw the poorer petit·bourgcoil ~ iD the COWI'tJ'y, lroa the influ..,.,. of the Ws< _ . .. &Dd tho ba.,. geoisle.. and to orga.ni.te aDd educa&.e ~ • oe-worken in Comma..n.ilt COIIIb"1lcticm. util.Ued to which I only e:ollhU e"Yeam,, M:Di to mr (rom the All Ruuia G<neral Staff. h abowo that tba fr ont or the Red Army, drawn oontiDuoD&I)' aa.d. ~· ithout any reg.:.rd to the thin repoft.ins and patrol linea, ~pre:.ent a front -:ine or ell to~ 1.2.000 kilometcra, in other w.-:rd.s, 6ft timel u loot- • the entire eaternal illr.nd cout.line o£ Norway from Chri.tiana '" Borit@lt'fl on the Varangiaa. ' boaclary! And ihe area • ·hicb the Red Army bu WWII hsck for Ceniral Rw.sia in the tiral. feu of ita .,.. ~~~t.)·o~boU:~t~: ~=t ~;:;.~( rr N~= And now I &h21l lithl a Ru..ian cigardte. I am .. Her phyoically to 6nd aomehin!i thll will 611 the largest apace in a abort time-eYe~~ if il ia oa.ly cigarette I:IDOk.e.. A Moderate Socialist Office-Holder (C~ Q. -TdJ Ill what you apokc on---that .ocLal re'f'D-lutMJn ? fQustioo objected to by Ubel and l"'bject.ion auat.ained..l Alter he h•d testified and waa )eaTing the court buildin!. LaDucea w., anatod by the police. Coumel for de£enac objected to the ·arr~ of • wit· ness for he defense, to which Zabel gave the rol· lowing U~wer: · Zabei-U this man wu taken I don't know, be i.J not a wit.neN any more, he hu teetified and has left ,,,. ,.._ lJ eJe,-en ddmdanta a uniform IICatmce o( tweat")"fi,•e yean' imprUoD.tDent. the minimlJID ·~ be misbt have impoood upoo them bci.oti year. Before lmpoti!l« ...,""""' Juds< llockuo od. dr~ to the dc~end&nll the follo'(ing wot"dt: ' There can be: no ncu.te for yoar ictiODL Yoa Mve banded yourscb:et topt.hez- and wonb.ipped at thr J.hrine of criminal anarchy. Yoo haTe Lre. drh..k...ing from the biuer cup of poi.on wb.Xh baa led to your destruction." . tJ,., t~co~ br:m~ :~e :~~o~!:er.~~~~;~anment ele~~ Mti:.:sut:•:!~~ 'for~·~r= In reporting the a.rreet of LaDuoca, TILe ltlilti!OlJ· If« Leodu wrote aa folloWI : """'Thrft other memben o£ the locel Italian branc:h o£ the Soc:iali11. pany were: a.tn~~ted Mondlly, and the police announced that Uteraturc had been f oun~ oo their penoru that might prove of tipfi · unce." After deliberatins MrW"t.nteen minute*, the jury !oWJd the el ..en defooduto l"iJIJ' of ",A.aauh with Intent to Murder.'' . Commentins on their con'f'"ietion, TM Mil~ LH4<, ol Docembar 29th. 1917, bad the followins toaav : '1'be element which ~ to weip. molt beav· ily agai.nal the c¥endanl.l during the trial wu the fact that th~ were tuppoeed to ban bec:o mem· ben of an alleged anarchillt.! orsaniution in Bay Vo- {Milwaukee} • ·hich advocat.cd the overthrow o( the u.iati..Dt: forma of goverWDCIDI and .oeiely J»y rome." J..dp A.- C. Jlooba impoa<ld apoe tba ,. fi,·e yean, who char~ them with • criJDe,. whk:h. il wu evident, thev did not commit. and wbo broup about their con•ic:tion by brUCD illesal.it:i... by tile n leo1 aon of trickery and by inllamins tba aUado of the ......ban of the Jury apil>ot the cle!ODC!ooa by producins evidmce inlatdod to abow that tloo defc:ndaou wm MJCialiau. members of the L W. W: and anarcbioto, wu Winfred C. Zabal, Soci.oUot Dil'lrict Attorney (or Milwaukee Co.mty. h remained for the Sap...,.. Coan of 11'~ to almolt entirely UDdo the e:riJDe· apiaat ele.. • memben of tho woritlnft c1- cooamitled by Soe~.. ill Diolrict AllOI"DC)' \lhnl'red z.bal. Tho w.. consin Supreme Coun bu jut • uide tbe oott vict.ioD .ocured by Zabe.l in the c.ue of aiDe ol tbit ele\'en prit.onera, ~ of wbom he" b.. frwcl alto~ (after ha,iDg apeat em.- a,_.. ad a half in pri.60LJ) ·and two of wbom are to,.~ trial. The two whoM ooariWoa 1M S..- c. Coun c:oo.6.rmod, pordoMd. . wil~ • . _ 1-.!y,- .. ,. �The J'llew York Cooi--"t I. The Pink Terror IV. Bloody Thul1day in the 8th A. D. O N Thunday evening, juat u dusk wu deecend· . ing oD the f.ut S1de and lighu began to ap· pear in the atore windows, a number . of fug:ht Wing mem~u of the 8th A. D., grupmg .,.·hite papers firml)' in their r ight hand!, "''ere '60ell lith plot, went down lO Caai.no Hall to investigate the tn4Her. Once Wide the building they were tubjected to a cl011e ecrutiny by the retainers of the Exccuth·e Committee, It'd by Grauman, and thoec kno"'·n to be Ld1 \\ ingera were refused admittance to the meeting. Th01te who aurvi\·ed thia 6nt U· amination wtn w.hered into the hall wbc;r,e the')' were immediate!~· t-eiud by the ~«ond line of dofen.e1 led by Abe Bockerman, aliu Ahie the Agent, of the 6thd A. D., and aubjec:ted oDe by oDe, to a protracte im·e.ti@'ation u lO their political, reli8· ious Md artistic beliefs. '"Are you • member of the L:h Wirtg?" one comrade wu uk.cd. ..Do you belieTe in an orga.niz.ation within an or· ganiz.ation?" "Do you aubmit to this reorganiution ?" When he rdw.ed lo answer the!e question& he was informed that he couldn't be a m~r of :he Party unless he ans wered. Herepliedthat hehadboen a member of the Socialist Party for (oUT yean, that ~-it me•ruoa it c.al.lrd br thr [ucuti•r Coauniuee of Loc.al Krw Yurk for thr PW'JK'K of reor1a."linn1 a branch of thr 5oc ~tliat Party in thr tltb AtKmb l~· Otttrict. · For thr put month.., it wu impouiLie for Lhr membcn ~.u~t~a~:a~~~~n':.. ~fd~b~ j!~~n~~~ ':f ':a~~P ~~ Klf•hltd ·Lc:fl. \1. inlt"-' who /'aoc ..Ueaianoe to factional· compulsion to aru•·u any questioas A dilcus.sion l.hen .took place bet•·etn the members of the in\'esli· gating commillee, .ome • ·nnting to upel him from the meeting and otlters nrguin~ that he bt allo• ·ed to remain. fina lly they decided lo allow him to ltay. . al inking in the •h~tdoM's of the hou&eS tftward East 4th Sued. When a fell ow member of the Branch a pproached the)' were observed to huddle clo!ICr to the wall and hurry put with averted face5 . . The)' ::_erce•.,o1_n00thHei1r11w' ~,_•tht ~.:_reo,,r,.ga1n.iu 81 othioen·c·ommmed!~g au !! ()..~ """' &:.a "Kr. 5 ..... d of the [,;ecutiYe Committee, and the lut lingering But ahred5 of eon!toeience still troubled them. black aight, under "'·hote pall men do decch that blanch their · faces in lhe clear light of dawn, dropped dn,•tn, 11nd smothering the faint criee of c.on!ltienee, the Ring Wingen hurried on. Early the same morning a _cardully pi~ed «JO~?, of Righi Wingert had recetved the follo"'· mg ktt..... .. Dear Coturadr:'-A mMtinl of thr mrmbcn of thr ~7:~ ~d~t.p~~~~t ~~~ t;;altrlts~~:J; ~a~~~rfa:sdh:: re;!,~0n~~~;~eh~aa~a~s~~~d; 1 8 in tt;: ad~~t:~ 'E:m:~:=~f ~ f~~ _ the chai_r and announcing that the ~eetinf? wu tioo herr thnt: deltJatu rccrt,.t Utttruclinra what thcr open , called upon Beckerman to lllale It& pc.rpote. a.n: ,: do and how thcv ur to au at tbt mec-tinB• of the Beckerman announced that the Executive Commit· (eotral Commiu~. ,.-iib eYrf")' memlte:r IM>und to "Ole in tee "'·anted the names and 11ddro.see of tho!ie who thr branch ' u the leaden dirtatr; and Nery· dclcaat~ in ~tuod forth~ "reorlaniulion" r,cheme. He further ~ Ccnua.l Commine-e mutt act u thr ttt-enDI eoauwttee expl ained Uta! ther-e nam~ • ·ould be inve:5tigated ~;:; · Panr or1aniu.tion muat be frn from anr dictator- and anot.he1 meeting ca lled for tho~ who were ehip. no ma11rr in ",.htt form it manifc:~~tt ittrlf. found to be satisfacton ·--or in other • ·ords, euffi· "'Th11 mf'C'ung on T!lundar. May BLh. ia to place an or· ciently de\·oid of intelli~enre to obey without qu~ =~~~o:e~~:bt dimict fre-e from dieuton ~d from out· tion all th~ CIJmmanW of the Party bureau,cracy. ""Tbrrr it no intention of curbio& the- idtu of the com· • He contmued to the dToct that u he was not 1ure ndea. Ottcua.ton of P&nr manr:n an aJweya dc:~~irable, that all those ;1rl!$('nt "'·ere Right Wingeu, no busibut t~er~ u no room for another or1aniution whbin thr nets could he transacted. At this point aom~body or,~:tnuatton. and o_ nly tuch_ c~mradca who ur »OI mem- called attention lo lhe fa ct that the chainnan h~td ~~~~~·';:~: ~~".f.rt<~1: 1 ·0 ~iljLbr h,'J:U~t:it~ ~:. not been ela:ted. Immediate!)' Anita C. Rlock aug· bcnhip. mented Ahie'a re-mar-b f.Y .aying t11at tho!oe who . .Brina ,your Pany e&Jd with JOU, u oo onr will be ad· gne their names in "'·ould be im·estiftaled. and if ~n_mrd ••th?ul a c;.&Id. Onlr mrmbcn of t..he 8th A. D. found to be 0. K... would k im·ited to another ~.;:C:~: ·~~~~ ~:rf:~;,.~,~~od~i!dwed:~:ddd:c~:: ::;:~bh.an;n;·b:~lr:at: ·~Al~ :r:~~~: ba.,.iDI the- wrlfare of t.hr P&nJ at bean. ud who arr no1 mem.btn of thr 'Lrh Wrn&' abouJd at· tend. and help build up • lo)·al put)' branch in thr &b A.. y~ for 1 United and SolidificJ O.,;aniutinn, [JI'.Cl'Tf''t Cow wtTTULocal New York.. Sodalitt P&ny. Simult.aneous l)' the organizer of the Branch, Comrade Dauber, received lhe follo•·ing ukue: Wro,.!:'u?r~~r.A..e.mbly Oittria, / ..~h~r:'ad~~=i~;i~~ ~~!:m you 'f/., the Esctu· &M Gonuuin"' df'Cided, that in 'rlf"W of tbr iact that rour brant'h Uo aJihated and an intrpal pan of Lhe MW"..alled ru-ft ~· ina ~(lion,' an orJani.utioo wiLh.io thr pany or· aanlulion. OfJaniEed for lhr PU1"JK* to dCIItt'OJ' the p&nT or,..niulion, and contrary 10 the- deda.iont of Lo...A1 Nrw YuriL. ')'OUt branch it thc~Tfurr tutpendrd from the or1an· bation., and it oo lonccr an l.Citp-al put of Loeal Nrw yon.. .._,. mectin& of the membrn of the 8th A. D. wiD br u..lled by 1hr •ub-commin~ of the Eucuti•e Comm.in~ ~ u pnctic&blr for thr purpoec of ~r&uidn& the ..F.. tbf' E.secuti•r Com.m.ittM of Loeal Nrtr Yor\.. Sever•l L:ft Win~n. ..Juuus Cnata. .,Esecutin Sec'y." being informed of the For tJ.e F reedom•of Deba aDd aU otl.er Politic:al ~n.-.n ~~e~aif.P~~~~; :~he~Yof:~ ~t:at 0~~c:t meeting. Comrade Sehneidtr, • ·ho is not a member of the Left "/ing. made a.n .objection to thi!. procedure. and moved that the Int!ld.inf!: lilart reor~B~ization ri~t away and for that purpose that a chalftllan be 1m· mediate!~· elected aod the meetinp: proceed to busi· ne-M. Beckerman to ld the chainnan that thi! mo· tion was out of order and the scmi~omrade from the 2ht /\.. D. ruled accor dingly. Schneide-r ap· TO BEHELD FRIDAY, MAY 16th 1919 At BROM'NSVILLE LABOR LYCEUM 219-2Z7 Sackm3n Street, Brooklyn, N . Y . S~m Ia Eqlialu M. ZUCKER H. WATON BERT WOLFE N. HOURWICH,RawUm. ~F-11 tim. A motion W8! made to dieregard the .-.:lion or the Executh-c Com.rnitt.ce and proceed to carry on the ordina.ry business of the Branch u heretofore. ~~~~ ::S~~'%~~~~:Po'f~:oi:~~~ ~= mittee. After ..orne diacw.sion, dUTin~ which the mern.bers • ·ho had been .attending the '"oorganin· tion" fiasco came in, the motion .,.... carried unan.i· m oU.!'i l)'. Two reportere from Tlu! Sociolilt, the orga.n of the Pink TenQI, Berenberg and Tuvim. wer-D pre5ent dUring the meeting. and were obeervecf ta.k· ing copious nott:t~ which will doubtleea appear ia the next iaaue, jf the publication U able to .w-ri.-e the publication of Waldman'a apeech. Thu• ended Bloody Thunday. The f.lot for tbe political Lutchery of the 8th A. D. fU:z. cd out, and 8CX:Ording to the latest adrioea the £ucutiYC Co~ mittee was gathered in Gerber•• o8ice W'flq)ing bit· lerly over the twelve pitiful D&mee which repr&.ented what wa• to have bf.en a new and obeclieat Branch. Our .utittician Compulc:e th•t Lakin~~: iDto account the deposit paid on the furniture •an. v.·hich wu hel~ in readinel.a, U1e price of Cvino Hall . and the hire of meroenariee, beeidce the tip to the cop on the heat, each name COlt the comr ades of Local New York over SlO, to uy aoc.h.ina: of the COil of the cellar when the plot wu batchoc[ ASSEMBLY . DISTRICI' srH T~ Conf~rence o_/.llu! Rw1itJn re11olution.tll"y Sociali.Jt or~•rU=.al ioru of N~ru )'orlr and vicinilr ctdlJ' you too MASS MEETING WEDl\E5D .~Y . MAY 2 1st. 1919 At MANHA1TAN LYCEUM 66 East 4th Street Co...-.doo: 'IDe Joiat Diatrict c-..n. tee of tJ.e 8th Aaaembly Diatrict bo.a call· eel for • Special Medi"'l of all 8th A. D• branct...- Thurado,, Ma, Z2ad, a P.M. at B"""'b H•dqaarten, lZZ s.c.-t A1-rtant ""'".... will be ............ ToE )orPJT Dlsn.Jcr CoiiKI'TJ"D.. BENJ. LIFSHITZ. Or&Miur SPEAKERS N. Hoarwicb P. Celibter Jolm Reed Eadmoom MacAipiDe COM£ AT 8 P. M . - AD.41/SSION FREE HEAR YE I HEAR YE I HEAR YE I .... I..o.... yoar belta md rc ...dy! HALL TO RENT 43 WEST 29th STREET, NEW YORK LICHT, CLEAJif, AIRY HALL SEATJNC OVER 1M PEOPLE :rbebi«d.yil~ • Tinu , ERAL DAYS AND EVENING! DURING ntE W£EIC. 11 11 MODERATE CHARCE! TO LABOR UNIONS. a 11 Apply to JAMES DUNLAVEY, Car. . .r. • Sobznla! E~; ~ 17tb, 1919. Pl..., 8th A. B. Bnach s.......IA- a-a..: CAN BE REHTED FO.R SEV- P. CELIBTER, Yiolclialo C 0 ME A r 8 P. M. SHARP r:;il:'~: :c~~~=-.:~~:;n&:~ ~Al~ men from deviating from the path& or duty. pointed out that u tht::re ·wue no records nothin~~: coa.Jd be recorded. h wu then decided by the E=utrre CommJo. tee'• merceoaric:e that ooly question~ Wen in order. A.kcd whether "'"Y member of the Socialiat Party, aot a member of the L:h Wing, would be permitted to joint t11e new Branch no mattc:r what I:W or b« kliefs, Bed.:ennan a.nawered in the alirmati't"e. Whereupon he w·.-. asked how hi. aniwer aqua.recl with Anita C. Block'• at.atcment, hut thia be reiu.od to answer on the ground that he did nol want to ep. ter into a pcnonal dacua.ion. He then declored the mooring ~djournod. It Ia a:.:thoritatively ltatf"<< that the net resulll of the meeting were about twelve namee and acl.dn.e.. Waldman claims 71, but hia lmowled«e of the facll' douhtJese equala hi& knowledge of Soeiali.am. \l;'hile thi& .erio~omic meeting l.-as going on. the m.tljority of the memben of the Branch were at· tending the regular Branch meeting in the head· qunrters, which waa •till intact dwing to the fact that a guard bad h«:n formed to protcct the fUf'D.i. lure from AM.cmhlrmen and Alder-men with • pmchallt for pilfering. Under a special order of bu..aineu, Gerber'• letter to the organiu:r wu tak.at up For tJ.e F roedom of Deba aad aU other ,Politic:a.! PNooer. TN Con/ttr~Kt of rllr R.wi.an R~Mry Socialill or-otWtuioiU o/ ·"'tv l'ork onJ t.U"iiW'y, IOJt rlur ...UA tAt 4-IA RIIWW. BrucA 5. P. e»lb j.., Ul • MASS MEETING pealed from the dec:i.ion of the chair bur. Bcda-man aga.in instructed that no •ppeala were lD ordet lllld the chair 10 ruled. Schneider proteJtcd UU. decision and aeveral comrades demanded that the ~ 1.22 Gel~~ .'"'"!Y. '"!"". .• ~~-u.s. o i o P I . Pnotty pia ~ -SI'E,ilt.ll._SE.A.5'ntAJIC REED llacALPIME llcBRJDE JOS. BROIJSI(Y, T - QH YF.S!:...IDA~I~I~~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New York Communist, 1919-05-15 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- Periodicals. Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-05-15 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .N35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-NewYorkCommunist_v01n05_19190515 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-13 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v01n05 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 8 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States New York Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. A Moderate Socialist Office-Holder Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. New York Communist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/e8eaf0313567423b6be1869fe2978565.pdf 4907ef31d2eb3f76b79d6649003c873f PDF Text Text 75he New York COMMUNIST New York, Thursday, Ma~ 8, 1919 VoL I, No.4 M"' "'" "' ' ' " ~'~'~ ••~'~'~~~~'' ,~t~a.::,,?~:,.~,, rrl•irlh of nalur•· :tfkr !he tlt,·uy nf w inlc r . ha" ··mm· 1111d ,..;nrw :md l.altor ••otn:t .. il-l 1-Urc.... j\ cvc r wa~ :-udt 11 \ l.ty Day; 11ftcr fivt! p·ar:- of h idcnu:- wi utcr. life a gain ltcgan tu loud. a n.! l.ulmr l- Price 5 cents crwd •_n tu h )':-lctw.!-. I he Baud sehoul }''a~ im•mlcd c;trl y Ill the nh crnuon br II guug of ruwtlic-., Ludgt..'S wen: turn from !he women's clulhcs an\-1 men '~'ere mmlc tn ki5s lire Ame rican nug, fo r whi! lr the gang- '" fganizcd JM.lwcr !here is snfcty'! The wo rker:. uf Eng laud pa raded tllrOuMh !he strt"Ch. of Enf:; li:-h cities ami nowhere is there 11 rcc· m urchctl itt ming led hu pc ;nul ~h;um?. In the cnrs of the ma rc her:-. man:hing to tlcmun::tratc thei r ~ulitlarity with the ir brothers 1uul sisters of nil buds. rang the t-clw t1f the c ry frnm the millio ns of ruttiug corp~e- 1111 the "nr to rn f,cJ J s o f Eu · r ope: " Yo ur lack nf :on lid;1rity scatte red us here!" And hct:ame J.nho r n ..-c.:o~nized the justiCe of the c r y it marched wit h unC\'en trend. hut bccnuse it determined tlull ·past sh nme sh ou ld not blo t o ut £u- o nl of ,·io_lcncc uguinst them. Through the fa~h­ :<ten. profes:-.cd n g reat reverence. Thb mo b the n io nnLic quarters of Lo ndon the Socia li!:t ;uul l.u!Jo r _ma rc hed to the new building of Th e Ne1i.J York mo\'Cmcnts paraded h'it)l banners voicing their one· Call. where a group of pcor)l~ were I oking O\'Cr ness with their bro thers iu industry cv~rvwherc the pla nt. The premises were in\.ndc nm.l a fte r nnJ crying the ir protcst · nguin.H . capitnli!<t ~yrann; beating the men. \\'o men nnd c hildren resent , tl,e to the wo rld, l!ul no one mo,·ed a ha nd ni;a inst moh proceed ed to wreck the building. lOve r" thirty the m. , In lre ln1_1d, under the buyoncts of nn pe rso ns Wf're sent tO hospitnls ns n r1suh of the a lien power, the worker~ <ledured 11 genera l r a id. Mino r incidents o f the snme ch, racter we re ·strike witltout mo lesta tio n·. In FrntlCC the gcncrnlthro ugho ut the c ity until la tent r is ht. . . oct io n of the police resulted in protracted ture hope Labor morched , tho ug h its tread wns un· even. Throughout the length and breadth of the luncl Socialibts nnd radicnl labo r unio ns set out in peaceful protest ugainst the thousa nd wrongs inhc rcnt in cnpit:1li~t socict)', a nd in pena nce £o r Lhe1r own we..Ju-t~.. In protest a~airut !.he "'ho le-air 5lau@:hter of their co mraJI!lll throuf!:h the lo nF ~-ear, of ... a:. a,;ainst the continued daughter of t11eir comrade' in HuN:ia, R.£aiaJt the impritto n· ment of Lheir comrad~ and r.polr.t:ftmen in thia c o untr;.· ; an'd in penance that they allow th~ thin~ to bf... And e\·erywhere the- peaceful varad~ were IM1 "'· ith FUll!! and bludgeons.. Or,aniz..ed bandtt of M)ldien ai,d uilor.; 1.et u pon the una rmed ma rch ers. lo re the flags and emble ms The who le nfTnir, in it\ bronder aspb:ts . cnn be fi ghting a nd the injuries resulting were not c redited to the go"cnmfntnl forces. \ The mobs nil o n one s ide. Since the riot tJ1e press hns we re dcliberntc l)' infla med ngninst tJ,f Socialists condemned the nulhoriti~ nnd go\'ernmentnl acond la bor groups. On the C\'e of May Day tJ1e tio n is pending against the po lice. Even the newS(lnpers cnrricd fl a ring headlines 0 1 thc disco\•. America~ press, which acts ngUinst the Labor cr y o r n ' ' natio n-wide bomb plot" ltich \hey Socialists . mo \•cmcnls here, takes 1the s ide of the o penly cha rged to the Socia list and ~bar mo\'e. E uropean marchers. And the reason is that the rnc nts, altho ugh up to the j)rescnt time not1 thCt European movemeota have ~ powcr. They .re «· ~to r.u~p~rt @:anited for -their own prol«lioa ud uy· . . _ . il 1ili@:htet-t n ·idenu Ju,. bttn · produccd the charr- .o\.t no oihcr time would e dit.covrry followed' with awilt retribut.ioa. of •u~h a plor- a plot in "'·hich u fu a can be a•· A duplication in En! I&Dd or the ~ ·· oenamed on acceptable f:\·ide~ nob r • ·as .eri- throu@:hout America lui ~1 Day would b.n. r. ou...ty hurt- bt: accompanied "·ith the ~ amount. 1uhed in 11wift and .h.aip raai.aanoe, ·if Dot ope rw. of publicity. The "'·ho le nto.,.·apa~r campaign wu . ol ution, therefore the ~lilh roYCI'11JIISit •• a direct inciteme:t.t to mob Yiolence. careful that no "bomb plob were cli.c::ow:red Cong ressmen and senato rs ha ve s inctseizcd o n the · eve · of u' ·In)' Dn. Y on d thnl n o gn ngs - o f ~o ~~\ 1ers fro m their ha nds, bent men nnd wo me n nlike into inse nsibi lity, rnidcd the ha lls where meetings we re in progress nnd wrecked th~ buildings, built nfte r lo ng yenrs of patient effort and sclf-sncrific ing de· the occurfc nccs to nnnounce that ne w In '!l directed against the Socia list a nd labor mo\'ements must he rra med , nnd the Mayor of ~ne of ~he lar gest Americnn c ities, i\lnyor H anson ·o r sf:attle, h as nnd sailors were o r'gnnized fo r tJre purpose of dis· lurbing the pnradcs. The occurre nces in Uris country a rc directly traceable to the spirit o r pogrom fostered by' the votio n. Where the police did n~t ncti,•Ciy cngnge in the attncks upo n Socia lists und unio nists, they stood idly hy encourag ing the u b lnck hundreds' ' by the ir inaction nnd, in sOme pluces, o pe n npprovnl. In C levela nd the " riot" st~1rted when two a rmy offi· cers nssnulted some so ldiers who were ma rching with the Soc ia lists. Re:schting the ntlnek the p nr adc rs hit back and immediately called down upon the heads o r their women and child ren the blo ws of the po lice, who were :1pparentl y a mbushed (or just such a n o ppo rtunity. The d ctcrmiuntio n of the ma rchers to protect themse lveS os best they cou ld with the ir n nkct.l h ands bro ug ht into nctio n ta nks i; a nd rc\'OI\"c rs with the result that two persons were ' killed und St:o res injure•!. \Vho le:..n le arrests of t1te Socia lists, foll o wed by hea vy sentence.~, stamped the a1)prontl of o rganized " justice" upu n the nets of the ·nttnckc rs. In Bosto n the po lice took tlre initia ti\'e and set upon the marchers with club a nd gun because they ha d the temerit y to insist UJ)Oil parading thro ugh the streets they, thcrnse l"es, hod built w ith their s!:lve lnbor. \Vhc n the attack wns res isted the mob joined with 1hc po lice and unmerci full y beat the paradcrs. fo llowing which 116 pcr~ons were nr· rested a nd nrc :tt pre~ent held in hen''Y ba il.. In New York. where the SOc ia list a nd labor groups merel y a ttempted to ..Jwld meetings, g:.mgs of so ldiers and sa il o rs irwadcd \·a rious Soc ia l is! buildings :md attacked those present while the po· lice stood supinely looking o n. i\len were beaten into unconscio usness. h·o men brutally asst~ultcd, taken the o pportunity to nd,·ocnte the !ran g ing of membe rs of the 1. W. W. Nowhere has he go,·c rn· mc nt intervened to cliscournge the rcpcti ion or this mo b violence" None of the rioters ha e been nr· rested, while hundreds o £ the pnrndcrs huvc been se ized ond thro wn into jail. All the ~gencies of public it y h nvc grnsped the OJlJlOrtunity 0 cnll for further repressive measures ngniust So';fn lis rn nnd the t,'Tel~t body of the people ha\'e by their silence seconded these a ppea ls nml vindica ted he actions of the mobs. 1 Oct:u rrcnces of this nature nrc not upknOwn 10 the labor a mi ocin list mo,·en)enb!. 'I IC histo ry of the past decade in Europe is red with such stories unci tod ay the history of Europe is fl aming with tht! record o f the reactions of 11 peOJ)Ie's musses to such inc ident~. J::uro penn lnl>pr has ons wcred such treatment with o rgnni7.cd elor1 C\'er y· where a nd in ma n y places with open re •oh. Hussin, Hung:try a mi Bnvnria h nvc swept he syste m r esponsible for such o utrnges out o f existence. The dic tatorship of the pro leta ria t is the an· swer to repression. . Whnt nrc the American Soc ia list nnd labor mo \'e· rncnts to learn fro m the sto ry of lnst May Dny? Are the)' to learn thnt lobar must bend its buck in dumb submission to no maHer what tyranny? Are they to lenrn to ba re their heads to tJre clubs of Orq nnizcd \•iolence ond to submit their Ibodies to the will of pre judiced courts to the end~ thnt the ir so res mil)' heal behind priso n h nrs ? Or nrc they to learn the lesso n that their European brothers prostitute press in suggesting that the radical mo\·emcnt is nbout to resort· to tCrrorism ; bo mb throwing, nssnssinotio n, one! mo b vio lence ; the fact thnt the nutho ritics ttllo w, a nd in ma ny plnces e '•en . encournge the o rganization of irrespons ible groups for the express purpose of intimidating nnd terror· izing the worke rs ; nnd the psycho logy of submis· s ion aentcf in the Socia list and Ln bo r mo,·cments thro ugh the ir o rgans o £ public it)' a nd •the nd\'ice of the ir " lenders.'' The three o r four ' hundred a l· lcgcd soldiers nnd sailors, who take ;efugc in their unifo rms. could not successfully interfe re with 1111)' duly o rganizetl meeting o r pnra de exce pt with the conni,•nncc nnd approva l of the police a nd judic inl a uthorities, who a re oiH·io uslv do minated by the powerfu l mone)·ed interests of .titc countr)', and ' the fnct thnt the doctr ine of subrni:-sion which has been preuched by the mis lendc rs of the radical mqvcrnent has de\•itnlizcd tlte spirit o r the ra nk nnd fi le. . The Ame rican Labor a nd Socia list hto,·c me nts hn\'e hnd ample wa rning of wluH , thc)' mar. expect in the future-and to the intelligent "forewa rned is fo rea rmed . " The or~l y method by which thc1 wo rk· ers con safeg uurd themse h ·cs is the ir own orgnn· izntion. We expect no thing fro m the nuthoruies . except the kind of treatment we received o.n Ma)' Dlt)'· \li'c nsk nothing fro rn the ca\)itnlist stnte. Its \'Cry violntion of its o wn h )•pocritic11.l princ iples is' wo nderful pro paganda ' ·fo r rcvolutio nnr )' S~inl· ism. ~ The wo rkers nrc getting tired of dumb ll'u bmis· s io n to inexcusohlc hrut:tlity. and I f "~rkers' - j �The New York Communiat 2 5h• New York COM.M UNIST Official Org1m of the Left Wing Section, Socialiat Pa rty Own ed and Controlled by Local Greater New York Editor j o n N lh :t:n A$.sociate EcliJor EAUM O:"N. :\I M "I\I.l'I NE . n,l$incs.s Manager M AXUIII. IAN Com::'\ : f:dilo rial Board N. I. ~ 1. Zut~ K r.n 1-IOUIIWIC II n. 0 . Wou·t J. WtLENK I N Publi•hed E very Week. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Yeur ------------------------83.00 6 ~l ouths ------------------ ---- 1.50 3 Months ------------------- - - - .75 S ingle Copies, 5 Ceni.S Bund le Orders of 10 or over, 3}'S Cents n Copy. 43 We•t 29th Street - - - . New York City The Golden Ruin of Capitalism c APITAL.ISi\1 in America is ! mOthering beneath its pil~ of gold. Gold from a ll the world bas poured into the country in unccusing streams since 1914. Europe has gi\'en gold for food, for mu· nit ions of war, for clothing, for c red it. And Europe is dest itute a like of gold and c redit today. So des· perate is the condition of the Allied Po we rs that Ita ly is admitted ly bankrupt. F ra nce cannot secure n loau uulcss it is under written b y Amer ica nnd [njila.nd . nnd [nJ!Iatnd. until th~ "'ar lh~ U!!Ufef of tl1~ ~n i J . I,;, .. been rrduet"d to m akm~ co n~ 110n!l to ~panL'h tud~ in coruiderat ion of S pain' lendm~ h~ r a paltry 175.000,000. Amer ica. i~ r K:h "'· itl1 th~ blood-money o! a de· va.'\l.ed "' Cltlt!. So rir h that .be i~ •mothering. f\o countr )· can Lu,· hrr p roduru. Mill!-. factorie&, work.!hul'" are d~ i flF down all over the country. TI1e most desper ate r fforts ar e be ing made by un· p recedcntell ad\'ertising campaigns to sell e \'Cr ·nc· c umu lntirlg 'stocks of commod ities. But goods of a ll sorts Jl ilc up upon n !iuffocating country. Americn hns lnst the ma rkets of Euste rn Europe bccn\J:<e of re\'olution!l. E' ·ery other market in the world is too po•n to buy, und in self-defen,.se the greatest o.f the m luwe proclaimed embargoes. The c red it sy~ll!m. the life of trude, has collaJJSecl in the nhscnl'c nf a has is for c rt'tlit. And according to the glmlmy fort.'t::l"t h )' F red I. Kent, \ i icc P resi· de nt ,Jf tilt' lla nkers Trust Compa ny of New York. i\mericn mu, t ~n on nccumula ting surplus gold . f rom its fore igu cred its at the r ntc of $ 1,000,000,· 000 a year! CttJlitn l i~m i" ru ineil in Americ u by its pi les of . golcl. Our Position Regarding May Day TilE brutnl of uniformt.-d mobs nttucks UJuln Socia lists un Mny Oay were not wholl )' une~ J ICCtcd . T ht."l"C demon ~t r:~ t ion :; were delibcrntcly organized hy the sinister rcnct i(lnnr ies re pre.o;e nt ing ln\dt•:o:o plutocr nc)'· and represented the hcginning of 1111 ofTensh·e against " Bol!:he \•ism.'' With the innocent !'ufTercrs frfl m these outrngcs we hn\'C the prof oumle~t sympathy. and we shnre with the m the ir r:-t~c mul horror. Howc,·cr. i!' it not one of. the i ron it.~ of fate that by fa r the greater 11111Uhcr or thm:c nttrH'kccl were not Bol.she \·iki nt nil. but those who helic\'e thnt Sociulism t·nn he adliC\'I'd by l'eucenble and order· · ly " legal'' mcthml-,? When we consider this fnct. ,. it is perft.-ctl )' understnndahle thr~t the Call should th reaten to sue the city for dnmnges, a nd Jemund "police prntoct ion" for Socinlist meetings und demonstrntions. Ne,·erthc iess, that . i11 not uur Left Wing posit inn n.•co~; 1 tizc thnt th is is the Jlcriod of the ,Sot:inl He,·olut inn. and that llll f \'a rious Fcdf'r:d nml Munic ipnl Co\'ernulcnts . wh irh nrc gett in~ reml)' io outlnw r ,·cn ' 'legal" Socia lism . hm·C in f:tct nl· re:Hiy out lnwetl it. ;md tlo uot iutend to p rutet·t Socin l i~t:-~ of l lfl )' stripe from the fun • o f the Black Hundreds nnd their White Terror. . The Telescope We We know th nt the dnrk clouds :1ro lowering niJo,·e uur t'ttU::c, 1111d 11·e W('lenmc the t•ominJ:; o f tlwt t ime wl1en it ~h n ll be clen rl y H.'t'n by the workinf!:-c lnss tha t its :m lvnt ion i~ in its own hands. · We mu:-t Le ~o strong by urxt May Oay that these Da rk Force:: sha ll noJ dare to ntt tu:k us -or if th e~· do. th:tt they know we shall Lc pre,,aretl to defend ourselvc:ii with · someth ing better thnn luw· !'uits. (.., All honor to the Comrades who dored to re· s ist ! The Emergency Convention its first issue Th e the or gnn of the re· I Nnctiona r )' rnnch ine in Locn l New York, urges Socitrli~t . the P a rty me mbe rship to support the call for n Nationa l Emergency Con\'Cnt ion which i!< a t p resent hefore the Pari)' for refere ndum \'Ole. This cnll wns initintcd by tho Left W ing immediately the a rmist ice was signed, though some time e lnpsed before the proper mach iner y wns set in motion, nnd h as been strenuously fought by the Rights up to U1e preseut t ime. \ The chnuge o f henri wl~ .;:ch The Socinli~l note would seem to indicate we uld the refore be welcome if it was ins11ired br h~nest con\'iction, but benr ing in mind wh at ha pp<.: ed nt St. Louis, when the " leaders" nppa re nth ' fel ~ in line with the wishes . of the .me mbersh ip a nd stiTrjuently \'iolnted all tht pri nciJJl~ of thr St. Loui• rh<llution, it u ·~11 to 80tk for the jol..er in the p r~t R i~h t \'r inr at· titude. In tht 6nt p lace th i.• . n~w attituM it a confirmation, if confi rmation waa oecded. of the Left v;· in~ content ion that the rank and 61e or the Palfy 1Und for re,·olut ionary Socia liam and *'ant s uch n.con\'cntion t or the p urpose o f clarifying the Pa rty's position: In the second place it ind icates thnt the .. lenders". nrc up to the ir o ld gnm~-appar· e ntly accepting the will of the membership while r elying upon the ir contr ol of the Part)' machiner y to carry out their own purposes. T he big is..r;;ue her"Orc the P nrty at the pr esent mo· rnent is: Which lntCfnationnF T he Pnrt)' offic ia l<lorn h as a lready decl ured itself by 'accepting Hn)'$· mans' im·itation to pnrt ic ipnt» in the reactiona r y Second lntcrnnt iona l a nd illcgnlly nppointing dele· gates to thnt body. Finding, h owC\'Cr. that the sen· t imc nt nf the mc mhersbi p is O\·erwhe lminglr OJ>· posed to a ny coope ra tion with the Sche ide mnnn· Huysmnns·Brnnting cl ique. mul be ing sa\'ecl from the d isgrace of actua l p nrtic ipnt ion in the Berne Congress by the de lay in o btaining p assp.orts, the Pa rt r bure:mcrncy now pretends thnt it is anxious to ha\'e n conve ntion where the matter may be fully d i!<eusscd , nnd so hopes to rega in the confidence of the rm~nnd fi le to the end tha t it Ill:\)' clominate s uch con\'ent ion. T he attempts in N1:w York to d isfranch ise the Left Wing through "reorganizat ion'' schemes. a nd the New York Stnt.e Comm ittee rC:-tOiution call ing for the e~pul::ion of Left \1;1ing Br.mches a nd Lo· cals. through wh ich it is hoped to suspend the re\'o· lutiomtr.)' ~ection of the me mbershi p wh ile the \'Ot· iug for dclcgat\.."5 to the com'ention is tnk~1 g p lace nrc :1 pa rt of the genern l p lnn to controlthc'c;.gming COII\'Cnt ion. It is vitally necessary tha t the re\'olutionnry sec· tion of the Pnrt y be on its guard against these at. te mpts and !'CCS to it th nt the delegates to the Emcr~r.ncy Nationa l Con\'ent ion sh a ll be men a nd women who will once nnd for a ll se\'e r our P nrty's relation<> with the gang of bour geois thugs wl10 nrc at pre::ent di::grncing the nnme of Socialism in Eu· rope. }T i ~ n •a ll y :-urpri,;iug huw tttur·h ,..,lilt: pr•oph· h•:· lie\'C in :1 pltr:t!"t'- :trtl'r a ll thi .. t inw tlu· !:hi· np jtt'alin,.: to tlu:· " II. JHtinl:~. " IICSI' ~ t rt• \Vc a rc p lc:l:"l.'d to lu• a hlt• to ;unlnttrtt'L' that The SnrialiM, tltt! nffi,·ia l nr,.:an uf tlu· l'ink T.·rr.. r, hns :11 la,.t made it!" appcaraucc. It i..; :m xiuu!O l u kunw wltt·n· tl u• l.t·ft \\' in~ gt ·t ~ ii!O uwncr. We ean wel l imagi m· that the pn·scm·c of a ny moui.-y twcr whit·lt the Bird •t Win,.: h.•, 110 contro l i:o a ::ource of cun,.idcruldt: lllll1o)' :•m·1· to many Comrades. The editors uf T h..: Socit~li~t ure not 11 \ 'Cf)' well in for rne~ bunc h. to judge L)' their IIIIJlCr. They nrc contmually nsk ing q uestions. We lu: iug gen· er ous of our store of knowledge would like tu put the m on the r ight track. Tlms we wou lcl re pl y to the question : " How IUiut )' of the ra nk nnd fi le wil l be foo led?" by say ing thnt we don't know the e~nct number but thut the steady g rowth of the Left W ing seems to indicate tha t the numhc r is da il )· diminish ing. "Where then is the Hight Wing of wh ich the self-styled Left talks ~o much ?" is somcwhnt o f a poser to us ns we have not yet pcrfL'C ted our spy system. Uut we would h nzard n guess: In the soup. We must congra tu la te The Sociuli~t on one dis· covcry nt least. We arc informed tha t " Hulc or ruin'' is our p olicy a nd we are g lad to know fro m t.hi!> a uthorati,·e M>u.n:t tha t the rule of the Right W in ~ is r u in . We admit it ia. And a.a we behoe . in u n i t ~· we wou ld a u~gett tha t the o&ic.UI p olicy of lhe R ;~hl be knowt~ u Rule <md Ruin. For the more lurid t.ac1ie~ of the Right Wins aee our apecia l yellow t upple:rnent, T~ Sociol..W. "Wlt~ is the r nnk a nd fil e?" asks The Sociali~t. \"l'e nrc stumped,, we don' t know who they is. \l;1e h a\'c been in formed tltnt eh a rSes h a\'e not been p refe rred against Gitlow ns reported in · our last issue. We nrc in"est ignting the matter a nd hope to h ave Gitlow a rra igned before the Left Wi ng to expla in whr the Right.s h ave not prefer~ed ch a rges ngninsi him. The " bomb p lot" hnving now sen •ed its pur pose is bucked off the front p ngC a nd a lth ough th e re are now no bombs in the Post Office, it is hinted that the usua l number of boobs still fill execut ive cltairs . It seems stra nge to us that the Pence Conference should be he l1d on Ute hnnks of Ute Seine. .• . Standing lfeadline : Peace Ready For Signatures Enrly Ncxl Week. Th e Rebel Worker repr ints the following under the head, "Socinlist ~d ucat ion": · "'Orgrmizer Valent ine Ba usch re ported th at n night worke rs' b ranch had bee n organized, but tha t the Socia list F:ducationa l C lub will not a llow the Lrnnch to meet in the club because its members 'do not bcfong to the Amc.ricnn Federation · o f Lnbor , but to a n independent organ izntion.'- M inutes of Hudson County ~N.J .) Committee, Socia list Party, N.' Y. Call, AprH 18, 1919." We would l ike to amend The Rebel Worker head. line-l\lodernte Socia list Education. I I . �The N~w York Coamnmiat J Eugene V. Debs' Position 1i 0 U L U N C 0 N· the Wing hu peni!tenLly uaed his name to support all their ac· tiona. QL'"t.RABL!"- IU~t The ve-t Ion lor humaniry which ;. the kcr· note of Drehe' n'• · ture, and which inldl iDnritahly be the counter· part of a pu· s.ion.atc hatred against the ey .. which op· preaaea the t= worker~. hu been u.oed to repreec:nt him u an apol ogUt for the comprollliaing at· titude ' ••umed by the pia<» inmt..in8, !"'ling, 't'Ol~ Jel!er· li.beralt who have too Jons controlled 10nian He.-ilh publioh hio It<· ter to Roee Potor Stoke., whieh abe recei't'ed wi1hlD tho lut Un· lilto tho .Uopl letten quot"ed ~aan.t ua by our Sebei demanD~ , r- daya. but De't'el" ·t pro· ducod, thia lot= M u a!Uhoutivc ', md an.oHcit.ed d~ ad pr.,._ tMt DOW • .... Doho ;. true to tho prilleipW. ODd leOchiDp of thor. - - ' Dol>o f""" · tho Party iD tboir iDrilotiOII to tho ~ olci&lclom of - Party 11Unll--'- - �' The New York Conurnmiat Why Political Democracy Must Go By John Reed I ., country u in the hAnda o r the gt"flllt aggrega tion. o( capita.!. 0DERATE "Socialism"- Menaherum Thu~ proceN of concentiM tion of wealth into U1e night Wm flisrn-i:~ b&:toed l a r g~l>· on the theory· Lhar the claM PltU~ fZ ie - ·ill be wo n by c aplur · hand.• of the few .bcf!an dur ing the Ch·il War, ing the r olit ica l J'O "''I"'t throu~ the ballot -bos- wht"n t.he mllnulact urera of munition!! of war , the th.at ~roUf!h & prtiC"C.!l of paduaJ , OtcJ t:rJ)' pt og - pun·e~· o r ! of pr lwisi o n~. and Ut-: f )l<CC'Ulat o r ~ pi l«< up co lo,a l fonunos. Thi , " ' U the 1l('riod "·hen t"'eM, the eln-t ion of candida ! ~ to office and the pall· J. P . Mo rp:-an l11id , tile fo und t~ ti o n s of h i& riches N~ of J.oda l rrform l egi~ l,& t io n, c~tp it.alism • ·ill p o""' weakn- anJ weaker, and th e Corut itution will Ur .cllinp:- d cfec-:i~~ rifire to the Go' ·CTTimenl . and ~ amendrd mt o a chartrr of the Coo per&IJve Co m- J o hn U ' an 11 mal:~ h)' p ro,·irlmg iUJodd,- unifornJ.S fo-r the lini on tr oops. The O oa t in ~ of GovCTnment monwe.ah.h, ':! t l.lf' peacr.ahl y abo liMed. Tiu~· modern capitA II~ .. tate, ln the word s of Man , Wa.r Lon.ru, a l! o, hro u,ht int o th e h an& of a fey,· i.e .. noth 1ng k .u than o ffUJ.Chin' .for 1M oppr .. u i.on hunker ~ on immenN: fin ancial power. lmme:diatel y oj O M dtuJ by orwtlu-r , on.c/ tluJJ not leJJ 10 in o aftu tltt \\'ar, the looting of the S<•ut.h, the e1pM· aion of indu5try , the gird ling of the continent ..·it.h ckmocroJic rl"pu'bl~e thnn undtr o monorch_ ' - .. uilroads. the "poli11tion of natura l I"C!IOU rce!, and Th is p ropo!'ition waJo the r ock u pon - ·hich the tlte 11J)eculation in land . a.uum ed \'a!lt proro rti oDs, ~t~eond lntern:"' tionol ~p lit at tJ~e bej!umin~t of the and h«omt g la rmttl )· 1\j.tparrnt to the petit hour · Eu.t O))Ufi "'' at. Ttw d o mina nt Mo derute "Social· geoi5i~the ama ll prc.pcrt~· hulde u . i.!t~> ·· of .:II ro untn~ ~oooner . or later embraced the Thi!i cl:.!is then c o n~i.ted I Rr~el)' of farmeno. Tite form •1l a tl1ot '' po l11 ical democ racy i~ benet th an t eAt of U1t' po..,u lation, "h en h ard -pre>!'Cd, co uld autocu c~ In Ger m,my the M a j o r i l~ Socilll ft1Yt· a ~· 5 lt:dVe the ci ti e!t and p:-o out o n thL :nuflure· OemOC' ratic luden; to ld their foiJ o y,·ers , "RuJJUJ It s ~ frt'OC: land! of the "' e!il. · So the fi r!'t re,·oh Uvt:.aU ru • frn' Gnm.any. il ' ~ rnuJt m obilut o r the emnll l't o per1~- holden ... 85 ·~ain st land&l-OUUI TJori.J nl ." lr1 r ranre [ng:land and ll d l)", loLohnfl. and culmmate:d ~dt1 port ia! •u«:eu in t.hrW y Mid "lJrJt:.nd ' lh mocra.ry' a&aiTLJI ow:ocro · H omt:"lt'od La-..·. ry . Grrman mliuorUm •hrealt~ w . ThiJ i.J thr But the former " "3!1 a t the me r r~· of a ll tl1e peat i"QQ" that u·ill rn.d w_ ar ." in t e r ~ t a . The,· contr o ll ed U1r- uilrond!!>, the mar· The da..'l.r-<O n !<i o u ~ pr o letari at of a ll lands ""' &5 keb. tht LADkJ': Ute P rice of tLoo ls. In apite of the r ipe fo r tnaN" o pp o ~u t wn to Lh e War . Thr worlen.. hi ~h rr i c ~ paid for product dur ing tht War, the knew in st1m·t iH"h' that this \\ ~~~ hlld noth ing y,·hat· • farmer ,_.. ~ bad !)· in debt. 11~ had not b«n ahle ever 1(, du -.,·it.h " drmocracy " or " aut ocu q- •·- to pu rcha~ Government &eeuritie!o, but he had l"leoe"O but Yt'lUI merd ~· on mtrn!< fo rm of compe tioion be- fo rced to pa y ru ino us L1x~ . "hOW! impoait1 on ..,. ~ tween tYt·o ,r ou p' of Yt o rld ·pll•pinf! imper ia listk l!u p po rtcd hr t.he m an ufacturer~> in the to"'"TII, be. P o..,·en. • t r u ~;gl m~; for c onlro l ... r mnrkeu y,·hi ch ca u ~ tht y octu.olly JtiJTW/o.ud buunen ha d bern rnadt n ~e., u r)' thr ouEh tht gigantic de· TI1e new m o ner · kin ~ we;e monipu la.ttng the Yrl o pment of Financ~ lmr)Cr ia ll !m . c urrenry f>O th at the Go'•emmen t y,·ould redeem t.he EApce1all ~· in Amt r iea y,· ~ thi 5 h r t clear . )'l;ot dtp roc:iate:d .&OC" urit ie-s held b)' them, and thro w the b)· t.ht remote-st et rt-tr h of the Roo!~t:ve lhan imag· burden on the bacU of the " ·o rhrt and t.he amall ina tion co uld the people be con\' meed U1 :\t we .,·ere propert y ho lders. Thil · led to the bcginninttl of . threatt"ned L)· an y{ "R Ut oc raC" )' ' '--eJ.Upt indus · re,·u lt againat the p-eat inter esllo, in which the tiial auiOC'U Li , whH~ h h nd tdread\· captured the f ounWt ion y,·.,. Cheap M o ne y-G reenb ack.i~m . Pop· countiy. The United 5 tatcs dec lared y,·a r aher tllftt: uli sm , and lat er , 4'Br~·a n'• Free S ilver ca.mpa igm rean of Euro pe.m co nfli c~ h ad brou~h t homt to the o( IWt:nt )"·fi \'e )' C.SN- ago. underlitandmp: of tht cl.u!'-cOnhCiOu!l wo rkCTll of Thi l' i.• the rral Ame riclin l!. nce;t~· of American nC"Utra l rou ntri ~. "'' ith r.ickt"nin(! clearness, tht fa) . Socia lism , u po!"! y,·hich wt~ trT•fted the theo riee •it )' of th~ \\'.J ~nilln formula, " T o make the world of ~l o r1 ian and- predomi nantl y- La.s.allcan Social· a.ale fo r dem oc r&C')' ." ism bro u@:ht from Europe by the Gcnn.anl' who In enttrin~ t.hr: \\'a.r . the ruling ci&JO.! or the . emigrated aftef JMS; a.n~ the Fo urieriam intro· Vnited ~ 1 11 1 ~ pla~· ct.l thf' pan o r a LMil.h t who has duced by Albert Bri~bane and H orace C url~. hea vi ly financed one of t.ht two huge competing The next re"o h of the prtit bourgoo iaie in truM.~. and '-'ho, to defend hi s in\'~lmf:r1t, must 1 America " "a..s the ProgrtMi\·e Movement. Th i5 a) . ~Ow in aJI hia t e!oO U tl:"~ to get t id of tht co m· ao occ urred after a " 'It- in t.hia cue, a frankl y petitor . lmperi a li1tir war ..,·h ich marked tbe forma l en · Hcnc:e th,. St. Loui !l Rmolut ion ,_,j the AmerK:a.n trance of American capita li11m into the period of Socialis't P ar1 y-the ma ndat e of t.ht' ra.nk apd file Capi talist · lmper ia l i.<~; m. The who le per iod wu of the Party to Pan ~· leaden. which wa~ d i~rc-· aummed up in the emergenct o f the gyeat tTuJta ~rded b\' them a'ain and a~a in a!l the~· 5Utreml· durin~. the admini ~trat1 o n of McKinley and Mark «ed , little by little. their oppo!li ti on to the \\'ar. Hanna , the open ad\•oc.acy of hi~h tariff a, no lonp:r The formatton of the l...rft Winft. and :u .harp to " protect infant indUJtries," o r to incre.a.ae wa ~. ca11 to the Soc iali11t movement to aho lieh the M>Ci al · hut u a ba~i~ (or the @Teat mono poliee of the meam rdo rm p la.nU in Party platfornu , hu pa.ed witll of production ar.d distril•ut ion in the l'nited States, euttin~ di s tinctn~~ the quC!Itio n of whether or not and a weapon in the internati.enal war of Carita! ill we ahall try to win Soc iali sm by mea.na of political lmperialism-" Dollar Diplomacy." clemocracy. mak ing Ute of the capitaliat State ma · The Prorreui\'e Movement properly ~CKalled.. wu a rd arm movement to reehape the Republican II. Par1y •A that it would aot be am.ashed by the l..a ua fOr the moment eumiDe the character of sr~in! hostility of tho omlll proporty·bolckn, made doop•nlo by the ruth)_,_ of Bi! Buai· AmericaD poliLcal democr.cy. lo Lhia eoODtrJ, u in modern .. democratic" h advocated all 10rt1 of cbecka upoo the counttiea., there ,re two aidea t'o ~o.-eniment-politi· powa- ~r Bis Baa~r-eform of the electoral cal and economic. policiea of modern " demo-- laws. ao u to ~Ye tho 'maaU propmty-holden a cratic:" countriel an dictated by l.be capitalitt voice in the BOYerDJDent (initiati•• and ftf ..... .. W.t.enU." AJ Woodro• Walton baa pointed d~ recall . direct elect.i~D of Seoator"' Woma.o o.- iD hia Nt.w FreeJom. the 50fti"1UJlC!!It or thit SW!r.,.): low will (a _. of JDO<iiliod Free l\1 u,e =-r. an The '· Trade I; and many other meaaurer. of relid", wh.k.h · weTC ezpre,~ with all t.heir aign if1canoe and all their •h o rt -11ig ht~dneu in the var iou.! Anti.Trul:t ActA , lnt,..n tate Comme rce Comm iui oM, etc. La Fo llett e Yt'AII Ute &tron{let.l and mO!Jt uncom· pro misi ng leader of t.J,f PtOfrTe!oah·e Mo"emenl ; he ay,·a.kened, fmlt , t.he lm4 ll pro perty-ho lden or hia S t~!-, and then of the entire co untry. The great capitali~ t a ...,·ho at 6nt fought' Propauiviam. •fin ni!J· rea l ~( .'! ~e futilit y or o ~ Lartl e, and re'<>rtc.-<t to U1elf ume-h onored tact 1ca of capturin£: th e mo,·ement. ~fen like Gcortte Perkina, of the United States S teel Curporati on--orw: of the mott po wt.:rf ul of Ute tru,u--fmanoed tlle Prop-cuive Party and b«.amc one of iu leaden. To apeak p l11inl)·. hl! bought it . R oot~evelt , when in the White H ouw:, at fir~ t fought t.he Pr o~cuivea... & ing a r.ltreYt·d po litic ian, bowC"\'tt, ht aoon saw th at Pr ogre~~ ~ i\· i ~ m wu going to win. and took "'""l" m ufll of the w~pon.& in t.he Pr ogn!·s&i \·e arinory , fl ouri!ohing t>tem al oft in the 11i~t of all men, a.od em itting lo ud crics. The fi~h t o£ Pro p-e::s!,i \'Wn agaimt the tru!Ui auume:d tuch ptopnr1iona that it blocked th ~ Mor@:an iotere:slli in their p lam for c o ~ao l ida tin g the 11t t!e) indu! try of tht- country in one hu ~e . prof1taL le and im·inciLie truaL \\'heroup on, thr- Mo rt::an intera;L<t unleashed the ~M:: of 1907, and the Go\'em.ment Sue in, Thi !i v: as not tht> enrJ: ho we,·er . The Mo\·t:ment under I..& f o llette a~umed peat propor1io n1. Mo:-e and mo re o penl y. with an C"\'er gnAtn and peatt::r fo ll o winr. I..a foll ettt attacked Dig Dusi nou.. The p lut ocracy Wa !'l frif::btened. lr agents, Pc:rkiru and l othrn, attempJed in n in to ch eck t.he gTOwth of petit houtEf'IOia revo lt . Rooote't'elt. returning fr<.Africa, YtiU. mak ing a triumphal tpur of Europe. amo ng other th i n~11 reviewing the P6uia.n Guard at the 1ide of the 1\.ai.J.er. ~ of Perbn.a went to mee-t him, ar.d IIClCTd plan~~ were laid by wh ich La Fo llette wu to be di.placed. The oppo rtun ity arri\'ed. La F o llet:te, Prop-eaei,·i,.m'• P~iden tial candidate, waa inYit~ to the Puhli5hCTll' Dinner in Phil adelph ia. There, with c haracteriatir fra.nkneu , he told the ·edit on and publi shera of America t.hat ~ preu u.'GJ conlrolkd by Bi& BwWu whi.ch wed il to cl.k~ the pdiJ bour1eoisi.c. • · Th is wu the 5igaal fo r Bip; BwiDCI!la to au..ck. The artillery o£ the great ' pteM, wh ich had been conci liating ita aubecriber.--the mAj ority o£ -...·hom were small property holden-by Comment· ing fav orab ly upon ProgreMivU:m. now turned up· on La Follette a.nd hlutcd him with co ntempt and ridicule. And al the u.me time Perk.in.a and the other leaden came out for R~lt u P~ aift ea.ad1date. t The R~publie.a.n Party, willin8 to Ieee rather than to adop t the La F ollcaism with which the rank and file of the petit bourpi.,~ wu inff!ICI.cd. i.ruolcntl)' eup pf"e81M!d the amall property-holden ia the f.hi ca~ Convention in 19 1.2 n~ Pro«"*'i.-ee made a 6Fht. but it wu a loeins 6~~ and they knew it , and '"' did the amall property-holden all over the country, who, dc.pair-iq: of the Repu.bU. ca.o Party, tl=w mooa of their oappon to tho Democrat.L Bis Buou-. knew th.t tho ..II prop.ty-loold"" ,.ould probably elect the Preoiclom ....I C.. - · bat theyrc....,.....,...7J aloo noalioocl """ tho .... - �The New York CommUDiat T s Left Wing -Notes IE Left Wing organi.uuoc ~ decided to sup· p ort !he ~ ll o .,.mg nu.uin'!'Oe!l and uk all ro\•olutionan· Socia liAb to do likew&Ar : Fo r t hr !'t'ot:('nal £.xt'ruJ. i11r Committu , 1st Du· tru-1 · /\'. / . 1/hunl:u-h , ft'. L . EdWCJrd Lmd,:.rt>n, Brool.h·n, " '· L, Loui..J C . Frwna . llo tlon, !tfllJs. f or l ntanaJwnal Drlt'F,alt'J : / . £. frrFwon, ChiCilf. O, Ill ., John Had, f'i. L . Lcup C. [r~ Bos:on, Man, r.. £ . Rwhn'.~,,.~ .cJ,~. 0. ,''Editor of TM ComrrwnUt : ln your an.icle e'D · t itlr;d 'Pink Terror ' in connection with the re-or· @:Mniullon of the 17th A. I>., you have blackmailed me, ';_a yin(l tl1at I hne to ld the poliCC'fTIAD in the front of Jul ieue Hbll about the dUruptera of the o ld lith, that they an: anarchiliL' and do riot" beline m the conllltution . and they Ahould be d~port· ed. I therefore demand conclu!>ive prooh for thi1 tllatemenl or an apology on your part fo r m.iJ!. 11u1ement of fact. 1 only rccoll« l of one inllanee "'·hen I "'·as forced to leel\e tl1e hell to help to p re-\'enl onr of the merubcu hreaki n ~ the ~ l aM in the fr onl d oor . The 11ame of the member wl,o tried 10 break @'Ius i1 Novick.. "' Ho pin@' that you "'11! givt; space in your next i.uue to tbU correction. .. EWANUEL Bu.HrtSTtt" ...• mau action of the' workln oa both the ecoDOmie conqut:!t or the pc.litK:.al ~t.e. and . JI'MreOJ: Re"olutionarf Socialiam in practioe hu demoNtratcd that it ia througb the •pontaDeou. identical princip le. which the Rt.-olutioa from time to time dnelopee. wd political field.o, ihat tbi 6.nal atruule fo< po- litical control i.a won, aod . • W Mrca.A Rt:'\·olutinaary Soc:i.a1i.nn in prxtioe hu ClemoMtratcd th'at the; woR.e.n can not a.e the madlint:ry of the caviLali.tt lltat.e to .abli.eb tile cooperali\'e commonwuhb., a.Dd W.hueo.J : Group1 .within the Soc:i.alilt Panylu.ft!t or,aniud ror the purpo.e of (orcin< tbe SociaJ. is& Part y to 1&l..e a at.and in conforplll:y with 'tbe Jn ,.j""· of Lhr- tderendum on the State Eucuti,·e teach.inga of Revolutionary Socialitm iD prlldioa. Cnmm•Hce rr-!!o lut ~nn to-"' npd Ill I brlllKhe!! a.nd T/~,Jore : He ; t rf!IIDind th.t we the Yo1m1 lt.cal !! that han: join ed the Uft Win ~ Stw-tion all Pr.nple'• Socialat League of the United St.a~a m the bra.nr hM n.nd loca l!! thro ugho ut t.he State r.hould convention uaembled do urge upon the Soci.al~ m ake a rranJZemenlA t n hne l.....eh Wing spea..ken Pazty of tl" united Statea the ll<lOeJilance of the llla.le ow cue. f ollowi"-8 principlm: ; I)) Eliminatio)n of IOCi.al reform plank. fr.c:a l,.('fl \\' lnF ~peaker• can be ec:cu.red by com· their platfomL . mun:c:1tm,e with Muimilian Cohen, Sa:Tetary o f R ESOLUTI O:\ adopt~d by tl~e Young People'• (2) a. A ~"gnition of l'e'YolutioDIJ'}' iadllllrial the Lt-h \\ mg Section. 43 West 29th Street, r\ew :ioriali, t l..e.aflue of '1anhattan to be propotot:d unionism. not merely u a mean of beoefitt.in«: the York City. h~· t h~i r ddl"~ilte to the :S ationa l Com·ent ion of the immediate, «onomK: conditiona of the worker.. but Young P l"o p le'& SociBiiAI l..ca~e of the United as a weapon in their cooquest Or political power. .'\11 Lrh Wing rommuniutions for thi.Jo column Statee. . b. A sene.· al propaganC;la aDlUill the w~rk' flh ould l..r addre.st>d to Mu1imilian Cohen, 43 Weet Jl'hcr~!w : The Younf! Peo ple'• Socialist League au for the above purpoee. : 2Vth Sueet . 11nd ~houl d reach him not latet" thlll1 of the Lnited StAt~ ie 8\'owedly an o r~aniLation (3) a. A recognition of the gmcnJ rna. actioa Tu~ day mon 1injl for in.&Ution tile ume wec.k. for the purpose of prq:Jariu~t the youth of the· of th~ workerli on all fronta u their fi.nal method Tiu·'Citv Conunine or Greater Nf"W York pa,.&ed worL: inE cia!>~ for the fi'lTUg(; le of the - ·orken lllo'ith or .ei.zing tbti political lllalt:. their opprm.~or~ and for the fm:.l conquest of pow· ,b. An educational prop&«anda for the par· U1e fo llo ""·ing motioru lll ilft l.;t moetmg. Ma)' 5, er h,· the " 'orking clas~; and to aid a ll other or· pote of guiding spont.a.neoua maaa actioo ioto ffto19 19, ' I l l TI1at a ll~nera l con\'ention he held for the gan~<~tions ~·ho!>oe. purpOtlt: i& tl1e r'marK"ipatfon of lutioDal'}' eb&D.DC:la.. (4 ) A rerognition of the. ..Dicta.ton.IUp, Or tbe purpu!>oe of amalttarnaliog the sU Locah of Great· the - ·orken : and lfhueru : TI1e Young People't. Social~t Lea~e Proletariat'' aa the ~nl y form of ttate tluoosh wb..ich c:r New York.. 12' That the rrpr'C'IC'ltation to ~U com·ention of the \'&riou~ European countrio now in re\·olu. the workera can function u a domi.n.alin8 cl111 and r.hall he direct from the branche! of eecb loca.l , t ion hne ken the mil itant C..o:ptet-!'ion of the re':'>' est.ahl ~h !Je cooperative commoawoahh upon tile ruin1 of capi~aliam., and each hran(;h ,.hall have one delegate and an adW· lutionary proletariat there, and iJ'ht:rn..~: Re,·ulutionary Social itm io practioe Be it further l"f»>ivcd that we .ball aid wish t iona l deleEate f or t:"''ery 50 memhen in good · etftudinf:', arid that each loul and eac h branch of has· not only demonstrated the futi lity of IOCial re- tvery meana io OW' power the "Left WiD«" form to 1trmgthm the ro"'·er of the • ·orken, but groups within the Socialist Party iD their work of th~ f'il. local11 ehall be n otified to this effect. (31 That Lt,e convention be held not carlter h a..~ 1hown al.!oo that it is countn·rC'\'olutiona.ry, and capturing the party for ReTolatioDUJ' Soci&J.i.m. tcmb to loolster up the pown of the muter c1aa. and than ei.x or later than ei&-ht wee&& from May 6, aud · Be it funb.r ,...I...!, that ,... ahall aid 1919. W krca.J : The Socia1i•t Party or · the United of education among the working c1. . youth llha.ll The following leuer wa." received from the 2nd State!, who!M! declared intent ion is the ei'!Wlc ipa· , be hued upon the rccosniad worD of .:Mmtific A. D. Branch , Ne"· York : .-comrade.-A::t a well- tion of thu working daea. hu in the put. and ia ' Soci~tiUm in theory, coupled with an iaterpnt.bon of Rt'1·olutionary Socialism in practice u cqa...ed attended epecial moeting of the 2nd A. D., Social· still purauin~ a pro pam of &OCial reform. and JT'Aereru : The Soc ia l itt Pany of the United by the principles . and tactica of the Commui:U.. i 11 Part)'. ca lled for the purpOM: of dibcuuing the Ldt W ing Manifesto and Proiram and the advi•i· St.atCI' hu ' nt:\'er gi\'en fuJI . rccoptition lo the Pany fBolsheviki) of Rut~ia, and the Spaz:taau bility o f affiliating ourAelves aa a branch officially economic powe~ of the. worker& u a mean11 to their Groups ill Germany, and all other pattie~ '1wilh u,e .·. " 'ith the Left Wing. it waf! decided by a r!lll call vote aha a long and deliheralt: d iacuasion by the mem..Lc:n. that we officially N> dliate o1ll"lt::lvea and elect two delegatet lo the City Committee of the Left Wing. ..Eicctiom for two delt:'@'atee will be held thi.! coaUng Friday "eoing, May 9, at oar rq;ullll' ..-log. ··Co~atulatin8 you upon oar Yictory, I am ..Fra.tcrnally youn; "ELus Man, OrtmU-." Local Wuhington, D. C:, hu adopud the Mani· . . . ff!llt o and Program of the Left Wias. Hooe Pastor Stol<... will apeok :n the weol<ly IDOCting of the 17th A. D. (unroor!anw.d) to I.e held in the hcadquart<n, 1538 Madioou A....,ue, oear 104tb Street, ou Friday. May 9. On Monday, May 12. the Br&Deb will bold a ..._ ..-in! at tho Royal L,.,.;.,., 10 w ... 114th s.n.... Wo han recei't'!ld the !ollo1f1D8 &ettet from Eaw.uel 81.-ein, """ informanta iDUat that be wu correctly quot..l. We augeat !hat be take the up with the 17th A. D. which, ill apiio of hil nl.iant offorts ,,.. the cootrary, llliU ramaina ._., moch au... We will-be .--h. Pel • pabl.iab tho r DEAR JOHN REED ' The Scaodi.oa.W. Local, 0... LEFT WINGERS! HELP THE 17th A. D. REFURNISH ITS HEADQUARTERS W H E~ t he f.Jrn i tur~ was s t o len from the lt.eadquarters of t he 17 A. D. . t he membt:rs fo und tlu·m selves confront· ed .wi th t he task o f r1 bUilding, reorgan · izi ng and at the u m e tim e con tinuing thei r propaganda. T~ey refu sed an offer t o retu rn the furni ture and U!t thems-elves t o their tas k T hey have worked unti r · in g ly and s~ nt their m o ney unsparingly, hut witho ut o ut sid e help, th~y m ay fail. WiD !i.e baDdrod c-.doa tla.ata o- DOllar each to bolp -mtaii. U.U ..;tally _ . . r y .........tioa7 Adtlru. AU C~"' JO JULIUS CODKIND, ID Eut flllll ... s-, MAX .~HEN, (f• tloo Utili A. D.), ~ w... ~s- luth (400 membon ) and the Duluth r..,;Iiab Branc h (45 members ) bne indoned the ~11110 of the Left Wing and will gi•e them much auppon. We welceme the Cowwum.JT a&d tr111t tUt eor· ery local will order copiee of ume. We Deed the . C OIOft!?flST and it mUll be backed ap. The worlt· en lll'e tired of opportun.i.ua and waDI .::tioa. Mllll we stand idly by and allow them ID ~ kept dio. r,. gani.aod or mUll wert bUJy and do ooomShqP · SW""e MJa you a.od to N)' all of 111. 1\lor<: po- to the Left 11iq. The jtutification of the Left Wins h<iD« J..._j ia .een in the- uc:tica of ita oppollmlL 1l.ey beloos ID the IDsbt Wins, you aay? · Ahoat the •ly time they ...,.. !liPL rr-uy,_.. JACJ< c.iamo. . P. 5.-Saod to Jaclt c.n..,.-Ru Hooal, o.htth, Mi=. 100 oop;. .....&ly. A CORRECTION. We ropo< that .... oar 1M ...., 1M "b Time ol War" "!'• .-r~r ~ to lAUe llryaol. iDateod of ID V........ We -.lor oar -lopa -.-a_ Mar_.. . ·.. �• The New York C..mmuniat The Productivity of Russian Labor From,the Ruasian Soviet Government's First Annual Report By+ l.omcrY r (Co~ Jrom ltu' t«d.) lhat in llfJite of the whole 1um of eJ:· tremdy unfa,·ornblf' obja:tivr- economic condi· tiom, the productn-lt~· of labor be~;an to increue at the bt~inning of 19 18 in a number of industrie:t. And ...·hot ~ more, the" increue of produrtivity i1 not a .. Jighllr noticuhlr ptoef!$~ . but a \'ery rapid, .trikinglr marhd o ne. In thr cast·,.tecl indtutry lhe producth· it ~· ... ent up in April, in compari~n with )11nuar\', l iU'~: in the cut·iron, 1 3 1 ~.,; in the hydraulic ptt"'..'\ indu~lr)' 40';e , end onl y in the car for~ ing hu it fallen 24 7(l, and there on aoc.ount of 111 nwnber of cau.ce of an external character. 10 to 11pea.k.. January iA the. worst month. After it, there bt:t:'m a rapid ad,·ance. TI1c:ee rnuh ~ l HII\'e been the fnJJlA of proletarian clu. .df-re(iance ezciWii\·ely. Price- •·a~ were firmly introdur ed b\' ,. ,.pecial • "llgr'·fu..ing comm i!Sion con&~sting of tt"prt·~niatJVe$ of the profe:l.,ion&J unioru and the technicftl penontl ; :. t..hi. corr.mi.· 11on \'U\' cnenu:tically,'' u the apokesman uiJ. "undertook 1u taM.."'' The resulll can already be ~eeo : thuu@:h a& JU't iy .PJinted out by the Kol~ mensk y "'·orkcr!l, itA "'·o~on l y began. K't'mb, Of the con!lta.nt ' increu.e in the productivity of labor aher the introduction of the -=.ale, the rep· resentati•e!l of the 1\.olubahky factory abo apoke. lltal ing M c hurocteri ~ti r of the DlOO~ of the work· en in the factory, the follo•·ing: .. We P.:Cently bad to m.ake repai\3 w~ich we tlJought would take two "cdtt., but the worieu made them in m d.)"', and thai under' the wont condition&." AnalagolU are the data of other diaricta. ln tht Petrograd We&ting~ou.e fact ory. aha the tran· aitiOn to pitr~ ·Wige& and the ~t.a.bHA..lunent of a form of outpUt ~exording to ~eale, the ruulte ahowed thetllM"Ives remarkably 1000. ln· the ameh· ins indlUtry the ~port .how. the folloW~ 6s· lll"'e. for 1918: paoting: of the fi.nt 1unu forth~ pAyment of wagea. the producti\'ity of labor began to grow~ and toward., the end of April wmt up to 30-40?0. l.n Ma.koefk.a, which ~ u twice oocupied by the eo. aacL and l.Jhainiaru, the daily outpul of coaJ from the min" went up, frpm March kJ IN middLe of A pril altmt, from 60,000 pood_, to 92,000. or over 50'/c-; and what is more, u the ehainn.tln of the • ·arlen' committte of the ..Union," Engineer Ba· jano\' wrrote, ..There j_, to he oblet'Yed a tendency toward., a funher increatoe in the output of coa l... The a.a.....1e conclu~iona are al&O Characterillic of the Unl_dia.l:rict. We bn~ more detailed inform&tion regarding the ZlaLOU!>tovs.k)· di~tricL He~ is the corTe&poriding t.a.ble of figure. in poods : ftJ ·u on production : January fdml&rJ piJ·Uun • •..••• J.l.l,%:.32 17.1.88S. R~m• d~ Car-t!nf. JliiJ·U"O ••••• •••• ;1-;".S.\.4 CnJ d~ IHm •·••••-•••• •••• poodo pood. poodt p oodt i e., an increue in April u compared with January of 337"- [,·en at the B•ltic factory, where \he wap are lower than i.n the factorie& of Moecow, Petrograd and a number of prol•inical cities, ''in the month of April it wu proven th1t the worken in the mat· tt:r of producth·ity ," u the apokeaman, Comrade 1\.hromoff. indicatt:"d at the confertncr., "have pro duecd almoet twice u much u in Ma.n:b, and we 1Uppoee that in the future, with •a ra.&.e in W l p up to the nonnal tthe ecale wu oot yet introduced in th!it factory, the r)roduninty will rile even higher." Analagou• information ia ~YeD by the comndca from the encuated f.aoty "Ph~ nix" in Ribinek, which in December, 1917, bad an output of 62 can, in January or 40, in February of 18, anrl in March and April of 38 eoch "'"J>"C· ti.ely. The C"Omrade. note lhe pat work dooe in thil apbere by the {.:tory committee&. Similar in· form~t ion we have from the Hattm..um factory m L.ug:anlk, where the w11rken' committee baa INC· oeeded in turning: out-instead oi tb.tee 1~._ u ic the fall- 13 locomotiTt:L The comrade., J:IMIIUheu of the committee~ of the much aderinr; P~tronlty So.U. I octori.. and MalodU (MiDiDs and MOI&IIurp:al "Uilioa"), draw the .._ pictun10 of tiMOr ..W.liohmellla.. At the p ... ronlty loctory, aftu ito -~· ud the 2 ) ,27j, ~.JO Much ~ l .MO.Ol 41 ~. J7,1.2.S.J9 M.aMeooqk}' produclaon : Man~n• ba" --- -- - - - --· Pl.:d:ma l un~an producu on : Moulda -··· · ··---·-·----- 37,401. C...tJn• productwa : 147,134. 19,1f'O. 29,C9S. J'.,:•lt'\.10 UIIIUp : U1t;.h fuma rf: produrl it>t .• ...,., 332.29 1.36710 Cupola lumacr productiu11. 25,099.()5 11.740.16 2(,,147.13 ~tf'f:l lond1n(l pa..tlf: ....... 33:!..33 1.726.29 & .2S 3Jl.l8 C"PI~ ' Jondm, pu1r --·-· BOJ.Ol \"aru~u• allora~:r pulf: - - 2.DBS. 1160. 1.207. HollmJ producuoo : ~ l.a.tJt turd produclten. Manrnt iron,p~iroo. MIL!"1en.t aced. CruciLif: a1rd ------- -· 61,947. M.ddlr-60n productioa : MIL!"1rn. ~uarc iroa MIL!"1ent !S,.916.a2 t8.192.79 ~lJ~.i Lf ~lfftij 191 5 -·------ ·-·1.938,682 191fl · · -·- ------- ...2.011.222 1917 · · · · ·------- - I.Rti.B.OU 4 niVnth• of 1'118. 4&11.,07rt (ft"h. I ~ d•l·• l Thi& proves lhat if the 'lUantity of moulded p:g·iron hae decreurd in compa.ri..on with the beet year, 19 16, litill for the first three and a half monthe of 19 18, about 1,4 of the pig·iron output for the whole )"ear 1916 wu luouldod. A. regards ban. founded pif:·iron and the production of fir~oOe., f o r U1e 3!1 month. or 1918, the output wu ahout 1/ 3 of the t.ntire production of 19 16. A. regard.. founded Aloe!, for the fint 3}} montN of 19 18 . the total amount of moulding• in pood& n_. cceded by 50j.:; the amount of m oulding! for the . ,.,·hoi~ year 1916. Thua io the 6r11t quai1er of 19 18 thert wu dead) TU.ible • proceu of gradual in· CTeut: in the productil·ity of labor. Furthermore, in epi.e of the acute iruufficiency of the food auppl~-. the productiV"iry· of labor e\'idu.tly continued to increue. r or eurnple, we •hall eubmit ~e f ollo"·inft data of the producti,·ity of labor in a number of important Pctrograd facto rie~~; the fol· lo• ·ine tab le of figure. wu iuued by the Obucho•· olcy-lmiU.: .cad ,..now~ 102.l59. 2,.889. 149.2154. 7..460. coa.truc::ti011 iDdii.IOl" - -------- - - --- Mar. .\pr. 299. 218.11 In IUrvtying the prt::Stt~t tahle compiled on the bui!l of the So\'it1.'11 repon s, at the ouL-.et tht ex· lremt decrea~oe in output dur-mg February etri.kes one'e f"~·e. Howe\·er, t.hi ~ i11 ~zplained by the ttaD· aition fr om the old RUJaian calendar to the new c.aln-~da r, thanb to which the number of daya in r ebru..a.ry shrunk to fifteen.. . Taking thi' into con, ideratioo we note that in the ZlatouLlto-;"Joky diwict the dccreue in produc· t ioo ceaw:d, and now there LA to be o~ a ft"\'ene prdcc:M of iu growth in • uumt-1 v f indwtries, in the production of machine.. inm"u· ment.&. p.ig:-iron ; there it a lao an increue in the castin(l:·houae production, etc. The figures of the prodl'clion of labor at the Ural KAt.n- lvanouky lactory apeak of the MJDe : The~in&of PIJ·troll A~aaed&ily Olllr'UI 4,723 January ---------------125,872 4,794 February (15 doyol ---- 71,919 4,761 Mon:b ----------------144,833 5,008 Ap>il -----------------145,454 1ne total amount .of cuted pig:-iroo, and ill aTeT• daily output bu ~r:W~e:rably iDcreaed. It it iDfa-e.ting: to note the conu:t srowth of fisunMC.b month. h il alao inte:r'Mtins to compare the fisur- of the p;oductivity of labor or ~ factory in the tlu.. p~ yeon ..nh the 6prtJO of the three at>d • hoU IDODlho of 1918. · Way fruQI lhe 15th Can -· · ---- 70 Loc.c::,.. -Pt,-iroo ••••• 1.107 Stt<"J a.nd iron. l .946 JuDe Jaly A.., from fram 1Sth tbe JSth ~ 17S I , 600 2 270 J 170 62'7 ~ 975 . 6,173 :',182 8 8,.500 c.aa~inp illpi~ : .. Alao imrrnch.in& ------ - --147,0'28.. The productioo ol a.mmo.Dition : S• orda. dau:rn.. de~ ••• • 4.107. Ha~~d-madr prodDCU: 18.2..()(.() 167,4._)4 21.47: 60co,40l ll1.02.'\ 2...125 3.5.217 570.17~ l.'>2.1 73 8..\47 40~~ 196..213 108..741 3.504 11,132 TilE OBUCHOVSKY STEEL CASTING FACI'ORY Crvc:ihlr .ted T.ltrd E.ur aterl pro:toctioo : Mouldt'd, ttamprd ------ 49,.800.16 !S.SSI.J;II S8,.SJI.OB Protectilr produc:tiaD : Production of Mac.h.iM In January .ahen: were prod~----- -3000 In FebruM)·-- - --------------------3400 In Marc:h _____ _____________ ________ ;l8B6 In Ap•i\. _________ _____ ____ ________ 4000 18,724.,.(18 THE PRODUCTION OF A FACTORY w 1 48 17,823 The \\,.e5tinghou.e factory outpul of br.U.: . M.u. Brake d"ieea in pood.__ __ 1,D08 Apr. M.•y J~UM: JW, Auc. 1.014 1.2!9 2.010 2,7116 2,578 The prroductivity of the Peuosrad metal factor· · ies is ehuocu:rirod by the lollowinJ! 6!1'"'": tho productivity in a number of branehee for July wu 70,000 po<>d>, lor Aus. 13,000; at the Equal foetory the productiv;ty i.acreuod IOO.ISOjl>, 01 . the SpiegM I factory it increued 1S0.2001o, at the Leeoer factory it incre&.IC!d from Aug. to SepL 6Sro, al the Nenky tobacco far:tory the avcug:e monthly output for the fiut half of 1918 wu 2,448 for Jul , 5,lb0 ;;ood., 01 the MoliCow Lubcr.tdry foetory the producti•ity of labor· baa reached almOil the pre-war llandard. Speokjn8 of the u.er-.. in the productirity of labor we nooc the le&~, ca.nnot yec dream of a production equal to that of peace timee. The lack of raw mat.uiala and fuel, the acute hunger. the deterioration of the machinery could not but delay t.be proceu of the rehabilitation of indu.try. And nevenhdflltl, at ih1.1 ·writ in!, at:Ye:nl factoriCII are either approach.iug or bn·e alre..d1 atl.a.ined the peace-time norm. To the number of·~ fac:oric. belonp, for instu.ce, 1M ramoUI nationali.acU Simon&-Scbuckert {.:.tory~ Let w e.u.m.iDe in 11011» ~t p-eater detail the work of thi.a faccory aa a ~aracteristic cumple of the rehab~ of our whole md--,. The F'ebru"')' ...,.olutioo UJd ~ lom>d it p a llll.te of alow dililltqration. Up to the tik, of the October rnolution, rt. prodw:tiOD fell aboat oDD-third ,, ODe-fourth of what it wu b&lore, at>d the iDtmoity of lobar. -~ .u_ ...lr' ooac>rdias to the ialormaioa of the cl&~ of Eiodro-Toc!Wq- to lr• ... - - . l l / �The New York Communiat 1 An Outline of the Communist International Adopted by the Congress of the Communiat International in Moacow [Much 1-6, 1919) THEcnntudu-tl oM I. concea led in thr wo 'llb of thl" rap •taltAt ,.~· stem , hunt forth ....-ilh tren~nJ u ull pown HI a turiLie eKplot.! ou-tl.e great liTIJ>f!'Tialifll world war . LII JdiAh sm eudea,·ored 10 O\•erco me 1U own an · 11r c h ~ U1t O U~~~ the O t,ani.z. AI IO II o f JIHidU CI !OO. ln · at ead o f numrr ou' r j,·ad emp lo yen m•Fht y u pit11.l - . ~~ ru q.H.Jtatlunt• "'' r- r~ fo rmrd t ll rn d! c a t ~ . Urtd l11 , tru !h • . Tiu· f1nanci a f mit t eN:!' t o r bnnk UJ•itll ) un•ttd ,. llh mdu ~ tri•l CIIIJHial ; Lhr "'·h u lr ecu no mJc ldr ¥> 1U• l t lU" ""' "' ''ed Ly the financ ial u pita l o h ~ a r ­ dl\ . ...-Inch. th a nL. ~ to 1lb o r;anunt1 on , hec11me tl1e ~W ir rulrr of the nati on . l n!ttead o f free <""mpeti ti on mo no pol y prnoailed. The irrdi\'idual c.apit&JU!t ioerAIII(' Lhr: CO tpo tati u n u pitaJist . Tin~ ina.a.oe aoan:h y o f c<::> m petllwn wu suppllllll~ b y o rgan · i.ution. But aP. the anarc hy of the capital i!!t l )'lllem of pr o ~c: t mn '-'"41' f> UL!Itllu:r-d bv capita liet organiz.a. t iu n...h e11ch mdl\·uJua l cnuntf)", the romfJditive r comba t... th~ amu cli y, in "'·orld pro duct• on bec ame eH.:r m•Jre ac ute. and the strup:fle bet"'·een the boot o rg:uuud r o bh<'r · 11- t a lb led to the horriLie ....·orld· "' ur fU' a natu ral re-ult. The prcd for l'r o f1t fo rced tlu• .,.. o rJd ca 1111 Uhl!t p oups to flp:ht amon@ them · w-ln~A for n,.w m" r L. ~L' . new ao ur c~ of du tic:s and uw ffiJ\ teria l. tl1e du:ap labor power of the co lo n· ia l t. l a H~S.. 11•e Im per ialist •t.nte!l, whi r h •hared am o n~ tllt:m tlle "h o le world, and reduced to Lea..'\tA of burden m.an y• million... of Afr ican, Au · atalian , AJ.iatic and American pr.:.let.a.ria., a.nd J~a !>A nll . .cm ner or later bad to upect to ,n"'d each oth er 10 a fearf ul confi •ct. Utoner or lattr h11d to 11hh"'" the rea l an11.1c hiat •c nature '> f capi tal. So or · igmated the · grea t c r im&-the rob lJc-r worl d war . Capita li.!l m endeavo red to o\·ercome ita contra· d ic tor y soci a l atructure. Uourgeoi• .ocie1y ia a clus •or •d )" J.u t Cllpiu \ in the grea t civi liud llatea attempted to co nceal the Jocia l con ttatta. "'t the U !tense of th e robbed co lonia l peop iC!I ca pital cor · rupted ita Wll (!~lavee , cre.ated the rec iproci l"y of intr rt:!.tll heh "reJJ ex ploited and 'er. p loiten in rei• · li o n to the -.ubju~a t ed c o l oni~ye ll o "'' • black, and red co loni a l pco pl~e n d feuered the European an d Amrric1tn workingclua to the im~1a li 11ti e Father land. But the t.a.me method of permanent .corruption, fr o m "'·hich the patri t<ti .. m of the work inrc!ua a.nd ita inlellectua l 'uLjugati on or iginated, brought fortJ1 the o ppo r.ite r ~u lt , d ue to the ._..,, lhe ph rt.ical annihila tio n, tot:. ) em• l av~ mcnt , tehih lc pressu re .. m.acry , d.:gcnera tion and wo rl d hunrer of tl• e pr o letariat is final trihute to tJ,e c.api · taiU. t s~atem . "'·hich iA alread y co llapt.i ng. Tite im· ptTiali&tic -.ar haa de,eJ u ped' into ch·il war . Th i: m.i rU a new epoch- the epoch of the aboJi . tion of Capitil lism, itA decompo!i tion, a.nd the riac o( the (ommuni.!t revolution of U1e protetariaL The imperi11li!tic ll-yr.tcm c o lla pac:to aud produces ferme ntat io n in the co lonies, and among the form · et ly dt-pendenl •mft!l natio ns: a re\o·oh of the pro· le1ariat rttuh in~ in vi ctorio us prnletar ian rt!'\'o lu · ti on in aome co untries; tile abolition of imperial· u.l iatic l..t"IIUes; and a~ the Lot&.) i.ne.pability of the ruling clua lo din!ct any loop the dmtmy ol the peop le'• m.uaee---th.at ia the picture of modena condition. Uu ous'-out the wor ld. Man, wboee ~ ture ia now ru ined, ia menaced by annib.i..U.a.tioa. There la on ly o ne power whir.h un N'l"e him; tbe po w~ of the pro leu.ri.aL Tbe old upita.l.iat •c.. der.. iA gone, it uonot prnail any more. final oeuh of the ct~pit.ali.t tylll.em of prodacli• ill ch: 11, and o nl r the ueat prodocti.-e cl:a-, tbe ~orking clbl, can brins order out of thl. chao&. Th i> it will accompli.oh by buil~ the ·... "1>tem of ~«icty, the Communi.( -rJtem. n., waft. en musz de5troy e.~pit.a l ilt rule, mu.t mue ,.,. tm. por.toible, annihilate the boundary lioea of ~late~.. reduce the whole world. to a community wo~ for itaelf, and rea lize the brotherhoOd cd l.ibcn. tion of all paoj,l-. n. A8'ain51 tl]ia world<.~pita.l &rm~" itaelf. UDder the diagui.e of th"! " League of N~tiona" and p.c.i.Utic phru.e& it ln.aket a lut despera te eBort lo boJ... stu up the fall ing remnant. , or the eapitalill . , . tern and direct ita force a«aiM" the ~-gcnriDc prolet.arian ·n-vC\luti~ll. ln .a..Mwcr to this hure new cooapiucy of Aec.y. ing Cepitaii.sm the proletuiat mu.at conquer pol.itic.al power . 'l':a ia power it mu.lt direct apm.t ill cJ,...,. enem im, and let. i.n motion aJI the wbedt of economic revol ut iOn. The 6.n.al ~ of 1M world proletariat mean& the beginn.i.Da of the ,..} , history of li..berated &D.UL r Why Political Democracy M.u st Go ((:on.claukd Jro'" fMit 4J en ao fi rml r intrenched in power that they could ot l,e Ji&lodE!"ed. Al to . the ··w.terest.' ' wo uld ~ • the pos ition of Opposition P&.."t)', "·here they o uld ufely ubolaf:e the Democratic adm.iniltra· 10n and at the ume time cr iticiu it fo r being in· !.:ient. W oodro w Wilto n, autho r of the .. New Freedom," t i.JI el ected to the Pre~~idcncy by the amall property· .o ldeu--the P ro@Te!' h·e elemenla. The acb icve-nenu of hi• firat adminiatration reftect the con· .tituenc.y wh ich elected him. Firn. d~ f~ at of 1M op~n lmpcrioli.Jt ~ehtrM k1 inM.1 Mexico. The ama ll p roperty ·holder ia not 1 partner in lmperial i..& m, a.n y more than h~ ia a ..,anner in the gTeat U...M..i. Cap italist Imper ia lism don away with the amall propert y·holder. There· fo re be U oppoeed to annent ion.s, and can affotd to give hia h uman it.a.IU.n ae:ntime:ntl full play. Second, IN F~crol Rueri'C Acl. The amaH property . boldtt hu a ' desperatf( leer of financia l panic 1 , - ·hich cl inWlatt: him at one blow. He wan~ to guard a 8aio.JI them, a.nd atabi lir.e finance .a that the p lutocrat& cannot destroy h im at will. . Third, T tulltWm of Grt:al Jl1 eouA. The Income and lnherit&Dcc tuea arc for the pu.rp<»e of reliew"· ins the oYerWbelming bw den of tu:&tior. wb.ic.h li• upon the small property-bolder. · Fourth, TM lntl&J.Jrrilal RdGiioiU Commiuion. CA.ilJ l.Ghor ~ . cu. Socia l leplation ia the omall propmy·holclcr'o ~od ol mormil>s eopi· t&liam .a that be can ailt in it. He ia at tbe mercy of both orpnised Labor and orsa.n..Ued Capit .• l, and ia more aHected by labor U:ouble. than the great c.apil.l iat. H e Dlu.l: coac.ili.ate both l..a.bor anJ Capital. AJ the NJDC time. be ia .oat int.cteatcd iD wholeoalo cheap labor, and be himoell io too clooo to the proletariat. and t.o liable to be pua.bod into ib ranb, to reliab the idee of maa a&.anatiou cd .W..ud>uy of u.. ........... In 1912 and 191 3 the ab~NI& of M'\'=te industrial ra.nu Covem.ment , and promiai.D« 1~ ~ tyranny provoked a ICJ'ice of gi~antie labor b"OU• ~ to )cave tl1e property of {oreiplen aloae. bi~.La-.·rrncc, P atenon, Michigan, Colorad o, etc. · During ~ War, the Unit.cd Suta ~ The amall propcny·holder became a larmed, and de- with arD"IC<t foroe, h.u oYtttb.rown the ~ ma.nded that tbeac abuec:e be remedied.. of tw o Carriheao cowitrie., Ha.iti and Saato ~ So much for the most impo,-t.a.nt politica l ric- mingo, and arat up a m.i "tary d..ic::t.a.tonlp "tb.a. Iorin of what .,..·ere, witho ut con tradiction. the 87UI The FMeral R.c.erv Act, de.i«ued to ri"'Oid majority o £ the vnten in the United Sut.ee--the panics, wu fr&med by Bis 1nt.cn.ta. h •ma ll p ro peny ·holckn a.nd th~ domlnal.!d by not pro.-ide a r;ainll pani ut OD the c:orrtr.-,, a the ir psychology. • If po litical "democ.r'acy" p laces the Treasury of e Ua.iled Statea • lbe worked, this maj o rity, wh ich elected the President , men:y of the great i.a.J iDI.er'IIIQ. m or ao. and owopt Con~ and the LegiolotUroo, obould have beet. ab le. lo enforce iu. will. Dut what hu actual!)· happened ? The lmper· lali1t ~eheme to annes. Muico was temporarily de. fealed-bf'l Lcul m.onl~ tht Am.cricon Sklk De~ ~t&l war~ t~ Me .ra.con ~o~~n~~nl nor ~o dtJr~ aJrry out w plon. of A.env~r ~a.s&/1.« th-e oil·u:elU owMtl . br ArMr~ ~op~lula-ond · p<U~portJ were «111e. 10 .AIJW'rw:an oU·~lll«J 1 ~ «O 10 Par~.J and pru:ns- 1-Mv. privak·pro;Jtrl7 ~loun.s 10 tAt Peocc Con, ~r~n.u. And ev~ aa I Wtllf:, a. co~tc:·re"¥o lu· ti~n finaooed by ~~. 10 ';'8D Oll ·~l.el'tllla, ~~th a. bu~u. of wfo~tio~ caal . d 1atJ'Ict, •T"" ,w rr.-t New York a 6nan · aa attempt10g to o verthrow the Car· £~M ...or Lam. L- ·l>cJo..,, .. • ""'"' ~llicA To Bronx Branchea I c,.... 1 wulth bu been tau.d 1.0 I"'ID U.. C..... ment., and the War-but the Goftr1liDeDl 1aaa b. come more and more an ;~ d..&ped. 10 protect and foster private property ; thlll is to ..y, lo create noer more and more p-ea ..r-ItL The tn"dLUtri.al ·RelatioDI CoiiUili..ioD di.:lcrr· 1 erod aucb hideoUJ iodu.tbi.al rondilioos ill America. conditi ons which pointed .a de6nit.e.ly to tbe r_. that on ly the Soc.ia.J ReYolutioa ooald c::un ~ that the amall property -holden .became f~ The CO'mmiuion waa dbcrediLDd by bach pi~ crat ic i nd Pro8'f"l i1"e prr.. (aur.h papen u TIM heine; particularly~ br the perata:Jaa" of ita report). Nocb.iac Ntwiub/.i.c ...r ol ]t, e.oept ouch • Jolm p. Rockd"el er'a, wbic.b pl"ttleaded to care ~ b y ~ l:..bor . _ _..ltelp- · ~ . uw The Child l:..bor woo docLu.d . . _ tioMI • by the Sop..- Coart,. ill opioo or . . Lotti.oh Branch No. I , ol • ·~lar IDOillhly met~ting, decided to inYite the other bn.Dchea widely-heralded o p p o - of Lootio D. llnDoloio, a UJ-al , • So~ Court J - . o£ Local Brons. which hue joiDed 1M Left Win e; to anaap a b.u.a.ar for the bcmcfit o£ the Lolt Wins poper. Til< Co......nisL Pleaoo dDcu.. the matter at your maobenWp meet· inp and communicate immediately with tbe Socntary ol U.. Louioh S. &D<h. rw:y..., ....,"' U.. rulii>IJ <~ ~· holden, wh<re Mon ooyo - or ilo .....,._ f"CUM:tioaa ia lo .:t u arhitratar. J. AM>I>IIO•. 355 Crimmi11o A..... Broox, N. Y. . n..-"""- Tlw ,_J u.. 'r.u.,; or polkDI- ,_.,.o:..,;. -.r... - of "- s-· 10..,...,...- ............. ..p~MW< ~,. "- .,.,._ of.U ..au'"-. 11'·-~ • I ,. �The New York Communiet II. The Pink Terror IlL Frightfwn= in the 2nd and 6th A. D. Braucheo T HERE wu tutor io the r anU of the H.i~t Whilt al l this wu ,z.oU1g on in tht 2nd A. D., the \\ lllft Bun-a_necr"'- At the re,:u lar mee: ir-!( of R i~ht \1. mg "''4A holding a JHI.rli.amentary rna.u.acre the 2nd A. D.. on the tT~nm~ of Fridav, April 2Sll1. · in Uu~: hc:Adquarlen! of the 6th A. D., •t 106 AYCD\110 i 11 "JHir o! U1r- pr~nn: of tlat Grand Old Mlln of C. T he meetml'! o pened with tht' election of a Soc 1aiu•m. ~1ercr London, a Lr/1 Ir&r~& TTUJjonJy dumm)· dumman, ~e.nu-Comrade Alc:under , who dur.mJ~: the meetmg went throuf!:h thl" m otio na o f a r~ulnr chairman ...-h ile in reality B«kcrman dtc- drwlope:d. Mttchdl Lc~L. f'a~n. Aleunder Kahan, JudS" tated the proet"dure. Pnnh-n, S. P . ...:rarrner, and the f orv!Qrd bunch. were in .rYmo~t comumt communication wilh Mr. Ahcr lkd:CTman hnd &e1 the atap:e to suit hia fell c.;.c.d>C'r o ver 8 privatr wire. and &n'eral tim~ dur· dr~i!ffl~ b~- ahrr inp; thr- reru lar order of bwineu, in,z thf" ,. trn inj! it .,.8 , 8Cr iou:-1)' drbatNI "" to . hr- ro~ to rti)Ort u a dt'lef!ate to the CnHral Comwhtt.her o r not thr pa llet' OUiht to bt- cal led in. 01111~. Old li men o f Uue n .~, '\\' ing f!aped in \ u pcn·nlUutl:o:d od:,iratwn a - hf' jum1JoC"J fro m m il>· · Comudr 1\. ~ler , dde,zate to thr Cent.ral Com· ,.tntrrncnt to mi"-"t;•tc ment. o mill illjo': in h i!i n·rbal n1111rc, roH" to repo rt corx"l'" r-:1:....-.(t. thf' la.st IDf"CtiOF; lf'AJI:- cvf'n'llu nf that wo uld re\·e.a l the real cha.racof that OOd\·, \Oh<"Tl the umou~C ui att1'"111pt "'' &.& tr-r of t.],,. n\M hint•',. purl'o~ ot thr- Centra l Comntftde to •·r~r~aui.z.e" tl1e 17th A. 0. Thr Scm•· mutee. H,. tletdt at lc=n~h with the "n:or FII-ni.uComrodt:A a l.n \·e-mcntiooed did not .,-ant to hear t ion" of thr- 17th A. D., rc= pr~n l inr; that Uae thr- ~''"'-' !1' detail~~o . Cumrade Uxh iru.t!>led lhat it Lronch had di ~oM) Ived 1tw-H. concealing the fact "' ao. c-u~wnua q· fm.t to read thr t,-pe.,.,·r illen npo rt tlu1t d 1st-Oiut ion of n Branc h can o nl)· OCC UJ .,-ith of the rn-f'rlinF N'nl o ut ln · ~ r ber, l.oefo re lht dele- thl'" con~ n t of :he Eurutl\t' Com nuttet ui tilt LocAl fZ Bit:<o repo rtrd-and Corur~de Kahan bacled him and ne~tla.- t i n E! to mentiOn L~~ Ldt Wing mot ion up. Ho"'f'\'c-t , f ortunr~tel)· the Chairman .,-aa a fu r a comm lllot' of ~\·en \ three !ro m the Hifrhl. Ldt Vo' ~n~er . Comrade ~' arks , &O the report p ro- th roe fro m the ~ft and Rn impartia l cha1mutn cet"<lf'J. \\' ben it came to the part about the loot- a~reed u po n by the othe-r ai:a. i to im·e&~i!a le the i n ~ of th ~ 17th A. D., U1e HiFht \rmf'ttll tried their matter of the 1701 A. D. ~~ to ·,.top Comfade Ko ! ler bv raising poinl11 of After hr had "''turned up to h i.s eubj,....t be proo rder. l'nab le to accomph!~h LocL !IoCr~ ceeded to ~o l aro ' t11e Ldt Wmg in a tcanner th..ai th at 1\. ~l er "'Bl rryort.n~ h~bu t he had to mad~ h i~ audience ,.igb with rrgret that the: at.mo~ it!.d ra"'' the charE!e. i\ ot sat i~J1ed .,.·,th that, he r;pht re in thr Alde-rmanic L."lambe:r 1~ not eo con J.lntrd un the fl oor that CurnradeB Max Cohe-n a nd du('h•e to el oq'uence M thai. of A \-·mu~ C. In a Urnhd' had .. ummo ued the police to the Central tremendou~ peu..ration, that 1>0 e..,tr:l.ll«d tl1e c ha.ir Commlltt"r'---11 &tatement which once again Loeb m nn that ht f"K'Oplit.ed a Lt1'r ~- in~er immedtatel )· wa! fon.:ed to wilhdra.... '' afte,....·a rd in a moment of for ~etful n~!'-. and had to After co m i daab l ~ ruction, durinff ...•hich o ur et· be reKued by a -.el l placed po int of order f ro m Conpe.lluan is ~.aid to have ICU "=hed and bit the the Ri~1t , BeclLetnWI plwded that action be taken Chairman Leca u~ hil ho nor waa not im·ited to u poo h U report. thi.s. 11peu.k on llutfen Square, the di5CU"!!ion of lhe r• po rt o r Lhe Central CommtttCI" wu po~~tpo n ed unthe next meeting. tiI .J'. !< I Mid at t.M bct~inning . ~ wa~ terror in the unU. of the Rt ~ht \\ lflJZ Buccaneen. Hac "-' U anothtr Hranrh , one Lefl \rin,-anoL~er Hranch "'·tuch must be rror~aniz.ed and the high colt of fumiture moving ati.ll J n the i.Dcreue. LEFT WINGERS! COME TO THE MASS MEETING SUNDAY, MAY II, lt19 AT T HE LABOR TEMPLE EAST S.Cth STREET, W SPEAKERS : EADMONN MocALPINE BENJAMIN GITLOW JOH W PALMER Uiuw •/I~ LdwJ~ S~ At I P.M. COME ALL F.-.Jcly ·u,. l~..t..• ADMISSION FREE S. P. NEif YORK EMiw>"'- 8,_.,. h i• aaid that lhe timid au~ion from a W inger that lht recall nf ~erma.n from the tral Committee tWould ~ appropra.te At?tlon met wiU1 howla of denunciatio n. and .c::tio n forttotten. Seven) other del ega te~~ r ote to port" but their work wu dum.'!)' compared Boc.kaman'a &J¥1 ther wrre but ily a.ilenttd they give the gahJe awa y. Left Cenwu wa.~ ..rewith lest Com.ade Frost. who w~ gi\'en the floor bcc.aWit he i1 no t affiliated with the Left Wing, made a mo. lion that the Branc h do nnt eoncur with the 5tde Comn1 ittee's reso lut io n lo expel Left Wing )ocala a.nd brancht':."o. ~ motion wu t«on«kd and a pau~~e enaucd during which the chairman glanced feurfully at the Righi who could ill coDC~~eal their annoyance at hi5 hlunde-r in allowing an~·one not known to ~ '' r.afe" lo get the floor. i"od..,, wink.s and wh ~pered comment& 100n ~ owed tbe chaiTman the w1y o ut of the difficulty, and graaping t.Ae fC8Vel 6nnJ)· in hie hand be anooUDC::ed in a .-oioe ten~ with emotion th•t the motioo -.u ott.l or order' on the ground th•l the report or t},., c..:.m-..1 Committee wu before the bo..e. AlmMt immediately 1fterward a Ri~ht Win~ got the Hoor and, after consulting bit •ritten inltructione, moved th;~t the liranch CODC1U' in the State CommittM"'a l"mmiution. and that all memben of the branch alliliated with tho Left Winjj bo pended until .1uch time u they renounce their a l- thUA avened the neceMity of having the Right Wing mernben apeak twice u.ch to th~ aa..me motion. The motion Wa.!l then pU1 to the hou.e and with the ahlt auiE!e nce of tl1e Right \\\ng tellen wboee eye<ifhl i~ t<'"portt'd lo ~ va.riablc,-.olllletimell th e~· eer rlouhlc and olher ti ~ they can hat-dly &ee at a ii, -"''R.! carrird tJO to .W. Tbe entire Left W in~ mernhenhip of the 6th A.. D. waa tbtu c omplrtd\' "''iJW"d out of exi1te.nc.:- end tht branch "ma d~ ufe fol" d~mocracy:· T\o""' ~om01 the realtre,:cdy of the afJau fro m a .Hi,.:ht \\'mE 1.11andpoinl In the mo ment of victory U1e,· ha ,·e to ackno"' ledge defeat, not ullly in the bnuwh hut LhruuFiwut thr entire Local. In order to c art)' o ut t.heir o wn motiou tl1ey are forced to re:-un to tl1at Hight W ing borro r of borron~r­ gani.z..ation "'· ithin an organiution. Sc-a.rctl )· hud the meeting ad journed "'·ht:n d.i.patd1 ridete werel &eCn 1p,eeding up Avenue C. i.n the d irection of the nearefi\ jo L printa, a.nd in lt:M t ime than it take~~ to tell the printing pre:Mee wen~ humming a! h i~th speed turning o ut p i ~ ca.rd.e, ,.,-hereo n tl•e R if!h~ \ringu.o wi ll iru<:ribe their dovoted a dher ence to the princip les of Schrider.o.a.nn SociAlism, recci,·ing in return Lhe r ight to vote o n all mattenr comifl8 before the branch. ThU! o rganization ,.,-ithin o rganUat-ion ia vindicated fo r ell time &nd tho~ who hnl b itberto lain a"'·ah o' ·ni!thl5 thinking out spoeche& agairut tl1is v icio u~ met.hod are now among i~ ,.,.a.tmc:st adherent~.~. I I iA l"umored that the Brancb hu m~aEed J u liue Gerber, at eno rmoUJI upcue, 10 lee- ... lure o n ho w to perfect thU duplicat.ion of\ol"ganll.ation, ... ,.] that hr will Al1o w draft& of .ec.rct Id ler!! to "faithful" memkra, original minutes of eoe re! mect.ingp. a.nd wi ll wind up with acme u~ul •uggeetioru u to p1.8.6 warda l.nd auhtc:rra.nea.o puoap. Bonfire~~~, it i' .... id.. will be lighted along; ATenue C. next fl"ida y night to celebrate thi.. c6mplete ''ir.1or,· for the forces of Lewanorder and democrac r o nr the black menace of Bol1hC'\'i!1ll which for tl time reared illl ugly head in the 6th A. D. ( Left Wing Membership Meeting ON SUNDAY, MAY 25, 1, P.M. AT legjoncc lho:roto. Althoup the report of l ... Ccn· Manhattan Lyceum tral Committee wu n ill before the houe,. .00 .J. though the motion ..... contrary to the by.laW'I or .. EAST 4th STREET the Local and to the S,..e and Naticmal ConatiuJ. ti-ona. the ch.&irman did not Oec:lare the motion out o ( .order. l>ut... with eym llaahins with the I ~ of finn ~lvt- \0 d o hit dUfj, proceeded to rfiCOgnil.t Righter Winp after Right Wirl@'et until fortun · •tel y tame ooe c.lled U,., pnl'Tioua q\lelllioo aad NI!:W YOU CITT To Elect and Instruct DelP.gates to National Left Wing Confer~nce ( J ( c=-- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New York Communist, 1919-05-08 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- Periodicals. Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-05-08 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .N35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-NewYorkCommunist_v01n04_19190508 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-13 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v01n04 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 8 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States New York Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. The Aftermath of May Day Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. New York Communist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/858c9423f03144d010dfc0519c617202.pdf ea4a7752e23302533291993a4cfb342d PDF Text Text 75he New York COMMUNIST Vol. I, No.3 New York, Thursday, May 1, 1919 . ·.· , : Price 5 centa . ?- . · :~ 1;'. \ ~; .•· .. < :• . ' > ' ·s ~4 1 \{ . ~~-:- ·:r.- a ·· I ·'. MAY DAY , ' . I �2 The New York Communiat th'F a-a of co~ try after country aet · up Soviete are afraid of a •plit-for on a queRJon of prinand dila.bll.sh t.be ProlelariiUI Dicta!oraliip. Hun- ciple it it bener to aplit and koep on splittiq; sary. Bauria, thea Ita ly, Gcrmar.y. The rather than eompromi.e with ruaioo--but bccauae gre.1 e:s:ploited masees of India, F.grpt, China, atir w~ intend to captu~ the Party ruach.inery and mold Official Orran of the Ld 1 WU.. S..:tioa, and clamor. The basi• o f fir.ance-lmperialism, the American movement into an dfi'ICtiYe we.pon Socio.lial Party without whic h CapitaltJm is ruined. iA crumbling. with which lo 6~t the battles of t.he working dau. Owa.d and CootroU.d by Local May Day for Ruesia is a ho lida y of the pa,..1. h ia for this rurpo.e t.bat we have organi.ud Greater New York Hut today Mor;co\111·, Munich and Budapt"'5t Oowu in into a voup within the Party-the Left Wing; it Edi.Jor nreet.s o f rrd, and ring to the tramp of the pro· ia for thi.• purpo-~ thai we have formulated • proJ OHN REED Auoci.att: EdU.Or let.arian battalions, making celebr ation for w - for vam and a let of principlea, defmitel y opposed to £AD).JCiNI'f ~UcALPINI · B11.~Wu !tfan.o&er M.unuUAf'( Com:"' the n3tion!> M yet pool& of quid "'<~let bo.ide the tl1e o utwom principles anrl program a-:tualin~ t.be torrent o f the Social Revolution which rises, a red pre&ent Party ..nMin~t clus;" thi5 is why w~ have lduoriol Board " ·orld -11de, and lloods the face: of Europe·. _ioined in the call for an Emergency Con.-ention, N . I. Hot'1UrtCH M. Z UCIUR May Dw~· . 1919. Date fore\·er memora ble, the in which we can .Ute our poaition, di&e:uu it in B. D. WOLFE J. Wtu:H~IPI world-wide blare of trum~l-3 announc ing the fa ll open Social i!'l deh.te within the rank. of the Party, Pub!iobed Enry WeoiL of a greal .acial &yr;tem, Capitali"m, and the emer· and finally, register t.he decision of the rank and gence of the 'age in which lllii.J\kind will be truly file by me&ns of the rellll.;. Pa.rry machinery. SUBSCRIPTION RATES To this perfectly legitimete courae o£ action the Year •••••• ••••••••••••••••• • JJ.OO May Day. A 11umn:ons to the worker·maues to Right Wing, in eonttol of the [:s:cculive Committee 6 Montlu ...................... 1.50 make ready for the lut great WCJ. Dark lies the of Local Nflw York., oppa.ee brutal 11\rong-arm tac· 3 Mootho .. ................. ... .75 cloud of hiltory, ahot through with t.c:rTible lightn- tica. . ing:a. But vactory il ineviuble. Hundreds o£ wotk.ingmcn wh o want to join the &"h. New York COMMUNIST '""" Sinek Copi<•. S c.,., 3Y, Cc:nta a Copy. • • • New York City BUDdie Ot ders of lO or over , ~Weal Z9lh Str..,t May Firat J N Sot'JCI RlWia the fint of May iJ 00 longer a holiday in lhf' tentc: that it is in other countriee. The Russian prplet:u ;til hu' conquered. The Die· tat orrJlip o f Ute Pro lrtariat i.!t raising and equipping grut amties. t~nd hurl in~ them Bltaintt the lm· perialio:1 forco on all front in-a. \\'iUlin the country, crip pled 85 it it~. by the di~organiza.tioo which in· evitaLiy succeed,. war, and ci,·il war in pa rticular ; atarnd by t.ht im·Sjion and blocknde of Allied• troops; inheritor of t~e colla p~ of T"arism an~ Capl!al 1am, and ~et for 8 year h)· the ft:rocious hostility o f Moderate "Soc illism"- the Workers' and Peuanu' GoHmmenl is incrt..:l~ng mdustrial prodUction, buildi~og rai lwa)'l, roads, canals and gi~antic po wer projecu. opening mines, and establishing tho usands of new a.chools. That it is able to accomplish t.hee.e '' miraclt:fi.. .eerru inc~dihle to the bourgeOIS. Dut to th-: 5oci11list there t. nothing impro bable about it. Capi· tali..s>n obJtruct.s dev,Jopmenl : CapiJ.olum IUp· pr~sus Jwrnan cuparation.•: CapiJDlUm U W/fic~nl. May Da~·. 1918, d.me at the darkt':!t period of So viet Ru!!obia'l! h1~1on· . wfu:n the Treat\" of Brest· Lito'·"k had plt~cn:l Hu.,sla 111 the mercy ~f Imperial Germany, then· l"ic-tor iou" in the West. and the AIlit"'i co-operated """ith tl1e ~rman advance eastwarJ by I andin~ troops 1n Archanf!:el and Vladi\·or;to~. the beg innin,:: of a \"85\ int-:rnation;.l offen.!i\'C' a gam!\ the ha lf-under!ltood men"ce of the new Hu&· aian Govemmenl. lndWitr~· and transportation wtte al01ost at a stand!ltill; food wu .urce; and the Red army waa still neglip:ible. Yet it war; on that dttrk May Day that Moa.co"" wa!l docked with cnnuon. the- you:1g Socialist troop!- pa~d in re,·iew through the streets. and thiMy-r;even r;t,tues to the great dead o f the inter· national Lahor Mo,·ement were unveiled. And the Government announced that May Day, u far a..s it ra•prescnted the revolutionary ambitions the Ruu1an workers and peawnts, •ould henceforth eeat.e to be celebrated u a holiday. Today, May ht, the darkno.a over Rn.!laia ia slowly lihiog. Ucept for minor K't.hacU. the Soviet annie~~ ::re everywhere victorious, not alone with the weapons of war, but with propaganda. In all e:ountriCB the workin~ c.lau, which at fint wn apathetic, hu awakened little by Jittle to the, real •it.uation. A fn.o months ·~ the workers of Ensland, Franee, Italy and America " 'ue opp<»ins in•~tio~ in R lU.Si:. ; 1 ~ ~. .. they want ~ know why the Dictatorship of the ProleLiriat ~ ­ not be appHed to their own cuunttiea. Nner in hittory of the woild hu an ide. made such •wih and thorough conquest&. Amid or the the eruh ol b..Wupt Capitaliom lallins, the wor\. Party are held . up while' a ..committoe'' of mi.er· able Soci.du.t politicians catecbi.see them to find o ut chid accusation 01gain.st the Left Wing U if th,e y have Bolsht"\·ik tende:ocie.. ~ aoon u a that it U fnempting ''to r.plit the Party." Thil Branch h u a Leh Wing m.;~jority, and takes action i.a the burden of every Right Wing attack upon w; to re-elect ill delegatea to the Central Conuninee, like "Bolsheviam" in the eapitali&l preM, it CO \ 'C"I a minority o£ the ..Old Gunft' ia empowtted by ~ multitude of sins. Thi!l charge has been hurled the Executive Cornmitloe to "reorganlu" that at t'Ytr)' indh·idua l or group who hM dared to differ Branch, eapelling m \)at of lhf' me~n. locL:ing: with the Par1)' .. leaders," or prot~! against their up the Branch headquarters, carrying off the f urniture, aod beatin@ up delegates who proteft. lo stultifying tactica. Durinf': the biner fight be1woen Industria l Union· Cart')'ing out theee measurCB tl1e Right Wing do i!m and A. f. of L'i,.m, thou· " ·ho 11tood for rnoo Ju. not hesitate to appea l to the police for help. The t~on~r)· lab~r _or,ani.zat.~on were re\·il_ed 85 "roep~ra­ J ith A. D. Branch bu alrea"~ heen ..reorganized.. fl sl!. and d1~rupten. The adoption of Art1c le in this manoer ; out of more than four hundred T~o, ~ion Six, in the Part)' _Constitution, by lhe members, only thirty-two have been accept~ u Rtght \\ mg, rlrove the re\·o lut•onar)' demen ts o ut orthod ox enough to remain. · The &ame action it of our Party, ~parated it from the clau<on.!<:ious being taken with regard to the 18th-20th· A. D. • ·orken._ ~d threw 11 into the anru of · th~petit Branch aa we ·go to presa. In all thi.e there ia not the ali@:htest trace of legality. r-crbcr opt:nly bourgeoJile. . . . The tt:"ult of the mtern:U otrife at that t1me wu aay5 that h-: docm ' t care whether it il lega l or DOL His letter on another page of this i.Mue will provide the ei'pulsion or r e!ignation of a Sreot number of ' revolutionary Socialisi.J from the Party, and il8 farther illumination to the Comndet. Who is splitting the Party-we, the Ldt Wing, compleae aurrendt:r to ..moderate Soci:al ism.." But the SL Louis Convention of 1917 removed Article who have announced out open tJatention of captUI· Two, Sec:Lioo Si1 from the Constitution, proving ing the Party by means of the majority vote of' the thAt the rank and file re.aliud what a disastrou.s delegatet of the rank and file in Party Coo.-ention .....,,,led ? Or th< IUght Wing in New York. counc: the P&rty hacft.akm. \\:e , the Left Wing, repreM:nting the \'Ut major- which is diarupting Branch aha Branch, disfranch. it)' of the r ank and file. -who, no matter if at i&ing hundreds of Comra3es, by illegal action of timc:A they have been confused b y the miKtahle the Executive Committee ? The Executive Commi1· tridu -r P a My po lit ilj:ian~. are &auhdly rnoolutionJ tee hu indefin itely auspended the meeting~ cf the ary by instinct- we han profited by the leseons Central Committee. a superior body-becawc the of the p..t. We have no intention of being forced Braoches were electing a majofit-,· of Left Wing out of the Party by the Right Wing. We have no deleg ates to that body. And behind clo.eci doon intention of ..splitting the Pa.ny;'' DOt becauae we the Exec::utive Committee functions, hurling . bulla of excommunication again!ot all Branche. in which a Left Win! majority appcan. TM /olloui"f ttlr,rcm to £u1ttw Jl. Dtbll, oJ. Who TH£ Ia Splittinv the Party? JrtuttJ 10 Moun.dJvlllt }ail. Moun4.ul&lic, f'. Jla., bl tht ddt,4UJ oJ rht T h.mJ (."ollvtnlio n of tM Llrra• n~an Ftdrrru•on oj lht .Socudi.u / 'err.,, rtprt· II I'll tJ,(}(I(J mtmbtfJ, w.w rtfwtri uon.~m.WiDn by rlu,.,.·ll r~tt,roph compoanu11. TM 11p1111 o/ IAt ~'olt 1uU bt ltol'lllmiurd to DrbJ by MJWJ of thou1h1, bor11 01<1 oj 1M Johdariry of 1M lhi!Gkttu"f :. orJ.:oJ, oa:rr whic h Bwlt11on, an.J rM jun.ltcr clo..11 oJ 111 luch M U a t ypical rrprurruatavt, ccr11 urrcilr no co n,tJI. Thr ,ohr ncoi muJOft w.i.U, - Joubt, tta.ch Dtb.J ill tM : ouru of n"ln~. .M07 0~ 1-H~n~ 011 tM A.oriuoJl. t. "Dear Comrod< Debe, "'The Third Con.-ention of the Ukrainian fedt:ration o f the Sociali.Jt Pu1y of A..m«ica aend.s you heart~ proletarian ~ins-. The iron ban which dhide you from ua, al the ~ time hulen our common ideals, and ~our cowase in the m.iJ!ihty lttUg:le ' apinll ( pitaliam. "'Yow ~pie, doa.r comrade, impi.roa us; aDd we promite you to follow your path in our proletarian atrugsle until we are ric:tomous. We beline the ·Yictory of our c::orwnon ideal.t ia ocar. We believe th.t 'Tho cloy of the people b.u come.' " The fundamental d.HI<Tenoc bet....., l..clt and Ri ~t Wings ia summed up in the question of which ,International ahall the American SociaiUt PaJ"ty joio. The Left Wing dcclara clearly for the Communist lnte.matiooal, the Thi'rd International aummooed by Lc:oin; all the sympathiea and con· ocction11 of the Ri~t Wingen are with the bank· rupl Second lnte:rnational, which b.u playtd ha.-oc with European Socialism much in the aanie way that the IUsht Wins bu pt.yed b..oc with tho American ~ialilt IDOftZDeDL Thc.e pcr.y cl.i.oh:tiona and ..norpniutione" ol Brancheo in Loc.I. New York, th- callinp upon the police for help in interDal Pt-rty dille:rmc:ea, the.e .uapenaioos of ~ Ceutnl Committee UM!d.· inp, are pe.rhapt in theu.el ... of little, importaooo in the world Scc:ial'-t JaO.-erneDL But they are • ymptomatic of gra...- thinp. They pc?int with fatal lop: to the altitude of the Majority· Soc:ial Democrat& -in Gum.any, who, iD time of re.-olution, inotoad of caUins upo:> the police ior help, turned I oooe N..U and iUo moc:hiDo IUDO "«ain.t th.. Spanacidoa. �The New Yorlr Communiat A Chall~ge .and I A Greetir.g By Rooe Putor St.ol<• l\.Jr1 A Y DAY -the cl.y of Labor'• lntcmation•lL.ikt: aheep b.ne they driven ua ova tilt IC'p&r&t· voice and -.ou who hu. ~· will to lel'ft., ad and nr,·CT before • May Day 10 thrill int~:IY icg &Liles of creed, race, n atic.;ulity. While they where the deliberate idler •lo~ &hall be dWrazxh. aipuf1cant ~ \\"herr once we hoped. today we lhemtchtt welcome evcrv ( aath &nd color and n•· ited. In which enforced idlenc.a 0 ( IDICD tu:ad fa. reahu : wherr once we yearned, today we fulfill; tion in an imperialistic aliiADCe agaimt UJ , we hue, duatry will be u rare u now i1 is commoo; ia .,..hl"rl" on«- we on ly thought, today WI" tilink and oun.elves, been di \·idtd by them into Jew and Chrit· whic::b in&o:urit)·, that Clnoer in yoar bell lab ciri), act ! Not 111l of u~. every~·here. tr-ul" ; hut for mil . tian ; Bl ack anri Whitt and Yellow ; Teuton, Sin iution, alall d4appeu from the tocial body lOt· h one of u~ thr. W(Jrld'r. workers, the day of libc:u· and Anglo-Suoo-Nath-r and Alic:D. We ha\'C been lurtd h~· a be.~utilu l word made We &hall become tnut.en of~ owo G.tmy tion bu da~ed. For u" herr. h"lw aw«t·6CCDted is thia Day with hotd u l witl1 botUgeol!; h)·pocri~y: and tumf'd deaf u today wr. are 'f'ictima of yow ptiOd. We 1ba1J the air of approachina froedom! f rom far lllllda can to the mu1ic of a phr~ become '"'"ect with eontro~ all Lhing. that they. wbo c:rene all tb..mp in the old "'·orld i. bome to ua the new odor of the prophecy of prold.&.rian power. may pro6t tLcrd,y. We U:WI rear tempi. o1 the 8o"·en of our long IWiited Bulin, Octobtr 31 st 1918 An, Scimce. ~ far ..,. Spnng·timo-the Spring-t ime of tc.IYU ADd oar cbaJdrea U to ~ HumanitY. And for the ph of we bne dooe tbeee t.hiDp (ar tb ia f r;grance. f' om bloMotru you aiODC. No lonpr at - . die nurtured with the blood of [u . ..ignor&nt" aDd ..WliCOath," lball r ope's r~·o l uti onary pro let.uiot, you Bins the chall"""' or the we aeod them, in return, the el«:· c:uhure with which -.e h.a118 &. tric current .,r our unthak..ahle bored to proncle yoa.. will-to be faithful and loy1l to Friends, Comrades, Bro thers! U"i ohall wipe oat wv ADd .a. lhr true International. In tho n11dst of t he ea rthquake of the worl~ war, of the chaotic collap;, uu.e of war. We ohall wipef rom 0\'tr tllt V8!'1 "pacn ~·eo of the tzanshc Jmpenahst S'J Ctety the Russian prole:tart,at, in spite of mis-Jn · the puuitU:m th.t., to hea.r the ,·oicee of our Comraci~. dentand ing. hatred a nd slandt.r, hls·established its rule-the S::.cialist Repu· find mure an!,.~ • . Over the st ill-budding b 1rt.h of blic o f Workers. S Jidiers 2nd Peasants. It is the ti\.anic beginning o f the So- • lo (tied updll ~ To the workers and soldiers of thE: entente! aUt.- Likny: over the '"·orl d,1 ·II ling cla:,h of class will : td cia~ con· 8iC"t: over thr effort of th!' ~ o1 ld's aploiter!o !hiding behind armi~ of confu!oed ~·o rker~"fa..: in@'" the arou~. irre... i!i'l.iLie hu~ts. of the p roletariat I; onr the Lanlr of tl,e lo!ing lilac.k ~ar& against t.he ~·inning Red Guarch there comes to us, "'·orlr.:en of America. a rin~ing cal l. In thr accents of Shdlr)·, in the meaninf! of ~tan.... millio~ of voice!, minglinf! ~' one voice. crv to us: / • · 1 L "RUt like liotLJ after J umucr, In unvonquuhobk numbn, S~ your clumu to t orth lil:c dcu:, l'e are mony, they art Jcu·." And we-"'·e ~tir, we make anawrr. Hear U.§, Co!T.rades. nu.rno;; cialist con~truction of the world: the work which constitutes now the historic t ask of the international prolet aria t. The Russian r(volution has tr~mcndoualv stimulated the revolutioni zing p rocess o f the wo rld'~ proletariat. Bulgaria an~ we. the DlAllJ,, arou.ed ADd alert. re.a5rm our 10lidarity with oar Austria· Hunga.ry a re already dra wn into the struggle. The Germa n revolu· tion, too, is awakening. Sti ll , t n ·mcndo us difficulties a re-ari sing on the way to victory o f the German p role tar iat. The bulk o f the people of Germany are Y~'ith u s. The power o f t he m os t bi tter cn~mics of the WJ rking class is breaking brothen ia rnohllioUTJ' lud&. You ahall oot uti ut 1o wqe ydar pred.to,.Y wui upoo oar ' OWI:I c1.... We · .alemnl aDd down. Sti II thev ore strivi._ng by mea ns or lies a nd decepti on to chain the .,..,. •r n.y, . 7 ..,, . su t o their chi tin t a nd t o put the hour of t he emancipation.o f the people !lYe z_~u Wa.r'DJD!, ~- ~ tba1l of Germany. . we ~ome eucubooen af ov And just as the im r eri o.lism of t he Entente power1 was 5trengthentd by own freedo~ deltroyen of oar the robbctirs and murders perpetrated by German imperi a lsm in Russia, so own hope. tra.iton to om oWD 1:a». have the Gcrm::m ru rer~ m ade us.: o f t he assault o f the t:n t ente powers wpon toric destiny, pNoq warda. .1 So c:Jali ~t.Russia fo r the mai nt~/nance o f their po wer in Germany. our oWD powcrJ H ave you seen how a few weeks ag~ K~ is('r Wil he lm I I, v.•ho after t.bt SpeAk whit .:.... wont. overthrow o f T z:u ism is the repr('sentat ive of the m n t inf3mous react ion, made 'ma lha.JI 1 use of the intervention of the Enten te powe n ag.!inst prLI1ct3rian Russia to b y, _.oder br you ~ • aro use anew the w~r spirit of the masses of workers? • · oney P -...; CODJilft wp orr = We ca nnot allow that such. welcome op ponunities lor demagogy be plued from your lrid<·bas · or ........ma into the ha'nds .of o ur cont emp t ible en em ies--the m ost ahomin~ ble enemy of dipJomaey wbal: .::.&nl yoa ·may, the wo rld proletariat. I ! cznn1 t be that the p ro letariat o f the E ntente potwrs ao n ci•l, reJigiou. or utiooaJ. should aiJow such a thing toJ h:1ppen. Of course we lotow that you :,i:tve 81 · ittic bosq abaJI frisbteo -. We rudy r aised your voice tJgJinst the m achi na tio n s of (ou t governments. Buf hue done. Tbe spell a. brok... the d ang..: r is constantly gr .wing. The unit ed fro nt 0 the worl~ im pe:riaiilm We know the eec:n!l or all yocr against (hO proletariat iS ~ecomi n g a rea lity in l!Je caS< Of the campaign llgi• b) . L • , ~-, Catc.h Lhe . meaning of our mrs· inst the Russi an S'vit t Republic . ~~~ map:.. V\U ..e:2ps e'J'W ae WISe ovrr the " wireleM" of our · It is t o fight t o preven t th is tha t l ·am appealing to you! 'turned lo the ID08t aipi6cat. .,.,·orld-encirding clan -eoneciou•· The wo rld pro let: ria t canno t a llow t he h earth o f ll1e SJcia l:st Re:vo lu· the moe Jtupcodooa fact iu .U .... . . . Yes! We are many, they are few. Yet we have olopt. Yet we have • llawed them to rob \1.6 of the common earth and the fruit of our hamu; to blood us white lor their at=gth ; to break us ia our youth that they ..Ugbt have ;:".:,~1 =: r;~ lion l obe pu t o ut if i t dors not wan t t o «e its own hopes a nd power vanish. downlall'~l the Rus.ia n SJ\•iet. Republi c would moan the d"lea t of the world PT>Ietanat. CLING L?ng live Russie o f the Workers, l'easants a nd Sl ldiers. L?ni live the revol ution of tile French, British, lhlian md American proletariat! Ding ' live Ill< emancipation or worki ngme~ or all CXIUntrttl !rom the hell or war, exploitation end alaveryl ' • TIIEIR BACKS. You the few, bn., J.ow-. .. loas ..,.,. Yoar botll,... ......, come "' .. ...d. ! he FrieAdS, Cnmrad es, •Brothe rs! Raise your anns against bU.ory: TilE WORKERS OF THE WORLD ARE STRUC. SUCrf'UU.Y TO ITES Orr rour maate:n! lHROW TH£ an:-,,:;:,:~·a~:~~ Kart' IAibkaodlt. "':: We bne allowed the Church. State, Prs,·, Bou.ne Cor you. Ocr baod. th.it hue been baiy iD ,._.. to drug, aupprc:u, confuac L"ld awindJe ~-to UD· eervioe .hall beeo9; busy W ow- oWJL For J.OI't dermiDt! the foundations e~C our uprcat~l cJ..... we aball oeue tu labor. A6..U..: tbe.. poww tb.at 10lidarity, while ' diplomall and politiciab.J hne re.idCII ia ow u.a.itedly idle: ba.odl yoa uted us~ pawo• in their criminal pme. 't'a.iJ. To ow- pa-al ord. "Toot. clcnnil" 1" But eftD u " lions afttt aJumher" we. ia .'uDeriea may oppoee lhe cry "To Ul:Da!" It will ...U too, ur. awak.cnins. We too; are O.iDsin! our pro- you 0~· Our f0f'C8 ' are ~ "'We . . ·'- ·-~L of hour • maay, ye are few!" II untaapt, ..-tio6od. ' rep..-!. uaialormod, while letarian cha """' iato we ~ oar pna Yeo, aooa '"' ohall ba.., doDO lDiU., ...! them..., ha..., • urleitod with all thmp. .barb: ius. fisbtias ADd~ ror ,_. y.w t... We. the maay, hue IU.freted them. the few, to You h...-e fed upoa us ed our ,.;.,. mel oar duatrial eNOl 'tire lhall oppoi8 oar ~ • iaouh ai:d betray uo-<o tend w lortb with the · childml loos <DOUp! We .hall tab ov com· cler; apiDot yov olwoll]uda.!Wa or their hypocritical plllrioliam to kill mon heritoi!e. the lanll. We obaU tab li!e mill> ""'e<>mradeo au! be killed, that they, the be1royen, and the ...U. and the wortubopo ; "" .hall tab oar aocial 'o anity; aplaol 1-' -~ '-' m.ipt gaia..a !ow more bloody p;..,. of imperial· the roado and the wireo aad the obipo. All \hat "" porialiam '"' ohaJI oppoao the r..-..1 - . . , . . ittic lliln~r. We, the many, have perm.iued them, bne mado and you hant held '"'ohall take. We datoe of oar ·~ llopoablico; ._.;.. y.w the rew, to !a11coa u. bolore the killias, !or their .hall ..ubli.h an order ia whlcb .....,. ohall "'""" Diaatonhip of the llettTpoiole " ..U .,... 10ld'o ..J.e, aad tb... for the ..U of their 10ld lD who io a willi.nfl WOrUr aDd DOI10 .J>oiJ oat who our l>ic&atonbip of tile ProJo&ariaL, 1Wo, ....... .......,,.. .. the..-,doonolovo..,;~ ..,. work ADd willaot;-., ~ oballbno • . . ofthePooplo,ioovNayllloycl>alJ.p•y.l : : : : :d ,_ r.. - -.. tbr g•tes of industry in our meoa' raCee for their pro6L W1:, the mADy, " ·ho b uild all Lll•t it built, clothe all that are clothed, feed all thllt are fed, who carry and (etch,_comfort and heal, eduea~ and entert.a.ia, create aad inform ; we hne suffered them, the (ew, to le.Ye us ill...heliered aad oakod, bun· STY and intecure, limited. aick a,pd uneom!orted; r CCIDOC,.. Acaboit oocia!-,.. \ .' ..·. �The New York Communift 4 ·The Productivity of Russian Labor . From The Russian Soviet Government's Firat Annual Report . By A. l.omoY E rol~ XAC'ILY a year has pu.&ed tinee the L&riot by violent rff Or1 wrung the power o ut of tl1e ha.ncb of the bour~eoi!oie and i~ lackeys. year of inces~ant . A intem; ,·e effort by the proletariat to toh·e the problem of rehabilila ling the di~or · saniuld apparatus of National f..co~omy hu pa.seed. The nationaliution of the banh, the natio.nali· ution of industry, 1he teltlJlation of the pt()CC.i.S of di·s tribution , the lt.lnf>ft:T of indu~try to a peace buit, (the demobilization of industry) - all thoc reforms have radica ll y changed the whole struc· turc of national economy. In what way, then have the!ie ref ornu reflected on tl1e general Oconomic c;ondi tions of the country? flue they incrc:a~"ed the national welfare o r have , ther made it 1till wonc ? TI1e bourgeoi• ie and iu .. Socialistic" '-ltc llit~ . in re10lute chorua, rep I)' : 'The So'·iet aulhurit)' by ill wild reforms has de~troyed indu-.tr~· ; tha t i.• "hy the productivhy or la.hor ha& catll~trophic.1 11~· f:tller. and con t in u ~ to fall . Thrre U. hut o ne c<npe h om th i~ d ilf~e uhy -il ie nec:eaury to call rorth anew the Lourgeoi~ apiriu and ~'·e them authority over production." Not l'tius doo the prolt:tnriat \ ' le""' It continuC$ uncompromh·ing ly to ~ituation. the carr~ o.at it.J plan of lhe UOtiO,.ic fro r,ani.:Ciion of t~ wlwl~ 011 the IJa~i S o£ a Proletarian Di<:tut o r ~hip, and ins iM.s thut the eco· n omic pr,o~ram or Communi•m hu prO\'en to be deeply Yit..al and corrCcL . 171km of b ourpt'OiJ f'COnOnl l Which or the two i5 rittht ? Let us auempt to gh•e our aruwer on the bQ.Ii.J of an analy~it o f .t he material fttcts concerning the productivity or labor. In order to avuid wilundentandinp. we muet make a r4"w~re l iminary remark&. In recent liter· 1ture, very Often two conc.t:ption& are C(lnfusedthe productivity of l•bor and it.s inteneity. .AJ it well known, however, there uist.s a wide difference beh.·ccn thcae two conceptions. / l11a productivity of labor . i.. e .• it.s ability in a ccrt1in time to produce a ctrtain quantity of goods, . dependa not only upon the worker'• ekill and in· tcgrity, but alto upOn the means and too)r; of pro· duction at hi& d ispoeal. There£ore, in the proccsa of increasing the productivit y of labor, tTemendoua · ai~ificance must Le attached to the condition of the meant and toola of production. and the inccs· aant and au5cient aupply or raw m.aleriala and fuel. • In thil r~pecl . •II the dist:rict.a of Ruuia, thank.a to the war and to the internal di!Drganiz.atioo of the meCbMiam of exchange, w~e unable to repair and renew their industrial 'equipment. The imj>oui· hilhy or obtaining new machinery makes nccet· a.ary the continuation of work in the factori es with old, lootened machines,. the inability to acquire •ew pa~U for them rcsuiLa in aubttitut.ing paru approxi· mat.ely fitting, etc. All theae hne .eriowly diaarranrd the proceu of production. The lack of uw materials and fuel , particularly after the oocup•tion of the Dronet.& Ruin' by Ge:rm.an and Ukrainian trodps, •wav•ted thi5 indust:ri•l ruin. Under auch eondi.lioo.a the producti'rity of labor oould not but decreuc catutrophically. S~.rouha.neowlv with tbil, and with aimilar ef. feet, prOCC!flded ihe WJI")' npid dcmohilia.aLiou of ractoriM---the tra.ru.fez or produc:t.ioo from • war bui. 1o a peace buio, w~icb the Sorirt c.:...n.- ? had to carry out without prr,·ioua prepaution, im· mrdiatd y after it.s capture or political power. But e\'en • gradual lranr;ition hom one lr..ind or produc· tion to Another', nder normal conditioM. is foiJo·wed by a period of aomc> diurrangement, ftdap· ~lion to the changi n ~ cond ition!~; it is ordinarilv connected with the receipt of new suppliee or raw m.1 terials, and particu la rl y ~· ith the receipt of new mac-hinery and tooh. • of production. Gnder con· ditions. howr\·er. or inconcei ,·ahle world economic n.houstion, "'ith an a lmost complete co,sat inn or fore1gn trade and ~:n immen!!IC decre.BM o£ the in· trrnol excha~ge. the situJ tion .,.... becoming wor.e and \Oo'Orte. )( we add •to th i11 the 11c ute lack in the me:m~ of obtaining raw m.ateri11l and fuer and of the payin~ or labor. then it becornef. clear that £or the proletariat to orgoniu and carl"y on pro· duct ion under ~ouch wnditionfo was a probl~m in· conceiuhle in i~ difficulty and perplex..ity. No ler.s an influence on the productive prOC:CM ia nerciaed by aupply. The RuMian worker who, until the war, uted ~ unlimited quantity of bread, can:-101 exi~t upon an eighth or a quarter of a pound or bread, and ttill, judging from reporll and inrormation, he cannot alwaya figure eva1 on thU modest ration. And the worker everywhere wu occupied; not only with factory work, hut 1l1<1 '-'ith the roOO problem. At times a whole ractory (Vik5a) brouf:!:ht b,· the lack of bread to the Jut· ut.remit~.< mobili~ and .ends o ut detachmenta armed " 'ith machine gunr; to obtain bread. TI1ere it no nee.::l o£ M)'ing that a 5tan•ing or ha fr.staJ,-ing ~·orker is in general a poor -...·orker; besides this, ho"'·e\·er . the insufficient and irregular bread aupply breaks the continuit )' and organiz.ation or the productiv~ proce:M. by c11u!ing mD.!I~ idlenesa (whic.b numerica lly continued to grew in a .e.riea of rae. torie& of the Centrd.....di.ttrict.) The reporu and atatir;tic! from all fact ories in one voice point to the lack of fuel, to auempt.s ot adaptation of new formt of it in connection "''ith the transition. ond to the lack of the ~·hole ~ria of part11 end raw materialr.. At the preaent 1 time, when we are aucceNrully realizing the new harvest and are introd ucin~ every" ·here the cia" ration, the 1ituation may be COD· fidered much inlpfO\'ed, The influence or thia will he noticed in the f1ctOT"' work in the ne:rt few months. We shall not speak at all of the ·in· fluence of the ch·il war upon the productive proc~ when Makeefka, for inatanoe, wu twice OCCU· pied by Ka ledlne'a Cot~tcka and the Ukrp.iniana, and ia .no~· held a third time by the 'Ge:rmana; the tame thing hu al&a happened to the Petrovaky factoriee. Rea lity often presents ur; "''ith difficult peculiar· ilie:.oo-a "'·hole aeries ~f factories nnd mills are often incapable or putting out their full production 8.5 a resu.h of the 0\'er-con~ettion or their More· h ouse~: thi11 is to be .een in a "'hole ~oeri es of tt· ment and textile millr.; match anO rubber fact ories h,h·e olso complained or the conge~tion of their .torehouoJ<er;; the &.a me comp laint is often nuide . even by our car and locomoti,·e conslruction rIC· tories. Thus, the spokesman or the Kolomenslcy hclory in the ~1B )' factor y conrerence or milia aup· pl~·ing railroad equiPment. brou~ht fonh the fo,l· lowing data: •• TI1e output of can is delayed h)· the r act that there i!l no plaCe in - ·hicb to 5lore the fmi l'l hed product. . . . At the ractory. cars stand in la'rge numbeu over the whole f..:tory ara.; there are now ready about 1 teoden a.nd 35 locomotivet.." FinGDcial dillicultie. have been and are experienced by almo~t all factories. U delays in the pa~·ment of the bi-weekly w~ge which t ook pl~tce at the Kolomen.ky fll!IClOty, according to the evidence of the 1pok~man, hue already cauted muc:h concern to the maa&e:a of workeu and have grea~ly influenced the whriC productive ,pr~, 1 then what an influence would the non -payment of wages for a period or two m onths, (Vikumlcy fat!· lOT)' ) or the periodic payment or only a third of the WlgP., (Heloreu.k.)· factoriet) have prodUced? The reporll of the managemenLa ofhhe oatioul iud Petro,·sky and Makeefka factories definitely emphasize this point. The management of the Pet.rovaky f•ctnrica fonnulates ib ~>pinion on thi• quet.tion in the follo"'·ing words: •• The manage~nt together with the factory committee bu from the very beginning considered it its duty to increue the productivity or the hctory, hut all our endea· von in hit direction could not be realised bee.u..e of the. l•ck of fund., therdore. to incrCue the pr~ ductiYity of the facory •ppearod impouible." lo !ipite of· the .aeming 1implicity of thil ~itior..., many comude., not tpcaldng of bourpoil ecoa~ mitta. do not take it into con!idetation ; and ya: i1 i> a loci lha1 abtolu1ely all laclorieo, oiU... a.t.ic.a;lly or tpaamod;cally, are auiJ~ from snfat fiauw:iaJ d.ilicullica· wb.icb brins aetrib)t delay. Lo the productive pr~. At Lhe p..... fioa.ncial dilicu.ha.. h.ft i.. &.o a ~ or •roo=· :.)2: <~ep. ..J...L . I Under auch conditione an increne in production can comr--about on ly as the reault of a t itanic ltnlg· gle or the "'orkera, aa the TetUit or an inconceivable aacrillC"e on the p&rl or her~ic muees of their penonal ·in:erest.J for the triumph of the common cau.e. And none the lese, it is e'uctly this pro· ~ or increue that we are bound to admit an ana· lyzing the figures or a whole &eties or f•ctory repor1L Ordinari~ y. when it is attempted to praTe a great decreue in productivity of f.aoriea, it il done in an extremely aimple m.anoer: 6.pra aft taken for the first quarter (\f the lut prc-re:,olu- tiouary yean, and are compared with the Cf~ spondi.ng 6guree; of tM pre.cnt year; or it ia doDC ~ more •imply by merely t.a.king the figuma for No1'. and Dec. in a .e:iee of l1te yean. The reauh is &lw•y• the ume; a coloual ~reaae of productivity il lbown, and from that the infe:reooe it drawn of the immcdiatelr forthcoming catutroph)·. Nooe the lest, not a aingle a.ane penon ever doubted the fact that the grea.tett economic changes IDU.It umpororily affect production. And. therefore, i1 il not import.ant for Ul to kD'ow that after the prolcUrian revolution wnich bu taken pl•oe in an 11m0!J)bere of ett:reme economic uh1u!tion, there was to be noticed • dccrea.c in the producbiity of labor. What is important ia how the C11M"'&Iine ran a!Ler lhc Cbanse- It ia neceu.ary to compare ~e 68'-'ru of the 1MIIlr"ett moOtha fnllowins the c.oan~ gradually one after another, in order to di>cnor lhe b.WC: ~endeucy which will enahlo w lo dr~w • cor.clwion u to whether we bne to deal with a dccreue or Lbe prodoctiTity of labor-.. a pcrmaoenl pheu""""'OD under the p . - clwJged aoci.al atructurc of life--or wMiha- it ·il lllel'ely •• lemporary c:<>nditioo. 0. the bui. of lhio prop<> aition, we will now tubmit eome ~ (T• Bo COII!aeM) �The New York Communiat A Moderate Socialist Legislator TN the Sp r in,r: of 19 18 a mem~r of the Socia list 1 Pa.~v wu d r11 hed And t11 ken to Camp Oi1., N~ Jer&e y, "'-h~·: he rduted mi lit ary ·IC't'"\' icc:~claimin@: to be 11 C o n ~e ie nti o u s Object or. Instead of being clu~d with other C o n ~oe ic:ntmu !l Object on, thia Comr ade wu uUeJ , a}tn lapJ. ..,-hen the tCSl of the camp wa5 a !<~ le<p end thrown int o the Guard H o u ~ . \O'hrre the offK:err. in ch arge threatrncd to e beat him up . When he prote&Je:d , he \0'8 6 told th'at wu ~:nti!led lo no Cfl nsidro:ra_tio_n fr l' m the autho_r. ~ hecau1-e he v.·u a ~ oc ull t s l; the officer m r ge iuformed him that if Socia li1tt were ~ven comi d~r a ll on , thry u•ould do in !.':.i • counJry w~t tbry hod doM in Rausi4. R a,·ing rdu!oed to ... lute an officer, th i.A Cornu~ ""' "'~ then &Larved a nd again threatened. tie replied that he had not r.i gned an)' enli, tment paper&, and wu thertiore !> till ·' c-i\'il ian. He then appea.lod to t.ht "Soci ali..t' ' C<' ngt~:Mman , Mr yer London. 1be foll o\<l'ing lettrn. ~oi guetl by CtJn~!feA.'! ma.n London's &ee" rt tary. art illuminating. It will bt noc iud that the "' rt ter i~n o red the C omn:~de 's contention th at he \<I' B " !till t:t ci vili an, and addreued him u .. PritHJJt " ; thu! helping to .fix. hU military llatUJ : Mu-01 l...o'loor; , l :!lh Ottt,. Nc • York Hou .. of RAopruentatiYeo U. S . WuhiDcton, D. C. May 6, 1916. h.. been refer-red to me, and I hne uked to b.a..e inqu iry made u to )'OUr r,cntence to determine whether it i• in acco rdance wi lh the orden of the Sec relar)' of War. J knew somet ime ago of your having h«n p laoetl iD the Guard Hou!te, but I have auch confidence in Captain Termini 's good ecnae and j ud ~nt tltat I didn't fee l like caJii.og it to Lhe Department'• attention. I would write him now about it except that I believe army rqulatioi. require any co mplai.ota of thi1 •ort from citia.em to be made directly to the Secretary of Wu. SiDcerely youra. Roca BAI»wnt. JUDO 8, 1918. Mr. M , Camp DU. N. J. Dou Mr. M - : - JUDO e, 1918. Pn.M-, 12th Batulion, Guard Houae, Camp DU, N. J. Dear Comrade :) regret very much that I did DOt make mywe:II au&lcientl y ~dentood in my reply to your com · mUDicatiol". Your cue will not be taken up here. Your im· ~Jiate auperion have entire juriadiction in a eue auch u youn: 1 have mailed you an addilional copy of the Presiden t'• Proclamation -concern ing con.acienliou.a objeCtors, and also, aupple.mentary iutruction ia• •uod in the cooD«.tioa.. ..me Fntemally yours. MAn J..J:wu, S.crwry. At the aame time the Comrade wrote to Roser Baldwin, of the N ation~) Ciril ' L..iber-t.ie. 8W'CIIunot a Socialiat orga9isation. And . lmoat immedi· atcly lM: received the following amwen, which fur. ni.ah a glarinp; contrut to. thOae quoted a.bo..-e: NatioDal Ci..il Liloertiao B - . 70 Fifth A~--. New Y...t. Maf 7, 1918. Mr. M · , Camp DU, N. J. Door Mr. M - \Your I...., of April 30th, addr.aecl to the C.U wl..s Left Wing TIH.: Left Wing organi.lation bu decided to aup· p or1 the foll owing nominees and a.k• all re\'Oiuti onary Soci• li.:U to do likewiie : · Fe r tht 1\'c.liotuJ l £ncuti11e Comm iltu j l 1t Oil· trict.· /\'. J. Jl ou n l'ic l&, 1\'. )'., £du:ard Lin.d&rtn, Brooklyn, 1\', Y., Loui.J C. Fra ino, Bo110n, Mb.u. For l nlutuJtkJrllll Dd~&aJtl : J. £ . Fer&t.u"on, Chi· Ill., John R~~d. {\', r .. Loui.s c. FraiM , Boi· ton , Afau ., C. £ . Rut~n b~rg, Cln~tlon.d, Oi Ctl&o . Addil ioDa l Locals And Draochea th•t h•Ve joined the Lch Wing : Kanae:• City, Miuouri Guard Houae, No. 2, Local Tona"·anda , New York Camp Dis. N. J. Lithuanian Branch, i'o. 1Y, K.inge Dear Comrade :Bra nch Rif'l gewood , No. 2, ~ew Jeney Under .eparate cover I tun ma iling you a copy German Federa tion of Kinga; and Queena Countie. or thr Oftic:ia l Bulletin contain ing the President'• .. Spant..h· Bra.nt b , New York Procl amati on with reguW. to the righi.J and dutie. 17th A. D. Branch, New York of con&eientious objeCtors. You will realize, if you 18th A. D. llrar><h, New York ba,·e not done ao already, that there are rules and . rtPJi atione governing the coDduct of men in the The · foll owing Left Wing mua meet !I and mil itar~· ..crvice, and al10, the:t th~ are pl1Diah· open air demonJt.ratiOt11 on May h t :· menu pro,•ided for an y vio lation of thote rulea and Queen! Count y arQueena County Labor Lyceum, f'e!Ul&tiolll. Frat..,.ll y· youn, MAn Ll:wtJ, S.crwry. IIDca B.uliWDI. Thanh to the Chi! ~ 8ureu tbe c-. nde .wu fioally rei......!. Th,i.e i.e only ODe o£ the COUDta in ~ )oq izMlir:c. ment o£ the Consre-io11al rcpreeentatift ol ~ m Ofil •dvanced and raolute .ectiOn of the worit: .clut parti<t." N.....U.el- the Rip in Loc.. l Ji;cw York )"""~ 'l.i.. "' 1M laM ekaion.. Pn. M - . ! 53 rd bepot ~rigade, \ . Thanh very awcb indeed I or yo"" ol J..,. 6th. I am glad to know that you hne boa. releaaed frthe Guard Houae, aod oow bne the froodom ol the camp with the other£b 'eetoh. I ~:~Lay 1,. dow. •t the eamp wi't.bin the week or tiD ell,... aDd · will oortaioly look you . · With boot .nabeo, Si-.ly 8 o'clock. ' Aatoria Local, 458 Broadway Aatoria. L I. , 8 o'clock. 5th Ruuian and Ukrai.oi&D Branch , · Rutgen Squ.are , 2o'd~ JewW. 2nd A. D:, Fo•ward Hall, 8 o'cl k. 4th A. D.: Kings at headquarters, 8 o'cl Bunch 2, 6th A. D., Ki ng• (Jewiah ranch), open air. 2 o'clock. 14th A. D., IUn ~;~~, at Bridge Piau, G and SL 7 o'clock. 8th A. D. ,' ~· Y., lOth Street and 2nd Aven ue, and &ueton...Slreet and 2Dd Avenue, 2 o'cl . 17th A. D., N.Y., open air, 2 o'clock. En: There will be a general rall y of the Le'k jWingua of the 23rd A. D. on May ht, at l Z o'cl l before the Browruville LAbor Lyceum in order t form a unit of the Left Wing for the parade that ill take place during the' afternoon. ' All Lefl Wingen are urs-ed to gather an preeenl a lb'ODJ f ronl . . . Oa Suoda y, April 20th, the Eutern D~ · Con· ftfltion of the Hung-arian Fr.d.eratioO of th ~ial . ilt Party, .doptod the Left .Wins Manif to and Prop-am. Thia it the third Diatrict Co vention of the lhmsari.aD Fedoret.ion to join the Wing-. The.re-rem.aina only oDe Diatrict. the amallo. which is in the wat.. and wblth, up to thi.a time, u not bad an opponu.n.ity to .-oto on the qu«<llio • Tile M.anifeao •nd ProgrMD will Le. lubmiued to t.be •w aod 6le of the Huopr.iao Feduatioo ousf>· Not~a out the United S~ in Lbe form of a rdC'I"edw:a.. ~m:rTES OF REC~L\R CIT\' COMMITTE£ lltETING OF 1ll [ U:FT IH~C SOCrtO:V, HELD APIUL 27, 1919. , ......... em- M inute~ of thf: 1.ut ~ tud ud adopcld.. Mmuu·• uf th~ mcm!.tton.tuv men i..a, ::ad aad ~ au bmtll~ ud Lbc · foUowin& ddccat•· -.a.~ecl M~~t.:Wu:~1 Crou p, 20lh A. D. ·~ %, JtUap Ce.-'W& l.hbu.an.iu Br. 19 joW Ldt . '«'i.aa. del.ep.l.- Y..... Ziltnk u, ako cocurlh•u• SlO. M1oori1y Croup 1.. .W, Br. 2. 23nl A. D . ~ Co... DnW Abo •• Sth Ruw iaD Ukn.lnlu Bt.. Sch waru ud Wateiick. Wrman Ur. 2 Ridac•ood. Cottchalk &Dd Rcicbu\. Mu1 iun e&rrit'd to · b..ltoe roll uU br ai..U., la'leui41· ann• li.t• of dr lcp tN • ·bo mUiol li&B ~ &ni¥al as ..U.., and if anr fa il lu •umcL brant.bfll be MCJ.6ecl K"•l.u ~eated temporari.lf fw 2ad A. D. pecU.c .....cleciJon. llcrmu eeatcd lCIIIporvi)J '"' Sr. 4, lW. A. D. ~ Mot ion anini to lake up i.oMnlc:tlo• ol .......... me<Linc aher Eaee u tl ~ Secntaty'a ,..,.n.. Esraui'e Commiuec'• fTPOf1 ' (a.blut•l : , Nu lAh · ·inaer a4aJJ de~c 011. ~ wUJ. w.w-_ :! to 'S~~~j (;~',\: S.R~ be t....d .,. Muuoa c:an-ied II) dcc:t c:oc..aaiTtee of 6ft to ca.piJ wid! Encu.t.i~ Committee'• alcuu.--U.... recommnd•a ion of mc~iot~~e~~~cf"a~~:::, ~-.::.. ~ plie~ti o na for membn-.hip wisll ~ Commltttt from tbe · J7Lb A. 0 . ukia& r. wh~=ti~~rtc:IT~J'!ot~!'\Jd':;'- •,.wl 150 ...... ,_ ...U.. IRd .. •uf~\ro;r::-:~;:.,:t:~'C~C.:::U.:e:* l.ot e-~t o ne. l2th A. D.: N. Hourwteh., bnacJ.a Bt.; ltl R~ .• ~'D.~ :.~.~-0 ~·,~ ;&.:,~.~- J~'i~d~:·J-.~ ~ £. M.c ,\ lpine. 3·5 6 JO\h A. D. : KCIIIJtr, lad A. D.; Hib· ~ck. 2nd Jf"Wiah Dr.; Miclu.d .. ecr--; l..up.icklc. 7Ui A. D.: CNpehkl<, Ubobolaa U.. Followina oominattd for Ory Coe.aiu• ,.,._ ......,._ : Updpn, 1. ei.AMooc. Wn. Jacob&. Kn. MiiMr, 0.. Mlh, Zucker, lricbe.a.oa. Eaocutift Secn:tarr'• ...,., : Rcqumu W a aU .-oiUA&oer •.,.U.. for W.r .. ....WU. • he.adquutcn. .. · . Motio n carried tUt all Lelt Wia, bruc:llt. • ...U aD R. " '· ulic:~ AdJ~ J:.;..;;,.;-~ .--,.. HELP THE 17th A. D. Rehm>iab lt.t Hoa.._.,._. 0... day after the r..n..it.m, ....... the oJehric wiru, wu atoloe l>r U.. lo.j. era, the memben ol the~ .......... iD l>oldiq • ~ iD their ~· era. The out day U..,. ........ -.1 thet the fvmihrre Woald ... "~ loot' the, wtad ;.. the ......,,, U..t u..,. wantad ..;u..,. U.. hnlitaro 1M 1-Jen. At the , . _ I ...... U..,. .... ..., a frw ol..! ~ . . . a .Mt ol a....tifal _..., eloctric: lqhta. no.,. ..... aJoa.t ho ~ qearten. cloU.... li> natora U.. ...... Will &.e bUDdred Left W'IDJ'.n dooate One Dollar eacb for tbio 7 ~--oe..doot . I ..... AJdreu .U ~~"' ao Juliua Coc1kiDc11 Ul E. t7tli Sbwt . ~ ) �• The New Yorlr c:o......-iat I International Notes lt.oly day strike foz the seneral purpoee of de:nowtratini ahould tnah: op ita mind to take the aame -=tioa ryvfE ILIIi.&ll Socialist Pdty, th.r mo.t powerful Irish labor's 110!idarity with their comude.' in _this country aa wu tak.eo lr crgaou.ed labour .1 party in ' the country, hu for the put two throughout the world, or whether Ma y hl is to Me in Ireland when con«riptiuo wu ahout to be montlu . be-en pau ing through a eritia which hu the initiation of a smer•l rtri.k.e aimed apinst the thnut upoo the Iri.b people. Let "'· tbereroro, dh·ided it into t-.·o faclion.,_ro·r and asainst the f!;OVern.mcnL The reaction.a..ry independent unions eommenoe by doins u Ueland did, and b.ne a un.iDi c::~t o rship o( the ProletariaL Prampolini, Tunti of Belfut., whoae le.den were reaponaible for .....J otop cloy oo May L and other parliamentary leaden have flatly re- brealinl! the recent peral ttrik.e in th1t city, haft ..The Miner•' Fedcntion '¥already pledpd to futed to aupport the Dictatonhip of the Prolet.arilt, suggested that Labor down tools on May g, sJving a ~eral Aoppage for one day upon the 6..nt dcdaring themKives to be agairut bloodshed, and u the reuon that Saturday fall• on thl! day .:.!ld Monday iD May. Perhaps the Minen' Conference considering revolution unneceaaary lo accompl~b ia a h.~ f holiday. Com..r:nen.t.in.f on this action the at Southport., to be held on Tue.day and Wed.Dre. .. the rew rc€ orms the worken need .•• Jloice of /....abour, o5cia..l or!an of the lri..ah Tr&lll· cloy, will g; .. a lead to or!ODioed labour by de.. Violmcc i.J a crime, and futile," Pumpolini ·port and General Worker.' Union, believes th.u ~e daring their otoppar ohall t&ke pi.C. oa May', declares in a rteent article in Awn.ti. 1"here U rank and file in BeUut will ,and with their "'We mu.t all now cb001e between Karl Man another way. U'e aay that th., bourpoilie is a brothen for May 1. and WinJton Churchill. lt ia quite vo-ible that minority , Jtill they rule. We can rule., and the A l)eW factor it the Limerick aituation, which if the Minen' Federation make mong reprCICiliA· way to rule is to cooquer the majority wi~ prop a· bu deTeloped aince the Nation.t Executive Com· lion to the Triple Alliance that body will beck the vudL" mince U..uod iu call, and it i. belit't'ed that I.rL:l Miners' action. It would therefore be i.Dcwnbalt l..azz.&ri, ICIC1'd.ary of the lt.ali an Socialist Party, labor will now utilize May Day for a nation· upon all trade unioni.R.a to eowidcr fa Ybrably IIUCb atandt for the Dictatorship of the ProletariaL ln wide ttrikc in sympathy with tbe Limer~ Soviet a powerful I~ u they would be ~O'ered. an aruwr:r to Pramp~lini, in a aubteiquent U.ue of otrike. "In e'ft'l'"J trade union there are raolutc and AIXJn.ti, be write~~ under the bead, J'iok~ and Diccouragcow meo who are aa bitterly oppoted to con· Ea.Load tDUJrJAip : .c:.ription u Ute Miner&. Unfortunately for the Robert Wi lliams, general MICTdary of the Trana.. Our fathc:n bne uugbt ua lhtt the Social Rev~ members of thete other organitati om there ia Dot lution ia not coup d' etat, but that the maturity port Workers' Federation, ae:o.t the following mea· auch atrength of character at the bead of affain u of ~rt.tin conditions call into action lhe revolution, u.ge calling for a May Day ltJ'ike, tu the London there it with the Mi.nen. The whole of the orwbich ia DeC4!:f!6aJ")' for changing the fOCia l relatiow D.Ur Hero/J : " A! one actively aHOCiated with the Triple In· @&niud worken of Coventry, it ia reportrd, ha"' between men. We rnn.ain fa ithful to this teach · deten:n.i.ned upon thia action. The worken of ing. J( the bour,:eo~1e choo~e~ violence u the lut duttrial Alli..anoe, let me congratulate you upon the Britain want a lead; here ia their opportunity. Do defentc of ill privileges. we "'·ill UN violence to atirrill D appeal in the editorial today to that organ· not let us demonstrate in a wi&hy ·wuby manna iz.ation to decide upon 'action , '"''ift, aha..rp and con.50 iidate the rising power of the- proletariat." for the W'orker1' International while Winatoo V.hile this discussion is raging an other qu~tion atem.' The Triple Alliance and the Labour Party Churchill a.nd bit aa&OCi..ales want to prepare two of more im.modiate htctica l importance----the qu~· are u.krd immediatel y to aummon an lndustr1al million ba yoDet.. to auppreu the Worken Inter· tion of p.tntcipat ion in the forthcoining national Parliament to papple with the present aituation. national throu@hout Eorope." "'The Labour Party Esecutin has paucd a ltrong electi on-is enr:afl'ing the aHention of the Party The r-i~tional Executive or the Britiah Labor branches. II Socid, 1"\aplee, official organ of the resolution upon the terms of the Miners' nsolu~ Party in So~them h.al)·, oppotei participation : tion aubrnittcd to the Labour Party'a League of Part y formulated a Aat.sncnt of ill polky at ..To acctpt the elections, today, means the spend· Nations Conference. The Parliamentary Commit· the League of Nationa Conference held in London in the 6nt week in April. We reprint the lt.ld&in~ of our m er,iea for the continuation of the . t.er of the Tradoe Union CottgTl!N, however, ia •tandins direct.Jy in the way of the withes of the ment in part: bour~is institut ions we oeed to destroy . . . . The ort:anized • ork·people of the country. Organized 1ne Com.m.ittee han abo cowidered the Con· re,·olutionary conquest of parliament is toda y un· avoidable. Every electoral action. now, i~ futile worken are determined that con&eription ahould acription Bill now before Parliament to be unand dangerous and is better ldt to the bourgeoisie. be resi&ted by every possible meana, but the Par- neces.sarv. and a direct violation of election pledp liamentary Committpe, u ill name would indicate, given by resporuible M.ini..sten at the late ~&I The Party mu&t not Lake part in the elections." \election, and dcm.a.nd ita withdrawal. On account of the Cr iai s broup:bt about by thcee believ~ in lobbying and depuLation.s. two questions the Socialist Party called a conven · ..The Committee have also taken the Ru.i.a.n '1"hi.s matter of conaeriptian concerna all ort ion at Rome, in "·hich it wu decided that action ganiud workers, both oul.lide and inaide the Triple aituation in\o apeci.e.l consideration , and. in the wu necf!!iii,.Urr and that the Party ·~ould call maM Alliance. l..a.bow it acc i.Utoroed to demon.strate on . name of the politically-organized w .trkingdue and tMet in8' to propAgate the .-general atrik.e for the May Day or oo the first Saturday or Sunday in Labour mo\'ement., reiLcrat.e their demand that· the relea!'llt of all pol itical prisooen, . the "'· ithdrawal May, ac:cordin«: lo Yaryin! circumslanoea. Labour policy or military inLeriereoce in Ruuia abaJ be of th,- tro'l ps from Ru u iJ~, the ending of the Tri· otopped forthwith. pol itan v.:ar and the immediate demobili.ution o£ "They regret that the inability' of the eo_,. the army. ment to make up their minds rqa.rdins their aUi · ' In Time of War The seneralwike started in Milan, Rome. Turin,, "' tude to Ruuia hu meant that Britiab .oldien hne By lAoioe 8ryuoL Boloroa and tn&n)' other bi! industrial ccntera, b«n left proc:tically ioolated in Murmanrol< ODd resulting. in many place.. in civil war. The g.:• · II'W. -..ur I r..J A..rcha.ngel , ~d expotoed to attac:k; the Commiuee emment i~ uain' the queation of Fiume to re'\-ive Of llw». 10 ..Aom expret.S an emphatic opinion that an arnnpmeot llHir Ao. brou!hl the hysteria among the maNCe and thw ll.a.mped.e Love and f.W. in wir fellol.•, ohould b< made which will leod to the i.mmedate the re\·olution. It will we fiume for political ceuation of boailitts and the aale withdrawal of For mr M>l'l U... 4ad WM lAin«• putpo&eS in the comin'! elections, aild br thit meana J. dot</1 b.com. <luaU.. British troov- {rum Ruaaian aoil · the revolution tuy for a ahort time be pottponed, A• rio< hi/uid< oft<r &A. ,...."'« of &A. lumb<rmo"' "1'he Committee have alao ooesidered tbe OODbut it cannot ~ nerted. The forces which creAte Piliful t~~W.. tM tDrn:U,e oJ •JMntlid wi.JW,IU tinued retention ~ prUon of political and military revolution a..re active and the ltat.e ia in complete I .~ idk, /Hunn; offeode.n, indr-:linl! CoDKientioua Objecton, &Dd bankruptcy. . Mr r..UU. t.-U ,.... """ &4. l>ak <~Wop oflif• cloclo.n thol "" _ , . ohould b< Another petal mike t. called for May Day and •II over the countr > the worken are mullins for But U... wllielo ....,. . ~ ...._ .. . , _ action. On the reeult of thf.e demorutratioM de5pUa ....I 1>< .J.W, pends the immed..i1te future or the ~lOtion in Aw"""'"«of....._ Tho propandiona for ~ action by the lt•lv; if the f!;OVCJ'tl!De"Dt e1 .1 surrin M1y Day lhe .Mr era ,...,.,_ coiJ, Sponioh worhn on May I, haoe ooo oJ.naed tho rn~lotion aiay be del1yed r01 tome m~ntha. Tlwy ,.., iNli8er...Ur ... &4. ~. of bcl<- ~t tbol the worbn bo:no . ~ _moboli.,.J ne PllltJ bu docidecJ ~" ...... conoectiODI with u ooldien to carry OD - . 1 ~ modor the reactioJJt.ry Second Intemal~u.l and alip with On &4. . _ '-IM of..._ ooo\o ...iM a. ...hom military low Ia tloo of a _ . ! otrib. the Third •lmeruatiooal o" lbe booio of the Bol· uw s..a.... w -·u- sr""""' .. --." .;.u., "-iil call ....... Tho Natioaal Eucutioe of the lrioh ~r Party ._ iooued a ca11 f~ a - - ' llriU ... Moy O.y. It io - cloo. whotDor It io p«>pooed to booe a - .........,... ,_,._ SUI _, fooliM ..;. .,;u U.... For ...... iAoy- ,.,,... .. M., , ...... - uw... .... -u p.. ..... ,... u..;r r.. ,-.· ..-......,-...o..ta.-w. ~J""""-'-s municipal llriU io ...lool. 1no -..~...• of tbo 48-bour ..... 1\oo the Tho with .... ....... wltita N.n.. labor io ........... tbo l.oolo., jail, ~ , ( �.I The New York Communid 7 A Window on the World Th~ upit.'llltl pre.a is ftgain r~porting a collapt.e principle~ of Bolshevism." Ia he right? Oa the a.mwer to th is question hang• the hte of the Go\IICrnment'• front on all ~oidn.. •md world to a degree the importance of which it is thnt Ltnin and Trot..d~· are agatn packing the old trunk with gold,and bombt, prepariQ& to evacuate hard to overestimate." This is correct. ~nin U right-hu bon ri!hl to neutntl counlriOI'o. ever aince he slllted the .. The Military Situ.ation ·a. Ra.N'of the 5Mit!l the roe fact m ore than a B~· THE The Teleac:ope Covenant of the Le.ae;ue of Nat.iom c:GDRitutea a defin.te Yieeory for the fore. of Ucbt O\'er thoee of dark.nea.a. JuR ooruider t.he prorilio111 matk for labor. A pmuancnt commiltcle; ooo-t.hi.rd ol. wh""' a>cmbero will be •lec:ted by Labor, ..,... thitd by CapiLli •nd Otte•thitd appoiatod by lho Covem~ta ; will be ad up to deal with labor problcmo. Labor will tl>uo alwoyo loe ia a """"' minority. No wonder the Bolobe.iki ""looiaa lholr Fipl DeW a cardul retding of theae Nme papc:ra, bow· year •so. one diK"o\·ci• the foil owing (acts· The new,papen haJ bcucr !el a move on! The french, abandoning all alotn, are rapidly Out of the Fryina Paa IDto t..be Fa.. leavmg the Crimt.u; onl~ a handful of f.oldien 'I h e Tim~J o f A p ril 2Cith reports the arri.. l at nrc ~&~II pl&tding the dock-)·ard,, in o rder to try and ·. ave the Frtnf"h baula.hip Muabt:cw, which Genoa, Italy, on the tlriti•h w•nhip· Lord fNrLion, wall ltud up for rep.~ ira and e.annot ge1 to lea again. of ~oneral Ruuian Guud Dukes, Grand .\ d!'pntc-h from fVuno)·ank, Siberia, reporLI and the Dowager TN.rioa Marie F~oror,a, all Anotlu:r -rictory r or Domocraq lieo ia the -Ia· thot "a lcrge Boi!Jle,·il force i• endenorin~ to cut former I>· mauacre-1 by thf' Bot.hevild. n, Dowa. oioa 0! M•mo from tho which will eaablo the Sibenan railway line to.JI of 1\.rat.noyarr.k.." ger T!t-.1rina h~t @'One I~ England at the invitation &ny power, to di..poacd. to I"Oitore lawanordcr m Thit. i& new.. Kramoyauk i• half way .crou Si- of Quecu Alexandn , where •he Will- douh lew be that country• without runnin& up qaiut l.be I..pe., her ia. According to previoU5 di~patchea, Si~ri£ granted a pen l ion from the pocket.a of th pate"-' 85 { '~ {rom lloh he,·iki •is rnondu ago; and yet f ul Drit ish tu.-payen. The mi. of the noblea. Of COU!"'e if two powen dlfl'er oa the lawaaorder here ~·e find a " !urge force" openHing " eu t . of twent y·tc\'en in all, are pretty active; contiderine; how d1ey wf're thro\.fn inJo • ·ell• and bomb. the l.agve wit~ ia~ doubt!.; '"""'" ~ . l\.ra,nO\'ank." Of cour~ if tl1e at~ohlJ~-1 to cut droppetl on them. fhey are ~und for Moal.e joiat ezpeclitioa. the Tran!>·Siberian •uccceth, that • ·ill be the 6ni1b of th• t.:okhak um;es, th• AIHccl fo,_ and th• Carlo. Tchekho-Siov~:~k.s in the Ural.. Ital y ~ our idea of e:uctly th wron~ p~!or In view or the !ro<J~=Cy wi11t which the RisiJtt Since a di .. patch from Wau.aw mnre than a a Ruui•:• Grand Duke to land thea.e daye, ~tl-. ite Winsen are c.allfn, in the copa to p~ P..ny month a~to announc~d that General Petlura had frontiers clo&td on account of "revolution dit- unity, ~ tUS8est that an appropriation be m.de made an agr~ment with the RuNian Soviet Gov- turbance~." But then , where can, a pOor royalty out of P'"any Iundt '!' buy polioo ;.tuat.. . ernmeot, and that the joint Ru6-ll ian and Uhaini.a.o so? arrni~ were f1~hting the Frtnch in the Crimea, we 1be Rirbu and Wroar• of Small Na • We learn that 1 aew ollioo lw ..-..! fail to understand "'hat 3 meant by the reported -Mr. Wilr.on ha• ju!t refu~ to ~ant' F to iD Loe.J New York--aominai.Jooa Are oow i..a 'onler 1urrcnder of the Bolt.hevik Fint Anny to Petlun'a ltal )', on the ground that it helongt, by et*olop: ror OL:ial Locbmith. Lhainian troops. and economic r ight, to the new Yugo-Siaj Stale, The only miliLary re,·enes auffered by the Soviet and mutt tcrve u commercial outlet to H nsary, • We undenLiod thot eharp IU'C beias p~er...d armiea in the lut three weeks which appear to ~hernia and Rumania-which are, u aay1, a~aint Aldenn•n C.lmao for u.lna aon-uoiOQ ..,., have any foundation in fact are a withdrawal of :·among the 1maller State& who~ intereitl ere ing V&nl in ..reor~&nir:ios" Puty' Brmcbea. 1 of the t\1\elve mile!~ on the Munnanik front. and the eucu- henceforth to be ufeguarded u the in atio:1 of the village of Stcrlitmak. near Ufa. mott powerful States." Ad.:.,rtu'""'"':-Tbe Lert Wilts i1 ia the .....n.t Fortunately we have the 11tory of an Arilerican In the meanwhile the SerbiAn• are forcibl ·~!for .«ond·hand Braneb fumiture-prefertDCe will reporter, published in the Globe of April 23d. of ithing the independence of Monteoqro, ith the be givea to SocioHot Otlicialo who b..e 1 iarpl• the Sterlitm:tk affair. It aheds light upon the help of Italian and C\'en American tzoo ' • and on hand, or pawn ·Lif~ for the N.ZDe. methods of wMfare employed by oUr ..allie~'l in adding it to the Yuso-51..- territory u.n the Siberia. hegemony of Serbia. Ji it rumored in Paria that the Peace Coo!e:rt~D~:. "We covered twenty kilometen a day,.. he "'Y'· On April 26th the preu reporu that Pr'ide:ot ..ah...av• pushing the Heda back on Sterlit.rna.k, and,• Wi1110n delivered hiBaelf of a t tatcmentl. aboUt hu mnoved the lumitUre from OrJ.a.ndo'• bo.dquar1en, a:iJd hu put a~ frank lock oo the door. • ·hen Communist& fell into our hands, trealin& 'hem . Egypt, wh~re the people, riling asainlt Bri · rule, r l cr. £hfhc.et, ., . wsve, I \ ..,a . . j;,. '*-' lf liM o.uCUJi11J." After the solemn promiJ.es of the Britiab and American Government& to \1\-ithdraw thelr troopa fr om Ruuia, it is interesting to read about the new Allied "offensive" in tile North, and the openly. es.preased hopes of the AJlied commandeu to. be able to effect a juncture with the Siberian forcee of Admiral J\olchak u eoon u tummer comce. Thi1 ia a continuation of the well-known Allied 'll:taleM of tl1e "crab-retreat," illwtzated by the Tchekho·Siovak "withdrawal" of lut yeu, ' When the noble BohC'tJtian troops, bound for Vl1d..ivostok; •uddenly found t.henuelvea going Wcst.'toWud Mo.cow. Crawliaa Oat of a HoW The capitalitt preu, with ita unioterrup~ publication of filtJ..v fal.dlood about SoYiet Ru..aia, 6.nds itaelf in d."n~er of complete reversal 'tbrous.h the large vf lume of coucct informati_on which it beginnins te leak into thia country, even throush o&ieial IOUf'Ce&. It mwt ther-efore set iUelf into • poo;JM>n to be able to the racu. A recent Ateoc:iated p,_ ditpatcb from Copen; b'!""· tho Fothu or Ueo, rcporu thot "on account or the attitude or the poopl•. the Decroo on No· tio..liution or Women bu t-t ouopoodccl by ilie s~viet Gonrameot in ccrt.ain pro.incea... Now come. the Globt, with an editorial oD the Le..ia iat.erricw recently publiobod. "Lcia oayo de6u;tely GAd for U.. for-' tim. ia today'• iatuY;ow that 'the, majority or the Rwoiaa workmeo anti peua.nta today coDIICiowl y adhere to 'a.re bfo:.Og mauacrecl in the Jtreeb or' C.lro. in a note comn:iunic.ated to Gcner'al llen.by, Brii.i1h Special lligb CommiNioner for pt and the Sudan, tl1e Pretident recogni.z.es the Brit h pro· t«torate over Egypt. • ·hich was proclaimed during the war on Dcicemher 18, 1914. Tbe note pr ..The President and the American peop have every tympathy with the legitimate upirat oo. of tlu; Egyptian people. for a further meuure f .elf· @OVernment, b&JI lhq ti~W u•iJh regrd an t6ort. 1.0 o61Gin a r,.o/i:GJitm of tluJie GJpircuioru art· wrt tD vi.Dknce." I · Apparently it Clependt upon the aiu o amall nations whether tl1ey thall get Mr. Wilton •rmpathy- and alao, who'• the opprtiMOr. The hypoc:rlty of "deplorins violence" in the .arus.-,:lee of people aodc.ins political freedoPt, jua alter a colOMa! war "to free the world," tl"fident to need empbuia. Iii ..., L e ft w·mgers. .' I • · Come and be o...,...u.d I at th• REORGANIZATION Ell~· - 1 -d Da.... to be held by t~e .~7tio A. D, at ;11 H•~ 1538 Mad~a Avenur., ncar 104th S treet, 00 ......-., Ma1 Jrd.. PURPOSE : TO CELEBRATE THE AdmiaoioeREORGANIZATION zs CA.t.o s.T, ... UoHk, the Peace Co~r..._, the Rand Scltool hu ded d•d to recogniu the Boldt.. N.. York Commun~l is asain for We at U.. Boolulor&. ar:d Rip;lu Wingen con aow have their daily bote without leaving the prem.Ua no-:.rt.. . . We an pleated to an.nou.ooe a rictory for ti.e Left Wins piinCiple of Party oWDCnbip and coo- • trol of the pre.-we learn that • woakly, hu.moroea poper. iron;c.lly eaiiOd Tt.. SocW;.,, il oltortly to be wued. It il rumurccl that it will be ooatrollod by Lbe E1ecutive Commlttoe of I...oc.a.l ew York, who in order to abow their impartiality will tinUIOO it out of Party f unda accruina from the ..;UJ( 0.. Stampo to Right and Left Wia,... alike: .. . Ilea Gltlow hu been iadietod by a prom.i.,.mber a{ Local BroiiJI aad will obortly be dragod . •. . before the pi..once oomnoillee. lt · il te'ioood that the c:Aarp io BoloDntiao. . Enslaad bu ju borro-.1 f7S.OOO.OOO r.Spaln. Spoia hao cloeidOd tblot iD lature olto wUI .... opend her _ , ""'""' ... IL E-y - The . ... oibaatloa . . . . . . l&ory: or . . qld _, lri.l. , ras A1...,, pbts to noioo r- ...-. IIIIIIJ*y. IIOT,My: Tbat'o be. I wao i • ...,....,. bow the cloril I wao soiat oo raioo k ..,...u. • • I �The New York Commm>iat 8 ..fhe Pink Terror II. The Pillage of the IS-20th A. D. H AVII'iG uppod the policeman wbo ufefU&'cled the looting or the 17th A. D.'o budquall<n, and du11ed off the mo,-ing·van with which llle crirae wu accompli.hed, the Right Wingert met once more i.n the crypt of the Rand School. No loopr were they obtLructed by Democracy--the Cc:ntnl Com· mittee had been indefinitely adjourned. Nothins remained which could hamper Ute free we of braa. lc.nucklee upon the penon• of the rank and file. A Com.."Uittee wU 1ppointed to tuggest wayt and meana for Prescrying the Unity of Local New York. lt wu finally decided that the only way to preter"Ye the PaMy intact wu to expel molt of the mcmbcn. The Cor:J.ade chairman of the Committee on Porth-Ciimbing repoMed that he c:on~iderecl it no longer neccuary for hia Committee to operate, since the Minute• of the Left Wing meetings wae now openly puhlithed in the Neu.t l'ork Comnwrli.u. Commiuee on ruding TM Communill wu then appointed. Casting about for the nes:t Bra.neb to dettroy, the 18th·2'0th J•. D. wa1 .elected. This Branch lies nm to the 17th A.. D. wbote demi.Je we recorded Jut week.. It haa afwaya been a particularly humonious Branch. all mectintt• being conducted in the best of ~~~:ood feeling . . Howevrr, the bacillus of the Left W1:1g h.:1d hom infecting more and more of the Comrades, until there wu a clearly a Left '\'ring majority in the Branch. At t.he re~lar busineu meeting of the Branch on April lith it was dflCided to hold new elec:tiona for delegates to the Central Committee, to 'ta.k.e place at the next busineu meeting, on friday, A)>ril 25th. The nnl meeting wu perfectly ordrrly. Both aides had mobili.ud all their aupporten, and the hall wu cro•·ded. The Ri~t \\'ingen, beaded by Jacob Hillquit- who, although he livee in the Bron:1, is Lteasurer of the Branch, •hicb ia in HariC'Dl-ileclined nom.inationt for the Central Committee. • The Branch ia entitl~ tc ti.J: dt iCf!;ata. tight c~didates were nominatrd; a.nd the tiJ: Ldt Wing· en were elected. Dr. Aronson, the hi(l:hest.. polled 68 ,·otes, and the two lowe~~t, 47 ,·ota apiece. Com· rade Ma.rkel, a Centrist, • ·ho .aid in Lhe debate that the Left Win[t "should be 'iven a r.hance to ahow what it can do," •·as ne·verthtless defeated. ]'he ummimoua action of the Right.. '\1i' inp:en .bowed that there • ·as PoOme sort of IC'heme on foot, 1o0 lftrr the meetin~ t.he Propa@anda Committee pro. ceed;u to ~opy the reeor cb of lhe Dranch, for rear' that Alderman Cnlman and his movin8·Y&n might swoop down and carry them off. Ala~! Their (orcbodinp wt'Tr only too well founded. The nm morning aomebody broke open lhe door. jimmied tht Financial S«re~ny'a deK., , and took away the record.\, which were afterwart\ ftturned to the Branch by .a unall boy. That nenins when lht: Yips.el5 came to headquanen for their regular meetmg. Lh~y d itoCovercd lhe door fute.n.:d with a triple-bar Sie@:el lock eostlo& nine dollano--the nin~ dollan evidently ' being receipt~. thr aale or du~«ampe: and window fasten· en on e''ery window. Theee bad been pllleed theft by the Uec:utive Committee. from The Yiptels broke into the hall .ant\ be"an .thetr meeting. Immediately a delesat:io-D of RiP.,t Win!· en appeared. heoded by Es-A...u.l,......, Karlin, for padlock. mu.t now be fairly Jup on the booU Loeal l'iew York. ) On Sunday, April 27th, the Left Wins memben o( of the Br~ held a J:¥1eCiiog in headquart.e:n, and One Reaoon for an Oreanization Within an Orea.nization The loUpina Jeuu wu leAl by Ju.liu• Gerber, £ucuairr Secrct&r)' of Local Nn, Y•k. 10 a ftw urduJJ,.pickrd ruab1 Wiaaera. ' The halica an Some ol the raulu of lhe Confere:oee an DOW nidtoL Dear Comrade,_!"" Yf rk, April 19, 1919. be~s ': :~~ina~ ,hec~~;;e~£~aF~: Yo~k :C~~nga~. ~~n~:~~~~;r~I0!~L7 r!~ 1~~ Str..._ The aituati.Jn in the party is rather critical at Lhia lime, an.d &l i.J nlmoJl Wo lok now lo sum thr ·id~. We ought to be clear among ouraelves what we will, or can do. The ao-called Left Wing if determined to either capture or aplit !he party. What the capture of the party by the Leh Wing mc.an!o t~ught t6 be :evident to any one " ·ho ha! watched Lheir ~rformance. On the other hand, is it worth while for the aincere Sociali5t to keep the 6gilt up ? While we are fi~hting among ounel\let Lhere is no work for the party. Our ener ~::..e, our time, and the mof'e)' is wasted ·in the fight among ounelves. A split in the party will ai this time do irreparable injury to our party and lo the Causc, while t~ conuol of t~ Party bl' theJe irrnporu ibl~ p~opk u.'ill tn4k~ the P~rty on oullau.1 or&an~Dlion , and brealt up I~ or&an· iuuion. ' Tuesday evening, the Central Committee mceta. At thi11 meeting the tiU u.·ill be ctut GJ Jar GJ Lo<-..G/ Jlew York i.J concerMd. We ought to drcide before Mn.J. We • ght to know what "'e are to do. The reuon Lhe Left U'intt has pown and is ma.J.:in~ot converu is because they hll\'e an o.r~aniution tlutt does nothing el-e. They ha\·e their orE'ans that give their side. They act as a groUp • ·hile ""·e ha,·e neither organi· uti on, nor press t The Ca ll shou ld not be used for factional purpo~n) and our com· rad~ act u indh·iduals. Re1ult U cho.oJ on Ol.!.f • itle, or&anUGiion, di.Jcipli.M aM succeu on their Jide. .Aa the official of Local f'ew York, I have tried · to do the part-y'• work re~ardleas 1of facti on, hne tried u mufh u poasible to keep faction alism out of dle party. But the time hu come when I ha,·e a duty to the part~·. and my duty compels me to eaJI thi.a oonference to lay the situation before tM party memlnn. I hne for myself decide4 as to my coune and my ftcti'on, but I feel I have no right to do &n)thing without the kno•·ledge and Cllnaent of m )· comradn. My cou:~radn, who with me have helped to build, maintain and hold to· 1dher our part)·. and for thi• reuoa I am to heu that the 18th-20th A. D. h"' been thoroughly ..reorganiud,.. and that the great majority of. lhe ronl: and file bu joined the Party Bread-Line. What further atrocitiea bave the Sem.i-Cornraclt:. in atore for us? By what machinationa do they intend further to lacerate the poor, bleediq Left Wing ? Time. aDd the next iMue o£ TJ.e Com"""'"'· alooe will toll Socialiot Politician• ~lean Anower THE coluiiUU of thia paper are open to R.i&ht Winge-• to reply to thia editorial io the New York Time1-which ia, .10 far u our know lec:i«e goes, the ooly iotelli.geot editorial which eYer ap· peared in the New York Times : 'Tbe SociW.C Conar- at Pari& OD Tu.Uy ftlt.Od. by a majority o( 89ol. lha1 II tru williq to jo.I..D t.M Socood IDternatkJD&le pt'O't'ided thai tbo.e wbo were Soc:Wista oDl, La uame were escludc.d. Bu1 the Conar- drew a liDo apia .t the Third ln!S"Datioaale, !.hat ill LD01'1. ud a motion lo adhere 10 b ~ed only 110 W'Ola 1De denuDci•tt<m of the BoUh...~W it aood · rudi:ac. a.ad far be II from ~ to .., an~1 iD their dcfeo.c. The dict.aJor· abip of tbe proleuriu ;. hateful 8 \11 wiry sboald lM Soda.lia• cknouo« il wbaa praeticed by the Third lllter· u.aif.twe. loran&ia& tha1 it wu 1M tu.Mamental ad ~ Dal proDO~I ef LIM: Fin:t ID!en.&tiou.le! Ia tlw word• of tbe CommllaMit MalliJMto, aen:r repud.i.at.. lr! uy Sociali.l authority : The 6rst •ep m lhe ~lutioo by the work:fq cl- ~ ~ .•bc,::'data~·:h~e l:!ti~ort!':;:t: • • • by - - of dapotie iJirMda propen:y. OD th~ rithta of Tbe 6.nt tnt of Lbe onbodory ol Soc.la.U...U b, the Fint ud Seuod ltl!enu.tioul• aHkt wu adbeaioa to the pmCfs.!D of "'coa.queac of Lbe public: pawen by the proleuriat :~~g to~;o.'l!o~~P.-~t ~b.J!:l0~u~~! Commincre roeds that evening and we will mett .oon thereafter. orpniJ.ocl u a da.ie p&rty.'" Admittecll,, then u t . , . . pecc.adiU- da.u(Ubk 10 the Boi.Mteriki, but wbo C&D . ., that tht7 ha•e DOt CMJoni:IOd to lbe tint requ.ie.ite of orthodea eoc:La.H-! '!rho are tbt- T'!nl • Second ltltenu.liooili.. tha.t tliC'J a.hould poiat the 6nca- ol eeona at their brttJuoeD pilrr of ese- of . .J? Ea- pro61a, w dacrimi.o.aa~ ~ the t oo rich. rMlrictioo of ra.ilwafl uul, ~ liN Dot Ute toochltoa. of IIOC.i.aliaa, wbet.ber !.be, be aood w ... .4. l o Wn , 10ei.alilm ia Dot toci.aJ rd01m, ud there • ~ Deed of diMnnr.:J of all tbe lat~ticn~alee.. M wtD u the Third.. b, U.C. wta.o ue ..ockJen for ~· '0. dntODM:en flf Ole 'Third laterutioa.&le .. a c:an...tan ol eoc:i.,;ilal en ~.... plhy of the- eame &alt. they d.iwrow l.be d.icu!onhip of lbe prulet&riat, the '"coD· ~ or the Su.te... ud tJte C01161catloe of c:apltal. n-. tawb are a«1 ...oi6od b.c:a..r theM wbo prKtiot ~ an pi]ry of •Hr ..~.. m lhiWdr'ds ef l..alnJI. m u.. Mttemetr c:ahled to tiM T"'-, D . wb,idl M ............ ad...._to l.be plat{- .f tlM ~ • ....... abc.ft. ~-~-..c...rn.c .w- 1 know thi1 may inconvmtence you. I know you are out ni,hb and perbaP' will hne to be out a,ain Tuesday at the Central Commiuee but belirn me thi• m.ttrr is importance moupa 10 that you can m.i:lt e hoar'• tleep and put up with a little iDeon· of <fmieDce. SiDoorely, mel compoaed of Shilb, E:atact. Sbpn.... mel a ]t1UUS c...... fria>d who w.. not a Party membe-. Shilb of· . r.....t to fight one of the Yipaela. while KariU. l!:::==============~ U.,....,rted 10 t..wiM Yipu!. orru<od Jo' b'...U.. decided to allow the EsecutiTe Commiu.oa to r.x~" .,.J ~n.uriA&. Altu the' Yi~' merJtln« wu ow:r, the f UJlliture or t.ake ey ot1tc iiJ..al they the Right wu.p. as.U. looked the hall, thio ~ plea.t.d, but oot to ..ubmit lo the ntOI'p.Diutioo IOOiD& an ordu.ary loek. (Tbe n- of upeo>dihu-a di.olutioo of the Br....b wilboot a •o&a of the actioo 1n11jority of the memben.. Tbc na~ and addral. of those &.«•irut the actioo of the Eucutift'committee wt:rc t.a.hn down. ' In the middle of thu, Ennc:t, Sbilb mel Sbprncntered. Shpr1tzcr uid, "'fake my name. I ...m to join the Left Win&." He wu referred to 43 W• 29th Street, where we eap)y await him. Sbilb tJ..., remarked that at Mond>y ....,inc'• meeting. of the Eucutift Committee, the bu.si..rx. of ..reorga.n..Uing" the l&h·20th A. D. would be taken up; and tA.o.t on Tausdoy evef'Wt.«, April Z9U., a mutin& kJ ..,~or,ani.:t'" 1M Bronch would~ MlJ Gl Harlem Terro.u Jloll, Oft HUlh Str~et. bdtoUrt 2nd ond 3nl Aw,..;.,. Aherward, however, Sbilb den~ that he had aaid thia, but announced that he J u going to prefer chargea againll the Propaganda Committee for breaking open the Finaoc!ll Secretary't deaJL By the time this paper is off the preu, we aped or ..... ,.---.. Either • Sociolior bel;..... iD the cl- otnta!.. "'J>ropriatior~ of the a:p.,.prialora, "ODd !iDeo ap with the Boloborik mel c-.m..;., _of EoMpe; « be joa tbe Saooecl lahmatio-Aal (DOW cieltmd) mel defi.oiteJy alfioo himooi: wilh Jolooo Spat"p. Scheicioaazm. William ~lola. Wallizll. J. P. w.._ me~ s--1 Gooopon. the J � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. 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New York Communist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/79afda074b518ce2ff0bb07d2ac82674.pdf ae93d12ea7225af6ffbf5ab6b07095a3 PDF Text Text 7She New York C -O MMUNIST Vol I, No.2 New York, Saturday, April 26, 1919 Price 5 cents ' The Left Wing and the Revolution By Louis C. Frain~ T HE distinguiShing fenturc of the contro\'crsy in the Socialist Party betl\'eell the Right Wing nml the Le ft Wing, between the moderates nnd. the re \·olutionists, is that the Hight Wing rduses to develop a nd defend ita reol prOgrurn. This is partly fear, partly cnmouflnge, nnd p nrtly sheer stupidity. The moderates hn\·c n pr ogram, nnd n consistent progrnm It consists of parliumentnrisrn, of re· forming Cap italism out ~f existe nce, of munic ipnl· izntion nnd nntionnlizntion of industry o n the bnsis of the bourgeois p nrl!nmentnry state, _of the theory thllt the comi ng of Socialism is ~he concern of nil the classes,- in sl;ort, the pol icy of the moderates (which is in itself consistent, while inconsistent "'·ith fun damental Socialism ) ia a policy of petit bourgum. "li~ral" State Capitali.Am. But Lhia policy broke d~wn mi.erably under the LNt of the grut cri!-iA of lmperialifit'l ; it broke down under the te,._ t of the proletarian rt"Volution , and revuled itM:If 8 ,. fuodamenlAII)· counlrr·rn·olutionu-y. B ... t the moderat~. ea.~tioll~·. tti ll cling to thiA reactionat")' policy. althnu@:h ll1ey ue compelled bv circum~t.anca to di!lguite it, l .l ca.mouRage it ._:ith cheap talk about ''being left wing" and "• ahift t9 tl~e left" in the international movement, compelled to wait until 11normnl" times in order openly to defend their reactionary policy. So the moderates refuse to discuss the fund amentals of the Left Wing Manifest~ and Program; they refuse to oppose their real· policy to ours; they dare not.. .. Accord ingly, the Right Wing indulges either in vituperation of our revolutionnr)' comrades, in thr~Ats of expulsion (guarditms of the unity of tl1e Party!), or in sopl1istry. Characteristic of this sophistry was Algernon Lee's letter in the Call of April 2nd. Lee implies that the acceptance of the Left Wing policy depends upon an actual. revolutionary crisis, and anya: Jlave we reuwn tu expect a revolutionary Critlt in thi~ country in the proximate future, uldc from the pouibility of tuch a cri1i1 ~eing voluntarily precipitated by one e.lemern or another? In tuch 11 cri1i1, i{ it 1 hould be precipitated (no matter by whom) would the mmruity of the peop:e prot•ably be actively witn us or against ut? Or would the majority remain neutrsl and inen, ready to accept the outCome of the com!Jat be1ween a revolutionary rr.inority or\d a reactionary mi'nority? In this !suer ca~. taking into sc:count onl)' the euppoKd active minflritieA, which of them would probably win in • decitive 11ruggle at thi• time? On the baeit of our anewen to thr~e qucttiont, have we res~t~n to tee~ or welcome· a ha11ening ·~;~f the crisis? Thtte arc fundn.mental quettiont. Upon the answert we give to them must rest ~ur. decition on det•iled problt:mt of method• • nd llcllcs.• They • re un~apsbl e question._ )t is important to undrrstnnd the imnrediate "moment" in the great social struggle as a basi.J f o r action; but Lee uses it lo make arguments against action. 'The policy of the Left Wing, in general, which ia the policy of re..·olutionary Socialism, ia not a policy only for an actual r.evolutionary crilis. The unr~lenting tactics of the clns.s struggle, of tho an· 10 bring prolctnrinn pressure upon the Ctwe.rnment: togonism on all isJIItJ between the pro'lctarint 11.nd Get the workers to tl?wn toola in. the ahopa1 m1uch the bourgeoisie, function .in " normal'; I ns well as to other ~hops to pull out the workers there, get in ..reyolutionnt)'" t ime!~. 1 out in the street& in mast demonstrntion!,- thnt is It didn't require nn nctuul revolutiOnary crisis MMa nction we cnn u~ now. wl lhcr or not we t~.re to oppose the imperialistic wnr. ! ' in an nctunl rc,•olutionnry cri~S. ' 1 's to make It didn't require n revo lutionary e~i In proletnrinn dictator hip 1 implied the nt~el!!§• Lee's acceptarlce of the war "in order t~ save the aity of overthrowing tha · political parliamentary [, Rm~s i nn Re,•olulion" a betrnynl of S ialism. alate, ""d tther the conquest of power organiling H didn't re<1uire n re\·olutionnry cr~·is to make " new proletnrian stntc of t!1e organized produt~cra, Lee's voting for Liberty Bonds,' n betr ynl of So· of the federated . ovicl3. The:ac concePta were inl· cinfist practice. · plied (if not fu lly cxprcue<l) in revolutionary h didn't require n re,•olutionnrr cri is to rnnkc· industria l imionisru., which cqun ll y cqntnlncd in which is itMif the iniplication of mnn nction. It volution· Lee's voting for n "Liberty Arch," inscribed "'1\turmonsk" '11 n glory or tl American nry industrinl unioni m placed parlinmentnrlsm in troops, n betrn)'"l of the intcrnntionnl proletariRn its proper pcrepcctive. The 'ncceptanca of ·and tho revolution in general, nnd the O\'iet epublie in propOgandn for rcvOluiMmary industrial unionl~m particular. • did not require nn ttctutl l ravolutionnry crisla: y~t It doesn't rcquirt> a revolutionary to con· modentc. rdw.cd to ~Ceept thiJ Yital ~.... dcm.n the. poJiC)' of pctl)'•bourgoois re rmiAm an.d c0ntributi9n to. re-tolutiODII')' lh0ory and ~ compromue purturd b" Algernon and hta (e\·en rd'uwd to acocipt iad~l unitbl.piAM confre:re1- in the Boa.rd of Aldermen. · oecctU.1)' ia the i.m.mcdlate eeoaomk lb'u~ow3 And h d~'t require an ·aelual ar immediate ~ol 1t is miw:rable tophllllry t o . ai5.Qai~~ ~olutionary cri~iA to accept the M~ifc&to and Left Wia~ policy acc.ords only with Propam of the Left Wing: bur thi.J oktpU~riu U ~uti?n. Th.At- i~ prcci.ael r wh.t the-.-~ TICCeJsary for the immediate struggh: of t~e mom ent, Europe snid. When t11c wnr broke; the modo.rnt01 and a.s a preparation of our forceJ for !he reuolu· (led by Schcidemnnn , Cunow, Plckhnnov nnd Knut· tionary Jtmgg/e that is coming. . . . 11ky). declared thnt tl1c Dnacl MnnifeJtO hnd proven Let us discuss this problem more 1 11y. lt, is wrong in C:()JCCting: nr,t irilmcdintc revolution, Lltnt necessary to completely expose tho mi able argu· the mn.ssea hnd nbandoned Socinlism, tharofor · they hnd to 1mpport nn irilperinlistic wnr ! Dut tho mcnl! of the Hight. 111e central concepts of Left Wing heorr nnd Ooscl Manifesto did not nu umo nn immedlnt~ r«WO• practice nrc mnss action nnd · prolet.ari~n dictator· Jut ion: it uu erted that war I()Oulcl bring an eco· ahip. From tiH~se concepts flow three ,rete of toe· nnmic and 3oci11l c~i'Ji3, am/ that ! ocialiJm .should • tie5: before, (lur:i ng nnd after the Rcvol~tion, The t:c. tlu'.i cn'JiJ to luwcu the comins of re11olutionary immediate umoment" in the social fit gglc may ctron. . compel a different cmphnsis; but the I ctics ore o The moderates in Germany said it waJ absurd to unity, odaptoblo to tl1c purticular requ1rcmcn~JJ of expect n revolution; ond then~thcy used oil their · power to prt:IJct/1 ll re\'olut i,on, And when tho pro· the social struggle. Mns!t nction implies tho end of the exclusive lctnrinu revolution loosed it!!Cif in net ion, ~he mod. conc~tfation o·n parliomentat)' tactics. 11 It.i mJllies erotes nctcd consist ntly nnd fcrocioualy '11gninat nwak'clring the industrial proletariat to net ion, the tho revolutionary proleta riot. bringing of mnss proletnrian pressur1 upon the In Ituu io, the moderntcs enid n J)roletorlnn rflVO• capitalist. 11tate to accomplish our puq)otca. It Jut ion was impoJ.•dhle; hut when it cnmc, they acted · means shifting the centre or our octivitr from ~he against (I,Q revolut ion. That it1 the nttitude of !he modernte Soclnii11U parliaments to rhe !ihops and the s\reeb, making . our parliamentary activity !limpl y n ,ph+.e of ,mass everywhere, who arc rh·ctcd with c.i hnln.s Qf iron action, unt il the nctunl re\·olution compels us com· to the bourgeois parlinmenti.ry stnte, who nrc nb· pletcly to abandon Jlnrlinmentnrism. l\fnss action sorbed in futile pett y IJours.eols reformi1111 ond has its phases. It isn't necessary to hnvf an actual the "grndunl penctrntion of ocinliun ,into apl· revolution in order to use mtus nction,- hefore the tali11m." ·nu:lr nrguments rnny nppenr p lttuiiiiJie~ final form of mRS! action we may usc i ! prelimi· until the test of the proletorlnn revolution rcwea lt nary forms, in which, howevCr. the ftnr l form .is them ns sophistry. Lee'•. a'rgu1~cnt• and policy potential. Toke, for example, our clos, War pns· nre charneteri•tic of the Schcidcmnnru, t!u' Hen· oneu. Jt is necessary to compel th6ir llihc,r111ion. denons nnd the Vandervelde.. ·. • • • The Right Wing depends upon appeals lf> the Gov· frnpcrioliam, ' roughl y, nppenred fn l900i and ernment which ha.s impri.soned our comrpdes, upon with ill appenrnnce developed tJu, revolt Dgt~inlt liberal public opinion, upon CO·oper8tion with pnrliomentnry Socinlism,-Syndicollt m, lnduatrlnl bourgeois and cssentiolly reactiontary or, 811 izations Unioniam, Mns• A<:tlon, Dollhevl•m, tl1e Lcfl Win~ in 11Amncsty" conventions,- upon ever~ thing ex· Imperialism, 81 the· fi nal t togc o( CnJJiUIIIJm, ob· eept the nggresaivc mass effort of the proletariat. jectively introduced the Social·Rev~!utioitaty epoch. The Left Wing proposes a mo.u P.Olilictal llrike lp But the dominant moderate Socinll•m dJd ~ot adApt compel the liberation of our impri.Jonedfcoinradca, (Corulruwl on Pill• I) 1 ct'•iA the azi......., ..-.., ·. ' j ·I ;,; I �The New York c..........m.t 6IH- New York COMMUNIST s.m.., OILcioJ Or...,. al U.. Loit Wiq Socialiat Party Ow.....t and Conb'<>Uecl h1 Loc:.l Gr-ter New Y ori< JonN~ . · EA.DwoNM M.u :A.utNE • A.uoci.au Edilor M.u..l~ Con~ . Btuinu• MG1J41er .. EJisc,WJ BOON! N. 1. HoUR..,cu B. D. WoLf< N. Zucx.n J. WlLI>I<1010 Pabliabecl E....-y Week. . SUBSCRIPTION RATES thow.and worb:n out.. thm it would be better• coai·..W.ea will pacify tho fra.c.h coai...U...I &.1 under praent eonditiooa, not to aucmpt what Wilaon - . . . to be .bo~ apioat tloo cW.. would only rauh in pro•ocation and YioleDOe oo.. of Italy ODd Jape. the pArt of tho aoldion ODd tho police. If anythins ,...., ~ "'..,• ....,the ....._. of Europ&-a.nd of Amoric.--of the camp.... ODd cynical betrayal of all tho ' iclala' far w!.ich they were penuadt:"'i to aupport the war. tbe liil:aatioD el tho peacolou Peace Conf.....,. in Poria 0C0j1b1 ,. 6niab the job. The Peace Conference ' Breakinr Up THE world nowccb~ a. -=tins Yf!IJ much .. the CommuolAI Maoifato aay. it ousht to .ct. Nation by nation, the workcn bccoce aware of their claM inten:at.a, rUe. onrthrow their rulen., and talr.t into their own bandt the rein• or power. Abtolutely r.ccordins lo Marxian theory do the variow clu!'el peTform their put ~ the d.ranu. of Social RCYolution, u il the band of Man: were manipulating~e atrinp, that contr? l them.' Capitali3m ia topplins on:r of i~ own ahecr •~i81•t.. •pre.dins blood and death u it falls. At the ~roaU of all the European Go~ts ia the hand of their d i.tillwiooed worken. 1 The imperial· iru do not dare openly to .pppo.e _the armed mu..es Sinfk Copies, 5 c~"" they hue cre.ted u cann'crn,fodder, they do tlOt BUDdie Orden. of 10 or over, 3~ Cenu a Copy. 43 w ...t Z9tb Str.t - - - Now York City dare, for eumple, to burl gr~ um.ie. upon the Rul6ian and the Hungarian Revolution•. And yd . they cannot move witho'dl bringing the Re"Yolution May Day e¥eT oeuer to their people. DAY is the revolutionary holiday-the Tbe. Pea<'e niermce at Paris il breaking ·up. day or the clu.a coru.ciow P!Olet.ariaL The imperiali..t.u cannot agree oYer the 1poil1 of Thi1 year it will dawn upon at leut two Soviet war. The w.a r was begun by two gre.at groups of RepULlie&-- R.us.sia and ' Hungary- and perhep1 capita list• n atillru competing for control of wotld more ; for i..D theee day~ a loo'oek ia a long t imt iD markets. And now the victorioua Powcn are wl1ich to overturn a "·orld. Bavaria ap~• to be gnhbinst And the irony of it is,lM71:lo not We conaolidati.ng her proletarian go\'ernmmL AJ we not to pa.b! · so lo press, the ~a liail frontier ia doted on ac· The worlr:en of aiJ European ·countriee &re C1· couni of " revolutionarY ev~nt5." Everywhere in hau.sted and h iuer. They say, "You hurled w Europe the prolet.ariat is 1tirring or ri•iQg to take into war. You made fine promi~e~ to u.& if we the power. fought and won for you. Now what do we get?" May Day of thi ~ year will be greeted by the The Gonnun~nla und.e:nltAnd perfectly well :"·hat European workers with many demooatratioru of joy and hope. In many cities of this country, too, the worken mean. They - ·ant power to ' COD• there are el aborate plan. for uniting the working trot their own Jives, more leUure, more freedom. cJu.s i.e one demoMtration for many working clue a greater .bare in 1M producu of their toil. But eau.es. F01 inatance. one group "·ill hail the pro· of coune the ruling-clue cannot give the workers letarian rt:\'olutions of Europe; another; prou.t the.e thin~t would cut down profita. So they the impri10nment of Moo.iey : another, unemploy· Illy to thett'bM:Ivc., the diplomatP. in M:Cret cou!Kiiment; another will demand the • •ithdrawal of ...We've got to .how .o~mcthing for this. We've got to tum to the wor\.era and .ay, 'Look at what we American ·troops from Ru~ia ; and ~ on. Only in r"'ew York we hne made no estt:tuive conquered for our country! ' or coune the workera prep~ation1 fpr the gredt day. The Sociali.Jt won't get anything out of it, but il will aati.sfy their Party will hold a &eries of prottst meeting., in dif. patriotism · to know that our ~18 '-'&Vet over alien fereot part.! of the citv, for Debt ; the MooDey Com· .oil." For a Party of Action THE ~olutionary Socialist. of the world are in~ The America.n Soc:ialial Party el<da d7legates to the Berne ConJe:reocc, a.od collcct~ money for a new beadqua.rten. Amc:rican Labor · il Rinins. awalc:min!; Seaule, Dune. inaugurw the ~iod of. mu:..uae. wi~ a reYolutiOUif'J' mcamng. The Ameriu.u Socialiat Party it inter· ested in a National Amne.ty CoDleren.....; o;-hich will include bourpoia liberal orsaniutiou.. a<:bon. I Year ------------------------t3.00 6 Montha ---------------------- 1.50 3 M<lltha -- - ---------- - -- - --- -- .75 The lntern.liooal wod.ing-ci&N i.a oo the march. The American Socialiat Party D1&J"Q time. It bea.i. tales whether or not lO appro•e the Boltbevik.i · it ia undecided ..-he:ther or not to eodone the Sp~­ cid_es : it ca.n't make up ill mind about rnolutio~­ ary indumial unionism. h doesn't know quite whether 10eial refonn planh lhould be left out of Party platforms; it le&n~ loward J...bor Partiea. 1\'on-Pa.rti.t.an Lea~, and .other rdc.rm hodie.· it ··ita down calmly under Red Fll8 or~ deprivation of halt. to •peak iD. .MAY mittee will have a Mooney mus·meeting in Madi· .on Squue Garden, in full control of the "yellow" labor leaden-the le&IS on the fl oor cuerull y di.. tributcd among the "sood .. unioru, and the .. rcdJ" exiled to the g.i.llery ; and .evera I foreign Ian· 'suase· Socialisz Branches will celebrate the TC"t'oJutlon! in Europe. Thi1 give8 the. affair an a•pect of ~eattered and half-hearted endeavor, whose effect u a dempnatra· tion will be e:ntin:ly Jon. What ,ought to be done i1 to unnge a gigantic OIICII air dcmonwation, or 1ucc::cuion of demon· llratil>ns, uniting all proletarian elemcota in a ~ighty proceuion and me."''lins, w!u~ aiu and apirit would carry the proteab to the ean of tho.e wbo only Iitten to «"Cat and determined econamic .,.,..... The workers lhould throw down Lheir toola and dec,),.re a nation-wide May Day atri.ke, combining with thei~ holiday a blow at the foundation~ of the capit.li•t cl~. 11nd a threat of more to cOme. It is nide;,t that nothing would be g~infod by a demoattration on a Mnall a.cale--or by an Ellis Jonea .. revoluti~n." _Th(· !worker• thould come 0 11 on the lllrcel in vaal , ~n. paralyzing the city' , industry, and parade pea fully to some om· tral •toot.. where tpeec.hea can made to 6t the • blmdred The Risht Wins aaya tho! tho Party ia po,.erl. bccauac the Left Wing ia •plittins it-bccauae. of U.o internal atrife provoked by tho Left Win3. Tbia Q untrue TilL Ufl Win« wcu formed pre-r:Uely IJ.e. caw,- the SociciU.l Pony U inca?Gbk of revoU.. tionDry oction-beeou.u, in it. prUUil form, iJ ;., not a Party of tAt tDOrk""-cl4..,, bUI o Porty of comprom.Ue, domi.n.tl.ud by prt:ti.l·bour«coU p~ loo. It e&n raiao monoy-but it ca.n.noc call ~~trike.. It e&n defy tho Government ODd !• tD jail- but it ~not hack up iU own apoke.mcn. h un protest m U.e Board of Aldermen •sainat tho clooin3 of the hallo-but it cannot bold - . . , . . We do not wil.h tn break up the Party. We do not wiah to paralyze the Party's power. We wiab to m.a..ke it dl'ec:tive. We want to au.ke Sociali.lm tncQII ~mething in the United St.ata. We want the SociaU•t Party to be a work.ios-cl. . Party. The hostility of the Party o&.ciaiOOm to the Lef1 Wins, and the metbnda they anploy"' comba1 ua, pron cl~ly that they hne odl the c.u.e of So. cialiam at bun, bat inRoad. only tho SocWJUI So "·hen France Mlettl5 to be balked of the Saar Valley, Cle:meoceau threaten" the Big Four with ·revolution--uole.. th~ Sau Valley ia &llDf!1eCl to . Ptuty. aatisfy the French workera. And when ltaly MleiDI Primarily w. are Soeial~....,..ard, Party about to l01e Fiume, Sonnino aaya that unleu Italian capitaliats un uploit Fiume, the Italian working· metnbor.. A Soc:i,)iat Party wi!hout Soc:ialiam, or cla.u will go Bohberik.. And Japan, convinced impregnated with the ~ialiun" o( the 5occmd • that the Japane:M" workers wil\ revolt unlme China International, t. like an apple fuJI of wof'lr»--it is handed o~r to Japaneee capitalist.t to devour, looU &ood OD tble" Outaide, but it won't make aar also lay• down ~ uh.imatum. ADd the Ge:rman cidor. capital~ r~iee the cry of ..Bohberiam" mure ahrilly u the sisning of the PC!aele T~tr draws nOarer and r.... c..-...u.: The French CJliiCIIlion wu toiY!Id-let U. hope '£dhor o1 tbal tho f.. tho! tho tricolor wu,. o..,. Gennan I ha~ re~~d the 6nc illlllw .t r-ar ,.'" ... - - _,. Lhal if you ..Leftw"'iqmm• u.e Ntar lll . . , lb&n • prlper of lhl. c:ali.bR, , _ - - . , . , ..oat .. ~· n........ vlba< .a. loodly-...1 wbile relld1q h I ooald Wp f...U.C lib ia tile _ . -am.: DON'T GET SORE. BOYS. THEY DID IT fOR ntE BEST I .:,r::- hi. .ia:.:- c:!b'-th~e:; .::r"d:a:: tomr dar wr .b&U let nu. lOT aU t.b.ia. But ~ know be would DOt wiah a. 10 be IJII"Y ; .,. bow br wuu.ld ftOt wW! 10 eberie.b hatred or .U rrmsit:: And. ~ if •r chd DOt kDaw t.bat. oai- lteeru ldl u1 lhert a. DG~bia& ia ~e or b.tre-d. No l&l.i. l~eti011, oaly .err llliacry. So all Lbat we ' eaa do now i- lO boopt tbcor •011'1 be Cl"ftl l o h.i. tbe:re. Mm ue oftea kiDckr U.... t1teir ~"'-NN Y«k C.U.. · ~.a·. oil I<W ... s.,....,.. COMTI! ......... ,un ~··· •• wtMl)d be a Cod..! tr &he ~alt. .,..._ ....w rid lbelf of roa c:arwed aa;..,.u..cr..J.• ...... ere ..,.. ...,. m .. you caa ...u you W'OIIIdcfaJ ·-.u.a.· ... br lliniac up *'" • .._ aniid&l ~ T• lt.IJ ..tm - of JOU - Doeun, 1'1-"'- "-a. 1-.-, •~ -.c.. ud lc • · - ..ten'" 4o ._. ... tJdak. iA& ud ---.ip~.U.C witM.I: . . . ~ fto .. dOabt •rile T .. f.......:.C. aad wt.1te t!.. ,_. ...W.' ....., a.d -.MtJnto . . . ~ . . . . . . . . laaciWoo ..... ol--- 1UIIN COllAT. �• The New Yorlc c - - . . t Welcome Home! SOLDIER WORICDlS! LoOk abroad. to Pull, where our noble Alit. ~uAbble ·over anncu.tiou.a and indemnitlt., ed for a year and a half )"'U h..,.e been under &J"'M--Cither oa the hanle.Ji.ne in Fran"; or in camp O't"fr here. plot to prevent the worken frotn tak.in& Oftl' &h6ir own CovunJ:DeUta. or The capita list pre~t, and the While Curds the Nationa l Socuril} Leasue, incise roa aiaio.lt the workcn and thei.r ore~a nlutiuru, They tell you Lha.1 .. Bo lahevi•m .. is attempl.in.s to dcatloy ow Some of y~u •oluntctTCd.. The ~eat majority of you wue 1con«ripted without being uked whrlh · er or not you wanted to ~o . But u Cree men and citiu:na, you .-ould b.ne ref u.ed to AD if you h..d not beli~ \hat thi. wat a Wu for QemocrKy, a U"ar •P'a.in."t Tyranny ar.d Oppre.ion, a Wa: to Make the World a B...a.rer Place to live ln. The Machiniau on Unemplo,.meot The War U OftT. You come home 0Wihed with Yictory, eager for that increued meuure of fr~ · dom that wu promi..ed you. M you •ailed up the harbor, wi ld with tbe joy of bornt'<oming-u you • paraded the city ett"""· hunA with b~eu and thunderow ~· ith cherring cro~· d:t--eagerly you looked aroo.nd to .ee t.he tigru of that new world "·hich yoa beli~~ you had hammered into &hape "·ith your Cannon, Uld cemented " 'ith the blood of your falleu coll1tadca.. \\'e. thr a:uc.biA»la aod IDd.a1 ....un b . . . mertlnc UN:mbled at L£bot T.apl~. l..U &r. aiMI 2a.d Avmuc., New York CiiJ, n M&rcll L&A. 1919, do br.t't.l.IJ adop1 1Jie lollowiac: - - I MANIF£STO! . ' Be - . loio baoda wllb tbe worloon of &.. ala, of Hunpry, of Italy, of EnslaDd. Fall lal The iron batrario .. of the proltwlat"" f _ . . ~ ., ""of,..,.,""""'k ;. oot our job to 1 "but«~" a ......,(..-...,. criU. Capltaliam itoolf ....,. core of tbrd. 0. Job ia to pre pore. Our job Ia to oct 011 the" ~ ate pr~ltmt-llDmploymon~ the ooldlon, llribo, ~~.. · prlao,.,.._ir) the opirit oT ,....,ltttloo!or1 S<Eialla io thia way prrporitl{ tho 6.oal o<tlc& The Left Wios Prosram Ia a prosrom o1 ....., not a prosram of wllhiD& for tl;o _,._ SopiUotrr • cm't annl!Uiot.e Jt. U!e b.odii II wilb -. ' The City of New York appropriateo f250,000 !or ' L£CI\1RE AND CONCERT Cio<ft t>, 1M .W. A. D. B - -. AT Wa--a..oft A JOB! You mum to fU1d indtllltry closins down. bread· lines everprbcre. prioel of everythins out of aisht. and a lot of qew milliouair'lll who sot rich lllanU· facturin~ war matcria.lt.. You 6Dd no· plan of 1'&conatruction, cilher oa d. P-rt of tM Goftrumeat. or printc employen. EftiT~Y ~ you when you weal away; ..,..,.~.oc~y cbeen yoa com- caa't lin ...... Yoa llelonsto >he wor~t~ns..J- Yoa ...,,~.., -aot ooldlen. You .,.. c:nakms , _• . eel ... wbm rou belp to c:nak doe -a.,..-. . rno1ubCIID. Tb! final otruulo -<ainot Capitalltaa II • ; II m.~y luc l!:ontlu, or yean, 0< l.eDI of yoon, l>at thia io a revolutionary opoc:b lmpoollllf .....01... ary lactica. ADd rtooU..IoMry """"""' lo IW/f decoration• to welcome 70u home, and the~ are innumerahle Victory Dinners at tiJ: dollars a plate, but you can'l «d job1, nol even the jobi you he!J ~fort you ~Penl aKJGy--unlm.a you'll reduce your former Mlarie&. JDaD "".im,,_...,.· -r;. The war wu the m:prt~Nion or the eooaomle . . . tradio:io,.,·cf Capltaliom, of the b>oolub~t bJe. of lmporilliom. It ia clear that Capital "lo brwkios do,..; 1that tho proletari&D ""olu 11 ,_. querios. Capitalioo> cannot · adj1111 · llaelf to . 1M new eoJdiliont, CUDot iolYe itt .Of'IDCtial _.. nomic probleau.. Tho world of Capital'- u ito a revohrt.lonuy criait,-mono aclllct in Ewopo, .looo ocut< iD tho Ualt.ed Sta._, but lltill a criala. Tllio c.riJit 1 wbjC,h iJ a CODMQuenotl or &be .coDOialc ..J. lapoe of Capitallom, proori~ the opportllllily r.. Soc:r.Hom .to rnaraball tho iroa blwali- of lilo prolurlat ror .C:.Jon &Dd the OODqlHIIt of ;.. .. ~ bat a M>Orm• dilion ..,.. .. •8on for ,_, '-'-1 of IIW tDOrUTI /or Ut.dwuU.l dcm.ocroc, U 10W ~ T~ rft.ICI.wi.t,vsry Lobar iftowrMftt U J'Otll "'""" · ill pracdce to the Mw requ.ll'el:lleiiD; eod h . . . down Di;-~ly undor the - of tho war' aad ol the prolt!~Uito rnolutloa. is deporuJ w ~houl rriol-if U..,. carl td away u ith il. Roo!) Lodge and other defend· en of the t)Tanny of the (great tru.sll att.Kk our Gov. c:roment -.·ithout .c::ruplc, but 1hcu ore fif run hun· dred clwlmpioru of lk workU.,-d.o.u in prUon ri&hl new for daring to thinlt diDtr,.nsly ohow Uw! COtJ· cr.tmtntlAan 1M ruli.n.« cla.61 pcrmil•. in« b.ck; E""'' •8ou ofllw li""'s - · bef..• .... · ,,.,.,.,..,. ,,... ,.... JJ The National Sa:u.rit)' League and other capital· ist ap)' .ac:ietiea and. White Guard organizations carry on, DJlder the pretnt of •• fighting Bohhc· ' vism," an almost open 6ght A.EaiMt the working· clua, but i/ a forcip1 ·born st'CJrku dare• Jo join l~ Wen. • -· · - to a poiDt belo.o 1M 1M Laft Wiq ... U.. \\'ell, now that you b8\'e bad time to look around. ho"· does it ruU..e you ? · Li there more demOC t B;CY than before you went away ? Alth ough t.he War it <''·cr, "'· o rkin~en are.. still heing JW:nt to prison for 11peaking "''hat they believe, while n.ol OM Jin&le profiuer h4J bun puniJ~d wiJ/, a da y in joil. 'Gene Debs and Kale O'Hare p:o to the penitentiary for defending the right. o( the '\III' Ori.:~rs, - ·hiJe tiL< chcrgeJ a1oi.ru1 tk Phd pJ·Doclsc llw&J who dt· ported u:CJrl:ciJ Jrom Bulxe, ArUon.o, Wo 1M deJ · ~:rl , hmw h,,.n dr op~ by 1M Cowrnnw:nl, Work· . ing class R!,9CT• are denied the m:aila, and sup· ' preaeed, "'·bile 1M aJpilolUI papen openly incite to violence and lynch laW agaiDil working-clau organiz.atiooa, aDd get off ICot-free. I. W. W. en; their eoodition ll woree th.u it WM WoN . . war ; tl:eir Ulliono .,.. beio& br..U.. up, aad j,o. d.....,. ia clooins doW1! in order to rod- .._ GD cbeen. Your comndoo iD Siberia aod NGrth Raaaia oro lltill at war, wilbout a doelarorioD of war, asaiDit tho only WorkiDJibOD'a Co.....- iq tho world. l.o Norih .R-ia they ano UDder Eatiliab coliUIWld, ""~ io Siberia they ue ~by tho )a.,.._ n.. Co•enuDODl will DO( t.ell lbom )'by they ano fip~ Co•-=-t d - .oot clan to t.ell them wby they ano fi~ They ano aiek at boan, ~ ...told bardohipo. BURLAND CASINO W_._!. A p._. A TUESDAY., APRlL 79, 1919, at 8 J'. 1111. TOll Trf!t UNJUTT 01 r7l1l .. free inltitutiom... Tber fin.anoe ao1 ier·papcn · like Treat 'Em Roush, wblc:.b ia bocUd by J Farrell of the Ollit.ed Sta. Steel Col'pon.ioo ...! otb ... c:.opitaloo l'bo hale tho worl.ors; .o attack Soc:ialiat .-lop. They tbrd while you Wa"e .u.B'~ns and riakin~ yor li"~ in ~ b"aJebea for tbirr)' dollaro a IDODdo, tho workcn at home wen oD atrike (or •ormfut •aaa. Thia ia a lie. 'IDe fabuloua , . _ ~rt.ed iD tel - ,... •Jfpor .....J:JJ{, the DOwopapen ooly applied to a actioD oL the aldllod worbn. Tloo hlp of ri.Da bao wiped"oat tba! me.- far. tho f"'"' oi ·~- I LAWRENCE STRIKERS s; •••• ,.1 I nM LAJUtJN · ELIZ. CUII.LET PLYNIC aENJ. crn.ow VLADIMIR DuaiNIKT,,.... ....... ,,......., OnMoft . "-l5Ciam .. �4. Tbe N ew York Communiat The Plan that Went Q N T ue&day, April 22, f..aecutive Seeret..uy Ger-. her callrd the Central Commiuce of Local New Ynrk to p rder. about ten minute~ before the tchedu led time bocau.e it wu ob\ ious tha t a ma· jority of the early comers wert Right Wine: dele- S•le.. The teU.ioo wu, oric of the most im~l.rtant held in recent month•. it beiug under,.tood tJiat the mat· ler of the ''reorgani:ration" of the 1ith A»embly District Branch 1 which U dealt with in full on another p.tge ) would be the p~rt tie reJi.Jtanu. of the evoing. U. Solomon and Muimilian Cohen were nominatod for the chair , Solomon obtaining a majority of the votes. A point of order wu railed on the h ct that the r ecalled delegatee of the 17th A. D. participated in the votiag. This wu overruled and an appea l wu t.a.L:.en from the decision Of the chair , in which the cLair WU IW• t.aiued-the rec'lled delegates voting .olidly against the appellant On the r eadi n ~ of the minutes of ile previout meeting a correction WA6 m.1de to the effect that Cohen and J oseph Brodsky had re.igned -from the platform committee. The Eux:ut i,·e SccJCtary proceeded to,read th~ c redential a for the eeat'ng of new delegateA, an o bjection being recorded _to ee.ating A!gerutm L«. who wu recently rec:.-11~ u dele· gate from tl•e 6th A. 0 , and wh.> now appaarcd u a delesate fr om the 16th A. D., to wh~h ~aocb be had tranderrcd. although not living withm iu ter· r itor) . After the reading of the credential• of a few regularl y elected de legates of both ftldiom to · whom no objection •·as made, Gerber r~ what. purported to be the credentials for 13 ddegates from tht "reortranUed" J i th A. D. A storm of dit · approva l forced the reading of the credmtiall of the 13 de l r:~a t~ who were dected at a rrgulu mccting of the 17th A. D.. and • ·hose crode1tialt were aigned by the regu lar A«ret.ary of the bnnch. On a motion Beckerman moved that the acti•n of the Cit y E:aecuth·e Committ~ in handpickint 13 delegate!! he concurred in , and that the linle ~and of machine-flni!!hed Comudt:l! be aeated. A J»int of order was im.mediateh· mflde that the recaJed del~gat~ 1hould not be . allowed to vote on t.ia queo ~ ion . The chai r ruled the point_ ''not '~~~til liken" and h is doci&ion waa challenged by Braldy amid pc;-at co nfu ~i on a~d continual interTUptims from both &ide-! For a time the noiae waa deafen· ing, the members of the 17th A. D. who were to he " rrore;ani..z.ed" out of er.iatencc, and who crammtd the baa or the ha ll , adding considerably to tk gt'1t ral n:citement. · Quiet was fina ll y obtained by the booming '\'Oice of S ipos, who aucceeded in ha\'ing a ll delegate~ from the 17th A. D. di~nfranchiM:d temporariiJ, the Rights apparent!)· (ecl ing th•t the chairman'• previous ruling reveal ed a too obvioUJ hiu. Heckerman 'then took the fl oot in 1Upport or hil motion, and after addte:5sinp- hinueH to the t ubjea (or the apace or a minute. launched into a bitter denunctetion of the Leh Winge.n. Intoxicated by the power ' of his own vitu peration he leaped from int uit to insult , and fmftlly suoceeded in drawing c riCII of objection from the Left ; Drahdy. fi nally sett ing the floor on a point of order, uked the chair 'to discipline thr speaker. This the chair re· fult'd to do on the 8f'Ound that unparliamentary lan!"a!" had been uoed b y both side., &Dd ot the aa.mo time e1:p~ bit pleuure at the way ill Mk<.h Beckerman had friven ton~~ to what tbt IE· tire Right wu thinking. .. Renewed prote:MA ~ thi1 deciaion. and BeckerJ"&" finall y annoUDOed hia intention of vieJding the fttlor. upon .which the Hight~ tel up. 1 violent protNt, GrOMmAD ~ him by the ohouldon and ~uoina to I• him lak.o hia leiL After llockenows lo.ad fuUahod. Cot- .-- to an amendn.ent that a committee of .even, throe (rom the Right, three fi-om the LcJt 'and an _impartial chairman, be appointed to im-estiga~ the entire mauer of thr 17th A. D. Vehement prot.cltl from tlo.e Right greeted the amendment, which would have hahed the now obviou• plan to j,am through the ..re-orga.ni..ution" teheme u a preliminary to the di11e11rranchiting of the entire Left Wing. Gerber then took the fl oor in aupport of the original mo· tion, declaring. that he •"had no with to h ide behind the bush,'• and iptimat in~ that they were deter· min'-"ll IO oust the Left Wing completely. Renewed pandemonium greeted these remark.a, applauae from the R ight and prol.eit from the LefL Copstein, a member of the Executive Committee, got the noor and •tarted to make • tpeech , when the mach ine gave him the cue to call the previous queation. Th is he immediately did, the chair at· tempting to trlace the matter before the hou.e. A point of order that it U not permia.sable to call the. question after atarting to make a speech WIUI overruled. Appeal foll o wed point of order anJ point of order succeeded , appeal until it was an· nounced that the chair wu 'll'illing to take a rollcall '\'Ole on the m.attCr of the previous question. Cohen protested this ~ecisio n on the ground that a committee repreeenting 96 member. or the 17Lb A~ A. D. wu prCM:nt, and that th~ lhould be baud before the vote wu taken. TI:U. caUM!d further uproar, the Rigbu wll1in! to jam the matter through without any hearing. Eiaenbud~ a member or the 17th A. D. committee took the Ooor, and in.ai.tod on hi.a right to be heard. Violent opposition from the Right cau.ed r-e.."M:wed uproar, during which te"Veral fi.st 6ghu took plaOII!:, foll owing an a&~~ult from the Right on Hourwicb. When the confusion wu at its height a P olice Captain wu brought in b y 10me of· the R ight Win~ and the meet.ID.g wu adjou.med. A hurried eauctu by the machine reo~lted in the an..nOUJ)Ct:ment b y KArlin, who bad uturped the functioM of cbai.rman, tb.t the Ceotral Comm.ittee Would n ot meet &«•in until called by tb'e EUJCutift Committee. The plan to force through the ..rear. saniution" echeme fell to pi~ and in • 61 of piqUe the Right mad the fal.e move of illegally taking it upon themselves t o au.pend the Ceotn.l Committee during the pleasure of the EucutiY'CI Comm.ittt~e. Thi.. U illega l, u the Central Com· mittee U a au~ri or body to the ExC1Cutiw:, but '"whom the 800s would deouoy they 6nt make mad.. and the machine u soin@: from illegality to ill ~lity, until finaUy it muat collapee of iu own innm fatility. Saved by ·the Bourgeoisie By A. Nyeiii&DOff Tf the Social ist Party of America wu .not repre· .l &ented "'t the Beme Social Patriotic Conference, i~ honor and dignity in this in!!iAncc were uved, not by the revolutionar)' • ct of ill le,den, but through the act ion of the American Govt:rnment, which deliberately delayed the itauanee or pU.. ports to the three oppo rtunis~ who wen ready to st.art for Berne. In other words, the Party'• honor was •.aved by itt claaaf enem.ie6. · .And yet, have the Party's leaders profited b y tl•e Dc-tne Ienon ? Have thev' realiuxl that their action• in that direction ha~; been dctriment.al to the inteT'CIItl of the Party ? month a congreee of repre.enLativee o f all Soeialilc parties of the A.mc::rican continent will take place. In .the tint p lace we must r~ that the Argentine •• Socialiat " pirty, which eall.t t;lW; con~eas. wu officially repr~ted at the Be-roo Confe:reoce. The repreKDlAlivct of tha.t party, during their t-ajoum in Europe, made a number of at.ateme:nll which clearly demomt.rate the fact that they heortily ouppon the banlm.pt ooeoad Inter· nationa l. If this ia .o, then our ways put. Our comrade. in Arptina are DOt theae, but the Left Socialiu! who in 1918 leVered their relatio:u with the oocial-p&triooa. Not a biL One of the delegatea to the Berne Con· 1De National Exa:titiVe Committee of tho Ameriference, the usociate editor of the l't'tw York Call, eu. Socialist Party bu dec.i~ already to partici· J amc& O' Neal, went to .Europe at the 6rst oppor- pale and bu delegated Dan Hogan, a member of urtily. The aim of h ~ ttip ~ to find out the lltate th6 National Cotnmitlce, to the A.,... COD• of affain in the European Socialist movemenL He intends to visit Huy•mans. the Socreury of tl1e .. ln-' Tbe appOintmeDt of Dan Hosan 1wu an 11Ct o£ ternatiOnal Hureau" of the non-e~:istCnt lntetha· f.nnUng .u-vilit:y towuda the American goftll'l)t iona l, and hne a ta lk with the Committee which menL In Party circles Dan· Hogan U well known was e ltcted by the Berne Conference, which incl udes aa one of the mo.t rabid tocial-patriota.. A.. reported .uch penon~get L 'f Troelatra. Branting and Henderby the ll'n» York Call. dllrins the war bo wu actift. oon. ly enga~ in a number of aHain which bad f« It really mcaru that after a ll. diplomatic aecret their objcr:t the ronsing or the "patriotic" tpirit or negotiations and the " feelins of the 8f'ound" will b&- the population. In short, be ia one of the typical ~n a gain for the purpoee of effecting an undentand- War Soc:ialiota. of whom then! an: n.ure th.aa p loaty ing ·~ilh the ouho~ It' mean.t that compromiae in Ecrope. with the declared mcmit~S of the work.inK clua will By appoil'ting this lachy o( the capit.al~ ~tate br~in ~II ov~ •sain . . ·And •II thi.. w\11 be doac u • repraenLatin: of our Party at ~ Pan·Ameriin epite of the will of the tar~ muaea or our Party, C&D "'Sociali.t" eoosn-, no doubt the National who han nn .e't'C'UI oceuiont expn.ed then»eln~a • a«airut any union with the Rmaudeb ud Commiueo tioped that the State Dopartllacul would pat DO obotacl.. to his depllrtllre f r.r_li-oa A,...... - Scbeidemanno. But in our Partyo k.itd..o tben " bein8 cook· ad anothtt di.ah which our N1tional E.sec:utiYG Committee intenda to o~cr t o the Party me:mben. What toolr. plooe in llomo oa a lar!" ac&le, the Amo.icaa Soc:ial-Patriota inlol>d to cluplic.ale !A llucDoa A'fT'I' 011 a miniature ...Jo. At lhe inrilation . of ¥seolinll'• Social·Pitriotic party in B...,oa Ayrca. towarclo the ODd of lhia au.... Bat their calcalati.... ia lhia "'!!ani '"'"' ~ The Stole Depa.- hu r-efaood • ~n to Dan Hopn, DOt becauae be wu ooDiidered an """"'liable" - . bu1 boca- the CODp;t- .,;11 "bo held iD ouch m "...,.liable" ooatre • .a.- A,.Tlwa, ..,. apiD the b...... al ou Party hu .._ ..-...~ by - cLai. - r �1be New York CommUDiat s. Left Wing - ~otes THE Left Wing otFaniz.ation hu deCided to sup port th~ f o ll o win~ nominee. or.d uU all re,.olutiOnary Socia liw. to do likewi.K : For th~ fo/ oJ wnal ~u cUlwe Commi.t.lft, l11 DU. trUt : N . / . Houru•tch, N . ) ' ., Edwnrd Lindgren, BroolJ:rn, N. } .. Louu C. froin.o, Bolle n, Mo.u . f c>r ln rt·rn.o[ iotuJI Urlt'/(O l t:J : / . E. Fugwon, Ch~ rot,o. }II .• Joh n f< f'ed , /'( l'., LouiJ C. Fraino , Bolton , A/OJ J., C. E. Rutht>nb,.,g, Ckt•ehmd, 0. _T he fo ll owing bran c h ~ ilnd locals have alliliated with the Left \\' ing ~ion: l...o nl Qu~ra : EniUT Local. LocaJ IUop : 6th A D., Uranc:b 2 7th A. U.• Branch l 91h A. D.. Hrancb 1 13th A D., llnocb I 14th A. D~ Urucb 1 14th A. 0, J~wt.h Branch 23rd A. U., Hrancb I All HuMIIn Uran chet All Luhuanian liran c be~ Mmoruv Cr oup. 1n all othn br&.Dcbot. LocaJ Nrv \01k : ht A. JJ. 2nd A. 0 3rd, 5th and lOth A. D. fh b A. D. 8th A. D., Jew iab Bra.ac~ All Fh twtan Drancbe~ All Vtt••h 8nncbc. All Vluain•u Hruchs G<-rn••n-Huoji!:ari..n Branch ~t um• )· Hill Wnnu Branch• Eathuni•n lJrancb Mm .. nt y Croupt in aU olher brancbca. Lneal 8roiU : Eotirr Local The follo"·ing are tl1e Left Wing papera in New York : Dn Ka mpf I The Struggle ) , J ewi&h; ft/ovy Afir !The .\n World J. Ru 5S ian: Elore, (Forward), Hun garian ; Robilnik, lThe Worker ) , Ukrainian; V+U Ji m (The New W ~ rl d• IAthonian. The 2nd /\... D .• Ma nhattan, wiU h old an open air meet in ~ at Rul@:en Sq uare, on Saturday afternoon, April 26th. ill 2 P. M. , to protest againat th e imprb.onmeni of Debs. P rominent Left Wing addre&.<~ the au dience. 1peak.en will Turnin6 lo tM •Ujt .' The foll owing loca l& throu@ho"ut the country bne adopted the Manifesto and Program of the Left \\'ing : Local Bootun, M.uo. Local Roc'-«, N. Y. Local Buffalo, N. Y. Local o.n.,.., Colo. Local Cleveland, 0 . Local ~ Cout~ty, N.J. Local TilliDI 0 . Local Duluth Minn. Tbe followins stat.ee have been eaptured by the Left Wing, Michipa .Muooch.- · Mi-. Ohio All Left \tin« communiutiona .ror thi• column ahould be a.Jdreaeecl lo Muimi.lian Cohen, 43 Wm. 29th Street, and ahould reach him not later lha.n TUM<la:y mornins lor imertion the l&lDe week. A mee~ine; of Jewiab Left Win g memben will he held iD the r...,.erd Buildins. 175 Eut Broad· way, oo SWJday, April 2i, at l P . M., to eonaider ~ roport of the ,..wly elected Orsanization Com· lllin.o .nth ~ard lo the Jowiolo Fodc.-.tion. AIT Jewiob Lefo Wins Memben mUll como. In Yiew "o f the referendum on the. State Eucutive Committee raolutioo to cxpe:l all brancbe. and loc.olo tlw have joiDod the Lefl Wing Section all the b."""'- and local.. thr~oul the So.Je obould ....UO arn11~ to have Lelo Wing ~ --""'--- Left Wing o.-Jun . C&D he ...,..od by oom· municf! ling with Muimilian Coh~. Secretary of U1c: Leh Wmg Section, 4J West 29th Street. New York City. �l • The New York Comm...m.t International Notes ... The So-riet Strike m I....J.aMI r(VI£ Italian fr ontier i. doted on account of iD· trmal d •..turb&JK'es. The following r eport of the action of the new Esecuth·e Cl'l mmittce of the h.al ia.n Socia lilt Pa.rty throwt tome light on the manc:r : AI the first meeting of the new Eucutive Com· mittee of the lt.alian Socialist Part y, held at Milan in the um of the AtJOilli, the f,llowing dcclan· Lion . presa:ncd by Lauari, wat adopted : "1'oda~·. the fon y~igh th annh•enary of the proclamation of the Puit Commune, !he Exccutin Cornmillee, at the beginnins of its work, dcclu~: ( a l That it r<m<mbcn bo" the third defeat of the french proletar iat, in the J. .bon .c.irrin@ tpi'Oe of half a omtury, h.u vi.ndica~.ed by the Rtwian Soviet Revolution , marchins 6.nn.ly toward ill "wu internal coruo lidatioo and the mili· Unt union of all the proletariat of Europe; You are dcfuu:d.. Yoo hl1'e ,..c.Md aoeb a low "-"' th11 your c..tu.e la aow dape:nte. You wiab to ll:r.'IDa.. li"io.J ill idlt lu.zury &~~d hl1'e w work for ycaa. aDd roe 6od tbe rel'olutioo a mena ee to you . Enemiea, you al&Ddlr = ~:'J8,~o: 0wn:;t: ~o:m-: lha1 •e anardlilu wOGJd Ja~d: ::::e~~t~;O:O~:::n:~~d:ii::: 1~ r .... anuchuta were 6ahlinr. &~aina t aU decreot.. all ·force aad aU opprcuion. We ounelts bne 'J.Ield force and tioleaoe ·unlr ... lll•l our oppteMOn.. 'i\'e wtot to lftoe &Dd I« Jne,. ill perfect freedom. La it c:oacciYablc lhat ,.-e would _,.. WThi:kcbfo~ ~::•::':'ea~d C'D;\"'ll&~i,' ~~ •-? ~~n~a ~h:uJ.:~~'ci=. di:?ry~~~;;ill_.!: Quit Fighting, Briti•h Soldier•, and Join Your Ruuian Comradu!- ::nd: n~~~h~: d~ca '~!t:r::O'd:~le .ouJ 'i\'ith aU our U bm lor R!l.IIJ.a..'• P'OJ»- we 6c.b1 oo lor all that Engli sh Prisoner from Archangel Froot Writa io His Brother Scola ''IJ Lt right for t~.:orlcing peopU . of C!M c~un.try 1.0 kill u.rorlc in& propk oJ annt.kr?", T"he Allied b-oopa1 i.u•adine Ruuia., ba•e 10 oft~ been told that i.f the:y .-....e taken priaonet' they will be tortu~ and killed by the bobbeYilu, that it ia ur lntueating to aee what ir~ fact happen• wbul an E.qt-lith aoldiu falla into the banda of the RuuiaD wot'kmen'• and peaaanta' anny. Here ia the lellur f of a private of the Royal Scola t.akeo priaoner latt month _,. An:bana&L I To the Men of the Royal Stoto Kootlaa, Monday, OcL 14, ltll. · ''I u. ·o nd~r if you all knou· t~ kind of men you arc figlu int. . I do. l'ou arl fiGhtint. en arm y oJ worlcins· m en, ond tflt:rt ore no o{ficuJ am ont.st tlum. E vt:ry hoiT., u I~ Jam e. Tht) OJk, why do u.·e fight t~m . IT d , that U morr than I con Jay; in fact , I don't lcn.ow why we h4vt: come to fit. ht them, and alloiht:r thin g tluu couiJl.J is •. tMy d on"t u.oonJ to fif.hl w . The.Y ore not fithling th~tr ow·n dou, tht: u:or ~•n~ ckuJ , but the copi.loliJtJ of Htuuo pnd all f"OitntrkJ . .Sinct: I ho vt: bun a pri.Jon.t:r I hot~ b~en trt:at~d m On.t: of th~m.st:lrrJ , and &iven me plt'nt y tO t'al arul drink . I hou~ aiJo Jun Ot\t' of our mt:n thlll /1-rJ m tM lun pi.tol ll 'ou nJ~d . H~ tt:IIJ m.t: tlwu M ho.s bt't:n wdl tr~ aud and /:Jo ked ajttr OJ o friend , o worlcint. man , and not a JolJkr . ''S ort· I oJk rou thiJ qu~Jtio n: u i.t ribhl. thaz eM u:orkin!ciOJJ of ont: courur:r Jhould corM and fi~hl ~ ,u.·orkint. d ou o f on<-thn countr) ?. Jr c art: not a.t war u·ith Ru.uia, and tM RuuUuu arc 1l-O I a.t wor wllh u.J: but u. ith th.t capiuJIUtJ of all the counJricJ, lAc peoplt: whom u •~ u. or/J /or and /cup in pleaty, whilt: we, t.Ac u•orkinfl. clc.Js, m~rclr ui.st. If tM workint. dOJJ k~ w u.:hy th~ ) ar.· fighling and jo r whc they IAIOul.J refUf!j Jo · fiFhl an~· fonfl. tr. Think thin&J ouer arvi aJic ,-our•t:F; ll. ;, U i.t u·orth whik lcillin~ ~a rh other 1.0 pkOJ~ o l~r oplc , u·ho care nol u:hat lwppt:n.J, OJ long OJ t~ir prJ lu.t.J b.rc bcu'l' fill.~d ol our t::rpt:tUe. From wh.o.t I ho~~t: •ecn the Ruuian.J art: a 8ood pt'opl.t: and th.try art: fi«hli!"t. fbr a gc;od CIJU.Jt:, o CCWJ~ tluu ~~~ry counJry in tAt world •hou/J follow . · f "PRIVATE L4PJU..IIII, ltJrn RoYAL Scan." The followin& item ia taken from SoziGit: l'rosil: ..In the Saar min in! dittrict nel!!otiations ·between , the miner'• ~r&&ni.&atiom ,and the French military com.m.ander in re!ard tol the introduction of an have ~~om: so ins on. The r""""' hu siveo a flat ref.... l tothedomouodaol the mmer.. He ju.ai6ee hia refus.~l by a ~ta&emeat aa to the ooal famine &hat prevAil• in France: juat u in Germaay; and allo by an u.eri.ioo that the eisht-hour w iag alter tho I clccnoo bad hom puhliabed Ia that city by a boargeoia ocw.papcr: U.cmial would adtocale or nm permit al.leb dccradatioo of You tbink onl y to protoiF.e trooble. Yoo are oaly tryin& 10 deccitt lhe i.cnon..~~l people. Dos!'a rauppoee •r ban wltea, IDOlbcn., Men aad dauchlert of ou.r OWD ? ) uu prt'"OUteun apparntly doo\ bow our Below U o Rtpran.t of o Cucular Dumbu.uo Amo"' BruUA Sol · • tr rncth ; but you ab.alJ baw. Dealh lot proaurJ lA RIUJl4 by ·~ Rw..uloG/1 So a.wf GolotfNfW"/IJ IU MOi t OW. "ocateura. Death. oo matter wbo t.bey are. We It l"iU bt oj lll.lnul u. A~rkOA IForktrJ . •ill rukr yb u pay for your tile nime. Aoybody been gloriously (b ) Expreuos the moAt fervent hope• of the hal ian Socia list Pany for the Gcr· JD&D and Auwo-Hung.arian revolwioru.., because it hu entered with an ardor oo the .earch for a true a.n'd real Socialilt re-Yolution ; (c) Den ounce& onu again th..e ilhu.iona craJtil~· diM<minated in the- CorJlerenr e of Pari! which. under the in~enuou!' m&Sk Wil wnian bourp:eoia ideology. i!- rc-creat· ing tht Holy Alliance am o n~ the co n· qa,n ou . to oppretj not onl y politicall y bu t al 60 «onomi call y the cO nquered po pula tion• . dumb \-iC titw~ of tht mist.akea a.nd the rapacity of the bourgeoUie, captained by imperialistic militarism, and a~ai.mt the- intcrnational prolttuiat ; td ·, Sends ita warm greeting-s to the Comrades rCCC"Dtl y liberated from priaon and (rum intemrucnt , 1,nd rest ored to the ch·ilian battalions of .the Par1 y with apir it more ea~tr and determined ; (e) To our own member Arturo Vell a and to all Comrades still in prison, Knrb the @T~in~ of fratern a l solidarity, in the ccruint~ that the rene•·ed action of the proletariat "'·ill achien• the !' peed)' liberation of every victim.._~ f rnilit.aris t -bo ur~eois per· aecution. The· ordcr ·of the day ·a lao preaentrd by l...u:iari "'·u approved as follow~ : The Executive Committee noting .,nth the ~eate"SI aatisf action the development and the pr o p:re~ of the organiz.ati on of the Party . recommends to the acct ions to uerciJJoe the most rigid care in admitting formCT or ocw Comradca, holding incompatible the prHence in the Party of anyone who hat explic itly 'llpported the war. {Thia refers to the Party'i former rctOlution escluc:UnJ!: all .acial·patriot.) . The r;eneral ruike i.n Limerick. i.J tpre.adins o't'el" the wh ole aouth and west of Ireland. A Soviet of atriken is alreadr in comp lete operalion an d ia evrn iu uin,r illl own currency. h a. recognized by all IC:Cliorls of the populati on in Limerick u the 10)1TCe of authority, e1u pt of coune by' l.'-.e Britiah D""Jiit.ny. The city is in a ltale of titll(;e. and ia en· compaucO hy foot and mountt:d troops, while ma· chi.ne guns and artillcry have been mounted. ~o one i• all owed to eniCT the city without • permit. 1).e bourgeois preaa cred1L11 the .trike to Sinn 1\.ei.n, but it is the Labor movement which ia in COD· day COIDDWider French miDwl hiVe to work. &eo houtL In reply to the plea lhat the eisht·hour •T*m ia iD r~ • the Palaliul.e, be r<pliod that it "ould be abeliabed .. IIOOD .. the F~ lrOOP- IIID1and the cliatrict." trol of the ailuation, and •ympathetic action ia d.ily a peeled Ly the worker• of the nvrth and cut, much unrOll beinK m.anifeatcd in Belfast and throushou1 the &eztile centen of Ulater. R.oi. Ill new ol the I oct that the oditon ol Ti>e N... Eorope, the 6nt paper to print the aiJord Son.c decree OD tbe oatioa.alia.ation of wot:DeD laa¥e aolemoly wilbdrawn the c:barp and opoJosi-1 fat ila error it ia. ~ to r..d. the followis& t:ru»latioa ef the AD&td>iola' dciol of liooir pon Ia tbo doir, poolod on tbo walla of s.r- tbo - - I ~ ., �_; The New York Comm...U.t . . . . ._ M .. ~'-A~in:oe_':ouWbaldn't '·ape~npd~ou., . r World t •t i.... -q el•·· RS. Gear~ Thacher Guernw:y, preaideot p · ~ral of the Daughters of the Amt::rkan Revolut ion, an organi.J.ation of ~·omen - ·ho make a point of ha,·ing fotfOitcn -...·hat the American Ruolutioo was about.. appc:u• to have a prejudice a.gaizut Lbe nst of mahki.ocl an . ..... am~g our.e h•ea about rigl1t and ld programs, hut 6ght t.bt' Thu• writea a Comrade. And lmm we uk '' What'a a program ?,. aod o awtt i• : that a program is a wu.pon, '' h hu belen demomtrated," Mn. Gucrna.ey de. clnred. "that one oi the grut ban to patriotiam i.t a foreign language. The UK of a ~c.reign lao· guage in our publi c ~ehool• hu h«:rJ alm011: u . act of ueason. We mi~ht at well have been toech· in~ SanWit . 1 ~ Gc.rnu.n, and (.r better, for Sanak.rit "''ould no t hl\'e kept American youth. from gro• ·ing American ~auiL.. P00 in the clua war lgalnw upital' ~ret.u..rnahly the comude ian\ about the weapon he \ltol to loo8 u ' action. He c•n't .bear to "wute ti .. Whal kind of an American coneciouJneN C&D you grow," rJ.e added, " in an atmosp here of NUtr · kraut and lirnburp:er chee!-e ? Or wh1H can you upecl of thr American iam of the man - ·boac breath al•·a)'l reeks of ~atlic ?" If it hadn' t bern ror a lot of t.heee dcapiKd Cor· eignrn. w),o d oubtless spoke in alien tonguea, aad - ·ho.e breath perhap1 reeked with aauerit..r.:aut and ~arlic, Mrs. Guernecy'• heroic a.nc::eton would pro babl)· be 1til! running from the Britiah red· coati. How about Von Steuben , Pulaski, Koci· ~o, Lafayette? wei.· ' ulat the enemy. Then the tl1ought comes th•t throu h the wiae choice of weapone and their effici nt ute . we will win. TUne 1pent in carefull) eYen quarrellingly tt:lcc.tlng our weapona a each It age of the de\•elo pme.nt of the da.u w r will be well &penl Weapon• must be toten . Ld. 1.11 choo.e them well : And rem .. the a utocrall of indu!try do oot run b i..oc.. at the ballot boL" f';either do they r b the worker there.- Til< Ohio So<iDlur. To..U ro,~n of Jlt.Ji.,.,tolc. o.....b. Mil F-orlti"'tHww" •I tM U 'Am.rade. : Attn tbe lordble lmulcm of our counlrJ Lbe ~ lhrow ol the SoYirt Co•crnment br t.he Alllea, upon the THE o"u the rela~ITe propaaandl fl.IUM Day and the flnl of the Now . .. Y-.• br ~ • CoiUllii<tn to~ iiildor DemilOt..,F-'WE HAVE BEEN BAMEO FROM ,Tll£ RAND &CliOOi. Tit!, Ntw Ytiu i"fint blow from It beln3 rurnoNd lliil i p.otil • om...;f Ifill ahortly he panted oil Leit Winp. bi Ficin! I 11row.anda upon tltou.tanCS. of woR.illt J*IPI ud otudentt were abot , In Khab&ronk. a dt ~tnetrt)' tbou.aaDd lnhabhut.&, twe.he bu.ndred butchered hr the hpc.n~ 1ad Co.ac:b. l• Kra.n(lrt.nlc. thouw.nda were t.!aln br tbt R\I.M o Wb.ho Cuardt. with the help of l~&llan rqimenta. £n lith rt'&l · merf1a aJtO pu1iti p~ted In the tupprt'INion and ct1' of tent of tbou.u.nd• of tc-Yohlna pu~~nta. [yery dar new far , it hu been ::.et:/·.. followed by bruul and tre&eheroUJ attach. What · ~~ ~:m~J~d· ~:\ot~:~b~,tJ:"',;'; ~u~:'; are the lmperialiata eook.ing up now? Depaid ehtra• aaalnat them. Tbclr wlYa aad cbUd.re .,.. .u.f, upo :r it, they do not intend to allow Soviet RUMia lcrina from bun~er ond cold, becolltC ther han o mr.u~ to eilit if they can help iL They intend to cru.t.h of relid eaC"ept throuA}J the Worken' Oraa1 luti 1, which the Proletarian Republic., and with them rbe inter. nl•t Ult.ltlly. Tht need U detJ~tratt., and th Ru .. Jan national working<I&N organa.tioa whi.:b ia now ==tlou can be of little help with their begimung to t.ake ab.apc. Moreota", manr fact ori• are ..JOMd., aad canHt &.nd .apiCI'f'H'IL It U now four montht ainoe the Go•~ of an· en'.i;~~!:. ~~u~a:b~:~~:~;':"a.:~ the United Suta and Grut Britain .c)lemnly nounced that th~y had decided to withdraw· their troops from Siberia and Archangel. They hue aioce boen reinforcing them. Ia fact, we lee by C... .,,..., f.d.w .,. Lt/1 ,.., Iii 11...-.. ,. , . Tho Central Comanlu.e of Local Nw Yaft, harila3 boeomo t6o lila;Oeidiy ior the ~ iai temporaril y• cllib.<u>doai until OOmriiaiiiloodiltor l>iii be oponnd up with CoDU'ado ~'\ • U o( It rvmored that oDe tbe IMciln of dil Sla.meee SoeialiJt Patty wiiJ a~ the tiiil iiiiiio~ in« or the Ccnttal ColliDi.ltiee in hii iiitiri ~ H.1t tpeeth; whk:b wi.Jj be dmot.ed l6 tiaity 1 will or Iii ......r.... n ... ~-"' L.itt WI of ICM =t~ =~.:P.~ s.- up. clark b . . - ia ~ ~·e baYe DO feu of rwu)ta; 110 fu, the Willa llPularulT"' or &o • lor that pld. We leaJ"D that tho Rand StiaoOI lw iilpiicl IIi tremendoua el")lenae the dolo«.,.. l6 tho llono;; ference for • aeries ol otlu.tiTe ifl~Cti&.f8. Oil 'tlw ~ CTitieU ~ur, when put of t..be R . interpreted by • prdUiirieat ~ Wiipr, aad pcruuu &1'1!1 •ruaaltd bet.Mn u.e lnu:ru tJonaJ C.pitalillt. ·•hlle tbr pllr\ on the her eide ~><in! ..... lon t""linii olio ~~ of the Ural Moual&in11 (.European lt!*la ), .,.. bJtll8diac tho lui Centro! Colllililtieo, tlie Co.r:-d;'i'6iial Ul de.atb in the an~n ttruaa.le wltb enemltt on t.'1'n'7 =~ t.IUe hour we tWill to rou with the foU 6.. C.ptain made •. ..iioma. Prot• ap.U.. tbe or,.u.ed ~ ot fOIU ....0... Dtmaad the whbdnwal of A.-eric.u end AU tnopt' The lollowlo! lua.e lidoptBd die W&lf M.oalf.- R..t.. (eolo &lid l'rop11111 : . Aa.nrer dM! of U.Ouu&dt laJp .. loya1 uoope.." llllile the R... w.. atOUDd the and ~t:rcn«tbm ela.-coDicio~ amo.DI t!.e work. era :ll oftl" the world. 10 How """'' lo a R.lpt T ~ ~~~ to know th11 even by promi.aat of food. ~oxriptioa , and the atarvation and puoi.abmmt of the iD· hohit&nla Who refuw to fi~~ the Allioo h..e ooly hoeD able to set 4. handful of Rut.iut to join the haft.,_ SoYiot eo-..-. ee the Ametic:.n Red Cro. : but thlt oraan~.Ut ion. wh h I• tu pIO render aid to •II whbou t e•reption, .. thout H • IU'd to tbelr polltieU bt:llefa. ha. ntK nen fuor IY with poiW"d today'• p•~ that the AHi• in the North are ad· vanc:ing, and driving the Rut~iana .ouJhward. u they are alto puah.ing oo in the Eut. But they are getting craftier; the DCWipa pert now ulk of the '4oyal Ruui&n.t:' .. advancing, aod keep the Alliod troop• ltrietly in the backjVoUDd. But we haj,pea- But ; ... doe - . Ra.ia, look - .n..-1.1 iaacdaa Allit:~~ and the American Govt:I"'l!!leelt ue beginning to talk toft about Soviet RUNia.' AA .everal timea before, the diplomal.l are. addreuin g honey'e J -wordt to the Bohheviki , and carefully spreading rumors that the Soviet GoTa'lliDeDt it 1\bdut to be recogni.ud. laridr.! The Bolahmkl ... ...,.. "' the ti.li>iii of lioilt Mbuol •Pain& eollo~?""- '!be ollinmor flilliapii lo iaclaeduled lo~ July 1, tL. lutiimn ~ about the maddle ol Oetbbio', bat ,._ date ol ~ winter ileboole• to nol 1ft fiDil &wlai lo tho W, loelt ln the bowp~il p - edltorW .6ni- pritont or under inclk:tmedi. ..d will DOW bi !ii Cli'tl. labe pretene.ion~ of tbe Cuf'hf'<SIM•~• and th H•rHiln fpr. the Rl(!hta to prelet elwp lot iDolleioitl ilaii6. caplu.lltl .. In the cltr of Vl•dhoetok and aU o Sll.lt.ri& or or Boloherik teacloacioo. · bean a period of tenible opp~U~ion lot the R .la..a work· ' Look Out Ruaaial K- y_, HaDd- Yoar Wal<:hl hatched. the quootion: W~lthe ~ &,flit U.w.o,., need it not Dcw&hk" o£ the Revolution-but MotMn of the Amcrl· can ReYolution. ~ult.a of the Allied ianaicm of R11e1ia ,.,. .,. li An~· ay, what we So~in3 ia ~·w nationalu.e womec br ..nu il miftly an~ .Ute own.....!Up ..,d oonlrl>l bt ~t (CoMiNWI /rom ,... 6) , A l.c.lkt /tom IAt roth,.' XU Cr.., •I Ameri~an 110 i.ttely r aD• " decid..ing upon • choice or weapoua, but wbuld Ki.t.c: J re fiut to hand, "'·hcllrcr it wu effec· live or not- whether it melted in ' hand or could be tent ripping into the ci She al~ hu her ideu about the 1ubtle kit.cbm· prop•ganda 1:mployed by memy alieru here with &uch ccm&pic uo u• •ucccn durins the war. Every time thj 1 bu happened _, wing commoo3rny."" dill&bft ud -..dol, roprdo, T1fl ~~&. ~ Rtt~~IA" WOifuas' ft.aa C.O.. Coarwrna or 1.uoa A.tnlio The Social Democratic Party of .N Wala, iD itt ...... progom, bu doc:laNd to he the ....., M olthe Bol.bnllt -- 1Ac:olo Ruaola, H""P'1, ilanrio, ~. 1-*' rolne add Uaoorlek. . Mootlnp to dl>-.liioi Plltf iMilal iH ~ In the I olio~ bt....dioo l A..U. ~; lialt1 Pnuolo, l'olwd, ~ Serbia, lrilud, Ko,.. &lid .Upa.U... k lao ~ dut 1ooali aad Er.3 i011d wJU oliortly .-ti diilt plM io tho C..irol ~&a Parli. ~ M rcn.c. iJ!w rr.- poudlnJ Oli 1».-IW. c-..io ~• • " ' - . . ', ' �.. The Pink Terror I. The Rape of the 17th A. L AST woe~< we lold aboul ohe unlou!Uns of lhe Pink Terror again1t the Ldt Wing by the State Cotmn.i«ee at Alb.aoy. Thi.. week we bne to ,re· cord the actual m.u.NCI"f' in full ewing. D. either to diNOI~ or to ... reorgan iu" the Branch without ~ eot.-:mt of the majority oiita members. The Rt~l 'Wmgeu hit their muata\bee in uge and chi. pin. •• foiled &f!l;•in ! .. ln a Herd chamber of ohe Jta.d Schoo~ hUed OUI wioh p;rind· •tones for aha.rpcning anic.k.ermce., the cooapira· ga~~ ~De by ODe. 1be p .....word WAS ... Scb~~· At thie 11M!1rtina a6ttn~ ddiCIIaJe. will be dqned, ...t a ~rm.enent oraaoLUOcm in tht ati.tric:l t*ablilobed.. U ~~!:;." the wd(~ of ~ PartJ at bean, come to UU. Youn for a anirtd ADd eolidified Social.ilt Pany. Rl.OUAftLUno" Co••rnu o, Tat: Euamn Co••rnu. 1...oc.u. Nrir Yoa&. Ont: dark a'ld tloom~· night 1M CouacU, B.uhiA.W....a 1>, Ldur OW,.• Bu.oob and Opritchniki of the Right Wing ewooped · down on 'the 1ith A. D. Branch, tlaughtere:ct the On Sundoy evming, lhe 20th, lhe fonunooe f-. no.k and 6le, ano:l urri~ off t.h"'! Braoch imo cap- mann . clutching their admiui~D letten firmly in their Th~ oext JD9rning. April 18th. the members of tmry. handa., went to the J u lidte. Some of the Lelt 'fhe 17th A. D. Branch i.&--or wa.a-the larpt the 1ith A. D. Branch f.eceived a letter, which read Win~ went al.o. Tbere an utoniabing •iFf Branch of Local New York. It contain.--or con· u followw : met thetr eyt~~. At the door were two polfoemeo.. t.ained -&bout four hundred memben in @:ood and in the bad.-p-ou..nd, with etTC:fal pr~feNiooal SociaJi•t Party, New Yorlt C:O..:.ty ...OO.ing. It elccted Clae.eeru to th" Assemhly thugt, hovered the Committee, pointing out the April l8. 19t9. twice, and Ca iman to the Board of Aldennen onoe. Dear Comndt :Lefl Wingert to the cops, md order-ing them · e:z.. Tbt [JI"('Oti•r Coauniu~ of Loc.a.l Nrw York at il• U.. "''"'''lin& dec.ded to re-orplliu tbt 17tb Aaecmbly Oietrict Branch. toaunilltc" wu (oi"C'ed to t.l:e that t ltp on acc:ourat tlte:8C innocent and umu ~p«ting Comrades. The of The the acuun• of • rroup o( memhen in tb..t branch wbo ,daN...ardly and crimin al idea occurred to them that at t:"'t-0' mec"tiniJ CIT•ted • 6f:hl, and br tbtu rona~ o~ow -.,cebbll~~t hu-e rnluud tht branch. ooe of the J...rae.l. thtn wu .om.et.hin~ the mauer with the Sociali.A 10 11:11-ljlnlbc.anrr. ~I n~· of the mtm~no dia{r:utted with tbe actioru aod Party-and e!pcciall )· wi'th. the Ri(Eht Wingeu "·ho ~et •~11ta of tl•e.t aqu•bt..lrf'11 .tued away from the m«t· control the mad,ine of Local T\e\11' York. lnl=.._ and the or&• niuotioo feU in the ba.od• of a ftw. At Finall~· this feclinl! cr ystalli.t.ed 'in an attempt' to tht lut mn-tUt& on April J6th. thlr~J rec.al.ltd all the ollir:Cn o f t he bunch. lc.nin~t the Lr•nch without a.or (unctionaric. rec.11l the delegates of the 17Lh A. D. Brancla to to t..ok afln thr .fhin of rile br• nch. ,\ ltlltr •i~~tr~ed br • larJt num.lotr o( membcn of tht lht- ~ntral Comminee. .On this the Right Wingerr. b,rando . wu ~«ti ~td. whrrdn tb.-.c mt.ml::o... comp.lain pcn.uaded the Branch to poet pone action . until a . ...... u. uot a et•on• a.ad trutmeot 8CTorded to tht mc:m.ben . • pn-ia l meet in~. They then combed th~ to~-n for by • email l[TOUJb The [Jft'uti~e Coa.mittcc w.. foretd by the c:ou::rae Ri@:hl Wing mem~n. rounded them up. and herded thrM" r~tmr•de• hut talt-n to rtoot•r&anu.t:" tht- brand1, ar~d h.u •ppointtd 1 wmm"ltt- to do .o. At , memlxr of tb~m to the meetin~ . Man)· of t.h~ Comrades had tht 17th A: lJ. ~·ou ~n rt-quc:,ttd' ro c~:me to • m~tan,: to ,ot auended a Branch meeting within the memory he htld Fr.da) , Apnl HhJ, •t 8 P. Y.. at the Julirttt H 1 1L IOJ V. "' I 17th Strc-rl. Hrmf! your ro•n' c.aro. The com· of man, and there ltere M)me present ~·ho had for· I'IUIIC'C' wiJi bt 11 1h11 mr-ttlrllf tu rt-ora•niu the bnach aod !'Otten "'·here the ha ll "'u. The Right \ring ie- put 11 on a 110lid and Wlltklllt: bui•. t- hopr tl11t "trr ,:ood !xoc•ah11 anrl comrade who b.u jectcd the roc.all of delegalell by a mojorUy of lAir· theV. tnte.reat o( the p.rty •t hcan will bt •t thi.t mectina •nd a•tll lht c"mfDJIIer to grl a &ood workin& butlcb ill k:tll OOUJ.• tbt 17th AMCDtbly Dimict. At the following meeting of the Bn.nch, A ~:il Your. (or tbe Caute Cocrnnill~ : [tu"t'LL Bu:N•TD~. AJ.ix~otffla Co"m" lOth, 1919, another res.olution wu introduced b\· CH.aau:s Ga06SIIA", Haw~ol'l · Vou. ' About two months ago the "poitonow propa· gu.da" of the l...cft Wing be(r:an to work among the Left Win(l:er&-to recall all Bn..och oflicialt. ~ Ju,~ extended di!!C~s ion oo the question of Lc:ft and Hight Wing principles, and then to elect new officcn, the old ones to function until the new elections. Thi.J rtlnlution WOJ CGI'T~J 27 l.o 7. T\ow ~ga n an uhibition of Right Wiogism uneumpled in the history of Local New York. The R i~ht Wing delqates tt;med up at the Central Comminee, and whene\'er they could aui&t the polilica l bos~ on any que!'>tiuu, ;.he)' voted u rep· lor tkle~oltl from tM 17th A. D. At the Mme time, 8Cting "' no lon@:er officials of \he 17th A. D., a FToup of thefte a.ame indi,·idUai• appeared before the Executi,,e Comminee of Local New York, iJtd a..4:ed that the Branch ~ "reortt&niud... Comrade Codkind, a mt"rnbcr of the Execuli\'e Committee, at· tt:mpted to protest. He wu ~atm up and expellecl from the meeting; after which, with cheen and b..and-lhaking, the Executive Comm.iuee ·ordtted tluoo ohe 171\1 A. D. Braoch be " reorganized." On April 17th the member. ca~e to their reg-ular Branch mecting and diJCo,•ercd that a bright net~! p.dlock had been placed on the door of the hall Th~ · broke the d oor open. howen~:r, and held the meeting, whid· declared that the BraDCh did.,QQt recopaiu the right of the Executive Committee ENTERTAINMENT AND PACKAGE PARTY f- Ciwn a.tllte Sth A. D. HEADQUARTERS 1034 Southern Blvd., Bronx SAltJRDAY, APRIL 2Ith, at I P.M. Adminion 15c. Flooe Paotal P...u.lt ol ' c - Da1oo Will Be RdW Off. eluded. Cried Blulllllein, lo lhe police, '1bey're 1 hanclo of anMchi.u! They don't bclie"Ye in the CoDJti. tution! They ou&htto be deported!" Even .orne of the faithful, who beld !etten of admi..sion in their banda, were mi..rtaken by the cop• and gunmen, and to ld to ... Beat it!'' or they'd "" clubbed. . On April 2lot, oine<y..u member. of ohe 17oh A. D. oddn:ued 1 signed l<t1er lo lhe Central Cow.mitee Of LocaJ Ne:w York., which read -. fol· . , Iowa: "We. lhe undersigned. memben of ohc 17oh A. D. Socialist Party, do bert'by protest against the attempt of the E.s:ecuti,•e Comminee of Loc.tl New York to diNOive our Branch &f!l;&imt the will of !he ... jorily of ohe mrmben." The .equel of the affair is to be fouod in the story of what hap~d at the meeting of the Central Committee on Tue.d.ay 1 nening. which Wu adjourned, with the .... ~ of a police captain.. All ohio indiclteo ohe ck.opcrotioa of lhe Rip~ The "'lt11er 1 igned b)· a large nu~~ of mem· Wingen, knee-deep in the rising tide of the rank bt-rs." refttred to, wu in fact •igned b)' ~~ thirty· and file, wh.ich will eventually clean our Party of h uo Ri~hl Wing~rJ m it~ Branch--ell 1 ~ Ri«hl thug~ and llrong·arm polit:icia.aa, and ell&bli.t.h Jll in«trJ w-ho wt!rt m~mbt:rJ. Now the Branch con· within the ra.nla of the mon:r:nent. ~ d.ictatonhip Ltins 4()() rrumbtuJ in «Dod JUuu!in«, and the of the proletariat.. quorum is forty·•ix. Now cOmes the horrid finale. wheo the mailed The Juliette Hal\, whC'ft: the ..l'flOrganiution" . fill of the Ri~t Wi..D£ llppeG'I in ,all ita rutb· wu ~ffect~~. is out.aide the J7th A. D. On the ap- le.qma. On vied.oe.day, April 23rd, withocit authoriupointerl m,ht about orte hundred and fifty members of the Branch gathered, and were marched up one tion by the E.xecuun Committee or any hQ.dy el.c.. by one before M eelf-appointed ··committee,... to Aldennan Calm.an and Aa.emblymm Claeiikaa, iD ...regitter."' first th~ were Wed to turn in their a moviog- Tao, 1woopcd doWD oa the 17th A. D. red ca.rW. Then que:st.iNu •-re put to them, rud:!. headqoarten and bega.o lo nmo.e the fu.m.iture. a ohe following: Comnde M.u Cohea, who bappeDOCI to be P... Do you believe in an organiution withio an ing, prote.ted. ~eupon CaJman ateppod to lbe organiutioa?.., tdepboae aDd eaJicd up poliCe bc.dquarten.. "Are yuu 11 mcm.heT of the W1 Wing?!. -1m Aldermao Calma..\," be Nid, ~d • polioeOf the one hundred and iil1y pre5e! o~/y UUrty man up here lO pJ"'CCa"Y'e ord«!" . lflf' conJilltrtd purT tn.oogh lo r~&Wu in tA.e M"'ll ln a few miautes a cop caJ:De ap, aod under Bra;; cia, lo~ether ·60me IU@'ht Wingert who wert' not tupervition the i:Doffensin dc.b and chain of tbe preunJ.. but " ·bo wen regittercd" by their frienda 17th A. D. were loadetl oa the Tan ud remoftld. on tl1e ..committee." After th~ ~! the Ldt:.: Where? Aldermaa Cal.maD u.id, to a st.orap Win~u io a body~ot one hning n:gittered- w&T'O-houae. But ob.enera report that tbe nn adjoumt'd !~ ,h..ir own beadquartel'l, took .; pledae . . . aee:n headiag in d.i.rectioa of the ~ nnt to r«o~i.u the right of any minority .to impoee hand furnitll!'e quarter in the AI~'• Ward. their will on the majority, and decl1ued them.elvee to be lhe oaly lesol 17oh A. D. Brlncb. • The neD morning all who ttgitt.e:red rc.eired ~to t.tM lhe !ollowins 1....,: lrioh R. . ..._ fll ltll and tDe uerilce of Coer-.W. J• C..OUy, ~ J.hllin, R.id:.a.rd O'Carroll. Sou Co~. ~ ~~ Party, New Yon c-ty MacK• aad ateDd ~ - .beb&ll of tlle hWt R...,.,_,., Worklq 0.. 1o U.. ~ t.$-'the R-.i.ao Scrrie1 Ccrnnatat. LMwia C A.. L hi. me ~·~~s=. ~H~a.e ~.:. ~= ,ttt;:...MocAJ..r ...= BIIYANT HAI..L, 725 Sisllo A MONDAY, APRIL~ 11 I P . Ill. "Ro .... 4-:'5:.:';::-J::::f...- .... w..;' I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New York Communist, 1919-04-26 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- Periodicals. Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-04-26 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .N35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-NewYorkCommunist_v01n02_19190426 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-13 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v01n02 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 8 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States New York Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. The Left Wing and the Revolution Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. New York Communist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/4f206e558cad95f1f6be272b92f8b1fb.pdf eb6e5a91c459b67345f37d35656c992d PDF Text Text 'l5he New· Yor COMMU.N Vol. I., No.1 pr il 19, 19 19 "· ) ., / �2 THE NEW YORK COMMUNlST .. . Ne• York · VN,lrr.triJ.ll $.tatt', l' an J:'UiniiO!t'(" tht- \o\·orl.en' r-:vo lutionJ.ry \'ictories. COMMUNiST Official ocgan of. the Left Win·g , Socialist Party, Greater .New York locals. lohn Rud Hd itor A ssodalr l·:d ,ttJr E«i"lotln Mar. Alpinr ,.,4.' ~tlliliun Colrn1 Flusi111,H .\frw oJ!f'r Publi•hed Every Week. Sl:(BSCRIPTION RATES ·r Yt•:t r. ii .S:l.OO J.50 ~h11 1t.h s. ·' ~l fm t h s . .15 . .. . Sing-le Copies, 5 Cents. nuudlc ( )rLJ n!-' n f JO ·o r tWCr. ;! I;~ ( ·l·1lt' . a Copy. ~3 W est 29th Street . . N'ew Y o rk City - --···------- C I J:\11-!/\ /J i':S ! Ae ro:->!> t he :;;ca thc 'work· crs a rt: ris ing-, w;-a\'C ··m w a n~ . T he su rf of S nC'jat R evo lutio n heats o n the ~ cru mhlin;;· d ikes of th e o ld order. · Th t• u:tl i(IIIS of th e wn rld arc h:uikpq>t. T he La pit:tlist Sys te m is ban kr upt. ~Ph e h eadlo ng- C•1111pctition o f the two impe rialis t g roups fJf n:l t1ons , ,rcsulting- in the g rea t war, h.ts wn·t·ked th e internatio nal cred it aystem upon wh k h Capi talis t Im perialism is based , ~ nd t:aug ht the indi1!'t rial proleta riat that t hc rt· i~ nu l 1o p~ fo r th e wPrl cl but in the So· cialis t r.ununo nwealth. .\ t t!tr ' \·h i\·:• tl..· ..: ~rt(' I' timr, 1l1a1 " ~nt·iaJ i .. m" in nf Europt· ~ ('011 · ,,r kin~o: cia~-. : idc-n :l) t r~ .. t~l tu 2.\'oli,J :t w n rld w:.r: went thn\ n liJ. r .:& huu ....c. uf card!' lu:{ure the fi~!' t ,.,. rivu .... u.- l.uJ t;;h t uf l 11 ~ern.itiof1ai cap: t.t li~m . The Second .ln~tior~l joirtf'd the Army! nrwi!t1,·rNI :lllct l1rtra y ed: !he workers were rl ivid<"d ~nrt '"'~'lllllf'n•d hnr\.ect . ...i':1 t.C the lrt-P d a·... ;,, ·!.buft!Hn anct he . ~ laughtered . '· ;'\1 o dl'rat c Socialis m'' rc,~~::tlcd itself in it!' true ~·olu r s . Havi·ng adopted the ta ctics o f )Jal iam entarr :tc tinn w ithin th ~ l'a pital i~ t the ' ' ;'\q oJ cratc Sociali:;t" leaders fo utHI ~ tat e , rhcmscln :s for~d to upho ld capitnli sin in H S g rant! climactic cri me, and consolerl th.cmselvc s hy preaching that the \ Vnr wa!" t he last great 11 re.form"- a :;t cp in that slo w a nd pcacoiul evolutio n fro m autocr.tcy to parliamentary d emocracy, and then to S ol·iali:un, in which the.y hcli e\·cd. Ohses.ie1l with thi s theory, they beheld t h~ d i si Jiu ~ i onc d proletariat rising to oY<;,rthro.": the p:uliamcntary st a te, , between who m and the K aiser th e workers saw littl e to ch oose. And the ' 1 M ndt'ratc S o cialis ts." in Russi:1. and C';ermany, found th ~ m sel ve s on f. he capitalist s ide of the . barricad es, shoot'it~ down WOT'kers to pres.en·e their petit bourgc·rns tfttories. · Cap)tnlism is bankrupt. And 11 M odcr?.i't . od i'lfisna," an iOtegral part of the Ci'\pit atist \systt>ll1, is a1so bankrupt . Therefo re the llUest !on o i ·' n,M1era'tc vers u:t rcvol'u tionary Socia lis m is n{) lon'g"er debatable. The sum a nd s u'bsmnce of pat:linmentat:y democracy :" the ~\."orld Wa·r, now happily cndr d with a ll the hdl.i~ercrrt's d efeated-oitd among them , the " Modrnfe Socialists..'' · The wo r~cet-.. know now that only by m eans of (Ire Dictatorship ol the P~oletariat can they aclric:Ye ttterr ends. And the cx· The .A.mtric:~n So<·bli!'t Pltlrty ..alrh ou~)t its ".tifftrent currcnu h:l\'e ftOt het.n as C'lt'J'Tty rltfiurd as tho!Oe or European rountrit':", ha~ ht·t·n .for y ~aT5 rontrull~d by petit bourbf"'ll d rmrnt s .lt has c.:omprumi~t:d with bo uq::tois l .il.•t·r:di:..m t o a puint wlu: r c its cam pJ i(;'" li tnat un :, ;~nd the w r iting-s of its !r :ulc r:-', sounlled lik e a m m·c mcnt to, retu rn to Jcfit•r:-:.mian I >c m oc racy; it has pu'ih r t.l rc~ il• r m i_.;,m tv a po int where <he J' rogrc~s i vc Part'y . l 1nlll tl ;o;a.fel y atlupt plan ks iro: n its pl:u io rm: it ha..; t'Ht:tngktl it st'li \\'i th t'apitali~ t i<" parlament ar i ~ m I• • t hl.! l"'i nt whe re H c.: y t: r Loud o n l·o ulcl s u p po rt t l11: w:\1' and •.!ill IH· n•Jltllll in:lt t·d --where s,Kia li:-;t '-\l(il'f~ mt.•n ~ouJd vot e for l .iilcrty Hrm d s :wd 5ti ll hr ;1..,k('d t.. ::::pl'ak at oiiit·ia l !'a rt y lll l't' t ingto grn t th l.! p ro letaria n rt·\'o luti u n ~ in E nmpt.:-. wlil're a Sm·ia l i~ t ) l ayur l'onld jnin Gompcr~ · . \ll i:tlKt' fu r I.a hor anc l Dt·mon;ll· ~-. and 111\1 be t'cnsu rcd . The :\'on- Partisan I.cag-ttl', th<• l.ahnr P:l r· ty. tht• l.rag-u c of F ree ~ at ion:-;, t hr f'roplt's ( 'oum·il- to t he ~ uppv rt of all th ese u ur So\·iali!'it leade rs ins tin c ti ,·c ly r ush- to t h(' <:!tpport ni every thing cxcept l~ e ,·ol uti ona:·y Sodali:-;m. They g reet Kcn·nsky as to~ r r volntinnary prole tarian ; th ey endor!'.t' t h e E h nt - ~c h ei d c m a nn Go,·cr n men t :ts " "St,. l'ialist'' C;o,·crnmcnt; th ey hast en t n c:.e nd dt'l cg-a tcs tn the Rcrne Conference of !'.nl·ialp:at riots, who a rc a:; rcs po n ~ i hlc ior t ht• \\':tr ac:. \\'ilh cl m. \\'r of th e l.d t \\'ing dt!c la n.: th;"tt '''<' r(•p ud iatt• ")ltHic ra t <: ~nt' iali s m ' ' :1.11d a' l it,:.; h H u rg~:oi :-> affilia tio ns, whose ;tt:t idt it·s. ho w· t' \'C'r !-incC'rd y mean t, arc ne ,·c t·thcll•:o::..: eli· · n·.~t rtl10 warJ patching up lh r (':lpitali~t ~ys­ u ·m :llld · :p·oir:ling 1he Social Rn u hu :.. n. \\' c 'lt·m311d that t~e America n ~i:dis.t l':•rt.' · adopt th is attitude. \\'1· t:tk~ c.:mr !'land with thr- Ru s~i a n l 'u :n · lllllld .. [ i ~:trt y ( Bo ls he\·iki). wi1h th r ~p:.r­ ' ' " oUr~ ol I ri:r ,nany, ·,tnd t he (..o mnnm i ~ t~ of Hnng~ry and Bavada, bc!icv inJ:r tha t o n,ly th roug h the Dictato rshi p o f the P rf,let:l ri;lt · l·an t he Socialis t o rder be ·brQug ht ahon t. .\n<l i n to kCI1 of our posit io n. w e have n a uH·d o u r ~·, fri'cia l o rgan The New Y ork Communist. - - -0- - - Why the New York Communist? · W ll Y docs the. 1\cw Y ork L eft \Ving t'St :l.blis h a noth e r p:tpcr ? 1:-n ' t The Revolutionary Age eno ugh to r ep rC!!cnt the L eft \Ving? :\rc we figh t ing The Rcvol~­ tio na ry Age ? If uot, if we inte nd to publish a papt'r whidt cannot compet e with The Revolutionary Age, why d o w e call it The New York Communis t? , :\it €w cr the count ry a multitude of litt loc Soc ia li ~ t pape r~ i!'. ~!1 rin g-i ng- up, ;til professcd y a dvocating Lrft \\' ing pri uciplcs ,and tactics. \Vith t he r c~o u rc<· s · o f the. L eft \V ing so w eak , ,\·h y <~O \\'<' di,·idc our forces .still . furth er? F irs t , let u s make o ur bo\v t o The Revolutionary Age, which, .with the support ·of l .oca l Roston, and. u nder the brilliant editor· s hip of Comrade Louis FraiJta, has, from the h r?"in ning, been the bes t expression of te,•oiutio nary Socialis m ever publis hed in this l'otmtry-nnd indeed, has crc~t cd a new t y pe oi Socialis t journalis m here. pCrience o£ the Rossia·n Sovi~t Republic, atThe Revoluti~nary Age is to be. witho ut tacked on >II sides l!y the combined c~pital ­ imy drmbt, the official o rgan of the Natio nal ists of the world, !las shown brilliantly tha t Left Wi~~t. which will be· c~eated by the o nly the d'eltnrction oi th"t caplra!ist forl"s :\'atio nal Leit Wing Conference. This is o f g'01'efr.mcnt, R!ld tht: ertttion of a n~W ~ m ade ruo re certain, by ti1e. generosity of the ( 'nmr:uk ~ o i l.o..: a l Bos to n, who have passed a I'C~f •ln tin n prO\·idi ng that the pape r, w i1h all its a s..;t:t s, ~ ha ll be ttrrfled &vcr to the Fx·t·r u t i\' C Cmnmi ttoe of the Loft \\'i ng- :t..t SHun a.: it s hall bt· ..:ofl s tit uted. Hut in th t· nu·a n whilc:, the N ew Yor k l .dt \\ 'i n;.:. w hich h:1 ..; t:lkc n th e ini ti;"ttin• in f() r111ing- :\ ~ a t io nal l .cft \\. ing hy i s~ uin g it s .\ la n i i t·~ t u :md Program, has no o rg:w .,,it ~ t . \\ 11. The Revolutionary Age ..:an no t fill our llt't'd"' .. It is the orga n o f Loca l Hoc: to n; :-H br· it ha ~ l'nnii nc:d i t ~it.· lf largely to ht·illg•• \ C imlnidt· awl lnl crpret a tiv n n f E n' nt ~ in !·:ur••tll•" : it has no s p ace, nor !-ihonld it h:an·. iur ) IH' <k1:1il:; vi v ur iig-ht h L" rc.: in \', 'w Yo rk : and it i..: puhlishl'tl two hu ncl n·f: :t11· ' fif ty 111ik:Oo away. T he l .t·it \\'i n)! urga ni z('d in :\rw Y10 tl:. l11 \'ew )·~,rk . with it.'i t hou~a nds oi l':1 r t v ntrmhrrs . tht· l .dt \\' ing is f ig hting . ifll', 111. ' • i tht' l11t'a l Party machin ery. ag:t1n•• :1 fit'IY t' ;11111 uuscru pulu us rrsi~ t a n n· ~~~ the · pt· tt .' · t·nli t il·ian..; wh11 1\in·l't th e l':1rt1 u !.:l·hint·. The Revolutionary A ge ha; l 'O I I trihu ted t'IHJI'Illnu:;ly t•J the c du ca ti v n •Ji t h P r:cnk :n11l filt• in :\cw York: h ut w e need a pa per here. ~ it.<·:- a ll. :\l·w Yt1r k is t he ~·i t :Hit- 1 . ,j J.'i l:, h t \ \ 'i ng n· ... ~-.tallrl'. :\s lo ng- a ~ t ht• t·t> \in· m:t.-hiuny ,If tlw 1':1rty is n•H in t~nr !•:end:-. ;1 \'t·w ) ur k !.eft \\' in}.!' p:1pn i..:, , .... . ... t'llti:tl. t:t· it utHlcr-.Joud, howe\·er, t ha t T:te N ew Y"r k Communist, :as it no w sta.n d!-i, i..: a ·;,rl· or k:'s tl· mpora ry affair. \\' ln·n The R~volutionary A ge i:; iurncd o ve r to the I ·~ · n ~r:1 l l'nmmitt ec o f t he L e ft \Ving-. The J-Jrw York Co!llmunin will prnhnhh· cn:ui•I!H ' \\i th it , ~..: we hope other J..dt " ' ing"·(~an~ will. in to a nati~nal wed.J~:. int('r1 rt·t i ng- :lnd C'x.pressing the revolutionary cb .... ·t·on ..r tou~ • p roletariat of the L' rri1l'd :O:Ioa!l~ . i n tc:rprclin~ N>Tohttionary t-...-en1s in • Eurtlp c. a nd conducting an ac ti ve propagand a for Sncialis m a mo ng the America n workers. :\t tht· pn~..:t·n t time \\'e mus t s trr ngth t•n ami ~ p r , · :ctl tl·u r Left \Ving' propaJ;;-amla amon).~ , l 1 art y m<·mhet'!' every wh ere. For t ll:lt n ·ason the more Left \ Ving pa pers, the tndril·r -..;o lnug- as they h o lcl t o t r ue l.l'it \\' ing prinriph-:..:. Ka tt· Hic hard!'. ()' ti a ra has entr r cd j l·Hrr( 'ity p ri ~on to Sl· n ·c her ~e nt e ncc o{ ih· ~ y t"ar~·-ii t h t· .\ mt•ri..:a n working c las s ~ l a n ds ior it. Th<· wa r i!' over. In no o ther <"nuntry in the.· wurld W1 ntld t1te g-o,·ern mcnt no w d:ue to imt , rison a \\'tJrking c lass cha m pion ior t ·~: p rcssing an ti -w a r opi nio n:i. C )nly v n r t'l'rmom ir pmn ·rlt.·s:;ncss m a kes u s pow t· rlc-.~ to rdntkt· th(.• inso!t.:ncc oJ th e maslt•r cla :-:t. ' l:dt•rt· th t• :\ mc rit'a n Socialis t Part\· ~·an r"nu·tly ~udl'n·i l s, it must enlist tf1r t•~.,·•• n­ omic powt r of th t·..wurkers. ~· m -ofu r The New York Communist s hott!U he received at t he oiiil·C ot 4:1 \\"est \\" est 29 th St reet not later th at! Tues day evening at 6 P. M . (,'omr<trles t' \'ery wh cre a re rcqucs tt.·f! to :-~end us n·ports of· !tll Bra nch omi1 l .oc;tl m~ttings. and all C entral and Exccuti\'C Committee meeting!', at which action is take n u pon th~ Left \Virig 'M anifest-o and P rogram ; or at wh ich matters o£ in~rest to tu em bcrs of the Le ft Wingo a·re arted upo n . ·\11 Socialist IH' \\' s I • �, ' Tint NEW YORK CO'MMUNIIT Sociali.t Tactics? the l'o.r~· a rli~citJIU\\ld ai•.d unit~d irO»J . \\"l'lite Tc~:or? 'Ibe.~ GoKmnt pay• 1l0 h i:0 tnu: that thC' l.f'h \\'iu-.:' h:t!l c:1lh·d :~ttcruion lo ,c;,ur protut" ; 'thc .~mtnt fvJI an E.uu:.tg cnc.y t\tttional l,~,,a~: Lcmnni ;.Howl 'ftim .Moone~· 1(1 put in,.;. for life, tiUII. It i ~ .:arl(ucU hyman,' Cuo•rack" th~ . coa..Yicwl on peijur.ed .c;o...,.._, in '.,.w...: thU. I;GI , a !\atiu.q:.l Lch \\'.i.r(S: mcnt J-.:.rmjts tonure ol coa.mc.tiow. .ct!.l 'uu(a~·n,·,.. it- 11101\t'(').:ii<<U"\' - .~iucc thC ranL: jcc.tor~. aud holds behind bei~ ~cb o(: nnd .fih· i .. w.ith ;La :•trnul~·. anrl n cunft'rcnr~ J•olitil"l lllriwocn. uncia' tert06 ol Upri~­ oi L"·i t W.i.JIJ: rtdc.:a.k to 'to .the Emugc1;r~· mcnt unp.o.ra.llcled jn a.oduo ~.Jtrie.a.. Cvnn:ullun. hd~ a fc\\· drt\'$. Ocforc it. C(•uld f>ue~t the G4..\'em&neot yicW .J our pr;;e ~ccun•plif-l• ••ur J•urpc,$e 'or arroan~ing for ~est,: : (JIM! tw.a.drN odd · c4?DSCl~ .obuuiled action in thr Cc.rcution. Jet.:l(•r,. out. of maoy hu:nd.rd hJ.Yf .bust let T o:t r tn:Un t·X t rnt ·t lli~> 1• true. IJut wC'i. free : lw.iure ~nc {or ~tft, iut tir.t« mu:-t rl'mc'lll•t·r that. althtiUJ.!h the.· rank awl1 Prt!'idt.•nt · \\' H.oun •· pardCMl;CIII" ~ S."Ci.Un Jt'•litical prif(,ner, • ·ho didu!t ~mmit the :1;11 1 n uw that the Ltft \\'inJ,:' is iu 1"' ~<'!'-· . fih- ·A rlw P :trty 111l'n-..,C'r.:- ar<> mucl1 mo r f\.'\ u lut il• n:.ry t ha n .&lu:ir lc.;ult"rs. they ar.e no C"rimt fur 'M'hkh he ··~~ <ony~·1· c..nd ·: re· . ... n .,j :'1 tuedium or C':\prr~ ~il')n , till' minuttC: b,y ar~y IAC&AS uc.it.cd Qn tbe detail& of Party llucttl the ~c:ptrnct&'' uf utherA; frr. twcrrty \' j'l he J•Ullli~hed . \\'c 01rt.· ini11nucrl tJu,t 1 ..·ri •n had an ae1ua1 co1•Y uf th<' :ttinutc!ii. l.aetica. and fifteen \'Ur_.t dm~m to onr, · twcJ ancl and tlli .; pn·d ud~s tht' pn~~ihilit y Lh :u hl· wal" The Ll'it \Yin~· h:~;~ :m · immcn~ pr opa> •hree yaa.: Tl'f' pru.. rt:}Wnt~ tba'rbe ha!- • r.:il n•la tn :u,:(, lll!Hiish l.lt'furt: . . in this cut~utry, focnt frum P:ari,.. for the upapen." il. th~ Debe :u: 1 111 ~ u n :'1 r~port of ti t~ nlt't'tin;.:. " ' here \H ' h :tn- :t Suci;'lltst J'arl\' iit t CI take ib ph.:ct· <'A"t.'. pre!'lum~bh· t<4 .. reduce the ~tfnce." dul he ;.:t t hi~ co p~ ? Hut t'''"" th~ mcf n~ a :- thl' '' mt.•"l ;uh·;anct'(l.j\ntl resolute ,.'ccticm Xu. (.t•mildn. our protest~ andl our pra,~ ~h;• t « ;crhu employed t o ol•t01i11 :'1 C'vjl~ oi ~~~ r !~timltcs i~ nN for tht munH·tit imJHtr· c,f tlw \\O~kin~-t:I:L'-~ p:lrti•::-.'' · En·n ahl'r tor,. did nut wjn the:..e collt~m}ltiblt eops. • Jt 1~111. Th~ important JKtint i~ tl;at nn uifiCial . ti1e rh:lt')!;'dt..~ · tu thr Euu~rR"tllC,\' !\ationat w;l:- thr Eurut'ra'n c:omrack!', thr Comrauar.( tiH" SociaMst PnrtY read~ frtnn cu,,ie:{ of Cuiwt•ntiun art•,t:h:ctetJ. the education c! tltt is.b ur "" cc•UJlfriO". ,y.·hu, Jrrowing• ti~d of.. m ;twtc-!> that ~e . had: lUI tit It' t v ~rw:;s~·~s1 t u . r;utl. and fi lt• mu~t Ro o n. so tha.a }lu.y mA~· lit=:\ and hypocriroy, ha,·t turaed to aet:*. 11t1 l' of the hightlit drlt•ga tr hod u·~ tn ~•\l r intcll i~,;rt1tl~· fulluu· a.m1 paM on the si:;n· Tht· .ni,·tatunhip of the Ptoletariat i~ the . t•q ;:tniution . . It W35 o),,·ir:•us t v t'\'Cry«jj:tt' Hiciu..ut actiun oi ·\he J~mergt'nc~ Conn·ntion.j wurl.:t.·r .. ani''A't<f to tht' \Yhite Terror. , It ia prt~l'nt ' that he had not c11me h~· hi :ot C" ' py · .-\ :\'atJun111 J..ch \Vil1g Cvnlt·rcnp· ' w1ll ~ iv •quit·t thr ci;u,t of. a"-aJ.:eniJ'\C Labor io u 1 ,.·nl~·. ye't he WRS allr'"'"d t o prort-td with· weld juto QUt' Cui\JOciuu.., nnit tht• c.lelt•~-r:ne!' Eur•'J c- that \\'jiM.m hanc!:J out the- c:nimbs, 11nt ;w,·unc:' making a l•rr,tr!i: of J .(){':.1,;: frum ;dl lwcr the countr~ . atul , ..a..dn;.:. " ~t'. hc:rr'!l an amrteM,·. 'J:ht•..p:u't)' haS be~n prott-!lt i!IJ.: l'i~..,.nu~ly tht.·ir .n'lf..ur.n ''' their honu-r> '''ill ' carry intu Dt·nu,•cr:&t- J lo\'t Lht" ,~Jfkcr,. . " n;::tiH~t tht estHm~ ...~e t.·arr ird ur1 i11 t~tii' Uw rcml.lt.t::;t lJran~hcF Left \\'jnJ.r prmciph:l'l l'rut~t .. arc- f~liflh . Pra~en are dupit· n•:mtn hu th II\· offtclttl J:u \'C:rnmt:nt a ~enCilt:l' :uh.l t:u.:tit.' ... \\·hich wiiJ o!)crutc to rh~Jrl~ ·lhf' ahh:. Tla• •ml~· 'M'I)' to 'anFowrr 'the brute: :nul ln. un ,ffi~ial f' tOOI-pia.:•·u n ur~:auization;O. fu.udumCllt;tl idt:tf. vf the J'ar.t.~' UIUft' prn· furL' t • u f tht• ruling clal'5 i~t h~· ~ftl of the Y•·t '~ ltctt information uht ~wed h\' mc-thl'n.lro • i•.HuHfl ~· that tt.·~ thou;o;and !'J'C'3kcn: 1'trl,tt out oratnnizrd I.U"''t'f uf ,the A ..eritan "orkera. m·tnJ it·ii:tly si'milar t o thO!>oC" cmp\n;·~d hy 'ht: c•n h •u •· irwn ;\t•\\ Yurk, llustcm f.lr &ollll' J<.i~-:"ht. ju~tkc. ru111m mean nuthtnc "W*J' • t·.:pinnagt· agcndu i ~ ·Jaid ht"fon.: 11ur ''Co.r n· uthtr. t.'t•ntt·r. . rult-f.;: mJ.o;ani:ud po"·rr it. the ODiy arp- ~ r:u i n ~· lh• pro test i~ ma4c. hut un tht- ~n · ---o--L mt'nt tht'y r«ogniz~. t r·n~· t ht: Kight \\' in.: f.it..: Ujltn -coar('d a,nd · Jf l hr workenr of tht' Unite:! Stalft "'·ere l•fl'lt:u·,·s tu act upon the iufttrnllttit•tl. •· · "'"I' "'''rk lnr thrf"e .cla'·J, ~e jaik woald 1Jn wh;lt ground doc.:F. aJu~ p~rt y !•r.. •tf.:tt nd ll•h• and oa~ otWir Comrados :t~a i n:-1 .J(Il.t)"t;MJ.tnt'Ht t:·to~•ivn"j.! (' :- l:o: thi:" :. ~ Sktunl;"'· .-\prill:Jth. 'Gene Deb,. " ·cnt , would be f~ ' s·,,Hl•ll· ..,f Sc.Ciali!!-t IUAnr,r : ls thi ~ t r !Jical to priscm. for ten yean. \Yt·1arc_ ..,ick of :•n•tr"t.Fo and JrRYS~: ni tht• ,-cvulut i~ry ~h·tcrity oi ••Ur :~ar~ \ · T't•· ,...t.,, ... "~" •·' •.~:!' j)l..'a ;:, an.:! \C.F\~,.. J \\·,. Olrt' !1-irft•~ re~o~•lttt~ot.n• ,..,,. tfti!DU~ 1 • • • 'rJ•C' IK)S.}Jof:IUon of a cupy or ull• .tniaialett • .. \\'c deiD&Dd ~~ n-lt'ot!oe-not ''pardon'~ L l tl \ i. Nc~ York Exccutin St·c rC"tOir~· • ;crbrr caused 41 Juild MC'I~tion in the ~o..,t .. tt· t '••muli tU:e .met:ting on ~uud:tj· l.ut Ly ~mlaknl~ 1...-oduci.nJ! . and r.tading <"upit.·s of th· ,,,iou:,.!/. of tht l,•.t: ft \\'inK \.'i.tr Lv\11· 11· 1t h · t· . T~:l;t tJ1~ minuv·s di:·:pro nd what lh .. uUghl to 1 W\'C' : tit at l 'om ,ulr CitJuw h:.u l llt.' l!ll i.rnt O.UI ·h)' .the.: Lrh \\' inj( a!'o S ia.tr: ·,.,-.: .. ni 1.rr. i~ uf ltult· nt ·mio:-nt. Tlle q ;1ht i..n 1.;, ; \\·~~~h! dii:J f;t. , O<'r ~t:t tla· nun~tcs! 'fhl' J.cit \'t-in}.! is no l :& I'IC',·rct tn:,:ntiil'.Jt· t i ~·:•. Its Central Conunitl •:c ll\('C"' ... ••Jit.:llly ....us-ee·; I Will Debs Come Out. or Shall We Go In? 0 ul'l no hara1 and COII.IoCQUCntl~· '' rm • 1 d is! .· l•(T ut .Jh~· Ldt \~ WJ:. ,otand :Oquar.c.·l~ bebtnd tlw ·vu:;Wiuu t..•f.'l;cnc D,e..b~.·anc.t. we l1.:r.M\·jt11 wt" a.l""f' ~ot c.IN!ur:tt• tht.• ,o~cclt !or whitlt h~ :a·~ con· "Uiil'riuv ,unt!ter the .st.iuf{' "Ui ddc:\t , .tlre t lh ..c-th~ ,uabud!~•th.: Ri~ht \\'.inf( intendli Cu U"ot! in futur~? Does the membeNhip uf the I'''"'Y suvpom- t.hu.e utet.ho<b ; For.ewaroed i~ ior.:anne4. Victt'd. .,..,..,. l .o r b . •. ut <:t.'Ot' )e ,._ \\ c: demand the or ~0111 ~~OOftey, . l • · , _......_.., ft'ieaM'--tiOt • , - - II ~ l "> '(..t.'lll' Ucl110 told the truth a.hu\u tlw "''t~r. \~ r: Umand &be n-}it:ue-.&liOt ~ 1,'\' CU.t that ha~ happened &&net hC' Lvf ~ vulitit.·:al ~· .' F.n:n t~J•uk;-thGO inus;on of Socia~,L.t Ruuia h.'· ' ----.o-tlte Jnu.·fnAtivQJ} Jmporiali"l5, ~~~ amtif.lit( • Jl--~1I"'~ lu G<..llan)· . thr lutil•· vnx·ccdonJ<• ..r tht IQIJ><>I.Ont ''Pac. <Aofcr<n«" at ~~· h•· bei:l• ~ w wl & Nati<IMI ~. .F< .. • l'wn:-. und tl~ mubbinp. supJlrationa aa~ .o\mnc:,..~· C.cm~:eMioc;l of al the · 'T""ill" c.."l:l for a !\ntu...nal Ldt "1111: C'tn· aril"e.t:l .. ui Sociahats N ~II .ebeN.: tK..m• ..i.n ra""'r .ui .:a~·~ y 4-' 1 f~:rcncr, ; puhli~ht'tl' iJl · Tbe Revolu- .. thingro pru.\'t' ck;u-J~· 4G -tbc b1indc$t tbat t.be l'ul.ili..al .,.u...aeD-~~ ~ tiol;a.ary Ap. has our hl•arti,·~t c·n,lvr!04.•mt" t. War wu .nOiJ.LQg but a c.api&Miatt" .war, and t':r:al ~•uc·M'CM"'f" •&&Ch 4\"' the Civil~·.. . ., 11~<. tht Lt'ft \\'ing h :1:' unitcrl all tJl~ ' no 9orkinpDM Old UJ ~till it. . r~. eiL · trul~ rc,·o1utionary d rm.:-nt,. wtthin thr Tht" court ¥..ftich .c.onvioa.ed 'Gt!nr J>el1,., • \\'t- lta\'C' •tc~tbinK .~Mat lor fPc !":tray in Xew York, f'U mw•t \\'t·.join fo"f"' andt..hc.· S\lf•rt'll\e £our1. which tnllta~ 1.hc . h:t.odrul ur J;bera~ ~.ho stood 0 ~t' . w tth thelt' 14nlt elt:mcnu: tht· c ountr)' 0\'fr. rc~o~»:n·.Uun. pro\.."ed hi.• cb~that th~ autocrat:· in this .country1 aut oal ...... ,... :. , It I orrnize more tfrind~u!\ly fu r Cowt!'o ui thiw c~· Ar.r ~w:atecl to defend th~ \\'.ar, but ,rt:~-ard. \Ve ~~So­ capture af dlf' Pnt~· lJoth ltX:all.'·· Loc;al Y aud ·vrott..'<'t th~ capitali~tt"' cltia agunat the ci1li!ltH u-.·c. lhcm • 4t~ .ol ~ W• J.vcal a.nd lf.twnch hy Hf~ ; and 'a- "'·orkerfl. h~tu Lily appzove oJ lhCH' ~re •!~ t~Vf'Hl"~' .m «he C(lnling ii:mt'f.f(t'fK"Y t':t.nl y Thr ru.tltlc:~!.' ruling d~.ll' o f the ' l,;nittd political Jlri~oers iD the u-... ~· t.:unvc:nWIQ~ ~tateli. hnt.t:ncal at the aicht of ·nd doud11 Dut t:w tio.e 1ta.; 40Q\e W,... ~ 1D '•11w c...mrj~~ pmte:,t that they ntrrr in thf' ~!lt. turn.~ in~"t ideth·cl~· . to i~ .flO(' \l' ithdr;aw ln'\111 acth-e~.ia ~ " • :tl,,..,lutdy ·wirh the Jlrind)lic.·~ :.nd prvg-ram ~·~iJ))VU uplo!tt the rigtttt(tU5 wrath.of tbe ttl\n:rmontl, and ao de~ ti!M:ir ~ tD t•f 1~ Left Wing. but the-y do not approl'f' tyrannized and uploitcd worJ.:rr~fll.\.e orJ:;anbing. tbt prul. .r:iat 80~ CD . . . . ~ tJ[ ,. •· 1cpa,..te orpniution.. within titC' for.cc. tJ"hc:y ha''C' takch a"·ay our l»elond l"¥:~h ,wa direc.d}.·~.- .will .. , a.-y v..-y; How ~m. ~·c a slC. !Chall we actual.,- '(;f"nt-./thty _hJ\'~ • hut in their ·ftrot~U, ~S· · ·ilh . P'Ie ~sit~· .for Alnoelty Conua• 1 • • s:u 1b"ut aptur.inr ·tf1t" .l'arc;r machinery·? tillc o~r · f.urk'" Comi'JL'k, 1Jb<t 4.atlC4 to ,too.:. t T~t-" coM •• oto fom' ~uc:uwil in_ tfre ~U. what i!' in dv heartll or dta~ftld,o t .l)ur """"' f\Miuaal ~~ }!ruuch~ -. . . ltte CA-otral Cbmmtu~•. ~· oof \Uo. • • • • ~oi .c.h,r S«-ialiat .Put,· willaaM& ~ M· -ihC' aame <time •o'fritat~ our pnnc11JIC1 "fhc- N~tunal E.u:c:anv~ Comnnuc.c "l ~he: tbotc ,.·c .,._.. tab: 8CII'- . . - . . . . , S. , >n<l prognm -lftheronk and 1)1~: i ~~Jist .l 'alh' •:.0 ~d 1qllbold hv" ~,...,.,._ .... ...,....., . . . . . . 1u•tead of &. ....,.;.. of li.ul, .o:a)l<""""· ..•~ th_...,d ._wp of J>.rneat . OftT die <:tl ,..._.., •. . · ••h«tit""' .OII• bic·!'OY<ll.. - the 1...1~ '4 1111 <OIIIIm' •OII /Jb.1 lot. . ......... ~ -which_atth•-••i•u•~u.uouurj>rin~ £1\lteil? .'~-9 ...._,?To. !he~~~~~:::::-,:;_...,. .~ d.-lc:ta :~sad pt'OIT•m. Tbe , ~attunal, Lclt Go.\·ennl\tnf tbat PGt Dclbl 11' JJI~ ~ . ~~ \\'inK ("onlcrC"nee w t: t cn..te a ~atio~l who~;!'' 1Vi<",. and petty apnt,. hu·e f'"'~ utt Wine . r--te eaoe 1'\latioul ~ ~r ~»" '""'' f :a· l tt . C®,·c.oao. ..n .. . 1• . \ ., ,.,.eft'd l ( ' �•· THE NEW YORit COMIIUN!n" The Party Situation· W THli: INQUISITION J'J'J j thf' ri Me lfJ pu\\·tr (li thC" J A.'h \\'i"K' oqcaniulion .,.·ith in th~ Sf,. C"ia li l'l t P art~ iu Se\\' York City. l\tr lfK·.al uffirirtkl(,m iu,.:tituttd a ,·aridy uf new re, :-ul u tk•ll,. anti r;,mmittt'(!l gO\'trniug thdflc \\;thin the l'lrl\' anc.l thu~u ·who wuuld \\' ilhln th t> }'a ny be . Nut the lca :tt oUensi\'C of lhtse \o\AS the c::n:atk..n of a. ("ununittf"C (I{ three fur tt •c- pUI'J'f oi'\C' ,,f ,._rri llin~.: applicantc lror tU~lll · l:,.Nhip in th,• .. ~f('iuli ~ t · l'~nt y . tht• l':trl .''~ hll-.· f~n \'f'r~· Iu s ' ""'"'''lin}! th " :u l1niK.<~it•ri of Oe"'' tu.: rnhcr,., pr:trl intll ,\ :u t~· Ol) t" ""'hu Fii."f''Cd an appJiC3• ti•·ll ),1:1nk lwiu-.: n•lufittt•d wiLittJut qursfion. Tim i:1C"t h:t"' (often l~cn point~.- d out l•r 11.:,11, , ,f t ho:-~ 1111"1Uhrroe who'huw con;.titutr th•· · J.dt \\ 'i u~:. IJUL witltout r~:.& ult . But th••att: "!11 • :tiiJ:J.!I':-tcd 1\' rhans:t in tht· n-trthtrd uf achn iuinJ! nt-n' m .4i nl~u )aitotl n.:, idr.a of lu.11d iuJ,: tlw l'ontnJl , of the gro \\·th of tht J •k rt~ in th i .. fll~ n,·,·r tu a Jew ha,nd·picl.:ttl jncli\"itlu a l~'~ Tht· mu... t runllnilll SUJ:'I.:<'"l"Lion m kde •.:a';.t th11t !~ran ches ~~;houlp exercin, t hrOUJ!'h t h«·;r l' ~f't• uth·c- ur mr!nber~hip rc•m· rnttte.::-, a 11tri\·trr r ••nlrPI in thfs nwtter. In ti lt' )':t ,:; t ; rhe (fi:Ottitlll or thi~ C'OIIInlitff'e , 0 Star Chaml•f'r Extr.t••rd in:tn M ~·: it nu\1.' fun c tion~ . at th i~ ttmt , j .. rl~:11rl.' ,;,111 a nt:HIU c,f \'Utnd· d tnc~ . lt i:- :\ ttirt•t't tlllt'tttt•t h.' thh .. (' at prtcocnt iu t•untl"' •I tu Jll'r)'ttu:lt c;- thc-Ol .. t·h ·r ... .o\JIJ>an: ntl~· the R igh t \\' ing helie ' e"that th" pr,·acnt tn·n•l n f t'\'t'lll:- in tht wurh.l at larJ:t' wilt rt'!'Uit in tht• H\r uf ji: nt·h n• \·,.Ju t iu t ~r .' toc.n tHnt>nt, that it ht'h'"'''f.f. the l'arty to Oe very c:.rrfu l in atlmittinf:' 111·" nH.· mht'r:;, Jc-.. t • JD New York " \\' h/ u.- .Htt. j\Jiniag the Part~· oow ?" thr firl'l qu~ltion . Rf'mt=m1kftnJ:' the In~· uf,thr lancl . that one is a !II!' Umed to beittu uc,·v t until IJN\' t-"11 ~ilt~· . 'A' f' took ,·.,ur.&t:t ""d n:vlied : .. Deocause it ucm1 tht: JlfC,n·hulugiC'"'..I) momtnt ."' This seemrd proff'~JI to bt-lievc that it is a )i;.iou~ mt'tfotod of foiling the .. " 'ill of tbf' peoplf'... Now, ho\1\tvcr, that officialdom laces immt'f'f'CC)' it immediately cliaeovcn ia the ,G rnyma•dtr a friend indeed, and it procec4. to attempt the rt"Or,:rinizat ion of ·~"C"ral J.raochf't ia '" I"' ' "· and we ..... ited breathles•ly for <'rd.r, if .,.• are to beli"'1 •rru· tht- nut l• 1r!llt." ,,·hich was, whcthtr l''t ltw.OtA, to fuil the wtu of\tfw' k , v.-ho itt wrn· f• ,rn i n rhi~ count_.,.. Nca:osuringly thit~- particular Cill'lt' art" ~c henhip . of 11111\\'arL:t'd hy the fact that tour aftceator:t . m~ Socialist l'any. ,,,, JC'wief1 ~i tK"r Hi JIIC\mcthinJ,r had bft.n t_,r./.n hC'rt- . Bn.nch h:u' b<-en 110 reorphid atKI Ow 1;1it :uul w~ lilotwi"'t. l'' t ans ..· ~rr-d it{ the a.f· A. U . lir:anch is nt presnat ia thC' &.hf'CH'!t -ol firmflti,·e. \\' htrhC"r " 'c stoud by the 1tatr.. tbt Gnrrmandrr. " ';' $ . ::~~:~\r~::!·.:~~~.";'.:~i•:k:::c::..:nit~d c!::~ ~:~ '"t: ;::;.~::•• tlt:•it.!: l:tin for ~InC" 'C.''efl ~.. ti:k~ . wa~ aiNJ an· "' "·~n-d in the atrirmati"Ye. mutourrA a re rt' ~ ned to : u ;. tnc caN of th• Jrd, 5th and loth .'\. D. -.4 8tlt .~ . D II ~rt' the uami nation arc-m f'd to be Uranrbh, bot h of "''h ich ~a"e rhargu ••Hr. itl•tl we werf tnld there woald eppaJ~o­ pt·n din~: against them which K is .JUoC"t'rely "''t'r, aud wC" were told thert' would be huped thy the Right' \\'ingY will re.ult in :\)'Jitlr«· ntl~· n•• furtht.r difficulty M to our thrir C'XJml,ion from tht SOciaJ•t }J;;,n~ . uu·ml,..!!ihip. \\' r l'n.·parrd to !e:l\'t', " ·hen ! IHJdcuh· Chid Esaminu S o. 1, ...ho bad THE PARTY PRE&S. ,.t;•wl l•r !tilenllr du ri ng the proc:redingao. :-oholt t•U l the qu eatJon , u Do ~·ou · 'kng ..• :\lthouJ!h ona ,f lhr hnmcdiatf' pui nt at :111~ unc- in the 3rd, 6fth &ttd lOth A. D . i ~~ u~ ht..•twcrn thC" Right and Lt-f \\'ings Ur:and1 ?'' l<rmemhc:rin~ our con\'t.na· i!' thf' nwucrshi p and cuntrnl CJI the o .. u w ith the romr.ade who had assured us party press ; tile ){igttt Wing t>lring t ha t ""' wil'ft not w:~.ntf'd in the. Party- thr attitude that lhc lt.ala" quo ~rould \\ I ' ~· ramhh rl irantic':llh· in our bn.in! be maintainrct to aJI ;.te.nu a.nd i .. r ~um r imt'X'UOU f.-!'~unc1int: :\nglo- purf'Ol'lC':I 1hc mac:hint• witllin the ~xoou n:tniC'"i, carefu\J y a\·oidin::: a11 of Part~· coiurul& t.lt e prr-"1 •·hu it cuml".l' to Ct.'hic (lr!J:i n . a~d ftrund two . Th~ matttn uf l'artr JMll icin and tactic',., (Hfida.l· fi:t' t"llh' ' ' aJ..,, t•• P""'' · •lt•nt ;,. im·:triahly in the pn1itinn ,,r the. Thus whtn th-e Part y prne \\' lth tt fiJJ:h uf n :hd . '-'·e left the huild - .:tand·i•a ttrr. inJ:. ifrli~ !»Un" nnr rrd. rard wu L<r: good • ra=~nain :o 1'1 ilt'1H (Jtl the:: atallt'r it i!l pl;,t,ving the ~IUC' o r. the machin e. rr .. iuc,nr Jtil("ke t : hut to dat: -twu m ont hi! .;. jn~,·c a)•J•K tihn- \\·e arf' Mill ('~Tdleu lu all appeals (o,. n•Of'lll1 aml financia l the in (hL'C C•i fT'\'ulutihnarv rt·rnti1s ,,._rj.!in the } 4f'h \\' in,.: contrnl ,,f tht J•:•rt y. Tltc- n•t REPRESE.NTATION IN THE CITY rc .. uh "' the c.r,.ati11u of thi ~< ~t:..r lhamhr,.. CENTRAL COMMITTEE i ~ 1hr J u,J d in~ up (If hundrtd" of <applicativn~ ttncl · t ltr conf'f'C'Jllf"TTI h•SJ t u (lUI MU\' tmt'nf ( tw 111 J.:' t .. tht fart that thr machinffy ut of the· !'("tl'irr~ oi ntm and wotnt.·n \\'ho ~e tlw l'lln,· ;,. in thr control of the Right e,·rs .lua\·t heen openrd tn thrir economic \\' ing• '~"n;· np)'ioJ1un iti<'~ Occur ..·here~y ~ 1 ud i titii 1S throngh tf1 ~ prt"'!I' Ut't " f wo rld th~· machine cnn~li d.::nC'!' it~lf. \Vh il~: all C!Tt' Ot!'. The fa.ct that o\' U 90 114.'f l't' Ot ni th«·! larn.ndlt'~ knuwn Itt ha''C" a m:~.jnrif)· nf Ri~t huudn·l!:oo ,,f aiJplic:ant.~t so t1eld up art' \\'(•rJ... \\' in..:- nn-mlH"f":e JU"\' g;,·,·n tht'd- h rll quota in,:r nu-n and "'·omen, m~mber ~ 11 f that cla!'H ,.j tit'lt•J.:".tlt'.. h t tht' fe-n tr"al Cnm m itt f'f' , in Hoe.·it•h · whirh we claim t u br thr ,·uic•·· hrandlt'" knuwu tu lrt' C'nnlrolkd ht t.he Leh 'm rrth· fl.~n· nJ,:"thC'n ... rlte assumpti on that thi~ \\'in~-: nr ~U "I""""'d ur hark.rrin~:' a · totroflt! "· ltol~ proctrtlin~: i"' R political mO\' t' m tbr nttthtrit y uf l..rf• \\' in~-! mrmbn~ aninttrt~t ,,f thC" machine. \\' hile- I'Ome uf t ltt> "l•f'rt"\'t' r 1-"'J~.t~ihh- ch·11'1"i'·t'rl nf thdr fun qu c!ltiun" a:ik t.1 h,\ this amateur 0\'t'tm:.,n rt'J•i-t· .. entatiot11. Thi" t'~pedall~· appJiu to Cc•mmi'iu·t- ch-3rl\' "'''"\"'' t!tat th .: applic:tl"'t't tlw ''"ri .. u• Ru(il~ian bn~:uagc branc"he,.. For kno:.;,·i.:d~e ,.r, nr ·l"ympath)' ..·ith. the Social· ··~:m1plt-. tht' £irst (dnl''ntown ) hnnch Clf i~t mO\:emtn~ iH nut the rt'nl f'C)int .at ; .. "'"'· thl' }o(t.~JUooi:tu F't"<lerntion v.·u giv~n onl~· tw h The fulhrwift~ i~ an an·uunt u{ t he!l.r third ' ,,,.l,·g-atc.·... a her prute."t hy thr bran!·h it "'a5 dt·i:tt'~ tuethod b.\' Vllt' of tht' \•ictimo. : ~i\•t·n thrf"f- d~legat~~. elthOUJ:h it!l full rc.prr.. cntatit•t1 il' at lr:.&'-t fuur if not '1'h'r del egates. ' ~fogcot1a er with stvera1 "''uiU-bt' '' l'f tnl · Th .. ~'fhh Rranrh uf thr t.:kn. nia;, Federa· radf:s," ) \\-.itt•rl one !'o!.ttttday m.. rning , tion htal'l unh· two delt¢atel , ah.hnu~:h 8C• ltf'inre locked dvu~ at the' appuifltrrl h Ci nr. , t't~rdin¢ tu tl ;c h,,·-lews h i~ entirttd t o four. f,tr tlln~e •nnninted of t ht l..nrd to :t rrivt, ur' fh·C". lQ UP. th<mgh our t;tttf'. · \\' bile ~·ait · in~ . • ·e ~)r,\'haftJ,!ttl C:rperu:nr~!l' a,. to GERRYMANDERING ''ow m::~n,· tim rflo wt' h ;ut <'IIIUt' befurt' . rt c. nut l.rr uf th ,· rnt'th ..t l >~ n· C'rll\1~ hn·n1ght , \\3• told hn"' ihr, Funduy J.I TC'\ ihu!l. fihy iWtt. ph··~· It~· tht' l< if:h t \\' ln,;r 11f th C' oor n1u~ working. uicn hatS "-aited in \'a.in t ;t>rr.' nmudt·r- a tuti('l1 f,.r ••, tor e. a h(lur. an d flna11y h:1d ,::unf' pan~· i!i! t1 tr m:.ttrtt'u'1'' whirh call:~ ionh ,olnhlt' dt'OIJUU'' " :n "ith tht ir ohj ert una r hit'\' td 1 One ,•um~:,dt- rr-nia rktod,· ••ThtY don't ..·a nt u a ciatKm hy the- :-:.c..ci;\li:tt Purry "''ht'n pract:11ed 1"hC' (~rr~· · iu thf' l'an_,. fl Ow"- - but j~111 •~ 1 was he- J,ty c.ithrr o i tht· t•ld l"'lrt i r <~ . f.:innin..: tu lvsc- all hoPf' of bdng a " Party mander il' a !'Chf'rn c uf rt"f•r~aniLi n5r di• tricl tt l'Cf .alii to Uivitlr lht"; f,rrC't'l" uf thr "Jll~irion . tnrml.t•r.'' onr t. 'h ic-F 1-:...aftliner arrh f'cl and ttnl ..('kf'tl Ruum r.O.i. \\'e filtd in and Jt ill nut a rauil'Ularl,· ••irioa:- Jlulitical mo~·c ..,·h ilf"d a\loay thf' timf' f'eading our Soc-ial· - ••u). indtTcl. in l'A! ~iu. ti .. t cirdr~ ha ~ rome to itct ·t-apers and "'itinr fo,. ChiC'f Examiner h.- lookt'll upcm" n~ our u i thf' lin It' prh·ilrJ""t"" Nn. t . 'l' inaih· hf' tun arrivc:d. and the · t~f the party in IJQ"~r. Uut tht' ntajurit''. Huh· ol Holi~a " .. " opened. and in we Jrcia1i~l~ hi,·t al\\·a!"' ;;,(i«lt'd . riKfttrou~o ·,.rni, one by oue. to mnt OUT fate. indi,-.;l~ tiun whm th..y "cr·C' the- \'ictimf Uld 1"' lu~hn.,tht prt'!lf'llt hffitiuld~ llll :md "!"" ,,;It A ~nJtrorl \\ hich imm tiuu· tn tirt..- a... i"-:- Util J,,,. T'.trt~ paJ)<'rt' ; Ont' or ' lhe .. Mrt~f'M ar~umenb 'rfll advanr,•tl j,. that 1he "'~ '~hip pa.fl'" " 'hich wiD pr,.!Cnrt its ha,.,.~-:. \' lrw s and \\hid\ , b\' ,;rtut of tlte..al»rncr of iiuanria I control • throo,rt• aahaiOtn. or • ·ill pre."'CCIt tM ·•nub oo a.H (l('C":'o:;fin!'l:. \'C'l whe-n A po•·erlal mintrrity ari!!ou wi!iti a thC" J•'a'n y t.hr oUkial J•rf'!ll rdn'-t" tu aC'IJUaint d,1c ru~mbt'Teh'p"""'• i th tht: far1. Thr Call, . thruugh its Board of ~lanaJtemcnt, hail: nftlM'd to giw- a"'· Jruhli · dt~ tn thf' t .t:.ft \\' ing.- orpn iutioo : · n ' tft goin~ to thr lt'ngth of rTfusiac tt.. actvrnise nu·t· t i n~ Jirld unOer its; ald,-Cit a~ f'uch, and the Left \\' ing can only inscr:t nuticct uf iu Ol f:t.'ti nJr.' b~· camO'ttflac\n« undrr U!t JUlme of a l'tmnnittct: or lOrrie othrr hody Th~ CaU "'"Y• io elfc::ct ''• ·e will acupt yo ur a•h·rrt i~enu:nt5 but " 'e wi!l not print the n:t.mt' etf you r ~niutinn.. ~ .. , tht•'- it main tains tht.· f ic tit~n nf a •' fr~ prt:u" for which il i:;o always ostent,ibly fichciag. , ad,· erti~ment ~. Th• Jewiah Doily Forward. an <•Hicial f•rgan of th&: So('ialil't l'an~-. takU otUfh the ~"' ~"' attitude t0\\1atds tht' ·Left V.·tn~ hut in ot ht'r mAtters it gr~es tiO far to the right u tn rdu!'t' tn print th e names of pan~· mem· hrr whu may h:n·f' fa 11m ""der tht diPoplea!l\lft:' t•f tht gu'·rmmc-nt. h rt.fu~ to ad,·en i~e the Novy lllr1 the official trrpft of thr ku !'ian Fr~C"ratiun, al~ thi1 hody i!l J'" n ui the Socialist :'arty, feet rtC'cttpiell' in rebtint1 to the Part,• f:XIIc:th· tbe&aml• )JOf'itfon as d"" t.ht' F-cdn;tioa. r h, Je•ish. l.o<al llrunx hu ht:ld ,...., ..uinp ..,. the dii!I("U'ijCion of the l..dt \\' ... ' )#anifeii'D aad Prugnm aod .,.ill h<>ld • titinl ..... ~ Friday. AJ'ril, Uhb iia i"'.ondoo GMnu.•3873 Tbird :\n., Al 8 p.•m. t t �THE NEW YORK COMMUNIST A. • .. The Left Wing and The Call ~JO~G tile ridil·uluua MX:usations hurlt!d at the I ..cit \\'illf hy thr Right i ~ the char~ tlult -.·(' ..·ant h• wrtc k the New York Call. Tin.. i'!lo base.d largely un tht> fact that the Lrfl \<\'i ug ba.s rdUMd t o liUpport or con- trihtu t: to The: Call'a ampaign tu ra1ss: $!t(),HOO fur V.'J1y ? ,a new printing pJant. T hf' Ldt \\'ipg •Iandi. for Part: ownr-rshiv a nd control of the official P&rty prus. The: Call is an offtei.al or~n of tht t'aity . yN ir i-. neither n•"llrd no r n mtrollt"tl hy th rPart :. The Call is nir.iog $!){1,000 for a ntw pbn1. and ae an of-ficial· Pany organ. is a~ J'Caling- 1n the rank and file o( r .. n~· nlCnl~)(" r~ f,.r funds. Yet whm the: printing pb.nt is ' '""J..rh t. it -.vii) bt ncithrr " wnr-d no'r con· tiuH1·tl h,· the Part..-. T Ju .. ~~ ho ¥.· Tbe. it- " "'"nf'ft ar11l c .. n. trulk-d . 0.. Tt i .. pu hl i..:hr-d hy thr- \\'~·r';n~nn·n l.f. f o. OJ~·ntn· r Publi$hing A s\Coe<iatio n, an Organi7a t i:•ll nr T'arf\' Dltmbf-:; Cont n ·' i!'1- \1et'tt"d in t lh· \ ".l()('ia~on. and in a· Hoa r t1 o r ~fan· Call ·~~l~f-,,. --o1' t'r,mc-thing 1imilu ~ \\"e arc t n1d by IIICIULtr!ii or the Hwrtl .. r Mana~:'~,,. th::t.t ' ' t he= initi•tson fC"~ and dut.."' rntrict 1 the Tn our ct.em.nda, the Boa.rcl of , . . , . , . a:uwers j1.a<~~t what the. capftafist 111te-m &a· · awtn to the worker&, just tbc: .R.ic't :\ o;sci:Ji inu to thofo(' PaMv mcmt~,.,. " 'ho arc \\'inJ:" machine &niWt'n. to t,be. Ldt W~ : really intueated in th~ pape-r." \\' hat a: '"Chang< it. thm, by all m..,.o d a • hS)lh•ndi•f rt.l5Cin for a Socia.HIIt! but UIC the lep1 and CMWti~ ........ \\"h~· is it, as the Ikard of Alan.a.gcn nyf, ~ry, which functioDa 1D pntott W 0C.U. that " plenty of Jlf'oJiko k!clc about The Call, you." Lnt the kickcn arc M\'er inttn:stt'd enough W< n:ply : "~t Ia JOUr· ~ ler tu C"OIIIr {(l mcrun.,t" \\'chan hurd 5im- fuainc to ~cmoct'11tiu TM C..Ut Tbeft c.ilar JOt.-ntiruent!- h-om c,ap tairts of indu~~;tn·, bc...,l>onutt'ftiiOIL Do""t-tow..._ 'l<eality' and 'CIDI>Otituticm&Jity,' i,a If ,... t· ocr,lai nin,; " wh~· demur racy is a failure... • I Jemoc-rxy it: a filihlrr. chitfly because wer< afraid of the majority of the "c.cialilt . . thL; ;:real mu.!\ of !he. people "have notbinr Party." Why 1hoolci the Ldt W~- w.alll to......., t o · ""Y aho ut the Governmf'nt. The 01 democr:ac-y" of The C.JI d~of'~n 't ¥o'Otk fnr t t• Tbc CaUt On the contrary : 11>e Let Wizoc actly th~ f'ame rt:.lAOn. The constitution of • ·ants to take over The CaD.. wi• the reat the _Associatio n plaeec obstacl.et in the way of the Pant machinery. at tht ..,.;~E...,. ' · nf J':ut.v co ntrol In the fir!'it pla~t. it costa 1feney Conveatioa.' ', · mon('y tv be a member; in the aecond place, an appl icant far membe-rship mult M Toted ' '"· :uuJ ''''t"n th,.n ht" · r ·mn11t «"XCrci~~t.t- hilli h e Leh \\.· ing· organization has dKtded r ight" 3S a member until the nut quarterly to IUJlpo'tt the fnllowinl!" ftOt!tineet and II!Cf'tinj.{. thrf't months off. a~k s all revolurtonan1 S.K"ialil'tl lo do m •• · To tilt' rank and Hie:. impat.rnt with· Tbe- wiie : ' . ·', .,.,at Left Wing I!Jotes. T arn- Jlur the ~ational .1-:Jt.t..."Uiin, Commitltte,. Cal1'1 r-diwria.l polic·y. 1he H .ard of Man· :a,;e rs aud itJO JUJIJWU1f'N. U~ fitt'1ngt: 111 Di ~trict : N. I. Huuf'~·M:h. N. Y .. Edward n1enh•. "l.ind,:-,en, Brooklyn , ~ . \' ., l.o uts..C !ra.ina. F•'r t·xn mplr. "f'aT1~· u "'"Tlt•n.hip and con- Boston, •taas. • · tr J i:o ind ficM:nt." Thi~ i~ th~ same arguJ:-or Jntc:matlon:ll Dt-lCpte~ : 1. E. Frr· ment U!lcfl IJ~· prh·atf' ("apitalist!l ag-ajnJ't l.indgnm. Brooklyn. N. Y.. !..t"tul.t C. Fniu. yt:J"" t ;•o n :.rmnt'nt o ~·nt.l'l\hip . Jn a Pa"'· ·whidl Ho!<tcm. 'Mass.. John Hn,l. S . Y .. C. E. T !h· n.~rd of !.!an~t-n: i~ e.lf'tt f'd a~ 1o l- i\ ims a( till' pu_hlh· O'A'I"W'r,.hip nf ind.ustry, it Huth<'nlJotrg, Clt',·eland, Oftio. ln.,·.. · f, '' " mcmben f'l«ted L t thr A~soci<t.· ih1un<l-. a littlt in<VUJ..'TtiiiU,.- :md nk~reoTU, tiCin : t'nur membe-r.~ thOf.nl L; the Jou r Ln- it 11huw,.: th:tt di,.tru~t ttl thC' proll'tariat ·'l'h<' f1'tllo"'·in,::- l.r:1nd1c~ •;tnd locab :in c~f~ ..~J"-rt-:Hf'T Ntw y,.rk , an:ct the ~latt·. '-' har.ac\CTi~tic ,,f ·• Modcr~tt· Soci:di~rn." f.ir~"ter:, Sew York h ou ·e ir'iihatc~ with the Tht Coard of M&n&~"trt• ill t-l«1trl a~~ 1" 1·. .·\ nntllt•r : '' T-hr n wne-r..h1p ttf ' property l.•h Wing : lfm·.. tour memben h v the .4.~M>t·iation : m:lkCii tht· Part"\' conl'eT''\I"ati\'t:~· Thi11 ;, also l ..ocal Queens: Entire local. ft•·t· tnt·m~ hy tht fo u.r Loc:al!l ,,{ r.~atf'r surpri-.in~o: : if i~ i~ trul". tht'n tht ownenhip J.m·al Kin¢5 : 4th Hu!'fli&n .Hr. of ftle Feel Nt•" York . and the St-atC' Comm.itt«'~'. 1:\t u i :.IJ p ri v:itt' ftrt+Jtf'n\~, ,.,h,ch i~ ftllr a.in1 . w ill 61h A. IJ. Hr-lo ~ tht' l•n.·-.rnt time t:htn arc fin additional m:akr thf' wurken hJack f"e.aehonaries! rnt ml•t'r.;, who act in a m OTt f•r le•s erl7th A. D. lira ..... I . "i"••r.' .-:~.pHtit_v , r..nreH"nt ing "r,ni7:"<ion c, \\' c· wt'rl" tnkt' 11" f\ne m.embf-. of the gth A. D. B.aaell t - ,.Huard •·f ManaJ.""no.' "It t.akt1i t imt ' tiJ ~~~ IJth A . IJ." Or..U t fnrmf•t l :a t n ne time to niFt. monty f<'l r , Tht """'l'li-.h .lh~ rha~. In the mean•·bi~. 141h A . D . Rr..-ch 1 f ..tl ; \ \ l ' ~·e inforn1ed th.1.t tti't'~ add itional il j, \' ll.aiJy Df"CN-~\' ft.r T'he CaJI t r. hase 14th A. iJ . .l<wlolt Bn.ach m«"mht·rar-1-aip" wiJ1 1M' ;.},.,,li'5hC'd at thr IJll"t't· it.. l•ri uti n~: pl.-tnt. I.Je~' u~ nu"·· and then •Jr~ A . U . li"'M I • inr; ,.f \ 1•ril 2 5th.) 1 . wr'JI talk abuut t•)ian~in~t the o~·nerAhlp T" '' bcttt aJ"'e: plain Fir<tt . that it costs ~t i uurity crou~ in aH oth«'r t.n.nc.hea. money h l . f"n'eT thr " rk-mucra("~·" the :wet cuutn..l." Thil'i i~ tht' ~""' arcument I .Co~Cal ~ew"\'or&.. : l l'tA .. l>. \\"ur~llll,"TTTf'O's Cooptrat h·(' f'uhli shins.: Af'l• " ·ith which thr (.cwerornent~ or E arope per4 . •nd A. D . f't'(' i:lli"" · SeCond, that the ' ' official'' P.arty "uadrd r1lrir ••orkf'~ to AUftpOrt th~ \\' ar! J, 5 41:. tnlh A. D. deJegat~ on the Board of Manapn...are: in Till' nrt1u"•UJ- :.rc· imprC""'''<If'd h,v a:to\hCT lith A . D a bare m~jority--l"rn Q four. ~• ..!,_h:\1 l)y pk-cr uf "'flecioo" rea'\('Di~. Tbe Board of 81t1 A.. D. )<..-. Br , ~itlm~.: " ·itlt the AS!OCiaticon -fHl"ml~r'. one ~1anaJ:eN- say~ tha t "Pan."· o"nen.hip"'" is . All l<.,..iu Branches. J~al drlrlf&tc. could ddt:lt thr will of t he dang-en•u!O. for if the. As&OCiation..were tdcn~ All· LettiM Bt.oc:nea. · t hrc:·r oother Loca.la of (,reau-r !\rv:' Ynrk. tical " ith the Lorah; of Greaitr Ni-w Yotk. All llha..., Br. 1 '0\rt ~ mrmbe:rw du«'~" t 1• the P~rty. t:lMl any llUit fur dam~f"f, again~t Tbe Call All Jlungarioll lit. , F t•!" t hi\t thry are entitled t fl a vnior-f- in ~arty W\JUIO make it 1XJNSihle to attach the Party Gc-rnum· ff...,.,-iln Br. afbir· The CaU is an offkial Party organ : fund:~; ( if an~·); or. &iRCe t.he Pany jjl not E~t ~nian BraDctl. , h u t ' •i·i·•T'r a Party membe-r can hl\·t a ,·oiee inchrvuratr-d . it mit:ht 10:1\u: r\'t'A" mr-m1M"r zn,l Nur.si.u Bn.nch in t h•· m:ugerne-nt of The CaD he mnat pay l iah~. (u.-lridt ,Y<d<rariocL) si~ cl..lbu"!l.· This it a mock«'t")" uf .. P~rt)· Pn~~iKh·. Th:u i~ not the point at iuue Maruy ffill ~ .contro l... hcrt" w·~ do aot c:temaDd • immediate Bruch '· · \\\ · 7t:J\~ 11tated p-.!blkt,· many ti r;nl"~ tha.t abolition of the Wo~'• Cooperatift MinoritJ pape in all if The CaU would aubmlt to Partv c-o ntrol, Aaaoci.aUon : •~ demand th.t n::~aJ~henhip U.,. . other bft~~tltca. •, •. r " n:11d ~up-port thl" Ci\mpaiJ,.'ll ~. i :hf' Clf- the Locals ol Gr-utH Nt'W York carry wi~ J .t~cal Hronx: 3rd Ruuian B...-... ficin! l'a rt)' U1"f&Jl for a l) f''-'" Jlrinti n~ r l.ant . it memloen.hip in' the A81oc:iatien. ' H ..:nprian ,ltraK:It. Mtn1•rity ,.,..Oup,- in all ~..M'T ..ranchet. and ~:l.acll~· 11111 '» • • 1111 I 1 • • I I I II • ll u\\ can the managt-ml'nt of The Call ht(ternttrrn t iud? Among man~· plan!-. thr fo l 1'hl' followine a re \be l..dt WiDr papaw Jo"·in~ ~!'- been robmituct ' " the fh•:ard of peneral Membership Meeting 1n ~e~· York : D<r JC:ampl (Tioc 5<"'11'1•) l•~·is~ : :o<o,.Y Mir (New Wcrrtd) R...-.; )b.nlct-n : Ev~ry member of the four Local&~ of .1-:lurc:-· ( F01'"W&.f'd) Hon~ria'n : Rubitnik at 1 P. M. t \\'orkt'r) t.Jin:afniaJJ. · Greater New York becornee. ex~ffido a smmbcr of th~ Aleoc:i.ation. 'If the money MA:'>HATTAN LYCEUM paid by me-mben. oldl.e ANOCiation is ncc.e._ btl• .-\. D. Bnu<h, N. Y., will hold . a 66 &s141Jr Sln<l ..ry. an annuol opec1a1 duH otamp will yield •pnv<>sium debate on party tacliaa Ill . . lmportaJ\t matter to be diiiCU.-d tbe re-.eauc. clubroom,. Friday, a' I p. m. \\' 1-1~ i~ thtre cppoaftion t o IU<'h a ~hfmc , - -··'a t"•on n•··t· ····-.· thn·.. ~· .. • , , • ""''""'"'" Party mrmbcflll. and only Pany mt-ml~~~.·r... may bt- c.krc~ tnfmlbe~ of. tht A c;.~•oot" i:ll inn, upon tht paymnu of ft.,.e doJ~ar:o:. init i:ttion ft"e and .dul"" o f OM dClll;tr per m un th... ,,r par 4 -' I''.' Ill''"' LEFT WING Sunday, April 20, 1919 ........... ~· . �I·f • TllE Ullt' Y.O.RX .Co.M.¥l.llu.a1 A Window on the World. t r, dump (rn f, rrr ign n~rL:rb . and thUJ ca vtun· '" ?rid tradr! The- ¥rorkcr!\ 11oill atr ikr • ·ond tilrrr will l1t' nu unrmpluycd ·to fill th ri 1 1•1:1.\''t'!>. ~hut duv.-n thr m ill s and &tan r thrm : Thn· "ill ukr thr mi~ . ~ h• l ~ immirntio~ t u L:rt'l' out l!o!::!lt\·: .. m . ·1 hrn ~ t vp cnUcr.bon to J•rr ,·rnt ~ nl s hc,· i!'m . T hru lrt iu :.II the: J.ar:. ~oitr" t• f Euro1w- fl«inJ: ~Curt· thr Ui<"l:llh rr..h ip of thr Prolrt:'l rt.t. \\'tu.t ill the· 1'1'Sllh : ll .... l ~ hr\' ~"•! I UIIIUII to l't'arch JO.r •tJtc (traft ..,rditHutcr ••r an: of .thr opip"ll'l th :11 ~unr!.uct~· ia c·tmtc-mplatiu,r sta.ninc a cuur .. "· in p'ulllic gr!f.turiflg aod' of cuu~· JH"UJ•IC' will J.a~- \HII to. ~ I3U(bt how to a n titl R:oing tn jail. Ju!tt thlu.k of a w<"ll· m u. ni n~ rnl C'~latC' aJltnt, onrcou1c. h~o th_ c -ht·:. ut ,\ uf tht· "itr h,t' i ~ try in&:' t o fui!'i t upon h Hrons.. famil,·, ''· ho th':'l•\·: ~ i:: :um l u \\ ;ud; :hr holitun ;an;l n·ho n·.1l :zC" ~. ::i i 1• • • :.\lt·. th J t HiJI tbnn JOCI thi " •clf·s:un r. l; t" ~tur(" . ur · uf thr .irate" old ,-nti<'PIU) , th(' bacl. of ' ' ~~~~r lW:rk hu j\ll't !f.lo pflC"d thr · ,;olrn t fli:!ht oi ,.:~n unr-rirw: tontiltu, iurit ~ ng f_(luu\J tu ~·:~L:t• hi" fi!f.t• at 41 group or Jlt1lall hux" whrn hc '!luddmly rr~ntmllers haxirt.:- lrton a ~.d a lir.t .oo\ldtTTftan rmJ•!o) thi!( f,amr rrstnre wiu:n rduwd~u forD parad~ ; . ;\!' it is l"· hin41 · :~n y UM',. ---o-- . ·. The Teleecope M lrti:al law ' for fh·r Irish Co,~utiu is cmc o! thr Kturiou" achit\'cmrnt_u( thr war fo r J.:t~all n:ulua:~~liticr, hul lht:n 1111riL:r!- in L1n1rriO:. Cud.': . anrl Uuh!iu om.· thr a.ch ic.' ~ nltn1 1' o f na..rtial La" . .,,.t: lr;&m un dahiui.l~ authurity .tlltlt thr lwiat:io«" ft~ufi" t,u -N-ar GU !W rnu· mrnliM·rt; of the Ni,::flt \V i n~ c.{ thr ~ .c.ial i.<~t Part~· to ha,·t cha~ JM"'f'fefftd ~ :\ . .1-'. u{ L :&J:2 in$t .Cuun.11d<' (';c-rber for "mvlu\inr non •mk.tu JtOtCh-ciUnlwra tu ' ~~ dtt- J:Cft \\'int: mi1intt"!t. ·It i:- nmN~nl that th C" St-.tr Comm ittC"C' h:•• rt'tlnc:«"•l it !!- appropriation to 1hr C.U J•r inl iiiJ:. plo.nt hy half in ordrT that it may h.1 n · funcU. '-«J .Cart an e-nquiry into ., i In rc.i'ly to i:outant -tt.d4;r wr lll:ould J.lldr that the- I ~Jt methotil of lc:etPirrv. the C'1•1•~ friendh· on c-lmioo i.la\· " ·ouTd ~ tftf' ;Mahlishme~t of I' p~·n;· · ow•cd ind cu"'rvl~d cipr fat"")·. • Xu ..Oid ~. yuu l)a"" 110t cnt>lloe lliiUoiltiua ,uitc rithL A . ~ ...... ~t ~ a U. too lutid.cuoao to to l ..;nn~L.'=ii, . ncr Sha\l : " Xo.in,Sred. 1t c,. 10 ..oaoup Ln- J-1 - ~Uicri<-• for Amcriratul. It iA ~~ the .kij,hl \\"~ .aad aot . h-h· t~: · uvn·f".litkal iu char.acter ancl.-..4il ' for IDe Ldt Wilfc. the lwt.._,;a .~~~~.a~~~..w-•a." \\' c: j '!.J«e \bat 'be- mrAIIfL ., k.ti:J' AIMriu ' In ·'· i~"- of I he- fact that \W aff ia a coac~;.. '~"" .\\" a!t ~ Stn-ot!' .J',..•hrilbly baMd ..on ·the tiun ,;f ""pm•IH aDimation .._;u. rt'pNI tc.. ·lhtur.~ . ,. ~t ca t~iCI :U• ('oltch :11 thit>f"._.t'l a mf'~nbn•hit~ in 1M -Soriil1ist 'Pin~ owinc ·to \\all Strft't ~n - to a&4t'h • wofL:c-r tn·inc I(• thr aC'tiun of ·lM SlAte Cotnmit._ in -lncwi"« l'lll"i\1 huL: hiJ. Jh·in.,:. . · our r~rm1Non. w.: woGt4 like -tb ~w if ·it ,.·iJI ·he to iopak o f - <frien• of the Jti~t ........ t.co....-.? DO)'I:r .$.U.UO ¥Q\i&AQUJ.PIUt. ,AI be.._ j...,..,., ,.;.., _ _i "IIINIGRA-tn'S EMIGRATING t:nun J.:.. X~v.--a.t~o, Couktor oft~ Pon ur · 't\t" ,~' Yof'k\ nutb that t1te naah of ;tren ~ f r••I ll tlw l ' ni&ed States to Earope ha!' .. rt ar i1 rfl a 1uU1I nf a ~ capitaJ· l•jp;,. i:- lrC'j:inniac to pta l ittle worried ' . j hu~t it . \l"itb.U.m. . . . otoppo4 to k«J' , 1- *Y· ' J"' ... all • fofticDa'l hen: '!"i w..: h,:tm'. th'e day will COllie wheu aoerr · l'h · ~·ment ,. ~.. !'1~ 6al will t- ... ; r rrmt of tht c-ap1t:ilin 17*- ill America ?" <t U1 r.oh·h,·\·i~m. ,.,_t !'irL: of hrnta1 op........ CDweril'lf fron t lh«' ,.hamr'k"'• ........ ..,......,. of tl ii:~ ..,..;...,t ~ -HlD!TIOUS A ill~-llR ld«"nn~ n \\'iUiouu .-1'. l'ulliu.- baa i11t~ duced .an.ordjnanu 1M·for" tht ·Board.of .*t.ld~th n&Min& it a milltl«"ruranour · fUr -:hret -or morr · Pft'I'Onll tu aNC:;,'-11' •nd " a4Yiw or ad\'QCatf'. " 'hethC'f' by •·Ofd~ or i llemiDCd~:o-•u.t>..-... Tloe"..,.!Nw .oi/IW • apinot th• enfofteme•u• ro•" ia ewli::; . _ 1 uf the lawo of tloo ·l ' nited ,<;t.atea or ol-thio IJe,-,'"?ii . ~---4op<-n Staw. J""'f'Kribitt« puniJhnttl't for crim" ten thou,..nd1oftic• ..... - i t .... .._.· aDd mitde.mnnovra or ·~• tbe pablk c nod tn'.do. A -14 wtl· of the·-* ul t~e l.:aitod &aa ....... ...,m~ dcpo~ wido . . , . ; . -. of .~i• Stat~." It ia aaattd by·the .preu that thito .ordinan« ~ uti!'fanory tu llayor !\nd ..-h"'.D AMJ ·~llat tlscn ? Wili Amnica ....... pn>chlc· Hd•n hut .,.,. refUH- to btlit\'e that Hia tiun . manul~rtln'e hotp ~of prodtiCtl )J;.....r io •.-.II,· Mtiolitd: er•unt"Y· ttri mak'lted ~-· workl. " isiJIU!IiofW!'tleJins Deft'tarD:iac tO tiltir o wn .laod.• in fliD ~cl S.:W a....lob<>n, orUr a-- h...,......_.. ·-..---.w· woiclco•• J.Jnyd (;e,~ 0\-hen -"kiVfl (O"!P"iJ:11 tiJtr«l'lu a!te'd tu a a&., in a · trnn~ndoiUl l..rO~tiuto . f.... ·t~,aoo I~ from l:em...ny ; hat it anden\oiOCI tlat .Ea«land i o - willi~~..., diomvat .off fonuh . Small.....,..b·and qaidr fttVtM I f'nmicr • l~ .p..p.n;a that ;.,_ _ ,,_.. ~Nob" .m_i:.._ ;, ... llllai<au.-dlq_..._.doc.-.~ "and#Mt..,.a-. .ia\lle -~~ --··all ' ""e • riel¥·"' \ h e - .itllo<.» :....tion." c.,....~t1 7 ........... """ u.r~. -.·Jaieb ;. .of tile - .......,..,._ba4..,Jk~ ·.I .· o1· �.,. TRE NBW YCII'IIl C9MMUNift Problems of the Repr·esentati.v~ of Soviet Russia in America .. i l'Uci:.l furct'~,·· ahn which, :.& l.'umrnd t.·nt moment a barometer ot the: "f•,·or.btr.'' ', vr <fmly h0Gti1~. &.ttitude oflC:aJriuH~t am· · :.go the proletariAt ui - ~lariC"n" hu it , " th't fl~;:. i. ~., politir~ rt•t'•IJ:Tlition , " 'ill f'oUow. C!rnme~t• towards Sooriet Ra:'sia. ,\nwriC"a j_u)·uu !lly J,!rt'rtt·d tht· nr~'·.~ _o f \\' t· •l10uhlliL;e to J.!O :L fittlt: fun he r in thi · thr ai'P''IIlt1nent ht·n- nf an otill'lal · 'J!he - t~btillaMnt of cotrtmeR'ial iett'r r·.' Jm···mta1h·c- uf thr Sociali~ t H.cpuLlic ,,[ ah-.ulutd y -.·unrt·t . trury ~lan:ian rraSt->riin .course bd11iftD Ruuia and c:Nlifalitt copn· Ru :o~ i a . l .('lt"hrations un this accoun t are \\' t' ~h r. uld like to t'mpha!'ilt that .. <'On · \:"i~·· with an its intrina:ic adnnta~:" fur .. : ill ·~, • inJ:: on. EnQ·wht·rC' tnct'tings nn• utc.·rC"c:: " it ~C-t-li- thr · t'~tohli ~ hment of cl)m the economic tile of Mania, -M on her lid\' lu in~: hdd 10 J:Ttf't thi s n~wl y appoint, dam- •:wr<"i:tl rd atiun:o> ht•Hn·tn Ru s,.ia an•l th 1C' a certai!l d~ similar to.lhe •irniftl'·oi h=-:o~·:ul • •r . !'oC'f:alit.t and lahur organ i u tion~ l ' n ut•d ;'t;th'Jo-- \\ill cnm t· ,,;,, " a~ :1 rt'~nlt t 1 the BreA Litova: ~. m~rn· 11 meatU t , · fru m :dl parts df thr '·C"OUn1ry are s rndin~ ,h·fi nitt· SuC'j al furct'~lhe ,-~ry .cquil i-hriu ; •gein· time." ~ • ·j' tdr;:r:nn:e of gnc tings and lett~n . pru m- UJI" " '' h ich dt'(Jtnd s tht f.WC Ct'•t--" and the sal \ ;tti, in ,,f thr Ku.,. tinn H:t·,·oluiicm ill ·gcn r r .-\11 the forgotng, in our 'opthiun. te:Ttc!s ' tt• icin~: :ti d :'lttd ""'Jir<'s <i•~~~r; willin~n<' !'~ to l hC'Ip ' \\' ha: . i:otdnd . \dll gu;.rnntt·~ thr ! U ('I.' • in clit"a1e a ''line Of bFhaviour" for 1~ TCYO)U • in t' \' C' n ' W:t\' th~ 1;Ut.'C t•:o::o: •)f 1he- nu ~c ( li· tinn:1ry Soc.tist orga.niz?ona of t1i~ .A.meri· iirinll ~ .rc' J. Tl'~t· nt ct1 he-re hy him ; and t'f.lllall y uf th " Hu .. ~ia n l'roh·t:a ; i01n Rt'\'Ulutiou : 'fh t',::n p:-olctariat. u weft u for t 111mndc ~lar•k:or t •l 1hr ~· un !'l' iuu !' prul<"tari a n ~ of tlt C t·n - :'-o•\'ic.·t B•JI !<ihC"\'i"t it':tdt'rs in Ru :o:sia, ir.dud iu t:" Co mrade J.rnin, ha\·~ answtored tl~ ' """ as tlte ~ntati•e nf tht- RtHll'ian' tirt wurl\1 - the U ll!" t' <.~f tbr Pro lrtaria.n · Soviet Gov.ermneot.. .~ Ht· \·ulut i· m in Hn~5-in . tht' cn·ati\'c~im:~otruC'- 'l 'h·Hiu n on Mr\'t<r:tl OC'C':..:sion!'. th't< "urk ui the toilin~ ~n :u:Jtr-~ !ltrt. 11 tty • umr:nh.• l.c•nin h:'l! j;lat c.-d that tht ' fina • ,The ~eenfft' of his'attenhun. tl~· n ·et · ht·q un tl~t·i-r tu strcngtht"'l an cl dte!•t. nl tht' trHIIl1J •h or th e.• ruin t>f thr Prvk:tariat Ht'\' t'i•nsunt di~ti:~k ·-hiA ftt<tivit',\ :utmdat it•n ui the new ~ncia1it•t -cu.,Hnuni"t tn~i•ln in nu~ :Oil d(.'pt<nds nn whether th h<"rt!. shoetd be the in:erco"'iK of the f'f' •'tlfu, " Y~ l<"m . revolution.ry movements of the proletaria tionarv Socialist m!l\'tmC.nt among th t' ' Hut tht· rnulut iunar~· ~~c:ialiH Ul't,!tllt iL:l · • 'nd Proleatrian Revolution& in other _c.~,~ .\tncrican praldariat. ~ the. •ibfn,:,c:" ,) f th' • . . • . tries will come to its 111i1tance. Antltn t 11 1 ad,·:mc-ed guar.-1, the J.ope aNI J! U:amntrr n 1'· i •'•r: 1 ~ 1• ul; t. fi;t,J:o: the key for the undn-stAnd ti " "" .,f the .-\m('nC'a n proletan:u thf" ' IU('CeH nf that m•n-emcnt ~ Left h:l\,: m~d t an _ intxcu~ahly {atal tr.wr lhtld ing of tl:te preHh.t political lituationf Wine of the ,.~., 8ociallot ~. • tht·.\ - Wt th an •dra th ;tt nt•w thC'rr ' " ~.Ult·· H th~· n ·,·uilllicman· 111.(.1\' t'mt•nt of t!1 n~tl.' hC"rc who. ~·ithout tlll'i_r. ai~ , ~ould \:ti.:t• .l'l'o h•tari:tt in 11\ht•r ct•~nlrit'~ triuth1Jh5. tht' \\"c are fully aware thall in hill manifol ol ~·a~l.' ul H<·,·n:utiUnary Ru ~~ta-TmutC'd t l :·~~ ~· t t ' u· ' r otH.IIt'i'i( vf tht• R.m:l'lian lfl'\-'Ql\1\i n , th :tcth·ities he may not atwa)·s. or r.-en frt . • ~··: ': 1· .:. .·mly to tht·~t· grC' ~ II~t:~ il_ nd P"' '.ml:lt ~. Jfu !'JCi:tn ~v,•i 1 • 1 t<c-p~ h1i~ will \K! r-nn d ~!ltrntly, be in • position to -:iC't .undrr th, t ~t : h ll~,l u tran!lli1tc all tlu5 tnto re,·oluttouary aud a,.: :t r<'!i.Uh , tht·re ~m .;Oine al so · 'rom bonn.,. of the l.:dt Win1: but lot- <huuld tok ·· g rt'lt cat:e that his attitude don. noi fli"'\tirt,, ~t rth·i.ty : , nwrC"i:.t!" and " tratk'' and nil kJnF ui 11 1hc '· ha it"•filr tbe Ri,:tlt and "Modt-raf~·· aoc.:inl· Tllr j.!rl":\1 !lienifiranrr oi tht. :'lpfl\ •intm,·n1 rdatinn!l. "li. un thC' conu.ar~~. tht' n ·,·,.Ju hr rc· c.ti a ='n"irt reprutntati,·e l"un si:ct:l pn·- ;i. :n:~.n· wvrk in:: <'la!ts mun:mtnt in oth(' .rtuni!\t!l, thereby tincDnsd•u,.h· to u 1t1t1 1he hark" the only balwartr.:o,;~ hop. o i d..:d.' · in that thi!" appointment qpens hc, frr:'C" ,·,~mu;iC':i i:1il,. , it \\'ill !!trikC' a mnrt~l hhn nroletarian R.auia-tbole whom it jnvita ~ thf' :\~a· rinn proletariat ne.w rc rspcrrin:o :t t lht• A:r,·ukltiun in Rtt!!~ia. :\nd no '' C"UIII ita lntemationaJ ComrwaniAt· (oncr($•~ a t:d nr w .,pttOrtunitie!l ; OpJKJrtunitir~ l1 f f <"\' • ntt·n· i:1l athJ tr.ult• rdations .. ,·:~.n hdtt ((u~si 1ho 1.<0ft ScloM!ist Wiq. " !ttt iun:try ncth· it~· in dirC'C't t'(rntact and t "H· in that t'\'tnt : \\' hy. aftn ull. ftlu)uld th ·:pf'r:tt iun with the Rns!"ian proletari:u ftncl ,..1 nittji ic:f w 11 rlrl . C'l i!'it:ali!i.t .o\nwrka inf'ludcd l 'ith t " - wilheo, whidi i.,. ~~ the ....,.. ·,Rc So~ :'rt C"rm...·nuucul -~: :':*" .._;_ '::"i n: ~ ,, ~·cd '"comm\·rl'i3l rrlntinn,;!' with ~ndali!C ' e ~~ ·to Cnm~;ad<' Mar· u : fiE-i'IIH~ •: of thi~ •Jn)Ointntent h'"r~ in tl"' f:a~t )\.M*''-1;1. \\'hilr t.hf" rht:ri!\,h cd ht)pC: th · 1, 1\"f" eoMiecle oar al"'tide.. ' .., ' ti1il' it rr:-rr-:~nt,; ~C:t aJ•ptal: reminding ,·ntih· rnJih:tht't " ·orld_i~ ~mC"thing li(TUtC'r \\'~ belie111e that t•e ••compa"" .recvm· th.: .\mt-nnn " 'orkmgman that the n:tnu-h· _ tn c:nub the· rf'\'vlut inu:~r~· re .ntndea loy aa, 10dcl rnokn;onan· llolohevi~ .. ~mantipation or the workers can be AC• ,., .. ,.tn;~ nf thr Rui':J ian proiC"t:triat . tu fU • f!Cntriti\~Mta, wtll be:~ .Cumrade )lartew mpli1hed only by the wortren therntClWL" p r;.t ~f" ~.ri;tli!lm in Ru, !li:a, and tht 1n nvallO · to·oritnta~ l;ti.nMeff i1t diffin•l .. momeat", nO ~ut fnT. a Sin~tlc- mo:nc 11 dn wru d~luht , the who1~ or Rua.ia-with ~11 ht'f' C'umnu·r,·c- will pttnntee sweeeU Co hit& rominc ~rioat • ' hl' J!Tt':t t tmpomnrr of th,· J•Urtly d•JII••· 1 m rh• an 11 natural'rt'IOh reC't'? ond~e""'""' rrilltic/' 50 t_o S.'\y, a_ethity here or _tht. ~n\· i~t l ndt·r jJrruont day politiral ruftditiun:o. the We hqrtily wloh hhft ibat ~c-e•a. TtpN"•t·ntati\'P, ~hll In,. err we 111chncd .o f"'\'v1utiuMn· mo\'t'ment or the:• prolctaria c••:llht the- ma::ti (' ('10\\'t'r Of the ]{u~!ii:ln 7'''hJ in :t11 ct 1untriea is the ntain thing, i!l ihc cen• • T-he' Jewhh t<edelwtion. o( ""' ~ioii:<t · -~thr influ ence-: (If this gold on the nu ttl$ ' tC'T 11 f w.-a,titatiun j~ f'\"tn·thing-both fu rMty, which ;. of the: powftfal :'.~ul ~d iFpositi_on of ~mmc:an plutucr:u·~:. h:a ~ 1,r.. l,•lari:.n Nuf'r-i."an,!! f\lr ihe emancipation fi"'PS·of the Ricfot Wine, rnd who.e mion :drt·:.rly mnmfel't~d 1t'-C'1f m .~ !"o!lt nln 1P_u,or. nf tlu· 11 rvh·tariat of all the "'orld. Thr !'Ut' - in ' 'r~nirinc" Do•ntownjto";·~h nn.ntlc nrtnnrr . Rut, wtth all due allowancr~ . .:n·· ,·r <!' nr' f:tilurt' 11 f th.t: proletari11n mo,·tnttnt. 2: thru{eM to ·c~ :t norm11' J.rott' \\'in.: • in~ rluc ju~ti~ ~ aU thi~. 'l\'f'1 shoukl likt· t,o the stren&th of the 8ohheviat mcrvement, in ·Branch into ~D abaormai .Rigi1t ":i~,.: !tf'uncl :1. "'ilrmn~ to the Ame':'ran wnrkC'~.f- MlUntri•·s rnlrrl h~· capitalis,m, iA at th~ )trt•:t- !mlnch. is pu4>1iohinJ a -prfne :-al!ed 'IPI>c :.•tcl' tu Comrade Martttl~ htnuc.elf-:w:~•n at ";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;·; ;;;;i;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;.;;;'1 J~tlotlal Tbi1 m,acizine, C'\'idt'ntly nt~ unch~e ex:tl:'gflra.tion of the imrorUncc: ,,f !' .I with tile iol.. of c:araeuOaglut ;,. Rigllf h i ~ JIUrt: l~· diplortlatic~omntt-T'tial functi n :t . JtESOLUTION ADOJ>l ED BY CITY COM· · Wing te~tdenciu, repirhlkd in ito fiP.<t ""~ · ', 'lu"re. ' \\!r would ('C)n~idt.r it a f:at:\1 mil'b ~'"t· hor an' .mde 117 Coa!nde John R""" lr<JIII · loi!TTI!ll. LEPT Wl"fG SIICTION, . ·n Jmr,·ly dirk•m•teiC'-('Ommucia} •· cifnfih·: · ~.L~. . .0CIALIIT PARl¥. LOCAL · btcomr the tf'ntn of his acth·ity. • ('oml;llde Reed jrne amll:'iv .. no.pnmlr· NE,.., YORK. IIPRIL u, · Hm''""t'r, as rc~r3rd1 "diplomatic .. acth· - ~ l!ion t·,~·Jfttd"ftatiaaaJ of"Woy uther RiRtl; -it\', Comrade ~anrn~ himRif e\·identty t-n\\·ing Socialiat eeper- M "'print hill artic}<"!L Wllltf< H .\~. t '.,mr••l•• 1... t ". :\ , K, ~\fn u· n• t~r1 :t in~ no !'<"ntlmt'ntal itlu~on~. In an in: The J.eft Wm~r end<moes <!nly onr .le.,·i; li has fwcon appuintt'ft h)' the Ru-ulan Sort.liu 'it'r\'it'\\· gi,"t"n by him1and publi!rhe4 tht' otht'r p~pe:r In New Ym'k,...IJWr Xmnpt, ...,rran , .{ p,~ ~· n H -t ~'""' Mf'P'UMk at it• T'f"P"runt :~· ttn~-. h" \lrfinitdy nnd tlr1~quh· ocaH.~· 1\tat ~ ~ : tin· in the ·c. S. nf ,,nlllirira, and 1he Jelthll\ .Loft Thr Rufl;t~ian Sncialist, :F'C"deratcd RC"puHiu: " \\'HF.HF.."5. tiM- fnt'nt f'lf lf'I~Dmfnt rt· rlttC'~ hot care crbout -political, rrcOJb,ita l•li,hcd in Nuub bt \\"Mkmu. rfQaanu and tion hj· the lJnittd i Statr~ .... All that ~\'C'. Ott~· ~. ·April H . tlte ~- · .• !=\.•fdif"U ~till \k hi«hrU iitnh nf r.. r 1ral eo-itto!e of ""-1 Ki"'!• inolnltlt<l • ·ant is tr-'e ff:('ognitioa. Comracir Mr.'"· rr,·ohni,...tuy SMiatit .. ~ft elf the' tltt ~- 'OolaNi- te .... d ....,_ llf trn~ J•rrfec"tty undentandA tb'.tt , in mfid, thft'flOf'f fH- it •tile !Aft w-,. .,_.,..,.;; aiOd.J!nol:nwt to all WCJrid of upit:aliaric relation1, "'commerce" RF.~OL\'F.O . that •t fn'<t mtwt cnrdiallr _.,.,. Of . _ . ltlep; .... "' ..... in tl1t' •'Ords of Kuzma PrUtkov-"i~ the tbt'if' """'""'""talipt, co,_......"""""' an.d ••• Beooap ~ f<>r May If, ratl ft.in~, and all the rnt-nonlf:ftAf." .. ,.. hi;., ror uor • .Nih·M-tl •pport. ''C'omrp~fc~·· will tre&tr definite KK~· '"" qwttieft ot ~ ttw ,.,, lluir...O ...s .......... ~t'Qnomic retatioas. • ddinitt! "eqai1ibMJm A I ·I I ..• . 1ty Nicholoo I . Hourwlth. FE\\' d:ly~ ..,.... "c:.cam.-- "T" .. ' in or. t .n4 .,,,.. . 'he - wl.. ,· ·· ,.. nr ....-r . ' . ·ll w""' I' t ·\ , ' . �THE NEW YORX COIIIIIUNJST W e'rt:; ..Gonna be .EXpelled! Help ! ! I ( S .'.ll•any l:..ct Sunda)' ~he State Unn· ~~tuttrC' undN:lJIH."d thr .Pink 1'enor. On that tndmcntou:' dale, whi<"h deac.rv«"6 to · nnk in hiJttury " ·i1h S1. Uanhulomew'., E"t', the S tah· I •UIItuill •..; fulln"·~d the 'uamplc= of dtc=- 1 ; •• r11101n . ;\l :•jvrity ~iAI l>eotOCTAtJ ill unG, '"'~~"" ,th•·> e...'JtC IIrd l ~ielJknecht anJ tbc Spai-t:h·t,h•:. . tlwy 'attrn•vtc-d to clltvc:U thr ~tWins: ! • Ttu· .r r ... ,huiolfl w;, .. arricJ hy a \'Ott" or !4 tu l; . " ·iti1 th r c."'(' •ldq:atc:-o ab~tcnt and Trachten i•er..:. "' usua!, nut Yo:.ing until he. eees " ·hirh •a.\' thr "·at i~ l('oi u.: to jump. \\'h a t .J,, ) •HI think tJi t i lllt, Comrade. :You 'll h"' t' a chancro \u ~y what you 1hink libout it. -IW"raus.t• it will L.c •ubminrd ton.. .fercmJum . thank:O ttl Co1unuic J..indG"Tn. )(cauv.·hi:,.. brwarr of the Pink TftTor. Ncnr.a: .. •)Ut at ni(:ht ~·it1wut a copy o.f thr Communi ..a ~faniic.ru in Your pocket. Jf you talk in ,\: mr :o)N·;•. itt ~ u~ tu look undt-r tlW:. bed bf-j,, .. ,. yvu 'rr1ire-mf" ,,(, l'; t: rbcr'~ &pira lfta\' J~. ''•Nh"C".li,·•J lhM'e with ,a pad and ~dl ' tu . t:.a :CC d·•wn Jour :'Omaambulistic muUf"rinL"'· I,., "''' tru"'t the boob iri the \\' iurc ~laniiellito, ;utt.l lud.:t"d :he duur hill I ~ISJO. u,:ouldn'T cah:h u.&. Rand S<huo.~r l.ihr:uy - ~ · 1thra."'es ha\'t: torn frem tl1<· i~ ComtrU! It wa .. an h i:->t ·•rk vcca:->iun. St·\·r,ral u£ tht R..,.--t,b t•.,•k :td\':lllt'"A!.!" ••i t·hc OJiJJOrtunit)' '" •lt-.·~rt' tJ11'ir wtlidarit .' ' " 'i h th~ Ebt·r1 · 5cht•i dl"m:r.nn ~n:.: in f :...nn~a~· - ahhoua:h !at~r . 111 · •niM I• • uif ~t· t tht' rifcct of' the IJittufy .· .. u l tlrn~u i n :: tl1r " murdn "'vf L it"l tJcne,:ht :~o :· ,f l . u:<o ,·ln lwmr~-: h.\' Lla• rc:actionary too nt!:"•rh·d hy r c:l\' li t'l\llf~ Sou· l ' .. mr:r.t.l :• \ \ ,, ;,; U\Ol tl. ,. . d1 ~e f:·m:m ,.f t hl· • Rewhui~..n •' , ·,unnuttt'T: i ntroduced thr · l.iebrin r t·ht · I . u,.,.,, ,),.,ur~ ~·::ul ut ;or:. l!ut • -Puke <aJto.in:~t '' :t-. ltt·•n;: ,, ,., .. ,. ~e,., r·' - nut ..c!or.,ing an~· . , ~z·· l"":itkal v:.rty in ' ;,.r : many . f i r ln n:.. t li, It;· .. a i•l. " ·a s ht'art•ly in fa\' nr ., j t i:t' ~ polrtoh·i th· ... ;,n.d, wuuld rn · d~t· a m•;ll••ll I·• th ~ t ,.fin·t. It dt\' tlOJ"··c l, )u)Wt'\'t'l' , that l ~o.•mr:uk · \\' :a lchn:.u had marie ihe ~tm•· ,,it; ,,.., ;.,,l:- 111 th t· l't''-'•lutio n in ,:o tn · millrt• : ··~ ... j n;, .,J ,· Hk~tt•l• . 1h .. an.thur. ·hall · requ t;!tte rl \ \ a ~ clm;\11 to 4naw uv a reeolutiun definitTiy ,: , 'll !''~rtin.:- tlu· f.paf\acides whicJ, · \\' ald t i:l n r f'i u" t'\1 '"On . Co mrad~ ~ : a r• t· :-.tacUunald .ai•l !'lh~ Jle dtrlarrcJ him ~rH a member of the I.dt \\'ina:. •• ( did n't \.lr-iorr rnlin the- IM"C"eat>ih· for ;. l.dt \\'in,:: organization,• he wmt. on. " But uuw Lrnli:u the nri:e..-ity. and J ba,·e Juinr(\ i1. E\'t•ry l;rrm"n local and br...,.:h in thC' l ' nilrtf ~tatt"l' i ~ with the Lrft \.',' itlj(, and " ·ill Iran tht Party if tl1e I~ \\ 'irJ." jc; ~)" · flrd ... .. - Thr rt·so:mion w¥~ the-a vot.:d oa ; follmwiti'J.~ "'hH:-h l 'omra<k Undgreo JM'OPO.ed t.o ..~hmit it tu a rdCTt:ndam. a motioft which tlu;,,'t:J'~I:'. did . not darr to ,-o]\. doww . \\' hen nrw s of thr pa"s.~ of tbe rreohJ;. li<•n rr.adwd the mretial:' of th~ Left \\rq t 'i1r Comm ittc:e Sunday evening•• thn· vnanimoutol~· pa~"ed 01 \'Ott of &.hanks, a!'l ft,~. low-!li : • " The ~ity Con>miu.ee of the Left Wine die Rlcbt W'mc .l or up~--- ita crotitucle to aa~i ating our eff"'ru by ao early in the- canx."' lhowlnc tbftr baM THE STATE COMMITTEE'S RESOLUTION .AGAINST TilE LEFT W,J NG Pinl.: T1·rN~ t ho• lll''t'l i n~ l"''~ c1l a J"etwJIUt it~n forcr ~ . . . 11o0 Thr;,rhal4: 1a"trd irum m~.~ming until ftrur· thirty in tbe al1cmt .. .n. \,',,mr:uJr \\'~f•liJia.ll , "''h v "'' 3!' ao h ut fur thf" .!"t.anMc-i drs - e.;p~o.·~i:l !t y thr d.-:ld on;~ - math· -. sprt:dl thl\t ""'undrd hkr Sf,fi?itPr l....lm<ir td li n~ 1t;u~ !".enat t- ahHUI Dolihe\;!l~ . The- Lrh \\ ' in~ . bt sairl. had a "e('Tet "rganir..;~.t i on in thr f'art.''· The J.ch \'' ing wu !'(t"ducin.:- ~·ounJ.! nu;mlK"r" \lf tbr Part~· who didn 't knu"'· an,·th inl! at.ou\ ·s ·xiali"m. Thf' l .dt \V inJ! "..-a~ ·· cal• italir.inl(' rc \'olntiunary rmhu ~ iuru . '' ·"nd iinally, - cht· l.efl \\'in.: -.·u a Uunch ·of. cow.ard!!t." Comr:uJe .ThL·rr.-.a . ~l.allcirl ~aid, amt"'nJ.:' other thint(s. •· Jtt'l't: com~ the Lrh \\'i ng C'lrj."2U ~ :\tiuh an' l takr~> 'hr -.-ind ou t. of ~· ur -t<~i l~ . \\' h~ft' were these Comrad~!i dnrinc the- warT Yt'ere they out on the Jtrt'rt t"'f"D<'I'8 ad\"'CJUtiPR" Sociali!!.m ?'" ~ Hut tlw 1110M dram:1t ic rHnl of 1hr chy "'·;ac; the: .rt-adin,:: . hy C. 1mr:adr ( ;erbt-r. of tht' ,minuu-.; -.-· iuH :Ul.d ,... ~1plcte - t7f tht' la!'t Whcnu. the conttitution ·of theSoc~liF-l Pany of d·..c Sute of Ne-w York pTo\.-ides (arUcle 1, iection 3) that memben and locala ol the Socialitn Pany m~· adhere 11nd conform· co the natjonal ~ alate platfonnl' ·and conatitlrtion.a ; and Wh<Tuf.; the ' apirit and macltinery on ·tJu~ Socialist Pany provide adequne· · channels for the fullest uia freest__dis,. ,,.~ nn ,.( irt.... thn:~ugh b.r&Dch .,Dd and P~ny m~in£& , the Party pr-.. conventioru.. referft.duni., repce nl~ativc bodin and other medium:& to; full. uchanco cit opinioru and' IC'Dtiments ; and Wht1'eas. in violation of .the api.rit of the constitution, an organization call;.ng itw:lf the Left Wing ~ecrion of the Socia li ~t Party . ha" .been formed, cndC'avori n ~ to force the Pahy to bllt~ cenain po&itionl wi~hout making ~of the ezi ~ti ng chl!!nnels, thereby divcning its energies and funds and P.nlyz ing its activiti(&, t.hcrefol"t be""it . Re~lved, that the New York Sutr Committee of the \ Socialiat Party is de-finitely oppose~') ·to the organintioJi calling_ itself d :e IA:ft Wing ~oeetion of th.e' Sc-cil l i~t J;'2rty, ~ :1d to an'crc o:p wt!bin the' Puny o rganized of tile same or similur pul"p')sc ': and be it h"rrth~r Re11o!'·<'d, that the State Commin~e ' instTuc:s i" executive conur.ittee to Trvoke Jhe ch;,rter of any loci!!:l th:n · affi!iate5 with l!.nJ' &uc.h urganlzation « that pertnitJI ita subdivi'.Jon.s or mem~crs to be alrilbted. the ,......... '/'" .... ,. \\ l•a .U.u1~ '•" , ....._.... I ~ I C'f thr. J Ju~J:1ri :t , 110 qu :C'ki.~: ·:.ntf t~pJ tttd.. th:H J :1 ilr.Y ,!L.f'.l 1•:cd it. n ·n· ( '.'t•r tktre ' is: nttw oo G;ert . f~ . Ootill - th;· ... ThC' •ndr4rn Ti~ ,. I to ro ~·.- rr "'''rker.s ,.u .accompl i!!.hd :J ho nrger.it: pn:" rt•ports • So·,·i.tt natiuNI.!ir:c: ~'tol'\ten . {' •, thir the A dmi.u.U.tt:\tton' -ba-a H un~·li.au dn"iC~tl fo � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New York Communist, 1919-04-19 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- Periodicals. Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-04-19 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .N35 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-NewYorkCommunist_v01n01_19190419 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-13 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v01n01 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 8 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States New York Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. New York Communist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/ce80276de2e85d9c79cc85ba875810a1.pdf d18bf719da718347b05e085595d61f84 PDF Text Text J . September, 1914 · Voi. 2, .~(). S · Te~ cent -The Western-Comrade · .WAR! �- ' 0 The Western Comrade 2 Scene in Specialties : Shirts, Eagleson's Paj&m&s, Union Factory. Underwear, · Collars, Neckwear. Light, Airy, Sanitary. Come and See the Finest Line of Fall Clothing Ever Displayed in. Los Angeles at Prices Satisfactory to All During September it behooves the careful, conscientious buyer to choose his fall suit with greater care than at most times of the year. If y<m want the most for your money you will come up to Eagleson's, between First and Second streets, where our Inexpensive location and small running ex pe-n~es enable us to make you an actual cash savings on your suits , hats and fu rnishings. Not only during September. but at the beginning, micldle and end of the autumn season. Because this is one of the oldest a nd largest exclusive men's stores in California we are showing larger selections in tbe right sort of guaranteed summer fabrics, colors and models than any other men's store on the coast. Every garment is exactly as It Is represented. Special values in high grade all wool suits at $13.00. $20.00. Your comparison Is cordially invited. Under no o~llgatlon to buy. $ 25.00. Shirts U n derwear Sold direct from factory to wearer. BeIng manufacttirers enables us to eliminate the retail and jobbers' profit and give you regular $1.50 qualities for ............ ........................$1.00 $2.00 qualities for ....................................$1.50 All makes, styles and coloPs. Over 200 different kinds to select from . Prices from 50c tb $3.00 per garment. Much better quality than can be had at these prices elsewhere. LARGE ASSORTMENT OF EXTRA TROUSERS, OVERALLS, CORDUROY PANTS, GLOVES, SUSPENDERS, NECKWEAR, H ANDKERC HI EFS, SUIT CASES, TRAV E LING BAGS AND TRUNKS. MAKERS OF MEN'S WEAR EAGLESON & CO. 112~ 116 So. Spring St., Los Angeles �- Tbe We tera Co ra E BOOTSanaSH Factory operated in connection with LLANO DEL Rio CoLON IDEAL FOOTWEAR! For Ranche'rs and Outdoor Men Men's 10-inch· boots . $6.00 Men's 12-inch boots . 7.00 Men's 15-inch boots . 8.00 Ladies' 10-inch boots 5.00 Ladies' 14-inch boots 5.50 Men's Elk shoes . . . . 4.00 Ladies' Elk shoes . . . 3.50 Infants' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 Child's Elk shoes, 5 to 8 ....... . .. ... 1.75 Child's Elk shoes, 8¥2 to 11. . . . . . . . . 2.25 Misses ' and Youths, 11¥2 to 2 ...... .. . 2.50 The famous Clifford Elkskin ho ar li ht t and easiest for solid comfort and will outwear thr e pair of ordinary shoes. We cover all lines from ladies,' mep.' and children's button· or lace in light handsome patterns to the high boots for mountain, hunting, ranching or desert wear. Almost' indestructible. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurement according. to instructions. Out of town shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P. <). order and state whether w shall forward by mail or express. Address all comnnmications to Shoe Department. ~ Place stocking foot on paper, drawing pencil around as per above 11luatratlon. Pass tape around at lines ~lth ­ out drawing t ight. Give alz usually worn. • Mescal Water and Land Cotnpany Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. �4 The Western Comrade Legalized , Murder: "I look 'b etter in uniform" St. Loui o Poot-Diopatel. �THE WESTERN COMRADE Devoted Political to the Cause of the Workers D irect Action Co-operation Action VOl!. I~. LOS ANGELES, CAL., SEPTEMBER 1, 1914 Those Who Make War: tTIIis piCttii'P .. riginally appear ~ tl NUMBER 5 No, Not Us! Take Them! in Lil-'1·:. l lt>c. H. l!lll.) • The 'Doom of Capitalism W JIATEVEH may be the outeomc of the awful catastrophe in Europe, this much safely may ht• p r·edicted: This is the end of monarehies. That i · plainly written in the hook of the future. Dynast ics will crumble and empires he obliterated. Tlwre is no power now to stop the conflagration. It is the hour for us to act! The tr<'mendous forces that·havr hcen set to work for· de tr·urtion will not he curbed until the period of exhau tion is approached or reached. Nations of the earth face obliteration. So-called civilizatron tand on the brink of the abyss. Humanity seems poi ed to take the long plunge back into the darkness of avagery! Will this be the result of the horror into whieh tlw mad mollaJ·chs of Eur·opc have plunged the nations? That would he the rxt rcmc pessimistic view. 'l'he other view would be that out of all this Saturnalia of murder· and lust for blood will come a rebirth of a grrat nation; of a Pnited Europ~ where there will hP no monarchies and no capitalil,'lm; no pietistic t'Zars nor mad kaisers; no bloodsucking nobility nor parasitical exploiters. This is the viP.w we must take, or lose all hope for the future. That humanity should settle back into the position of again permitting a few monarchs, maddened by the rising tide of the popular demand for demol.'racy, to plunge millions of peo- �6 The Western Comrade pie into the horrors of collective murder thinkable. unions and do .your work in the ranks. The wave of class consciousness that comes· there will be of value to every propagandist. • • • • \Vork for your candidates and especially devote One year more of peace would have witnessed your energies toward sending fifty Socialist memt hr ushering in of the next step in evolution which bers to the next congress._ would haY c dethroned monarchs, overturped capi.· The hour has struck for the end of Capitalism! talism and set free the enthralled toiling ~illions. 'fhe monster is writhing in throes of mortal This iR not the hour to r·cgale ourselves with re- wounds! Its death is near at hand! This is tht~ twilight of the reign of the Kingdom grds O\'<•r· what rnight have hern . Socialists the' of Gold! world O\'l~r· havt· used their utmost efforts to preMake it the dawn of the great era of Freedom! vent war. Por years we have pleaded with the Down with the black flag of murderous Capiworking class to arouse to the danger of the imtalism! • pending crash. Our call has not been in vain. TTp with thP seadet banner of Universal BrothNot one word of our agitation has been spent in erhood. F. E. W. . space; not a printed page in vain. After the darknrss of this chaoR of terror, blood and sorrow we ran see the dawn of a new day. This must be our Jean Jaures, Martyr hope. 0:\'IHADES and yokefellows of this man, while At this hour the Socialists of America have a sorrowing over his loss, may be consoled by the most solemn duty. There is danger of this country thought that the inspiration of his splendid example becoming involved thr·ough the greed of capitalists will play a wonderful part in the ultimate abolition who are seeking to exploit the warring powers of of war, the thing he so abhorred. Europe hy cornering the food product. ContraJean Leon Jaures lived for peace and died for hand carrying will he a sou rce of continuous menace. the great principles he advocated. Tlwrr is great danger in the amcndmffit to the No one can measure the good he might have shipping n~gistry laws. It will require great caution clone had the hand of the assassin-militarism's to avoid a clash if thr war is carried into the orient. friend, if not agent-been stayed. • • • • No one can meAsure the far-r eaching effect of his martyrdom on the Socialists of the world. The quickest way to ·get IH:tion now will be The words of this great orator will go ringing through the tens of thousands of meeHngs to be held through the nations. dUJ·ing ''Socialist week,'' beginning September 1. The written pages from his brilliant pen will Every one of the 6000 locals and their branches in grow in meaning and power. AmPrira should have a well outlined program for For the third time within the year the Socialist action. cause has lost a great com rade, b~t none of them Go out as a great reeruiting army and hring in has livrd in vain. 50,000 additional members. The works of Jaures, B ebel and De Leon have Go out and get fmhscriptions for Socialist pubnot died with them . Their lives and their deeds lications. Put a million SocialiRts to work on an antiwill liw as inspiration to others long after we shall military crusade. have achirved thP emancipation of the workers. Arrange for 10,000 anti-war pr~test meetings and F. E. W . parades on Sunday, September 6. IS un- C .Join with thr l;abor day parades of your labor • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • - �The Western Comrade 7 Trend of the Hour A LL OVER the world there is a startling trend toward State Capitalism. This is brought about in some countries by war and in others by capitalists who shrink from the risks incidental to the rising tide of th e radi<'al movement. In England, with the war as a pr·etext, or as an actual military necessity, the government has t ken possession of the entire system of tr·ansportation, including the bus lines. Railways and tramways are operated primarily for th e movement of troops and supplies, yet the public is heing serveJ as a sort of subsidiary action; but the service is good and there is littie complaint. Lloyd George has definitely announced that he will take over the entire food supply and .his cabinet has begun to provid2 for the unemployed by building ''military roads.'' This action doubtless has been taken to prevrnt rioting in the cities. Once this r esponsibility is taken the government will have gr·cat difficulty at any time it attempts to disemploy thrse thousands who will insist on being a'lowcd to continue work. • • • • • Similar action has been taken on the continent but the censors allow very little news to trickle through. These measures are taken in times of war, but the most interesting phase is the reflex action in the United States. In the United States there is a decided movement in tl'iis direction. The difference between the action here and abroad is that in Europe the action is taken for the benefit of the nation as a whole as a measure of self-preservation, not as a class measure, and is of much benefit to the proletariat, while in the United States the grand bourgeoise gathers and nses its power to induce the state to take over every 1<'ntrrprise which has risks which they themselves a rr not willing to undertake-using the national government for their chestnut pulling and taking advantage of the panicy state to ca~se the government to repeal measure after measure, such as currency laws and restrictions on registration under the American flag. Our gold reserve is to be given over to the foreign ba1;1lters !)f ew York iii order that it may be l<;mned by th-ein at usurous rates to hard pressed European powers w:hile the United States is to be flooded with paper currency which, by every law of the money· f~nction, is bound rapidly to depx:eciate. •• • • • The govet·nment has established the principle that thp national funds are to be used for advancing a.ctual currency to the' capitalists burdened with an unsalable pr.o duct. Cotton brokers will take their warehouse certificates to the government and, in accordance with the bill before Congress, they will receive 75 per cent of the face value of the certificates in federal treasury notes. There is vno limit to where this precedent may lead. The national govPrnment will help out the bourgeoise while labor sees the price of foodstuff and other commodities soaring upward. ~ ... Another benevolent bill that is calculated to protee;t the timid capita,list is the proposition of the United States gnvernment to build thirty large transports to carry commodities to Europe or on other routes that are dangerous. The bourgeoise shrin~ from the risk of ownership but will ship goods if the government will take all risks and provide the insurRnr.e on the eargo.• The government will carry capitalists' goods in government ships backed by government insurance-we may be sure the freight and insurance rates will be "all right." While this is going on the sugar trust has 'doubled the price on sugar; the meat trust has made a hold gr·ah for the last dollar of the consumer and all other exploiters are shoving prices up to famine figures. :F'ood trusts are taking steps toward cornering . all the necessities of life and they will not only hold up th e American people but they will hold· the peopl e of Europe at their mercy. The counter move comes from the people of all classes against the merciless greed of capitalism and AI �The Western Comrade 8 a drmand on the government that the food supply hu tak en ove r· and that distributing stations be <·stahlishl'd. This movPment has tak en definite fo rm on th e J'ac·ific· Coast and meetings are being held and str•ps takc'll toward bombarding President- Wilson with dc·marHls for imrnediatr. action. At a l'ashionald e woman 's clu-b Los Angeles a rf'solutiou that "·as l'Xtn·mely r evolutionary in wording " ·as adopted and ci1gel'ly signed by hundn·ds of " ·onlc'll ol' th<> hourho11 typ e. (fhis r esolution Sf'athirq.!iy d<·noullc·c·d t h e~ " ·inhuman ghou ls" Kho ar·e taking advantage of tlw foreign war and rohl,irq.! t hl' pc·oplc•. Thl' women caHed on the f'residc· Jlt and ( 'ongress to c·sta ldish food supp ly stat io11s. The c·nt husiasm HlllOilg t h<' women \\·as g-n·at, t llf• c·xc·c·pt io11 hc·i11 g the ,,.i,·es of some of the "g-houls·· \\·leo h;q>]l< 'll to he· ill thc· wh olesa le gr·cwl' I'Y should be quick to-recognize the danger. Now is the ,, time to agitate as never heforf. There: is but one answer. There must be no way station, ·no twiJight zone hctwen Capitalism and Socialisv1. The one solution is THE COLJ;EC'l'IVE OWNERSHIP . AND DE~10CHA'l'IC MANAGEMEN'r OF AJJL THFf SOPRCES 01•' T;IJ;'B.-F. E. IX.' . 111 llllSi II!'SS. \\'hilc· food st ut'fs tak<' a skyroc·kct soar, siln•r tal\l'S a 11·ild talJoggan g lid e toward the low est figure Ill years. The white metal f ell [rom u2 t o 52 iu a few days It reatlws a point u ear·c r· its -iutt·insie value iu the arts and crafts. The United States mint at San Fr·arH:isco is r·eeeiving millions in silver whil e the gold reserve steauily diminishes. Even as th e pt·esscs are busy turning' out paper money the gold s upply is melting away. As rapid ly as the collateral (gold ) behind this printed cu n eney disappeat·s the value and stability of the greenbacks is bound to depreciate. · This is incvitahlr.. Th e hankers live on from day to day in the hope 1 that the p eopl e will continue to slumber. They see littl e gro nnds to fear th e DOLLAR STRIKE. They are serene in the belief labor will not awaken to its powe-r. To them thr. DOLlJ.AR S'l'RIKE is as r emot e as- war in Europe sf'erned a f ew weeks ago. The trend toward state capitalism is the most serious menace Socialists haw had to face: (!'hey MAKE WAR ON WAR! HAT th er e is dang-er of thc~ United States hecomin g embroiled in the wat· that is now· dr~ vastating Eur·op~ is not douhtf'd by those who have studi ed th e situation. The action of Congress in passinj:! th e hill to rxtend .American r egistry to foreign -lmilt ships is frau~ht. wiUi great danger·. Capitalism in ,\mcri<·a homharded Congress with dPnumd for this act ion . Th e clam or for forrign mark ets has gr'O\\·n to h e a crascless din. Exploiters of lnhor must sl'il surplus products and. poekr,t surpins pr·ofits whil e wa_g<'s nr·c k<'pt so low that Amcril'lHl lahor cannot buy enough of tlw prouucts of its toil to dPel'ntly ('lotht> and feed itself. · :'lleanwhil c Capitalism abroad vi ews with considerable consternation t his move to gohhl c the mnr·l,f'ts of South Am erica and other countries. England is muttcr·ing that it is a German subt erfuj:!e and points to the histo ric fac ts wh ere the Tcntons played the sa•ne trick during the FrancoPI'Ussian war in 1870. German ships were then registered under thr Br·itish flag and th e Fr·cneh cruiser s sought in vain for a Gcrn1an merchantman. At the rnd of th e war the British flag was lowered and the German flag reappea1·ed on the seas . . England says the Germans arc eager to involve Am eri ca in war. German diplomats made a shrewd attempt to grt the Unitrd States to meddle with the Japanese-Chinese situation. B etween th e greed of Capitalism of Europe a nd Capitalism of Am erica · there is danger of a world war. Now is tlw tim e for peaee propaganda and Soeialists should overlook no opportunity to make war on war a nd war on bloody-handed Capitalism that bReeds war.-F. E. W. T o•OfAI&O:aJIIOE!O 1 �The Western Comrade 9 War to Prevent Socialism By FRANK E. WOLFE UMBER of persons who were present strength almost from the inception of the terrorist · movement. .,at a meeting of the Intercollegiate So. . The throne of -almost every ruler in Europe was cialist Society when there was a general: in jeopardy. Election after election in Germany discussion of the causes and probable out~ an~ France and England showed that the So·cialists were gaining-and the irony of the come of the European war, h~ve accuse!! .~ituatio~ was that ·they steadily grew by inveighme of writing the edito.rial on thi~ sub: mg agamst, as useless· and extravagant, the prep~ ject printed in the Los Angeles Times rations for the international conftict which, in the of August 4, or inferred that I must nave opinion of Europe's statesmen, was inevitable, and is now at hand. · supplied the ntat t' t'iai'. I did not 'writ!' thP cd itor·ial. 1 did not knowingly · The first part of the latter paragraph is almost a supply th e mat pr·iaL literal quotation from my talk the previous eveping, I do not ];;now whether· tlwrc was a Times reprewith the exception that I .mentioned · the rising tide of sentativ e prC'sent at the meeting on August 2. . Th e• ed itorial was hPacled "SOCIALISM AND THE WAR JN EGROP.E. " · It is the usual style of jou~nalese mixed with the English language. a r ouglomerate of facts and fa·lse.hoods, hatr·cd and mali cr. It has th e appearance of havinrr hrrn \rrit ten h,v onr who was familiar with the facts and who 1r·ird 1o he fair h1r t whose efforts were nullified hy some "editor " who has interjected venomous "·onls, lim·s and paragr·aphs in order to nurk e it r omr do\\'11 to the· st~r l (' of th e senil e tyrant himself. Aftc•r attributing Yar·ious minor and incidental ransrs forth~ \rar·. t he· ctlitori!ll r eads: .. The war was expected. For decades, for generations, the statesmen of the European countries have felt that it was inevitable and have levied as heavy taxes as the people could endure to prepare for this struggle. And it was the oppressive military tribute, po::;sibly more than any other one thing, that developed in aermany, France, Englan~ Austria. and Russia the menace of destructive Socialism. Opposition to the military program was the ra.llying point of the Socialists in each of those countries. The taxes were denounced, the mandatory military service deplored and the standing armies and established navies execrated. * * * It is a question that may possibly never be accurately settled as to just how large a. determin~ tive part the fear of Socialism had in causing the rulers of Europe to cast the dice for Mars. But France and Germany and England were actu~lly in internal distress. The dissolution of the British Empire, through the growth of Socialism, was predicted by calm, discerning men. Imperial Germany was constantly straining against the me~acing forces of those who sought to seize the government and alter' it to the purposes of Socialism, with the motto, '' Property Is Robbery.'' France was equally distressed, and.the revolutionary movement in Russia has steadily, insidiously been gaining in (New York War's Holy Trinity Socialism in ltaly and said that country. would be involved. After wand ering aimlessly through a mo~ass o'f false statcm:nts a~d stu~id ded_uctio,i;\tbe writer finally returns to h1s subJect w1th the hop./fJl statement that: War will crush out the Socialistic agitation for a decade. The rulers and statesmen of Europe know that, and have known it for a. long time. California Socialists are familiar' with the crushing out process. We have been '' cr-r-11Jshed out'' by the · Times and other reactionary organs time and aga,in, �10' The Western Comrade with the result that the agitation is stronger and more extensive than ever before. To give credit where it is due, I unhesitatingly assert that, to a great degree, the growth of Socialism in California should be attributed to tlie efforts of H. G. Otis and his newspaper. The editorial continues: '' * * And since opposition to the war taxes and to the military service was the prime factor that rallied the Socialistic following and made it a menace, it seems apparent that, with "fla..mes of patriotism roaring to the .winds,'' there will be · fewer people in Russia, England, France, Germany or Austria desirous of promoting the program of the Socialist Party that would have left eacl¥nation unprepared for waor and less able .to protect itself against the common enemy. The rulers of Europe felt that the war between the nations must come. They realized that unless Socialism was checked it would soon control government. They knew that if war came Socialism would be checked. Here is Capitalism's confession. Rather ,than yield to the next stP.p in evolution the exploiting class would plunge the world into terrible, devastating wars. The Times is serene in the confidence that the bourgeois patriotism of the middle class of America still is responsive to the martial spirit and can be stirred by war clamor. Does the General's dream carry him to the P?int where he believes the working class of America will rally to the call of the capitalist class 1 Does he r ealize what it would mean at this hour if the millions of Socialists in the United States should become convinced· that there is nothing to be hoped fJ>om political action as a peaceful solution of the industr·ial and economic problems that now 'c onfront them? 1f thosp who hold this belief are harboring a delusion it wi ll be a sad day for Capitalism when the worl<ers aw\!J,rn to t.h c futility of their peaceful prognun. Solidarity By EDGCUMB PINCHON 111(!11, wo111en allCl ehildren; yon are damued in toil without gladness H EAH 111e, slwll be strong and serene, unslwdd ecl; · · ~Leu \\'omen shall he lithe and fair, joyous in Frncdom; The day shall be cl::ul in brief, blithesome lahor--\\TeatliPd in a garland of vitalleisu re: Night shalf filii in violet, fold::; 011-a \\·orlcl dromH•fl in rapture; Dawn shnll sp1·iug out of the searlct east \\'i.tl1 a shout nnd a song to a day of gladJWSs, of unspeakable adn-'nture, of lH·:lltl1y, tinp;ling- madness! J t(']] yon. sonls, these things shall he. • Hear 11w, men wnJJWll and childrPJl; ,\·ou a r<· d;nmJed in toil '"ithout gladness: The wild dr0am of yonr all-daring hour, rl'lle sta l'l.;: demand of your unguarded soul, rrhc ab;mdml ed silent clamor of you, tight-lippedAre the true sip:ns and tokens of That vVhieh Shall Br. AeroRs the universe is written one great ln\Y-"Dt:mand!" B<meat.h th e univrrse writhes one great fon·e-" Desirc!" Set :vour demand above the unsighted stars, Let your d<~sire outburn the infernal fires- Almie-yon 1•an do nothing. But join your hands, you men, women and rhildren; ~-ou who are damned in toilwithout gladness; and in your FellmYship of Agony-Demand! And there is nothing you can dream-of merry feast and glowing hearth, of beauty, splendor, grace, of mirthful ease, ~f dignit.~r of soul, of power, of radiant myrinds all absorbed in the entrancement. of sclf-cho::;en tasks- nothing that is not yours. I tell you, souls, these things shall be. �The Western Comrade Slaughter 11 By Job Harriman AR, carnage, de~th, destruction, blood- r---~- !1:::::: "!""-----------------. shed, brutality, hunger, starvation, these are the ripe fruits of capitalism. \Vhat a terrible crop Europe is gathering! Crowned heads! High Financiers! Big business men! Gho).lls, vultures, ever·y one: Look at your bloody t':r:ail. !::lee the widows and the fatherless! They are of your rna king! Will you feed them ? You robbed their father·s while yet alive. \¥ill you dothe them 'I You have tlriv,•u t hl'ir husbands into the field of carnage. Will you house them ? 1\o. You will sink your vulturous tender and lJroken hearts · aud suck their blood wi1ile tht·y m·r at the wh cf'l in your· factories. You will lmild up for·tunes, by robbing these lt·ss \Yitlows and ehildrcn as you robbed their fa and husbands. You have no ht'art, no sympathy, no feeling human kindness. Your fortunes make you cruel. Y huild navies and implements for human butchet·y protect your fortun es. You skulk away to your pal aces while your machine of bayonets, of dynamite, of shr·apncl and cannon fort:es the poor from where you Whom the Gods Would fil ched your fortune to protect y.our· glitter·ing gold :md diamonds. Your greed keeps pact• with your wealth. Your are here in our midst. Your hearts rejoice at the bloodhearts. are h ardt~ned as ~' OIIr power multiplies. Your shed in Etu·ope while, with t he satanic gt·in you raise hr·ains are scarrd with your grmYing ambition. Your the JWi(:e of food in a glutted market. You rejoice c·onquests at honH' ll'arls you to war with your neigh. o\·er· the war· because the destruction of property and hor. Familiar with thr sight of th e starving poor in food will cr<*ttc a temporary demand for your goods. You lau g h as you build your fortunes on the caryour own factoric's, yon ar't! able to look with glee upon the ficlc1 of carnage if only your; arms arc victorious. f'asses of man. You gt·in and clutch your diamonds as you hear the hones of men crushed under the weight To he sbot dead for you, is to he forgotten by you. of your gold. You pay your preacher to pray for you .\~Vhat a chasm hrtwccn Christ and the "fighting JJord!" The worst hell that Jesus Christ could im- and to bless this hellish prosperity. You are building you,. armies and your navies. You agin e is a glorio)Js paradise hy the side of the butchery can plunge them into war, but you cannot stop them and carnage now raging in Christian Europe. Christian Europe ~ What a comment on the teach- after the war is over. The F'rench revolution rolled on ing of that gentle soul. What effect have they had on lik e a g reat tidal wave for a quarter of a"century. The army had spent its force but the soul of the people of the hearts and the minds of the rich 1 Oh, you money changers and money getter!l, your France went marching on. The military machine of the warring nations, numbanks and your cathedrals are dens of thieves. Their gilded walls cannot hide your iniquities. Your daily bering some 20,000,000 men, is exhausting itself while crimes are heard in the roar and seen in the glare of the souls of three hundred million are revolting at the every cannon shot. You may hide your guil! for. a butchery and unconsciously preparing for a change. time, but the wars you engender tell the story of your The reaction will come. The crowned heads and their thrones will soon be among the relics of the past. 'rhe unconscionable greed. You and your kind dwell _in every country. You ambitious will be shelved and forgotten. The high P.!!!!!!!'!!!!!!!!!!!!W �12 The Western Comrade noancit~r , ·tire gettt•r of money and the power that goeJS with it, the land pirate , will ~e relegated to stand Japan declaration of war is in history with the pirate of the ea. eren<~e to the grace of heaven. ' '1'he powerful in the ne": ~rder will be those who will be an invocation to God to serv<' mankind, while those who rob or try to rob either troop . The jumble of prayer to variou god impl rhy hand, hy <·onniva_Jtce .or by word of mouth will be ing aid in whol ale murder i minal d with th · ur y·ctired to the asylum and soon forgotten. . of ~he struggling the briek of the wound d th JJOV<' and hrothr·rly kindness wilr arise out of this · moan of the dying and the wails of the widowed. wor·!d cataclysm and thrive in this world of plenty. . The greed of a pi tali m end ountle thou and This age of savagery with its horrors of 'ar will to untimely death. ow i the time to make war on !H! a J:wdm:n·k of the gr·catcst change in ·the ]jfe of the war! humnn rac·e. Slams at Sophi t Cmuching t H'Y (·ling .like VCJ'min to the earth And with t 1H:-ir _hleeding fingers scrape the earth But for a littl e dust, tlieir sustenance, .A little dnRt mixed with t he sweat of brow, Th e blood of fin gers anc' the t ear·s of pain. "J'i s not for them 1"h e sun shines glor·iously, 'l'li e fl mv,!r·s hloorn , the fruit ·hangs on the tt·ee, . 'Tis not for thrm the birds and poets sin g, Or lovely women smil e. 'J'hc·y !r ave to i ' !'Otii' IJ and 1·lin ~ nnd S\n•at and scrape nut for U )itt) p du st- th eir SUst r nllnCe. -Adolf ·wolff. :-;o<'lr\L l'H OO HESS In da.vs of old . so we 'ye been told, Till' stroll!{ Ill an ruled th e ~·liffs ; lT1! t ook a cluh to any duh :-;ans wh er·cfor·es, huts or if's, .\nd th r.• n t ook of the weak er 's wealth ·w hatever· hr thought right ; Ht• did this whiiP he k ept his hra lth, Rnt aftr r th!lt-good night! \ Hut motlr nr <lays ha \'e modr t·n ways To t ul'l1 th e primal tr·ick ; Th e smallest shrimp, whose grip is limp, ~ray s\ving the biggest st ick ; And str·ong men ..,.Jadly work fo r him For part of what is their·s, And t hen when d eath has don ed his glim K p working for the heirs. ,. -By · Rex Lampnian. . Th e fai lure of t!w H. B. Claflin who! ale drygood, house o~ ~ew York is officially attribttted to tb upto.wn movement, to the fact women hav abandon d p etticoat ,. the elimination of the middleman, a faplty system of finan r iug, the new curre~cy . law and the polici~s of the Wilson administ ration. If th y nc cl any.more reasons they might. tack on the· spots' in the su.n , the "j uxtaposition of .Jupiter and Mar , the jcrkJness of the hydt•ostatic paradox and the fai l'ure of the p eg crop in Timbuctoo. H er e's the constitution trampled" on again! '!'hat ''inalienable" right that guards us against "cruel and unusual punishment" has been alienated in Colorado. "Lieutenant" Linder felt, of Rockefeller 's militia, who commanded th e br:we soldiers who shot, bayon etted and burned to death nin et een persons, has been r·educed "five fil es in th e ranks." Samu el G. ,Blythe, writin g fo r t he Satu rdny Even ing Post on the politicnl situation in California, mentions " John \V. Fredericks " as candidate for govern OJ'. W thought h e Jll eant John D., but later in th e a rticle t he writer says, " Fredericks is a popular man and a good lawyer. " \Yho ca n this be1 In the face ·of 1he n wful r esults of g reat armam · nt and the tenific toll death is taking and the inevitable hurden upon mankind fo r· centuries, Hearst is shouting· for the establishment of a navy twic_e the size of any othr r· powr r. Ht' says this would cost the "dear. moth rrland .. . only !f;;mo,ooo,ooo a year! Gf't out anti work for the EIGHT-HO R LAW in Ca li fornin , Oregon and Wash ington. Don 't let H enry Duhh sleep. Prod him into actlvity. Th{' etn·toou on the CO\'er page of this \\ estem mrnde wns reproduced from the Appeal to ~ eason. 'l'lw clrnwing was made hy Ryan Walker. · '1 h ~> time wn ' neY<'r h€tter to educate the workers. Agitate and edu<'ate. Thi i Red Week. 1 rge npou ner.v working man and woman the neof rrgistf'ring in order to start the big strike Nov. :t t·t>s it~r llu. tie for the Eight-Hour Day. �The Western Comrade 13 Sentenced For Deat-h! By WILLOUGHBY SMART HE AVERAGE American Citizen, with all T~ his hifalutin' spread-eagleism is entirely devoid of anything like true appreciation of the preciousness of human libertynow, don't get · ~xcited, I kn<;>w all about ~ those Fourth of July orations over which you get so " het-up " -they deal with glorious (and meaningless) abstractions ; and it is the beauty of abstra~tions that, however rationa lly ridiculous they may be, they are rated academic and respectable. But when it comes to the concret e-! might say t he mud of life's realities-when some poor down-andouter or some undistin guish ed 'rom, Dick or Harry of t he common highway commits or is alleged to have committed, some breach of the law, does your nice sense of value, in human liberty, r ender you sensitive · to the d egree of seve rity of the punative methods applied to th e case? Do you so much as tum a (mot'3l ) hair or fancy you see the Statue of Lib erty sm ile when a local judge sentencrs some poor scantp to fiv e years in a peniteutiary for a sixty-day oft'ense ~ Do you deem t he nam e of Freedom scandalized when a first offe~der (an old army veteran with a blameless past, who makes a clran breast right away) is sent up fo r fifteen years for a deed of highway r obhr ry to which he was prompted, if not absolutely driven, hy downright destitution 1 Docs yolll' blood boil wh en a smug, round-belli ed police court judge sentences unemployed men to one and t \vo (not weeks, but ) years apiece for holding a meetin g to prot rst against hun ger ori Christmas daythat onr day in th e y ear when all th e world else is !'Pasting-men whose only fault was that they grew angry, as thry were hung1·y, when the police broke up their peaceful and ord erly meeting ? Nary a boil, nary a simm er! You r ea d th e JJ ewspaper account of how a callous, <l e~mm a ni r.r d judicial jackanapes sentences some poor·· devil for that diaboli cally and dishonestly indefinite oft'r nse of "vagrancy " -which as it affects a given 'individual ma~r mra n simply that he was poor and the f'O p "didn 't lik e his fa ce," and you pass it by unmoved. Pntil it actwdly strikes th e average American-~h e ra n n ever he made to see that it is HIS concern. In th e beautiful City of th e Angels there are innumerable cases of t hese judicial outrages and n ever a rippl e on the placid surfa ce, here ~vn ere familyJov e and all gentle virtues of civilized life are supposed to be c ultiYat~d·. : FIVE YEARS for stealing a cheap watch. . (Of course. t 4ere was the· usual "bad record''' -proven false only 'after sentence had been passed, .and sentence never was changed.) ~~VEN YEARS for the ·theft of a cll.eap tiepin·. (First offen,se of a man who had spent a . lifetime at hard, useftlll!tbor and who had been debauched by state sanctioned sale of.poison. ) . TEN YEAR'S each for two who stole $80. (A lawye~ friend of the Judge defei;J.ded this sentence . by citing the men 'I\ '' tough looks.'') FOUR'rEEN YEARS for being room-mate of tt sneak , thief who shot an officer. FIFTY YEARS for a youth who took part m a hold-up. FIFTEEN YEARS for the theft of a pair of eyeglasses. (This judge deplored the "force and violence" t hat had been used! ) ONE YEAR for a man who had spoken at a public meeting of th e unemployed at which a riot had been precipitated oy the officiousn ess of the police, though it was admitted the man was. not in the n eighborhood when the riot occurred. 'l' hese cases might be indefinitely added to. Most of these judges are candidates for r e-election. A young man was r ecently arrest ed on a charge of . vagrancy. The arresting "peace officer " swore the youth was a dope fi end and that he wouldn 't work. He was imprisoned three days and though the judge threw the case out of court he would not permit the attorney fo r th e hoy 's defense to cross-question the officers and brin g out the fact· that p erjury had been committed. Loss of employm ent, disgrace and humiliation of imprisonment wer e not considered. The judge protected the officers who had worked out a p ersonal grudge and there was no r edress. It all ended when the judge said "the case is closed-the man 's discharged!" And thi s fat, fatuous and unctious· one ·is also a candidat e for a higher position and probably will be r lcct cd ; which makes us want to add a few expletives to Puck's observation that humanity was composed largely of long-eareil, mouse-colored jackasses, or words to that effect. Get some names on th e dotted line of the application ca1·d. Th en take their one dollar subscription to the ·w estern Comrade for one year. �T be W estern ,. om r a d ·e 14 Co-operation and the Labor Movement By WALTER THOMAS MILLS ~~~~~ HEHE is very little labor that is altogeth er individual in its character. Most of the work of the workers is devoted to 1 ·~ the produetion . of some article which othcr·s use, or to the doing of some service in the hcnefits of wffich others shar.e. _ Labor· in<:ludes all classes .:Of work, wltdhpr· in producing a com~odity, a a far111er pr·odu'.~<·s wl11•at, or rendering a ser>vice, as a physi<·ian lrf•:ds a wound. Jn all sl.'lch labor. it is not only 1nrt· 1hat th e JH!l'so ns who use the wheat, or whose wounds ar<• lrl'n lPtl, :II'<' <li"rcdly concerned, hut it is :rlso tru<· that in most wo rk rwn·c than the single worker :s f!ll gHgerl in doin g the work . . The far·m equipment, not prodw·<·d hy tir e f:ll'lner, and the hospital and its stair, as \\'I'l l as tlrP plrysiei an, a re a ls~ essentia l to the work in hnnd. ll<·rH·<!. prad icnlly all Ia bot· is collective in its cltarad•! t'. ,fust hrcausr: oft l11• •·oll<•t t i \'{: eharacler of most labor the promotion of th e illter<·sts of' labor must be a collective movement, not nrrn:ly an individual undertaking. Labor· cannot l• r <lo11c witho11t or~anization. Neither ean tire int<'l'l'Sts of lnhor· he rr·omotcd without or·ganization Labor· whie h 111ay }), ~ said to he entirely individual in its chaeaeter·, I ii«~ a man wa s hing his own hands for purpos'r s or Iris own eomfort, may Le sa id to be srlf-employecl. fn such case it may also he said tbat Ir e f''.'tS th<' \\'hole p1·oduct or ad\'antage of his lahor. rr (•ollccti VC labor wer e H lso self-employed, as the So(•ialists wish, thcr1 there would fall to those who do t he work the whole benefit 'Of collective labor, just be<'llllSC th en the wod<rr·s would be th e. only claimnnts to he consid('t·cd . T 'l'lr rxploitation of labor r ests on the control of the upportnnities to labor hy others than the laborers th ern<:> lvcs. 'rhis is accomplished by making the ownership of the products of labor fall not to the workers, hut inst~d. to the owners of the opportunities to labor. 'l'his •ontrol of opportunities, through the private owner hip by 11 part of th e people of the things used by a li of thC? people, exten ds to natw-al resources, to all materials, to tools, shops, warehouses, railways, banks and store . The workers are so completely hedged about that their only chance to live is to ~ell the.ir htbor for such wages as they can get and buy their living nt su h priee as th y are obliged t o pay. Those who thus monopolize all the opportunities to r nd r ervice a ume the right because they have the power to name the wages when labor is sold and to fix the pri~es when the laborers buy back the products of their own toil. It is by keeping down wages and.: pushing up t.hC? seiling prices of the means by whi~h the worket·s live that those who render no necessary service are ahle to tali: ~ to 'themselves the larger share of all thC? results of human toil. Never in the life of the race was it possible to produce so much with so litti~ expenditure of human energy as now. Never was labor able to buy so small a share of its total products as .now. Imm ed iately, the labor movement is a collective battle for better wages, when labor is sold, an~ for lower prices ·\dt C?lJ. labor buy. its br·ead. Ultimately, the labor movemen t is for t he co-operative commonw.aalth; under which tl.1e co-operative ownership and use of the means by which h1;t.man serv·ice is made possible will give to those wlro r C?nder ser·vice all Qf the advantages of the sC?niee which they r euder. Th e great problem is how to fi ght the immediate battle for better wages, and f or lower prices, and at the same time hasten the coming of the complete d·~liv crauce which can come only. by thr final triumph of th e c o-op~mtivc or·ganization and eo11trol of th e \\'o t·king plant of the world. Th e collertivr fi~ht for bett er wages i. the trades uniO!~ movem<:>Jrt., in some form. The coll ective fight for lower prices is the co-op eutive movement, in some form. Tt has bern eontended that if the trades unions do their work well no oth er lnhor movement is necessary. lt bas he0n contended that if co-operation on a Yolnntaey basis wer·e faithfully carried out it would be tir e r11d of tlw co;troversy. It has been contended by some that n either of these can solve the labor problem , and sometimes it is even said that one or the other or hoth tl1<' trades 1inion and the voluntary co-operative movements are :only half-way compromises and tend to obstruct, to binder and so to delay the coming of co-operation established hy law and extending its benefits to all mankind. · But the advant~ges of the co-operative commonwealth r.annot he cnjoy<'d in advance of its coming. The advancing army must live while on the march. The economic foundations cannot be escaped from, not even by those who contend most earnestly for the doctrine of economic determinism. It is not the economic foundations ~s they will be, hut as they are, which must condition our battle for the new foundations as they ought to be. It is impossible to live on the fruits of the harYest during the season of planting and culture. Neither the planters nor the harvesters can �Th~ Western Comrade be fed from the harvest itself. They must be provided for by that which has gone hefore. Socialism offers to the w orkers the greatest economic prize ever offered to lalwr. Bn~ the Socialists cam1ut live on the prize itself while they are still striving to get the prize. They must live under economic injustice while striYing for deliverance. HENCE THE REAL PROBLEM IS HO\V TO IMPROVE THE CONDITIONS OF LIVING UNDER 'rHE OLD SYSTEM WHJT~E BUILDlNG THE NEW. This c.an )Je done Olll.v by CO lJ <:'Cti\'C adion of SOI11~ sort and collective :tdiou in this fi eld of any so1·t is either a trades 1:y1ion or :1 ,·o!11ntary co-ope1·ativt> 1110\'emcnt of some _s ort. · l,; it not. then, perfedly clear that the economic foundat ion, not for So!·ialism , but i"or thl-' fight for So<·ia li slll, is 1o h<· round in 1he 1Tadps union and in \'Oi!ltt1nr-.v <·O-OJW1"11ti\'<' utH.ll'rtaking~. In Europe and in Cn•:>t llritaiu, tirP t'< ·ono!l it: ndnllltag·<'S of the trades 1111ions and th!' ('O·O]l<'J"ati\'<' IIJHi ertnl,in gs ar·c th e mor>t Yit al :~ncl the most powPrl'ui of nil ti11: forces ·.~·hielt ar< · i:astPni ng tiH· eorninl! of ~O<·iaij sm. lu those Ci)Unt riPs for l',·p r·.v JH ' JIIJ~' paid to the Socialist organiza-· tioJ:~;, the nwn makillg th e paylllt'nl ca n at once s•~e a dozeu penni es eoming his way, not after Socialism has h<·Pn won, but at once and as an additional equipment i11 th e h;-dtle fo r Roeialism . In the snmr way no one works YCJ'Y long either as :1 traLle unionist or as a co-oJwrator without discovering that thP worst foe of eith er is the politica l power in t he hands of the enemies of both . Ne-i th er does one go very far without diseovering that the final of a ll co-operatiYc organization must he t he activity of the state its!'~[ in the organizatior : and managentt·nt of the great social service, ineludin g all those enterprises which must he great privatE> monopolies to r·oh you if they are Jtot made gr·cat public enterprises to S<'rve you instead. That ·means that the outcome of both the tJ·<tdes union and of t he voluntar·y co-operative r'n ovem ents must he political action by <tnd in hehalf of labor. These tlli"Cl' Jines o: aetion eannot he r·casonahly }IUt into ·~ ompctition witl .,,,Jt other. ;l'hey must he allies, not foes. Th e trnd•~s unions <llld the co-operat ive movements must make the immediate fight for a better chance in life, whilf' the old order remains, but this · fight must be made in a way that it will hasten t he final triumph, not delay it. The fa ilures in these un. dertakiugs are t he failures of_. labor. Disowning· th e failures does not hasten success, and r efusing to try lest one shall fail is to admit ineapacity for the larger tasks ·which labor must undertake if delivet·anr,.e is ever to be achi~ved. Neither the t ra<les unions nor the co-operative undertakings can succeed without leading directly to political action in behalf of•the propO!;als of the Social-, 15 ists. And the Soeialists cannot carry on. their war successfully without an immediate pragram under which the workers for. Aocialism sha.ll be · able to secure important economic advantages without waiting for the kingdom come. Besides, that immediate program must be a training and 3: preparation for the responsibilities of the new order of things. Every achievement in e_ither;·the unions or in co-operative effort makes the '\! orkers tronger in the hattie and wins confidence in them -elves and confidence in each other as nothing else can possibly do. Tho e who· ·cannot manage a co-opera~ive store, or fac.t ory, or farm may well hesitate before undertaking the mana ement of tl! e co-oper ative · commonwealth. Those who. 1av succeeded in such undertakings cannot .be k ept from struggling after each higher task as tlwy· have attainrd thr mast er·y over --each small~r kingdom . Th e s,ITl'llf!tlr of 1he ~oeialist movement elsewhere is in its sense or power· gained in its tl~ades 'union and co-oper·atiY·r rnoYements. 'l'h e solidarity of t~e labor organizations in :ill of Europe is the foundation of their marvelous achievements at the ballot box. What they havr already aeeomplisl1cd in behalf of labor in their own shops, stores, factories and farms has revealed to th em as nothing else could do what a world of peace, of wealth, of universal education, of social joy, of. high and i10ly character they might establish if tl.1e. cxploitPr cou ld he excluded and the power and resonrces of the st·ate made available for the common good All thP workers ·must be gotten into the unions and the unions got together. The tremendous purchasing power of the wo~kers must he combined and used in their own behalf. Co-operation under which the produc<'r ~mel th e c0nsumer shall he brought close. tog<'ther· until w~tstP and rxploitation shall be excluded from the problem, must be advanced, but not as a suhstitntr fo1· Socialism. So far as they can l;le establish('(1 , Roc-iali<>tn \viii he established. When voluntary ·1ction can do no more; then the experience ·and the powrr \\il! have !wen attained to take over the state itsrlf. California should start a campaign ~t once to get 50,000 members .of the Socialist party. It can be done if the economic power of the workers can be interested to make the workers stand together when they sell their labor, and when they buy their living, and when they· use the power of their citizenship, and to use it in their own behalf. 0 This is Socialist week. Two il{lportant duties are before you-get some n ew party members and get some subs for Socialist publications. Do it now! �The Western ComrtJ d e 16 Nature Leads Man 1 Scientist Tells How ·Natural Laws of Chemistry and Mechani , ·' .. r.~ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\ GES AGO when · th e world was. young and till' nile of old Sabre ToQth, the tiger, was undisputed throtig~but the <'alifomia jungles, that section of the ~tatr whi,·h is llQ\\' known as the Antelop'· Yalll'.v was a fertile and wellwat r· red plain covered with forests and dotted with lakes. On the west :111d south a range of low hills S(•par·ated it from the s(':t i!nd \\'as th<· hirthplael~ of the numer·ous brooks and riYPI'S that fiowrcl away eastward toward the ( 'oloraclo. With tllf• slow passing of th e '·entur·ies gr eat changes c·:tJIH '. 'J'(•rTihle ''ar·thquakt·s s hook tlw ent ire wpst. ·as thP r·ock strata which had long been slowly bending b r. g a u to br·enk, so that what had for·merly been lo>1 hills w er e flung up in great masses of rocks, becoming mountains from 7,000 to 10,000 \ feet in elevation . These high ranges intercepted t h e moist b r e e z r. s which had formerly given birth to tropical jungles and combined with other more ob-se-nre c l i m at i c changes eau ed W. SCOTT LEWIS the rainfail to !!r·adunlly dimiuish . Till' for·ests died. The vegetation IH•(·anw seanty and took on a desert character. The Pntir·p land RPPmNl drHd. hut in reality it was only sh·cpinrr, nncl just as n per. on during sleep gains in st r·ength so during the long ages that these plains lay m s.>l By W. S nppar·e11tly barr-en th ey wer e in reality coTJ.stantly gaining iri fertjlity. · It is a ;·well-kn9wn fact that in all regions of l~eavy rainfall the very p st soil is eonstantly being washed away into the sea. So· great is the financial loss re. ulting from such erosion that. for the United States it is rstimated to be equal to the entire land . tax of the · natlon~ In.<;pnrsrly wat ered regions th~re is none of this loss and the finer and richer elements are ·retairwd with. the coarser . particles. This explains the gn·at soil fer·tili.ty so often found in desert regions. P icking Pears at Ranch No. 3 In order that a soil may produce large crops continuously without heavy fertil ization it is necessary that it contain large amounts of certain chemical substances and only small amounts of some others. As the soil of a desert region, not subject to overflow, can only be derived from . the decomposition of the su rrounding rocks, it is possible, by studying the geology and min eralogy of a region, to derive a pretty good idea as to the. per manent fertility of the soil, also as to its impoi·tant physicnl Pharacteristics, the ease with which it can be worked. .6 'fhc mountains back of Llano del Rio are composed almost ent irely of granite which is gradually crumbling under th e action of the winter frosts and the frequent rains. Th e r esulting dehr·is is carried out and deposited ' upon the plain helow hy the wint er storm waters. This �The Western Comrade • tn 17 Vast Co-operation for Untold Ages Have Wrought Miracles With Land and tt S~il Lewis X The great al fresco bedroom at Ranch No. 1 (Goodmans ) whPre ahout forty pcr·sons slept for months beneath the stars. Thr climate is r>qua hle and balmy. X proc·rss t·ontinuing for tens of ccntUJ' ies has gr·ad ually huiJt up a gently slopi11g mesa, extend ing downwanl from the base of the r·ange to the general h•\'t>l of the desert. The lands upon which t hP Llano Colony is s.itnatPd arr upon th <· upp rr part of this slope, wh en• 1 hr soil i. of gr<>at dc·pth and of that degree of finerH·ss most d<>sit'l'd h:"~' agrif'nlturists. Onl' of the most impor·tant fertilizing clrments is potash and if this is h~t·king fr·om the soil it can only lit> snpplil'd at gr·pnt rxpPn~<r. ::l' lwre sePms to h e no quc•stion hut \\'hat tiH·Sl' lands Hl'l' \\·c· ll supplied with this frl'tili7t>J' as thr gr·Hnitr of thr rPgion is especially r·i<·h in th<' potash-hrar·in1! min rral orthorlase, carr·yj,ng in soml' east's H" hi1,.d: as 1:1'/r potash. No pra<'li<·al mPthod has yPI heen disrO\'l'rNl for· sc•par·at ing thl· pot a. h r•onstit.urnt from the othPJ' PlemPnl s. a It hough t ht> goYPrnmtmt is offering en~ry en- <·our·agl'llll'lll to l'X]Wriml·nts along these lines, and it now srt•ms prohahle that electrolysis ultimately will sol\'t' tht• prohll'm But what man has not yet been HhJ,. to do on a c·ommc•rC'ial scale nature has been doing in h<'t' own slow way for ages and by decomposing the nw ks and rel easi n~ t he• potash has constantly added to thP ft•r·tility o[ thP soil. It is of intcrPst to note that a ' specimen of clay front a playa out on the plain shows 3.4% available potash. This a<·c·wntdat ion can only 'take place through a gradual c·O!H·r ntration .fr·om the water which during hl'a\·y \rinter rains hr,s lt>al'hed through the porous fert ilt• soil hi~?ht·r· up. Tlu·r·p arr pln<·Ps in thr Antrlope Valh'y where g-yp~11111 O<·<·urs in s11<·h a quantity that tht' soil has t·ome to partake of the· eharal'tcrs of plaster· of paris, hPill!-" almost Hsi'IPss for agril' ultHral pnrposrs. This �18 The Western Comrade mineral does not occur at I.1lano del Rio and neither who have spent money in development work have apdoes ''alkali,'' the soil being entirely free from any parently failtd to realize that an ounce of copper will · stain an enormous quantity of rock. Gold is without injurious element. On the hills to the south, and very easy of access, question present in a trace everywhere in the soil, but there is an immcnsP deposit of lim estone~ In one place in general it is safe to say that practically all of the kilns wcr<' eonstrw·tNI and considerable cement manu- mining operation!< m the Antelope Valley will be confadurl'd hi•forP th<· lands W<'l'<' taken ove r by the presPot 'eompany, but a mu t h lwttei' outci·opping has now he<·n found a littl<· distancr hom this point that will not only rnal((· a IH"tl1·r t·entent, hut will be still easier of a<·e<·ss . Tht·n · SP<·Ilt s to he no reason why all permallPilt huildin~s <·anllot IH· c·onst rudcd in _an ahsolut<·l.v fit·t·prool' llt:trtrt<'l' at l'l'I'.V little cxpc nsr, by using this ltotn•· produ<:t. Sut·h buildings ll'ill have tlt e Hddcrl :td l'<llilag" ol' ht·ing- ··ool•· r· ill Slll}lllliH' and li'Hr·mrr· in 11·int• ·r t h:tll l'ntttll· st l'lll·t tll'••s. lt is :tlso possii,J,. that a tl• ·posit of rnarhlc• will yet IH · <kv•·lop• ·tl. as llo:il l'otltHI ill t It•· :\lt•seal C'anyon indi•·:il•·s t 1~:11 on•· ma.1· l11 · I'XfH'<·t•·.l in the l'i1·inity. The "Hotel" SuNder's Camp. Left to Right: The .Thomas Tl11· •·ss•·nt ial nit ~'"!.!'' ' itOIIS •·lt·llwnts o[ tiH· soil S\'ern Brothers, Weis, Milligan and Reeslund t11 l11· JH·•·s•·JII tl!t·ottg-hr!ll1 tit<· tr:td in a qttantity suffi•·it ·ll1 l'or _l'<":tt·s to''''"''' · 11·hil<· in tit•· PXtr:rm e easte rn fin•·d to th1· \·ol<-nni1· hills 11·hidr honlr1· it upon the J>:tr t 111' t It•· ''"lo ll _,. l:tr11l. n<·:tr· tht· \f('sc·al dam , tlwre IIOJ'th :t JHJ 1\' ilil'h ill'•• lll'HI' ii .v lllill••l'a]iz<•d in pl::JCCS. is :1 Jllt •s:t 1rh•·r•· t !11· soil is :tlrnost ldaek with de1·om.\11 :thundnnt 1rat1' 1' supply for the co lony is already assrtn·d. htrt it S('('JIIS probable that a much greater suppi_,. willultirnat,·l_v hl' dcwlopcd. G.eologists r ecognize tht· ,.xist .. nt·(· oJ' :1 gT(•:t( hr·rak , m· fault, along the north•·rn sid(· of th 1• rnngr . This npu·ks one of the places wht·r·,. t Itt• nwk st l'ata brok e ;tt thr time the mountains '.I'••J'l' t hi'0\\' 11 up to thc•ir present hl'ight, away back at t lr <· h•·ginning- of the qrtnrtPrnftry prriod. T!11·r•· nr•· r easo-ns !'or thinl<ing that a great deal of th1· \l':ttPr tha t <·Oin rs fr·om thP m elting snows at the ~tnnrnit oft lw l'allg-e Rinks into this c revice, forming an ttnd<·rgTnund st r·•·:nn :md possibly forming the artesian stlpply for th1· .\ntl'loJ;r Yall<-.v . if not fo1· more distant ,.,.g-io11s. It shouhl he possibl e to find some plac e where this f:1tr!t t·:t n l11· tapp"d 11·ith tnnnPls and a large flow of wat ,.,. d('n·loprcl . Tit" t·olon~' has thr adl'antal!r of drawing its water supply from mountains suffiriently h igh to receive sumlllt·r· show(•rs. Th P damp sril breeze flowing over their hi¥h summits is so l'hillrd that, barometric conditions !wing fa\'OI'HhlP. thP moisture is condensed, giving hi1·th to h ea 1·y thund<·r storms a r ound the highest JWHks whil' h hPlp to maintain a steady flow of water in t lw ('anyons below. Another advantage is that the fo r ested s lopes are not covered with a growth of u n derBurning Limestone for Material Used in Concrete Construction at Llano del Rio brush sufficirnt ly l1ra vy to make forest fir es extremely dange rous. There is a very encouraging growth of posed leHf mold. E n <H"mous retu ms a r e to he expected );Onng trrrs in p lacPs and plenty of timber already grown to supply the needs of the colony for a long t ime from p laces like t his. I n the mou nt ain s to the south t here a r e traces of to come. The vegetation over such parts of the colony as a r e su ch m etals as iron and copper , bu t the fo r mation is not fav orable t o extensive deposits of t his type. T hose not under c·ultivation is characteristic of t h e Mojave. �The Western Comrade 'fhe most s.t riking and artistic plant is the Joshua tree, or tree yucca. These strange objects are to be seen on every hand and add a touch of weirdness to a landscape that is far from being monotonous. They are especially attractive when seen by moonlight. There is only one species of tn1e cactus growing at 'this elevation, hut it makes up in ferocity tor what it lacks in numbers. Th e tenderfoot from the city who stumbles Where the Carpenter Crew Made Camp in an Orchard. Note the Flag "Fiyin.g There" o1·er it in 1ht' dar·kness at once takes a long step toward hecominJ.r proli1·ient in the artistic a nd expressive lan guage of' the rc·gion. The ,,·i](l hnel\\Yhcat is everywher e and its masses of whit e tlo11·•·rs produce an abun~anc e of honey which will douhtl1·ss lw utilized hy th e colony in times to come. EYen as lalf~ Hs August thr. desert paint brushes add a touch of brilliant r ed to the edges of the irrigating clit chrs. a nd peduips the presence of so many Socialists in tlw Yirinity will (·ause them to bloom throughout thE' ~'<'HI' aftPr this . Up beside Big Rock Creek are to he found magnificent speeimcns of th e prickly poppy, a close relative of the l\fatilija.' Its p!:!tals are white and look as if macl e of tissue paper, while the center is a lovely gold. ]<''ortunately nature has provided it with ample means of defense, otherwise admiring campers would soon cause its complete extinction. Along with it grows a magnificent evening primrose. By day it is quite inconspicuous, but as the evening shadows fall its great yellow flow ers burst open, transfo rming it into a thing of beauty. The desert cottonwood ~rows with great rapidity along the irrigating ditches and will doubtless be extensively planted, as more shade trees will be badly needed as the colony grows. Morning and evening the cloud effects are especially fine, the feathery cirrus clouds in particular r eaching a degree of development which in its d elicate beauty is unknown nearer the coast. At night the stars shine ·- 19 out with a brilliancy that is almost startling to the city dweller. Indeed Llano del Rio is not only place of wonderful possibilities, but it is situated among surroundings of far more than ordinary beauty. It is one of those places that inspires both poet and painter, and unless appearances deceive it is about to come into its own. We trust t.h at every dream of those good and true comrades who are now doing the hard physical labor. of preparing· the soil for the coming of the water will be realized and that they will have the reward which their faithfulness and trust deserves. a CO-OPERATIVE COLONIZATION W. P :Hatton of I,ittle Hock, Cal., who has a :sixteenacre ranch t en miles f rom Llano del Rio Colony, is ha1·~:esting 100 tons of pears, which should yield him ai,JO.ut ~100 per ton after all expenses and charges are 1Ja1d. The colony has a bout 55 acres of the sam·e sort of pear h'Pt's,' but they have not yet reach ed the ·bearing age. lt is th e intention of the colonists to establish their mir·se r·y <111(1 plant several humhed acres in· deciduous fr·uit each year until they hal'e the largest deciduous or·ehar·d in Califomia. The memhers of the colony are nearly all Socialists. 'l'lu'y are d~i ng the pioneering of a great constructive l'nterprioc. .About sixty members, many of whom haYe fmnilies, have entered the eolony and are working in the vario.us departments. Othcr·s have taken their View of Mei!Cal Dam, Which Has Since Been Filled With · Water From Jackson's Lake memberships and arc so arranging their affairs that they may leave the worry and vexations in the world of competition and take up life in a co-operative colony. The colonists hope to r ecruit 8cveral members within th e next year. They are in need of men and women of nearly all useful occupations. Anyone interested can get full particulars by writing to Uano del Rio Colony, 924 Higgins Building, r,os Angeles, Cal. �20 The Western Comrade .-._ Wonderful Brain! The Song of the Riders There are 398,000 wage workers in Chic ago who are paid an average daily wage of $1.61-Re por-t of Industr-ial Department, Chicago Association of Commer-ce. W c are the men who could never stand the rule of an ordered, bordered land, Scorning a future made and planned, and cut to a dead man 's will. Riding together with song and jest, we follow the nameless, f~meless quest, Broken and shattered, our band, at best, but laughing at danger still. ''THEto solution of the p.r esent depression is not, my mind, a difficult matter," said the presidPJlt. or a Los Angeles bank, as he looked thoughtful a nd paused for the mighty enginery of his br·ain to get under. headway. " The solution would come with lower wages. That would case off one the pressure. "The labor unions ha"fe an opportunity. Let them get togeth er and r educe wages and the hard tim es will he over." · 1'here yon arc in a nutshell. Let those heads of families who arf' r eceiving $1.61 a day-when they can find a joh- hold a lneeting and agree voluntarily to r ed uce their wages hy the simple method of knocking off the dollar and working for 61 cents. If they do this they would make banking and other business better because: They could pay higher· rents to the landlord who is a depm;itor in the banks. They could pay more interest on their mortgages, thus incr easing the "ea rnings" of all banks. They eould buy more groceries and other foodstuffs. They could pay up th e haek c:leht they owe the doctor. They eoul<l lmy more shMs and more school hooks for the chilurcn. They could pay 1h<· undertaker and dodge th e potters' field. Oh, yes; with lower wages the workers could pay more interest, rent, taxes, buy more goods, stimulate home building, enlivf'n industry and awaken commerce. It's a happy thought and, if it can he properly spr·ead and 1hf' workers adopt it, should bring a medal- if onr has heen offered for doubl e-distilled assininity.- G. E. n. Boy scouts of Europe arc under· command of th e war office and are falling in the bloody trenches on the firing line. The mothers of these children were told, just as they are told in America, that the organization was not of !l military char acter. The powder trust finances the organization and the, boys are food for powder. The San Francisco Star says "Even Anna Goldman is opposed to war." v; e don't know Anna. but probably she is related to the distinguished Emma, who also opposes war. While others love the old lands, the cold lands, WE' mould lands; We leave the worn-out altars, and we build .new shrinea. The world will :find its way here, and pray here, and stay here, While we are off and riding where the last ftar shines. Vv ~ are the men who are rebels born, shatter ed and broken, alone, forlorn. Beaten Y Why, yes, in a hundred fights, but fighting on, dogged still ; Shut from the things that we used to kno,y, led by the light that's ahead, we go, Comrades to death, while the ride shall last, and slave to no master's will! Whil e others love the old worlqs, the cold worlds, we mould worlds, And men will kneel and worship at the altars that we raise; For yet they'll find their way here, and pray here, and stay here\VInTe we are off and riding, on strange new ways. -By Map Carolyn Davies. Don't Sera tch It! ''I have AM A believer in the high cost of living. I little patience with this continual com. plaint," says Underwood, the $75,000-a-year president of the Erie Railroad. Now, now, don't get excited! Don't cannonade <'Ockroaches! Don't scratch it! It will never get well if you pick it. Underwood is a product. He is a symptom-a · pimple-showing that beneath the surface, and not so far beneath, there is in the social body a rotting, r eeking disease. · Don 't fidd le with effects. Find the cause of the decay. Go after the sources of the pestilence that breeds and festers and causes these surface eruptions. Don 't pick it! It r equires a major operation for the system that breeds these symptoms- an amputation, just below the ears.-G. E . B. �The Weste rn Comrade 21 Pacific Co-operative League By E. 0. F. AMES · P.'!l\ ~!!!t.ffh!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ll HERE "'' many form• of voluntaCY oo~ operation and there have been many · , .I. failures. Failures, however, are to the co-operator what an- election defeat is to a Socialist and no more. In both .instances a defeat is the signal for" the opening of a new campaign, a campaign more certain of success because of the .. xperience gained in past reverses. Fourteen years of effort in co-operative endeavor in t his state has r evealed valuable lessons, many diffi<·ulties and disappointments. lt has been the close study of prominent co-opera1ors to overcome these difficulties. \Vork and experience along th ese lines have resulted in the formation of the Pacific Co-operative Lc·a gue. In a few words, the writer wishes to explain this sin1pl<· and novel co-operative enterprise. The Pal' ifi<· Co-operative League, with cent!'al offices in San Francisc.:o, is horn of much past experience. The f'o11 nd r·r·s r·omhinc an extensive experience of co-operation in its theoretica l and practical appl ication both i11 1his state and in Great Britain. W e are often told hy famouS' men that th ey ac<'lllnu late above all else a growing sense of therr own li111itations as they progress in study and knowledge. Th r originators of the Pacific Co-operative f.;eague may not be famous m'en, yet, but they are bl essed with a hrlief in caution and the value of small beginnings. Thr lrague has made som e very stringent rules of oprration, which will in the teUing give the r eader <t fair idea of the work the league is doi.u«. All the husiness of the league is done on a strictly r·ash basis. No goods bought or sold, except for cash. :'\o eapital expenditure can be made till the money is Actually subscribed for . t he purpose. No expense fo r operating ran he incurred that is not positively hrtng ea rned in the business. P.rogress depends upon P<lf' h step being a safe one and self-supporting. The aim of the lrague is to unite producer and r·onsum<'r hy th e shortest possible royte and to do i1 at cost, eliminating the idea of maldng a profit on th e work. In brief, the league r everses the purpose of industry as it. is understood today. Ipstead of making- the n eeds of the community a means of personal profit or selfish interest, it aims to make those needs ihr means of servire to. and better human r elations, in the community. .//; . The basis of the league work is in the mall community or co-operative clubs, which :the league organizers are ~stituting. Neighbors are brought together in groups and their orders foe groceries and merchandise of any de cription are bulked by the secretary, who· for~vards them to the . leag'u e. The league supplies the goods at wholesale, plus only a small addition for co t of ·repacking, and delivery is made direct to t he member or the, club. The entire cost ef r etai'ling is thereby eliminated at one blow. 'fhe league is affiliated with the Co-operative Wholesale Society in San Francisco, a company . of fourteen y ears ' standing, a'nd therefore has an assured source of ~upply for its members' orders. Admission to the group buying clubs affiliated to the league is $5 . only. Tllis entitles the member to · p ermanent huying privileges and involves no liability whatsoever. The charge of $5 is made to cover the tost of organizing. This is the lowest price at which t.h e expense . can hr met at pr;esent. and is made low in . ordrr to affor·d co-operative wholesale buying at cost to all who n eed it. Th e tluh is thP beginnin g. Fr·om this small and in expPnsi,·c start it is hoped to build up co-operative distributing centrrs. As the members of the buying r·lnbs gain eonfitl•'DCP iu co-operatipn, and the managPJ'S of the lengtH', th ey are en couraged to subscribe for ful l mrmlwrship. Full membership costs $105, which r·an be paid hy installments. This entitles the member to an equal vote with nll the other members and an <'qmll share in all th e •woperty rights of the league. No one can ohtairt any intet·est or right in the league that is not oprn to evct·y other m ember and in this wny th e true eo-operntiv charact er of the league IS assured. Th e mo tH'~' eoll ectrrl from membership shares is used to rstn hlish the distributing warehouses mentioned ahovP. TheRe will be run not for profi't , but to distribute J!Oorls nt ns n ear cost as practicable. The ultimat e end in view h'eing the complete control of the p eopl e's husiness. . Th<' hnying p lan of the league secures to t he members an ~vera[\'c r f:!dnction in the cost of living of at least 20%. On groceri es it is a little less; on clothing a!].d other mer chandiRe, more. A saving of from $3 to $5 pet· ton on coal direct from the mine to clubs has been mad e. ' Prominent tnPn all over the United States have given the league their r eady endorsement. �22 The We s t e rn Comrade Syphilization of the Marquesans . By FREDERICK O'BRIEN f':!!!!== =!!!!;i II EY won't work, these Marquesan peopl e with whom I lived five months, and fr·om whose isl a nds, seven degrees below the equator-toward New Zealand! ha \ ' P r·<•tnrned u'nwillingly to civilization. ThPy don't have to work. . ·Their food hangs on trees right over their IH·ads. Thry eat breadfruit iwd cocoanuts and hari<IIHls and oranges, vi apples, ~angos, pist:H·hio n11ts, papayas, alligator pea!·s, rose apples, taro, f1·is. \\';If 1'r<·r1·ss and fish , shrimp, lobsters, crabs and pi'.!s, goats and fl pef. TIH·y don 't do a sf rok<· . TherP is not a tilled li•·ld i11 t l11 · •·il!ht .\ larqu1·sas ~s land s, nor a wagon, nor a whpr]barrow. E\·ery 1n an and (' \ '(' !':' woman has land, and the crops gr·ow without c ultivation. I 111·\·er saw a hoe nor a pl ow. If a ;\larqucsan \\·ants bread fmit h1· yanks it off the trees, and so with eol'oanuts, mangos and all the other seo1·e of fruits, 1111ts and herTies. Th e trees arc practiea II~, in common; the Marquesans today -ar e a brotherhood. If they hunger· for fish or sport, a group of n eighbors, men and women, take A M arques·an Ch ief W ith Beautifull y the C~JiOCS from Tattooed L egs t he .: beach and L-------------------------~ SJWnr· or· snarL• the bonito, nlhicor e, ray and a hundred othel' kinds of fish that spem just. crazy to get t he hook. I hH\'l' hl'Pn with parties that caught a ton in a night's fun . 1f tht>y want a haunch of goat, a side of hPPf, or a ham from a boar, they mount their agile hol'Sf's and ride to the hi lls, where the animals are ·• HhYays to he found. No. They won't w01·k . lt makes the white traders furious. "If those bastards would plant cocoanuts and make copra we'd all be rich in a few: years,'' said an American trader to me. '' Gott in Himmel ! I haf dried und dried to persvade die n.a tives to vork und dey laugh und say nix," said a. German trader with tears in his eyes. They don't need the money. That 's it. They all help one ~moth er btiilding a house or in anything useful. Th ei r cocoanuts they srll to the traders a.n d get tobacco and cloth .and other things they like. 'rh ey wear· flowers in their hair eYery day ; men and women a likr. Nature gaYe them one of the richest soils of t h<' universe. They are the handsomest natural T he Marq uesa ns A re Natural Swim mer s and Boat m en, Good Woodsmen a nd M ou nt ai n Climbe r s peopl e I have ever seen, and I have visited most of the world. They at·e olive or tawny in color, like our folks at the beaches. Tlwy are not n egroes. Their features are almost perfect. But they won't work. '' Ze damn fool don't care for money,'' said a Frenchman to me. "Tonnere de dieu! Zey say ze money ees not worth working for. Zey have ple:r;tty and Z<'Y prefer to take it easy, to sing and dance and �23 The Western Comrade swim in ze water. Sapristi ! Zey are fou, crazee! If zey would work for 60 cents a day we would get ze money like rain. Zey all ought to be shot and bring in ze Chinaman." lives toiling to make those whites rieh f We have enough. A few hours once in a while gathering cocoa'nuts and making copra and we have all w·e want. We don't need the money." I asked a missionary what hs.d the whites brought. "The gospel," he said, unctiously. "Anything else[' I persisted. I Oh, you ref~r to diseases,, . he sai~. "It is sad. The whites: b rought consumptio!J., syphilis-and leprosy;, this last by ·im,Po~ti'ng Chine e coolies· as laborers. 1 They illso brought opium, rum and smallpox and other disease . There were no qiseases here when the whites carrie. 'Phe Marquesans were said every voyager to be the finest race .on eart.h, physically." · "How many Marque an 'vere there when the whites first caineY" I a k ed. ''About '70,000, '' he said; 1 ' the valleys were full of them,'' ·'And now?" ' "Now," said th e. missionary, "there are about 2500. ,, " 'l'he others died feom the diseases the whites brought!" I exclaimed. "Jt is sad but true. They ·were cruel. It was a divin!' disprnsation that · sonw missionaries reached here in time to shed the ligbt of the gospel on the dying people." "But the missionari.es came first, and then the traders and then white government,'' I said tentatively. "That is true, " he said,-"we led the way, as we always do. It is a pity. They are a fine people, but t hey won't work.'' I hy Pascual and His Friends. He is a Physical Gi ant and a Professional Pi lot and Interpreter askrd m~· fr·it•nrl. Pool uhatuha, a man!~·. strapping ft·llo\\·, :thout 1hP plaint of th<· traders. '' \\'hat's the usr ·~" h• · l'l'p lied. "\Yh~· spend our Nursery Rhymes for Read Beside Green Pastures . to the posi·a>ssimt hle. I toryaddition in Kmg-dotn ('onH'. t hP J l'llnty Co r·por·atwn of ?~· ~ .cons~dl'ra N Carry Califo rnia, Oregon and Washington for the Eight-Hour La\v. Education will do it! ./ Little W oodr·ow M lost his goAt; dorsu 't hnow how to retrieve himlie went to ,Tohn D., with a crook in his knee, nut merely just managed to peeve him! terri~ New York still holds to a f'o nsiderable slice of\. ear thly holdings. A recent .r eport shows its total assets incl6.de $15,Hl2,400 of ''productive property. ' ' most of which is "land" in New York City. .T here is at least one saloon on the land owned by the corpor.a tion. The character of a number of other esta»lishments is well known. Fifteen millions in incom e property! You can picture the sweetly solemn scene as t he smug, well fed, well groomed, well cont~nt p arasites sit on plush cushions folding white, pudgy hands across rotund bellies as the priest purrs along with oily unction: "The Lord is my Shepherd; I shall not want." - E d'O. Revolu~onists Little Ree Former sat in a corner Patching t he System's pants ; Th e pant were t hreadbare, but Ree didn't car e; His work was ''constructive' '-perchance. W ise Elbert Hubbard went to his cu 'board to get out his good grindstones, And sharp<:>n his axes to h ew out syntaxes 'l'hat add to his slathers of "bones." Dock and Bill set up a shrill, Sad cry about the slaughter In Jl.'f exico-not her e, 0 , no! At home it doesn't matter. (Very English accent on the last word.) .# - A . F . Gannon• �The Western Comrade Single Tax and Socialism By F-~~==ri N DR. J. E. POTIENGER Th ere are only a few uncompromizing individual ists PKEVlO U ~ discussions I have at. t Pmpt Pd to make the following points: among them. Th11t Socialists generally are not clear 'fhere r emains one importa nt feature of their proon thP land question; that l\farx r ecog- gram for discu!'sion, i. e., the exemption from taxation nizPd it of pr·ime in1portancc twenty on (buildin.gs, et c) and in ( increased fertility, etc. ) yr•ars hPforPGPorge wrote his fir·st. book; · la ud . George admits that it is not easy to d etermine and t hnt it has fa iled to rec'eive the at- thr value of improveme~ts in land, but contends t hat t r·11t ion of Soc ialists " ·hich it· d eser ves. a n approximation of su ch value would be sufficient for· l 'll.douhtPdl,v tiH· sit nat ion is rlll l' to th~· .Tm. . ,·ity with p r·actieal p ur·poses. This exempt ion so vital to the suc,,·hi•·l1 .\l<~r·x tn·nts thr .qrwsti o11 . - .llaJ h t' g i1·en land- cess of the Single Tax~rs, is one which should be conlordism as r·arr·f11 l all a11alysis as hP did c·apitalism, th e sidered car~fully by Soc ia lists. It is perfectly logical <·<Is<· \\'Ou i.J hr· c·f<.a r torla,v. h11t it i,; fair to say that his and necessary fr·om the Single Taxers ' viewpoint, but r·<·Jru: rks 011 r·11 pit nl is!ll c·on1 p!Pt pfy overshadow a nythin g it has absolut ely nothing to do with the ma,in proposiWhir· h \\'as Said Oil 1hr• fa 11d fJll l'StiOil. ( 'ollll'adc Bcr·- tion i; which Socialists are interested, i. c., .the g'l'r's t•ritit·i SIII oJ' .\J a rX Oil this point. e it eU in a prc- dt•struction of land privilege. Land privilege disapl' iOII S papi'T'. indi r·a t l's that he ( Bt>r·ger ) c~ms id c rs that l H:'H l'S 11·heii th<' other sch emes upon which both can nr,rrir·t1lt 11r• · pr·•·s•·nt s a spPr·ial prohl•·m of its o wn, as agr·~.·e :11·e ra rri <'.d out. The exemption of improvements d ist i~~d l'ro111 t iH· land qur·stion eiSP \\'h Pt'P, mining lands, is fa I'Ored by the S ingle T axers fo r the same r eason •·i t_,. l<~llds . Ptr·. T hr· fad; is. t hat· 111(' inc reasi n g vahrf' 1ha t th t•y favor exemption of p ersonals. But to the ol' :1g1 i•·1 iltural !;,nds \\' ith it s ar·r·ompany in g h •nanti'Y Socialists it is d ifferent: we do not accept the r easona11d :d•s•·nt•·r· ln11d lordi sr n is th t· sat ll<: probl em that r:on- ing- of the Single Tax er, and would exempt improvei' rnll h tl1•· \1':1).!1!- \\'ork!'t' in 1ht• •·ity, in mint·s, or t>lsr•- Jllellts on ly on the ground of expediency.. But im\\' III·J·•·. 11'111• 1'1 ' \';tfiiPS of' Jlaturn] opport uniti r•s <11'1' ad- pr0\' "111Cnts genera lly differ from p ersonals in that \':111('11 1[!. th l•y nre for t h e most part fix ed and cannot be con.:\o\1'. ;:inr·t~ t he• ~n lu tion fo r this prohlPIII is urgl·nt. P ersonally, I am n ot l'f'HIPd from assessm ent. we find ourspfl·ps r Pa dy t o t'o ns id t·r· the program of tlw rspc·e inlly concerned with the exemption of improve:->iJ!i!lr· Tnx•·r s \\',, r·an work with them w~t.hont in the ments. It matters little to the \-i' orking class whether fpnst ''o111prornjsi rq::- 0ur· position, fo 1· a ny JIH•asur·e de- thpy are or a r e not exempted; it depends much upon sigll t•.I to tax lanrl to its full valuP. or to soeialize r ent 1hP rnPthod by which assessments are made. :1ncl 11 nPa J·n ed in cr emen t. Th e pmctical question, then, after these various \\' e t·nn also assist thrm in abolishing p ersona l prop- points of agreement ,ave been p ointed out, is : How pr·t y taxation, poll tax and 0thr r discriminatory li- Pnn the full value of la nd be determined 1 Is t here r·rnsr~s. !'t r . They wish to abolish tlw per sonal property a system of valuation which will apply equally to lots. t11 x hPc·ausP of tl~rir peen liar view that the products of improved or unimproved; farm ing land, mines, etc.? labor should 11o1. he taxed. Wr should sef'k to abolish The Single Taxers r ecommend the Somers m ethod of it for 11 differ ent r·eason--on thP gr onnrl of f'X pl·d- va lu ation for city lots. It is n ot r ecommend ed for the iene:v-- l'nr it is impossihl c to src:11rr. an r>quitahle r e- valuation of land in general. Briefly, the Somers systurn. No syst rm of rspionagP is rnpable of listin g tr·m is hnsed upon th e kn own market value of indi1equit nhly this form of prope rty. Th e strong and pow,·idual lots. f rom which .data is constructed a tabl e of Prfnl ean a nd do conr(•al t heir personal property, leav- valuation fo r each front foot. All lots similarly .situing th r· less pr·ivil r~Pd with th e burden to hear. The at ed arc d eclared to have the same valuation. This loss (' on]~· JO'i,. of t he• asscsserl valuat)o n in Cali fornia ) . cnt haphazard and discriminatory m ethod of assessfrom this itPm would he many timrs compensated for ment , hut th er e is plenty of chance for improvement upon it. h~· t:1xing thr privii <'j.!ed on the full value of the only l'hin:.r \\'hi t h ca nnot l1c eon cealcd , that is land. _, The only system of valuation which can eliminate FurtlH•r, the Socialist movement will find much sup- the a rbitrary feature of the Somers system, and which port f rom members of the Single Tax movement, in is of universal application in that it may be used for taking o1·cr· public ntiliti<'s. N in<'ty-five per cent of all land and improvements wh er ever situated, or, for th em n J'f' collectivists in r egar·d t o "monopoly " utilities. whatever purpose usrd , is th e system in which valua- . I �The Western Comrade 25 Pool of the Nymphs Scene c n the Rio del Llano. The photographer declares this picture was not secured by stealth, chicanery or deception. He even says he approached the scene fearlessly and without embarrassment. In fact, he even asks us to believe the lingerie so tastef-ully draped from the trees belongs to M Jther Nature and,the fabric is of ice and spray. li()ns nre ddennined hy <·OillfWiitivc bids. lt is thP t•X1Pnsion of the• system whi ch has bPrn usrd to somP •·XtPnt in Ne"· Zealand . Undrr this plan C'\'ery owner t1f ]and l'Ctllri1S his 0\\'n Yaluation of Janel anfl imprO\'C'11\t'llfs. liP is then taxrd on that Yalu<•. ]n ;H·de1· to d1rek the tendency fo low valuation, a cond<)mnation d ause must be inserted giving the state, or any othe1· individual the right to purchase any land and impJ•oveJII<'Ills at th e owner's vitluation, plus, perhaps, a small rwr ctent. This plan, slightly modifi ed, Jws enabled thP I!OVernnwnt of Nrw 7,raland to tax the g1·eat landod ··states out of ex istenc·e. one of which, the Chcviot •·state of 84,000 acres, was eondemnrd and pu1·chHsed hy the govrrnmrnt and snhdivicl~d. This m ethod would rxtPnd the law of eminent d9111ain to the last unit of land without the present costly system of appraisement and rourt action with its numerous delays. It destroys the incentive to dodge taxes. It is not a 1·bitrary, but puts the owner on his r10nor. The expense of the assessor's office would be a small portion of the present cost. Boards of equaliza- tion wonlo hc• nnn<·•·<·ssHJ':V· Th r din·..t J'c•sult woul <l he I hat ownrrs of land now hPld for spreulation in Califor- nia . upon which pnu·tir:n~ly no tax<>s a1·e paid, would spfJ thrir lands mu ch eheaper than a1·e now asked for t ht>m and the work<>r would havr a ehance to own a ho1n<' or rPnt one for a po1·tio n of the present ]Wice. Thc> lnrgP estnt rs in f'alifoJ"nia would melt in five years. II is diftieult to S<'<' why tht~ingl c Taxer should refns<· to aid the Soc·ialist in Slie{u·ing such legislation, ~in<·e he talu•s prirl c~ in basing his arguments upon natn1·al ];"'·· a nd IH•r,• is a plan which gives absolute fr·Pedom to t lw OWII<'J', whill• the SomcJ'S system is ar·bit I' a J'Y and a I lows no fJ·P<•dom whatsoc•ver· in r eckoning "aln<'s. If this plan should he adopted hy thc .Hocialist Party it rna~ readily he seen why it would not he expedient to exempt improvements, for we would n red to rt>tain the present <·ostly and tedious proeess of apprai·s rment in c>ase of rondemnation. Lastly, w e can work with the Single Taxers in seC'uring Ilomr Rule in taxation, which will be voted upon next November and which, if. adopted, will enable us· to try any system whi ch we desire. �The Western Comrade 26 ·Fable of the Invincible One By A. F. GANNON r.~~~@~~®!!!!!!!!l:l NCE upon a time there was a Young One this-criminal, who takes the bread out of hungry of Great Strength who said In His men's mouths, would set . upon him and belabor him Heart: : if he did so. Therefot"e, I appeal to you to save this ''I am ' strong! But I shall make ·. poor, .starving man, to whom my heart goes · out in " . many Implements that sh~ll add Strength·. s"""'·pathy. "~ unto the Strength of my arm, Until 1 am "Indeed, it is outrageous!" bellowed The Invinci• ~ . become Invincible." ble One, "A-re you not ash.amed to so hector a defe.nse_less hungry man, and perhaps do a lasting injury to \\'hereupon he fashioned niany Implehis digestive and assimilative organs 1" he said, adtll"m upon his ..nerson, and was Inments and pl ",..·ed " ~ 1:' dressing · the culprit, who had not opened his mouth viucible. during the Rubicund One 's arraignment, but being Then srating himself he examined each addition to thus directly questioned, he answered directly: I his Great Strength and burnished them and buffed "No); a damned bit-because I'm right." them, and was proud of his Handiwork. . Th~ Invincible One's ·wrath knew no bounds .. '' Ah, what wonderful things these weapons are!'' "You.!" he thundered at the silent one of the illhe soliloquized,· ''and what great quantities of attired pair. "You accept this excellent and charStrength they add to the Strength that Nature has . itable man's offer of employment! I will protect you! endowed me with ! '' As for this insolent one-I '11 teach him manners!" Arising with no little difficulty because of the comAfter 'J'he Invincibl~ One had repaired to his own bined weight of his weapons, he exclaimed, surprised: satisfaction the Insolent One's lack of early Chester"I must move about more and become accustomed field ian Training, he strode onward, congratulating to 1heir weight, and," he added, after pondering deeply himself en his Great Strength, and _h ow easy it was to for a few moments, "as I shall be unable to follow my administe~: these little _lessons in Deportment. fonner rather pacific pmsuits with all these accoutre'' Ah,'' he again sililoquized, which habit he was ments, I must, of a necessity, enter a new field of fast acquir·ing, "I shall avail myself of every such opactivity. l have it! I will exhibit myself as The In- portunity to aid the oppressed." Which he did, and vincible One! But, the question is, am I really In- became exceedingly proficient in the use of his weapvincible 1 I have had no occasion to use these weapons ons. And his friends, which were Round-bellied and yet, hitving no one to contend with, therefore, how do Few, exclaimed : "What marvelous Rtrength! Such unerring JudgI know if I am proficient in their use?" As The Invincible One passed along thus ruminat- ment!'' • ing, he noted at some .d istance hefore him a gesticulatBut his enemirs, which were Flat-bellied and Leing group of people. C:oming up ,to them he demanded gion, exclaimed: to know what the t1·onble was. 'ruis muscles gr·ow Flabby and his belly Big!" ~' \Vhy! " cried an excit ed man, of wondrous abNow, it came to pass that rumors were brought to dominal g irth and floridity of face, "this-fellow," his ears of a certain Distant One who claimed to be designating, .with utter cont empt and loathing in the Invincible also, and, as he considered himself the Hction, one of t~vo rongh-looking men in the center of Only-Original-Cohen Invinrible One, he was much cast the group, "this fellow refuses to remain any longer Down thereat. in my employ, absurdly claiming as his reason for ''However-,'' he ronclnded. ''I shall be careful in leaving my service, that I do not pay him enough for the use of my long-distance weapons, and in the"meanhis labor to clothe and provision_him properly! . Look time I will make many more al'!d train my friends in upon him! Is he not clothed and fed, as befits one of the use of them.'' his kind ? And not only thus does he . injure me, but So he made .nany more weapons and taught his when I secured this other fel-gentleman in his stead, friends how to use ·them properly when administering at a lesser stipend, he spoke with him and pr~vailed Delsarte-Deportment and Easy-Etiquette Lessons. upon him to ·refuse my .generous offer of employment. · But he fore The Tnvincible One and his friends had Besides, this g-gentleman. is even now hungry, and wearied of these little Swatting-Bees, as they . had I can see that he is still desirous of accepting my offer, facetiously duhhed them, '.i't>e Little Brown One from and would do so but fo• a ,well-grounded fear that afar, who also rlaimed to be Invincible, came wjth a ~ .· ,·0 �The Western Comrade horde of friends, who were flat-bellied, and standing without The Invincible One 's door , cried : ''Bananas! ' ' 'vhich was their war-cry, being vegetarians. ''Money!'' cried The Invincible One at the top of his voice, :w hich was his call-to-arms, but 'his voice being hoarse from having called it so aften in summoning . his friends to the Swatting-Bees, it did not carry far.:· However, those few of his friends who heard, and. whose feet Ohryed, came and rallied · abou.t nirr( an d· asked: "vYbPre Is it-that we may fight for Id" and h·a rnin g that th e propos<>d fight was to be merely for · Tlw Invincihl'e One's H onor , threw down th eir weap- 27 ons in high dudgeon; and set off tow~rd .more_Tropical Climes. So The Invincible One, in h.is extremity, cried out to the Insolent Ones: "Come, Insolent Ones! Y e are many, and I have at great expense taught ye Delsarte-Deportment and . Easy-Etiquette Les~ons until ye are adept! Take up these arms that my late friends have cast away, that your ,Patient Teacher be not humiliated!'' · · W.h.~.eat the Insolent Ones laughed insolently, and taking UP ..tbe " 'eapons drove off the Intruders. Nor was ·t he · Late Invincible . One humiliated bu~ became 'S trong, h ealthy and active again in the' discharging of diver·s and useful duties. MORAL: . Why is an Army ? War Destroys.· Social Ownership A SIDE from tl~ e hon·ors of th e international, official First ·BudapC'st started as a butcher. It established and coll eet lve mm·dt' r now in progress in Eu- in Bu?a, in P est, and in the Altofen district; handsomeropP, th ere ar·p ot her phas<>s of t'he situation that make ly equipped munieipai JTH~at stalls. The stalls were inthe heart siek to eont emplilt <:. Socialists of Europe t end ed for thC' poor·. But as th e meat was better and have built up such ma~nific,mt sti·uctures in their co- cheap C'r th an in private stores, all classes patronized opt' rat iw organizations and in social ownership of the th em. Pri r~es .w ere ahout thrC'e-quarters of the private necessities of li fe that hope bids us believe they will stores ' prices. hr re•: ived after th<> war is over. Nex~ Rndapest. attacked th e pri'v ate bakers. It esTh e !\ic·w York Call quotes from a letter from Curtis tablish ed ·four public ha keries and reduced bread prices Brown, written somr weeks before the crash, in whiclt 7 per cent. The private bakers were obliged to cut thr writ r r says Budapest has sudaenly changed itself down their pi·icC's. Today in Buda and Pest 50,000 from hein g Austr·ia-Hungary 's dearest city to th ~ . families, counting in all 250,000 persons, buy their ehc·apl.'st. This is entirely the result of municipal bread from the city. Doctors say that Bu dapest 's mutrading. bread is purer and more nutritious than the hicipal At a municipal meet ing last month , Burgermeister bread of other Austro-Hungariai;l c:ities. Barny announced that the cost of food in the last four Having e1ttablished its pGlsition as retailer; Budapest years has he<>n r ed need 1 ~1 per cent, whereas in Vienna c:hallenged the producers and distributors. It was in th e same period, th.e average price of n ecessities has movea to this because th e producers of meat, eggs and gone up 14 per cent. , milk in the country r ound have an agreement equivaWhil ~ Vienn a is th e dearest city in Central Europe, to a trust for keeping up prices. The principality lent and suffers from chronic high price riots, Budapest built additional slaughter· houses and behind the trust citizens are rejoicing in general cheapness. farmers' backs began to import cattle, sheep and p igs Austria atJd Hungary have the same tariff system. from remote parts of Hun gary. The only dift'erenc'e is that in Vienna th e storekeeper Th e stock was bought on the spot at low prices, and . makes a big profit, ''' herras in Budapest you now buy organiY.atio11 was transpo~ted to the city at hy good yonr meat , eggs and veg~tahlPs in stores conducted by minimum r·atC's. Th e city brgan selling its own meat, th e city, whieh makr no profit at all. "Our town," in its o"·n stores. Th e fa rm ers .outside Budapest were says H err Barny. "is becoming a universal trader. an gry, hut helpless, and th ey reduced prices. That is th e only wny to figh( high prices.'' Th e t own has lost no mon ey. Th e initial financing Budapest 's initiative in starting )n.unicipal food of its enterp1·ise wa · difficult. ,\ capital of over $1,- · stores is a result of the bread riots of four yea.rs ago. 000,000 had to he invested. Vir n!la rlamored for relief, hut th e Governme'tlt gave Rut thP loss suft'Prrd in severa l municipal enterprises none. 'l'h <.> rimnicipaHy kept to the policy initiated by was c:overcd hy th e profi ts in others. The municipalith e lat P. Bui·germPist cr l,.twger- " handsome Carl " ty 's pr·incipl e, as fa r as possible, is to make no direct thc poli<·y of faYorin ? at aJ! costs th e sma ll storeprofit. ke<>p?r. �The Western Comrade 2 THE WESTERN COMRADE . . . . .43 THESOCIAUST CAMPAIGN.BOOK FOR 1914 Entered as second-class matter at the post olflce at Los Angeles, Cal. 924 Higgins Building, Los Angel es, Cal. . Will give you .up-to-date informaHon about Subscription P rice One Dollar a Year In Clubs of Four Fifty Cents Job Harriman, Managing Editor Frank E. Wolfe, Vol. 2 --~---- Editor September, 1914 No.5 ------------:--'- Cost of Killing ·M en I X TJ YIES of. p ea ce the. greed of the PXploiting class kills many work- ·· l'r·s: Human life is the -cheapest 1hing- u1pitalism owns. 'l'he cost of killing- a worker is nothing. In 1 iml'f; of war·, however·, humanit .v pays a heavy price in gold for f•a~:h lift! takeu. ':!'he scale runs up and runs down. Th P a vcmge cost of killing runs ( in dolla1·s ) about $15,000 to a man. 1 In th(• Boer· war it cost $40,000 to kill a man. · In clolhHs the 1·ost of the life of <·at· h man m the p1·esent war will 1'1111 high . ~houlcl 'I 1·ct urn to my r egiment in FJ'fl ll<'f~ T rnight kill a fe'\i- GeJ'I11 fln eotnJ'fl(lf's at thP cost of, say $20,000 J (•ar·h. _ln tm·n T might be killed at tlH' !'Willi! pr·ice ( in dollars ) . · .\s a p hysician I prcfe1· to try thP J ot hN plan . Whil e studying thr 1 s:1n ita !'y methods in t he Canal Zone I l I1.:a nwd it wst. a hou t $2.4:1 to san i n IJfl'. ln th e zoue Wt' sflved 6 1 ~0 Ji,·,·s flt 11 1·ost of $1!3,000, or· ahout 11H· <·ost of ldllin g one man in wa1·. To ltfl,-<. killed 6130 mrn 111 wa1· \\'Oll ]!l 1111\'P ffil'lll1t a COSt of: $30,- The .Soci~list Movement ' The- Lahor .Movement . Co-oper~tion .Exploitation ·· .:Wage!!' and Hours -~Unemployme~.t . C hild ':bahor· W o~an and .Labor .Industrial . - . Accidents :.Poverty · .. The High Cost of Living White Slavery Crime ·'The Old Parties The Progressives Syndical~sm Concentration of Wealth The Trusts I P rofits Socialists in ·office and ~any. other things of interest to Socialists -and stud~nts· too .many to .mention. .It has been·compiled by the INFORMATION DEPARTMENT OF THE SOCIALIST PARTY and the mQst complete referenc~ book of that character that has ever been- published. - . is Bound in flexi'ble cloth•. 350 pages. 50 ~NTS A COPY. THE WESTERN COMRADE $1 PER. YEAR SPECIAL COMBINATION We will send ·you THE WESTERN COMRADE for one year and THE CAMPAIGN BOOK" for $1. Address Circulation Department, 924 H iggins Buil di.ng, Los Angeles, Cal. (j ;)() .1100. DRESSER. PHOTO CO. \\" lwn "'t san' a life we have an Lantern Slides ;lSS<:>t. Copying Made and Exhibited Enlarging lnstiJH·1s of ltnmanity and supcl'Kodak Finishing-Free Developing stitioll ·kt>e p ns f 1·om using human Mail Orders honr·s fo r· ferti lizer. A dead man 1s 230% SOUTH SPRING ST. ther·efor<:> not au asset . Los Angeles, Cal. Phone A-2298 T shall not r eturn to F.:urope and fight. l t's n poor investm ent .and Subscribers to The W estern Comth<:> ba lance ( in rlollat·s ) is on the ra_de a 1·e r equested to r enew subWI'Ollg • ioc of t hP Jooger.-E t1 '0: scriptions without d elay. 'l'he magazine is entering a new era and F-5849 it will be the aim of the publishers Main 1407 This Stands f~ to~ ma:k e it better and brighter each · Con- issue. The magazine - merits your t he _B est 1n .fections.• <;reams _support and prompt renewals are .. an d . I ces -:- -:- 427 SOUTH BR0 ADW AY THE JONES BOOK STORE 226 West First St., Los Angeles, Cal. Headquarters for the best Socialist books and literature. No skinning. - One price to' all. C. A. WILSON The Watchmaker and Jeweler at the Union Labbr· Temple, 532 Maple Avenue,. Los Angeles, is a union watchmaker., ALL PRICES RIGHT U. S. W. V. Roosevelt Camp No. 9, I. 0, 0. F. No. 150 Louisiana, ,J{. ot P. No. 186 Louisiana. · ---------------"It's In the Mountains" THE 8 • c. FEDERATIONIST Finest labor paper in Ca.n ada. R. Parm necessar·y to the success of the pub- Pettiplece, managing . editor. Address lic~t ion. Labor Temple, Vancouver; B. C. �The Western Comrade PAl:CITY OF CAPACITY James started his third helping of pudding with delight. '' Once upon a time, .James,'' admonish ed his mother, "there w.as a littl e hoy who ate too much pudding, and he burst! " J ames considered. '·There ain't snc·h a 1hing as too much pudding, " li P drcided. ' ' Th crf' must be, '' continued his mot lwr. '' else why did the little boy hurst '1 " Jamrs passed his plate for th e fo urth tim e, o;;aying: " ~ot enough l•oy . ' '- Th r ::\fnltitude. HO~OR TO PRESIDENTS Here's One Maga-zine ·You Want ! \Yh<·n [jnde Rod, the old colored · 1nan "·ho worl<ed about the place, t·amr on e morning, l\Irs. Stone said: " \\-ell, Uncle Rod, I hear you h'avr anothPr pair of twins at your housr. ' ' " Y rs 'm ," said Rod. "Done named 'rm aftah two ob de fust presdents of dis country." ''Indeed ! '' said ::\Irs. Stone, " whir·h two?'' "01<> Christofo C'lumhus an ' .Tu1yo us Ca esar, ' ' said the old man. ·: \\" r ·s g-reat on namin' de ehillun fo' dP pr·ps'dents 't our house."~ational ::\fonthly. ON THE DOG WATCH \\' illit· "·as stl'llggling throu gh th e ~tor·v in his reading lesson . "' No, sair( thr Capta in, ' lw r ead , '' 'it was not a sloop. lt was n largrr vessel. By tht• rig 1 judged her to he a-aa-n-n-- - - . " TIH· word was n ew to ·ltim. " HnrCJtH'. ' · snppli<>d the t eacher. ' Sti ll Willit• hcsitatrd. " Barqu r, '' r·e1wated 1hr t eacher, this tinw s harply . Will ie looked as though he had not hi'! Hrd aright. Th en, with an apprrh cnsivc glance around the class, he shouted: ''Bow-wow!'' THE OMNJBUS "Wher·e, " said th e land agent, addressin g an audience of posihle purchasers, "where else on the face of th e globe will you find in one place copper. tin, iron, cotton, hemp, grain, game--" A vo'ice r eplied: "In the pockets of my youngest son.' ' Charles Edward Russell "The reason why I advise all persons that believe in a free press to support Pearson's Magazine is because Pearson's is the only great magazine that is free." Pearson's Magazine is the only magazine of its kind. ·Its form enables it to depend on its readers alone- on advertisers not at alL' It can and· does, therefore, print facts whiCh no magazine that depends upon advertising for a living can . "afford " to print. It does print such facts every month. Every ·issue con- tains the truth about some condition which affects . your daily welfare, which you want to know and which you can find nowhere else. Besides, it prints as much fiction and other entertainment as any general magazine. If you want one radical magazine to live and grow ,sub!icrib~toPea_rson's. . Pearson's is the only big magazine in America in which the Socialists get an equal opportunity with others to present their case, not occasionally but in every issue. The case for Socialism is presented by the leading Socialist-writers of America, including Allan L. Benson and Chas. Edward Russell. One copy will con'{ince you that you want Pearson's. On the newsstands, 15c per copy. By the year, $1.50. . • Here's Another Magazine You Want The Western Comrade The only illustrated Socialist magazine west of Chicago. It is excelled by none in America. Hundreds of subscriptions are re aming in from Socialists who are anxious to keep in touch with news of the d evelopment of the Llano del Rio Colony. Our aim is to make the magazine better and brighter with each issue. Subscription by the year $1. COMBINATION By special arrangement with Pearson's we will send you THE.. WESTERN COMRADE and PEARSON'S MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR $1.25 Address Circulation Dept., 924 Higgins Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. �'30 The Western Comr'ade Tele,phone Home A-4633 HARRIMAN & RYCKMAN Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. F-1692 Broadway 1592 A. R. HOLSTON Attorney at Law 331-2 Douglas Building Los Angeles, Cal. CHARLES ~ MORGAN Attorney and Counselor at Law and Notary Public 1010 California Building, Corner Secoad and Broadway Home Phone A 3913 L~s Angeles, Cal. Home F-2164 Notary Main 7618 GOLDMAN & SHAPIRO at Law Attorneys 537-8-9 Douglas Building 3rd and Spring Sts. Los Angeles, California Harry A. Goldman Chaim Shapiro Compliments or JAMES R. TOWNSEND Suite 712, San Fernando Building Fourth and Main Streets Los Angeles, Cal. Main 619 Home A 2003 A. J. STEVENS Room 514 Dentist 306 South Broadway Los Angeles, Cal. JOHN HERMAN, B. SC. Assayer and Chemist do not guaranteed 'satisfaction I guarantee accuracy \ 262lh South Main St., Los Angeles, Cal. Phone A 2299 All Work Done In Duvllcate I William Francia Seeman, registered patent attorney and mechanical engineer, successor to Arden & Seemann, 416-17-18 Cltlz.ens' Bank Building; patents ~til countries; specializing Intricate and dltficult mechanical, chemical, electrochemical and metallurgical cases. F 5743, Main 9474. Insurance, all kinds. P. D. Noel, 921 Higgins Bldg., Los Angeles. Phones : Sunset Main 8400, Home 10711 ED. WINFIELD Halftone Photo Engraver and Zinc Etcher Color Engravings· Record Building, 612 Wall St. 1 EASY WAR TERMS ENCOURAGING NEWS Neutral Territory - Convenient The eminent physi6ia.ns had been spots on the map to quarter your called in consultation·. They had retroops at the expense of the spots. tired to another room to discuss the Pre-dreadnought--A warship built patient's condition. In the closet of day before yesterday. that room a small boy had been conUltimatum-Keeping the other. cealed by the patient's directions to min waiting while you complete the listen to what the consultation definishing touches. . cided and to tell the patient, who Mobilization-WJ10les'ale death no- desired genuine information. tices served in ad'Vance to friends · "Well, Jimmy," said· the patient, and neighbors. . ' when ·the boy came to report, "what -}.facliine Gun_:_,Labor.·s aving kill- did they sayf" ing device. ''I couldn't tell you that,'' said Maritime Supremacy-The prize the boy; "I listened as hard as I awarqed to the most'successful mur- could, but they used such big words. derer,-:,_J.Jife. I couldn't remember much of it. All I could catch was when one doctor GREAT CONSTRUCTIVE GENIUS said: '''Well, we'll find that out at !the By turning out . a • mi.(Cture of crushed, stale bread and cheap roo- autopsy. ' '' ]asses and caJ!-ing 'it a breaokfast food, and grinding peanut shells into a WHY NOT TELL' HER. · a 11ed su bs t't f ff C. W . so-c 1 ute or co ee, Fair Stranger-How much has Post, who recently c'o mmitted sci- Mrs. Gadabout Tomlinson on deposit eid<> itt Santa .BI).rbara, amassed a here? fort)lne of $20,552,380·. Bank Teller--1 cannot tell you. Why did not the press expose this Fair Stranger-Why, I thought monum ental fraud ? \Veil, one rea- .vou were the "teller!" son was that another part of this man 's alchemy was to purchase the FRO~AGE press-bribery through the advertismg colunms. "Paw! Say,Paw!What's 'sabot:vr anv morals are obvious. Hones- age' mean?'' ty is the best policy. Virtue finds "Gee whiz, Bobby! Don't them its own reward, etc.-take your tea<> hers of yourn learn you nothin' choice. or· writP a moral of your own. at all no· more? It's cheese, Bobby, just ordinary green cheese ! , ' TOO l\-IUCH MOONLIGHT It was a beautiful evening and Ole, What are you doing for the cause? · who had screwed up courage to take How many applications have you Mary for a ride, was carried away turned in to the secretary of your by the magic of the night. • local ? "Mary," he asked, "will you What about subscriptions for Somarry me ?" cialist pu hlications? ; 'Ycs, Ole," she answered softlY.. Get busy and send in a club list Ole lapsed into a silence that at of not less than four to the Western last became painful to his fiancee. Comrade. "Ole," sh e said desperately, "why Sec our club rate offer; 50 cents don 't yon say something?" a yea r when they come in fours. "Ay tank," Ole replied. "they bane too much said already.'' 100 Per Cent Settlement SEA'!' OF HER EMOTION JOSHUA E. YOUTZ A girl who saw the Atlantic Ocean Insurance Underwriter for the first time was standing on 360 1. w .' Hellman Building th e bearh, gazing dreamily over the Los Angeles, Cal. Tel. A-455'1 eX:rans<> of foaming water. "So this is the first time you've ever seen .tfhc ocean?" said her es- Every evening till 6. Sundays 11 to 12 Oscaf -WINBURN-Charlea C.or. t "Yes, th e verv first time." THE WORKINGMAN'S LAWYERS "And what do yon think of it?" 700 San Fernando Bldg., Los Angeles "Ah !" she sighed in ecstasy, "it Phone A-3638 smells jnst likr oysters. " -Argonaut. NOTARY PUBLIC �31 The Western Comrade SOME INCUBATION ''Speaking of h ens, '' said truthful Bill, ''reminds me of an old hen my dad had on a farm in Dakota. She would hatch out anything from a tennis ball to a lemon·. · ·w hy, one day she sat on a piece of ice and hatched out two quarts of hot water.'' " That doesn't come up to a clubfooted hen my old mother once had, '' said one of his hearers. " Th ey had heen f eeding her by mistake on saw~ dust instead of oatmeal. ·w ell, she laid twelve eggs and sat on them, and when they were hatched eleven of the chickens had wooden legs and 1he twelfth was a woodpecker.'' I REVOLT IN MEXICO I THE PARASITE The schoolmaster was giving his t· la ss a littl e serious talk about laziJH•ss, and was drawing a picture of th e habitu al loafer and his ultimate fate. "Now, who," he asked dramatically, "is the miserable, worthless, wretched individual who gets food, t·lothing and shelter from his fellows and gives nothing whatev er in return ?'' There was an instant 's breathless silPnce, and then a small voice ehirp ed: "Please, sir, the baby!" J,O\V JN THE SCALE Th e child-labor law in New Jersey having gone into effect, it is said that a great many parents who hitherto have dep end ed upon the labor of their children are now at their wits' end to liv e. The factory owners have naturally (or unnaturally ) made 'th e most of this. Th ey have discharged children over fourteen (the age limit ) in order to intensify the di.stress. This illustrates in what a bad way any state may find itself when it has come to d epend upon children for the support of its working classes. - Life. Read the Co~rect Interpretation of Underlying Motives m the .Most Remarkable and Valuable Book of the Year The Mexican People-The.i r Struggle for Freedom I -By- L. Gutierrez de La.ra and Edgcumb Pinchon ' l' 'l' l' Eugene V. Debs says: "• • • It is written from the point of view of the working class, the tillers of the soil, the producers of the wealth, and shows that through all these centuries of toil and tears and blood and martyrdom they have b een struggling for the one purpose of emancipating themselves from the tyranny of a heartless aristocracy, buttressed on the one }~and by the Roman Church and on the 'other by the military power." l' l' l' Georgia Kotsch says: "• • • It strips the glamor of b@n evolent moti es from the dealings with Mexico of the United States and other countries and presents th e stark truth that Am er-ican and world capitalism has been, and is, in league against the proletariat of Mexi co for its own sordid interest. And while the Mexican master class is depicted as the most depraved and bloodthirsty in history, the Socialist will see that the story of the Mexican proletariat is in greater or less degr ee and in varying circumstances the story of th e proletariat in every country.'' qUICK ACTION I '!'he amateur gardener saw an ad I l' l' l' in a farm paper. Th e ad· r ead as foll ows: " How to remove weeds without labor. TPn minutes does th e trick. Price $1.50 Send $2 for recipe.' ' W <· will send you this book and The Western Comrade for one Th e amateur gardenet' sent the Two cla?S later he received th e year for $1.50. l't>l' ipe. It read as follows: I "1\Tarry a widow ." '--------------------------------• Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. $2. 1 �The Western Comrade 32 WoRKERS WAN~ED LLANO DEL RIO COLONY~ in the Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County~ California,· needs hundreds of men and their families This is an opportunity of a lifetime to Solve the problem of unemployment and provide for the future of yourself and children . We have land and water, machinery and experts at the head of each department of pr.o duction and construction. Experienced ranchers are in demand, but such experience is not absolutely necessary. Men and women of nearly all useful occupations will find their place in this colony. Especi al need for a tailor, a blacksmith, carpenter, cement worker, experienced bee - keeper, baker and cook, expert poultryman and a stockman. Every member an equal shareholder in the enterprise. Every worker to get the full _social product of his efforts. Co-operation 1s not merely a WORD-it is ACTION For full particulars address MESCAL WATER AND LAND CO. JOB HARRIMAN~ President 924 Riggin·. Building. Los Angeles Cal. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1914-09 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914-09 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v02n05_191409 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-18 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v02n05 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States -- California -- Los Angeles County -- Los Angeles -- Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/cc5ee743b154a13e675e3eb2dc93d15c.pdf a0eda9fdae2b4c6463e1550143e08142 PDF Text Text ,. Formerly "THE,'iWESTERN COMRADE"· . ---~ . JU-NE, 1918 Price 10 Cents George Bernard Shaw, on The lnternatiqn . --. ------The-·--Future the · Socialist .Party . ----.. -....__of _ --- -· -~ - - ~ - ' - ·- ·· · - By RALPH KORNGOLD ~- --~- - - ~ "- ....._ __ . .... . , Is Compulsory Military Service De.$b~ble?· ... , . · -A SYMPOSIUM ·~- Christianity and Pacifism · By R. B. WHITAKER , . ... Fighting With Co-operation Bz_ C. F. LOWRIE The- ~nee of Theosophy By SCOTI .CLOUGH _ · ·-M·'l", !ltf .ei �..._,.-'I, / -- -· - Land Secured Memberships From the v ~ ry fint the question h as been asked regarding the selished, which will marke t their goods for the m at a sav ing, which will curity that would be given the investor. Heretofore, it has not b een assist them in purchasing, a nd which will in other ways secure them the c ustom to give such security. But now the a rrangements have been a greater share in the product of their labor, and save them from czploicomple ted w hich permit members to be LAND SECURED. ta tion in many ways. The Llano · Co-operati ve Colony is the dnly one which h as ever been HOW TO PURCHASE A LAND-SECURED MEMBERSHIP organi~d to combine this security of ownership wi th the adva.1tages ot complete co-opera tion. First send for ap Applicaiion- for Membe rship form. This must be Unde r the new arrangement, every member is taken in on probation. secured from, the Membership Department ·. of the Llano Co-operative This is protection to .the colony, protection to the member himself, proColony at Stables or Leesville, Louisiana. The post office address is Leesville; the colony is a Stables. tec tio n lo every other me mLe r. This application -form will ask many questions. It will be passeil on Under this sys tem. each membe r may come to the colony on prob;~­ by the Membe rship Department of the Board of Directors. If it is action . They w ill not be accep ted on a ny o ther grounds. cepted, the member may then pay out and will be given a deed to a Expeirence h as li\u1:ht the colony tha t this is th'e only just and fair way. trac t of for ty acres or more of land. -~ A membership in the colony is conditional o n a year's residence a nd The inc01ning niember is sold a t rac t of 40 or more ac res o f la nd. work in the colony, · a nd canno t be secured before this time. When the He is given a d eed to this la nd a nd it is his. Arrangements a re made I fu ll required amou nt is paid in acco rding to the scale below, l11e membeq' a t the same time to come into the colony as a Probation Member. Probation mclnbe rs will have every right and privilege as regula r colis permitted to bring his family to the colony, to occupy a colony hou;;e ony members du ring the proba tion period except the 1 ;ght to vote. [ a nd . to be employed. by the colony just as. o ther members arc_H1s rate of pay w1ll depend on the preva1lmg wage bcmg pa1d, a•nd A t any time during the probation year, the membe r may make up may vary w ith condi tions, but all stock-ho lders in the colony arc paid his mmd to ta ke his t rac t of la nd instead o f rema ining in the colony. according to the same wage scale, no matter what the work they are In this case his con trac t o f employment is annulled, a nd he is f rce to do as he w 1shcs regardin g his la nd . ' d oing may be. Those who a re contempla ting ultimate membership are paid on the same basis as regular members, a nd their families a re paid. At a ny time that th e Probation Member is found not to be true to the colony's best inte;esls, tha t he is unfair to the oth e r comrades, or A contrac t of employment is entered into between the p rospective member and the colony which sta tes specifically h is relation to the tha t he fads to do his duty <•S a colonist or ma kes himself undesirable, colony. Wh en the yea r is up h e becomes a regular member, as herehe may h ave his contrac t of employment a nnulled, in which event h e may go to his land. This is the colo ny's protec tion ~gains ! the chronic tofore explained. trouble-make r, the pe rso n \vho comes to s tir up dissension, the rnan The cost of memberships was raised on May I, 191 8, a nd put o n a sliJing scale as follows: o r woman who is opC'ra. ting within the colony for purposes other th a n I the colo ny's w elfare. The colony h as had such persons; it now has Single ma n, $ 1,000 Add for wife, $200 Dependent over 20, $200 Dependen t, 12 to 20, $150 Dependen t under 12, $100 a convenient me thod of ridding it self o f them. From this table it will be possible to compute very easily the cos1 or A t inc end of the y ea r, if the new member discove rs tha t he likes e ntrance fee for memberships. This table is based on the cost of the colo ny. and if in the mean time his records arc clean and he is tho t to be wholly desirable as a colo nist, he has the privilege of excha nging _~l~i~~~~~~ -~r.i!tg~~~!J'~- .... -·-- ...--- ..,_~'----'---­ ~ his deed to land for s toc k in the co lony_y'!~L"-'JU1'1"'o;,; ,fig . ~ fJit -tted.;~j WARNING AGAINST ALLEGED AGENTS ~ member. , . - . . / -' ~ There a re various persons a nd associa tions purporting lo sell s lock WljAT MEMBERSHIPS MEAN w ith membership privileges in the colo ny. In tho past there h ave been persons who found themselves unable J'o NO STOCK IS BEING SOLD WHICH G IVES MEMBERSHIP PHIVadapt themselves to the colony . Many of them were p e rsons who ea rnLEGES! estly desired to do so, and they were much disappoin ted a t no t being The o nly way to become a member in the Llano Co-operati ve Colony able lo gel the p leasure and enjoyment a nd benefit from the colony i< th ru the p urchase of LAND-SECURED MEMBERSHIPS. The o wnerthat they sho uld h ave, and tha t o thers did. It was no t their fa ult ; ship of stock in the Llano del Rio Company does ~ot o f itself give a ny they simply could no t ad apt themselves . ri ghts of reside nce . unde r the new La nd-Secured Membe rship plan, such pe rsons may go . Those expec ting to purchase stock, those h olding stock, and those to their la nd, d evelop it, farm indi vidually, live in close proximity to now under cont rac t o f purcha se of stock sho uld correspond w ith the the colony, and enjoy many of its advantages a nd bcnf·flt ~ , n~3is lin g in colo ny. Installment members are par ticula rly warned against p u rchasthe building of the Co -ope rative Commonwealth. ing stock from any source o ther tha n the ma in o ffices of the MemberThen the re arc those w ho fear that they may no t like the cvlony and ship Depa rtme nt. Seve ral persons h ave been defrauded by p urch asfear to pu t thei r money into the colo ny. Under the new La nd-Secured ing wha t they 'believed to be legitima te stock, carrying working con· Membership plan they do so with the full knowledge that they h ave o ne trac ts, or the privileges of living a nd working a t the coiO!IY· The yem in which to make up their minds, a nd tha t during tha t year they colony will not be responsible unless these instruc tions are followed. will be living in the colo ny and will be employed by the colo ny. It NEW MEMBER'S WORKING CONTRACT they decide · that they can do better alone, then the privilege is open at all times to do so. During h is probatio n yea r, the n~w · membe r will be employed in the colo ny, working a t the industries or o n the main body o f the colony COLONY DEVELOPMENT PLANS reservation, the Llano Plantation. He will not work on his own land The p lan for developing the colony will no t b e changed in a ny res · du rn g tha t time. He will be in every respect o n the same footing as all peel. A large cent ral body o f 6000 o r more ac res of land will be d eregular members. He w ill be paid a wage. live in a colony house, en· veloped for the colony. and will b e farmed co-operatively to such joy the benefits and advantages o f colony life. Only in the event that crops as arc best adap ted to this locality ad to the soil, an<l which he makes himself ohnox iou~ to the o ther colonists, o r h imself d esires promise the bes t re turns. The building of a c ity which shall havo !h e to leave will this be ch an~ed. Othe rwise a t the e nd of a yea r he exmosl beauty. the ulmos ~ convenience, the greates t effiicicncy, anJ lhc changes his land fo r a regular stock -membership. However, if he demost striking ch araclc risticr., combining w ith these things comfo rt and c ides tha t he d oes no t like. the colo ny he can a t a ny time go o n to his ori!-\inality, will be carried ou t. No definite time is set; the work w ill o w n la nd and develop it according to his own idees. be carried o n as rapidly as possible. ')bus the new Land-Secured Membe rship does not ch ange the relaThe huge 16 .000-acre planta tion will be developed as rapidly as ho ns of the colony to the member, b ut me rely gives h im this additional possible. The 6.000 acres or more reserved for the colony will be security . Most of tho se wh o come will never go to their land , pro· d eveloped first. T he land securing memberships will b e sold contiguhably. but will always re~in as colo nists. o us to or n ear this colo ny reserva tion, but no t in it, for the colony •Membership Department would no t wan t it cut up into p riva te h oldings. Industries will be established as rapidly as circumsta nces justify. LLANO DEL RIO COLONY Those who decide to take their land and' fa rm individually should d eStables, Louisiana rive much b enefit from the co-operative industries which will be estab- j .I ·· •• , LMI.~:5£CURED - �Political Action C o - o p e r,a t i o s D 0 "The Most Constructive Magazine for Socialism in America." E. . N ' ATI Formerly "TH.E WESTERN N LIST COMRADE" Entered as second-class matter November 4th, 1916. al the postoffice at Llano, Cal., under Act of March 3, 1879. Application for entry as second-class matter at the postoffice at leesville, La., pending. JOB HARRIMAN ............ Managing Editor ALANSON SESSIONS........Associate Editor. ERNEST S. WdOSTER....Business Manacer ---- - - - ·-- -- - · - ----- - ... - - - - Subscription Rate: $1.00 a year; Ca~ada, $1.25; Single copies, JOe; Clubs of Five -o.r more (in U. S.) $3.00. Publishers and others are invited to copy at will from THE INTERNATIONALIST, but are asked to give credit. In making change of address, always give your former one so that the mailing department may be· certain that the right name is changed.' Please do not send subscriptions, changes of address, complaints, etc., to individuals. ·Address ALL communications to The Llano Publications, Leesville, L'a. Tbe Internationalist neither approves nor disapproves the seqtiments expressed in contributions not signed by one of the editors. Vol. VI. No.2 By Job Harriman U PON the breaking out of the war, Germany sta rtled the world wi th siege guns. Necessity dema nded that the Allies employ similar guns for defense. Again Germa ny attacked her enemies with poisoned gases. And again the Allies were forced to employ the same· methods to save themselves from annihilation. Again Germany startled the world by dropping bombs from flyin g machines on London and other And again the Allies were forced to meet any with similar machines. it is reported that Germany ts convertii1g the of those who die from wounds into nitroglycere those who are killed outright a re said to be into oleomargerine for table use. possible that we will be forced to adopt this will win the war. its e fficiency will be measnot by ethical reasons but by the qua ntity, quality· and availability of the supply. If it is true that 400,000 Germans were killed in two weeks, the supply would seem abundant and the quality sufficient. Saving this world for democracy. seems destined to brutalize the race. Whether the' outcome will be better than it would have been under Wils~n's early peace policy is indeed a grave question. T -----o- HE ra ilrpads, under private ownership, broke down under mands came the stress of business when wa r dethem. The Government· came to their rescue, put affairs in order, increased the efficiency, handled vastly larger amounts of frei ght and ~ade a larger profit than the railroads have made in previous years. Therefore: - The law provides that the Government should return the roads to private control soon after the war is over. Wha t fool s we mortals be! --0-- THE first installment of wealth conscription Js now on. Why not? If it is right to conscript human energy, it must be right to conscript the product of human energy. . Wha t was wrong under old conditions may become right under new cotiditions. If it has become right by reason of necessity for the goverumcnts of the earth to conscript the wealth of the nations, it may yet become right for the common pie of the world to conscript the bonded indebtedness of the world. Necessity knows no law. - -o- - N ONRESISTANCE in Russia , if properly understood, will become a most powerful factor against Germa ny and indeed, world, autocracy. The war was started by Germa ny .on the theory of the defense of the fatherland against Russia. To this standard the German people rallied. But the war is being ended by the annexation of vast nonresistan t Russian territory. Against this standa rd the German people will rebel. ( �,. The German people, led by the German Socialists, are with the people of Russia and against the despotism of the Kaiser. The people of the Central Powc:rs fear a victory by the Allied governments. The people of the Allied countries fear a victory by the governments of the Central Powers. But the people of either belligerent power do not fe c.r the people of the other. An offer by the Allies to the German people to open the ports and the wat_~;r highways of the world to all peoples alike; to disarm all nations; to abandon all ideas of victory; to abandon the idea of conquest or forcible annexation ; to grant absolute freedom and self-gove rnment to every people; to establish a United States of the World: -this would start a revolution in Germa ny and end the war with the downfall of autocracy. ---o-- W AR profits have trebled the number of millionaires and qu adrupled the number of mul timillionaires since 1914, and their, high prices have impoverished the people that made s~ch fo rtunes possible. Wages have been increased a little, but prices have gone up enormously. The difference in the advance in prices over wages expresses the amount of which labor has been robbed. The earnings of labor therefore, should not be touched until all the profits and property of the profiteers have been taken. I . Conscription of the profits of the profiteers. 2. Conscription of the wealth of the profiteers. 3. Conscription of all other wealth proportionately. 4. Con scription of the bonded indebtedness, if necessary. If the war is right, this program is right. The people will support the program while food lasts. The profiteers will fight it. Their patriotism is born of profits. Their war fever will die with wealth conscnptlon. Wealth conscription \\ill last while the war lasts, even though c"anscription takes ~so the dregs. We are in the war, and wealth as well as life will pay the penalty. -o-- T HE conservation of food is now the all important world question. . Wheatless days, porkless days, meatless days, with prices soaring higher and ever higher, means that a famine is rising like a wave of creeping paralysis over the world. What has hitherto been a world que~ion is now rapidly becoming a personal question. The war is forcing us to Hooverize food. The fatnine will force us to Fletcherize it. Hooverizing food is reducing the quantity. Fletcherizing food is chewing it until it is a liquid and all taste is gone, before swallowing. If Fletcherized, one_ haH the food we now eat will nourish us better than we are now nourished. Our lives will soon be judged by this standard. The day of judgment is near at hand. The judge. is .stern . and relentless. His name is Famine and his judgment is "Fletcherize or death!" -o-- W E ARE all very freakish at times. Ideas that are approved today are condemned tomorrow. Some like the thought because they like the man who uttered it. Later, if they form a dislike for the man , they dislike the thought. This seems impossible, but it is true even among Socialists. We have known men to approve our editorials, and object only because they wished the editorials were more radical. Later, while angry, they disapproved them, thought they were too radical, and sought to _arouse the authorities against us because we wrote them. This is a terrible picture of a Socialist mind. He is not a Socialist? Tell him so and a fight is on. The fight will convince him that he is and you he is not, a Socialist. It is apparent that an editor of a Socialist has a difficult road · to travel. If he is too radical, the authorities will suppress If he is too conservative, the Socialists will him . If he is not absolutely clear a1id conciie, his will misconstr~e him . Yet hope sustains and charity makes life -o-- E NGLAND and the United States have recently seized many Dutch ships and put them into ser- VlCe. The conservative press finds that this: is a violation of international Jaw and hold~ up-. its' tnds in holy terror against the act, crying' "No pre ent! " "No . law!" Of-course, there IS no law. All law ends when war begins. Were the old laws sufficient, wars would ·not develop. Being insufficient, and all commercial ..1ations being ; { �to agree upon a new rule of action, they resort During hostilities they do whatsoever they have the to do in line with their interests. Such acts become the rule of action for the future. Hitherto, it has been .wrong, but henceforth it will right to seiz.e the ships of weaker ne~tral powers and press them into service. · Thus commercial law is born and its wisdom ( }) ' fested. he cannot see the degrading ncies of brute force} --o-LOVE! premium upon good character by sending a thrill of joy through the heart of the rightfor every righteous act. Thus it blaz.es a pathway ever-increasing happiness through a world of tribuations, to a haven of blissful wisdom. It opens the heart and mind of all by the touch of magic wand. It demands honesty and good faith and yields in rern absolute liberty. It open s beautiful fields of activity on every hand bids its children welcome. --o- GREED! undermines and destroys character; adds ambition to power and bitterness, and anguish of to both. leads into entangled briers and quagmires, blindits eyes with deceit and robbing itself of under- !:?orne are opposed to taking. part in the 'war; some are in favor of it. The same is true of the entire citizenship. \ Those who are opposed to the war are, for the most . part, believers in the doctrine of pacifism. . They are not cowards. They · will · for their convictions. Neither are those who believe in war cowards. They will die for their convictions, No man is a coward . who will lay · down his life for his convictions. · The pacifist would rather be killed than to kill. We find pacifists among the Socialists and among all religious denominations. We find them also among the general citizenship. ·What are ·we to do with thoie who oppose war be- . cause they believe it wrong to kill-who would be killed before they would kill? · What shall we do with this fact? Every pacifist, who, upon oath, declares that he would not take life, should be excused from combatant service, just as a juryman who is opposed to capital punishment is excused from jury service. I am more than confident th~t. as a compromise, ninety-live percent of the pacifists would render most efficient non-combatant service while they would die or go to prison rather than render combatant service. Opening the opportunity for non-combatant service to all such persons would unite the forces in the United States in a manner that each could render service in keeping with his conscience. Better "by far have a united country with the service of all in this manner, than a disunited country, however large or small the factions may be. die A • --o-- RE the Socialists of Russia responsible for German . success in the far East? Many capitalist papers and magaz.ines are flaunting this theory before the world. They are still clinging to capitalism. They do not know it is dying. They do not know it is dead in Russia. \ is being ~rn They do not know that the new order FTER a year of struggle and disappointment, the ./ Socialist party of the United States is beginning . now among the Slavs. They do not scent the decay of the old. see that the policy outlined by the Majority report They will not know the new when it comes. at St. Louis was it profound mistake. Forgive them: they know not what they do. They goes without saying that Socialists have always · war. For a quarter of a century we saw con- belong to the dying past. Let the dead bury their dead. developing that were leading directly to this --o-and ~e did all within our power to avert it. dwells in the mansion of prospective possibilH ~~E Ities. country is engulfed, what shall the SoDespair dwells in the mansion of prospective impossishall we take? bilities. . closes evety honest heart and mind against it, treachery ·as its stepping-stone upon which it deinto intellectual bondage. pillages every field it enters, ravishes everything bewilders every heart in which it dwells , and of all. --o-- -- �Page six ., Will Birth Control Decrease Prostitution? No one can give a guarantee:J answer . to ~his question. The evidence is not all m. But Judgmg from the experience of those countries where birth control inform <.tion has been most easily and longest accessible, and considerin g some of the most persistent impulses in huma11 nature, it is a fair prophecy that birth control will ·s ubstantially lesse n prostitution. The two so rb of men who mostly patronize prostitutes are th e youn g men. who cannot afford to marry, and the married men whose rela tion s with their wives are rendered abnormal by th e fea r of unw a nted pregnancy. Knowledge of reliable scientifi c methods of contraception can hardly fail to lessen th e pros titution evil in both in stances. N ~thin a in modern civili zation is more tragic and more of a n outrag0e upon nature th an that young people of the mating age should be driv en by economic necessity to lead lives that a rc either sexu ally sta rved or sexu ally perve rted . More a nd mo re youn g men and women a re afraid to marry for fea r th ey ca nnot pay th e bill s of a family. Ca n th ey be blamed? Eve n be for e the wa r, the cost of li vin g was goin g up ste adily, and the a vera ge fa ther of a famil y wa s ea rnin g less th a n $500 per yea r. Since th e war, th e purchas in g power of th e dollar has dropped to 47c and th e a veraae in crease in waoes is not more th a n 20 percent. In som e ~cc upation s th ere "'ha s bee n no increa se wha tever. Under such circum sta11ces to deliberately brin g littl e folks into th e world becomes almost crimina l. T o do it unintention ally is to be victimized by a cruel situation in which the parent s suffer, the children suffe r, and society suffers. But this is what people face, who marry without knowled ge of birth control. How different is the ca se with knowl edge ? Ih ~n th e youn g folks can na turally marry when they fa ll in love- say itl th eir ea rly twenties. They can spend th e first few years getting adjusted to each other while both of the1~ a re earning money. They can hope to tuck away. a httle safety bank account for the babies, and then- say in th eir late twenties or early thirties- they can let the babies come, knowin g that they will be welcomed, and will be fairly secured from want. Under such circumstances, with mental strain and nervous ~pprehet;sion reduced to the minimum, well-ma ted _youn? married people are fre e to develop a secure compamonsh1p that not only provides a splendid foundation for the family. but it serves as the best possible preventive of the abnormal conditions which lead a man to patronize a prostitute. It is a fair conclusion al so that birth control information w.il! go a long way toward stabilizing marriage it.self as well as diminishin g prostitution. The fear of Ull\Vlshed pregnancy is doubtless one of the largest factors in killing love. Many a couple who have lived through tragedy and separation , would today be together and happy if only they had known enough to " space" their babies as th ey wanted them , and had been spared that nerve-racking consta nt terror of discovering that another unwanted baby was comin g. There are relatively few men who prefer prostitution to natural mating. It is a perversion which is acquired largely because of unjust economic conditions and ignorance of how to make and keep love relations free from disastrous compli· cations. Birth Control is not a cure-all for every human woe, help that can hardly be overestimated in · '±!,ch the lack of · ' \ The country once rescues · the subject from the shocki connection it has had with obscenity and immorali out-of-date statutes, which make it a crime to give ceptive information, it will be clear that birth contr harmony with nature and evolution instead of against it is biologically sound and socially beneficial. Nature gave us our brains to use, and we cannot our hunger or our need for clothes or for shelter using our brains. It is equally true that we cannot our sex impulses successfully without the use of our . Unaided nature is cruel if we do not intelligently erate and control and conquer. -MARY WARE DENN Is Birth Control Dangerous Women's Health? T HIS QUESTION is often asked and the answer The beginning of any new life consists of · junction of the male and female germ. need be no mystery about it for nature follows the same rule throughout all her kingdoms. flowers. Suppose we take a peep into Luther Burbank's we shall probably find that several flowers are white gauze. This is done to control the plant- to prevent conception taking place, except gardener wishes it. The flower is the sex organ of And now it is in order to a sk, does this control pl a nt? Any ga rdener who knows his business a nd say, no. It is through this means that the is able to improve the flower or rather the plant, still , the species. But supposing this was a great secret and bun gler came alon g and used a red or a black of th e white or sprayed it with poisonous ass uredly it would injure the flower. There is a and a wrong way of doin g everything. There is th at thousa nds of ignorant , ill-informed people inj sel ves because no clean hygienic means of birth allowed to be tau ght. It is just exactly this that control movement came into the field to do away ill-in formed people firmly believe that birth control of abortion or the takin g of poisonous medicine, fa kers and grafters of all kinds flourish on this · Al so the medica l profess ion flourishes on this i of course, far be it from me, a mere lay member, th a t honorable body of wanting to keep the people in ignora nce on this matter, for any or profession al interest. However, the family well-filled purse ·.•ever had any trouble in gettir:gll formation from the family physician, while and fath er ge£ nothing as a rule except a P•u•c~~·•u•• or a ben evolent shake of the honorable head. "The information of birth control would ruin all girl s," a sserted a benevolent doctor. "But, dear tes ted , "who says we are in the field to teach birth control? Besides, if the human race has nothing but a tribe of potential mothers who are ponsible as a nimals, we may as well call it off that human evolution is a huge failure." The fact of the matter is that .the would have a very �~-· ." ·· !:!) The Internationalist Page seven The Story of American Socialis-m By Lincoln Phifer,- Editor "The New World." I I. THE COLONIZING PERIOD T Chapter 6 . THE CAPITALISTIC COLONY HE MERE FACT that the lcaria'n s had lost chiefly through land swindles calls attention to the further fact that during the period that marked the drama they played on the stage of America, capitalist control of indust-ry for purposes of exploitation had developed strongly in this country. It gained its first strength chiefly through manipulations of large bodies of land, until it became a force stronger than the altruism that wished to use the land .. fo.r nobler· purposes. The new force began to exercise its influence' on the community proposition in a way which embraces all the elements of incongruity that make it deliciously humorous. A capitalistic proposition that turned into a communistic society a nd then reverted to the capitalistic form came as· the inverted climax to the drama of the communities. This variation of the religious colony was brought about by joseph Noyes about 1834. The first point of difference between it and other colonies lay in the fact that the promotor was a native of America instead of a foreigner. The second divergence came through the establishment of manufacture as the basis of the colony, instead of agriculture, as with the other colonies. A third line of demarcation lay in the fact tha t it began as a joint stock proposition. The Oneida community was at its inception a family enterprise, amounting to a partnership. As others expressed a desire to join the work, a nd as the writings of Cabot began to influence the whole people, communistic features were added. The communistic idea was, therefore, in this case, afterthought, while in the other communities it was the r.oncept. The company first and then the community steel traps, traveling bags, and silks, a nd enthe preservation of fruits. Everything they did done, and the community acquired the reputation Yet, up to 1857, the operations of the coma ·Joss of about $40,000. Then, however, a develop, and within ten years the community product for which it attained a national and was "community silver," consisting of table Oneida community developed characteramong the very first institutions in the f favoring total abstinence from inIn religious to cha ~;el slavery. remarkabfe. It advocated and per," yet under such conditions that · s. The three doctrines menmeet general approval. Consefor severe criticism. Churches account of their "freedom of It is quite likely that the 'nst the Marxian Socialists .. st this isolated body or while being in reality colonies. The very fact that he was the historian indicates that the curtain had been run down on the drama. The unities were completed, and the ending was capitalistic, as though to call attention to the new force that was in control of things. The drama of the colonies had been picturesque; heroic, full of action, combined with the most somber pathos and deli<;ate humor, and through it all there ran high nisolve and deep philosophy. It had developed a literature of its own. It had produced a philosophy most beautiful , and advanced new, great ideas of its own. It had touched thP. world. ECHOES OF THE COLONY WAVES I. MORMONISM J OSEPH SMITH, founder of Mormonism, was in the neighborhood of one of the religious colonies, and also near the home of the Fox Sisters. For six months he roomed with an avowed socialist. That he was influenced by these surroundings is plain from his subsequent actions. Smith began preparation for his work by making a book tha t claimed both inspiration and authority. In this he had a surer ground for building a permanent movement than any of his predecessors had. When he founded his colony at Zoar, Ohio, he bound them to him with faith that provoked enthusiasm, and the church he orga nized sent missionaries throu gh a ll the world. From Ohio his colony moved to Fa r West and lndepend-nce, Mo. It prospered, but met opposition from his neighbors. Finally, it was forced to leave Missouri and took refuge in Illinois. Here it grew, accumula ted wealth and began to exercise a strong political influence, Smith even announcing himself as a candidate for president. Probably it was the disturbing element in politics more tha n anything else that led to the persecutivn of the Mormons in Illinois, culminating in the killing of Smith and his brother, Hiram. Brigham Young was chosen the new president of Mormonism, and, selling the Nauvoo lands to the lcarians, prepared to seek a home in the distant west. The journey of the Mormons to Utah is one of the most daring and romantic things in American history. The taming of the desert by these spiritualists and co-operators under autocratic control is a marvel of achievement. And through it all, they sent missiona ries throughout all the world, established new 'c olonies in other states and even in other nations, and attaitie.d a political power that dominated the west for many decades. But the practice of polygamy led to a split in the church, and a new Mormonism was established with headquarters at Independence, Missouri, near Kansas City.. This branch pros\ pered and grew. Both elements have persisted to the present;l and seem to have a permanence that is predicated, doubtless, · on religious beliefs and practices more than on co-operation . Yet both freely admit that it was early co-operation that enabled then to accomplish the remarkable work they did, and it is a peculiar kind of co-operation that makes good their boast that there are no pauper Mormons. 0 " as they called themselves 2. 0 0 OTHER RELIGIOUS COLONIES The Perfectionist 1.1ovement had as its central thought the second coming of Christ. Long after it had its day, Peter Armstrong, an Adven~st preacher, claimed he was · ( �Page eight The I, luterl'at i onal t'st· to select a retired community for the reception of the 144,- 1870 Albert K. Owen, a civil engineer, no relation of Robert, 000 saints during the last days of trial. Accordingly, he ar- came upon an inland sea in Mexico, which the Indians calranged to buy 2500 acres of lanci in the Allehenies, in Penn- . led Topolombampo. The site charmed him, and he interested sylvania. The land was solemnly deeded to Almighty God. The Armstrong family renounced allegiance to all earthly governments, and then for uine years he, his wife and seven children labored in preparing the l<:.nd for the future work. fin ally they were JOined by bt:J others. H<! published a paper at the :1 . r ,~~. which he called "Celesr:• ," termed lhe Day ~tar of Zwn, which att:ti11ed a moderate cir ~ iJ a~;o. J and awakened much ~.1lhusiasm. It a;J;Jeared that hundred; were ready to join the colony, when, being unable to make a living, Armstrong abandoned the land and moved to . Philad elphia. . · During the Millerite excitement in 1843, Frederick T. Howland founded a colony on the farm of Leonard Fuller in the neighborhood of Boston , called Adonai-Shomo. Some ·of the colonists introduced revolting practices and made ex-· tra vagan t claims th'lt resulted in the breaking up of the colony. The Menuonites, Germans who lived in Russia, fled from Europe to avoid going to war, and established numerous cpmmunities in various portions of the United States. Each of these communities bought about 30,000 acres of la nd and contained some 125 members. They farmed , raised stock, and prospered. Many of the communities still exist, the colonists commandin g high esteem from their neighbors, and being financially well fixed. Thomas L. Ha rris, after a successful ministry in other churches, became a -spiritist and founded, in 185 I , the Mountain Cove community of spiritists. The experiment was short lived. Afterward he founded the Brockton community in New York. It attracted men and women of culture. This failed, and he later established a colony in California, at Santa Rosa. Here he sta rted what he called The Brotherhood of the New Life. Cyrus W. Teed, who called himself Koresh, devised a new system of cosmogony and religion, and attracted followers, leading them to the establishment of a colony at E<lstero, Floriad. The colony is still in existence, although its founder has passed on. He claimed to be under supernatural control. At Benton Harbor, Michigan, "Benjamin a nd Mary" have a community which they call The House of David. There are colonies with simila r religious tenets at other points. They prosper a nd have many conveniences and beautiful surroundings in their communistic homes. Dr. J. B. Newbrough, of New York City, about 1882 pubd a large and stri_king volume, cal!e_d "Oahspe," purpor_to have beeil received from the spmt world by automatic ng. One of its instructions· was to take New York waifs 1d raise t h e m into good citizens in ·~ community far reoved from contaminating infiuences. Accordingly, a comunity was established late r on in New Mexico , called halem. and referred to as the Children's land. Inhabitants f the community were allowed to live much as they pleased. except tha t they were not allowed to own houses or lands that they did not actually use, and had to contribute a tenth of their income to the support of the orphans that were brought in from the slums of the cities. Many children were raised into good citize.nship. But the community fell into disuse when the children who ' were adopted at its inception grew up. The cuit based on Oaspe, however, is a growmg force to this day. 1 0 0 0 Ill. SOCIALIST COMMUNITIES Owen had dreamed of a colony in Mexico. In others in the project that came to him, of starting a com-. munistic colony there. They obtained a grant of 30,000 acres from the Mexican government. The land was laid out, a third bejng devoted to public grounds, parks and sites for founders were not prepared for such a contingency, and public buildings. Then advertisements were inserted in many papers for colonists. Hundreds without means, and sometimes without health, appeared at the colony site. The appeal had to be made for funds to support the colonists until' buildings could be erected and land brought under cultivation. The ground was poor and far from markets. The colony finally was moved to the coast. Here a system of irrigation was .l and out and begun. But dissentions entered into this purely socialistic colony, many deserted and finally the Mexican government ·cancelled the grant, and the enterprise collapsed. The widespread interest it had awakened is shown in that seventeen states of ·the United Stats, besides Canada and Mexico, were represented among the colonistts . After J. A. Wayland made a success of the "Coming Nation" at Greensburg, Indiana, he projected the Ruskin colony a t Ruskin,- Tenn. Everyone who contributed $100 or secured 200 subscribers to the paper was reckoned a member. The land was bought without being seen and was of poor quality. The colonists went on this land, and had to cut timber and build huts in which to live. The newspaper moved to this primitive camp. Conditions were so bad during the first winter that the suffering colonists were moved to seek a new location. They now selected land with a fine cave and spring on it, still in Tennessee. Here they planned big things. They had a rousing Fourth of july celebration in the cave. The colony grew, and built, beside many resi-· dences, a large printing office, a public hall and other improvements. A college was started, and the paper But disscntions entered. Wayland finally withdrew colony. The land and personal prop~rty was d' public sale, and the colony removed to Duke, Ga. fifty houses were built , a store, repair shop and erected; manufacture of a cereal coffee, of ers and of brooms were started ; a library of 1 was founded a nd woman's clubs were organ ' satisfaction entered again. Some of the col Others wanted to move back to Tennessee. la ter the properly of the -colony was sold and the proceeds di vided among the Nation" was discontinued. It was afte Warren brothers, E. N. Richardson . and at Rich Hill, Mo., and then again fell Wayland by purchase. The Colorado Co-operative Com socialists. It claimed to have at · It was short lived. T he Brotherhood Co-operative was established by socialists 1895. The colony existed un over internal dissen tion s~ A Co-operative B ington, by socialists, in slates and started reorganiza tion later features. a nd the The Mutual founded at Home, bership of 155, �The lnterna.tionalist i A community was established at Kansas City with a flourish and promise of wide cd-operation, in the early part of the twentieth century, by Vrooman . . Domestic troubles caused the collapse of the big plans, Vrooman's wife ·having the money and shutting dowri on its expenditure. Walter Thomas Mills had a school with co-operative, CO.Illmunistic features, at Kansas .City, for several years in the ' early part of this century: . A community was established at Ruskin, Florida · by a Miller follower of Vroomait, .in the early days of the Marxian movement, having a pap.er, a college, and not a few industries. 0 0 0 IV. MISCELLANEOUS COMMUNITIES Martha MeWhirter, a pious Methodist of Texas, received •. she said, revelations that prompted her to gather neighboring women together for prayer and development. They not only prayed, but they also managed their meager affairs so that they might have a little money of their own. They even demanded rights for women. They were ostracised . and · then mobbed. But they continued steadfast ·and blameless. They finally pooled their savings, worked at odd spells, and from the proceeds 'built a hotel and steam laundry. Some of their husbands left them for daring to do such unwomanly things. But they · persevered · and prospered. They became wealthy in common property; then public opinion began to veer toward them. Finally they moved to Washington, D. C., and there with their common property i1;corporated The Woman's Republic of Washington, D. C. The twenty-four women led blameless and useful lives, agitating for political and other reforms, and as the Republic went to pieces through· the death of the membership, its property, acording to their previous arrangement, went to the perpetuation of an orphan asylum in Washington. Madam Modjeska, Henry Sienkiewitz, author of "Quo Vadis," and other Polanders, founded a co-operative, agricultural community in Orange county, California. · The property purchased was mortgaged and when the indebtedness came due in 1878, it ceased to be. Katherine Tingley has founded the Universal Brotherhood organization a1id Theosophical society, a community at Point ·Leima , California. The membership grew to about 500. · Single taxers . have a colony at Fairhope on the gulf in Alabama. It 'has been in existence for many years, and has a population of about 500. The members lease the land from the company, but own their own homes al'tEI..Jmprovements, al1d engage in private enterprises. Land, ~ever, is not held privately orso ld, but ·rat~er adminisfered by agents of the community. o o o i have called these echoes of the five colony movements. First, · because they did not represent a concerted effort to accomplish world emancipation; second, they followed in some respect the ideas of one or more of the former movements; and third, they did not take into account the changes that had come since the early colony wave had swept over Arrt'erica. These changes included the Mexican war and the gold rush to California, which had broken over old frontiers and tremendously enhanced individual initiative. They ineluded the development of trading, the creation of roads, the building of canals, the growth of river traffic, the coming of -the railroad, · inception of the factory system. .Con· enterpri·ses were very different the colony waves· came to America. made -their success, under the old .of ,,realization. ' ' The Ft;~rce ·of Frank Bohn ·· -· Frank Bohn, once upon ·a time a Socialist, is one of the renegade comrades who early in the war became infected with · the · virus of irresponsible patriotisqt and haughtily withdrew hom the party, denouncing all who remained as· satellites ' of Wilhelm and exponents of kultur. . . . Frank assures us that while he' is enthusiastic about the war, he is dead set against all that savors of militarism. · No~. we must CO;tfess that we have ~een slightly twisted up by Mr. Bohn on this subject of militarism. Not very long · ago, in t~e now defunct "New Review," he was very positive that a citizen army was the acme of absurdity. He KNEW it was, because he had studied the thing, and had served in the army. Moreover, he denounced a democratic arrriy as a standmenace to the right of Labor to ·rebel. Yet, Mr. Bohn now maintains that the reason Germany is and has been a menace to democracy and liberty . is because of her autotratically picked and trai1ied army-that such an . organization has poisoned the psychology. of the German people, and has made .them subservient to the will of the junkers. Mr. Bohn says that a citizen an'ny is a farce . . May we suggest that the socialism of Frank Bohn is something of a farce, also? -A. S. ·R oosevelt Rants Theodore Roosevelt pours out the vials of his wrath on ·the Bolsheviki. He exoriates them for their disloyalty to the Allies." · He denounces them for referring to America as a cap~talist nation. He says : · . "We have had many evil capitalists in the United States,. but on the whole the worst capitalists could not do the perm- • anent damage to · the farmers and workingmen in America . which these . foreign and native Bolsheviki would do if they . 'had the power." Utter rot! Mr. Roosevelt is either mendacious or he is the ignoramus on social questions that many believe him to be. Who was responsible . for the Bisbee deportations? The capita fi sts. Who was responsible for the St, Louis progrom? The capi talists again. Did not Senator Johnson of California prove that the American fleel Corporation was ·deliberately grafting 011 · the United States government to the tune of sev- · era! million dollars? Ho~ ab~ut the recent revelations of corruption ·a nd graft concerning S~ift and Armour? We make: the Aat state ment that CAPITALIST GREED HAS DONE MORE TO PARAYLZE THE EFFICIENCY OF OUR WAR . PREPARATIONS, A THOUSAND TIMES, THAN · THE SPORADIC OPPOSITION OF ANTI-WARISTS. Mr. Roosevelt is the unconscious tool of sinister capitalist ·interests that are daily securing a firmer grip on the destinies of the American people. _::.A. S. --o-\., ' No matter how loyally we stand behind the boys with b~}'onets across the sea, it is still eternally true that no man who' knows him can conceive .of .Jesus Christ driving a bayonet through a human brother's breast.-"Our Dumb Animals." -o-The United States produces about two thirds of the world's output of crude petroleum, and has produced about 2,750,000,000 barrels since the first oil well was drilled in 1895.· "Scientific American." . -o---<- · Every man replaced in an industrial plant costs agement from 0 to $300, depending on skill "Engineering Contracting." · �The Page ten lnternationaliat Colony Development. O NE THOUSAND ACRES of -the colony land will soon dances will shortly become one of the features of Vernon be u.nder fence. Nearly half this area is now fenced Parish. It is planned to. make the dancing floor more than · and will be_ under cu-ltivation this year. The colony I 00 feet long and. about 33 ·feet in width. Flanking the is going in for food production exclusively, and on this land floor will be refreshment parlors, wherein can be sold coffee · will be grown corn, peanuts, sugar· cane, beans, and acres and ice cream and cake and other dainties. At present the danc~s are held in the big dining room of and acres of vegetables in the garden. The corn is up, the peanuts are being planted the cane is the hotel and they are well attended. There is never less six-piece orchestra. The music is excellent, comparsprouting nicely, the beans are coming through the soil and than promise a good stand. Every where over the great Llano :ing more than favorably with the music furnished by highPlantation there is grass enough to feed thousands of head priced imported orchestras:· One of the colonists who has been away for a year, and who is passionately fond of dancof cattle. Down in the gardens the cabbage is firm and crisp and ing, says the dances at the colony are more enjoyed by him beginning to head. The tomatoes stand in long rows. There than any dances he has attended in all the time he has been ·are .several acres .of them , and the small cannery which the away. Another social feature that has not been much spoken of colony purchased this year will be put to work canning tois the Sunday ni-g ht entertainment, which always ·furnishes matoes in the summer. There are egg plants and peppers, 'potatoes, and sweet some good musical numbers, and frequently · has other g'o od potatoes, melons- all kinds of them-squash, pumpkins, rad- things to offer. ishes, lettuce, and all the things that go into the garden. At both the entertainments and the dances th~re are many · They are doing nicely a nd look well. The hot beds are still visitors. The popularity of the colony entertainments is growing. No charge for admission is made. Those of the producing plants to be set into the ground. Three months ago the land where the garden is was mostly colony who have talents give of them freely. The social life of the colony is what grips and holds in brush. Now it is growing garden. The urge throughout the South this year is that food . be produced. The Llano spite of hardships and pri-vations~ There is a fascination Plantation is heeding this fact, and though established but about it that cannot be broken. Colonists who are away . a very few months is already claimed as the largest planta- and who write back to friends rarely fail to mention this tion in Vernon Parish. The energy of the Llano workers, as the big outstanding feature of colony life which they retheir determination to put their land under ~ultivation as member above all else. With no profits ma.de, with no greed rapidly as possible, and their steady effort is winning results. of commercialism entering, with ecrch performer giving freely It is also impressing the kindly disposed neighbors in Lees- of the best he has, there is a genuine reason why the social ville who recognize the value to this parish of the sort of life i~ so pleasant. And it is only fair to add that colony work that the colonists are doing. The value of the land is audiences are never cruelly critical, never fail to appreciate and are always ready to encourage. It is a kindliness of more than doubled the first year by the work put on it. Some time ago the workers asked for a nine-hour day. spirit tha t is not manifested where entertainment is paid for. They didn't exactly go on strike for it, but they demanded ' The absolute sanity of the colony life is the key to its wonderit. This is quite contrary to the usual procedure. Instances ful success. The colony has the best orchestra for many miles around. where the workers have demanded a nine-hour day instead of the eight-hour day they have been enjoying are sufficient- With a great floor and with free dances and good music, there should be an excellent attendance at the dances. This ly ra.re to excite comment. The · ·Colony needs equipment, horses, mules, implements. is one of the ways by which the colony will become ac· It requires machinery and seed a nd all of the thi'ngs that new quainted with its neighbors. Machinery for . the saw mill is here but is not set up. farmers on new farms require everywhere. But it is getting them a nd it is. makii1g progress. It has shown what can be Neither is the shoe shop set up. Farming takes precedence done by foresight and labor, by co-operative and carefully just now and will continue to do so. Every man who can directed effort. ' be spared is kept at work at some phase ·of farr:n work. Letters come in every day asking what progress is being This year it has been necessa,r.v to use the methods of the farmers here. Single plows have been used becaus~ they made. When there is nothing to record but the building of were the only ones that could be used. The gre~test result miles of rail fence, there is little to write about. It is picfrom the amount of energy expended could not be secured, turesque, this fence building in the Abe Lincoln style, but it because the methods to achieve this result could not be put is not exciting, and once mentioned there is little left for into operation. But next year it will be possible to make a follow-up story. This is also true of the garden. It is gr.eater progress. growing and promises to furnish a large proportion of the With the crops growing, with the animals housed, with the sustenance of the colony for several months to come. Field people cared for, with the printshop running and the com- crops, too, promise liberal returns, as measured by the standmissary i.n -operation, the colony can begin planning for other ards of this country, and if intelligently handled return an work. For instance, there is the dance hall to be built in the incredible per cent on the investment. park. just in front of the hotel is the most beautiful natural This is a country rich in maqy natural products. T~e of forty acres. This is to ·be made into an amusement great abundance of timber solves the fuel and building probFirst to be built will be a dance hall. It will ·be a lem to a large measure. The woods are a thicket of berry . The floor is here and ready to be used. The !urn- bushes; thickly laden with fruit that May ·I st, is bethe roof is cut and ready fOr use. There i$ material coming red and will soon be black · sides which will be left mostly op,. When the furnishing fruit for those who will it is expected that the Ll no Plantation (Continued on Page a ......_ ,. ' . �.,; The In I ern a I j.., n a I is I . • · Page eleven The Menace. of a United States of the W.o r ldWhen States unite to "protect" men, humanity will become · THE great abyss which now threatens to engulf the ' race is tbe proposal for a United States of the World. It a prostitute in their midst. Verily, the machines have beis a vast 'and unthinkable .conspiracy against. human . come "righteous," and ;are uniting to impose moral order uplife. Every free soul will resist with all his powers such an on the world. Let us understand then, that when machines . ./""'become "moral" it is time attempt to organize life into one final monopoly. ){F:Z::z:::::=:::::::::=:::::=:::::z:::=::::::::::::::::::::=::::z:z:::=:::::::::::=::::=::::::::::=:::::::=:::=:::::::::::::::::::::::=::::::::=:::::::=m for men to become ''im-. moral." When organizaSuch an outcome of the Wrillcn Specially for THE · INTERNATIONALIST tion conspires with moralwar would mark the triity to defeat life, then umph of that mechanical "criminals" become the sagenius which has made viours of the' race. civilization the greatest enThe. hour has struck emy of man. It would when free men everywhere mean that in · an attempt By Georg{; Bernard Shaw must espouse rev9lt as an to gain facility, life had ultimate creed and probecome dehumanized. It HERE is · no outlook for a United States of the claim the absolute and diwould mean that shameful T World. A United States 'of the World is tomfool vine right of self. capitulation of freedom nonsense. When Anacharsis Klootz made the -FLOYD HARDIN. known as a "moral. triFrench Revolution ridiculous by his Deputation of The umph." It would signify that man was fast losing Human Race, it became necessary to guillotine him. that most precious of · all His ghost is trying to walk at present; and the sooner rights-the right to be a tha t, too, is guillotined, the better. criminal. What is possible is a combination of the States which . For organization is the The State makes · use · accept Democracy, and are virtually homogeneous in great enemy of life. It of the;'ri'!Oiiey which it exrepresents an invasion of torts from me to unjustly civilization, with the object of establishing international . life for the purpose of impose fresh constraints and superna tional· law, and renouncing their "sovereign crushing out what is novel, upon me; thi's is the case rights" to the extent to which such law can be estabunique, eccentric and unwhen it prescribes for me lished, the main immediate purpose being to abolish forseeable-in short, that its theology or its philosowar, which now' threatens the very exist-ence of civwhich is vital and personphy, when it prescribes for al. Organization enlists in ilization. The combination, though _it must be large me or denies me a special the service of life with a form of religious observenough to ma ke a n armed' attack on it an insane en· covert motive. With high ance, when it pretends to terprise, must not be too large to be maJiageable; and professions of humility and regulate my morals 'and my it must be really homogeneous: mere alliances are no wiliingness to serve, it enmanners, to limit my labor use except for milita ry purposes between men of difters the realm of life.- only or my expenditure; to fi'x to spy· out the land for an ferent color, different mind, different morals, a nd .dif.the price of my merchan'- . eventuat mechanical occudise or the. rate o.f my ferent stages' o'f political evolution .. pancy. Once within that wages. With the- coin The obvious . nucleus for the first combination (for vital realm, . organization which I do not owe it and there will be more tha n one in the world) is the presextends its mechanical · which it steals from me it ent all ia nce between the United S tates of America , the sway to the outmost defrays the expense of the bounds of human life, sets British Empire, a nd' the F rencb Republic. To ma ke persecutio'n which it inflicts up a mechanical tyranny upon me. Let us beware it effective, the German Empire must be added; and and touches life with static of the encroachments of the problem just now is how to qualify Germany for death. Once organization the State, and suffer it to admission by knocking Democracy into her and Imhas invaded life, the finer be nothing mor~ than a perialism out of her. · If we had. completely knocked huma n gestures give way watch-dog. to mechanical processes, the Imperialism out of ourselves, the task would be . and the cry of the human easy; but as it is, we have not trusted Democracy is lost in the rumbling of enough in our own countries to trust it in another, or For all of these my heait the machi-ne. to ask others to trust it. We must therefore wait until with longing beats: My brothers, this is the war knocks Imperialism out of all of us. When For wealth and beauty, death. Unless men · of all tha t is done, the rest will almost do itself. With Dempe,ace . profound and races and· nations rise in ocracy solid from the Carpa,~hians to the Rockies we rest; universal revolt against the should have the material for ·~ uite as much supernaBut while men kill and ' tyranny of tionalism as we could possibly handle . to begin with. men walk the der and .form as The Federation of the World may be left to those who choose the life and are in a hurry to bite off more t'han they can chaw. imd of The Outlook for a United States of The World Taine on "The State" The Rebel ·. VlVe. -E. �. The Page twelve lnternatio:nalist Llano-A Soul Laborat-ory By Cliakeabeard Clews T HERE are lots of things about living in the Colony besides eight hours ": day, equal wag~, f!ee mediUI 'attendance, pay on sick leave, the .wc1al intercourse, and those other benevolent · and admirable features so thoroughly advertised. For instance, there's human nature. Some people., grown cynical, insist that it isn't human. Maybe not. Maybe it is just human and not veneered. Anyway, we see human nature under the most powerful soul micrcoscope in the world. . We see it spread out before us i~ a soul laboratory which gives cultures to show ·just what the human animal is and wh~t he -{)r it- will do under any combination of circumstances. Doc says he can tell when a man st~ps off the train just what he will be saying and doing in two months. That is quite a strong statement, for the only part of the new comer Doc sees when said new comer steps from the train is newcomer's feet, for we ~re opposite the station and look under the train. But Doc has been in the colony longer than most of us and he has had a lot of experience. I have seen him make some most uncanny predictions that came out just as he said. For instance: there was the man Bolley; Bolley ca~e .in quite by accident. Was just camping through the country and hadn't eve n heard of the Colony. Didn't know it was here. Oh, yes, ' he had heard of it. But it was quite by accident that he happened to· drop in close to us. We took Bolley in. He seemed to be honest and a good worker. Had a lot of livestock that he. turned in as payment for his membership. Fairly good stock. Then the. soul of Bolley was put under the microscope in the colony soul laboratory. · At first it was hard to find, but we finally discovered it. Belley's soul proved to be a queer animal. Whether he came in or just happened in, operated for pay, or was taking a little flyer of his own, we never exactly 'leanied. But one day he slipped out with his livestock and the one thousand shares of stock · He represented himself as a har~working man. His wife represented herself as an agitator. They are probably both right, at least .we have no doubt of the fact that she is an agitator. . Then there was Hungtown. He was another agitator. Hungtown carne ' in without putting a dollar into the colony. Came in on his ability before we had the ·soul laboratory· keyed up to catch the difference between ability to do and ability to talk. We were deceived. Hungtown came in as -one of the finest tutors who ever tooted. There was nothing in the realm of mathematics that he couldn't solve. His life was a dream, his wife a queen, his services invaluable, himself indi-spensable. We trembled when we thought of the hazards we had run before we got him. He was a real wonder-worker, a genuine heteache~. He told us all this in the . first half hour after the stage llropped him down in our humble and unsuspecting m'l~t~ Hungtown had all of the self-effacing humility of a circus band. He would no more get himself in the spotlight than would a movie queen seek to keep squarely in front of the camera lens. He was as modest and retiring as a polecat eventu~lly became as much endeared to us. , Hungtown couldn't seem to get the hang of things, He failed to tutor as he tooted. He tooted more than and his dissertations on the sublimity of his mar,ried the class of its interest in this subject. When the school of all . its pupils by hii . monologues on domestic virtues as .radiated by himself and nls fair spouse. he was put to keeping books. Now if there is one thing that narrows the soul, or that attracts the narrow soul, it seems to be book keeping. We never learned whether it was cause or eJfect, whether the narrow · soul took naturally to double entry, or whether double entry made sandwich souls. In the·. same office at the same time there wa.s a book k~ep­ er of aristocratic bearing and overbearing disposition whose name was Orton. Orton was English. and he pruned the aitches out of the alphabet perseveringly, restoring them in unexpected plaoes with the instinct of a trade rat. In an emotional tirade he once referred to the eloquence of another ~ember of. the colony as being "hall 'ot hair," which translated into ordinary un-English means, "all hot · air." Into this office with Orton went Hungtown. There · was another in the office there with them, an amiable young Swede named Wonthide. This young man was a most likable chap, stood in the esteem of all, and merited this esteem. That is, he did before he became associated with Orton and Hungtown. But afterwards-well, the aitchless Hinglishman and the regular he-teacher were too much for him. Their contaminating influence became such that the soul microscope began to register sun spots on the immaculate spirit of Wonthide. These celestial freckles grew, till Wonthide became one of the most bitter and implacable enemies that the colony ever had. Yet · the colony had done him no harm, and even extended him an invitation to come back after he had left. Once long ago there was an organization formed within the colony· of dissenters who took ·to themselves the name, Wei, fare League. They met out in the sagebrush. and each wore as the insignia of the order, a piece of sagebrush. It became known as the Brush Gang, · and the word brush became a part of colony language and remains so today. To " brush" is to become dissatisfied and to .make trouble. A "brusher" is pne of the dissatisfied. Well, Orton, Hungtown, and .Wonthide brushed. Now this man Orton didn't pay his way in full, and he never put a dollar directly in the colony either. ·wonthide did. He was clean and straight uritil the evil influences of the others corrupted him. The three of them worked on the books for months. They were presumed to know of every entry that was made. Of course, the easiest attack to make on the integrity of any concern is to attack its war chest. A run can be made on any bank in the country if only a little industrious whispering be indulged in. Hungtown was a whisperer. He buzzed night and day. He made vainglorious boasts of his prowess as a book keeper, of what he would do, if the irregularities . of the accounts, etc. An i·nvestigation was ordered by the colonists, instigated largely by Hungtown. Now here is where the soul microscope shows up things that wouldn't otherwi$e be noticed in a thousand years. Hungtown was a power-seeker. He showed it when. he said he wouldn't be president of the company for any salary on earth. But ·Orton was alw a power~ker. You couldn't get him to be superintendent ·of the ranch! Of course not! But if he were, now mind ye, 'e wouldn't be for hanything in the world, but if 'e was, 'e would 'ave done thinks in a inuch better rnawner, and 'i~ friend .Mr. 'Uungtown would bear 'im hout in 'is statement- They ~. w"ante•t _ _ _ 2 •·•. a-. �Th• Internationalist power, but their interests lay m the same direction, temporarily. When the investigating committee brought in its report, it performed-some very clever strategy. Educated by experience, it made the report free from any animus, because to betray animus would prejudice the hearers against those making the report. The report of the committee was clean enough. It noted "some discrepancies in accounts, some apparent slight irregularities which could probably be explained;" etc. But the committee was ambitious and bitter, and being ambitious its collective and individual consciences were somewhat dulled. It becam~ ·unscrupulous in its m-ethods. One of its members, a ga unt, swarthy, sarcastic man; ·not long in the colony, named . Harquelin, got before the assembled colonists, drew· a paper from his pocket, and asked the privilege of making some remarks. Herein lay the cunning of the committee. Knowing the flare-back that would come of a report containing biased statements or attacks on the administration, these ambitious power-seekers took this method of making their drum-fire effective. Now this man Harquelin was not fluent and. he knew it But he thought to catch the popular ear. The fineness of psychology escapes even the most acute of us now and then . The grotesq ue Harq.uelin, speaking with a slightly foreign ac• cent, uncouth, unprepossessing, lacking in eloquence, a1,1d already suspected of not being altogether ingenuous, opened his speech .with "Fell ow sufferers!" There's something about the human mind that makes it almost impossible for it to separate the deadly serious from the ridiculous. An Englishman is likely to take a joke with complete seriousness, while an American is quite as likely to get himself badly damaged physically by guffawing at the most serious place of an argument. Llano audiences were always courteous, and they are always ready to listen to a speech. They can take more punishment along that line than any people in the world . So they listened to the harrowing tale of Harq uelin . But it was next day that they began to express their real fee lings in the matter. Meeting in the road in front of the hotel, two colonists greeted each ·other simultaneously as "Fellow sufferers." All over the ranch men and women and children were shouting "Fellow sufferer" as a matter of greeting. It was the beginning of the end of the committee. When ridicule begins to creep in. it is time for the commiUee to begin . folding its tents and silently slipping away. But the best of _us are blind to pyschology sometimes, and• forget the _lessoris we have learned. Orton and Hungtown whipped Wonthide into line and renewed their attack. Listening posts wer-e established, and we were subjected to all sorts of verbal barrage fire . There were various complications which kept th~; ·committee from eve'r finishing its work on time. For one thing, most of the executi ves were kept so busy on business trips that they could not all be gotten together to receive the attack. There was one splendid example of this, and it came when . the attacking force was rapidly disintegrating. A special meeting of the colonists was called to hear the report all over again. The executives and ·others had been given notice. The fact that one of them was two thousand miles away at that ti~e made little impression on the committee. Bloated with a sense of their own importance, the worthy individuals composing the committee expected all to whom they issued notices to at once appear before them and make such explanations as they might be able to give. However, the executives· had other bus·iness · and could not _ run ·across the continent to please the whim of a little, ambitious mind. The ineeting dragged. The colonists came out -\ I t- • of curiosity, sat about and talked, and waited. Finally one of the col!'-mittee suggested that the meetiqg be calletl to order. The · crowd fe~ no respon$ibility in the matter whatsoever. The committee had called the meeting. · Therefore, let the committee conduct it. So the colonists sat about and chatted some more. Finally, one of the comniittee~en took the chair, called the meeting to order and asked that: the chairman and s_ecretary of the regular General Assembly take charge of the ·meeting. But the se<;retar)' and chairman were quite loath to do so and found adequate excuses why th should not; Then another -colonist was suggested. He refu' . Man after inan and -wom'\n after woman was nominated and all refused to serve. · · So.ne subtle psychology hinted to the audienc~ that .the meeting was to _be farce. There was also the growing feeling that the committee was more interested in its own personal filibustering exploits than it was in the -general good of the colony. Later; after nearly an hour, the ·colony .undertaker consented to take the chair. More time was · consumed in selecting a secretary, and at last the doctor was the only one who would accept this office. Then some wag went to the kitchen and got a large soup bone and gravely .presented it to the chairman as the official gavel! . . · With an undertaker and a doctor to direct -the meeting, it could not be taken seriously. A few dispirited motions- were put and languidly voted upon without discussion. Then .Orton tried to make a n appeal to stir interest I a loud voice he demanded that the absent executives appea;,. as this was the appointed time. There was a death-like and soul-chilling . silence. Hungtown triea ·"to arouse some interest, ·but was not taken seriously. Finally Orton said that as the executives were afraid to appear, ~nd there seemed little that c~u'ld be done, that the report of the committee should be accepte~. Silence followed that, till some tired colonist, who remembered that he had to work next day, moved an adjournment. The motion was put and voted down, but the entire audience got up and walked out Technically, a large and disinterested audience is still considering that report there in the ·hall. At a later. dat._ the report was taken up i)l order and disposed of to the entire satisfaction of all but four men-Orton, Hungtown , Harquelin, and Wonthide. There was an aftermath to it all, however. A disgruntled trio went to Los Angeles,' formed an association· to bankrupt and disrupt or control the colony, and at last reports were still operating, with some fell design spurring them 'on. Revenge ·seems to be the motive. Their ii1fluence has never been felt in · the colony, and they are prob~bly having a splendid time making reJ: · _.s, rearranging tii'e colony to their own desi'gns, and generally re-making &nd re-working the entire co-operati ve field. Wonthide wouldn't stay with the group, but the three leaders in the plot for power have -stayed together. Two human frailties that drive people out of the colony are the lust for power and the greed for gold. We've had scores of men come to the colony for the e...:press purpose of taking almost immediate charge and operating it according to their impulsive ideas. Then there have been a large number of those who came for gain. Their idea of co-operation was to secure substantial advantages for themselves. They were unwilling to wait for results. Such persons eliminate themselves ·in the course of time; the colony never has to take action · against them. . Plots for power have been more numerous than would b~ believed by those who .forget that a socialist is merely a human , animal who has gotten hold of a vision or a piece of a vision. _. This vision is, too often, merely a hankering to rule, a greed to seize through collective effort, what he could not take fo himself by individual exploitation, and his selfishness is always a (Continued on Page 37) · �. •. _ The Page fourteen ;~ ' ' 4 J'n t e r D a t j 0 D _,fi ~ t . ;·• . . . ) Modem Religious.....Movements : No. ·4 Theosophy: Its · Essence and Achievements· 0 B y S c o t t C I o a g h , United Lodge of Theosophists. T HEOSOPHY presents to every man a theory of life whose · the three propositions standing to each other in the relation basis rests upon three fundamental propositions, which ·of the absolute, the . universal, and .the indivithlal or parare absolute in their nature and universal in their scope. ticular. The . individual is part and parcel of the universal; These propos1.t1ons. therefore, · do not test upon any one's the -universal Is part and parcel of the oabso1ute Eternal. 1mauthority, but upon their inherent truth. Only that truth !JlOrtality, therefore, is not an .acquisition; it is inherent in is absolute which can be directly perceived, which is ax- . ev.ery iqdividual, because his essential nature is one with the iomatic, which does not f:}epend upon evidence or testimony. Absolute. What is to be acquired by each Soul for itself These propositions may be broadly formulated as follows': is knowledge-knowledge of its own eternal nature and of I. All things that are, that have been, or that will be, the eternal n";ture of all other beings. That knowledge can spring from one Source, omnipresent, eternal, boundless, and only be acquired through action, experience and observation. Immutable. Each Soul is eternally acting, eternally sowing and reaping, Discussion, definition .and dogmatism in regard to this now in one form and now in another, now in one field and Source are idle and useless, for it is unthinkable and unspeak-· now ·in another. -The universe exists for the sake of the Soul's able, beyond the range and reach of thought or imagination. experience and for no other purpose. . Souls.· differ in the It antedates and underlies . all conditioned and manifested degree of their acquired experience and intelligence, and acexistence. It interpenetrates, includes and sustains all things: cording to the use they make of their experience, their obAII things come from It, P.xist in It, return into It, as all servation, their intelligence and pqwers, do they progress, bodies, large or small, visible or invisible, move and have helped or hindered by the results following upon their intertheir being in Space. Like Space, It cannot be conceived relations and inter-actions; for being identical in their source of by itself, as absent from anything or · anywhere, or as af- and in the law of their being, they are inter-dependent fected by any changes that occur in It. It is this Absolute in every sense. It is these three relations of absolute, uniDeity or Self of all that men have vainly striven to formulate versal, and individual,-' that are implied in the three words, and define as God. All such definitions are but images and Spirit, Soul, and Mind. As Spirit all are identical· and unidols of the mind, product of the ignorant fears, hopes and changeable; as Soul all are universal and eternal, as in mind, or intelligence or being, all are constantly changing in form conceit of man. II. In this Absolute Deity or Self or Space, Universes, solar action and possibilities. · systems, suns, planets, and the beings of which they are These three propositions cover everything that has ever · o•, but aggregations, continually appear, disappear and reappear been conceived of under the general terms of God, Law, and in boundless procession. This periodical manifestation has Being; but because, as stated, they are absolute in their neither beginning nor ending as the Law of all existences. It nature and universal in their scope, they are free from limi" has been likened to a Great Breath, or to Absolute Motion, tation, all-inc:;lusive, and exQlanatory of all nature and every eternally coming and going. As the Great Breath goes forth ·phase of nature. Once a man has gained a clear compreworlds and beings appear. As it is indrawn, beings and worfds hension of them and realizes the light which they throw on disappear into the Great Source, to reappear at the next Great every problem of life, they will need no further justification Breath. Our life is but one of an infinite series of lives; our in his eyes, because their truth will be to him as evident as world 'but one of an infinite series of worlds; our universe the sun in heaven. On their cl~pprehension depends, but one in an endless chain of universes, without conceivable for the ind_ividual a_nd for. t~e mas.' the unders~anding of all . the mystenes and mequahtles of h e. On the1r correct ap-beginning or imaginable end. This second proposition is but the assertion of the abso- • plication to the individual's own thoughts and actions in the lute universality of that law of periodicity, of flux and re- varying conditions of. life, here and hereafter, depends his flux, ebb and flow,, which physical science has observed and emancipation from the thralldom of ignorance, of prejudice, recorded in all departments of nature. An alternation such of preconception, of partial and erroneous knowledge. There as that of Day and Night, Life and Death, Sleeping and Wak- are no privileges or special gifts in man, ·or any other being, ing, is a fact so common, so perfectly universal and without high or low. All are in evolution from the threefold basis of · exception, that it is easy to comprehend that in it we see one the Spiritual, the Intellectual, and the_ Physical, and whatof the absolutely fundamental laws of the Universe. ever the nature of any being may be, it is the result of his III. The fundamental identity of all Souls with the Uni- own efforts throughout a long series of metempsychoses and · versa! Soul, the latter being itself an aspect of the Unknown re-incarnations. The Spiritual nature of every being is the Root; ;md the 'obligatory pilgrimage for every Soul- a spark enduring. Out of its ceaseless action is built up the Uniof the former- through the C:ycle of Incarnation (or "Nee- versa! or Intellectual, which endures only as it accord; with essity") in accordance with Cyclic and Karmic law, during the the Spiritual. Out of the Spiritual and Intellectual nature of whole term. In other words, no purely spiritual Soul can have each and all, is built up the physical,. whether that latter is an independent (conscious) existence before it has (a) passed the familiar body and matter cognized through our senses, through every elemental form of the phenomenal universe, or other and finer grades of Substance. Whether we ~peak and (b) acquired individuality, first by natural impulse, and of the varying grades and gradations of manifested being as then by self-induced and self-devised efforts, thus ascend- Spirit, Soul, Mind, Energy, or Matter,, or any combination ing through all the degrees of intelligence, from the lowest of these, one and all they represent successive stages in the the highest, from mineral and plant up to the highest and great School of Life Eternal. 'A.Il have evolved to where being. ..., they now are, all will continue evolving. The goal is the third and final fundamental proposition of Theosophy perfection of being. Thus, this life i~ but one of many, the other· two, as the second flows from the first, human intelligence but. one of many grades. this familiar 0 o I ' 0 ' �:r--· . > • • Th e I n t e.r n a t ion ali H world of waking existence but one of the many schools of experience, to which we return again and again, life after life, until we have learned all its lessons. There are beings as much higher than man as man is higher than a black-beetler They have long since passed through and learned the lessons of human life. The various kingdoms of beings below man are on their way upward, evolving slowly toward man's estate. There is, therefore, in sober truth, a Brotherhood of all Beings, not merely the Brotherhood of Man.• and its basis- is not merely physical, not merely intellectual, but Spiritual, and. rests upon the identity of their essential nature, and the identity of the law of their evolution, or acquired nature. It is not hard, when these statements are pon~red, to perceive that they are, 'in fact, contained in every system of thought, philosophy or religion worthy of the name, and are the common basis of them all, however they have all in time become corrupted and overlaid and obscured by purely human speculation and fancy. Every so-called Savior who ever entered the field of human life, was one of a body of perfected beings who, moved by the spiritual knowledge of universal brotherhood, exercised his divine compassion by once more re-entering the ranks of men, "becoming in all things like one of us, to walk with us, and, like a teacher in school, teach and guide us by precept and example towards a higher life. Men have in all times for the most part ignored, derided and persecuted these Elder Brothers when they came, and late r worshipped them as gods and made of their teachings a dead letter religion of forms, ceremonies, dogmas, creeds, with rewards for those who "believed" and punishment here and hereafter for those who disbelieved. Theosophy, then, in it s wider sense, is a body of knowledge; as a name to identify the teachings of H. P. Blavatsky and William Q. judge, it is that portion of the ancient eternal Wisdom-Religion- the acc umulated experience of the ages-imparted to mankind in our time . It is, therefore, not a belief or dogma formulated or invented by man , but is a knowledge of the laws which gove rn the evolution of the physical, asira l, psychical a nd intellectual constituents of nature and of man . . Step by step, as a man studies it and endeavors to apply it to his own conduct and the solution of his own problems, Theosophy becomes self explanatory, self-revealing, self-inspiring, self-evident Man ceases to rega rd himself as mortal , perishable, football of fate, or subject to the caprice Qf any god whatever; no longer a "poor, miserable. sinner," in~ capable of doing anything for himself. He sees and knows the dignity of Life, in himself and in all others; realizes its purpose, its · justice, its limitless field of progression; he enters the company of the conscious immortals. With Thomas Paine he can exclaim, "The world is my country; to do good my religion." The sincere and thoughtful Socialist, like the sincere and thoughtful man of any philosophy, or religion, or system of thought, must often be appalled at the apparent inequities, the seeming fruitlessness of life and effort, even the best and the best-intentioned. When he turns alike sincerely and thoughtfully to take stock of his own mental possessions, no matter how labeled, he must often be bewildered and disheartened at their shortcomings, at their inability to explain what confronts him. Then he either closes his mind against consideration of the unknown and the unresolved and goes on with what he has; or relapses into the dull indifference of negation; adopts some new scheme of life which seems to offer him the rewards he covets; or-looks boldly and further afield into the hidden world of causation. All systems of thought are n~ither more nor less than attempts . to explain the causes, the\rationale and pr?cess ~~ereby thi~gs have become as they are. For men, bemg spmtual and m- tellectual, perceive intuitively that all that confront them are effects; and that if they can but grasp' causes truly, they can direct and control effects. All systems of thought embody some perception of causation, otherwise they would find no · acceptation among men; but the sincere and reflective mind, having observed effects, when he turns to his hitherto accepted system of ·thought will find its explanations absurdly limited, erroneous and contradictory. He will find that when applied, it will not work put in all times, in all places, in all circumstances, in all co~ditions. What good is it, then, as a court of final resort, as a reliance here or hereafter? · From Theosophy, in its larger significance of the accurnu,lated experience of the ages, has come all the progress of the race. It is definite, complete, ·accessible. Each human being embodies it in some degree, but there is no limit to its further assimilation and embodiment by any one. Each human being applies it to some extent, but there is no limit of the extent to which it is capable of application by any individual. But each must, .because by his very nature~ each only can , apply it for himself. No one else can do his thinking for him. It is recognized that limitations, both of the writer and of 'the space . assigned to him, necessarily make this outline faulty and incomplete. Those interested in gaining a better and clearer understanding of Theosophy would do well to write The United Lodge of .Theosophists, Metropolitan Building, Los Angeles, Cal., for a small booklet, entitled "Conversations on Theosophy." It will be sent free to all who ask for it. - -o-- Making The World Safe For ·Hemp THE 'Tulsa World" for November 9, publishes the following en nobling and Christian utterance: "In the meantime, if the I. W. W. or its twin brother, the Oil Workers Union, gets busy in your neighborhood, kindly take occasion to decrease the supply of hemp. A knowledge of how to tie a knot that will stick might come in handy in a few days. It is .no time to dally with the enemies of the country. The unrestricted production of petroleum ·is as necessary to the winnin :, of the war as the unrestricted production of gunpowder. We are either going to whip Germany or Germany is going to whip us. The first step in the whipping of Germany is to strangle the I.W.Ws. KILL THEM, JUST AS YOU WOULD ANY OTHER KIND OF A SNAKE:. DON'T SCOTCH 'EM; KILL 'EM, AND KILL 'EM DEAD. It is no time to waste money on trials and continuances ancl things like that All that is necessary . is the evidence and a firing squad. Probably the carpenter's union will contribute the timber for the coffins." As a result of several such effusions, hundreds of innocent, but class-conscious men, were whipped, tarred and feathered "in the name of the women and children of Belgium." (\ I There is little us~ for\ thi handful of humanitarians who still remain in this n'atmn to complain. As Thomas Paine said, "to argue with a man who has lost his reason is like giving medicine to the dead." The world has gone stark mad and remonstration is worthless. But Labor's day is coming. A certain king once told a certain people that when they became hungry, they could eat grass. And the gory head of this same king decorated· the end of a pike a few yea s later. The "Tulsa World" and thousands of other poison-slinging sheets in this nation may write discourses on hemp, but let them reflect that they are also · giving the masses an ex-A. S. / cellent tip as to how to wreak revenge. ,,, /--.IIIII �Pa~e aixteen The lnternationaliat, 'l Fighting With ·C o-operation T.· By C. F. Lowrie, President American Society of Equity · HE American Society of Equity is a result of the spon- subsidiary of the big Washburn-Crosby Flour trust of Minntaneous demand of the wheat farmers of Montana for eapolis, refused to unionize their plant. The Central Labor a larger share .of the products of their labor as repre- bodies, including the Equity farmers declared the. flour unsented in 'the price of wheat. The low prices for the thr.e e fair. The · retail stores of Great Falls, through pressure years preceding the war, w_hen most of it was raised at ·a loss brought by -the wholesalers, ~refused to handle any flour but to the farmers, was the impelling cause of the organization. the unfair flour; The · Clerks' union replied by refusing, to A directing force. for the sentiment created by these conditions handle the scab flour. The retailers replied by closing 'every was the more or less closely thought-out plans of a number store in town, except the Equity Consumers' League Co-opof natural revolutionists, ·who had been wage-slaves in the erative 'tore. The Co-qperative store was in linanc.ial difficities, factories and mines, and had obeyed the· call of "back culties at the time and an implied threat was made, that un- · to the land." The central idea of these people was the elim- less a certain $3500 obligation was paid the Co-operaination of the exploitation between the producer on the farm tive store would be closed. The Trade Unions and farmers and the workingman consumer in the city, factory and mine. rallied to the support and raised the $3500 in two hours time. The American Society of Equity distinguished itself from As a result the stores were all opened the following day, as other farm organizations by allying itself with the Trade Union the co-operative store was getting all the trade. As a result movement, the latter being affiliated with the State Federation the Union Labor of the city was placed squ.arely behind the of Labor. Co-operative store and success for the future seems assured. The first business done in a co-operative way was the bt.~y­ Another .result is to stimulate the plan for a million-dollar ing of twine for the I 9 I 4 crop, which resulted in a savmg co-operative flour mill to be located at ·Great Falls; nearly of over $100,000 for the farmers of $50,000 worth of stock is already the state of Montana. This was folsubscribed by co-operative stores and lowed by a great deal of co-operative elevators and within a years time the buying and selling on the club-order co-operative mill will undoubtedly be HOSE in the forefront of the plan. However, as a result of experone . of the biggest mills in the state ience gained in this work and a study battle for the establishment of of Montana~ of the development of co-operation in At the present writing the Mine permanent co-operation, believe Europe, it was soon determined by Workers' Union in Butte, which is on that co-operation will prove a great those in charge of the Society that strike against the Copper company is · factor in the coming Social Revoco-operation, in order to become permbacking the Equity Consumers' league lution in Russia and Great Britain. anent must be organized along the co-operative store at that point.· lines that had proven so successful in Already the farmers and trades Those in .the forefront of the battle Europe. So that now, there has been for the establishment of permanent ' unionists of North and South Oaka gradual evolution in the methods of co-operation believe that co-operaota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michthe organization, until as a result, we tion will prove a great factor in the igan and !llinois are seriously connow have a state wholesale associacoming social revolution in America, sidering affiliating with the new tion, called the Equity Co-operative as it already. has done in Russia and National Co-operative Wholesale. Association of Montana, with a capital Great Britain. As a result of the expansion of the co-operative movestock of $500,000, over $125.000 of which is subscribed, doing business as ment in Montana, F. A. Bennett, the ··a wholesale agent for twenty co-operaman who has been chiefly responsible . tive stores now operating and seventy-five ·CO-operative graln arid who by his sacrifices has made possible the success of elevators. The local Co-operative stores and elevators own this organization, has been called to St. Paul to form a the shares of stock in the Central association. Each local national. co-operative wholesale, which will develop the same store a·nd elevator does business in a wholesale way with the kind of an organization in other regions. Already the farm~· Central association. Co-operative retail stores have also been ers and trade unionists of North and South Dakota, Minorganized in three of the principal cities of the state, namely, esota, Wisconsin, Michigan and Illinois are seriously considGreat Fails, Butte, and Helena; and others are in the process ering affiliating with the new national co-operative ,wholesale. The Co-operative Wholesale Society of America, as it is ;~ . of organization in the other industrial ce~ters of the state. As an illustration of what this organization will mean in named, has offices on the ninth floor of the Pioneer Building, the future when completely organized, I will say that the St. Paul, Minnesota. The general plan of doing business is .to imitate big busimajor share of the apple crop which is raised in the Western part of the state, was marketed through this co-operative ness is e'\lery way, except in the ownership of the business, organization last year. Arrangements for assembling the car which is distributed among the whole people (that is the loads were made by the co-operative stores at the local working men and the farmers) and in the distribution of the points; the State Wholesale association arranged the sales in profits. After paying a nominal dividend ~mounting to curcar lots to the co-operative stores and elevators in other parts rent interest rates on the capital stock, the remainder of the of the state which did not raise frwit and not a middleman profits are pro-rated back to the buyers and sellers in protouched these apples so · handled from the time they left the portion to the amount of business done. The time is now ripe for permanent co-operation · in America and we believe hands of the grower until they reac'ted the consumers. During all this development a running light has been the time is also ripe for the co-ordination of co-operation · fought with the big commercial interests . . Just one instance with the ~ltimate forces ·which are -making 'for the co-operative commonwealth, that world e,Vents may bring to pass ).,_ of these battles: ~ _\ The. Royal Milling Company of Great Fails, which IS a sooner than some of us had dreamed for a few years ago. T t:- --~ ' \ _)' �The lntcrpationaliat ,. Christianity and Pacifism By R. 8; Whitaker [One of the foremost ministers on the Pacific Coast, a man of reputation for his "advanced" religious views, published in one of the most open ?minded of the denominational journals a criticism of "Christian" pacifists. It was addressed in particular to one of these Christian pacifists, Rev. Robert Burdette Whitaker, of Paradise, Butte County, California, a nephew of Robert Whitaker of Los Gato~. and likewise an allround radical. Whitaker replied t0 this criticism in the following good tempered and well argued article. The editor of the denominational journal in which the criticism had appeared publicly stated that he thought in fairness he ought to publish the reply, that it was a thoroughly fit a'nd an eminently able answer, but admitted that HE DID· NOT DARE TO DO IT. And this editor, as his work shows, is not a coward. ,.~e has already risked his editorial head again and again by his refusal to join the war madness. His journal represents a church which boasts its independence, and claims the men and women who landed on Plymouth Rock as its own special possession because they were of its membership. Yet its constituency, made up largely of ministers, consented apparently without protest to this suppression of the article. In the interests of fair play, as an exhibit of how little the workers of the world can depend upon their " spiritual guides" for even decency in the discussion of economics, and as in itself a fine presentation of the CHRISTIAN CASE: AGAINST WAR W e take pleasure in giving to our readers the rejected paper Ly Mr. Whitaker.] voice of the military authorities to become for us the voice of God, that we _c an prosecute the war at all. The reasoning of the average man runs about like this: It is absolutely necessary to overcome Germany. War is the only method by which this can be done. Therefore the war must be right. Like the c'anvert entering the Roman Catholic church, the •soldier entering the army must make the great decision and the great . surrender once for all. By the very act of becoming a soldier he thereby gives up his right to i~dividual judgment as to the righteousness or unrighteousness of whatever he may be required to do. As the church is the infallible judge of right and wrong for the good Catholic, so is the military authority for the good soldier. To question the judgment in one case is heresy, in the other insubordination.· The pacifist is frank to say that he thinks it is more reasonable to accept the Church as the voice of God than the dictum of milita'r y authorities. Again, as related to this conception of Christianity as a way of life, there is the matter of the impossibility of reconciling the military machine, and its treatment of the individual, with the Christian teaching as to human value, and the supreme · HE majority of the Christian leaders of the world are worth of personality. Military efficiency is attained by treattelling us that in the present crisis, the real question be- ing the individual soldier as merely a cog in the machine. The fore us is not the academic one as to whether war is1 more completely the private in. the ranks learns to keep his right or wrong, but · the practical problem of what the Chris.: place as "only a cog;" and not a person, the more efficient tian program for the present involves. Under existing con- will his service be. On the other hand, he is not only treated ditions, they would have us believe that pa rticipation in the as a "thing" himself, but it is incumbent upon him, if he would prosecution of the war is a necessary part of the Christian pro- be a good soldier, to treat his brother man who happens, begram. cause of the accident of birth to be on the other side. as a To an ever growing minority, this seems a mistaken judg- "thing" also. ment, especially as many of those who advocate this view go The pacifist has no more regard for mere physical existence so far with us in their conception of the nature of Christian than have many others. It is not what war does to a man's faith. Referring to a statement in "A Pacifist Confession of body, which makes it for us a weapon never to be used, but Faith", one friend recently said in a personal letter to the rather what it does to his soul, or to use the more modern writer: "With all my soul I believe that 'the religion of jesus term, to his personality. As has already been noted, the miliwas and is a way of life for the present, and not merely an tary method is based upon the transgression of two of the ideal for the future,." Now it seems to the thorough-going most sacred rights of humanity; first, the right of private pacifist that that one admission ought to make impossible the judgment, and second, the right of every man to be treated life of a soldier' for any Christian disciple, for if there is any as a person. It seems to us a mistaken idea to try to protect one thing which perhaps is more fundamental than all else persons, or ideals, by a method which involves the desecration in connechon with "the Christian Way" it inhe Way of Loy- of that which is most s~cred in personality, and the utter abanalty to j esus as the supreme loyalty. In Him we see the very donment i1'i practice of the very ideals we would defend. heart of God revealed to men, so that loyalty to Him is loyalty In a letter already referred to, the writer speaks of "war to the Father whom he reveals. Or perhaps it would have in the protection of good being less evil than acquiescence in : been a better stating of the case to have said that the su- the destuction of good." Those of us who hold to the inpreme loyalty is loyalty to God as He is revealed in jesus. The terpre tation which is being presented · in this paper, are far Christian's difficulty here with the whole war problem is, that from believing that Christian men are ever justifi'ed in "acmilitary efficiency depends upon implicit obe,dience to military quiescence in the destruction of good." Our difference is one authority as at all times the chief duty of a soldier. of method, not of end. We believe that it is incumbent upon A soldier in action can have no authority but 'that of his every follower of j esus, and upon every lover of humanity, to commanding officer. If in the course of the war he is com- work for the ove rthrow of the evil which is just now so rammanded to assist in reprisals (merely a polite term for military pant in the world. But we must do it by Christian methods! retaliation) then he must not stop to think that Christ has As stated already, the real question at issue is not' the abstract forbidden any disciple of his to have anything to do with one of whether war is right or wrong, but rather "what th~: retaliation.. Rather, he must obey without question. To state Christian program for the present involves." The friend the matter plainly then , the question, "What Would jesus whose letter has been quoted, also writes, "We are completely Do?" is not one which it is allowable for a soldier to consider. agreed, too, in our detestation of war, of its brutality, its inA persistent asking of that question in the light of New Testa- humanity, its intolerable inconsistency." ment teaching would lead to insubordination and sedition on Now the pacifists of the country are thoroughly convinced the part of the Christian members of our army; for there is · that no program can possibly be Christian which · of necessity much in ·modern warfare besides reprisals entirely out of keep- involves "brutality, inhumanity and intolerable inconsistency.'' ing With the spirit of jesus. It is only because for the period It seems to us that the Christian program must take as of the war; under cover of "military necessity," we allow the ruling principle the words of Paul, (which, by the T �Page eighteen The lnternatioDaliat merely an apt statement of the teaching of Jesus) "Be not of our Republic, without participating in what we consider a ·overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good." If the Chris- migaken method of accomplishing that end. We believe in tian people of this nation would demand that our government - sacrifice too, but for the Christian the cross, .not the sword, spend the same amount of time, and money, and energy, in . points the way to conquest. The way of the sword provokes seeking for a solution of this problem in a Christian way that and intensifies the very evils which it would overcome. When it has spent in prosecuting the war, then the way would be the war is over, we shall have all of the old· problems to solve, found. But even when the nation as such has chosen to go and shall find ourselves in a worse position to meet them than the other way, we still believe· that it is incumbent upon dis- we were before the struggle began, inasmuch as we . shall ciples of Jesus to be true to their Master's method. Prac- labor under the curse of ten-fold more suspicion, and intoltically all religious leaders admit war as a moral evil. "War erance, and selfishness. As a matter of fact, it is probable is hell," and to use it in the defence of good is to call upon that only the passing of this. present generation arid the birth "Satan to cast out Satan," a course of procedure which Jesus of a new one which has forgotten something of the bitterness very frankly held up to ridicule. Therefore, if we are to use and hatred engendered by the war, will ·make possible any real such a method, let us make honest acknowledgment that it is solution of the problem. · necessary to quit being Christian for awhile until we get the If it were not for the moral blindness which afflicts the naworld straightened out. For one thing is absolutely certain, tion for the time being, we might. see tha~ the very . spirit and that is, that war, with its "brntality, inhumanity, and in- which we have deprecated in Germany is fast coming to rule tolerable inconsistency" can never be reconciled with a Chris- our own iand, brought on by the Siltanic method which we tian pNgram. •· .are using .to fight Satan. Dr. Edward A. Steiner, who has Our friends are mistaken, too, in thinking that the pacifists certainly won the right to be trusted as a good American, has of the country are acquiescent or passive at the present time. given ample proof of the correctness of the foregoing stateWe are far from it. We are fighting for the protection of ments in . his article entitled, "A Wrong Strategy" which apdemocracy, for the establishment of those principles which 'peared in the "Outlook' for January 2, 1918. Surely the alone can make possible a permanent "Outlook" need .not be suspected of peace, for the freedom of men before giving publicity to any misstatement of God, and for the alleviation of sufferfacts in connection with such an issue ing, in what seem to us the only ways as the present one. Dr. Steiner says HRISTIAN pacifists are fightopen to Christian men; and we believe (speaking of the treatment which loyal · that in the methods we are using we ing for the protection of democGerman-Americans are receiving at the are accomplishing more for those ends hands of our state and county officials) racy, for the establishment of those than would be possible if we gave the "I know what is going on in the hearts principles, which alone, can make nation our support in the prosecution of the men who have been cruelly possible a permanent peace, but of the war. treated and maligned. If I were not they believe that in their methods There is another fundamental issue so throughly an American, and if I ~e accomplishing more for which ought to be brought up at this did not sense the American spirit at point. We suppose that there a re few its best, the treatment I have received those ends than would be possible Christian leaelers in this country who would make an anarchist of me. I if they gave the nation their unhate war more than Dr. Chas. E. J efam pleading for a new strategy, for we qualified support in the prosecution ferson of the Broadway Tabernacle, are unmaking good Americans, and· of the war. New York, and yet now tha t America not making them. · Frankly, has entered upon this struggle, he I am fearing for the future of our writes, "We can"not wash our hands country after the war,· not while it and say. 'We will have no part in this lasts. I fear that the breach will grow business.' For we are citizens. We belong to the Republic. the greater as the war proceeds, and as it exacts from us We arc cells of a great organism. We are part of a huge greater sacrifices. I fear that we who were alien born, and bundle of life. When a na tion is at wa r, every c•hzen is were born again into Americans, will be made into aliens involved. Every citizen has duties which make sacrifices again . Where I am writing, we are being controlled by a which are not called for in ordinary times. It will not do to Prussian cast of mind; we are fast becoming that which we say, 'I had nothing to do with bringing on the war,' or 'I am are fighting, and the alien born are finding themselves in the opposed to all 'wars.' The war is here, and no matter what midst of the very conditions from which the fled. We need we think or wish or feel, it is the duty of all citizens to do a new stra tegy, else we shall lose more than we shall gain.'' (Emphasis in this quotation the present writer's). all in their power to bring the war to a victorious finish." Any man who knows anything at all about what is really A part of Dr. Jeffersons's conclusions we are entirely ready to accept. . It is true that we cannot wash our hands and happening in our country at the .rresent time, knows that Dr.say that we Y..ill have no part in this business. There is rio Steiner's words are true, and that he has stated the truth one of us who is not in part responsible for the condition of mildly. We do need a new strategy, the strategy of J esus as things which made war possible. We have all been guilty over against that of militarism; the strategy of the cross, as at times of that spirit of suspicion, of intolerant criticism, of opposed to that of the sword! This new strategy each inself-seeking, which is the real cause of the war. Therefore, dividual Christian who has faith in "the way" can help to put we owe it to our God and to our fellowmen to make all pos- it into operation. America needs protection at the present: sible sacrifices at this time in behalf of a better world wherein moment from the despotism on her own shores. She need11 men who with Christian devotion will show our foreign bom the spirit of Jesus shall rule. But the mistake of Dr. Jefferson and of others who take his popnlation that there is still something of the old Americanism \ position is in failing to recognize that war is not the only left. We agree with Dr. Jefferson. too, in his statement that "We ethod whereby men may seek to overcome the evil forces ' ~ ich just . no~ threaten. our civilization. It is possible. to are citizens. We b~long to the Republic. We are cells of a great organism.'' We are, indeed, citizens of the Republic of ~ for the victory of nghteoushess, and for the protection C l ~~;_·' ~ ........_ ... ~ \} ./ I �The -Internationalist Pap nineteen God. We are cells in that spiritual organism which Jesus herence to it may mean that for the present our service must called 'The Kingdom." Of course, we under~tand that Dr. be accomplished through the smaller group, the minority, Jefferson is not talking about the Kingdom of God, or the Re- rather than through co;0peration with the"majority in carrying public of God, whichever title we give to it, but rather of the out the program of the government. We shall endeavor to American Republic. Now while it is true that we are members avoid any spirit of intolerance toward those who believe that also of this American Republic, it seem to us that Dr. Jefferson a -Christian program for the present necessitates participation . will have to admit that our first loyalty is to the heavenly in the prosecution of the war; but as for ourselves, we canKingdom, not to the earthly. For us the law of Christ is above not believe that God requires us to assist in defending either every law, and the loyalty to his kingd(,lm above every loy- His truth or His peoRie by a method which involves, from our alty. Furthermore, the heavenly~~~dom is one which knows standpoint, such an entire' "moral 's urrender" of the whole nothing of the barrier representeu ~nationalism. There is a Christian· position. stronger tie than that of a common birthplace; it is the tie of a common spiritual experience by which men are made citizens of the Kingdom of Brotherly Love. Neither language, nor color, nor education, nor birthplace, serve to separate Today my boss died. men who Lelong to this spiritual Kingdom. They say it was apoplexy. As for the Liological analogy, that we "are cel!s of a great That's why I'm here, lying in the grass, . organism," it J!> only true in a limited sense when applied to tne Stunned and trembling at the wonder relation of the individual to the state. Apparently the real Of these new-born things, ·' difference of opinion here is as to whether as Christian men These violets and these buttercups our first responsibility is to obey the will of God as we underThat stare at me so silently. stand it individually, or, to fall in with the judgment of the I had forgotten that there ever was a Spring, social group when the two conAict as at the present time. To And tender leaves and yielding earth . the writer it seems as though Jesus And birds that sing with joy; approaches the whole problem of life I've lived so long where there are only as primarily that of the relation of the grinding wheels individual soul to God. His chief conAnd cold, unliving cobblestones. EDWARD A. STEINER said cern was to get men to live th~ filial life as children of their Heavenly This morning, when they stopped the recently in the "Outlook": Father. His teaching has large social wheels because he died, "I am fearing for the future of our implications and consequences, but it And closed the doors out of respect country, not the present. We are for him, is individual in its approach. Hence the fundamental loyalty of a Christian The unexpected freedom only left me in danger of being controlled by a man even in time of war is not to the dazed. ?russian cast of mind; we are fast social group of which he is a member, I could not believe that it was Wednesday, but to God. becoming that which we are fightDr. Raymond C. Brooks of The And I outside the doors with idle ing, and the alien born are finding hands, First Congregational Church of Berthemselves in the midst of the very While all around, the world rushed on keley, California, has expressed practically the same attitude as Dr. Jefwith working. . conditions from which they Aed." ferson's in the words, "whether we I felt so lost and useless and alone. Of what good was it to be not workthink the initial step was wise or uning? ,. wise {that is entering into the war) we And then ,unthinkingly, I took a car are now in it, and we must therefore And it brought me out here. meet as wisely and as manly as possible the responsibility fo r what has been done." To that the pacifist will say, "We be-. Three hours I've lain here in the grass- just r-esting, lieve in co-operating with our government when it is standing Thinking what I thought of long ago, for the right, but when that government deliberately decides Before ·I grew too tired, . through those who are in control to enter upon a course of Feeling what is too beautiful to fed in wearniness: action which is wrong, then we can best be true to our counFor three whole hours I have been alive! try, and ca:n best meet our responsibility as Christian citizens by persistently doing the right, refusing at the same time to have part or iot in the wrong course which the government is It is queer- but grimly true • taking." Our first duty is to God, not to the government. The Because a fat man fed his body over-much fundamental responsibility is not the social, but the individual. And choked his mean and scrubby soul, I have a day of freedom We believe in no goveiument which attempts to coerce the A .p ocalypse DR. consciences of its citizens. Govemment of that sort is of the essence of what some have called "Kaiserism." And if I said what I feel lying here, Remembering what it means to be alive, With the warm earth stirring. under me, I'd say I'm glad- I'm glad he died - ELEANOR In .conclusion, then, it reems .to the pacifists of the country _ that it ought to be evident to anyone who trusts to spiritual values, and to spiritual forces, as supreme that we shall never conquer the ideals for which some of our enemies seem to $land by stooping to their own vicious methods. . Furthermore, --owe believe that the Christian method which has been suggested '"There has not been a be!!er thing done in this -.i~ one whereby we shall "more surely protect and defend the than the establishment of co-operation of which ideals which are our c,ommon possession," even though ed- principal credit.""-WILLIAM E. GLADSTONE. country, • · '· �\ . .. . Pqe t,venty The , Internationalist Is Compulsory Military Training Desirable? -A S~mposium M The simple fact is that our own plutocratic elements have Y primary objection to Compulsory Military Training in the United States is that the scheme itself, whatever discovered the value of compulsion as a means of subduing the motives for which it is urged, is at once reaction~ the laboring masses. Germany has pointed the way, and the ary and suicidal. It would mean the Introduction into a desire to subdue Germany ·is tempered by the desire to adopt democracy of a system fundamentally at variance with its Germany's methods of dealing with the "ungtaded masses." In this they will never succeed as a permanence,-not so principles and which if rigidly carried out for a few , genera~ long ·as America remains America. And the surest way for tions would destroy democracy. · There are two forms of discipline, leading to fwo forms of these demerits to bring down "Bolshevikism" on their own efficiency. The discipline enforced from above, whereby the heads is to persist in attempts to under~ine our own "bour~ individual man becomes "a brick in the wall of an edifice- · geoise" democracy. This country has been built up by free men who have . the nature of which is unknown to him," leads to mass~ efficiency, and individual incompetence. The discipline from something to lose through disorder or despotism, and who within, by which in freedom a man creates his own status, under just conditions are able to take care of themselves and and shares a personal responsibility in all public acts, leads have something left over for the public welfare. -DAVID STARR JORDAN. to individual effectiveness, and through freedom of develo~ >(. >(. :(. ment to national intelligence and wisdom. The purpose of three years of military servitude in Ger~ HE department has not sought and does not now seek many is not to make good soldiers, but to make bad citizens. legislation on the subject of u~iversal military traini~? for the reason that the formulation ·of a permanent mrh~ The purpose and result is blind obedience and docility, abject trust in officialism and abject subservience to the demands of tary policy will inevitably be affected by the arrangements consequent upon the termination of the present war. Civ~ wealth and power. The purpose of the system is industrial quite as much as ilized men must hope that the future has in store a relief military, and in both capacities alike it puts the people at from the burden of armament and the destruction and waste of war. However, when a permanent .military policy comes large at the mercy of the ruling oligarchy. The military system may make for order. The unabashed to be adopted, it will doubtless be conceived in a spirit whicli rule of the rich, characteristic of Germany, makes a com~ will be adequate to preserve against any possible attack on munity comfortable for the favored classes, but it has no those vital principles of liberty upon which democratic inother merit, and being essentially lawless, sooner of later it stitutions are based, and yet to be so restrained as in no goes down in blood. In the various states of Germany there event to foster the growth of mere militarist ambitions or to exists no positive law, -that is, law made by the people and excite the apprehension of nations with whom it is our first for the people. All popular ·rights are gral1ted from royalty desire to live in harmonious and just accord. and all legislation is subject to absolute veto. It is so with - NEWTON BAKER, Secretary of War. :(. :~ >(. all autocracies, and when the brass-bound system breaks, there remains no law at aiL A democracy may be ignorant, AM opposed to Compulsory Military Training, aqp here tyrannical, misguided, but it is never as a whole lawless, for are a few of the reasons for my opposition: its law is of its own creating. I. As training for the body, miltary training is incomplete In favor of Compulsory Military training it is urged that and inadequate; and, moreover, is intended for even less many of our youth lack in physical development. This state- than half the population,-only for the stronger boys, not ment is o.ften exaggerated, but in so far as it is true, mili- for the weaker boys who need physical training the most, and tary drill offers no remedy. not at all for girls. · The only physical training of value in in a well-ordered 2. As mental training, the proposed military training is a gymnasium, or in well-planned camping parties and excur- hopeless failure. It develops blind, stupidly blind and brainsions into the open. To be worth while, all such training less, obedience-automatic, mechanical obedience-just such must be under competent teac~ers and under educational, not obedience as we just now observe in the hordes of the cruel ' military control. To use old troopers as teachers of growing Kaiser. The wild-beast Kaiser sits on a hill, miles from boys, as has been done in Austrailia, shows the worst pos- danger, watching his human automatics, his helplessly obed~ sible way of training boys. ient multitudes bleeding from millions of wounds while they It is, besides, in accord with our principles of Home Rule butcher scores of thousands of their own class-TO KEEP that our schools should be under local control. A system A WILD BEAST SAFE ON HIS THRONE WITH A CROWN managed by a Central Bureau at Washington would be in- ON HIS HIDEOUS HEAD. Otherwise, too, it is a failure tolerable. Then again, boys who are not in school need as mental training. physical training even more than those who are, and girls 3. With respect to social development, military training need it quit. as much as boys. is a disaster. Witness Europe at this awful hour. 4. That such training should be thrust ~pon the children, It is true. that the hope of this war-and the main justifi~ ation for our entrance into it-is that it is "a war to end forced upon them, bound _upon them, to get finally into the .r.'' very blood and fibre of them-is an outrage. •r relation in this regard has been clearly and powerfully 5. The unanimous enthusiasm of the ·profiteers for com\ by the President. To save civilizaton we must ,d o pulsory military training forever damns it as a thing to be ', ¢th armies. Our position at the peace negotiations avoided as a pestilence. I hope for a u~iversal sho~t against it-from the working ~eqfarcial if while declaring for lasting peace we made class. ~ic~ . have AFTER THE WAR, the most powerful -GEORGE R. KIRKPATRICK. ~k f world. T ·I l ,. J -'-- · �v _ ·.. ;..~~ The lnternationaliat Page twenty-one U NLESS this be truly "a war to end war, to establish what of it? You will have had the transport and the ecsta~y a league of peace for the world, the sacrifices of the of your belief in the efficacy of words to· ward off danger. -It's all a · matter of taste.- Some persons prefer phrases to nations will have been in vain. It is with a view to this lofty ideal that both President Wilson and Secretary- Baker facts, hobbie\ to horse sense. They learn nothing and they have expressed disapproval of a policy at present of com- forget everything (except their phrases). Such persons, in pulsoty military training. The sixteen-year-old boy cannot their zeal to guard against militarism, are pretty sure to ta'ke . be a factor in the winning of this war. Why, then, should · the one course which will f'!Sten militarism upon their backs. -- we cast suspicion upon our protestations by deliberate and The Kaiser loves such -people. - They are useful in his .business. He couldn't possibly get along without them. extraordinary preparations for war in the future? · . -W. J. GHENT. The most hated element in what is called "prussi·anism" is the militaristic mind, that mind to which discipline is the highest virtue and the state the sole arbiter of morality. Yet the direct object of military training is the inculcation of this disciplinary ideal. As a lover of Anglo-Saxon traditions, I wish to oppose with all my energy 'the subjection of our free boys to the mental "goose-step." By SCOTT NEARING -JESSIE WALLACE HUGHAN. So many people have spoken and. w-ritten recently :;. :;. :;. about the "stupendous sacrifices some folks are rn.aking F this war is to end war, why universal compulsory milifor the sake of that principle," that I finally decided to tary training? set down . the gains and losses that I. for example, have It does not teach a constructive but a destructive art. . ·experiented during the past three years. It does not begeLqn independent but an obedient soul. First as to gains: It enlists labor into an army revering authority and breeds I. I have gained a number of stanch friends. a power that will suppress all insurrection. 2. I have had my belief in the essential soundness The proletariat's best weapon is not guns but the general of human nature in the mass revived and immensely strike, and universal military training kills the idea and will strengthened by the Russian revolution. suppress the fact. 3. I have seen a new vision of the possible solidarIts complete object lesson is seen in Germany and the ity of labor actually working for the British labor movearmy of the German people invading Russia, deaf to the apment. This makes me more than ever ready for intenpeals of their fellow proletariat, for a real democracy of the national Socialism NOW. people-political, industrial and spiritual. 4. I have seen the peoples of the world try force -CHARLES ERSKINE SCOTT WOOD. and hate as a method of handling social affairs, only .y. :;. :;. to discover, through experiences of unparalleled bitterness, that society can not be maintained on that basis. ROPER physical training is desirable. It can easily be Inevitably people will be compelled to adopt the only had , through the medium of the public schools. But possible social principle-brotherhood and peace. there is no occasion to maike it military. 5, I have seen the theory of economic determinism Compulsory military service has but one object-imperialWORK in the schools, churches, villages ahd cities of Ism. the United States. For me it is a theory no longer, but A big army and navy to keep the working class down at a demonstrated fact. home and to lick everybody that stands in the way of com6. Finally, I have seen the young blood of America mercial supremacy abroad. put to the test and I know that it is red. That'~ the whole story. Against these immense gains, what losses must I set I'm against it. down? What we want is a worid organization formed along demoI have lost: cratic lines- a federation of socialized nations. I. Respectability. This we mustwork for. 2. Academic position. Then there wil[ be no occasiOn for national armies. 3. Income. - JOHN M. WORK. All of these losses are the merest social t~ys. Weighed in the balance of the ages, they are dust. But the OMPULSORY military training is, under existing congains? ditio~~· desirable_ or undesi~able according to the s?~ial They are the sign posts that point inexorably to a condition at which you aim. If you regard pohtJcal world state, built upon industrial democracy and aiming democracy as worth- retaining and as a step in the direction toward the brotherhood of man. of social democracy, compulsory military training is desirable. If you are quite indifferent to the maintenance of political democracy; if you are fond of repeating the drivel that it ' makes rto difference whether your employer is an American capitalist or a T euton field-marshall; if you prefer to delude I rejoice at 'every effort workingmen make to organize ; I yourself with phrases and dwell (for a time) in a Bolshevik fool's paradise, then compulsory military training is highly do not care on what basis they do it. Men sometimes say undesirable. Of course, you run the risk that sooner or later to me, "Are you a~1 Internationalist?" I say, "I do not a well-armed nation will come along and ovemm yqur people, know what an Internationalist is." "But," they tell me, lay upon you an enormous burden of tribute and reduce you is a system by which the workingmen from London to to an ac.tual slavery which will make you remember the thing raltar, from Moscow to Paris, can clasp hands." ·rou nQw call wage"slavery as a state .of ethereal bliss. I3ut say, "God speed to that or any similar movement," Concerning Losses and Gains I P C Wendell Phillips on Internationalism �The Internationalist Minutes , By Mary Allen J OE'S eyes left the wheel for a moment to peer anxiously at his wife. "Warm enough, Bill?" "Sure! " She snuggled further down in the auto seat. A low growl issued from the blanket which covered .her knees, a dog's sleepy protest. "Be still Mike! I've got to move once in awhile." "You oughtn't to hold that dog, Bill. Put him down-the darn nuisance!" "Mike," said Bill, "joe's cross. Get down." Growling his dissatisfaction, Mike rolled from her lcip. She giggled girlishly. "Isn't it funny-" "Funny-" joe's hands clenched the wheel. "You've got a sewing machine and a victrola and a second-hand Ford and a dog and a wife and almost a baby. Gee, Joe! You're getting rich! You didn't have anything last year when I married you!' Noting his silence, she reached up and squeezed his face against hers. "Now don't you worry, kid. It's going to be all right." "It's got to be," he said grimly. "You'll get a job at San Pedro." "If only that San Diego job had held out a few months longer!" he groaned. "I may get a job but it won't pay much." "joe," she asked wistfully, "do you blame me?" "Blame you? Good God, no! " "I've noticed something here lately, joe. You've got a wrinkle right between your eyes. And you're only twentythree. And I've felt kind of bad because I thought I made it." "Not much you didn't, you crazy kid." "I tried to be satisfied with Mike," her vo1ce very low, "but somehow he didn't fill the bill." "Let them that wants to, nurse a pup. My wife's going to have the real thing if she wants it. I'm a pretty poor stick if I can't keep a wife and kid." He sent the car ahead with a spurt. "Poor little Bill ! Trying to be satisfied with a dog because I said we couldn't afford a baby! Say, that day I caught you looking in that window full of kid do-dads, crying- - " ·"I wasn't!" "You was- You might have fooled some, but you couldn't fool me! I saw your eyes. Say I wanted to crawl off into a gopher hole and die, I felt so small." He slowed down to take a curve. "We must be close to Capistrano. See what tiine it is. will you, 'Bill?" She struck a match and held it against the face of her husband's watch. "Eight twenty-five," she replied. "We'll make San Pedro before midnight easy. Gosh! What if I can't find a job! " He grew clammy and limp at the thought. "Of course you will," Bill declared confidently. "If only -0-0h! Joe!-- " Joe saw the glare but it was to.late. A crash-a woman's scream-a stunning blow:-excited voices giving orders- his ..., .......~...~ grasped no more. he had not yet completely lost consciousness. His being 'seemed to be reaching out, groping in agony • · It lay just beyond the whirlwhite and red and black circles that were en. gulfing him. What was it? Bill-was she safe-the kida job--jnl-- that was what he was after-a job. On.e more grinding_ pain-one more wrench-and he would reach itthere behind the darkening circles. · He reached again and slipped--down--down into darkness and silence. · Eons of time. · Then his senses began ·to reach out once more. At first they knew nothing but pain. But they were not his senses. Plainly someone had a horrible pain somewhere. He finally located it in some one's head. At last in his, Joe's head. . Where was he? Then it came to him. Ther~ had been an auto accident. Where was Bill? He raised himself and looked around. His shattered car first met his eye. Then Mike: a shred -of mangled flesh. Poor little devil. But thank God Bill had something better than a dog. Bill? He rose and found her. Some men were bending over her and there was blood on her head in her hair. He knelt down and took her head on his knee but she did not open her eyes. Bill was dead. Well, he always knew that life with Bill was too good to last. He paid no attention to the group of men and they paid no attention to him, until one of them said, "Here's the doctor." The doctor was a little man in huge tortoise shell glasses with brown lenses. He spoke in a whisper, a sort of rasping hiss. "Who may you be and what do you want?" he rasped 'at Joe. "My wife,:· joe _replied humbly, "She's dead." The doctor glanced at her carelessly. "Pooh! She isn't dead. Her skull's fractured.'; Joe's heart gave a great bound. "Not dead?" "Not 1yet, but she may be tomorrow." "Oh!" Joe's tears began to come now. "She'll need two operations. That bone in the head must be lifted and the child must be taken. How long is she pregnant?" "Eight months." "Yes, yes," the doctor rasped, "The child must be removed, and I'm the only doctor in the state who can performthe operation. Young man, it's a lucky thing I happened to be driving along here. Science and skill are at your command but it will cost you a good many hundred dollars." "Oh God!" joe gasped. "I always demand my pay in advance.'' Joe got down on his knees in the dirt. "Doc, I can't pay in advance. I've only got ten dollars, but if you'll save my wife, I'll work my fingers off to pay you." "Hum! You don't look like a fellow that can be trusted." "Doc, I swear to God I'll pay you if you'll only give me time." "Have you a job?" "No, but I'm sure I can get one at San Pedro. Let me try, Doc. Doc, let me try." • ''Well, all right. I'll take her to my hospital and operate. You go right ' over to the station. There's a train due for San Pedro." "Doc," joe beseeched timidly, 'Td like to stay and see how the operation turns out.'" · "Yes," hissed the doctor, "and lose the job. Go, or I'll �! The ln J ernationalist Pa~e twenty-three let your wife die right here." among them, had huge hammers with which they hammered joe ran all the way to the · station. He fell once and all day long~ Each man took his turn~ne-t\v~three­ bumped his head. He almost missed his' trai~ but. managed four-five-Joe was five·, and every time his hammer fell it to swing on to the last car. His head ached intensely. But jarred his head. He hammered for he knew not how long, he would not complain of an aching head, for Bill was lying until one night the · paymaster gave him a bill.· He folded on a white glass table. He shuddered, he groaned in· his it in a small wad and put it away in his pocket to save for agony when he thought what they might be doing to Bill. the doctor. Then the paymaster called him back, ~aying he Poor Bill! Poor ·little Bill! What a shaft of light she had had a message for him. been in his life-her funny little tilted nose, her gay, foolish "You're wif,e .is dead." · talk, her girlish giggle! And now she was lying on a white "No," Joe said. . "Yep," said the paymaster. glass table and he must not think what they were doing to her. If his head went back on him he could not look for a Dead. job . . . . "Can I gef a co~ple of day~ off?" he asked the boss. "My name's Wilma," she had told him when he first met · "I guess so," the boss replied grudgingly. her, "but my friends call me Bill." Joe did not stop to change his clothes. He made a wild "I guess I'm your friend, Bill, ain't I?" he asked, and she dash for a passing car; .. missed, and fell sprawling upon the · tracks. -··., · had said she guessed so. . . Then that other time. He . had bitterly said, "A guy He rose and limped away, his hand · holding his· aching head. He began to laugh. It was just like a movie show, like me can't get married." "Why?" she had asked. it was! The whole blooming thing had been like a picture "I never had a chance to learn a trade. I'm just a roust- show, with him the main guy, pulling off one· fool stunt after about. I'll never. have anything. I'd be a dirty scoundrel anpther! A breeze fanned his face, and something spla;hed upon it. to ask a girl to take me. She wouldn't get many of these." He had touched her transparent waist where a lacey edge Was it raining? -He turned his forehead upward, hoping the of dainty undergarment showed through. drops might soothe the intolerable ache. But even th~ sky "Pooh! Clothes don't cost much when you make your was against him. The splashes were hot and brought no own and know where to buy cheap. Besides--" she had solace. . • • said the rest so low he had to bend pretty close to hearThe idea that he was a part in a picture drama persisted. "If a girl cared- " He seemed to step outside himself and as though seated in a She stopped here, giggled a little, then started to cry. So theatre, he watched ~is own wild antics as .they reeled past. he had married although his common sense told him he He saw himself in a jitney rolling at a mad pace along a hadn't any business to. And now she was on a glass table. crowded boulevard; he saw the jitney miss other cars by a His mind rose and fell in beats with the engine, over the thumb's width, curling in and out as though reeling home fact that she was on a glass table. It was almost unbearable from a spree; he saw himself sometimes walking, for the and he experienced no relief when he left the train at w.ost part running, along interminable city blocks ; he saw San Pedro. himself staring upward at a great white stone building with He started directly for the shipyards. At last a job was a cross on the tower; he saw himself stumbling, always in sight. But it was not goirig to be easy to get it. ·His stumbling, up the stone steps~ through the open doorway ; he path seemed to be strewn with obstacles. He lost his way "Saw himself addressing a young girl in white dress and nurse's and had to climb fences to reach the shipbuilding district. cap who smiled at him pertly; he saw her shak~ her head and He encircled many huge buildings only to find that he had point down the street ; he sa~ himself hurrying off in the come back to where he started from. Once he was caught direction she had pointed, where there was another building, in a ·small rear yard and a policeman threatened to arrest long and low, a great many potted palms in the window and him, but he had begged so hard thta the policeman finally a sign across the front- "Undertaking Parlors- Ladies a let him go with a warning. Also the policeman thumpec\, Specialty." He saw himself being · Jed to the rear of the him on his sore head with a billy. It made it ache worse than building, through ··a long dark hall, and at the end of the ever. hall a door, which was opened; lfe saw himself in a roomFinally he reached an employment office. There was a stone walls; bare, save for a slab in the middle, upon which long line of men .outside. He took his plat e at the end, and · · was something wrapped in a sheet. He saw h.imself creeping after waiting what seemed centuries he was given a hearing. toward the sheet and reaching forth a trembling hand. He ::what's ~o4,r trade?" he ~a~.ked. saw ~imself turn back the sheet and bare the pretty face I haven t a trade. I can- of Btll! "Get out! Get out!" the man roared at him: As he And now he was no longer a puppet in a picture. He seemed to be looking for something to hit him with, Joe got was Joe with a heart so sore he could not even weep. Had out. He was afraid of another blow on his very sore head. it not been for the gash across her forehead, he could almost He began his wandering again, and this time he was more have thought she smiled. The little brown freckles across fortunate. her tilted nose looked browner than ever against the pallor He got his job. of her skin. He figured out the wages he would get. It was hard to Joe looked around · furtively, His hand stole into his poefigure because his head hurt, but he finally made out that ket where he felt something cold and hard. Stealthily he as the baby was lost, he and Bill could save enough to pay clutched it, drew it out and opened the largest blade. Then the doctor's bill in about five years. he let it fall clattering to the floor. He· remembered. He He worked in a daze. He hardly knew what his job was, had sworn on his kneP.s to pay the doctor. He could not except that he had to to a great deal of pounding. Five kill himself. He must go back to his job and pay his bills. men stood iri a circle. One of them was a Chinaman whom The undertaker seemed to rise from nowhere. He Joe thought he knew. He had been cook on a ranch where picked up t~e ·knife, ·and gently slid it i!lto h!s own Joe haq 9Dce worked harvesting.- The five men, Joe He rubbed hts hands together apd _spoke tn a stlky at ' ... ; �P..e twmty-four The 1nternation.alist "We'd better go now and pick a coffin,"' he purred. Now what? Well, Bill should have her flowers! That's A new horror clutched Joe. '"I haven't got any money-" what! he began. . .Grasping the flowers firmly, he jumped. And fell. "Om-, dear, how unfortunate," sympathized the underHe cursed wildly. Damn it! Why should ·he ahYiiY-S fall'? taker, "But do not fret, my friend. We have board ones for He tried to. rise . to his feet, tried to reach for the apple that kind." blossoms that were scattered all around, but his head ·swam "I don't want a board one," .Joe whispered, "l want it so he could not. A cool breeze fanned his face, and .some· white-pure white--,--white silk." thing spl!lshed upon it. Was· it raining? The drops were "Dear, dear, but the .money. I must be paid in advance." hot. Even the sky was against -hiirt·. He ' heard a man's voice as if miles _away. "He's cJ~ing "Give me time, and I'll pay you. I'll work," Joe said. . "Impossible. I assure you, board ones are entirely satis- ' round all right. Just a bump on the head." factory. You must use a board 011e. And flowers~ Can . · Then a woman's voice. "Joe!" we afford a few flowers?" Joe lay very still. Gosh! Was he dead? And had the "Yes," said joe desperately, his hand seeking the folded preadber's got the right dope after all? bill-the doctor's money. "She's going ·to have lots of "Bill!" he whispered faintly. "Oh kid! I thought you'd never come to!" The splashes · flowers. I'll go get them." He went out and found a florist's shop. He looked long fell like hot rain upon his face. "Is this heaven?" he asked feebly. in the window, trying to make up his mind what he should "Heaven!" buy. He finally decided upon violets and white carnations. . "Are'nt you dead?" Bill liked sweet smelling flowers best. He ordered ten dollar's worth, then reached in his pocket "No I'm not hurt the teeniest little bit. Nobody's hurt but for the money. It was not in the pocket where he had tucked you-not even Mike. But you· got an awful bump, 'Joe. it away. He turned the pocket inside out to be sure. Then Feel the lump on your head." "If we'd been going fast, somebody might have been all his other pockets. It was not there. It was gone. Lost. killed," one of the dim figures around him interposed. "We Dropped perhaps, when he had taken out his knife. broke your lights and sma~hed the fender, but we'll pay for. "Will you trust me for the flowers?" he said. ' · The florist did not answer for a full minute. Then he it of course." said, "What do you think I am?" and turned his back. Joe rubbed his hand up· and down Bill's body and across. Head bowed, Joe retraced his steps. Suddenly he smelled her forehead. He stroked her warm healthy flesh with resomething-an enchanting odor, just above him. Apple turning confidence. "What day was it?" blossoms! Great branches of them! How Bill loved apple "What day was what, kiddie?" · blossoms! "The day I was hurt." He looked up the road and down the road, but saw no "Why, tonight! Just now!" one. He vaulted over the fence and climbed the tree, to Joe sat up dizzily and looked at his watch. the topmost branches where the blossoms were thick. He It wa; eight thirty! ~ broke them off lavishly. Bill had told him the time at eight twenty-five. Five · He heard a shout. Across the garden\, a man was running, ' gesticulating fiercely. He was a little man in huge tor- minutes ago. Five minutes! toise shell glasses with brown lense'Sl. My God! The doc· joe laid down again and asked for a drink. tor! The Trouble With T·he Soc-ialist · Party A - S an agency . in diffusing the philosophy of Socialism throughout society, the Socialist party has been a brilliant success. As a theory, Socialism has been made popul~r by the Socialist party. But this work is done, and the urgent need is for an active, potent, virile, agency to carry the theory into practice, and make Socialism a real force in politics and industry. Whether or not the Socialist party is to-bi:come this agency depends upon the ability of the organi· zation to adapt itself to new requirements. If it persists in being inflexible, if it persists in becoming a narrow creed based on what some patron saint thought, said, or wrote several years ago, its use-fulness will soon become that of a · historic reiic, a fossilized effect of a past evolutionary period. There is absolutely no doubt that Socialism, like all forces of , evolution, has power to secure those ways and means nec· essary to accomplish its ends; but the rapidity of its forward movement in the immediate future · depends upon whether -the Socialist party is to become an obstruction clinging to the past, nr....n organization that can .move forward, both revolutionary · efficient. ~b1sol111tely impossible for the Socialist 'p arty to carry before it without more funds. More funds can --~~;,J;;;_.A:::.ilio:.Lc.,; _;_,~"'"'· [ ' ' ..,_ . - . / '~ ' \ '• only be secured by raising the membership dues. And even with more funds, if administration is to continue as ununified, sc3.ttered, and inefficient as it is today. the increased income will be wasted as«asily as the pr~sent income is wasted, as far as accomplishing effective results are concerned. tf the membership dues were raised to ten dollars per year the cost to the average Socialist would be no greater than at present, for most every Socialist gives as much or more than this each year to be spent inefficiently and ineffectually. The Socialist party must ·adopt a radical change in its relation toward the labor movement, for no Socialist or~aniza­ tion can longer prosper unless .it is organized both politically and industrially. It had as well be admitted first as last that there is little common ground for a labor movement that recognizes the profit system as a legitimate social institution and the Socialist party that professes to abhor that system and is determined to destroy it. There must be a labor organization within the Socialist party, for, unless the party is able to • champion the cause of the revolutionary working class both on the political and the industrial field, i.t can not carry out the historic mission of socialism awd must relegate itself to the " - · H. A. MERRICK•. ;~.past. L. b......:-.... - -~;:;::&iii~~~~~~~~ �The lnternationalht Pqe lwenly·6ve Two Poems·· The Vagabond :. ·-·~ wander alone upon the .earth. have no friend, no wife, no child to' call my own. Not a soul shares the rigors or the joys of my way. And yet, I am but rarely ·sad, Perhaps there is a little sadness in my days, Like that which creeps into the days of Indian 3ummerA sadness whimsical, transitoryThat casts transparent shadows On gleaming colors and . gay fancies And quivers in the music of the sudden gusts of wind That set the _leaves to rustling down the footpaths By slow riv ers. But for the most part I am glad. And why not be glad! Though I am scorned and outcast, I am far more free Than men who in the ci ties madly labor On the treadwheel of the Money God, Foreve r hoping to reach Freedom on the step above, But forever findin g it no nearer. Their endl ess toil makes drab and their petty vices tarnish The soul s which should be radiant. Their futile scorn but gives me courage to go on my way. Then, too, there are the nights. When city men, searching for the day's lost joy In dives and tawdry _dance halls, · Drown their souls in uncouth, rakish clamors, I watch the moon rise silently and gild the fog-haze on the · . hills; watch the short, swift journeys of the shooting stars, So like careers of humans mad for glory. One moment they blaze forth meteoric, dazzling, And then vanish, Leaving but the question whence they come .and whence they go. And pondering on that question, Out there beneath the 1;tern, blue vault of Heaven, I seem almost to grasp the Infinite Yea, but I am glad! - ELEANOR WENTWORTH. Yea, I am glad! For days which men in cities spend in paying For a Past that was a burden and saving For a Future that may never come, I spend in glorying in the Here and Now. Though I am alone, My loneliness gives me time To joy in Life's evanescent glories, Which the toil-driven in haste pass by Or vainly dream on. So, on sweet summer mornings, When men, bound to the gri nding whtds of Commerce, Wake, unwilling, to the summons of the city, Protesting, as they hear the clang of cars, the shriek of whistles, The dull, increasing roar of wagons on th e pavement, "Must we still go on! " I drift from dream-free sl umbers into a fresh new day, And, as the morning wind moves softly Through tall grasses and low-bending trees, I listen tensely while the first faint stirrings of the F ores! World · Swell mightier and mightier into a song that sencJs up to-· the · _s~ the cry -i "We're glad to live! So glad to live! " \ And in th.~ iong days When the city-bound bend limp and joyless over galling tasks, That cramp their muscles, · dull their eyes and numb th~ir souls, . I trudge far _down my winding, luring road, My muscles sinewy like the young ~reen tree, Head up before the friendly onslaughts of the winds. And when those wonder-working winds, . That spread the pollen in the spring and the rip~ seed in the fall, Sing to me their wild, exotic songs; My soul, care-free and joyous, answers them, As does the meadow lark. J Immaturity A gaffer scored a gay young boor: "Young man," he carped, "You're immature! A cub, a tadpole, just a sprol!t) The way you prance and gag and spout Is more than man can long endure. Yuung sir, you're callow, immature!" "Oh," cried the wag, "Now, you don't say! That means I'm far from your decay. Go on and rave! .. Maturity, Old sire, is no decoy for me . . The ripe vine falls into decline; The sprout has still · to be a vine! "I know if you but had your way, For my red blood you'd give me whey And for my spontaneity, Old dogmas· tempered carefully. Methuselah, I do abjure Them all. Hurr'\y,l'm immature!" -ELEANOR ,,.,...."""''"'"·"'· �Page lwenly·six 'J:he Internationalist The Poetry of Ruth Le Prade By David Bobapa R UTH LE PRADE, one of the most promising of the younger group of Western writers, early espoused the cause of humanity. Her poetry is palpitant with life and love for all life. Passing through the ·weary way of crass materialism into a rich and beautiful life of spirituality, she has caught the vision of a democratic earth. Activity in the Socialist and Pacifist movements has brought her into pram- · inence in the radical world. Her poetry was early recognized by Edwin · Markham, who wrote a beautiful tribute to the young Los Angeles poet in his introduction to her book, "A Woman Free, and Other Poems." Ruth bega n her lit er<).ry career by contributions to the Socialist and labor pr66s of California under the title of "In Passing." She is known by her Golden State comrades by the simple name of "Ruth." "A Woman Free" is one of the finest pceons of liberated womanhood in current literature. It begins: Oh I am a woman free ! My song Flows from my soul with pure and joyful strength. I shall he heard lhru all the noise of things/\ song of joy where songs of joy were not. My sisll'r singers, singing in the past, Sang songs of melody but not of joyFor woman's name was sorrow, a nd the slave Is never joyfu l, tho he smiles. I il m a woman free. T oo long I was held a captive in the dust. Too long . My soul was surfeited with toil "or ease And ro lled as the plaything of a slave. I am il vvoman free at last Afrer the c rumbling centuries of time. Free lo achieve and understand ; Free lo become and live. And, after reciting the story of woman's emancipation, fhe poem ends: Oh I am free ! My son~: Flows from my soul with pure and joyful strength; It shall be heard thru all the. noise of thingsA song of joy where songs of joy were not. Oh I am free ! I thrill With radiant life and gladness. I advance towards all that wait;;--for me. I chan I the song of freedom as I go. My face is toward the sun, My soul is toward the light, ~ My feet are turned toward all that waits for me. I ai:lvance! I advance ! Let ignorance and Tyranny Tremble at sound of my song I Ruth has ever been a devotee at the shrine of liberation, and one of her latest poems, published for the first time in "The Dead Line" is : THE R~BEL If God is a tyrantThen shall I rebel against him; I shall summon hosts of angels To rebel against' ·him; I sh all never rest ' Until with Satan as my ally I storm the gates of heavenAnd overthrow Him I It is with a different vision that Ruth turns to the beauties f nature, when her heart swells with such songs as: THE PURPLE '*1STERIA .wisteria gi:ows upward, seeking the stars, is• its · perfume. strangely sweet; are its leaves, fairy leaves; walk ip the moonlight near the purple wisteria which grows upward, towards the stars. walk in the mo\)nlight near the slr<1nge, sweet flower that 1 love so. Oh the mystery of the · night is in my blood! And the charm of the moonlight is in my heart! And the fragrance of the flower thriUs thru my ·soul ! Oh I am mad with strange and passionate joy! Flower that I love so, flower that grows upward, seeking the stars; Flower with strange, sweet perfume and the silver fairy .leaves ; Why do you thrill me with such strange and passionate joy? Why do you madden me with ecs.tasy divine: Flower that I love so, your beauty vibrates thru my soul foreverOh help me upward, for I, too, am seeking the stars! Like a benediction from the Man of Galilee, reads: ....1: WE CANNOT MOUNT ALONE Oh I would mount to the bright stars; I would be jt•yful always; 1 would be pure and full of strength; But alas, I cannot- For as long as .one man· is sorrowful and broken I, too, am sorrowful and broken. · As long as one woman is surrounded with vileness I, too, am surrounded with vileness; And as long as one soul is weak I, too, am weak. No bird falls to the earth with broken wings; No lily's lovely whiteness turns to brown But I, too, am affected. And as lo ng as one small child sobs in the night My heart . will answer, sobbing too. The stars are bright, tho they are far away. I cannot mount to them alone, Nor would I if I could. I am no nearer to· them than the level of the lowest nll:!1. I can but lift myself by raising him. Humanily is one, we cannot rise apart : And joy, that strange. swe.e t thing whoch ;.11 me~ Is never found by those who seek alone. ,d,, The sta rs are bright tho .they a re fa r away. We cannot climb Inwards them apart. Oh let u.s wake. thrilled with radiant love. And mount forever upward, hand in hand! A strange cry of vividity we discover in the openmg lines of "Because Your Beauty Is": Darkness, Earthquake and Storm, And I in the ruins alone, With my crumbling heart at my feet. Then the luminous whiteness of your soul •hone down upon me; And I lifted my face unto your love-A love which folds all creatures to, your breast, The love of Socrates and Christ; Understanding all, Forgiving all, Hoping all- And I was glad Because your beauty is I Ruth is young in years of this life, but an old soul, universal in . her loves and passions. She has lived such messages as: · · ~ . I have loved winds that wander, tossing trees, tossing the silver leaves ; Touching my body softly or with rude strength; Blowing thru my hair; saluting me puaing on. r I ~ r-< �. The lnternationali&t I have loved Bowers that blow; Silver lilies, purple poppies, orange Bowers, honeysuckles, . pansies. lilacs, geraniums. violets. I have loved the contact of gr~s. and of the trees ; Of the brown earth, pregnant with promise. . 'f. :to 'f. Because I have clasped hands with nature I can clasp hands more knowingly with man. Oh I have thrilled with all his strange and passionate joy; And I have wept with all his sorrows. I have loved him in his beauty an"d his strength; I have l.oved him in his struggle and his pain. I have loved him to the heights and depthsAnd I have l!nder.stood. Oh more than everything have I loved man. I have loved man more than God' For man is God made manifest. And tho the race. its false conves~tion& spumed. Would cry us doYt'll into the d.pths of hell. We rise triumphant, hurling our glad ~-orcls Across eternity' The stars bow they are true! nue is no For the pedanticism of the ages Ruth has her fling: Oh these exahe.rs of ruson, of the cold intdlKt ; These worshlpper5 at the tombs of the dead; These men of petty vision and of rules! · With dead languages, dead philosophies, dead thots. .lhey shut themselves from the sunlight, And demand that others do likewise. · Ruth would weld the heart of humar.ity into a perfect unity, and her faith visions through triumph ~f I AM A WOMAN AND I LOVE SOLIDARITY Amid the darkness and the doubt I kneel and do not know. Around me the wild dust Of unforgollen dreams is blown; And in my ears the sound of tortured souls. In the IDng night a word was spoken; And when the Maslen heard itThey who feed on children's blood and women's ReshThey his! their faces from the stan imd cried: "It must not be I" Amid the ho rrors of the dark I kneel and do not know. I do not know, I do' not know, In the long night a word was spoken; And when the workers heard itThey who build the world with strength and fearful painThey turned their faces towards the stars and cried: "It shall be so!" . There is no t anything I know- Except- I am a woman and I love; I am a woman and I love-- In the long night a word was spoken; A single word- yet empires fell and systems turned to dust. And thru the lessening gloom a white bird rose, Singing a hymn unto the dawn. Not one man only, but all men; Not one child only, but all children; And not one nation only, but the world. And what a rapturous little stanza this: Dos t liwu know where the fairies live? The fairies live in the lilies white, And in the sil ver soft moonlight; The fairies live in mad delight Within my heart- tonight. price too rreat to pay for lon. It is not pouible to Ion toD aadt ! They are but ghouls F casting on the dead. The same theme shines recurrent m: ' ...<·1/ '-- I And still another gem of different type: II Forget? Forget I Perhaps when the stars have crumbled And the dust of the worlds blow wild I will forget. In past incarnations the soul of Ruth has known the white heat of passion, else how were such lines as: Perhaps when my tortured soul Has risen from its last cross I will forget. IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO LOVE TOO MUCH Forget? Forget! Yes, I will forget When you have forgotten. If I had loved you less, I might have heen a happy woman, So they say. If I had loved less, · If I had not ventured all- and lost. If I had not hurled defiance At the cold respectability of man And facctl the censure of a world. ut, You Like Like Like dear, I could qot love yDLf les5. 1e into my life a song when all was still. a bird where birds were not, a bright star in a black, black night. I could not love you less ; I would not give the wild, strange sweetness of vn~· Ieiss, The sound of your dear xoice saying, " I love you •For everything the "'orld 'lould yield. • If I had loved you less, I might have hdd you longer. But, dear. I would not breathe one word of blame. Whatever you ha e done, I know That for a while you loved me. We few sad souls wbo sl.ray with Love Out of the cage where men have bid us sing, Have leamed some tbi.qs ...nae we were 'mid the ~tars. From Ruth's manuscripts I select, almost at random, this poem, written a few days ago, and unchristened: unpu~lished Do not ask for my love I have locked the door of my heart, I have thrown away the key. h is usdess to "nsk for my love, · I have locked the door of my heart ; I have thrown away the key. But who is this who comes striding over the earth) And what is it he holds in his hand?Oh. now I tremble and am afraid I Ruth is not an tmttator. She possesses originality and in the few years that I have known her, has grown in power, and is expressing her message unhampered by conventionality. She does, however, belong to that school of poets represented by the greatest of all American singers. the Good Gray Poet. It is appropriaie to close this little visit to Ruths.'s Los Ang-eles home with her tribute TO WALT WHITMAN Dea.r Father; you called for tho&e who were to justify you. Behold they appear I With a loud shout they IIIIIIOUIIU '-lves. �1- The Page twenty-eil!ht I n t'er n a t i on a li 1 .t . The lmpote ln ce - of Direct Actio.n By Alaaioa S.easioas L ESTER F. WARD, probably without a peer in the realm will abou~d. of course, but the uninitiated yout~ is not inof sociology, has elabor~ted a celebrated theory entitled dined to travel the devious pathways necessary m such a "The Indirect Method." casP. to acquire the liquor habit. The gist of this theory is · that all progress is made by Out~ide of this, however; little good will result. Our direct . adapting means . to . an end. Any advancement or improve;. - . action friends, the prohibitionists, fail to · consider the underment is accomplished by strategy and direct action is 'the very lying cause of inebriety. They naively suppose that the only .reason that men imbibe injurious beverages is because those negation of strategy. To illustrate: A huge stone is to .be moved. Tl)e first ini- drinks exist. And, of course, proceeding upon this hypothepulse of the unthinking savage is to use "direct action" on · sis, its corollary follows, namely, that the .way to abolish the stone, and so he attacks it with his bare hands. The man intemperance is to banish alcohol. of reason, however, employing strategy, adopts a policy of This entire line of reasoning is fallacious and superficial. indirection action, and,,. securing a stick of timber, uses it as The man who craves the intt:mperate use of alcohol is either a lever. He .thus moves the stone. . abnormal or else he is surrounded by abnormal social and The latter method is doubtless a circumlocutory one, but economic ·institutions. As. the vast majority of men are congenitally normal, it follows that social and ec'onomic conits efficacy, compared with the · former, is indubitable. 1 This great principle is applicable to movements of social ~itio~s ~re largely re~pons~ble for the appalling amount of reform. There are many Teform organizations extant that mtox1cants consumed m . this country annually. come under the general classification of direct actionism. ~he number of econo~ic and social_causes of _inebri~ty are ' Among them are the prohibitionist parties, the associations legiOn, . and an enu~erahon of all of them would ~eqmre the campaig-ning for legislation abolishing sex vice, and others space .m a good-sized book. But we can safely say that of a similar nature. While such legislation often accom- most of _the~ .come under the general head of POVERTY. Francis Willard, one of the noblest women of our century,plishes· good, it rarely effects a fundamental solution of the evils which it seeks to remedy, and oftentimes it renders con- and an indefatigable worker in t~e _cau~e o!, temperance, in an address shortly before she d1ed, said: For twenty-five ditions far more complicated than they were previ·ously. Th d ]iaht abat t 1 · . t t fl t years, I have said that intemperance was the cause of poverty. I emen ~ws dm dmanybs I~ hes are agran I now say, after twenty-five ye~rs' experience, that POVel .re T"h · examp es. ese aws. we_re mten ~ to a o IS , to. a greater ERTY IS THE CAUSE OF INTEMPERANCE " or lesser extent, prostitutiOn and Its attendant evils. Af~ Ch H R II d" f h F "M. · R b . 1 h h 1 f ·1 d d h" b ester . owe , e 1tor o t e resno ornmg epu • severa I yea1 s, not on y ave t ese aws a1 e to o t Is, )" .. f b d · · I I k d f d" the unlicensed and uninspected prostitutes, plying their tr-ade Jcadn.' . a hman ho f 11roa. socJa out 00 ~n ho da~tokun mbg · ] h d 1 d" ·1 h SJ.tua- eru Itlon, as t e o owmg to ~ay concernmg t e rm pro I d estme can y, ave sprea venerea 1sease untl t e I "M ·f h r ·11 b b tion has become deplorable. em, _ost men , 1 t ey ~annot get 1qu? r.• Wl e_ so er most The scientific way to deal with sex vJce is to ascertain of the time. ~ost men,_ If they can get. ~lquor, wJIJ be drunk · h are· 1arge1y soc1a · 1 aild ecnnomi·c, and mo.st of the time. hves are dbarreii th e CAUSES , · w1uc u d hIt IS .those I whose k . . . and . . t th monotonous an w ose 11ves ac resource an Imtiahve, th en erad 1ca e em. h II d "d · h f rom . · d" t th d t · t . t I th w o norma y nee outs1 e coercion to protect t em Th 1s· m !Tee me o , rue, IS no so spec acu ar as e d . k .. nHn · . d 'd d · · b S · 1· h 1 direct method, but it constitutes a fundamental remedy. p h"b' · "II · b) . )" h d ere IS a can I a miSSIOn y a non- OCla 1St t :tt t1e 1 ro thitiObn Wfil . · ul nquelsthon~ll by tahccombp IS sfomthe goo · sanest method of abolishing a great portion of drunl;cnnes·s A.mong e ene cia resu s WI e e a sence o e corner . d ·h d . 1· · d' · . 1 ·· t t tl " t t th th Bl" d · JS to surroun men Wit ·· ecent rvmg con Itlons. sa oon cons an Y emp e passmg you · m pigs Prohibition,.. unless accompanied by a program m:::':cri;;'!· · ameliorating the working and .living conditions of mc01 a nr1 women, can ·accomplish little. Much praise h'ls been hc::n:.:rl Rough ·arc they with the touch of the wind; upon the ex-Czar of Russ~a for prohibiting the consU!!l"llion Magnetic with the touch of the sun; of the national drink, vodka, b.u t recent - reports have been And their voices arc strong, beautiful. verified that the miser~ble peasants, in their extremity, have resorted to the use of various poisonous concoction;; that But those who fedred you and ran from you Arc equally frightened by them. have caused the death of hundreds. l11e past-worshippers, the mediocre, the feeble-souled, the tinyThis is eloquent proof that the causes that make fo'r inminded, the scholars who feed on dead men's bones,ebriety persist, unalleviated, even after the adoption of proAII these are confused and recede. hibition. What the world needs is a sane economic and social arThey will have none of you nor · your fearless brood. They shut themselves in closed houses, fearing the wind; rangement of society. The soul-deadening poverty, financial The sunlight might fade their carpets; so they die. worry and nerve-wracking economic uncertainty that characterize our present social sysiem are almost entirely ' responsOh' why did yoo ask to be justified? ible for the liquor evils. When these evils have been abolishTo the understanding you are already justified; ed by an era of co-operation, laws, passed for the purpose And to the resi you can never be. of abolishing social maladjustments, Will be universally conDoes the earth need to be justified? or the sun? sidered utopian and unnecessary. • ° Wise men once said the ea;·th was Oat. 1l1e earth in ·its greatness was silent. And if I, gazing at the sun, Contend it gives no light- .L .....ty prou my~ll • £.ol. :r.. :(. :(. ""I believe the Co-operative movement, by purifyil)g .and elevating commerce. will make it a nobler and worthit:r instrument for promoting the friendship of the world."-Sir Wilfrid Lawson . �/ The Internationalist Page twenty-nine The Future of ·the: Socialist ·P arty By Ra.lpla Korarolcl T HE editor has asked me to write my opinion about the future of the Socialist party. It is a bold undertaking .in these bewildering days to write about the future of any existing thing. · It seems as if destiny of late had taken a special pleasure in putting prophets to shame. I have an acquaintance who is noted for diplomacy. When asked a question he generally replies, "Yess and no," and then proceeds to argue both possibilities. This is an excellent rule for a prophet to follow; and I shall confine my prophecies to what may happen if certain eventualities transpire, and to what may happen if they do not transpire. This will give me at least two chances of being proven not altogether wrong. There has been a remarkable increase in the socialist vote since our participation in the war. The National office of the party gives out the following figures: New York City: 1913, 32,000; 1917, 150,000. Chicago: 1916, 16,000; 1917,85,000. Cleveland: 1915, 6,000; 1917, 27,000. Dayton: 1916, 4,800; 1917, 12,000. Toledo: 1915, 2,800; 1917, 14,903. Rochester : 1916, I ,450; 1917, 8,200. There has not been a corresponding increase in party membership. The National office announces that the membership has passed the I 00,000 mark. This is an increase of about twenty to twenty-five percent since our entrance into the war; it is about 25,000 less than the highest level reached by the party. Still one has to consider that many timid people are fearful to join the party at this time. They see visions of courtsmartials and lynching-bees if found in possession of a red card. This may explain the comparatively slight increase in membership. It no doubt does explain it to a considerable extent. The election returns, superficially viewed, are very encouraging. I must confess that I do not view them with undiluted satisfaction. A part of the increase in our vote is due to the pacifists who vote the socialist ticket because their views on the war correspond with those of the socialists, and because they find in the Socialist party a rallying point and a means of protest. This increase in our vote is legitimate. There is a point of contact between the pacifist and the socialist. The pacifist's opposition to war is genuine. From mere sentimental opposition to war it is but a step to an understanding of the causes of war, and a conversion to socialism. But what part of the increase in our vote is due to the support 6f genuine pacifism? How much of the pacifism m the United States is genuine? The situation in this country is extremely complicated. Just before our entrance into the war I attended an immense pacifist meeting in the Coliseum in Chicago. At that meetmg mention of Germany's submarine warfare was vigorously applauded by a not inconsiderable part of the audience! ~•.._ No one can fail to observe that many of the so-called pacifists are German patriots and militarists whose opposition to war is limited to opposition of-- war against Germany. They would have applauded war with England most heartily. There is no question that thousands of these pro-German militarists and patriots hate been voting the Socialist ticket. These people are 'entirely out of sympathy with the socialist a movement. The reasons that lead them to vote the sociaiist ticket are the very opposite ~f the reason~ that anim~te the' lhortsincere socialist or pacifist. Aacl it ia a . policy of lichted opporbmiaat not to repudiate moat empQtically this aid which ia a reproach ·to ,as. No lasting benefit ·can come to the Socialist party as a result of this silent acceptance of tbis militaristic aid. These reactionaries will desert us as soon as the war is over. They . may desert u's sooner if the militarists to whom ,they are in temporary OppOsition succeed in frightening them sufficiently. 0 0 0 Certain causes will operate to decrease our vote ilfter, and even before the war. The German militarists and patriots whose aid we have tacitly accepted will desert us. Let us speed their going. There will grow up a deep resentment. against the "Socialist party among many people. A workingman may not have been enthusia-stic about the war; he even may have beeri opposd to it; but having lost a son in the war he will put away all doubt about the justice of the war. To believe that his son had died in anything except a worthy cause would seem to him like a slur on his son's memory. He will feel a resentment amounting to hatred against a party that decries the justice of the war. It is a difficulty the socialists may have to contend with for many years after peace Will have been declared. The greater the number of casualities to American soldiers the more ears of relatives and friends we may expect to find closed to us. . And yet this complicated situation presents another possibility. If the war lasts a long time, with constantly increasing sacrifices on the part of the American people, and the hope of victory wanes, then the resentment of the peopl~ will turn against those responsible for the useless sacrifice. It will then be natural for the masses to turn to the . socialists as the men whose counsel should have been heeded.. But even in the event of a complete victory by the allies, the Socialist party will have to be reckoned with. Every great war has been followed by a period of industrial depression. This war can best be compared with the Napoleonic wars. Following the Napoleonic wars . ,rearly every country in Europe was swept by revolution.. Terrible unemployment in England gave birth to the Cha~tist movement. Germany, France, Spain, all had. to make concessions to liberalism. The first International was a chill'·ilf that period. · .. One would have to be blind indeed not to see that ~'me­ thing very similar, though far more wide-spread and pr.ofound will follow in the wake of this war. Already labor .in England and in F ranee-though supporting the governments as a man out on the ocean in an open boat supports his com-. panion in misery though that companion may be chiefly responsible for his plight-is speaking with a voice of defiance, and is hungering for the day of reckoning. When the war industries- no longer receive orders for war supplies; when millions of men returning home find that .their patriotic employers, grown rich by the war, have no work for them; when wages and prices go tumbling; when breadlin of hitherto unknown length appear in the cities-then people will awake from their intoxication. Fine will then no longer suffice. You may get men to (Continued on Paae 35) • -... �,. ... •:. ... ; Page thirty Th e I n I e r n a I i o n a•l i s t Marriage and · Free Love By Mari~Sn Miller ·_- ·EMMA ~OLDMAN sa~s .that l~ve does not nece~sarily hav.e and 'I distinguish this from "free intercourse." anythmg· to do w1th marnage. But I thmk th~t It That is where Emma Goldman makes her big mistake.' · A often may, and that ma.rriage has a great · ·deal to do man and a woman .may have ·the greatest passionate attach- . with love. Let .us not call 'marriage a complete failure be- ment, . without having any "love,. for each other. That i~ cause it often fails. . One doesn't want to be called' a com- why our marriages are so· often failures. People mistake plete fool because he does a f~w foolish things. One doesn't _phy$ical ~!traction for love. It would be utter ·folly fo~ the refuse all food because he ·can't eat cabbage. · The fault . couple whose only bond is passion, to marry. But ·for those is not, I say, in marriage, but in the u~es the world has · w?ose attr~ction .is both love and passion, if they are als~ w1se, marnage Will be a blessing. made of it. .As to men and women's marrying without proper acThe only way out is education-education that will' teach quaintance with one another, knowledge of life'" and sex- us to distinguish between love and passion-education that that is a different matter. .But let us not condemn marriage will train the young in the sense of value·s between the two. for women· because hitherto it has made her the slave and · Of course, doub~less some experience is necessary in this, parasite of her husband. There are better possibilities in but not necessanly sex experience. '·'Spooning" · should be this institution, and it is for each couple to draw up its own s~fficient-or even a broad, theoretical 'training along that I agreements on the case. If they wish to · stick to the spirit . !me. And when we get this, ·I doubt if men and women will of the wedding ceremony, and the word, all right. But they care for what is commonly understood as "free l~v,e." They ·can also refuse to do so. T~ be sure, a gi~l should be instructed in sex life and her may still care for "free passion," but I hold that the two are duties as a wife. That she isn't is not the fault of the mar- distinct. raige institution. Also, if a woman wishes to "learn the mystery of sex without the sanction of marriage" that is a matter of her own. A book which it is no exaggeration to say 'that everybody But I believe that this is wise, or, at least, desirable, for only a few women- women who indeed are "big enough" to un- should read and whose hints they should practice, is "Nature , derstand fully themselves and their circumstances, and the Cure" or "Philosophy and Practice Based on the Unity of consequences of their action. Nor do I agree that a woman's Disease and Cure," by H. Lindlahr, M. D., a copy of which passion is her most intense· craving in general; that lack of has recently been received by' THE INTERNATIONALIST. satiating this will undermine her health, stunt her vision, or That the work has met with great favor is evidenced by the break l:er spirit, as Emma Goldman says. Nor can I see fact that it is now in its eighth edition. In a word, the .book advocates natural living both as a that the glory of sex experience does the woman any perm· anent good. Perhaps it is pleasing-but does it make her prophylactic and a cure of . disease. Answering the qu~ry, life any broader or greater? Within limits, I mean. To be ''What are the natural methods of living apd of treatmenn" sure, she has the experience, and in that, may be superior it says: "I. Return to nature by the regulation of eating, drinkto the virgin. But you get my argument. She may be broader minded after all this- but not unless she was nar· ing, breathing, bathing, dressing, working, resting, thinking, the moral life, sexual and social activities, etc., on a normal row-minded before . . .· · · The sex passion, per se, was never created as a help, by and natural basis. · "2. Elementary remedies, such a~ water, air, light, earth Nature, it is only 'its result that benefits the race. . To be sure, love .is free, in that it can not be bought. But .,.-A"ures, magnetism, electricity., etc. "3. Chemical remed;es, such as scientific food selection once given, it will· sacrifice. And ti will endure marriage for the sake of home and children. In speaking of the love for and combination, homeopathic medicines, simple herb exchildren bom out of wedlock having better care than others, tracts and the vito-chemical remedies. · . "4. Mechanical remedies, such as corrective gymnastics, of which Emma Goldman speaks, I ·wish to say that I do not belic·~e that a woman, shunned by the world beca.use she massage. magnetic treatment, osteopathic manipulation and has an illegitimate child, will lavish all her love on it that when indicated, surgery. "5 . Mental and spiritual remedies, such as scientific reshe, is denied the privilege of showing to othe~s; and the extra pity for it she has because the world does revile it, will tion, normal suggestion, constructive thought, the prayer of • give more intensity to her love. But that is caused by the faith, etc." Such a platform on which to base a system of the'rapeutics treatment of others, not herself. I think, too, that Miss Goldman confuses the issue. A woman may love a man naturally appeals favorably to liberal, forward-looking people. enough to allow sex experience and even long for it, and yet An increasing number are coming to rely on natural methods, supplemented by generous doses of optimistic thinking and not desire a child. And it is, too, for th~ sake of the child and the home, will power, and to these "Nature Cure" by Dr." Lindlahr will that I condone marriage. A legal ceremony that will give be an especially helpful volume, translating, as it does, an __.,. the law a right to care for children, dispose of them if neg- abstract principle into concrete rules, facts and advice. "Nature Cure" should be in every home. It is a wor,k lected, is necessary. I think divorces should be made ·easier. A woman need not consider herself a parasite on a man · which THE INTERNATIONALIST can unequivocally reco~­ helps· make his home, and bears his children. Indeed, mend. If it~- teachings were followei by human being habiggest share. As long as economic conditions bitually, disease and the general run of human weaknesses . are, ~'free love," used in its common sense, is would be pretty scarce articles. It is published by the Nature Cure Publishing Co., 525 S. And even if mothers were supported by the would in small degree care for . "free love"- Ashland Boulevard, Chicago, and costs $2. I 5.-E. D. { . Nature Cures the - l �T he In I e r n a I i o n a I i s I . Page thirty-one What 'Thinkers Think Gems 0 f Commen From -A world league, including Germany as a principal partner, will be defensive league standing steadfast against the threat of• a world imperialism, and watching and restra;ning with one common will the homocidal maniac in its midst.-H. G. Wells, "The New Republic.' a -The extraordinary insults and aggressions of the Imperial German government left us no self-respecting choice but to take up arms in defense of our rights as a free peaple and of our honor as a · sovereign government. -Woodrow Wilson, ''Scientific American.'' \ - To deny a man the righ to his conscience is the highest form of treason to the American States.- Oswald Garrison Villar_d, ''New York Evening Post.'' -France and Great Britain arc disappointed a t the slowness with which the United States is bringing its war preparations to fruition. ''The Independent." -An efficient kitchen should satisfy the eye as a picture in which every principle of practical art is made use of and every principle of efficiency tha t a factory manager might install is yet especially adapted to the varied operations of work in the home.- Mildred Maddocks, "hidependen1." - It would be a piece of slave-raiding to take Alsace-Lorraine and give it to F ranee without inquiriug into the wishes of the people living in Alsace-Lorrainc by a local test vote. -Steven T. Byington, "The Public.'' - My experience in political reform wo rk has taught me tha t business men, as a whole, arc the most uninformed on affairs connected with the political and economic functions of their government. Leaders of organized labor as a rule arc statesmen compared with them.:-Thco. T. Thieme, "The Public." - The coldness of a dog's nose · is due to the fact that it must be kept moist all the time in order to sharpen his sense of smell.- Berwick "Advertiser." --The treachery of the Allies in forsaking the Russian people itself warrants the Boylsheviki in making a separate peace.-Emma Goldman, "Mother Earth Bulletin.'' - In short, all truth is inherently un-Christian, for Christianity- its theo ry- is a delusion. It is absolutely opposed to free scientific research, and as such should be kicked out of doors and forgotten.Theodore Dreiser, "Call Magazine.'' Currel)t Periodicals -We revolutionary inJernatipnalists are more dangerous enemies of German reaction than all the governments of the Alli~s taken together.Leon T rotzky, " The Class Struggle." - l)lat Gompers should betray labor into the clutches of American plutocracy is not surprising. He has always been a constant political lackey for Democra tic · politicians.- Adolph Germer, "The Class Struggle.'' • - Teach military discipline under compulsion to English schools, and in two genera tions you will have p roducc;d in England all that we have most detested and ridiculed in the German life a nd · cha racter.- ''Th London Nation.'' i - It is the easiest thing in the world to condemn a man to deai,, while stuffing him with the fattest calories · to be found in the grocery store.-Aifred \V. McCarm, "Physical Culture.'' - South Carolina is the only Sta t'C in the Union ·that altogethe, - for - 1 bids divorce. :-Gordon Reeves, "Physical Culture." ·- Russia could not logically want to campaign with guns and rifles against Europe in <he name of anti-monarchism · and anti-capitalism. because by such action she would deny her revolution's origin and its fundamental pr<nciples.- Harold Lenine, "Labor Scrap Book." - In the United States the money of account is increasing twenty times as fast as the volume of the basic gold.- Hcrman Cahn, "Labor Scrap Book." · - Recently it was made clear, through the publishing of stale papers, tha t world financiers met a t Berne last September to bring about peace. The reason they did so was their fear of the growth of the radical movement if the war wen t on.- Roger Babson, "Wall Street Report." - God is now leading the a rmies of the Allies.--Billy Sunday, "The Independent." -Under the guise of "making the world safe for democracy" and protecting the rights of smaller nations, Russia is about to be made the victim of the imperialists of the world.- lrvin E. Klein, "Call Magazine." - A Russel Sage foundation investigation revealed the fac t that in 78 cities examined. one half o f the children leave s~hool before they are 14, a nd half leave before completing the sixth gradc. -Dr. J ohn J. Kallen, "Call Magazine.'' ,-Poverty and its attendant evils arc due to inherent mental and physical defects. while in fan t mortality is fundamentally a problem of -N~etzsche himself musf bear much .,f the blame for the current< eugenics.- A. Ploetz, " j ournal of H eredity:" misunderstanding of him. His aphoristic style makes for exaggerated - There were about 1.500.000 Arm~an s in the Turkish Empire m emphasis.- "The New Republic." 1914. while a t the present time there are perhaps 700,000 , the re- In the Erie Canal there are 150,000 horsepower unused; in the mainin(! 800.000 having been ex le rrnina ted.- Burlon J. Hendrick. in Niagara river, there arc probably a million unused.- F rank lin K. Lane, "World's Work." "Review of Reviews." - Today Pershing h as an army in F ranee a t least twice a t grenl as that army which Grant commanded when he set out for Richmond m the spring of 1864. -Frank H. Simonds. ''Review of Reviews." - In women the s ti rrings of lhc inferior ne rvo us centers arc no t so f1rmly controlled by the supreme cent<"rs as in man. Hence. they are at once more suggestible and emotional. - Prof. E. A. Ross, "Critic and Guide.'' --..A~tient ought not tv read in the prone position-- no one should; -If I had the power I would write three new articles into our national creed: (I) Universal milita ry training; (2) the United Sta tes the first air power in the world; (3) a two-ocean battle-cruiser fleet.E_minent Naval Authority in "Review of Reviews." clining angle develops new and and Guide." - The National Nonpartisan League, or some other organization embodying the ideas that a re its basis, will control the United States.John Thompson, "Review of Reviews." - Mr. Garabed T. K. Giragossian claims to have discovered a way to utilize, without burning of fuel or other expenditure of labor or material, wha t he calls "free encrgy."- " Scientific American." -The Kaiser is what he is because the preachers are what they are; and the preachers are what they are because the professors of iheology and philosol:'hy and biblical exegesis sold themselves to the Kaiser.Dr. Joseph Odell, ''Current 'Opinion.'' - -Go•·ernment b,nds arc. rc :koned so stable lha! they have ahva)"S been desired as vehicles for safely handing on to his children a man's acumulations. -Edmond . C. Converse. 'The Independent." - Christ's words: "They 'that take by the sword shall perish . by the sword," so often quoted by the pacifists are not a defense of pacifism but a plain justification of the taki!lg of the sword against those who would use it in wars of aggression.- Abraham Mitrie Rihbany, "Current Opinion." -The universal applica(on of the Sinn Fein motto would mean the death of Ireland ,for only the ·spirit of international altruism could prevent so small a nation from going under· in the struggle for existence.- "The .lndependenl.'' ~ -· r' \, , ..........-. the retina is accustomed to receiving . horizontal light rays, and a re- painful angles.- L. E. Burbank., "Critic - We are headed toward a food sca rcity within· a year compared !o which the fuel scarcity of this winter can be called only a childish trifle.- Agnes C. Lau t, "The New Republic." ~Germa ny's victories will never fo rce the Enten te lo accept a peace of violence. If the Germans could take Calais and Paris, and even force F ranee and Italy to capitula te, then the re would remain the English safe in their island. and America. protected by the ocean . - Vienna "Ar· beiter Zeitung.'' · - Drunkenness doe~ not cause insanity, but both ;.ore generacy.- Dr. Ch~rlc~ W. Burr, "Literary Digest." �Page thirty-two The Internationalist [~con~u:::._c By David Bobspa STOP DODDERING.! "Get well ; slop doddering."' Very ~ood advice to all classes of people. All things -are possible lo a healthy man. To the man weakened by poor health the simple acts of ex isknc" arP. a burden; the warfare for liberation can be carried on inerf~ei cn lly al the best. Comes Cnmradc J ames R. Nickum with an open sesame lo heahh---<>f a magic wand that will advance the cause of radicalism by making its adherents an hundred fold more capable of carrying on the fight. I know thNe are hundreds upon hundreds of health books; I have read many of them and have shelves full in my library. Some are good-- many excellent. But Comrade Nickum has achieved what no health wri ter in America has heretofore accomplished. He has put in short space, a l a price within ' ttle · re;,ch of all, a manual covering the· entire field of gelling well and keeping well. More than this- he re is a manual not only dealing with all phases of the most important question of lifo. but presenting the facts in a readily useable fashinn. Fletcher wrote three books on proper mastication but only a few paragraphs a l best on exercise ; Sanford Bennell gives two most helpful volumes on exercise hut merely mentions other health factors; Dr. Tyrell has mentioned o ther clements of health-seeking in his splendid treatise on hydrotherapy. but made the water cure too prommen! a feature; MacFadden's encyclopedia covers the field prelly well. but it is so voluminous and profuse tha t few besides experts can readily usc it to fullest ad va ntage. The task of J ames R. Nickum was lo lest all phases- Fletcherism, exercise, hydrolhcraphy. diet, mental control, elc. -pul . them into proctice, and from his study and experience compile the only book in the English language that covers all of the field and that is readily availoble for usc by all people. J ames R. Nickum was weak physically from infancy- got a wrong slarl and couldn't catch up. At sixty he was partially paralyzed, given up as incurable by the physicians, and suffering greatly in all paris Qf his body. But this good socialist warrior wasn't ready lo die. He has some good books on So~ialism lo gel out of his system. He set to work to ~el well. Stop doddering! Tha t was his first step. In three years he was a well man. As he sat in my study he pin~hed me with the hand that had been helpless with pararysis, and the grip w"s that of an athlete. The wrinkles have gone. The feel that had scarcely been able to shuiRe about are today light and springy · with the buoyanry o f youth. Because the comrade quit doddering. No miracle. Nothing impossible lo a l least ninety-nine percent of the human race i( we are willing lo spend h alf an hour or so daily in proper el<ercise, cal rationally and carry on a few simple rules. All of these rules arc clearly sci forth in Mr. Nickum's treatise. including full systems of cl<erciscs that will strengthen every muscle of the body. Everything is wrill en in simple, non-technical style tha t any school boy can interpret and practice. And listen. comrades. Th,. poorest man in America can be healthy and with, say one-fourth of the workin~ class inc reased 100 percent in health, strength and thin kin~ ability, what strides would be possible I Health is fundamental. Whether you are a materialist or mystic, whether you favor political or direct action, whether you are old or young, your vaiuc lo the working class is primarily measured by your brain power and physical condition. For this reason, I consider James R. Nickum's book "Stop Doddering," the most important single message I have helped lo bring lo the attention of the working class of this country. I have the ezperience to con•ider myself an expert in dealing with this class of literature, and know what I r.m saying when I declare " Stop Doddering" the greatest . and best health book. the most practical and. therefore, the most valuable. book on health ever written in America. It is pleasant to read, for the kindly spirit and gentle satire of Colll!'ade Nickum lift the treatise . into the realm of literature. Further, the author goes to the root of the question of He .bows plainly that Socialism will solve the problem of the medical trust. as of other economic problems of ihe Do . not misunderstand-} do not infer that the fullness ot he attained under capitalism-but the health can so he inthat ~ pnJSre$$ towards liberation will be accelerated - ~ ~ ~ at ·an unbelievable rate. Under Socialism, no amount of proper .conditions will fllake you healthy unless you live in harmony with natureand you will have no trouble in this if you will read and practice what · Comrade Nickum so clearly sets forth. lsn 't it worth while, comrades? The book is being put out without profit, for the practical application of the Golden Rule. The life snatched from the gr~ve is being ~e .·oted lo furthering the cause of Humanism. (News Publishing Co., 118 E•st Markel Street, Los Angeles. $1). :(. :;. :;. LITERATURE AT DEMOCRATIC PRICES All hail and long life lo the Stratford 25c Uni~ersal library! In the days characterized by unprecedented (and ·wholly unnecessary) high prices it is a welcome relief lo find a lowering of the price"' of good books so great as lo be almost revolutionary. In nearly· every country of the world except America the best literature can be fo·und everywhere al nominal prices-and the people read it. In this country practically all of the best of the world classics have been locked up in e~ • rensive volumes that kepi the proletariat from enioriug the masters as. lhcv .;!1nulll. But Henry E. Schnillkind . ion't a profiteer. He has carried idealism into business- and has thus far made good. He established "The 51ratford ) t·urnal,' . without ., ptu ;n this country in its fdd .,f international literature of first water, and it is firmly established in its sec· ond year. Some of the best of recent books hav.l' .borne the Stratford imprint- and not Orie mediocre volume can be found ··in the lists of this house. "Nine Humorous Tales" by Anton Chekhov is the first of the new Stratford 25c Universal Library. Russian literature with a laugh I Why, we almost thought there wasn't a laugh in all the land of the Bolsheviki. It is true we caught glimpses of it in Saltykov's "A Family of Noble· men" and in Fedor Sologub's short sketches. Dr. Schnittkind and Isaac Goldber:; h ave pres en ted lo the English reading public some of the lighter side of Chekhov's versatile workmanship.· Says the editor 1n the introduction: "'A Work of Art' and 'Vengea nce' most closely resemble the type of story gnerally associated in the public mind with the name of 0. Henry. The sad undercurrent of 'Her Gentleman Friend' is likewise not altogether foreign lo our native writer. "w'ho . \Vas She?' perhaps, is the most Maupassant -like story in the collection. while 'Such Is Fame' strikes a note that is peculiar lo the Russian himself. In stories like 'The Scandal Monger." 'Carelessness,' and 'Overspiced,' Chekho ' s humor seems If lo display a gentle humanity beneath the surface of action.. Ch~khov is more humanely self-revealing than de Maupassanl. he is on the whole more deep than 0. Henry. If 0.· Henry may be called the i\merican Chekhov with a ' punch,' Chckhov may be equally termed the- Russian 0. Henry with a caress." A unique lealme of this Universal Library- prellily bnund in board - is that the majo rity of the books in the collection are not reprints, hut f~rs l editions. published for the first lime in this country. · Among the titles alrcacly announced a re "Russian Tales o f the Present Wa r"; "Stories of the Steppe" by Gorky; "Short Stories" by T olstoi ; a volume of stories by Artz\bashef ; the best French Stories by Guy de Maupassanl. Dumas, etc.; "Th~ Best Short Stories of The World," by Boccaccio, Balzac, elc. ; "Lazarus," by Andreyev. And, say, comrades, the Stratford Company is open to suggestions as to books you think ought lo be. placed in this popular Universal Library that is coming to your door al the price of a popular magazine. (The Stratford Company. Boston. 25c per volume.) :(. :to :(. LINCOLN PHIFER'S EXPANSION Lincoln Phifer's paper-magazine, "The New World" is to leave Gira rd for inore fa,•orablc quarters, but will still re.;,..in in Kansas. It is not_ definitely settled where the new headquarters wil~ he, but Comrade Phifer has plans pretty well under way. rn not make any announcements of furth~r radical changes in his arrangements until he geb ready to do so himself--but you want to your eye turned towards PhifeT. He has a big message. Hi~ plutocracy series ratheT i;!.Ot under the hide of the plutes. Phifer's new bool, "Qid Religions M e New," w)JI soon he off the press. I !.eef F · e �Tb~ lnteriufiona!ist '·Co-operation .the World Over Notes About the Chief Co-operatives Gleaned fro\n THE CO-OPERATIVf. MOVEMENT IN GERMANY Many Sources COMMUNITY CO-OPERATION It . is quite evideit! to students of social problems that our lo a\ c:o.n>munities are not going lb become completely democralic until the m.,.;u,.,rs of the community have learned how · to co-operate and have let • - their knowledge forn1 a habit. But to the co-operator it is dear that this amount of . co-operation is not going to be brought about until the members of the community have learned to work together in their own and their mutual interest. with the comfortable assurance that not one of them is making profit out of any of the others. Until the com· munity has this comfortable assurance, it is certain to divide itself up into groups of suspicious people, who would ' let their prejudice rise above their reason and make impossible a democratic handlinsr; of local RETAlLERS ALARMED AT GROWfH OF problems of interest to the whole community. CO-OPERATIVE IDEA . The system of volunta{y economic co-operation, illustrated by the co-operative store society, is well calculated to increase the spirit af A g rocer's paper of San Fr;uicisco recently published an · article exco-operation in the community. It must not be forgolle·n , however, that pressing g reat alarm at the growth of co-operation. The article is the co-operative store is but a beginning in community co-operation. fmancial assistance. There has already been pledged in subscriptiops a lthough it is fundamental. It would be highly -valuable in itself even over one rr.,)\:rm dollaro f.,r the e•la! -i.shnenl c·f <O·opera tive stores, though it did not lead to other related forms of co-operation since it and Ior propaganda educational achvlhes. Thirty stores have been has the power to regulate prices throughout the whol'e community. and, o rpnized which arc 10 carry all classes of merchandise to be suprl:cd in a large measure, to raise the quality of merchandise sold not · only in to members at prices which will eliminate middle profits. the co-operative stores but in all other stores. But the co-operative "The aim of the promoters is to place stores in every county in store must grow and become more and more a department store, supNorth Dakota, and then to branch out beyond the stale and cover as plying most of the needs of its members; and as it becomes the . ec· wide a territory as possible. As many stores as are necessary to supply onomic center it will also evolve ·into the social center · for its memben, the patrons will be established in each community, with all their re· who are ever becoming a larger proportion of the community. Coquirements." operative entertainments~includin~: lectures, plays, moving pictures, The article continues: library, games, and competitions, .picnics and. outings, serve to bring "'lhe scheme of organization provides that no . store shall be fcnfnded the members nearer together and make, their lives haooier anll ' moro with a lesser membership than 200. The average is actually 300. worth while. Tl. agreement signed by those who acep t membership sets fo rth Every co-operative economic enterprise can give still other benefits very .arly how the company proposes to operate. On the basis of to its members. Co-operative insurance is thoroughly p racticable; a co· that ag ree1ncnt, a pu rchase .: of a membership certificate pays $100 to operativ~ bank and loaning institution will be found highly beneficial in the company. The first $10.000 so subscribed goes to the establishmany wjlys ; and co-opera tive housing will be a natural exten•ion of ment of a store. T he balance Jllay l..o '" : :1 by the said company. either the service of the store. Perhaps even before these things come about to establish and •.•aintain a central buying agency, or wholesale estaba co-operative flour mill and bakery will have. proved n' big saving. lishment, o r to carry o n educational wo• k or propaganda along all . or course. many co-operative extensions 'will have to wait on the lines deemed by the board of directors of the Consumers' United ?tores ·organization by co-operative stores of their big central whole•ale. •ince Corporation to be in the interest of or beneficial to farmers, and for the it is proLable that the wholesale will prove the most satisfactory means a;..sistancc uf farmers' organizations, such as relate to the economic , eJuhere, as it has abroad, of carrying on co-operative insurance, banking c.1tional or political interests of the farmers, o r both. and manufacture. · "Through the organization of this strin~ nf stores the Nonpartisan But there is no reason why any community convinced of the value League leaders are hopeful of dominating the retail business of the states of economic co-operation should not extend the 6eld of ita working in which they operate. Following the s tores comes the organizing of to;:cthe r a lmost unlimitedly; and where this community is so fortunate lmnh. A beginning already is evidenced by the success of the Lea~u~ a 5 to possesS a nc\\;Spaper' which .will· aid them in this WOrk, the pol• in obtaining conlr~l of one bank in Fa<go and another in Grand Forb. sibililies of .developin ~ a useful. intelligent and happy citi1.enship are The a rticle gives f11rther details of the plan of organizatio n and s tates sufficient t~ enthuse ev~ry lover of ~ocir.~ progress. that within the :rear officers of the ConsUJne rs' League expec t to have - SCOTI H . PERKY, Secretary Co-operative League of America. 75 stores · in operation. Space is a lso given in the paper to a brief outline o f the trcm~ndous · strength .of co-operative institu tions m F.uro · OKLAHOMA CO-OPERATION pean countries and s tates tha t the war, so far from we>kening them, In Oklahoma there arc at the present time ·over' one hundred thriving · hns actually added to their strength• and growth. co-operative o rr,aniza tions and tha t many new associations arc eith.er In summing up it!> co nception of co-operation as a j)rr-sent menace in process o f fo rmation or arc just opening business. Co-operative to priva te retail business, the Advocate stales that "a number of leading stores are Lcing organized a t El Reno and 'Oklahoma City. At Chickbusiness men have already sugges ted tha t the retailers shouid a'lso comasha and Shawnee co-operatives are running particularly succ~ufully end bine and operate their own buyin~ and selling agencies, in this manner and doing much to lower the cost of living. The O.ickashe tfore is achieving the position of being able to successfully co:npete w1th the paying four' pe rcent a month on purchaAes. co-operative slores.n l11is a rticle is truly a fine, f rce s tatement of how the rcteilers act ually fear co-operation when once it is firmly and efficiently cstablish_cd. The retailers know f ull well tha t at this time when the people are being t:lllght to eliminal<: waste and unnecessary expense in the haJJdling of goods , from factory to con~umer th.- p~ivat~ retailer. is doomed to ulti malt" e>.tinction. Co-operah e d1stnbuho n 1s n ght m the spmt of the times and now i the right moment for its active promot_ion. The louder the cry of the retail g~ocer's publication, the surer we may be tha t we a re on the right way. - R. P. BRUBAKER. in "Pacific Co·-operator." The imminence of the social . and political revolution in Germany is evident to the discerning in the great growth end present power of the German Co-oper'a tive movement with its progr'!JD of industrial democracy. A recently received : report by the Co-operative League of America. 2 West 13th st .• New York Gty, from the. Co-operative Distributive, Build. ing and Savings Society, ' 'Produktion" of Hamburg, Germany, sbows tha t it has 7,000 members, a share capital of over $442.500, an ~n­ crease o ver last year of $37.500. The retail turnover totals about $3,011 .600, an increase of $1,229.500. I ) SEXUAL KNOWLEDGE THE CO-OPERATIVE MO EMENT IN JAPAN In J~ there a re S,()(X) co-operative s'acieties, 2.()(X) of which are . cre(ljt unions. These :so.::-ieties have a membership of over half a rrullion. This rqll'esents a \l ily ~!table movement toward Jar_an~e u:ooomic: ernanc~bon, ina uch as m I~ there were hut 17 soc1ehes. . . \' _Jl �P ~ e thirty-four , A Pagan Anthology ). L.1notype Man Wanted· (j] The Lla no Publish ing plant 15 being enl<t rged. (j] A splendid proposition-is offer/ ed for li notype man; these who have \\'ritten be fore are invited to write ag:1 in . as this is a new proposition. (j] Do not delay. First acceptable applicant will get the opportunity. THE I NTERNA TIONALIST LE£SVILLE. LA. J UST I SSUE D A Pagan _Anthology A BOOK OF The POEMS By the Following Authors : "A Pagan Anthology," composed of poems by contributors to "The Pagan M~zine," is a volume for the connoisseur in verse libre. · The passionate breath of the amorosa, the hilarity of the bacchanalIan, bitter bursts - from long-enslaved plebians, and mysticafVisions of weird Oriental scenes, commingle instrange melodies Of ,poetry. Gruesome, indeed, are the word-pictures of war scenes. One can fancy he actually sees "Burgundy's soil, saturated with bubbling gore, and craving more"! "To Whom" by Max Endicott, associate editor of "The Pagan," is a masterpiece that should burn into the very soul of the. craven militarists. The "hurrian owl" who occasioned "Study in Reversion" by Joseph Kling, managing editor of "The Pagan," should shrink from sight in shame after so scorching an expose of his own character, so repulsive a description of his "hoots and grunts and , creeches for slaughter and bloodshed." The a uthors put no ban on red blood, warm flesh and human desires. Rather, they deify love and classtty sex longi ngs in the category of things na tural and permissible. To the jaundiced eye of Anthony Comstock many parts of the "Ant~logy·· would appea r fertile literary soil from which libidinous a nd wicke weeds are sure to appear. But to the latitudina rian who sees beauty iri the human form as well as in bright birds and golden flowers, these poe~ will seem but the ve rities .of life a~ love · translated into ·· vivid vermilion verse. The Paga n Publishing Co., 7 E. 15th Street, New York City; $1. - E. D· Egmont Hegel Ar£ns. M. Alex ander. Maxwell Bodcnheim, Pauline Calm. Hart Cr'\nc, Routled~c Curry. Mary Carolyn Davies, Paul Eldridge, l\1ax Endicofl. Ernestine Hara. j oseph U. Harris, Elizabeth Jaeger, Lesl ie Nelson J ennings, Alice Louise Jones, Joseph Kling, Georges Lewys, Marjorie Muir, Edward Nagle, Ruth Clay Price, Helene Thurston, Winifred Waldron, Zelia Karl Marx The Man and His Work - - - and The Constructive Elements of Socialism An Important Additiol) to Social~t Literature By KARL DANNENBERG A work p resenting in a scientific form the evolution thought. A book containing ical as well as constructive Socialism - a compendium theories and tactics. · 130 Pages concise and of Socialist the analytelements of of Marxian Attractively Printed Price 30c (35c Postpaid) Special Rates to dealers and organizations. The Radical Review Publishing Association 202 E. 17th St., New York City If you wish to secure Latin America Trad] _, Adverti,.c in The Sister Republics Contains English and Spanish Lessons SAMPLE COPIES FREE Frank Brady, Pub. Denver, Colo. Correct English 8~~ ~~ JOSEPHINE TURCK BAKER, Editor · A M 0 NT H L Y M A G A Z I N'E Sample Copy I Oc Price $2 a year EVANSTON, ILLINOIS To Socialists FREE BOOK OFFER By H. L I N D L A H R, M. D. President Nature Cure Institutes C] SIXTY-TWO PAGES OF PRICELESS INFORMATION TO SUFFERS. t]! GET YOURSELF WELL AND WELL. (j] SEND 2c STAMP FOR THIS WONDERFUL BOOK FREE. Muriel Wright. TRANSLATIONS by Edna W. Under- ~ wood and Josepli Kling. Price: One Dollar ORDER FROM US PAGAN Int~rn·ationali'st The Little Comrade PUBLISHING CO. - 7 E. lStlo Street, New York, N. Y. 6802 YALE STREET, CHICAG,P" . l- I �The Internationalist Birth Control and Health PROPHECY The Oflicial Organ of the National Astrological Society Incorporated A magazine devoted to the restoration of prophecy to religion, conducted by the ordained Magis of the Universal Church of Aqua rius, which unites all 'creeds through the Divine Science of Astrology, the Language whereby the . Infinitely Wise reveals His Will to humanity. $1.00 for 12· consecutive issues Single Copy, 10 cents Address Prophecy MAGI ZARIEL, Editor 908 Union St., Manchester, N. H . W~e You Ever a Child? And did you not long for something to read 'at was all your very own? Do you want for your children, something bright, interesting, instructive, uncolored by prejudice? Read by children of all ages. THE LITTLE COMRADE. SOc a year. Worth Much More. Sample Free. Address : (Continued from Page 6) · of their liver, their teeth and eyes. The ·sub-normal .boys and girls ·are quite a different matter. They should . first of all be prevented from breeding, and they should be prevented being born in .the · future. They a ·re born .when parenthood is a .crime, ~,•hen on or both of the parents arc unfit for that sacred function. It is stati~tically proven that every time the population doubles, the feeble-minded quadruples. It stands to reason that at this state of our i~dustrial evolution the workers cannot follow the . "natural" law in breeding the good old sized family of from five to ten children. They have not the vitality. It is nothing less than barbaric and inhuman to keep the working women in ignorance on this subject. There is a great deal of talk about the injustice of the conscription of men for war, but for thousands of years the women have been conscripted for motherhood, where they suffer a thousand times more than any army on the battlefield ever suffered. Yet, most of our radical anti-conscriptionisis are thorou ghly in accord with the most conservative element when it comes to conscripting our working women for motherhood. -CAROLINE NELSON. Socialist Party Future (Continued hom Page 29) . fully when their stomachs a re full; you cannot get them to live cheerfully when their stomachs arc e:npty. The men who went abroad to light for democracy will demand a practical demonstration of democracy at home. The only kind of democracy that proposes to fill hungry stomachs in peace time with a nything else except charity soup is industrial democracy. Whatever its fa ults the Socialist party is the only upholder of that kind of democracy· in the United States. Clas s ified THE LITTLE COMRADE PUBLISHING COMPANY 6802 Yale Ave., Chicago, Ill. .' Adverti s ement FOR SALE.- 160 Acre ·FAHM ; 30 acres broken, 20 acres easily cleared. Frame house, barn, grana ry, two good wells. Abundant fi rewood. Fenced and cross fenced. Three miles from Rocky Mountain House, village Price $2000, cash.with two railroads. W. R. KINGEN, Rocky Mountain House, Alberta, Canada. Th.e Youn~ Socialists' Magazin.e The Only Young ·People's Paper in Our Movement. You will lind it- . Y IN IN U IN N IN G . IN 0 SPIRIT LIFE IDEALS COURAGE VISION A paper for every member of the Family. Official Organ of the Young People's ·socialist Leauge and the ~.J.tcrican Socialist Sunday Schools. SUBSCRIBE NOW! SOc per year 10 cents per copy Twelfth Year-Illustrated-Monthly Published by the Young People's Socialist League 803 W Madison St., Chicago, Ill \Vomen! Do You Know What You Should, About Birth Control? If not, write to MARGARET SANGER, 104 Fifth Ave., New York City. She will be glad to hear from you. LITERATURE ON BIRTH CONTROL Send 25 cents lor samples of the leaOets and pamphlets to be had from the NATIONAL BIRTH CONTROL . LEAGUE OBJECT._:_To remove which forbid the giving control information. 200 Fifth Avenue, New York �'f h e Page thirtY-six .What They Think ~f Under ,the Cloak af Patriotism sinister interests are taking advantage of the war to crush the movements for larger liberty among the ·workers and the people. The menace of these attacks to the future liberty in America is not generally recognized, because the truth is not known. The National Civil Liberties Bureau is publishing the facts in a series of pamphlets. A full set will be sent on receipt of 30c. SiQgle copies 3c. · CIVIL LIBERTIES THE ISSUES WHY FREEDOM MATTERS, By Norman Angell. LIBERTY IN WARTIME (The Situation in the United States in view of English experience)" by Alice Edgerton. WHO ARE THE TRAITORS? CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IN WARTIME (Legal) FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND OF THE PRESS (extracts from the writings of Statesmen and Scholars) . CASES THE OUTRAGE ON REV. HERBERT S. BIGELOW, of Cincinnati (October 28, 1917) . THE "KNIGHTS OF LIBERTY" MOB, aad THE I. W. W. PRISONERS AT TULSA, OKLA. (Nov . 9, 1917) THE CASE OF THE CHRISTIAN PACIFISTS AT LOS ANGELES, by Norman M. Thomas. THE TRUTH ABOUT 'I'HE I. W. W. (Facts in relation to the . pending trial) THE CON¥1CTION OF KATE RICHARDS O'HARE, . and NORTH DAKOTA POL' ITICS. LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE WAR'S HERETICS, a Plea for the Conscientions OhjectQT, by Norman M. Thomas. THE CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOR IN THE UNITED STATES (All Facls to date) . Note.-Tlaese Pamplaleb deal solely wit!. the protection of American liberties ia wartime. Tiley are not colored hy any 'ism' or proparanda. Cut this out and mail to National Ciyil Liberties Bureau, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City. (Full Set.. .. ) (Those checked.... ) to . Us "I w~t to congratulate you with ·all heartiness on the best revolutionary· ·magazine in the United States, and ·to expre_s~ .· my genuine ·pleasure on your changing your name from The Western Comrade to THE INTERNATIONALIST. First, it is jus~ice to yourself, inasmuch as you are now a. truly national paper and one of the very few papers upholdinll the traditions of real Americanism; second, ·be<:ause now, as never before, ·do .we need THE INTERNATIONALIST,"-£. Ralph Cheyney , Publicity Director, CO-operative League of America. · ~ 0 0 0 - • "Your ·magazine is exceedingly interesting and instruclive."-Waher Thomas Mills, Berkeley, California, Orator, Writer and . Teacher. 0 0 0 "There is a great field for "the excellent brand of progressivism contained in your magazine. I would like to gel a dozen of the December-january number to distribute among rny friends."-Creston C. Coigne, New York. 0 0 0 . "I was very much interested in the symposium on socialism in a recent number of the Western Comrade.-Harry Laidler, Secretary Intercollegiate Socialist Society. 0 0 0 "You are putting out the best magazine I know in the Socialist movement. I was surprised at it. It is constructive and also comprehensive. You seem to be successfully steering past both the Scylla and Charybdis of the war, and to be treating it from an excellent scientific, historical standpoint."- lda Crouch-Haz1ett, New York . 0 0 0 0 "I am glad to note that the modus operandi of your movement is entil:!!ly on constructive lines and that your magazine is not only readable, but constructive. I expect to derive much pleasure from reading it from month to month. I have no criticisms to offer.-Ernesl F. Dow, Secretary Esperanto Association of North America. 0 0 0 "The WEsTERN COMRADE is the most original magazine we have in America. The last number· is simply great. To use the language of our ally : It is ripping I" -Lincoln Phifer, Editor "The New World," Girard, Kansas. 0 0 0 "The editorials in The WESTERN COMRADE for January stirred me like the blare of a bugle, or the deep peal of a great organ."-Channing Severance, Los Angeles. 0 0 0 "One of our valued exchanges, The Western Comrade, formerly published at Llano, Cal. has moved to Leesville, La., and comes out in new form, in a new dress and under a broader and more inclusive nameTHE INTERNATIONALIST. ' "The INTERNATIONALIST is one of the few publications in this country that is really worth reading. It is economic and sociologic. It is edited by job Harriman and has on its staff of contributors some of th~ greatest thinkers and writers in this country. "The subscription price is $1.00 per year. We suggest that readers of THE CONSUMffi write for sample copy. You will be inlereshi<J."-"The Consumer," Madison, Wis. i .....-.... • 0 UNlTY Established 1878 Price $2.00 per yea~. Sample Copy Free A Weekly Magazine for I:reedom in R~ligion, Democr_acy · in .. All hs Forms, .Internationalism and the Abolition of Milita~ris~.' , Editor-:JENKIN LLOYD JONES : Contains Each Week: Vital Contributions to the Problems of Internationalism. Editorial Comment on lmporlant Current Events. Sermon "study, generally by the Editor. Recent P,oetry. Studies of Great World Leaders. Book Reviews, etc., etc. While the current press is occupied almost ·exclusively with w'ar, news, all ~ho,se concern it is to pre&&:rve democracy from the impending militarism should keep in . touch with each other by reading the fr~e periodicals. ur::~. ~.~L~:~~.~ ~~:~~~~ -~ 0 "Congratulations on the make-up and contents of THE INTERNATIONALIST."W. F. Bragg, Pasadena, Cal. 0 I n I e rll8 t·i o n a I i s t ., ,., THE MEXICAN REVIP\V.J .. The Truth About Mexico If you want Facts abo~t Mexico which you do not learn from the press, subscribe for THE MEXICAN REVIEW, or send ten cents for a sample copy. Annual subscription $1.00. Address: r The Mexican Review 613 Riggs Bldg., .Washington, D. C. ,·' /' �\ In t e'r n a I ion a I is 1 ; . :. ~ \ \I Llario-A Soul Laboratory (Continued frqm page 13) , mainspring_to his effort. Such men should not be classed Socialists for they are merely those. who have failed to m~ gain benefits, and hopes through co~peration with to secure them. They are socialists through eXI)edlteracy They are not- to be trusted with power. It requires the laboratory of the colony to learn these things. I feel sure that right now many of the readers of 'this article are hotly repudiating this allegation and sincerely believe that each person wearing the Socialist label is the genuine Simon-pure article. But there is more counterfeiting of the Socialist principle than of any trade-marked article on the market. One of the results of the Orton-Hungtown-Harquelin combine was the systematizing of attack on the colony. - They are reported to have united with the Los Angeles Crimes. This is an influential organ and its stories are widely copied, as well as are the press stories it is able to send out. Therefore, the colony has been widely branded as a failure. The fact that it still goes serenely on does not prev-ent a frequent reiteration of its failure in the general press. We have been reading of it for four years now. Four years of continuous failure is quite a record. Ma ny weak-kneed Socialist papers have also taken up the story, some gloatingly, some apologetically with explanations to show why__ the colony could'nt succeed. But the colony goes serenely on. -.unu....J~:a>. 'send us $1.00 for this Razor, . use it thirly days, it to be die equal o.f any $2.00 Razo~ on - the we will exchange it for a new one- cir' refund · Furnished with plain .black handle, ~ither Ira hollow ground %-inch .blade. P rice, postpaid. If convenient, re~t by P. ·0. Address- 'RED FLAG RAZOR COMPANY PARAGOULD, ARKANSAS IF OUR RAZORS DON'T MAKE GOOD, WE WILL. Your Prospective Customers Cle lllced In oar Cataloc ol 99% caaranteed Moilinc Lists. 11· C~IO - ' u ritalaaccudons bow 10 adYertlse and sell profitably by mall. Coaataand prlcea CIRa on 6000 dlllerenl national Lioll, co7erlnc all claaet; for lostance, Farmen, Noodle Mfrs., Hatdware Dlrs., Zloc Mloca, etc. J'jg NlaM,. . , _ BHI/ra Write tor lt. J Strengthen Your Advertising Literatul'6 • \.'llr Analpdcal AdYertlaloc Counoel and Sales Promotion )enicewllllmproye both JOQI plan and copp,tbuslnsurinc masimum profits. Submit your plans or literature for prclimin&rJ analraia and quotation-no obli,ation. , Colony Development (Continued from Page II) other wild fruits to give variety. In the fall there will be hickory nuts and in some places other nuts which may be stored away for winter. ( The people of the nearby towns, those who visit us, and newly arrived colonists, are well pleased at the progress being made. The residents of the colony are being housed c_omfortably. They are working and achieving. A great deal might -be said about what we are going to do. But we are not saying much about the future plans except an outline of them, for if something happens to cause a change, we are placed in an awkward position. We might go ahead and tell more of what we hope to make -M this town here, of how we expect to carry on our farming, of the plans for c'oncentrating largely on one crop which promises to yield heavily and return good dividends with a minimum of labor. We could tell with convincing figures of what we will be allte to do within another year, but if .adverse weather conditions or something else that cannot be foreseen should intervene, we would have some difficult explaining to do, and there are many who would accuse us of misrepresenting. When the saw mi"ll and planing mill are set up and in operation, this fact will be recorded. But until that time, little will be said. Therefore, the story of colony developm_e nf must remain only as interesting as facts justify and not as interesting as imagination and prophecy might make it· • POWenne is equal to gasoline at 5c a gallon; salesmen and agents wanted ; exclusive territory granted. POWis guaranteed to be .harmless, to remove and prevent carbon, the life of all gaiOline motors, saving repairs, adding snap, power. · An amount to 20 gallons of gasoline wiD charges prepaid, for $1.00. "Shall J. P. Morgan Own The Earth?" - a booklet which PROVES, by photographed extracts. from an official U. S. Govemme.nl Report, that the Morgan ~ealth and power are _twenty times greater than realized. How Morgan (after the war) can manipulate a "panic"; then buy cheaply control of all vital industries; dispossess YOU of wealth ; reduce MILLIONS to abjeCt slavery. How he keeps knowledge of· this power suppressed; how newspapers are controlled; governments and legislatures corrupted. Price 50 cents-and your money back if not satisfied that the _informalion given is well worth the price. · Descriptive circular, testimonials. etc., free. Agents wanted. Address: JACK PANSY, Publisher, P.O. Box LC-307; Grand Rapids, The Internation a l Esperanto simplifies the language problems, opens erature, gives one a much belter tongue, enables him to correspond and all this al a comparatively Send for a FREE copy the official organ of and receive also a on how to learn this · ~~ mention the , �• .""" ·t ...:···· n a 1i o • The • I n ·1 e ·r na I Real Estate Bargains · properties are among those that have been listed for sale or trade with the LLANO LAND BUREAU. · ·Many of these are exceptional BARGAINS. As more and more property is listed, it becomes possible to· offer a variety in all portions of the cot:ntry. Those who wish to sell or trade or buy, or knowing of others--who wish to buy, are invited to correspond. with the LLANO LAND BUREAl.]. NO COMMISSIONS ARE CHARGED those expecting to come to the Llano Colony. -No. I-COLORADO. 3-slory frame building, IS apartments, with living room for owners, all completely furnished, steam heal, hot water, close to center of Trinidad. Always ren!ed. It is worih $11,000, and brings in $2500 a year, $2000 net. Will sell for $9,000, with $S,OOO each payment.- gbm. No. 2- 7-room collage made in I\) two apartments, separate plumbing, lighting, and completely furnished for two families. Value is $2,SOO. Will sell for $2000. Gross income~a year.- gbm -No. 3- Pressed brick furnished apartment house of len apartments. Hot water system and supply, separate private ' baths, toilets and lavatories. Disappearing beds, built-in buffets, ample closet room. Mo.st of the apartments have private entrance from street. Living room and store in basement. Vacant co rner adjoining is included, 40x70. Best apartments in the ·city. Always occupied, and there is always waiting list. Building in prime condition inside and out. Value is $22,000. Will sell for $20,000. Cash, $14,000 and balance in payments of $100 a month. The income per year is $3100. All furniture is included. This is a remarkable bargain and a steady, dependable tncome. ' No. 4-AII three of the above proper!ies will be sold together for $28,000 cash. You deal direct with owner. - gbm. For Sale.- Crystal Springs, Fla.- Ten acres, thre-quarlers of mile to town; 2Vz acres fenced and cultivated.-gl im. For Sale.- Crystal Springs, Fla.- Lot, 60x 170 four blocks from center of town. $800 for both; will lrade.-gl im For Sale.-Ten acres in Florida; good house, fenced, cleared and partly cultivated for last five years. Price $400.-wss For Sale or Exchange.- 130 ac~e~, good farm land ncar Heber County. river, five miles from Gladewater. 60 acres in cultivation; improvements; pine and oak timber. $20 an ·acre. Terms to suit purchaser.- mbw. LOUISIANA. Heflin. 100 acres in Bienville Parish. Rolling upland; all first class. Price $1 S an acre.- jb. $13$0--House and lot; 6 rooms; lot 33Vzx I SO; barn 18x20; long lime to pay; at Orbisiania, Pa.-gcm. $200--:Business lot in Seadrift, Texas.-dc. 5 Acres ; Truck land in oil belt; close to oyster fishing. Seadrift. Texas. This is a bargain at $1200. Will consider trade.-dc. 11-Room House; large lot; Seadrift, T cxas, for $500.-dc. lots in Richmon·d , Va, for $400. T crms.---;em Lot in New York City for $800.-gfj . for Ill acres rich land in Washington. Fine fruit districl.- gfj Cherry Orchard, fenced; 8- room house. barn. running water; or<>du.cm!Z place; will soon pay itself out.- gfj. distnct of Washington; thriving small town; good inleave. -$800.-pj ,WilshmRion; I million feet timber, 12 acres cultivated ;. climate ; good farm land. $1500. A bargain. mountains of California; timber. Splendid climate; portion. $4000.-mep Co., Colo., small bldgs. ; Fine bean land, ideal $400.-lmc house in Pensacola. Lot Slx 120; close . new navy yards. One· mile from dedescription of this bargain. $3000 :_For Sale or Trade: 160 acres McDonald county, . Mo. ISS acres timber. Price $1000; half down, balance time or trade.-eaw (W) 4 Acres in close to business district; Twin Fails, Idaho. Splendid · opporiunily in live town. $4000.--gee · Business lot Twin Fails, Idaho. $1700. A bargain.-gee 42 acres at Los Gatos, California. Income of $4000 a year ; health and pleasure resort. · Going Business. Good reasons for ielling. Price $20,000. Consider ter~s. ? .. Room Modern House; electricity, toilet bath, 10 minutes walk ·from business district of Eureka, one of the finest cities of California. Worth $13-50 and a bargain at this price. Will trade.-aej Modern home at Atascadero, California. 20 fruit trees, splendid cli 7 mate. $2SOO, $1 500 cash. balance mortgage. Will consider trade.-rwv 160 Acres at LaGrandc, Ore. S-room house, 40x20 barn, log blacksmith shop and bunk house, springhouse; 300,000 'feel saw timber; 60 acres good farm land; market for wood at $6 a cord. This is a genuine bargain. Owner had to leave on account of wife's health. $1800 takes it.- clg. 607 acres in Nebraska, mostly grazing; 40 acres broken; small house, and barn, all fenced and cross fenced, well, windmill and tank. $6000, to be $2SOO cash, remainder long time. -mjf $600 for Six Acres ; house; all fenced and all under cultivation. Close to coast. A bargain.- hat $3500 for 160 acres in New Mexico; will consider trade; also four lots in Hammond, Okla. for $700.- pfs 40 acres; Heber Springs, Arkansas; will consider trade. $1600.-jc. 3 parcels of Land at Chico, California. Trade considered.-jw TEXAS, near Tomball; I SO acres; 40 acres under fence and cultivation ; S-room House; smoke house .and bam; 30 acres more has been culiivated and can easily be put in cultivation; balance cut-over timber land ; drainage perfect; has oil indications. Price' $2SOO. Will consider trade for part. balance five yearly payment;- of $2SO at 7 percent semi-annually. Immediate possession with crop. This is a splendid deal. Fine climate.-aec $4SO- two lots Stockton, California $325Q- House and lot in San Francisco $3SOO- Thirty-acre farm. mountains of Caiifornia ; $2000 for farm without sto~k. This is an excellent location and good properly. $500 for len acres ·in Florida, suitable for oranges and vegetables. $2217 for good business in Iowa iown, plumbing and heating. Florida land- to acres, partly improved, house and . buildings. 160 acres- Kansas, unimproved land. $2000, sell or trade. 320 acres unimproved Kansas · land, $3200. 240 acres in Tex as, 95 in cultivation, two houses, $20 an acre. $2SOO for good place in Mississippi.-vle 40 acres in Texas, good improvements. $7S an acre. Sell or trade. 200 acres Arkansas land, improvements, orchard and house, stock, tools, implements included; all for $6000. Sell or trade. 16S acres Texas for $10,000. Terms. ' 160 acres Texas, unimproved good rice or fig land. $2S an acre.-aec 20 acres Idaho, $22S an acre. Liberal Terms.-jcc $300 for lot in thriving Alabama town. · Sell or trade. $400 for 40 acres southern Alabama, unimprc;>ved . $1600 for 40 acres in Florida. Liberal terms.-alc $1SOO for house and lot in Grand Rapids, Mich. Rents for $17.50. ~~r..u•h""' buyer, perhaps we may show you how he may borrow the money to purchase themselves of this p)~n and make deals possible that could not otherwise be made. ~ . �unless y.ou , are i~te!ested in THE We don't want you to ·read. what" follows appointed: This is a ·talk With interested an awakening interest, you ·may sta~ and- u ....... u.,• uy.,"• '··Jinttte interested: you ~igh.i: are' not invited: Of co~rse; if yau further. ' "'.iri Now here are some facts. They are --'' ·~··Every one who reads ~h~ daily pa~rs ~~n~ just a little, or. even obser~es if, h.e· does think; knows the truth of them. The fa~ts are .these.: . 1.-The world is becoming Socici"listic; . · ·' -...:. 2.-There are few infiuential radical. publications. . . , 3.-The demand -for radical literature that is genuinely constructive is greater than ever ~efore. · 4.-:-THE INTERNATIONALIST occupies first place today in the radical field; , What we want you to' Jaw from these statements is that THE INTERNATIONALIST is entering. a . • world field. It wants to inc/ease ' the size of its audience. It wants to rea~h more people. - ~if you don't liJ(;'THE INTERNATIONALIST, ri~ht here is the plac~ for ,ou to quit reading. Throw the magazine awa· and write to have your subscription stopped. But if you do like it, even if you don't like every artde. keep this number. . . But don't slop at tiat. Loan it to a friend. Make him say wheti)er he likes it or not, and then his subscription . Tha. won't cost you anything and it will cost him only a -dollar. and he wi\l worth of benefit out o; it 1 uring the ye~r. ~ .\ But that isn't w1at we want you to d~ltogether. T hat isri't ei10ugh. There ical people in every community. They are willing to pay $1 a year to get twelve most writers of the country on radical subjects. That is only 8c a message, which is· the characte r of •hese messages is considered. Now if you are willing to get six persons to read THE INTERNA subscription s fo t $3.60, by buying sub cards in advance. Or, if yol' know someone who is a hustler--and this is the thing we have been Wi:llluutw:• all alon g-get him to bf'come subscription agent for THE INTERNATIONALIST. He can in lots of tel! or more at SOc each and they sell for one dollar. If he is good enough in sell fo ur in a day he makes $2 for himself . . If he should be one of those Number One hustlers, he sell ten and make $5.00. Now if you happen ·to know of such a fellow or girl or woman, or happen to be such a person yourself. why not ta ke up th;s work? Take it up to help THE INTERNATIONALIST because ·it is the best radical J;Uagazine today, and should be read by every one of your neighbors. Take it up because is a lib[ral commission paid . remember this: if you want to see the dawn of a better day you have got to do some nu:su1nK own accoun t. You can't sit down and let o thers do all the work. If you know half a dozen · hundred or half a thousand people who could be benefited by having some ne~ ideas nPru•h•<>.t.• minds, then nominate yoursel.f Chief Sub-Getter of you neighborhood and we will elect you. in for six sub-cards for $3.60, or send in $5 and get ten, and prove to yourself that you are a -wine, sure-eJ;ough sub-getter who can deliver the good~. If you never soJd a suh-card, see·. . If you don !t think you can, prove.t hat you ha ·•e a right to be consider-ed_!:If ·some use to the I movement. · · .t Arc you wifiin3 to do something besides read The INTERNATIONALIST? Of course we ar,e have your name on the mailinl!Afst. but if you wi' l get someone else to do it, you wilt have. :elf really popular, and you wift' have a sense of ha ;ing done someth:ng' to spread the ideas· 111 . Why not get some boy or girl into the habit, so:ne young man or young woman into ~he mg sub~criptions? The commission is liberal. The magazine mal~es its way ~verywhere. If you sit down right now, write us a letter, sead in your order for ten sub-cards, put · or a money order, and then get busy when the sub-cards arrive, we will know that you through after all, and that you really ARE interested and that it wasn't mere curiosity read through but that you are a constructive builder and like THE INTERNA others would, and want to have them read it. No~ wa~ it curiosity, or will you pelp? �' Loall Your mo!ley ·r;!, Per · to the Colbity.af g~,Cent :..\ . .•- ' \ ' :• ' elp Your Ca:usef. ' \ tract of land is being purchased by the Llan~, Colony. It is a splendid investment. the country who ~ve ~~~1 -sums to invest,_or Ta-;;~~~;};;;h~~~a;t~r:- ~ow to place them where they will draw a . good rate of interest and at the same time land security. mquired about making investments. Now for the first time the colony ,is able to offer investment and make -·goQd use of the money borrowed. The purchase of this•land opens the to the es.tablishment of many homes, and those who have small sums to inv~st can pu~ them to the sort of use. They will be · helping the cause in which they are interested, and Will draw good· interest on their market. The colony prefers bor-rowing from comrades because it wishes to have its debts in the hi;m ds of its . . \ fr.icnds. · The land is . to be developed as rapidly as possible for food' production. It is capable of . twenfY to thirty b1,1shels of peanuts to the acre, fifty to two hundred bushels of sweet potatoes, bale _of cotton, a- fair-yield- of- corn-{1:he·s:e- al'e- tileprincipal cr~TFie unhearCI:OTCiem~nd makes · this land valuable; its cultivation will be extremely profitable. _.. . .There is a market clarno prOducts.· , ,_ Many comrades throughout the country have small sums which they have saved; but which they kno,w how tq invest safely. The' colony offers one with gilt-edge security. This land is to be ·sale by "·t he colony, such portion as will be sold, for $25 an acre and up. of $1 00 and up will be accept.e d and land security given. Smaller sums will also be accepted s,ecurity will be . given. This will ·be made known on application. Please write for this intod~y and ask the Questions vou have in mind. If you have money to loan or know of others write us. This is an exceptional oppcirtunity; Now is the time to take advantage of it. J:>ut a stamp to ask what vou wish to know. Write AT ONCE. - Bu.reau., llano Colony -L~e&ville,~ Louisiana · ~ ·~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Internationalist, 1918-06 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Description An account of the resource Formerly Western Comrade Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918-06 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Western Comrade Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-TheInternationalist_v06n02_191806 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v06n02 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. The Internationalist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/e76c700a31238bde0aa02ae35d8cb91a.pdf f596c28bd30e8bec3614dd7934d0328c PDF Text Text FOR M E R L Y TIBlE '~'ESTERN C<(J)MR.Ali))E Price 10 Cents May,l918 China and the Social Revolution By Kiang Kang Hu ' National Non-Resistance? -A Debate by AIf red J e s s i e W a II a c e A. S e s s i o n s al\d H u g h a n, Ph. D. · World Federation After the War By Wa I t e r T ho m a s M i II s . \Vhat Esperanto Means to the World By C r e s t o n CIa r k Co i g n e The Story of American Socialism 0\ By L in c o I n P h i f e r ~ �' ..., \ • ~-- 0 1. • I • Gateway to Freedom 16,000 ACRE PLANTA!ION IN THE HIGHLANDS OF WESTERN LOUISIANA . . of agricultural production, ·every available man is ·put on · the fanri •. Rio Co-operative Colony was establish;<! at Llano! This work takes precedence over all else. very avc;'nue of waste · is County, California, in May, 1914. It attracted bein11 closed as fast as discovered. Elimination of useless work ~~nd re•1uo'u~ho1ut the country because of the calibre of the duction of only partly necessary tasks is insisted on. The ain... of l ond1uctmg it. Hundreds joined the colony and during the Colony is not only to support itself the very first year, but to of acres of orchards and alfalfa were planted, grown, and many industries were established, . have an ample mar_gin left over. This will take careful and systematic planning. Through this care and foresight, the new Colqny will be intention was to form other colonies, extending able to take care of all of its resident•. including increase. Housing as possible. The first extension has been organized. is simplified by the number of houses acquired with the property. search, it ~vas finally decided to purchase 16,highlands of Vernon Parish in Western Loumile from Leesville, the parish scat of Vernon IS miles from the Sabine river, about 40 miles (both navigable), forty miles from Alexandria, ;:,hrevepoort, and about 200 miles from New Orleans. this district are fertile, high, well-drained, healthswamps, no malaria, no mosquitoes, no fevers more other st~tes. Health reports show that this portion compare favorably with any other section of the is an abundance of drinking water of excellent investigation was made regarding health conditions. by the Health Departme•: of Louisiana were studied. district were interviewea. All agreed on the healthof the State, and those who have heard diSLouisiana are invited to make further and more before arriving at conclusions. lies southwest of Leesville and has had most of . Remaining along the creeks.however, are scat~ long leaf variety to supply the Colony with buildyears to come. About 1200 acres of hardthousands of dollars are also on the land r the establishing of many industries. The magnolia, white oak, cypress, walnut, . post oak, gum, and hickory. The trees are splendid ones, timber is not to be su:-rassed in quality. it was finally found that the · Stables stood on the property. This was acA hotel of 18 rooms, 27 habitable houses, one shed l30x300 feet, one shed 130x200 one store 30x90, one office 40x50, eight The lumber in these buildings. together on the place, amounts to about 2 million feet. extend acrpss the land. A concrete power house · kilns (cost to erect them, $12,000) each kiln high, are also -included. Stables is on the City SoutHern Railroad. This town will be later a more systematically laid out town will COLONY INDUSTRTtS The establshment of industries goes forward as rapidly as this can be achieved. These are at present secondary to food production. Land must be cleared, plowed, fenced, tilled. Later industries will be given a!tention. .At present· the hotel, dairy, printing department, livestock, etc., are the industries. Some machinery is on the which has not been set up and will not be until circumstances HOW TO BECOME A MEMBER The price of a membership in the Llano Colony has been set at $2000. A change in the rate of initial payments, operative on and after May 1st, 1918, is based on the number of persons in the family and their ages, the minimum payment being $'1000, and ranging to $2000. Other changes are contemplated. In order to become a member, it is necessary to fill out an Application for Membership form which is passed upon. The incoming member, when he becomes a resident, occupies a colony house, is paid on the same scale as 'all other members of the colony, and under the present atran·gement, works out one share of stock a day until the entire membership has worked out. Employment is given all members of the family. applicants for membership are required to give reputable Those wishing to take out membership a re requested to write to .Membership Department direct for full information and to take memberships through it. No Agents Are Authorized to Make or to Accept Money ... Mere ownership of stock does not give the of membership. There is also the Instalment Memb~n by which those who not make payments in full at once may take out a membership which they may pay $10 or more each month. Those interested this plan are invited to write specially concerning it. WHEN YOU VISIT US remember that Stables is on the Ka.nsas City Southern Railroad, runs due South from Kansas City to Port Arthur, and we one mile from Leesville, in Vernon Parish, midway of the in the extreme western part. AGENTS WANTED Trustworthy agents are desired in different conui1urtiti,es who can furnish first-rate references are invited Membership Department concerning becoming our LAND FOR SALE question asked. A careful investigation has been of mistake were taken. It is found that a great do well here. Peaunts, sweet potatoes, melons. of and sugar cane, will be the besi producers ••omoo-bnm,ers Vegetables of all kinds do well, and . returns. This region is not sufficiently well to make detailed <tatements possible, but from a of undoubted reliability, assurance is given that cherries, and similar fruits can be profitably and goats can find forage during nearly the of hogs is profitable because of the abunbe grown here. OF DEVELOPMENT The Colony thoroughly realizes the responsput upon it. Efficiency is insistw on, and required to attend efficiency classes. The given instruction. Records are kept showhiev.,meJnt, results, costs. There is a systematic and perfected. Land is being cleared and plowWith a complete understanding of the needs Many have inquired about buying land. The will offer land close to the Colony for sale at on reasonable terms. More detailed information is given in the which outlines the idea of co-operative it, and what is hoped may be achieved, together to be used. The folder "Llano's Plantation ir Louisiana" goes inlo more detail concerning ihe tract. The new colony in Loui>iana can support a population several thousand per.;om. It offers ' wonderful who join. You a re invited to write to Memher•lh;n for full information about ar.y point not questions you ask. AJdress LLANO DEL Stables, �Pol tical Act on Co-operatioll Fo~erly "THE -WESTERN ialiam COMRADE" . Enter~d as second-class mauer November 4th, 1916. at the i>ostoliice at Uimo, Cal.• under Act of March 3, 1879. : Application for entry as second-class matter at the post!'llic.e at _Leesville, La., pending. . JOB . HARRIMAN... _._..._- ·_M_a_na...:.(m :....·...:g:_ E_di_.to _r_ _ALAN ~-~'-0-"~-S_ES_S_I::.. !)_ Ns: _·~ -·--As __so_C._·a".te_ E_di_lo_r..--- E-RN _ _ES _T _ S _._W _ OOSTER....Business Maoacer Subscription Rate: $1.00 a year ; Canada, $ i 25; Single copies, I Oc.; Oubs of Five or more (in U. S.) $3.00. Publishers and others are invited to copy at will from THE INTERNATIONALIST. but are asked to give credit. In making change of address, always give your former one so that the mailing department may be certain that the right name is changed. Please do nbt send sub- · scriptions. changes of address. complaints, etc., to individuals. Address ALL communications to The Uano Publications, Leesville, La. The lntem'ltionalist neithe• approves nor disappJoves the sentiments expressed in contributions not signed by one of the editors. LEESVILLE, LA., MAY, 1918. Vol. VI No.1 By Job Harriman T HE INTERNATIONALIST appears at a most opGREED portune time, not only in its history, but in the GREED will dig its own grave. No power can save history of the world. it from the tomb. Its urge is always toward death. Its former name "The Western Comrade" was used Like a cancer, it eats the heart in which it dwells. It when it was in California and limited to substantially petrifies the brain that bids it welcome. It makes an that locality. But now that it has moved to the South outcast of all who drink its elixir. Ambition and tyranwhere it is in easy touch with all the world as well as ny are its partner~. and capitalism is its all-consuming with our own country, it must occupy a larger field, and, fire: at least in some degree, respond to the new internationObserve the trenches. alism that is springing out of this war. --<>As its new. fii ld of work opens it will endeavor to LOVE ·· ..mtray the reasons why the whole fabric of our cap- LOVE builds its own throne. No power can crush OJ' italist civilization is dissolving, and will · endeavor to dislodge it. Its magic touch ·gives life and joy. It is assist in its .feeble way in blazing the course out of the a fountain of _Perpetual happiness in every heart in which jun~le· into which we have been plunged and onto a it dwells. It inspires and illuminates the brain that bids it welcome. It makes a god of all who dr.i nk its elixir.. higher plane of life. The walls that capitalism has built around the coun- Hope and charity are its partne·rs, and br.stherhood is tries are crumbling and we shall soon be bounding over its all-absorbing aim. Observe the pacifist. them and mingling with other peoples in spirit and in life. --oWith this world war has come excruciating pain, but it is a birth-pain. CAPITALIST papers and magazines aret.harging the Bolsheviki with all the crimes on th calendar. The world is being born again,-born into new thought, world patriotism, world spirit, world brotherThe North American Review says, "they 1are a group hood. of despotic leaders who are grasping at .autOcratic power The national lines and feuds are passing. The na- by inflaming the cupidity of th~ lowest cla1s to murder• tiona! characters w!l soon be a thing of the past. The ous violence." Is there not at least something International will be the standard. of ''murAnd we shall endeavor to mak'"e THE INTERN'.f~ derous violence" along the trenches? TIONALIST a · worthy spokesman.. \ Did the Bolsheviki or the Socialists --<>' \the governing classes to these deeds? OBBING a man of hope is like robbing an egg of "Great wealth," they go on to say in .meat-it leaves only a shell. "is the fruit of extraordinary R .. �and energy... And. they Great woJth represents power extracted from the · say. crimes. liuman energy or lives of the nation. Whoever extracts it without rendering .an equivalent commit& a social crime. Wh_oever will commit a crime to gain power will commit a crime to hold it. This world war is a diabOlical crime to hold fast to ill-gotten power and capitalism is responsible for it. There is one dastardly difference between a buzzard and capitalism ; a buzzard will devour its dead, but ca~ italism will devour the living and the dead. -()-- L ESE MAJESTY is now the law in Texas. This law was passed as a sort of fly trap for I. W. W. speakers. Jf the theory of the law is correct, it should be applied against the freedom of the _press as well as against freedom of speech. S uch an application would catch an · extraordinary variety of criminals. Some bright spring morning would disclose in chains Roosevelt and the editor of the Kansas City Star, the editor of the North American Review and a host of others who are guilty of violent criticism of both. the government and the President. There is a difference, however, between the I. W. W. criticism and that of Roosevelt and the Review. The one represents a multitude of suffering human beings calling for bread and justice, while the other is a carping, hypocritical campaign for the gratifi~ation of political ambitions. The one is punished and the other goes free. The on is weak and the other is powerful. The one is treated with contempt, the other with r sp ct for tihe same act. Justicet Thy name is " farce"! Transportation is of such minor impo lance that it is sca.Jc:dy a problem. All the elements of efficiency is present. They teqW:re a minimum man PoWer foi tran portation lUld pro-duction. leaving a maximum ll).an power for military demands. : The ~itazy efficiency of a nation i mea ured by its"ability to concentrate a maximum number of men alld a maximum quantity of equipment. ea ily and quickly. Within a few weeks two million men with fOod and equipment were transferred from the eastern to the west• ern. front, in full· preparation for battle. Seven millions more are trained and ready to be drawn, and are within m<!rching distance of the trenches. · The reverse is true of ~e Allies. The Allies and their colonies are sc!lttered throughout the world. Though their power is enormous, their in• ability to concentrate that power places them at a tre· mendous disadvantage. . No more glaring instance ~f this fact can be cited than that of the United States. Her transportation problems west of the Mississippi alone are far more difficult and perplexing than are all the transportation problems of the Central Powers. Add to this the transportation of ·troops and equi~ ment east of the Mississippi. Again, add the transportation of food and military supplies over a vast territory where intensive agriculture is scarcely known. Again, add the necessity of building sufficient ships to transport these troops and equipment 3000 miles; and then add the necessity of transporting them through dangerous seas swarming With submarines, and you have a picture o'f unavoidable obstacles_which demap.ds a maximum number of men for purposes of preparation leaving only a minimum number for mititary purposes. The same is true, only worse, iii the case. of -th • colonies of England. -This fact places the fundamental advantage with the HE CENTRAL POWERS have always held the Central Powers, while the minimum efficiency is with the fundat ental ad vantage in the war. Allies. They lie tween and divide their enemies. 'o one knows these facts better than Mr. RooJevelt t first thi wa considered a weakness because they ould be aU eked from all sides; but it proved to be and his associate defamers. It is nothing less than diabolical. political turpitude to blame Pruident W&on nn ad antage. . Th . trench s in e ery direction lie dose to· tlu: seat for military inefficiency in the face of these facu. From a military point of view, it might have been far of upplies. Every could he reached within ma.n:hing distance- more sagacious to have placed millions of "'L:Iiert in the The agrit\llbJrnl, industrial and military resoun:es are agricu)tural and industrial fields. thui enabling Uf to T in touth ~ the field of hattie. is dense and quiddy available. All iodlftjial lines were highly o:rganind aud ;ur.-1"';;llu.c:M to in~sive cultiv.ttioo. L01mtifu1Jy feed and supply the ADies wbote soldier• were near 1he battle held, bat Rooievdt aud Lis band do not raise this poiot. Scm1id ambition appea.is to be their ool,. guide. �.i' l. - J The ·.,.,-r- Internationalist S M ABOT- a kind of wooden shoe worn by the peas-AN acts in line with his beli~£. antry of Europe. . Belief arises in logical sequence an establishWhat has this to do with sabotage? ed or assumed premise. . Simple enough! The shoe was thrown into the Belief is therefore determin_e d not by 1right or wrong, machine for the purpose of destroying · its usefulness in but by the accepted premise. times of strikes. F~st, the premise and the reasoning. -Second, the conclusion and the belief. That is the meaning of_the word. Third, the action. · Other meanings that may be attached indi~te that the mind of the author of the new interpretation is This is the mental process that unlocks the infinite enchanging while the original meaning persists. ergy of the race and turns loose the dogs of war as well The theory and practice of sabotage is wrong. The as the princes of peace. - Look carefully, therefore, into your -premise. cause of the working class must be worked out along Can man live in harmony when conflicting interests the lines of constructive, and not destructive, effort. Life is constructive and productive of hope. evolve out of his institutions? ..; · Is it right for one to expropriate the energy of anDeath is destructive and brings with it despair. Death, destruction, despair-are unconscionable m other? Is profiteering right either in times of peace or war? their operations·. They lead to the pit. If so, is the conservation of energy a fundamental ECRET DIPLOMACY is among the most dangerous law of nature, or is it even a law at all? If the conservation of energy is a fundamental law, of all methods ever conceived to adjust international is not capitalism or expropriation in any form, violaaffairs. It must -be abolished or peace will ever be broken by tion of that law? Can one who expropriates human energy contrary to repeated wars. Establish secret diplomacy between the States of this this fundamental law be trusted to use such energy wisely? country and a ci'lil war would If conservation is the law, soon follow. is not restoration the only A few powerful states just answer? would seek to control by arms By Davi-d Bobspa If restoration is .made, will what they now strive to conthere not be peace and hartrol by politics. Wave forever, mony? Lay all the cards on the Oh good red flag of universal brotherhood. If restoration is refused, For· the International lives! table in a world parliament, Never died the spark of freedom's fire. will there not be conflict and center the milit~ry or police Earth trembles today war? authority there, open the In birth of the era of Humanism. Some say that pacifists are commerce of the world to Blindly we groped for traitors; that war is natural. all, and we wiil put the world The International But we say unto you, "Look in a fair way to work out inThrough rapacious years of exploitation. well into your premise, -for the ternational - harmony. The Great War nature of the animal is deThis would bring about a Has clarified our vision termined in the egg." harmony of states, but internAnd thorofied our understanding al discord extends its roots far Of humanity's Greater War! deeper than politics. They INDENBURG will go Rise of Humanism run down into the vitals of down in history as the In Russia dawned. as capitalism, animal greed and world's greatest general and The red flag of the International ambition. Combined these deBy Bolsheviki flung hence - the world's greatest velop insatiable cannibalism. Proclaimed to all the world destroyer . . Internal harmony can be The hour of freedom's triumph. Tolstoi will go down in established only by eliminathistory as the . world;s greatOa glad May Day ing all conllict of interest and est pacifist hence the One-nine-one-eight . by laying a substantial founWhen arGuses the proletariat world's · dation in a community of inTo make real today ye will Choose terest upon which a genuine The International! serve. brotherhood <:an rest secure. S ----<>- a The International Lives! . H-----------------<>- ,. �r>age six - The Iniernationalist \ S~o-ry of American Socialism -~ By Lincoln Phifer, Editor "The New Wo.rld." back to the world, where they could make their living by easier methods. I. THE DRAMA OF COLONIZATION 'f. OWEN'S INTELLECTUAL APPEAL 'f. 'f. The Owenite idea was taken up by others. One experim-e nt sought to free slaves and develop them under co-<>perative OBERT OWEN was born in Wales in 1771. He was conditions; but six montps were sufficient to discourage the poorly schooled and . at e_J~ven w~s apprentic~d . to a London mercha nt. H1s ab1hty was such that w1thm ten promotors and the freed slaves were removed to Hayti and the community was abandoned. Another community was estabyears he had arisen to the superintendency of more t~an 5~0 lished by learned rationalists with a "church · of Reason." workmen. He quit the place_and became a partner w1th A_rK- . A1iother: composed of farmers, took up manufacture on a cowright, inventor of the spinning jenny. in the New Lanark, operative basis and prospered, but was broken up because Scotland, cotton mill. The village went with the mill, ana titles to real estate held did not stand the test in the courts. the employess were mostly children, who were slept and fed in barracks and treated much like beasts. Owen at once began Owen lived until 87 years old, and devoted his life to the reforms. The spinning jenny owned by them, in one of the few mills in the world that used it, assured business success;. workers,_dying comparitively poor. · He orgapized in England and child labor was abolished, mode! tenements were erected, an "Association of All Classes and Nations," which afterward the liquor business was cur-tailed and in general, condition~ assumed the name of Socialists. He left fo~r sons, a)l of were improved, while free schools were established. When the who r~mained in America, and all of ~hom attained reputapartners objected to the reforms Owen published a statem~nf tion, each in the line of work he pursued. of the case, which, being widely circulated, called enough hbMost famous of his sons was Robert Dale Owen, who coner<i.l-minded men to his side to enable him to buy out the ob- tinued the work begun in the New Harmony community. He jectors and proceed with his work. His reforms and ag~tation published three papers in succession, setting forth the hopes brought him such renown that he was called on to a1d the of the workers, the last, "Young Am~rica," attaining a wide English government in ameliorating labor '-onditions in general circulation and carrying at the head two demands that are very and he divised, on request, the famous educational system that striking: "Equal rights for women with men in all respects," has since been used in Prussia. and "Abolition of chattel slavery and of wage slavery." Twice It was with this equipment that Owen turned his attention he was elected to congress, and drafted the act under which to a plan for the reorga nization of society. He called his plan the Smithsonian Institute was established in Washington. He Socialism. He lectured on it, and had the learned and famous was perhaps the chief figure in the fight for the establishment as auditors. Finally, he projected a community, and finding of public schools on a national basis. In his old age he wrote the Rapp community, land and houses in Posey county, In- President Lincoln suggesting how the slaves might be emancidiana , for sale, he hought them all and launched his com- pated; and the ve~ plan he suggested was followed. It is a munity there on 30,000 acres of land. Though he had devised singular thing that both he and his father, though both had a building on the order of the old California mission houseJ, boldly proclaimed their materialism, before their death dewith many rooms surrounding a vacant court, as a means_ ol clared their belief in spiritualism. The first intellectual exaffording cheap construction and yet compactness and individ- pression for emancipation of the workirig class had, apparual privacy with community relationship, he accepted the ently, completed the circle and returned to the earliest inspirabuildings as they stood at New Harmony. Owen not only gave tional expression . . his money to promote the enterprise without hope of reward, but also spent much of his time at New Harmony. The experi.· Chapler IV ment attracted men of science and letters. The community was visited by notables from all over the world. Lectures of I. THE COLONIZING PERIOD a high order were delivered, and there was a . marked dev~­ opment of musical tale11t. In the very midst of this activity, THE FOURIER COLONff.S Owen had the courage, if lack of discretion, to announce his BOUT 1835, Charles Fourier, who had been a soldier conversion from belief in religiou to materialism. This turned in the French revolution, brought out a boo~ that outa large element against him. Because of Owen's materialistic belief many preachers vislined his scheme for the regeneration of human society. ited the colony for the purpose of promulgating their dogmas. It was an elaborate system, beginning with the community, Owen met the invasion in a charasteristic manner. He insisted which he hoped to organize as the unit, called a phaianx: anci on entertaining the ministers and giving them free use of tile leading up to the na tion and finally the world. The book did hall, the only stipulation ~eing that at the conclusion of the;r not attract wide attention until Arthur Brisbane, a briliian~ talks they must submit to questioning. While this free forum American editor, visited Europe, read Fourier's book, and on almost stopped the propaganda of religion in New Harmony, it his return presented the plan to the American people in a voiume which he called, the "Social Destiny of Man." This book increased rather thap diminished dissension. The community rovided free education and free medical attracted the favorable attention of many literary men. A service. The New Harmony experiment failed alter ai>out column was engaged in the N"w York Tribune for agitating the three years. There 'ere efforts to establish other communities plan. Later, a paper, known first as. the "Phalanx" and after- under modified plan and with selected membership. In one, ward as the "Harbinger," was started to forward the move-:omposed of literar men and men of sedentary habits, all ment. The Brook Farm community, the first of the phalanxes, --nked, and service was the passion of life. But finally life was formed in Massachusetts, with membership that included R A tt:nt~loctu.!• - t,_, ,,,.,«! too tamo and tho mombo" :o;t :el2'ao •uoh famo"' pooplo •• Ha<a~ G<Odoy, Pa.ko Godwin, Wii!W. ~i7.rn. -..L21Di?i! ..'...~- �The Inte r na t ionalist .Page seven ~nryChanning,Charles A.Dana, George W. Curtis, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Margaret. Fuller.. Louise M. Alcott and Ralp~ Waldo Emerson gave their sanctiOn to the new work. Their rallying cry was: "Our white flag. is given to the breeze. Our three-fold motto -unity of man with man in true society, unity of man wil~l God in true religion, unity of man with nature in creative art and industry- is blazoned on its folds. Let hearts, strong in the might of faith and hope and charity, rally to bear--it on m triumph. We are sure to conquer. God will work with us; . humanity will welcome our word of glad tidings. · The future is ours. On, in God's name!" Horace Greeley declared : "I shall .do whatever I can for the promotion of our common cause. To it whatever I have or may hereafter a.cquire of pecuniary ability is devoted." Some of the finest characters America ev~r produced, men and women that the country still honors, wrote and spoke freely for the cause. As a result phalanxes were organized in many states: six in Ohio, seven in New York, six in Pennsylvama, two in Massachue'setts, two in Indiana. Some of these pha1anxes attracted more than local attention. Brook Farm community has already been mentioned, composed- largely of htcrary people, who were too much given to contemplation to make practical success of agriculture. Next to it in fame was the North American phalanx, only forty miles from New York city. Fruitlands also attracted much attention. Some of the colonies started under very unfavorable conditions, enduring hardships of pioneering with the utmost cheerfulness. The total membership in the various phalanxes at one time exceeded 25,000. They held state and even national conventions, and were in a mea·sure afli.1iated, dreamina of a time when they should be able to dominate the social :ctivities of the nation. It is a rather remarkable fact that the same thing that had given strength to the colonizing movements up to this timethat is, the abundance of cheap land in America-was the prime cause of the sudden collapse of the phalanxes; for when hardships became too great and dissentions arose, the members could always go further west and get individual foothold. Many of the phalanxes had started without adequate means of protecting themselves until they could get established. This was expressly against the advice of Fourier and Brisbane, both. But enthusiasm got away with their judgment. These were the first to go. When they fai led, the American people, who had hailed the new movement with great favor, suddenly lost interest in it and declared the whole thing a fai lure. They would no longer listen to agita tion or argument in its favor. The result was that even the stronger communities went down in rapid succession. Within a few years from the first collapse, all was gone, and the most evanescent and picturesque of the American colony movements had become a thing of the past. Chapter V. THE ICARIANS E fiENNE CABOT was a Frenchman · whose radicalism procured his banishment to · England. In this country he became a student and writer of histories. His researches led him to the conclusion that history was a story of neediess calamity; and he evolved a scheme which he believedo, if adopt~d. would end the miseries of which he had read and written so much. He presented his ideas in the story of an imaginary, ideal society, which he described in a book entitled "A Voyage to lc«1-rta." This was published in F~ance in 1840. The . old communards rallied to him, and he speedily gained a large . ·follo~it!g. Persecution followed. But p rsecution increased inrerest in his proposals. In 1847 it .was 'estimated th<~t there were hundreds of thousands who believed in his ideas in F ranee, Switzerland, Spain, Germany, England and o~her countries. Challenged to prove his theo'ries by experiments, and urged by his followers to do so, he called for ·volunteers for a colonizing movement. · The response was ast~unding. He himself declared that he believed a milllon might be rallied to the movement. He went to England to consult the . aged Robert Owen, and was told that he (Owen} had, after his ex. perience in Indiana, planned a big colony in Texas. Cabot determined to found his colony in Texas. Thou~ands offered to join the first colony. From among these Cabot selected 69 and started them to America to prepare for a' la.rger company that was to follow. . On arriving in America the lcarians fell into the hands of land sharks. They purchased what they supposed to be a million acres of land in Texas, only to discover that the deel:s .were so worded that they really obtained only 10,240 acres, and this land was in western Louisiana rather than Texas. They supposed the land could be reached by boat., but found that they had to travel ~erland, over a swamp country without roads for 150 miles from New Orleans. The trip exhausted many. Many contracted fevers, and deaths became frequent. Finally their one physician became insane. In the meantime a republic had been proclaimed in France, a nd the ls;arians t here were split with dissentions. Instead of 1500 coming to America in the second contingent, only 19 ca~e across. When they arrived at the huts that had been bmlt on the colony properly, and saw how gloomy the prospect looked, they advised an abandonment of the project. Dividing into three companies and taking different routes in order to make surer of finding game sufficient to sustain all while returning to New Orleans, the lcarians made a 'slow and painful m~rch , many being sick and four dying on the journey. Arnved at New Orleans, they met a third contingent of colonists and waited there for a fourth, which conta ined Cabot himself. Explorers were sent out to discover a new a nd better lo~al~on . It. was at this time Cabot hea rd that the land and bmldmgs which the Mormons owned at Nauvoo, Ill., were for sale cheap, on acco11nt of the opposition to the Mormons having led to the killing of their leader, joseph Smith, at that J?lace, and ~he Mormons, under Brigham Young, being determmcd to stnke out to the great west. The lcarians went to Nauvoo by boat and purchased the Mormon property. At Nauvoo the lcarians prospered. ·A thousand acres of rented land were cultivated. Mills and shops were started and schools established. They published a newspaper. They had agen ts in Paris a nd other parts of Europe. They owned their own theatre and had a stock company of lcarians; they had an orchestra of fi fty pieces. While things looked bright Cabot returned to France and paid, as a debt' of honor, the losses some 'who had joined the colony and 'then abandoned it had sustained. While abroad, he was entertained by the aged Robert Owen. On returning to America he was welcomed by statesmen and scholars throughout the East as a philanthopist, and in speaking of his / colony and its hopes he said: "The earth will be a fairy land; the habitations palaces ; the labors of. the people mere pastimes; and their whole lives pleasant dreams." On returning to Nauvoo, in a spirit of generosity , he, who until this time had exercised dictatorial powers over the com· munity, reorganized it as a pure democracy. It was not l~ng however, before difficulties arose. Cabot then desired to reassume dictatorial powers that he restore it to prpsperity. He was resisted. TJ.ae colony bitterly divided. (ContV Jed'; '>n Page 34) / '" �Page eight The Internationalist Saying What We Think By Walter Pritchard Eaton W £ " have never had free speech in America, and, in some respects, ·less with each decade. I mean by that, there have always been restraints, either by law or · opinion, on a man's utterances. Some of these restraints are those of politeness or decency, and they grow more strict all the time. In the eighteenth century you could say many things before women, for which you would get your head punched today. In the early nineteenth century literary critics could kill Keats with unkindness and sling venom and spite which today no decent periodical would consent to print. On the other hand, a century ago, it was far less .safe to say what you thought about the code of orthodox Christianity. Even today, however, in most communities, public opinion makes it uncomfortable for a man to express religious views that go beyond Unitarianism, and there is a kind of hushed and fearsome taboo against any outspoken criticism of the Roman Catholic church. The result of this is, of course, ignorance and superstition about the Roman church, underground and ridiculous attacks upon it, and, in the Church itself, the kind of reaction such attacks inevitably breed. The taboo against a fair, free, open discussion of the Roman church in America is one of the dangerous things in our country; and it is a product not of respect for Catholic feelings, but a product of cowardly fear on both sides. Politically, we have always had a supposed right of free speech, though such speech is, after all, but a small part of man's expression. What the general sentiments of the community will not let him say is, normally, far more than what the government would try to stop his saying in war time. For instance, Scott Nearing probably found less real chance for expression when he was a professor at Pennsylvania in peace times than since he became the persecuted head of the People's Council in war times. The so-called legal right to free speeLh, that is, to free and full criticism and discussion of governmental problems, does not begin to cover the ground, and a nation may conceivably give the fullest liberty of speech in its constitution and yet, practically, through public sentiment, greatly restrict its radicals, its thinkers, as well a~se-· mouthed pests. There was never less free speech, probably, in many lines, than in the New England of the Puritans. Now, what I am trying to get at is this: Free speech, broadly considered, really has very little to do with laws and constitutions, and a great deal to do with the temper, the spirit of the people. If a people love truth for its own sake, have the intellectual balance and sanity to listen to both sides of any question, no matter iolow exciting the question may be, real free speech will exist among them. That is why, in a nation as intellectually childish as America, free speech in war time is really impossible, a nd would be if Solomon were Postmaster General instead of the pre~ent incumbent. Free Speech depends on a national state of mind. not on a set of officials. Burleson could today be replaced, Congress could repeal all the powers of restriction given him, but still. though a relatively few radical organs WOULD break forth, the average man would be little more outspoken' than he is now. The g;reat mass of the American p.e<iple bel e in the justice of this war and they do not see the other side f it. (I do not mean the German side by that, for I, myself, can ,~ee no German side. I mean the side which the · ·. · of all n?tions at war and the true toiling 7es.) i \ Above all, the great bulk of the American people accept childishly the creed "My Country, Right or Wrong," and believe that any discussion that takes ah imperson!ll or .international squint and looks deeper or more searchingly, is delaying action and an aid to the enemy. In other words, the mass of people, under the aroused passions of battling nationalism, are pra'ctically incapable of real, intellectual discussion, ·and hence are intolerant of real free speech. Such laws as we have enforced against free speech in the past year or more could not have been enforced without a great majority sanction behind them. That sanction would have operated without the laws to repress speech, even if it did not impose such material punishment on the speakers. The editor of THE INTERNATIONALIST tells me that he wonders how long the American people must wait to regain their pre-war rights to "unmolested expression." Not a day after the American people WANT unmolested expression, and not a day before! In the present state of civilization, they will not want it, in all probability, while the war lasts, unless the war should bring great suffering. They may not want it after the war, even,_should the mad whirligig of events now MAY DAY Holy Day of human BrotherhoodThat now seems like a tragic mockery Because, alas, we have not understood 'lfhe forces that are yet to make us free! Like Springtime breaking through the vernal bond, When nature fills the world with new-born pow'r, You urge us to the hope that lies Beyond, In keeping with the spirit of the hour.· Your insipration fans the passion flame That burns so deep within the rebel soul, And strengthens us to press the common aim Which leads along the way to Freedom's goal. We consecrate again your sacred ties That bind us to a dream sometime must be A crowning friumph from which shall arise The coming world of true Fraternity. -WILLIAM ]. FIELDING. going on bring about the class struggle as the great issue. Then the ruling class and its vast supporting army of the middle class will still prefer privilege to discussion. Free speech is the ideal right of every man. It is the actual right only so far as he can maintain it and so far as the passions of the community support him. Free speech implies, usually, something potentially uncomfortable. Somebody may always be about tli emit a new truth or attack an old one, which compels thought and readjustment. Your average man hates thought and loathes readjustment. So if your free .speech makes him so uncomfort!lble, he will always do his best to make YOU UNCOMFORTABLE until you shut . up. But, on the other hand, the average man does have a sense of fair play. and so long as he is not too stirred by war passiOns, he hesitates to resort to force in suppression. just �I) The Internationalist China And The Social Revolution By Kiang K an g H u, National Secretary, Socialist Party of China. T HE idea of Collectivism or Socialism is very old in China. It can be traced back to the very begin!lin.g of Chipese civilization, over four thousand years ago. When about a decade ago, modern Socialist thought began to be propagated in China, it met with two sets of critics, each holding opposite views, yet each equally severe in their criticism of the new doctrine. One set said, "Socialism, why that is nothing new; we have had that for ages." The other set said, "Socialism is an importation. It is foreign to our soil. It may fit European conditions but it certainly does not fit Chjnesc conditions." · Both of these critics were partially correct and 'yet, because of their narrow view, both were -wrong. True, the traces of communistic thought are to be found in Chinese life and history for centuries. But their ideas are distinctly Utopian in their character and cannot be identified with modern scientific Socialism. True, likewise, was it at that time (a decade ago) that scientific or Marxian Socialism was an imported plant which could not flourish in Chinese soil. But China is changing. Machine production is rapidly displacing handicraft. Where yesterday stood the little cobbler shop, today, the great shoe factory rears its ugly form. Where yesterday the coolie porter trotted with his burden, the automobile truck rushes on its way. Railroads have come, and power looms. This is the soil in which scientific Socialism will grow. Nothing can slop it. The Chinese, like the whole human race, have natural collectivist leanings. If we mine into the mountain of Chinese philosophy, we will soon find a rich vein of collectivism running throughout, persisting throughout its entire length and breadth. Material enough is at hand to fill a bulky volume. Greatest of all Chinese philosophers is Confucious. Says this sage: "All mankind is a brotherhood. More than that, they are even as the parts Gi, one body, of which you cannot injure the slightest without giving pain to the whole." Again, he says: "Equality is the ideal of society." And again: "The well-bei1ig and stability of a nation lies not in its wealth, but in the equal distribution of that wealth among its people." In the last decade. here and there, . were to be found in- · dividuals and small groups scattered throughout the Empire of China who studied and advocated Humanitariani~m. Communi m and .Socialism: But these groups had no connection with one another, and their ideas, for the most part, were · vague and misty. Kiang Kang Hu, a professor at the University of Peking, ' as publishing a radical newspaper which had for its aim the he is using force. That, as I see it, is a practically inevitable result of war, against which the real weapon is the slow, persistent pread of international thinking. Already, it may be, international thinking in America is breaking dowl! a little the restriction of . force. It seems to me there is ... perceptible increase of UNPUNISHED radicalism in press and platform talk. But to expect our· pre-war rights to be fully restored while the war is in progress is to expect a whole nati9n. mad~ mrea-onable by anG.ient passions, -to become suddenly reasonable with calm intdlectual detachment and to. put mind over matter, logic over purse and patriotism. uch thing simply don't happen. To make them happen i one of the great, shining, distant goals towards whi~.h the dreamers of the rid are striving. 110\ introduction of new· ideas into . China. This paper translated and published portions of the works of Balzac, of Victor Hugo, Byron and Shelley, Goethe and Heine, and towards the end of its career, some of the works of Peter Kropotkin, Karl Marx and August BebeL : . Kiang Kang Hu, thus coming into contact with Socialism, became inte~ested and finally was converted to the new doctrine. He began an agitation for the freedom of woman immediately and went on many lecture tours in the interest · of Socialism. lq Shangh~i. on july 10, 1911, at the .Chang Shu Ho Gardens, Kia ng Kang Hu organized a Socialist- Club, and on the same day the first Socialist paper in China, "The Socialist Star •." mad~ its first appearance. 'The Shih Hui Tong, or Socialist party, was 'the first political 1 rty as such in China. The Socialist party, · although not bemg composed of clear-cut Marxians, was nevertheless earnest and enthusiastic in its desire for the establishment of a Socialist Republic. On November 5, 1911, the Socialist party of China met in its first annual -Convention at Shanghai and adopted a preamble and a platform. In considering the platform of the Socialist party of China, we must remember the particular historic and economic conditions of that country. China is still partly submerged in the handicraft stage of economic development. Only portions of China have emerged into the machine process of production, or Capitalism. And this further fact must be borne in mind: China has an immense agricultural population, among whom there are a great many tenants and absentee landlords. Historically, China had just awakened from an age-long lethargic . sleep and it was more or less bewildered by the white light of dawning day. The eight planks of the platform were as follows: I. The establishment of a Republican form of government. 2. The wiping out <>f all racial differences. 3. The aboli.tion of all the remaining forms of feudal slavery and the establishment of the principle of equal ity before the law. 4. The abolition of all h-e reditary estates. 5. Free and universal shoo! system, on· co:.educational lines, together with free text-books and the feeding of school children. 6. The abolition _of all titles and castes. 7. To levy taxes in the main upon land and to do away with all personal taxes. ., 8. The abolition of the army and navy. The subsequent revolutions in China played havoc with the Socialists. The secretary of the party, Chen Ye Long, was beheaded on August 8. The party headquarters at Peking were raided by the government authorities and a decree of dissolution was issued against the Socialist paf!Y. A similar · decree was issued later. After these decrees had been issued, the Socialist party branches everywhere were forcibly dissolved. Many of dre comrades were thrown in jaiJ and a number were executed. The party, as a unit, ceased to exist,. although individuals secretly kept up a sporadic agitation. But the Socialist movem~nt in · China will reassemble forces, and will fall in step with the 6feat Red lntema~~"' and march with it to victol}'. · . . .~ ..-. ~---- �'! Page ten The Highlands For Health "I'D LIKE to come to Louisiana, but, oh, the malaria! just couldn't risk my health there." Every mairbrings a wail of this kind in at least one letter. Louisiana has -been adversely advertised: It's climate is described by one ex-California enthusiast as being equal to California, Southern California, too ! lfs healthfulness is second to no part of the country. Not even the high, dry air of the desert can claim advantage over the Highlands of Louis~ 1ana. This is an extreme statement. But it has a firm foundation in truth. Every "oldest inhabitant" of this district is rugged and strong . . All agree that the place is a healthful one in which to live. Even person s who have been troubled with lung weaknesses. and bronchial weaknesses have found the climate here beneficial. . "Louisiana is a state of varied conditions. It has its swampy district, and it is these districts that have been told of in song and story, in descriptive accounts, and in na rrative. They lend themselves naturally to such accounts. Therefore, they have figured largely in them. Longfellow takes Evangeline through the swamps of Louisiana and in the endless inter-connected bayous (say it by-o) she passes Basil without knowing it. Every child reads the wonderful story of "Evangeline," and the description of the bayous and swamps and the lowlands of Louisiana remain firmly in mind. Hence Louisiana became a land of dismal swamps and is remembered as such. Its Highlands are unadvertised. No Evangeline has yet brought them to the notice of the world. The Highlands of Louisiana are well drained. There is no standing water. There are no alligators. Few indeed, are the mosquitoes. Malaria is unknown, almost. Yellow fever never gets clo~er than several hundred miles. The Highland district of Louisiana will compare favorably for health conditions with any part of the United States. This statement can stand unqualified. It is a pleasant and a healthful place to li;e, a land where opportunity is just beginning to show herself, where she is now timidly knocking, and where doors are still shut to her. But the lapping is arousing a few. The day of the Highlands is just dawning. There is the scent of the pines in the Highlands, the balm. of health in the breeze that blows from them. Came to the Highlands not .long ago, several persons who had been ordered by physicians to live in the high, dry atmosphere of California. They had been told that continued health depended upon it. Yet these J1ersons are better here than there. Hundreds of miles of the Highlai1~h have been covered with timber, the famous long leaf pine, oak, gum, beech, and many other kinds of timber, many of them valuable . . Now the timber is fast disappearing. High prices have placed a premium on it and the great mills are taking the trees as fast as labor can cut them down. This is the lumberman's harvest, and he is not blind to the opportunity. Rapidly the parishes of Western Louisiana are being denuded. The era of the real builder of wealth is just setting in. The land smiles beneath the warm Southern sun and lies waste, waiting for the coming of the plow. The eyes of the North, stimulated by the memory of one of the bitterest winters that history records, are turning to the South where land is cheap, where fuel is plentiful, where Nature rewards instead of hinders. · Few can believe what a hospitable land it is. Sliohtly rolling, with rich bottoms between the low, undulatin; hills, it offers months of good grazing to the livestock man. Instead of the one crop a season, the southern farmer plans on two. His nr<\h••·tu ' •n against the elemen~.:.-'are slight. His equipment is I k • lnterpationali$t ridiculously small. His methods are, in the eyes of the thoroughgoing northern farmer, slipshod to a degree. Yet the farmers of the South fare exceedingly well, do not work hard, and the bank reports show splendid average · balances, well dist-ributed. It is a land so rich in opportunity that failure is - almost iiiiJ>Ossible. . · . · Though there are comparatively few farms here, for this has been tpe lumberman's paradise instead of the .farmers,· yet agriculture has been carried on here for many years, and within a few miles of the colony may be found men who have lived here all their lives, who have tilled the soil for forty years or more, and who boast of the big families they have ra-ised here. It is safe to say that a farm that will raise a family of a dozen children is a good farm, or at least that is the firm belief of the South, and it seems sound enough. There are many north· ern farms that fail to do this. The Highlands are beautiful. This does not tell the story. Perhaps words will always fail to do so. - The vegetation is largely the source of this beauty. Against tbe straight, slim pines with . their dark green, are massed the -lighter blended greens of the oak, beech, gum, hickory, and other trees. The ground beneath is a carpet of grass where the sun can get through the leaves of the trees above. Springs and creeks abound. Flowers are ··seen ev-erywhere a nd the air is filled with the hum of bees. Those who appreciate natural beauty find themselves without words to express their emotions. Those of more practical turn of mind see in the flowers more than . beauty, for they picture the development of the bee industry. Those who see beyond the mere greenery of the grass imagine in their minds fields of clover and alfalfa, wi sleek da:•-t:t~IWST-... and sheep and hogs in the fields . Those who the practical with the b~autiful see in the t that will make building material, or furnish e legs and arms .rind backs of chairs, or which may be conve ed into a myriad of uses. There's something in the Highlands of Louisiana for all. There is health for the sick, there is wealth for the industrious, there is beauty for those of artistic perceptiqns. California's climate without irriga tion, California's beauty made accessible to more people, California's hospitality enhanced-.:.these are the inducements that the heretofore little-known Highlands of Western Louisiana hold out to those who seek homes. The Highlands for Health, the Highlands for Wealth, the Highlands for Opportunity! Bees, trees, flowers, arable lands, long seasons, abundant fuel, diversity of crops-a mere des- . cription of the great Highlands reads like an advertisement. But the proofs are ample, are to be found everywhere, and it is only because these proofs have never been presented to land seekers that the opportunity has so long gone undiscovered. This, and the additional fact that the land has been and still is held in great tracts that would noi. be broken up, has kept settlers out. The wealth has either been held in timber or has remained as mere potentiality and not as a real asset. Only now is the entering ~edge being driven into what will in a few years be one of the richest agricultural districts of the South, if not of the United States. Farmers from well-tilled districts in the North and West a re astonished at what they see here. Instead of broad highways they find winding roads through the woods. Pole barns, and in many cases, pole houses are living quarters·and protec-tion for livestock and implements, such protection as is given. The universal implement is an eight-inch plow drawn by one mule. This is so that it may be easily guided about the stumps. Land is tilled year after year with the stumps left in the ·' • �\' The Internationalist . Page deven ground: Small horses, small mules, small wagons, small equip- A large acreage of com, peanuts, and velvet beans, will give ment, small farms, and large families-these are the accepted food and fe;d. This with the cane a-nd garden stuff should thing throughout much of the cotton belt. The southern farm- make it possible for the colony to set a good table largely from er does not strive for wealth. He is content with a living, and its own products. Gardening, both private and collective, is it must be admitted that he gets it and it is a good and plenti- very popular and heavy yields are promised. ful one, notwithstanding the apparent primitiveness of his Only those who come here and. see for themselves can reequipment and methods. It is the bounteousness o~ Nature alize the wonderful prospects ·and the splendid opportunities. that does it, and no premium is set on an undue expenditure Either as· a colonist or as an individual landowner, this region of energy. · · invites the investigator. Industrially, too, there are promises The Llano Colony has probably the largest tilled field in . of ·profit, promises of development along lines that have never Vernon Parish, notwithstanding that this is the first year, and · been attempted heretofore. It requires only a little time to there were ma ny thin gs to be done, such as clearing and fenc~ make the colony the center of an activity that shall turn waste lands and waste products into wealth to be s~ared by those ing tha t required a big initial outlay in labor. The several hundred acres tha t will be under fence and cultivation within who produce it in the proportion into which they enter into · a few weeks, are the source of much interest. The value of the this production. · Louisiana, the wouderful, rich in her opportunities, lavish in !and has ben much enhanced hy reason of this la bor. Corn, peanuts, and ga rden a re pla nted. Ga rden stuff is now being her promises, generous in her invita tion, Louisiana, .Queen of served on the table twice a day: Ca ne is sprouting and the the South , has been misunderstood, unappreciated, overlooked assurance of plenty of good cane syrup for the hotca kes next i1} the sear~h for homes. just now her resources are begining to have its effect. Louisia na, the satisfied, is beginning to fall is a pleasing prospect. The South is expected to feed itself this yea r, a nd the colony is ma king prepa ra tions to do its awake into Louisia na , the aggressive, ready and anxious to pa rt in this progra m. No cotton is to be pla nted. The o rig- prove her superiority as a home place, and to display her many 1 inal intention was to put out a good acreage to cotton, but it luxurious cha rms. Louisiana invites. She also provides! was decided to concentrate on food production this season. Impressions of the Colony By A I Northerner CAME, I saw, a nd- I was convinced' I was convinced by what I saw with my own eyes and hea rd with my own ears, and otherwise learned through the undeniable testimony of my several sen ses. I was already satisfi ed that co-opera tion , either "in small communities or on a larger scale, is thoroughiy pr~c\icabl e . But to believe this is one thin g. To see the principle actually in successful opera tion is quite anothe r. And now, ha ving seen, heard a nd felt, all the sophistry in the· world cannot shake the stability of my conviction. I found in the Llano del Rio Co-ope rative Colony at Sta bles, Louisia'na, a well-systema tized, sanely-managed community of people of all sorts, classes, ages, and conditions who a re really proving that a co-opera tive colony is a more desirable place in which to live, tha n is the ordina ry town or city in which John Smith and Bill · Brown are both scra mbling for the same dollar, and in which, if Smith gets the doll a r, Brown is likely to go hungry. There was no long-haired. fanati cism, no endless oratory by perpetual speech-makers, no outlandish outbursts by unbalanced theorists-nothin g of the kind. There was, however, the evidence everywhe re of serious, earnest purpose on the part of every man and woman in the colony. All were plainly devoted to the ideal of socia lism. All we re doin g their share to translate that ideal into a tangible thing. All were workin g industriously, quietly, unostentatiously, but with a joy and an enthusiasm that are quite different from the weary resignation of the wage slave who toils for another's profit. Kickers may kick, knockers my knock, slanderers spurred on by plutocratic pay may SRill their venom, but all the kicking and knocking and . ~ in the world won't ma ke the slightest impression on the ma n who has visited the colony and found for himself .that it is a genuine success. Pe rsonal observation affords the only kind of information that is worth a tinker's whistle. That is the-icind of information that I determined to get. And having gotten it, my mind is abou t as firmly settled on this point as it is on the spheroid shape of the earth or a ny other fact which no sensible person presumes to dispute. The colony IS a success. Six months from now it will be a still bigger success. A yea r from now it will be developed to a point which is diffic ult to imagine. But, waiving consideration of the future, THE COLONY IS A SUCCESS RIGHT NOW AND IS RIGHT NOW AN IDEAL PLACE IN WHICH TO LOCATE. The clima te is as nea r perfect as this old planet a ffords, if my travels have ta ught me a nything. The air is uniformly balmy and fragra nt. Gentle bree;t,es from ea rly spring until lat·e a utumn stir the leaves of the trees, but never chill those who live in this ·delightful region of etern al summer. In the mid-winte r, so inhaoita nt s tell me, occasional frost and a few sna ppy mo rnin gs are the nearest a pproach of bitter blasts of the f rozcn a nd snowy north . The colo:1y is located o n a n ave rage a ltiiude of 300 feet a bove sea lcvei. The place seems one of the healthiest I e ver slopped in. It is as free from pests, plagues and insects as the most highly recommended town in the north. Nature's endless youth seemed to ha ve left its impress on all living there, fo r I did not see il sic kly or feeble person in the colony. lf the fo untain which El Dorado vainly sought, is a material reality, it must be hidden somewhere in the verdant luxury of Llnno ~hrubbcry o r shrouded by some of the clusterin g vines a nd sta tely trees th at give beauty a nd majesty to the place. For the colonists are uniformly healthy, active and well preserved. On the magnificent tract of 20,000 ac.res which the colony occupies in part, are a lready a machine shop, printshop, hotel, store, school, a nd public hall, cottages, and numerous other . buildings either pa rtly or ..wholly completed: A bakery is being constructed of brick, one o f the buildings is. soon to be made into a hospital , a nd a n office building is already in use. Free medicnl attenda nce, free dances, free musical and elocutionary entertainments a nd free instruction in languages, a nd other subjects a re orovided member$ of the �Page twelve The ery member is guaranteed employment, and furnished free a cottage in which to live, unless he prefers to live at the hotel where meals are served for 12Yz cents each. The warmth of the climate, the excellent health conditions, and the remarkable productivity of the soil on which huge crops of vegetables, fruits ·and peanuts are being raised this season, impressed me particularly. Here one can live-not exist, but LIVE the free, joyous, normal life Nature intendedwithout fear of lockouts, strikes, rent bills, and all the other calamities of thecapitalistic system. All a man needs to do . is to join the colony and to work at his chosen or' ;illotted wor~ eight hours a day in a delightful climate under health-giving conditions and with the friendliest, most neighborly lot of fellow-workers I ever saw. Persons so doing, are assured a livelihood amid the most congenial surroundings that right-minded, human people can desire. · The exemplification of the princi!Jie of brotherhood, however, impressed me more than anything else. Climate conditions and physical characteristics of different places naturally vary. But human nature is about the same the world over." So if co-operation can succeed in Louisiana, it can succeed in Klondike or Siberia or anywhere else, for that matter. THEREIN LIES THE IMPORTANT FACT CONCERNING THE LLANO COLONY. It proves that Socialism and cooperation, instead of being golden dreams of an impossible ideal, are facts of evolution that are slowly-slowly, because of human ignorance and selfishness-transforming industrial and political conditions all about us. This transformation is already in process. It is paving the way for the Great Change, here, there and everywhere. In most places its effects, so far, are scarcely noticeable. But in the Llano colony at Stables, the transformation is a present, living fact that has changed the lives of several hundred men, women and children, is influencing thousands of others in all parts of the world, . and will, if I mistake not, provide the foundation on which the Super-Civilization of Co-operation and Brotherhood will securely rest. I visited Llano Colony. I am satisfied . And I am going there to live as soon as I can make arrangements for moving. In going, I am actuated, naturally, by several motives, among which are the disires to live in so beautiful a land, under summer skies and near to Nature's heart; to have the comforts of life without engaging in ceaseless strife and selfish struggle for them; and to lind freedom and fellowship with kindred souls who ask· no more for themselves than they are willing to grant all the rest of mankind. But greater even than these incentives is the hope that in joining this band of pioneers in the cause of ·universal Liberty, I ~m helping make the community which shall prove to be the mother colony of the millions of similar co!OJ1ies that will some day cover the earth. Not only will my family and I have food and shelter and clothing and protection and the opportunity to work for the joy of working instead of for greedy gain, but we shall be privileged to do a perhaps important part in building for that Better Day whose Glorious Dawn is even now brightening the tired, toiling millions of a work-worn world. That is why I am going to Llano Colony. Could I have better reason? --()---'-- - The United States of America is on the verge of revolution- political social and industriaL- Linn A. E. Gale, "Gale's Magazine." - Milk suitable for domestic purposes should not exceed I ,000,000 Lac· teria per c. c.- D. Houston, "Better Business," Ireland. - The ~real difficulty in the ordinary 'family is that we have too many of food for one meal, and that there is neither the time nor the prepare so many things in the best manner.-Maria Farloa, "Cen· lntern~tionalist Are We Consistent? Sailendra Nath Chose, a Hindu revolutionist, . has been arrested in the United States for organizing an army of Hindus to rebel against British rule in India. It is said that Chose violated a provision of the Espoinage act by representing himself as a diplomatic commissioner of the India Nationalist party. Notwithstanding the alleged illegality of Chose's procedure, it ·cannot be gainsaid that his propaganda is one that should be heartily approved by every true revolutionist. Nowhere has there been such a well-organized attempt to hold in servile subjection millions of people in order .to fill the coffers of the ruling classes. The sickening stench of corrupt British rule in India is one of the foulest blots on the pages of history. If the United States is not hypocritical in its advocacy of world democracy, it will cease punishing such men as Chose, and even lend them moral and financial :assistance in effecting their plans of emancipating the submerged workers of India. -A.S. . How Not To Abolish Prostitution Oklahoma City is driving out its prostitutes. Every rooming house and hotel in the city is being purged of women of the underworld. Virtue is to be preserved by additions to the police force. This is another illustration of the absurd direct actionist methods of our psuedo-reformers. They strike savagely at the outward manifestations of the evil, but are oblivious to the basic causes. They fail to see that for every prostitute they suppress, the capitalist system of poverty and exploitation is creating another. Even if these gentlemen could kill every prostitute that now lives, a few years hence there would be the same army of unfortunates. And have these lickers of the outside of the platter realized that when they drive the women out of their cities, they are not solving the problem to the slightest extent, but are merely passing an additional burden to neighboring cities? Remake the social system under which we live. Make poverty impossible. Guarantee every girl a good education. With this done, the problem of the prostitute will rapidly disappear.- A. S. Liars Do Figure The "Kansas City Star," on its editorial page, quotes with approval the sentiment contained in Genesis ix, 6, "Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God made He man." We believe that we have heard of a well-known character going under the name of J esus Christ, who made the remark that "if thy neighbor smite thee upon one cheek, turn to him the other." And, "if a man take they cloak, give him thy coat also." Again, "if a man compel thee to go with .him' a mile, go with him twain." It seems to us that our kept press will have to re-write the New Testament if it wishes to prove· Christ to have been an exponent of war and militarism.-A. S. ---o--The greatest labor crisis in our history will be upon us at the termination of the war.- " Better Business," Ireland. - The Bolshevik is may be insane, but they are incapable of the nausea tin~: treason to liberty and fraternity which lies at the door of the American government- William Thurston Brown, "Modern School Magazine... �• The Internationalist Page thirteen Modern Religious Movements: No. 3 The ·Spirit Teaching of India By Swami Pa-r amana n d a I F God is the common origin of all living beings, what takes whatever form we desir~. But under whatever form we causes the differences we see among nations and races and worship Him, we shall all reach the same God. · "All men are creeds? Does God create them? No. He is never struggling along paths that ultimately lead to Me," the Lord partial; He does not bestow more on one than another. He declares in the J3hagavad-Gita. ~ According to Vedanta, the attainment of union with God loves all His children equally. It is we ourselves who create them. As a worldly father offers various gifts to his children is th'e aim of human life. Forgetfulness of our true nature and lets each child choose according to his inclination, so or Godhead is the source of all misery. Yet we can never be the Supreme Father lays the whole world before us-both the robbed of this Divine birthright. No amount of wrong-doing world of thought and the world of physical attractions-and can destroy it. Our misdeeds may bli.n.d o"'r inner sight and we, His children, are allowed to choose whatever we want. make. us suffer, but we are sure at last to realize our Divinity But we must naturally reap the result of our choice. It is this and be freed from all bondage. If, however, we all possess difference in the choice of gifts from God which distinguishes the same germ of Divinity within us, what is the cause of all the Orient from the Occident. From time immemorial the the inequality we see? Why is one born happy and another East has chosen the spiritual life, while the West has always miserable, one intelligent and another dull? The · difference striven for material power. As a result of her choice the lies in the degree of manifestation or unfoldment of the same East has always exercised a strong religious influence on the Divine power, which makes one great in wisdom and enables world. This is especially true of India, who gave to China him to go through the varying conditions of life with courage and Japan their dominan( form of religion; and through the and serenity; while another, whose mind is veiled, constantly Essene even layed her hand on Christianity. It will be re- makes mistakes and suffers. God does not send happiness to membered that John the Baptist was an Essene, and more and one soul, and grief to another arbitrarily. The Hindus do more are scholars coming to recognize that the Order of the not blame an invisible Providence for all the suffering in the Essenes sprang up through the influence of Buddhist monks, world; but they explain it through the natural law of cause who were sent out over the known world in the Third century and effect. If a man is born fortunate or wretched, there must be some B. C. by the great Indian Emperor Asoka. But although India has been "the cradle of the human race reason for it ; if therefore we cannot find the cause for it in and the native land of the highest philosophy," to use the this life, it must have occurred in some previous existence, words of the eminent French writer, Victor Cousin, yet she since no effect is possible without a cause. Whatever good has never claimed a monopoly ofT ruth. On the contrary, she comes to us we must· have earned, and whatever evil there is has insistently declared that "Truth is one, though men call must be the result of our own past mistakes. But as our it by various names" (Rig-Veda). It is self-existent and not present has been shaped by our past; 1 so our future will be limited by or dependent on country, nation or individual molded by our present; and if we direct our P'resent enerauthority. Neither can it be the exclusive property of any gies with whole-hearted earnestness towards counteracting the one people or period. If it was true even in the most remote results of past actions, we can make our future better and past, it must be equally true today and through the ages to . brighter. This is the Law of Karma, whatever we sow we must reap. An apple tree cannot be produced from a mango come. The root religion of India is known as Vedanta, coming seed, nor a mango tree from an appleseed. If a person from the Sanskrit words "Veda" (wisdom) and "anta" (end) spends his life in evil thinking and wrong-doing, then it is and means "supreme wisdom." It is not based on any per- useless for him to look for happiness; similarly, a man who sonality, but on the fundamental principles of life; therefore thinks and acts wisely cannot help but reap happiness, which it is the common property of the whole human race. It repre- none can take away from him. The nature of sin or wrongsents no special book or set of doctrines, but explains the living is to make the veil which separates us from God thicker; eternal facts of Nature. As the source of · all things it rec- the nature of right-living is to make the veil thinner and ognizes one Supreme Being, one Law, one Essence, called by thinner. The theory of evolution is entirely based on the Law of the Sages . "Existence-Absolute, Knowledge-Absolute, BlissAbsolute." Out of that One has· come the whole man.ifested Karma and leads by a logical necessity to the theory of Reuniverse. He dwells in the heart of every being as conscious- incarnation. Vedanta recognizes that the idea of evolution ness; from the minutest atom to the highest mortal, He is is not complete, if confined only to material phenomena. It present everywhere. Without Him there cannot be anything. must also extend through the higher realms of man's spiritual He is or.e without a second; there cannot be more than one consciousness. It is necessary for every living being to conInfinite, since infinity means boundless, secondless. Such is tinue to evolve until the germ of perfection latent in him the Vedic conception of 'God; and the realization of this God had reached its full expression; and this requires many lives is the ultimate goal of its teaching. and many forms of experience. The Soul of man, however, Although One, this Supreme Being appears before us in is not subject to change. It is birthless, deathless, and immany forms. An ln'finite Being must ·have infinite paths lead- mortal. "The Soul is not born, neither does it die," the ing to Him. Hence He is sometimes personal and sometimes Bhagavad-Gita tells us. The body decays but not the dweller impersonal. Those who seek Him as impersonal realize Him in the body. Death is nothing but going from one house to as the Higher Self or Soul in all beings; but to those who· another. Karma has no power over the real Self man; it cannot follow so abstract an Ideal, He appears as a Personal binds only the apparent man. Immortality again inevitably God, a God of infinite love, infinite beauty, the source of all pre-supposes pre-existence, since eternity cannot extend in one blessed qualities. With these He establishes the personal re- direction only. It is evident that that which has no end can lationship of loving Mother, loving Father or Friend; He (Continued on Page 36) of- �, Page fourteen The Internationalist Do You Need An Adjustment? 8y Ro b e r t O . . ., NE day a · stiff-necked, erect and very thin man walked into my Chiropractic office and in a voice indicative of a month's debauch, wheezed out: "Are you the bone· cracking doctor?" . Looking him over a few moments for . visible signs of pros· perity and satisfyi ng myself that it was asthma and not . whiskey that was talking, I replied in the affirmative. Leading him into my adjustment room, I bade him sit down and tell me his interesting story. He interrupted himself about every ten words with a lung· scraping cough that sounded like sand-paper being rubbed over a rusty hoop. After he had exhausted himself and gasped frantically fo r a ir for a minute or two, he sat up and looked sympat hetically at me, and whispered, between gasps, that he would pay good money if I could cure him. Sympathy and cupidity struggled within me for a n instant but sympa thy won. I assured him that he had an agg ravated case of bronchitis and that I could cure him a lmost at once. He was cheered and left the office breathing quite freely and promised to return next day for a first treatment. This was durin g my early chiropractic days. I was cocksure and pitied all doctors not of my radical type and took every occasion to belittle the old-line doctors, and especially despised the osteopaths who at this time were swinging some· what over to the chiropractic and stealing some of the movements held sacred by the newe r school. The new chiropractor is a queer bird. With little experience a nd lots of theory, he's about as intolera nt as a new convert to socialism. He reads with disdain records of cures by the knife, derides Christian Science, hypnotism and drug medication as mere bunk, a nd ma kes himself about as deJ sirable and tolerable as a Holly Roller in a convention of Methodist divines. Whenever he hears of a friend taking medicine he boils, and bids him throw away the cursed stuff and to ta ke an adjustment and get well. If the friend refuses to follow the advice and continues to gurgle down medicines,· he becomes ..suspicious of him and almost hopes that he will get hold of the wrong bottle. · In the early days chiropractic would cure anything, Kiphosis, lordosis and scoliosis- that is, humpback, inward curve and lateral curvature of the spine-are perfectly easy to correct. All one needs to do is to adjust above or below the a ffected vertebra and within a few days the backbone will be as of old. · The young chiropractor doesn't see the need of people going about with deformed bodies. He watches ill-shapen, half-useless people struggling along and wonders if general intelligence , and. especially knowledge of chiropractic, will ever obtain. Pityingly he passes the days. But experience comes, a more dubious turn of mind settles down, and when he finally finds that many of these deformities do not yield, he grows more patient, less intolerant and becomes philo.-..) sophical. But to return to our patieot. In the meantime I ·learned that he was a chrooic ; had ankylosis of the spine-that is growing together of the joints-'-Was asthmatic, had indigestion, suffered from vertigo, regurgitation of the heart, pyloric weakness, stiff-neck, enjoyed enteroptosis and wore false eth. e had been ill thirty years, had been a patient of every ) K. W illi a m s doctor in the city, all of whom pronounced him incurable, yet-I guaranteed to cure him. He had not tried chiropractic. Wheri he stretched out on the table he was a funny-looking thing. In addition to the troubles mentioned, he had a pigeon ·breast, one hip was higher than the other, he had .been operated on for appendicitis, both tonsils had been fe· moved and turbinates sawed out, and his eyes were not mates. I lifted him up easily and gently fiixed his pigeon breast on the softest part of a sawdust pillow and proceeded to ·pick out the most likely spot to affect an immediate cure. As all the bones were wrong, some grown together, and all making a fine zig-zag paling fence, it was hard to select . the proper one. . I picked one I thought least likely to kill him, gave a downward thrust and succeeded in making him groan and cough. He coughed considerably and 'grew too weak to .resist, so I thought it would be a capital idea to break up the stiffness in his neck at this time. I twisted his neck but it was as rigid as a chair leg. I was able to produce intense pain. Before he could defend himself I tried the other side, with worse results. The pain, if anything was added to. He almost rolled off the adjusting table. He grabbed his neck as a fellow grabs his jaw, when he is suffering from the toothache. He sat up and wheezed heavily. I then tried the vibrator and the gentle massage soothed him and he left feeling well. He kept coming back, gaining confidence each time till I finally tried adjustments again. I only succeeded in making him swear. However, he had faith. After a month of trying to loosen his bones, I came to the conclusion that I wasn't experienced enough and sought my friend across the hall. This chiro. had a hand as big as a ham, and great, bony fingers capable of lifting vertebras out by the roots. For a week I prevailed on my patient to let my friend adjust his neck. Finally he consented after my repeated asgurance that it wouldn't hurt. Telling the doctor with the capable hands how stiff my patient's neck was, he grinned and said: " Bring him on. I've never seen a neck that I couldn't adjust." Leading my patient over as if to slaughter, he trustingly laid his head in my friend's big palm and closed his eyes. l placed my knee against his body and closed · my eyes also. Dr. K's larger and more powerful right hand was firmly placed on the jaw, which practically covered the patient's face. He gave the peculiar twist and a shudder went through me. A grating of dry bones was heard, accompanied by moans of anguish, and before my suffering client could kic!C himself off the table, Dr. K. gave the other side a twist thoroughly removing all ankylosis. My patient rolled to the floor despite my efforts and groan· ed and writhed in torment. When the pain subsided he got up and, strange to say, he could freely move his neck. He wouldn't speak to me for a week. But, up to the time he died, a few weeks a fterward from s.trAngulati.o n, he could move his neck. Chiropractic is a wonderful thing. A lady was directed to me. She had been suffering from Angina Pectoris for fifteen years. She had been to Europe and had consulted eminent neurologists in America as well. She had spent $16,000 in quest of surcease from pain. In ten seconds I had the fourth dorsal adjusted and she hasn't had a heart pain since. She �· The Internationalist still owes me $2. After adjustments, I induced sixty school teachers to lay aside glasses. I've always thought they didn't need them . . A chiropractor is a handy thing to have around the house. A friend of mine, who hardly knows anything, learned to adjust. He visited a town for the purpose of starting a lodge. The man he wanted to see was crippled with lumbago. He couldn't stand. He realized unless this man got well he would have to walk back home. So, taking his information in his hands, he adjusted his client, using two chairs as "- table. Immediately the man arose, and among other things said, "I am well." My friend made over $80 in commissions that . · night. The spine is the central axis of the skeleton. It is co~­ posed of 26 superimposed bones, called vertebra, meaning "capable of turning." It encloses and protects the spinal cord in the bony canal, which is provided with a series of thirty intervertebral foramina on each side for the exit of the spina:J n~rves. The average length, from Atlas to tip of Coccyx is 28 inches in man and 27 inches in woman. About one-quarter of its length is made up of intervertebral discs. There are two primary and two secondary curves in the spine; which adds greatly to the elasticity and strength of the column and thus breaks shocks and increases resistance to injury. about the California colony. In the light of the above facts. Of the 26 vertebra, 24 ~·• c movable and are divided from above downward as folio\\ <' 7 cervical; 12 thoracic; 5 lumbar. The two immovable bones are the sacrum and coccyx which are cemented together. In early life the sacrum' is c~m­ posed of five vertebra and the coccyx four. As life advances these nine vertebra fuse and form the sacrum and coccyx. The spinal cord rises from the brain. From between each vertebra a pair of sensory and motor nerves are sent to the various organs and tissues of the body. It is with correct alignment of the spine that the chiropractor has to do. If from any cause the spinal bones move out of alignment a pressure upon the emerging nerves' will follow. fhe organ to which that particular nerve runs will suf{er. Adjustment of the bones to a normal pasition, the chiropractor claims, will eliminate pain and diesease. The growing favor of chiropractic and the increasing number of practitioners would seem to indicate a basis in fact for the newest of the healing branches. · Chiropractic was discovered and developed, it is claimed, by D. D. Palmer of Davenport, Iowa, along about the year 1896. There has been some controversy over the point of discovery. Missionary reports from the Sandwich Islands tell of a peculiar religious custom, as they thought, when they observed a naked native prostrate himself upon two mounds of sand, one under his chest, the other upon which his thighs rested, and a native walk up and down his spine with his bare feet. This would show that exercise of the spinal muscles and movements of the vertebra were early resorted to. At any rate, Dr. Palmer gave to the world one of the first books dealing with the subject. He discoVered the fact that disp1aced vertebra cause disease quite by accident. He was formerly a magnetic healer and in this capacity treated a janitor who ·Was very deaf. One day, the story goes, he noticed · the third dorsal vertebra was .considerably higher than the other bones of this man's spine. He thought there might be some connection between this displacement and the janitor's deafness. He prevailed upon his patient to allow him to attempt to put it back even with the rest. The patient feared that he might be killed in the process, but being reassured, Dr. Palmer thrust it back and instantly the man's -hearing returned. This. remarkable occurrence started a chain of reasoning \ J \ Pqe &fteen and he deducted that if a certain dislocated vertebra caused deafness why was it not a logical consequence to have stomach, liver, bowel, heart troubles, and even paralysis from the same cause? He began the study of the spinal nerves and learned their ramifications. He experimented on many subjects and got marvelous results. He performed remarkable cures and then postulated that 95 per cent of all diseases came from what .is known as sub-luxated vertebras, that is, a lesion less than a· luxation, and the other 5 percent was due to traumatism or accident. Of course, this was and is today, disputed, but the fact remains . that many marvelous cures are accompanied by skillful adjustments, Toothache, earache, neuritis, rheumatism, indigestion, bowel and liver trouble, frequently disappear, as if by magic, · · under proper adjustment. Many forms of paralysis, such as hemiphlegia, paraphlegia, paralysis agitans, choryea and tortocollis have yielded to chiropractic ministrations, it is said. One of the theories advanced by some thinkers along chiropractic lines is that health is dependent upon temperature. The nerves having motor, senz:>ry and trophic attributes, a pressure, causing a disturbance of these functions would cause one of two things to happen-a super-normal or subnormal temperature. If above normal, a fever ensues; if below normal, one of the various forms of paralysis, each manifesting itself differently in proportion to the amount of pressure. In other words, there are but two diseases, fevers and paralysis. Fevers then, according to this theory, can be reduced quickly by adjustment of one or two vertebra definitely known to control the heat supply and that paralysis may be cured by adjusting at the point of lesion. Chiropractic diagnosis and symptomatology differ widely from the orthodox schools. The method of diagnosis differs and the symptoms are the result of certain defined and mathematical points of sub-luxations. There has been stubborn opposition to the growth of chiropractic on the part of the older established schools, which had the laws stringently made to exclude ·practically all practice of any new healing cult. Chiropractors have been jailed and persecuted in nearly every state. On the whole, through a well-knit organization of defense, headed by an able lawyer, Sol Long, members of the national association fare less severely and in many instances are -discharged, than in the earlier days of the budding craft. Formerly a few weeks was sufficient for the well-informed on anatomy to qualify for chiropractic service, but today the big schools require a three to four years course of study. Many states now license chiropractors the same as allopaths, homeopaths, and the osteopaths. A persevering light is being made for medical freedom and the test of time will determine whether chiropractic will continue to live and flourish or decline and die. From a health point of view more should be known 'of chiropractic. Knowledge of the human body is essential and when once the nervous organism is better understood by the laymen fewer aches and pains will be suffered by a fearful and ignorant people, and the less overworked and underpaid doctors would be called upon to render doubtful services. Chiro should be known by members of the family, not alone because of a fear-removing power, but for the ability to remove small pains and the necessity of knowing how to live correctly. Horse doctors should know something of spinal adjustments. Perhaps if veterinaries became proficient, they would displace all other kinds of doctors. They go at things in the right way. When they are called to minister to (Continued · on Page 34) J �' Page sixteen - The Internationalist The Value of Sabotage By T C. E. HE acts of workers who are employed for wages, and which go by the general name of "_Sabotage," have tw_o aspects, The aspect that presents Itself to ·employers IS one of destruction of property and violation of contracts, while the other aspect presents itself to the workers as so fundamentally necessary that it is accepted and pracficed by them without question. . It is not to be expected that an employer can see an act of sabotage in any other light than as an act of pure viciousness. · To interfere in any way with the profit an employer hoped. to make out of a venture can not be considered kindly by that employer. And so long as the net returns to be derived from an enterprise are the only considerations, this view is correct. But there is another consideration than that of net returns. There are the workers themselves. If the wage workers are to be at all considered by any standard permissible in civilization, sabotage takes on an entirely different aspect. It then becomes a means to an end, and that end is the physical and mental preservation of the worker. · If (an unsu rmountable "if" ) all employers were absolutely just, there would be no need for sabotage. In that event there would be no employers, and all workers would exchange their products on an equal basis according to the necessary labor time involved in their production. But some employers are not absolutely just. Some a re so manifestly unfair that it is necessary for those who work for them to use some form of self-protection. It is this self-protection , in whatever form, that is known by the general name of sabotage. Many times the sabotage is so crude that it results in the wanton destruction of property, while at other times it is unwisely used and but reacts on the one who practiced it. A shift boss in a mine may order a timber set in a careless manner because it will take too much time to set it properly, but though it is set in an unsafe manner it will result for a time in an additional. production of ore. For the miner to reduce the production of ore by taking the nece~sary time to set the timber properly is an act of sabotage, and one that is necessary for the physical wellbeing of the miner by avoiding broken bones. In one respect, the fonnation of a labor 4nion and making it function on the job, at the point of production, is an act of sabotage. Any act that is consciously done by the workers for their own self-protection, but contrary to the wishes of the employer•. is an act of sabotage. Many unions have taken the eight hour work day when their employers wished them to work ten or twelve hours per day, and the mere taking of this two hours or more for themselves was an act of sabotage. It interfered with the wishes and profits of the employer, but was a necessity for the physical and mental well-being of the workers. Whether the time was taken from the work day desired by the employer with or without his knowledge is immaterial; the mere fact that the workers take it against the will of the employer is an act of sabotage, because it interferes with the profits of the employer. So long as there are employer . and employee, wage labor and capitalistic production, the employers will in the very nature of things demand a constantly accelerating production per man for the purpose of increasing profits. ~t t~e sa'!'.e time, the workers will- resist this tendency of cap1tahsm WI~ every me.ans at their command, and so long as they {ire g1ven wages mstead of the ownership of the pro' / ' Payne ~uct, they will go to the other .extreme of reducing production as far as they can and still retain their jobs. Having no material .interest in the product, the question of right or wrong w1ll appeal to them only in the abstract, and not in concrete form as it would if the workers owned the product · itself. • Having no material interest in the things produced und~r the capitalistic system, but only rn themselves and the wages they may receive, it naturally follows that the workers will use such means as are at their command to maintain their wages at the highest point and themselves in the best condition. It is a matter of self-preservation, and is too vital a matter to be left to the tender mercy of a profit-seeking employer. ?abota?~ is a fact in modern production for profit, and ph1losoph1zmg and law making will not abolish or alter it. The only workers who will not practice it are · those who are in such a "dim-eyed, narrow-chested state of being" that they are no longer able to protect themselves, and have even lost their desire to do so. Victor Hugo on the Mob "Foex urbis" Cicero exclaimed; mob, Burke adds indignantly; a crowd, a multitude, a population, these words are quickly uttered; but no matter ! What do I care that they go barefoot? They cannot read; all the worse. Will you abandon them on that account? Will you convert their distress into a curse? Cannot light penetrate these masses? Let us revert to that cry of light and insist upon it. Light, light! Who knows whether this opaqueness may not become transparent? for are not revolutions themselves transfigurations? Come, philosophers,- teach, enlighten, illumine, think aloud, speak loudly, run joyfully into the sunshine, fraternize with the public places, ann~nce the glad tidings, spread pamphlets around, proclaim the right, sing the Marseillaise, sow enthusiasm, and pluck green branches from the oaks! Make a whirlwind of the idea! This crowd may be sublimated, so let us learn how to make use of that vast conflagration of principles and vinuc, which crackles and bursts into flame at certain hours.· These bare feet, these naked a rms, these rags, this ignorance, this abjectness, this darkness may be employed for the conquest of the ideal. Look through · the people and you will perceive the truth; the vile sand which you trample underfoot, when cast into the furnace and melted, will become splendid crystal, ~nd, by its aid, Galileo and Newton discover planets. Attacked by Pygmies Scott Nearing has been indicted on tlie charge of violating certain provisions of the Espoinage act, and is now under bail. The specific charge is that of distributing a pamphlet written by Nearing er.titled "The Great Madness," in which he advances the theory that the United States was shoved into the war by Big Business. Irrespective of whether this particular theory of Nearing's is right or wrong, we wish to say that Nearing is ten times · as big a man as any of his persecutors, and when his cowardly detractors have been forgotten, he will long be remembered -A. S. as one of the great emancipators of the race. �The ln t e i nationalis t The World Federation After the War BJ Wa I t e r T Ia o m a s M i II s T HE World War must·result in some one of three things, a world federation, a world conquest, or universal chaos and disorder. A world federation would make the world safe for democracy· and provide a democracy that would be safe for the world. A world conquest would deprive the world of · a ll safeguards, and make all lands subject to the unhindered .mastery of the war lords. Universal chaos · and disorder would mean the collapse of civilization and long centuries of slow and painful work in the rebuilding of a ruined world. What are the chances for a world federation, and a real world-wide democracy? .This question is three-fold. What changes must take place as a result of the war (I) within' the nations (2) between the nations if a democratic federation is to result, and (3) what is the war likely to accomplish in these particulars ? The grea t collective interests among men are found in their educational activities, in the land, the labor, the credits, the transportation, the manufacturers, and the markets, which" are of such a nature that they must be collectively carried on and hence ought to be collectively managed in behalf of the common good. The manner of the organization and management of thes~ great socia~ interests in ~ny_ co~nt~y, determ.in~s ·the democratic or despotic nature of 1ts mslltullon_;;) , This IS true because the powers which prevail in the conth)l of these great social services always prevail in the control of the political machinery. It is absurd to suppose that the people in any country who tamely submit to the despotic organization and control of these great social activities at home, would ever contend with any great degree of sincerity or efficiency for democracy in . international relations. of these considerations, what are the things which INareviewessential to the creation and support of a real democracy within any country? (I) The schools must be made free from the control of great pr.ivate interests. As long as these inte·:ests control the · great instruments of social service in industr:1 and commerce; they will contrel the schools, and use them to provide effective servants in their own undertakings, and to defend the wrongs of their own monopolies, and this means the end of sincerity in instruction and freedom in investigation. The liberation of the schools from the dictation of the great private interests will come unsought when all great private monopolies, with private interests directly· opposed to the common.. good, shall have been converted into democratic rather than despotic forms of organization and management. (2) Land values are the creation of society. Land values are created year by year by those who make the lands, location and natura l resources more or less available for the use of men. A all create these values, all should share in their benefits. This can be accomplished only by a tax for socia1 purposes on these unimproved land values, and at the same time exempting from social claims in the form of taxes of any sort. all stock, tools, improvements, personal property-in fact, all values created by any individual. T his ' ~uld make an end of land monopoly, and an end of the despotic relations beh ;een the landlord and the tenant at once and for all time. (3 Labor bas everyvw-bere ceased to be simply a matter of i Aulhor of -Democracy and Despotism.~ private concern. Every government on earth j fixing the hours and remuneration of workers in some· one or more of the great industries. In all countries receiverships take po • session of "unemployed - estates"-that is, bankrupt entetprises, in order so to administer these propertie as to avoid the "wasting of estates." "Every" day ·it is made dearer that the unemployment of labor also involves the "wasting of e tates"--and of life more precious than the estates. If the state can attach and hold property. in defiance both of the owner and of hi's creditors in order to "protect estates," it can attach and provide job~ for the protection · both of estates and of life more precious than the estates. The organization of industry for the express purpose of employing all labor on just terms, and without interference with the conviction, associations, or personal affairs of the workers, is essential .to the common good. This can never be accomplished under private monopoly contr~l of the great social services. Public enterprise in the place of every unavoidable private monopoly is ' the only way of escape. (4) Credit is the essential in the .exchange of goods, in the enlargement and improvement in the machinery of production as is land itself. . Credit is nothing other than a responsible system of accounting under which producers can expend their products in advance of returns to be obtained from the final delivery of some sort of goods or s·ervices. It is necessary, in order to complete the processes of production and exchange. The creation of wealth is the foundation of all credits. The "delivery of the goods" is the only method by which credits can be finally cancelled and "satisfied." All credits that are honest and justifiable are based on goods ready to deliver, on goods in process of production, or on an enlargement of the means of production, and hence on more goods to be produced. The credit of a country or a community is the creation of all those who create wealth or render service of any sort in return for which others will surrender any share of their income. · All useful people together create the credit of the world. All gamblers, speculators, and swindlers, destroy, absorb, or render hazardous this credit created by the useful workers. As long as credit can be withneld from thos~ who have goods or are ready to produce goods·, or can be withheld from one and extended to -another on easier terms, or can be used as an instrument of extortion or oppression, so long the private masters of the public credit will hold in their hands the weal or woe of all useful people, and they will do that in the behalf of those who are themselves worse than useless. Credits withheld from - gamblers ·a nd extended to all others at the cost of the service rendered, is of fundamental importance to real democracy. (5) Transporta tion is as fundamental to the existence of the state as is the circulation of the p)ood to the existence of the man. Whoever is able to control the tram portation of goods is able to control the ·nation. · All countries except the United States have adopted the public ownenhip of the railroads. This country, one of the gr~te&t laggards among all the countries. in the democratic managemeitt of its peat social services, stands alone in this respect among all the na-tions of the earth. Under a real democracy the whole traJIJportaJjon tervic:e I �Page eighteen. Tlie Internationalist including telephones, telegraphs, express packages,..goods and passengers, by truck, railway or steamship line,-all the way from producer to consumer, must be freed from private management in the interest of private graft, and provided at cost and on equal terms to all. (6) There are a few great manufacturing undertakipgs like steel, o.il, sugar, and the like, which are as complete monopolies in their nature as any of the others. These, too; must be publicly owned and administered in the behalf of all if real democracy is to escape the cornipti.on and extortion of private interests: (7) The same may be said of the markets. There is no place where wasteful methods on the one hand a~d monopoly extortion on the other, places a heavier burden on real in: dustry and honest trade, than in the privately owned and monopolized markets. Here, again, public enterprise in the place of private monopoly has been found the world over to be the only . relief from extortion, and the only pathway to democracy. These changes must be wrought within the various nations before the world can have the national material out of which to construct an international democracy. these relations between the nations and so hastening the coming of a world federation, democratic in its character and built by negotiation· and not by conquest? It is probably true that no great war in history has been accompanied by a more marked -series of surprises and disappointments on the part of the nations most directly involved · in it, than has. been true of this war. All of the expectations and all of the military programs at first planned by all of the European nations, hav.e met with disappointment and defeat. . Now this is historically· true: Military undertakings, just because of the nature of warfare, must necessarily be despotic in · organization and in direction. Victo~ious · countries have always tended to become more despotic as the result of victories. Countries defeated in war almost always reconstruct their internal affairs with the result that the more democratic forces desplace the despotic powers discredited because defeated in a foreign war. ·For instance, in the last war bet~een Germany and France, victorious 'Germany became more despotic, while defeated F ranee repudiated her monan,:hy and advanced to a republic. · In all of the European countries now at war, there have beeen frequent reorganizations of cabinets, a11d further reII organizations seem near at hand, and so far. in every shiftHESE changes taken for granted, what will still remain ing of the authorities, the more democratic forces have everyas necessary changes between the nations if the world where been given a stronger position within the several coundemocracy is to prevail? . tries. (I) International boundary lines must be made secure, It is impossible to co-nceive of a final settlement of the world not by fortifications, or vast armies, organized and controlled war except upon the basis of "no annexations and no inby the separate nations interested in extending boundaries, or demnities." If this shall actually occur, both the central in controlling territories, either by force or by intrigue, bepowers and the allies, will face defeat of their determination yonci their own boundary lines. to make anew the map of the world. Instead of this, international boundary lines must be made The battle fronts of all Europe have been drawn along the secure by the joint action, not of any league of any ~hare iron mines of F ranee and the forests, oil fields, grain fields, of the nations, but by the joint action of all the nations, this action to be supported by an international army and navy manganese mines, and other natural resources of other counable to make good its protection as against all other interests Jries, clamored for by the industrial masters within one country and demanded by them at the expense of the industrial whatsoever. • (2) International trade relations including the freedom of masters of the other countries. Each day that passes adds the seas, of all waterways connecting the seas, as the Kiel, the to the determination of the warring parties and makes better Suez and the Panama, must be made answerable only to an, the chances that neither party in the end will be ~hie to make good its purpose to profit through international plunder. . international authority composed of all nations. If the war terminates by conquest, international plunder and . (3) The old diplomacy must be abolished. Bargains bea world despotism cannot help but follow. If it terminates in tween any of the nations as affecting any . other nations, · whether secret or open, must be made impossible. A United any other w&Y it will be to the advantage of democracy beStates of the World must succeed the quarreling nations. and tween the nations because it will enormously advance the tariffs, special treaties, or any advantages or concessions from power of democratic forces within the nations, and this must any one country in behalf of any other, must be made as im- make for a world feder~tion on a democratic basis. Once this federation is seriously ~nderta-ke'n, its work will possible as our national constitution has made them imposbe effective in reconstructing international relations on a · sible between our several states. ( 4) Every one of these international necessities, if inter- . democratic basis, just in the proportion that democratic forces national democracy is to prevail, requires the creation of a shall be able to make an end of industrial and commercial world government; or a world federation, or a league of na- despotism within their own countries. World conquest as the result of the war would mean intions or whatever one may choose to call it, just so it is demternational plunder between the nations, and monopoly robocratic in its character, and is composed of representatives bery within the nations on a larger scale than the world has who are themselves made directly responsible to the public ever known. will within the nations which ~hey represent. World peace without conquest, h1.1t effected by negotiation (5) Any settlement of this war which does not involve these provisions or a substantial advance towards them, ' will as the result of the final collapse of the military programs result only in a temporary postponement of the work of inter- within the nations, would make an end of further wars, benational slaughter, until at last the world shall learn that woe cause the only way world peace by negotiation could be efonly can await international alliances, nations, states or cities fected would be on the basis of some kind of an international ag reement creating some kind of an international authority "founded in _bloocl." which hereafter would protect alike all international boun- · III daries and provide for international trade between all states fiNALLY, what effect will the war have on hastening the and direct access to all natural resources on a basis of c~~ditions within the nations essential to the creation of {Continued o~ Page 35) t J ~· T llllik. ~! ·, �The I lernatioaali:5t How Can We Make The World Safe.For Democracy? By Dr . .A. E. Br i ggs T HERE is no more commendib)e ambition than to " make . the woJid safe for democracy." With democracy -comes all the liberties for which our forefathers were supposed to have fought. . _ What is the object of democracy and what the object of • tyranny? The ultimate object of d~:mocracy is that the workers shall · enjoy the product of their toiL The object of a tyranny is that those who do not toil may enjoy the product of the toil of others. A free press and free speech are essentials of democracy. Without these a democracy is unthin kable. The only object of denying or abridging these rights is to more firmly · estab~ !ish a plutocracy that one class shall work and that another class may shirk. . The only good in the world is to establish a brotherhood;. "to make the world safe for democracy." The only good is to destroy every tyranny that democracy may arise in its stead. The only good in the world is to break the fetters riveted upon us by political and industrial slave-masters and return to the people a free and unincumbered earth, including the air and sunshine. To deny these liberties is to make the world safe for plutocracy. The only object of any government, except ·a democracy, is to appropriate to shirkers the wealth created by workers. There is no democracy without industrial democracy. Political democracy is but half of democracy. There is no dem- · ocracy, but Socialism. There can be no real freedom in the world without industrial democracy which assures to the workers their social product. Every other form of government is a system of slavery. The purpose of every other form of government is to plunder those who toil. Calf it what you may. Call it chattel slavery; call it serfdom; call it feudalism ; or call it wage slavery. Every other form is to appropriate the product of labor without producing it. Every other .form is to promote parasitism. !'To make the world safe for democracy" we must first give the people a vision. We must make them appreciate justice, freedom, and make them despise autocracy, tyranny, plutocracy. In . old Russia, whe~ the monster denied free peech and a free press 'it aroused a burning passion for these rights and in the conflict the monster went down. To drive liberty underground is to make it a passion and to make it grow. It engenders a contempt for such a government and a desire for a decent world. These two passions make Russia today, the most promising land of the earth. Will America, in the face of history, follow the crooked path of old Russia? If she does, then a new America will arise to greet the ne~ Russia and the " world will be safe for democracy." ' With the workers sent to the dungeon or to the gallows on paid testimony and human beings burned at the stake while a supine and bankrupt government is pleading its helplessness, people purified in the burning caldron of autocracy are not likel to ~ ~rship. ith free speech and a free press a people may slowly, ery slo ~y. be educated in economic justice. With men dtawn and quartered at the behest of the men who own, with constitution decreed to be ..but a scrap of paper,"' with - I ..courts of justice.. that are hut uch in name. mth e ery man's life oi job in jeopanly at the will of the men who own, will liberty come from a park~ TyraDJ\Y combined \\~th an empty stomach (and it i ne er over-full) i a com· \ bination that will sooner. or later educate the people. and I make them know that they need not compromise with tyrants, but vote for and construct a decent system. Some ardent patriot may take offense at my reflection on the system under which we live, a system that hegins by making every individual and every nation under it indu trial enemies of every other, and ends in wholesale murder. uch a system is certainly not a practica~ system , for society is not organized with the purpose to destroy itg~tf. There are hut two systems, individualism and collectivism, under which so· ciety can exist or a combi1iation of these two. Evolution has slowly· carried us toward collectivism until .the wa~ gave it great impetus and today we are face to face with state socialism . The whole worid is. · The brilliant John Spargo, ex-socialist, alllicted with that most infectious malady, psendoblepsia, is widely quoted in the kept press to the effect that Great Briatain, France .and the United States are not alllicted · with militarism, but art;. fighting for a real democracy. If they are, let them say so. If they will say so, without any strings on their words, every socialist in the land, and in ' . all lands, wiH join In the last great fight. To the wars of the world, socialists are conscientious ob· jectors, that is, they object to fight over and over the old fight for "victory," for territory, for indemnities, and for the trade supremacy; but they would all join in the last fight for the brotherhood that has for ages been the visio.n of philos?phers and is, today, beco~in g the vision ofA hose who to1l. The workers see that · to make · the wori'a safe for autocracy or for plutocracy" the world must repeatedly become a slaughter pen. This is no sleeping vision of the workers but a real ocular vision with no illusions. Then, what shall we do to rnake the world safe for dem• ocracy? First, when we declare for a democracy, let ua sprinkle over the earth a little democracy, ~nd then fight for a democracy. Then conscription will not be needed, because every man with red blood will be on hand to fight the last fight for a real 1civilization. . . The socialists of the world deplore the fact that this world tragedy is necessary to permit us to break the shackles of capitalism. In season and out, we preached the brotherhood of man, and, in scorn , those who hurled back at us the term "idealist." Our President bas now accepted the socialist solution of the problem of universal peace and has proclaimed it to the world. The socialists of the world stand with him and with the Russian and German socialists against a separate peace, for the death of kaiseristn, not only in Germany, but in America as well. Let our allies get together, emphasize President Wilton•• words, and no doubt we shall have the socialists of Gennany with us in the last great fight. What the German sociali.ets want is what our President wants and what I want. If President Wilson puts over the peace propam of the socialists, compelling not only the Centtal Powers, but our allies to accept it, it will ma}te him the sreaten man in the the world's history up to this time. \ \ �The Page twenty lnternat ion aliu What Is the Outlook For A United States of the \Vorld? ~0 years ago the outlook for a realization of the Social ~evolution was dark and despa_iring. In M":rch. 1917, it broke upon the world in Russia. The defimte 1dea of working class emancipation that had been ·germinating in the womb of society for nearly seventy years at last burst forth into actuality-with the groping insecurity of new birth. In the labor pains of a world-wide cataclysm, the first proletarian government was born-THE FOUNDATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF THE WORLD WAS LAID. Despite the gloom and uncertainty which temporarily hover above the great people's movement of Russia, the Revolution cannot be crushed-cannot- be checked. The idea of Socialism could not be killed in nearly three-quarters of a century of oppression, persecution and terrorism by the despots of Europe in their ascendency; much less can the vitalized fact of a rising proletarian power be broken by the frenzied defenders of a dying system. The long suffering masses of Russia have tasted the elixir of freedom. They have experienced an awakening, and can never again be forced back into the bursting chains of bondage. But more than this, the Revolution they started will grow. It IS growing. It spreads throughout Europe-and, more slowly, throughout the world. The desperate arrogance of decadent masters cannot conceal the threatening, inevitable upheaval that impends. The spark will soon be furnished to loose the general uprising. Then will commence the great emancipation-the socializing of society, the democratizing of industry, the humanizing of man. The ultimate United States of the World will be the work of tomorrow, as it was the dream of yesterday. The beginning has been made. The job is big. But remember what two short years have brought, and who will dare deny the workers of their rightful heritage? -WILLIAM ]. FIELDING. 1 changes that are yet to come, there is running a S,Ocial con· sciousness that, unperceived, is developing, not S,O much an organization, as a social organism. That is the finality. It will be union, without the state. It will embrace the world without conquering or compelling it. It is one with the dream of the carpenter of Gallilee-a kingdom of Heaven, recog· nized, just as we now have and recognize the kingdom of vegetation, of animal, and of mineral; only, this will embrace all, with place for each. The United States of the World thinks only of man. -LINCOLN PHIFER, Editor · "New World." T HE outlook for a United States of the World depends much upon how far such a state ' is going to be democratic; that is, how far the peoples of the earth of all races and colors are to have representation and voice. At present most advocates of a world state are thinking only of white nations or possibly they are willing to admit a colored nation like Japan or even China, because they fear their power; but there has been almost no suggestion that the thousands of millions of India, of Africa, and the islands of the sea have any voice· or vote. If an attempt should be made to make simply a white World State this state would economically and politically prey upon the black world. The result would be the same jealousy and ownership and exploitation that have done so much to make the present wa~:.. Eventually, such jealousy would disrupt the State. On the other hand, if all nations and races were admitted and if strenuous effort was made to prevent exploitation within the state of the weak and backward we could easily look forward to a Federation of the World. -W. E. B. DU BOIS. I T would have been a hardy optimist who would have pre· dicted in 1913 that the United States of the World could be organized successfully in the twentieth century. It -DO not oppose the creation of the United States of the would be a hardened pessimist who would claim that no one World. Because this seems to be in evolutionary order, as now living would witness its realization. Such is the new a means of defence against a breaking up, it may come. faith born of the world war. But what I say is, that it will not work. The reason this will If the world does not seem very safe yet for democracy fail, the reason all other efforts of a mass nature have failed it is getting daily more unsafe for aristocrats, autocrats, is that dependence is placed on organization rather than or- junkers and plutocrats. The war should not be allowed to ganism. Organisms function; organizations administer. The end until a tentative federal organization of the world is efone is natural, the other artificial. Because the one is natural, fected. The war will be the greatest crime in history if the it operates smoothly. Because the other is artificial, it is a unparalleled bloodshed does not wash away every barrier matter of force, of compulsion. Its inevitable end is -failure. ,that keeps not only individual nations but individual people At the e11d of every great historical cycle-and we are now from complete self-realization. at that point in history-the existing form of government That does not justify a Lansdowne peace or a hand-meseeks to strengthen itself by doubling up. Therefore, there down peace from Germany. It does not mean an Irish Recomes a period of conquest: the world empire is involved. public or a Finnish Republic. These are reactionary proThe dream of the United States of the World is one with the posals as belated as the secession of South Carolina from Roman empire of a former world, and one with the idea of the United States of America. Self-realization 'does not mean German dominance and Anglo-Saxon dominance now. Even that Germany may retain a military organization to terrorwhen the world empire comes, it suddenly disappears, much ize the world or Britain a Suez Canal, or Turkey a Dardan· as Alexander's and Napoleon's empires went to pieces in other elles, or America a Panama Canal, to throttle the world. days. The fact is, the closing of a historical age is a period Nothing can be counted necessary 'for self-realization which of involution rather than of evolution, juft as it is at the end hinders the life of others. Federalism guarantees home rule, of the annual year, when leaves fall. e are, therefore, to which is local self-government within the larger organization. have a "rolling together like a scroll"; and "they shall be The International Postal Union is the most perfect world changed." federalism; it only needs to be extended to all foreign com• Yet through all the change that is how in progress and merce, leaving to each group the local government it chooses. I , �I The J I n I e r.n a I i o ria I is I Page twenty-one That is the way the postal service of the world i~ organized Devil can quote Karl Marx for his · own purposes. What I today. It is not imposing government from the outside to have reference to is the success of. the Kaiser in betraying demand the abolition of autocracy in Germany or freedom of. the Russian Revolution by the use of our best proletarian ·forthe se~s. or the federai, democratic organization of Central mulas. If the same plan succeeds. to any extent in America, Europe. There is no longer an outside and inside; the world the Socialists of this country will not play as large a part in at peace was one in markets; the world at war is one in the International settlement as I should like to see them play. bloodshed; it will be one in government as soon as radicals -UPTON SINCLAIR. get the world vision. . * * * The Russians do not speak- of the Russian revolution, says Lincoln Steffens, but of The Revolution. · Yet they sold out DARDON a preacher for intruding upon so "brief an arguthe Ukrainians ,the Esthonians, the Letts and the Finns. The ment as thi·s, a story. But it is a preacher's story, and world does not need revolutionists now; it needs organizers; . . needs not .to be told at length, so many know it. . the revolution is already oi-i. An inconclusive peace is ·- a The boy was digging furiously in the fence corner for the counter-revolution. The United States of the World is at' wood-chuck. "Think you'll get it?" asked an observing neighhand. Shall we be quitters or federalists? bor, a cynical negative in his tone. But the boy without -CHARLES ZUEBLIN. stopping to so much as look up replied conClusively, "Got to! Preacher's comin' to dinner, and we haint got nothin' to * * * LL the Socialist factions, especially the verbal revolu- eat!" The U~ited States of America came to pas~. not as the tionists, are aiding nationalism against internationalism - from the British Laborites to the Russian Bolsheviki, dream of idealists, but as a matter of plain necessity. Our and German minority. On the other hand, President Wilson stupid school histories still tell us almost nothing of the seven is moving in the direction of internationalism, though he has · years f~llowing the Revolutionary· War. It is so much easier to exploit the heroics of that war . . But John . Fiske in his not got very far yet. The future of internationalism is, therefore, bright. The memorable monograph, "The Critical Period in American future of the traitors to internationalism is, I hope and be- History," has shown that it was not our "successful" war lieve, dark-though they still have a vast power for evil, with Great Britain that made us a nation, but it was the which may become greater before some stupendous historic economic demoralization of the years that followed the war; · and the fact that there· was no other way out. overturn-a genuine revolution-has swallowed them up. There isn't any other way out of the mess of modern cap-WILLIAM ENGLISH WALLING. italism than the way of some sort of world federation. We * * * may blunder around for years before we find that way, OME kind of world organization seems to me inevitable without even a United States of Europe. We may get two after this war. The only question is, shall it be a cap- or thre·e great "confederated" groups, instead of one federaitalist organization or a Socialist? And I should say ted family. And we may get a United States of the World a great part of this depends upon the amount of political which will be so far political rather than industrial as to judgment which the Socialists display in the present crisis. prove a dubious benefit to the working masses of mankind. The word " practical" is one which has been poisoned But we're bound -to get federation on a world scale or the through the misuse of capitalist politicians. Nevertheless it is devil himself, who has already come to dinner and seems innecessary to be practical just now, for we are confronted by clined to prolong his stay, will eat every nation out of house a desperate emergency, and we cannot change the facts by and home. continual repetition of words, however blessed. And eyentually, let us hope after no very long delay, we It is an old saying that the Devil can quote Scripture for shall have something more than "United States;" we shall his own purposes . . It is only quite recently that the horrible have a real co-operation of the workers of the world. possibility has dawned upon the Socialist movement that the -ROBERT WHITAKER. Y A S The De :1dly Parallel "Those who oppose me, I ·will crush." speech at Bra'ndenburg, I 890). (The Kaiser, in "Habeas Corpus be damned! We'll give them post mortems instead!" (Adjutant General Sherman Bell of the Colorado Militia, defying the orders of the civil courts.) "My grandfather, by his own right, set the Prussian crown upon his head, once more distinctly emphazing the fact that it was accorded him by the WILL OF GOD ALONE, and that he thus ·looked upon himself as the chosen instrument" of Heaven and, as such, performed his duties as regent and sovereign." (The Kaiser, in speech at Koenigsburg, August 25. 1919). "The rights and interests of the laboring man will be protected and cared for, NOT BY LABOR AGITATORS, BUT BY THE CHRISTIAN MIEN TO WHOM GOD, IN HIS INFINITE WIS DOM, HAS GIVEN CONTROL OF THE PROPERTY INTERESTS OF THE COUNTRY." (George M. Baer, mine-owner, during the_caol strike of 1912.) · "All written constitutions are scraps of paper." (Frederick William IV in speech from throne, April I I , I 84 7). "TO HELL WITH THE CONSTITUTION!" Major McClelland of Colorado Militia, in coal strike of 1904.) "It is said that there are leaders of the working classes in our empire who would trample on the privileges of those who were' appointed by God on high to govern people. Such men are Germany's worst enemies."-Bernhardi. "Men who object to what they style 'government by injunction' are in hearty sympathy with their remote skin-clad ancestors. They are not in sympathy with men of good minds arid civic morality."-Theodore Roosevelt, �Page twenty-two . ·---- .T The Internationalist National Non-Resistance? A Reply To Jessie Wallace Hughan, Ph. D. J ESSIE WALLACE HUGHAN'S article entitled "National writings; in the statements of a thousand reliable witnesses ~on-Resistance," which was published in the December- who KNOW. The waste, the suffering, the grief, the horror of war are reJanuary · "Western Comrade," ended with this conten- tion: "Can a nation afford to be non-resistant? If we face pulsive to the normal human being; and yet, so far as we can the facts coolly, studying each possible disaster without panic see, · the greatest strides in civilization have come through the· adherence of peoples to their conceptions of right, resistance and without sentimentality, the answer is YES!" Miss Hughan does not face the facts. The non-resistance to· wrong and oppression-war, the result of upholding in unity of Christ achieved crucifixion: Nero's lions ate Christians fgr ·their conception· of pustice. The average pacifist proclaims to the world his absolute breakfast; millions of non-resistant Armenians ·have been · murdered, ravished, starved, beaten, plundered and impris- trust in the justice and humanity of the Prussian war lords oned by the Turks during years past down to the present · after three years of treason to Christ and humanity, but has when they operate under German officers; Holland and Swit- no belief in the honesty and ordinary decency of a member of zerland, if non-resistant, would be German states today, Congress or any officer of the government of the United States. forced at the point of· the bayonet to fight for Prussianism. The Russ·ian Bolshevik who leaves the front and goes home There are ten thousand examples in the world's history of the and shoots the owner of the land he lives on, is a good pacifist, while the French socialist who defends his country falsity of her conclusion. There <>.re many times, to be sure, when resistance has against ·the Hun is .a traitor to the cause of Democracy, beproved to be martyrdom, more expensive tha n non-resistance, cause he is supporting Militarism. Pacifiism is individualism-anarchy: Personally, I like the but those instances only establish the necessity of EFFECTIVE resistance rather than ill-advised and futile resistance. All of idea of pacifism, but it is indefensible until the world is made which serves to emphasize the horrible possibilities of the op- over. The man who defends it invariably contradicts himself . pression of the mighty over the weak, the dominating over the and exposes his lack of reason. Nothing better illustrates the inconsistency of this view than oppressed of human kind. It is with a delicious ingenuousness the essayist denies the Socialist contention that railroad labor is contained in the editorial column of this same number of is underpaid and capitalism is exploiting the rest of the earth: the "Western Comrade." Job Harriman first advocates and "Our laborers are habituated to the highest of wages--our rail- predicts a great civil war of the classes in Europe, and conroads complaining of minus net incomes." Again: "Our nat- cludes that the pacifists may be right. Thus, according to this ural resources have long been in the hands of private ex- gentleman, the "pacifism" in which the laborer takes up arms ploiters." And the naive conclusion of this, her only pretense against capitalism is perfectly justifiable, while the pacifism at argument, is the following: "THE POSSESSION OF OUR in which the laborer takes up ctrms to defend his country is unCOUNTRY BY ANOTHER WOULD BE LITTLE MORE justifiable! That sqrt of pacifism savors too strongly of anVALUABLE THAN THE POSSESSION OF A BANKBOOK archy to convince me that it can be right; its logic is of the calibre of the Hun "Kultur." BY AN AFRICAN HEAD HUNTER!" Pacifism a nd its attendant isms are mere scholastic halluWith the examples of Prussian Kultur and "Schrecklikhei:t'' cination . American citizenship does not d.esire to be a doorbefore your eyes, in Belgium, France, Italy, Serbia and Roumania, with the threats of Prussian leaders to make America mat for either the Prussian or the slant-eyed celestial, and it pay ,for the whole war of cor.quest of the .rest of the world, can will not consent to do so, whether it be ideal or no. ,.. -ALFRED A. SESSIONS. one not conceive how Prussianism is prepared to profit from possession of America? They levied a contribution of $I 00,000,000 upon a little city of Belgium, threatening destruction '"'Miss Hughan's Rebuttal and wholesale slaughter of inhabitants if not obeyed. They could levy .and they would levy, ten billions of dollars against HE answer by Alfred A. Sessions to my article "Can a New York City, and a hundred billions against this country. Nation Afford to Be Non-Resistant?" demands a reply, What would prevent? Why could they not take over the coal even from the pen of "childish innocence." If Mr. mines, the iron mines, the farms, the ·cities-as they do in Bel- Sessions had planned his topics a little more carefully, my gium and France today, massacre indiscriminately the women reply a lso might have boasted greater coherence. As it is, and the babies and the men who' refuse to labor. for a pittance however, I will make a feeble attempt to follow his excursions, or who refuse to obey their laws? Where is the consistency in however fa r from the issue they may lead. claiming possession of property to be of no advantage, and in First, for example, my opponent .dodges the case altogether the same breath proclaiming the crimes of capitalism and the by introducing the instances of Christ and his follo;wers. These advantage to it of the ownership of property? noble martyrs were not "nations" at all, least of all "modern At the beginning of this world war, we who held some of industrial nations," and accordingly have nothing to do with the old-fashioned ideals of' innate decency and justice and the purely economic a rgumel)ts of my article. Aside from the honor, -asked ourselves that question, "Why does Prussianism irrelevancy, however, the examples are indeed unfortunate for want to rule-what can it gain?" And we found the answer in the advocate of violence. Physical death was, of course, acthe conquered countries. We have found the answer in the cepted by these fighters for truth, as it is by the soldier. The baby impaled on a German bayonet because the mother hesi- question is, which cause won the victo.ry? After two thousand tated a minute about bringing out all the food in the house at years is Christianity or the Roman Empire the survivor? As to the next example, Armenia, what "childish innocent" the demand of a Hun. The answer is found in the murder of a ~elgian mayor for lack of funds; in the wholesale murder of has told you that this nation is non-resistant? Ask any Ar. the Lusitania incident . . We find the answer in the government menian, and he will tell you with martial fervor that the chief reason the Turks have persecuted them is because of fear, lest ~xposur~~ of Prussian purposes in this war; in Gerard's T ·l �The Internationalist r.:>.- Page twenty-three -- the ~ubject· race may fight for the enemies of their masters. paper is growing long. Progress comes through struggle. Yes, The newly formed Armenian army hunishes an interesting · but struggle is not synonymous with war. The achievements commentary on this fear. · of the labor unions, of British parliamentary government, of . No other uamples of non-resistance are furnished by Mr. · socialism, of Christianity, of science, of exploration, have all Sessions, but their place is taken by an interesting "might have come through struggle, but where war has occurred ,it has as ' been.' often impeded as helped. Was F ranee advanced by the Nap"Holland and Switzerland, if non-resistant . . . would oleonic wars, England by the Boer war, America by the Spanhave been forced at ' the point of the bayonet to fight for ish-American, or Germany by the Franco-Prussian? We radPrussianism.'-' Unproved Mr. Sessions, and by the way, gen-. icals believe that in all these cases freedom received serious uine non-resistants cannot be forced to fight for anyone, as is checks, fom which it may take generations to recover. witnessed by the 4000 Englishmen jailed .as conscientious obFinally. let us joyfully express our complete agreement upon jectors. an important point. Mr. Sessions has my heariy assent to his There are ten thousand other examples, my opponent goes statement that the pacifism which refuses to bear arms against the kaist!r but will engage in civil war to fight ·capitalism till on to say, but fails to mention the ·o ther 9,997. On the next point, we thoroughly agree: 'The necessity "of death savors too strongly of anarchy and of the Hun. Though effective resistance rather than ill-advised . and futile resis- I realize that in this position I am expressing only myself and tance," If one is going in for militarism, he might as well do not the stand of the socialist party, I am such a genuine pacit thoroughly, and not renoutke the ideals of brotherhood ifist that I refuse to take · part in violence for any cause, and for nothing. Germany may be brutal, but is at least con- believe that wherever the working class has departed from the sistent. I take the libery, however, of preferring the resistance · method of peaceful political and industrial struggle it has reof intelligent beings rather than of brutes, that of free Russia tarded the day of emancipation. Pacifism is not a simple subject and can no more be disto that of Belgium. It is unfortunate that the "answerer" is not more familiar missed -with phrases than can socialism. Both are phases of with general economics. If so, he would realize that labor in revolution, and our first duty is to disabuse our minds of sentithe United States may be miserably underpaid while yet re- mentality and face the facts. ceiving the highest of wages as compared with the rest of the -JESSIE WALLACE HUGHAN: Ph. D. world, and that the high cost of living which forces these wages upon the capitalist renders it far more profitable for him to invest his accumulations in undeveloped lands. The fact that "capitalism is exploiting the rest of the earth," moreover, does HE CONGRESS of the United States is on the eve of pasnot at all prevent the existence of various degrees of profit in sing one of the most infa~ous laws that ev~r "befou~ed exploitation, If Mr. Sessions doubts that railroads are "coma ·statute book. In all the history of the Amencan nallon plaining" of minus profits it is probably because that esteemed there never has been a .more dastardly hypocritical or a more. • sheet, the "New York Times" may not circulate on the Pacific stupidly dangerous act than the one now pending, making it Coast. Possibly the circumstances that the aforesaid railroads a felony punishable by twenty years' imprisonment and a fine are just now consenting to government control may enable him of $10,000 to "by word or act support or favor the cause of to see that the palmy days of exploitation by ra.ilroads in the the German empire or its allies in the present war, or by word United States, as compared with other forms of exploitation, or act oppose the .cause of the United States therein." are drawing to a close. This law, if passed, will .be one of the handiest tools ever The discussion of fines and indemnities by my opponent devised for the subjection of labor. . suggests regret that he has not given more study to the theories And this is what we predict will happen: of Norman Angell upon this subject. In 'The Great Illusion" A periodical which justly and fairly criticizes a government and in the multitude of controversial articles growing from it, official will be suppressed on the ground that it is hampering Mr. Angell has substantiated, so weil that it is needless for me the freedom of ·,vork in arranging war preparations. to xepeat it, his co~tention that a levy of money and property A speaker wii; be imprisoned· twenty years for pointing out upon a conquered nation has but slight probability of either · the fact that a .certain gang of profiteers has been assisted in harming the paying country or benefitin"g the one which re- its plunder by a certain gang of Washington politicians. ceives. The stock example of this argument is, of course, the And there will be a hundred more ·cases something similar. Franco-Pnissian indemnity, which left France after ten years The · founders of the American government contemptuously industrially l~.etter off than Germany. repudiated the theory of the divine right .of kings; but a few With regard to the whole matter of property, it is necessary asit]ine congressmen seem never to have heard of it. They to call attenti.on once more to two consederations: · first, that make it a felony for one man to criticize the actions of another the modern nation, e. g., Germany after the Franco-Prussian -no matter whether those actions may be highly detrimental war in Alsace, and Great Britain after the Boer·war, is not in to the social welfare, or even to the successful prosecution of the habit of destroying the titles to private property, no matter the war. to what extent the process of war has temporarily nullified And worse than that-such a law makes it a crime for an them; second, that what the modern predatory nation desires employer to kick against . a misdemeanor of his employee-'" is· not property, for property in itself is now possessed to a For that is exactly the relation that exists between members surfeit, but concessions in undeveloped countries in order that of Congress and the American people. \ its property may be put to profitable use. The stupidity of such a law is superseded only by its gross Does Mr. Sessions really believe that the answer to the ques- insolence. The ·nauseating nerve of its sponsors is enough to tion, "Why does Prussianism want to rule?" is found in the suffuse every liberty-loving American citizen with righteous additional facilities for murder so furnished? In a world or- indignation. ganized for profits does a nation deliberately sacrifice millions It is high time that a microscopic portion of the salve of of its wealth for the privilege of impaling babies? Where is democracy that we are endeavoring to rub into the wounds of · your hard common sense, may I ask? the world be applied to a .few of Q\!f own f~otering social · I must. touch quickly upon the remaining arguments. This sores.-A. S. T I Libe_rty Raped �·-/ Page twenty-four· • The lnteraationaliat What Esperanto Means to the. World · . I By Creston .Clark Coigne . T frequently happens that a story can ·be told. better by beginning in the middle and working outwards, than by following the custom of starting off with a sketch of the hero's childhood and youth. And when a subject as bro~d _li.S a movement of world-wide extent is to be confined to a- brief article, the smallest attempt to int.roduce it conventionally might easily use up all the ·available . space and leave the reader wondering what ·was coming next.. · So let us pause a moment in whatever we are dojng ·and · run our eyes over the pages of history- to .see if percpa:nce they contain any suggestions that we might utilize to the advantage of our ma ny attempts to solve the eternal question of how the people of all nations may be brought to understand that the progress and happiness of one race depends more a nd mote upon the p"rogress and happiness of all races; . For almost innumerable have been the deductions drawn by thinking men from the difficult lessons of mankind's incompletely recorded experiences; and there is no doubt that some of the schemes and pla ns that ha ve thus been evolved for w'orldb<" -~rment will ultima tely be of great benefit to our race. if we ·eliminate from our present consideration most of the ,,,uicate problems connected with economics or religion, we shall find it greatly to our profit to digress somewhat from 'the ord.inary pa ths of research and cpmpare the size, number and character of the wars that have been fought betwee n people speaking the same language a nd the wars that ha ve been waged between people of dissimiliar tongues. This much may be learned from the comparison: that while it is undeniably true that civil wars and revolutions have from time to time carried desolation into many lands, yet when their aggregate is co~trasted to the international strife that has intermittently continued from thousands of years before the Christian era to the present day, it seems in spite of its actual vastness to dwindle into insignificance. And it is not until we thoroughly appreciate the tremendous and far-~eaching. mean.ing of this fact that we begin to realize how true was the utterance of De T ocqueville when, nearly three-quarters of a century ago, he said that "the tie of language is perhaps the strongest and most durable that can unite mankind." The q uestion of a common language is by no means a new one. During the last two hnudred years it has commanded . the attention .of many of the best minds in Europe, from Leibnitz to · Herbert Spencer, a nd some of the projects to which it has given rise would indeed constitute an interesting study for the psychologist. But of all the plans for an international language that have occupied the thoughts of the "dreamers and doers" of recerit generations there is only one that has survived the acid test of time and claims the sole right to the serious consideration of all men. and women-it is the invention of Dr. Zametihof and is known to the world as Esperanto . . As a la nguage, Esperanto came in.to being under the most favorabl e auspices-its creator was an adept in at least a score of languages and was fairly conversant with o dozen more. And Dr. Zamenhof was the first man who understood that the more closely a system of speech correspond; to the recognized means of expressing thought, the more readily it may be acquired by the largest number of people. We may \ ' call it artificial if we please; but it has been so carefully and __,,. nicely adjusted that its use in writing or speaking conveys not · the slightest impression of mechanism: it flows softly on, as · scholars have said, sounding very much like Spanish or Italian. $Oft and rich-simpla, fleksebla, vere internacia! And ·yet {\ science has not given way ~o beauty, for rigorously logical is the grammar and vocabulary of the international lanvuage, and therein lies its chief virtue-its simplicity. At least seventy-five J'>.e rcent of its root words are already known to most European languages,_ and the few .Comprehensive rules of grammar that· are without any exceptions, make its st1,1dy a ·genuine pleasure for most people. · This does not mean, of course, that the study of Esperanto is so easy as scarcely to . require an effort (the mastery of anything as co~plex as a human language necessarily takes time and patience), but ·it is no exaggeration to say that a good knowledge of Esperanto may be obtained by any normal person in less time than it would be possible to gain an insight into the fundamentals of national language. That is one reason why Esperanto is alive and_ ·g rowing today and. why it was e~abled to survive even the world cataclysm. The other reason is that the "interna ldeo"~the internal id!'!a- of the movement is constructive. World amity as opposed to world enmity; a deeper and more perfect understanding between the various races that i's. not based on any incoherent pacifist protest that · war is "wrqng" (as though any sane person doubted it!) but rather upon the firm conviction that the highest interests of the hum~n race are its collective concerns; a conviction that can only come from the intimate, personal knowledge of its truth, gained by the association and co~operation of intelligent men and women the world over through the medium of a common, neutral language that all may learn in addition to their native tongue and that all may speak as equals, knowing that in doing so they are neither foisting their own . language and "kultur" upon other races. Nor are they placing themselves at a disadvantage by allowing the nationalists of another rae~. through its language, to obtain the moral, intellectual ·and commercial ·hegemony of the world- a condition that would certainly result from the widespread adoption of any of the great national languages. . In a word, the Esperantists state that a ·neutral, international language is the fundamental basis upon which the peoples of the world can equally and dire<;tly co-operate with one another: IT IS AN IMPORTANT FIRST STEP IN SE~ CURING A PERMANENT PEACE, FOUNDED· UPON THE SYMPATHETIC UNDERSTANDING THAT IS BORN OF THE ·KINSHIP -OF A COMMON SPEECH. They . do .not · claim ·t hat the gene.ral acceptance of the international lahguage will cure the ills of the world, for it is simply an instrument to be used by the far-sighted men and women ~f ·.all nations, and its services are freely at the disposal of all-So- · cialists, Single Taxers, Bahaists-everyone who recognizes in it a means of strengthening the bonds between nations. As has been said, it is an important first step, and without which the progress of humanity must continue along the narrow nationalistic trail in which it has been moving (and with such disastrous results!) consequently foregoing the benefits to be derived from that broader co-operation which transcends the limitations of nationality. and ma~es us indeed citizens of the world. With no misgivings the Esperantist looks at the ·future; for g,reat as are the problems that will arise with the restoration or peace, he knows that as time goes on the demand for an international language will constantly increase, and that the movement of which he is a part ·~lone can supply it. With an efficient world organization under the ·Unive'rsala Espe,ran(C..oW'"" •• p.,. 35) 1\ �The Page · twenty-five lnterna"tionalist Co-operation vs. Competition · By P Clinton Bancroft HILOSOPHERS and romancers from Plato to Bellamy ready passed the experimental stage. Numerous successful have devised ideal systems and ideal republics, which co-operative enterprises of large scope and capital have eduthey believed would bring the greatest happiness to the cated the people up to an understanding that it is both prachuman -race and inake of the earth a social and industrial ticable an·d desirable. Grange store~. profit-sharing establishparadise. But I am neither an ideal· philosopher nor an ideal ments, creamery companies, building and loan associations, romancist; only a practical, prosaic American, with no inten- colonies and labor exchanges-all these have contributed to tion of proposing an ideal system unJil we have an ideal "the educative process. that has established the practicability people to practise it. As long as human nature is the unre• and desirability of co-operation in the public mind. But a great objection to many co-operative associations is, generate compound that it is, there must necessarily .be evil · in the world. Under any industrial or commercial · system that they do not establish a distinct and understandable, but there must always be avarice, and greed, and selfishness, and not too radical minimum of co-operation required, and allow dishonesty, and fraud, all the human weaknesses under what- as much in excess of that as · the particular i;1dividuals conever guise appearing, and every industrial plan must take cerned think they are able to operat~. They f~equently' rethese incidents to humanity into consideration or fail. The quire only a pledge to the co-operative idea, leav ing to each weaknesses of humanity referred to are the "little rifts within individual to interpret for himself what that idea is and shall the lute" that must be mended or the music be discord. be. Now when it comes to establishing business enterprises These evils we will always have with us. I mention this, so on that basis it is very unsatisfactory. Most people want to that I may not be classed with the philosophic dreamers of know at once the most that will be demanded of them in the way of co-operati~n. And as th ere are many kinds and dethe land. · But there is a difference between following a system that grees of co-operation, an organization tha~ aspires to be nalegalizes and· encourages the vicious qualities of human na- tional in extent and influence can only reguire that degree to ture, and following one that condemns and places checks upon which the average of the progressive people have been eduthem. There is a difference between cropping the crest of cated. The essential factor of .success in co-operative industries is overshadowing injustice, and encouraging it to grow. There is a difference between extending a firm, strong grasp to the the good faith and persevering spirit of its members ~ Condespairing hand of the submerged unfortunate, and in open- fidence more than .all eslse is imperatively required. · This, so ing new floodgates upon his. And therein lies the difference far as it is personal, our old industrial system has nearly desbetween the industrial disease and the industrial remedy. The troyed. Today the normal attitude of men in business todisease that has fastened itself upon the industrial life of the wards each other is that of suspicion and distrust. The habit world is competition, and competition is war, and war results of requiring legal and substantial security has become a social in the defeat and slavery of some, and in the triumph and instinct of self defense that is 'almost functional. It is the masterhood of others . And this war is perpetual. It fills the greatest barrier to industrial co-operation with which the orstreets with unemployed, the asylums with paupers, and ganizer has to contend. Men will not believe that the~e are prisons with criminals . The struggle never ceases. The any considerable numbers of their fellow men who will not, doors of the Industrial Temple of Janus are never close,d. And . directly or indirectly, stoop to some form of exploitation. as in the age of force physical wars resulted in the mastering They require some substantial security against it. They have and ruling of the multitude by the few, so in this age of cun- been educated to this feelin g by gene rations of experience ning, our industrial, competitive war results in the triumph under a system that is especia lly designed to develop it. Genof the few and the subservience of the many. And in that erations of education will be necessary to . eliminate it to the . time, did the ·best men, the good men, become the masters? de gree necessary to insure the confidence required in the purer Do they now? Does it tend to develop the intellectual a-nd forms of co-operation. No business involving any considermoral best? If does not. It tends to develop those faculties able numbers of individuals can succeed for any length of that are required in the struggle-treachery, cunning, schem- time, if based alone on th e present confidence of men in each ing, selfishness, avarice, greel Each in this competitive war. other. Legal and material guara ntees of good faith can not dreads poverty, for poverty means defeat, captivity, slavery, be dispensed with under the present state of popular charand each, therefore, becomes grasping, grinding, over-reach- acter, conscience and habits. The gteater length of time deing. He excuses himself by pleading, "one has to live," signed for the continuance of such business, the greater the security req uired that the concern can and will do what it "business is business," or "if I do not, another wil l." Yes! the competitive system is indeed, a state of war. And it is was designed to do. This is a machine age; and from the standpoint of both because this is true that we have trusts, and combinations, and cabals, and monopoly. And under the competitive wage sys- law and economic industry, corporations are the most perfect co-operative machines that have eve~;. been constructed. The tem it is natural friends who are warring with each other; toiler with toiler; producer with producer. Is that the system greatest jurists of the age have been engaged in perfecting for an en lightened community to tolerate in its very midst? and simplifying them; and the best paid legal talent of the Competition means working agajnst each other, and no other times has been employed in constructing them-for capital. construction can be truthfully put upon it. That is the disBut capital, , with characteristic cunning, suppressed the ease. The cure is to work with each other, to co-operate, and word co-operation, and substituted the word corporation, that is the reinedy. The idea is not new, nor is it claimed thereby keeping the people for a long time in ignorance of the that any new fundamental industrial principle has been dis- fact that through its corporations it was practicing co-operacovered. But a somewhat more extensive, radical and scien- tion and · communism, even while all the time denouncing the tific application of the principles will .be proposed. The prin- · former as impracticable, and the latter an enemy to society. ciple itself is as old as Justice, for it is a part of justice. All the time that capital has been constructing and exclusiveCo-operation can not be called an experiment. It has al(Continued on Page 35) �Page twenty-six The The Rise of Internationalist Frank _Dunne By "Emanuel Haldeman-Julius I F the editor were to tell Frank Dunne to write a story Knight, appreciated him immensely. She was a poor girl about the moon being made of green cheese, he wouldn't and, I repeat, she worked in a big store-and that means she ask any silly questions--he'd do it. He would get facts worked at- starvation wages. I ·believe she got $6 a week. and statistics. ·interviews and pictures to prove that the moon . I'm sure it wasn't more. is made of green cheese. And here's the funny thing about · Dunne tol<l her many. pretty things; he told her he loved it all; he would helieve his own story. He believed ·ever}' ..her; yes, he even said she was "the best girl in th~ world.' \ fake he wrote; he believed every lie he told. Yes, Frank But, lie didn't say anything .ab6ut marriage, though, let it be Dunne was an iclea:l newspaperman. Temperamentally, he said in fairness, he thought of it. He really thought it would fit in with the order of things. ·be a splendid thing to have her as his wife. Yes, she would A newspaper's r;olicy was Frank Dunne's religion. The · be the ideal companion for life, he concluded. But, somehow, editorials were as gospel. He swore by their viewpoint- he felt that Laura Knight was a girl he could always get, so everything that the paper stood for was right, was just, was there need be no hurry about marriage. He was convinced , as it should be. If he had been told to cover the crucifixion that if he didn't marry her she would be a spinster for the he would have written a story of "a long-haired agitator pay- rest of her days-there are lots of men ~ho believe that. So, ing the penalty crf his criminal views"; he would have told · he concluded it would be best for him to wait-maybe a how "a certain jesus Christ had incited the people to riot," year, possibly two or three, but not longer. So he didn't say had said things "against the government," had criticized es- anything about marriage. Laura Knight ·loved him, but she tablished in stitutions and customs"; he would have given the was a retiring sort of girl who didn't know how to use her impression that j esus deserved His fate. wonderful charms. Not knowing how to inl!uence him, she When Dunne cove red a strike. the office was always sat- let him have his way about things, and as he didn't say anyisfied. There wa5 n't a man on "The Morning Times" who thing about marriage, she simply played a waiting game. Six months later, Dunne married; but he didn't marry could write a meaner story than this Frank Dunne. He could sneer ~. t a mass of starving strikers, accuse them of "squand- Laura Knight. He marry an inspired female, a parasite to ering their salaries on drink," charge them with all manner the core, but everybody. thought Dunne was a lucky fellow: of crime and violence-yes, he was a favorite in "The Times" Not every reporter has luck enough to marry a rich man's office. Even the Lig chief---one couldn't conceive of a more daughter. It happened this way: While at an affair, he was unpleasant person---always smiled at Frank Dunne and bade introduced to a young lady who was the daughter of the unhim the time of day. pleasant owner of 'The Morning Times.'' This o~ner-B,en; A rare specimen, his 135 pounds throbbed with energy, his nington Fraser-liked Dunhe, as I've already mentioned, and sharp eyes were ever on the watch for stuff the office wanted, when he learned that his . daughter and Dunne were friendly he smiled. When he learned, some weeks later, that his his ears heard everything; and if they didn't, his imagination would come to the rescue. daughter would like to become the wife of Dunne, he didn't object. This Frank Dunne was the star policy man;. whenever any''Of course," said Mr. Bennington Fraser, "that young felthing particularly dirty was wanted, the office could always low hasn't any money, but I tell you he has a future. He rely on Dunne, who would write the stuff-and, above all, knows what's what. He hasn't any mon~y. but he has the swear by it. He was extraordinarily able at stories that meant push and go that will bring him money. That young fellow systematic campaigns of publicity, for he could write on the is all right." same subject for \Veeks and weeks at a stretch, and never be And he blessed them. And they married. And Dunne at .a loss for something to say. A word would often give him forgot about Laura Knight. And Laura Knight cried a little enough material for two columns of matter . . If there were ·and sobbed a little more, and philosophically decided to make . some sort of a franchise the office was anxious to get for · the most of It all. Dunne became one of the most important men on "The some local kings of finance, Dunne would be set to work on the publicity. He had genius for making the wrong appear Morning Times"; he became dictator of the policy; he outright. lined campaigns; he ruled politics; h·e said .what shall beConsidering that he was a newspaperman, Dunne was fairly and usually he had his way. The-l>ig chief trusted Dunne's well paid. He said he was getting $40 a week. Of course, judgment. he lied, for I knew it for a fact that he was getting $35. lie The paper was a gold mine. Dunne was on the inside. So was always broke because he was always mingling with men Dunne became wealthy. He got mixed up in a number of of wealth and means and didn't fancy being considered one questionable deals but he wasn't afraid, for he held a mighty not of their class. He would just as soon pay for a ten-dollar club over the enemies-the club of publicity. He could drive dinner as not; he wouldn't hesitate to invite some wealthy any man out of the country, he once boasted. He got interested in a number of propositions; he investea friends to a champagne supper that would keep him in debt for weeks to come . Dunne loved the brothers of Have; he money in street railway stock ; he bought shares in a great worshipped them , and nothing pleased him better than to be manufacturing concern; he· even bought a quarter interest with them. He was always at some sort of an affair; and he in a great department store. always gave the impression that he belonged there. Dunne found that "The Morning Times" was of great help just before Dunne became the star policy man, he fell in in his business ventures, enabling him to get almost anything love with a girl who worked in a local department store. She he wanted. Of course. when it came to the law-making . was a pre.t ty-no. she was a beautiful girl, just passing nine- bodies. he was a terror, All feared him . But, some people WILL persist in being .reformers, Dunne_ teen. He took her to the theater a number of times, always treating her as best he knew how; and she, sweet Laura or no Dunne. And it came to pass that a number of reform- �/ The ~age tweniy-aev~ lnlernationaliat ers got together and formed an organization, with the purDunne fought like a tiger-he threatened, he bullied, he • pose of going into politics. An opposition paper decided to lied, he screamed, he moaned-he used dozens of cartoons. take up the cudgels far- this reform elenient, and as a result He did everything in his power to work up sentiment against circulation grew for the opposition paper. · the bill. He roared at the reformers, . accusing them of all This was a distressing state of affairs, though it didn't harm . sorts of crimes. He made life uncomfortable for them. The the finances of 'The Morning Times"; this paper could al- headline-s, day after day, week after .week; counted. Dunne ways depend on the big advertisers-what more could one brought up a number of side issues to cloud the real Issue. wish for? When campaign time came again, Dunne saw that "We sort of muddied the water," said Fraser. the reformers were getting too strong. They were actually . "Your'e doing fine," said Fraser, "keep it up!" threatening to capture political power; yes, . it appeared as And Dunne obeyed. "The trouble," said Dunne, JS that though they would capture the powers of government. we are on the defensive. Even though we are pouring the hot Dunne's paper fought tirelessly, Dunne himself writing many shot into . them, they are still on the offensive.'-' With a editorials. thump on the table, he added, "I want THEM to be on the The reform governor was elected, and then, Dunne realized de.fensive! Not me! " that many amazing things were about to happen. _The re- . Mr. Fraser liked the idea, but he didn't know just what to formers, in their platform, distinctly said that if elected they do. Dunne solved this iroblem. Attack them-simple would fight for the passage of a minimu.m wage bill. Dunne, enough. He made a number of sensational charges against interested in a department store, didn't fancy the idea of a the floor leaders and the Governor. He made serious charges minimum wage bill passing the legislature, so he fought it, the kind that make people talk, and, .it wasn't many days but somehow, his paper didn't carry the kind of stuff he before the Governor and his fighting lieutenants were on the wanted. defensive; they literally had to fight to save their reputations "I tell you, Dunne" said Mr. . Fraser, "we haven' t got the -and the result was-well, that doesn't matter; the point is man who has the right angle on this minimum wage business." that the bi.ll was forgotten; the point of attack was shifted; Dunne agreed with him. tl1e issues were muddled and the girls were left where they "And what's more," Fraser added; "it looks to me as always were, with starvation wages. This, it was· generally though more than half the men of our staff are for that bill agreed, was a master stroke on Dunne's part. . and are hoping to see it pass." He had his way about things. He had argued that girls Dunne had suspected this for weeks. would "never go wrong on account of low wages if they "We aren't getting the right kind of stuff," Fraser repeated. weren't bad by nature." He had argued that "low wages do' "I don't know of a better man to put on this story," said not drive girls into the street." His department store wu saved many thousands of dollars. Dunne with a growl. "Oh, that's easy enough, Dunne," said Fraser, with a wink Oh, by the way, Laura Knight was one of the employees "we've got the right man--" in Dunne's store. That is to say, she was there until some "Who?" weeks · ago. Dunne met her one night and was astonished to "You!" learn that she had become a prostitute. Strange things This was a neat compliment, Dunne thought, and it pleased happen, Dunne thought. "She never was any good or she him immensely. Dunne put fire and vigor into the fight. The wouldn' have become THAT." And Dunne might have ' men behind the paper chuckled, for they saw that they were married her! getting what they needed-"the right angle." What a narrow escape! Our Salacious Public P EOPLE who attend theatre very little, and who. therefore, are the. loudest in demanding censorship, contend that the pornographic theatre is one of the chief factors in the demoralization of the public. These people naively assume that producers are forcing licentious productions on a virtuous and frowning public. They forget that the production of films and legitimates is a business, and, as such, is managed strictly on business principles. No producer is foolhardy enough-unless he is a millionaire who wishes to amuse himself, or, being of an idealistic temperament, wishes to convert a recalcitrant public to some radicalism-to offer a distasteful play to theatregoers. Unpopular vehicles are rarely financially successful. The fact of the matter is that the risque play is shown purely because people crave it. I have carefully studied the attitude of the average audience towa.rd the indecencies of the screen and stage, and almost invariably I have found audiences greeting them with peals of rapturous la-ughter. The subtily-suggestive seldom fails to evoke merriment. Whenever "Fa tty" of Keystone fame, begins to remove his trousers, and then, after some reflection, decides to extinguish the light before completing the operation, what does the audience do but emit echoing guffaws? When Charlie Chaplin brandishes his cane so that he catches and raises the skirt of his leading lady perilously above het knees, the audience is convulsed. If a comedian emerges from some ball-room brawl, clad only in his B. V. D.'s the average church-going citizen not only tolerates it, but considers it rollicking good fun. At a Western theatre last winter two packed· houses saw and hugely enjoyed "So Long Letty," a musical comedy replete with the coarsest vulgarity and buffoonery. The delighted audiences, unquestionably composed of the city's "best people," repeatedly applauded revolting jests in which a pregnant woman was made the butt of ridicule. At a local musical-comedy playhouse recently, the leading comedian, seeing a minister flirting with a damsel, said, with a sly wink at his audience: "Go to it! Slaughter, old boy!" This witticism received prolonged and tumultous applause. (For the benefit of those who · have heard nothing of the above-named Mr. Slaughter, I will say that it is the name of a minister who was convicted for raping a 16-year-old girl who attended his church) . I cite th~se concrete cases merely to show that the fault lies not so llJUch with the film or play producer as it does with the appallingly low morale of the public itself. (Continued on Page 3S) �f T Le lnt er nationaH&t The Man Behind the Bars ~Y AlaDSC!·D A RE prisoners people? Thomas Mott Osborne'$ says that they are. He very flippantly asserts that prisoners are human beings, with many of the impulses, instincts, proclivities and desires that characterize the remainder of us. Frequently he is very revolutionary on this subject. He even says that convicts have brains and 1 tomachs and spinal columns--just like real people! . - · Thomas Mott Osborne is a vicious .heretic. He sho~ld be socially excommunicated for disseminating such vile and pernicious doctrines. He has the in·effable audacity to say that j esse james looks something like me-that the· most. hardcoed criminals in the world like to eat appetizing food, like to wear good clothing, like to jingle money in their pockets, enjoy the society of men and women-just like the rest of us! No. This is not a nonsensical introduction, but a plain truthful statement of th!! reason why Thomas Mott Osborne is not a popular penologist and why he is cordially hated by almost every politi.:ian in the State of New York. Osborne, bemg a very human being himself, once conceived the idea that if ordinary people developed most satisfactorily under an environment conducive to health and happiness, then extraordinary people would thrive best under those conditions. He pointed out that sunlight and fresh air are necessary for health, that social intercourse is needed to develop the faculties of give and take and fair play; that prisoners need a certain amount of independence and responsibility to make strong, thinking citizens of them. Moreover, he proved the correctess of his theory. At both Auburn and Sing Sing he demonstrated the beneficial effects of· self-government, of freedom, of ample recreation. But Thomas Mott Osborne is a man ahead of his time. As Frederick Harrison once said, "Society can overlookt murder, swindling or adultery; it never forgives the preaching of a n w gospel." Osborne preached a new gospel, and he is not yet forgive n. But he has fully proved -his contentions, and before another decade has passed every penal institution in thc United States will be forced by an awakened social conscience to adopt his suggestions. "Society and Prisons" is the most readable and sensible work on the subject of' criminology that has appeared since the classic work of Enrico Ferri entitled, "The Positive School of Criminology," It is not more scientific than fer;i's book but Osborne is so thoroly human and evinces such a thor~ and sympathetic understanding of the mental processes of the underdog that one is completely carried away by the broadmindedness and kindly feeling that permeate every page. ocialists will find nothing in "Society. and Prisons" with which they will radically disagree. fundamentally, Osborne sh re the views of the positive school that criminals are the product of a combination of bad heredity and environment t~nd. that ~ociety alone is responsible for the appalling numbe; of mfrachons of the law. He says: "It must be evident upon very slight acquaintance with the operations of the law that a very large number of those who g t en~ngled i1~ its net are not morally guilty; they are stmply urespons•ble, thru an ignorance that is no fault of their own. The number of men who have a deliberate intention to commit wickedness is relatively very small indeed." Osborne defines a criminal as "a person who has com- Jo\. 4 ElY AND PRISONS, hy Thomas ~oil Osborne. Yale University Pres$, New Ha en, Conn. Price $135, Postpaid. Sessioas mitted: a punishable offense .against pubiic law; more parti~ ularly a person convicted of a punish_ahle public offense on proof or confession." However, despite the irresponsibility of most criminals, he takes the position that society has the right of self-preservation. . Osborne ~enies that _there is a "criminal type." He makes hght of many of the theories of the old school of criminology: and pokes. fun at Havelock Ellis who writes that "family affectioq is by no means rare among crimina!,'!." "One is almost tempted. to add,'' says Osborne, "as a no less important ·contribution to penology, that criminals as a rule have two legs and are sometimes partial to chops and tomato sauce." Osborne scoffs at Lombroso's theories concerning the "crimi~al type," and quotes Dr. Charles Goring, an English physic1an connected with the Parkhurst Prison in England, to the effect that "No evidence has emerged confirming the exi tence of a physical type," such as Lombroso and his disciples have described." · Osborne goes on to say: "I have yet to m~et one prisoner whom I reg'a rd as anything but a perfectly natural human being-a natural human being often rendered abnormal thru inherited weaknesses, more often thru the evil influences of unhealthy environment, must often thru the stupidity of older people to whose care a precious human li fe was early entrusted. I believe that the institutions, devised by man for the training of youth, to be . most responsible for the inmates in our state prisons. And when we talk about 'confirmed criminals' and a 'criminal type' and a 'criminal class' we are trying to lay upon God the blame which belongs to ourselves." In other words, he throws the blame up squarely to the door of the present social order. No wonder he is universally hated by prison officials, who, as a rule, are the staunchest defenders of our archaic competitive system! When society begins to di.scard the absurd belief that the criminal is the victim of disease, and · to adopt the belief that he is usually the direct product of ab normal social and industrial conClitions, there will then be such a thing as a science of criminality-and not before. Osborne states that law, as at present administered, proceeds upon the theory of revenge-of punishment, for crime -that the criminal is supposed to be meted out so much punishment for so much crime. He says that this is an utter impossibility. "Who can determine the exact responsibility which each one of us carries? Who can estimate the due weight to be allotted to each element-the inheritance, the early training or lack of training, the effect of environment, the influence of others, the results . of unforeseen circumstances; in order to determine the exact degree of real blame deserved by the perpetrators of each an4 every crime, and the relative amount of punishment it would be fair to . give to each?" Osborne maintains that prisons do not reform, but on the contrary have the most perfect system patented to harden criminals. "In New York over two-thirds of the men in its four state prisons are recidivists; is that not good proof of the failure of our prisons to send out, at the end of their te~ms, men fitted to meet the world? Does it not point to the failure of the system under which our courts are acting? . The obj~cts of imprisonment are thr~fold. They are : FirSt, ret;~hatory; second, deterrent ; and third, reformatory. ~e first IS ~upP?sed to make the offender, by way of expiabon, suffer m Ius turn. The second is to frighten both the offender himself and others in the outside wodd who intend �·"" . \ The lot" nationalist to commit crime. The third is to work a moral change for righteousness in the heart of the crimin~l. Osborne contends that the first two objects are futile-that neither of them are practical. Not only that, but that the results are indubitably harmful. "As for the deterrent effect upon prisoners themselves; my own conclusion, formeq. after close acqua.intance with many convicts, from the statements they have made to me, and from. my own reading of human nature, is that the prison punishment of the past as a deterrent has been a sham and a failure." Osborne is scath.ing ~n his denunciation of the custom of solitary confinement. He denounces it as the most barbarous institution in so-called civilized society. And when he took charge of the Welfare Le< sue among the prisoners of Auburn and Sing Sing, he showed that some of the most brutal and vicious criminals that were ever confined in a penitentiary could be made into decent ci_tizens merely by giving them freedom in the yards, and by placing a certain amount of confidence in them. Osborne believes that solitary confinement should never be used, as its only result is to make the brutal more brutal and the vicious more vicious. In the summer of 1913, Osborne, who was then on the New York Board of Commission Reform, appointed by the Governor, decided to enter the penitentiary as a voluntary con, viet and to ' Jive thP. life of a prisoner for a week, in order to learn by actual experience the conditions that existed. He was given permission to do so, and his description of the revolting conditions which surrounded him are graphic and highly interesting. He describes his feelings when he was first incarcerated: "I am a prisoner, locked, double-locked. By no human possibility, by no act of my own, can I throw open the iron grating which shuts me from the world into this small stone vault. I am a voluntary prisoner, it is true; nevertheless, even a voluntary prisoner can't unlock the door of his cellthat must be done by some one from outside. I am perfectly conscious of a horrible feeling of constraint-of confinement. It recalls an agonized moment of my childhood when I accidentally locked myself into a closet. "My cell is exactly four feet wide by seven and a half feet long. measuring by my own feet, and about seven feet high. . The iron bed . is hooked to the wall and folds up against it; the mattress and blankets hang over it. The entire furniture consists of one stool, a shelf or tahle which drops down against the wall when not held up by hooks, an iron basin filled with water for washing purposes, a covered iron bucket for other purposes, a tin cup for drinking water, . . . . and an old broom which stands in the corner. A small wooden Tocker with three shelves is. fastened up in the farther left-hand corner. The pillow hangs in the opposite right-hand corner over the edge of the bed. 'This is a cell in one of the oldest parts of the prison. It has a concrete ll~or and plastered walls and ceiling, and looks clean. . . . The electric bulb hangs from a hook in the center of the arched ceiling and my head nearly touches it." After describing the horror of the darkness in the cells, he continues: "It is of no use to shut your eyes, for you know they are still there; you can feel the blackness of those iron bars across your closed eyelids; they seem to sear themselves into your very soul. It is the most terrible sensation I ever experienced. I understand now the ,prison pallor; I understand the sensitiveness of this prison audience; I understand the hi~h nervous tension whiCh makes anything possible. HOW DOES ANY MAN REMAIN SANE. I WONDER. CAGED IN THIS -STONE GRAVE, DAY AFTER DAY. NII.HT AFTER NIGHT?" . Page twenl)''nine Nine evils of the old prison system were ab~ished by Warde_n Osborne, when he secured that position in Sing Sing. They were: 1. Constant confinement. 2. The vice naturally resulting from such confinement. 3. Ill-organized and .inefficient system of labor. 4. Enforcement of silence. 5. The terrible monotony. 6. Constant espoinage. 7. The system of "stool pigeons." 8. The hotrible brutality of officers to prisoners. 9. ~e removal of all confidence and responsibility in the pnsoner. By instituting a general assembly of the prisoners, by dealing with them in a kindly manner, by allowing 'them to manage collectively many of their own affairs, by giving them sports and recreation in healthful quantity, Warden Osborne produced the · following result: In the seven years previous to the time he took charge of the prison, there had never been less than fou~ escapes and as high as nineteen. IN 1915, DURING WHICH TIME OSBORNE IN~ .. IUTED HIS NEW SYSTEM, THERE WERE ONLY THREE ESCAPES. The results are eloquent proof of the efficiency o~ humane treatment of criminals. Osborne has conclusively proved his theory, and he deserves the thanks of mankind. It is true that kindly treatment will not solve the problems of crime. Before we can materially decrease the amount of crime, we must establish equality of opportunity, we must spread broadcast the knowledge of contraception- and we must do a great many other revolutionary things. But we also have to deal with conditions as they exist. And in that respect, no man deserves higher hono•s than Thomas Mott Osborne. On A Stack of old ' "Popular" Magazines A jaded reader, finding magazines Undusted, cover-torn, behind old screens, Recalling hours he wasted on their show · Of mawkish. puppets, may choleric grow; May wonder who adjudged such travesties The counterparts of men; and then may seize The lot and throw them out, his anger gone When he sees bare the shelf they rested Oil. For me they call up more tha~ wasted hours. They cry a tragedy of wasted powers: They cry of men who pot-boiled frenziedlyThis one because of sheer necessity, That one because he was a SybariteAnd while they pot-boiled stilled all the light Of truth and beauty shining in their hearts; And killed their courage--courag&, torch of arts. They boast, those ·magazines, of bargains made. "A half-truth for the flesh-pots," was the trade. "A half-truth's better far than any ·lie. "Truth kills a lie, but half-truths hardly die!" They jeer, "No song of all they might have sung "Shall win the laurel when their day is done. "On us they chaned their flames; we're their full share. "The shelf we're thrown fr<>m ever will be bare!" -ELE.ANO~ WENTWORTH. 1171. �I Page thirty I The Peace Terms N Engla1.1d, the censor's power has waned; in France he is practically dead. Political discussion in Europe is fre~r today than at any time since the war began. ·Even m America, the people may discuss their own important business concerning the terms of peace with less danger of being-tyrannized over by their own public servants than heretofore. One may, perhaps, be permitted . to hope that peace may come soon. Upon what terms should we be willing to lay down our arms? It seems to me that ·we are in grave danger of ever-estimating the relative importance of the Terms of Peace. If we can wrest anything of value from a perplexing situation of course we should do so.· If we can write anything into the final settlement that might indicate an advance towards democracy anywhere, it is our duty to write it. But we should not lose sight of the fact that a real advance towards real democracy involves action more drastic a nd more far-reaching than the mere signing of an ag reement. Norman Angell showed us quite conclusively that commercial prosperity does not depend upon military strength. He completely smashed the old illusion that military victory carries with it a victory for the well-being of the people. The same principle is true of moral values. We may go to war sincerely motived by a devotion to a n ideal, but a victory at arms does not ensure the actual preservatio·n of that ideal; something more vital is necessary. Democracy is worth fighting for. And a people may b e compelled to fight for it aga inst those who threaten to take it from them, or who may be preventing them from getting it. But establishing democracy is not alone a ma tter of blood; it is a matter of sweat; it is a matter of thought; it is a matter of education. Democracy involves a constant adjustment of power to suit conditions in order that ultimate control may rest always with the people . It is as easy to build factories with cannon as to establish democracy by violence. We profess to be fighting for peace, a nd to believe in the efficacy of forces · outside of physical might; but to be too insistent that our demands be mel without any sort of compromise would be to confess a faith in violence as a factor in progress that would ill become our peaceful pretensions. We say also that we believe in democracy; we should therefore be willing to trust the wo.rkers of the world to work out the problems that concern them. in a n orderly fashion in the long time that is to come a fter the war. - ALEC WATKINS . W Which Road? HEN the war to make the world safe for democracy is over, the war to get it in America will be resumed. We may reach it by either of two roads : The first road is the road of revolution, violent and painful; the second road is the road of more or less orderly change. The second road is the least wasteful, the least disastrous to ourselves, and if we take it we are• not likely to have to retrace our s~eps. But there are three things in America that are unconsciously but surely forcing our feet along the red road of revolution. The first factor is. the government's policy of suppression and persecution in dealing with certain organizations of labor and with certain types of opinion. If history discredits any political principle at all, it discredits this principle of suppression. · Suppression is the tyrant's favorite weapon. But, particularJY. where the people have ha~ a tas~e of democracy, it 'is a stupid weapon. The effect of 1ts use IS to produce an \ \ ( \ lnternationai·ist attitude of uncompromising hostility in those whose activities are being suppressed, to drive the{Il to greater extremes in the pursuit of their purposes, an.d to swell their ranks with many ~ho would otherwise hold themselves aloof. The second rfactor is the perversity, the stupid toryism, the almost unbelievable blindness of the present leadership of the American Federation of Labor~ Samuel Gompers may be . th~roughly honest. But it is '\evertheless true that' the policies to· which he so stubbornly adher.es increases his own personal . power both inside and outside his organiza'tion -at the expense of the men from whom he draws his pay . . One of the first articles of the creed of Gompe.rism is ihat the unions should stay out of politics. . But Gompers himself does not stay out o'f : p_olitics. And Gompers enjoys his influence in political affairs not because he is Samuel Gompers but because he is the president of the A. F. of L. Why the urrions should not wield directly the influence that Gompers is enabled to· wield through his connection with them is not easy to understand-unless it · is .because the entrance of the unions into politics would mean the exit of Gompers. Labor has been fighting with one hand And if she is compelled to keep the other hand behind her back she will have to fight all the harder with the hand that is" free; if ~he does not fight politically she must needs do all her fi ghting in a more drastic fashion with other wea.pons. The third factor is the Socialist party. The present program of the party is quite inadequate. We. socialists confine ourselves largely to pamphleteering and electioneering. Up to the present time, perhaps from necessity, we have been a party of opinion instead of action. We have failed to break into the actual game. It is far better to agitate than to do nothing, but agitation that is unaccompanied by any sort of constructive action will land us nowhere. What we need most is not a Socialist party but a labor party. The function of the socialist should be not to talk for labor but to get labor to talk for herself; not to fight for labor, but to get labor to do her own fighting; not to theorize about cooperation but to become a co-operator. If the American socialist can do these things he will have done his share towards . ensurina the safe conduct of the worker in the direction of the Co-ope;ative Commonwealth along the road that holds the minimum of su rety that he will arrive at the desired goal. -ALEC WATKINS. Russia Undermining Prussianisni Events are confirming the contentions ·of the non-resistant, and showing the futility of brute force as im educative factor in civiliLation. Prince Maxmilian of Baden, in an interview with the Wolff bureau of Berlin, said : "Germany is threatened from Russia by a 'moral infection.' · . . . . German world order must undertake defensive · measures against Russian world disorder." . "The Internationalist" has long argued that the most efficacious way to inculcate the ideals of democracy in the mi;1ds of the German people is to encourage revolution in surrounding countries. This will tend to convince the German people that their enemies a re not without but within their gates, and induce them to concentrate their attention and energy on the abolition of autocracy at home. It seems to us that our present policy of maintaining a lukewarm attitude toward the Bolsheviki is about the heighth of stupid diplomacy .-A. S. �The Internationa~ist Page thirty-one What Thinkers Think Gems Comment From -The most damnable .low-down, l~scivious and licentious· thing to produce prostitutes is tht, dance, and I will rip it from hell to breakfasi.Rev. W. A. Sunday, ·quot~d in "Brann's Iconoclast." -Fully 5,000,000 people of the United States read Socialistic, I. W. W., or other literature of a destructive charac ter ; S,OOO,OOO more read Ration" alistic, anti-Christian, anti-Catholic literature.-L. K.' Washburn, "Truth- Current Per od1ca S· in equivocal twilights; and he can stare the sun out of countenance. } ames Huneker, "New York Tribune." . -A motor car will soon be developed that will steer itself almost automatically, will be weather-~ght· and entirely glass-enclosed, will · have no clutch or gears and will ciorry no spare tires, because the day of punctureless or airless tires is at hand.-'~Scientilic American." seeker." -Leon Trotzky, now so prominent in Russian politics, was at one time - This, our nation, is a Christian nation. We, the people, are a Christian . a .moving picture actor in this country. He appeared in "My Official Wife" people The deeps of our national life are Christian. -Harold · with Clara Kimball Young, and his salary was live dollars a day-the days ·he worked.-"The ll'tdependent." Bell Wright, "The American." . -The Russian revolution is having its effect in Germany. The ground - China. the home of the bubonic and pneumonic plagues, smallpox, and · is being undermined beneath the feet of the Fatherland party and the 'Panle.prosy, has always been the great plague spot of the world.-French Germans.-Frank Symonds, "Review of Reviews." Strother. 'The World's Work." -The Department of Agriculture is campaigning for a billion bushels - Abou t 5000 persons die in New York City each year as a result of wheal this ·year. This means that it will be necessary for our farmers of syphilis and its com(llication•.-New York Department of Health, "The to raise 3S,OOO,OOO more bushels than in 1917 when the· winter and World's Work." spring crops totaled 6')0,828,000 bushels.-Congressman John D. Baer, - We should like to- -be beyond war. But we cannot be so long as "Review of Reviews." Germany is not and looks on our aspiration as a weakness to be taken · - The anarchists who have seized possession of power in Russia are advantage of.- Vernon Kellogg, "North American Review.'' devoid of patriotism.-M. Finol, Paris "La Revue." - If England, in the f~rsl year of war, had had as many strikes as -Germany has ·t he lowest prices' for cereals. in the world.--'"Review the United States. she wo uld have had to conclude separate peace with of Reviews." Germany.- Sir Stephenson Kent, "World's Work." -With the war costing from seventeen to twenty billions the first fiscal year, Big Business is wallowing in profits. And out of this enormous war - Fundamentally. Socialism is an appeal to egotism, to envy, hatred and greed; an appeal which, Russia's experience shows. sows and quickly cost, the profiteers and far in~omes will page a meager two or three billions.-Robcrt La Follette, "La Follette's Magazine." reaps a crop of spoilation. outrage and murder.- Charles J ohnston, "North American Review ." - There can be no question about the complete failure of Allied diplamacy in dealing with the Russians.- Arno Dosch-Fieurol, "New York World." - So long as people con tinue to fix their attention on heavenly things, they will remain quiet under the pressure of the social problem.- Louis Wallis. "The Public." - Efficiency has not been popular among the proletariat because as now applied it chiefly swells the profits of the capitali•ts with little benefit to the working man or the consuming public. When all the economy of ef. fort it achieves acc rues to society as a whole, it will be cheerfully and gene rally adopted.- Leon T rotzky, "The Independent." - The workers themselves will. in most of the countries, be in a stronger political position, than before the war. Havin ~ risked their lives "to make the world safe for democ racy" they will be likely to demand an even ~rea l e r detiree of dcm·ocracy at home.- Harry Laidler, "Intercollegiate Socialist.-" --The American republic Harding. " The Independent." IS headed straight for socialism.- Senalor - If F ranee and Britain renounce a nnexatio ns and Germany insists on ·~em. we shall have a revolution in the land.- Hcrr Schiedmann, m Reichstag. - -Secret diplomacy. compulsory military service. profit from the manufacture of the instruments of distruction. should be rendered unnecessary in a society of free na tions. -Arthur Henderson. "The Call Magazine." - The November elections. 191 8, will be the first big opporunity of the Socialists.- Scott Nearing, "Intercollegiate Socialist." - Russia is where she is today because she has been driven there by the Allies. including the United Stales. It seems that Germany has a vested interest in the stupidity of allied diplomals.-Louis B. Boudin, "Intercollegiate Socialist." - We have got a lot of brave fellows in America with their arms in the treasury clear up to the elbows- fellows who call everybody a traitor who catches them stealing. Their months are thoroughly patriotic, but their legs are all pacifist.-Congressman Wm. E. Mason, in "La Follette's Magazine." -We have only to imagine what would have happened to a group of men who had chosen to air a grievance by picketing the White House -the speed with which they would have been arrested, lined, dispersed and forgotten- to realize the nature of the tolerance granted to women.-Agnes Repplier, "Atlantic Montl-ily." - The decision to throw the world into the war was partly made by the hope of the ruling classes that by such a catastrophe they might drown the storm of the coming revolution in their own countries.--Morris Hillquit, "People's Council Bulletin." - This war shows us that in a crisis the constitution can be swept entirely aside, and that we cannot depend on this document to guarantee our civil liberties. -Scott Nearing, " People's Council Bulletin." - Patients aflliicted with a common cold should be cautious in the handling of their handkerchiefs, and should hold a handkerchief or gauze over the nose and mouth when sneezing, and should keep as far away from healthy persons as the exigencies of life permit.-"Therapeutic Gazette." . - The celebrated Cornaro, who brought_ himself to . subsist on a daily doet of no more than twelve ounces of solid food, and fourteen ounces o f wine, lived in spite of his weak constitution for about a century, and retained his intelligence until his death.-"Critic and Guide." · The supply of wheat in this nation and in the world is inadequate. Owing to short crops in preceding years, the reserves of a number of important commodities have been greatly reduced.- Secrelary Houston, in Weekly News Letter, Department of Agriculture. -The United Kingdom has lost by the fall in birth& during the war more than 500,000 potential lives.-Sir Bernard Mallet, "Scientific · American."' - The policy of Great Britain is tacitly to encourage Germany in her annexationist policy.-Leon l'ro'tzky in "London News." - The Catholics claim an increase of membership in 1916 of 390,000, but dropped to a falling off in 1917 of 241,000. -Dr. H. K. Carroll, "Christian Herald." - To find the climax of· sin we must put our hands on social groups who have turned the patrimony of a nation into the private property of a smali class. or have left the peasant laborers cowed, degraded, demoralized, and without rights in the land.- Walter Raschenbusch, in "Current Opinion." --Cowardly maslced upper-class mobs, calling .themselves "Knighto of Liberty" and mumbling hypocritical words about the "women and children of Belgium," will not succeed in terrorizing the labor movement of America, ·nor will they tend to make it more patriotic.--Max Eastman "The Liberator." ' - In the art of Arthur B. Davies, we feel the nostalgia of the infinite, the ~orcery of ·dolls, •he salt . of sex, the vertigo of them who skirt the edge of perilous ravines, or straddle the rim of finer issues. He dwells -What are we to say when we see asceticism preached to the poor by _f~t and c~mf?;table retainers of the rich?--Uptoq Sin<:lair, "Upton .$inclan s Magazme. �/ Page thirty-two ~- The Internationaii•t _.,-~:::::·~--~----~ \ t~oons.,u~ By David Bospa STATISTICS FOR SOCIALISTS. . INTERNATIONALiSM 'IN ·. THE MAGAZINES For as many years as I can remember, The.. W~rld Almanac has been an essential feature of my desk equipment, and, capitalistic though it is, I would not want to do without it until Socialists patronize their own publishing houses to the extent that ·they may 'become as all-inclusive. Thjs period is close a t hand if we may judge from the excellence of "The • American Lahar Year Book," issued in its second annual edition by the Rand School of Social Science. The 1917-18 edition is not a rehash of the o riginal edition. but a new book that should find its way into every socia list and labor library. Alexander T rachtcnbcrg. director of the department of labor research of the Rand .School. has had the co-operation of a wide range of radical publicists in editing the Year Book. It is divided into six main sections. labor and war; the .labor movement in the United States; labor and the law ; social and economic conditions ; the interna tional Socialist, labor and Co -operative movements : the Socialist movement in the United States. Sta tistics and general information of co-operative and general labor .problems of the entire world a re included, though the facts center principally .in the affairs o f the Socialists of this count ry. The latest information concerning party activities are given. There are about fifty contributors, including Lajpat Rai. Scott Nearing. Anna Maley, James Oneal. I. M. Rubinow. Mocris Hillquit, Adolph Germer, and Basil M. Manley. Rand · School of Social Science, New York, 60c. Literature is one of the universal bonds. As · all blood runs red 'and there is salt in tears of all r~ces, so all types and families of the wo.rld have found expression through literature. The poet is the leader, ·prophet, inierpreter and historian of every age; he it is who grasps the universal basis of truth. There is a tendency in some of the magazines of the dawn to bring into common possession the thoughts and expressions of all nations. Prominent among these worthy magazines is "The Stratford Journal" issued monthly. This is an international magazine in the broadest sense of the word. The February issue· contains Russian stories, a garland . of Armenian verse. American prose and poetry, and Italian drama. Dr. Henry T. Schnittkind, editor. translates two humorous taks from Anton Chekhov, "Carele.sness'' and "Overspiced." They .are a trifle less morbid than the usual run of Chekhov's morgue. As would be expected, the tragedy of Atmenian na tional · life is reflected from the seven poems representing the work of as many poets. Dr. Isaac Goldberg presents an American re'ndering of Giuseppe Giacossa's play. "The Rights of the Soul." Among the older journals of a truly international chara.cter; "none ranks above "The Open Court." The current issue takes us into philosophic excursions through Chinese, Korean, Jewish, European and American thought preserves. Dr. Paul Carus by his world-wide touch with men. of science and philosophy maintains a ·mountain-top standard of excellence that is welding the philosophical world into an international unit of fellowship. . · "The Intercollegiate Socialist" includes Scott Nearing, Louis B. Boudin, Algernon Lee. Frederic C. Howe, Frank Bohn and many others in the February-March list of contributors. Among the topics dealt with are " Democracy at the Peace Setlement," "National Control of Railroads," "The Future of the City;" "Excess Profits Confiscation," and "Stale Socialism in War Time." 1(. 1(. 1(. It always giveS> one a sense of sorrow when he looks at some wreck of a man who in his youth has been a pillar of strength and importance. So I feel when I think of the "New Appeal." One standard of Warren and Wayland, however, has not be weakened. This is "The New Appeal Almanac." The 1918 edition is like its predecessors in power, though widened in scope. It covers a field no other book on earth fills and is a companion volume in importance with the "American Labor Year Book." No one wanting to be informed, or to look up problems of importance that come up continually can afford to be without the yearly "Appeal Almanac." How such an encyclopediac mine of information can be included in such compass has for years been a source of mystery to me. But there it is-year after year, always brought down to date, reliable ana thorough. a veritable school of general information in itself. In addition to the regular features we have all learned to look for in the Almanac, there are condensations of the famous Public Health Bulletin No. 76. and the Illinois Vice Report. Important statistics of the war. labor legislation. labor politics and sociology. hanks and trusts- in short. the enti re range of the economic and political field- keep the Almanac in its established character as a ·soci.a list institution . ""!be 'New Appeal," Girard, Kansas. Given only as subscription premium. :{. .y. .y. A modern "background" is covered by Mrs. Alec-Tweedie in her book on Mexico as a factor in the \var- "Mcxico: from Diaz to the Kaiser." I think Mrs. Alec-Twcedie has been somewhat stampeded by the general currents of opinion, but she has presented a mass of . interestin~t details worthy of consideration. Her book is "the story o.f the depth and hreadth of German intrigue in Mexico, with a sweeping .array of facts. A searching study of the underlying causes of unrest and tragically unsettled conditions in Mexico, written by a woman whose acquaintance with Diaz an<J other Mexican officials afford he excellent material. A pic ture of the historical development in that revolution-ridden country. A narrative told with exceptional skill and a striking eye for dramatic effects which go to make it far more thrilling than most novels." (Publishers' ~enerous estimate.) The artistic photos from which the book is illustrated were taken by the author ,during her visits to . Mexico. The message will bear the sanction of the American Wall Street Kaisers who are more responsible for conditions in Mexico than ,Kaiser Wilhelm. If the Germans have not been mixed in the international scramble to. exploit Mexico. they must have been slow indeed, for that would have put them outside the class of all other nations in this respect. What happened between the n~tive exploiters of Mexico and their foreign partnen-in-crime, Mn. Alec-Twe~die may know, .as she .claims in her book. In this. she has performed a service she 'did not intend--added to the proof that the workers have no friends except themselves, at hoine. or abroad in any land under the sun. -~rge H. Doran Co., New York. $3.50. ·~~ -. ~. KERR'S SOCIALIST CLASSICS Capital has become · international. War is world-wide as well as pandemonium. Let's have an international working class by emphasizing this year as never before the gladsome May Day of ln!ernationalism and the memory of Karl Marx. There is no need to say anything ab(lul the. contents of Marx s monumental three volumes of "Capital," except that when you get them you will want Ernest Untermann 's translation as published by Charles H. Kerr & Co. This big co-operative hous~ has printed a new edition of the third volume. of which Mary Marcy wrote me in a recent letter "it is better. to refer to it on specific points than to try to wade through it alone." . To those who ·have made comparatively little study of Marx. l would recommend Comrade Louis B. Boudin's " The Theoretical System of Karl Marx in the Li ~hl of Recent Criticism." Yo.; will grasp the purpose of the Look · best from a part of tlie author's preface: " I, therefore. concluded to present to the Engljsh reader. instead of an account of the movement to revise Marxism, an exposition of the teachings of Marx. and to draw upon the literature of Revisionism only in so far as it may become necessary or expedient in the course of such exposition in order to accentuate some of its points or differentiate them from others with which they are likely to be confused. I have therefore refrained from entering here into any controversy with any revisionist Marx critic except in so far as it was necessary for my purpose. " In the a rrangement of the matter I have followed the suggestion of the greai master ; I have treated the Materialisic Conception of History as merely introductory to the study of the actual workings of the capitalist system: . . There is one respect, however, in which the Materialistic Conception of History has a · harder road to travel than any other system of thought tha t I know of: the persistent misrepresentations of friend and foe. I have. therefore, deemed it advisable to attach two appendices. wherein arc treated two points with respect to which these perversions and misrepresentations a re most frequent and a t the same time most glarinl(. "I hope tha t the volume herewith presented will give the reader, if not .a n adequate ' presentation of the Marxian doctrines. at .least' an · adequate beginn~ng for such presentation. and that it will serve as a stimulant towards an adequate discussion among English-speaking people of the great theoLelical problems embraced within the realm of Marxism." Charles H. Kerr & Co., Chicago. · $1.00 net �The Internationalist Page thirty-three Co-operation the World Over Notes About the Chief Co-oper at i v·e s G I e an e d from Many Sources A TICKET TO HEAVEN i j II Perhaps the question that probes closest to the heart of the theory of consumers' co-operation is, What is Dividend? Dividend-giving is lhe device. of charging current retail prices and re·turning the margin cost to those who had 'paid it in purchasing the goods. Dividend is profit given to the purchaser. It is the middleman's rake-off returned to its rightful owner·. It is the . poor man's 'Automatic savings bank." It is the ho use-keepers nest egg. It is a way of acquiring capital without saving it or stealing it. But it is · even more than the most effective way of keeping the wolf from the door. It is the providet of a "unique democratic basis to an industrial organization." It is a card of membership to a great democratic society. It is the citizen's papers of a " sta te within a state"-a s tate in which the women arc enfranchised a rid no one conside red an unwelcome alien. But it is still more than the furthest out-post of democracy. It is t~e guide to the Co-operative Com~onwealth, in which the re will be no coercion and no exploitation, a nd none of the evils which result from exploitation, in which no o"ne will go hungry or thirsty or ill-clothed. but in which the re will be the final "Conquest o f Bread'' by those who made it and those who need it. The amow11 of the " dividend" is no t nearly as significant as many suppose it. To judge from a number of recent inquiries, the average dividend in the United S ta tes appears to be 5.6 pe rcent to membe rs. Howeve r, th<; margin upon cost is always very variable. It can be a rbitra~ily affected . in many different ways. Skillful or unskillful purchasing, w1se or unwtse management, economy o r ex tra vagance, and the conditions of the mar.k~t itself, all necessarily de termined the profit, and hence the amount o~dlVI­ dend. The dividend may be unduly diminished by cutting prices,' c eless handling of a rticles, waste in cutting o r weighing o ut articles dishone y of employees, sudden rises in wholesale prices, the ordinary haza rds o f life such as fi re, burglary, e tc., and the most damaging of all dangers, disloyalty in purchasing. It may be unduly increased by demanding too high prices, by dealing in poor shoddy good s, by neglecting depreciation, education funds, a nd the union labeL- By RALPH E. CHEYNEY. Pubhc tty Direc to r, Co-operative League o f Ameri.ca. THE PEACE OF INDUSTRY "Co-opera tion was born of the ft'eling tha t unmitigated competition is at best socia l war, and tho ugh war has its conques ts, its po mps, its bards; its proud associa tions and he ro ic memo ries, there is murder in its march, a nd humanity and genius were thin gs to blush for if progress cannot be accomplished by some o ther means. What an e ndurin g truce is to war, Co-operation is to the never-ceasing conflic t between capital a nd labo r. It is the peace o f induslry."--G. HOLYOAKE. J- THE UNION CO-OPERATIVE STORE The Union Co-ope ra tive Store owes its great success to the loyalty a nd conscientious work o f its members. Organized in ·19 14 fo r the benefit of a few co-operators, it has 'grown gradually until today the store carries eve rything that a family might need, a nd is conduc ting its b usiness with excellent results. To nive a de tailed account of the hard struggle which this co-operative institu~on has had with rival, privately-conduc ted s"to res, a nd to describe the unscrupulo us me thod s which the la tter have used in the a ttempt to crush us, would require too much space in your es timable magazin.e . Our co-operative store propaganda found favor originally with workers w ho' were all socialists and members o f the Socialist party. We opened o ur own store a nd refused to buy f ro m o the r stores, no ma tte r if prices were lower for the time being in competing concerns, knowing well that his la tter attraction was but bait th rown out to dissolve our institution. The war has created a n opportunity for merch ants to make enormo us profits from the sale of commodities. Without the least exaggeration, one can say that many ·of these me r.chanls are ma king 1000 percent proftt on various staples. ·In privately-conducted merchan t enterpnses, selfishness and exploitation rule supreme. In our co-operative store, we have a plentiful stock on hand and the shareh olde rs of this ente rprise are pu rchasing goods a t prices ve ry much lowe r than those in o the r stores. These fa r-sighted peopLe who organized the co-operative yea rs ago are now reaping the benefit of their wisdom and sacrifice. Many who are no shareholde rs are clamoring for permission to become a part of the organization, but the privilege must necessarily be denied them for good reasons. How they regret their sneering attitude when we started the institution I I have often wondered why the workers should be so indifferent to the idea of co-operation, when it alone is capable of solving their pro!;>lem of living. It seems to me that ·we enjoy being exploited in every possible manner. Yours fraternally, y, LETflNI, Union Co-operative Store, Barre, Vt. CO-OPERATION IN DENMARK . Figures published in the official organ of co-operation in Denmark show . the position of the entire movement las t year as compared with the year pre~ious. Thus the Distributive Wholesale's sales figures have increased 84,500,000 kroner to 87,800,000 kroner .{or from £4,69S,OOO to £4,878.000), while the collective sales of the distributive· societies hav'e risen from 125 million to 150 million kroner, i.e., from £6,944,000 to £8,333,000, an increase in which one has no difficulty in seeing the factor from of abnormal prices. The factor of abnormal prices is also visible in the turnover of. close on 744 million krone r, or £40.767,000, pertaining to the A~ricultural production and Sales socie ties collectively {i. e., the Co-operative Dairy societies and butter exportin~ organizations), the year's increase alllj}unting practicalfy to 92 million kroner, or about £5,110,000. On the other hand the Agricultural Purchasing socie ties through the hampering conditioi!S of the period. figure in the record wi th a decrease of business to the amount of 47.200,000 kroner, or £2,622,000. Meanwhile the Co-operative Bank has made unabated p rogress; its 'turnover during the twelve months having grown from 3Vz to 5Vz milliards. The organization now embraces 1,13'2 co-operati ve 'Societies, and the bank's operations are conducted through fifty branches.- " 'The Producer." · CO-OPERATION A SOCIAL NECESSITY "The co-operative- society is of importance because it d evelops in the individual those characteristics and capacities which are necessary for social p rogress. The present individualist system which takes care of the business interests of the farmers is a dividing and disintegrating force. It lends to des tro y the natu ra l associative 1 characte r a nd to set each man against his neighbor. The conflic t of inte rest engendered by the competiti ve regime has been was ted no t o nly economically, but also from the more impo rta nt point o f view of individual character. The wastes of competiti ve indust ry arc not confined to adve rtising costs, lack '?f unde rstanding between purchaser and buyer, and the necessary protecting devices against monopo ly. Tha t system creates fraud and dishonesty, indifference and suspicion. It conceals the fac t that the interests of each individual are best served in his associa ted capacity as a membe r of a social community. But, as a member of a society with interests in common, the indivi~ual, consciously and unconscio usly. develops the social virtues. Honesty becomes impe rative and is enforced by the whole group on the individual ; loyalty to the communi ty is made a n essential for the be tte r development of individual powers. T o cheat the society is to injure a neighbor; to sell milk outside is to endan g~ r the success o f a venture in which friends and relatives a rc interested. These virtues have not been developed immediately ·or rapidly. Changes in charac ter a re even. more difficult than changes in a n economic system."- H. F . NORMAN, in "Better Business." Two Bookstha t e ve ry Sociali•t and Non-Socialist Should Read. I. AMERICAN SOCIALISM OF THE PRESENT DAY (Revised) 2. THE FACTS OF SOCIALISM (cloth or paper, the latter at 2Sc) Jessie Wallace Hughan Address: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 70 Sth .ave., New York . ..1 �) Page thirty-four The Internationalist The ·Pursuit of Happiness T HE editorials of the Hearst newspapers and Billy Sunday to the contrary, Happiness is the most nearly unattainable thing in the world. . . It is elusiveness personified. There is a popular illusion that permanent peace, homely matinee idols, undogmatic Germans and Socialism are competitors for the title of THE UNATIAINABLE. But for persistent evasiveness, those items aren't in it with the patron saint of the Garden o:f Eden. ·Running down any one of them is like running down a sna~l in comparison with the pursuit of the only genuine and untiring will-of-the-wisp, Happiness. The man has yet to live who has grasped the slippery thing and prevented it from gliding through his fiingers. Orie man. is unhappy becaljse his sweetheart loves him too little, another because she loves him too much; the dyspeptic because his appetite .is consistently absent, the small boy because it is consistently with him. · The suffragist falls short of Happiness because there are so many unconverted; the anti-suffragist because there are so many converted; the militarist because he thinks men don't enjoy killing as they ought, the anti-militarist because he is afraid they enjoy it too well; the vivisectionist because there is always some other nerve he has not yet tampered with, the anti-vivisectionist because there is always some fresh barbarity he has not yet censured. The drunkard in vain pursues Happiness because after being drunk he becomes sober, and ·the prohibitionist turns pessimist because after abstaining from beer 'water infe~ts him with typhoid, . The wife of the poor man and the wife of the rich man alike develop wrinkles, the one because she has too many clothes to mend and ·t he other because she has not enough clothes to wear. · Happiness escapes the humorist because _he cannot laugh af his OWn JOke arid dodges the cynic because he is expected to live up to his own cynicism. The inhabitants of the Earth cannot be happy because Mars is so far away from that they cannot chat over the back fences with the Martians. The Martians cannot be happy because the Earth is no near to them that the stench of the wiu carnage· offends their too sensitive nostrils. Perhaps after having mastered the weather, set · aside the law of gravitation, established surburban ae~ial lines through interstellar ·space, buried the mother-in-law joke and discovered an antidote for the deadly virus of stupiditychumanus, we will stumble upon some law of psychology that will ·enable us to grasp Happiness and hold it permanently. And if we do-perhaps we'll wish we haqn't. Need an Adjustment? American Socialism (Continued from page IS) (Continued from page 7) . -ELEANOR WENTWORTH. a sick horse, they don't waste time asking the horse what the Some say that agitators of the new Marxian theories, hoping to win for their ideas alone, helped to sow dissentions. Cabot trouble is as human doctors do. They KNOW. One sunny afternoon my friend of the large hands induced was turned, with all his supporters, from the colony which he me to risk my life on the rear seat of a motorcycle to see a . had founded. He at once departed with his adherents to found very sick woman about ten miles from my office. Arriving - another community. Four weeks from the !ime of his exat the farm-house, we found that the woman had fallen from pulsion he died. The Cabot faction bought a tract of land near Cheltenha:-!1, a load of hay and struck her head on the wagon tongue. The horse had dinged her head some to complete the job. Mo., now within the limits of St. Louis. But they experienced She had been unconscious but when we arrived she was the same difficulties that had beset the original colonists in loudly conscious. She suffered great . ~gony in the neck and Louisiana-they were swindled by land sharks. Living in could riot move it without great pain. Her neck was twisted community houses, the mecha nics of the community worked in St. Louis fac'iories, and ere long they were fairly pw sover her shoulder. With one look at . the suffering woman, my friend stepped perous, publishing a paper and having ma ny enterprises of forward and gently put his great fiingers along the cervicals. their own. But the communil'y divided over autocratic versus He them placed his other heavy hand firmly over the face and democratic management, and the members withdrew in small moved every bone in her neck. The pain was furious. The bodies, until finally it was dissolved as the remainder of the neck straightened however, and within ten minutes the pain colonists enlisted for service in the union army. was gone, the woman got up and proceeded with her work. The Nauvoo community was disrupted by numerous dissenThe bruised places, remained for some time. tions, and lost much of its prosperity. Finally, its affairs were Witnessing the marvelous recovery, the husband hatched closed out and a new community was · established in lcaria, an idea. "Say, Doc," he said, "You fixed my old woman Iowa. For a time they prospered. But new dissentions arose, fine; maybe you can fix my horse." and later the property of the community was divided among Going into the corral, we saw a beautiful horse, pathetical- the ~embership by arbitration, the community dissolving. ly trying to rise. His hind quarters refused 'to budge. The ( T 0 be continued Next Month) . . chiropractor smiled again, asked for a hammer. Going to his bag, he picked out a solid piece of gum about four inches long and about two inches thick. Wit)l great effort the three Coming back, he tried to kick us out of the corral. Vaulting of us lifted the horse to his feet, and leaned him against a the fence, we.watched him cavort around. We visited that horse several times, and he always tried to post. Standing on a box about two feet high the doctor, with forceful hands, placed the rubber on the four-inch lumbar, kick our heads off before we even got within consulting dis· and swung a mighty blow on the rubber. The horse kicked tance. He was a cured horse, through the gentle adminis· both feet skyward and started around the corral on a run. tratio.n of a chiropractic adjustment. '•, ..J �• ,q The lotern.ationalist Co-operation vs. Competition Page thirty-five Cold Figur~s (Continued from page 25) · In Russia, birth control information has not been available to the masses. The death rate per thousand population is 3 I. ly using these legal co-operative machines, it h<ts been deIn Germany, .information is slightly available, although atclaring co-operation to be a very bad thing-for labor. tended with considerable difficulty. The death rate per thouAnd by using these powerful economic engines in an evil sand population is I 7. way to exploit the people for their own selfish purposes, cap-· In England, where si1ch ii1fo~mation is legally permitt~d to italists succeeded in creating quite a popular prejudice against be given · to married persons and those contemplating marcorporations of every kind, until the very word had come riage, the death rate per thousand is I4. to be a lmost synonymous with monopoly, oppression, plutocIn Fr;mce, .the information is easily had, no restrictive laws racy, chicanery and fraud. Labor had come to be very shy ·.b eing in force. The death rate per thousand population is I 9. of corporations, for corporations were its arch foes, and its (The bir\h rate per thousand in F ranee is I 0 less than in Gerexperience with them had justified in a measure its prejudice many, however.) against competitive labor, it was a bad thing-for labor. In Holland, there are no restrictive laws, there being gover;lBecause governmen t has permitted the monopolization of ment approval of l;>irth control clinics. Jhe death rate per land and the right of the private owner to withhold it from thousand population is I 2. use in wha tever amount or degree, just in that degree must fn Australia, there a re no restrictive laws. The dea th rate labor suffer and ind ustrial progress be retarded. The co- per thousand population is I I. operative Jwnership and cultiva tion of land as of a ll proIn New Zealand, where there are no restrictiw laws, the ducin g means. is today the most immedia te remedy for the death rate per thousand population is 9 . industrial evils that affl ict the people a nd which find their exIn the United States, statistics show the birth rate to be pression in multitudes of unemployed a nd a general lowering much greater tha n that of Germany, France, England, Holla nd, of the moral tone of society ; but it can only be effected little Australia, or New Zealand, yet our death rate per thousand by little, by establishin g and putting into operation a system popula tion .is I 7, a nd our infa nt death ra te is in a lmost every that approxima tes such an e ffect a nd guarantees a continuing msta ncce twice as great as those countries in which information progress towa rds its complete realiv.ation. The evolutionary on birth control is easily secu re d. . trend of the times is aga inst irresp01osible, private control of The reader is le ft to draw his own conclusions.- A. S. land holding a nd labo r employing corporations of a ny kind. Industrial power. whether wielded by private capita lists or cooperative producing compa nies must be made responsible to some adeq uate and satisfactc6 y a uthority, a nd be, a t all times, (Continued from page 24) sub ject to its supervision a nd inspection. What Esperanto Means World Federation (Continued from page 18) I.. equa lity. But such a settlement can never be brought about so long as eithe r party to the struggle refuses to follow the program outlined by President Wilson in d eclari ng that our country " seeks for no advantage, will ask for no indemnities., desires no a nn exations," as the result of any share tha t we may have in this world war. That program will not be adopted except by the further reconstruction of the governing powers within the warring sta les. New elections are threatened, old . cabinets are going to pieces. reorganizations of the war powers within the cabinets at home. are more frequen t than re-alignments on the field of battle, and every shift carries the power in the direction of the more democratic forces at home. As war measures. labor has been mobilized; railways, mines. factories, markets. put under government control. 'rices fixed, the character of the products determined , the fee-..;ng of the nations made a part of the military program, and in all these instances, while the reason may have been military, the effect has been in the direction of provision for the public good at the expensl of the old time monopolies. just because the forces that started the war, and the forces whicJ. r •m time to time have controlled the war, will have small snare. in the ending of the war, there is ;;t least good ground for hope that this war, the greatest disaster in history, may terminate .in a world democracy. If so, it will be the greates.t achievement of mankind. l to-Asocio · a nd its eighteen hundred representatives in all civilized countries, as well as the la rge national societies in tile leadin g countries of iEurope, the Esperanto movement is ready for a ny occasion . Even on this side of the Atlai1tic where, of course, the need for an a uxiliary language has not been felt a,s keenly, the movement has made considerable headway. 1 he n a llon~l headqulrt e rs of the Esperanto Association . of Nort h Amenca are located at West Newton, Boston, a nd today there . is not one large city from New .York to San Francisco wi thout its Esperanto club. All o( which merely goes to show that the day is not far distant whentiur neutrala lingva fundamento, Komprenan te unu Ia alian, La popoloj faros en konsento Un u grandan rondon familian. Our Salacious Public (Continued from page 27) Censorship cannot remedy this evil. No amount of coercion . can eradicate It. The solution of the problem lies solely 111 education. People of discernment, appreciative of the higher things of li fe , must be ever vigilant publicly to disapprove salacious, demoralizing productions, and enthusiastically to commend those worthy of attendance. In this manner only can the standard of theatricals be elevated.- A, S. . -()-- "The December-January number of the "Comrade" was a FINE number."-Ciara Cushman, Santa Ana. California. • �Page thirty-1>ix The International Language Esperanto (Continued from· Page 13) simplifies the language problems, opens up a new world of literature, gives one a mt:ch better understanding of his mothertongue, enables him to correspond with people all over the world, and all" this a t a comparatively small outlay of time or money. Send for a FREE sample copy of AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO; the official or~an of the Esperanto Association of North America, and receive also a catalog of 2 ooks, etc., and full information on how to learn this wonderful language. Please mention the Llano Publications. have no beginning. As this present life will be a pre-existence to a future life; so the present must have peen preced.~­ by other lives; but the Soul is always the same in past, present and future. · The practical - part of the teaching of Vedanta is called Yoga, which means literally "joining" ·or union, like the Eng· · lish word "yoke." It offers certain methods for the training of the . mind ·and body. to make them fit instruments for the manifestati.o n of the perfection already in us. There is no mystery in it, as many suppose. It is a science based on the direct observation and experience of p~rfected Yogis or illumined Sages, and is a clear, logical system for the unfoldment of our spiritual · nature. lt teaches us how· to stop frittering .our energies and to unite all our mental and physical forces into one strong current, which will carry us to supreme realization. Yoga is divided into four principal paths to suit different temperaments. Karma-Yoga is the patb. of work and shows us how to perform our duties without creating -bondage; RajaYoga teaches us how to control both our internal and external nature; Bhakti-Yoga is the path of love and devotion, while Jnana-Yoga leads us by the path of intellectual discrimination. But although these seem ijke four distinct methods, we rriust try to combine all iri. our daily practice; for no character is perfect which is lacking· in any of these qualifications. Yet as in every character one tendency invariably predominates, that determines the special path. All, however, lead to the same goal. From the crudest form of symbol worship to the loftiest conception of abstract truth, every phase of religion has a place in Vedanta. It recognizes the necessity for innumerable forms of worship to suit the varying degrees of devciopment among human beings. It does not interfere with any man's natural way of thinking, but furthers his growth by lending a sympathetic and helping hand wherever he stands. It accepts all the Sacred Scriptures of the world and bows down in reverence before all the Saviors aud prophets. It believes that the same Gospel of Truth is preached by all; the only difference is in the language, not in the essential meaning. It teaches one how to attain the highest in this own r~­ ligion, but · tells him he must allow the same freedom to his brother. Thus it leaves no place for discussion; but see:ng the One Divine Power behind all forms of worship, it proclaims universal tolerance and assimilation. THE AMERICAN ·ESPERANTIST CO.• INC. Wa tertown, Waltham and Washington Stre~ts WEST NEWTQN STATION. BOSTON, MASS. "Shall J. P. Morgan Own The Earth?" - a booklet which PROVES, by photographed extracts from an official U. S. Government Report, that the Morgan wealth and power arc twenty times greater than realized. How Morgan (after the wa r) can manipulate a "panic"; then buy cheaply control of all vital industries; dispossess YOU of wealth; e· duce MILLIONS to abject slavery. How he keeps knowledge of this power suppressed; how newspapers are controlled; gov. ernments anJ legislatures corrupted. Price 50 cents- and your money back if not satisfied that the information given is well worth the price. Descriptive circular, testimonials, etc., free. A~ents wanted. Address: JACK PANSY, Publisher; P.O. Box LC-307, Grand Rapids, Mich. M Colony Representatives Wanted • The Spirit Teaching Of lndia Trustworthy, responsible, competent agents are desired m diflerent communities to represent the colony and to interest desirable persons in this enterprise. Only men and women of constructive minds, self-sacrificing disposition, and energy are wanted. If you• are willing to work for the good of a great cause in a wholly constructive way, you are invited to correspond with the Membership Department and to get the Representatives Proposition. Persons actuated only by self-interest need not apply. Membership Department LLANO DEL RIO THE INTERNATIONALIST. PEAR~ON' COLONY One Dolla~ a Year. MAGAZINE. $2 a Year. BOTH FOR $2.50 a Year. "I TER 1ATIONALIST" SUBSCRIPTION CARDS ix Cards for $3.60-10 Cards for $5.00 Subscription Cards must be purchased in advmce for "- Cash. Agents can make good profits taking INTERNATIONALIST Subscriptions. THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS Stables, Louisiana LLANO COLONIST READERS Due to mechanical and other difficulties, the "Llano Colonist" will not be re-published for several months yet. It will be revived, however, and it will be bigger and better than ever. We have been waiting in .order that when we did start, we could greatly impHlVe it in size and quality. Those who have subscribed for the Colonist will kindly be patient and they will be rewarded with the improved weekly which shall come later. The new weekly will be calleJ 'The Co-operative Socialist." It will be a six-column paper, carrying the latest Socialist and labor news. feature articles, news of the Llano del Rio Colony, and a feature editorial page. The Llano Publicatio ns .... ' �Real Estate Bargains The following properties are among those that have been listed for sale or trade with the LLANO lAND BUREAU. Many of these are exceptional BARGAINS. As more and more property is listed, it becomes possible to "offer a variety . in all portions of the country_ Those who wish to sell or trade or by, or knowing of others who wish to buy, are invited to correspond with the LLANO lAND BUREAU. NO COMMISSIONS ARE CHARGED those expecting to come to the Llano Colony. TEXAS.-Gregg County. 405 acres on Sabine river, five miles from Gladewater. 60 acres in cultivation; improvements; pine and oak timber. $20 an acre. Terms to suit purchaser.--mbw. LOUISIANA. Heflin. 100 acres in Bienville Parish. Rolling upland ; all first class. Price $15 an acre.- jb. · $1350- Houc.e and lot; 6 rooms; lot 33Yzxl50; barn 18x20; long time to pay, dt Orbisiania, Pa.-gem. $1340 cash, Balance $25 a month, for beautiful home in Liberal, Kansas; will rent for $30 a-;.,onth; modern in every way; 10 rooms; will pay out in rented rooms. A real bargain. Trade considered.-alk. $200- Business lot in Seadrift, Texas.-dc. 5 Acres; Truck land in oil belt; close to oyster fishing. Seadrift. Texas. This is a bargain at $1200. Will consider trade.-dc. 4-Room House; large lot; Seadrift, Texas, for $500.-dc. 2 Lots in Henrico, Virginia, for $400. T erros.--em 40x80 Lot in New York City for $800.-gfj. $1500 for Ill acres rich land in Washington. Fine fruit district.-gfj IS acre Cherry Orshard. fenced; 8-room house. barn. running water; $8000. A producing place; will soon pay itself out.-gfj. Lot in healthful disirict of Washington; thriving small town; good investment. Owner must leave.-$800.- pj 160 Acres in Washington; I million feel timber, 12 acres cultivated; house, barn, springs ; fine climate; good farm land. $1500. A bargain. -am. ! 60 Acres in coast mountains of California; timber. Splendid climate; timber will pay large portion. $4000.- mep 1280 acres. Los Animas Co .. Colo., small bldgs.; Fine bean land, ideal for stock. Sell or trade. $400.-lmc 4 Acres in close to business district; Twin Falls, Idaho. Splendid opportunity in live town. $4000.- gee Business lot Twin Falls. Idaho. $1700. A bargain.-gee 42 acres at Los Gatos, California. Income of $4000 a year; health and pleasure resort. Going Business. Good reasons for selling. Price $20,000. Consider terms. 7-Room Modem House; electricity, toilet bath. 10 minutes walk from business district of Eureka, one of the finest cities of California. Worth $1350 and a bargain at this price. Will trade. -aej Modern home at Atascadero, California. 20 fruit trees, splendid climate. $2500, $1500 cash. balance mortgage. Will consider trade. -rwv 160 Acres at LaGrande, Ore. 5-room house, 40x20 barn, log black- smith shop and bunk house, springhouse; 300,000 feet saw timber; 60 acres good farm land; market for wood at $6 a cord. This is a genuine bargain. Owner had to leave on account of wife's health. $1800 takes it.-clg. 607 acres in Nebraska, mostly grazing; 40 acres broken; small house, and barn, all fenced and cross fenced, well, windmill and tank. $6000, to be $2500 cash, remainder long time. - mjf $600 for Six Acres ; house; all fenced and all under cultivation. Close to coast. A bargain.-hat $3500 for 160 acres in New Mexico ; will consider trade ; also four lots in Hammond, Okla. for $700.- pfs 40 acres; Heber Springs, Arkansas; will consider trade. $1600.- jc. 3 parcels 'of Land at Chico, California. T ra"de considered.-jw TEXAS, near Tomball; ISO acres; 40 acres under fence and cultivation; 5-room House; smoke house and barn; 30 acr<s more has been cultivated and can easily be put in cultivation; balance cut-over timber land; drainage perfect; has oil indications. Price $2500. Will consider trade for part. balance five yearly paymeuts of $250 at 7 percent semi-annually. Immediate possession with crop. This IS a splendid deal. Fine climate.-aec $450- two lots Stockton, California $3250-House and lot in San Francisco $3500- Thirty-acre farm, mountains of California; $2000 for farm without stock. This is an excellent location and good property. $500 for ten acres in Florida, suitable for oranges and vegetables. $2217 for good business in Iowa town, plumbing and heating. Florida land-10 acres, partly improved, house and buildings. 160 acres-Kansas, unimproved land, $2000, sell or trade. 320 acres unimproved Kansas · land, $3200. 240 acres in Texas, 95 in cultivation, two houses, $20 an acre. $2500 for good place in Mississippi. -vle 40 acres in Texas, good improvements, $75 an acre. Sell or trade. 200 acres Arkansas land, improvements, orchard and house, stock, tools. implements included; all for $6000. Sell or trade. 165 acres Texas for $10,000. Terms. 160 acres Texas, unimproved good rice or fig land. $25 an acre.- aec 2u · acres Idaho, $225 an acre. Liberal Terms.-jcc $300 for lot in thriving Alabama town. Sell or trade. $400 for 40 acres southern Alabama, unimproved. $1600 for 40 acres in Florida. Liberal terms.-alc $1500 for house and lot in Grand .Rapids, Mich. Rents for $17.50. NOTE!-If you have a prospecti,·e buyer, perhaps we may show you how he may borrow the money to p-urchase your land. Many buyers are availing themselves of this plan and make deals possible that could not otherwise be made. Llano Land Bureau, Stables, ·La. Price $100 - The subjects commonly taught in our public school, the time at which they 3re taught, and the amounts taught, are determined by tradition, not by a fresh and untrammeled consideration of living and present needs.-Dr. Flexner, "Modern School Magazine." Thirty Days Free Trial - The new Browning machine gun, weighing IS pounds, will fire twenty shots before you can take your finger off the trigger.-Lucian Cary, " Colliers."' COMRADES. send us $1.00 for this Razor, use it thirty days, then if you don't believe it to be the equal of any $2.00 Razor on the market, return it and we will exchange it for a new one or refund your money, as you desire. Furnished with plain black hand!~ either round or square point, extra hollow ground Ys-inch blade. Price, $1.00 each or six for $5.00, postpaid. If convenient, remit by P. 0. or Express Money order. Address- RED FlAG RAZOR COMPANY PARAGOULD, ARKANSAS IF OUR RAZORS DON'T MAfi GOOD, WE WILL. ( powerine is equal to gasoline at_ 5c a gallon; salesmen and agents wanted; exclusive territory granted. POWERINE is guaranteed to be harmless, to remove and prevent carbon, doubling the life of all gasoline motors, saving repairs, adding snap, sJ1eed and power. An amount equal to 20 galloru of gasoline will be sent to any address in the U. S., charges prepaid, for $ 1.00. W. PORTER BARNES, SANTA ROSA. CAL. Dept 2H I �--- ,-----, l You Are Coming To Louisiana-and are going to locate in Vernon Parish. We will welcome you and do everything to make your stay pleasant. If you do well, we will be benefited as well as yourself. Do Socialism To Win? Look at the Election .Returns from the few cities given below. Help us roll up a stagering vo~ and send a lighting delegation to Congress. Stait the 1918 campaign NOW! New · York City 1913- 32,000 1917-150,000 -We want your BANKING BUSINESS. - We have the facilities. Chicago 1916--16,000 1917-27,000 West Louisiana Bank, Leesville, Louisiana Cleveland 1915- 6,000 1917-27,000 "The Bank for Vernon Parish People" Dayton 1916-- 4,800 1917-:-12,000 Toledo 1915- 2.800 1917-14,903 Rochester 1916--1,450 1917-8,200 On To Washington! Officers : 5. T. WARD. President A. L DRF.I3EN. Vice-President G. ED. WEt-!RT. Vice-President c·. M. ADDISON, Vice-President You ~ Want J. R. BAGENTS, Jr. Vice-Pres. ]AS. B. ROARK, Cashier T. CLEARY, Assistant-Cashier W.CMcELVEEN, Assist.Cashier WE BELIEVE IN OUR PARISH AND IN OUR LANDS. THE OPPORTUNITIES ARE HERE FOR YOU! f!l Send in what you can to the MILLION DOLLAR FUND. Let this· be America's answer to oppression and autocracy. lJI Send all communications and contributions to OLIVER C. WILSON, Financial Director, Room 405, 803 W. Madison Street, Chicago, Ill. ''Democracy or Despotism?'' By Walter Thomas Mills Author of "The Struggle for Existence" f!l "DEMOCRACY AND DESPOTISM" is a Complete Discussion of Every Problem Involved in the Study of Democracy in the Shops, Factories, Mines, Markets, in the Cities,' States, Nations, and in International Affairs. f!l The publisher guarantees satisfaction with the purchase of this book or money returned after the buyer has read it and feels that it is not worth the money. The publisher has sold more than 20,000 copies under his guarantee and has never had a book returned. t,H Single copy, post paid, $1.25. Ten copies to one address (purchaser to pay express from warehouse) $1.00 each, and a free copy for the sender or for the Public Library, as he may see fit. Address: The International School of Social Economy Box 15, R R. I, BERKELEY. CALIFORNIA \ r · - ____.. ,_ { \ ·' I ---- �/ The Internationalist Will Pay You Good Money fJJ We want you to act as Subscription Agent for the . INTERNATIONALIST. This is the new nal'(le of the "Western Comrade," the change being inade with this issue. fJj THE INTERNATIONALIST will better describe the broadening field the magazine is covering. In the events of today, the changing of nations almost over night, and the focusing of the attention of all on the great world drama, there are underlying causes and thought-currents that invite and are securing the attention of thoughtful readers. fJJ In America today there is no genuinely radical magazine that is superior in the material carried to the INTERNA• TIONALIST. It deserves a place in the home of any thoughtful family. fJJ We want you as agent, and we are willing to pay you a more liberal commission than is paid by any other publication in the United States. The new rates go into effect at once. Only those who send fQr subscription cards are privileged to benefit by these rates. fJJ The regular subscription price of THE INTERNATIONALIST is $1.00. Those who purchase subscription cards in lots of five or more will be given the following attractive rates: 6 INTERNATIONALIST Cards for $3.60 10 INTERNATIONALIST Cards for $5 .00 fJJ This plan gives you a profit of $2.40 on 6 subs; of $5.00 on 10 subs. fJJ You can earn good money taking subscriptions. Begin at once. Send today for cards and be first in your neighborhood. THE I INTERNATIONALIST Stables, I Louisiana I I �( -· • Own a Plantation Near the Colony T HE COLONY has made arrangements to sell small plantations to those who prefer individual ownership of land. Now the opportunity is opened for the first time that so many have written about to own land near the Colony, and to enjoy many of the advantages of co-operation. Land is going up rapidly. It has gone up since the colony located here. In many instances it has doubled. Never again will land be low in price here. The advantages in the Highlands of Western Louisiana are too great to long be passed by. The land we are offering for sale is productive. Prices range from $15 to $50, according to the quality and character of the land and other essential points. Most of it is for cash sales only, though there is some that will be sold on time. While we do not advocate purchasing as a speculation, yet no region in the country offers such promise to profit by the rise in prices. Values are bounding upward. Those seeking homes will be interested. Building materials are low in price. Equipment is not costly. This land will be sold in tr~cts to suit. Those wishing it should write immediately, stating the sort of land desired, the price in cash they a re able to pay, the number of acres, and such other information as will enable us to write you definitely in reply. The choicest of this land will go rapidly. Now is the .time to plan for a home in the South. Address letters inquiring about land to the Uano Land Bureau STABLES, LOUIS IANA AGENTS WANTED: A Good Proposition to Trustworthy Agents. Write TODAY ( '• I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Internationalist, 1918-05 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Description An account of the resource Formerly Western Comrade Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918-05 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Western Comrade Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-TheInternationalist_v06n01_191805 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v06n01 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. The Internationalist https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/da27cc5525348c2c14bf4fd8344e31ab.pdf f721ea4a1d7b06b223ff436742f3df7a PDF Text Text "'"' •• ~ -r * ~ .., . I ..., ~· ®§ ce ~ ~< <» ~ >"- (;111 I ~~ j;l)::l :x~c:a i:-'P p... \\)\1/ 0.:~ ~J < ~ t• Price Ten Cents March-April, 1918 Peace and Its Meaning . by Uptor:t Sinclair The Menace of Militarism by · Norman Thomas Poverty and The Single Tax by SamueL Danziger . Boudin's War Analysis by Ida Crouch -- Hazlett Socialism Triumpha~t by R. A. Editorials The Most Constructive Dague by Job Magazine Harriman for Socialism In �Your Gateway to Freedom LLANO'S 16,000 ACRE PLANTATION IN THE HIGHLANDS OF WESTERN LOUISIANA I T , ed as rapidly as possible. 16,000 FERTILE ACRES With a complete understanding of the needs of agricultural production, every ava;lable man is put on the farm. This work takes precedence over all else. very avenue of waste is being closed as fast as discovered. Elimination of useless work and reduction of only partly necessary tasks is insisted on. The aim of the Colony is not only to support itself the very first year, but to have arl ample ·margin left over. This will take careful and systematic planning. Through this care and foresight, the new Colony will be able to take care of all of its residentJ, including increase. Housing is simplified by the number of houses acquired with the property. After a nation-wide se.rch, it was finally decided to purchase 16,000 acres in the healthful highlands of Vernon Parish in Western Louisiana, at Stables, one mile frmn Leesville, the parish seat of Vernon Parish, Thi• is abou t IS miles from the Sabine river, about 40 mile• from the Red river, (both navigable), forty miles from Alexandria, I 00 miles from Shreveport, and about 200 miles from New Orleans. The hi ghlands of this district are fertile, high, well-d rained, health- Because the new property is on the railroad, the hauling of goods and materials is much simplif1ed . . Lumber for '~atever building is now requ ired is found in abundance on the property, ~ven without touching the timber that is growing there. Cars may be unloaded on the platform of the Colony's warehouse. HE Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony was 'j'Stablished at Llano, Los Angeles Coun ty, California, in May, 1914. It attracted attention throughout the country· because of the calibre of the men who were .conducting it. Hundreds joined the colony and during the three years hundreds of acres of Nchards and alfalfa were planted, a community ga rden was grown, and many industries were established, From the first, the intention was to form other colonies, extending the work as rapidly as possible. The first ex tension has been organized. ful. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES There are no swamps, no malaria, no mosquitoes, no fevers more than arc found in other states. Heaith reports show th at this portion of Louisiana can compare favorably with any other section of the United States. There is an ab undance of drinking water of excellent quality. A most careful investigation was made regarding health conditions. Reports compiled by the Health Department of Louisiana were studied. Inh abitan ts of this district were interviewed. All agreed on the healthfuln ess of this portion of the State, and those who have heard diScouraging reports from Louisiana are invited to make fu rther and more care ful inves tlga tion before arriving at conclusions. The huge tract lies southwest of Leesville and ha~ had most of the timber cu t off. Remainin g along the creeks,however, are sca ttered pines of the long leaf variety to supply the Colony with buildin g material for many years .to come. About 1200 acres of hardwood timber worth many thousands of dollars are also on the land and offer opportunities for the es tabli shing of many industries. The timber is, beech, magnoli a, whit e oak. cypress, walnut, post oak, red oak, sweet gum, and hickory. The trees are splendid ones, aml this body of timber is not to be surpassed in quality. A TOWN CAME WITH IT When the purchase was first contemplated, and it was finally decided to buy the 16,000 acres near Leesville, it was found that the lumber hamlet of Stables stood on the property. This was acquired wi th the land. A hotel of 18 rooms, 27 habi table houses. I 00 other small houses, one shed- 130x300 feet, one shed 130x200 feet, one shed . 80x I 00 feet, one store 30x90, one office 40x50, eight other sheds and structures. The lumber in these buildings. together with other lumber on the place, amounts to about 2 million feet. Tics for a railroad ex tend across the land. A concrete power house and 5 concrete drying kilns ( cos t to erect them, $12.000) each kiln about 20x70 by 20 feet high, a re also included. Stables is on the main line of the Kansas City Southern Railroad. This town will be occupied for a while, but later a more systematically laid out town will be built. WHAT CAN BE PRODUCED ~ This is the first question asked. A careful investigation has been made. No chances of mistake were taken. It is found that a great variety of products do well here. Peaunts, sweet potatoes, melons . of all kinds, corn, cotton, and sugar cane, will be the best producers •nd the best income-bringers. Vegetables of all kinds do well, and · · will yield great return s. This region is not sufficiently well for fruit to make detailed statements possible, but from a sources of undoubted reliability, assurance is given that prunes, cherries, and similar fruits can be profitably Cattle and sheep and goats can find forage during nearly the year, while the raising of hogs is profitable because of the abunof corn that may be grown here. PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT comes first. The Colonj• thoroughly realizes the responsthe necessities put upon it. Efficiency is insisted on, and week foremen are required to attend efficiency classes . The workers are also given instruction. Records are kept showof time, achievemen t, resuhs, !:'I)Sts. organization being perfected. There is a systematic and Land is b<ing cleared and plow- -- . COLONY INDUSTRIES The establshmen t of industries goes forward as . rapidly as this can be achieved. These arc at present secondary to food production. Land must be cleared, plowed, fenced, tilled. Later industries will be given attention. At presel\t the hotel, dairy, printing department; livestock, etc .. are the indu stries. Some machinery is on the ground which has not been se t up and will not be until circumstances justify. HOW TO BECOME A MEMBER The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony is organized as a stock company in order to secure the protection of the law to the fullest extent. Each member purchases two thousand shares at the par value of $1 a sha re. One -thousand is to be paid in cash or equivalent before ' the member becomes a resident of the colony. This fu rnishes the capital fo r financi ng until the colony lands are producing. The remaining thousand shares is worked out at the rat e of $1 a day credited on stock. In addition the member is paid a small cash wage, and credi ted with a bonus which brings the total ·amount to $4 a day. Each member is furnished with a place to live and is guaranteed s teady employment . There is also the Instalment Member plan by which those who cannot make payments in fu ll at once may take out a membership on which they may pay $10 or more each month. Those interested in this plan arc invited to write specially concerning it. A change in the initi al payments of memberships is soon to be made. Other changes are contemplat ed. and the statements herein made concerning memberships may not be in force after May I. 191 8. AGENTS WANTED Trustworthy agent s are desired in different communities, and those who can furnish first -rate references are invited to correspond with the Membership Department concerning becoming our representative. LAND FOR SALE Many have inquired about buying land. The Llano Land Bureau will offer land close to the Colony for sale a t reasonable prices and on reasonable terms. FOR MORE INFORMATION More detailed infonn'ation is"· given in the " Ga teway to Freedom" which outlines the idta of co-operative coloniza tion, the reasons for it, and what i• hoped may be achieved, together wi th the methods to be used. The folder " Llano's Plantation in the Highlands of Louisiana" goes into more detail concerning the new 16,000 acre tract. The new colony in Loui, iana can support a population of perhaps several thousand person, . It offers wonderful opportunitie• to all who join. You are invited to write to the Membership Department for full information abo ut ar.y point not made clear, and answers to questions you ask. Address Membership Department LLANO DEL RIO COLONY Stables, Louisiana �·.\ Pol t i c a l - Action. Co-operatioD Socialiim The Western Comrade "The Most Constructive Magazine for Socialism ill America." Entered as second-class matter November 4th, 1916. at the postoflice at Uano, Cal., under Act of March 3, 1679. ·Application for entry as sc!cond,,class matter at the postoflice at Leesville, La., pending. JOB HARRIMAN... _,_____Mana,U.c Editor ALANSON SESSIONS~------Auociate Editor ERNEST S. WOOSTER....Basiaeu Manacer Subscription Rate-75c a year; Canada $1; · Siagle copies IOc;; ~lubs of 4 or more (ia U.S.) 50c. Combination with Uano Coloniat.'$1. Publishers and others are invited to copy at will from the WESTERN COMRADE. but are asked to give credit. In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing department may be certain that the right name is changed. Please do not send subscriptions, changes of address, complaints, etc., to individuals. Address All. communications to the Uano Pnblications, Stables, La. This paper will not assume responsibility unless this rule is followed. • The Western Comrade neither approves nor disapproves the sentiments expressed in contributions not signed by one of the editors. Vol. V. LEESVILLE, LJ\., MARCH -APRIL, 1918. No. 11-12. By Job Harriman E VERY political contingency depends upon the con· ditions prevailing at th~ hour the policy is adopted. Lenine insists upon peace at all cost. He thinks life is dearer than property or territory. He hates such peace as reigned at Warsaw. He prefers peace that leads to the living, to war that leads to the dead. He knows that in this day of reading men cannot ldng l ~ he,ld in subjection. He knows that peace will bring ,.reater rewards to living Russia than -any war can bt ing to her dead. He knows that an intelligent peaceful man is more honorable than any brute that ever lived, however pO,werful. He knows that this war is worthy only of the disgust of thoughtful men, and he refuses to enter the mire. He knows that compuls~ry military training is the open sesame to a still it10re terrible war . . He knows that Russia will not fight. He know_s that pacifism is right. - --o--- A LMOST all the conservative .papers are maligning President Wilson ostensibly because he has not performed the impossible, but in reality because he does not believe in compulsory military training. What is the impossible that he has not performed? He ' has not caused sufficient ships to be built to land sufficient -forces and munitions across the sea· to crush the Kaiser. Fighting such an enemy three thousand miles from one's seat of supplies is an impossible task and President Wilson should not be held entirely responsible for it.. Especially should we sympathize with him when we see .• him being condemned by the very element that opposed his election and ' forced this government into the war. Now we are in and n~w the same element is still against this government on one vital point. ' Secretary Baker" is opposed to · compulsory military trammg. Up to this point he speaks the sentiment of President Wilson. The capitalist papers of this country are practic·ally all in favor of compulsory military trainmg. This is the real issue, and let none forget it. Whatever may ·be the popular sentiment concerning this war, at least one thing is . sure: every loyal American citizen should stand solidly against compulsory ·· military tr~ining. ' It is'. upon this rock that the Kaiser has built his kingdoni.· It is upon this rock that capitalism hopes to build its government. Compulsory military training is the devil's gateway to hell! A LL EUR,O PE is il) a tremendous civil turmoil. The Labor movement of England Is laying hold of the powers of government. Already it has put forth the most constructive and far-reaching proclamation ever issued by any body of living men. It is blazing the pathway for all modern civilization. The labor movement of the wo~ltl is accepting it as its own. . Everywhere, all over the world, labor is recoiling from the war. �.,. , . - - -----,-. - , \ -------, ,-- ... ·.... I l I The Page four Western Comrade r~C?.07~~~(z;ezl'(I<3~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ fJ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ fJ ~ ~ MASSES of human . beings will not change their colfrse either becaus~ of pain or reason. The prevailing institutions impress themselves so indelibly upon: and weave themselves so intricately into, the mass psychology, that the ast majority of mankind ' accepts those institutions. without question, and acts on blind impulse in line with them. Reason unifies only the few, while it develops num- . berless isms· among the many. While 4nder the complex and heterogeneous influences of a vast industrial and co.n~ercial system, it is impossible for the public mind to visualize, or unify upon, any undeveloped system. One answerable reason for this fact is that no un-· tried system can be forecasted with sufficient detail to be practicable. Just ahead are unforeseen mountaii)S and chasms, pitfalls and precipices, forming sufficient obstacles to require new and other adaptabilities. In the forecast, some see one, some ano'ther obstacle, all weaving themselves into an entangled web, from which the psychology of the mass cannot be extricated. Is there, then, no hope? No hope without suffering? No reorganization without pain and distress ? Reorganization of the masses without thought on the part of the masses seems an impossible contradiction, and yet this is precisely what always takes place and what is taking place in the world at this hour. A world famine, vampire-like, is creeping stealthily over the earth. Whereve1 its deadening blight reaches the masses of any people, it unifies them: · It does not unify their thought, but it does unify their action. . Create certain t onditions, and a herd of cattle, without thought, will stampede in a given direction. Create a certain condition about human beings-1et that condition be hunger, and they will all stampede in the same direction, with one purpose, and without thought. Whatsoever institution is adequate to provide food while the stampede is on will be the institution th.a t will hold and shape the destiny of the stampeding force, in conformity with such institution. Thus new social organisms are born, and new industrial systems are formed without thought on the part of the masses. • -o-- ·SOCIAL revolutions and their development are substantially like the development and the hatching of the fetus. The forces impelling them move blindly and . by 1mpulse rather than by11 rational calculation. f THE ~or~l standards : of humanity vary with the character of its ec.onomic institutions. When these institutions are subjects of conquest, the easiest way to gain an existence, however heartless ,and brutal. even though it ravishes the tender lives of children, will be legaliz~d and supported by judges, priests and iaymen. In terms of "justice," "equ'ity" and "law," the judges will understand; in terms of "God's Will," the priests will' explain; in terms of wealth and .power the laymen will act; and in points of advantage the vast majority will live and have its being. Dark and gloomy as is this l~galized m~ral debauchery, fn the midst of it all there are those who always give more than they receive-yet the streams of the'lr Jives flow ever fuller and sweeter. · They give their best thought and reap a harvest of growth. · They give their strength to help the weak and reap a thrill of k~enest joy. They think in terms . of love and affection and are rewarded with increasing health. They weep and mourn for the weak and weary and their very despair ripens into hope, and hope into profound happiness. Their lives are shining lights in a be~ighted w~rld. Follow them, and though the path seems thorny, it will be of roses. D EMOCRACY means CONTROL BY THE PEOPLE. by the use of such measures as the initiative, the referendum, and the recall. It does NOT mean MANAGEMENT by the people. The MANAGEMENT of a political or industrial enterprise must be performed by a competent EXECUTIVE, with the aid of competent SUBORDINATES selected. by him. Management by. the people means that ALL . the people pass upon ALL the. details of an enterprise. This is impossible because conflicting opinions of the different people prevent an early and satisfactory deCision on any matter. This does not mean that only one perso~ is capable of so managing ; it simply means that only one person at a time is capable of efficiently effecting a plan. It is not a question of intelligence; it is a question of expedition-of efficiency. As long as the people have the CONTROL, they need not fear autocracy on the part of the executiv~. At any time that his inefficiency or corruption of management necessitates his dismissal, the people have the power to recall him. ( \ \ \ \ I I. :·\ -~- �)~ , The Western Comrade - - '- T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ § ~ ~ § ~ ~ § ~ ~ Q ~ C'J ~ ~ ~ HE . Republi~n U~ite~ States Senators -voted aga1o11st grant!_jlg authonty to President Wilson to take legal title to the- German steamship piers at Hoboken, New Jersey. These doughty, treasonabl~;. ,Senators had .rather that German big -business should o~n such sources of wealth than that the people of this country shall own tli~m. They feated that it would lead to public ownership of water transportation and for this reason · they said they refused to vote such authority. The people are paying for our new ships. They are financing them during the war and sustaining all losses. Why should they not own and operate them after the wa r and- receive all benefits? There is one reason and th.a t is that big business in this country used these senators for the purpose of preventing such so urces of wealth and power hom passing from their grasp. We have often said, and now repeat, that the patriolism of big business ends when its profits end. Here is a case where these senators became traitors to this country and allies to the Central Powers, simply for the money there is in it. The President should be supported in this step. Every senator that voted against th at measure should be hurled from power for his diabolical treason and treachery. If it is treason to betray this government to the enemy, it is certainly high-treason to betray the people who make this government possible.- [§ ~~Q ~ B~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Page made to· believe untrue ~ things. It will not occur to those who do not carefully analyze, that the reported fail';lre of a colony is being given undue prominence. But the colony has not failed. It stands today invincible because its members are firmly . determined to ma~e it succeed. _ Greater shocks have been withstood in the past and Lla~'s wealth · is the strength of its members, and the tes~ed band who are pushing forward - dauntlessly will not give up. The plots of self::Seekers, the sneers of enemies, the hard circumstanc~s imposed by Nature are not enough to make these _pioneers giye up. The Llano Colonists are in the organization for a principle._· - They will not turn back on the path they have elected to tread. They foresaw that dissension would be sowed if possible, that their credit would be undermined when the oppor!unity offered, that the capitalistic press would herald their misfortunes but would never chronicle a success. - They looked cleareyed into · the future then and th;y look into it now. They have given up good positions, security, and ease for a principle. · It will take more than the obstacles imposed by an unfair press to deter them. Today the colonists at Stables, Louisiana, are calling on their friends throughout the nation to stand firmly by them, not to be misled by the tales fhat are told, not to falter. The gibes and sneers, the downright falsehoods, the insinuations that are spread-these· are circulated for a purpose. There is a menace in the • triu'mph of co-operation, a menace thaf every capitalist tshet~ss - - o- more Jlartt' c- . maenndaciet. ts worth their while to a tempt to stifle ROM all portions of the country, and ularly from the West, have come press ciippings If you are a friend of the Colony, now is the time to and editorials which tell of the "failure of a Socialistic show it in as substantial manner as you can. Now is colony." the time fen actions, for deeds, for adherence to a purThis is not a conspiracy; perhaps; but m-erely the re- _ pose and a principle. If you are truly. a friend of the printing of news which came from a common source. Colony, show it today. Learned editorials have been written on the failure of The Llano Colony is going on. It is making greater co-operation. These are sometimes set alongside a preparations than ever before, and greater progress, . column of matter urging greater co-operation. The in- Your help is asked for the -good of a cause. ,If you are congruity of it passes unnoticed. willing to do your part, do it NOW! Circulate this For four years the press-has hammered the Llano del magazine widely and help us to get the truth before Rio Co-operative Colony. Persons believed . to be the people. / spies have worked from within. Others, urged by the F r-J 1 ~ ~::£~;~::~~~·E:~::;:;:~~::;::::~i:.~:~ R~:;.:'re,::·~,:":; ::;;:,w:;" ;,:~,:,m::~,;i~:,:' ~ shall be no more explc profits of the profiteer/ !;:) the workers of Engle: of the democratic f,s. a .ne ;an ~~DrLJm~llDZJ~..a:JDJ"tJr;ezznD»llDJ"tJTZZZJr:$tJY22::Z1l0/}2.~21 '11.12'2 ~· ~ stones have been left unturned that might work mJury to the Colony. The iatest attacks have been swift and hard. Timid persons are being frightened. Impatient people are being made discouraged. Unthinking perso.ns 'are being point of population. "There ation, nor more dyin~ for the That, too, is the message of of the workers of Germany, of France and Italy. __ 1, .' �The Page six W.estern Comrade A.s Others See Us "LLANO stands ·for a ba~d of hardy pioneer.s who are ing remodeled into an industrial building to shelter a . number ready to .battle with the elements, delighting in hard- of colony industries such as blacksmith shop, machine · shop, ships in the knowledge that they are leading the way planing mill, and othe~s as they are required. This structo a better, cleaner life. Tell the comrades not to talk about ture is 300 feet long and 130 feet wide. The warehouse the outside world as if they were an exclusive set. They are nearest the railroad houses the colony print shop. Offices · the center upon which we who are i~ the maelstrom of cap- have been built adjoining the printshop in which are the italism depend to prove the application of co-operative prin- membership dep'a rtment and the real estate bureau. "I was' commissioned by a . number of comrade.s from the ciples. Tell them that the workers on the outside are losing out. I tell you, comrades, the crust of capitalism is we"ii.r:ng north to examine the soil and to make inquiries concerning very thin. Already there is a flux on the labor market. · . · . its productivity. I made investigation among · nearby tarmers . Stick to it. There never was a movement of such vital im- · who have been there for many years. I learned from them portance to the workers as the Colony. Now is the' app.o inted that the land is good. These men have raised large families time. Measure up to your responsibilities, for they are and I was surprised at the show of thrift, which is above the usual average of the South. These farmers told m~ that their great." This is an excerpt from a letter written by a member who gardens produce for them every month of the year. They has been away for about a year. He left us without malice, especially mentioned the fact that chickens and poultry have but with some dissatisfaction with colony life . . The call of returned them good cash benefits during the past few years. .. , was pleasantly surprised at the work done on the planthe outside became once more strong within him, and its harassments dimmed in his mind. He forgot, in a measure, tation. Clearing, plowing, arid fencing have gone steadily the annoyances and unpleasa nt things. Others have' do~e the forward. In five days posts wer.e -set for four miles of fence. "The land is slightly rolling. This . is the highest region of same. His is but one of many such letters received from those who have for one reason or another been compelled to Louisiana, and is known as the Highlands, even though the leave the Colony. Community life where there are no con- highest point is only a few hundred feet above sea level. flicting private interests is a pleasant life, and though many However, this elevation is sufficient to make this an extremecome who bring with them the worries of the place they have ly healthful region. This point is of supreme importance to left, and take on cares that are wholly unnecessary, yet none persons expecting to make the colony their home. "The colony has a tract of almost 20,000 acres. It is can gainsay the advantages of living in the Colony. How the Colony impresses the visitor who comes to ap- covered with . brush in some places and stumps over the most praise, to criticise in a fair manner ,and to go out expecting of it, though. there is quite an acreage of good timber land. to advise those who ask questions is well presented in the re- The principal crops to be grown are sweet potatoes, peanuts, port that Walter Huggins made of his February visit to t'he melons, corn, and cotton, with garden truck. The premium Llano Colony in Louisiana. Comrade Walter Huggins ·is crops are melons, peanuts, and sweet potatoes. The yield known to every co-operative association within a radius of is almost incredibly large. There are vast possibilities for many miles of Chicago, and his home at 936 Le Clare Av- fruit growing, particularly in fig production. Rice produces well enough to pay to grow it. Ribbon cane brings good 1 enue, Chicago, is visited by scores of co-operators in quest ot \ advice. His interest in co-operative colonization was demon- profits. Oats, tobacco, velvet beans, and virtually all vege. \ strated first by his visit to Llano, California, nearly two years tables yield satisfactorily. Velvet beans, especially, thrive in Iago. His thirty-six years of experience gives his views the a manner beyond belief. It is a standard stock feed and soil iauthority of the expert in co-operative enterprises. Walter builder in the ·south. "One of the things that particularly impressed me was the uggins writes: "I believe that the u'ano Plantation in the Highlands of character of meals served at the hotel. The price, when I was there, was 12!/zc. They have been lower, but it is un~estern Louisiana i~ one of the g_reatest things ever .attempt1J:>y .a~y co-operallve, and certau_1ly the greatest ariy .g.roup likely that the price will go higher. The meals are substantial, . ~c1ahsts ever attempted. I arnved at Stables, Loms1ana, the quantity is sufficient, and the preparation of the food . l1ary 23 and stepped off the train directly on the Colony makes it palatable. Ribbon cane, which could not be bought rty. The weather was warm and pleasant. When I left in Chicago markets a t any price when I left there, is served ,.go the streets at~d alleys were covered to a depth of each meal, ·except on sweetless days. One of the greatest , four feet with snow, and had been for many weeks. prospects the colony has is in the production of ribbon cane g my st~ at the Llano Plantation I went without my syrup for the northern markets. "One of the colonists, who does not live at the hotel, told \ Peach trees were in blossom and the ground was green young grass. New leaves were putting out on the trees me his meals cost him 8Vz cents each. He lives well and \e surrounding forests. believes meals will cost less when the garden stuff begins to hen I stepped from the train I saw a large warehouse, come in, whi~h will be in Ma rch. I also understood that it l railroad switch, an office building, and a store, with ·was quite likely that meals would be reduced at the hotel at that time to ten cents. ~ ther buildings not far off. I asked whose they were, "On Sunday, February 24, I stood in my shirt sleeves in the "S surprised to learn that these buildings were a part ot \ -.y property. The commissary was fairly ·well stocked open air in front 'of the colony hotel and addressed a large oubt it will not be long before a big stock of articles audience of colonists. I was told I could have done that · a country store will be on the shelves. There same thing a month previous. I sat up till two o'clock on for a large trade with nearby neighbors. Saturday night (or Sunday morning) without a fire. We sat sold on a cost basis to colonists; outsiders must with our coats off. Coming from Chicago where the thermometer had been hovering close to zero for many weeks, this the railroad about 200 yards and west of the was very pleasant to me. "Co-operatives are not new to me and I went thoroughly station, is another great building. This is beI " __.. . . _ \ .,... I • \,. .. ~-- , .. ~, �... The We s tern Comrade into the plans of the Llano Plantation. I find that a system of cost-accounting is in operation that fixes the pri'ces of all inter-departmental work; _and also fixes- the prices of meals and services and commodities. Colonists are being paid. a smali wage. This is not large, but ample within the colony to sustain the workers. Children are paid on an eight-hour l;>asis, permitting . them to earn an education, the hours of pay including school , time. They must come up to certain standards to be entitled to this wage. As soon as possible they will commence to prepare meals in their· own clubhouse. "The prospects for raising livestock are limitless. Feed is abundant durii1g most of the year. Corn and hay are cheaply grown. Garden _truck thrives and because of_ the long growing season will cut down living expense wond~r­ fully. Producing its own meat and vegetables, as well as many other foods and food-products, the colony should be · able to sustain its population with a minimum of outside purchases. "Industries will be established, no doubt, as rapidly as circumstat~ces permit. and conditions justify. A cotton gin will be profitable. A small cane -mill, a small grist mill, and other minor industries will take care of the colony needs. There is now a small hand laundry. Later machinery will be ihstalled and outside business· solicited. There is a splendid opportunity for the dairy. Abundant standing timber ;or colony uses suggests the manufacture of many articles; 1200 acres of hardwood timber are believed to be profitable ror sawmg. "I cannot sum up what I saw and what I learned in a few words, but I can sum up my impression and the result of my investigation. I believe the Llano Plantation has magnificent opportunities, and it is my advice to every genuine cooperator and socialist to investigate it and to get in touch with the membership department for additional information with a view to becomii1g a member of the Llano community and enjoying the many advantages of co-operation at the Llano Plantation." These are only a few of the good things that Walter Huggins had to say about us. He spent several days a~c!_ was not idle a moment of the time he was on the Plantatwn . He came to get info-rmation along certain definite lines and he went away well pleased with his visit. It will take time to eradicate f rom the minds of the multitude, the many mistaken ideas they have regarding. health conditions in Western Louisiana and their erroneous Impressions about the climate. But those who cam·e from California are enthusiastic in their praise of the climate of Western Louisiana. Those who have lived in Central and Southern California for twenty ·years, or even more, are delighted with weather a'nd health conditions at the Llano Plantation. Those interested in the progress of the Llano Plantation write in asking for the latest information . Having told about the size and physical condition of the plantation, about the plans, the clima te, the weather, the housing, the people, there is little left to tell until something new occurs. Progress only can be reported. Fencing, plowing. cleari'ng, planting-all of thes~ have already been told of in considerable detail. WILL THE COLONY SELL LAND? This questioi:l has been coming in for four_ y<;ars. Up to the present ti!lle the answer has been· NO, without qualification. NOW the answer is YES. The Colony is now -able to sell land to those who wish to be among us but not of us. hose who buy land will be enabled to enjoy many of the advantages · of the Colony, though not all of them. They will not Page seven . be permitted to live in the Colony city, nor will they have the privileges that those do who a,re wiHing to move into the l:olony and work .for the Colony and with the Colony for the benefit of the entire Colony. , _ · Those who wish to buy land ·may do so. It will be offered them on _as easy terms as the Colony is able to make. They will be given the opportunity to buy where they may as- . sociate with 'the Colony. This is a new departure from the policy that has been . adhered to in the past. It does not, however, mean · any change in plans. The _development ·of the Colony . will ~o•_ ahead as originally planned, with perha~ some modificati~ns in details, but none in the general plan. There will be the city, with the collective farming of a great tract, and the development of industries. The new departure of land selling is made possible by conditions that were not present when the -colony was established in California. A Land Bureau has been established in connection with the membership depa~tment. It will ·ba1tclle ·land sales. It will also list land for sale, the farm~ and homes of those living in different parts of the. count;y ~ho wish to com<; into the Colony. As the development of the enterprise go-es ahead, it is quile likely that memberships may be ~dvanced. _This · is already contemplated, in fact. In the estimation · of those who have been longest with the· Colony it is in a better position today in every respect than · before. Though it has before it a long period of pioneer work, yet it will reap results more rapidly than ever before and its position is more secure in every way. The Colony is . nearing its fourth birthday, and it is expected that on May First announcements · can be made that w.ill surprise even the most optimistic. A WORD ABOUT LLANO, CALIFORNIA The capitalistic press, ever ready to record anything detrimental to socialism or co-operation, has recently been re-.porting most gleefully what it terms "the failure of communism." This refers to Llano, Ialifornia. It took the press four months to learn that the colonists had · decid1;d to migrate to Louisiana. The plain statement of facts-that the Louisiana property offers prospect of more rapid deveiop. ment, that the California property is suited almost exclusiveiy to fruit growing and therefore will require but a small number of persons- does not interest the press. The colony land in California will be developed to fruit . as first pianned. About 9000 trees wifl be planted this year . . They are now being put into the ground. The water situation looks more promising than it did two· months ago. California was threatened with a dry year, but since the first of February there has been enough rain to bring the total up to 'the annual average, or even beyond it. The mountains are cevered with snow. As has been prev'ously stated, only a few people will be required to carry on the development work of the Calitorma colony. The necessity of food production brought about by the war has changed plans everywhere, and the colony is no exception. In Louisiana . food can . be produced abundantly. The crops are annual crops. But to produce pears means to spend several years bringing trees into bearing. · Letters a re received complaining that there is little said about the California colony. In the light of the above facts. it is easily seen that there is little to say, for with only a comparatively few persons there and just the general routine of ranch work being done, nothing of ·special interest can be reported. • �Page eight The Western Comrade The Story of American Socialism By Lio~olo Phifer, Editor "The New World." Chapter I. THE WHY OF 'fHIN GS WHAT WAS "IN" THE OISCOVERY OF AMERICA? T world. The idea ~ad forced itself into recognition, because it was wrapped up m the commercial idea. The -~hole h_istory of .the past five centuries is a story of tli~ ?~velop)ng soqal consciOusness making demands on the privIhged, and of the struggle of privilege to maintain itself. Often the fight was long and bitter; but the people have always won. qne ?f ~he first manifestations of the commercial idea, operatmg. mdiVIdually for the benefit of the privileged, was license to piTacy. One of the first acts of the American government · was to openly combat pi·rcay and pJ.!t an end to it forever. Throughout the ages the privileged ~ad imprisoned the unfortunate_ for debt. Jesus makes allusion to the practice in one of h1s parables. Charles Dickens, well in the nineteenth century, wrote about it. But the awakening social consciousness put a stop to the outrage. Walter Scott shows that at one time the court was a private· institution, and the owner-judge employed the ordeal as a means of determining guilt. The early American colonies had private judges; but in the course of time the public or partly socialized judge superceded them completely. There was a time, even under the United States government, when white people were held as "indentured servants" or slaves during specified periods, being subject to fugitive slav.e laws and imprisonment and beating for offenses against their masters; but the growing social consciousness ended that ·in the -early days of the republic. In colonial days the American worker was required to labor twelve or fourteen hours a day. The growing social consciousness fought this through bitter years until the ten hour day came, and then the eight. All these struggles were, on the one side, for the breaking of bond 9n the worker, and, on the other, for the rete~tion of special privilege. They were waged in America and Europe almost simultaneously- but in America as truly as in Europe. We are not accustomed to think of them as socialist fights, and, according to dogmatic definitions, they were not; yet all of them were for further popular liberty and therefore were social in nature, and all were closely related, leading in an unbroken chain down to the demand for scientific socialism. We err when we isolate in our minds these fights as separate things, or imagine . them to be peculiar ·to one country and having no place in another country. The commercial thought made the world one ; and the social element in the commercial idea .precipitated all these struggles.. HE DISCOVERY of America was cataclysmic in· its results. It was as though a literal new world ·had· been· dumped on the knowledge of Europeans. ·It gave them new ideas. It sent them forth on adventure bent. First, the nobles came. They abandoned their feudal holdings or sold them to the serfs in order to get money to come. This created m_a ny so-called. "free cities" in Europe- cities that till this day pay their way from the cultivation of lands which they own as cities-a thing that has been heralded as being socialization in action . The new ideas that the discovery of America gave to an awakened people were manifested in many ways. In religion they led to the Reformation; in art to 'the Rw-tai'ssance ;_ in politics to the Magna Charta in England and a brea king up of the 'feudal system over aii.._Europe; in literature to the printing press. The one thing that stands out, however, is that it brought an age of commercialism. Exploitation meant that. Trading in furs meant that. The search for gold meantflnrt:" It is "in" commerce to find thin gs, to _put people into trade relationship to each other. Therefore, the commercial idea carries with it the social idea as well. It is perfectly logical that chattel slavery sho1,1ld have come as a means of promoting commerce; logical that piracy should appear in the struggle to determine which of the nations should lead in commerce; logical that steam should come as a means of promoting commerce; logical that all the machinery which has marked the centuries since the discovery of America should be invented as aids to commerce; and it is equally logical that the revolutionary war should be fou ght in order to f~rward the expression of the common people; that the French revolution should have succeeded it; that the colony movement should have developed; that tpe struggle of labor for better working conditions should have been precipitated; and that socialism should have appeared both as theories and movements. They were all natural outgrowths of the development of the idea that was invol ved in the discovery of America. The constitution adopted by the new republic was, as Woodrow Wilson .points out, anything but democratic in nature. It -~s modeled after the private government that had been in Ch(l.pter II. vogue in Virginia when ' the lords-proprietors ruled. Then, the THE COLONIZING MOVEMENT CAME . WHY owning company appointed the presiding officer and selected the upper house and the judges, the colonists having only the The discovery of America meant the opening of a tremenelection of the lower house, with a veto placed on its acts by dous tract of land to the peoples of Europe. But two centhe president, the upper house and the j~dges. It is easy to turies elapsed before there was a serious effort to use the land. trace the same genera~ thought in the new constitution. But, Then it was complacently given away by European kings and though the rising democracy was well under control, con- pontiffs to nobles and court favorites, as though it was their's ditions compelled the institution of socialization on the new to bestow, and as though none but the mighty deserved land. government. It ,was essential to the nation's very life that But we need not be st!rpised at this. It was a logical outthere be intercourse between the divergent sections. There- growth of the -feudal idea that had prevailed in Europe, a fore congress instituted, with the co sent of President Wash- system that was based primarily on the land. When these ington, a public mail service, and Benjamin Franklin was made lords and nobles undertook the settlement of America, they the first postmaster-general. Franklin, in his memoirs, shows brought \vorkers with th~m. but they did not give land to the how the private owners of roads helcf·up the mail service with workers. It required a revolt to gain land for them, both in tolls at frequent intervals, until he was forced to buy roads and Virginia and Massachusetts. And when they did get land, thus create the -first public or socialized roads in America. The it was three acres in one of the states and five in anothet; and, beginn~ng of socialization in America, therefore, was under beside, the worker had to give five days to the lords-pro- · Washington "and Franklin , in the postoffice and the roads- prietors in order to get one day in which he might cultivate which was the first socialization of any ki.nd in the modern his own land. _But the spirit of revolt grew. It finally cui- ' .r �The Western Comrade minated in the revolutionary war. After .it was won by Am~r­ ica, the possibility of going beyond-the Alleghenies and seizing Indian -land as their very own appealed to the workers, and the adventurous souls went forth, this time with the · sanction of the governmert't; for in getting land of their own they were pushing -the frontier further on and so strengthening the government. Everybody thought of land. It was the one hope of the workers of the world. There as sp much qf i~ in America that the vision of land for the occupying of it, spread over the known earth. They dreamed of it in Europe. They fancied that the spir.its wished to use lan~lessed land-'--as a means of freeing the toiler so long enslaved. It was the most natural thing in the world that coloniz.ation schemes should be organized at this time. and re-established their colonies oil "30,000 acres of land in Posey county, Indiana. Though at the starf'permitti~g marriage, later on celibacy becamethe rule, and the colony · ~ gan to fail. It ,was officially disolved in 1904, just a . century after its inception. It had in many respects been a success. A colony was established by Separatists from~ Germany under Joseph Baumeler, at Zoar, Ohi9, in 1817. At first they held property individually, but afterward went to the com:. munity syst~m._ At first they were celibacists, but after many years suits were entered to dissolve the ·community and divide· the property. There were several contests from 186ltOT8'9'8-; when the colony was finally dissolved by the courts. The Anna ~ociety was established- by The True Inspiration Society, coming from Germany, in 1842, by Christian Metz and Barbara Heynemann, on 18,000 acres of land in Iowa. Though not established with common property, this feature Chapter III soon came into existence. The communities still persist, with EARLY RELIGIOUS COLONIES five villages and a great deal of wealth. There is no poverty among the Amanians. Marriage is not prohibited, but it is While the ~ld colony movement did not embr~ce the de~ discouraged. mands of modern socialism, it is generally conceded that it Dr. Kiel, a German, estabiished two colonies, one in Shelby represents a feature of the development of the socialist move-,, county, Mo., and the other riear Portland, Ore., in 1844, and ment. It consisted of five waves, four _of which began 'in 1855. All things were held in common, though finally the Europe and swept to America. If you please to put it in land was .parcelled out to families. The community encouranother way, it represented five acts of a very romantic social aged family life. Dr. Kiel died in f877, and the communities play that was staged in the wilderness of America by European were dissolved in 1881. · peoples. America was selected for the experiments after careful consideration, because at that time there was so much cheap land that it was deemed easier to begin the reconstrucIt will be noticed that the religious colonies, the inspired tion of society on a more humane basis (and that was precisely movement.. while constituting only one act of the colony the purpose of the colony movement) in America than on any drama,' was a drama within itself, written in five great acts. other portion of the globe. It will also be remarked that, so far from making a failure, It may seem strange to some to be told that the beginning this movement persisted until very recent times·,- many comof the movement daimed to be under spirit direction; the com- munities being in existence even to this day. The people are mand, according to the claim, · coming to various persons: in prosperous, moral, reliable. They may have pecularities that more than one country, to thus begin the regeneration of so- remove them from free intercourse with their neighl>ors, but c .ety. If you choose to apply the rational view to it, it merely these very peculiarities have been in a way a protection from means that the movement began as an altruistic or religious the storms that have assailed many in the open ways of the impulse, which naturally preceded the intellectual or scientific world. development. Incidentally, it is worthy of note that fragments (To be continued in April number) of this movement remain .to this day, while other movements long since perished from the earth, as if to show that in the altruistic or religious - impulse lies the greater permanence. The experience of each of these movements constitutes a great poem of experiment and endeavor. By Charles -W. Eliot, President Emeritus, Harvard University ' Evils of Military .Training :t. Oldest of the religious communities are the Shakers. They were founded by Mother Ann Lee, an illiterate English woman, · who with a few followers fled to America in 1774 to escape persecution. Several communities were established, the membership at its greatest height reaching 5 ,000. The Shaker church (officially the Millenni1.1m church), included three classes of membership: The Novitate, who lived outside communities in private control of wealth, yet were members of the church; the Juniors, who lived in the communities ,with the privilege of holding private property and leaving colonies at will ; and the Seniors, who were strict communists and ultrareligious. Seniors of the Shakers do not marry, a provision that doubtless has· cont~ibuted_ toward reducing their numbers. They believe in spirit communion, and have published twenty or more volumes ·that were supposed to have been revealed from the spirit' world. The Harmony societies were founded by George Raifp and his followers in Pennsylvania about 1804. These people too were spiritualists, and claimed to-have. left Germany, after -enduring persecution for their beliefs, under direct spirit guidance. After awhi1e, they sold their Pennsylvania possessions ) My present opinion about military training for school boys is, first, that what is called military drill is not a good form ·. of physical exercise for boys between fourte•.n and eighteen; secondly, that the useful" part of such military drill as is" now given in a few private and public schools is the' "setting-up" drill, and that this "setting-up" drill ought to be given to every boy during his school life, but in the form of calisthenic exercises, having no military purpose in view; and thirdly, that training in the real work of a solider, that is, marching under a heavy / load, digging as rapidly as possible in the ground, and using effectively rifles, machine guns,- hand grenades, bayonets, short swords, heavy and light artillery, and motor vehicles, including aeroplanes, should not be be- ( gun before the twentieth year. : The Swiss, who know as well as any people in Europe how' to organize and maintain an effective army, do not begin rea' military training until .the twentieth year, except that the· encourage practice with the rifle for boys and young me organized into rifle clubs, ancl provided by the governme1 with ammunition and ranges . . For these reasons, I am opposed to military training school boys. ' -;. ;· i �•J _ --- _._, ~ -- .. Page len The Our Glass House Let us not forget that in the United States' / Two percent of the people own sixty percent of the national wealth. S1xty-five percent own less than five percent. There are forty-four families with incomes equal to the wages of 100,000 working~en: . 1 Farm tenantry Js mc reasmg and consequently landlordism is, also. Half of the wage-earning fathe;s get but $500 a year: Two-th~rds of adult male workers get less than $15 a week. Half of the wom~n workers get less than $6 a week. In basic industries workers are unemployed one-fifth of the time. Three or more persons occupy every sleeping room in thirty-seven percent of the worker's homes. : Thirty-seven percent of the wive·s ancl . mothers of ' workingmen are forced to work to help out the family income. Babies of the poor die three times as fast as those of the rich. Nearly twenty percent of the school children are underfed and undernourished. Poverty prevents two-thirds of the school children from going th rough the grammar school. Western Comrade off7r sufficient inducement i·n the one case as in the other. It ~~ no more ·the duty of one man to be a policeman or a• soldi~r than another; nor does it square with democtacy to requue all. men to become soldiers. For by the very act of compulsiOn, the foundation of liberty is undermined and free insti_tutic;ms_ will ha~ten to their end. Compulsory' military servtce ts mcompatJble with democracy. -STOUGHTON COOLEY. '£- '£- '£- . Ssh-! "A business man can stand up and afford to be a little bit · chesty, f~r at last_his pr?fessi?n has been glorified- the great est war m all htstory IS bemg fought largely for business reasons. For, after all has been said and then said over again, the ·fact remains that business expansion and trade . are really at the bottom of the whole business."-j. B. Powell, in October "judicious -Advertising:" -and that if we really want democracy in the world, we "judicious Advertising" should be 'suppressed for printing don't have to cross the water to begin establishin-g it.-A. S. such false statements. We challenge any of our readers to show one instance in history in -which nations engaged m war were not lighting for liberty and democracy.- A. S. No Compulsion '£- '£- '£- Abolish the Term "Huns" The great menace to democratic institutions in this country is not physical war, but the movement for compulsory military service. Democracy means, if it means anything in political life, the freedom of the individual. Government is justified only as it contributes toward the establishment of this right. If we wish to set up an autocracy, a plutocracy, or an oligarchy, compulsion will be an inevitable part; but if we are to continue the great American experiment of a government of, by, and for the people, individual freedom must be preserved. Though a majority in a democracy may vote war, it has no right to vote the minority into the army. If it be a just and necessary war there will be no lack of volunteers; if it be ul\.iust and unnecessary it should not be supported. And who in a democracy should decide for each individual whether he is to contribute his life to the war, his neighbors, or himself? The difference between a volunteer army and an army of conscripts lies in the fact that volunteers light when they wish; whereas, conscripts must light when their leaders wish. It marks the difference between a democracy and an autoc. racy. · A volunteer army will never · be used against free institutions. A conscript army begins by denying the prime essential to free institutions, individual liberty, and ends with the subjugation of all democracy. Let the government make such pn;paration for defense as the people, after full and fair discussion, may decide. Let it provide for such an army and navy as may be thought best. But let it be manned by volunteers. There is a natural impulse to serve one's country. In youth and early manhood there is a pronounced willingness to light. Such men will gladly take the necessary training for volunteer service if the army and navy be put on a rational basis. Our trouble has come from attempting to graft an autocratic practice 1 upon a democratic institution. Wipe out this relic of European privilege, humanize the military service by making all mlist as privates and work their way up, and there will soon the sympathy and efficiency that mark commercial William Hard is one of our most brilliant political writers. He is not a socialist. He is not a pacifist. As far as the war is concerned, he is a bitter-ender. Willam Hard recently proposed that the word "Traitor" be abolished. Let us also abolish the word "Huns". These two words best represent the intolerance and irrationality that accompany the war spirit. · To our own militarists the world, outside of themselves, is made up of two classes of people: Traitors and Huns. And yet, if loyalty to the broad ideals of President Wilson constitutes patriotism, those who sweepingly denounce the German people as savages are immeasurably more open to the charge of treason than the most fervent pacifist. No man has larger or more accurate sources of information from. which to draw than Presiden't Wilson. No man is in a better position that he to judge the truth or falsity of the htdeous charges that have been made against the German people . And yet, in all of the president's messages and speeches, there ts scarcely a reproach, and not a touch of bitterness, for the people of Germany. · . T~e president has insisted, again and again, that our light ts wtth the German government, and not with the German people; that our feeling toward the German people is one of sympathy, and even of friendship. Throughout all history, the ability of rulers to sow the seeds of suspicion and hatred among the plain people of the earth has kept the world in turmoil, and enabled them to work ·out their own sinister purposes. The sacrifices of this war will certainly be vain if the peace of the world is not made secure. And if peace is to be made secure, nothing is more important than that the peoples of the world regard each other, not as inveterate enemies, but as natural friends. -ALEC WATKINS. majority nor any number of citizens has any · more to compel a man to enter the army · than to force him a minister, or a merchant, or a chauffeur, or a policeThey may appeal to the citizen to become a soldier, may ask him to become a policeman; but they should Lincoln, Webster, Clay, Sumner- these famous Americans asserted that it was the right and patriotic duty of all American citizens to discuss the issues of war, to criticize the policies employed, and to work for the election of representatives opposed to prolonging war.-A. S. '£- '£- ¥- I �/ I .- ---- • ._.. ~··· • \ I j ..• Municipal Ownership -in The United States .,-- By Evans Clark · M UNICIPAL OWNERSHIP to many people means a peculiari.ty ~f German. "kultur" or Bri.tish h.~man nature wh1ch 1s as fore1gn to our Arqencan hfe as the invasion of neutral territory (or the1 c!urse of imperialism). "Of course," they will say, "it may work well in Germany, where the individual is just a cog in the machinery of' the state; hut we Americans won't stand for any such paternalism." As a matter of fact, there are in these United States literally thousands of cities, towns .and villages practising this form of collectivism every day in the year. Out of 195 cities with a population of 30,000 people, I SO own and operate their own water-supply business. There are no less tha-n I ,455 publicly owned and operated electric light and power plants, 125 gas works, some 20 asphalt paving plants, not to mention hundreds of isola ted examples of municipally owned and operated markets, docks, garages, heating pla nts, public halls, cemeteries, ferries and street railways. There is even a case on record of a municipal organ, .a liquor agency and a newspaper. By far the greatest advances have been made in the field of water-supply. In 1800 there were 16 waterworks in the country. Of these IS were in private hands-all but one of which (Morri~ town) it is interesting to note, have since be~n taken over by the public. In 1912 there were 56 cities with a population of I 00,000 or over. Of these, 48 owned a nd operated their waterworks. The latest figures available show ( 191 S) 204 cities of over 30,000 population and but 49 private plants. Of these, 7 a re in cities of between I 00,000 and 300,000 population, 16 in those of 50,000 to I 00,000 and 26 in cities of 30,000 to 50,000. NO CHANGES IN OWNERSHIP FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATE HANDS HAVE BEEN NOTED. It looks as if the private promoter had captured the big prizes in the electrical field. Other figures bear this out. In 1902, no less than 82 percent of the municipal electric light plants were in cities of less than 5,000 population, while only 73 percent of private plauts were so located. In 1904, there were bul four municipal plants in the 39 cities of over l 00,000 population. And in 1912 . there were only seven in the 56 cities of the same population. A survey of the gas business reveals a somewhat similar situa tion. The telephone business, it is needless to say, is entirely in the- hands of private capital, although its service in all its essentials is similar to these other utilities. The question arises : Why has municipal ownership triumphed both in number and size ·of plants in the water business, while it has never even been attempted in the telephone business; has achieved but moderate prominence in gas, and electricity, in spite of a remarkable increase, has ~ failed to enter the biggest cities? No one has, to my knowledge, however, gathered sufficient material of facts and figures to build an answer that will stand completely on its own foundation. Whatever theory we hold must inevitably be buttressed by our own personal desires a~d prejudices- a poor prop at best. But I should like to suggest a tenta tive hypothesis: We, the people of this country, are accustomed to allow a small group of investors to reap huge personal profits from bartering our indispensable public necessities. It is only when our bodily ·s ecurity is threatened that we call a halt. And to this hy- . . ~ --- ~ - ....~ pothesis there is a significant corollary: when the public .nee.~ carries with it no large promise of profil, private capital steel's clear and public ownership is Hobsqn's choice. ·· We _have. mt,micipal ownership of our police and fire protection · because we know enough not to entrust the safety of ourselves and our family silver to seekers after profit. We have learned t~ take it for granted that . the supply of thi~ public utility is a "governmental function," as we _put it: that it would be "contrary to the public interest" for it to be · the subject of stock-jobbing commercialism. Such a state of things would endanger our bodily safety. Municipal ownership has dominated the water business primarily for the same reason. We will entrust our light, heat, and transportation, but not our lives, to the mercies of a money-making concern-to an organ.ization whose interest in our welfare is divided by di.vidends. Water is one of the chief carriers of disease a nd has consequently become gradually bound up in our minds with the "public function" of health and sanitation. Political and social sagacity has developed among us at least to this extent : we are beginning to realize that our health (like our security from thieves and fire) is not a matter for the haggling, money-grabbing and stock-watering of a business transaction . Public utilities that bear directly on our health are now being looked upon . a:s legitima te fields for government interference and even ownership. , If we only washed in water and did not drink it, maybe public ownership would have made comparatively little-progress in this field. · The one great cause that has induced the conseryative American public to swallow this extraordinary dose of collectivism is the germ they might drink at their breakfast , tables. The one central fea ture of all Socialist agitation is government ownershig. It is true that there is no Socia:!ism · without the control of the government by the working people and the democratic management, in one form or another, of ali .industry. But if government ownership under the present political control is a failure, then the keystone of the arch of Socialist argument would be shot through with a fatal flaw. This first a nd most crucial test of the essential practicality of Socialism has been successfully met by cities in every part . of the United States. · If the function of the Socialist is anything in ou.r contem~ porary American life it is to proclaim in season and out this lesson that we as a people must some day learn and apply. If we refuse to permit a private fire department to make money out of our necessity for protection from fire, we must in the end see the folly of permitting ourselves to be threatened in a thousand subtler ways by the turning of our other necessities into' profit. . Municipal pla nts, like private ones, have succeeded and tailed. No one will ever know the relative proportion of each. But at least this much is ·proved by the records of municipal ownership we have at hand: There have been many successful examples of the fundamental Socialist principle in our cities; the performance of such undertakings has been, on the whole, more favorable from every point of view than similar private ventu res, and, finally, the private investor, backed by an ignorant public, has never given public owner· ·· ship half a chance to prove its worth except in the f ~Id of water-supply, where its ·success is assumed on all sicl ;, This is, for the Socialist, a vindication and a challe\ ~e I I { - �' t Page twelve • Circum·s tantial E-vidence By Emauue.l Haldeman. Julius F LYNN, better' known as "Porky'~ Flynn -was found the motive, which was robbery; you were caught on the ·scene guilty of murder. of the crime. Your revolv'e r was the weapon used. That, to The jury had listened · patiently to the evidence, had any reasonable person, proves you to be the murderer." retired to debate on the merits oi'the testimony, had reviewed The ·judge gazed steadily, for a while, at the condemned the murder of wealt~y, aged, j. Albert Sewell, from every man's face and · there, to his own mind, found further proof possible -angle, and reported its belief that "Porky" fired the of guilt. Flynn's .' knotted figure, hea..vy, brutal face, glassy eyes almost lost in their sockets, huge, crooked nose and wild fatal shot, and that death should be his punishment. The judge thanked. the twelve men for their work and .told brows, together with a powerful, vicious jaw, seemed, in the them they could go to their homes. Turning to the prisoner, judge's. opinion, to help spell his guilt. , "I never done it!" cried Flynn. the court announced: "You have been given a fair trial ·and have been convicted. "You have been found guilty," said the judge, assuming a Step forward and say why semt!nce should not be pro- cold, uncompromising attitude. "I am convinced there has nounced." been no error and I can do nothing but pronounce sentence! •· Flynn, pale and trembling, arose from his seat, and almost '~- '~- '~staggered to the bar before the judge's bench. The jury's verSeven weeks later, the sh~dow of what was once a · man diet had paralyzed him and left him nearly speechless. His lay chained to the stone floor of the death cell. Often, he brain seemed clouded and unable to comprehend the meaning mumbled, "I never done it," but his words fell on ears as of it all. Nervously, he cried: hard and deaf as the wall about him. A few hours before "I didn't do it, judge. So help me God, I never done that dawn, Flynn was given enough whiskey to intoxicate him. job. I know I'm just a measly, low-down dog of a crook, He drank long draughts of the liquid, for its numbing effect judge"-tears blinded him-"I know I've done a lot of rotten drove away the fear of death that was freezing his heart. And things" --his voice rose to a high, hysterical falsetto -"I while in a drunken state, unable to understand what was soon know I've served a bunch of terms in prison for things I've in store for him, with a priest reading passages of scripture, done, judge; but I never killed that man, I swear,· judge. I imploring God to save his soul, Flynn was led down the never killed him that night and may God strike me dead if I gloomy corridor to the death chamber, where he was strapped to a chair and shocked with murderous volts of fire until his ain't telling you what's the truth!" Flynn broke down and wept like a child, his shoulders life was no more. And then, the state records in its books of heaving violently as long, painful sobs came from the depths justice that a fearful crime had l)een avenged, that Flynn had of his chest. The judge waited until the wretch could control paid the penalty and that the last chapter in the Sewell murhis feelings enough to continue his plea. der had been written. "I didn't kill that man, judge-." Flynn became incoher'~- '~- ¥ent. Here and there, he repeated, "I never done it," apparAbout three months before Flynn was electrocuted-or ently leaving the judge unconvinced. rather on the night of his arrest- Henry Purvis and Mrs. "This is a sad case," said the judge, slowly, emphasizing jeanette Sewell were seated in the dimly lighted library of j. each syllable, " a nd I feel for you; but never h11ve I known Albert Sewell's home. They were alone and gazed at each a man's guilt to be so clearly indicated by circumstantial evi- other, anxiety written on their faces. dence as in this instance. I have always dreaded circumstanPurvis was a man of about forty; so evenly featured was he tial evidence, especially when a human life stands at stake, as to leave his countenance almost characterless. Every line but here you are absolutely proven to be the actual murderer and wrinkle had been carefully massaged out of him, leaving of j. Albert Sewell - - " him expressionless. But his glittering eyes showed him to be "I never done it, I never done it!·~ Flynn moan eo!. possessed of a· quick; shrewd brain and a will always striving "Your mere denials avail you nothing," exclaimed the court. for. control. He was ·one who lived by his wits: "·man-of-the "T0 merely repeat again and again that you are innocent does world ever ready to risk anything to obtain what he was strivnot wipe away the overwhelming facts against you. First of ing for, a temperament thirsty for adventure. aU, you confess you are a professional burglar- you have He and jennie, as he called her, had long been intimate, served more than fifteen year~ ._in penitentiaries throughout the and had, for almost ten years, formed a team that looked country. Your record is as black as any criminal I have ever upon the world as their oyste; and wbo used their w1ts as an known. All your life you have preyed upon society, all your opener. And the many oysters they had opened were not life you have broken laws and robbed right and left. This commonplace oysters ; they invariably were pearls. you do not deny, for you know denials are worthless. On For the past year, since jeanette had wormed her way into the night of the tragedy, you went to the home of j. Albert the elder Sewell's confidence and had become his wife, Purvis Sewell for no other purpose than to commit burglary. Is that had posed as 'her brother, the "old man" as they called him, the truth?" • never suspecting that they were, in fact, lovers. Their scheme "Yes., it's so-l went there to break in, and I did get into was to get his money, of which he had plenty. That they got his house -but I never killed that man," Flynn answered. none of his wealth was a fact painful to confess, but true, The court continued: . ..4ltyvertheless. "A ·policeman heard a shot and ran to the Sewell h~-ed -· Sewell held fast to ,his money, even taking upon himself the and caught you running from the place. A minute later the task of paying what expenses were met from day to day, repolice officer found the body of j. Albert Sewell. Your re- fusing steadfastly to give- her sums of money which she tried volver was found near his remains; one .of its chambers con- to obtain. And that, to the pair of schemers, was a very distained an empty shell. The bullet extracted from Sewelrs tressing state of affairs. body is of the sa.."lle caliber as the others in your revolver"At any time," said Purvis, almost angrily, "the old fool is that is convincing to say the least. The evidence establishes likely to learn the truth about us." I' �The I I I \ Weotern Comrade "Yes," agreed jeanette, "you can't pose as his brother-inlaw indefinitely. Some day he'll learn the truth and then you'll see your picture in the papers-another handsome correspondent. That would be a 1ine how-do-you-do, wouldn't it?" "I wouldn't mind that so much if we could only get his money. That's what we're after, and I'm tired of this long wait. I expected to wait six months, but here is almost ·a year and we haven't progressed very much. I tell you, you must make the old fool loosen up or J'll do it for you." "How?" inquired the woman. "Oh. there are a thous·a nd ways, and one is as good as another. It's a question which is the best at this time. One thing is certain, we must get that money." The woman nodded her head slowly. · "It's too bad," she commented. "I never knew so old a man with such good health." "Yes. hang him, he hasn't even got rheumatism.~· "Well, there's nothing to be done except to wait for our chance. It will surely come sooner or later. Have patience, my dear, have patience." "If I had him here I:d ring his neck," Purvis blurted with an oath . . · He glanced across the dim room, a look of disgust on his face. Suddenly he turned deathly pale and felt his · heart spring into his throat, for there to his utter astonishment and bewilderment, stood-yes. there in the doorway, agitated beyond description, stoo..l t;.he object of his schemes-). Albert Sewell! Jeanette also turned and saw what had driven terror into Purvis' heart; but she was not the kind that flinched when forced to "face the music." She laughed quickly; it was more of a chuckle than a laugh. "Well, well," she exclaimed in mock seriousness; "just look who's here." "He has heard all," was the thought that flashed through Purvis' mind. "He caught us napping." Her laugh and air of indifference restored Purvis' nerve. He quickly assumed a blase air and snickered. . "Good evening, Mr. Sewell; dropped in rath~:r suddenly, didn't you?" The man at the door did not answer. Coming forward, he shook his head slowly a nd looked at the pair, hardly able to believe his eye's or admit the truth of what his ears had heard. "You looked worried, darling," said Jeanette, eyeing him coquettishly. "So this is what has been in store for me," Mr. Sewell frowned. "I married the partner of a thief, brought both into my house, and here they are scheming to rob me." Mr. Sewell's anger rose rapidly, his blood boiled and flushed his face a deep crimson, his hands clenched spasmodically. Swallowing hard and almost panting for breath, he yelled: "You are robbers, both of you!" Without warning, he sprang at Purvis and struck him on the side of his head. felling him. Pur~is, in a second, was on his feet again; and whipping out a revolver, he aimed it towards the other. Mr. Sewell stood, transfixed. La,lier, with a gasp, he sank into a chair. The revolver was unloaded, Purvis well knew, but he continued to aim it at the aged man, announcing, as a warmng: "If you move out of that chair I'll kill you on the spot. I mean business, so you had better think twice before you attempt anything." The revolver levelled at Mr. Sewell, t!ae woman ~tanding near the ·tabre. Purvis leaning anxiously fort(ard, and the third seated in a chair, presented a picture that was striking. For a full minute, a heavy silence hung, like a blanket, over them. No one stirred. Not a word was uttered. Purvis was Page thirteen thinking rapidly. Something, he concluded, must be done. This, he admitted, was the moment for action; to waver would mean the loss of ever thing. But what could he do? The revolver was unloaded-and then he did not relish the idea of committing a crime that might result in-he shuddered. He was in a quandary. For another minute, silence continued. The quiet was ·broken by .a noise that came from another room. ' "Someone has entered this house," Purvis whispered hoarsely. "There must be a burglar here." Mr. Sewell, his head between his hands, did not seem to hear what was happening. Purvis ran into the other room, which was pitch dark, and quietly tip-toed his way to the bottom of the stairway. There he discerned the form of the intruder. With a rush; he sprang upon the burglar, who hastily drew his revolver. Purvis immediately disarmed him. With a lurch, the burglar drew back, freeing himself. A second later he w~s making his escape, leaving Purvis with a loaded revolver in his hand. Mr. Sewell and the woman, having heard the commotion, came hurrying down the stairs. "What is it? What is it?" a man's voice inquired. "A burglar," said Purvis, peering through the dark. When he perceived the figure of the aged man, he fired. Without even a groan, Mr. Sewell fell to the landing. Purvis thought quickly and instantly came to a conclusion. "Up to your room! Q~ick! " he commanded. "Undress and get into your night clothes. I'll do the same in my room. Quick!" In a second they were off. >[. :(. >[. While Purvis was peeling off his clothes, he heard the noise of another struggle. This time, the noise came from the street. Still undressing, he ran to the window and looked down. There he saw the burglar in the arms of a policeman, struggling for his freedom. By the time the burglar was overpowered, Purvis was in his night clothes. He then hurried down, soon followed by the woman. Opening the door, he let the policeman drag the almost unconscious form of the burglar into the hall. "He fired a shot," said the policeman. "We'd better search around!" "My God! Here is his victim!" said Purvis. "Mr. Sewell has been . killed!" "And I have caught the murderer red-handed," said the policeman. Comrades, Are .We Going T.o Help Kate?. Are -we going to let Kate O'Hare, the indefatigable worker, the noble mother, the tried and true friend of the working class, the inspiring Socialist orator-are we going to let this wonderful lovable and loving woman rot in prison, while we fold our hands supinely in selfish ease? A thousand times- N 0 ! Phil Wagner and the brave group of comrades with the "Social Revolution" ar·e trying to win an appeal for Kate O'Hare, who has been sentenced to five years imprisonment in the j efferson penitentiary. Send in your SJJbscription immediately to ' Social Revolution, 703 Pontiac Bldg., (five subs at 40c each) and help · circulate this appeal. THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT IS GETTING INTO A DEPLORABLE AND ,CONTEMPTIBLE CONDITION. IF WE CAN'T AROUSE ENOUGH OPPOSITION TO MAKE KATE O'HARE'S INCARCERATION IMPOSSIBLE! ( \ '· b ? �Page fourteen · The Western C.omra·d e Socialism Triumphant U. By R. A. D a g u e NDER the caption, The Growth of Socialism. the ''New England Leader" of Buston, says: "Charles the Fifth once said that the sun never set on his empire, We Socialists may apply these words to · our movement, and say that the sun never set on the countries in which our banner floats. "With these words the eloquent Belgian deputy, Emile Vandervelde, opened the International Socialist Congress held in Stuttgart in 1907. It was not an empty boast. The Socialist movement is as wide as the world. In Europe its power is felt alike in the highly civilized central and nort'hern countries, in once autocratic Russia, in apathetic Spain and in the backward Balkan kingdoms. It has invaded the Celestial empire, Persia and Japan; Transvaal and the Australian colonies; the South American republics and the Dominion of Canada. The United States is fast becoming a stronghold of the new doctrine. "The gospel of Socialism is preached in more than sixty tongues. Its creed is accepted by 30,000,000 persons. · "A movement of such magnitude and universality could not spring up without a cause, or continue without a mission. To scoff at it is futile. To ignore it is folly. It must be faced. It should be understood. "And Socialism can be understood very readily. Despite all assertions to the contrary, the mainsprings of the movement are quite obvious, its philosophy is exceedingly simple, and . .xogram is very definite." Yes; Socialism is easily defined: Worcester's Dictionary says: "Socialism is a science of reconstructing society on an entirely new ba};is by substituting the principle of association for that of competition in every branch of industry." The Dictionary of Political Economy says : "Socialism requires that the process of production and distribution should be regulated not by competition with self interest for its moving principle but by society as a whole for the good of society." · The fundamental doctrine of Socialism is that all of nature's crude or raw materials necessary for all humanity to use, should be owned by all the people collectively, such as land, water, oils, fuel , air, light, electricty a nd other public necessities and utilities. None of these should be owned ·by individuals for private profit. Nature furnishes mankind the raw rnateriah and pushes him into the world naked and tells him to work or starve. Socialism says· ·that all adults shmildperforrn some useful service · and receive the full value of their labor and individually own the finished products of their toil. Such is the reasonable, honest, fair and just proposition of Socialism. It would seem that -·no intelligent man, not a thief, or a selfish hurrian hog, could oppose so just a movement. Truly does the "New England Leader" say "to ·scoff at it is futile-to ignore it is folly." Yet this great and good rnov~rnent . that is preached in more than sixty languages is scoffed at, ignored and· misunderstood. While Socialism deals exclusively with industrial and political propositions, degenerate priests, preachers, bogus statesmen and a prostituted press working fQr tainted money, iterate and reiterate the lie that Socialism is atheistic, anarchistic and is working to destroy religion and the ho~e. and estab~ 1ish 'free love and race suicide. In all the past every movement started to benefit humanity, has been misrepresented and persecuted. Jesus was denounced and crucified as a "seditious ·fellow." Martin Luther was assailed as a vile wretch. Our own revolutionary forefathe rs were anathematized as heretics and traitors and ·Abraham Lincoln was called a "baboon who wanted to marry a nigger." Well, a wise man has said: "Ever the right comes uppermost and ever is justice. done.' Socia.lism is corning. It is the next step of hurnamty toward a. htgher ·a nd better civilization. No human power can st<;>p it because its four cornerstones are, universal brotherhood, universal peace, justice and reciprocity, and its slogan is, Arr Injury to One Is the Concern of All. It will abandon the existing competitive system of industrialism whose god is profits and the fruits of which are strife selfishness, injustice and war, and establish in its stead ~ cooperative comonwealth-a pure democracy in which the peo.: pie wtll govern themselves by direct legislation and the recall. All disputes between nations will be peacefully settled in interna tional courts of a rbitration. No permanent civilization can be mantained founded on greed , profits, speculation, injustice a nd war, whose motto is, Everyone. for Himself- to the Victor Belongs the Spo1ls. Socialism must triumph because it says: . "God, or nature, has so interwoven the well being and destmy of all humanity into one inseparable bond of unity . and mterdependence that what injures one injures all, and what is good for one is good for all." The Socialist movement is the best movement that has been : launched into this sad world in the last twenty centuries. j A Life of Love and Service T By David Bobspa HE noble soul of Senator Robert Addison Dague has at last struggled free from the encasing mold of mortality. Comrade Dague's weary body is at rest. For forty years he has been one of the most conspicuous figures in the America n propaganda· field. My last letter from him was late in January. A few days latter a note carne from the family stating that Comrade Dague was too ill to attend to correspondence. Today a letter from Mrs. M. E. Cadwallader of Chicago, editor of "The Progressive Thinker," tells me of his completion of this day's lesson and the passing forward of the spirit. For ten years past Comrade Dague had been bed-ridden, a helpless paralytic. But he conti_nued his work UJ?til a few days of his death. The clo;ing of his mortal eyes had no fear for this grand old warrior for S~cialism and Spiritualism. Not a phase of either cause but has been illuminated by the clear thinking of R. A. Dague-editor, speaker, law-maker, and novelist. His most enduripg monument- aside from the heritage of a perfect life of brotherhood and unselfishness- is his swan song, "The Twentieth Century Bible." This clearly ranks among the inspired works of the ages. Comrade Dague has ~een..for many years an inspiration to teq, thousand men and women, and when the pathway of life has seemed rough and hard scores of times for me, his example has been an inspiration and kept me moving forward in the movement. I do not rriourn for Robert Addison Dague. He is not , dead. The worn , tired body will be laid away. The work of the soul is being felt throughout America today. His soul will co-operate with the people for all time in its warfare for liberation. r 1 l I ---~--- ... .,}, �T The Western Pagd fifteen Comra d e What Thinkers Think ·GeiiJS of Comment From ·Current Periodicals· In nine months, the military establishment of the .United States has grown frc:>m a force of 100,000 men to 1,500,000.-George Creel, "The Independent." One fair-sized sugar beet, when soaked in water twenty minutes and boiled on the kitchen stove, will make a cup of thick syrup which can be used in cooking, for seasoning, and sweetening.-"Des Moines Capital." An acre of German beets produces JDOre sugar than an acre . of Louisiana cane.-Edwin E. Slossom, "The Independent." Uncle Sam 6 ~ow h~s the supervision of approximat~ly 260,000 iniles .of single track, an investment of over $16,000,000,000 and the employment of I ,700,000 persons.-Charles F. Speare, "Review of Reviews:" The English are the most e hauvinistic nation on earth, without knowing it.-Leon T rotzky, "Class Struggle." I charge that Theodore R~osevelt is the most potent and willi~g friend of the Kaiser in America.- Senator Stone, "Congressi~al Record." · Our American imperialists who favor universal military trammg are afraid that the governmen t will win the war on such terriis lhat no army will be necessary aftcrward.-Dr. Stephen S. Wise, "'Ibe New World." August Bebel's uttera11ccs are first hand evidence that the Socialist movemenf in Germany is at heart unpatriotic in the sense ·of imperial patriotism.-Louis Wallis. '"The Public." The system which condemns men to slavery, women to prostitution, children to poverty and ignorance, and all to hopeless, barren, joyless lives, must be uprooted and destroyed before men may know the meanihg of morality, walk the highlands of humanity, and breathe the vitalizing air of freedom and fellowship.-Eugene V. Debs, "The Call Magazine." The whole system of· ·international relationship grows out of the economi6 necessity of capitalist investment abroad. Diplomacy, imperialism and exploitation of peoples in other countries rest on the whole system of capitalist production of commodities.-James O'Neal, "Call Magazine." The private ownership of the coal fields is an economic barrier. It prevents the people of the Unite! States fro':' enJ.?ymg t?e full measure of liberty that might be the~rs.-Scott Neanng, Peoples Counctl Bulletin." Man has to be freed from the intolerable burden of being a producer of profits for others.-"The Producer," England . . Spiritualistic seances are no Ionge.' in the parlor-game stage. The phenomena underlying them are s~apmg a well-~~fined system of practical religion.-Robert Mountster, The Bookman. If we allies cannot bring about a revolution in Germany-then we have not achieved our war aim, and the whole struggle will have been a ghastly loss.- H. G. Wells, "The New Republic." If we allies are honest, then if a revolution started in Germany today, we should, if anything, lower the_ price of peace to Germany.-H. G. Wells, "The N~w Republic." One of the enormous advantages of being a man instead of a woman is that when you are going out in the e,;eni~g. you never .~ave to think what you _will wear.- Bemard Shaw, The New Repubhc. Italian biologists find that tea . and coffee incr.ease the power of resistance to cold without raising the normal temperature of the body."Bulletin of Pharmacy:" Onion~ are laxative, sedative, break up a cold, cure insomnia, are easily digested and no~ris?,ed, stimulate the appetite and soothe the nerves.-"Critic and Gmde. If Socialism prevails, compehtton in trade and business will be destroyed, and thus the business of advertising . will perish.- Henry T. Rainey, "Printer's Ink." The tuberculosis germ kills more than 125,000 people every .year in th Unit~d States alone and causes a greater loss to the cattle mdustry th:n any other one thing.- Dr. N. S. Mayo, "The Breeder's Gazette." The German junker succeeding the robber baron is not substantially different from the English or American captain of industry.-N. 0. Nelson, "Cana&ian Co-operator." Maine, Rhode Island, Minnesota and Michigan have abolished the death penalty, and Wisconsi.n never had it,_ yet the ra_te per thousand .of homocides in those states ts lower than m netghborrng states that mBict capit~l punishment.-"American Journal of Education." What is this marvelous business efficiency that we are asked to instat in the 'high places of our government at Washington? It is a pel American fetish, concocted of superstition, and hero-worship, and admirably adapted to play hob with any enterprise committed to its controi.-"The Public." \ Tl)eodore . Roosevelt has arri~ed at ihe sad c<Jndition of a. public man whose too active espousal of any cause is enough to damn it.-"lbe Public." How different is the version of conscription of wealth from the conscrip_tion of 'men! Not only is there no c'!nscription of actual capital, but the man with the million dollar factory retains his factory · and still gains a very substantial income !-Joseph L. Cohen, "The Public." W.e want to light abroad with our allies so that we shall not have to light at home without our allies.-Theodore Roosevelt, "Kansas City Star." · · The National Security league is stirring up class-bitterness. It is the tool of sinister interests which would halt all progress and reform."Non Partisan Leader." . The French 75 mm. gun will shoot as many as 16 shells a minute and there are guns which have fired 2000 shells a day. It require$ the labor of 4000 to 5000 men to provide the shells for eight of such guns. 1 -"Scientific American." The deepest mine in the world is the St. John del Rey copper mine in Brazil, which has .· a depth of 6000 feet.-"Scientilic American." The U-boats of Germany will destroy as much tonnage. this year as the United States and Great Britain together can build and launch.-Bainbridge Colby, "Literary Digest." The time is coming · when the men of the working classes,. the men without property, will control the destinies of the world,..:.._Charles M. Schwab, Bethlehem Steel Corp., in "New York World." We stand for violence against all exploiters. We are the first g01t· ernment in the world that openly declares it is carrying on civil war and we pledge ourselves to carry this war to a linish.~Lenine in London "Daily Chronicle." This is an American wo.rkingman's war, conducted for American workingmen, by American workingmen.- Prof. John R. Commons, "Union Labor Bulletin." It i~ the perpetual shame of the Church that it did not prevent this war; it is an equal shame that it has not long ago ended it.-John Haynes Holmes, ''The Forum." Negroes own and edit more than four hundred newspapers and gtag• azines in the United St-ates.-Ray Stannard Baker, "The · World's Work.': The war of nations is merging i.nto the war of class.-Frederick · Harrison, "Fortnightly Review." When a man loves his work it is almost impossible for him not : to . Rourish in it.- Harrington Emerson, "The Independent.'' Harold Bell Wright has sold 7,000,000 copies of his novels in 6fteen years, and is still young and bealthy.-"Montgomery Advertiser.'' The governme~t should immediately commandeer all industries where strikes occur; the primary cause of strikes is the greed of government cont ractors who are making huge profits with labor.-"Non Partisan Leader.'' Labor should never, in war or peace, give up it's right to ~trike.­ "Wheeling Majority.'~ Why should labor leaders think more of winning this war for the capitalists than of ·winning better living conditions for the Americ11n working class ?- "Milwaukee Leader.'' The coal sh;rtagc was indirectly caused by the German U-boats, even as the food shortage in Germany is caused by the allied blockade.Harrington Emerson, "Review of Reviews." Organized labor has proclaimed its loyalty from the housetops, ,and the number of strikes and of men involved since April 6 has been unexampled in our history. It is a disappointing and un-American picture.--'"New York Tribune." ' Only a peace without indemnities and annexations can save us,. and the hour has come when you mu~t raise your voice for sueh a peace. The German people must manifest its will to end the war.-Wilhelm Dittman, Socialist member of Reichstag. -r / / • �Page sixteen The ':l'e•tern Curnr~d~ Modern Religious Movements: No. 2 The Essenc~e of Catholicism By Thomas F. Coakley, D. D., CATHOLICITY MEANS AlJIHORITY IN RELIGION St. Paul's Cathedral, Pittsburg, Pa. CATHOLICI"f'X MEANS CERTAINfY IN RELIGION The doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church are clean cut l l THEN our Divi"e Lord established His ch1,trch,Jle did "precise,_ w~ll-defined, sure and certain; there is no quibblin~ not ordain that the truths for which He came into the world and suffered and died should be brought to the ,or ambiguity; you always know exactly where she. stands on knowledge of men by the mere circulation of the- Bible. · every one · of the fundamental and eternal· verities. "I shall Rather, it was the living voice of His own Apostles and dis- be with you all days, even to the consummation of the world:" ciples that He chose to be the instruments whereby His gospel Christ said to her (Matt. xxiii: 20) and the abiding presence of Ch~i~t takes away all doubt. He sent the Holy Ghost, was to be carried to all the earth. The authority of the one true Church founded by Christ, ~he Spi!It of Truth, upon the Roman Catholic Church, making the teaching office of. the Church, its duty of preaching the It poSSible for Catholics to kn9w predsely and without the gospel, and of the necessity of the faithful listening to ·and possibility of error just what Christ did actually teach. · obeying the commands of the Church, are truths everywhere CATHOLICITY MEANS THE ALL THAT CHRIST TAUGHT insisted upon in Holy Writ. The Catholic Church recognizes We cannot minimize Christian doctrine. We cannot pursue the inspired Word of God in itself, and independent of. the living voice and divinely authorized interpretation of the an elective course in religion. We cannot believe what we Church, cannot be a safe guide to eternal life. Nowhere In choose and reject all else, and .still call ourselves Christians. . Holy Scriptu~e is the claim put forward that the Bible con- To be a Christian means that we must believe all that Christ tain,; all of the Word of God in its fullness: on the contrary taught, not merely a portion of His teachings. Christ tells us there are several express statements to the very opposite. St. so Himself, for He sent His Apostles "to teach things whatsojohn boldly states that Christ did and said many things which ever He had comm.anded.~' (Matt. xxvliii:20). There .is abare not recorded in Holy Writ (John xxi: 15). Moreover, in solut~ly no qualification here; no opportunity to spurn, reject, another place in His Gospel, the ·beloved disciple declares despise, condone, or smooth over things that we do not like. that the whole world would not be able to contain the books And in looking over the world today, or any day during the that should be writttn if all the sayings and doings of Christ last nineteen centuries, we are forced to say that the Roman were accurately and fully recorded (John xx: 31). Further- Catholic Church is the only institution in existence that teache~ more, we find in the Bible other references to some of the in its fullness and in its completeness every single doctrine writings of the Apostles having perished. One . Epistle of taught by Christ. We have but to run up and down the , St. Paul to the Corinthians (I Cor. v:9) and one to the Laodi- pages of history to obtain corroboration of this great fact. To be deep in history is at once to embrace the Catholic faith. ceans are known to be lost (Cor. iv: 16). Hence the necessity for admittin~ the authority of the No man can· read history thoroughly and remain outside the Church in religious matters over and above that of the Bible: Church of Rome. This is substantially the verdict of no less "Faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the Word of ?n ~uthority thaa the great Protestant historian, Macaulay, Christ," says St. Paul to the Romans (Rom. x: 14) . "And m his celebrated es~ay on Von Ranke. Non-Catholic denomthe things which thou hast heard of Me by many witnesses, inations, taken in their entirety have swept away every great the same commend to faithfuJ. men, who shall be fit to teach truth for which Christ gave up His life, so that the world outothers also" (II Tim. ii: 2). "Hold fast after what manner I side. t~e . Catholic Church . no longer stands for integrity of Chnshamty. Open · denial. of the divinity of Christ, of His preached to you" (I Cor. xv:2). Hence hearing the Church, listening to its voice, obeying miracles;· of His resurrection, of His miraculous birth, by the its mandates, submitting to its divinely constituted authority, ministers and professors of non-Catholic denominations has is the very test of Christianity and distinguishes it from all in- ceased to startle the .non-Catholic world, until today the one, dividuaijsm, from all independent, private and unauthorized single, solitary, majestic witness to the entirety of divine revelation is the Roman Catholic Church. · interpretation of God's Law. . Christ f9unded a Church, a perfect, living, visible, permanent society, self-sufficient, self-governing and containing within itself all that is necessary for Its existence. Christ exercises His power through earthly representatives. He selected twelve Apostles and charged them in His name to teach all just as we predicted a year ago, the American plutocracy nations (Matt. xxviii: 20) to offer sacrifice (Luke xxii: 19) and to govern His flock (Matt. xviii: 18; john xxi: 17). The is taking advantage of the opportunity afforded by the Apostles used the authority committed to them while they lived country's concentration on the war, to plunder labor. Basil Manly, formerly a statistician for the Industrial Reand before their death they took ml.'.asures for the perpetuation of this principle of government in the Church by establishing lations Commission, reports that while in 1915, 2 percent of a hierarchy in the Christian communities founded by them, the people owned 60 percent of the wealth, today 2 percent centuries before the wodd ever had the Bible. 'Jhe authority own 70 percent of the wealth. He further shows that since vested in the (.hurch is from Almighty God, and not from the the beginning of the European ·war, the number of millionmembers of the Church. "The Holy Ghost," says St. Luke aires and multi-millionaires in the United States has doubled. (Acts xx: 28), "hath placed you Bishops to rule the Church of · And tlle obverse is true: the condition of the working .~lass God." The Church derives her power directly from Christ, has become increasingly unbearable. · Uucle Sam has yet to see · that he has a more evil thing through Apostolic succession, and not from the body of the faithful. The Pope, Bishops and priests have their power and to deal with at home-the American plutocracy-than he has authority from the Shepherd, not from the sheep. in the person of a certain paranoiac kaiser.-A. S. VV Making the United States Safe for Plutocracy ~/ \, I �The Western Page seventem Comrade Children: Q .u~ntity ·or Quality? By Alanson Sessions A \ ' S usual, when some new reform is agitated, the vast · majority of people express strenuous objeCtions to its adoption. And usually, their objections are based on a misunckrstanding of the thing they attack. It is a tragic thing that almost invariably humanity attacks the principal innovations which will greatly help it to endure the burden~ of life. .. These statements are particularly true with ref~rence to the agitation of the birth control problem for the last generation. A hundred and one objections have arisen in the popular mind, sincere and otherwise, against family limitation. They are founded on misconception of the true aims of those advocating birth control, on ignorance, on malicious hypocrisy·. Will Family Limitation Lead to Race Suicide? We might answer this question in the following manner: .Are women who use preventives childless? The facts show that such is not the case. It is estimated that hundreds of thousands of families now use preventives, very few of them being without children. These families have from one to four children, but they regulate the number of children in accordance with the family income. It is foolish to fear that the use of contraceptives will bring about the destruction of the race. When we think of the infinite worry and trouble to which women will go in order to have children, we certainly need not apprehend a dying .out of the race. No artificial device will ever destroy the world-old instinct in woman of perpetuating the species. Moreover, in Holland, where contraceptives are in most general use, the population has not decreased but actually increased, due to the better economic and social conditions prevailing there as a result of birth control. Will The Knowledge of Birth Control Measures Lead to Immorality? It is said that if the knowledge of contraceptives is made general, the young will taste the forbidden fruit of illicit sexual intercou~se. Granted that this may occur occasiol)ally. Even so, t he benefits derived from a diminution of venereal diseases resulting from earlier marriages, the fewer and healthier offspring, the prevention of the ·procreation of the underfed, the tuberculous, the alcholics, the degenerate; the feeble-minded and the insane would more than outweigh the .isolated instances of sexual intercourse prior to _marriage. And suppose some women ARE bound to have illicit reia,ioilS? As a . writer has said, "Is it not better that they should know the use of a harmless preventive than that they should become pregnant, disgraCing and ostracizing themselves and their families, or that they should subject themselves to the risks of an abortion, or, failing in this, to take carbolic acid, or bichloride, or jump into the river, or throw themselves under the wheels of a running train?" The fear of pregnancy does not keep girls pure and chaste; its the social training, the education that they receive comb~ne~ wit_h the monogamous tendency that practicall; every giTl mhents. · Are The Means of Prevention Absolutely Sure?.. It is often remarked that contraceptives often fail to prevent conception. While this may be true in some cases, it is also true that this failure is most often attributable ta the carelessness or ignorance of those using the- methods. Statistics show that the various methods of control are from 98 to 99 percent infallible. When the laws prohibiting the dissemination of .such information are repealed, men and· women can dis~ cuss the subject in public and thus entirely eradicate the othei: one ot two· percent of failure. To the . secrecy of the use of preventives and the working out of their formulas, is due, to ·a large extent; the failures that occasionally result. In Berlin, in 1876, the birth rate was 240 per annum per thousand of ·married women; in 1912, the bi'rth rate had fallen to 90 per thousand married women. This and other examples show· the marvelous effectiveness of contraceptive measures. Will Birth Control Lead to Excess in Married Life? It will not. The facts show ~hat during the time of ' pregnancy occurs the greatest frequency of intercourse in families not using contraceptives. This period js the greatest temptation to excess. Birth control will regulate this, prevent excesses, and establish moderation. .Is Birth Control Immoral? Immoral is something that is injurious to the community. If birth control makes for mental and moral improvement, how can it be said to be immoral? To those who contend that the woman who uses preventives is nothing but a monogamous prostitute, we can only reply ·lhat the author of the argument is a drooling imbecile. The simple and irrefutable fact remains that all children born into the world should be desired and lovingly · created. Dr. Robinson says: "A working man should not have more than two children. Every child after the second, and particluarly after the third, is individually and racially ·a calamity. It means that the mother's health is bei11g ex· hausted. It means that she cannot attend as properly as she should to her first children. It means that the succeeding children are taking away a part of the indispensable food and clothing from the first children. It means that the first children will not be able to get the neeessary bringing up and education that they otherwise would. It means that they will be sent to work earlier than they otherwise would. It means glutting the labor market with wage slaves. In short, too many children in other than well-to-do· families is a crime. .It is a c_rime against every member of the individual family,' . a crime against the father, a crime agai·nst the succeeding : · children, anq a crime against society." The day is rapidly approaching when a woman can go· to a health station to get instructions for preventing an- undesired pregnancy just as she goes at the present time to secure a form ula for modifying her baby's milk. Before this can be accomplished, howev'er, much remains to be done. Our physicians will have to throw overboard some of their so-called professional ethics-and join with the liberals and ra_dicals of our time in beseiging the legislatures of every state wtth the demand to repeal the infamous law which makes ?ivin? such information an offense punishable by five year's Impnsonment. . Readers are respectfully invited to . correspond with the A~soci~te ~ditor of the L!ano Publications and to co-operate with him m every man1,1er possible in getting people interested in and working for this propaganda. WOMEN WISHING INFORMATION ON BIRTH CONTROL SHOULD WRITE TO~MARGARET SANGER, 104 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY. Mention the Western Comrade when you do so. �Page eighteen The· Western Comrade Does God Exist? By I '•· Henry M. Tichenor AM requested by the -Western Comrade to write an article entitled, "Does God Exist?" I hink a better. cap-tion would be, "Do the Gods Exist?" . . . There are so many of 'them, scattered in various parts of fhe globe, and all of them, though bearing different titles, appear so much alike:._exhibit so much evidence of a similar source of origin-that the same argument that would prove . the· ex~· istence of one would prove the existence of all, or vice .versa. All the Gods in use today are hoary with age. Their pedigree dates back into remote antiquity. Sacred traditions trace them through barbarism and savagery, and even into the age of the cave-dwellers, and there is lost. True, their characters have undergone changes in the long journey of the centuries, and, to their credit be it said , somewhat, as a general rule, for the better; but the same gods that the ancients worshiped are worshiped still; and this applies t9 the heathens as well as the Christians. No Gods have been originated, or discovered, in modern times. jesus , and Budda, and others of ihe rejected prophets of brotherhood and peace, may have had visions of a more humane and justice-loving God than those accepted by ·the professors of the ·various religions, but they never became popular enough to endure. Nobody, save a few un· desirables, seemed to want them. They passed away for lack of encouragement to stay with us. The Gods of the fathers of the stone age were good enough for the sons. I remarked that the characters of the Gods had somewhat improved. Not much, but a little. They do not require the sacrificing of cattle these days to appease their wrath. That helps some. The immense quantity of meat that once went upo in burnt offerings, that, says Genesis viii: 21, and Exodus xxix: 18, was a sweet savor to jehovah's nostril's would, if required today, upset all the food conservation ligures. j ehovah might have to conscript the meat trust in order to get a smell. So it's a good thing we are saved this religious performance in order to save our souls. As a matter of economy _it is well that the Christians today are washing away their sins i~us ' blood, instead of depending upon . a daily who'lesa~auebter of calves and -lambs, as once took place in Jerusalem. Let us be thankful for this. . It is also a good thing that no God, these d ays, butchers the first-born of man or beast in a midnight orgy, as jehovah once did in Egypt. It's bad enough the way we slowly kill the children in the cotton mills; and the price of beef and mutton and bacon is soaring high enough without any God hulling the market. So it is well that the Gods are somewhat better, or at least quieter, than they used to be, even though mankind appears at .l'times as heartless and cruel as of old. We hope, some good day, to pound some sense into man}cind; but what could we hope to do if an all-powerful, invisible God was gettin~ our goat whenever he took a notion? Anether improvement, or rather a relief, that can be noted on the part of the Gods these days, is that they pay no attention to prayer. If they did the kaiser, or even T. Roosevelt, might have eaten· up the last human being before this, and they themselves be the only remaining specimens of the species. It is realiy a splendid thing that prayers are not ans-· wered any more. If they were the world would be a worse bedlam than it is. It used to be that a holy man of God could say a prayer, and a pack of she-bears would rush out of the woods and tear little children to pieces. It is well that Nat- ural Law, and not prayer, is . running things now. And the thought naturally arises, in answer to the question propounded in this article: has not Natural Law, and not the Gods, always· existed? What are the ancient and original concept{ons of the Gods, save supernatural creatures, made in the likeness of man, or some other animal? jehovah is described in various parts of the bible as having hands an"cl feet, eyes and ears, and a mouth and nose out of which flew sparks. Moses (so says Cenesis xxx!ll, verse 23) had the good fortune to hide in the cleft of a ro.ck and view his back parts as he passed by.. If you believe this, Jehovah must exist. Cotton Mather is ·said to have witnessed an oid woman astraddle a broomstick sailing o;;rer the moon. If you believe this, then witches must exist. ·.The Gods of old swam the seas, prowled the jungles, and floated through the air.- The God of tile Christians, who once wandered everywhere, is now stationary. - He sits in silence on a gold throne somewhere in the skies. Once he was fre· quently .seen and talked to by the priests that started the story · of his existence. As I do not believe the stories of the priests, I do i10t be~ lieve in the existence of their Cods. I believe the Gods were first conceived in the murky minds of our ancestors, the anthropoid apes. That conception was inherited and en~ larged upon in the still murky minds of their progeny, the first savage humans. They knew nothing of Nature and Na~ ture's Laws. All phenomena were the miraculous workings of unseen creatures, bigger a-nd greater than themselves. The terrific tempest, the thunder and lightning, were the man· ifestations qf an angry God. The savage· fled to his cave in terror. The law of economic determinism-which is so ad~ mirably described by Oscar Ameringer as "the thing that makes a ' man get a hustle on himself towards the spot where he hears the jingle of easy money"-was already at work. A priest-class early came into existence, professing not only a personal acquaintance with the Gods, but also sufficient power of persuasioiJ to keep them in good humox. The priest was furni~ed a living in . exchange for the prayers he said . He also' dined on the choicest cuts of the animals offered in sacrifice. 1'\aturally the priest and the tribal chief soon be- . came bosom friend\;. Their interests were identical. One lived hy ruling the brains, the other by ruling the bodies of the people. The priest predicted ~II ·sorts of dire calamities to overtake those that rebelled against the authority of the chief or himself. He even finally invented an everlasting hell. And to the Gods, born in the murky minds of the an~ thropoid apes, have been preserved in ev~ry age as an invaluable asset to hold tbe workers in subjection to the classes that live by expropriating their products. in the New Society, the Gods, like the governments of the exploiters, will be found to have been nothing bu't supersti~ tions. In that society, Service will be the only savior, and Labor the only prayer. In that society, Man wiH arise from his knees-will not kiss the dust in fear of lord of earth or sky. And, if in Nature, our Mother, there is a sentient soul, she will greet with gladness her children, begotten in the ·night when the world was young; that have at last evolved to the full stature of Humanity. Curst greed of gold, what crimes thy tyrant power has caused!-Virgil. .. �• The Wettern Comrade Page nineteen A Plea for ·Sensible Propaganda Now that the scope of our criticism of others is restricted we socialists may gain something by criticising . ourselves. ' For instance, consider our propaganda. . We scold to much. People who are socialists, and know It, are still greatly in the mi!lority. We need the help of many wh? are not yet so~ialists. But often -we treat these people as 1f they were our mveterate enemies, instead of prospective co-workers. We expect too much from them. We imagine that forming a belief is a very simple matter. At least, in practice, we under-estimate the power of personal inclina-tion, of training, and of association in ' determining opinion. We assume that it is as easy to choose between socialism and capitalism as between good apples and. bad ones. And because he does not at once see as we see, we dub a- man a fool who, in a general way, may be vastly more intelligent than we ourselves. Our own classic litearture, revealing as it does, the slow and painful progress of the race, should make us more patient; and if it does not, our own experience must .. We too often allow discussion to degenerate into argument- a very human failing. An argument is a fight- a verbal brawl. And truth does not thrive in the atmosphere of fight; indeed. when the fight is most acute, as in the case of a great war, lying becomes a virtue, and truth-telling a vice. An argument is an exchange of blows, and its purpose is t~ ad~inis~er a personal defeat, to win a barren victory; a discussion IS an exchange of ideas, and its purpose is to establi~h the truth. We denounce too much; or rather, too crudely. Our voice is too shrill. We use too many adjectives, make too many gesture-s. Our antics turn tragedy into comedy. True, any number of the strongest adjectives may fall far short of describing the situation; the occasion may justify our most violent d~nunciations-but the results do not. We can best make other• feel as we feel , not by givi ng vent to our feelings, but by simply relating thP circumstances that make us feel as we do. Whether the appeal is to the intellect or to the emotions, simplicity and due restrair!'t will strengthen it. Ther@ is great power in the piain, unvarnished tale. Fight? Certainly. But we have fought with words too long. We have tried to make the vocal organs do the work of the whole I:Jod~-- w~ must fight by doing, instead of hy talkmg. On the mdustnal battlefield, action is what couuts. An~. <;>u~ proj)~ ganda will be a most useful· auxiliary to our pohtico-mdustnal fighting machine when we substitute vigor for bombast. -ALEC WATKINS The Bolsheviki · The friendly and sympathetic tone in which President Wilson referred to the present rulers of Russia in his "Peace Terms" speech was a severe rebuke to the purveyors of the fanciful fal sehoods that have been circulated so widely in our press concerning the Bolsheviki. Day by day the Russian government has operated the wireless at Petrograd tirelessly in an effort to keep the world informed as to what was gojng on. The messages sent out have but rarely appeared in the American press. l_nstead, our newspapers have given us nothing but incomplete and contradictory ;eports which, in most cases, were plainly untrue. N~w that the president has spoken, however, a change is already noticeable. It has become plain that the Bobheviki are neither the agents nor the dupes of the kaiser. The charge that Lenine and Trotsky are in the pay of Germany -· .. ---...·-., .. -~ ... .J - . is utterly discredited. - The wild r~mors of a Russia . in chaos have been shown to be without foundation. Only recently, . no less a person than Sir Geor.ge Buchanan; who was British Ambassador at Petrograd, explained that the Bolsheviki are securely in control as long as they continue ·on .the same principle. In !England, the Bolsheviki have found support In several __quarters. T.wo . of England's most po~erful news- . papers, the London Daily News and the Manchester Guardian, are outspoken in their praise. And · quite lately tfie new - British Labor· Party issu~d a strong endorsement of the Peace · Terms· of New Russia. Even if one di'sapprove~ of Russia's action in regard to · the war' one could not fairly view the achievements -of the Bolsheviki without admiration. They have maintained a remarkable degree of' order in spite of the desperate' scheming of the reactionaries and th.e open _opposition of dissenting socialists. They have met boldly the -innumerable · problems that inevitably arise from the sudden chang~ from an autocratic monarchy to a free' republic, problems that . vitally affect _.the daily lives of a population nearly twi'ce as large as that of the United States. They have ·taken definite steps to establish, not only political freedom, but also an economic freedom far in advance of that of any other country. Theyhave matched their wits with remarkable success against the best-trained diplomats of the world. They have carried on a peace propaganda among the soldiers of t~ermany army. They have fired the 'iiberal elements of Germany with a new hope and a new courage. They have given to the world a basis for peace, the spirit of which has been echoed by President Wilson, and the substance of which is meeting the .approval of the progressive sections of every_ country at war. And they have done all this at a time when every day gives birth to a new crisis. The future of the Bolsheviki is, perhaps,- a matter of doubt. A professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin, who has just retun1ed from Russia, gives them two years more of power. Shoul_d t~e_y lose control, it will more likely be as a result of an mabihty to break through their own stubborn dogmatism than the operation of outside . political forces alone. Nevertheless, the entire incident has demonstrated once again the utt_er unreliability, not only of our newspapers, but also of o~r diplomacy and the incompetence of our diplomats. And 1t has demonstrated in a very remarkable fashion the ho~lowness of the claim of the ruling classes that to them alone IS given the ability of performing the functions of gov- _. ernment. -ALEC WATKINS --o-- THE DOOM OF EMPIRES The traveler standing amid the ruins of ancient Cities ana' empires,' seeing on every side the fallen pillar and the prostrate wall, asks why did these cities fall, why did these em-· p1res crumble? Anel the -Ghost of the Past, the wisdom ot ag_es. answe~s: These temples, these palaces, these cities, the ~u~ns _of which you stand upon, were built by tyranny and lllJUStice. The hands that built them were unpaid. The backs that bo~e the burdens also bore the marks of the lash. They _were bmlt by slaves to satisfy the vanity and ambition of ~h1e~~s- an_d robbers. For these reasons they are dust. Their clVII.zatwn was a lie. Their laws merely regulated robbery and established theft. They bought and sold the bodies ·?nd so~ls of _men, and_ the ~our~1ful wind of desolation, sigh~ng am1d their crumblmg rums, IS a voice of prophetic warnmg_ to those who would repeat_the infamous experiment, uttermg the great truth, that no nation founded upon slavery f~I~~~s:. BODY" OR MIND, can stand.-ROBERT G r �The Page twenty Weate·rn Comrade • Peace And Its Meanip.g By Upton Sinclair The cry of the community before the war was hard times, which meant that the goods were piling up ·and not being consumed. And that is a condition which the private profit HIS afternoon I r~alize that I am rJ~IIy in_Am~ri~. the system caused iq Ol!r community. Consumption did not halhome of business. The joy .of selhng thmgs IS an ex· ance production, and there was a surplus profit; there were citement I understand a little myself because I once · panics and men out of work; and when they asked why, the published a book. The president of the United States under- answer was " overproduction." A man's wife must go in rags took to advertise it, thus making it easy to sell, apd I had because . he has produced too much cloth; he could not buy the wonderful thrill of seeing goods go out and checks come shoes for his children because he had produced too much in. I can appreciate the attitude that most Americans take wealth for the capitalists. An this condition of overproducin such a situation. Somehow or other, though, the joy of tion was continually increasing. Also the Socialist vote was selling things doesn't seem to be an entirely satisfactory sol- increasing year by year. In Germany you could see that ution pf a ll the problems of existence. There is something vote rise like a thermometer. If you watch a thermometer, wrong somewhere. Some of the people make a fuss about ii: you kriow that when it has risen so far, if it goes one degree and make trouble-Socialists they call themselves, and nat· farther, something is going to break. In precisely the same · :ally we don't like them, put them in jail and give them as way you could say of the Socialist vote in Germany that if .. ncomfortable a time as we can. it increased any further, the ruling class would lose control Now I am one those Socialists that happen to be 'out of ~f the country and rather than abdicate this class ·would jail, a nd I came here to tell you a little about what we think ~ drive the country into war to bring aboJ.It a condition of reis wrong with the joy and excitement of selling things and · newed prosperity. making money. This has been going oo for a long time in We are told that this is a war for democracy. Some of the world. It is a habit that is very strong not only in Am- us have different ideas of democracy. We think that demerica, but in every other country as well. They tell UL9Ver ocracy really counts in the important things of life, which in Europe that we are the original dollar-chase rs. But I are where you get your food, under what conditions you get have traveled in most of the countries of Europe, and I have it. We believe that democracy means that in the industrial had more lead quarters offered to me in a week over there life of the world the people should have control of their own than I have seen in America in my whole lifetime. destinies. I know that is disturbin g to all business men. The I am going to tell you a little of the Socialist's view of buoiness man is now the master, and the workers m~st obey. our present system, and why it has lead the world into the ' But I look forward to a regime of industrial democracy, in present calamity. It is the system of private industry, of which the workers will control their industries, and will ~ive production for profit. It keeps the vast majority of the themselves the full val ue of their product. Of course, we people upon what is called a competitive wage, which is the have, for example, our public school s. It would seem quite very lowest amount they can exist on while they work, and preposterous if any one would suggest leaving the handling the surplus product goes in one way or another to the owners of our mail to be cared for by private corporations. But, of the machinery of production. It may be rent, it may be on the other hand, the agent of the Salt Lake Railroad here just profits, but whatever you cal.l it, it goes · to the admin- beside me hopes . that the government will give him back his istering class. Now, the .administering class has the most line some day. What I look forward to is to see him duly brains, beeause they can afford to hire them. Any man has established as the head of a certain department of the United a chance to become a millionaire if he is sharp enough, and States Railways, runnin g them for the people of the United is not troubling too much with his neighbor's troubles: The States. I think he would be quite as happy, and we might be wealth being under the control of the administering class, able ··to pay him quite as large a salary. I am sure he this clas's combines to regulate prices, and at the same time would agree that if a group of private owners did not have forces the competitive system on the working class. a claim to a large part of his profits, he could hand!~ our So the greater part of the selling of the world is done at freight and passengers much · more cheaply than he can at · prices which are fixed. The greater part of the labor of the present. world works . for wages that are made in ·. the open market. I have been predicting a social revolution for America for Wages do not rise along with prices of the products, but real twenty years and all my friends have been laughing at me; wages actually diminish. Before the 'w ar, in ten years, the now I am getting ready to have my laugh. You know that cost of living increased 40 percent, acc01ding to Government saying about he who laughs last. statistics, and wages increased about 15 percent, and so at The Russian · people have suffered under a double condition the end of the ten years those persons ·working for wages of servitude, and we all wished them luck when they threw were 25 percent poorer without being aware of it. The result off their yoke of czardom. But the Russian people were not was that with constantly increasing momentum the wealth of satisfied to overthrow the czar only; they have proceeded to the world was thrown into the hands of one class, while the overthrow their land owners and capitalists, and to confiscate other, the working class, the producers, were not able to buy the banks and factories. What this means is that the revoluwhat they produced. tionists of the modern world say the peace which is coming Government statistics have shown that by modern methods to the world must be a peace of industrial as well as of polwe produce from ten to one hundred times· as much by rna- itical democracy. chinery as we used to produce by hand. The consequence is We have to do our part in understanding this--everybody that we are producing goods that our population hasn't the in America, because we all help to make public sentiment. ·money to bJ.Iy. The 'goods are heaping up at one end, while We have to do our part in deciding how this war is to he This address, published exclusively by the We s I ern_ Comrade was delivered ~ ,Comrade Sinclair before the Commercial Board of Los Angeles, Cal~rnia, February 4th, 1918 · T the people~e•lly nred t h \ the othe,. 'k (C..•O•o! MP~:~-·-C ':) -- 7 .:'~ -f . �The Western Comrade The Menace of Milita.ry Training By ' Norman T Thomas HE most extraordinary ·aspect of "this war to end war.:: their devil in the robes of an angel of light. They claim that militarism will encourage democracy apd erase class lines. this struggle "to make the world safe for democracy, . is the powerful and elaborately 'organized effort in the Surely the workers of America know that the way to remove United States to take advantage of the situati?n "to ~-~t class lines is 't o remove classes by instituting indus~rial demacross" (in the words of ex-president Taft) umversal m~h­ ocracy. Democracy is more than enforced ·comradeship in tary training and service. Reasonable men must wonder With a dog tent. Actually, military training and service means the a kind of despair why it should be necessary to ar~ue .that. the inevitable creation of an officer caste and the addition of way NEVER to end war or to make the. worl~ s_af~ for rem· : military distinctions to those already in our country. It means ocracy is to fasten a policy of universal conscnption upo~ the the drilling of men at the impressionable age of their lives · country. The Bolsheviki, the British Labor party, Pres1de~t in that system of automatic obedience which is the chief en· Wilson, even Lloyd George, with varying degrees of ·emphasis emy of the reflective self-government' which democracy requires- of its citizens. Militarism cannot block the final have declared for a world organization which .r~sts upo~ ~e cornerstone of disarmament. Is universal m1htary . trammg triumph of democracy in America but it can build a dam · across· the river of our democratic hopes. Temporarily it and service the way to disarm? The whole world condemns can stop the stream and at last instead of flowing through Germany as chiefly responsible for th~ p!esent tragedy. Do their channels as a river of life the waters may break as by we want to share a like burden of -gmlt m the future ye~rs? . a destructive flood. Will intelligent Americans tolerate this Nothing else will be our fate if we, the richest a~d ~otentiall! danger? Will they permit a capitalist cla~s to prolong the the most powerful of the nations, should n~w msllt~te umperiod of its own power by the militaristic system? versal military training and service as a national pohcy, not because of the present need but to make ~urselves strong for CONSCRIPTION AND INDIVIDUAL WELLBEING the future. Every nation would feel obhged to follow our The final effort of the militarist is to prove that military lead .. Let us not deceive ourselves. The foe is not German training is somehow or other good for the individual. The militarism but militarism. What that institution did to the argument runs like this: We want no more wars; but milifellow-countrymen of Kant and Goethe it will do to the feltary training is good for the character, for the body, mind low-countrymen of Abraham Lincoln. and soul. I have heard militaristic speakers tell how many It is worth our while to examine somewhat more closely million Americans had defective teeth and adenoids and the effects of militarism. argue that therefore we need military training. Is rifle drill _·_.a cure for bad teeth? Is bayonet practice a remedy for ad~ INTERNATIONALISM noids? Much of our national ill health i~ due to insufficient Compulsory military training and service means the per- nourishment. In New York 21 percent of the school chi'ldren petuation of great establishments for the manufacture of are undernourished. Are we to cure this disease by taking arms. If these are under private or public contrc;>l it means young men to military camps or are we going instead to use that some man or nation has a monetary stake Jn weapons that money to give the children a chance? By all means we of destruction. It means that a group of officers is interested need physical training but well-informed doctors have· sucin increasing the diabolical efficiency of weapons of destruc- cessfully demonstrated that there are better forms of physical tion. It means the old race in armaments which constitute training than you can possibly get in military drill~ We want an actual physical barrier, to the free intercourse of peoples. the best, not a dangerous substitute. More tha·n that it means the erection of spiritual barriers. If President Wilson closed his stinging letter to Senator America is to be thus armed she must. have an enemy · to hate Chamberlain in these words: "I am bound to infer that your or some imperialistic ambitions to fulfill. In no other way statement sprang out of opposition to the administration's can a nation be persuaded to bear the burdens of conscrip- whole policy rather than out of any serious intention to retion. We know what our economic imperialists are planning; form its practice." That is to say, Senator Chamberlain's They will deflect our minds from our own problems by filling enthusiasm for universal. military training and service was the us With fear of Japan or some other power and use our armies chief reason for his denunciation of the Secretary of War to back up their own gaines of economic aggrandizement who had been brave enough to point out the inconsistency of among the weaker nations of the earth. Under these cir~ such a program with all America's professions as voiced by cumstances any league of the peoples of earth will become Mr. WiiM•n. In this case we who are bitterly opposed to a economically and psychologically impossible. You could not permanent policy of conscription are standing behind the have a United States of America if each state drilled all its ·president, and not only behind the president but behind all youth in the philosophy and practice of war, magnified in its liberals in every country who look for a new world. text books its own greatness, and directed the minds of its growing boys to fear the power of its neighbors. Neither LET TH.E PEOPLE VOTE ON WAR can you possibly have any league of nations worthy of the Each voter should sign his or her name to the ballot that · name under these conditions. We will simply return to the old system of international anarchy, of a world composed of is voted. In counting, the ballots for war should be kept armed a~d suspiciot,~s nations. ready to fight at the word of a apart from the ballots against war. In event of more than half of the population voting for war, those who voted for general staff. Are we to lear'? nothing from this tragedy? war should be sent to the front in the order in which they CONSCRIPTION AND DE1\10CRACY appeared at their respective polling places. Nobody who Universal service is the arch foe of democra~y. not its voted against war should be called to serve until everybody friend. The insidious danger of the plan of our security who voted for war had been sent to the front.-ALLAN L. leagues is that they present their wolf in sheep's clothing; BENSON. �Page twenty-two Tbe Boudin's War Western Comrade Analysi~ By Ida Crouch- Hazlett I I N view of the fact that the war was undoubtedly the issue in the late nation-wide, electoral campaign; that there is even at this date great confusion in the minds of the socialists of this country (and their psychology IS not unique) regarding a correct interpretation of the war, and its relation to capitalist society, and a pragmatic program of the proletariat; that the charge has been made of a right-about-face change of attitude in the midst of the mayoralty campaign; the incipient division of the party on the war issue; the .formation of the NationaL party; the apparent subservient, flunkyized position of American labor towards the war; the pendulum-like vibration of National versus International feeling; and, finally, the sad and discouraging phenomenon of the disintegration of the Second lntemational; in view of these facts, the scientific ability to reason out from the chaos · of facts to a lucid and logical conclusion is a prime, indispensable necessity towards formulating a plan of action for the working class, that will be effective, that will not make us ridiculous, that will be a lever with which to pry the capitalist monster and send him toppling a notch or two towards his inevitable downfall. As a material assistance in this direction I wish to call some attention to Louis B. Boudin's remarkable volume on "Socialism and the War." The lectures herein reproduced were delivered in 1914. Their publication in book form was delayed until 1915. The author asserts that nothing happened during the intervening year to throw any additional light upon his views, and the matter woo:: printed without change. Comrade Bouain for many years has been known to American socialists, and the international movement as well, through his scholarly "Theoretical System of Karl Marx," in which he refutes the critics who assert that the .theories of Marx are now out of date, in a masterly manner. He has taken time from his profession as a lawyer to add to the education of the American movement by constant contributions to its press, by a brilliant brochure on "Government by Judiciary"; while he conscientiou~ly continues his lectures on the elucidation of whatever coneerns the welfare of the working class. Comrade Boudin is now one of the editors of the "Class Struggle." a new magazine with a standard that immeditaety ranks it at the front of socialist publications in Americasomething of the nature of the old "International Socialist Review" at the time when Comrade A. M. Simons was the Editor. AUSTRO-HUNGARY ULTIMATUM On july 23rd the Austro-Hungarian government sent an ultimatum to Servia to punish those guilty of the murder of the Archduke Ferdinand. and to stop a propaganda that threatened to disrupt the empire. Little Servia's defiance must, h~e had backing no less than Russia; and there must have been strong reasons why a government that had suffered so much from regicides should back up regicides. The Kaiser urges upon his Russian cousins their common interest in punishing r.egicides; and finally pronounces the ukase that if Austria cannot have her way with Servia, Germany will go to war · with Russia and her allies. There would have been no fight if Germany had stayed out. She must have had vital interests to assert or defend. France did not enter in revenge for the war and indemnity of 1870. She was poorly prepared. England was no party to l,e original quarrel. Her sudden and inexplicable benevolence in claiming to be the protector of small nations is like Russia's protection of the Slavs. Why the desire to maintain Belgian neutrality and not that of Luxemburg? Why did Belgium allow herself to be crucified on the altar of the neutrality principle when a peaceful passage would have left her intact~ VARIOUS THEORIES The lectures from which the book is made are six in number. They are entitled: "Clearing the Ground"; "The Economic Causes of the War"; "The Ideologic Causes of the War"; "The Immediate Causes of the War and the Stakes Involved"; "The War and the Socialists"; "Socialist vs. Bourgeois Theories." Comrade Boudin says that principally all writers, and even · most socialist writers, have said that economic conditions were not the cause of the war. Among the various alleged reasons are: militarism, czarism, kaiserism, England's jealousy of Germany's growing trade, "autocratic institutions," "the ruling classes," to crush the oncoming revolution. He refers to joshua Wanhope, editor of the "Call", who puts it up squarely to Rothschild; with which conclusion Herman Cahn, American socialism's distinguished exponent of financial economics, to some extent, at least, agrees. The absurdity . of the kaiser theory is shown in the face of the Materialistic Conception of History; the czar theory is the same; militarism is not a first cause. The blaming of Sir Edward Grey- England's jealousy- is no better. England was making great concessions to Germany at this time with a view to keeping out of war. England and F ranee are ancient enemies. Their recent EXHAUSTIVE ANALYSIS contest over F ashoda and the territory of the upper Nile is Boudin's analysis is by far the most exhaustive that 'has still fresh. The capitalist c]ass in both the alliance and entente counbeen presented on the subject of the war. Wells, in "Italy, France, and Britain at War"; Steinmetz, in "America and the tries is suffering from tremendous destruction of property, and New Epoch"; Arthur Bullard in the "Diplomacy of the Great yet it is backing the war with money and life, and in all War"; Frederick C. Howe in "Why War?" "Iron and Steel" countries the capitalists are enthusiastic for it. Some stupenand many other sources that could be mentioned all con- dous capitalist interests must be involved. The "autocracy or democracy" fetish is ridiculous; othertribute some valuable information on the great social catwise the kaiser and czar should have been fighting together. astrophe. The theory of the ruling cla ss stampede is the only one that The value of Boudin's book is that he has the Marxian interpretation of international commercia! relations, secret dip- shows any appreciation of the law of cause and effect. But lomacy, foreign investments, capitalist inadequacy, and econ- methods employed do not sustain the idea of a sham battle .for destroying the revolutiona ry efficiency of the working class. omic necessity. In the beginning he presents two questions--!. Who or Wars may be_&.alled the mother of revolutions as well as their grave. Unpopular war hastens impendin~ revolutions. what caused the war? 2. What is it all about? \ ' �~ . The Western Comrade Page tw~ty-three . . nations. Germany was merely-primum intt;:.r pares. The rea-· The auth?r ~hen presents very · carefully the economi~ son is hot racial liut marvelous · economic development. She' causes contnbutmg to the war, to prove that they have not has become . the Jargest producer of iron and • steel : 'in· th~ suspended operation ' in the uniyerse. He does not deal with world. In 191 0 she produced h\~ce as much iron and. ~teel • ' ·. hackneyed general formulas, but with complicated, concrete ·as England, her nearest competitor. Two WilTS are really being waged; the war of· Russi~r anci problems. Capitalism is not particularly warlike; it prefers peace for profits. · The nineteenth century the period -of the Servia a·gainst Austria and GerinanY. in the Ea'st; .and Gergreatest development of_capitalism, was a disti"nctly peaceful many against England and France in the West. The war in century. There has been no generaLwar_since the close of - ~he East represents the first warlike _period of capitalism; that the Napolonic wars; no great war since the F ranco-Prussian m the West the third· and last stage of capitalism. That in the East is part of the march of the nations to the sea" Peter war. Capitalism has three epochs, one peaceful, and two warlike. · the · Great started Russia to the sea. Co~stantinople is the It is combative in its youth, as Germa.ny waged the Franco- lock between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean and the great Ocean beyond. The other powers have kept- the Turk Pru~si":n wa~ to assert itsejf. When it becomes full-grown, capitahsm Wishes to give attention to business-as Enaland in place to keep Russia -out. The Bosporus and Dardanelles and America have been doing. When past its zenith a;d on hold the· same vantage point in the East that Gibraltar does. the downward grade capitalism starts wars furiously to main- in the West. The Bosporus can be bridged and trains run ·_ tain its ·existence. E"ngland waged war continuously for · two from Europe to Asia. Servia and Austria are · competitors for -the western coast-" hundred years from the accession of Elizabeth through the line of the Balkan Peninsula. · · . ·. · Seven Years' war, and established her position as the leadina .Pan-Germanism is the political expression of Germany's commercial country of the world. She has been pacific since~ aspirations-a dream of. worfd empire with the old economic Her imperalistic character has been established without great wars. When the second Boer war came, the period of im- Roman .empire as a model- beginning at ·the Atlantic, from perialism ha:d set in. Enland's dominant interests had the Strait of Dover to the ScandiQavian mainland, running changed from Manchester to Birmingham; and the real power southeasterly, including Belgium, Holland, Germany, Austria, in present day politics is found in the market reports on iron Hungary, Balkafts, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, India, reaching and steel. When Chamberlain, of Birmingham, passed the the Pa.cific at the. Indian Ocean; welded by railroad lines other cabinet offices till he reached the Colonial Secretary- traversing the entire length. This would destroy England's , ship at the bottom, it meant that the era of world ploitics had carrier trade and .deprive her of India. She must therefore . fight. come. The Bagdad railway was the first practical step in this dirImperialism means that iron and steel have taken the place of textiles as the leading industry of c~pitalism. And im- ection. England balked this by shutting Germany from Kowperialism means war._ Textiles; therefore, mean peace-and eit, the terminal on the Gulf of Persia. In the contest of the I. \, powers in Morocco, England drove the German warship iron-and steel mean war. "Panther," from the harbor of ~adir. · War, instead of beginning August I, 1914, began October IRON AND STEEL POLICIES 7, 1908, when Austria announced that she had annexed BosThe recent developments of the economics of capitalism · nia and Herzegovina. · Servia must be ail Austrian dependcall for very different political policies when the surplus to be· ency for the Pan-German success. The blow was str-uck dis!Josed of is steel and iron in the place of personal consumunder the stimulus _o f an enorm~us production of iron and iible goods, as textiles. A market not only must be found steel; but in the name of German culture. · that can use, but a market that can pay. Iron and steel are . And the blow was struck b_a ck in the name of liberty and . costly, and the capitalist wo~ld must stimulate demand by mdependence, but really to protect the great interests which "civilizing" backward countries through "improvements" the nations have af stake. . Belgium wants to keep ·for her .. such as railroads, canals, etc. Hence the "exportation ·of o~n capitalists the lucrative trade of Antwerp which Germany capital" to create markets. There · is also a change in the Wishes to transfer to German capitalists. process of distribution- the more developed parts of capitalism produce mainly _the means of production, while the less THE WAR AND THE SOCIALISTS developed produce ' means of consumption. In this chapter, the fifth, discussing the various doctrit;~s THE CHANGE FROM TEXTILES TO IRON AND STEEL IS THE REAL CAUSE OF THi:. CHANGE IN· CAPITALISM of peace, the cold militarist idea of necessity, and the huFROM A PEACEFUL TO A WARLIKE MOOD WHICH HAS manitarian view, which looks on war as only hideous butBROUGHT ABOUT THE IMPERIALISTIC ERA~ AND IS chery and criminal waste, the author holds to the belief that war, while abhorrent in itself, may nevertheless, become an THE RSAL CAUSE OF THE PRESENT WAR. Investors want dividends ; backward countries do not furn- engine of human progresji. It depends on the point of view · ish them; "concessions" must be granted which is a mode of and the stage in evolution of any particular race. Rus ·ia a nd Servia are on their mardi to the sea, and -~re payme'IIt for the iron and steel. Forced loans are made on backward countries. All these interests must be protected by f1ghting for independent economic existence. International socialists have shown widely divergent views the home government. Governments must protect their colonies from outside in- since the present conflict. The test of war which Marx made . vestors; they must seek new territory for future investment. was: Was the war making for human progress? The German bourgeoisie, coming upon the historic stage This is imperialism. later than its western neighbors, passed from one warlike IMMEDIATE CAUSES . period into another without the intervening peaceful period. Germany has led the world in disseminating this "super" It now must fight its rivals on one hand ·and its working creed to its people; its mission to spread its 'Culture" among class with the other. The time when the bourgeoisie could inferior nations. . This leadership has made it the aggressor go to war for liberty and progress is past. The guardianship in the war. But this does not deny the guilt of the other (Continued on Page 36) ECONOMJ:C CAUSES / J J f• �Page twenty-four The Western Comrade .D ead Leaves B y. P a u I EI d r i d g e T HE old woman lay outstretched in the unpolished coffi~. 1 [ ~ She seemed straight now, and tall, although when alive two days ago, she was tiny and bent, her head always scanning the earth, disproving thus man's majesty, that he alone of all animals looks directly into. God's million eyes, the t tars. Her face showed unpleasantly the contour of her sK"ull; indeed, it was al~eady a skeleton, but covered with . thin yellow leather not to hurt the sight of th~ living, and there was nothing about her toothless lips to indicate that divine smile generally accorded to the dead. The room was still very neat. The old woman had always been a fine housekeeper. She would raise her bony, bent body as soine thin dog · that stands on his hind legs, and would clean every speck upon the walls and the humble furniture. When she lay dying on her bed, her eyes, which were sharp and far-sighted, noticed some unclean spot upon the ceiling. She raised her hand feebly, and made a motion as though cleaning the place; her old husband and an aged neighbor who was there, whispered to each other that she probably saw the Angel of Death coming down upon her, and she tried to drive him ~ff. It w then that they knew in all w her poor closed eyes rested certainty that she was cly'ng. forever from the annoyan f ll"s muddy planet, and a few flies felt at liberty to buzz undaunted about the room, even at times touching their dead enemy's eyelids or sharp almost needle-like nose. Within an hour or two the undertaker was to come, and remove the corpse. Meanwhile two old women, next door neighbors, were sitting at the window, whispering to each , other. "Yes, she was a good soul, and cleaner than any woman I've ever known." "I remember when I was sick last year, she kept her Jwn house and mine, and never seemed tired out." ' "She had a wonderful constitution. You know, I thought many times 'this crippled little body will outlive another generation of strong people.' And J\ow, here she is dead." And s.h e . sighed a loi1g sigh that fills the lungs to the apex, and cheers one. "I should not be surprised to see her get off, and begin clean around.~' . The husband of the diseased sat in a dark corner of the room, a yellow-faced man, bald to the neck, and shaking incessantly his head, as if to say to ali things "No, no." His eyes were widely open, but he saw nothing at all. Of all the seventy-five years that he had lived, it seemed nothing had remained. A mocking wind had blown away the debris of memory immaculate, as mocking autumn winds whirl around the dried, twisted leaves of withering trees, and whistle them far off, leaving the ground spotless. For ~ore than a half-century that littie body in the coffin had been his faithful wife; for more than a half-century they loved each other, first passionately, then, as the years passed on, quietly as brother and sister. It was a fire that burst forth in long tongues of flame, then gradually subsided, covered itself with a hillock of ashes, but never died out, and always kept warm. They had a little son, who died many years before; they had friends, who were all buried; they had money which was lost; they had la1.1ghter, and tears and hope~ and disillusions, but all these things, this kaleidoscope of life, had been washed off the screen, and the screen L.;::. and th= awJ~~ tho old man "' budill.d up in the large chair, the straw of which was coming out of its heav>' belly, and saw nothing, knew nothing of seventy-five years. "I don't know ·why people want to live many years," whispen~d one of the old women to the other. · · . "I suppose it's because· they've never known what it is to be old. . Now~ what do you think her old man will do without her?" "She was a wonderful wife- to him." "He was never so easy to get along with-very irritable." "I suppose he'll be taken care of by the charities.': "The charities!" exclaimed the other, and laughed like the nerve racking tearing of fuzzy cloth, showing two long yellow teeth, one in either jaw, "don't you know what the charities are?" "I don't think he has any relatives. I never saw any come up." "No, it was rather a mysterious couple-never talked of themselves." "Who knows what their life has been?" Then each woman's mipd painted on a swiftly turning canvass a life for the silent corpse and her silent husband. These were in general unpleasant lives, suspicious, vulgar, obscei1e, crowded with pain and disillusion, lives that old disappointed women, like old disappointed gods, could create. "You can never tell who people are." "Yes, it's true-you can't." "When is the undertaker supposed to come?" "Should be"here by · this time." "I am getting chilled. I should like to .go in and make me a cup of warm coffee." · "I guess we better wait, anyhow. He seems all upset today." . Then there was si"lenc~ again. The old woman lay eternally still in her coffin, her old husband, weary, fell asleep in the large chair, whose straw was dripping slowly, the flies buzzed dreamily about the corpse, the old women were looking out of the window and thinking of their kitchens, of warm clothes, of coffee, of dead old women, and poor old men. The undertaker came, the· coffin was sealed, and carried out. The ·· old women followed, shedding a few cold tears. The door was closed with a bang. The old man deep in h!s . chair was forgotten. He was not supposed to follow tile · hearse, anyway. He had heard no noise, and was sleeping on. Then he awoke and looked about him~ It seemed to him that something strange had taken place; he tried to recollect for a few minutes, but the canvass of life was being washed incessantly clean of all the pictures. He arose. walked to the cupboard, took some cpffee, that his wife had made, for she made coffee for -a wee!.c at a time, warmed it. and drank, while his little head ba(d to the neck, shook and shook, saying to all things, "No, no." The wind, the master piper, whistled his eternal te deum through the chimney. The Why of War The only way to save our emphes from the encroachment .of the people is to engage in war, and thus substitute national passions for social aspirations.-Catherine. II of Russia. If. my soldiers were to begin to think, not one of them woul remain in the ranks.-Frederick the Great of Prussia. �Pag~ ~ent)'-li.ve of Poems YOU ARE MY BROTHER You thrust a poisoned dagger in my breastBut I could not hate you. You bound me .with cruel thongs And struck me ·in the faceBut in my eyes there was_only sorrow. You pursued me like a bea~t And caged me in dark placesBut I knew that the light would break for youSome day! You builded me a cross and a scaffold, You killed me many timesBut still I loved you. YOU ARE MY BROTHER! - RUTH LE PRADE TWO HEROES Two mothers there were in two lands far apart, And each had an only son shrined in her heart, Two laddies, as merry as merry could be, The angels laughed with them, .so pure was their glee. One lad said his prayers with a guttural burr, And one lisped the words with a soft Southern slur; But each curly head at each fond mother's knee Bowed to the one Father of all who may be. They went, both sincerely, both cheered and approved By teachers and preachers they revered and loved, To batter down cities, to ma,Hn and to kill, And each one was told he was do~ng God's will. They stood face to face on the edge of a: dell, That others, just like them, had turned to a hell, And fury swept over thelll. both like a flood As they- went down in one common welter of blood. The The The The i bloody mock swallowed them ere life was gone; eyes that with heaven's own beauty had shone, lips many dear ones had clingingly pressed, locks mother hands had but lately caressed. PRESS ON! There comes the voice of many women weepmg Like times of old, While reason is. dethroned artd justice sleeping,· 'Neath cross of gold; And near our door the ~hadow's ever creeping · Of grief untold. From out the depth · we hear new vo1ces calling, To win the fight; The mist back from the mountain top is fa:~ing, Before the light, And 'greed must loosen soon her chains enthralling, . And hide by right. From out the east the first faint light 1s stea!ing, Have hope-push on! A silver bell in rare clear tones is pealing, Press on-hope on ! For labor shall no more in chains be kneeling, Hope on-fight on! - j. C. CONE SOMEWHERE-AFTER THE WAR They sat on .a bench in a village park, Fighting old battles o'er. One was fair, and one was da rk ; And-there were . many more. One held a crutch, and wore one shoe, And one had a withered hand ; Each bore traces of things he knew But did not understand. In the golden sunset of the west One saw wide fields of grain ; A low farm-house upon the crestHe blinked, and looked again. And good men applauded that orgy of hate, Praised each as a brave lad for killing his mate, Grieved only each could not have killed without loss, And dared ~o compare them t9 Christ on the Cross. One looked where the eastern shadows nse, And shifted his lonely shoeHe plumbed for deeps in the vaulted skies, Because her eyes were blue. Two mothers there were in two lands far apart, A hero &on shrined in each desolate heart ; With this consolation, that each hero son Had murdered the other before he was done. -ROBERT WHITAKER Then each one rose and went. his way, With a sigh for the unfulfilled; For it was the close of a perfeCt dayAfter the guns were stilled. - WARREN M'CULLOCH ' '· �Pa~ tweuty-six -T he Song of ~he _ Han-gman B y · L u k e ·N o r t h am the hangman- am the public Hangman- Paid to strangle boys, men, women- Focus of the world's crudty, Whoever is caught in the snarled meshes Cumu~us of its hate, Of the Big Net _ Threaded _in the vengef~l penal code, Sum total of its fear and ignorance. My days and ways and dreams Are of biO<J9. Woven by detectives, judges, and lawyers On the warp of Poverty. For I am ne· who kills, killsFor a monthly wage am the hangmanHired by the · Ladies and Gentlemen Paid by the State. To suffocate their brothers and ~isters­ am the Han~man­ Mercenary descendant Because ten thousand years ago Of old judge Lynch, Of wealth, piety, position, and culture \· Whose ways were quic~. crude, mercifulAnd I, more often than he did, Hang the wrong man. Marauding herders imposed "the law" On conquered peasants. My ways are refi1;1ed. I am am the HangmanWho throttles the victims of the Net Cold and In an obscure corner of a With critical eye for the long tortures Gloomy room in the state pnson Of those who wait in the Death Cell. Where the moans and· curses ~echanical~the paid ghoul am the State's Hangman- Will be hushed The conscience of every voter, From the delicate ears His malice and savagery. Of wives and mothers. I am bolder t_han he, for I do what he dare not do. But they hear and feel me! Ill-fed mothers embrace me; My ferocity is hisMy courage Their unborn babes are mine IS my own. Whe~ chance calls; am the Hangman~ In the womb I stamp them. The State's hired butcher of men. Vain is your hiding of meAll the fearsome and weak are mme, -Whose passions outrun their mentalities, I am the avatar From dungeons of the Jnquisition, And ye are the mob that gloa'ted. Whose spleens are more developed Long live the lust of blood! Than their brains! ' When my trade is gone Men will cease to kill each other. For I am the lethal god- I am the Hangman- Whose face is hidden in Clouds of passion. I am Who does the work the judge The god of the abnormal. 1 Orders but ha~ not the _"sand" I obsess the weak of will. To perform. Into ·every open ear I whisper I am the sign of the incapacity "Murder! " I am Of modern people to treat The color red that turns to black- The crime of murder intelligently. And while I live I am the ignorance and stupidity No soul evades md Of the Christian mob. I \ ,_ • �---, The Wester n Comrad.e • Page twealy-snea. The Capta.in· .of His ·Soul:' By Mary Allen R UTH ~ad just slipped four big loaves and a pan o~ light her arm. He opened his eyes. He did not offer t9 ~ov~. rolls mto the oven when her father opened the kttchen and Ruth not knowing whether he could or would not, began door. . . . to tremble with nervousness and fear. Then he strajptened "Ruth,''' he .said, "you'll have to look after the store for at once. · an hour or so: Mother just phoned that Sid's car broke . "I'm all right now,". he said. "It was the smell of the down, and he can't bring her home. She says the. Ladies' · bread. I've been walking since four thia morn~. The Aid meets this afternoon and she has to be here to hel~ plan ·sun's 'Pretty -hot and I haven't eaten since yesterday monring•. for the social. I guess I'll have to fetch her.'~ . I'd have been all right if I hadn't smelled the bread. Ob-h." "All right, Daddy," Ruth replied, "I'm all through in here His voice died away as another fragrant whiff was borne anyway, ·~xcept baking the bread. I can manage." in through the open door. Here was an emergency that Ruth It had been a busy morning for Ruth, her mother gone, could understand. · · and baking day at that. But Ruth was always calmly equal "Your'e hungry! Actually h~ngry! Wait a minute." to any domestic emer.gency. And she was accustomed -to She flew to the .kitchen and soon returned with a plate helping her father in the store. The Woodington home was heaped with bread and butter, and a glass of milk. merely an a.:ldition to the · l~rger store buildi-ng, the two being "We nev~r turn anyone · away from our door hungry. connected by a short arbor covered with ho_neysuckle and Wo~,tld you hke me to wrap the bread" in a piece of paper?" morning glory. · He had reached impulsively for the bread, but at her words Ruth turned the stove damper at the proper angle, ·re- he recoiled. He rose to his feet, _a trifle shakily. moved her kitchen apron, fluffed her hair before the bedroom "I am very sorry," he said in his peculiarly soft slurring window, smiled at the delicate prett,iness she saw reflected voice, 'but I cannot do you this favor.'' there, frowned because she had been vain enough to smile; "Do ME this favor?" cried Ruth, astonished. "What favor?" then hastily betook herself to her clerical duties. Now and then; between measuring percales and ginghams "Of taking your bread that you may enjoy your charity.'' and counting eggs for various customers, she scurried into "Oh, I didn't mean it that way! Please take the bread. the kitchen to take a peep at the bread. Finally she turned You're faint. I cannot bear to see anyone suffer." · it onto a clean towel and buttered the crisp brown top and "I see. It's for the sake of your .too tendef heart. You . sides. It sent out a delicious ffagrance that permeated the wish to shield yourself from the pai'n i~ you. No, I cannot do you this favor either." whole room. Returning after this final excursion, she found a young Ruth, the very essence of gentleness and sweetness, was · · man leaning against the counter. not accustomed to rebukes. He turned at her silenee...-and.. , .. .\t her approach he straightened and removed his cap. He in~~antly his stilted, offended dignity turned to boyish con\ was a stranger, perhaps a workman from the construction tntJon. camp, she thought, where the old bridge was being r7built. . "Oh, don't ~ok like that! I'm sorry. But a dog-andThen her glance rested upon a bundle of blankets at his feet. bone, cast-your-bread-upon-the-waters hand-out always makes She stopped short. No one carried blankets but hoboes, and me furious. I'll starve before I'll eat them. But heavens! hoboes in her neighborhood were considered unsafe to meet How I want that bread~" alone. Not that any specific crime had been laid at their He approached iteagerly. "I . have a pl(\n! Here! Eat a door, but on the general principle that only bad men would piece with me!" ·wander about the country. "Oh no! " Ruth drew back . . "Why?~' . When Ruth was moved for any reason, her lips had a way of .quivering, slightly. They did so now . . The young man "I couldn't. A"7'""'"a stranger--" noted it, a nd his friendly smile of greeting changed to one "It can't be wrong for a man and woman to eat bread· of more reserve. and butter together. Surely not.". "Good' morning," he said. "Can you · tell me if there is Put that way it did not seem wrong. Ruth dimpled, broke any work to be had in this neighborhood?" . off a small piece, handing him the rest. He ate with an Ruth reflected a moment. "There might be something at intense and sober satisfaction, then drank the milk. · the construction camp, and Mr. Staufche~ is looking for a "It's a good omen, our eating bread together. I've changmilker at his dairy." ed my mind. I'm goir.g to stay here. Where does Mr.Her fear vanished. She noted that although his shoes and what's his name-live? clothes were dusty and travel-stained, his face was clean"Sta_ufchek? I'm so glad," she said earnestly, "that you shaven and his dark hair shorn and sleekly parted. are gomg to settle down to steady work and make a man of He shook his head. "I don't want a permanent job--just yourself." some way to earn a few d9llars before I go on.'' "Oh! Make a man ~;~f myself! I thought I-. Yes. I've She stiffened at this speech-so like a hobo. "Very well," resolved to make a man of myself, milking cows for Mr. she began, "if you--" Staufchck. I must hurry or Mr. Staufchek might begin makShe got no ·further. Suddenly the man shut ~is eyes. ing a man of some one .else before I get there. M\lny "Oh!" he exclaimed. · And again-"Oh-h-h! " faintly. thanks, dear lady, for your kindness in receiving a stranger Then to Ruth's horror he sat down on a keg, and dropping as your guest." his head on the counter: quietly fainted. The little hostess looked after · her self-styled guest with While Ruth might be calmly equal to any domestic emer- some misgivings. Had she been too familiar with this s.trange gency, in other decisive moments she was like a young bird young man-a hqbo at that? . dropped from the nest. When she found herself she had "I wish he wasn't a hobo! But at least I had some sOQd lifted the stranger's head and it was resting in the curve of influence with hint." �n - · Page twenty-eight 1 - 1':> The II Comrade . "Methodist!" he gazed at her with a look, half laughter, · half dismay. "A dear sweet, prim little Methodist!" Then observing her quick . displeasure-"! was speaking of the church-the-uh-architecture. I'll be there Sunday even- · ing. Goodbye-" he halted questioningly. "Ruth Masters," she supplied: "Goodbye, R--Miss Masters, till Sunday." He opened his campaign the first ~ime he found her alone in the store. He had just bought a quantity of cigarette papers and tobacco. "I've learned to milk," he volunteered hopefully, as she wrapped them No reply. #f. #f. ~ #f. #f. "I'd be real happy if it wasn't for Sister." "Sister?" she asked involuntarily. She bit her tongue . III He was there the following Sunday. Arms folded, quietly to punish it. · . . "Yes. Sister always tries to put her foot in the pail." attentive, he sat through the long service, and at its end "Oh!" . · Ruth rewarded him with a smile. The next Sunday found "I named her Sister before I milked. She has such a him in the same place, and the next. In the little town of mild face. But she'll like me bette; when she comes to kn~w Tillburt, the church was the social center, the open road to the good graces of the village housewives, and in a short me." "Fifty cents, please," was Ruth's "reply to that. time he was received at socials and other church festivities, He reached in his pocket and accidentally drew out the and, what he so dearly desired-into Ruth's home. exact change. Hastily he thrust it back and proffered her a After a time he strolled home with her every Sunday evendollar. · ing al)d it grew to be the custom Jor the two to pass other "People usually like me better when they come to know evenin-gs together on the Masters' front porch, or sitting on me." His soft voice turned the words into a plaintive ques- the bench beneath the honeysuckle in the arbbr, or with Ruth playing the piano in the parlor, while he watched and listention. "They would like you better," Ruth replied, "If you would ed fi-om the depths of a big arm chair . . He made no secret · of his infatuation. Naturally audacious and warmly imbe better." "Better? Do you mean the hoboing? I don't have to do pulsive, it was a hard game he was playing. · But Ruth could that. I was on a sightseeing trip. I have a trade. See." be wooed in her own way only. It was hard, but he set himHe drew from his pocket a red card which stated that he was self to the task. He had established a regular proposing a paid-up member of a New York branch of the Stone Cut- time-nine-thirty o'clock every Sunday evening. She as regularly declined, but each time it was a less positive denial. ters' Union . · "That makes it all the worse," said Ruth. "And it doesn't "Wait just a little while longer," she would say, and fiexplain this ." She pointed to the package. "It's unhealthy." nally one night-"lt isn't that I don't want to, but...after all, you're almost "Do I look unhealthy?" "No, but you will in time. And besides it's bad to smoke a stranger to me." "You aren't a stranger to me. I know every little nerve -it's immoral." Th!!n with deep and wily intuition, he fired his big gun-a and fibre of you. You've known me as long as I have you . Why am I a stranger? I've told you all about myself." deep and painful sigh. "What differenct:- does it make? Nobody cares for me." "That's what has made you seem a stranger. You're so He gloomed at the counter, then fired again. "What a man different from me. It makes me afraid to-to--" needs is a good woman's influence. I think I'll take to the "To love me? Why are you so shy of that word? Why am I different? Because my parents w-ere Italian and yours road again." "No, you mustn't go back to that wicked life." American? Because my hair's black· and your's is yellow? "Yes, it's a terrible life-awful! Such temptation for a Because my eyes are black and your's are blue? young man! But who cares? Thank you for your kindness "No, but your ways are different-you're calling me a Puto me. Goodbye--" His soft voice broke pathetically ritan and laughing at our minister and church customs--" ·on the words. "If that's all, I'll never do it again. I was only in fun. Ruth melted. Was it not her plain Christian duty to heip I'll never do it if it hurts you." this strugglin_g soul to a better life? Her very mother would "And the way you dress. I suppose even while we were say so. She held out her hand. being m-married you'd wear those soft collars and cor". "You mustn't go. I'm your friend. I'm sure there is a duroys." great deal of good in you." "How would you like me to dress?" "Do you really think so?" Ht held her hand fervently. "Of course it's all right ·while you're working, but when "And will you help me and encourage me?" you go to other places, especially when you go to see a girl, "Yes." In his eagerness he seemed to have forgotten to I should think you would--" She lost courage here. return her hand. She tried to withdraw it. But his feelings were not injured. He actually laughed . . "Perhaps with your help I'll be a man yet. May 1--" "Wear those stiff collars and a Hart Schaffner and Marx.· I "You're holding my hand." understand." "Oh; was I? Forgive me. May I come to see you?" "Why don't you?" She pondered over it. "Not yet. First you must show ''I'm a working man, a laborer. Why should I turn myself that you really want to be better. And besides, Mother into a cheap imitation of another class? I'm too proud of wouldn't like it. The first thing you must do is to go to my own. But it's a small matter. · I'll do it for you." chnrch." In the pricle of her victory she was about to ask for an"Church Me! " other and vital concession, his tobacco, when he added care"Mother will never trust you unless you do." Then, lessly: ashamed of this too temporal reason-"And, besides, it will "I used to wear them, but another girl made fun of them. do you good. It isn't much to ask, is it?" . I saw she was right.' "I' guess not-for you." "And I am wrong," Ruth said stiffly. All thought of corShe pointed to a steeple seen through the open door. recting his shortcomings vanished. She wanted to know ''That's the church I go to-the Methodist." more about the other girl. up. I ....... Western /1 rI l �The Western Comrade Page twenty-nine· "I think so, dear. But it's a small matter. I like to d~ put life into dead men like you i' And she said, 'Oh, you things for you." · working men! How can you be so sodden when the whole· "And for her?" world is yours for the takjng !' "Yes. Anything I could." "Then I begun to tell her about the har.::l time I'd had all ..CVou must care for her a great deal." my life and she interrupted me, said she didn't want to hear "I fove her." anything about it, that she couldn't endure a man that was "just now you said you--cared for me." conquered before he'd fairly started out-1 was only twenty "No I didn't, I' said I loved you. Good heavens, can't a then, that was three ·years ago--and she wound up 'by calling man love two women? She's the best friend I have in the me a coward, and then said, 'Listen!' And I listened while world. And you're my sweetheart. Don't you see?" sh.e said that poem. Then I begun t~ see myself as she saw Ruth did not see. me. I WAS a coward. And when I got better I went' to hear "She taught me something that changed my whole life, or her ta'lk, and she ga;·e me books to read and had me study that made me change my life." · grammar and English and got me interested in the stars and "What?" evolution and biology and Walt Whitman and Karl Marx and "That I am master' of my fate." Socialist and Labor movement and -op well, she . opened a "No, that isn't true." wonderful new world to me.'' "Is she-pretty?" "Not true?" He sighed ruefully. "No. I guess it isn't. guess you're the master of my fate now, the captain of my "Not to others, perhaps. She's beautiful to me. She is soul. Take good care of it, Captain." coming to Cal ifornia soon. Then I want you· to see her and ' know her and like each other." "You know I don't mean that." "Never!" cried Ruth vehemently. "Dear- " she leaned "I see. You meant your God. This is what Netta taug.ht toward him with her prettiest carressing gesture . me: His heart went out to meet the endearment. "Darling!" 'Out of the night that covers me, "Socialists are bad people. Couldn't you give up all for Black as the pit from Pole to Pole, me if I would promise--" I thank whatever Gods may be "There are some things a man mustn't be asked to do, For my unconquerable soul. Ruth. Don't ask it. It's living in this town that has given you such a warped idea. Sometime you 'II feel different about 'In the fell clutch of circumstance it." I have not winced nor cried aloud, "But if ~ say y-yes, at least you will--" Beneath the bludgeonings of chance "Oh Ruth! Not now! Give yourself to me! Don't My head is bloody, but unbowed. make me buy you. Say yes just because you want to say it!" "Y-yes." 'It matters not how straight the gate, How charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate, IV I am the captain of my soul.' Ruth had learned the power of a tremulous lip and a "That poem has helped me over many a rough piece of coaxing smile. Now she learned of a deeper power. road. My head's been bloody a good many times since then, "You Anglo-Saxons are so cold,". he grumbled one evenbut it's never been bowed, nor never will be." ing, "so afraid of love and kisses. There you go! Tucking Ruth had scarcely heard the poem. down your head so all I ever get is a dab on top of your head "Her name is Netta?" or the side of your ear! You've never kissed me yet." "Yet. She is a nurse in a hospital when she isn't soap''I'd rather not, till we're married," she whispered, all shyboxing." ness as always. Then she sensed an opportunity. "Perhaps "Soap-boxing! Where did you meet her?" I might, if you would do something for me," she said in her • "I was cutting letters on the front of a new office building gentle coaxing voice. and I fell off the scaffold and hurt my knee. They took me "What an old-fashion,ed little girl you are!" to the hospital and Netta was my nurse.'' "Old-fashioned?" "Oh!" was the reply Ruth made. "Yes, it's going out of fashion for a woman to put a price · "She asked me how I came to fall and I told her it just my ori her charms, making a man pay for every privilege because luck. I'd always been unlucky. 'Luck!' she said, 'Luck! he must have what only she can give. Well, Captain," with A big husky like you talking about his luck!' " a sigh, "what do you want now?" "Oh!" this time ' rith the coldest disapproval. "You know I never ask for anything for myself. It's for "Then she wormetl out of me what I hadn't realized my- your go<><t.----l)on't you know there's something you do that self. I'd been out the night before, four of us fellows to- is bad for you?" gether, and we'd drunk four dozen bottles of beer." "Yes, Ruth, you've told me often enough." "Oh!" this time in a tone .of horror. "But still you smoke, in spite of what I say." "I got in at four in the morning and went to work at seven. "I roll about twenty-five a day, but it's seldom smoke So she showed me that if it was my luck that made me fall that many." off the scaffold, I'd made the luck. Then~.she asked me what "It's a bad habit.'' I spent an evening like that for and I told her that if she'd "I suppose so." chopped stone year in and year out from seven in the morn"Won't you stop?" She leaned closer. Her arms m their ing till five at night, she'd get soused too. It's darn mon- short sleeves crept round his neck. She brushed their delotonous. She said, 'I wouldn't. .I work twelve hours a day icate inner surface softly against his cheek. She-had learned and longer and when I get a few hours to- myself, I do some- the power of that little movement one time by chance, when thing there's real joy in.' I asked her what, and she said, she wonderingly had seen it leave him faint of voice, strange'Reading and scheming and planning how to make that twelve ly shaken and easy of persuasion. hours shorter for every one that has to work, and trying to "If you will promise me this and close your eyes tight, I ., l ' .. �Page . tiUrty The Western Comrade might--" The curve of her arm brushed his cheek softly. '1 promise--" he whispered huskily. "There!" She sprang away. "Remember! You've promised! No more cigarettes ! " \ I loved. ''I'm cold." He drew her close at that. "Would you mind getting my shawl? It's m the hammock on the porcll." >f. >[. 'f. 'f. 'f. Obedi'ently he brought the shawl. v "Thank you. You're such a good boy. What shall I -do So Ruth learned the power of soft arms and moist lips. -!o pay you?" -But I will never use my power except for his good," she "Go to Los Angeles with me," he said eagerly. would soberly tell herself. "Always for his good." ·. Her arms en.twined his neck, their delicate inner surface He had begun to have queer moods of late-"the jumps" brushing his cheeks. he called them or sometimes "the blues." · Often of evenings "Ask something ·else first, something--" her voice was after he had left Ruth he would walk for miles out into the almos.t inaudible- "I can.,...-do-right-now." open country; at other times sit silent and listless, staring out "Do you mean that?" She could feel his body grow tense. across the bare brown beet fields that separafed Tillburt from "I will" speaking breathlessly, "be your fairy godmother tonight-and you'll make one request-and it will be yours." · the rest of the world. "Ruth," he burst out suddenly 'one evening, "I can't live "Anything?" like this! Come away somewhere with me, won't you? To "Yes!" she gasped. San Francisco or even to Los Angeles, anywhere where there's "There are so many precious things I might ask," he said, some life and action ! " · speaking slowly and carefully, "that I, must think before I Ruth shook her head. Sometime perhaps, but not yet. decide." . · ·"Besides I couldn't possibly be ready before Christmas. And He was very still for a few minutes. "Godmother," he said at Christmas when we're married, you know Father is to finally, "There's a girl that I love. If she would let me, for take you in the store." just a .little while, put my hand on her heart and feel it beat 'Til loathe store-keeping. I want to work at my trade. -I'd ask that. Will she?" I want to be with other working men and women. Oh, I have She was motionless, as speechless as stone. such wonderful plans, Ruth! I want to talk them over with "There my darling. Is it so terrible to look love in the others, in a certain room I know, all full of clouds of tobacco face? Such a warm, tender little heart! It could not bear smoke! I want the city, the faces on the street, the night to see me hungry. How fast it beats! What a strange, lovelights and the God-blessed city' noise! If those frogs in the ly piece of work a girl is!" marsh don't stop their croaking, I'll go mad!" Still no answer. "Poor boy!" Ruth gently soothed him. "I suppose it's "I appreciate it, dear, your giVIng me this little taste of doing without cigarettes that makes you so irritable. Please heaven. And I wont abuse your kindness. You're like a deltry to be patient, and you'll come out all right. I'll help you." icate flower to me, I wouldn't bruise the least little petal." "You' re an angel-no less-to put up with my bad She lifted her drooped head. humors. Oh, Ruth! If you won't go away with me, marry "If you really mean what you say, you will do what I ask." me right now! I'm growing deadly sick living on crumbs!'' "Oh Ruth! How can you-now!,· But Ruth could not. She was not quite ready. She sooth"Don't ~o to Los Angeles! Give it up for me! Give it ed him and coaxed him into a mood by fluffing his hair with up!, her small fingers till it stood up in a waving pompadour. She "Hush, dear? Don't you see you're trying to steal my had persuaded him to let it grow long because, she said, it manhood?" made him look so dark and distinguished. Gradually the "Hold me dose-closer-and promise to give it up-Netta lines in his face relaxed. and all the rest." "Perhaps," she said softly, as her fingers busied themselves,~ "No-you torture me.' "I will go to the city some day--" "Will you say no when I kiss you-like this-and this-" ''Oh Ruth, if you only would! " "Oh, my little love!" "When you have done the one thing I so. much want." "Promise, if you love me!" "We've gone into that so many times. Won't you please "Don't do that Ruth! I can't endure it!" drop it?" He stirred restlessly, his ·face growing taut again. "Promise dear, and I will reward you." Ruth sighed. In some such way he had always answered "Yes- yes, I promise- now reward- me- - My God! .· her when · she pleaded for "this one thing"-the surrender of What am I saying? I won't promise! Take them awayhis socialistic aims, his avowed revolutionary purposes, his your lips!" . • friendship with Netta. Soft, coaxing arms and moist lips had He thrust out his arms in his agony and pushed her from so far failed to move him. But as Ruth, when discouraged, him. All unexpected, it came. She tried to catch herself, sometimes told herself, "constant dripping would wear away slipped, and fell to the ground, her head striking the corner stone," and her lover was not stone. Besides during her en- of the bench. ? gage01ent she had grown wise as to the strange way of men, "Ruth! I've hurt you! .f was rough! Did it cut your and she felt that she had keen, untried weapons with which cheek? Let me see." to wear him down, could she bring herself to use them. That She arose slowry and backed away from him. was the trouble-she could not bring herself to use them. "Don't touch me! " she whispered, wtpmg a little spot of One evening he rushed eagerly into the little arbor where oozing blood from her cheek. Ruth was waiting for him. "You're hurt! I've hurt you!" "Ruth, what do you think? Netta is to come to Los Ang"Don't come near me, you- brute!" eles on a speaking tour! I've just had a letter. Now you He stood silent and transfiied. can know each other. You'll go with me to hear her, won't "My instinct always told me y~u were bad, but I wouldn't you?" listen. Now I know." Ruth began to tremble. The crisis had come. "Ruth, you can't mean it! You can't! Why, we've just "Sit down and we'll talk about it," she parried. She sat been to the door of heaven together!" down close to him with the litt~ nestling motion she knew he. (Continued on Page 38) / - }' . .~. , J �The Western Comrade Page thirty-one Poverty and The .Single Tax I By Sam u e I Danziger, Associate Editor "The Public·." N August of 1913 a Boston artist, Mr. joseph Knowles, undertook a singular experiment. Naked and emptyhanded, he entered the wilderness of northern Maine, stayed there two months without getting in touch with a single human being, and then emerged in sound health, fully clothed in skins of animals and carrying a supply of the rude tools and weapons he · had made and used. He had demonstrated the possibility of a madern civilized man earning his . living among primitive conditions. Whatever his financial · condition in civilized society may have been, the condition in which he entered the woods was one of absolute destitution. He had not as much material wealth available as the poorest tramp or pauper. But he had what is denied · to workers in civilization, an opportunity to apply his labor to natural resources without payment of an exorbitant price for the privilege. Let us suppose now, that Mr. Knowles had tried something more; that instead of going naked and alone into the wilderness he had gone accompanied by a group of workers, fully clothed, and carrying supplies a nd machinety needed to develop whatever possibilities that particular wilderness· may hold. What would have been the result? Although the region is a wilderness, in practically the same condition as when Columbus made his first voyage, it is private property. The owners who had no objection to Mr. Knowles' lonely experiment would have been less hospitable to this one. The party would have been served with notice to leave under penalty of prosecution for trespass. If they had tried to compromise by offering to buy or rent they would have received demands, compliance with which would have deprived them of all the benefits of their enterprise. Private ownership of land makes civilized workers poorer than an absolutely naked man alone on land he is free to use. Let us suppose again. What if for some reason or other the owners had to consider it inadvisable to interfere? The work of developing the wilderness could then have proceeded.. The settlers would have had an independent living of some kind. Workers in the factories of Maine and other parts of New England would have looked on with interest. Some would have become restless enough to leave their work and cast in their lot with the pioneers. Others would not have gone so far; but the knowledge of the existence of the op. portunity would have made them more independent. Dread of loss of jobs would have diminished or disappeared and the condition of workers generally would have improved. Moreover, men with idle capital would have noted the chance to employ it productively and profitably. There would have been a further increase of demand for workers with further improvement of economic conditions. In this way abolition of land monopoly throughout the United States could make the emancipation of American labor a fact. 'faxation of labor products tends to discourage and restrict produ~tion . Taxation of dogs restricts the number of dogs in a community. Taxation of saloons keeps down the number of ~aloons. Must not taxation of houses, facmries and other things that we want have a similar restrictive effect? But taxation of land values works otherwise. The amount of land is fixed. There can never be more or less than there is now. Taxation of it makes it harder to hold unused: It tends to drive the owner either to use it himself or to let others do so. Unlike taxes on labor products, taxation of land values stimulatP.s production of wealth and increases demand fbr labor. ' When unemploym ·nt and poverty abound in a country where natural resources are potentially productive enough to supply the wants of the world, it is evident that an obstacle stands between labor and the earth. Wken people suffer for food in such a country ·there must be food-producing jobs somewhere waitirig for workers; If there are workers looking for such jobs there must be an artificial obstruction awaiting removal. When people are forced into tenements in · cities where are enough vacant lots to furnish sites for · comfortable homes for ·all there must be house-producing jobs· awaiting workers, and jobs for production of all the things that enter into the building of houses. When there is a single human want of any kind unsupplied there is a job calling for a laborer. !But to produce all these things and to produce tools and materials needed in further production, access to land is the first requirement. The .man who owns the land is in control of the source of supply, and existing laws. make it frequently more to his interest to keep workers out of jobs than to let them work. The late joseph Fels used to illustrate this phase with an account of a personal matter. Said he: "I own an -eleven acre tract in West Philadelphia. I paid $30,000 for it some years ago. I recently refused an offer of $ 120,000. I believe that it is worth more than that now, and will still further increase in value. Now why did the party whose $ 120,000 offer I refused want to give me that money? Because he was so anxious to employ builders to put up houses that he preferred that privilege to having that sum in bank. Why d1d I refuse it? Because I am sure that iji a short time some one will be even more anxious to use the land and offer me more. Then perhaps I will graciously · step aside and let work begin. While I am engaged in obstructing industry in this way, thousands of other landowners in Philadelphia and ·elsewhere are doing the same thing. While we are doing this, men who might be employed in improving our land are walking the streets ·looking in vain for employment. Why won't I and other vacant landowners improve our land ourselves? Because the state will punish us if we do. If I should hire a lot of men to build on my land the assessor would swoop down on me and raise my taxes. The more men I would employ, the better the building I would put on the land, the higher the taxes would go. So I prefer to wait until some one else wants the land badly enough to pay my price and pay the assessor too. The other landowners feel the same way." One of the tragedies of the present day ·is the fact that while some beneficiaries of the prevailing economic system, such as joseph Fels or Tom L. johnson, devoted money and effort to put an end to the source of their unearned wealth, they received so little co-operation and assistance from t:1e great mass of their fellow citizens in whose interest they worked. However, it is encouraging to note that there is a steady growth of the demand to free the earth from the grasp of private monopoly. One indication is that in 1916 there were cast in California 260,000 votes for such a proposition and at the same time 43~000 Oregon voters made the same demand. It is more than· probable that a similar showing could be made in other states were the opportunity given. Considering that in the year 1890, throughout the United States a single tax petition to Congress received no more than 100,000 signatures, the vote cast in a single state a year ago marks such progress in public ~entiment ·as to make and the economic freecertain that the abolition of dom will be witnessed by many today who �By 0; Bobspa "Upton Sinclair's": For a qean Peace and The lnternation these agents to become active. Therefore I look to that ' derful in• strument, the human body, for the true solution of th dilli ul , n instrumeot so inimitably adaptable, so full of marvelous potentialiti s' of There it room and a hearty welcome in the radical field for "Upto~ resistance and recuperation, that it is ~tble. when properl used, to rSinclair's", a 'monthly magazine "for a d ean peace and the intemation.'' If it far better than the prospective notices sent out. ~t week I said come all the forces of disease which may be arr ed &gainst it." It is held that man has not sufficiently adapted himself to modorn I would be !!lad to •cc the magazine. I am. and so wal you be. It conditions of civilized life; that he wastes too much enef\l)' in re n a doct not deal "ith $:ho•t• in ito attack upon the institutionalized reto unconscious, instinctive actions; that he must learn ns iout ly lo lil!iout fctishct ;· and it• treatritent of economics is forward-looking and . react to his environment. Hence, it is nrgued, a process of re-educa ti n contwllcti>e. Wl1cthcr yo u and I agree with all of the points in either is essential. Professor Dewey, one of our best recogl)iJ.ed edu Mion l dcpa rtm nt i• of •mall momen t. Many of the Socialists who left the experts, says of these ideas: "No one, it seem~ to me, ho.s gr sped the p11rty hccau5e of it o war sta nd b'ecame petty defam~rs of the o'rganizameaning, dangers. and possibilities of this change (from s, vagary to lv· tion and evc ry th in ~ 11 has s tood for. No such charges can be made a14ai not Upton Sind.m , 'I his week he is bending every energy in trying· ilization) more lucidly and completely than Mr. ,Alex ndcr. Hit a • count of the crises which have ensued upon this evolut ion is contrib· lo tec urc iu• ticc fvr one of the pacifists in the Los Angeles jail. His ution to a better understanding of e:very , phase of cont mp!nary HF , fo(l cloty lo tlw \\ Orkin .c lass principles cannot be challenged, no matter Mr. Alexander exposes the fundamental error in the empirical and p I· how rnuch individua ls may disag ree with his views on tactics. liative methods. The ingeniously inclined will have little difficulty in Head on the f~r • l numl.,c r of "lipton Sindair'i' his re-printi ng of parelleling Mr. Alexander's criticism of 'psychical culture m thods' with• " Wnr ; 1\ Manifesto A~a in s l It," internationally circulated a decade ago. in any field of our economic and political life. In his criticism of return It th ,,., the bread th of vi ; ion and inlcrprelalive unders tanding of Comor relapse to the simpler fprms from which civilized man haa d part rade Sinclair. W must all ge t toge ther and discuss the plans of imMr. Alexander's philosophy · appears in its essentinl feat urea. The pitfalla media te and ult imate •ettlemenl of the war. Sinclair's plan of the lnterinto which references to t.he unconscious and subconscious usu lly fall M tion may not be the way out of the difficulty. Give it a hearing. have no existence in Mr. Alexander's treatment. He gives thcac tcrma Sinclnir approaches the church -.• estion from the right angle which a definite and real meaning." di ~ 11nns pr ·judice ·rc11 ted by th e ordinary rationalist attacks. Sinclair Such interesting features as "Race Culture and the Training of Chil· i• not nit a kin ~ he religious spirit of mankind, but its exploitation by the dren," prevention of physical disorders, the maintenance of . adcquftl pries tl y pnrasil cs thro ugh the organized church. The onening chapter of his book "The Profo ts of Hcligion," appears in his new magazine and activity of the vital processes which command hcnlth, indic tc aom • thing of the scope of the volume. A special section of ·the book it ~ ub s cq u c nt hnp tcr' will nppen r regularly. devoted to the theory and practice of "A New Method of Reapiratory The cr a too· of those fourt een novel s-"The Jungle," "King Coal," etc. Re-education" based on twenty years of experience, and eapecialty thlr• with the ~ r r prolific contri butions of Sinclair is' worthv of a wide teen years in London. I cannot pass upon the merita of the thcorict ad• h nring. 'is 11 th inker. n loyal comrade, and a literary master. va 0 ced by Mr. Alexander, but they have the distinction of coming from ( pion in tair's, 15 13 Sun set avenue, Pasadena, Cal.) empirical knowledge. (E. P. Dutton & Co., New York) . a. Hauptma nn's Dramatic Works Magazines for Thinkers public11 tion during the past few years of the standard American edi tion o th • dramatic works of Gerhart Hauptmann has been one of th im1 o rtnnt ont ributions of B. W. Huebsch. The seventh volume, uniforni with it s p•·cdeccssors. contains plays over a wide range of Hnuptm~ nn' renti c a tivity. It contains his ".Commemoration Masque," (F sispiel in dcut chen Rcimen). transla ted ' by Bayard Ouincy Morgan_; "11\ C Bo1 f Od sscus" and "Eiga," -translated by Professor Ludwog L wis hn of hio tate niversity. editor of the American edition; and II o frallment. , "Helio. " and' "Pastuoal," (Das Hirtenlied), translated by t~ editor. "Th mmonwcnlth 'lasque" is the work which ' celebrated the ceothe '\' nr. of Liberation, I 13-15. It proved so · offensive to rown · Prin e nt its prenliere in Breslau that its withdrawal was The seven volumes now appearinsz in the Huebsch edition mpl~t Hnuptm:mn 's dramatic works. so far as written. lmm> nt. ins two of his later productions and others belong to his N~rlicr a~r. f "The Bo, of Od sseus," - Dr. Lewisohn says: ''In llnuplmnnn's hnnds the nncient storJI loses its tinge of sunset romance. its QOltkn and "'' rbl tntuesq ess; it bKo....,. wilder, more primitive, more hunlM ; th<o to."\c lrembl into life. Odysseus is not the symbolic facer Md ~~Itt of T~nn -on. but the wily. much-experimcd man of the Moo rie world." Th wide ttml in "-hich Hnuplmalm is held in this eonutry ,.-j)) be ~~~ b the new ~...Jwne of translalio..s. (B. - Huebsch. New Yorl). At la~t. it seems, the powers have succeeded in "getting" the " In ter· national Socialist Review." The government has ordered the comradr t not !o se_nd out any_ magazines by mail or expreu. 1nis will comp I an educational campaogn by pamphlet. and book. Mary E. Marcy writet me that the Charles H. Kerr Co. will very soon iu ue a "Labor Scrap Book.'' It will sell in bundles at &. It ia to be a real booklet, on full of pep and power. A new book on -the Marxian law of value in relation to the crumbling monetary systems of the world will be printed in part in "The Labor Scrap Book.'' Comrade Marcv't lellcrt of late are bubbling over with enthusiasm. .She it right. Thit it no h"ur for anything but optimism. We have gone through hell and will see more of darkness-hut it will be comparatively brief-nd then cometh the sunrise of Humanism. Rejoice. oh comrades l Order big bundlct of "The Labor Scrap Book" at once (Chas. H. Kerr Co., Chicago), Th For a Better Race 1.-»-. f.- twu.ty J'NIS. ~ F. ~ ~. of ,_ eobcatloDal theories m 's ~ ~ Gooidu.c::e ad c....trol ... Rdalion ... wid. .... •~ ... .Ac.aicoa aMioa O....'q'- Ow-. ~·s ........., id.5IIS ,_,. pMI r.... ~: ""Bo.cko~ ~ .. few of ~ l.M.it~: a...-......._- -~ ttL.:~ '1- :{. ~ Of course you are keeping in touch with Peartonf Ma11avnc. Mine for March juot came to hand today and I haveo't had time to rud it, but it looks interesting. lt's never any other way. lntti'U4:1ive, loo, Padriac Colum contributes a story of the Sinn Fein movm~C~Jt. ~ :{. :{. ~ preacb.m would dare lo rad from their prostituted pulpilf the last "Social Service Buf1etio"' itfWCI by ational ~1dhocist Fakratiou for Social Service"> Dr. Many F. Ward, tbe secrelaJY. bas male a complde and impartial study of die L 'fl. 'fl. I wonder how many He prrsmlf a valuable 5VmDiaiY ~f tbe remu , Public."' L • IWrme c-.mitt«, ..,.,_..._. Socialist R.mew."' etc.. as aulborilie$ for his s""-1. 1JJi. i. a fait pres;<Dlalion of tbe L . W. Rlaatioo and a r~ to the ._lf'IIIJI"... situaJion. quoting lbe ara~a~ ~.ogy ~ This bodldia thoald be widd.r ma:laled. ..U it gifts a w..&:ztioa of . - boys -.,. lben•"' a SCIIII'ce c:llltMfe ._ IaLor ..Lid. is aL:.:...d ......., ~ fo lbe ~ ..J _,.. Cll!!llic jmotia: at the of ~ .,:--.., ~ .,_, Ut-e ~Ja- abeL W. W• ....,.,... of ... '*-· ·· Ql V. . n-- a..- Bosaa:o. ) - - -"' ~- .. �The . Page thirty-three Comrade Western Co~operation the World Over Notes About the Chief Co-operatives Gleaned from Many Sources Recognition of .the Value of Co-operativn The British government has appointed the Scottish Co-operative Wh_olesale Society as its sole buyer of bacon, ham and l.a rd on the Amencan continent. be · fought, not boosted by it. It will be as much an institution of, by, · and for Jhe workers . as any labor union. ,British Co-operators Enter Politics · This splendid ' recognition of the greatest co.-operative m~rcantile esThe platform of the four million British CO-Operators who have just tablishment in the world'-an organization which has been m ex1stence decided to enter politics includes: Safeguarding of the int~rest.,..of volfor 70 years and has for the past .44 years maintained a branch office_ untary co-operation; eventual direction by the stale of processes of proin New York which has done the buying for its numerous reta1l estabhsh- . duction, distribution and exchange; elimination by legislative aclion of profiteers and other speculators; compulsory housing reform; an eduments across the water--deserves special mention. · We of America are apt to look upon co-operative organizations as cational system affording equal opportunity for higher. education for all; something new-in the nature of an experiment- but the !remendous · effective parliamentary control of foreign policy; abolition of food taxes; scientific development of agriculture; establisqmenl of a stale bank and ' transactions which are carried on by co-operahve socJehes m the old a national credit bank; and gradual demobilization corresponding with the world have proved the value of the system and illustrates the possibilities needs of employment. For the first time, Wf! believe, in the history of in well conduc ted · co-operative or:-ganizations. the world, a co-operator is running for election on a straighf co-operative Government; in the old countries have evidently recognized the value ticket. H. J . May, secretary of the International Co-operative Alliance, of these societies and the appointment of the Scottish Society as Briatain's and of the .Joint Parliamentary Committee of the Co-operative Congress, buying agency for the commodities mentioned is a striking illuslr~ti~n of England, is contesting the seat of Prestwich with coalition candidate, of the difference between the system of domg busmess m Great Bntam Lieutenant Cawley, for member of Parliament. and our own recently established food administration-which has drawn its active workers almost ex~sively f.~om ~he class of :xploaters ::vho have grown ·rich by fleecing the people.- The Co-operators Herald. A Formidable Empire By HARRY LAIDLER Nothing, perhaps, indicates more vividly ..not only the wonderful growth and efficiency of this "industrial repubhc of workmg cl~ss consumers, but also its power for usefulness to the workers m their struggle for higher wages, than does the pari played by the co-opera hve movement in the strike of the lri•h dockers of Dublm m 1913. The unskilled workers of that city, 30,000 of them, had entered upon a long-drawn-out struggle for betrer conditions. Th.ey .were holdmg out bravely. but were sorely in need of foo?: At the mshgahon of Larkm, the Parliamentary Committee of the Bnhsh Trades Umon Congress ·~­ vestioated conditions and decided to give $25,000 toward food for th~" Irish \rethren. They tried to obtain a loan fo r that amount on a promiSsory note from respected English bankers, but were pro~ptly refused a1d. "Will you supply 30.000 starving Irish workers w1th food on the guarantee of our note ?" This question they then put up to the Enghsh Wholesale Co-operative Society in Manchester a few hour_s later on the afternoon of Wednesday, September 24th. The reply th1s time was a prompt affirmative. "Within 48 hours," the manager declared, "60,000 pack~!les of foodstuffs wlll~ on board chartered steamship in the harbor . . Presto! .~he order was executed. 30,000 packages, each containing two pounds of jams, and as muc~ of sugar, one pound of canned fish and quantities of buller and lea, and an additional 30.000 ·packages of r'~a&es weighing some ten po.~nds. w~re.. on the good sh1p Hare, ready ~ ..e trip by F ri~ay mght.- Pearson s. <! $1,000,000 Fund for Co-operative .Department Store The greatest single co-operaive enlerpri~e probably ever. planned m the United Stales has just been orgamzed m New York C11y. The Consumers' Co-operative Department Store Association, Inc., IS now ·making a drive for a million dollar ~und for the purpose or conducting a co-operative department store wh1ch w1ll sell coal and 1ce •. and have a large mail-order department. . Or. J ames P. _Warbasse, preSident of the Co-operative League of Amenca; Peter Harrulton and Joseph D. Cannon, of the executive committee of the Co-operahve League; A. W. Ricker, of Pe~rson's; J. H. Callah.n, joseph L. Sagar, and D. R. Tanner, are its directors. . . The constitution and by-laws of the orgamzahon follow the one man one vote and rebate pro r~la on purchases of the Rochdale system. One million dollars will be raised by selling 200,000 shares at $5.25 each: t~e 2Sc to be spent on organization. As soon a~ $200,000 has been pa1d m by subscribers to the treasury of the organ1zahon, the s_tore w1ll ope~. ln common with the I ,000 . other co-operahve stores m thiS country, thiS co-operative department store will be run b:Y tbe ~onsume~s t~emselv_es for their own ·benefit. It will be an expenment m g~nume tnd~stnal democracy. No one will make a p~nny of _profit out tl. The mlddi~­ Jllan will be eliminated with all of h.. extortions. The H. C. of L. w11l Co-operation In Cleveland, Ohio Co-operation is m~king great progress in Cleveland. At present there are four co-operahve organizations: The Workingmen's Co-operative Company, with two stores; the 'Sio'Yeriian Co-operative Company ; Tne Cleveland Co-operative Bakery Company; and the Co-operators Company. The first organization starte.d business in 1912 and has been paying four percent rebate to its stockholders on their purchases since that time, as well as four percent interest on the stock issced. The Slovenian . Cooperative Company has been doing business for four years. It has allowed its earnings to accumulate during that period, adding the profits to the value of the stock. The stock which was sold at $2.00 per share is now worth $59,00. which shows a profit of nearly 200 percent on its capital during the four years of operation. The co-operative bakery began business early in November. It is turning out five thousand loaves of bread and 20,000 biscuits weekly. It has 2,500 stockholders. The Co-operators' Company has no slo1e, but has an automobne delivery which · makes the circuit of the city one a week and sells direct to its stockholders. Its sales amount to about $1200 per mor.th. All of these societies are offshoots from the Socialist party. Fresno, Cal, Starting Store A group of earnest co-operators in F <esno, California, have been invesJigaling co-operative trading f(;r several nionths past. At present in tl, .. connection a bread route is operated with oonsiderable ability and success. The group is affiliate~ with the Pacific Co-operative League and is known as the Universal Brotherhood. A novel fraternal feature is part of the plan of organization. · The Fresno comrades have in view a minimum membership of 100 and have decided I<' start a co-operative otore. The Pacific Co-operative League has been of.,cially requested to attend to the organization work and to establish a branch League store in Fresno. The membership will cost $35. The work will start at once and it is hoped to have the slore in operation before summer. ' Consumers' Co-operation In IUinois Ten new co-operatives have just been started in Illinois. Pana, Marsailles, Bloomington, Pawnee, Ca rlinville, · Collinsville, Alton, Granite City, Freeburg and Coulterville. All have flourishing young co-operative stores now. The store at Bloomington started with $4,000 in cash on hand. The store at Staunton, Ill., owned by the Miners' Union of• that city has been changed to a strictly Rochdale store. The total sales for the last quarter of the extremely successful co-operative society of Springfield, III., were $30,6<}7 as contrasted to $22,993 of the quarter ending September 30th. The expenditures were $'1,309 as compared with $3,726. The net profits were $1,898 as compared with $1,422. The sum of ~I ,41 S was distributed in six pe~cent dividends. . ¥ ¥ ~ According to the fifth quarterly report of . the Lincoln Co-operative S.lore of Lincoln, Ill., covering the qu.)ter from October 1st to December 29th, the total sales of the sl['e were $7, I~ the total net profits were $549; and $403 was distri ed in six ~'~' w~iq~~. �The The Pioneer My Countty By By Er nest S. W o o s t e r 'Tis not the warrior's darid'k takes The liner courage of the soul;' Nor yet that recklessness which makes The headlong dash for desperate goal. There is a stoutness. of the heart, Unflinched, repelling every fear,The quiet, stalwart•. fearlessness That marks the hardy ~ioneer. Robert Whitaker My country is the wo~ld; I count No son of man my foe, Whether the warm life-currents mount . . And mantfe brows like snow Or red or ·yeliow, brown' or black, The face that into mine looks back. My native land is Mother Earth, . And all men are my ki·n, Whether of rude or gentle birth, However steeped in sin; Or rich, or poor, or great, or · small, I .count them brothers, one and all. Be he the uncouth plainsman bold, He who explores 'neath tropic sun, Or he who faces Arctic cold, There's valor in them, every one. Yet not their courage more relined Nor they the bravest of the brave, The truest test is of the mind That toils obscure, a world to save. My birthplace is no spot apart, I claim no town nor state; Love hath a shrine in every heart, And wheresoe'r men mate To do the right and say the tr'~th, Love evermore renews her youth. The sane, sweet, kindly hero who, Obscurely, and to fame unknown, Works on for what he knows is true For principle and truth alone,His · life and effort to impress The heedless with a thought new-born, With none to praise at his success, And at his failures none to mourn. , WesterD My flag is the star-spangled sky, Woven without a seam, Where dawn and sunset colors lie, Fair as an a~gel's dream; The flag ·thilt still, unstained, untorn, Floats over all of mortal born. My party is all human-kind, My platform brotherhood; I count all men of honest mind Who work for human good, And for the hope that gleams·~afar, My comrades in this holy war. He's strong, this hero pioneer Undaunted by unkind attack; He'll ever onward persevere, His not the spirit to turn back; This pioneer in mind! He leads In courage as he leads in thought His valor of the soul succeeds, Without it all the world were nought! • POWeqne is equal to gasoline at Sc a gallon; salesmen and agents wanted; exclusive territory granted. POWERINE is guaranteea to be harmless, to remove and prevent carbon, doubling the life of all gasoline motors, saving repairs, adding snap, speed and power. An amount equal to 20 gallons of gasoline will be sent to any address in the U. S., charges prepaid, for $1.00. W . . PORTER BARNES, SANTA ROSA. CAL. Dept 2H ABSENT MEMBERS My heroes are "the great and good Of every age and clime; Too often mocked, misunderstood, And mu"rdered in their time But in spite of ignorance and hate Known and exalted soon or late. lVJy. c~ntry is the ·world; I scorn . No lesser love than mine, But calmly wait that happy morn, When all shall own this -sign, And love of country as of clan, · Shall yield to worl<}wide love of man. INSTALMENT MEMBERS WHERE ARE YOU? .Price /We W!lnt to get tl@ address of every instalment member and every absent member of the Llano dd Rio Colony. Many have not kept us informed of their whereabouts. We have information of importance for every instalment member. and absent member. Readers of this notice are asked to assist us in getting in touch with these· persons. We want to communicate with them at once. Memben;hip Department: s. . ~ Thirty Days Free Trial COMRADES, send us $1.00 for this Razor, use it thirty days, then if you don't believe it to be the equal of any $2.00 Razor on the market, return it and we will exchange it "fo·r a new one or refund your money. as you desire. Furnished with plain black handle, either round or square point, extra hollow ground %-inch blade. Price, $1.00 each oJr six for $5.00, postpaid. If convenient, remit by P. 0. or Express ~1oney order. Address· RED FLAG RAZOR COMPANY PARAGOULD. ARKANSAS LLANO DEL RIO COLONY . s t ·a b l e L 0 u i s i a D a IF OUR RAZORS DON'T MAKE GOO!>, WE WILL. - ·$1~ ·· ·· ....-- - ~ �Western Comrade The Tyranny of the_Press By David Bobspa ' .. It is free from facts. It .is free from truth. It is free from justice: It i~ free from. ideals. It i~ free from principles." Th_e dirty tncks by wh1~h the ne~spapers ac.complish their "We can never hope to gain our freedom until we first capture and control the newspapers for the working class." So spoke Charles T. Sprading. to a little group of us rec~ntl)'. Truer words were never spoke.n. How many comrades feel the grossness of the. evil of t.he capitalist press-and then spend ten times as much money for the vile vomit of the protituted press as they do on WOTking class periodicals. I had to take the choice between giving up the capitalist newspaper game a nd relinquishing my manhood. One can not keep both . Nor can we support a corrupted press without payjng the price of bondage. Comrade Sprading has written a splendid little pamphlet, "Ruled by the Press," that tells the story of our real masters. His opinion of these "peddlers of pif!le" is based on facts every intelligent individual can easily verify. "No thinker," he .~ v s , " from Thomas Jefferson to the present day has had any r~spect for the metropolitan press. Our great free press! poisonous work are detailed by Comrade Sprading. A remedy is pointed out-through common ownership of the . pr~ss or a ·portion of it; co-operative ownership of a · p~per m each cente.r; patropage of the fairest paper. in each c1ty or town. Sprading is ·right-the wor~ers must adopt some one or more of these plans if the goal of democracy is eve_r to be· reached. I hope his pamphlet will be widely cir~ul~t~d aqd tha~ it will lead to an elimination of the capIt~hst press so far as workers are concerned. H you wili · · gtve your own press one-half the support you give that of the enemy within our borders-"the malefactors of great wealth" -your p~ess will give you all the features you find in · your present pig-trough organs of untruth-and you will have a ready friend instead of an active enemy sheet struck from the press. _If you don't want freedom badly enough ~o begin by supportmg your papers, you won't get very far. Published 15y George Rissma n, 322 Star}\ Bldg., Los Ang·eles, Cal. Ten cents; special prices in q\Hintities. Order through your paper. ;) . Real Estate Bargains Can I ·Afford It? The following properties a re among those that have been listed for sale or trade with the Llano Land Bureau. Ma ny of these a re exceptional bargains. As more and more property is listed , it becomes possible to offer a variety in all portions of the country. Those who wish to sell or trade or buy, or knowing of others who wish to buy are invited to corespond with the Llano Land Bureau. No commissiOns a re charged those expecting to come to the CoiQI'lY. $450-two lo ts Stockton, California $3250- House and lot .in San Francisco $3500- Thirty-ac re farm, mountains of California ; $2000 for farm without stock. This is an excellent location and good properly. $500 for len acres in Florida, suitable for oranges and vegetables. $22 17 for good business in Iowa town, plumbing and h eating. Florida land- ·I 0 acres, partly improved, house and buildings. 160 acres- Kansas, unimproved land, $2000, sell or trade. 320 acres unimproved Kansas land, $3200. · 240 acres in Texas, 95 in cuhivation, two houses, $20 an acre. $2500 for good place in Mississippi.-vle 40 acres in Texas, good improvements, $75 an acre. Sell or trade. Terms. 200 acres Arkansas land. improvements, orchard and house, stock, tools, implements included; ali for $6000. Sell or trade. Terms.- lc 165 acres Texas for $1 0,000. Terms. 160 acres Texas. unimproved good rice· or fig land, $25 an acre.- aec 40 acres Idaho, good improvements, $10,000. Liberal terms. 20 acres Idaho, $225 an acre. Liberal T erms.-jcc $300 for lot in thriving Alabama town. Sell,,or trade. $400 for 40 acres southern Alabama, unimproved. $1600 for 40 acres in Florida. Libe,ral terms. -alc $1500 fo r house and lot in Grand Rapids, Mich. Rents for $17.50. Llano Land Bureau -s t a b I e s • Lo uisi ana I How . many times a day do you have,,to slop and ask that '!ueshon? You would like a nice hous< o live in; you would I.ke good clothes to wear; you would like good food to eat ; you would I.ke to travel; you would like to have some pleasure in life. You want all these things, but continually we of the work· ing class who produce all these things must slop and ask: "Can we afford it?" And ninety-riine times out of a hundred the answer i•, "No, we cannot afford it." So we either go without or we live in a hovel, wear shoddy · clothes, eat cheap food, travel on fool, and sneak an occasional dime for a picture show. And why? The work.l'rs made it all. We build the houses, grow. the wheat, feed the cattle, weave the cloth. We have made all of the thing• which we cannot afford to buy. Did you ever slop and ask why? Why don't you slop and ask why? Wouldn't you like to know? It is because we have power and don't know how to use it. Never was a wiser word said than J. A. Wayland's statement: "To remain ignorant is to remain a slave." There is just one thing you cannot afford to do without, and that is an education. When the workers KNOW , nd realize their power, they will live in the houses they have built. wear the clothes they have woven, eat the food they have prepared. If you want to help yourself to all of these things, begin today to complete your education. The People's College belongs to the working class. Let .us help you get that education. Clip the coupon below and mail it to us today. Put a cross before the course you are interested in. MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY. ······--·-·--· .. --............................................ lr!.......................... PEOPLE'S COLLEGE, FORT SCCOTT. KANSAS Dear Comrades: - Please send the Course which I have marked ............ Law ............Plain English ............ Advanced English ____________Public Speaking ............Commercial ,Law ............ Penmanship me full information concerning with a cross. ............Elementary Arithmetic ............Adva.nced Arithmetic ............ Elementary~ Bookkeeping ............Complete Bookkeeping ............Shortbanrl · ............Algebra . Name.................................................................................................... Address.........., ...................................................................................... . •~•• •• •••·••·• • • • ••• • - •• • •-• • ••-•• • •••• •• •·- • • •• •• •.• • •- •• ••·•• • •• • •••" " " " • •• u • • -• •·-••• •- •u• -• •• •• �Pag~ thirty-six Boudin's War Analysis,· ((ontinued from Page 23) of democratic ideas has passed to the working cla~s. In the Sebei-Kautsky debate at the Essen Congress, Kautslcy insisted that the- needs of the V.:orking class should be·· the only guide for socialists to follow in times of war or 'peace; a position squarely in opposition to ~II nationalistic theories. Comrade Boudin lays special stress on the resolution adopted by the Stuttgart Congress of 1917, and reaffirmed at Copenhagen m · 1910, and at Basle in 1912: "In event that war ~hould break, notwithstanding the efforts of socialists to prevent it. then it becomes the .d uty of socialists to work for its speedy termination, ·.and to use all · the powers at their command. utilizing the political and economic crises produced by the war, in an effort to arouse the discontent of the people so as to hasten the abolition of the rule of the capitalist class." The theory of the class struggle is in absolute and .irreconcilabi · opposition to the nationalistic theory of.: ~>atriotism. Races are merely at different s'a.'1~s in their evolution. Our goal is internationalism; when all national cultural differences will be merged in a higher culture. The fundamental division of the human species is not along racial or national lines but along class l i~es, based on privat~ property. The working class of the world has an interest only in the defense of the nation whose independence and liberty are a ttacked. And whatever . decision it makes concerning any war, it must be controlled exclusively by considerations of the results upon the interna. tiona! working class and its ·struggle for emancipation. \ . Direct Mail Advertiser's Reference Book Just from the press. Apracticalbusiness encyclopedia for the direct mail advertiser. .Covers entire field in its relation to your business. . The following partial table of contents sh9ws some of the reasons why you should send for a complimentary copy · of this valuable reference book: · · ,,) a . JACK PANSY, Publisher, ~.0. Box LC-307, Grand Rapid;, Mich. ( M And One NEW SUBSCRIPTION or RENEWAL to TI~IE L~ANO_ PUBLICATIONS (both, a year, for $ !.00) w1ll bnng the , BEAUTIFUL · Colony View Book · OF CALIFORNIA VIEWS-ALL REAL PHOTOGRAPHS (not reproductions) mounted in a substantial way. in a handsome Album. t] This Colony View Book s~lls for a limited number. THE ..C L A S S I F I E D A D V E R T I S I N G WANTED.-BOOKS f<;>r the Colony Library; Fiction, . Scientific Books, Books for Children, etc., Ad ress: Editor1 Western Comrade, Stables, La. I, . $1 . -a booklet which PROVES, by photographed extracts from an official U. S. Government Report, that the Morga~ wealth and power are twenty times greater than realized. How Morgan (after the war) can manipulate a "panic"; then buy cheaply control of all vital industries; dispossess YOU of wealth; reduce MILLIONS to abject slavery. How he keeps knowledge of this power suppressed; how newspapers are controlled; governments and legislatures corrupted. Price 50 cents-and your money back if not satisfied that the information given is well wqrth the price. Descriptive circular, testimonials, etc., free Agents wanted. Address: · 1 . I' .1 ---; ~'The economical efficiency of Direct Mail Advertising.'~ f'How I fourrd my livest prospects in five minutes." ~·How to multiply your ability, experience and energy.'~ f' Art, lithographing, and color printing club plan." . f'How Purchasing Departments .use Mai.ting Lists.'~ f'The coq~parative value of Jc and zc postage." f'Map graphic charts: population, agriculture, live stock, etc.~ !'Testing new plans and policies·. " ~·Analytical advertising and sales promotion.'~ ~·Picture gallery of reasons why.'~ ~·Dealer help suggestions.'~ · f'Helping your salesmen.'~ "Shall J. P. Morgan , Own The Earth?" "\\ \ -' { LLANO Sta b_les , $1.50. There is only PUBLICATIONS Louisiana ~~?Jf~~~~~~~~ ~~=~~~~~~~~~B~~~~2!~~ �Western Comrade Peace and Its· Meaning (Co~tinued from Page 20) I ~ gram for a -Clean Peace. But our ·newspapers class interests, and they are hampering him. stand the New York Times takes in regard to the . man! It makes use of every acrimonious wbrd i~ tionary in its editorials ·about labor unions. We to educate the who"le people to the idea of Clean· 'Peace and a Real Democracy. · If could get the ' allied interests at the present ly to· adopt that ·program of a Clean Peace, the . ing might never have begun. When the German 'realize that a just settlement is offered, they would way to make their rulers accept it. . Think this over, gentlemen, and realize that there era! million lives at stake over the issue as -ruling classes of Europe shall get enough war to enable them to hold their power; or other hand, the people of Europe shall ·be del . tyranny and slavery and allowed to dispose of their tinies, living in peace with one another. - settled, and it is the most important question that we will ever have in our lives. No matter who you are .or what you want to be or do in this world, or what you want your children to be or do, it all dt:pends on· the settlement we get out of this war. What we want is CLEAN PEACE; and that is a- beautiful phrase which comes from England. We ought to take it up and understand what it means. It means justice for everyone and injustice for no one. There never has been such a thing. Every peace council has settled things on · the basis that they shall take who have the power and they shall keep who ·can, and all the ruling class interests want to settle this war on that basis. There are imperiatists in every country, not merely in Germany. The Russians say self-determination for all peoples, and they demand that all the people of the disputed territories shall vote. As far back as human memory goes, the populations of despoiled lands have been beaten, jailed and hanged anc,l shot; ·now the idea is that they shall settle the ir own destinies by vote. But I say that voting and elections in those territories today would simply produce a thousand wars Illstead of one war. The imperialists would settle it by saying: "I will give you six square miles in Alsace-Lorraine for ten thousand miles in Africa. I will give you. a hu ndred thousand Belgians for ten thousand Persians, and maybe I will throw in five thousand of the people of Trieste ." And all this without any regard to the rights of the people concerned. Yo u can not settle lt that way either, for that would mean that all these people would get ready for another war. Their countrymen over the border could get ready to help them, and a new war would come as soon as the materials could be accumulated. The only thing to do is to take every one of the territories which is legitimately in dispute, and make them independent com.!llunities. Let the people who live there govern themselves. They will not need a rmies; they will . not have to fight because their independence ' will be ,guaranteed by the English, the Russiam, the Italians, · the Germans; the Americans, the Chinese, the Japanese, the Hindus and all the rest of the world. What I am -getting at is this: Make them independent, under an international guarantee. Fix it so that F ranee and Germany cannot get at each other even if they want to fi ght. Make independent states of Armenia and Mesopotamia; put Central Africa under an internatio nal commission; make Trieste an independent port, also Constantinople, and all other places for which rival interests are strugling. By this plan you do justice to all the people who live there. You set up buffer states between the quarelling countries and you solve all the questions without hurting anybody's feelings . Also you entirely discr.edit the war. Nobody has gained anything, and the chances of the ru ling classes being thrown out of their jobs are increased many hundred percent. Moreover, you make absolutely necessary and inevitable .the establishment of a new world government. We had a lot of colonies when we got through driving . out England ,and for a time we didn't know whether New York and Massachussetts we re going to fight each other not, but we finally decided that instead of being a lot warring states, there would be one Federal the United States. We want now a world Setid 25 cents for samples of to be had from the .. NATIONAL BIRTH OBJECT-To Jemove all laws of birth control information. 200 Fifth Avenue, New Yqrk City, N. Y. ·"The Truth Ab The Medical By John A. Bevan, M. D. Columbia Universiiy (Inventor o.f the <Esophagoscope) ! Price Fifty Paper Bound, Postpaid The ~esult of clinical and pat~ological at Guys Hospttal, London, and ; the Bellevue pita!, New York. . BENEDICT LUST, N. D., D. 0 ., . D. q, M. D., writes: book is splendid and will help to enlig~ten many skeptics still believe in medical supers tition." ~ Prof. DAVID STARR JORDAN, M D~ writes: "I looked over the book called 'The T th About the Profession.' There are a great many " ga that are and truthfully said." GEORGE BERNARD SHAW writes: '"There are some interesting and important things in the book.'' LLA~O PUBLICATION~, STABLES, " Something for nothing is the curse of the age."- job The E quit i st discusses the Source of the Power to get something for and shows how to destroy that power. It will . whether .YOU agree or not. a year; $1.50 to and publiabed by �hirty-eight The . Western NEW The me rica n Labor Year Book 191 7-19 1 8 Edited by ALEXANDER TRACHTENBERG Director, Department of Labor Research of the Rand School of Social Science Partial Table of Contents: Labor and War; The bor Movement in the United States; Labor and · e Law; Social and Economic Conditions; The Intertiona!, Socialist, Labor and Co-operative Movents; The Socialist Movement in the· United States. 384 Pages of Valuable data for every Socialist and dical. Paper Bound, 60 cents; cloth binding, $1.25. Address: ND BOOK STGRE, 7 East 15th st, New York City. rcsentatives Wanted Trustworthy, re p·· ~sible, competent agents are desired in different communities to represent the colony and to interest desirable persons in this enterprise. Only men and women of constructive minds, self-sacrificing disposition, and energy are wanted. If you are willing to work for the good of a great cause in a wholly constructive way, ou are invited to corr-espond with the Membership Department nd to get the Representatives Proposition. Persons actuated only by self-interest need not apply. lv!cmbcrship DeP.arlment LLANO DEL RIO COLONY ETHICS The things we disapprove in others, we are likely to do ourselves. O.ur disapproval is a . subconscious way we have of defending ourselves from_ like guilt; but we must not forget that the same thing that !.:aused the ·sin of the other is in us, and· very likely we are doi~g it in. another way. Official judgmell.t is bad-private, worse. ·The monition "Judge not" is as clear, sharp and insistent as "Thou shait not steal": or ·"Thou sh'alt noi: kilL" · We avoid· the more dramatic methods of stealing and killing for self-protection and other minor selfish motives, but the legal and customary methods, most all practice. Steaiing is the getting of the \r roduct of another's toil without his free consent. When I take too much profit to pay too · small wages, taking advantage of the necessities oP the weak, I am stealing. When I get credit ~hat another man has done; when I injure another personby misjudgment, I am a thief of the most cowardly kind. Yet these habits are virtuously in. dulged in by the best. Most virtues are tainted; Whenever a good quality becomes conscious to the possessor, it becomes vicious, because it· turns one into a judge, gives him a holier-than-thou attitude-which is hypocrisy. If we could change the vicious feeling that we are better than any other into the recognition that we a re hypocrites, unjust, rnerciless, we could work a moral .reform in ourselves of real value. It is equally bad to think we are worse than others. This is slavery. The whole of autocracy grows out of the feeiing, abnormal, that somebody has thought that he is better, and the whole of slavery out of the feeling that he. is worse. Would it not be well for each of us to look within, find our tyrannical emotions and eradicate them? Man cannot become virtun\IS by cussing kaiserism. -S. W. CALDWELL , The Captain of His Soul (Continued from Page 30) The International Language Esperanto . ...........,. the langudgc problems, opens up a new world of lit_,,.auJre. gives one a much better understanding of his mother• SI<Yns:ue, enables him !o co-rrespond with people all over the world, all this at a comparatively s:nall outlay of time or money. 'Send for a FREE ~ample 'copy of AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO, official organ of the Esperanto Association of North America, receive also a catalog of Books, etc., and full information how to learn th~ · ' wonderful language. Please mention t Llano Publications. THE AMERI ____ .,_ N ESPERANTIST CO., INC. Watertown, altham and Washington Streets WEST NE~ .:ON STATION, BOSTON, MASS. . :., Socialists read PEARSON'S MA-GAZINE. It the only big magazine ·of ~ationai recognition that is by and for the working people. for One 'Year $1:50. "Do you think I enjoyed doing what I did? I loathed it! It was only to toax you away from your terrible ideas-to make a mart' of you that I humiliated myself. And you struck me away from you! ~-· "It was an accident, Ruth !" "It was my punishment for trusting a hobo. Don't ever come near me again! Go to Netta- she'll let you- -. Oh, I could die of shame! " With that she was gone. He sat down heavily. The frogs sent up their melanc:holy chorus from the marshes. "Croak 1 Croak! Croak!" they went. "Croak! Croak! Croak! " It was the death song of his love-of the joy he had tasted from a leaking cup. It was his first deep passion and he was only twenty-three. Tears welled through his fingers and he sobbed-one and a~ain. Then across his numbed mind the words came whispering· . "It matters not how straight the gate, How charged with punishment the scroll, I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul!" He rose, squar-ing his shoulders and buttoning his coat. To be captain of one's soul! Greater than any pain was that, greater than any love! He was His Own once moreHis to Will-to Do! All that night a light burned in the little ~oom which was his lodging. Just as the sky grew pink, he emerged'. Head · well up, eyes on the northern horizon where lay Los Angeles.. J ·' 1 �The Western Page thlrty-nine Comrade Loyal Supporters Enthusiastic Over "The lntetnationalist" ·sEGINNiNG with the May number, the Western Comrade THE INTERNATIONALIST will have a well-defined edlshall raise its subscr~ption prit~ to $1.00.. The~e are toriai policy, and, while · co~tin~ing to publish articles . of good reasons for this, but chief among them IS the··· general interest, will make the achievement of· international general increase in pric~s of paper and supplies. As the Socialism and co-operation its go~l. It will wage a ceaseless Western Comrade does not rely to any extent upon adver- ·and energetic light against all those obstacles to internationtising as a source of income, it is ··compelled to increase its alism such as militarism, compulsory military training, co11r subscription price. scription, tariff walls, secret diplomacy, diplomatic entangleAlso beginning with the May number, the magazine shall ments, the Monroe Doctrine, imperialism, language barriers, race d_ifferences, and religious differences. It will 'publish the· make its first appearance as cream of American radical thought. It will give its active and enthusia~tic support to the American Socialist party, and shall support the workers in their struggles with the capitalist very attractive and shall carry an artistic and per- class. Its objective is the Co-operative Commonwealth,' but it design. Already many comrades hav.e written will not be narrow or sectional. It rt:ognizes. in the birth on our choice of the name-THE INTER- control movement a splendid and dire., needed propaganda Here is what some of them say: . and shall give it its unreserved suppo( decision to change the name to The Interna tionalist is a THE INTERNATIONALIST has a big fu'ture ahead of it. . and will add to your power. I am enthusiastic over It has an unlimited field in which to work. s.- ALEC WATKINS. Fresno, CaL Are you going to enlist in our ARMY of INTERNATIONnew tha t you are to call yourself The lnternationALISTS? Are you goiJ]g to get subscriptions? Are you inworld is sick tg.. dying of the virus of na tionalism, terested enough in the ideal ·"of internationalism to call on f~r a fra ternal r spirit that knows neither bounds nor name Interna tionalist should p resage a virile growth. your neighbors and get them to subscribe to the INTERNAWENTWORTH. Perrine, Florida. TIONALIST? sincerely to congra tula te all of you concerned with the Let us h'ear from Y 0 U. . Tell us wh11t you think of the Comrade for the strides you ha ve ·made in keeping up Ma-gazine. strong, clean and progressive jou rrtalism . . . I afso like the name of The Interna tionalist. No sectional name is as good as And in the meantime, if you like this number, why not one taking in all of Humanity. I shall be interested in seeing the send us Ten Cents and have us mail a <;opy to your friend? Co~de in its new d ress. I am glad that you a re makir.g your Fraternally, pohc1es Widened and not na rrowed to any particular movement or o rganiza tion.- DAVID BOBSPA, Los Angeles, CaL The Editor. The Internationalist I • , Do .You Want Socialism To Win? CJI Look at the Election ,Returns from the few cities given below. Help us roll up a staggering vote and send a lighting delegation to Congress. Start the 1918 campaign NOW! New York City 1913- 32,000 1917-150,000 Dayton 1916- 4,800 1917-12,000 Chicago 1916-16,000 1917-27,000 Toledo 1915- 2 ,800 1917-14,903 Clev~and 1915- 6,000 1917-27,000 Rochester 1916-1--1,450 1917--8,200 On To Washi.ngton! CJI Send in what you can to the MILLION DOLLAR FUND. Let this be America's answer to oppression and autocracy. (j Send all communications and contributions to OUVER C. WILSON, Financial Director, Room 405, 803 W. Madison Street, Chicago, Ill. Upton Sinclair'sMagazine, dedicated to a Clean ~eace and the lnternation, is a magazine that no thinking radical can do without. It is indispensable t~ balanced intellectual ration. .... . - Upton Sinclair has been pronouced by Dr. George · Brandes to be one of America's few great noveli"sts. Every radical has read "The Jun~le" ~ and has been thrilled by "King ,Coal." The sequel to this wonderful novel will appear serially in j Upton Sinclair's Magazine Also there is running serially a remarkable work entitled "THE PROFITS OF RELIGION" It is a .masterpiece. The Price of a year's subscription to UPTON SINCLAIR'S is $1.00 a year-$5:00 for Ten Years. Sample copy on request. · Address-U P T 0 N �Iembers .S -Will Go -Up~ B EGINNING MAY FIRSf. several cllanges wiU be ' made in the selling of memberships. I. Initial payments on memberships will be advanced on a sliding scale, with minimum payments at $1000 and a graduated scale based on the number of persons coming on the membership. 2. Cash payments only will be given consideration. 3. The acceptance of members will be made provisjonal. Details of the new plan of selling memberships are not ready yet, but will be announced, probably, in the next issue of the magazine. With the growth of the Colony, the value of membership becomes enhanced. Those who come in now have the benefit of the work and plans of th9se who have gone before. Increased cost of living and materials of aU kinds have so greatly decreased the purchasing power of a dollar, that the increased rate becomes necessary. Those who put $1 000 today into the Colony are putting in no more in actual value than those who put in $500 when the Colony was first established. The community interest in which the member participates becomes greater from day to day. ). \ ... ' ,. I The Old Rate Applies to Those Who Get Instalment Memberships Now! I . \ l • • ~: Those who have taken out memberships in the past according to agreements made then will, of course, come in on the plan that was in operation when they subscribed. .. Those who have been corresponding with a view to taking out memberships, should their applications be taken out and approved before the increase, will, of course, be accepted on whatever termJ may be agreed upon before the contemplated change takes place. The Llano <!el Rio Colony reserves the right to reject any ap, plica'rions it may deem not desirable, as it has always done. The details of tha sliding scale of memberships will be announced later. The provisional acceptance of membenhips will also be ex~ f)lained, bu"t ·it is csu!licient here to say that the ·rights of the individual will be care'fu11y safeguarded, as well .as those of the Colony. Ca.b payments mU be a rule ex«>pt o n such aJrticles as are m ~te d emlllld and on which prices and .quality are standardized. Atten'lion, iis directed t o the U ano Land Bureau, esta:bfubed fvr the jpUljJ>OS"e .of aiding iin ,sa'J.es and ~changes of land as we'll as 'a " ,.,Js'lln:g llltose ~'ho <OJ<peel t o puro'hase JPropcrty, • Uano del Rio Company o.f Nevada Stables, Louisiana . /' �Make 'Y our F-~ ·mily _Safe For " ·---The Future! W HAT have you done · for your family'? What provision have you made for your own old age} What plan have you} No one else wiU take care of you, no one else will take care of them. NOW is the time to look forward into the future. The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony, established a.t Llano; Los Angeles county, California, May I, 1914, has established an extension Col~my at Stables, in the healthful "Highlands of Western Louisiana. You are invited to send for special descriptive literature about it. Have You Faith In Your Own Ideals· ? D O YOU believe in co-operation? Are you a I believer in Socialism? If you are, have you faith in the application of the principles in which you believe? The Llano Colonies are the practical atte~pt to flive and administer the theories of co-op· eration. This is a movement to 5ecure the beht:fits of Socialism right now. Hundreds of colonists are building soundly and solidly for the future. They ask you to join them if you have the C courage of your convictions. Practical, sane,· honest, conscientious, tolerant, determined men and women are desired. There will be pioneering to do and there will undoubtedly be hardships. __..-None are wanted who come expecting to reap ert! they have sown, none who wish to advance their own selfish interests ahead of their brothers. none ;ho seek immediate advantages for them· selves rather than for the good of the whole community. But to those who can work and endure and build for the future a cordial . welcome is ~xtended. ARE YOU ONE OF THESE ? The "GATEWAY TO FRSEDOM" and "LLANO'S PLANTATION IN THE HIGHLANDS OF LOUISIANA" give mon~ detailed information about the Llano Colonies. Write for them and for supplt.:mentary literature. Ask for application blank. Address: Membership Department Llano del Rio Colony, ."" Stables, Louisiana �ruE OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. .¥ Three Correspondence Courses of Study BJ }:4~)> ~/~ . - Organized in 1900. Students in All English Speaking Countries LESSONS PREPARED AND TAUGHT BY dre~':Y~~.! ~~!by !,.~;~~ .~.~.~~w~.! ,~n5h<,; Anr of . ., ... '""' ' and can be completed as quickly as anyone is able, or the time may be extended as may be necessary. FINELY ENGRAVED CERTIFICATES are given to those who satisfactorily complete the work in any of the e course Here are 1 L- TEN LESsoNs IN THE sTUDY . oF sociALISM. - li.- TEN LESSONS IN 1liE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING. the Courses I HI.- TEN LESSONs IN THE ~cTIVE usE oF THE ENGLI THE TEN LESSONS IN SOCIALISM L<·o<nn f.-_The Evolution of Capitalism. !.<"s•on fl . -The Evolution of Socialism. L~••on 111.--Scientific Socialism. Le.son IV. -The Failure of Capitalism- The Comiftg of Socialism. Lc.oon V.- Trades Unions and Socialism. Lr ..on VI.- The Farmers and Socialism. :J Lr•son Vll.--The Middle Class Workers and Socialism. J.rsson Vfll.- Religion, Education and Socialism. l.eoson IX. -Political l'arties and Socialism. Lesson X.- How to Work for Socialism. F.ach of the ten lessons which have been especially prepored by Mr. :·.:1•. the author of "The Struggle for Existence:· gives special direction• for the stuJy of some one topic as given in the above schedule. F.ach (r,.on gives a surr.mary of the suhjecl matter to be studied with •pecial references to all the pa ragraphs in the text book bearing upon that topic and Jesil(nating those to he read only. as well as those to he r.rrfully studied. Each le.son in the course is followed hy a list of test quc•tions, the answers to which are written up as studied and for· warded to Mr. Mills for correction, approval or recommendations for furthrr study, together with answers to any special que•tions asked. THE TEN LESSONS IN THE CORRECT AND EFFECTIVE USE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE l.r~son 1.- The Buildinr and the Mastery of Words. Lesson II. -Tbe Classes of Words. H LA GU. GE. Lesson 111.-TLe Relation of Wonls to Each Other. Lesson IV.-Tile Bllilding of an English Seutence. · lesson V.-The Finisbinr Work on an Eo1lish Sentence. Le5'on Vl- The Forms of Speakinr and Writing. Les•on VII.- The Telling of a Story and the Explaining of a · itu.tion Le!Son VIII. -The Building of an Arrument. . Lesson IX.- Effective Correspondence. Lesson X.- Writing for Publication. The•e lessons consist of ten pamphlet•. el\ch complete in it elf and rontaining all the material necessary for a student's work . EAch Ienon is followed with test questions and the manner of procedu re in doin~: the work. the same as above. TEN LESSONS IN THE ART OF PUBLIC PEAK! G Lesson 1.- Tbe Traininr of the Voice. Lesson H.- Gathering the Sp.eaker's Materials. Le,.on III.- Constructing the Argument. Lesson IV. -The Delivery of a Speech. Lesson V. -Adornment and Power in Public Address. Lesson VI.-The Speech and the Occasion. Lesson V!I.- Errors in Speech. l.e..on VIII.- Controversial Speech. l.eS<on IX.- How to Manage a Crowd. Lesson X.- The Personal Qualities of a• Orator. In these lessons. as in the course of English. each leoson i• complet• in ihelf and no text book will be required, and the manner of proued ure will be the •arne. REMEMBER : -If you w"h to understand the labor queshon, to deal- with the high cost of living, to understand the ri•e of militarism and the way of escape, to fight effechvely for the young, the disabled and the a~ed. in short, if you wish to be a good and an effec tive Socialist, begin a t once the atudy of these lessons in Socialism. If you wi•h to have a voice as clear and musical as a bell, •o that people will li•ten to you just for th-. music of your voice, to be heard distinctly by the largest crowds, to have a throat of •teel that will never fail you, to have a great fund of freth and inter.,.ting info rm• tion, to be able to think at your best on yo•n feel and before a crowd, to be an effective sale•man in offering goodt or '" pr.sen tin ~ idea•. to speak without notes and never forget, to addreu a thron~ as though you were speaking to a single friend and to become your sdf the incarnation of the message you take to o thers. then take these len lesson• in the Art of Public Speaking. If you want to write for the pre.,, not for the waste basket. to be understood. not to be lauRhed at. to write letter s that bring replie•. to ae"" on committee&, "rite resolutions or party platforms. to gather the ~re. l es l fund of information,. to wTite a story tha t will read when print"d • • 11 , 0 und• when told. to recover from the brogue or the broken forms of foreign speech o r of untrained utterance. then take these lenons in the atud)· of the F.ngli•h ll\nguage. THESE LESSONS WILL BE WORTH YOUR WHILE. The following well-known speakers. writers and organizers were once students of Mr. Mtll• George R. Kirkpatrick, Anna Maley. Fred. 0. Warren, 1\:ate O'Hare. Frank O'Hare. Guy Lockwood, Mrs. Lockwood, Oscar Ameringer. Phil Calletl J. W. Slayton, Gertrude Breslau Fuller, 0. S. Wilson. Judge Gro••beck. Geo. W. Downing. Agnes Downing, John M. Work, Mrs. A. M. Salyer, r~, H. Turner. G~orge D. Brewer, J. E. Snyder. George Scott. Mrs. Bradford. Walter and Rose Walker, Anna Strunsky Walling. T. E. Latimer. Carnlm• · Lm e, J aineo O'Nel\1. W. C. Benton, J. L. Fitts, J. L. Engdahl. Dr. Nina E. Wood. TERMS : The Course of Lessons in Socialism, including a paperbound copy of "The Struggle for Existence" by Walter Thomas Mills. free, $!>.00 for a single student ; in cla..es of five or more, $3.00 each; in classes of ten or more with text book free to each student in any case, $2.50 each ; or the course free to anyone ordering ten copies of the doth-bound edition of "The Struggle for Existence" a t $1 .50 each ( rqJular price $2.50) ; or ten copies of "Democracy or Despotism" by Walter Thomas Mills, regular price $1.25 each. to one address. The Counes in the study cf English and in the Art of Public Speaking are $10.00 each for single students; in classes of five $7.50 each; in classes of len or more $6.00 each; or either Courae for a oin~l· student free to anyone ordering fifteen cloth-bound copieo of " H.Struggle for Existence' at $1.50 {regular price $2.50); or fifteen <o;.>•• of " Democracy or Despotism" at $1.00 each ( regular prico $1.25) "' one address. purchasers paying the freight. fJ Now is the time to get ready for the winter's work. You can in vest in nothing tha t will pay so large a return as when you onvrot in yourself. You can earn these courses gelling up clubs for the hookt You can greatly reduce the expense ~nd add to the pleature ond profu of the work by gelling up classes in any of th•se Couroeo. ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS. always mentioning that you saw this ad in THE WESTERN COMRADE, to The International School of .Social Economy R. R. • o. I, Box 15. BERKELEY. CALIFORNIA. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1918-03/04 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Description An account of the resource Double Issue Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918-03/04 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v05n11-12_191803-191804 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v05n11-12 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 42 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/7a817a279c83a58243e849d02c283913.pdf 53c02753745c2ad77bb304674bda5cda PDF Text Text to 1918 Price Ten Cents .. p:: Comr estern 1 Lib: 5th ave <].,,.\1 and 42nd ~t NY City N ~· "THE PAINTED PIGEON" - a smashing Story by ROB WAGNER "BIRTH C.ON. TROL" I -by MARGARET SANGER Beginning a Remarkable Series entitled "MODERN RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS" (Pianlalion Woods and Scenes in I he Colony) " D 0 E S C 0- 0 PER A Tl 0 N PAY ?" . " FREE D 0 M -B y E . RALPH C HEY N E Y 0 C RACY:· TIMELY EDITORIALS -By JOB HARR.IMAN 0F SPEECH -B y THERON FICTION - AND P. DE M- COOPER POETRY- HUMOR • �0 r Ga e a 0 F Uano's 16,000 Acre Plantaiion in 16,000 FERTILE ACRES After a natimt-wide tearch, it was finally decickd to purchase 16.llU~ in the heahhr..i highlands of Vernon Parish in Western Loui~illnll, at Stahles, one mile from leeoville. the parish seal of Vernon Parith, This it about 15 mitet rrom the Sabine river. about 40 miles from the Red riv r, (both navigable), forty miles from Alc;xandria, 100 mile• fmm Shreveport. and about 200 miles from New Orleans. 'l1•e hilifll~"d' of this di1trict are fertile, high, wdl-drained. healthful. There arc no owarnpt. no malaria, no mosquitoes. no fevers more thnn nrc found in oth ·r tlatco. Hcahh reports show that this portion of Loutlinrw cnn compare favorably with any other section of the United Stat ·t. 'There i• an abundance of drinking water of excellent quality. II. mot I ar f ul invcslij~ation was made regarding h ealth conditions. RcporiA compil d by the Hcahh Department of Louisiana were studied. lnhnhitnnln of this district were interviewed. All agreed on the heahh{ulncu of this portion o f the Sta le. and those who have hea rd dis· r,our~((in « report& from Louisiana are invited to make further and more CHrrful invc&til(olion ucfore arriving a t conclusions. The huu lrncl lie• sou thwest of Leesville and has had most of the timb r 11 1 off. Remaining along the creeks,however, arc scatter d pin 1 of the long leaf variety to supply the Colony with buildinG mnlorinl fo r mnny year~ to come. About 1200 acres of hardwooo timber worth mnny thousands of dollars are also on the land nnd Offer opf'ortupitics for the establishing of many industries. The timber in, Lee ·h, rnngnolin. white onk. cypress, walnut. post oak. red onk, swc t gum, and hickory. The trees are splendid ones, ntul thin body of timber is not to be surpassed in quality. 000 A TOWN CAME WITH IT ~ h n th p urchase wns first contemplated. and it , was finally d ooided to buy the 16,000 acres near Leesville, it was found that the lumbrr hnml t of Stables stood on the property. This was acquired wi th th land. A ho tel of 18 rooms, 27 habitable houses. 100 other small houses, one shed 130x300 feet, one shed 130x200 fl'<lt, no shed 60 I00 f e t, one store 30x90. one office 40x50, eight t'lthcr theds nd structures. The lumber in these buildings. together with oth r lumb r on the plnce, amounts to about 2 million feet. Tiu C r rnilr nd extrnrl across the land: A concrete power house ntnl on ret dr in~ kilns (cost to erect them, $12,000) each kiln nlm ut ·20 70 b 20 feet hi~h. nr" nlso induded. Stables is on the mnin line of tho KtmsM ' ty Southern Railroad. This town will be o u1\it:d far n \ hilc, hut ll\l~r a more s st.,matically laid out town will be huih. · TRANSPORTATIO · FA A hotel. dairy. range s tock, small laundry, store, machine shop, vulcanizing plant, gardens, hot beds, h rd f IJ 1111, some rabbits, some chickens, hogs, printinll dcpnrhn nt, f1i ~~. d ton, warehouse and material shed, are established dep rim nla now in op· eration. Machinery for the shoe shop is her , but not inlltlllad. Thia is true of the saw mill. A moving pictu r m chin is 3lre dy fl\1 hnaad, with chairs, and benches for 11 theater. P lnns 11r dr 1 n lind materiAl ready for the new .·theatre and dance floor, th s to b 1 p r Ia, Th school is giving practical instruction in grammar ach ol aubj 11. Trc• mendous progress is being made in every department, nnd th Orl!ftllilinll of departments is increasing the efficiency of tho entire pltlnln tion. HOW TO . BECOME A MEMBER The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony is orsoniz d 61 II 110 k company in order to secure the protection of th law to th { ull I I ex tent. Each member purchases two thou&ond ahnr 1 ot th pnr volu of $1 a share. One thousand is to be paid in caah or equivol nl b • fore the member becomes a residen t of the o lony. Thi1 furnith 1 the capital · for financing until the colony Ianda ore producing. Tho remaining thousand shares is worked out a t the rote of $1 o day credited on stock. In addi tion the member ia poid a 1moll oth woge, and credited with a bonus which bring• the to tal amount to $4 o day. Each member is furnished with a place to liv ond it IJUI!r nl ed steady employment. There is also the Instalment Member plan by whi h thot who can• no t make payments in full at once may take out a memb rthip on which they may pay $10 or more each month. Thote inter tied in this plan arc invited to write specially . concerning it. AGENTS WANTED Trustworthy agents are desired in different communilict, 11ml tho§ who can furnish first-rate reference~ are invited to corrupoml with 1M ~embership Department ro~erning bcccming our reprete~~llllive. WHAT CA BE PRODUCED ? A ca...ful investigation bas been tal::..,. h is found that a great " of ~IK:~ do \~I here. Peaunb, _._. potatoes, mdo.... of illll k - :m, tto>n, and SURU cane. ....,.., be dte best produttrs .and tl\ ~~ i tin~ ~tables of all kinds do w aod ~~% llll ~ ~~~ mum'S. This rcgioD is DOl • t1y wdl ·~~ fw fntit ~ .o11lk dehikd sla'-ls possible. Lat from a lll>f Itt'S ol ~·i!d tdability. ~ is giwD tbat ~ ~ ("!-.. ~ abd 9milu huits can be ~ ~"'.,.· utt~ u.d ~ -.1 t-ts for.age · :oeuJy doe ~""' ~r, \\Lik: ~ ~ of ~ is prooi,aa.Y.: ............, of lbr aba:nm6nt question askt<d. othi!lll«!S of ·~take ~"ere _,btf- ~ ~ ..... ~be ~ btR.. n del R o Colony, Stables, Louisiana ~~ �"No m'atter whose lips that speak, they must be free and ungagged. · bet us believe that- the whole t uth can never do harm to the whole of virtue; and remember that in order to get the whole truth you must allow· every man, right or wrong, freely to utter his conscience, and to protect him in so doing. Entire. unshackled freedom P o I. t i c a I A c .t o n· for .every m~·s life, no matter what hi~e. - the safety of free diseussion, no ~~tt~ h'dW wide its range. The community which dares not protect its humblest and ~most hated enemy in the ~ · free utterance of his opinions, no matter how false or hateful, is only a· gang of slaves." .· ·. -Wendell Phillips. Co-opera! The S o c i a' l i on sm Comrade '"The Most Constructive Magazine for Socialism in America. Entered as second-class matter ' November 4th, 1916. at the pcstollice at Llano, Cal.. under Act of March 3, .1879. Application for entry as secon~-cla~s maUer at _the po~tollice at Leesville, La., i>endi.ng: JOB HARRIMAN............ Man~ng Editor ALANSON SESSIONS........Associate Editor ERNEST S" WOOSTEIL.Business Manager Subscription Rate-75c a year; Canada $1; Single copies IOc; clubs oPI or more (in U.S.) SOc. Combinatio!\. with Llano Colonist, $1. Publishers and others are invited to copy at will from the WESTERN COMRADE, but are asked to give credit. · In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing department may be certain that the right name is changed. Please do n·ot send subscrjptions, changes of address, complaints, etc., to individuals. Address ALL communications to · the Uano Publications, Stables, La. This paper will not assume responsibility unless this rule is followed. The Western Comrade neither approves nor disapproves the sentiments expressed in contributions not signed by one of the editors. VOL. V. LEESVILLE, LA., FEBRUARY, 1918. By Job No.'10. Harriman Materialism Spirituality MATERIALISM is a composite of blind forces. SPIRITUALITY is a composite of intelligence and love. These mingled forces function only in. the hearts of pure and noble men and women. They seek the avenues of service and sacrifice, ~!ways endeavoring to uplift. Their standard of right is measured by their ability to help others. They spare no energy to save. ~ndangered lives. They will change their course, at whatever cost, t; s~ve, protect, or increase, the happiness of others. They will ~ive their own lives rather than absorb the lives of others. They are the embod· iment of mercy. Spirituality is kind, gentle, patient, long suffering, constant, enduring 'in friendship, persistent in sterling worth. Spirituali'ty is the mainspring of the heart, the inspiration of -the world, the mother of hope, the savior of despair, the harbor of safety of a stricken world. These forces work alike in the mineral, vege~able and animal world. They se~k the line of least · resistance, regardless of the circumstances. Might is always right, with blind force. Water runs down hill in the e(,lsiest channel though it drowns . a playing child. · A bullet will_. not change its course though it pass through .the heait of a baby. Energy is · absorbed by capital from man, woman and child alike. There is no mercy in materialism. It is stern, ruthless, persistent, heartless·, treacher· ous in friendships, with an eye only to advantage. Materialism is a great body rolling down hill, increasing in momentum and in vol~e as it goes. Materialism ts an non heel and the ruling P.()wers are its exemplifiers. �-· T-he ' Western Co rade r::;::::::.:.::::;.=7~:di~:.:::::~:::-:.:~ E Concentration must center in one head. This one must be able to cope with the situation, otherwise efficiency is as effectually defeated as if the power were centered in a dozen heads who disagree · upon policies and methods. The Senate is making a fatal mistake _b y creating a . war council having power to determine war policies. There are but two questions for the Senate to decide: First: Should we stay iri the war~ Second : How large should the budget be~ These two question~ settled, the rest should be left to Wilson and the staff he selects, if efficiency is to be attained. " No army was ever led to victory by a dozen generals, all vested with power to map out the campaign. Concentration of power is necessary if the end desired is to be efficiently accomplished. ROTZKY is that Northern Star that shines vision of Tolstoy. T Ill the ---o-- HE ~'Savanah News" is as blind as a bat, as stupid as a toad, and as mixed as scrambled eggs. Here is a specimen of its effusions: "As operator of the railroads, the government may actually crystallize public opinion against government ownership. If this occurs, the president will have brought about a double benefaction to the country, for he will have caused more efficient use during- the war, and taught the public that the solution of the railroad problem in times of peace is their operation in private hands." - That is to say: Efficiency will crystallize public opinion in favor of inefficiency! A brilliant bit of reasoning, we confess-equal, if notsuperior in wisdom, to the brayings of Balaam's ass. T ---o-- TROTZKY calls the social democrats of Gel'lll~n~ to · ' revolt. There seems to be a strange hand at work in shaping the destiny of these warring nations. Everywhere men cry for peace and still everywhere there is greater preparation for war. The balance of power swings first to the Allies, then to the Centr~l Powers, and every day brings doubted misgivings mingled now with hope and then with despair. While Russia was fighting hard and the United States entered the war arena, the die seemed cast in favor of the Allies. When the Czar went down before the Russiah rev.\_ c When China and Japan opened their war chests, again · Allied stock went up. When the truce arranged by the Russians and Germans, releasing from the east 1,500,000 soldiers; was consummated, the Central Powers again loomed up, and the Allies were stricken With fear. Then came the cail of Trotzky. It rang like a clarion throughout the world. The labor movement of every country, especially the Socialists, responded, with a voice determined to throw off the yoke of oppression and to establish peace everywhere. The labor movement of England gave T rotzky its support and pledged it determined assistance. Next came France, then Italy, then Spain. Later the social -democrats of Germany came out bolcfly against Junkerdom and pledged their lives to tear it asunder. And last, but not least, president Wilson promises to the Russian program his unqualified support. Thus the submerged class, that enormous bulk, that irresistible force, has been aroused and is rising from the social deep with Russia, its head, already well above water. --o-- C IAUS SPRECKLES, a multimillionaire sugar king, is now fighting Hoover, as he is accustomed to fight the labor movement. His clutches are upon his profits. All intruders are his enemies. High prices are his god. Low prices are his devil. To hell with Hoover and the workers. "Let them eat grass! " Now, for once, the go~·ernment understands the viewpoint of the worker, and Shylock will lose his bond. "All that glistens is not gold; Gilded tombs do worms unfold." --o-- c LOSE your eyes and give your imagination a bird's eye view of the world. You will see every country, city, town and hamlet bristling with bayonets and smeared with human blood. "Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are the peacemakers." --a-- F OMENTING of groundless popular suspicion is the most dastardly deed of which a human being can be guilty. A suspicious mind is dangerous not only to the general public but to the iOVemment itself. Suspicion is a form of insanity. It is supported only by a belief in the statements of those in whom con6r . �dence is ·reposed. False stat~ments lead to the _direst results, ofttimes to the murder ·of ~bsolutely innocent people. \ Men will act upon what they believe. Men will be~ lieve st~tements made by those in whom they confide. A recent issue of the "Literary Digest" contains matter true and false, so mixed that by it suspicion is inflamed against the innocent, the consequences of which however terrible, the "Digest" will go scot free. · In this hour of trouble, when passion runs Wild, all men in responsible positions should endeavor to harmonize and not to inflame public passion. Credulity and suspicion go hand in hand. A ---o-- LL profits are illigilimate in times of peace as well as but remember the cruelty of the Yankee soldiers South during the CiVil war, and ·the cruelties Rebels co~mitted in Libby prison, the crueltie; English soldiers in South Africa, Egypt and India, cruelties of our soldiers in the Philippines, we will not at a loss to understand the cruelties of the German iers -in foreign countries. War makes brutes of soldiers, and brutes are outside their native land. The soldiers of every always have been and always will be brutal to the enemy. This is war. W ---o-- E read in many magazines that the _revolution of Russia was due to the corruption of the Royal family and the moral depravity induced by a peasant religious fanatic. in times of war. Profits are always made at the sacrifice of human life. .. More astounding ignorIn peace the lives are sacance than this could not be rificed in the factories, the A TREAT FOR SOCIALISTS! displayed. industries, the marts of the The revolution in Russia EGINNING with the March issue of the world. was brought on by ·the bur~ W e s t e r n C o m r a d e, Comrade In war they are sacrificed dens that the aristocracy imLincoln Phifer, editor of "The New World" in the trenches as well as in posed upon the pe~ple of and formerly associate editor of "The Appeal the factories and industries Russia. The rumblings of a to Reason," will contribute a series of arand marts. general uprising have been ticles entitled The sacrifice of life in the increasingly heard for half trenches is so exceptional a century. "THE STORY OF AMERICAN and terrible that all are The same fact is now opSOCIALISM" shocked and horrified at the erating in Germany, and ihWe urge our readers to peruse this extrathought of it. But whoever deed in almost all t.urop.ea!n .. _----l\~1 ordinary story, and to pass it on to other has observed the unbearable countries. comrades: Bundles of ten or more, 5c each. conditions imposed upon Oppression is the mother men, women and children of revolutions. by the arrogant, greedy and It was the cause of the ambitious owners of mines, factories and large indus- French revolution; of the English revolution; of the tries, will have seen a sacrifice that will curdle his blood. American revolution against England; of almost, if not The accumulated fortunes of the rich are measured by all, the revolutions of the world. the blood and misery of the poor. The oppressed know it too well. Every one is anxious that the war should end and the The oppressot' is blind to it. He is blinded by his slaughter cease. luxury, his power and his greed. It is this fact that Now is the time for the government to end the makes revolutions inevitable. slaughter and oppression in the factories and industries by putting an end at once to all profits by assuming control of all commercial and industrial affairs out of which "The scheme of Socialism involves the complete conprofits and privileges arise. trol of the individual by government, thus sacrificing Man is man. And no man should be permitted to de- one's freedom for his economic welfare. For this, So~ vour another in times of war or peace, by means of cialism cannot be accepted by society as a solution for profits or otherwise. its ills."-Woodrow Wilson, The State. B M UCH is now being written of the brutalities and cruelties of the German soldiers. The statements, while doubtless true, are altogether misleading. If we May we ask the president whether the above-described condition, which certainly exists in this country today in an extreme form, is Socialism~ And Is he the president of a Socialist Republic~ �.r TION accomplishes many things, but the one - of iliings. -Th~ .:New Orl~s Pi~yune'' of ...uu"''Y''·' will most interest the average reader is the fa,ct that has the following story: · . -. . Llano Coleny is serving meals at its hotel fQr twelve "The rice, su~ar, co.~, coJton pl~ters and farmers, ~d ~e · pro; duce~s. of fo?d !11 Lou1s1ana are on a strike. They say that similar cond11Ions ex1st m other states, and that some organized relief- movedespite the high cost of living; despite the fact that men_! ...or some other agency must take hold or there will be a fo-1 served on the table must be bought in the open famme. r-When the gardens begin to produce; when the col. ~at the t~re~t ~s . not ·idl_e , they prove by pointing to the fact that s its own hogs and cattle and sheep and rabbits and desp1te the ,high pnces obtamed last year there is ·a decreased acreage - of eve~ food commodi_ty. Even the acreage that has been' planted ; ·when there is sugar from -the colony's sugar-cane was ag~mst the bette~ J~dgfuent of ihe planters, and was a patriotic and syrup from the same ·source; whe'n the berries and concessiOn to t?e nahon s plea. Unless something is done, and done its are a part of each m~al; when the rice fields are · SOOn, money Will not be ab)e to buy food, because there will not be to the grains u~~d. and the oats enough labor to produce the food. part of each breakfast; when the The negro exod~s from the agricultural districts began -early last year. There had lands are producing' for the been s.imilar hegiras in other years, and table; then the colonv meals HILE the various parts of the when harvest or grinding times came cost less. United States agitate or around the negroes returned in sufficient are horticuhurists in the colnumber. The expectation of like eventl.UIIclamor for reforms o r emergency ity temporarily allayed alarm. The rewho lo;;-g for a chance to demonlegislation, or more efficient methpopulation was also depended upon to e what this land will do. But ods, the Colony is quietly putting replace the drain of the draft and the 'ty dictates that the fruit take many of them into . operation. lure of government and other emergency d place this year in the efforts of work nearer home. But the negroes did For instance: while a Kansas not return, and gathering and linishin·g e colonists. Next year, perhaps, City paper tells of an agitation for the crops became' a struggle and a desof the fruit men will have their a six-day-a-week school, the co)ony perate chance. Many barely pulled chance. It is not because their value has it. through, and are convinced they could is not appreciated, but because the not repeat the race with as much prosWhile daylight saving is being best crops for 1918 are cotton, corn, pect of success. For that reason nobody agitated, the Colony has adopted has attempted to plant even as much as melons, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, the policy, and it has already been last year, although the demands of the and garden truck. They are safe and in operation. nation is for increased production of all sure and high in price and profitable. Everywhere the cry is for infoods. They will produce an income this year. There is more to it, but this will give creased agricultural production. · Therefore the farmers have decided to a good idea of bow independent agri~ The Colony is organized to achieve concentrate ~n . them. The colony culture is faring in the South when lathis, and is already carrying out its must provide food for itself this season. bor is being lured away to the 'factorplans. It will do so unless the unforseen inies. It is the strongest argument for "Economy of distribution" is the tervenes. co-operative effort that could be asked phrase being widely used. The Colfor. While the independent little ony has long applied this principle, "BETTER LAND THAN farmers and even some of the big ones and the reduction of costs is strikTHOUGHT" of the South are being forced to let ing and enormous. some of their land go idle, the Llano " I thought I knew something about "Women in Industry" is attractColony, through co-operation is able ing attention everywhere, but nothis land as I have lived in the South to put new land under the plow. all of my life, but this land is better where are they more sanely initiated than I thou'ght it was. I am working into industry than at the Colony. PAID TO GO TO SCHOOL out there with the clearing crew and I "Efficiency" is almost a fetish have a first rate opportunity to get first these days. Yet no community surBut the plans of the colony are hand information. I came here exmore systematic than the plans of most passes and few equal the communpecting that we would be able to do commumhes. Putting I 000 acres' of ity efficiency of everyday life in the land under cultivation in six months is well. _I read the colony literature and Colony. I thought the land must be very good. no mere child's play. It takes careful planning as well as .hard work and it But it is better than I thought and I see requires system. The capitalistic word no reason why we should not become independent if we use only ordinary good methods. If we do "Efficiency" is the word heard oftenest in the colony. One as we should, nothing can prevent us from becoming rich as of the ways of gaining efficiency is to offer some tangible rea community." ward for it. The children of the Colony are being offered that These are the words of one of the comrades from T ex- reward and it is. succeeding. The children are on an eight-hour basis for six-days of the · arkana. The comrade who spoke is not an excitable enthusiast. He weighed carefully the chances of sqccess of week. They must account for forty-eight hours of the week. If the colony before he decided to bring his family in. He knew they fail to do so, they_ fail to receive the amount of pay that 'that it would take work to secure results. He has not been the faithful ones do. But the children are not kept in school for eight hours. accustomed to such work as grubbing, but he selected this work himself and is doing his part to make the farming end Part of this time is employed in useful work. For instance, the boys (and many of the girls) have built perhaps a mile of the enterprise show a profit and a big one. of board fence, surrounding garden patches to protect them FIRST FEED TI-rE COLONY from loose stock. Some of the girls work in the hotel, and As told la~t month, agriculture has first place in the plan it is one of the problems of the teachers that they must plan W .• �The Westn'D Coml'aGe .::.__ An 1m porta~ t Annou-n cerilen f CJ Beginning with an early issue, the W e s t e r n Co m r a d e will be known as The Internationalist The change of name w~ll be a surprise to many of our readers, many of whom possibly will not understand why such a change has been made. We hope the following explanation will make this clear: 1. The W e s t e r n C o m r a d e is no longer. "western." Sectionally speaking, it is "southern." 2. The time is now ripe for an advantageous change of name ot the magazine. The . Western Comrade was first published in Los Angeles, California, by a handful of brilliant Socialists, including Emanuel Haldeman-Julius, Frank E. Wolfe, Stanley Wilson, Chester Wright, Rob Wagner and others. It immediately became famous in radical circles. In june, 191 4, the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony took over the magazine, and has published it ever since. Its circulation has increased steadily and its constructive advocacy of co-operation and socialism is constantly making it more popular. t]J CJ It has been decided that the magazine has simply outgrown its name. It is no longer a, sectional periodical. It has already assumed national significance. It is fast assuming INTERNATIONAL importance. t]J The Socialist movement never ' ·such international signifiss es at this mo. me . he Russian revolution is leading the working class into a United States of the World. The nation, as a historical facror, is passing rapidly into oblivion. Many men now living will see the federation of nations that must inevitably come. t]J In the light of these facts, it is incongruous and narrow for us to preserve the name of the Western Comrade. The magazine is at this moment one of the few influential Socialist publications in the United States, or even in America. It is commanding the respect of every school of thought. Because of its broad position in supporting every movement making for the emancipation of labor-the Socialist party, the trades-union, the co-operative colony, consumer's co-operationit will continue indefinitely to exert a tremendous influence in the solution pf social and industrial problems. the classes so that these girls can get out in time to set the tables. Some of the boys handle teams, others work in the industrie;;, some in the offices, and all who wish can find work to do. There are few who are not industrious. Paying the children for going to school is a paying proposition for the colony. · INDEPENDENT CHILDREN The children are making ambitions plans for the future. They are laying out what they want to do and they are going ahead to do it. First, in order to build the clubhouse, they had to get lumber. They found a building and got permission to wreck it. They hauled the lumber. They are building the clubhouse. When it is done they expect to conduct their own eating establi hment and will serve meals at cost. They will not do this alone. It will require jnstruction. It will mean competent direction. But they will do much of the work and will learn how to work with their hands, how to manage, and how to plan. They will be able to conduct this work because they will have the- money to do it with. They are being paid wages. Why shouldn't they care for themselves? . But that i not all. The girls will want to learn to sew. They will learn in a practical manner by making garments. Already thi woFk has been taken up to some extent. When they have their clubhouse they will be ahle to go still further into this indusby. The Internationalist will continue to present the cream of the radical thought extant. The most brilliant writers in the Socialist and labor movements will contribute to our columns. In a short time the magazine wilf be increased again from forty to forty-eight pages-later to fifty-six pages. t]J The is no .limit to th~ pos ibilities for The Internationalist. The opportunity is here. The material is abundant. All that is needed is an enthusiastic army of Internationalists to spread the gospel of constructive Socialism. t]J Remember that when you boost for The Internationalist, you are boosting directly for CO-OPERATION IN ACTION, for the ''most constructive magazine for Socialism in America" is financed, ed.ited and published by co-operative colonists. t]J t]J Are you going to help? The price of a year's subscrip· tion to The lnternational'st will be advanced from 75 cents to $1.00 the first of May, 1918. Immediate subscriptions will mean a saving to you of 25 cents on. the dollar. Fraternally, T h e L I a n o P u b I i c a t i o n s. The children will work in the gardens of course. They will be feeding themselves and preparif)g their own meals. They will be clothing themselves and making their own clothes. The children of the colony are thus made an asset instead of a "' liability. for their energies are being turned into practical channels. Once in a while arises a voice which says: "Aren't you working those children too hard?" ·But ask the boys and girls. They will stoutly deny it. They enjoy the work. They are not put at disagreeable tasks that others do not like to do. They are put at the sort of work that appeals to them as being work. They are put at the work that is the same that the men and women of the plantation do. Therefore, they enjoy it. They realize that it is useful and they take a pride · in it. They are not given tasks but work as a part of their schooling. The boys who go out under a competent instrue? tor to build fences and drive teams and build and wreck buildings are learning more of practical things than they would if they were kept inside at books. CO-OPERATIVE ACHIEVEMENT Never before has the world talked so much of co-operation. Never before was co-operation so urgent as it is now. Dreamers dreamed of it as a principle that should bind men together. Practical men have had to come to it in many places because_ they found they could thus avoid exploitation to some extent. But between the dreamers _who wished to co- �The We• te rD c ·omraLde / because there was a principle involv~. and those because there is no r.ent to be paid.. There are no profits to hard-hetded men who co-operate to such degree as go to non-workers. There-are no useless costs and added bur- were' forced to, there has always existed quite a .wide dens. The colonists 'are rich in the things they ~nt. and The dreamers failed to get the viewpoint of. the prac- their prospects of becoming richer are distinctly good. ·They have all the natural resources for building homes, for groWing men, the ptactical men viewed the dreamers wit~ pity. In the Llano Colony there is the fullest co-operatiOn, and crops that will provide food and shelter. There are few the practiCal men who see it are fore~~ to follow th~ s~eps things, essential things at any rate, that they can not proof the dreamers who saw it as a VlSlon, and put ~ mt6 duce · from their own lands. They are not doing it now and will not .for a year to come or for several years, but the day practice. The colony is progressing. The population is steadily in- is surely · coming when the Llano Colony will b~ self-supcreasing. The respect of the neighbors is bei~ gai·ned, for porting in virtually everr particular. And all of this contributes to "Meals Twelve Cents." The there is something different about the colony town and about other towns. One is the bustle of industrr. Colonists work. price will go down and down and down. It is a matter of time They must work. Loafing is not tolerated. It" is too ex- only. The meals are nourishing and palatcble, Yet the cost pensive a luxury to be permitted. Therefore, there are no is only twelve cents. This includes labor as well. When sumidle men and boys congregating in groups about the colony. mer comes and the garden crpps are being harvested, this will There is too much work to be done. The colony can not go down still more. When, in another year, the dairr has been built up, the poultrr yards are doing their part, and the afford to have idle men when there is work to be done. There is the bakery for instance. The colony has been .beef herd is a source of revenue, costs will go down further · · forced to buy bread. Butt now the bakerY is almost ready to and further. The Llano Colony has a brilliant future. It has wealth, be accupied, and in a short time the ColonY_ bakerr will ~e selling bread instead of buying, will be making ~ ~ro~t m- both present and potential. It has already developed efficstead of paying one. At the same time, the colomsts will be iency, as a community characteristic, till it is far superior to buying bread at lower cost than even before. There has been the rest of the district, and will compare well with any part so much work to do that it has been impossible to get at the of the country. . In a day of co-operation, the Llano Colony bakery before. The bakery will not be in use before the is taking the lead by pointing the way to the greatest results first of March, but when it is ready, it will soon begin to pay through the application of the principles of co-operation in the widest manner possible. for itself. The Colony receives many letters from persons who claim There was a cow barn and a milk house to be built. They are finished. Two great sheds have been entirely wrecked and to be socialists and who express some doubt of the genuine are now stored away or the lumber used. The material shed co-operative nature of the colony. Some of these letters keeps two men ·at work. Old lul.llber is sawed and stored in are sarcastic, some are bitter, and some are written in the stacks. It is the Colony lumber yard. When the sawmill is friendly spirit of inquirr • The Llano del Rio Company of Nevada is incorporated •un·started the supplie!> will be increased, but the tremendous quantities of old lumber makes it unnecessarY to start the der the laws of the State of Nevada. Copies of the charter, letters of incorporation and copies of the by-laws may be lumber industry for a while. It is safe to say that farm work in the colony is further secured from the capitol of that slate. The Colony differs from other capitalistic concerns in one advanced than it is in most places in the South. With the colonists it is almost a religion that they must get .in a large particular- the shareholders are working members right here acreage this year. They are making big plans but they are on the ground. Tl,ey share equally in the surplus, if any. making them carefully and they are going. to keep on schedule. It is up to the working members to create this surplus. The / How many acres are cleared? It is difficult to say with mere stockholder receives nothing unless he works. much hope of getting the information to readers authentically. This Colony has the referendum, initiative and recall. Any Perhaps it· is best to say that on February first about 400 one in position of trust or authority may be dealt with through acrees were cleared; the work is going forward at the rate of this triple power. So f~r it has never been used. The inbout seven acres a day. The reader can estimate the number competent man never fights successfully to hold power. Three hundred and fifty of us are now here working under of acres from these figures with considerable accuracy. The plows follow the clearing as closely as is deemed nec- the above-mentioned charter and by-laws, and enjoy it. We essary. The land is not being cleared as the word "clear" all feel secure and perfectly protected. signifies in many places. The stumps are being left in the We are pioneering. Conditiens are comparatively rough, ground. They can be taken ·out at some future time. Many and still there will continue to be hardships. Are you strong of them are being burned out, but still many are left. How- enough to stand disappointments, misunderstandings and perever, thc_y do not interfere with planting, for the plows which sonal discomfort? Are you willing to grub roots, to plow, are used get close up to the stumps. The rolling land of the to harrow, to do carpenter work, to haul, or to do anything t:<:'!l)ny stretches away in plowed acres from ridge to ridge, else necessarr to make the work on the ranch go ahead? If an inspiring sight to the visitor, a showing in which the col- so, you have the genuine co-operative spirit and you will make a splendid colonist. onists take great pride. It means independence to them. Planting is late in the south this year. It is an unusual Many people write us puzzling letters. They put us in winter.· There has been more cold weather than' ever before. the' attitude of doing something for them. Why should we But while the north has been celebrating the winter with guarantee a complete and heavfnly haven of refuge for those 'iheatless" days, the colonists have had an abundance of fuel. desiring admittance? The question is: What are YOU willing Tney have -been having "sleetless" days instead. If we~lth to do to make life safe and pleasant for the MAJORITY in be measured in real things and not in money, then the Colony the Colony? If a person is not willing to give more than he · is rich, for it has been warm and well fed. But if wealth expects to get, • he will be disappointed here, and he had is to be measured in money then they are not rich, for they better stay away. · make no pretense of having money. ·Yet with a small wage Are you willing to take things as they are and not be dispa_id to the members they are able to get along nicely. That is appointed if they do not tum out fu)]y as you expected? �- ' ' \"· -· •"' The. We1tern :. L ..;. " ·""' . .. "r . ,---l...." Comrade -s·i r th Control B IRTI-1 Control is a new philosophy of social relations which has · recently arisen in this country;- the basis of which is prevention It differs of conception. from other social philosophies in that it goes at once to the heart of the soci·aJ problems of our times and applies to nearly every individual. In my work in the nursing field I came in daily contact with various aspects of social conditions, as they exist today. I was confronted with two classes of society. In the first class, where wealth, leisute, education . are enjoyed, prevention of conception is known and practiced. The problems of the day do not come from this class. While on the other side, wlaere prevention of conception is not known, we have poverty, disease, pro s t itution, drunkenness, vagrancy, unemployment, infant and maternal mortality, an• the alarming increase in abortions. I found that the mothers of this class are kept in ignorance, but are anxious and desirous of the knowledge . which will prevent their bringing children into · . world to die of poverty. I found that they would face death thr.ough ·abortions rather than bring children into the world and compel them to spend their childhood days toiling in mills and factories. I found that the great average woman, living on the average workingman's wage of. $12 a week, does not want a large family, but is forced to endure the pains of childbirth because of her ignorance to prevent conception. The United States is forcing undesired motherhood upon mil- lions of its women ·victims. And I claim that the state has no more right to ravish a woman against her will by keeping her in ignorance than a _____ik~-n has througl- brute force. '--l:l:te women of today do not desire to spend the whole of their adult lives in l:iringing children into the world, and refuse to be mere child-bearing machines. · The state has not accorded woman the dignity of freedom so long as her body remains the slave of ignorance, for no woman can call herself free who cannot choose the time to be a mother or not, as she sees fit. Out of this desire for voluntary motherhood has arisen this great struggle for woman's liberty, for the freedom of her own body, for its release from the domination of ignorance enforced by church and state. Out of this rebellion has risen the birth control movement in the United Stites. The astounding fact is, and statistics bear out the facts, prevent conception. Our problems of war never be solved until birth rate is controlled the people themselves. control is practiced the adJ anced and edtlcatec:t people of all countries. In Holland, F ranee, and New Zealand it is quite generally practiced by the common people. The results oL 30 years work in Holland should be known to all. The fact: that _.. during thes" years, with the fall of the birth rate, the death rate has fallen so perceptibly that the population has acceler- •· ated, is proof against the loud-mouthed orators who say th.a t birth control means race suicide. Birth control means race improvement: it means fewer babies, but it also means less sickly and dead babies. l means · fewer chiidren to toil in factories and mills, but it means more ·babies playing jn the open sunshine in the fields and playgrounds. It also means early marriage, free from the diseases ~ which late marriage and promiscuous living bring. It means a wanted children born in love, reared in comfort. It means fa freer womanhood: a .healthier manhood. It means unltimately an emancipaterl race. -<>-- MAKING DEMOCRACY "Don't stick the bayonet i~ more than six inches, because it will be hard to pull out. If you get the point stuck in a bone, shoot it loose. Make short, quick jabs. Most of your bayonet fighting will be at night, so be careful not to stab your fellow solc!'iers. Stick to kill! If you're too close to stick str».igl1t out, turn the gun upside down, grab the of the barrel nnd stick it up through his chin."-From ua.Yv••c••. tructions in Fort Snelling Training Camp•. I ..,... �The Western of Speech and o ·e mocracy By ·Theron P. Co_oper ./ and idealistic Russian revol1,1ti0nists get buried so deeply in public libraries. Hence, too, political ·the difference between "free speech" and freedom of speech is not by any means the boon to humanicy · · . explained to them, "Well, wlfat we want which it .· might be. · Yet vast as is the sum of stupidity,· dishonesty, cowardice.. understood how bail a thing it is for the wild, ignorant, or actually vicious ideas and apathy created by social and economic repression ofresentful company with such thoughts. thought, political .freedom of speech, press and assembly have they knew that the most terrifying theories in so many instances routed tyranny, corruption and dismeaning. And lastly, they had that eager honesty that they are deeply endeared to the inactive mass of' . ..which craves knowledge from :al)Y source mankind. · A wise ruler would not dare, would not wish,. to confident of its ability to distinguish the suppress them, because he knows that the instant suppression starts, suspicion and distrust, however unjust in themselves, false. is, in the end, the one thing which will pro- will awake. Freedom of speech always depends either upon the absense fit for democracy and self-rule; no one of them independent judgment and none willing to accept of coercive power or upon conscious restraint in its use. Where a social convention, an economic or political sys- you find a person speaking in undertones, or lying, or afraid to venture an opinion, you will not have far to look for some and upon the bare word of authority. far from the understanding which these simple person or institution whicli would punish him in some tangible some of the world's greatest men who'thought way for his opinion. On the other hand, where you do find have had of the nature of the human mind and the freedom of speech you will find that the persons who would like to translate disapproval in terms by which it can grow to of force are by some means held in reedom of speech means that check. As an instance, . _take th,e permit anyone, at any time or . Australian ballot which is a singularly express ·whatever opinion he effective free speech measure because FREEDOM of speech means that and we must do so without by complete secrecy it protects each though,t, desire or impulse to we must permit anybody, at man from the coercive displeasure of him for anything he says. any time and place, to express those of contrary opinion. democracy, freedom of speech In friendship and in love there is tre~~-tc)la-soc:J·;aJ , economic and powhatever opinion he holds and to always an implicit promise that We have political, economic, use to the full such powers of pernothing which is said will be conveyed . freedom of speech, but until to hostile ears. So here, too, opinion · three come together we will not suasiOn as he may possess; and can be expressed withou~ fear .or favor. complete freedom of opinion: How often do we stop to reflet:t that until then will we have complete that we must do so without either the great value which these intimate At present social instituthought, desire or impulse to punish relations have in the intellectual develand economic maladjustment opment and happiness of all of us . is an influence in curbing free him for anything he says. direct result of the free expression of opinion which so stultifies the minds questions and beliefs which they of ninety-five out of a hundred men allow? and women that before maturity they . But secrecy, which is so effective at' become· actually incapable of forming sound judgments on public issues and have no desire to do so. the pollin g place and between friends, is not applicable to all In our social system suppression of free speech commences the issues of life. Moreover, it evades the issue. Instead of with the · child, under parental authority. In our nurseries hiding a man from coercive power, democracy must take from . we begin the discouragement of intellectual curiosity and the rulers and favored classes the power to withhold bread and substiJution of ready-made opinions, which we. who do not freedom from others, before freedom of speech and intelliknew how to end wars or poverty or even to elect a good .geuce can become general. The inevitable conclusion which a · study of freedom of mayor, guarantee as true. Church, school, college and social conventions continue the process; and when we have speech brings us to, is the pity that men do not take it for dumped in enough class and racial prejudice and encouraged themslves, and permit it for others. If we had intelligence we an earnest enthusiasm for the trivial, the young man or woman would scrupulou?IY guarantee that we would never threateri . is unconscious except in rare moments of depression of the or injure another for any expression of opinion, however .what he says may pain or insult the things we hold dearest. If we void left by the non-development of his powers of thought. Our economic system controls opinion even more severely. had courage, we would never refrain from speech because · In business and industry free expression of thought by any ruin. imprisonment or death is threatened. What is true of free speech in times of p·!ace is true during young woman or man would become an insurmountable barrier to success. Cruel, wasteful, dishonest, irrational and war. Merely because the issues are greater the pen~lties are blundering as the economic system is, no one may say so pub~ more severe. It remains true that the most honest government licly who has a job to lose and a family to feed. Labor takes a long step towards misunderstanding, dissension, susleaders have had a keen consciousness of this for years be- picion, and its own corruption when it will not trust its case fore our political freedom of speech appeared to be threatene& to free discussion. And it is not true that because the tyranny· Actually in the mass of mankind very little eager and active is · brief. it will do no hium. Is it no harin that more than twenty men in different parts of the country have been taken , .. ,_,_ .. , 5 , ... ~..- -survives the social and economic diseiJJ-l~n,. to be to the momentous problems of mature life. Hence during the past month by masked cowards and flogged until ideas and inspiring thoughts~have so little in8uence and (Continued on Page 34) a ,· _:_I . �-The . ~stern MQdern ' Relig_ious Moveme.nts: L a ft e r. D a y S a in t- is-m-1 t s Essence and Purpose By Elder J0 I. E . R 0 biD I 0 n, President California Mission (<llurch of Jesus <llrist of Latter Day Saints). sociations. In each little community a practical man has been chosen, aside from the officers of the local institution,- who is looked u n · as a "vocational director." His business is to' · · h po d d fid f · t' · [ · . wm t e regar an · con ence o young men m par 1cu ar HE Chur~.h of Jesus Christ of Latte; Da~ S~ints, "Mora?d help d~termine fo~ them t.h~i; professional career and monism, (so-called because of theu behef m t\le Book---- dtrect them m all vocatiOnal actiVIties. · of Mormon), is essentially a practical religion, being the The Sabboth schools, Religion cl,sses and Primary assodarevealed Gospel of the Lord jesus Christ. It is founded not tions, each in turn take care of the youth and children of the alone on the scriptures given to us by the Jews in the Old and Mormon families, according to their. er.vironment and years. New Testaments, but it is amplified by the American volume In the Sabboth school is a particular class designed for and of scripture, the Book of Mormon, and revelations and author- ' called the "Parent's class," in. which men and women of experience teach those who. are you11:g~ the art of home gover_nity from God to His · prophets of the nineteenth ce~tury. The principal mission of the Church of Jesus Chnst of Lat- ment, and discuss the soctal and ciVIl problems of the hour-m ter Day Saints is the salvation in the world to come, but here ' each community. Any question about public institutions, taxin this world TODAY and NOW. It is founded upon the same ation, civic improvements, prohibition, etc., are discussed freely organization that existed in the primitive church, viz., ap6stles, in these classes and instruction given_, by competent an? exprophets, evangelists, pastors, teachers, etc., and has all other perienced members, to shape the destmy of the commumty. officers named in the New Testament scripture such as patAs early as October, 1849, scarcely more than two years riarchs, high priests, seventies, elders, bishops, and deacons. after the Saints entered the valley of the Great Salt Lake In its organization it has given ample opportunity for the (July 24, 1847), the little handful of people in that valley, initiative and executive capabilities of all its male members fighting the crickets, Indians, and hard conditions, organized and a goodly number of its female. Every male upwards of what was termed a "Perpetual Emigration Fund" which obtwelve years, who shows an appreciation for his faith and in- tained until the funds of the company were escheated by the tegrity in observing the same, is clothed upon with some de- United States government in 1887. During the period of its gree of priestly authority, and "without money or price" is perpetuity, hundreds of select, courageous, God-fearing men, called to service. Because of this and other helps in govern- women and children were emigrated from the old world where ment, the entire membership .of the Church is looked after they were the "prisoners of walled-up streets" and the slaves individually and its condition, spiritually and temporally, hus- of the market or mine, and brought to the Great West ll.I}d banded, and where necessary, reported to the proper official made free land owners in the open and "under the sun," no l. for direction or help, spiritually and materially, as conditions longer subject to the call of the whistle and bell. Those who warrant. It is so complete in its organization that it is often lived, through good fortune, industry and frugality, reimbursed . referred to as the most perfect in the world. This excellency this fund to the amount advanced them for emigration, but has been obtained because of co-operation. Poverty stricken, some were unable to do this. An interesting item is found in without money or means of exchange (except the products of.. the history of the Mormon Church, April 6, 1880, fifty years the soil) they built their roads, bridges, public buildings, after its organization, when in consequence with the spirit of schools, factories, and their great mercantile institutions by the old Hebrew law to forgive the debtor his debts on the co-operative labor and investment. They were the first to year of jubilee, the people · voted to "remit $802,000 of in~ introduce and husband the sugar beet industry which has be- debtedness to this fund, in favor of the worthy poor, and to come such an important factor in the commercial world of the distribute 1,000 cows and 5,000 sheep among the needy." It intermountain district. is needless to say that such examples of care for the living · Its "helps in gov.ernment" consist of a Woman's Relief proves conclusively that the Mormon Church is providing for society embracing 45,000· women of mature years who are the souls of men NOW, as well as preparing them for the fuaffiliated with the National Council of Women and whose par- ture. In fact the work which is done in their Temple is an .alticular lield of ministry is among the sick and poor. Their truistic one, they firmly believing that they can "act for. and report for 1916 shqws their resources as $608,750.~ with a in behalf of" those who are dead and stand for them in orliability of less than ~?OO~. Long ago_ t~~y were a onished dinances initiating them in the fold of C~ri~t by prox_y, a work to gather wheat for a ttme of scarctty · and have 15,393 the dead cannot do for themselves. Thts Is a doctnne of the bushels in insured storage. They spent 25 ,985 days with the old scriptures as evidenced in Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians sick, and made 88,140 special visits to the afflicted; gave aid (I Cor. 15 :29), '-'Else what shall they do which are baptised to 6,803 families; prepared 2,193 bodies for burial and as- for the dead if the dead rise not at all? Why are they then sisted missionaries' families in the sum of $2,735. 53. Theirs baptised for the dead?" is a service without cost for it is voluntary. Every cent colThe renowned Dr. Milner, in his wonderful book, "The End lected finds its legitimate end in charity work. of All Religious Controversy," admits that the Catholic church The Mutual Improvement association of young men and neither by the tradition of the fathers, nor their early writings, women looks after the activities of more than 75,000 young is able to make an exposition of this principle of vicarious people, not only in a social and religious sense, but in an econ- work, which seems to have been so well understood by the omic. "The making of a citizen" being one of the chief Saints in the days of the Apostles. The making of prayers thoughts entertained, it teaches the principles of citizenship, and doing of penance for the dead is an evidence today that banking, railroading, manufacturing, mining, agriculture, art, · some ide~ of freeing them from purgatory, still obtains. The music and domestic science. Men and women who have spec- Latter Day Saint believes that those who have died without a ialized in these fields, travel at large among the people, teach- knowledge of Christ, from Adam until the last shall be born ing them, and books· treating of these particular questions are in the earth, as well as honest souls who have died without a <<2'ntinued on Page 37) to be found in all the libraries of the Mutual Improvement as[Thi• article begins a senes by a number of prominent authorities explaining. the substance of modern systems .o~ religion and ethi'."'l thought. !be next arttcle wtll be on U.t~ohc•&m. Readers are mv1ted to express the•r opm10ns to the e<:htor.] T �twelve The" We,.tern Comr"ade / Moonlight By Marian Miller A YELLOW evemng glow covered the prairies with its mellow mystery. The ~ld pond rippled its sur~ace, · _, primrose from the west, m the same breeze that hfted heavy brown curls on the girl's forehead. She drew in a full breath of the dewey air-rich with -the cool, faint perfume of willows and of wild roses. Wild roses always brought thoughts of Joe! They were his favorites. "I like ·'em because they're like you,'.' he had once said, and the simple sincerity of his compliment had left its glow in her heart, and it always warmed anew at the fragrance of that dainty flower. She closed her eyes, breathing deeply for a while. The scented air was full of memories. She let her bosom fall naturally, and the sigh that followed seemed to express more than weariness. And then the moonlight on her uplifted face showed that she was smiling, a little faintly, a little whimsically. "Old Moon," she half whispered, "how can you make me feel that way? Because you have practiced all these years and years on all the lovers of the world? Did they fed like this;. Could you make their hearts hurt, too? Mine never felt quite like this before." She raised her arms in an unconscious gesture-she could not have told why-as to the moon, but it trailed on unheeding. Somehow, she could not bear its brightness longer~ and turning her back to it, she leaned over the pasture gate, obscured by the shadows of the drooping elms, so that she could scarcely have been seen from the road. She hung over the wheezing old gate, moving it monotonously back and forth; its sleepy creaking seemed almost musical, and fitted into her mood. What memories it revived! Recollections of -happy hours with Joe, in the days before the responsibility of reasoning had been thrust upon her by the story of her mother's love-the story that had cast its heaviness over the last two Y!'!ars-two years of college and travel-to "forget." How slowly that time had passed-yet here she was, ·home again at last-home in the out-of-doors of her childhood! A wee~ had passed-a week of exploring the once familiar creek, of picking wild strawberrie·s, hunting for hens' nests in the weedy orchard, of climbing trees, of doing the hundred things of her tom-boy days. · But after the first enthusiasm passed, her explorations became restless and aimless. There seemed to be nothing to do. As for Joe-slle had not dared to ask about him for the story of her mother had left its impress. Her eyes filled with the tears that the thought always brought. These two years had been shadowed by the resentment of that desertion. It was a subject her •father never mentioned. Only once had he talked about it-that evening two years ago, just before he had sent her off to college. The memory of that evening was indelibly fixed on her mind. She had lived it over and over, and tonight she felt it coming again. At college she had thrust it back-but tonight, with that breeze now laughing, now -wailing in the elms above her-tonight, with the alternate dark and moonlight, and the breath of the roses--Joe's wild roses!-she had to live it all over again. She could see it all-not a detail escaped her. She remembered how she had crept out to the wide porch, where her father was having his evening smoke. It was a peaceful August evening with a sky of stars. She had gone to her f~ther wist~lly, shyly, with,the intu!tion of the growing woman m her telhng her not to disturb hts reverie. But she was terribly, terribly lonely. She had settled herself on the step beside him, and snug· gled against his shoulder. For a long time she was quiet, and. then, pulling his grizzly face down against her cool, smooth cheek, she had said, "Daddy-daddy, please don't send me away tomorrow." He had dropped his pipe with a .clatter, and his arm·s tightened about her, holding her close, close for a while, crushing his face against her hair. At last he said: "Jimmie, you're the only boy I've got, but you're gettin' to be almost a man now, so I reckon you're old enough to--to know." His voice broke then , in spite of his attempt to be playful, and of his use of the old endearments. · · Then he had straightened, thrusting her almost roughly from his arms, and after lighting his pipe with shaking fingers, he had puffed viciously for a while. . "Jimmie," he said, "I've called you Jimmie since you was a little tike, partly 'cause I wanted a boy then and I sorter got the habit before I learned to be glad you were a girl, and partly 'cause I haint cared much for wimmen folks sincesince" he gulped, and started again. "When it all happened, I moved out where nobuddy knowed me, and when you got big enough to ask questions, I told you your mother was dead . . Well, Jim, she is dead as far as you and me is concerned, but, dead-she ain't! " She still remembered the cold horror that had seized her then. "I never told you, jim, because your mother was a good woman-and for your sake- well, I couldn't. I guess I wouldn't be tellin' this now if it wasn't for you and Joe"She could still feel how her already fluttering heart pounded at this, while breathlessly she waited. · . "And I thought that, maybe, tellin' you this, wouiQ keep you from makin' the mistake we made." He pulled his old blue handkerchief out, blew his nose vilently, and puffed meditatively for a while. His voice, when he spoke, had a far-away sound. 'The first time I seen your mother was one night when we was invited to a party at old man Brema's-that was in Penn· sylvania, still. The party was a surprise on his girl, who had just come back from school. They had the biggest place in the litttle cove, and was pretty well fixed, but people them days was always neighborly and at any blow-out the whole neighborhood was asked. The whole family, from the baby to the ?randmother, and the hired hands, too, went. I was a bashful . •lin' feller, but when I -saw that- pretty girl in white, butted right 11 and asked to take her to supper, and hung around all evening. After that, I waited on her steady. I· don't know why she had anything to do with me- she was so little and dainty and lively-like, and all the dudes from the Seminary used to come out to see her. She liked them all, but somehow, when they'd begin to make fun of me, she'd flare up and say-"He's as good as you are, if he's not so stylish!" He had stopped smoking now. "Her folks didn't want her to go with me, much, because she was so much above me. She was a clev.er woman, your mother was." "Well. one night we got married and run off to Ohio. I had borrowed some money, and we got a little farm. But in them early days we didn't have much. We lived away out from town , with the nearest neighbors two miles away. Your mother was a plucky little thing, but it was not life for her, when she was used to so much. She missed her piano, and we didn't have no books--nothin' but the country paper. I was gone a lot, and when I was there, I wasn't the kind of a man ... I �Com•rade ' I for-.her,'l guess. She was too tine for me." His voice had don't fir .like them oth_s quavered again, but with sudden determination, he went ·o n. "But Joe is betier tllan "Before you was born, she took gloomy -$pells, arid would sometime he wants to go hardly talk for weeks at a time. When you come, that settled things I d~nd he's not things for a while. But there was more hard times, and the can understand thiJ'nszs,_....eve:rvl:hin "Yes, Jim, I know he's good, winter you was two years old, you took sick, and we needed money for the doctor. And so we boarded the school-teacher. woman forever, Jim. You'd get He was one of the fellers from the Seminary that your mother forget hini, and· it ·r un't square to "I couldn't forget him, Daddy; used to know in Pennsylvania." His form had grown tenser, and his hands opened and clenched. But he had forced him- such a nice · laug~nd why, . . "I guess- that was abo\it the self to go on. "That seemed to be what she needed-someone who could ~e. Jim. No doubt her f~lks told talk Dickens and Pope and all them. I never had ·time to you now. But she couldn't see it read much. He had a fiddle, too, that he used to play. She you to go off to college this year would be absentminded-like, and sometimes I'd come in and yourself-and Joe. You'll see a find her cryin' over your cradle. I didn't think so much about there more your kind. And rerne:~nt>er it, till one night--" again he choked. treat him !.ike--" "Daddy-don't! " she had cried. · He stopped suddenly. They sat in "I got to, Jimmie. Well, I knowed then she cared more for Those few minutes-. had been an him than she did for me. She was always too good for me, heaved and her ml~d was whirring. anyhow. She was gritty and she said she'd see it o.ut, for ·near''1'11 do it, Daddy, for Joe's sale$:." . there was you. But I said-there was him, too. She said there would be a terrible scandal-for such things was unThe rest seemed confused. · She could common them days--and she would stay for our sake and not cept that she had promised not to write to ruin our lives. But I figured they was pretty well ruined had promised she could come back to hiin, already. It was hard to decide about you. I didn't want to of college, she felt the same. Finally, she take you away from your mother-and yet-I hated to give for they both had their sorrow-a sorrow that you up. So she settled it. She said she'd taken enough from alone. She had run to her room, stumbling me already-she'd leave you, and take what she wanted most. creeping into her bed, she had cried and It wasn't that she didn't want you. I'll never forget that night night. Finally her sobs died down and she she parted from you-but it was me - -" exhaustion. 1(. :to ¥ For a while it had seemed that he could not continue. At length he began more hastily. The gate gave a sudden creak, and the girl "It took a good while to get a divorce--of course, I had to swinging it, realized that she was again blacken myself to do it, but I didn't care then. Afterwards memory of that night. She had gone back two I took you, and come to Kansas--got a claim. It was hard she had re.covered them. All that had been, work, with the droughts and grasshoppers, and lookin' after And now joe-what of Joe? She had heard of you. But I kept on, for I wanted you to grow up. to be a directly and occasionally, for she had kept her fine lady, so's you could meet fine fellers and never marry a had met other boys--and more boys--at . were always coming around. And she had we:IC<)m,ec common plug like your mother did." "Daddy!-dont say that! Your'e the best man in the ·seeking to drown that story of her mother, and the world," she had cried between sobs. joe. She had made many friends, and sometimes one "No, Jimmi~. a man that haint got no education can't be be so absorbing th11t she was sure that she had tor·aot~t..r the same to a woman as these college fellers. He's too rough, some mannerism, some voice that reminded her his, and he don't know what to do to a woman. He's li'ble to denly took her back to the old days, and she knew that get careless-like, and he can't say such nice things as them quickening of her heart, the sudden flooding warmth, was dandies." · A bitter twinge in his voice hurt her, and she Joe! could only put out her hand and say, "Daddy!" again. But she had tried to reason, and these two years "I done my best to raise you like a boy, so's you could see changed her viewpoint. At school she was given li things a man's way. But I didn't notice you was growin' up room-mate, who was specializing in sociology, and so . even after you had been to High school and run guided her reading into serious channels. She had around with. the boys week-ends. I was glad you and Joe had herself changing from the careless, happy school girl to a grown up like brother and sister, for joe's father was my pard student with an analytical mind, weighing everything- she read -the only man who knew- and I wanted you to play with or thought of. She became absorbed in the study of feminism; boys. But somehow I didn't notice you and joe had-had-" of the reasons for the relationship of man and woman. And Her hand tightened on his and the thrill of her pulse filled her basis for concrete application had been herself and Joe. her with something th'lt softened tragedy. As her father had prophesied, she had learned to s~ . things "Well, Jimmie, you know what I mean-and that's why differently. She had . studied all the arguments "fcri and I told you. Joe's a good boy, and all that, but he's something against" Joe. His mind, suited to solving the probl$mS · of like I was--he don't know much, or how to act--or-" everyday life, would never attempt abstract reasoning ( h~ "But, Daddy-he's the best fellow! So big and good." was humorous, patient, honest, kind, and a natural-born gen• · "I know, Jimmie, but that ain't it. You're young now, and tleman; but she would never find in him the wit, subtlety, in a couple of years, you won't think or talk the things Joe reasoning power, and broad interests of the older men of the does. You'll live in a sort of a different world. · He ain't · little circle in which her room-mate moved; indeed, good enough-" were lacking in the average college boy, and how could "But he's as good as I am!" she had stormed. And he's expect- to measuure Joe by such a standard? polite, and does everything for me." And yet, Joe possessed much that the others had not. "But that ain't it, Jim! He says 'ain't,' and his clothes (Continued on Page 33)· �... .In Funny Land The Best of Humor Clipped Here and There to Slaort Dresses "Whilt makes you so late?" of daughter's dresses for the party she's realize that she's quite grown up ~ow." A Nature Study that noise?" asked little James, in the park; you hear," his father said, the dogwood' • bark." why the dogwoods bark," "with such to-do I" father said, " they hear pussy-willows mew." - Cleveland Leader. Self Evident Fact the very dirty tramp al the back door, "can that lost his job three weeks ago and ain't been since?"' a job was it?" asked the lady. in a soap factory." to be seen that you were not discharged for disYork World. How He Helped to assert," said the lecturer, "that there isn't a man in this has ever done anythin\l to prevent the des truction of our man in the back of the hall stood up·. woodpeckers," he said.-Boston Transcript. Foreign Lady in Pharmacy take it mil me." Tlae Noble Weaker Sex The weaker sex Is that portion . Of the human race Who goes down town In zero weather ln a half-masted lace waist And pumps To buy a muffier And woolen socks for her husband So he can go to work. -Arkansas Gazelle. At tbe Colored Cabaret "Mandy, am yoah program full?" "Lawdy, an, Mr. Applewhite, it takes mo' dan two sandwiches an' a cup ob tea to fill mah program."--Longhorn. "Knocked" on Wood "See here, waiter," exclaimed the indignant customer, "here's a p1ece of woOa in my saiMage !" "Yes, sir," replied the waiter, "but I'm sur..-.,r--" "Sure nothing! I don' t mind eating the dog, but I'll be hanged if I'm going to eat the kennd too I" Ruth rode ii. my ne\ cycle-car In the seal in bad: of me; I took a bump at fifty-live And drove on Rutlolessly.-Ex. A Futile bperilloeot William Williams hated nicknames. He used to say that most fine given • ere ruined h abbreviations. which was a sin and a shame. "I he sUd, -~~ one of six brolhers. We were all given good. oldOariatiall - . hu:t all those names were sbortmed into mean- ingless or feeble monosyllables by our friends. I shall name my children so that it ~ill be impracticable to curtail their I names.' The Williams family, in the course of time, was blessed \vith five children, all boys. The eldest was named after the father-William. Of course, that would be shortened to· "Will" or enfeebled o "Willie"-but wait! A second son came and was -christened \Villard. "Aha!" chuckled Mr. Williams. "Now everybody ~II have to speak the full names of each of these boys to distinguish them." In pursuance of this scheme the nex t three sons were named \Vilbert, Wilfred, and · Wilmont. They are all big boys nows. And they are respectively know to their intimates as Bill, Skinny, Butch, Chuck, and i(id.-Cleveland Plain Dealer. Undoubtedly . Miss Wilcox had been giving the class an elementary t~lk on archi tecture. "Now," said she, "can anyone in the ' class tell me what a buttress is?" Little Walter arose, his face beaming with a quick Rash of intelligence. "I know," he shouted, "a buttress is a nanny goat." On Time Roorwalker.- " Hurry out, madam, the store's afi re. Mrs. Bargains.-"Oh, is it? Then I'll just wait for the fire sale.'' Just Works "Is your son engaged in any manual occupation?" "Oh. no; nothing so high-brow as that . He jest works by the day.""Baltimore American." A Fairy Tale Dear liule Maudie awoke about 2 o'clock the other morning, and asked rr.ama to tell her a fairy tale. "It's too late, darlin g," mama replied. "Dada will be in shortly, and he'll tell us both one."- Life. Ended the Good Time. "A general good time w,as .had by all until about eleven o'clock when fruit salad and cake were served by the B. B. E. Club."- Presco tt, Ia., paper When will they leach cooking in the public schools ?-S t. Louis "Globe: Democrat." The Wores Half Still He had to quote Kiplin g to hold his own with this bri ght young lady. So he lightly did so: "As Kipling says, my dear, 'Woman is a rag, a bone, and a hank of hair!" "And man," she smiled sweetly, "is a jag, a drone, and a tank of air." Which served very nicely to change the subj~ct. Disappointing . He gazed into her lovely eyes With some ·concern. A love affair, so you surmise. Read on and learn. He gazed away, but not with bliss, , We heard him wheeze, "'You have astigmatism, miss, Ten dollars, please." - Kansas City Star. Involved Vociferosity "Gentlemen of the jury."' declaimed the allomey for the plaintiff, addressing the twelve Missouri peers who were sitting in judgment and on their respec tive shoulder blades in a damage l>uit against a grasping corporation for killing a cow, "if the train had been running as slow as it should have been ran, if the bell had been rung as it should have been rang, or the whistle had been blowed as it ought to have been blew, none of which was did, the cow would not have been injured when she was killed." " Mark Twain's Prize Joke The New York Bookman says that at a spiritualist demonstration held recently Mark Twain appeared and lictated a short story to a lady. After the dictation of the story was completed the typist remarked, "If1 pretty short for a book."' There came thiS reply: "Did you ever know about my prize joke? One day I went to church heard a missionary sermon, was carried away-to the extent of a hundred dollars. The preacher kept talking. I reduced my ante to 6fty dollars. He tall<ed on. I caii!e down to twenty-five. to len, to 6ve, and afta be bad said al he had in him. I stole a nickel from the basket. Reason for youndves.- �• _,_J Gems ·of CQmment lrom -Current P.erio_~icais Americans J.; not want life in their literature. In real life they hate vestments 'are "capitalis; " :.nd opposed to their the lies- of convention: But in their novels they want a hero I00 per - son Villard, "Atlantic Monthly," ' cent pur~. and he must win out-or the book is a failure.-Abrahain The Bolsheviki are . not and never. have been Cahan, ''Kansan City Star." 1 -in Russia -for four months, · and I never· saw better Since the war began, the- losses of Germany have been an average of six montlis as I saw then.-Col. W. B. Thompson, · more than 1200 men actually killed every day throughout the three years The decisive battle of the war will be fought in of war.-David Starr 1cndan, "The Public." Any hope that Russia will fight again has little : When the 'program now under way is completed, we will have the Arthur Ruhl, "Collier's" largest number of modem destroyers of any nation in the' world~Edwin White women who have born a Child to a black Wildman, "The Forum." _ bear children afterwards to white men, to have It has been estimated that In the period of thirty years between the from the first mate to show an effect on the twenty-fiflh and fifly-fifth year of manhood, one individual will proBartels, "Critic and Guide." duce the prodigious number of 339,385,500,000 spermatozoa.-William The experiments of physiological chemists have 1. Robinson, "Critic and Guide." sized adult can get along on 118 grams of protein, -The diet of the average person in the United St'!teo is obtain_ed from hydrate, and 50 grams of fat a day, which dietary the following sources: 39 percent animal; 31 percent ~creal; 25 per- 3000 calories.-"Medical Record.'' · cent fruits and vegetables; and 5 percent sugar and cond1ments.-Charles In time of 'war, the laboter who lays down his tools 1. Brand, Unit~d Stales Food Bureau, "The Forum." quite like the soldier who throws down hii gun It is the irony of history that the official "pacifism" of Wilson, as well Bruce Mitchell, "The Forum.'' · as the "oppositional pacifism" of Bryan, should be the chief instruments Competent syphil~logists maintain ·that there are for the accomplishment of this task: THE EDUCATION OF THE MASSES syphilis in the United States today.-1ohn -H. Quayle, JO MILITARY IDEALS.- Leon Trotzky, "Class Struggle." Pure communism was the economic and · so~ial gospel No effort was ever made to discover whether the American people and every act and utterance which may --properly be favored conscription. No nation ever made such an effort with the exaffirms it.-Eugene V. Debs , "Social Revolution." ception of Aus tralia, and there it was twice overwhelmil\iiY defeated.Scoll Nearing, "The Call Magazine." This -war th reatens the very essence of the Russian revolution, its democracy. An early peace is, therefore, indispensable for the success of the Russian revolution.- Karl Kautsky, "Oass Struggle." Our working class is distrustful and suspicious of certain cif the labor leaders who have come closest to the governmen t.__:_ordway Tead, "Century." Our F re~ch cathedrals are superior to the English and German ones by the greater sculptural expression displayed in them. The German Gothic is characteristically hard.-August Rodin, "North American Review." In this world strike against autocracy, the German is a scab. As a Socialist, my duty is to help defeat that scab:- Rose -Pastor Stokes, "Century." Statistics show thai four-fifths of the greatest biological, sociological, psychological and physical scientists in the world do not believe in a God.-]. E. Remsberg, "Truth Seeker." After the war, there will be much outspoken atheism and anti-religion _:_H, G. Wells, "London Guide." The American censorship, which should be the faire~ l and best in ex_is!e!Jce;, is actually the worst in exis tence.-Wy the Williams, "New Yo;k T1mes. One million American working men have left their wo rk for shorter or 1- Hendrick, Colher s. . .l.on g~r i_nr.~rv al s on strike during the last six months.-Burton If India is going to cease to be an international. menace, she must obtain her independence, or at leas t, her autonomy, and enter the council of nations as an equai.-Lajpat Rai, _ ''Intercollegiate Socialist." After the war, Hen ry Ford hopes to sell for $250 a tractor that will plow an acre per hour.- 1oseph Brinker, "Collier's." The flesh of lizards, the iguana particularly, is delicious, the flavor resembling that of chicken.-Professor A. M. Reese, "Scientific Monthly." Defects of vision have now been found to be associated with deviations from the normal in the shape of the eyeball, which ought to be a perfect sphere.~Mary Dudderidge, "Scientific American.'' Daylight diplomacy is no more a reality in Washington than it is in Berlin.-Scott Nearing, "The Call Magazine.'' He, who at this hour, wants to discuss the rightfulness or wrongfulness of this war, is an unwise, if not unpatriotic, citizen.-Vice-President Thomas H. Marshall, "The Forum.'' The man who now works for peace, while Germany is unc~nquered, is the worst enemy of peace anli harmony:-'Ineodore Roosevelt, "Kansas City Star." The manes are convinced that the newspapers with heavy capital in- The American plutocracy is magnified, deified and_ coJ~secn•tec task of making the world safe for democracy.-Scotl Magazine." Three percent of the population own all the land values States.-Luke North, "Everyman.'' Throughout the United States today, lhe same historical forces which have welded the thirteen into the nation of the United States of America are weldil}g fragments of the civilized world into t~e United States of 'the Louis Boudin, "Class Struggle.'' -·· Thomas Paine said that every individual is mad once in hours, for were he to act in the day as he dreams at night, he would confined for a lunatic.-W. M. Van der Weyde, "The Trutliseeker." A mea(, potato. and white bread diet is one of the most that can be had.-"Wha t to Eat." In India, more than one-fourth of the revenues are spent for niiliiary purposes and less than one-twentieth on education.--Lajpat Rai, "lntercollgiate Soci~list." • We must be prapared to expect the day when the Englishman and the American can no longer freely converse, each speaking ·his native tongue. -C. Jefferson Weber, "North American Review.'' Spaniards desire to remain neutral in the Great War because the majority of them are Germanophiles, or, rather, because they are thorough enemies of England and France as well as the United States.-T. H. Pardo De Tavera, ;·century." 2,867 colored men have been lynched and burned and tortured duripg the last thirty years. -Dr. W. E. B. DuBois, "Intercollegiate Socialiat." , The Swedish are blaming America for the ir food shortage; they think our altruistic talk is only a hypocritical method of starving them into the war.-Arthur Ruhl, "Collier's' The Russian democracy showed Woodrow · Wilson and other' Allied statesmen how much better it 'is to talk democracy into a nation than to shoot it into a people.:-Louis P. Lochner, "People's Council Bulletin." I am surprised to hear the same people assure me thai compulaoey- · religion, such as required attendance at college chapel, is the foe 'to the spirit, but that compulsory -military servic!' is the sure and sufficient guarantee of patriotism, unselfishness and what not.-Norman M. Thomas,' "Intercollegiate Socialist." The plain people of ·all the warring countriea were always this war.--Robell La Follette, "La Follete'a Magazine.'' ( �: -.Louisiana-ing By Robert the January-February Western Comrade) . w~ll described it when he saia the traveling could all be seen in any valley great deserts. What struck nie was the Far, far away mt:'Uiljtains shimmered in beltwE~en lay miles upon miles of level sage. s1des, these vast valleys of 50 and I 00 like floors of gray. The play of light ·ever and anon, made these solitudes pGssessing a wierdness awesome ~n mag~ · at Amboy. This place is remarkable. Not a not a drop of water, save that which was or so. The most i'mpressive thing about Amof the rock. I made a quick inspection make ·beds. There were 700,000 acres iri this I 1am :satisfied I picked the hardest spot of all. ·and Kenney dispute this. Enoc Irwin evidently the hardest for himself, and probably got a mpund slag, as he inquired long before of Dr. Jewett if had anything good for bedsores. . must raise coyotes around Amboy. It seemed as had come down from the distant mountain to welcome. A blood-curdling yell broke the pulsating out of the blackness came wails, yells, groans and . I am convinced that one of them came within three of my ear and yelled, although Babb said it ~as ~ru~l · them. I know it was a coyote, for Bruel s voice IS and deeper. · in the evening we were entertained by a traveling said he had just been to Stables, Louisiana, and the land well. He said the finest watermelons grew there, to mention the sweet potatoes and other vegetables. He enthusiastic, and when he left, the delicious memory described edibles, mingled with Enoc's stew and our bologna, tore us between conflicting emotions. We left Amboy early in the· morning and traveled over roads composed of volcanic :slag and granite. Our cars would stretch apart like rubber string, come together again, and repeat the process. The even hum of the motors made us all feel secure and confident. We offered up thanks that Henry . Ford's mechanical mind made it possible to penetrate wilds such as this. , We then· thought of the early pioneers who trod these trackless wastes, inspired and led on by the lure of gold. In · retrospect, we lived their lives and braved their perils and suffered their hardships. We thought of tQ_e long, long days, and cold, comfortless nights, and we dreamed ·with them their dreams of a roseate future when their journey's end was reach·ed. We looked into haggard faces and· saw gaunt forms wearily trudging beside the o:x:en or the mules and we saw them lie down never to rise. The ruminating mystery of these great stretches of hopeless and ·appalling solitudes mulls over tlie tragedies of countless hundreds who dared the forbidden wastes and the white bones of caravans are silently lying beneath shifting sands and gone down to the "tongueless silence of the dreamless dust," their dreams bt!t memories in the heavens, which at times comes out of the heights and stirs the ' hopes again 'of a new age. ' Marvelous was the energy and strong was the purpose that animated these trail~breakers who wended their way toward the setting sun. Their paths still wind but today the saucy little · car travels· these terror-stricken spaces wilh ease and safety. JC. WiII i a m·s·· \ • . . . ' Toward evening we arrived .in a hilly country. We climbed for several hours, and as w~ descended, the gloom of njglit deepened. Imagine our delight when about 9 o'clock we beheld a cheerfu1 fire! With a chorus of yells, we greeted' the crowd around the bla~e. and were immediately asked to join them. After eating supper, Fred Allen got out his violin' and began playing. An iinpromptu concert was given our st~anger · friends, and after the vocal and string efforts were over, we conversed over the camp fire. The strangers said that they wete mus~cians from Globe on their way to .Los Angeles, where · they hoped to find work in a cabaret. They said that bu·si~ ness in Globe was slack, that a musician led a dog's life there. There was one young man, handsome as a picture, enwra~ ped in music. He had a very lovely young wife ·who was enwrapped in him and together they were much enwrapped rand happy. At least she said so. She said more nice things about Harry than I ever heard any woman· say. She would say: "Now Harry, you are the best pianist in · Globe, aren't you, Harry?" Harry would say he supposed he was but that there might be others. "No, no," she would.say, "You are the best musician in the world," and patting his cheek with her dirty, little, symmetrical hand, she made a picture to.o nice for words in the flickering light of the camp fire. Harry, of course, finally succumbed and laid down on a pile of blankets at her feet. She leaned over toward me and said that Harry was really the best musician in Globe. When she saw that I was impressed, also John Suhre, who was in a receptive mood be~ side me, she gave· us much domestic news. She said they left Globe with $30 in their pockets and were hoping to work their . way to Los Angeles. Then, seeing that John and I were in~ tensely interested, she began to give us an organ recital. She had been to a hospital where several doctors had toyed with this organ till now she didn't have an organ that was worth a "darn." They had all been meddled with and nicked here and there, so that she had the funniest feeling in the chest and thought she might ha.ve consumption. And finding out that we had doctors with us, asked: "Do you think I have consumption'?" Looking at her plump, rosy face, and perfectly delightful profile, we didn't have the hardihood or cruelty to confirm her suspicions. I was tender hearted and allowed John to answer. John, ever dealing .with concrete things, he being a plasterer by trade, said: "Why, lady, you haven't the remotest· sign of consumption." John couldn't see her any better than I, yet he spoke right up and gave her assurance. It made her feel · much better. She then told us that in addition to a distressing organ, some of her bones were ·misplaced ~nd she asked us what we thought was the ·cause of the .Qig lump on the back of her neck. I was going to pass this by without an explana~ tion when Suhre blurted out a lot of gratuitous information about me being the finest bone doctor in the country. In fact. he said, I was a much better bone doctor than Harry was a musician, and if she wanted to know anything about bones she was to ask me. John always did like me and I thanked him and turned toward this young lady, for she was charming and lisped enough to make her seem younger than she was. So we gave her a learned dissertation on bones, winding up with the information that, contrary to anatomy, it was discov~ ered that there was but one bone in the heads of ninety per cent of the people. She was surprised at this and then the conversation became general. · The people who had not entered the conversation began to tell of miracles of bonesetters and the rapid recovery of many (>C1)ple. Then gila-monsters, centipedes, tarantulas. scorpions, �Comr~de p~gs, reptiles, ·and eveiy known poisonous insect and serpent extremely thirsty/ I chewed a portion of the came in for discussion. .Enoc said for us not to be worried as now can taste· it. We ate breakfast and only blunt-headed reptiles were pois~nous and ~e could easily that we couldn't see it-Enoc and Monahan distinguish the djfference. Babb and Jess Morris ta:king the other, both We left our good friends and rolled into bed with a feeling Phoenix. that Enoc's information about blunt-headed reptiles wasn't On the way, Babb had me snap a · pictl,lre very consoling. Someone suggested putting a rope around our leaned his sturdy hand on one of those cacti _beds as no self-respecting snake would cross a ro~ because · a fake picture. · He protected/ his hand'- with the fuzz on the rope would tickle his stomach. This seemed brush twigs-no-man with impunity can fondle · · foolish to us but we kinked up a rope and encircled our beds. thorny vegetable_s. We camped at Buckeye and arrived at Phoe1ni'l,·l A small-rock came rolling down and made me open my ·eyes, and by the flickering camp fire queer shadows wer~ thrown on · At the Ford agency we found Enoc and Monahan. the rock beside me: Someone had carelessly thrown a bed- car was in distress and it ·was reported he would rope on that rock. That fool rope curled around and twisted one o'clock. After replacing a truss rod which had been ~nd swayed under the wavering light more than any snake you ever saw. I would close my eyes and then open them violent wrenching of the car, we felt free to quickly, but still the rope kept moving. Being unable to stand town. We found a delightful, up-to-date city of was bustling with people. . • the eerie sight, I -got up and moved the rope. Leaving Phoenix late, the afternoon .quickly At this moment someone was in the midst of choking to death. He would take in great gobs of air, saw it awhile in of alfalfa were passed and great irrigation his sawmill arrangement, and then blow it out of an exhaust . Droves of cattle on the roads held us up while entirely too small. The noise was ferocious but prorecting. filled fields. Cottonwood trees lined the roads It is a good thing the concert continued in our camp, for not showed signs of prosperity. . After traveling hundreds through wastes of sage and mountain country, the bit one of us was bitten or disturbed by any sort of animal. In the strangers' camp, however, where they had no such and water and trees thoroughly rested the soul: We halted for the night at Chandler. After a· protection, a bug, ambling about in the dark, discovered our little friend of the nice complexion and disarranged bones, mulligan stew, Fred Allen got his violin and soon and crawled into her ear. With a scream that shook the shad- air was pulsating with strains of Llano's old h111nr•h•~ ows of the canyon, she jumped up and raced to John Van struck up "Shadowland" which seemed so ,.n,unnri..t.. Nuland, who was making the breakfast fire. Every man jack joined in and made the night musical. Camp was broken early and w·e struck a of us raised up on our elbows and gave advice. John grasped her firmly and held her ear toward the fire, hoping the bug nine o'clock we came to Ag!Ja Fria, river. A problem would come out. Then Enoc came along and said that was fronted us. Evidences of struggle showed all about the no way to do, but to get coal oil. T caring the young lady ing. The river was 100 feet wide, swift and _cold, as from Van's strong arms, he nursed her for a while and dir- would indicate. An Indian, with his family; was on ected John to call the doctor and get some oil. Dr. Jewett posite side, pulling and tugging at his wagon which wa-S suggested sweet oil and warm water. With one shoe on, the buried in the sand and water. We all got out at the top of the descent and started young woman's husband appeared and assisted in holding her. The bug still refused to come out. He wasn't hurt ing much, on his plunge. He struck the water with a splash, and but messing around in the center of her head and making all ahead, water shooting up on either side of the car as sorts of noises. She cried and kept saying the bug was killing geiser. Midway he sank into a hole, the engine coughed her. Enoc insisted that she would live, and continued to fool matically a time or two and then died. The prospect of taking a bath in that cold water:. with her ear. John Van Nuland noisily fell over rocks trying to find oil, and Anton Van Nuland spilled the water ~e was gooseflesh to rise on us. Hewever, there was nothing to attempting to warm. Finally, through 'Enoc's mechanical skill, but to wade in and help him out. We pushed and pulled, to the bug was removed. And really the bug was a big one, al- no purpose, while the water was chilling us to the bone. . · Finally the Indian was induced to pull us out on promise most as big as a pea. To have left that bug in her head would help him. By this time.jess drove up and De Boer, Allen have disturbed her for a long time. At Needles, we bought oil, gas and tires, and filled up with Ginsberg aided materially. Soon -we ·had the Indian o~e-r -""'ater. Enoc had been having amazing luck with his tires. he went on his way happily. Jess got over without -mishap. _ · So to fortify himself against future trouble, he bought two We helped several cars across. We soon saw that if we didn't hurry our job would be a new tires, puting one on and reserving the other. We rolled out of the picturesque town and started over serpentine roads continuous one. Putting on our shoes, we rushed away toon the crest of a draw, Enoc leading, making fast time. We wards Tucson, arriving there at 4:20 in the afternoon; The ~inth day from Llano, Nov. 24th, saw us on our Way suddenly stopped- the new tire blew out!!! I never knew the inefficacy of the English language before. He repeated the to Demmg. We passed through a vast grazing country. •The words over and over again. It was astonishing to note his roads we.re excellent. Rodeo, N. M., was reached early in limitaton. However, with all his handicap he got the tire off ~he ~ormng.. Here we saw the first saloon since leaving Cal- · 1forma. Wh1skey was $3 a pint which was not conducive to and a new one on. . Much of the country we passed through contained mines. copius consumption. Rodeo is an ancient lookin·g place. We saw evidences of prospecting here and there, and a good many a?obe buildings gave it an aged appearance. The day sized mining village some twelve miles west of Wendon, where was delightful and the country beautiful. Hills rounded and we camped. The country is barren of anything green, save covered with dry grass gave the appearance' of an ocean. the giant cactus, towering twenty and forty feet in the air. There was not much variety to the scener-y. The roads were :1 I've often heard how the faint and wearied traveler, -stagger- good and we rolled in Deming, N. M., after dusk. We went ing up to this life-saving plant and gashing a hole in its thorny to the Ford agency and inq~ired for the others; they had.not hide, thrust his face in it and revived under the influence of appeared, but -as we were talking, Enoc drove in. After hia the gushing waters. I tried it and recommend it only to the (Continued on Page 36) The �-- -- . ..... Mad! By Job Harriman American Review" is the champion of autoAmerica: and his staff possess all the instincts of knowing Llte source of their thoughts. but not scholars. With the rqost brilliant Ian-. persuade themselves that they are students of the as a matter of fact, they are only uncovering the ae1oaLrcnen•,~ of their own minds. no understanding of the processes at work in but finendishly cry for the wholesale murd~r of their blind and vicious impulses. to war to make the world safe for democracy, in the long catalog of immoral and wanton wars the page of history, there would be no war more more wanton than this. We are NOT FIGHTING THE WORLD SAF£ FOR DEMOCRACY, BUT THE WORLD SAFE FOR US." wickedness of the German people is in their blood; it and poison of their blood that have made the people a nation of savages. You can no more separate government from the German people than you te the bite of a mad dog from his blood." "IT IS OUR DUfY TO KiLL GERMANS." . · "Lenine and T rotzky looted the government;" "Lenine and T rotzky are Hunish puppets;" "International Socialists are the predestined betrayers of nations." All this and more in face of the fact .t hat this mosnerrible of _all wars broke out between the capitalist governments of the world, while · the international Socialists were crying peace to ·all the people of the ~orld! The Socialists are now chant. ing the songs of brotherhood. They are calling to the working men and soldiers to retreat, while crowns· fall and thrones decay. They see the downfall and dissolution of capitalist · governments and the rise of a world parliament. They are leading in the formation of a new world federation. They see the world of capitalism dissolving and a new image of brother-, hood forming on the panoramic screen of nations. They see that the sword and · the spear must be beaten into plowshares and pruning hooks. They see that the literal fuifi"llment of the vision must be; that implements of war must be converted into agricultural implements, or the people will starve. They see that Lenine and T rotzky are but the voices of millions crying in a world wilderness. The see the wiping out of national debts;. the fall of colossal fortunes; thet passing away of ambition, tyranny and greed; the coming of peace and plenty for those who work. If this be the betrayal of nations, THEN BLESSED BE. HE WHO BETRAYS! Pierre By Paul Eldridge IERRE was the scap~-goat of R--. in the south of their heads, and lament,- "And Pierre still here!" Wherever Pierre walked, wherever he sat, a crowd was about F ranee, for every town, particularly small ones, must have scape-goats. People, like tiny godlets, will have him, laughing at him, nodding their heads in sorrow and pity, one to mock, to laugh OYler, to sermonize about, to spit turning their faces in disgust. The people never tired of this, And Pierre was a fine specimen: He was a hunchback, and Pierre like some hideous Chinese divinity, heard and saw an1g~;eu one leg after him as though it had been a strange and was silent. Only the pregnant women would shun him attached to his body, and ms face was pockmarked. and hide their faces at his sight, and talk of a hundred inhis life depended upon their charity. From day to coherent things, that they might not conceive a child resemday, the people of R-- could say, "Pierre shall continue to bling him. War was declared, and all the men of R-- that could live tomorrow, or he shall die!" With the quick cynicism of one who has seen the depths of the hearts of men, Pierre uq- bear arms or be of service to . the government, were called · derstood, and thought: "Let them feed me. · They need me." away. The town became still, save for the sudden piercing And he never attempted to do the slightest labor. Like some cry of some woman who had received evil news, or the stifled animated and. mutilated sphinx, he looked upon the world, ex- sobbings of old men who hid their bearded faces on their : chests. Pierre saw arid und~rstood, and he thought, "They pecting her scorn as well as her tribute. Pierre had no definite age. He lived, one might say, in etern- shall feed me. They need me! " · And he was fed, and the ity. Everybody at R-- seemed to have -always known him. eyes of the women were more tender as they looked at him; In prehistoric days, he might · have been considered the for, they thought, "Who knows what they have done to mine," founder, the patron-saint, of the town. Even now, there was or, "If mine should come back at least this way." Every month the crippled returned to R- -, hideous remsomething like a sub-conscious awe about his presence. Pierre had achieved the pinnacle of fame . He could boast nants, faceless, legless, armless, blind, deaf, insane. It seemed were he a gentle poet<!5ter or a pompous politician, that never the earth was getting peopled with monstrous beings. And a minute passed in the town of R- - but his name was pro- Pierre was becoming indistinct in this new humanity. No one nounced, and his personality discussed. Mothers would threat- would dare mention his name as a warning, as a rebuke, as a en their little children, "If you don't stop crying, Pierre shall jest, while always was staring the multitude of mutilated ones. The town became accustomed to the new mankind, and eat you!' And immediately the children would hush, while their bodies continued to convulse in dumb protest. The .older learned to laugh again. And those who were still able to children were threatened with Pierre's leg, or Pierre's face, if work, re-taught themselves their trades, or learned new ones they would not study, and the greatest laggard would not which suited their present bodies. The people forgot Pi·erre. He wandered about as a stranger. hazard such a challenge. To emphasize their lover's beauty, the young women would say, "Look at my own Pierre!" And He who was accustomed to receive the tribute of food and :would -laugh, and the lovers would exult in their vanity. clothes upon stretching out his hand, now implored in vain. Wheqever any citizen would die in his youth, all would shake {Continued on Page 37) all �The W e stern - Comrad e .. . Page ninereen The Vice of Eati-ng Meat By Emil Edward _Kusel W HEN on; evolves to the plane of humanitarianism of Adam. This pharisaical element advise better people than (t1ot faddism, not crankism, not cynicism, not extern- themselves (the infidel, the atheist, the' agnostic) · to come to ism, if you please, but HUMANITAR~ANISM) the one the Nazarene and "get saved!" The very fact that their awful defect in Nature's handiwork tHat can be seen is His anthropomorphic .god has no feeling for his creatures proves masterpiece, man. When viewed from the heights man is only to a nyone but a· ~yp0rcite that there is no LOVE, no HUabove. ·the beast in craft, graft, theology, science and art. MANITY, no TRUTH in their religion. It is an utter impossibility to find a human beina who can Ma n is verily an insignificant false alarm, so to spea k, when it comes to spiritua l things. With all his ad vancement, fully . conscientiously contend iti favor of slaying animal:- he may re~lizing tha t spiritua lity is dependen t upon clean ha!lds, d-:an "~ruff" to please his lower nature, but he canno; pull the heart a nd clen 'l conscience, he has wrongfully retained the blmds over the eyes of conscience to satisfy a perverted pala te. selfish idea that nothin!J has its place in the world save ft,r He full well knows that pain, s~,tffering and death inAicted him to utilize and tha t he has a right to demolish whatever he. upon a brother creature is not a part of man's evolution to desire; . Ma n, the intcEectual masterpiece, professing to ha ve a higher life . He may ask for what purpose were they erea God. heartlessly destroys all lower ·sentient life, contending a'ted, but the thought of his own purpose in life will answer . . that the economy of Nature and civilization necessitates man's .the question. inh umanity. · The adherents of Christian .Science, · Roman Catholicism, After hav ing seen·. the wounding of wild and domestic ani- Judaism, Protestantism, Theosophy, Spiritualism, N ew ma ls and birds, a nd their subsequent suffering, fear a trd plead- Thought, Esoteric Christianity a nd all other so-called relia ions ing, one can rightly estimate the small calibre of the religionist scientific religions, or religiqus sciences, are minus the"' ver; standing behind his Bible telling of the essence of God principle, from the very fa ct that they do not consider saving power of his imagina ry Sav~ the lower life-loving creatures under iour when he (this deity) sta nds in the background with no mercy to protect BUTCHERY is positive evidenc.e . God's mercy. All these religionists · a re fraudulent. a11 innocent dumb crea ture from the of man's depravi ty, b ecause tl brutality of a host o f bloodthirsty, enYou will find may individuals who proves beyond question the mprofess to be inveterate readers -a nd lightened and civilized humans, or the cruelty of one beast preying upon the humanity of the hl\ma n family. All scient.ific students confronting the Vegother. etaria n with the appa rent loophole that Slaying a sentient sensitive crea;ure killing causes ho!·ror and suffe ring vegetation has life when they posfo r food, like the slaying of the inand could not possibly be allowable itively know there is a vast difference tel ligent seal for furs, or the heron fo r in the sight of a humane Creator. between cellula r life and sentient life; a igrettes. or the death penalty in re- . they know of no d iscovery that vegc- . paration for human murder, or the The poor dumb brute we slaughter tat ion has a nervous system ; they cruel steel-tra pping of wild animals, or is hell?less to .de fend itself, and man know the pla nt life does not move the inhuman pastime of b ull-fighting or about, no r quiver, nor shriek, nor takes its rfe-blood and feeds upo n - h pain w hen b roken from the groan wtt vivisection in a n form is ethically and esthettca )y indefensible, because conit s carcass. body, a nd they know the line should science aliows no man a lic.e nse to inbe dra wn at the destruction of life -.- · jure, or to _kill and d evour a sentient, wherever such an act is repellant . to Conscience higher self, a nd they know the animal life - loving creature. p rompts ns to live acco rding to the Golden Rule, thereby unlike. the plan't, would defend itself were it not powerless treating every creature as we ourselves want to be treated . while under the dominion of the human cawivora. When·Conscience will not a llow a n honest ma·n to hold to the pa- ever ·mankind· upholds slaughter by compa ring anima l life ~ith ganistic piffle contained throughout the scriptures, nor will · cellula r pla nt life, -owing to the fact tha t both require air a nd conscience allow a n honest ma n to respect the so-called re- · wa ter, rest assured that .that ma n· relishes Aesh food and his ligion-o f the llesh-eating Bible-believer. As the Rev. Porteous lower nature, like the lower na ture of the ca rnivorous religionha:; silid : "Unlr ~ f- W<' a .-e as hypocrites we had better give up ist, is controlled through a perve rted (in!lUma n) pala te, thus our foolish talk a nd Christian prayers about gentleness and accounting for his selfish, unscientific hypothesis. love whi1e we lay hlood-3lained ha nds a tid ra venous lips upon For the high principle o f ethical vegeta rianism there should God 's; creatu res." · be no stone left unturned; there should be a veri table Wa terButchery is positive evidence of ma n's depravity, because loo against old-time carn ivorous piety, a nd every ma n should it proves beyond question the inhumanity of the human fam- have the courage . of his convictions in all advanced thought ily. · All kill ing causes horror a nd suffering and could not pos- movements. Eve ry individual should p rove himself an insibly be allowable in the sight of a humane Creator. The dispensable wa rrior in this great a nd noble cause, and yet poor dumb brute we slaughter is helpless to defend itself, and the Huma nita ria n should recognize a ll men according to their man takes its life-blood a nd feeds upon its ca rcass. intelligence and moral development, a nd consider that each The butcher cuts the throat of the lamb (wha t horrible in- individual is as he is because he cannot or will not qe otherhumanity) a nd delivers its little body to the cafeterias of the wise at this time ( a tempora ry ·condition-. With a few appliBib!e Institute, the Y. M. C. A., the Trinity Church and the cation o f TH.UTH , the uninformed, deluded masses ( slow of Y. W. C. A., a nd every hallucinated pharisee .connected with growth) . will eventually evol ve but of external religion to a these Babylonian institutions devours a portion of these ca r- sublime heretodox philosophy tha t shall stand the test of c·asses as · a vulture would devour carrion. And then, after REASON. paving the way tq the grandest, noblest and most having committed their cannibalistic inhumanity, they have the beautiful life upon earth 'as well as hypothetically beyond the effrontery to prate about the works of the devil and the sin grave. �Co-operati9n .and Efficie~cy Assu·r e I . t .r Children in their morn in ~ calisthenics. This is the the school day and begins at 8:45. f1r.sl ~ order of Anothe; v~ew of the same children. These exercises are g1ven by an expe_rienccd physical' director. O~e of the small houses which came with the purchase of the Llano Plantation used for temporary housing. ·, •::; ~~o~: 300x 130 feet shed is b< There is another sh· �uccess Looking across some of the newly tumed ground where the men are clearing for this year's crops. 'ing remodeled for industrial uses. cd almost as large. One of the placid creeks ncar Stables. This 1s on the edge of the Llano Plantation Another little cabin. There a re perhaps fifty o;· sixty of about this type. New temporary hou •es are now being built. i The foreground shows a platform which extended from the old sawmill to a shed. There are many such platforms . ......... _. ______ . One of the great lumber sheds which .has been dismantled and the lumber used for other construction. �Page twenty-two The Western Comrade Are Socialists .Anarchists?~ D By Alanson ID YOU favor the war? If not, you are an anarchist, no matter what political creed you profess to follow. At least, that is what we Socialists are told during these troublesome tiines. It is said that true Socialism presupposes the . right of majority rule, and that if the Socialists oppose tllli war and refuse to take part in it, they are not Socialists, but anarchists. · It is amued in this criticism, f;ro;t, ~hat the American people clamored for this v:ar ; and ~econd, that only declared -anarchists lwve the ri3ht to prot est <.: g<J imt the misru.Je of t~1e majority. Let us investigate. What is anarchy? Anarchy is that philosophy that consists of a disrespect for law- law which places the preservation of the State paramount to the prese rvation of the indi'vidual, and. of an opposition to centraliza ti01i of government control. The ideal of the most radica l school of anarchy is the absence of compul. so ry law, a nd, in th~ case of collective effort, the substitution of voluntary association. The ideal of the Socialist is the existing system of government of .representa tive control, shorn of many of its archa ically cumbersome and undemocratic appendages. In addition , he would utilize the same system-with essential alterat·ions- in the realm of industry. The Socialist sympathizes with the idyllic dreams of the a narchist but realizes that a system of law must be continued many ge nerations yet in order to obviate industrial and politica l chaos and indecision. Again, although believing that minorities are entitled to a much fairer representation in the councils of government that they now possess, the Socialist heartily concurs in the elements of majority rule. However, the Socialist is no crank on the subject of state management, per se. He believ·es jn government operation a nd control, only in so fa r as it promotes the happiness of the greatest number and safeguards the liberties of men. Socialism has enlisted the forces of progress on the side of the State, a nd the rigo rs of war are completing what the ir.evitability of industrial evolution and the ceaseless agitation of the Socialists, began, The Socialist is fundamentally as individualistic as the philosophical anarchist, but he believes that only by public ownership of the government and industry can im environment be so arranged whereby every person may be en. abled rationally and naturally to express his individuality. So when the state ()rrogates to itself the prerogative of telling men. and women what to eat and drink, and, far more importa;J t, what opinions to profess and express, the Socialist is not contradicting his philosophy by registerii1g vigorous public disapproval. Says Woodrow Wilson: "We have forgotten the very principle of our origin. if we have forgotten how to object, how to resist, how to agita te, how to pull down and build up, even to the extent of revolutionary practices, if it be necessa ry to readjust mallen;." (School Review, Vol. 7, p. 604). The So(;ialist also recognizes the fact that were it not for the rebel and the right of the people to kick and protest, society must of necessity become stagnant. The church for ceniuries tried to stamp out the freedom of the individual, and thousands of cases of rebellion and martyrdom were necessary in order that the world might be made free for expression. And among the most revered and venerated men whose names now gleam in the galaxy of the immortals, are those wh~ fought and suffere-d for that principle. Sessions At the present moment, it is not the church, but the STATE, whose tyranny threaten.s to destroy individuality and progress. The church used dogma; the State uses modern militarism. To ~coff at the methods of the church was to be burnt at the stake; to · scoff at the methods of the State is to invite more humane treatment-to be shot. Bertrand Russ·ell, unquestionably the clearest thinker on ·social problems in. the world today, says that the ·"state" in an autocracy or in a "democracy" is not an impersonal institution .as many sincere but deluded people suppose. Certain eiderly gentlemen, of "ripe" judgment, are in control, whether elected or appointed. Nearly all of these men are below the average level of the community, says Russell, as the habit of power tends to make men autocratic and tyrannous, and, as a rule, this power is secured by .means not wholly creditable. As James Bryce pointed out in his excellent and popular work on "The American Commonwealth," the most valuable and greatest men in our republic have not held · the· political offices. These gentlemen-elderly and mature- naturally do not view wa r as it is viewt>d by thos~ who do the fighting. The pugnacious instinct, asserts Russ~ll. is by no means extinct in our great statesmen. It crops out frequently; although it is invariably clothed in such lofty phraseology as a "fight for right" or "to make the world safe for Democracy." Continues Russell: "Victory is always highly desired by those who share the least burdens and who receive the most glory. And these are always the s1atesmen and the generals. It is largely for these reasons that the people who hand themselves over to the unlimited control of the State are directing their power toward ends more bloodthirsty than they would , otherwise have chosen themselves." Socialists realize this. And it is one of the more impor_tant reasons why they are demanding- not inconsistently- the right of the individual to judge for himself whether he will engage in destruction "at the command of men less humane than himself, or whether he will preserve inviolate the claim that a man's own estimate of right and wrong should be the ultimate arbiter of his own conduct." Socialists favor democracy in government and in industry. Is conscription, in its present form, democratic? Is it the will of the majority? Do a majority of the people want il? Does conscription-which is and must be arbitrary and compulsory.,-contain the elements of majority decision? Docs the fact ihat at the time all the men in our country were asked to register for military service- does the fact th at four: out of every five claim exemption prove that conscription was de- .. sired? If not, were Socialists inconsistent in opposing . conscription? Has conscription been submitted to referendum vote? Have the common people expressed a desire thnt ou ;· officials shall take the reigns in their own hnnds and drive the cha riot of milita rism in any direction they wish? Another thing : As only those between the nges of 2 1 ana 31 were affected by the draft law, is it democca;:c to aiiow others to decide whether those affected shall be compelled to serve in the war? Was the war democratically declared? Says Max Eastman: "The entrance of the United States into the European War was not decided by ma jority rule. The people in this country have felt secure in their geographical location, a nd, divided in their r.eminiscent patriotisms, have abhorred the idea of carrying war into Europe. So universal was this abhorrence tha t every tradition and prediction of political history was overthrown last fall, and WOODROW WILSON ELECTED TO THE WHITE HOUSE AS A PEACE �-"' I ~ The w~.tun. J ~; f The official o~".m ·of the Navy i...easu~. "The Seve~ Seas ISM, ROOSEVELTISM, AND WALL· SIREET UNITED IN Magazine," a ma_gazine read and' maintained by those. who PRESIDENT IN 1HE FACE OF STALWART-REPUBuCAN- · SOUD COMPACT TO BEAT HIM;" The universar Wilson slogan--the one which elected Woodrow Wilson, was, "HE KEPT US OUT OF WAR" President Wilson, failing to secure a volunteer army of 500,000, forced on Congress the principle of the draft.. Is lt not a historical fact that when this principle of military service was adopted within the boundaries of the· United States, and for the very defense of the Union, and by ABRAHAM LINCOLN, it was met with violent resistance? And in l'he present war, has the principle of the draft not been forced on the people for a war of offense, to be fought entirely on the continent of Europe and on the high seas? In the light of these facts, is the Socialist undergoing an allarchist conversion because he strenuously objects to what he believes constitutes a violation of his elementary liberties? President Wilson uttered the following in an address a year ago, which was reported in the "New York World": "It has been our pride and our boast that, unlike the monarchies of the old world, our government has never been compelled to resort to a -conscription of its citizens or the employment of foreign mercenaries. It is an hereditary, and, therefore, HONORED TRADITION OF THE ANGLO-SAXON RACE THAT EXEMPTION FROM EXTORTED MILITARY SERVICE IS ONE OF THE PECULIAR PRIVILEGES OF FREEMEN." Socialists agree with Wilson, yet they have not revolted. In 1916, President Wilson said: "This war was brought on by rulers, not by peoples, and I THANK GOD THERE IS NO MAN IN AMERICA WHO HAS THE AUTHORITY TO BRING ON WAR WITHOUT THE ABSOLUTE CONSENT OF THE PEOPLE." Socialists are asking, with Art Young, this question: Is ONE capitalist government or country so much worse than other capitalist countries that the laboring classes and Socialists must join with the capitalists to defeat that one? Socialists find it difficult to believe that the entrance of the United States into the European war is the most efficient way of abolishing Prussian autocracy. It has been said that every American pacifist is worth a whole company of American soldiers in France. The supporters of this theory offer the following argument: "There is a pacifist force in Germany, which, once or twice, has come close to compelling a German peace without victory. "The one weapon which the German autocrat holds against this force is the cry that Germany's enemies seek her destruction. The one weapon which the German pacifist holds against the autocrat is the realization that liberal forces in enemy countries will not permit her destruction. If the German people know they can have a peace without victory, they will not fight another week. If they believe that it is "victory o~ annihilation" they will fight like a beast to the death. "The Allied 'peace'--(erms' of laslt winter, combined with the Lloyd George 'knock-out' interview, did more to re-rally the German people than all of Hindenburg's victories. "The German autocrat desires nothing so much as the power to convince the German people of the 'annihilation' bugaboo. An aggressive United States might give aid and comfort to him. He fears nothing so much as the knowledge on the part of the German people that forces across the sea will unite with them in demanding a reasonable peace. A liberal America robs him of his chief weapon. "If the German pacifists can know that their fight for international understanding is not hopeless, they will detach all liberal Germany from the support of the autocrats. "Thus the pacifist concludes that the American Socialist or pacifist is a howitzer shell fired against German autocracy." fathered the preparedness mov~ent, by specia,l privilege, printed this statement shortly before the war was declared: "While the. United States is in no danger of be- ~· coming a militaris.tic nation like Germanr, sliD· aD execelle(lt '....;.. leaon can be taken from her.,. While her policies are to be .de· plored, HER METHODS ARE TO BE COMMENDED. niE FACT REMAINS THAT ·woRLD-EMPIRE. AND THE \ t\VAILABILITY OF MARKETS THE WORLD OVER, MUS'{ · .. BE THE GOAL OF THE UNITED STATES." . . Achille Loria, the ltali~n economist, shows that since ancient . history, of the 286 most prominent wars that have been ·"' · fought, 258 of them w:ere attributed to the common desire for 1 trade monopolies. f Ceneral Ulysses S. Grant asserted in emphatic and indignant ! language that Mexico, in 1848, was grossly ·mistreated by the ! 1· United States, and that that miserable war was started by the \ · cupidity of Southern property holders. Many of the most respectable citizens of our <:ountry--dis· claiming any socialist connections whatever--declare that the Spanish-American war was the culmination of the trade-desires of a handful of powerful men. In the light of these revelations, must we term the socialists undesirable citizens when they inquire why those interested in world trade opposed Wilson's peace . policy and forced the country into the war? The charge that Socialists who disapprove the war p<)licy of our government are pro-German is fatuous. Socialists are • anti-capitalistic and anti-nati'onal. They oppose autocracy everywhere-in any form in which it may exist. They_oppose it in Germany as. they oppose it in every other country. Tite · _ accusation that the majority socialists are tools of enemy gov• ernments is ridiculously false and stupid. . We hear a lot these days about the Germanization of the Socialist party, and, as a matter of fact, most of this talk is a result of our strained relations with the Kaiser. It is to b~ expected, and we Socialists have expected it. John Spargo rants very amusingly about the Germanization of the Socialist party. But his prejudice is ~asily explai'ned by his ineradicable Anglicization. In other words, Mr. Spargo has not been thoroughly Americanized. While the father of scientific socialism-Karl Marx-was a German, and while his theories were very materially influenced by the German.. philosophers, Hegel and Kant, he nevertheless . was no German patriot. Marx spent several years in prison for his furious opposition to the policies of the German 1~­ perialistic government. His famous work "Das Kapital," was written and the data for that famous work was largely gat~ ~­ ed from British libraries and authorities. It is interesting to note that so bitter was Marx's hatred. o Prussianism and the Imperialistic policies of the Genna Empire that he was driven into England, when he desired t} quiet and rest necessary to write the three volumes that h( . fixed his immortality. While American Socialism is greatly influenced by t' theories of Marx-the class struggle, surplus value, the ee omic interpretation of history, the labor theory of value, et• still the socialism pf America is essentially opportunistic, a can readily see by observing any of the Socialist politica' forms. There is nothing in our national or state platfom can be interpreted as "un-American." All the plar· based on actual social and industrial conditions, and · my estimation, is the acid test of the Americanism political movement. We favor public ownership, old sions, woman suffrage, social insurance, mothers etc., not only because they are good for the worl 1· (Continued on Page 30) , �The P~i,nted ,Pige~n T By Rob Wagnu it , WO 'b eautiful Belgian guards ca.rriel Andrew Carnegie begin all over again and go forth in peace and 'Concord. into h is p rivate boudoi~ and lai~ him on a blue \'elcur was all accomplished very quickly amid stupendous a,pplause, ostermoor, dtere he dissolved m tears. Congressman and as the last nation signed t'he compact a vast .r oar of apBerthold threw his hat so high in the air that it went through proval went up from the assemblage. Strong men ·with beards # the s1:ylight and never came down. ·The Kaise~ kissed t)1e wept like women. President of the French Republic and Teddy clinched WJth . They sa.ng and cri~ and whooped and yelled very much T aft. T he great Temple · of Peace s~oo~ with the hurrahs, as I described · in the first paragraph. . · banzias, and hochs of the a~semblec! multitude. Bands played, · But in the midst of t-heir pandemonium and before. the sigwhist!e{ b!ew an:d newsboys shouted the ilad tidings that uni- · nature of the . last delegate was dry, a curiou~ thing h·appened. Tenal peace had come. . · Directly oYer the head of the speaker was a large allegork was a picture no artist can paint, but I've done my !.>est ical mural paintin~ by Wilhelm II representing the nations of lib post-impress you with its symbolism. ·Peace! Real peace! the world with arms uplifted·to a white dove of peacee, and to Afte r all those red ye:us of struggle I But it all goes to show the amazement of the crowd the dove began to move. what money can do when intelligently cErected. For it was It had come to life and was trying to free i~self from the .,11 the fruit of Andrew's endowments of temples and pence canvas. Finally, with a tremendous coo it burst forth-Hew . propr~gai?da. At last the wor!d had been educated to the three . times about the great hall, and with noisy flapping horrible effects of wa r. · And now h is patient years of waiting alighted on the end of the Speaker's stick. · were to see .the culminatio_n of his hopes and aspirations. Do The Congress, awed by such a phenomenon,· sat 'spellbound, yo a v1ondcr that Andre~ dissolved in tears? It was some and .in the great silence that fell, th~ bird spoke. triumph , I tell you. F rom the profit~ of the armor plate he "Gentlemen," it said (it spoke a sort" of pigeon English), load made he had so ordained en~ nts thr.t now there should be "I thank you for ' vhat you have done. For years I have been ao more L!"e for ar:no r plate. Such self-abnegation was bound aborning. . Up to today I have been nothing · but a painted ·t~t result in dissolution. pigeon decorating the halls and letter heads of peace societies, The d,,y of thi3 r;rc~t event opened auspiciously. The sun appearing stuffed at weddings or lowly reliefed on tom~stones. ah pne, the b::mds pbyecl. and the s<reets were alive w!th the But now I live! __ . · pioturcs(]ue pr c~enr..-; . cf international diplomats, att:tches, and "My mother was ··a wish, and you, gentlemen, have from newspaper men . T he Ha[ltte hnd had many peace con- that wish brought forth my living presence. Therefore, you ferences, bt;t this o:1e was pregnant with a great meaning, are my father. I shall do my utmost to honor you-for it is for everybody bdie,·ecl th<.<t a notable event in the epoc of hu- not every bird that has such a large and distinguished father. man progress was abm.:t to be enacted. The great war started. You· shall never regret your fatherhood, and now let's give in tl e Balkan~ . h::td left Europe prostrate and the world was thre~ cheers for me!" gjck of wa r. Yes, the t.jme had arrived for lasting peace. So, The noise was deafening and for a · moment the poor bird Nichola3, William, George and Andrew had called this parlia- was frightened, but her attention was arrested by the Swedish delegate who was asking the Speaker if he did not think the ment together. · Because of his unique position and his noble peace medals, Carnegie Temple in which they had met and brought forth T. R. was elected president. He presided with a large stick · . their child would be a fitting abode for the dove. · that made the rafters rattle. His dental personalit1 imBut the bird interrupted him and holding up her claw for mediately dominated the great assembly. They were all silence. thus delivered herself: t iven evidence that the best way to obtain peace was to be "I thank you, father, but I ask you not to confine me to prepared for war, and T. R. wa~ prepared. He told them u.ll this or any other temple. I've been here long enough in that where to head iu. old picture. Besides. I have a mission to fulfill. Through you, .. He beg::ut by forbidding England to build more Dread~ fathers, I have the blood of' messenger-boys in my veins. I u ughts ; Germany,... Zepplelins ; F ranee, ~ubmarines, and must carry_this message of peace to all the world. I feel that America, aeropla·nes. He told Germany she must get out of I am il natural-born carrier. Call me Carrie-Carrie Pax!" . j P.pan ·out of l'vtmchur:a. England out of Egypt and In the con fusion that followed the wonderful pun that this · nut of the PhilippitH's. He promised Greec~ the re- opr)ortuaity afforded the British delc;gate the bird up and flew of the Elgin marbles; Paris, the return of the bronze out of th~ high window and was soon lost -to view. from the Arc de Triumph. and said that France must After \!: ~ir amazement had· subsided a permanent organizathe Venus de Milo and Madam Totissand return tion was effected with Teddy as its president. The Hague was hat and coat. He promised Venezuela that neu:ralized and Teddy was to make it his permanent home. would return her asphalt. though it ineant tearing up A palace was ordered built for him and his large family to be streets in that country. The Morgan group was given surroun&~d by an immense park in which he could keep pogsin which to re-distribute among the rightful owners noggles, cheetahs, dile diks, and others of his jungle favorit~s. nrl.. r•'·nm of its nau~hty trusts. (The good trusts were ~ ... 'II nnr~nn·nea. ) Each nation arose in turn and amid ,. 1,1~na.u~" agreed to return its thefts. TI1e world basked in the Pax Car:negieismBut: · he said , he preached the soft heart, he did not soft head. He told them that now that they had One day a huge steamer called the Biggeranania was thirty the ~auses of most of their quarrels and jealousies miles of Cherburg when the heat at noon became most ungo. forth and .do battle with the instruments of comf\)rtab!e-an unusual thing at this time of the year. From now on 'it was to be a war of wits instead Aft , under a large awning, sat -a group of delegates retutnHe forced them to settle bound:~.ries, pay old iRg from The Hague. They were exulting i n the triumphs of the slate • uerally- so _that the world w~ld international one moment and cursing the uniced drinks of the .... �Ihe Western Comra!le British bartender the next. . With the setting of the. sun. came no respite, for at 7 p. m. the thermometer stod· at 89. At midnight it had iisen to 93. No one-could sleep and everyone's nerves were on edge. . _A ·great ' storm seemed impending-except that the barometer showed no such intlication. Toward morning the vessel ran into a hot f0&-almost like steam. Thermometer readings of the water ran nearly to the boiling point. _ The condition of the passengers had l:ieconie alarming, but it was difficult to know in what ditection to turn as there was no way of telling where the disturbance was. Fortunately at sunset a red glow was observed far to the south. Though it was uncomfortably hot everyone was immensely relieved that danger had been averted. · There was now no doubt that a ·submarine eruption had occurred. Because of such an unusual phenomenon the captain felt warranted in "laying to" for the night and taking observations. The next day was spent in circling the disturbance and its volcanic origin was clearly indicated by the deiid fish, seaweed and cinders. No other vessels were reported and at 5 p. m. the big leviathan proceeded on her course. The greatest excitement and interest prevailed and the wireless was busy reporting to both shores. A New York newspaper correspondent returning from the peace conference had been aloft all day with a pair of powerful glasses. After the boat was well on its course he descended and sent twenty-two words in cipher to his paper. He had seen something no one els'! had noticed and he would scoop the world on the biggest story yet. Next morning there appeared on the streets of New York a most sensational newspaper splash of a great submarine earthquake that had thrown up ·an island in mid-Atlantic. · As soon as other vessels reported the tr.uth the boats were dispatched from all directions to make scientific reports on the seismic phenomenon. While most of the world was interested only in the scientific aspect of this amazing occurrence, a few hard-headed old anarchs sitting around the mahogany in a directors' room on lower Wall street, turned loose their brains on how to make even an earthquake profitabl~. Now, when brains like these are scrambled the omelet is liable to pay twenty percent-and of course, that's worth cherishing. So they come to a magnificent conclusion and it was this: When that island cooled off, standing as it did mid~ay between four continents, it would dominate the trade of the world. And the first nation to get a flag on. it would be its possessor. They immediately got the Admiralty on long distance and had a Teal little heart-to-heart talk with the High Boys there. Their argument was an economic one and it c6nvinced the department that its usefulness would no doubt be discontinued if it had nothing to do and the ranks of the . unemployed would be largely augmented by former admirals. The argument rang the bell and pretty soon there were great stirrings in the navy · yards. Now you may think that these industrial captains were amazingly shrewd, but bless your heart, they were not so stupendously original, for all over the world twenty percenters think in the same terms. Thus it happened that similar schemes hatched around many foreign mahoganies. 4 .y. • When the Bunkton, Captain Spevans commanding, arrived several days after the above-mentioned conference, he found that he could not approach within six miles of the island, so he decided to circumnavigate the whole disturbed area, but was very much chagrined to find an English and a Gerp1an cruiser doing the same thing. It now became a waiting game -waiting for the island to cool off enough to get a flag on it. -- Spevans, however., was resourceful and had no intention -' of waiting. He wired the' situation to Washington and_immediately they dispatched the ··J une Bug 32, carrying two men besides Lieutenant Glenwright. Their mission was to fly over the island and drop an anchor with an asbestos.. flag attaChed _ right on the highest point of the molten mass. Then would the place belong to America.by right of discovery. The June Bug arrived early the next morning and to the ama2;ement- of . the intrepid. pilot he ~scovered high to the east the ·approa'ch . . .. of two huge dirigibles, one flying the English and the ·other-' ·_ the German flag. -He suspected this motive and hurri~d straight for the island, but the hot air risin-g from the lava caused the air currents to whirl in all kinds of eccentric cirdes and, to _the horror of all, the biplane turned turtle and shot straight for the water and he was soon lost to view. -The captains of the big airships witnessed this with their binoculars and were chuckling over the fiasco of their aeroplatonic friend . / when two fearful explosions rent the air and .both the huge dirigibles succumbed to the strange gases. At almo~t the same instant a shot was heard and an im- . mense projectile flew over the ship. It seemed to come froin' ' the direction of the German cruiser and ·landed too accurately close to be accidental. ln a few minutes the Bunkton was under full steam, headed for an explanation. As the vessel t~rned toward the south it passed between the British ·ship Inevitable ·and the island. With the glass could be seen much agitation aboard the English vessel, and no wonder, for with a loud report a great hole was torn in the bow of the Bunkton by a British torpedo. Explanations.. were not needed now. It was too obxious. Spevans let go both batteries--one at -the Germans and the other at the English. The Germans returned their fire to the \ English ship-which was puzzling. . Pretty soon there was the prettiest three-cornered fight you ever saw. Toward evening the three vessels were still ·afloat, but badly used up. They were all glad of a chance to eat and re~t and send news back home. • This incident shows how easy it is to start trouble, for had· Captain Spevans known the truth a terribre catastrophe would have been averted. . Like M. and M.;s, captains usually think in the same terms. Each had determined to outwit the others and get his flag up first. Captain Schmitsberger of the armored cruiser Whosahollerin had rigged up a flag fastened to a projectile that he fired ar the top of the hot mountain. Unfortunately it went high,' just missed the U. S . S. Bunkton, and was most uncharitably interpreted. Aboard H. M. S. Inevitable, Captain John Stoke-Pogis,, _ V. C., was equaHy alert and had had made an asbestos Union Jack that he determined to send ashore in a slow-going torpe~. ' The only trouble was tliat in the excitement of dispatching it they forgot to pull the war plug from the cap in its nose and the American ship accidentally intercepted it on its triumphant trip to the hpt shore. When the facts were known many hoped that each_nation would see tl.e futility of the brawl and call off the dogs_of war,_ but the percenters called in their newspaper publishers and' told them to whoop it up for patriotism and play up the flag stuff strong. National honor! the Stars and Stripes! . and all that. Of course, they obeyed. One great publisher admitted that he had made fortunes off of wars and eartHquakes. And so the conflict waxed. ' As the news of the terrible losses to the three countries be-· came known, nations that had suffered for centuries in silence became bold, and pretty soon in Europe a11d Asia the lesser .~ (Continued on Page 35)_ ~ �. Page twenty-six The . Does Co-operation Pay? By- Ralph E. Cheney, Co-<>perative G;ague of America. D com~unity • ! Weate"Ta. · Comrad~ ·~~ :~·:{\ ' !. OES co~sumer's co-<>peration pay? fr?m costing !he or the individual a cent, consum- ·\ . . , 'i The other day, a Scotchman stepped into the office . of er s co-<>perahon pays. ·Consumer's 'co-<>peration does not, financially, merely con- ~{ the Co-operative League of America in order to ob1ain assistance and advice from the league in starting a new co- sist of diverting money · from the poc;:kets of exploiters into · \-· operative store . ... .In the course of the conversation, he told the pockets of the exploited. It does not merely -abolish profit. ( how he had not lPng ago had to return to Scotland to settle It does abolish profit, and it would be a great movement if it · \ up · the_ estate of his parents. When he had . first come to did that and that alone. But it does more. . The co-<>perative. "America, many years past, he had left· his· family in . almo~t store rea.J.izes many economies of business organization which utter destitution ·aJ!d he had since found it almost impossible are impossible to the non-co-operative store. A ress expensive to send them over more than a v.e ry lin le money indeed.· Con- site is possible. Window dressings need not be so elabora-te. sequently he expected to find a sad state of ·affairs. But he The delivery system can be much simpler or can be done away had one ground for hope; thirty years before his mother had with altogether. In fact, all the varied forms of show and adjoined the ·local co-operative society. Imagine his surprise, vertisement that are so tremendously influential in the success then when he discovered on his return that his mother had or failure of a private capitalist store and that form so gigantic $5000 invested in the cooperative store on which she drew an a part of its expenses, can be largely or wholly dispensed with ; 1 interest of about 5 percent ! This sum represented the div- in a co-operative store. Consider the millons of dollars spent idends on purchases which she had thriftily and shrewdly re- monthly in the United States on advertisments of stores In \ fused to withdraw, but had always left in the store to accumu- newspapers, magazines, street cars, wooden signs along rail- · t late. This is but one of hundreds of tales we might tell, all road tracks, and handbills alone! Consider, then, the count \ answering pretty plainly the question: . Je·ss other direct and indirect forms of Does Co-<>peration Pay? •7================~ advertising! if one begins to realize .. "Co-operation," says Holyoake, "is the amount of energy and money spent an invention for acquiring money withon advertising, one Is swept by a sense co-OPERATION as a meai~S of of the saving which CO-<>peration, without saving it, ·or working for it, or stealing it, or borrowing it, or begging out need of advertisement, means. acquiring gain, consists chiefly it." Such an inventi0!1 must surely be When one has a glimpse of how exin not allowing yourself or your asas welcome as it is t·nusual ! "The pensive a commodity "the good will of ways to enrich a re m:uu, and most cf the trade" is, and how much private sociates to be robbed by tradesmen. them foul," Lord Y <. l ulam says sucdealers are willing to pay for it, on'e Certainly no heavy moral guilt rests cinctly and truly enough. And the perceives how great an advantage it great Italian poet, Da nte, in his 'The is to start business with an unlimited upon the traveler who robs his own Convivio," writes, "I affirm that gain supply of it and to be able to draw is precisely that which comes oftener upon this supply at all times with but watch back from the footpad. Coto the bad than to the good ; for illittle fear of depleting it. The private op~rators .. re~olutely refuse to let legitimate gains never come to the good dealer can only hazard a guess at the at all , because they reject them. And wants of his customers. He cannot themselves be robbed. lawful gains rarely come to the good, guarantee to himself the keeping of · because, since much anxious care is their custom, unless he manages to get needful thereto, and the anxious care them into his debt. If he does sucof the good man is directed to weightceed in getting them into his debt by.. tier m<!tters, rarely does the good ma n give sufficient · attention extending credit to them, it means booking expenses, risk of thereto." · loss, and a lack of ready money for the market. And an ~n-. But co-operation as a means of acquiring gain, is not foul, certain custom means the· necessity of a margin for the nsk nor does it require undue attention. It consists chiefly in not of <YOods sold at a loss or not sold at all. The whole crux of allow;ng yourself or your associates to be robbed by trades- the "situation of the private ·store is this: All the custom of a men. Certainly no heavy moral guilt rests upon the traveler private store is voluntary; and voluntary custom cannot be who robs his own watch back from the footpad. Co-operators counted on, but · must be cheated or coaxed. A co-operative do not even do that much. They merely resolutely refuse to store can rely upon voluntary custom and to some extent it let themselves be robbed. Nor is the attention that co-opera- should, but it need not. Co-operators come to the co-<>perative tion demands burdensome. It is not so much work, as it is store because it is their own store, because it is to their in.. the cheapest and most genuine education. terest that they should patronize it. No advertisements are The census of 1911 showed that state and municipal ap- needed to tickle their fancies and inform or remind them of propriations for higher education in the United States for the existence of their store. Consumers' co-operation means a that year amounted to $14,707,243. Devoting all or the best near approach to the scientific ascertainment of the wants of part of their time to instruction in our colleges and univer- needs of a community. In -other words, it means less waste, sities are over 21,813 men . and 2,854 women. But the vast less risk of unsold goods, an implicit guarantee that a certain majority of ·the American peopie cannot afford to indulge amount of certain goods will be required and purchased. .. in higher education. And we confidently state, Without fear There will be no need of credit in a co-<>perative store; custom of successful contradiction, that a great deal more genuine will not need to be cheated into staying. No credit means less ·and necessary education and training for the average man or booking expenses, and no risk of loss and plenty of ready woman is furnished by co-<>peration in the conduct of a store money for more advantageous buying. · The whole of the ' than by any amo!lnt of studying higher mathematics, dead situation of the co-<>perative store· is this: The ca-<>perative languages, econom1cs from a capitalist viewpoint, or any other store is based upon good will, good will means commanded, co~Jrse or ·combination of courses in any college. Yet, far (Continued on Page · 39) ~,... �' Comment and -C-ritic ism By Alec Watkin a •, A qUESTION OF HONOR I '~:! •,-;-: _~ - -Jhosewho, previous ~o our entrance into the' European war, urged us to a~tack Mex1co, and who will probably renew their efforts._ when times are more' propitious, declared that our _government should prolect Amencan lives wherever they might be. The s~range fe lure _about this tender concern for the safety of . ,Am~r.lcans au.'l>a~ 1s that _those who are_ most deeply stirred · by 1t us~ally mamfest but httle practical interest in tl-ie welfare of Amencans at home. - Englan~l, m_o re than any other country, has prided' herself t?at Enghshmen all over the world were secure in the protecttonafforded by the Home government. Even now we hear rer~ld the story of . the Englishman who was imprisoned by the - kmg of Abysynma, . a half-century ago. The British o-ovemment demanded his release. The demand was ignored."' After a delay of two years, 12,000 British troops marched across the · dese~t, met and defeated the Abysynnians in battle, set the captive free, and drove the native king to suicide. It is an inspiring story._ It makes a vivid appeal to the imagination. . But reflectiOn tends to mitigate our enthusiasm. In normal times_; the~e are hundreds of thousands of Englishmen within ~alkmg d1stan_ce of the_ Houses of Parliament who are serving hfe-sente~ces m the pnson house of poverty. Yet, as Sidney Webb pomts out, even great liberal statesmen like Harcourt and Gladstone were in the habit of telling -the nation that "it could not afford to give its children decent schoolino- that w house its laborers as well as its horses was quite b~~ond ·its means, that the cost of sanitation which would keep its chi!- · d1en from needless disease wai a burden impossible to be borne." We are further reminded that, as we learn from the life of Sir Chas. Dilke "on the preparation of each successive budget it was quite the customary thing for the Chancellor of the Exchequer,_ whoever he was, to threaten to resign merely because the est1mates would go up." And yet, the British government could afford to arm and equip ready for battle 12,000 men, and send them to a far-off land to rescue a captive Engl;shman whose predicamen-t was due either to the carelessnesss of the government or to his own wrong-doing. It is a peculiar state of mind that conceives the nation's honor to be basely attacked when an American in Mexico on his own business or in p1,1rsuit of his own plea~u re finds himself ·in danger, but regards its honor as in no wise touched when innocent American workingmen are condemned to the gallows within our own borders. Our Roosevelts and our Hearsts must be taught that our workers a.t home are entitled at least as much co1isideration as our adventurers abroad.- · to THE NEW PARTY - A matter of some interest is the formation of a new political party. Its prime mover, apparently, is John Spargo, and i is composed of the socialists who withdrew from the regular socialist party last Spring, and various other unhitched political elements. o. Its platform.• in many respects, is an excellent document. It declares the purpose of the -party to be the attainment of democracy irr government, in industry, and in international rela. tions, and it proceeds to· specify the measures believed to be necessary in order to make its attairunent possibie. It urges many drastic changes in both domestic and international political procedure; Few socialists, however, would be willing /·-~ tc endorse all that is said as to democracy in industry. It reads like a: hazy epitome of Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom," tinged with socialism.- The sureness of touch with i, ' w~ich the_ subject of political ~emocracy 1s treate is nQt in ev1dence . m t~e treatment of the subject' oJ in .lust rial dem~cracy . . There is too great an effcrt to disclaim ai)Y rt>volutiOJ~ar_r mfent. The measun~s proposed fall far short of being soc1ahsm, undoubtedly .out·ot"regard for the non-socialist mem-: hers ~f the party. · . . But the real weakness of the new party lies not in ni~king its ~reec! to broad, but in making its cr.eed the foundation upon wh1ch _the organ!zation is built. In this particular, it is merely repe~ tm g the m1sta_ke of the American Socia-list Party. It is largely a waste of time to gather togeth<>r into a political party people whose only bond is· the similarity of their respective · pol!ti~al faiths., Not identity of opinio!i, but i'd entity of econ· om1c mlerest should be the 'basis of o 1t organized activity. RESPONSIBLE MINISTRIES The d esire of President . Wilson to_ deal. with a ministry respons1ble to the people of Germany rather than with the present autocra!ic government raises a question that •has an it~ terest fo r Americans aside from the war. In both F railce and England the natio11al administration is more directly ··r sponsible to the people and more closely in touch with th~ir representatives than in the United States. In England, for instance, the chief executive, and each member ?f the cabinet has a seat in parliament. And day by day there 1s an allo ted time during which members of. Parliament .may question cabinet officers as to the work of their various departments. In addition to this every member of the c~binet having a seat in the House of Commons must first be elect~d to parliament directly by the people. · In our own country, however, there is no such direct touch between the people a11d the administration. The executive department of our government is supposed to ex1st for the purpose of putting into effect the decisions of the legislative department. But often the legislature is quite in the dark as to what the executive is doing. Often, indeed, -the executive instead of performing the \\,ill of the people as- expressed through.-the law-m_a king body, assumes the· role of dictator. Instead of taki1ig orders, the executive issues them. . . Naturally, _this tendency is mor-e ~;vident in war times than in peace time. La Follette's famous sptech in the Senat'e last. · October was largely a protest against the assumption by the president of functions that iigh~fully belong to Congress re~ garding the declaration· of the purposes of the war. It 'is true that the president, personally, is vastly better · able to pronounce war aims and to work out peace terms than the average congressman. The intellectual stature of most legishitors is notoriously small. A discussion on ·any vital subject in Con; gress amply demonstrates the pitiful lack of vision of most of its members. Yet La Follette was plainly right; in fact, no qne has yet attempted to reply to his contention. And if the member:; of congress, in accordance· with the constitution, were compelled to shoulder their proper responsibility in the matter of war aims and peace terms, their lack of understanding would be largely overcome by the pressure of -thei'r more enlightened constituents. . The gulf between the people and their government is widen~' ing. In no adequate sense have we· a responsible ministry.' •: II: _ 'is not the president's fault. It is the fault of the system. Our governmental structure is such that a ·presid!:nt, 'part;cul.i'rly: at a crisis, is almost compelled tci' choose between being eithei a useless appendage . or- a dictator. · ./ '·.-.~ ~~~ '; . •tf? �The Western Comrade Was ·.S chmidt Guilty? [This is the conclusion of Job Harriman's address before the jury which tried Schmidt. Back numbers, JOe.) Does an electric battery smoke} There is no more smoke in an electric battery than there is in an iceberg. The fact that it was smoking proves beyond a doubt that the dynamite was UT, you ask, how about th!' wall that was blown in} Ah, not ignited' by an electric spark and a dock. It was exploded this is a figment of his imagination. That n~ver hap. by a fuse. A fuse will smoke precisely as Adams ~escribed. pened. You will remember that Mr-- testified that But no fuse had been burning in that valise for more than he ran from the east end of the basement and looked twelve hours. It did not burn and smok(' for all .these hours. through the door, which Mr. Mulholland thought was blown There is · but one reasonable explanation, and that is that the down. The door casement was intact. You must remember watchman knew when the witnesses were to arrive, and as that Mr. Mulholland only gave his opinion, but unfortunately they drove up, he lighted the fuse, and closed the valise. Rico his opinion is contradicted by the facts. grabbed the valise and immediately . ran with it to the street, Listen, Mr. Mul~lland said that the beams to which he re- <;Ut it open and lound his safety in Hight, while the fuse burned ferred supported about twenty eight feet of the alley floor, and on until it reached the dynamite. that in his opinion, the entire twenty eight feet of the alley ·But what did Rico say} He tells us that he cut the side of floor must have fallen instantly. He supported his opinion by the valise open. Is such a proceedure likely with an infernal saying that this alley floor fell and was lying upon the clean machine? He tells you that as soon as he cut it open he heard . basement floor below. the buzz and ran; that he got a hundred and fifty yards away Again the facts, and also Witnesses, contradict Mr. Mulhol- before the explosion came. Mr. Adams testified that when land. Directly under this floor, and within eight feet of where he saw the smoke he ran to the machine, cranked it, and the dynamite was supposed to have been, there were standing jumped in and drove a block away before it exploqed. The three men. Two of those men got out of the building without statement of Adams is true. The statement of Rico is false. a scratch. They both testified that the ceiling was intact when If dynamite had been detonated by an electric battery and they left, and that it did not fall at the time of the explosion. clock, Rico would not have been here to tell the story. It Bauee and Doughterty both stood under the supposed point of would not take two seconds for the clock to turn one quarter explosion, and escaped. The Scott brothers both testify th?t around and Rico could not have jumped up and got out of the ceiling was intact, and that the North wall of the alley still the range of the blow. This infernal machine was planted stood. there by some one known to those who found it. This is anHagherty, the man who was killed, was found eight feet other example of the fairness of the prosecution. To hang a South of the South wall of the alley. When the explosion man with the facts is a terrible thing. To hang him with ocurred he was standing under the alley with Mr. Dougherty. perjury is a dastardly crime. Mr. Doughert¥ had his hand on Haggerty's shoulder. They But there was another plant at Zeehandelar's. It was in a both ran away. Hagerty was found more than twelve feet valise this time. It was wrapped in Los Angeles papers. It from where he stood when the explosion occurred. sat out in front of the house in full view. It was found about If the ceiling had been blown instantly, or if there had been ten oclock by the girl. Mr. Henderson also saw it. Do you a charge of dynamite almost directly over these men, only remember Mr. Henderson? He is the man who says he saw eight feet from their heads, all of them would have been the man in the basement of the Times building, trying to found dead in their tracks, with the alley floor upon them. escape at the North window. The flames were roaring and The fac:t is, the explosion was caused by gas. It shot up gradually engulfing him. Henderson made llO effort to assist through the building and roof, as gas always does, and for the the man from this burning tomb, but told him to go hack into time being the floor of Ink Alley was· left practically intact. the flames while .he (Henderson) went around to the lire deThe men in the basement under the alley escaped and later the partment and watched them put out the fire. He did nothing . . falling machinery and cornice crushed it in. This is the gist of and said nothing to release the unfortunate man from his terthe testimony given by the State to prove that the explosion rible position. It was this man Henderson, who unwrapped was - caused by dynamite. They have fallen short of this the Zeehandelar infernal machine. He had seen them "just duty, and it therefore becomes your bounden duty to acquit. before in Chicago." Doubtless he had made them. He was Now let me direct your attention to the dynamite planted familiar with them, and knew how to put them together. Perat the houses of Messrs. Otis, and Zeehandelar. . haps he had prepared this one. The clock was wound too They found a valise containing dy~amite at about one or tight. Yet they turned it while they were there. They tinktwo o'clock p. m. on the first of October. It was not con- ered with it, and examined it, and fixed it, and then turned cealed. It sat by some bushes near the house. It is supposed it over to the. police. The dynamite had no stamp upon it. to have sat there during a part of the night, and all the fore- Not one of all the witnesses saw the eighty percent stamp noon, It was in the open so that any one could see it. Im- upon it until a fter it was taken to the jail. Everyone was askmediately after the explosion at about I a. m., a watchman ed the question, "Did you see the eight percent dynamite stamp was sent to the Otis residence and remained there until the there?" Every one answered, "No." One is found to believe crowd of investigators arrived at one o'clock p. m. Then they that the dynamite was shifted and that the stuff they claimed found this valise. The watchman had w'!{ked around the was dynamite was placed in the package with eighty percent house and through the yard, time and again, from the time wrappers upon it. of his arrival, looking for suspicious looking objects. Yet he Come, let us see how fa~· one could run while tae dock ia did not · cover this valise, which was near the house, in . full turning round. One- two seconds. Could Rico rwn laalf a view of al omers. Finally the hour came. The stage was block in two seconds} Was he on his knees whell the clock · set. The aut fiUed with special witnesses drove up, and be- began to turn? Did he get a block away in two seconds? Or held the suitcas , Rico grabbed it, took it hutri,. ..:;v )to the is that a lie? They would have you believe that there were street, cut one sid~ut, and ran away. Mr. Adams ~ore that sixteen pound of eighty percent dynamite in that valise, and he saw smoke come ~t of the valise as Rico ran. Smoke} that it would blo twelve inch steel beams out of their sockets B . . ' ----- . ,---- ._r-- . I _{ L ~ �' The WealerD Comrade · ,. . .. . Paae fwenty-nine twenty-eight feet a~ay and that he eseaped without injury. five years, but now it was too dangerous to hold longer. The fact is that no clock was in the Otis valise. That Schmidt was arrested. rn a few months he would come to package was exploded by a fuse. trial. Bu't the dynamite ·w as too dangerous to keep .. ' It .wa& The fact is that the wrappers in the Zeehandelar package not dangerous as dynamite, but it was dangerous -as eviclence. 1 were exchangeg for other wrappers marked eighty percent. They d!d not dare to compare it with the dynamite at the The fact is that the Times building was not exploded by quarry. It was not the same stuff. If it were .shown to bedifferent it would let the innocent go free and convid the : dynamite, but by gas. The fact is that the six inch beam was not broke!) by dyna- . guilty. Wh::.t was~'don·e with the stuff at the quarry ? It, too, wa·s · mite, but I;>Y the falling machinery. ' The fact is that· the south end of the tank was not caved destroyed. It, too, was dangerous. Terribly dangerous, this stuff. _ in by a blow from dynamite, but by a falling lathe. . Every man who took the stand and .swore th;'lt they destroy- . The fact is that the twelve-inch iron· beams were not driven from their sockets by dynamite, but by the falling · cornice · ed it because it was d::ngerous, perjured himself to hang an from the top of the five-story brick wall on the ~ou:h side of innocent T:J.an. It was not dangerous. They knew it was not' dangerous. Davidson and Ford knew it was no more d angerthe alley. The fact is that the hole was llOt driven through the wall ous than a lump of mud. They knew it w::~ ;;~~ .:.!ynan1ite. They knew it would not explode. They knew h could not be nor the arch blown down. The fact is that Mr. Haggerty looked through the door and ex~loded. T hey were hiding evidence th;lt would free the innocent and ·expose the guilty. Duv!dson let the .c 2.t out .of the the arch and' wall were intact. The fact is that the floor of the alley was not blown down bag when he testified that, "We too!, ten ~ticks, divided them into blocks of two sticks each; and then . I)ut a fre~h stick of into the cellar by the explosion. The fact is that the men under the floor were not injured by. for~y percent with each two sticks to detonate the {dan gcrou~) e:ghly percent dynamite." the fallin g floor nor by the explosion. \ \ 11nt cdl exp!osion of d an gerous dynamite! wny divide it The fact is that Haggerty moved eighteen feet and was in co fi ve piles of two sticks each? Why ftve e:~plqsions? Why then struck by some object and killed. The fact is that dynamite will not ignite oil. a nd will not put one forty percent stick with two eighty percent sticb ~ If shoot upwa rds, but strikes a blow with equal force in every the eighty percent stu!f was d angerous, could it not be exploded? Would it be less dangerous by add!ng a sticl• o:f forty direction. , · The fact is that gas exploded a nd shot upthrou~h the roof p~rcen t stutP Is the criminal lie not glaring in everj statement of theee and burned the building. The fact · · tha t the stuff in San Francisco was never men? One stick of forty percent stuff was placed there te brought to Lo. An geles, and played no part in this calamity. deceive the witnesses. Ten sticks in a pile would do ,r.at Now listen ! O'Brian, the man who found the dynamite in haYOc, but two sticks would not do much, and the witnesses San Francisco, states that it was ma rked Giant powder. Mr. were deceived by di-:iding the ~tuff into small lots and nRyan; who doubtless would likewise haY e testified, havjng plcd:ng it with one forty p::rcent stick. The fact is that the two sticks of e ighty percent were •ot been brought by the prosecution, was not put on the stand. He is an off1cer of the San Francisco police courts. \Ve eighty percent. T hey were not dynamite a t all. They were brought h im~nd when put on the stand, he said tha t the box a "plant" placed at Zeehandeb.r's. They knew what it WM. was full of eighty percent Giant 1Jowder. Remember the box They knew it looked like dyn:;.mite but they knew it wu not was full. During tha t night ~nly one man was there. The dynamite. They thought it cou!d be concealed. They undernext time the box was examined the eigh ty percent Giant pow- took to deceive you and to ha ng this man with a lie. Ford knew it was a lie. DaviJson knew it was a lie. Woolwine der had been removed and replaced by forty percent powder. knew it was a lie. You may hang a man with a rope, b~t The stuff in Los Angeles was in the pol ice station. It was under guard acording to the testimony of the officers. It was do not h:mg him with a lie. Listen ! Mr. l\r!ler the city chem:st was taken to the qu arry taken to the Grand jury, under guard, and examined. Thence it was taken back to the police station, Thence it was taken to el(am:n ·~ this d::m ge rous slu!f. He reported to the District in a box out to a quarry and there it has been kept ever Atto rney tha t is wu.s not dynamite. \Voo 1wine J-,;,d _th:s ~c,:;:c chemist i:~ his office juct before since. Mr. Davidson 'wore that he knew absolutely tha t it the:.e men t:-,tified ~, :1d [\ ·~ r. [\.{Ecr said it w,1s t:ot dy;lamit·e · w;:,s not exchanged fo. other material. Where is this stuff ? Whete is the stuff that was found in u.nd v:oCJlcl net cxploc!e, ~.1r . ~.File r · w::s abb to produce hi~ San ·Francisco ? All the boxes in s~n Francisco were taken tests. Lut l\k V/ooh.-inc krnd his back upon :he !ruth and brc-u ~!it forth pc.rjur~d tcst~!l;ony. back to the Giant Powder ~ompany for safe l,eeping. 1-le \':mdd O>Ot r;u r\ \-. ~l!'er on :he str.:~d. By ll stramr,e After this defenda nt was arrested, Mr. Keyes, and others, wen t to San Francisco and caused the powder to be destroyed. ro: nci•}cnce ...-e hlnd (,-!r_ Miller. \;/e put him on the st;:ud. They knew it wa s not the same stuff that had been brough t He prochcd h:s l c : l ~ . He is a cor.1pe' cn~ chemist... He !s eooc! enough for this :;rea l city when the health of its c.& fron Zeehandelar's. They sent one stick to the Giant Powder company for an- zens is a t slr.l~e. bu t not mean enough to concea.l the cri:alysis. The chemist testified before the Grand Jury that one of i:s D;st6c: A!tomey. Ee is the city chemist of Los Ant:el~. of the sticks examined was Dupont .powder. \Vha t d:d Miller ~ay ? ~ le sa id there v:as .no dynamite in tt:is All the stuff that they so carefully guarded before and after stuff. H e ~ aiel it wo'uld net exp!o2e. This is the ~tutl foua.z· .it was submitted to the Grand jury, was taken to Mr. Heine, at Zeeh•mdelvr's. This is the stuff tht w.::s dangerous. Tll-a as he swore, and put under the care of Mr. Davidson in the is the lie that is to d isgrace unio11 labor aad l!ug llll inaocent magazine a t the quarry. man. . What has become of this dynamite? Have they saved it Will yo:~ hu.ii'~ him with !his lie ~ No, you WI11 ·ROt C:o h. _ for evidence? Did they save the S an Fra ncisco stuff for evi- But you will believe this defend:,B.t. Y(>U will know he toJd the tru~h when he aaid be met ]. d~e) No. All the San Francisco stuff was destroyed. They said it was too dangerous to· keep. They had kept it (Continued .-n Pl!fiC 38) e. ..... �The Page thirty \ Western Comrade ' Humanism By Dr. Franz Mar.ne "HUMANISM," the new and rapidly-prevailing -philos- _,uP?n which indeed the whole world, exceptin~ professional ophy, started abOut a generation ago by Professor philosophers, has heretofore moved--of Humamsm. . Pierce of Harvard, as "PraginatisF," left undeveloped . ?chiller'~ _latest .?ook is. "S~~dies In_ Humanism;' being reby him, and given to the world by Professor William James, phes to cnhcs o.f ·Humamsm, and mtght b.e taken next. of Harvard, not many ·years ago, io "Pragmatism," "The Will His earliest book, published anonymously years ago, to Believe," "Varieties of Religious Experience,". and a host : "R_iddles ?f the Sphin~," is two-:thirds _a ref~tatio~ of t~e older of articles in technical· magazines, is now, as for ten or. more phtlosophtes . by thetr own tmposstble mconststenctes and years since Professor James' death, propounded, expl~ined and errors and differences. and one-third the outline of Humanism. His "Axioms As Postulates" is a single article in Henry defended by E. C. S. Schiller, of Oxford University. ·k is winning its way very swiftly in all civilized nations. . . St~rt:s "Personal Idealism," a~? sh~.ws the foolishness of Humanism denies any value whatever to the anctent and bmldmg on any other assumed truth but that of modern present philosophies as in any way sources of truth and scie~ce:. . .. . . .. demands a radically new logic in philosophy. The old philHts Formal Logtc nddles -the old formal logtc of Pure osophies are all built upon certain alleged "intuitions,". "pos- Reason," and shows the way to the real -human l·aws and ways tulates," or assumed "unive·rsal truths," differing with each of thought. . . . philosophy, all of which Humanism denies to be more than The_bO?ks ~re expenstve-now _$3.25 each-but wtll have guesses and of no value as foundation for a system of "truth." to be m hbranes ?~ the futu~e _until they may ~e replaced by They-the old systems-pretend to be results ; of "pure reas- better l~ter exposthons _b y dtsctple~ of Hu~ams~: Dr. John on," human "reason" divorced entirely from other parts of Dewey ts a thorough-gomg. H~mamst, bu_t hts wntmgs are t~o human nature, and working strictly according to the old techn~cal fo~ any ~ut spe_c!ahsts who read up to the hour m "formal logic;" as Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason." Hu- techmcal phtlosophtcal ~ntmgs.. . ., . The final_ chapter of ~r. Bntlmg Se~s It Thr~mgh· ts conman ism says that "pure reason" is pure nonsense, human reasoning being always guided chiefly by human emotions and fessedly bmlt on the basts ?~. Pragmatism, .a~ ts, ~f course, wills; and the "f{)rtnal logic" of "pure reason" is formal non- ~!so the whole of Mr. \Yells ~od, The InviSible Kmg"; but sense, our reason never working in accordance with its "laws," ~t must be r~m~mbered m reading thos~ pag~s that Mr. Wells ts a ?e~ dtsctple, an ama~eur, a tyro m phtl_osophy, and ~h.e but always swayed by desires, hatreds, fears, and wills. Humanism denies that there are any universal, intuitive, or re~l . stgmficance. of Humamsm must not be JUdged from hts revealed "truths," humanity slowly working _o\tt all such wntmgs. notions in its slow evolution. "Truth is that which works"hence "Pragmatism" as the method of the new Humanism ; "Practicalism" it means; truth recognized and proved out only (Continued from Page 23) by testing, experimenting; as in modern science, so in every region of human thought and effort. Hence "truth" is never cause the ·united States needs them. We opposed preparedmore than a working hypothesis to be tested by experiment, to ness because we believed that it was un-American and opposed be dropped themoment it is replaced by truer "truth," All to the dictum of that unquestionable patriot-George Washlong-cherished beliefs are to be received not as 'truths" en- ington-who, in his famous Farewell Address, solemnly warnduring, but as human attempts to find out truth, and to be ed the American people never to become involved in the diptested each in turn. Modern science must be the firmest basis lomatic entanglements of European countries. , we can yet -find for foundation "truths," because its pragmatic All of the candidates for president and vice-president of the method is the only sound one. It is basal only in s.o far Socialist party have been thorough Americans. Gene Debs.• as It confines its statements of "truth" to its own physical born -in· Indiana; Job Harriman, born in Indiana; Ben Hansphere; and ·then Metaphysics may come in to build on science ford, Allan L. Benson, who traces his parentage to the "May foundations such probable · "truths" abo·ut invisible things or Aower"- these men, while interna6onalists and social r"volubeings as human desires, 'thinking and will-to-believe make tionists, are at heart thorough Americans, and have every na- · probable enough to lead one to active faith. So that "religion tiona! interest of America at heart. is betting one's life that there is a God," and the religion of The absurd charges of anarchism hurled at Socialists who •. jesus is betting one's life that God is the · loving Father of opposed the war have no foundation in fact. Most of them Jesus, and acting as nearly as possible accordingly, just as have been the result of the insanity of patriotism to which,most 1 Buddhism is betting one's life on the · divine inspiration of of our critics are now subject . . Mohammed, Christian Science betting one's life on the divine Patriotism most often, as sqmebody has aptly said, -is the inspiration of Mrs. Eddy, etc., etc. negation of the 'results of mental processes. It is the result of In a stitdy of Humanism for practical purposes-which the instinct of herd-union- an inheritance of all ·gregarious every thinking person should make--one may read first Pro- animals. There is a natural craving for the expression of this fessor SchiHer's "Humanism." One should give a first rapid instinct. And war provides an opportunity for men to flock reading, not trying to work it all out critically, to understand together for a drink of this nectar ·o f emotional patriotism. ··everything, but just to get the run and . feel of it; for Schiller Men are th~n perfectly willing to be dead, provided they may is.. a lineal successor to William James in his incomparable be dead in a pile. lucidity, freedOm from technical terms. (to an extent unknown There are a few of us who believe . that the grave national by other philosophers), and engaging and illuminating humor, and international problems that pres.s upon us for solution can and his _d rift and, argument can mostly be thus appreciated hy be solved only by an unadulterated application of reason and -the unaccustomed lay reader. HE HAS WON OXFORD, the commonsense. We have a deep distrust of the instinct ,o f pat..r . _ . ~qcient, _stronihold .of the old philosophies and formal logic, riotisp~ as a means of arriving at logical conclusions; ancl+¥ s6 that Wilfiam Jame$ had a great hearing there and its rigid- not believe that such a procedure proves that we are anar.chists. \ ily of centu~es is now breaking up to let in this new light~you? · Are Socialists Anarchists? . 1 \ \ l \ -~ ,- �· Western #Comrade Co-~operatlon I Not~s . -the W~otld ··over A b·o u t t h e C h i e f Co· ·o p e r a t i v e s G I e an e d f r o m M a n y Sources The Strength of British Co-operation The ·co-operative societies of Great Britain distribute nearly '$1,000,000,000 worth of commod!ties to their members annually. The "profit," · or more properly speaking, the savings to their members amount to . $100,000,000 a year. Of this amount $65,000,000 are returned in cash to the members i_n the form of "dividends." The British Wholesale · SOciety supplies 1200 societies. It owns its own steamships. It has thirteen great warehouses. It- gave $100,000 toward the construc"Jion of the Manchester Ship canal along which are its . great ·Hour mil\s. it is the largest purchaser of Canadian wheat. Its eight Rour mills are the largest in Great Britain. These mills turn out 35 tons of Rour every hour for the people who own the mills.-James Peter Warbasse • • • Co-operation-The Ideal Who is so biind that he cannot see the establishment of "a stale within a state", as Lord Rosebery has defined consumers co-operation, a state without boundaries except the limits of the earth itself, without traqe wars, without industrial autocracy, without hunger or poverty? -E. Ralph Cheyney. $20eo' a week." being done in the store. We are doing a business of abou! . <?ur plan of selling at t~e regular market prices, and then . returning dtvrdends on .the purchases, ts adopted from the English rule~ which have proven wonderfully successful in· that and other European countries, ud whtch JUles we have followed very closely in formulating our org_anization. We pay 5 percent on our share capital or stock, which is 2 percent better· . · than the local banks are paying. ·Our dividends for the first. quarter were 5 . percent on purchases to members, and 2Yz percent to non-members. We expect this will be considerably increased the second quarter ending September 30th. Other co-operative stores are being organized in neighboring cities, and we b~lieve our organization is founded upon such sound ·principles, with a workmg plan so complete that we shall become a nucleous around which will gather many successful orgaqizations, whose growlh will develop wholesale possibilities, as well as manufacturing and farming enterprises arid distribution systems tha t will lift many of the burdens carried with so much difficulty by those .who live by their labor. . 'Ihanking you for the opportunity to have expression through your publication, and with very kind regards, I am. sincerely yours, WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Manager. . .• . Co-operatives Save Russia from Anarchy The California Fruit Exchange Up to within a few years ago, fruit-marketing conditions in the state - of California were wretched and the income of the fruit-grower an exceedingly precarious one. "Trimmed" by the questionable tactics of Eastern dealers, and driven to desperation by the dropping of selling prices to the lowest possible limits, a group of eighty growers assembled in January, 1901, in the city of Sacramento, and organized the "California Fresh Fruit Exchange." In 1907, a reorganization was affected and the name "California Fruit Exchange" was adopted. The California Fruit Exchange is an organization controlled, operated and owned exclusively by friut growers. At the present time it is marketing for 1800 fruit growers. of California about 3000 carloads of fruit per year. By eliminating the wastes of competitive marketing, the highest possible net returns have been secured for the growers. The Traffic department of the Exchange has collected from transportation and refrigerating companies over $350,000 damages for its members. The Ex' change also acts as a purchasing agent for the growers, buying at the lowest possible cost practically everything a grower needs to grow fruit. So successful and so powerful has the Exchange become that it now considers the whole of America its selling field, and is extending its marketing facilities to Cuba and South America. · -GEORGE H. CUTTERN, President. :,. .... . . "I look upon co-operators as the salt of the .working men ."-Ch·arles · Kingsley. "Of all the ag~ncies which ·are at · work to elevate those who labo r with their hands, thert! is none sci promising as the present co-operative moverrient."-John Stuart Mill. • •• Kalamazoo Co-operative Society Our organization was started early in the Spring by a few people who have given the matter much thought and study for several years, and after acquainting themselves thoroughly with the plans which proved most successful in England. It seemed. a psychological time for starting such an enterprise when all the necessities of life were steadily adnncing. Sub~cription cards were circulated calling for paym~nt only when 300 shares had been subscribed (at $1 0 per share) and 200 members secured, the desire being to secure a membership large and loyal enough to support the store fr9m the start by their purchases, so that we should not depend vety largely upon tr~n sienl trade. A sklre was secured centrally loca ted in the up-town district and a pro_gressive manager hired who was experienced in the retail grocery business. The · store was opened for business on April 16th, and for the balance of the month did a business of a little less than $2000 .. The total business for the first quarter or ten weeka (not counting the first two eeks in April) was in excess of $17,000, the June sales alone being more than $9000, and \he stock of goods being turned over llbout five times' in· that period of ten weelts. ' · OUr· present n{embenhip is something over 300 .and we are adding •hnut.. ·seven to ten ew ones udt~ week, practiclllly ·all of the soliciting The co-operative movement which has played the role of a decisive factor in the latest crisis wil be felt as the most powerful constructive force in all the further developments of the Russian revolution: This is force in al the further developments of the Russian revolution. This is the only social movement which reaches almost every Russian village and repre_sents the real spiri t of the country. Not long ago the Russian c.0,:9pera hve movement celebrated its fifty years anniversary, and it was calculated that a t ·that moment there .were over 35,000 co-operative organiza tions in Russia, with a membership of almost 12,000,000. Co-operation is most prevalent among . the peasants and every member of a co-operative organization represents a whole family. We_ cannot but accept the estimate offered by the present Secretary ' of Supphes, _Mr. Prokopovitch, who is a recognized authority on the Russian co-opera t~ve movem~nt,_ that the total actual membership of the Russian co -opera hve · o rgamzahons approaches 60,000,000. Modem armies, which ~re . numerically much smaller than the above figure, are often, and qmte JUstly, spoken of as an "armed people." What shall we say then abou t the a rmy of the Russian co-operative movement, which numbers in its ranks ab_o ut one-!hird of the great country's total population! The recent Ru s~ra? elec hons resulted in practically complete victory for the hberal Soctahst element, with the elimination of radicals of' both r~ac ti o n ary and revolutionary tendencies. One phenomenon of the elechon, h owev~r, was the.. _sel_ection of a. vast number of officials wtihout any party affihahon and therr mRuence · wrll be great in shaping affairs in the new rep'!hlic.- Seattle "Union Record."' \ I ·- Upton S i n·c lair's A MONTH~GAZINE: For a Clean Peace and the Internation. Price Ten Cents a Copy. $1 a Year Ten Yearly Subscriptions for $5. IJI Because this is the greatest crisis in human history, and because I have something of importance to say about it, I have begun the publication of a magazine. tj If in the past anything that I have written has brought pleasure or enlightenment to you, I ask you now to read what I have lei say in this magazine. fl If you can't risk a subscription, drop me a card for a sample copy free. UPTON SINCLAIR 1497 Sunset'" Avenue; Pasadena, California j 'f . ( - , ~·-....-t''· .-.:-·· ... �----. / I Page thirty-two The We , _Cof!.ar-ade' · · [~conS: ... By D. Bobspa 1EN COMMANDMENTS OF SOCIALISM By Robert Addison Darue I. Thou shalt not own for profit the crude or ·raw materi~ls provided by Nature such as lands, water, fuel, minerals, air, sunlight, elec tricity, and other public necessities and utilities, which all the people must use to live. These should be owned by the people collectively. II. SiY. days shalt thou labor. at some useful occupation, with head or hands, and receive the full value of thy toil; and thou shalt not steal from others the rewards of their labor by means of speculation, monopoly, stock-watering, interest, rent, nr profits. IlL Thou shalt not worship PROFITS as thy God (because profits is the getting of values from others wi thout rendering ar equivalent therefor). Thy God shall be Infinite Intelligence, whose attributes are justice, wisdom and love. IV. Thou shalt keep seven days of each week holy by dealing justly with thy fellowmen and doing unto all others as thou wouldst that they should do unto thee. V. Thou shalt honor thy father and mother, also all men and women and shall provide pensions for all whose age exceeds sixty years, sufficient for their support thP remaining years of their life. VI. Thou shalt provide maternity homes for all prospective mothers. VII. Thou shalt not require children to work in shops. mmes, or mills, or other industries, but shall send them to school , where they may be educated free of expense to themselves. VIII. Thou shalt promote and maintain the equal social, political, and religious righ ts and privi leges of men and women alike. IX. Thou shalt have unrestricted liberty to enjoy such religion as thy conscience approves (if it is not detrimental to the public welfare) and thou shalt defend the right of all others to the same privilege; and thou shalt at all times defend the people's right to freedom of speech, free assemblage, a free press, free public schools. and religious liberty. X. Thou shalt by thy ballot and by all other legal means a t thy command, do all thou canst do to abolish the co.mpetitive system o.f industrialism, under which, for profit, men compete, contenC:, cheat, fi ght, rob, and kill 1 HIS GOOD COMRADE DAGUE _Spiritualism; contains the modem beatitudes of the twin forces of So.,. cialism and Spiritualism. · Th~re i~ _a lofty, inspired lone to l~e chapters of _this volume; a beauty I and stmphctty of language; and the smcerity of a noble soul. The writer has produced his masterpiece here. It is distinctly a book for AIL people. None but would profit by its~ study. The simple faith-knowledge based upon scientific demonstration, the result of a life of service for humanity; the cumulative knowledge of a figure cast in heroic mold" is here condensed into inspired paragraphs of a message devotional, practical and prophetic. ~ MAGAZINE TALK "The Dead Line" for J anuary begins the second 'lap of its career with a bang-up style tha t is most satisfying to the newspaper profession and the writing fraternity in generaL But it is worth while for general circulation as an educative journaL If you want an intimate view ~f the men who write your papers, magazines and books-views penned by themselves- you can gel it nowhere outside ot "The Dead Line." De Lysle Ferree Cass is big chief of the enterprise ~nd without him we who write would be without this friendly organ. Cass is 100. percent there. There with both feet, willing to live an ideal and with the grit and brains to make · good at it.. I have been asked to accept a pface on the advisory board of this magazine. Glad to accept, for a man like Cass and a magazine like "The Dead Line" is worthy of any man's most earnest support. It is a magazine deluxe. But it's on solid earth. ( 189 West Madison Street, Chicago, Ill.) · • • • Two supp ressed essays of David Hume, to be found only in · a small edition of 1773, are reprinted in the December number of "The Open Court." Dr. Paul Carus, editor, secured a book from the Yale Univer-. sity Library to copy these long-suppressed essays on "Suicide'' and "On the Immortality of the SouL" Another interesting contribution along sim· :Jar lines is General Von Moltkc's dissertation, "Consoling Thoughts on Earthly Existence a:nd Con fidence in an Eternal ·Life." The religious views of this stern old German officer .are somewhat of a surprise. Taken with Humes essay, we have the opposing sides of an imporl'!nt topic, as viewed by the past generation. The same issue of "The Open Court" contains an illustrated article on the rubber industry, showing the gathering of the rubber from the trees; also a valuable paper, "Speculation in Science and Philosophy,': by John Wright Buckham. The magazine sells at ten cen ts a copy. • • • "The Little Review" for December lies on my desk. I have read all of it. It "isn't always so bad as it sometime\ is" and the absence of picture~ The above commandments are a part of the newes t book from that is a welcome relief. Even my benighed b-rain is able to extract some grand o.ld fi ghter for Socialism and Spiritualism, R. A. Dague. Comrade Dague, 'for ten years hopelessly bed-ridden, shut-in , is as optimistic and I pleasure from some of the selections, but, as low in the scale of intelligence to me. But I'll not knock any more. I like to read the magazine, for enthusiastic at seventy-seven as he was forty years ago, when he began there is more than enough stimulation in it io pay for it. Some original a national ..career as a Spiritualist writer. as it may brand me, I have yet to see anything in Ezra Pound that appeals These Ten Commandments of Socialism arc from his vital book, " The musical criticisms by Margaret Anderson, contributions from Ezra Pound; Twentieth 'Centut y Bible." Get it, comrades. It is published by The May Sinclair, Wyndham Lewis, Louis Gilmore, Hart Crane and Israel Solon; Progressive Thinker Publishing House, I 06 Loomis Street, Chicago, Ill. and some translations from the Chinese poet, Po Chu I, are included The price is 75 cents, postpaid. 1l1e little book can be carried in the pocket, and it will pay all comrades to have it close at hand to study often. inside the brilliant covers. I have no quarrel with those who like the There have been many bibles, none of them final or infallible. Dr. esoteric in modern art ... Dague, scholar, lawyer, writer, lawmaker, editor, and comrade, standing MORE "KIDBOOKS" at the apex of a long, active and useful career, has felt "the fires of Bob has had me read his "Kidbooks' this week : has listened to them inspiration in writing this Twentieth Century Bible. It is one of the from his mother; called upon his auntie to read them, and still demands truly significant books of the age. ,r a rehearing of the case. These two little .b ooks are really splendid stories Senator Dague is one of the rarest comrades of our times, like Debs for children-"Nixie Bunny in Faraway Lands" and "The Teenie Weenies." and .Phifer, a forerunner of he better day. For the past few years I In "Nixie Bunny" many interesting facts are learned of foreign peoples have been trying to bring before the Socialist, labor and radical forces and other lands. The Bunny gentleman and his following of rabbits eaten the spiritual message of the new era of Humanism. This is the work these men have been doing. Comrades will do well to examine the stirring and hold the attention of the child. As supplementary readers in school appeals of Eugene V. Debs in this light; to get in touch with the work of or for individual children in the home, the "Nixie Bunny" series are amontl Lincoln Phifer in his magazine, "The New World"; and · by all means the best to be found. They are written \>y Joseph C. Sindelar. to study, to own and cherish, R. A. Dague's Twentieth Century Bible. · A dose second in interest is William Donahey's "The Teenie Wea¥s." Comrade Dague writes me that his religion is Socialism; that Spiritualism Seventy color pictures and a few verses help to · make the 'doings of'ihe is a science. Many of ' the world's clearest thinkers have felt and freely wee bit folks of interest. The Teenies do what moll children do. expressed this idea-Lincoln, Wallace, Longfellow, Bryant, Whittier, Both these books sell for 45 cents . each. They are clean, wholaome, Greeley, William Lloyd Garrison, and hundreds upon hundreds more of educational and entertaining material. (Beckley-Cardy Co., 312 Raadolpb ., lheir type. His Twentieth Century Bible ~ves the ten commandments of Street, OUcago, Ill.) · ~ \ \ . I -· -~~-. i ~ ..\ ..\ �The Western Comrade Moonlight (Continued from Page 13) had an open honesty, and his kindness permitted no satire. Hu humor and spon\aneity were always bubbling up and ....... _ sparking in grey-blue eyes that had a ·dean, young look. His voice was free and firm, of the out-doors, with a · freshness untouched by cynicism; a happy voice always--and sometimes so tender! His whole face was g<¥><1 to look upon. There was not a line in it to tell of an unclean deed or thought. His skin had a glow that proclaimed regular habits, and his hair was crisp and virile, and yet boyishly soft. And he was tall, broad, well-knit, powerful-his tenderness being the more tender because it came from strength. But looking it all over dispassionately, she saw that her f~th~r was right. Joe was as good as far as he went-<>nly he d1dn t go far enough. At school, she had learned to require more depth in a man. Yet, no one else she had met could supply the thrill that Joe's presence had always given. ·No one else by his absence could give her that sense of emptiness, nor could the approach of anybody else send the blood to her creeks, the gladness through her veins. Must she admit to herself, that what she had considered "love" two years before, was only physical attraction? She shuddered. The thought · was disgusting. Such an emotion was henceforth to be ruled out of her life-so she had decreed after she had understood the matter from her reading. . And yet, as ~he stood there in the wonder of the evening, m her was surgmg the world-old call of love. Was it physical love? Or the esthetic love of the nature-world about her? She could not know. She looked about her again at the dewey beauty of a night, glorified by the rising moon. The same moon that had given her the same feeling two years before! In the magic of that moon, she could surrender as gl~dly as she had surrendered, in those days before she had gamed the knowledge that left her knowing as little as she had before. The sweetness of those days came rushing back to her. How much meant the old pasture gate with its overhanging elms? How often she had met him there in the summer e':emngs on a Sund~y, when he came down from his home a ~~1~ away! :Sometimes he would be walking-sometimes ndmg. She hked the riding best. It was romantic to hear the cl<'pe, elope of horses' hoofs, pounding at a dead run for a Jong wa~ up the road. She could tell just when he would slow d?~· d1sm.ount, come over to the gate. She would always be h1ding behmd the tree, and he would always pretend to wait : for her, as though he did not know she was there! But the dearest secret had been the letters, in the crack of ·the old weathered gate post. Every evening he would leave t note there, and every morning, gathering fresh flowers for ~e house she would pass, get it, and hide a letter there for h!m. No matter how hard he worked all day, how late at mght he had to come, she never failed to find a message How faithful he had been then! Was he now? And did h~ think of her-<>f her ..love that would never die?.. The mo~n swam out of a cloud, and the golden light ga· e re~hty to t~e ~ene. The hedges opposite, along the shunmered lJl ~tlver, and_the gray fence posts glowed ~ey \!lele lost m the distance. The breeze stirred tmm the elms. It had been just like this the last night together here-the night before her father told her They had talked of her leaving for coiJege next even the thought of Josing Lim then Lad 6Ded her Sbe livecl over that scene as she Lad • tLe his arms-the warmth of his cheek. "Joe-Joe,. she murmul" ed again and again. A sound in the distance roused her. She smiled at her own foolishness at a sudden fancy, but slie permitted her fingers to stray down the crack of the old post. She felt something stiff. She started, hastily withdrawing her hand. -Then, feeling again, her incredulous fingers produceed to view in the moonlight-an envelope. She burned, and her heart pounded away-it seemed as loud as horses' hoofs in the distance. She paused, listening, her fingers crushing the paper nervously. It was the sound of hoofs! Nearer and nearer it came. She slipped behind the trunk of the old elm. Nearer. faster-as fast as Joe used to come. She almost expected the rider lo slow up, just behind the curve in the road as Joe had. He ,was slowing up. Again she felt her pulses pounding. She shrank back further in terror, ?S she heard the horse fall into a trot, then walk, then stop m front of the gate. Someone was getting off. Cold fear held her breath. At night-out of call of the house! Footsteps approached the gate and stopped. She heard a fumbling. A suppressed voice muttered, "Fool! Someone might find that." A moment of silence. Then the voice: "Gone!" The expression was. one of dismayed surprise, repeated blankly, almost a question. She heard the gate creak. The chain was being unfastened. A man's figure came inside and leaned over the post She could see the outlines in the moonlight. Her heart had quite stopped now. The man stood still with bowed head. At last he said in scarcely audible tones:· "Jim, you don't know you're here to night, but you are." . Suddenly he wheeled around, for a cry had escaped the g1rl. She came out of the shadow and stood before him He head whirled, and the words he heard seemed unreal: . "Joe! Joe! You didn't know I was here -tonight, but I am." For a moment tfiey--stood, trying to beli'eve their senses. For a mom~nt _the moon seemed to shine more brightly on their faces, hghtmg them beyond doubt. , The shadows of the leaves wavered uncertainly. . And the light faded, as the shadows of the figures blended mto each qther. To Our Readers WHAT FEATURES IN THE WESTERN COMRADE AND IN TilE LLANO COLONIST DO YOU LIKE TO READ BEST? \~'hat one thing in ~ach of the Llano Publications appeals to you mot!? Wluch do you ~rsl ":!sh to read when you pick up the magazine or the newspaper; Is ~I lichon? Is it. lhe articles on some phase of the Soc:ialist mo-:ement. Is 11 the .conlnbuhons of general and non-Socialist interet I? Is 11 the. monthly arhcle describing the activities of lhe Llano del Rio Co-operahve Colony? Is it the no let on co-operation, the reviews of books, or Comrade Harriman '• editorials ? . Write at once. Tell us the three kinds of maller which you like mo.t ~n the WESTERN COMRADE, in the order of what you consider their unportance. _'MUle we have. we believe, a . fair idea of what our readers like, we Wish to proceed upon more cklinlle and accurate information. Let us hear from you as soon as possible. -THE llANO PUBLICATIONS. - - o - - -· ~~erlbe A Pouiltle &up ' children, if y- want to leam 1111ylhing wdl JDII _ , -t:...... Boy (at the foot of.....~)-"lfqw about ~ ~r . �The Page ·thirty-four Towards Autocra-cy Freedom of Western Comrade Speech (Continued from ~age I 0) ·.... 0.i1 : . :3\~ r these quotations: <tre ·men in all countries who get their living by war,· and by keeping· up the quarrels of nations, is as shocking as it is true; ~twhen those who are concerned in the governmen~ of a co~ t:r make it their ~tudy ~0 sow aiscord and cultivate preJU ces between nations, It become~ the more unpardonable. . "There are thousands··who live by war; it is their harvest, and thr clamor which these people keep up in the newspapers and conversation passes unsuspiciously for the voice of the people, and it is not until the mischief is done that the deception is discovered." The above statements are not culled from current Socialist lit~rature. The were written more than a century ago by the man who was ·the first to urge American independence, who was bter banished from England for his defence of the Rights of Man, and who was then elected a member of. the F reuch Convention in recognition of his services to humanity-Thomas Paine. His wide experience in international affairs invests his utterances on such a matter with authority. Though written upwards of a hundred years ago, Paine's observations apply with even greater force today. The hope had been nurtured that the present war would produce so strong a feeling of revulsion among the people's of Europe and America that in the future they would utterly reject everything that made for war. But Instead, here in Americ<". military schemes so reactionary that three years ago no man in public life could afford frankly to espouse them, are being gravely discussed by our great newspapers and pompous statesmen as the future law of the land. We already have war-time conscription. We now have the prospective introduction into Congress of a bill designed to establish a comprehensive system of compulsory military service. In a land that we are credibly informed was "con~ ceived in liberty and dedicated to the propostlon that all men are credited equal," we are in danger of being stampeded ito adopting a system that would make liberty a distant hope, and would transform the semblance of democracy that we enjoy into something more than a semblance of oligarchy. The creation of tremendous armies perpetually training. to destroy each other! The pyschological effect of su.ch a condition in engendering national antagonisms would be difficult to over-estimate. Conscription is the friend of princes, not people's. It is the natural enemy of liberty. Its songs are the songs of hate. It plays into the hands of the forces of reaction. Its end is not peace, but war. Fervently praying for peace, we feverishly work for war. It is like longing for a sight of the pastures of peace, yet in~isting on hoarding a train that is bound for the city. of strife: - ALEC W. WATKINS " '!.)·,,: l !;ere :)(. :to :)(. Some Hat-At That With a wild sweep the wind lorearound a sudden comer and removed .the hat from the head of a respectable and nera-sighted citizen who · chanced to be paning. Peering wildly round, the man thouhgt he saw his hat in a yard, behind a high fence. Hastily climbing over, h~ started to chase it, but each time . he. thaught he had caught it, it got yet another move · on. Then .a wom~'s angry voic~ broke on ·his ears. · "What are you c:loing there?" she demanded shrilly. He explained mildfy that he was only trying to retrieve his hat. Where· upo'n ! tlie woman said, in wonder: ''Your h't} Well, l don't know where it is, but that's our little blaclt. ,, hen your·~ c;tlaainJ."-"Womllll't Jo\'mal." . ..... -:-- their blood ran? Is it no permanent harm that tens of thousand of people have bent to coercion and so lost a part of that pride in' . their own strength which is essential to : good citizenship? Is it no harm that the. temporary differences between a great leader a~d some of the most liberal elements m the ~ounlry has already been"' made permanent? And finally, in the conduct of the war itself, is it no hartn that the man who cries for the extermination of every German s_trengthens the morale of the Kaiser's armies with each word; while tho'se who could most readily convince the Germans that not all the United States is lighting for territorial or industrial conquest because they would not have warred at all are treated as ctiminals, both by our · government and our people? ,. ,. ,. Co-operation promotes independence, prevents pauperism and helps people to rise above the demoralizing influence of charitable gifts. Its conslan! aim is to give hopefulness to workingmen,. lessen the inequalities that exist, and to diffuse more evenly and more humanely the luxuries and wealth of he world.-British-Canadian Co-operative Society. Can I Afford It? How many times a day do you have to slop and ask that question? You would like a nice house to live in; you would like good clothes to wear; you would like good food to eat; you would like to travel; you would like to have some pleasure in life. You want all these things, but continually we of the work· ing class who produce all these things must stop and ask: "Can we afford it?" · And ninety-nine times out of a hundred the answer is, "No, we cannot afford it." So we either go without or we live in a hovel, wea' shoddy clothes, eat cheap food, travel on fool, and sneak an occasional dime for a picture show. And why? The workers made it all. We build the houses, grow "the wheat, feed the cattle, weave the cloth. We have made all of the things which we cannot afford to buy. Did you ever slop and ask why? ·Why don't you slop and ask why? Wouldn't you like to know? It is because we have power and don't know how to use it. Never was a wiser word .said than J. A. Wayland's statement: ..To remain ignorant is to remain a slave." There is just one thin(l you cannot afford to do without, and that is an education. When the workers KNOW and realize their power, they will live in the houses they have built. wear the clothes they have woven, eat the food they have prepared. If you want to help yourself to all of these things, begin today to complete ·your education. The People's College belongs to the working class. Let us help you gel that education. Clip the coupon below and mail it to us today. Put a cross before the course you are interested in: MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY. PEOPLE'S COLLEGE, FORT SCCOTI, KANSAS Dear Comrades :- Please send the Course which I have marked ............ Law ............ Plain English ............Advanced English ............Public Speaking ............ Commercial Law ............Penmanship me full information concerning with a cross. .., .........Elementary Arithmetic ............Advanced Arithmetic ............Elementary Bookkeeping .............Complete Bookkeeping ............Shorthand .............Algebra �Com ra,de fainting onto the Speaker•s desk. Her features were Kurned " and one leg was broken. Occasionally she would rai.e her head as though <to -speak. .-- · (Contifmed from Page ' 25..) A great .silence fell ove't the august gathering. No one · · ones -began to assert the~selves. · Small irritations. grew to dared to move. "At last, with a supreme effort, Carrie raised herself 'up on . great ones; old scores were remembered; and, being armed · to the teeth it was easy to guess the answer. And, sure one leg, and clearing her· throat, began: "Father," she gasped, "50mething has gone wrong. When enough, trouble broke out i'n all directions. · Red war was ablaze all ov.er the world in less than two weeks. The sight J left' her~ I .~as full of your wonderful messa,.ge, I startled was sublime. The I;:.nglish at the time had a greater fleet of out to deliver 1t, but I seemed to be .speaking ouf of turn, for Dreadnaughts than the Germans and utterly annihilated the I found few who cared to listen. "And then came the great struggle for that ·fool ·island-it latter, and the great fleet of Zeppelins was torn to pieces in· a was awful, tlioligh even I, a sentimental woman, could under· storm while trying to invade the British Isles. The Agragarians · of Mexico took advantage of the with- . stand the importance of it; but now that it's all nver I've drawal of foreign money from mii.itary .despotism ~md easily liurried back tn you with a sad tale-the island has disappear· won back their lands, which they were about to divide, when ed again!" "Gone!" shrieked the American delegate. "My God! sowe planted Mexicans on the border raided an American . town, and of course, the government had to f.end troops intg Carrie, what do you mean~" But Ca~ri.e had begun to giggle hys~ricafly and she to..und that country to show the rebels their places. · · By the end o.f December every count.ry in the world was it ·difficult to gD on. However, betwe~n laughs she managed to tell them -that prostrate from exhaustion except Great Britain and America, while America put all her eggs into a new type called the Fear- when she was hurrying back to the conference and w~s about nit class. It was exactly opposite to the British Dreadnaughts. half way a~ross the Atlantic she heard a terrible noise belo'f Though quite as large, it had thousands of small guns of tre~ her. Lookmg down she saw Atlantis disappearing aaain into · o • mendous energy. Everything vital to the ship was sub- the Atlantic. ' "As I passed over the spot," she said, "where once the m~rged·· -even the guns being worked from below. The superstructure was built of pines, like their military masts. Thus proud flag of America floated from the top of the battlethey could run close to the cumbersome big vessels and pour scarred mountain, I saw rising to the surface, bubbles- some in a fire as from a thousand hoses-at the same time present red, some white, and some blue. I'd never seen any bubbles a skeleton battle front to the enemy. They claimed that even before-oh •.they were beautiful! But when I began to think though the big guns should strike them, the projectile would about that island I began to laugh, and say, I thought I'd die pass right through, and at its worst, carry away only twenty before I got here. I could'nt hold my sides and fly. too. To think-- " or thirty small guns. But she went off into peals of laughter she cnuld1' 't control. These fleets did not meet until January tenth. The battle Finally, she just rolled over and died. · was .. fought off the New Atlantic an~ lasted two days. The Did they bury her? din and roar was awful. Ship after ship on both sides sank Jhey did not. They just P"t her back in the pictures, on with all on board. The end of the first day found the Union the tomb.tones, and on . the letterheads of the Peace societies. Jack floating over the island-now cool enough to land on. However, the victory was temporary, for the next morning the · Americans, in a splendid exhibition of seamanship and · marksmanship, managed to send the last of the' British vessels to its doom. w At the end of the battle only one American ship remained By R. A. Dag n· · afloat, and it immediately raised the 'Stars and Strips over the "Every pago of it holds spirit~:al ref•• , t. conquered island. sou),:'- Eugene V. Debs. No sooner had the small boat returned from its patriotic Price 75c labor and the news flashed to America than the ·great ship 1 · began to settle- and almost before they knew what was hapAddress : Tl-16 PROGRE~S!" pening the huge creature pitched forward and with one tre106 Loom:s Str<"•l. 1"\.: . mendous plunk sank to the bottom of the sea. · - This battle wa•s the closing scene of the war. Americ;~ w;1< ---aclrnowledged ~he victor in the greatest war of all time. :>ncl -~~----'-----·- - ··----though the sacrifice had been great the wize was worth it. . A new Peace Conference was called at The Hague to ne1'\ 0 \'' I~ . r. gotiate a treaty. It was a very different gathering than the I :\ S T .\ L \ 1 [ \ ·1 one held only six short months ago. Bent and broken in spirit, the delegates filed up to the Speaker's desk and signed the covenant for their respective countries that gave to America , the prize. They knew now that the Great Republic was su. preme and would arrogantly dominate the trade of the world. But as the last name was signed to the treaty a wonderful fJ Write a letter to the Membership Department. commotion arose, for it was noticed that Carrie Pax was flapand learn what your support means at this time. ping· violently against a large stained glass window of AnMembership Department : drew Carnegie. In his excitement an Irish member hurled a LLANO D£L RIO COLONY book right through the Tiffany features of the great Peace ·and Carrie staggered into the hallowed temple. Stabl.es, Louisiana ·KI!'cwtllde·r ed ~nd weak, she flapped aimlessly. about, trying a mural painting with a hole in it. Finally she flopped Tlie Painted Pigeon I The Twentieth Centurv Bib!F r:. ·. . WHY? If. �Tlae Page thirty-siX I..ouisiana-ing un-de . Luxe(Continued from tPage- 17)' crew had supper we decided to go out a short distance and camp for the night, and get an early start for El Paso. Leaving Deming with its lights, music and gaiety after nine o'clock, we crossed the bridge which was guafded· by soldiers. We were stopped. When they saw our banners they volunteered the information that a similar-car passed a few minutes ahead of us, which left word that EI Paso was the next objective point, nearly one hundred miles ahead. We had already traveled 150 miles, but we felt fresh and strong. After a consultation we decided to go on. We then started over 1;Jnknown roads, with very poor lights. Our lights were execrable. It was impossible to distinguish anything fifty feet ahead. Ten miles from Deming, Enoc decided to go to the left. We refused to follow, and bore to the right. We could see his light zigzagging back a·nd forth as we gained the track and · began paralleling it. In a few minutes we overtook a broken down car and was about to pass when we thought we recognized Abe's red cap in the faint glare of the headlight. We halted and found they had attempted to fix a tire· until th~y were exhausted. We gave them a tire. Soon they were ready and we decided to travel all night, if necessary, to reach El Paso. A light to the left glaring steadily proved to be Enoc's car which raced toward us and crossed the track a half mile ahead.. We quickly overtook him and told him our intention. With approving yells from Suhre and the Van Nulands, we set out pell-mell on one of the wildest and most eerie rides of the trip. Shadows and shapes of things crossed the road. Bushes suddenly appeared right in front of us and then disappeared. Occasionally yuccas leaned toward us as if to bar our progress, then suddenly 'swung back and let us pass. Imaginary animals ran into the road and openings appeared only to disappear when we were on them. On we went, up grades, down g•1lches, over ruts and around bends. The shadows still bothered and caused us to' slow down for imaginary horses and steers. Winding down a perfect road it 2 a.m., we crossed the Rio Grande on a steel bridge; and then began picking our way through tall rushes, jet darkness everywhere. We could hear the water rushing but could not see-the black road only ' intensified the impenetrable ghrom. At 2: 30 we ,arrived at a· place we thought was the suburbs of El Paso. It proved to be Las Cruces, New Mexico. We ·fumbled· a bit in getting out of Las Cruces, which got us all in a disagreeable state of mind. Each wanted to take a different road. At last we got on the Borderland highway which leads to El Paso. The road seemed to rush, as a wall, toward us. It seemed upgra~. yet the road was perfectly level. Trees on the side loomed large and menacing; sentinels crossed and recrossed; fantastical bands of sheep got in the way; droves of cattle barred progress, and continually came and went. The road appeartd to be ever turning to the right just beyond the range of the fitful light. Places so narrow it seemed impossible to wedge through, opened up when we got there and the same MPe roads stretched on. The. lights were getting lower and dimmer. Wavering from side to side, Babb would suddenly waken, straighten up, mutter something, then relapse into silence and sleep again. ; At last he confessed }le coul<ln't stay awake and I got over in his place. The car speeded up. Almost iminediately we were in total darkness, the engine died, and the silence of the night settled down and the mist dropped dismally from the ifamp trees. Jess whizzed past and disappeared -in the inky Weat,era Co.ar•d• blackness. We were left alone, miserable, tired, nerves frayed and irritable. and .ready fight our nearest and dearest. Afte'" several sullen attempts io 'Start, we abandoned the effort. Bal5b and I curled up in the blankets and immediatel:r. fell asleep. Bruel and Kenney ~efused, and walked the liigb'!ay till daylight, expressing unmentionable thin..ss in the mean- to time. At daybreak we again attempted to start the engine, but it was eleven o'clock ~fore we succeeded"in making it run on two cylinders. Thus we got to El Paso at 3 p. m., break- · fastless, dinnerless, and quite exhausted. We stayed _two days in El Paso, enjoying the southern sights, and left late on Monday afternoon, leaving Enoc and Monahan behind. We camped that night at Fabens, twentynine miles east. We passed through the pretty and up-to-date Abilene and after many experiences of one sort and another, ·arrived at Fort Worth, the great soldier city of the southwest. Thousands of soldiers could be seen. After getting a comprehensive view of the place, we started for Dallas, thirty-five miles beyond. We stayed overnight at Dallas. Eno<: and Jess were · ahead, Monahan behind. In · the morning we left for Shreveport, La., 21 S miles eastward. In the afternoon we overtook Jess who had broken down. We ate supper together, and decided to leave.him a~d travel as far as the good roads lasted. The roads got better, the weather pleasant. We traveled on through the night and at midnight decided to reach Shreveport. The ride was delightful, as fine roads run through the great forests. Leaving Shreveport next morning, we got directions to Stables, from our good friend the Ford man, and setting out on the Jefferson highway, began the last part of the journey. Magnificent pine forests appeared and we understood why Lo4isiana is famous for her lumber industry. Imagine our delight when we met Job Harriman and George Deutsch, some forty miles from the colony, on their way to • Shreveport I The way was through forests and over dim trails. But we managed it safely, and arrived at the colony after dark on December 4th, and were cordially and vociferously greeted by the big crowd on the hotel porch. Thus ended our epoch-making and ever-to-be-remembered trip of 2305 miles from Llano, California, to Stables, !-ouis. " tana. "Shall J. P. Morgan Own The Earth?" -a booklet which PROVES, by photographecl extracts from 1111 official U. S. Government Report, that the Morgan wealth ud power are twenty times greater than realizecl. How Morgu (after the war) c1111 manipulate a ""panic""; then buy cheaply cofttrol of all vital industries; dispossess YOU of wealth; reduce MILLIONS to abject slavery. How he keeps knowledge of this power suppressecl; how newspapen are controllecl; covernments and legislatures corruptecl. Price 50 cent.-and your money back if not satisfiecl that the information given is' well worth the price. Descriptive circular, teatimooial., ek:., free. Agents want eel. Address: JACK PANSY, Publisber, P.O. Box LC-307, Crud Rapids, ltic.. M WANTED.-BOOKS for the Colony Library; · Fiction. Boc!la for OUidren, ~tc., Address: Editor. Weatem Comrade, I �Page ihirty•tevea Pierre (Continued from Page 18) ·- intact, and you can see. You are much better of{. than most fellows here." ' "Lam Pierre!" he explained. But the doors closed in his face. f Pierre felt the tragedy of being .a man, for formerly he was a ·god, though a hideous, a mocked gOd. He was hungry, and he begged for 'work, but there were even now too many workers, and Pierre'~ hands, old and soft, could do nothing of value. Pierre grew thin and aged, and he could no longer drag his leg. He sat at the cross-roads, his hand outstretched, and whined. Nobody paid attention to him. Some murmured, "the lazy one!" others, "the shamless one, to beg of poor people." And Pierre stretched out his hand less and less, and whined more and more feebly. And one day he lay down, at full length, and he seemed to have grown much taller, and much straighter, and he died of starvation and loneliness. He was buried among the heroes of the war, for they had forgotten who he was, and the priest made a long sermon Oll;;,.heroism and sacrifice. Latter Day Saint-ism - (Continued from Pase II) ----:-----:---:- relative to Christ and His mission and led away from the truth, will have an opportunity in the world to come of accepting Christ as their Lord and King and becoming members of His church by approving the proxy work done by friends and relatives who are living, whose "hearts have been turned to their father's," etc. (Malachi, Chapter 4, verses 5:6). This is in line with I Peter, 4:6, "For this cause was the Gospel preached also to them that are dead that they might be judged according to men in the flesh but live according to God in the ~~ - Latter Day Saints believe "in the literal gathering of Israel and in the restoration of the Ten Tribes; that Zion will be built upon tnis continent, that Christ will reign personally upon the earth, and that the earth will be renewed and receive its paradisiacal glory." To the end that this shall be accomplished, they lend their sympathy and moral aid to the Hebrew in his epdeavors to regain the promised land of Palestine; to make of themselves a nation of free men. Thus it is self-evident that "Mormonism" so-called, has not been instituted for selfish purposes wherein a few men shall exploit the whole for their own aggrandizement, but it is for the good of all men, rich and poor, bound and free·, living and dead. This, in brief, tells -something of the organization, doctrines, and inner workings of the Church. Its purpose is not only to make converts to its theology, but to establish brotherhood among the sons of men. It teaches that Amercia is the land of Zion and the land of promise spoken of in the old scriptures. · That the law which shatl eventually govern the whole earth will go forth from America; that the Constitution was God-inspired and the spirit of that act has gone abroad in all _-the world, modifying, shaping, and directing the governments thereof. When the spirit of "Mormonism" is fully understood and lived, there will be no more war, no more oppressl'on of , the hirelin'g in his wage, no more robbing the widow of her - rights. Then men will find a brother and a friend in all Ian& and have equal rights out on the seas and "under the sun." · In .achieving this, Mormonism expects to play ·its full part, :1bltint:aininK and believing that aside- from the Gospel of the _ ...... -··~· Christ there can be nothing that is desirable. praise- worthy or of good report; that it circumscribes all good arid eschews all evil; that in order· for the innate selfishness of · men -to be overcome, so when dothed upon with a little brief authority he will not exercise unjust dominion over his fel- . lows, as manifested in bewildered Russia and ' bleed.ing Europe today, there must be a deep-seated religious conviction that Jesus is the Christ and that men must serve him if true peace and brotherhood obtains. It is this conviction in the past that has made martyrs of -men for freedom's cause and that will wei,? nations into one. homogeneous whole, thus us)lering in the Messianic dispensation a Theocratic Government, with Christ as King and the people so11ereign. "The Truth~ Abol,lt The Medical Professio~" By John A. Bevan, M. D. Columbia University (Inventor of the <Esophagoscope) Paper Bound, Postpaid Price FiftJ. c!eata The result of clinical and pathological researches at Guy's Hospital, London, and the Bellevue Hospital, New York. BENEDICT LUST, ·N. D., D. 0., D. C., M. D., writes: "The book is splendid and will. help to enlighten many skeptics who £till believe in medical superstition." Prof. DAVID STARR JORDAN, M. D~ writes: Ml have looked over the book called 'The Truth About the Medical Profession.' There are a great many things that are forcelul and truthfully said." · GEORGE BERNARD SHAW writes: ''There are some quite interesting and important things in the book.'' LLANO PUBLICATIONS, STABLES, LOUISIANA "Something for nothing is the curse of the age.''-job Harriman The Equitist discusses the Source of the Power to get something for nothing, and shows how to destroy that power. It will interest you whether you agree or not. 1 W~ekly. $1 a year; $1.50 to foreign ceuntries. Sample on request. Edited and published 'l.y W. E. Brokaw, Longbranch, · Washington. · A B S E N T M E M B E R _S INSTALMENT MEMBERS WHERE ARE YOU? rwe want to g~t the address of every instalment member and every absent member of the Llano del Rio .Colony. Many have not kept us informed of their whereabouts . We' have information of importance for every instalment member. and absent member. Readers of this notice are asked to anist us in getting in touch with these pero4>s. We want. to communicate with them at once. Membership Department: LLANO DEL RIO COLOKY Stables, Louisiana / �Co Page thirrf-eigbt Was Schmidt Guilty? ,{Continued fro~ P.age 29) Direct Mail Advertiser's Reference Book , Just from the press. A practical business encyclopedia for the direct mail advertiser. Covers entire field in its relation to your business. The following partial table of contents shows ~orne of the reasons why you should send for a complimentary copy of this valuable reference book: f'The economical efficiency of Direct Mo.il Advertising.'~ · ' f' How to multiply your ability, experience and energy." t' Art, lithographing, and color printing club plan." f'How Purchasing Departments us e Mailing Lists.' ~ !'The comparative value of 1c and zc posta ge .'' f'Map graphic charts: population, agriculture, live sto~k . etc.'~ !'Testing new plans and policies." f' Analytical ad"ertising and sales promotion." f' Picture gallery of reasons why.'~ f' Dealer help su gges tions.'~ !'Helping your salesmen." t' How I found my livest prospects in five minutes." Brice for the first · time at Mrs. Lovin;s house. That Brice came there with Mrs. Ingersoll an!:l the doctor. That he did not telephone Brice• . before that da:r. That he was never .at tht< Ar'" gonaut hotel. That he was never in the ·?flice of the Giant Powder company. That he did not hire the boats "Pastmie" nor "Peerless." That he did not buy the letters. · Tha~ he did not visit the Miramar care. That he did not go to the Giant Powder works. That he did not land at any of the wharfs with the "Peerless." That he did not place the powder in the O'Brian cottage. That he did not write·. the name Bryson, nor the advertisements. That ·h e did not blow up the Times building, nor have any connection, directly or indirectly, with .the explosion. He denied every charge that they laid at his door. He took the stand like the man that he is. He made a statement without equivocation. Why did they not entangle him? They knew he was armed with the truth, and that his statement could not be successfully assailed. They submitted the case, and we submit the case to you, with every confidence that you will acquit. · Your Prospective Customers • are listed In our Catalo2: ol99% ruarantee4 Maili112 Lists. It also contai ns yital auc• eesdona bow to advertise and aell profitablp by mail. Coun ts and prices eiven on 60(X) dHJerent national Lists, coverine all ciUieS: for instance, Farmers, Noodle Mfn., Hard• ware Dlrs., Zinc Mines, etc. TAll NIIJ. Gb" Rtf- Booj trw. Wdte lor lr. ..., '. ., '. West . Com. $1 And One NEW SUBSCRIPTION or RENEWAL to THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS (both, a year, for $! .00) will bring the BEAUTIFUL.------ Colony View Book OF CALIFORNIA VIEWS-ALL REAL PHOTOGRAPHS (not reproductions) mounted in a substantial way in a handsome Album. (] This Colony View Book sells for $1 .50. There is only a limited number. THE LLANO Stable s, PUBLICATIONS Louisiana J0 H N R E E D ' S Stories of the Bolsheviki Revolution· will appear exclusively in The Liberator A New Monthly Magazine published by Max Eastman Send in your subscription today I $I .SO a year.· LIBERATOR PUBLISHING CO.. Inc. 34 Union Square, New York City FIRST NUMBER JUST oor:i · ' .. �Th e . We s t ern Comrac:ie . Page thirty-nine Does Co-operation Pay? {C~ntinued from Page 26) constant custom, a nd that means real success. The co-operative store is more scientific and businesslike than a priv.ate store because of the differencq between their customs. But there are· other factors which make for the economic superiority of the co-operaliv(! store over the nonco-operative. Two of these •. perhaps, shine predominant over the others. One of the factors is summed up in the phrase, "The consumers become their own shopkeepers." In most ~co- · operative stores, members do some of the work. · In some cooperative stores, members do most of the work. In almost all .l>Uying clubs, members do all of the work. And in almost all co-operat ive stores, members usually, at least, carry their own purchases home. How much money this saves the poor can readily be app reciated- and, as "Mr. Dooley" sagely re~ marks, "Wa n iv th' sthrangest thin gs about life is that th' poor who need th' money {h' most, ar-re th' very wans that nin:!r ha Ye it." Another factor in making the co-operative store the most businessli ke sort of store is th at the co-operative store system la rgely combines 'the advantages of small a nd large scale retail dis! ri hution. The co-operative store system is not concerned with keeping its unit of distribution " smaller," as Fay puts it. "tha:t the density of it s area of membership allows." Consequentl y. it is in much the same position as the department store. Holyoake states tha t a co-operative store of modern dimensions will do the business of one hundred shops. Therefore , reckoning the relative numbers of fittin gs, rents, taxes, clerks, lighting a nd heatin g apparatuses, and advertisements needed , th ere will be a saving of 590 charges to the co-operati ve store, ftgured Holoake. St a tistics undoubtedly demonstrate that in both Great Britain and Germany while the trade o f the societies is consistently increasing, the number of stores is almost at a standstill. "Three helping one anot her will do as much as six singly," runs an old Spanish saying ; and there is an Indian saying that should accompany it , "For one ma n to do good to another is good for both; for one to do ill to another is bad for both." . There is prohably no truer applica\ion of these principles than to the conduct of- a store. For certainly the larger the custom the la rger the gain. And where this gain is returned to the . members, the more members there are the more does each individual member receive. It is indeed a case of "the more the merrier." Holyoake once made a n examination into the relat ive sta tus throughout' a year of 100 co-operators and 300 purchasers -at private dealers. He found that out of the 300, 150 were not the penny the richer at the end of the year because of their purchases, and · 150 were actually in debt; while the 100, averaging a weekly expenditure of $5.00, had had $2500 returned to them in dividends. Does co-operation pay? "In the world's history," Professor Marshall, the great English economist, said at the Ipswich congress, "there has been one waste product so much more importa nt that all the others that it has a right to pe called THE· waste product. It is the ability of the working classes, the la tent and undevelopchoked-up a nd wasted fa culties for higher work, that lack of opportunity ha ve come to nothing." Professor Ma rshall con tinued th at co-operation was the greatest, if not the only, eliminator of this waste product. If he is -right, this and this alone would make co-operation amply pay. . Another consideration in favor of consumers' co-operation is that it . leads to that love of excellence in work and purity in food which conduces to taste and health that res·ult in ,e conomy. ~eorge Bernard S~aw speaks of "the stupid levity with whtch we tolerate poverty as if it were. either wholesome tonic for lazy people or else a virtue · to be embraced as St. Francis e'?lbraced it." He points out that poverty means ignorance, dtsease, dirt, slums, "scabs," prostitution, and hell on earth, and that all .these are highly contagious. He suggests that "eve~y adult wit~ less than £365 a year shall be painlessly but mexorably ktlled; ·and every hungry half-naked child forcibly fattened and clothed. Would not that" he asks "be an enormous improvement on our existing sys~em, which has ·alre~dy destr?yed so many civilizations, and . is visibly destroymg · ours m the same way?" We cannot help answering this question with a sad but definite "Yes!" But we know a better way of doing away' with poverty. Perhaps the final answer to the questio11, "Does c?nsu~ers' co-operation pay?" lies in the fact that co-operation wtll go far toward abolishing poverty altogether. The .final argument for the co-operative movement is that it is the least bloody and expensive and the most peaceful and efficient of revolutions: Pebbles From -Parnassus By William J. Fielding DAZZLING, DELIGHTRJL, DIDACTIC This little volume .- of poems by one o f the most brilliant of America's poets. is crammed with ·IJems of rythrnic thought and expression. "Rymcs o f Revolt" will thrill the heart of every true revolutionist. Pric~ $1.00 Address : THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS, Stables, L ouisiana Colony Representatives Wanted Trustworthy, responsible, compe tent agents are desired in different communities to represent the colony and to interest desirable persons in this enterprise. Only men and women of constructive minds. self-sacrificing ' disposition, and energy are wanted . If you are willing to work for the .-good of. a gr~a t cause in a wholly· constructive way, you are invited to correspond with. the Membe rship Depa rtment and to get the Representatives Propost >n. Persons actua ted only by self-interest need not apply. Membership Depart,;,ent LL ANO The DEL RIO Int e rnational COLONY Language · Esperanto simplifies the language problems, ·opens up a new world of literat!!re. gives one a much better understanding of his motherlongue,- enables him to correspond with people a ll over the world, and all this a t a compa ratively small outlay o f time o r money. Send fo r a FREE sample copy o f AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO, the offrcial organ of the Esperanto Association of North America, and receive also a rala log of Books, ·etc., a nd full information on how to lcflrn this wnndcrf ul language. Please mention the Llano Publica tions. THE AMERICAN ESPERANTIST . CO., INC. Watertown, Waltham and Washington Streets WEST NEWTON STATION, 130STON, MASS. �. E;d2..lzJv.:.CJCV"&:£<f?KJ®'~Clr<Jvz.:;e?LraCJ~<r~o%<J~ar<J~<7~t:::x-~l ~ ~ . . . . ,~, Do YoU Want to ~ ~ Sell Your Property?. g~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ ~~~~~ ; ~~ ··~ ~ ~j ~ ~I 1~1 ~ "" ~ ~ H AVE YOU A HOUSE TO SELL ? Have :,·ou City Lots ? . Have you Lands, unimproved or improved tha t you wish lo dispose of ? Far~ LIST Tl-lE.M WITH OUR LAND BUREAU. Perhaps we can secure you a buyer, or a trade ! Do you wish lo make an investment? Have YOl! some money you would like lo put out where it would be safe? Perhaps we can direct you to some comrade who wants assista nce a nd who can give you pe rfect security? The Lla r.o La nd Bureau is established because of the many req uests that ha ve come ask ing about selling land, soliciting advice rega rdin g la nd, investments, etc. This Bureau will be maintained primarily for the benefit of those expecti JJ; to become memb~rs the Colony, but it will also offer it s se rvices to a ny who wish to make use of it. No commissions ' will be charged those who expect to take out membe rships in the Colony ; the La nd Bureau will be purely a ma tte r of se rvice to them ; a small fee may be asked, covering ac tu al expenses of listin g, advertising, and handling. Those who have property a re invited to communicate with this department. ;r ~ ~ §. ~ @ § ~ g ~ ~ § ~ ~ ~ "~~ ~1 tl~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ § ~ ·~ ~ Llano Land Bureau § LLANO DLL RIO COMPANY OF NEVADA § ~ S t a ble s, Loui s i a n a, ~ ~ Bi ~ of the ~~ ~ 1P ~ I:<.:lJD.7.0~1:lD.b2lD..:i.O~D.itJJ:.e?..a'JCD.b2lD.ZJ/?d?JD.,tJJ2ZliD>2lD.~~~.a2J!JC! L � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1918-02 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918-02 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v05n10_191802 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v05n10 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/5f5d40ef56359d388824390fec74dd01.pdf 3dc10ff7f2cdee33e731289771460c9f PDF Text Text ' . oY'\ Louisiana Number Price Ten Cents This Issue Contains Contributions by Job Harriman Emma Goldman Alec Watkins Lincoln Phifer Jessie Wallace Hughan Clinton Bancroft H. G. Teigan Marguerite Head Robert Whitaker H. A. Sessions J. G. Phelps Stokes Robert K. Williams Adolph Germer D. Bobspa A. A. George Or. John Oequer Walter Pritchard Eaton E. R. Browder �Yout Gateway to Freedom Llano's 16,000 Acre Plantation In the Highlands of WeSlem Louisiana T HE Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony was established at Llano, Los Angeles County, California, in May, 1914. It attracted attention throughout the countcy because of the calibre of the men who ~ere conducting it. Hundreds joined the colony and during · the three years hundreds of acres of orchards an_d alfalfa were planted, a community garden was grown, and many industries were ~stablished, among them being the· print shop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, warehouse, machine shop. b!..cksmith shops, rug works, planing mill, lime kiln, saw mill, dai1y, cabinet shop, nursery, rabbitry, hog raising, lumbering, publishing, transportation, doctors' offices, wood yard, vinegar works, bakery, fish hatchery, barber shop, baths, swimming pool, studio, commissary, hotel, drafting roorr., post office, Montessori school, commercial classes, library, and others as well as social features such as the. band, weekly dances, instrumental quartets, . musical societies, etc. Not all were operating all of the time, but nearly all were successful. The social features of the Llano Colony at Llano were an unqualified success. From the first, the intention was to form other colonies, extending the work as rapidly as possible. The first extension has been organized. 16,000 FERTILE ACRES After a n•tion-wide senrch, it was finally decided to purchase 16,000 acres in the healthful highlands of Vernon Parish in Western Louisiana, at Stables, one mile from Leesville, the parish seat of Vernon Parish, This is about IS miles from the Sabine river, about 40 miles from the Red river, (both navigable), forty miles from Alexandria, I 00 miles from Shreveport. and about 200 miles from New Orleans. The highlands of this district a re fertile, high, well-drained, healthful. There arc no swamps, no malaria, no mosquitoes. no fevers more than are found in other sta tes. Health reports show that this portion of Louisiana can compare favorably with any other section of the u~~Le07 ..::~;;: 1i1ere j5 an abundance ~f drinking water of excellent quality. A most careful investigation was made regarding health conditions. Reports compiled by the Health Department of Louisiana were studied. Inhabitants of this district were interviewed. All agreed on the healthfulness of this portion of the State, and those who hav<:_ heard d•scoura~ing reports from Louisiana are invited to make further and more careful investigation before arriving at conclusions. The huge tract lies southwest of Leesville and has had most of the timber cut off. Remaining along the creeks,however, are scat!ered pines of the long leaf variety to supply the Colony with building material for many years to come. About 1200 acres of hardwood timber worth many thousands of dollars are also on the land and offer opportunities for the establishing · of many industries. The timber is, beech, magnolia, white oak. cypress, walnut, post oak, red oak, sweet gum, and hickory. The trees are splendid ones, and this body of timber is not to be st·rpassed in quality. A TOWN CAME WITH IT When the purchase. was first contemplated, and it was finally decided to buy the 16,000 acres near Leesville, it was found that the lumber hamlet of Stables stood on the property. This was acquired with the land. .'\ hotel of 18 rooms, 27 habitable houses, 100 .other small houses. one shed 130x300 feet, one shed 130x200 feet, one shed SOx 100 feet, one store 30x90, one office 40x50, eight other sheds and structure•. The lumber in these buildings, together }vith other lumber on the place, amounts to about 2 milnon feet. Ties for a railroad extend across the land. A concrete power house and 5 concrete drying kilns ( cost to erect them, $12,000) each kiln about 20x70 by 20 feet high, are also included. Stableo is on the main line of the Kansas City Southern Railroad. This town will be occupied for a while, but later a more systematically laid out town will be built. WHAT CAN BE PRODUCED ? This is the first question asked. A careful investigation has been made. No chances of mistake were taken. It is found that a great variety of products do well here. Peaunts, sweet .potatoes, melons. of all kinds, corn, cotton, and sugar cane, will be the best producers and the best inco~-bringers. Vegetables· of all ltinds do well and • berries will yield great returns. This region is not sufficiently' well developed for fruit to make detailed statements possible, but from a number of sources of undoubted reliability, assurance is given that figs, peaches, prunes ,cherries, and similar . fruits can be profitably grown. Cattle and sheep and goats can find forage d~ring nearly the enhre year, while the raising of hogs is profitable because of the abund~ corn that may be grown her_!:. PLAN OF DEVELOPMENf . _F~rming comes first ... The Colony thoro"ughly realizes the responsJbJhhes and the necesSJhes put upon it. Efficiency is insisted on, and once each week foremen are required to attend efficiency classes. The remaining workers are also given instruction. Records- are kept . showing use of time, a<.hievement, results, costs. There is a systematic and orderly organization being perfected. Land is being cleared and plowed as rapidly as possible. With a complete understanding of the needs of agricultural production, every available man is being put into farm work. No department is exempt. Office workers and shbp workers are required to put at least a portion of each day in working the soil. This work takes precedence over all else. very avenue of waste is bein~ closed as fast as discovered. Elimination of useless work and reduction of only partly. necessary tasks is insisted on. The aim of the Colony is not only to support itself the very first year, but to have an ample margin left over. This will take careful and systematic planning. Through this care and foresight, the new Colony will be able to take care of all of its residents, including increase. Housing is simplified by the number of houses acquired with the property. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES A hotel, dairy, ran.ge stock, small laundry · ,store, blackSmith and •machine shop, vulcanizing plant, gardens, hot beds, herd of goats, some rabbits, s9me chickens, hogs, printing department, offices, doctors, warehouse and material shed. are established departments now in op; eration. Machinery for the shoe shop is here, but not installed. This is true of the saw mill. A moving picture machine is already purchased, with chairs, and benches for a theater. Plans are drawn and material ready for the new theatre and . dance floor, these to be separate. The school is givin11 practical instruction in grammar school subjects. T remendous progress is being made in every department, and the organizing of departments is increasing the efficiency of the entire plantation. WHAT ABOUf LLANO, CALIFORNIA? The California Llano Colony will be left in charge of a comparatively few men to develop according to a definite plan to which they will work. Orchards will be planted and cared for and the property at Llano made very valuable. The work of transferring most of the population as well as the industries and the personal effects of the residents is a big task. The sawmill, blacksmith shop, farm implements, some horses, cattle, rabbits, and hogs will be left. Residents and industries are being transferred in the order in which they are most required. FOR MORE INFORMATION More detailed information is given in the "Gateway to Freedom" which outlines the . idea of co-operative colonization, the reasons for it, and what i• hoped may be achieved, together with the methods to be used. The folder "Llano's Plantation in the Highlands of Louisiana" floes into more detail concerning the new 16,000 acre tract. The new colony in Louisiana can support a population of perhaps several thousand ., person•. It offers wonderful opportunities to all who join. You are invited to write to the Membership Department for full information about ar.y point not made clear, and answen to questions you nsk. Address Membership Department LLANO DEL RIO COLONY, STABLES, LOUISIANA �. . \... UIIZ.Z!Glf rz~~ t!o:zJI£ OZZJNiifl ttn::.nZV7;ZJ210ZJ:8 m tVez«J!t. r~ ra~~ · P o I I i c a I A c I o n C o • o p e r a I o n S o c i a I~- The Western Co.m rade _"The Most Constructive Magazine for Socialism in America." Entered as second-class {..alter November 4th, 1916. at the postoffice at llano, Cal.. under Act of March 3, 1879. Application for entry as second-class matter at the postoffice at Leesville, La., pending. JOB HARRIMAN ............ Managing Editor ALANSON SESSIONS ........ Associate Editor ·- - - - ERNEST S. WOOSTER....Business Manager Subscription Rate-!-75c a year; Canada $1; Single copies JOe; clubs of 4 or more (in U.S.) SOc. Combination with Llano Colonist, $1. Publishers and others are invited to copy at will from the WESTERN COMRADE, but are asked to give credit. In making change of address always ~ive your former one so that tile mailing department may be certain that the right name is changed. Please do not send subscriptions, changes of address, complaints, etc., to individuals. Address ALL communications to the Llano Publications, Stables, La. This paper will not assume responsibility unless th\s rule is followed. The Western Comrade neither approves nor disapproves the sentiments expressed in cont ributions not signed by one of the editors. VOL. V. LEESVILLE, LA., DECEMBER-JANUARY, 1917-8 --------~--~= T No. 8-9 ~~~~-------------- How can the Socialists of the HE world kaleidescope has Central powers fight the Socialist:; shifted another scene. of Russia? The conservative ministry By J o ,b Harriman They not only will not fight of the Kaiser has fallen and :1 them but they will fight for them radical ministry has arisen. The government of Kerensky has gone down and the and with them. Around this fact will rally the constructive forces of radical forces of Russia are in power. the world. The radical Russian government proposes hence · Arrayed against them will be found imperialism and forth to refrain from fighting. The Kaiser refused to negotiate with any but the capitailism and militarism. And the greatest of these Czars or the Provincial government, while the Socialist is capitalism. The civil clouds of the world are dark and lowering. forces of Germany, Austria, F ranee, and Italy promise The nations may yet -be rent asunder by civil strife aristhe revolutionary forces of Russia powe.rful aicj. There is now a profound and deep-seated civil re- ing out of the conflicting interests of the classes. The rich are convinced that they arc right and every bellion . against the I}aiser. The German Socialists will not fight the Russian Socialists. Upon this we may de- additional burden confirms the in their conviction. pend. Being confirmed, the civil strife, once begun, cannot The same state of affairs exists in Austria. end until death of one or the other pays the penalty. The chasm between the government and the people After all, may not the pacifist be right? of Germany and Austria is as wide as it was in Russia ---o--before the fall of the Czar, and the crisis is as imminent. HE yellow peril is looming up like a great monster . But the same crisis exists in England, F ranee, and from the deep. It is more than 900,000,000 strong. It already has 8,000,000 soldiers in the various fields of Italy. The "Literary Digest," quoting from the "London war. The Chinese, the Hindus, the Turks and all of the News," says: "The Labor party has demonstrated its aptness for smaller Mohammedan coun tries, led to battle by the the work to which labor aspires by producing the most J apanese, will make a foe that Occidental civilization constructive and the most statesmanlike draft of terms cannot withstand: Baron Okuma, in his magazine, of peace yet published by anybody. But such consid- "S hin Nihon," which has an enormous circulation and erations will have no weight with the privileged caste. wields a tremend01;~s influence, is already kindling the The privileged caste will not argue, because it cannot; fire. it will simply deny; it will simply block; it will simply The J apanese hate the United States, hate England, delude ; it will simply stick to what it has got-until it and hate all Europe. They hate them because of their commercial tyrannies is forced to let go." The governments of the privileged castes of all this of the past, and they hate them also because they be~ world will wreck upon the same rock where the Czar met lieve 'that they will look to China as the only treasury that can " heal !he wounds" inflicted by this terrible war. his fate and where the l(aiser's ship is now grinding,Not only do Japan and China hate the Europeans for before this war is over. Editorials T ------.. . -oil �Page f o u r / Th-e · Western C-omrade ~~ their .conduct in the past, but they hate them also because of their power to compete for the Eastern treasures in the future. Their hatred will increase as their memones are refreshed by future losses, L A FOLLETf_E! He has lived the life of a skyrocket. Apparently he is striking water and his fire is being put out. W}lat his future will be will not depend upon his being right. Right or wrong, he will continue to sink if · Occidental civilization affords. more astute, uncon- the present war policy proves successfuC But if it should prove unsuccessful in the eyes of the scionable merchants than the Orient, and for this reason, commercial success will fall on our ships. It is this fact . people, then he will have a comeback with a kick to it that developed the Chinese opium trade, that gained con- that will beat a government mule a city block. trol of India by England, and that is now winning mil-------<>lions annually from the Far East. ORCE may be constructive or desiructive. F '\.- .... Facing and understanding this fact, and remembering The world's name for constructive for~e is love;' the past, Okuma says: "As for Americans, they always while brute force means destruction. raise a cry against the Yellow Peril, and insult the As well say that the life of an oak depends upon the Hindus, the Chinese, and even the superior Japanese thick, entangling undergrowth, as to say that the life of race, to whom they ref use privileges of mixed resi- trade depends upon competition.' dence. Clear away the undergrowth and the oak will grow "They consider the yellow races unfit to receive the more rapidly, with greater strength and vitality. The light of civilization a nd unable to assimilate with the oak will grow with less disease and become more beauAfter the European war, tiful. 'superior' white races. all nations will co-operate in raising the cry of Yellow Eliminate the conflicti'ng commercial and industrial Peril. They will curse the J apanese Empire . . . and interests from the business world and all our institutions rush toward China- the treasury of the world- in order would rapidly develop into large, powerful, harmon,ious to find means of healing the m!l·ily wounds received in engines for the common good. this war.". Men compete in the economic field because competiThere are two gateways between Oriental and Occi- tion is forced upon them and not because they believe · dental countries: one is the Suez Canal; the other is in it. the Panama Canal. No infant, however low in the animal scale, can best The one is owned by England ; the other is owned by develop by competition with his fellows. the United States. No wise horticulturist ever forced a f riut tree or a The owners of these canals control the bulk of the vine to compete with weeds and briers and thorns. world's commerce. Man does not believe in competition. He has learned These two gateways wil become the chief bones of that competition is sheer blind brute force. It is war. It is destructive in all its work. Nature · contention when the a rmistice is called and the terms of builds in spite of competition and not because of it. peace are discussed . All the East and the Central Po.wers will demand The curse of competition is limited only' by its scope world-control of these canals. If Great Britain and the and power. It possesses no virtues but is surcharged United States insist upon holding their advantages, the with all the powers of destruction known, to those inwar will go on with new alignments, and the sun of Oc- volved in the struggle. War is the climax of competition. What remains aHve .... c 'dental civilizati01i may begin to set. Listen to Kawamura! He says: "There are 50,000,- after it, is better than death, but far worse than might 000 Mohammedans in China, who, if properly led, would have been produced by the worst methods under peacepresent a formidable power. There a~e I ,500,000 train- ful conditions. War murders men ; ravishes women; slaughters chiled arms in Turkey. There are 4,000,000 in Africa. There are 2,000,000 in India and Persia. Altogether, dren; destroys property in a hurricane of blood ; crucithere are 8,000,000 outside China. All of them have fies the loving heart ; abandons all honorable means for a fanatical courage and would willingly sacrifice their the end desired ; rots character; and opens the way for the free play of inordinate ambition and the reign of lives for their religion." , He asserts that it is the mJss1on of the Japanese to wanton cruelty. What an unspeakable calamity this war has been! lead the Asiatics against the Whites. Will the world ever learn that brute force leads to the The Lion of Asia is growling and showing his teeth. grave'? Next, the roar,- and then the plunge. All intelligent, loving, constructive life is pacifist. He who has ears to hear, let him hear. �T1u Western . Comrade T HE Spanish American war caused a considerable inflation of prices during ~h time an enormous amount of real estate changed hands, and for which payr.Jents were made, partly in CC¥;h, 'and partly in notes sl!cured by mortgages. . After the war was ~ve'r, the market was again overstocked with products, and prices of course went down. Those who mortgaged their property while prices were !ugh found themselves conhonted with the necessity of payin~ high-priced debts with money received for lowpriced products. For many, this was an impossible situation, and they lost their homes. Many were barely able to meet their interest and taxes and to eke out a market will soon be again overcrowded with products. . The increased efficiency developed under government pressure, coupled with the extreme economy made necessary by the war, will quickly flood the markets and force prices of products down, but it will not diminish the size of the mortgages contracted when prices were high. Again, there will be multitudes who can not meet such obligations with cheap money and vast numbers will be sold under foreclosures, while others will be able to barely pay their interest and to make a miserable living. In addition to the burdens that followelf the Spanish American war, we will .be compelled to bear the burdens of billions of dollars bonded indebtedness. The in- . terest of the bonds must come out of increased taxes, which will have to be paid with money at low prices. He who sells his farm and invests his money when prices go down will be able to buy land for the mortgage that covers it. · ------ - Let those who of /\ ) )\ "\. . , ..._ / ; ~ J "- / ~ ____#'1C } 11~ 'i\\"'\ -Jti1. buy at high prices and mortgage for unpaid balam;e, cheer up, ~:; .~'":~· ,, T HE Standard . Oil company, Pacific Commercial company, General Electric company, Western Electric . company, Russian Chamber of Commerce, and ~ /{? . tt\ - ~00~~& rype company, :~,~ o~h:\m::~·:: - -- - - - ------ - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - -----·---- -·--- - -ety South AmerThe sale of crops this year left the farmers with more ican country, and also the United States Bureau of Exsurplus money than they have had for years. Many ports, met ,in New York on November 23, to devise ways bou;;ht new farm s at high prices, paying part cash and means to put German trade "out of business whereand part in notes and mortgages. ever they find it." Henceforth, their fixed expense will cost far more If this is not a commercial war, then one thing is cerdollars than the sa~e cost last year or in previous years. tain: IT SOON WILL BE A COMMERCIAL WAR . if Wages will be higher. Groceries, clothing and imple- the government does not take over all such enterprises ments will cost double or treble that of previous years. and run them. The margin left from next year's crop will be far smaller Why falter? Those companies are interested in the than that of this year. \ government only to the extent that they can force the After the war is over, if we do not move into state government to serve them. socialism, but continue under the capitalist system, the This is the hour of our nation's peril. �\ •, The Page sax Western Com~ade • ·Llano In Louisiana S THIS is being written, just before New Year's Day, duced. This means more economy. Those who come to the the population of the little town of Stables, Louisiana, Colony can have their goods shipped through and unloaded has grown to more than thJee ·hundred. This has at Stables, Louisiana. All are being advised to do this. happened virtually all within two months. The practical ap- · The economy of transportation leads to · another great plication of Socialist prir,ciples ·through the co-operative plan economy, and one which will impress every person who ever lived in Llan<J, or who ever visited there. has inva-ded the "Solid South." Following the arrival of Comrade Harriman and Georgi! HOUSING MADE EASY Deutsch came the publications force by train. After them In Llano there were times, and the times were of frequent came five auto loads from Calif01nia, big, husky men, who made a record run from Llano, California, to the new Colony occurrence, when the housing problem was the paramount holding in Western Louisiana Then came the special train question. Industries had to be ·stopped while men were put with 130 persons, men, women and children. From many to providing shelter. When large numbers of visitors came points in the South, families are moving to the new Llano unexpectedly, it meant great distress to the hotel, for there was never ·sufficient accommodations. Arrivals at the raildel Rio Co-operative ·Colony in the Highlands of Lo-uisiana. Other auto loads are comog from Calforna, braving the in- road station twenty miles away, had to be brought to the clement weather and the hardships. Colonists who have been Colony. ll meant additional trouble to the hotel management out of the Colony for various reasons are dropping in from - or the housing committee. But when the 16,000 acre tract in the Highla nds of Louwidely-separated points. Nearly every day there is a reunion isiana was purchased, a town was also bought. The amount of old Colony comrades. But the new people are mostly Texans- honest, hard-work- of lumber saved and labor saved and expense saved amounts ing folks- eager to enjoy the benefits of complete co-opera- to thousands of . dollars, more thousands than would be be' lion, glad _to lea~e t~e individual_ farm_s and join with . their lieved if the sum were put into r rint. But some calculation comrades m the mspmng enterpnse bemg conducted for the may be made when it is remembered that with this land came a commodious hotel which will accommodate, if compelled to, good of all and not for private greed or gain. more than sixty people, though Not less frequently than perhaps not with entire comevery three days, and somefort to so many. It is welltimes much oftener, a car is To Our Readers: Owing to the delay incident built. The office building is placed on the switch which is to the move from California to Louisiana . it is imsufficient to house the execon Colony property. These possible to print the December number of the utive, sales, and accounting cars contain cattle, horses, WESTERN COMRADE. We are combining the departments. The commissary mules, farm implements, corn, December and January numbers. Subscribers will is a large building, in good peanuts ("goobers" they call also note the increase in size of the magazine, which condition, well - located, and them here), sweet potatoes, we hope will compensate for the number missed.with shelving and counters alhousehold gooqs. and indusThe Editors. , ready installed. It is a better trial machinery. building than any at Llano, They are unloaded onto our California, just as the hotel is own platforms and sheds. a better one than the Llano hotel. and the offices here are NO TRANSPORTAT ION PROBLEM piP better than those at Llano. This is not intended to be deThe old bug-bear at Llano, and one of the most serious rogative of Llano. but to show to some degree the immense and costly problems with which the · Colony had to contend, advanta ges gained here .at no additional outlay, and at no was transportation. Cars were unloaded at the station twenty expense for labor and materials. • miles away and the goods hauled in trucks across the desert. That is not all . One large white house which will be used It was an extortionate price that was paid, even under the as doctor's offices and probably as library, is a building such happiest of conditions, and the condition of most desert roads as would cost not less than $4000 in many parts of California. is not one to induce a high degree of happiness. There are scores of two- three- and four-room houses in which But in the new Colony, conditions are different. Cars consigned to the Llano del Rio Colony are set in on the switch colonists are being housed. These take care of the first and go direct into the Colony's w'lrehouse. No time is lost. comers. They are all under roof. No large force of men The materials and household goods go under cover immediate- must be diverted to this work . No hu ge sums must be exly, there are no demurrage charges, and a big force of men pended for materials. No valuable time is taken that should is instantly available if required to move heavy machinery. 'be used for other purposes. The advantages of a ready~made There is no friction, no lost time, little expense. Hauling town located on the railroad are many. A need not be done immediately if more urgent work presses. The saving is incalculable, and one of the first things that impresses itself on the incoming colonist from California is the 'tremendous economy of the arrangement here. But this is only half the advantage. The Llano del -Rio Company expects to be a very heavy shipper of goods at all times and especially during the summer. Even this first season, many cars of Llano products will go forward from here. This i's not prophecy or dream, but the plan now made and · already being actively put into cpe!ation. With the switch · and the warehouse and the platform right here in the front yard, so to speak, the shippin\costs are enormously re- .__., 1 ( But even this is not all. There are industries to be housed. The obstacle that retarded the development of this feature at Llano more than any other was housing. But in the extension Colony there is no such difficulty. The vast warehouses which were acquired with the new. property make excellent industrial buildings. A comparatively small force of men can remodel portions as needed to take care of the incoming industries. Some of the sheds are being torn down and the lumber carefully piled for future use. Long platforms, some ' of them several hundred yards in le:.1gth, made of two-inch planks, the width of the platforms being usually about twelve feet, are spread in many directions . �The Wester n Comrade ·· Much of this ' lumber is available for building purposes, and that which is useful for no other purpose, still serves as fuel , close at hand and partly prepared for the stoves. These platforms ~re high from the ground, t,nd the suppo~ting . trestle work is still another great supply of lumber. It IS estimated that the amount of lumbeF in. the industrial buildings and the sheds .will total close to two million feet. . UTILIZING THESE BUILDINGS First to be made ready for use was the hotel , which required some repairs. Then the h~uses were put into repair. A large force was employed just before the train from California arrived. There are still many to be repaired and cleaned and made habitable, but this is no longer pressing work. An old repair shed has been remodeled into a cow barn. It is not ideal for this .purpose, but a comparatively small amount of .work made it practicable and it will be used for a long time. The saving in time, labor, a nd money has advanced the dairy industry immeasurably because of the ease with which it could be accomplished. ;rwo long sheds, built of good lumber, a nd the lumber still in excellent condition, are not suitable for any colony use a nd are being torn down as the material is required. r • INDUSTRIES HERE AND COMING Though the ·time since the new extension colony was first opened is short, the record: is long and satisfying. The lessons learned at Llano, the ability developed, the men who came from there, the industri~s shipped in, the knowledge · gained-all these contributed and are still contributing to quick results. ;. Not the sort of quick results not based on ~ound foundations, but the sort of quick results that are quick because ·the planning has been careful and the preparation thorough . . The publications are here, housed, operating. A saw mill has arrived, is tr11loaded, and will be erected when it is deemed advisable to do so. The shoe shop is here, packed in boxes it is true, but ready to be set up a nd operated whenever this becomes advisable. ·A machine shop and blacksmith shop is here a nd operating. Anothe.r one will come from Californ'ia . A vulcanizing shop is in running order and doing business. \ The commissary is well-stocked and business is increasing. All \ the machinery of administration is in order and running more 1 smoothly than ever before and efficiency is high, with an ever- \ upwa rd tendency. The hote l is well-ordered, well-kept, sat- \ isfactory. The dairy is rapidly acquiring a good herd of milk cows. Some hens arc here and the poultry department will ' be established as soon as possible. A tool shop is operating . with a competent tool ma n in charge, one who has siJent most \ of his active life in sha rpening and handling tools. The hog \ departmen t is making a start. The butcher shop is already operatin g, and has plans for extending its work rapidly. The ~11\ u ghter house will soon be ready, a nd then there will be a n invasion of outside markets. The baker is here, and by the time this is in the hands of the readers he will doub'tless ~e equipped for work. At a ny ra te, it will not be long before he is ready for business. He expects to sell his products to the " outside" as well as to supply the Colony. The making of sa usage will be taken up as an industry at the same time. A barber chair is installed, but is not operated regularly. as yet. AN INDUSTRIAL "LOOK AHEAD" ' Unloading Baggage from the •pecial tra in from California Colony . Already a lumber yard is being established, and in it will be piled materials of all kinds. It is .more tha n a lumber yard, being more of a ma terial yard. A competent ma n in charge will see.. that the lumber is cared for and only those entitled to it are permitted to use it. One entire side of the warehouse nearest the railroad, the one which is to be used as a shippin g shed and warehouse, has been walled off for use by the publishin g department.. Here the machinery is in~talled and in operation, with plenty of space so that the workers may make the best of their effort. There is plenty of space allowed, too, for expansion. The membership dtpartrneiil a nd the publica tions cffices are together, attached in the front of the new print shop. Conditions are already much improved over the conditions in Llano and work is carried on with a much greater production record. The greatest building of all, the one tha t would hold every building that was erected in Llano, with the exception of the tent houses (this is no exaggeration) , is to be used for housing the industries. They will be placed under the same roof 1,mtil other arrangements can be made. Several are now operating, and others are expected. The cannery must be installed as soon as possible, tor the possibilities along the line of selling canned goods are immense. The pla ning mi ll will be)sent from LlanL With it in action, the making of furniture ca n be taken up as soon as other work permits. When the machine shop is also here and. e rected, this Colony will have as fine a machine shop as is to be found in many a city of much grea te r size. The rabbit industry wi ll be continued here a nd with the improved conditions should be placed on a paying basis ve_ry soon. The sa me is true of every department of the livestock industry. The man ufacfuring and industrial possibilities flow naturally from the livestock a nd agr.icultural resources here. There 'are hundreds of acres of good hardwood timber. Out of this fact grows logically the development of industr.ies in which hardwoods are used, and foremost a mong them is obviously ltte making of furniture. This calls for skilled woodworker$, and those who follow this craft will come to the Colony. The readiness with which certain vegetables are grown here is <,ISSUrance that the canning industry can be established and made to pay handsome dividends from the very first year, to pay for the outlay for machinery, and to do more than that. This, of cou rse, becomes one of the foremost industries and is likely to remain a mong the first. Definite plans 'are being made now to establish the cannery. The Colony has a competent canner to handle the work, one who knows the business from top to bottom. Grass grows luxuriantly everywhere. . Where grass grows, stock can be raised at a · imum cost. Out of this grows the meat industry, tanning. With the �\ Page eig}Jt • • leathe) comes the probability of a shoe factory, especially when the Colony .{!ready own's shoe machinery. There are good harness· makers connected with the Colony, too. Cotton is one of the chief crops which can be produced. The g:nning industry, the compressor, the oil industry are all suggested as first manufactures logically following. But the thinking person will ask, "Why not· the cloth-making industry, and, following that. the making of clothes?" And it seems · quite logical to believ.e it may follow in the due -course of time. These are not prophecies. They are merely suggestions. What will be done depends on many things- !he initiative of the Colonists quite as muh as any other feature. But they are certainly all things that might be Jone, and some a re things that must be don e. The preserving of fruits and food stuffs is imperative. It must be taken up in all of its branches. The marketino- of products is quite as necessary, and this must be taken up."'which means that the Colony will of necessity emhark in the packing and shipping industry at no distant date. The act ive, enthusiastic, constructive mind will leap ahead and see many enterprises in the future. The possibilities seem limitless. There is nothing that appears to be fantastic about the suggestions listed above, and of their practicability no The Western Comrade Colony is proceeding on asc~rtained facts, piloted by experienced men, working along lines proved correct. "HOW DO WE KNOW YOU KNOW~" One of the features of the new Colony is the rigid investigation of the plans, genuine knowledge, and ability to lead of those who aspire for positions -:of authority or are placed in them. The effort is to find out what the man knows, how thoroughly he knows it, what experience he has had, how successful he has been. The man who thinks he knows must give place to the man who kno\'115 he knows and has demonstrated it and can demonstrate it. The Colony is a fine place for experimenters, and all will be encouraged to experiment, but this experimentation must not be at the colony expense. This is a decision rigidly adhered to. The examination through which foremen are put is perfectly fair, but it is also exhaustive in its questioning. The man who passes it has to know or he will not be able to pass. O~her tests are also applied to determine whose theories are practical and whos~: are not. The man who knows has his opportunity. The man who thinks he knows has his. The man who pretends to know but ·does not, also has his. It is fair and just to all, but the interests of the Colony are foremost in every instance. In answering the question, "How do we know you know?" they must disclose whether their knowledge is genuine or whether it is mercy a figment of a·n ambitious but impractical mind: Of course the question is not bluntly stated. It is a senes of questions that bring out a series of facts. But the upshot of it all is, .1s stated above, "How do we know you know?" So much for the farming. Progress is being made, but at · this early date that is about \s definite as the statement can be made. Later, facts and figures and photos will be given that will be convincing. Competent men are leading and plann.ing and they are working to a definite plan in a country where they know what the standard is and what can be done. Results should be fairly certain. ENTHUSIASM EVERYWHERE Train o f six coaches on which I SO Colonists came from the Llano to the Louisiana Colony in· December. doubt exists. But no promises are made. No definite statements arc made as to when or where they will be established. AGRICULTURE FIRST The order of work laid o~t is about as follows: First, the emergency housing of men, materials, industries, animals; second, the development of agriculture. Both are going ahead. It was impossible to spare men for agricultural work until almost the ftrst of J anuary, bvt from that time on more and more men and children will be dra fted into the farming department. Agriculture is the dominant necessity. It takes precedence over all else. It is the foundation of prosperity and progress. Plans are definite. The work this year will be confined to certain crops known to be proiifically productive and highly remunerative. Gardening will of course be carried on to the extent necessary to privide for home wants, and as much else as can be produced. But most of the effort will be placed on the big market crops. The warehouse is already well 'filled with peanuts, cotton seed, . sweet potatoes, and other seeds. Some ribbon cane will · be put out this season. There may perhaps be some rice. But sweet pvtatoes, cotton, corn, peanuts, and melons will have the-right-of-way over all other crops. What they will produce is known, and it is also known just how we will be them. The One of the finest things is the splendid enthusiasm that is manifested everywhere. Never did things move with such ex- · pedition as they are now, and never was the standard so high. i Achivements are demanded. Every visitor is impressed with the organization, the physical characteristics of the property, the splendid class of people in the Colony, the marvelous resources a nd the grand possibilities. So well impressed are they that most of them make up their minds to come into the Colony and work with their comrades here in the practical application of the principles of Socialism. Among the most enthusiastic are the colonists who came from Cali fornia . They know the wonders that will come out of co-operation. and when they see the Colony making the strides it is making, when they see the efficient methods- and the complete organization that is being effected , when they see the wealth of buildings, a nd the abundance of firewood, and are convinced of the fertility of the soil, their enthusiasm is boundle"ss. They are able to see these things more plainly, perh,lps, because of their experience at Llano where they worked under such trying conditions and under such handicaps, where so many things were impossible that are immediately possible here. The speed with which work is carried on, the records of achievement that are demanded and made- these keep enthusiasm mounting higher and higher. · BUT WHAT ABOUT LLANO ? This is the question that is coming in the letters. Llano is still Llano, still in California, and will be developed (Continued on Page 37) . 1' �The Western Comrade Spiritism · and 'Socialism D By Lincoln Phifer, Editor The New World OUBTLESS many Socialists have Qeen surprised at the I hold that it was natural , so long as the world lacked wellreport that I wa~ printing a spiritualist paper. I than k defined machin€CrY . and natural forces available for use, to th~ Llano Publications for a-n opportunity to tell them res?rt to the medium and the circle, e.mploying personal magwhy I a m doing as I am. netism as the force that got the . returns. But' now we have American Socialists . ought to know, though many do not, electricity, a vibratory force much more rapid than nerve force that the Socialist movement in America began as. a ·s pirit~s; now we know that sight and hearing are both vibratorf di rected movement. The first group of colonies that .was esm nature and that electricity can connect with them. We tablished in this country, consisting of. some five di stinct waves, know that it is possible, now, to talk with an unseen person claimed as a basis of its action a command of spi rits to util- five bundred miles away and really hear him speak. Thereize the vast land acreage in America for the freeing of the fore, The New World advocates the utilization of electricity wo rld , and the establishment of a co-operative commonwealth. an d mechanical applia ncees for the purpose of touching the For many years the members thou ght they acted under direct new world of the spiri t that data seems to indicate may lie in inspiration. Before Marxianism had been thought of, before the great ocean of vibration stretching between sight and there was a socialist party in all the world, these people, cal- sound. If there is anything to spirit ma nifestation, it means ling themselves socialists, established colonies in America and , that we ought to be able to ccinnec.t up with the populous sought throu gh them a sol ution of economic problem s that per- realm of soul s on a purely mecha nicaL scientific b asis. plexed the workers. Had their early pl~ns been fully followed, Others talk about immortality and doctrines of various it is li kely th at many of the evils that later grew up under kinds. I say, believe whatever you please; only,' let us prove what became known as capitalism would have been averted. thin gs one way or the other, a nd get knowledge instead of Even as it was, these early sociali sts were to a la rge de gree faith or untruth. I confidently believe the time wi ll come respon sible for the public roads and public schools, which are · when a nybody can at any time call up a fri end , or one of the best socialized fe atures we have today. It is the other prominence, on the other side, a nd . get as certain reply from colonies tha t failed; the colonies founded at the dir ec~ ion of him as he now gets over the tel ephon e; when all papers will print news a nd views from across the big water. The acspirits remain for the most part to this d ay. I am not alone in sayin g that one of the weakrier,ses of the compl ishment of thi s result would mean th e opening. practimodern socialist movement is that it has been too materialistic. cally, of a new world to our knowl edge. There would be the just as freely do .I decl a re that the modern spiritist mo vement history a nd geography of Heaven (or whatever you· chQose to has lost its economic purpose and become a thing withou·, call the abode of the departed) to collect. There would be meaning. It was to correct, if possible, the lack in b ot h these th e findin g out of the effect of ear thly ac tions a nd ambitions movements and bring them together, with added force an<}en- on the other life, with a con seq uent revision of creeds and thusiasm for both, that The New World was es tablished. / I do philosophies to mee t the new knowledge, wholly apart from not care so much for the doctrines of spiritualism as for · the ag ita tion or controversy. There would be new econo mics and power of the spirit, or so much for theorizin g ' concerning new morals to develop; new scien ces to collate; new literature to trans.late into our lan guage, an d a new earthly literature: . socialism as I do for practicaJ sociali za tion . Whether or not there be anything in spirit manifesta tion, it th at would emb race the period beyond death, for us tc.i ~rite. can hardly be denied that thou sands believe they have comThe trouble with the world today- the thin g th a t brought municat ion with those who once lived in the fle sh an d · who on th e war- is the fact th a t old ideas are exhausted. We passed through the change that we call death. In eve_ry land, have occupied \he known world. We are goin g a round · a nd in every age, the phenomena have been sufficient to challenge around in our literat ure an d thoughts. We a re fi ghting bethe consideration of many hon est and clear thinkers. Perhaps cause we cannot stop th e momentum of the past five cena majority of the people today believe that we do li ve after turies, which was always toward conques t of new territory . . dissolution. In suggesting that the thought is worth seriou s The discove ry of thi s new world of the spirit wou ld do for consideration, therefore, I a m neith er runnin g counter to com- us now precisely what th e di scovery of America did for stagmon sense nor to gene ral bel ief. And whatever else may come na ted Europe fiv e centuries ago. That broke up the . feudal out of the war, it is more than likely it will revive thought system. This wou ld give a new Impetus to ;nan's thoughts concernmg the future. It is doing that even now. My and activi ti es for another fiv e centuries a nd prove the salvation of the world. message IS therefore opportune. . Natura lly many are incredulou s. Some make fun of me. Yet my message differs radically from th e conventional spiritist contention. I hold that there is already enough well- But a man is .not of the true socialist calibre if he will hesitate a ttested dat a on the matter of the existence of spirit-life to on thi s atcount. Already something has been accomplished. warrant the serious consideratiol); of thou ghtful people. At the Dr. W. M. McCartney, of Bird City, Kansa s, has rigged up an same time, I hold that th e repetition of d ata, which has been adapta tion of a telegraph receive r and sounder, co nnected with a battery but not .to any ou.tside force s. It operates a carbon repeated over and over for at least four thou sa nd years, can hold no new significance . My view is that we ought to act ribbon that makes record of dots and da shes of the old model. on the data rathe r than seek to repeat it. P eople knew in Calls and questions are clicked off, leaving their ribbon recgeneral of the fact of telephony for many centuries, but it was ords. Then the room is loc ked up and left alone all day. only when they began to act on things . already known to Message after message comes- vol um es of them. j. L. Krapractical ends, that the telephone was really created. .Stu- mer of Bradford, Penn., has had nea rly the sa me experience. dents knew of driftwood crossing the Atlarttic rnany years Wallace A. Clemmon s, wi rel ess operator rece ntly of New York before Columbus sailed westward, 'but it was tile Genoese mar- city, has made experi ments which he is keeping secret for the ineer who acted on the data and really discovered the con- present, but says that he feels sure of success. A common ti~ent from which it came. With all that has been experienced receiyer down all the time and a megaphone put into the ear in spirit phenomena, it has not until now been proposed \Pat piece, has in Oklahoma rung and received messages. These we follow out the suggestions and find what we shall ~d. (Continued on Page 38) jor I \ �f Page ten The Western Comrade • 'fhe Revolution In North Dakota ) . By H. G. Teigan [This is the third and last of a series of articles in which Mr. T eigan tells of the rise of the Nonpartisan League.]. O I NE DAY, in the early part of July, 1916, three Fords rolled out of Fargo. One crossed the Red River into Minnesota, another went south i'nto South Dakota, and the third proceeded westward to Montana. . Keep iri mind this was just a few days following the ·Non: partisan league's victory in the primary election in North Dakota. · · The men in charge of the Fords .were Beecher Moore, Leon Durocher and R. B. Martin. Their mission was to line up a score or more of men in each of these states to form the nucleus of aleague branch. All of the men commissioned to do this prelimina-ry work were trained agitators; each knew the live wires in the particular state allotted to him. Within a month, Minnesota, South Dakota and Montana were lined up for the work. A score of organizers were put into the . field in each state. From that time up to the present the work of organizing the farmers has been progressing until now at least 011e of the states- Montana-is almost completely or~"nize d . S p :1cc forb ids going into a discussion of the success of the ,,·ork in the three stales, but I want to say th a t we have put the thin g sufficiently "across" to warrant taking the respective st,lle " gan gs" on for a political battle next year. The movement had bee n strictly of ·a state character in North Dakota a nd at first the plan was to leave national politics alone in the new states. In North Dakota, the league had made no nominations for national offices, and the program co ntained only such propositions as could be made to materialize throu gh political action wi\hin the state . All public ownership propositions req uirin g federal action were left alone , a nd the wa r question, in particular, was tabooed. Embroilment of this country in the European waJ, howe ~er, compelled the league to disclaim further neutrality on the q uestion. When it became apparent that war was inevitable, the league took a position that has given it na tion-wide publicity. · · On the ·18th of February, the league members of the North Da kota legislature drew up a set of resolutions, in caucus, which were adopted on the followin g day by the House. These resolutions were defeated by the old guard senators, thou gh every league member voted for their passage. These . i'esolutions gave· expression to the justice a nd necessity for conscripting wealth as a means of financin g the war into which the country was soon to be plunged. (Keep in mind, these resolutions were adopted more than seven weeks prior to the declaration of "a slate of Wijr.") . Since these resolutions' are bound to become ·historic, I am quoting them in full: that can be done, to avoid this nation being drawn into the European conflict of destruction; '_'AND, we respectfully petition the President and Congress of the Unoted States, to endeavor to maintain absolute neutrality, with neither favor nor prejudice toward any of the unfortunate belligerent nations; "AND, be it further made known that it is our firm ani:l unalterable purpose to suppo.rt and stand by our nation in case of war, with our · lives and our property; '_'AND, being mindful of'the principles of equity, j~stice and freedom, upon which this government is founded, we do most earnestly recom· mend and request that the Congress of the United Stales authorize and · empower the President. that so far as it is within his power, in case . war becomes inevitable, to seize all the property useful and necessa·ry to the government in carrying on the war, to be 'used during the war without compensation, and to be surrendered after the war to the owners; such properly to indude factories, shipyards, munition plants, armor plate mills, flour mills, arm factories, supplies and equipment, cloth factories. and such other property, !'nd money, as th~ government may requi re, to the end tha t all our citizens, regardless of social position or economic advan tage, shall contribute equally to the common need and common defense of our nation; so that the citizens of wealth may be enabled and compelled to contribute to the common welfare and need of their country on the . same terms as the enlisted soldiers or sailors. who give their lives and their all. "THIS to be done only in case of war, under the provisions of martial law; and to the end that justice, equality and fraternity may be fost ered and upheld as between our own people, in the conduct of the defens e of our country's honor, our lives and our property." The league ' legislators saw the probability of Congress resortin g to conscription of men for military service. The lack of war sentiment would make volunteering impossible as a means of furnishing recruits for undertaking a ·war to make peace vvith Allied victory a certainty. This being the case, the leaguers at Bismark reasoned thus: If it is just for the government. to take human life for the service of the country, then it is even more obviously just for the government to take for the country's service the ill-gotten gains of the parasitic rich . After the declaration of "a st~te of war" had been passed by Congress, the league lecturers and organizers became active in their advocacy of conscription of wealth. That the idea took with the people was obvious from the increase in the number of members secured by those in the field. In many localities where work had been e,pmparatively slow pri'or to 'this time, a ma·rked ··c hange. took · place and organizers succeeded in enrollin g nearly every farmer approached. The death of Henry T. Helgeson, representative in .Congress from the first district of North Dakota, brought abOut a vaca ncy that had to be filled by special election. Since the· league had taken a po.sition on ·a National question, and as this particular question had become an issue in North Dakota, the ·league found it necessary to .put a candidate in the field. The farmers named as their candidate a young man who had been affiliated with the league movement as a cartoonist on the "Nonpartisan Leader." His nam~ was John M. Baer. The farmer candidate was quite ~opular, and yet outside of his "MEMORIAL cartoon work, he was comparatively unknown in the district, "To the President and Congress of the United States: inasmuch as he had been a resident of the western part of the "WHEREA~. there is danger !hat the American nation in spite of the state .up to June, 1916. neutrahty of ots people, os about to become involved in the European war of human slaughter; . The main thing about Mr. Baer's candidacy was the plat~ "AND WHEREAS, it has become apparent that there is some invis· form that had been outlined for hi'm by the organization, and ible force carrying on a press propaganda to involve this nation in to which he gave his endorsement. This platform was several the European conflict ; and whereas it is apparent that the munition, steps further in advance of any position the Nonpartisan armor and steel plants, and their allied interests, would be the gainers league had hitherto taken with reference to national quesin such a conRict ; "AND W!'IE~EAS, it is generally believed that the munition, armor . tions. It received considerable more publicity than the conand steel p lants are the parties responsible for this propaganda · ~cription of wealth res?lutions previously referred to. A prom"NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the House of Rep~esen· men\ New York pubhsher .made the remark that it was the tatives of the Legislative Assembly of the State of North ·Dakota the sanist and most pointed declaration on the question of war Senate concurring therein , that we respectfully petition the President and Congress of the United States, to . do everythin11 in th~ir power thar had come to his attention. In the july issue, he pubI -'~~ �The Western Comrade lished the platform in full on the first page of his magazine.. public ownership of the "great basic industries, such as mines, The chief points of this platform, and on which Mr, Baer timber lands, water power and railroads." · · ' made his campaign .for Congress, are as foliows: The program of the le~gue is of an evoluti'or:Jary character. 1. Complete fidelity to the government pledged. "In mak- It has grown with the ll)OVement. From a few state owned . ing this declaration of our position, we declare um;quivoc<!.llY propositions, it has developed until it now includes a complete that we stand for · our country, right or wrong, as against for- national "program for public ownership of public utilities, in' eign governments with whom we are actually engaged in war. eluding the great basi·c industries. This evolution in the proStill we . hold that when we believe our country wrong, we gram of the teague has not been altogether accidental. Those should endeavor to set er right." .. . · guiding i:he destinies of the organization early saw the wisdom 2. Demand -that ou overnment, before proceeding further of making the ' program correspond to its activities: There is in support of · the · , "make immediate public declaration· little sense, if any, for an organization whose activities are conof terms of peac witho t annexations of territory, lnP.emn- fined within the borders of a state, advocating meas.ures that ities, contributio'irs, or interferences with the right of any na- · can only be inaugurated by federal action. Hence the Nonlion to live and manage its own affairs, thus being in harmony partisan league declined to incorporat~ in its program governwith and supporting the new democracy' of Russia in her mel]t ownership of railroads, telephones and telegraphs, mines, " and other means of production. of a national character, until declaration of these fundamental principles." 3. Abolition of secret diplomacy. "The secret agreements such time as the movement also became national in scope. As for the specific name to give to the program advocated ·o f kings, presidents, and other rulers, made, btoken or kept, without the knowledge .o·f the people, constitute a continual by the league, I am willing to leave. that to the readers of the menace to peaceful relations." Llano Publications. "What's in a name? That which we call 4. Abolition of gambling in the necessaries of life, and the a ,rose, by any other name would smell as sweet." And so Federal government control of the food supply of the nation. :~~t t;:up:~;~m of the league;, the substance is there, call it 5. Conscription of wealth as a means of financing the war. There is much more that could be said of the National Non"We are unalterably opposed to permitting stockholders of part~san league movement. In fact, only a comparatively few private corporations to pocket enormo.us profits, while at the facts have been related in these articles. But one thing more same time a species of coercion is encouraged toward already must be mentioned, viz., the record of the farmer legislators poorly paid employees of both sexes, in urging them to pur- at Bismark last winter. Never before· in the history of the chase government bond-; to help finance the war. Patriotism country has a group of legislators labored so tirelessly and demands service from all according to their capacity. To con- energetically for the common good as did the represen_tatives script men and exempt the blood-stained wealth coined from of the Nonpartisan league at this session. Instead of being the the sufferings of humanity is repugnant to the &pirit of tools of corporate interests, as has been the case with all previous legislatures of North Dakota, these men proved them-: America and contrary to the ideals of democracy." 6. Freedom of speech, the bulwark of human liberty. "A selves true servants of the people. Much good legislation was declaration of war does not repeal the ·constitution of the enacted and much more would have been enacted had the 1 United States, and the unwarranted interference of military league been .in control of the Upper House. A reactionary \ and other authorities with the rights of individuals must · Constitution prevent;d; the far~ers from getting control_ of · cease. , the Senate, though 1t IS a certamty that at the nex\ electiOn 7. Causes of the war. "The contributory cau.ses of the this, too, will pass into their hands. x present war are v11rious; but above the horrible slaughter The National Nonpartisan league will be on the political looms the ugly incitings of an economic system based upon map next year. I do not think there is much chance for stopexploitation. It is largely a convulsive effort on the part of the ping the onward progress of the movement. Conditions nation- · adroit rulers of warring nations for control of a constantly dim- ally are almost . ideal for propaganda and organization. Ex.· inishing market. Rival groups of monopolists are playing' a ploitation, which is ever present under the present system, is deadly game for commercial supremacy." now more than ever compelling the masses to think; the ag8. How to make 1Jeace permanent. "At- the close of this itation carried on by other organizatio~s has prepared the' ~- sound international standards must be estaBlished on the mrnds of the people for our program; disgust with partisanbasis of a true democracy. Our economic organizations must ship makes the league plan of political action particularly opbe completely purged of privilege. Private monopolies must~-, portune; lastly, the leadership of the league is the very best. be supplanted by public administration of credit, finance and.. In Piesident Town ley, the farmers have a leader of their natural resources. The rule of jobbers and speculators must own class, schooled in a philosophy that comes partly from the be overthrown if we are to produce a real democracy; other- study of economics, but mostly from the bitter school of exwise this war will have been fought in vain." perience. Possessing a high school education, he has had . On the above platform Mr. Baer was ·elect~ to Congress. sufficient foundation for obtaining, by indepepdent study, a At the election on july 10, 1917, he received a majority of sound knowledge of economic and sociological problems. Mr. all the "Votes cast. The victory was all the more conclusive as Townley's strongest point is his understanding of mass psy- , to the people's endorsement of the league's platform because chology, and in his ability to handle men. As an executive, the district was by far the most conservative in the state. The he has few equals in America. Possessing these splendid qualconservatism of the district is evident from the fact that about ities, and guided by an unselfish devoti·on to the cause which a year before at the Republican primaries, Mr. Frazier, though he represents, his leadership has meant much, and will mean having an absolute majority in the state over all his coq.test- even more, to the farmers' movem.ent. ants for the Republican nomio'ltion, yet failed t() carry this · In view of these facts, how can there be anything but district. In fact, he lacked several thousand votes of having . success in store for 'the National Nonpartisan league? a majority. . ---oThe league is now definitely committed to the idea of pub- Were half the power, that fills t}le world with terror, lic ownership of ·public utilities. This position was taken at Were half the wealth bestowed on camps and courts, the Nonpartisan leaguq conference held .Qt.St. Paul, Minnesota, Given to redeem the world from error, September 18-20, 19117. Endorsement wa!- also given to the 'There were no need of and forts.-Longfellow. �( Pagt twelve · 1 The W_a s Schmidt Guilty? [This 'is the eighth instal~ent of job Harriman's address lo the jury in the Los Angeles dynamiting case. Back numbers JOe.] A r S A .RESULT of this ordinance prohibiting conversation between union and non-union men, over 1four hundred men were arrested in Los Angeles. · The ·' jails were full to overflowing. ' Here stood a multitude of unarmed hard-working men whose wages were scarcely sufficient to keep the wolf from the door. They were met with this criminally cruel ordinance, backed by the policeman's club, and the bayonets and musketry of the state militia; and standing army. The members of the merchants' and maunfacturers', backed by the Erectors' Association, laughed and jeered at the workers as they struggled against the terrible power that had just been arrayed agatnst them. And now comes the prosecutor from Indianapolis, jeeering and sneering at' the sacrifices made by these men. He does not know their suffering and their heartaches. His path in life has been strewn with roses. He has no sympathy with them and hence cannot understand them. He had rather shut his eyes to the suffering of the poor and helpless victims than to see two dollars and twenty-five cents a day diverted from the coffers of his clients, to the pockets of each of the producers. You heard his heartless sneers when he said that the organizers were living with manicured nails, while the rank and file were bearing the burdens in the factories and mills. His statement is not true. I wonder if he ever thought of the sixty million dollar fee that Mr. Morgan received for organizing the billion dollar steel trust, from which the gentleman is said to receive a part of his compensation for working in. this case. How does a sixty-million doliar fee sound to the man who receives seven dollars a week strike fees, or -twelve dollars a week for sixty hours work, or twenty-five dollars a week as organizer, especially when they know that sixty million dollars was a part. of their product which they should have received for their labor? Do not such fees make it imperatively necessary for unions to employ organizers? Were it not for their organizations their wages would be forced down still lower and their poverty would be unbearable. Were it not for the unions they would not have enough tv ouy Christmas presents .for the babies of which Mr. Grow testifi~d. much less three hundred thousand dollars with which to force their wages up from two dollars and twenty-five cents to four doliars and fifty cents a day. I wonder how much was spent during that fight by the merchants' and manufacturers' and the erectors' associations? We are told by reliable authority that the first subscription was upwards of one hundred thousand dollars and that several subscriptions were called for by the association. In the very heart of the fight, while the . forces of each side were still determined, while that wicked ordinance was being enforced, with over three hundred men in jail, with the delegates of the State Building Trades gathering for their c\mvention; and with a parade in which thirty thousand men marched, organized ready for action, the terrible explosion occurred. No greater calamity to the labor movement could possibly have happened. It was so foreign to the policies and methods employed by the managers of the Los Angeles strike that for a time paralyzed their activities, and created consternation in their camp: Yet, instinctively, they all felt that it was not of their doing. Confidence was quickly restored and the movement was soon far more powerful than ever before. The light in the court was carried on with increasing fierceness; the police were forced to act with greater energy; more men were arrested and thrown into jail; the union increased Western Comrade • in numbers; the political party membership multiplied at an unprecedented· rate; and the city government was practically in the hands of the working class Wilen othe second great crisis occurred, that is, when the plea of guilty was entered. We are entitled·to a jury that knows nothing of this plea of guilty. Especially are we entitled to a jury of twelve men who had never formed an opinion as to how the Times disaster occurred. I know you have sworn that you would set your opinions. aside; but try as you may, that is practically an impossibility. An opinion once formed requires facts to displace it. That opinion cannot be set aside or discarded, but can only be overthrown by ot~er facts. I:Jence when ?: juror believe's ~ fa~t of such great Importance m a case, .as ts the plea of gUilty m this case, that iuror unconsciously requires the defendant to prove himself innocent. · ' It was for this reason that we challenged some of you and not because we did not have confidence m your integrity. Now that you are chosen as jurors it is your sworn duty to require the prosecuti'on to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the Times building was blown up by dynamite, and to refrain from considering the pie~ of guilty as completely as though it had not been entered. Not only must they prove that the building was blown up by dynamite, but by eight-percent dynamite, bought in San Francisco by this defendant. If the Times building was blown up by nitro-glycerine brought from Indianapolis to Los Angeles by ]. B. McNamara, then this defendant must go free. In connection with this fact you must remeplber that the movement here spent over three hundred thousand dollars, when less than one thousand would have sufficed if the movement had been using dynamite. Then, too, you must keep in mind during your deliberations the character of the men with whom you are dealing. These men were spending their live5 in a humanitarian movement. They were sacrificing everything for the interests of their fel-· lows. S uch men are not 'murderers. Their methods are constructive and not destructive. They are seeking to save life and not to destroy it. They are not men of money but of convictions. That man never lived, however rich, who wouid not give all his money for his life. But the men of whom I speak are not only giving their services, but they would give their lives for their convictions. They have the spirit of the La timers, the Galileos, and the Lincolns; w~ile those who are . lighting for money are only in .the class with the Rocke- . · fellers. Greed is their inspiration and money determines what their conduct will be. But the men in charge of this great labor struggle were inspired by their love for humanity and their actions were determined by their convictions. You remember Mr. Sharenberg, the secretary ot the State Federation of Labor? He is the editor of the "Coast Seaman's journal." He is a member of the State Housing commission. This is an honorary position. It requires a great deal of time. The gentleman from Indiana could not understand why Mr. Sharenberg should be spending so much time for nothing. This prosecutor would have been looking for a lucrative position. But Mr. Sharenberg is found in an honorary position where he can aid in housing the poor, without remuneration. · This is precisely where Sharenbe.rg and is associates will always be found. Their interest in humanity leads them there. · Do you think they are murderers? Do you thing Mr. Gal- · lagher and Mr. Walsh who have spent their lives at similar work for a meager consideration, would engage in blowing up a ~uilding ~nd destroyin~ human lives? They were on the stnke committee, and /;1c!y accounted for every dollar of the �The Western Comrade Page 't hirt- · funds that came into their hands mcluding the thousand dollar floors and the explosion went up instantly through the roof . check that came from the East to T veitmoe. These men are with flames and smoke. Precisely the same thing happened in l a~dermen in San Francisco. They believe 'in political action, the Times ~uilding that· happened on Second Street. It is as you do. Their methods, are all constructive. They belong positively known that gas was the cause of the disaster on to a differ~nt school from those in charge of the Eastern cam- S'!cond Street; and all the testimony given here shows that paign. Sur'e]y you will not lay this disaster at their door. dynamite will not ignite ink or paper;- hence they have not There is not one scintilla of evidence to indicate that they woven that dynamite, but they have proven that gas, was the are even indi'rectly involved. r cause of the disaster in the Times buildi'ng. You are bound Now, gentlemen, you promised to set aside the fact that by your oath to accept the evidence given here and to disJ. B. McNamara pleaded guilty. I know you cannot forget it, regard the plea of guilty entered by j. B. McNamara. A but in as far as ·you .can, set it aside. Try to get it out of your plea of guilty entered by ot\ler men means nothing in this case. mind. Now let me ask you if the State has proven that the There might be a thousand reasons why such a plea should Times building was blown up.. by dynamite, and did they prove · be entered. that the dynamite was eighty per cent? . Again; Mr. Mulholland said the point of explosion was Let me direct your attention to the testimony of Mr. Mul- thirty-five feet back from Broadway and one or two feet from holland. He testified that, in his opinion, dynamite or some the wall of Ink alley . • other high explosive was the agency that caused the disaster; Let me call your attention to the plans for the floor of Ink that it was placed a few feet east of the ink tank and within alley. You will obser e that a .slab of concrete six feet wide two feet of the north wall of the alley; that he thought the ex-. extendecJ along the north side of the alley, and from the plosion fired the ink in the adjacent barrels and thus burned middle wall to the east end of the alley, and that a slab of the buildings. sidewalk glass four feet wide joined the slab of cement and Yoii will remember that Mr. Mulholland and Koebig and formecJ the remainder of the Ink alley floor; being the south Garbet and others tried an experiment with the dynamite and side. Now you will observe that a six inch steel beam supink close togeth"r. Mr. Mulholland was in charge of the ex- ported both the cement slab and the slab of sidewalk glass, at periment. Mr. G~rbet testified that the oil was set on fire, but the line where they met, the beam running from the same testified that during thirty years of experience he had never middle wall to the east end of the ailey. seen dyn amite set anything on fire before. Mr. Mulholland You will observe that the point of explosion as located by testified that the dynamite did not set the oil on fire but that }/lr. Mulholland was from one to two feet from the north wall the fuse fired the paper and the oil caught fire from the burn- of the alley. This places the point of explosion four feet ing paper (Volume 42, 3045). According to the theory of north of the steel beam. the prosecution, the dynamite in the Times building was deThis steel beam is the one that was broken and placed in tonated by an electric spark set off by a clock and battery. evidence. There is not an engineer on earth that will tell Such a contrivance would not even ignite paper. you that dynamite .will sheer a beam lying four feet from the Mr. Koebig, the chemist for the 'prosecution, stated pos- point, of exp1osion. The air would form a cushion, whicli itively 1tha1!' none of the gases resulting from the reaction of would yield, and at the worst the explosion would only bend dynamite would set fire to anything, but each a nd every one it. But the beam was broken with a downward stroke, . and would extinguish fire. if it had been broken by a blow from dynamite lying to the According to the testimony of the State it could not have side of it, the . beam would have been dri·ven sidewise. been dynamite that ignited the ink. 13ut all three of these . Nor can the dynamite be placed four feet further south, so - rnen were of the opinion that an explosion of gas would ignite that the blow could be delivered downward upon the beam. ink. For many reasons it must remain where he placed it or all his testimony falls. I asked Mr. Mulholland the following questions: "Suppose you had a room sixly feet long; suppose it was You will remember that he said that the north ends of four ~n ~ndinary fraine building full of gas, properly mixed with beams which rested in the wall on the 'north side of the alley, air, that is, properly oxygenized; and suppose the gas wer~ were blown out of their sockets, and to the east. If this is exploded; what would happen?" He said · the force would true, the dynamite must be -left near the north wall. If it seek the line .of least resistance. I will read from the tran- were placed far enough south to break the beam it would have script of his testimony. · blown the south ends of the beams out instead of the north Question- "Would it go out at the windows or blow out the ends; but the south ends remained in their places. Hence the walls and ceiling?" dynamite, if th ~ re were any, must ·have been near the north Answer- "lt would blow the walls out and lift the ceiling." wall. Furthermore, it must have been near the north wall if Question-"SupJ)OSe a charge of dynamite were laid against· it is true that it blew a hole through the wall. You will one of the walls and exploded. what would happen?" remember that Mr. Mulholland testified that it did. Answer- " It would blow a hole through ·the wall." He abo testified that the stroke was radial, and that was Question- "Leaving ·the remainder of the walls and ceiling why it knocked the . beams to the east and caved in the ink substantially intact?" • tank to the west. But the north end of the ink tank was inAnswer- "Yes." tact and the south end, furthest away, was caved in. The Question-;-:-" Are you fam,i,liar with gas explosion s~" north end of the ink tank and the north end beams were on Answer- Yes, I saw one. an east and west line. Why did it strike the north end of the Question ...."Which one did you see?" beams, and leave the nor:th end of the IJlnk intact? And why Answer-"! saw the one at Second Street here."· did it strike the so~ end of the tank and leave the south end Question-" Where were you sitting_? " ' 1 of the beams intact? Answer-"ln the rear room of the Willcox building. The fact is, the north ends of the beams were driven out of heard the explosion, and flames and smoke shot up through their sockets by a heavy cement arid brick cornice, falling from the floor, lifting the floor." the top of the five story brick wall, as we have shown you. You remember his testimony? The gas on Second Street . The south ends of the beams were thus left intact; the south lifted the floor and the flames and smoke shot up through the end of the ink tank was bent, and the six inch beam directly roof; but he said dynamite would leave the ceiling intact. by its side was broken by a heavy lathe falling upon them from What happened in the Times building? The gas lifted the the story above. · �Page fourteen. .. I · The Western Comrade ·) ( Criminality~--The B-y H . A. S e as ions Probation :Sy_stem · Bill for his shortcomings till he breaks again for the saloon to write more bad checks, to buy more whiskey, to drown more !This is the second article on of crime. Sessions misery. Instead of putting Bill Brown in the penitentiary for has had fifteen years' experience in this work.] ten y~ars, leaving his wife to run a '~blind pig" and his HE ultimate effect of the probatiQn system of dealing daughters. to drift into prostitution, he should be · sent to a with delinquents will be a complete overthrow of the farm home for inebriates, built up in body, mind and charexisting theory of criminology as practiced for the last acter; while at home his family, under the care of a trained hundred years in our courts. By easy stages, legislators, home-builder, with proper financial aid, teaches the wife to judges, lawyers, and people in general will realize that so- buy and cook food economically, to sew and mend, and all called criminals are not much different frorr; other people; the other little intricacies of household economics. Meanthat they are as much a product of society! as a minister, while, get rid of the corner saloon . .Then later on a real man banker or a society woman, for which society itself is res- will come back to a real home, and the nation's foundation . . ponsible, and for which it must accept the burden. 1s once more secure. In answering a protest against the release of a delinquent A recent Fresno case is a fair examp)e o f the crimes• comon probation, I frequently say, "We created the conditions . mitted against cr~minals. John Innocenceo of I532 G Street, which made him a criminal, and we ought not to be ashamed worked five or stx years for the Thompson Bros. as a comof him." A drunken man was kicked out of a saloon by the mon laborer. Because contracting work is very irregular and proprietor and lay sprawling on the walk. Calling the nearest because his wife has not been in good health, he was unable policeman, the saloonkeeper asked to have him taken away. · t~ save money. During the last six months 'he has been out of The officer, with gentle irony, said, "Leave him there, it's work most of the time, partly because he had a long seige of ~ood advertising." typhoid fever and was very weak, The old idea has been th:lt a crimpartly because there was no work to inal is· such because he wills to be. To gain a few nickels he be had. Because he intended to commit the began bootlegging; he was · arrested. S soon as we come to our crime he must be punished. Legislafined $I 00.00 and fo r want of money tors and jurists, with the chief execucommitted to jail, where he now is. senses we will learn that crime tioner in the "Mikado" singResults: A sick, penniless woman, is a disea~e. Psychopathic experts, "My object so sublime, with rent unpaid, a pretty dal!ghter of I will achieve in time, thirteen in a dangerous situation, a psychologists, criminologists, will be To _make the punishme)lt fit the man in jail earning nothing, wearing employed by the ~ourt to find out cnme, out his clothes, and every day becomThe punishment fit the crime." ing less fit for work. In the last ·anwhy the man commits crime, and Courts and legislators have not been alysis lnnocenceo deprived the state interested in the poor devil of a crimof a few cents license tax money; on the remedy will be applied to the inal as a m<!-n, but in the juridical the other hand society robbed him ofsource- of the crime as well a s to aspects of a legal "case." Dead hands a job, denied him a home, infected of precedent reach up and draw the him with typhoid, robbed his wife of the victim of the social disease. cowering, shrinking wretch down into her support, and exposed the daughter to all the dangers of poverty in .evil the grave of hopeless despair. A hundred years ago the good surroundings. Yet according to law, every officer involved in the case, from . church people declared that insanity was a visitation ·of the wrath of God on a · man for his in- police.man to judge, did his duty and deserves only comiquity, so the insane were locked in padded cells or loaded mendation. with chains and manacles. Science finally demonstrated that A reasonable administration of social justice would liave insa·nity is a disease. Alienists, psychologists, nerve specaiven this man an education and a trade, made it possible for him to own a small home that· could not be taken' away from ialists, ssurgeons and physicians of the highest skill are now him , taken care of him \vhen sick, and guaranteed him work, empl~yed to cure the insane .. As soon as we come to our right senses we will learn that or forfeited unemployment insurance, and it would have been vastly cheaper, social efficiency considered. cri~e is a disease. Psychopathic experts, psychologists, criminologists, will be employed by the court to find out why the Criminality is the result of the interaction between a man's p ersonality and his environment. And he is usually responsman commits crime, and the remedy will be applied to the ible tor neither: Abe Ruef co~d not be Woodrow Wilson, source of the crime as well as to the victim of the social disnor could Woodrow Wilson be Abe Ruef, no matter how much ease. will either might bring to bear. If this be true it is obvious John Doe steals because his parents had syphilis in their blood. Instead of confining him in a dungeon ·as a dangerous that when we find a criminal we should change the environbeast, the obvious remedy is to send him to a hospital, clean ment from bad to ·good and put only such restraint. on the man as may be necessary to protect society. He should make up his blood, teach him a useful occupation, give him a job, under friendly supervision. And, on the other hand, wage restitution for his wrong-doing and damage done. Then we should go to the source of the crime and apply the remedy war on the disease that made him a criminal, and see to it that John Doe's brother's and sisters, also with tainted blood, there. . do not bring children into the world. . The law providing for investigations by the probation offi. Bill Brown writes bad checks to buy whiskey to drown his cer preceding the sentencing of an offender is a short step misery because his wife's Ignorance makes family living cost toward a reasonable interpretation of the causes of the crime more than Bill can possibly earn; when he goes home, the and efficient methods of correction. In the care of the probation officer of Fresno county there •lattemly Mf• <ufh Md '~' ( lot of Wrty bn.u, aod =ld• the' treatment T A 1 �The We,stern Comrade Page Mteen are now 110 men on probation, wards qf the superior court. bring him tt the point where jail ·is almost a relief. Where Three of them were convicted by juries and the remainder a man is a· :ested for failure to provide and has no work, how pleaded guilty. The technical charges against these men can the officers of the law compel him to provide?. include manslaughter, robbery, burglary, forgery, arson, rape, More than half the time the wives are more to blame than larcency, embezzlement and other offenses against p·ersons and their husbands in the "failure to provide" cases. Extravaproperty. Among them, so far as we know, there are no gance, ignorance, laziness, bad temper, immorality on the "profession-a l" criminals. There are not mome than two or part of women make bad husbands. three that are not good workers when suitable work is proThe almost universal . use of checks has niade the "bad vided them. che.c k" business a great burden on the courts. This class of If these 11 0 men on probation from Fresno courts were in crimes is one of the "labor pains" of expanding civilization. San Quentin penitentiary they would be costing the people We put the tool of commerce into the hands of weak and unHtarly $8000 a year more than they earn. The probation office trained men and must expect bad results. The officers of the investigates them and then cares for them for less than $2000. law are trying to supply the lacking education. There is no The earnings of these men is not less than $40,000 a year. crime more easily detected. Professional criminals seldom A good many are earning over $100 a month. The profits on resort to it. their wages is no small item to a community. Many of them Probation is granted in rape cases, only when the female, have families who receive their earnings, which go far to make being under eighteen, has given consent, and is herself de· their children better citizens.· linquent and previously unchaste. The age of consent is now Of all men placed on probation, about 70 per cent arc eighteen. Theoretically a girl should not be aWe to consent completely restored to good citizenship, about 10 per cent to a "de facto" marriage unless she can enter into a marriage manage to keep out of jail, another 10 per cent fails to repo~t "de iuris" 'without the consent of parents. and the other I 0 per cen t are turned into court and given new In practice, however, a 'great many girl~ in California are or their original sentences. I fully developed women at thitteen, and beg·in promiscuous The superior court judges have now, under the present law, relations with the other sex, long before that age. Long the ri ght to refer a case to the probation officer for investi- before they have arrived at the legal age of consent, eighteen, gation, in order to get any information they become parasites of the most which might help to determine the dangerous class. I do not believe that The length of sente nce advisable. rape is the proper charge against a sheriff's office, through its bureau of E are gradually beginning to man entangled in such a net and freidentification, is of great assistance, quently probation is the best solution treat the criminal as a moralboth to the court and the probation of the problem after conviction or plea · ly sick person, and to accept a part office. The United States government of guilty. · maintains an exchange at Fort LeavAside from education and training of the responsibility of producing enworth, Kansas, which keeps the picthere will•be no abatement in the numhim. Every time I see a criminal tures, fin ger-prints and Bertillon measber of rape cases until we have either uremen ts of every man convicted of a in court, I say to myself "Somebody open houses of prostitution or an equal felony and sent to a state prison, and opportunity for all men to maR}', build has failed." The parent, the teacha great many others. The probation homes and rear families. I am some..o er, the minister, the neighbor, the office sends inquiries concerning crimwhat inclined to favor the latter plan. inals, all over the world if necessary. Some of my neighbors prefer to boost community, th e state-somebody In one recent case, replies were rethe cost of livin g, the price of lancl. has failed, and for our failures we ceived from letters sent to J apan, and by withholding education, trainmust accept our burden. China, India, En-gland and Canadaing and opportunity, condemn men to lifelong celibacy. by letter we chased him a round the world. By working in this way, it is Gambling dens cause many cases of embezzlement, theft, and all the almost impossible for a crim1. al with . a recotd ·to get away from the probation office control. other crimes aga inst property. It is a strange thing that The natur«l passions and weaknesses account for most of society will tolerate the professional gambler. who makes their offenses. More than half of their crimes were committed absol utely no return to society · for his mai'ntenance, supplies when out of work and money. Many of th ese were out of no ge nuine human need, and wrecks many a life. · money beca use of drink, gambling and bad women. Then The lack of religious and moral training is noticeable in when moneyless, jobless, hungry and cold, they attempt to most offenders against the law. Unless a man has had the spiritual awakening his ideals are usually low. An old-fashioncollect taxes for the poor. When drinking, men commit crimes they would not ordin- ed conversion is about the only thing that can bring him arily commit when sober; but under temptation or necessity, back to 5elf respect. ' they will commit the crimes when sober that they commit when Most criminals come from poor homes, careless parents, drunk. That is, liquor clouds their reason, or nullifies their divorced parents, father or mother <1ead. State aid to oracquired self-restraint. Ordinarily, the moderately drunken phans. and abandoned children, workmen's compensation, life man is the natural man-with soul laid bare. Usually one who insurance, fraternal organizations, better schools and concommits a crime when drunk would like to commit it when he t~1Uou s employment at fair wage5 are partial remedies that is ~ober . The drunken crime is usually the fruit of d sober are worth consideration . wish or intent. We are gradually beginning to · treat the crimin;J.l as a "Failure to provide" is a felony in California. No penni- morally sick person, and to accept a part of the responsibility less man d1.11 provide without suitable work. Many a man of' producing him. Every time I see a criminal in court, I say to myself. "'Somebody his failed." The parents, the teacher. ·lo~es interest in his· home because he can't be a man among men and,still take enough home to supply his family's needs. the minister, the neighbo r, the community, the state-someHis wife then loses her affection for him. Then loss of work, body has failed, and fo r our failures we must accept our sickness, poverty, suffering, beat down his self-respect and burden. W �Page sateen The -Western Comrade Louisiana-ing un-de Lux~e By Robert K. Williams THE other day when I was doing useful work-that of making the new quarters of the printinl? establ!shment ot tlie Western Comrade and the Colomst habttable and rainproof in their new home in Stables, L~uisiana-the rapid footsteps of the editor noisily approached fro!Jl the rear, and without a moment's warning or delicacy of approach, said: "Here, Doc, come through with three to five thousand words on your trip by auto · from Llano, California, to Stables, Louisiana. · Be sure to write enough stuff, for I'll hav~ to cut a lot of it out, and it's easier for me to slash it than lill in myself-and be pront-o and, above all, be careful." I stopped sawing long enough to watch his red-sweatered form vanishing throu gh the doorway and from his gait realized . that he wa s a strenuous individual who brooked no back · talk, delays, or mistakes. That word "pronto" evidently is a slang phrase he picked up from some cow-puncher, and means " gel together," or something like that, and the injunction \O be careful is a heritage of co-operative life learned on the stressful links of Llano's sloping plains. All right, Mister Editor, here's a pronto and careful story 1 Colonists at Llano. California. jus t before starting auto trip to Louisiana. AH Llano bade them "God -speed." of an utid~luxe expei:lition by Ford auto from sunbaked and thirsty Antelope Valley, California, to the forest-dad and cut-over highlands of green and sunny Louisiana-a journey of 2305 miles of tip-hill and down-dale; of trackless valleys woven in mystic mazes by the feet of countless desert animals; u·p grades, miles in length; over divides ; swinging on mountain sides amid scenes of majestic gra ndeur ; crawling on the sides of panoramas sublime and impressive beyond description; and witnessing sunrises and sunsets that painted the heavens and mighty crags and ~alleys in colors and shades supernal. Isn't it an interesting thin g about a person when writing a · a description of anything striking or unusual to note that he says such and such is indescribable, proceeds to yank every adjective from the dictionary in his vain attempt to make you see it, too? However, not that I used' but one unusual word in the above description of the 2300 mile trip, it being "supernal," meaning heavenly. Be .it ·confessed that I used other words about the trip and my companions during· the voyage. · Before going much further I may carefully state that we arrived after four of us had been closely associated for twentythree days, still speaking to each other it is true, but quite 1 distantly. There were times on the trip that I thought my happiness would be complete if a gila monster would bite Babb on the neck and forever silence him, or if a tarantula would nip off the end of Bruel's finger and thereby cause . him to die; and as for the fourth member of the crew. Bert Kenny, he deserved slaughter by starvation, for his silence or his exuberant singing when some horrible accident occurred to me (such· as bumping a lump on my head when trying to enter the moving car). Yes, at times I hated the whole wad of them, and I believe I remember someone of the party casting aspersions on me-in fact, I recall no\V. several times, when not only one, but all of them, talked about me in a most heinous fashion. I recall, too, that words wouldn't come fast enough to convey my inward contempt for them, and it gives me pleasure to look back and see how it cut them when I spoke crossly. Babb says I have a way ·o f saying things that hurt, but he magnanimously adds that he never pays any attention to what I say. ~. Four cars left Llano on November 15 ; 1917, for Stables, Louisiana. These Fords, in proper order of lineup, consisted of the following colonists; Enoc Irwin and john Suhre filled the front seat, in addition to other impedimenta such as guns, cooking utensis, tools and excess clothing. john and Anton Van Nuland risked their lives, property and reputations, in the back sea t. They were all cleanly shaven and wore white coveralls with the word "Llano" sewed on their sturdy chests. When they arrived at Wildhorse, Texas, their chests were stil! sturdy, but their coveralls were not white .and they were not clea nl y shaven. Next in order came Jess Morris in his cleanly-wiped Ford, and arrayed in old clothes. With him were Wm. De Boer, Fred Allen and Abe Ginsberg, all cleanly shaven and dressed d ifferen lly. · Abc's red sleeping cap and khaki coveralls fooled some refined fellow in New Mexico who grew embarrassed when he inquired whether .he regularly wore his pajamas in the day time.· The third car was richly laden with kitchen utensils and supplies for the inner foundry ·and bedding for some of the choicest of humanity·, namely, M. E. Babb, five feet ·three, myself 178 pounds·; Ed Bruel, six feet one, whose legs could easily use the radiator for a footstool, and Bert Kenny, whose newly-purchased boots crowded and fought for floor spa,ce with the stewpan and coffee pot. We were cleanly shaven and · soon admitted . that we were taking our lives in our hands, exhibiting .a darin g equal .to that of a mustang _breaker, when we submitted our precious selves to Babb's care. Henry Monahan, with Dr. jewett, and small dog Trix, brought up the rear in a Metz. They were cleanly shaven (all except T rix. the only one who said nothing one way or the other, the whole way through). Trix never lost his buoyancy or desire to chase after stones whenever the cars stopp~d. The rest of us, however, frequentl_x lost our buoyancy and even the ability to throw stones for littfe T rix. I have asked the opinion of everyone who made. the trip &nd he has expressed it freely and most emphatically, but many one-sided conversations with T rix have elicited no response save an intelligent look and an immediate search for a stone. Spme day I hope we humans will evolve to the reticence of a· dog, and then a lot of trouble will be averted. This was to be a co-operati-ve, pioneer, prospecting expedition for the purpose of deciding whether it wovld be best fqr the remaining Llanoites to come by autos or train to their new home. A. · A. Stewart furnished me with a lot of selfaddressed postals to record our daily doings and runs. These ..... ) �.. The Western Comrade were to be mailed to him on the .fly and he was to transmit the truthful impressions to the colonists left behind. For weeks these slugs of truth .filtered through my very soiled fingers over the glow of the camp fire or percolated through the aroma of a milligan stew, and truthfully conveyed the salient slants and shafts to a waiting populace. As a result, Bert Engle, acting sup~rintendent of the Llano ranch, / chartered several cars, and 130 colonists followed by train so close on our heels that we hardly had time to forget them until they joyfully wrung our hatids down here. But that's another story. Enoc's injunction to us all, before leaving Llano, was to keep together, the car behind to watch the tires of the car ahead. We did so pretty well for a half mile, but we found in exceedingly difficult to see Enoc's tires when he was a hundred miles ahead , or was riding through the gloom. Four minutes of active jolting on the road convinced us that watching the other fellow's tires was mere superfluity and merry persiflage on the part of Enoc, born of a misunderstanding of auto-tandem-travelling. -· When we left Llano, the whole populace turned out to bid us God-speed, or something similar, and we had our pictures taken in attitudes of travelers. which made us feel like real persons of importance, and when- ;. ur good friends crowded arot;nd us and grasped our hands and said words fraught with new meaning, a lifting of the old clouds of doubt vanished, and out heart~ hastened with a new beat in response to that golden cord which binds us all and which only appears at epochal times, such as at partings or reunitings. People whom we did not know possessed the inw<~rd beat, pressed forward hands and ~aid things that even yet tingle at the heart, and make our old hopes and affections beat with new ardor. We are all better than we seem. We are all better than we act. The good and noble . and magnanimous is preponderant and only, misunderstandings cause it to swerve or lose potency. Given a cond!tion requ iring quick expression of the sympathies and feelin gs, the love inheren t in evhy human breast bursts forth, and like the flower opening to the sun, gives forth a sweetness too ~ubtlt! for words, and delicious raptures -fill the breast. I say it was goc:>d to have these sincere folks bid us adieu and wi~h t:s f.afely on our way. Of course, no one noticed this but me and that's the reason I'm talking about it. A discovery s~ould be known, for mankind progresses in this way. We were to go by way of San Diego, Yuma, etc., and like a c.onquering army, started off to San Diego and got as far as Los Angeles. We stayed overnight, bidding wives goodbye and the various fri ends we had acquired there on our several visits to that wide-a~ake burg. It was like leaving home, indeed, to tear ourselves away, bravely to sta.rt for far away Louisiana. A funny something 'stood it1 my throat as I waved -- my little b~l!er half a nd her good and faithful friend, Mrs. Webber, goodbye from the rear of a fas~moving electric car in one of the pretty suburbs. But we soon turned t6 sterner things. Meeting the boys at a ga rage designated the night before, we bought a lot of things for the trip. During our rounds of the various automobile agencies we got a report that the southern route was blocked by sand. There was nothing to do tut believe it, and accordingly, at noon that same day, we retraced our steps part of the way and camped that night one mile from Victorville, 32 miles from Llano. Had the colonists known that we had traveled two days and were 32 miles from our starting point. a raucous laugh would have jarred the rafters of the auditorium. However, we were on our way · and traveled 132 miles that day. The camp was cold and dismaL Wanting to facilitate dress-. ing in regular traveling togs in the morning, I undressed rat~er completely and laid down to pleasant dreams! The lymg down and the. dreams were not pleasant. The awakening · Page aeventeen was cruel, cold and embarrassing. One of the fellows turned o~er, gentle like, something like a horse, and left me sleeping wtth the canopy of night and the glittering stars for covering. Cold? I hope that ice is not one of the punishment's in future store for me, or any of my friends. I was so cold I was afrai(} ' to move when I awoke for fear I would break in two. When I shiveringly put on my clothing: and I had mentioned the fact that I had slept cold to fourteen travelers, a hearty, coarse laugh 'from their hardy pioneer chests greeted the announcement. Their sympathies froze during the night, even thou,gh they slept with their clothes on. Right there I learned a valuable lesson, and after that, the moment I found my cap in the morning, I was dressed. After a breakfast eaten long before dawn ·with the steam from the coffee pots standing in icy sentinels, we started for Barstow, the re<}l first step on the southern journey. • Before going on, let us go back a few miles and again have a look at famous El Cajon pass. It's worth while. The road is as nearly perfect as human hands and machinery can make it. It is a continuous up grade for miles, and ever-winding. New and impressive views appear at every turn. It was late in the afternoon when our f6ur cars laboriously chugged upward. With the new views and the reflection f~m a lowering· sun, came weird and wonderful pictures on the distant mountain side. Colors and shades, seemingly endl~ss in variety, "'Can we afford to ford with a Ford r· . came and went while watching. Indeed, the true meaning of the kaleidoscope became clear. Arriving at the top. we all stopped, allowing our faithful and courageous Henrys to get a b~ath, and went over to a point which gave us a view of the great basin below. A railroad track wound up and around, making graceful curves, and trains tugging upward, looked like toy cars, so small did they seem from our height. Californians are ·proud, of this fine road with its impressive beauty. We were all deep in the delights of the picture, viewing and drinking in the inspiration which is sure to come if one's soul is as big as the chambered mind of a mosquito, and desiring the silence usually present when prayer is offered up, when Gins- 1 berg broke the spell and in a voice suggestive of hectic fever, · said: "Let's go; let's go! Louisiana is far away and its getting dark. Its getting dark. Hurry lip; come on!" Someone said something about eating and Abe reiterated the fact th~t Louisiana was far off and that it was costing the Colony $20 an hour for every minute we loitered. And we hastened back to our waiting burden-bearers, started pell-mell on~ard and camped near Victorville, as I have already said. and where, if it had been much colder, Louisiana would still (Coniinued on Page 37) �c Th 'C What By Emma Goldmao • IS I Western Comrade , Anarchism? America continues to be blind to the inevitable bankruptcy of our business in production. Nor is this the only crime of the NARCHISM is the philosophy of a new social order latter. Still more fatal is the crime of turning the producer based on liberty unrestricted byj man-made law; the 'into .a mere particle of a machine, with less will and decision theory that all forms of government rest on violence, and than his master of steel and iron. Man is being robbed not merely of the products of his labor, but of the power of free are therefore wrong and harmful; as well as unnecessa~Y·. ; The new social order rests, of course, pn the mater~ahshc initiative, of originality, and the interest in, or desire for, the basis of life· but while all anarchist> agree that the rnam ev1l things he is making. today is an 'economic one, they maintain that the so~ution. of . .. An~l'Chism ~annot but repu~iate such a method of producthat evil can be brought about only through the consJ?eration tion: Its goal IS the freest possible expression of all the latent of every phase of life, -individual, as well as collective; the powe~s .of Jhe individaul. Oscar Wilde defines a perfect per~onahty as "one who develops under perfect conditions, who · internal as well as ·the external phases. Anarchism is the only philosophy which brings to man the IS not .wounded, m.aime.d, or in danger." A perfect personality, consciousness of himself ; which maintains that God, the state then, 1s only possible 111 a state of society where man is free and society are non-existent, that their promi'ses ~re null ~nd to choose the inode of work, the conditions of work, and the void, since they can be fulfilled only through man s .subord!na- fre.ed?m to work. One to whom the making of a table, the . tion. Anarchism is, therefore, the teacher of the umty of hfe; b111ldmg of a house, or the tilling of the soil, is what the not merely in nature, but in mal!.' There is no conflict be~ween . painting is to the artist and discovery to the scientist-the the individual a nd social instincts, any more than there Is be- result of inspir~tion, of intense longing, and deep interest in tween the heart and the lungs ; the one the receptable of a work as a creative force. That being fhe ideal of anarchism its economic arrangements must con~ precious life-essence, the other the resist of voluntary productive and dispository of the element that keeps the tributive associations, gradually develessence pure and strong. The individ•lllliiiiiiiiiUIIIIJIIIIJIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII\IIIIllllllll\11111\lllllllllllllllllll~i . oping into free communism, as the best ual is the heart of society, conserving means of producing with the least the essence of social life ; society is waste of human energy. Aaarchism, the lungs which are distributing the "PROPERTY is robbery," said however, also recognizes the right of element to keep the life-essence--rthat the great French anarchist, the individl!al, or numbers of individis ,the individual- pure and strong. Proudhon. Yes, but without risk uals, to arrange at all times for other Anarchism is the great liberator of forms of work, in harmony with their man from the phantoms that"have held and danger to the robber. Montastes and desires. him captive; it is the arbiter and paciopolizing the accumulated efforts Referring to the American governfier of the two forces for individual ment, the greatest anarchist, David of man, property has robbed him of and social harmony. To accomplish Thoreau, said, "Government, what is that unity, anarchism has declared war his birth-right, and has turned him it but a tradition, though a recent one, on the pernicious influences which loose a pauper and an outcast. endeavoring to transmit itself unimhave so far prevented the harmonious paired to posterity, but each instance blending of individual and social inlosing its integrity; it has not the viUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIIII~'llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll stincts, the individual and society. tality and force of a single living man. "Property is robbery," said the .Law never made man a whit more great F r~nch ana'rchist, Proudhon. ·j ust; and by means of their respect Yes, but without risk and danger to . the robber. Monopolizing the · accumulated efforts of man, for it, even the well-disposed are daily made agents of inproperty. has robbed him of his birth-right, and has turned justice." In fact, there is hardly a modern thinker who does not agree him loose a pauper and an outcast. Property has not even the time-worn excuse that man does not create enough to that government, organized authority, or the state, is necessatisfy all his needs. The A B C student of economics knows sary ONLY to maintain or protect property and monopoly. It that the Affi)c!octivity ·of labor within the last few deca!es far has proved efficient in that function only. Even George Bernard Shaw, who hopes for the miraculous exceeeds\ {lormal demand. But what are normal demands to an abnormal institution? The only demand that property from the state under Fabianism, nevertheless admits that "it recognizes 1s 1ts own gluttonous appetite for greater wealth, is at present a huge machi~e for robbing and slave-driving of because wealth means pQwer; the power to subdue, to crush, the poor by br.ute force." T his being the case, it is hard to to exploit, the power to enslave, to outrage, to degrade. see why the clever prdacer wishes to uphold the state after Arnerica is particularly boastful of her great power, her enor- poverty shall have C' Ased to exist. The most absurd : .pology for authority and law is that they mous nation at wealth, Poor America! Of what avail is all her wealth, if the individuals contprising the nation are wretch- serve to diminish crime. Aside from the fact that the state edly poor? If they live in squalor, in filth, in crime, with itself is the greatest criminal, breaking every whtten and nathope and joy gone, a homeless, soilless army of human prey, ural law, stealing in the form of taxes, killing in the form of what reason for boasting? war and capital punishment, it has come to an absolute stand-- ·· It' is generally conceded that unless the returns of any still in coping with crime. It has failed utterly to destroy or business venture exceed the cost, bankruptcy is inevitable. even minimize the horrible scourge of its own creation'. But those engaged in the business of producing •Wealth have Crime is but misdirected energy. So long as every not yet learned even this simple lesson. ' Every year the cost institution · of today, economic, .political, social and moral, of production in human life is growing larger (50,000 killed . conspires to misdirect human energy into wro.Dg channels; so and 100,000 wounded last year); the returns to the masses long as most-people are out of place doing the things they who help to create wealth are ever getting smaller. Yet (Continued ~n Page 34) A �' • The Western Comra•de Page nineteen National N on~Re sis t a.n c e? By Jessie Wallace T Hughan, Ph.D. HE conventional answer is a simple one: a non-resistant country, for the available land and resources are all staked out nation must of course become the prey of its strong ?-S private claims; the second, for the title deeds of the aborigneighbor. mal ruler, may be conferred, for value received, upon whom "The possession of · .talth by a defenseless nation," says the government delights to honor. Hudson Maxim, "is a standing, casus belli to other nations," The most important" difference between the two, however, and "always there has been the nation standing ready · to lies in their availability as a field for investment. Important attack and plunder any other nation when there was likely as are the uses of the colonial world as a source of raw matto be sufficient profit in the enterprise to pay for the trouble." erial and a market for superfluous products, it is not for these This alternative of defense or conquest has up to this time uses chiefly that the modern powers are reaching out greedily been accepted by the majority even of pacifists. The regular for n:w l <~_n?s. As Mr. Louis Boudin has pointed out, the inSocialist of every country expects some form of army and dust.nal na.twns have changed their index of prosperity from navy to continue until the world triumph of the proletariat; textiles to uon and steel, from consumers' goods to producers'. and unilateral disa rmament is repudiated by all peace advo- We are willing to import our small wares from the East if we cates save a few Christian idealists ready for'" martyrdom. build them the machines and the railroads with whi"ch to proThe writer, however, ventures to take excepti~n ·to this due: them. Our capitalists are even ready to turn their atalternative. The United States is indeed a wealthy and dev- te.ntwn to a g~eat extent from home production in order to eloped nation; and Mr. Max-irr is in a8reement with Socialist st tmulate new mdustrial centers in far-off lands. philosophy when he pictures the ruling class of each nation The developed nations are already saturated with capital. By this we do not mean that money is as out for profit. If, at the end of the world war, the United States free or that there are not still many openings for profitable enterprise. We should independently disarm, there are familiar with the principle, howwould remain no military obstacle to undeveloped country is in ever, that as capital accumulates in a the overunning and annexation of the society the marginal units are forced country by the first neighbor who constant danger of seizure into less and less productive uses, these wished to turn a dishonest penny. with or without pretext. Were we units determine the general rate and Such a catastrophe, however, need citizens of Somaliland or Bagdad, normal interest falls. For generations not, we believe, be feared in the slightthe capital of England has sought forest by the United States, the reason we could hardly look with equa~eign investment, and of recent years being a simple one: the seizure of our imity upon the process of world that of France, Germany, and the Unicountry would present to a possible ted States has done the same. · conque• 1r no adequate chance of profempue. Should we, then, advoJ. A. Hobson quotes a ~eries of figit. A wealthy and developed country cate military resistance on the part ures for British for(' ;gn investments is, because of these very qualities, seof those countries? Only as a beginning with 1863, the last amount, cure from attack. for 1893, reaching £1,698,000,000, Let us use our oconomics, and look method of speedy suicide. nearly 15 % of the total wealth of the squarely at the matter from a business United Kingdom. viewpoint. A great power demands It is no wonder, therefore, that the expansion, euphemistic word for the capitalists of the world have of reseizure of territory, and according to both Marx and the capitalist economists, this expansion is re- cent years turned their eyes from the developed to the undeveloped, from the civilized to the uncivilized world. The quired as an outlet for the surplus products of capitalism. Now in what way does the conquered country supply such an decadent nation such as Egypt, India, or Mesopotamia, the outlet? Clearly not in the course of normal trade, for, as savage land such as Congo or Formosa, is devoid of native Norman Angell has conclusively shown, trade does not neces- capital, waiting only for Westerners to send in iron and steel, sarily follow the flag, and with a few artificial exceptions, tame the natives to cheap labor, .and establish for their own a colony such as Canada or Australia buys and sells in the profit a new outpost of industrialism. Here is a field where most profitable market, irrespective of imperial allegiance. capital can be put to the highest prod• •ctive uses, but where It .is not Canada· and Australia, however, but Congo and native races are incapable or undesi"r<.ous of this development Mesopotamia, toward which modern Europe turns covetous and the outside investor has full sway. eyes. It is these undeveloped cvuntries, · whether formal colThe developed country, therefore, is in constant danger of onies or mere spheres of influence, which are the genuine bone seizure with· or without pretext. Were we citizens of Somof contention today ,as constituting the only territory which aliland or Bagdad, we could hardly look with equanimity upon yields an appreciable economic profit to its political possessor. the process of world empire. Should we then advocate military There are great differences betw.:en the developed colony such resistance on the part of those countries? Only as a method as Canada or New South Wales and a possessidn like Soudan of speedy suicide. or Korea. The first is the home of enlightened settlers, who, It is the developed industrial nation alone that is capable as Mr. Angell has explained, buy and sell where profit leads of material resistance in the twentieth century. Yet, from them and refuse to be bound by any except mutually advan- the glimpse we have just taken into the motives of modern tageous trade restrictions; but the second is inhabited by ig- conquest, we find that such a country would be valueless to a norant tribes, unable to assert their trade rights, and an_easy conqueror. As soon as we imagine imperialist methods apprey to the vendor of silk hats or whiskey, as the case may be. plied to the United States, for example, the absurdity of su~h The first type of country, though far richer in every way conquest is apparent. Our country is already saturated with than the secon~. yet belongs to itself rather than to the mother (Continued on Page 38) THE �Side View of the Commissary. This building is Up-to-date, Commodious, and Handles a Good Stock. Tne 1-Juuting Househ old Goods from Sheds ,.. Latest Views of and About the Colony In The Company Office in Which is Transacted a ll the _Financial and Commercial Business of the Colony. �• Ha~dsome Annex of the big Colony Hotel. This View is Taken from the Company Office. No te the Freight Depot on the Righ t. Opposite is the Wa rehouse and Print shop. This Building IS Usef ul fo r a number of Purposes fypical Scenes In Llano del Rio Louisiana A View of the T rain of Six Coaches Which Brought ISO California Co lo ni sts to Louisiana he Brick Ready for Ba~ery View of a part of the Great Mass of Lumber that Accompanied The Louisiana Purchase .• �Page twenty-two 'the Western Comrade A Page of Poems OUT OF CHAOS I am a child of the world. I owe allegiance to no country more than another country; To no flag more than another flag; The boundary of no nation hems me in. And I love no race of people more than another rae~ of people. All humanity to me is sacred And all humanity is one. Oh, a man is a man. He is sacred and marvelous. It matters not where he is born; Or the language that he speaks. His blood is precious. His flesh is wonderful. He is the child of God. I refuse to be robbed of my sanity. I refuse to murder my brother-who is part of myself! I extend my hand to him saying, "You are my comrade, and I love you." -Ruth Le Prade THE VISION MAN'S CHOICE For ages they murder----0 God, how long! Yet still they are singing the old, old song Of "Peace on Earth, Good Will To~ard Men.-" But ever and ever the thundrous voice Of justice is bidding them use th'e choice Implanted by God in the souls of men. Use it, abuse it, renounce it if you will, But out of the chaos it thunders still. It speaks, in a tone they can not elude, Alike to the king and the multitude; Murder and plunder and poverty's hell, Or love and blessing the choice shall tell. Use it, abuse it, renounce if you will, But out of the chaos it thunders still. And they shall account for the blight and wrong, Who, arming for battle, yet sing the song Of "Peace on Earth, Good Will Toward Men.' For ever and ever the terrible voice Of Justice is bidding them use the choice Implanted by God in the souls of men. -Marguerite Head. BEAUTIFUL A wondrous vision thrills the soul of me, Where man, triumphant over lust and greed, Stands glorified in his ascendancy Above the ages' weight of war and creed. No loud-voiced braggart, he, but splendid, true, He finds in labor man's nobility; In art and science blazes paths anew, And honors woman from her bondage free. LET ME CAMP ON THE TRAIL Let me camp on the trail with the restless ones, The ones who cannot be still; Let me share, as they share, from a board that is bare, Through the days that are long and the nights that arc chill; Let me camp on the trail. Great man and woman, human yet divine! Upbuilding cities, light and white and pure, Where daily tasks with lovely scenes combine, And town's and nature's blended gifts endure. Let me shape the arrows that point out the way From the leaders' slash on the trail; Let me feel, as they feel, keen impress of the heel That is thrust upon those who dare to .assail The law of "Ye slaves obey!" . Supernal vision! Man and woman blest! Their minds' achievements crown the realm with grace; Their hands have fashioned homes of love and rest. __ A better country for a better race. . - Marguerite Head. Let me sit by the fire whose bright ruddy glow Reflects from the hearts of men; Let me give, as they give,-of mys~hile I live, That all those who follow shall know 'twas for them That we blazed out the trail. - FeJrel Firth. �' • ., I· fhe Western Comrade Page twenty-three Were the Majority Socialists Rig-ht? No! I ·Yes! B y J. G. P h e I p s S t o k e s By Adolph Germer_ Pro-War Socialist Anti-War Socialist, Secretary National Socialist Party f SEEMS to me so evident that· opposition to the war HAS vastly w~kened the Socialist party, that it does not appear worth while to take fifteen hundred words .to answer the question as to whether such opposition WILL weaken the party. The average membership in the party during the five years immediately prior to 1917 was 94,000. January 31st of this year the membership was 75,840. During the vigorol.ls anti-war campaign, which occupied more space in the Socialist press than anything else during the two months preceding the St. Louis convention, the membership . sank to 67 ,S I 0. By April 30th, two weeks after the adoption of the anti-war resolutions at St. Louis, the membership had fallen to 61 ,594. There then followed an enormou.sly aggressive membership campaign, and a great deal of adverti:;ing space in the party press (in the East at least) was used to bolster up and fortify this campaign, and special deliberate effort was made to rope into the party all the pacifists possible, regardless of their known sympathies with Socialist principles. This appeal for pacifist support was carried to such a point that Morris Hillquit, in opening the 1917 municipal campaign in New York at Madison Square Garden, frankly made the war issue the keynote issue of the Socialist campaign, declaring that the November elections would offer "the first real opportunity to the greatest community in the country to express its sentiments on peace and war," and that the verdict of the citizens of New York would be eagerly awaited by the people of the whole world. A few evenings later, h'e declared before the Brooklyn Civic club "the issue of war and peace will probably be a deciding factor in the coming election. It will be the first opportunity for the people to express themselves on this issue." All of Mr. Hillquit's opponents in the campaign were unequivocally outspoken in pledging their support to the American government in furtherance of the Allied aims in the war, so that no opponent of the war .could logically support any candidate other than Mr. Hillquit. The Socialist campaign for members as well as for votes, in this part of the country, was outspokenly made on that antiwar basis, and I am advised and believe that in general throughout the country an . appeal for members as well as fpr votes, was similarly made on an anti-war basis. This vigorous anti-war .campaign made by the Socialist party during the months immediately preceding the election gained about twenty thousand members for the Socialist party in the country at large, so that in October membership reached about 80,000-this increase of 18,000 or 20,000 members being a direct result of the vigorous anti-war campaign that was carried on. But all these extra efforts made by the Socialist party's campaigners failed to raise the party membership to anywhere near the average of the preceding five years. The . above facts ·supplemented by such letters as John Spargo and myself have received from all parts of the country in connection with the organization of the So~ial Democratic league and of the National party, appear to afford convincin~ evidence- that the Socialist party's repudiation of the cause of International Democracy, as manifested in its attitude toward the present w~r. has cost the party a loss from its member(Continued on Page 34) T HE QUESTION put to me is, "Will opposition to the war weaken the Socialist party?" Any answer I give, of course, may cause some debate. The party has grown in membership· since the St. Louis convention where the famous resolution was adopted. Those who favor the Majority report, quite naturally, and I think justly, claim that this growth is due to our a~ti-war attit)-lde. We Si).Y that had we done as the pro-English Spargo, Simons, Gaylord, et al, wanted us to do, we should be no different from the Democratic and Republican parties. Had we endorsed the war, as they did, what incentive would there be for anyone joining the Socialist party? One could just as well stay with the Democratic or Republican parties, the parties of the steel trust and other ·profit mongers. They stand for the war. True, their program is couched in slightly different language , than that -of Simons, Gaylord and Spargo, but they are for the International killing just the same. Those who have in tbe past called thelhselves Socialist and have joined hands with the worst labor exploiters in the land claim that our increase in membership came from the German ranks. Because we stand consistently by our past declarations on war, we are charged with being agents of the terrible animal that is running loose in Europe-the Kaiser. As Post used to say, "There is a reason for everything." Perhaps the fact that some of tQe ex-Socialists are in the pay of Defense Councils or serve on some sub-committee that has a name a yard long, while others are patted on the back by the plutes and told how intelligent they are, 'accounts for their vaporings against the party's position. Who knows! Thi·s, of course, is aside from the question, but it is important because it may explain why they try to arouse suspicion and distrust in the Socialist party. When the connections of former prominent party members are understood, the Socialist party will not look so Kaiserish after all. But what else can they say to make out the shadow of a case in their vain attempt to weaken the party?' No; our opposition to <ne war has not and will not weaken us. On the contrary, we have proven ou r consistency . . Our position on the war has shown our thorou gh reliability. It has brushed away that doubt in the minds of many who wondered what we would do when the test was put to us. The ·people have !ea.-ned that we do the t~ings we promise in our official declarations. · At the b,eginning of the war, not alone non-socialists, but Socialists as well, the very persons who deserted, or were kicked out of 1he Socialist party, denounced the European Socialists for supporting .. their governments. They wrote lengthy articles, charging comrades with willful dishonesty because they did not agree with the author's "uncom,romising" anti-war prograam. Now this same author is drawing money from tpe Council of Defense. Would anyone say that the loss of persons who dance such mental tangos is weakening the party ? The European Socialists were condemned for supporting the war. We 'are condemned for not supporting it. Moreover, the hideousness of capitalism with its inevitable horPQrs of war will impress itself more vividly on the mind when the realities of war' become more visible. When the results are announced and the legless, armless and eyeless (Continued on Page 34) �• / • Page ~eoty-four The Western Comrade Comment and Criticism By Alec LA FOLLETIE CCASIONALLY, there appears in public life a man who . . . .. . IS the despair of his political associates--and the ho~e . of the people. Such a man is . La Folktte . . Compare him ' ·· with Woodrow Wilson. At bottom, Wilson is probably sincere, but as far as his public utterances are concerned, it is difficult to tell how much of them is idealism and how much is rhetoric; and as far as his public work is concerned, it is just as difficult to tell h9w much of it is principle and how much is political expediency. But La Follette's entire career is ch-a racterized by a hearty earnestnesi and a thorough-going sincerity. Bernard Shaw gave Wil son credit for having made no political mistakes, and Shaw is perhaps right, for Wilson's mistakes have peen, not in politics, but in statesmanship. And when he plunders, he finds it necessary, nevertheless, to continue, finally convincing himself and others that it was really no blunder at all. It is just here that Wilson differs most from La Follette; for, in a matter of broad statesmanship, La Follette's judgment is much surer than Wilson's , and should he find himself in error he is the type of man that would at once sta rt anew. It is this quality that, "in spite of all superficial laws, temporary appearances, profitand-loss calculations," as Carlyle put it, makes men like La Follette invincible . O GERMAN IN THE Wat.kins is not likely to be very amenable to the forces of progress. Let it be understood, ~owever, that it does _no~ fol!ow_ because we do not want children taught that capitalism IS nght that we therefore ·want them taught that Socialism is right: On the contrary, no principle, however well eslllblished, and no opinion , however much it may be venerated, should be taught as absolute truth. To a system of education of that kind is largely due the very widespread aversion among men in later life to the use of their brains. It would be difficult to improve upon Spencer's dictum of a half a century ago that "ch ildren should be told as little .as possible and induced to discover as much as possible." Instead of making the mind of the child a dumping ground for a mass o'f conventional aphorisms ,ready-made ideas and second-hand facts, we should try to induce in it a genuinely independent activity. Every possible expedient should be used to encourage the child to search out its own facts, work out its own ideas and form its own conclusions. After jill. what progress requires of men is not that they be definitely committed to any particular belief. but that they maintain open minds, and that they be cou rageously ready to experiment in the New when the Old has been found wanting. In order to produce a generation of men of this calibre, it will be necessary, not only to dispose of the particular dogmas that enslave today, but also that our educational institutions be kept free from any sort of dogmatising whatever. • SCHOOLS CHESTERTON, MELODRAMA, AND WAR HE CLEVER Mr. Chesterton, in discussing an aspect of the ·war, recently re-asserted his belief that melod~ama accurate ly portrays life. Particularly does he defend the authenticity of the melodramatic villain, even to his conspicuous jewelry, his blood-curdling chuckle, his arrogant stride, his evident delight in evil for evil's sa ke. And of course, in his great tragedy now being enacted, Mr. Chesterton assigns the role of villain to the German. Now it is true that melodrama , and for that matter, the more moderate drama, fa ithfully reflect certain facts of life as we have believed them to be, but not always as they · are. And, of course, iq the play, the problems arising from these facts. are met much as men have met similar problems in their everyday lives, but not as they are learning to meet them in the light of experience. Then, too, while complexity of plot i' essential to the ordinary drama, it takes more than an ordinary dram ati st to even hint at the complexity of life. In melodrama, at least, li fe is a fairly simple matter: there are good people an d bad people in the play, 'and the problem is to reward the good and to punish the bad. a consummatiqn that is devoutly wished, strangely enough , by both the good and the bad people in the audience. However, the more modern drama reflects the growing tendency to regard heroes and EDUCATION villains as but incidents. We are begining to glimpse the unN THE recent New York Gty election the Socialists were derlyin g causes that are th'e real forces for good or ill, and with which we must treat directly if we are to accomplish compelled to take a negative position on the subject of any permanent good. The business of killing villains has education. It is to be hoped that this will not be the case failed as a matter of practical expediency; it has often done always. This matter of education is vital. . It holds the solu- greater dama ge to the virtuou s than to the vicious; and altion of a thousand problems. Socialists need to wake up to ways it has failed te d ry up the springs of villainy. its possibilities. The fact that our educational system, from It must be remembered, too, that in the written· drama, . a the country schoolhouse to the great univ•rsity, is in the hands satisfactory conclusion depends only upon the skill of the of the enemy, is no mere stumbling-block ·on our pa\h. but a . author. But, from Chesterton's own point of view, in our high brick wall. Day by day, children are taught systemat- world tragedy, the author a nd the villain are to be found in the ically the immoralities and inanities of capitalism and war. same person. In any case, whoever the author may be, if A generation nourished on a disease-breeding diet of that kind (Continued on Page 37) 0 NE of the least welcome by-products of the wa r is th e attempt to eliminate the German language from the school curriculum, in various localities. The re is no rational excuse for assumi ng that the perusal of German literature by Americans will hurt America any more than it will hurt Germany. The German classics, for the most part ,_ were produced before Germany became a military power, and reflect no more of the military spirit than the classic literature of any other country. Their study in America, therefore, would not develop here those tendencies which we deprecate in Germany. And the militaristic literature of Germany would really make good loyalist propaganda for our government. There is another reason why the knowiedge of German should be exte11ded rather than restricted. After the war. it is quite imperative that we understa nd the German people, whether they co ntin ue our enemies or become our friends. If they arc to he our enemies. we must understa nd them in order to know how to deal with them. 1f we are to be friends with them, as we may b~: permitted, with President Wilson, to ·hope, a better underst_andin g is most essential. And .this understanding can be arrived at more quickly and more surely if the barrier of language is broken down. T I } l \ \ �\ The ·Wester n Comrade ( Page twenty-five The Principles of Money By Clinton Bancroft it represent the general value that enters into all things, and you have money as the term is practically understood today. T HAS been shown how land and chattel had to be trans- These stages represent the growth of the invention of money. ferred · in ancient times by giving actual possession in the The man who first wrote out a description of his land, or his open market or before · witnesses. This was barter; and chattels, or his obligation, and handed to another that written it made no difference whether one · or both the bartered representative of value described, for the purpose of thereby articles were metals· or any ·o ther thing of value. And the transferring the ownership of value itself to tliat other, is the attention · of the reader is. drawn to another familiar fact in man who invented money. His dust has been blowing about history always to be found along with thi~. that is, tha t the world for more than fifty centuri-es, and yet men are only wherever history shows a time or people that required ex- beginning to see that the written representative :of value which .:._ changes to be effected by the transfer of the actual possessions he issued (the deed to land , the bill of sale t<;> chattels, the of the things exchan ged, histo ry will also show that no methods note of obligation) possessed the essential qualities of money. · of so representi ng thin gs as to identify them were known, or, The burnt brick, the papyrus, the parchment upori which the if known, they were either unfit, or the people were too un- written representation 'was written , possessed practically no familiar \vith them to use them; and this il¥ true whether vql ue in themselves; but they represented value, they identicoin or stamped metal called money was in use or not. fied the ownership of that value, and that ownership followed their exchange. · The gold, the goods, th~ land they repWherever and whe never the transfer of the actual possession of the thin gs themselves was essenti al to the exchange of resented, could never be money. The intrinsic value they values, it will be fo und that no mea ns of representin g value possess effectually bars them from representing another value. was known, or the knowledge was too restricted for practical They may be used to measure other values, but not to repuse. Things of value could only be resent them . . No means have ever been devised· by which value could be represented by the things themselves; represented commercially except by and NO thing represented any value HE metal advocates will tell written or printed description,- and but its own . Coin itself did not. It therefore, only such representatives of stood for nothing but coin. Not until you that metal is a medium of value can constitute money. th e art of writing was inven ted was exchange. Tha t is true ; but why an y means devised whereby things But, thougll men have been slow to recognize in a mental way that the c_9uld be so represe nted that the repis not their medium, .their metal, written representatives of value, which resentations could be used in a comperforming its wo rk? Why docs . it they have been handling and exchangmercial way for the things t\"lemselves, allow ninety-nine hundredths of the ing and passing to and fro. among and history will show that until a themselves, really possess all the es; exchanges of the world to be efpeople became familiar with the a rt sentials of money, a nd that nothing of writing no representative of a thing fected by other mediums? else does, yet they have •always done was ever accepted for the thing itself. Prac tically their metal is not a so in a practical way. Wherever the If coin was in use before writing wa• meduim, but a basis for mediums. art of representing values obtained the known so much the worse for the . o• f· com . to represent ' That is, it isn't money at all, but .J. complexities of trade invited its use, c Imm any va1ue basis for money. and the convenience of that use was but its own. If shells or wampum belts so great that men never failed to take or fetish things were used by unletteradvantage of it. That" which was at ed tribes for · the purpose of barter, first simply a convenience became, tin· it can be shown that the things they , used were held valuable, not because they· represented value, der the growing commerce cif the world, a necessity; and today but because they possessed value in themselves. They rep- without recogniZin g them as money, denying indeed that they are money, ninety-nine hundredths of the exchanges of the resented nothin g. The invention of writing carried with it potentially the in- world arc effected by written representatives of value. Gold ventio n of money. The earliest remains of writin g that have a nd silver certificates, national bank notes, drafts, bills of exbeen discovered, the burnt brick records recently found among change, stocks, bonds, checks, certi-ficates of deposil, wareChaldean ruins, reli.\te to commercial transactions and furn- . house receipts, due bills, promissory notes, bills of sale·, mortish us with the earliest instance of the commercial use of the gages and deeds-all these representatives of value are the representa tives of value for the thing itsetf. The inscriptions mediums by which the exchanges of the world are t6day on these burnt brick are found to be deeds to land, bills of effected. They all possess the essential qualities of money. sale of chattels, ·and promissory, int~rest-bearing notes of in- All, however, do n'ot possess the conveniences of money, but dividuals. In them we find the invention of m~mey - first they do possess its essentials and they perform its functions. shadowed forth. When men found that the written descripStrange to say, howeve r, that which docs not possess the estion of a thing could be used to represent the thing itself and se.i'tials of money and does not perform its functions, is what be made to identify it, they soon discovered that the possession · the world persists in calling mon ey. If what the world calls of that written description, of that written representati-ve, could money is mon ey, why don't it perform its functions? Ask the be made to identi fy its OWJlership. If the possession of the metal advocates what money is, and they wjll tell you it - written representative of value could be made to identify the is a medium of exchange. That is true; but why isn't their ownership of that value, the passage of that possession from medium , their metal , performing its work? . Why does il allow hand to hand would carry with it the ownership of the value . ninety-nine hundredths of the exchanges of the world to be that it represented. To make such ~ use of the represepta- effected by other mediums? They teH us the reawn is, tha t tive was as natural as to make the reprsentative stand ·for the their metal medium is in some safe place servin g as a basis thing. Now, generalize that representative of value. Instead of these other mediums. Then, practically, their metal isn't of having it represent the value of a particular thing, have {Continued on Page 25) I T • } �I Page twenty-six The Western · Com1ade JES.US AND WAR By Robert Whitaker T ( I I I HE Rev. John Haynes Holmes, minister of the Church I admit that it is harder to do · it with Jesus than it would be .of the Messiah, at the Broadway Tabernacle in New with Mohammed. But they do it, and then proceed to justify York City, is reported in the "New York World" of it as best they can. March 7, · 1917, as making the following statement the preWhich simply shows that the authority of life itself is more vwus evemng: compelling tha·n any authority of names. Either we do not n;ason about matters or else our reasoning goes deeper than "I suppose I'm a good deal of a · heretic in theology. don't believe · anything Jesus taught just because H_e said any mere issue of what anybody has said, and we act acit. I am interested in anything He said, just as I am in- · cording to the whole body of instincts, impulses, and interests terested in anything Charles Darwin said; but a basis of which are in us and around us. And against the vast volume truth must be found elsewhere. I believe Jesus of Nazareth of the glacial drift in which we are caught, and with which we is the greatest teach.e r the world has ever seen, because He move, the influence of our poets, prophets, and the Christ himself avails but slowly, and in the main, only as it avails taught the things He did." When the secretary of our Christian Pacifist conference to affect the general momentum and direction of life. was seeking . to secure a hall for our meetings in Los Angeles, And, furthermore, these men and women whom we appeal October, 1917. the landlord of a certain hall in that city to as "authority" ~ctually speak with authority only so 'which we tried to engage, used these words: · ·. far as what they -.Y answers to the ultimate facts of life. "I am a Baptist, and I am just as good a Christian as any We pay attention to what . Jesus said finally as we find His of you are. But I am an American, and. if Christianity words answering to a larger and larger experience of life. gets between me and my country, Jesus' condemnation of war, if He did damn Christianity." condemn it, would amount to nothing The two men were doubtless very eventually, if war should prove to be wide apart as to their theology, for a permanent requisite for the..-progress THE Christians of the South Holmes is a liberal, and it is dollars of mankind. We would no more to doughnuts that the Los Angeles adopt His philosophy than we would justified their side of the Civil man. is severely orthodox. But they adopt His dress if the philosophy provWar just as easily as the Christians really meant the same thing, although ed as inconvenient and inapplicable to of the North justified their's. GerHolmes said it in a much finer tmJ far times and conditions as the dress. On more Christian way. the other hand, if it be proven that man Christians and American Jesus justified war, nevertheless war When you ask me, therefore, to disChristians are heartily agreed on will go on if it is to human advantage cuss the question, "Does the philosthat it shall go on. Life itself is ·the. ophy of jesus precll!de war between the main proposition: that while determining factor as to what life will nations?" I am bound to say at the they do not like war, still the duty tolerate and what life• will condemn. outset that the inquiry has really very ' '. is thrust upon them, and they must And if Jesus remains as authority for little to do with the actual attitude of us it will be because He spoke acthose who ~all themselves Christians, fight for Humanity's sake. toward war. Ne;,: . .:~ as to the rightcording to life at its highest and best, fulness of war itself, nor as to the and not because life is going to conform to any mere word of Him or of relative rightfulness of this or that any other man. party to any :war is the authority of . Je~us a decisive factor. The Christians of the South justified So then it does not matter whether, as some of us surmise, · their side of the Civil War just as easily as the Christians of the J esus thought of himself as .the Jewish Messiah, suddenly and North justified their's. German Christians and American Chris- unexpectedly revealed to himself as such, and to be revealed tians are heartily agreed on the main proposition, that while speedily by His Father in a new order which would sweep the~ do not like war, the duty is thrust upon them, and they away ail the nationalisms and imperialisms of His time like must 6gbt for humanity's sake. For both of them, to use a chaff before the wind,or whether, as most Christians believe, favorite illustration of our own <j.pologists, the house is on fire, He came to His career out -of miracle a11d with a semi-superand they cannot stop to hear argument, or to consider con- natural consciousness, and built a .c hurch which He anticipated stitutions and bills of rights, or to even be merciful and hu- wou ld outlast the centuries. Whether the Christ of miracle and mane; ~hey must put out the fire. And if Christianity gets tradition, or the vastly more impressive prophet of Nazareth, in the way, well-most of them don't say it, but they do who, within the compass of an ins~lar experience and an actually damn Christianity, damn constitutions, and damn any- apocalypt'lc' expectation, wrought out an attitude toward life thing else that gets in their way. " Can't you see, the house which is good for all times and places, and for the whole is on fire? Shut up and get busy." The only difference be- evolutionary expectation of the race, such authority as He has tween Germans and Americans in their appeal to this apt for us is not arbitrary, and it is not seriously affected by the illustration is as to which house is on fire. But they are particular field of immediate ideas in which He worked it out. equally willing to have Christ go along and help them put out What the Wright brothers did for flying does not depend upon what they said about it, nor upon the characteristics of that bit 'the fire,- in their neighbor's house. No, this is not cynicisq~. It is a mere statement of facts. of beach in Florida where they ·worked out their theories, but Christians fight for the . ~arne reason, o.r reasons, for which upon their contribution to our knowledge of the actual laws of other folks fight, and choose sides, or are choseri, like the rest flight. War is reasonable or unreasonable, right or not right of humankind. If they were Mohammedans, Mohammed would · according to the witness of life itself, and the witness of Jesus be their prophet in battle. Because they are, or call them- is worth with respect to war just as rriuch as it answers to the selves Christians, they must needs make a war-man of Jesus. worth or unworth of war itself, \ • �The Western C·omrad e Page twenty-seven So far as we know He did"not discuss war, or nations, in any and all ye are brethren~;, There is absolutely no' ro~m for formal way. His view of life was intensely individuaL Jt is ~ect~rianism, for partisanship, for nationalism, or for any subat this point that men have missed the meaning of one of His Jection of the ·soul to anybody here. It is a declaration of profoundest utterances which has been most absurdly forced human. independence which puts the document that jefferson into the service of war of late. "Think not that I am come wrote mto the category of the shpe.rficial and the incidental to send peace on earth; I ~me not to send peace, but a so personal, so profound, so everlasting it is. · sword," He is reported to have said when he sent out His Now Jesus was either right or wrong about this doctrine, disc'iples' on a preaching tour. The whole utterance, which is1 which lies at the very _root M His whole attitude toward life. found in the tenth ~hapter of Mathew's gospel, .reads like a It is this ·doctrine· out of which He said with no consciousness reflection of later times upon the experiences of the apostolic of blasphemy, "f and My Father are one." And it was His church, and an interpretation of what they conceived to. be aim to make every man able :to say the same for himself. the Christian attitude toward their work and the opposition ] esus taught in . the most absolute fashion the ·immediateness which they met. But if the words be taken as literally the of every man's relation to God. It is the ultimate of moral words of jesus they lend no comfort to the apologists for war, independence, by which we come back to that with which we and they 1cut the very ground out from under' the whole doc- began, that not even the authority of jesus is authority tor us, trine of nationalism. • but only the authority of life itself as each soul comes to the For this is, in substance, what jesus says, put into modern experience of life. He is a uthority for us only as He is truth, phrase: and truth must test even Him for His authority. "The world\ wars are group conflicts, in which a man . It is of secondary importance, therefore, · that He said in anhas usually the support at least of his fami ly, or his tribe, other connection, "Blessed are the peace-makers." We must or his nation. But the doctrine which I teach is so intimate, test that say:nr, by experience.. Or His word, "Put up thy so individual, that it will cleave all the relations of life . s~ord; they that take by the sword shall perish by the sword." asunder. The war that will follow those who follow me 1 hat also must be proven out. Nor does it matter much what will divide a man from his father, a daughter from her He did to the grafters in the Temple, though that whip of mother, a daughter-in-law from her small cords has been worn to shreds mother-in-law, and a man's foes . rr================;~l by the hard-pressed grafters of our will be those of his own houseday who are anxious to use it on each hold." .. CHRISTIANS light for the same . other's backs. Fie on theni.. that they Now this is the characteristic condo not see that if He could get one reasons for which other folks flict of all absolute loyalty to truth. square look at them He ·would clean light, and choose sides or are them all out with a whisk broom! No, Men usually 'go in groups, as churches, chosen like the rest of humankind. the real philosophy of Jesus is not in parties, sta tes, or nations, a nd few men If they · were Mohammedans, Moany incidental utterance or even in and women act for themselves, and hammed would be their prophet in any isolated act of His. It is in His out of sheer loyalty to the vision of teaching of the soul's solitarines$ beGod in their own hearts. But jesus battle. Because they are, or call ... fore God, and the one and' only loyalty taught in severest terms that there is themselves, Christians, they must which He admits has any right to rule. but one loyalty, and that is the loyneeds make a wa r-man of. Jesus. alty of a man's own soul to his own You can no more imagine Jesus a It is ha rder to do it with j esus . Germa or an American than you can experience of life, and the living voice than with Mohammed. But they imagine Him a Baptist or a Methodist. of God within him. do it and justify it as best they Our national contentions would be to . Here is the doctrine in its baldest Him as absurd and as horrible as the and boldest terms. "Except a man can. religious wars over some rag or ritual, hate his father and mother, he cannot be my disciple." That is, unless a man or some tissue of theology. There is ·. no patriotism with Him,. as there is no so loves truth and so follows righteousness that compared with his loyalty. to them, even love of · partisanship, and no sectarianism. There are just these father .a nd mother is cokl as hatred, he does not know wha t two thirigs, the two commandments, which He said summed-up real loyalty to truth and righteousness are. What room is alf law a nd all p_rophecy and all religion: to lov.e God, that is, there in such teaching for the irrational and immoral dogma to be loyal to goodness and truth a nd these alone, and to love of bur times, "My country, right or wrong"? How can men man, whether the j ew. of our own ·nation, or the Samaritan, be Germans, or Englishmen, or Americans, and be Christians, who just now happens to speak German. And whether j esus was right or not, let life itself prove. if this be the teaching of jesus? The fact is that so far as any man is German, English, or American, he ceases to be Christian since he sets up another loyalty above sheer loyal.ty IN FLANDERS By James Waldo Fawcett to the Christ mind and mood. So also must we understand jesus' words which are generalChrist went walking on a battlefield, ly ignored by the orthodox, and most superlically understood And came where men lay in red death; even by the conventional liberal. "Call no man father, call Where the sweet earth was rent and torn no man rabbi, call no man master." Certainly j esus was not With cruel steel and hidden mine; · · concerning himself with mere titles, as the connection will · Where proud kings' banners met the dust; show, though it is easy to guess what he would have thought Where all the subtle schemes of lords of the rag-tag of our professional and ecclesiastical toggery. And tyrant masters knew defeat; But back of these words is the profoundest democracy. Here And Christ looked down on His own pierced hands is a repudiation of all hero-worship, all subordination of man And His wounded breast. and He said in pain: to man, all loyalties which obscure the soul's own vision of "These are indeed my. brothers I· God. You are not to be imitations and echoes of ·a nybody, For they die even ·as I died · · whether it be a Paul, a Luther, a Lincoln, or a Karl Marx. And they who send them out to death "One is your father; one is your teacher; one is your ll)aster; Evilly kriow n~t what they do!" I ' \ I �'• Page twenty-eight The West~rn Comrade Stifling Radicalism By Walter Pritch.ard Eaton ( NEWSPAPERS of more than local T ~-IEespecially the magazines of America, circulation, and 857.01. If the new rate goes into effect, they will have to. pay are facing the in annual postage an additional ~ 1,823,542.44. Add to this · gravest crisis in their history, and only you, the reader, the increased cost of paper in 1917 over the preceding year of can save them, because 1t IS you, m your capacity as voter, $1,107,016.61 and you see these fifty-five farm papers facing a deficit of $2,348,683.85, which the subscribers will have to that your congressman listens to, The. war revenue bill was passed in the very last days of pay, or else the papers will go out of business. And what is the last Ccingress, a'n d it carried a provision to increase · the true of the agricultural papers is true of all magazines. Eightysecond-class postage. rates according tc a zone sys,em, .ranging six periodicals, with an average aggregate. circulation of all the way from 100% increase to as !Ugh as 90'0%. Such 21 ,246,404 have reckoned that the new law and the increased a system, which is a radical departure both in practice and cost of paper will leave them facing a $4,858,785.45 deficit . . principle from all our postoffice traditions, ·d oes not affect the Now, it is perfectly obvious from these figures that the magpaper of merely local circulation. It affects to some extent azines will have to increase their prices treme)ldously, and that the larger newspapers, but chiefly it hits the magazines of the public, therefore, will have to refuse to subscribe to a state and national circulation. It not only says to the man in great many of them. Enough, certainly, will be forced out oi· California that he mu~t pay twice as much for his ~agazines · ~usiness to nullify any proposed increase iri postal revenue, as the man in New ·York. where the editorial offices happen to the law thus proving a boomerang, while those which do surbe; but if this provision of the revenue bill is not repealed, vive will be greatly reduced in ·circulation to the nearer zones. if it goes into effect next July, a large number ,of magazines' Let us see what this means in the case of magazines like will automatically be put out of business. If you want to the Western Comrade, or other publications which reach the save them there is just one way to do it-write instantly to workers, the. men and women of radical thought, and such like your congressman demanding that this law be repealed. despised creatures whom our congressmen affect to love before The object of the law- ostensibly, at least-is to increase election. and hate the rest of the time. · • revenue by lessening the "deficit" in the postoffice department. Heaven knows these papers are not run to make money! Just how revenue is to be increased by ·putting those who pay We radicals have been digging down in our jeans for years it out of business is rather hard to see. But, as a matter of to keep them going. No, they are edited by devoted men and fact, the postoffice has never been conducted in such a way read by devoted men-including women, of course, for the that any human being could say with any accuracy where workers are real democrats-in order to bind more closely the "deficit" lay-in what division of mail. But it has been together the interests of the workers, the people who are disdetermined by impartial investigation, both here and in Eng- contented with a world that has all on top and nothing underland, that terminal handling, not haulage, was the large item neath--these papers will be the first to die! of cost in second-class mail, which means, of course, that the The Saturday Evening Post, with its 2,000,000 readers, its rural free delivery is far more responsible for any postal defi- tremendous advertising revenue, will survive allright, never ' cit than the cost of hauling magazines and papers by train. fear. . A11d. with all due respect to its sometimes excellent Now, the rural free delivery 'tloes not exist for second-class fiction. the Saturday Evening Post never took a real stand oa mail alone, or even primarily. Ftlrthermore, to 11sk the farm- a pubiic question in its timid life. But all the papers that er on a 'rural free delivery route in California to pay eight live and take >tands, champion progress, defend the workers times as much as the farmer in southern New York for the and attack the profiteers will go by the boaJd. Then t;:e delivery of his farm paper or his maga~ine, in order to support workers, the radicals, will have no papers to keep them i:1 the system, is the utter negation of the whole principle of our touch with one another, Maine with California, no chance to national postal service. The parcels post, which is conducted put forward. their .theories and claims, no opporturu~y ;o on a zone system, is an express business, organized' as a soc- champion their cause. ialistic public service to lessen the cost of living. Nobody THE POSTAL LAW IS A BLOW IN THE DARK AT LA. can 'object to the zoi1e rate here. · But the distribution ot private letters is a pa¥ of the na tional intercourse, of the BOR AND DEMOCRACY. IT HAS GOT TO BE. REexchange of ideas and education. There is just as much PEAIJED! That's what it means to the -radical and labor press. If reason why letters should be sent on a zone system as why magazines should be. To say that magazines and papers are it meant only that, however, there might be small chance of published to make money, and hence should suffer the same repealing it, because Congress doesn't really care what betax as boxes of eggs or packages 'o f dress goods, is a trivial comes of labor. But it means a blow at every sort of magbegging of the question. Editors are paid, as school teachers azine, and, therefore, it mea ns a blow at every kind•of voter. me·, and publishers do try to make moaey, of course. But And you can bet your bottom dollar that'Congress cares ~bout · primarily the magazines of America exist in answer to a need votesl After all, the matter boils down to this: Are we, as a of the public, they' are public servants, and they carry across the land the ideas, the stories, the articles, which give us a. people, so sh6rtsighted as to kill our organs of national {as opposed to local or sectional} expression? Are we going to - ....... • national, as opposed to a local, point of view. just . what the new zone increase of second-class postage tear down the ·national structure of magazine and perioc:fu:ai will do to the magazines is well illustrated by the case of the entertainment· and instruction we have been erecting for> genfifty-five leading farm papers in America. In 1916 these fifty- erations? Are we going to choke off our eflorts to have a fi ve papers, on which millions of our farmers depend for the better national style of architecture, better gardens, better exchange of ideas that makes them better farmers and larger farms? Are we going to prevent the man in Oregon trom crop producers, had a net profit of $581,875, or an average seeing how a lovely house on Long Island is built? Are we • profit per paper of $10,5 79 (probably divided between several . to exploit the toil of others, and behold the spirit of generosity >to<kholdm). In thl'~' ym thoy p•id in po>t•go $569,- (.Continued on Page 35) �The Wester~>. Comrade . f'age . I ·mty-nme •Co-operative Edu~ati'on . ~ are the b~anches most urgently needed by our people: In our language depa"rtment we have two courses, plain English AXIM GORKY. the famous Socialist editor, of Russia, and advanced English, and in these two courses we have 2700. says that the most imperative need of his country is students enrolled. · ' the spread of scientific knowledge among the people. The first step in an edu'cation is the ability to read and writ~· Upon this, the success of the new Russian republic· depends .. the Engli_s h language correctly. Before a student can take This· is the basis of all success. As long as educaiion is conany 'll.dvanced training, he ·must lay this . .foundation of an fined to any class, that class will dominate. If we are to ·make education. . •· · • · · a success of industrial democracy in this -country, 'We mus.t 'Language, spoken and written, is the medium by ~hich -we . educate the people to that end. must convey our ideas. We cannot get 'into touch with the To accomplish this, thousands and thousands of tnii'n~d truth concerning the great forces of ·life a~ut us except teachers, writers and advocates are necessary-:-men and through an understanding of language. We cannot make ourwomen who are trained in the facts of life· from the libertarian selves understood and impress our ideas upon others except point of view, who can say what they want to say, and pre- through our ability to choose and use the words which adsent the truths of industrial democracy in a plain and ·con~ equately expr.ess our thoughts. vmcmg way. The power of effective expression does not come to man as To meet this demand·. there has been established at F crt a ~ift of the gods; it is· a matter of education and training. Scott, Kansas, a great co-operative educational institution, !t 1s no~ by mere ~hance that ·some people have the power of chartered under the laws of the State of Kansas as a non-profit mfluenqng the acllon of others. It is not because of personal making corporation. Today this institution has nearly four magnetism or some strange hypnotic spell. It is because they thousand stockholders, called members have the ability, through the spoken or of the College union. A life memberthe written word, to make others see ship cost five dollars, payable a dollar what they see, ai1d understand as they understand. a year for five years ,and the member HERE are over six hundred receives a five-year subscription to the Words are the most interesting study correspondence schools in the College News, a monthly magazine dein the world. They image the evoluUnited States today. One of these voted to the in terests of the school and tion of man from the time the lint to industrial democracy. savage grunted for what he wanted, schools gathers in $6,000,000 of to the orator of today. Every word Some years ago, J. I. Sheppard and the workers' money every year. Fred D. Warren recognized the urgent is a brick in the structure of life. HisMore tha n - half of this immense need of working class lawyers, and tory is written in the words we use, orga nized what is known. as the Appeal and in these words we find the exsum is spent on advertising and to Reason Law class. It proved to be perience of the past, ready to act as a agents' commissions. Capitalist guide _for the future. an immediate success. This was the owners pocket a large share of it. beginning of the educational work We have felt that the greatest ser;¥ice that The People's College could represented today by The People's Why can the workers not co-operCollege. render was to prepare a course in plain aie to educate themselves? English-simple, ·clear, free from all Knowledge is power. Nobody recognizes this great truth more 'Keenly unnecessaFy rules 11nd formulasthan the workers of the world, for showing the student why good ianthey have been denied this knowledge. guage expresses his though't more .l"cA very large percentage of our men and women were com- curately than poor language. The rules are not given . as pelled to go to work in their early youth. They grew up a rbitrary expressions, but rather as the best product of the almost without education, handicapped for life by the poverty common usage of the people. The steps which lead up to the of their parents. Can this condition be remedied now? The necessity for a rule are clearly given, and then the rule apAppeal to Reason Law class furnishes the answer. The pea rs as a natural and logical statement. success of these students has enabled those who are inferested Our law class numbers nearly a thousand itudents, and is in working-class education to say to their uneducated com- constantly in_creasing. The practical value of a legal edurades·. "If you can not go to school, we will bring the school cation ·has never been ·appreciated by the members; of the to you." working class. As a training for efficiency and leadership, an In education lies Labor's only road to freedom, a~d the education in the law stands unequaled. development of the correspondence method of instruction Lawyers-and their families-constitute one-half of one makes it possible to bring education to every workingman's percent of the population of this country. They constitute .. home. fifty-eight percent of the members of Congress, and they domThere are over six hundred correspondence schools in the inate all the state legislatures. Man for man, the lawyer has United States today. One of these schools gathers in six twelve hundred times as many chances as the farmer has of million dollars of the workers' money every year. More than becoming a member of Congress; thirty times as many chances half of this immense sum is spent on advertising and agents' as the banker, and ten times as many as the edittJr. ·commissions, and a very large portion of the balance goes, as What is the reason for this startling fact? There is a wellprofits, into the pockets of the capitalist owners. · It is the known prejudice in this country against lawyers as a class; purpose of The -People's College to give education to the and yet, in spite of this prejudice, the law-trained men domworkers at the cost of rendering the service, and to render inate every branch of public life today. Why? service of the highest class. Because the study of law gives a mental drill. a cultural Thus far, we have been specializing on two great branches training, an insight into the details of .social 9rganization, - language and ·the law-because we have found thht these (Continue<! on Page '35) M By A. A. George T • • �' ) \ J Page thirty Rege ·n eration . fill the world's hope. It is $imply a transference ol power from one group of tyrants to another-a new dam that sooner N THE FACE of this great world crisis, is there any jus- or later will again break apd let d~struction loose upon. the tification for our hopes of peace and justice throughout the race. More than military victory is ' needed. The~e must be world? Is nol mankind hopelessly iost in the mazes of brought about a basic change i·n the economic structure of ) savage instincts and barbarous impulses? These and similar society i'tself if we are t.o see humanity at peace. And this . change .the present world-war is evolving. questions are asked daily by those whose souls have 'been The race; purified in the crucible of the present. trial, will sickened by the contemplation of the physical horrors of this awaken to the glow of a new and· powerful idealism that shall great world catastrophe. The answer to the firSt (]Uestion is undoubtedly, yes. Hope renovate the views and concepts of mankind. The glory of without a justifiable ba·sis, is superstitious fanaticism . . Supersti- this idealism shall be that it shall compel men to live for sertion is not a healthy, but psychopathic condition. r maintain vice instead of for personal gain. The keynote of this idealism that not only is there a basis for hope in the face of this ter- shall be fellowship rather than rivalry. This is the hope of the race, and, strange and paradoxical rible situation, but that there is no need to despair for the as it may seem, it will be brought about by the -exigencies and future of mankind. Mankind as a race is superior to type, empire or nation. necessities of the present war. The most anti-social forte in the world is forcing organized Types may melt, empires fall and nations pass away, but through it all the race survives and marches onward to the ful- production and distribution and closer co-operation in the. fillment of its destiny. And in that fulfdlm ent, the human race essential industries. Out of the new needs and necessities will make good the age-old promise of "peace on earth, good .created herein must ' of necessity ·spring new ideas which will will towa rd men." · embody the hope of the ages and the Before this promise can be realized, li"'================it salvation of the race. There is, then,' a certain recompense however, we must do more tha n exfor the titanic ·sacrifice of man. Out tinguish the fires of militarism. We HE present world war is evolvof the very maelstrom of terror we see must bring a complete peace to the ing a revolution in the affairs the birth of new social forces and the world. The world has not known a of men. The race, purified in the fundamentals for a new pol{ti~l and complete peace. A cessation of armed crucible of the present trial, will economic life. Russia moves forward hostility is not peace. August I st, awaken to the glow of a new a nd in the scale of development. Both 1914, was but the date on which a n plan and purpose are being evolved in powerful idealism that shall renoage-old industrial and commercial warthe management of the food supply of fare blossomed into its logical Rowervale the views and concepts of the nations. War, the embodiment military strife. The difference between mankind. The glory of this idealof chaos, is the compellant of organithe two forms is that militarism is ism shall be that it shall compel zation. Co-operation and system, swifter, more spectacular, and in asmen to live for service instead of born of military necessity, are bringing pect, more awful than the normal infor personal gain. The keynote of a joyous message to a world sick of dustrial warfare. But in its ultimate strife and fratricidal combat. When this idealism shall be fellowship effect it is not needfully more terrible. the clouds of war have cleared , we rathe~ than rivalry. "A man may be mercilessly starved shall then see that man has progressed .. instead of mercifully slain." It may even in the dark. be argued with some logic that miliThis is no justification of war anu tarism has phases that are more humane than that vast orgy of despair-modern commercial militarism. It is simply a realization of the fact that, while industrialism. Both are fraught with horror and death. Both the logical outcome of industrial ·competition is war and .that destroy the souls and bodies of men. Both military and com- by virtue of the ecoQomic needs engendered by war the world mercial warfare are hideous in their ruthlessness, withering is forced to adopt a more sane system of production and distribution, war will die by its own hand because it destroys the and blighting in their consequences. · l. therefore, hold that it is our task to bring about a com- system upon the folly of which it thrives. War in this world is not the paramount evil. It is but a plete peace-a peace both military and economic-befo-re the golden hopes of the souls 'of men may be realized. Produc- manifestation of the major evil that gives it birth. And as tion for profit, the matrix of militarism, must give way to a long as the evil endures, there will be war. system of production for use. And .this ca rries within itself It is a time-worn statement-an almost boresome one to use the healing balm of peace. - but the fact remains that there is a class-struggle. This To those who seem to believe that the overthrow of the struggle exists not only in our own country; it exists in all Kaiser and the crushing of the Prussian military machin~will civilized lands. Society is divided into two great groups-the bring about our redemption from strife, the resurrection of Housl! of Have and the House of Want. The processes of justice, I will say that they are destined to be sadly disillusion- making and taking are naturally antagonistic-often unconed. The overthrow of Prussianism will no more abolish war sciously hostile. The House of Have is commercial; it buys· than the battle of Waterloo and the exile of Napoleon abol- labor power. The House of Want must sell its labor power in ished Imperialism. · order to live. Have buys as cheap as possible ; Want tries to T'he .exile of Napoleon and Jhe breaking of his military sell as dearly as competition with his fellows will permit. Want power simply placed a dam in the river of avarice until its creates more than he gets . . Have must dispose of what Want pent-up waters broke through the artificial restraints and en- does not take. · Have must have markets. Without markets gulfed the world in the present Aood of horror which threatens he cannot employ Want. When Want is not earning wages, the very life of our ' civi)ization. The mere stopping of one he cannot eat. Hunger drives him on to rebel against the · manifestation of mili.tarism by another is not enough to ful- House of Have. The House of Have must keep open the marBy Dr. John Dequer I T ......... . \, . �Th~ Wes I e.rn Comrade Page thirty-one kets of the world so as to keep a certain percentage of labor and the hunger resultant therefrom '1\~11 work wonders in reemployed constantly. If it fails in this it will go down in the cl.aiming man from t~e wreck he has brought upon himself by maelstrom of social revolution. hts folly. Peace WJII be ushered in as the root-systein .of This is the condition in every civilized country; The ruling war-capitalism-is destroyed. group must keep labor eternally busy or cease to be the ."Oh ...bu~ your dream of peace is futile," quoth the pessiruling group. !"~st. Thmk of the other factors-racial, geographic, relEngland, prior to the war, lived in deadly fear of Germany's Jgtous, and so forth. Are these not the real and fundamental growing commercial power on the one hand and in terror of causes of the world's woe?" They are not such, in any sens~"<. industrial and social unrest on the either. The commercial They are c,onditioris developed along the path of human evo- power of Germa ny made it difficult for England to employ her lution that cause men to lend themselves easily to emotional labor, and the need of labor ripened into an increasingly ·po• excitation. They are easily fomented into an orgy of self-love tent solidarity of the working class that threatened the ve·ry which, ·in 'turn, makes social hate poss.ible. They produce, ' foundation of the House of Have. The same problem faced under the stimulus of excitement, a type of brain action that · the German junkers. If they were . to survive as the ruling exclaims; "My race is the great race!" group, either they or the English group · must be supreme. They- the whites-said this in East St. Louis : "lYJy Hence the world's blood-bath. For were it not for this struggle country is THE country! And I'll kill the soul' that disagrees! launched for commercial supremacy, Europe, by the very My God is THE God-your's is an idol!" Under the stress of needs of her people, would soon have been compelled to this emotional excitement , men accent the word MY. For the adopt a ·national or state socialism. · ego, race, country and God came into existence. The stru ggle !hat originated in Europe is a &ath-grapple Our race we inherit. Our country is ~ matter of the chance of individu al proprietorship to get the needed oxygen for its . of birth. Our religion we are tau ght when youn g. They are all hereditary possessions and are thin gs we do not consider existence-namely, ma rkets to exploit. · This war was doubtless started b:t the Central Powers to deeply unl ess under great excitement. . And the excitement break up the propaga nda of a P<~nge nerally has an economic originSiavic alliance in the Balkans which arising out of conflicting claims to bread . and love. threatened the free access of the former to Africa and Mesopotamia , Ma n is not by nature a warrior. He these territories , as yet , being undevelloves peace. He would rather .flee N their desire to fasten the yoke oped storehouses of the wealth of the from oppression than overthro~ it. It of submi ssion upon the neck of world. The German rulin g group was this that helped to scatter him labor, the rulin g groups have lit a over thett earth. "Governments, not realized fully th at control in the Balfire that threatens to consume their kan s gave th em the power to sneer a t peoples, declare war," said President own dwellin g. That which was deEnglish navalism, for the Hamburg-toWilso n. And it is true that the people abhor war. Bagdad railway gave it possession of signed to kill or at least set back an overland route to substa ntial fields Wh at is a government? Never mind the triumph of Socialism has made of supply. But the war, once started, the dictionary definitio-n. Government the adoption of the basic principles soon went beyond its control, so that is what government does. It is an orof the latter an imperative necesthe struggle, started to keep Junkerganized force to safeguard property at sity. · It is thus that "Whom the dom on the backs of the German the expense of life. It is a force in Gods destroy, they first make mad." people, now bodes the annihilation of the hands of the House of Have to all predatory classes. regulate the activities of the House of In their desire to fasten the yoke of Want. Further, it is organized to protect rulin g groups from the greed· of submission upon the neck of labor, the ruling groups have lit a fire that , one another. Here, however, it is thr-eihen~ to consume their own dweflin g. The needs that \vea kesl. Government i ~ also a social force developed to collect follow it.J the wake of the war-dragon can 110 longer be sup- debts at hom e and abroad. This makes it -~ broad militarY' plied by individual industry. That which was designed to power. Government is the executive committee of the propkill or at least to set bac k the triumph of Sociali'sm has made ertied c.lasses. If Mooney in San Francisco was a large propthe adoprion of the basic principles of the latter an impera- erty-holder, he would unquestionably undergo a slight risk . tive necessity. It is thus th at "whom the Gods would destroy, of being hanged. · they first make mad." Thus the House of Have is endangered by labor's awakening. This war has ungloved the grim hand of necessity. He is Feeling that their end was imminent, the ruling groups plunged a stern commander. He brooks no -rebellion. His mandate is, the world into war. And out of this war, neither the House "Conform or die!" Ultimately, his hands lie with equal of Have nor its gove rnments shall emerge. They will perish weight upon the rich and the poor. He brooks no delay, in the fire of th'eir own kindlin g. Classes and powers shall fall, but the human race, true to it ~ hope of immortality, shall rise but forces action. --" It is r.atural for man to wish to hold what he has and to resplendent in the glory of a universal kinship. strive for more. It was thus that the ruling group in Germany Remove the powers that make for hate and behold the tried to crush the ruling group in England and vice versa. world bathed in love ! Remove the cause of avarice, the right They were compelied to crush each other, were they to exist to exploit the toil of others, and behold the spirit of generosity as ruling groups. Then from the needs of the groups grew triumphant! We must make the world safe for democracy from East the needs of the whole, and this universal need compelled . government control. careful economy and organization every- St. Louis to Butte and from Butte to Bisbee. We must make where. Threatened with defeat, slavery a·nd death, the ruling it safe at home and help to make it so abroad. We cannot do groups banished individualism in production and distribution-. this by destroying humanity. We need a humani zed world. Governments that rule the They arbitrarily established organization, conservation and people must go. The people must own the earth. We must social service. (Continued on Page ' 39) The woes of war will exhaust the commissary of the world, I �I Page thirty-hvo The Western Comrade· Co-operation· the World Ov·er N ~ t e s A b o u l t h e C h i e f Co- o p e i: a t i v e s G I e an e_d f r o m M a n y S o u r c e s · The Johnson _ Co~nty Co-operative Association Popularizing Co-operation. Written for the W es tern Comrade 1 Co-opera tion as an cc&nomic principle ' is receiving· the serious considerati on of practically · all industrial classes. Its application _to special lines HE old es t and rno;l successful co-opera tive merc a ntile establisho f agricultura l distribution and marketing is enti rely feasible and offers a men! in th e Unit ed Stales." This claim of the Johnson County solution o f problems and.. difficulties tha t are prac tically hopeless in. so Co-operative _Associat io n of Olathe, - Kansas, is entitled lo careful .conside r;;t tion. It is undoubtedly 'true as regar.d s to a ge, it being established _ far as the individua l is conc.erned. In the United Stales Department of Agriculture co-operati ve organization is considered to be a primary and in 1876. Ao lo ma tori a l succe}_s, it h as prvbably n o eq ual. In addition fundamenta l project, for it is believed th a t co-operation in agricult ure is to profits or savings to membe rs o f over $)00.000, int erest of 6 pcrceitt has a correchvc meas ure that will p lace the industry upon a solid basis and hec n paid on th e :nvcstrncn t du rin g lhe entire life of th e Organization Until do much lo insure the future h appiness and prosperity of the nation.fave y ears ago. h is an impressive showing, and i!l addition to that U. S. Office of Ma rk e ts and Rural Organization. la r{le sum saved direc tly lo th e comm uni ty . there has been the mor~ v aluable items of servi ce a nd marke ti ng facili ties, and a strong incentive toward reasonable prices in all li nCs of mercha ndi si ng. Tulare Co-operative Poultry Association ' Howcv.er, ·the reco rd is ~ol a ll ' of the b1g p ro f11 s a nd great success. Written fo r the W es-tern, Comrade Shortly , flcr th e orga ni za tion ent e red upon it s fou rth d ecad e it st ruck. a On March 20th . 191 3, was formed one of the most successful-ahh~ugh pe ri od of reverses and hard times, until a t present il is working under a one of th e smalles t- co-ope ra ti ve associa tio ns in th e · West. It is called d efi ci t of over 15 p ercen t o f th ei r capital s toc k a nd ha ve paid no di vidends the Tulare Co-ope ra tive Po ultry Association· and h as a membe rship of fQr obout seven yea rs and not even interest on investment for over four 112 po ultrymen. years. In 19 16, 6000 cases of e ggs, or 18Q,OOO dozen, were handled and It is this phcnomcnn which caugh t my a l! e nti o n a nd held it when I sold fo r nea rly $50,000_ The egg busi n.ess alone dur ing 1916 amounted carne in to uch w ith ihe j ohnso n Cou nt y Co-ope rativ e Assoc ia ti on . I b e lo $46.838. th e po ultry business to $10,554, and supplies, $21,139. Becarne more int e res ted in h un t in ~ for th e causes of thi s se t-back than in sides saving its members considerable in feed prices, the Association st uJying th r records of it s previous large div idends. What was the secret clea red $ 1.7 52. af te r charging o ff all its bad acco unt s a nd liquida tin g its of th is sudde n reversal of fo rtun e? Was it possible thai co-operati ve indeb ted ness. u r ~·ani z a t ions (·arry wi thin them some fata l defec t? The chi ef purpose of th e association is to effect a saving lo members For over a year I ha ve studied th ei r business organi zation int ima tely; I on poultry produce and s'upplies. At the present time, the association store have come into close pe rsonal con tac t wit h their membership and officers ; h as ple nt y o f feeds o f a ll kinds. Members are offered barley at $2.75, I ha ve goss iped w it h th eir o ld men about lh c " good o ld times !" I h ave co rn a t $3 .90 a nd wh eal a l $4.25. hunted among their old · records and papers; a nd my fina l conclusion is On e of th e proofs of th e genuine spirit of co-operation prevailing th a t th e ca use of th e ir decl ine lll,s in fa iling lo rea lize th e !rue co amongs t the members o f the Associatio,; is th e fac t that this year the opera ti ve ideals necessary for successful organiza tion . membe rs ref used their h a ndsome dividends and o ffered the profits of the Permi t a brief s tatemen t of . a few his torical fa cts. The organization pas ! yea r placed in a collec ti ve fund for the development of their business. sta rt ed through th e Palron·s of Husband ry , or ·Na ti o nal- Gr a nge, w ith a The Assoc ia ti o n publish es a membe rship paper co nt aning ne~vs of the few hund red doll ars capital; th e immediat e incentive being ex tortion and pou ltry world bi-mo nhly.- ELBERT GEORGE, P res ident. com\Jina tion amo ng the pri va te merchants. The s tore was placed in charge o f a youn g man who immediately made good . The s to re grew by leaps Co-operation Not For Middle Class Only ~nd bounds und e r his ma n a gement , be ing h elped by th e organi zed op· position of unsc rupulous priva te me rchants, and from the original s tar t \."'·opera torS m th is count ry have not ins tituted a vigorous propaganda of a fe w hundr ed do llars soon reach ed a capital of $100,000 with fiv e fo r co-opera tio n . Enli gh tened me n nnd women still think of co -operation bra nch es a l o the r points in J ohnson Co unty. as a middle-class and shop -keeping movement ; a penny-saving device. Their qiv idc nds som e times reached 2 5 percen t o n purchases each quarBut th e fac t that co-op e ration is really d emoc rati c and · open to a ll does not detrac t from it s working-class charac ter. for it is indeed only availte r, although some of the old timers asse rt tha t these la rge fi gures were able to those who can conceive and pract ice a democra tic form of asreached by ;padding' th e invent ory. · Ouring~ll this lime th e ma n who socia ti o n- And th is. by its nature, le nds lo exclud e - the commercial. The star ted a• th e cl erk in th e lilli e grocery d eveloped the business and g rew necessi ty which dr ives to the conception of a co-operative, the zeal and ·· with it, organi zing his forces in such a way tha t he was the brains and sac rif1 ce necessary · to ma·intain O~e. -are products of a working dassdirec ting powe r- A lthough no min a lly unde r th e direction of a board ·of Ch eves We ~! Perky_ directors. th e success of th e busi ness d epended u po n th e ex tent lo which the di rec tors fail~cl lo direc t. -o-Then ·the inevitable came. 1l1e "~t rong man"' resigned because of fri c tio n a nd the ship w os left without a h elmsman who kn ew the course o r th e c ra ft. • Membe rship o n the board began lo be looked upon as a method of {!C!Iing jobs fo r friend s or_ punishin g enemies. No individua l was de veloped wh o co uld ri se abo ve this chaos and . bring order a nd The radical press of America, between now and july, 1918, harm ony . Only th e immed ia te prospec t of disas ter brought hom e lo a ll will be engaged in a fi ght for its life. A bill has recently by the cessa tio n of in teres t and d iv.i dends and th e realizat ion of a la rge defi c it. finally brought busi ness judgment and conservative man agement been passed by Congress increasing the second-class mailing again to th e forefront. ra tes of all periodicals from SO % to 900 % , the law to go These conditions we re th e resu lt of a failu re to approxima te the cointo effect on July I st 1918. operative ideals of dem"ocratic ma nagement and control. The greatest Unless th is law is repealed, the gag will have been effectivefac tor in the failure was the res tric tio n of membership. only members of ly placed on the throat of the Socialist and Labor press of the Grange being permitted in the co-operati ve organization. The Grange decayed a nd the remains o f the organizat ion formed a group mostly of the United States. YOU must help us 6ght this. Write to retired farmers who looked upon th eir holding in the co-operative as a n your congressma n TODAY and urge him to vote for the reinvestment, and never gol ove r the ideals of profit-ma king. Another peal of this law. factor was the policy of branch s lo rces which w ere no t run by those Read the splendid article by Walter Pritchard Eaton in this who patronized ihcm, but fro m the central office. But the g rea t factor, issue of the WESTERN COMRADE, on page 28. which made a ll these other th ings possible, was the fact tha t the mental atti tude of these co-operators never go l beyond the idea tha t this was READ IT AND ACT AT ONCE! a joint-•tock company from which they were going to make a goodly Write us at once and let us tell you what to do to make profit by buying and selling from iheir neighbors. This point of view has your protest against this law effective. never been entirely eliminated . After all, cll co-operative enterprise is just another form of capitalisrr. T h e L I a n o _P u b I i c a t i o n s unless it is consciou•ly directed toward th'! elimination of exploitation of T To Our Readers! ,____......__ m_an . ...,b...y....•••·--'- R. BROWilffi ~ 1 , Stables, Louisiana �The Western Comrade Page thiry-three Books and Reading By D. Bobspa Speaking of Magazines missing, and I really did feel some\~har behind the times. So I askd. Comrade Margaret Anderson , whose charming personality we all know so well, to let me paso the word to my readers just what her magazine contains. I find it is "the magazine that is read by those who write tile others." Well, ".that's . me' ~ as Bob says. The cover of the November Are you reading The- Public these days? It isn't as revolutionary as some of us · would like, but its editorials on the govc nment 's handling of the I. W. W. situation, under the caption "Playing with Dynamite," its comments on the arrest of Max Eastman and other comrades of The Masses edition contains the remains of one or two (numbers uncertain) tigers and similar comment occasionally on public · questions make it worth (presumably) who looked as though struck ~y a 42 centimeter gul\, · The keeping in touch with. remains have fallen ha[lhazard upop the page. But, oh Margaret I What The December Nautilus com.es with cheerful message as usual. from · do those illustrations mean inside ?-1 mean the illustrations insid~but Elizabeth TownC--this time SO!Ile commen ts giving a new twis t to the idea · perhaps it doesn't matter how I ask it. What's it all about? Will Don of gossips. There is much practical material on New Thought apprication. Marquis trot o ut Hermione to interpret its secret meaning? just whar I'll reserve my space for this little original poem from Comrade Edwin do.cs one have to take--liquid or pipe-- to see such a "Starry Sky" •• Markham in the December number: Windham Lew:s has drawn? Methinks most any word in the dictionary would have done as well. In my younger days-well, no usc making this "Believe, 0 Friend! confession too pe(sOnal- but I have seen queer things in iny days •nd Impossible you say that man survives "two moons rose where there sho,!lld be but one." But in all my rounds The grave--that there are other lives ? as a newspaper man in Cincinnati and Terre Haute and other cities still in More strange; 0 friend, that we shou ld ever nse the wei column I never, never saw a sky like that. Th sorrowful lady Ou t of the d.ark to walk below the skies. of Marie Laurencin is perhaps the nearest approach to, a picture. We used. Once having risen into life and light, to have a game in school days of dabbing _n pcnful of ink onto paper, We need not w·onder at our deathless flight. foldin~ it into many . forms and then looking to Je• what we produced. Wonderful- it was the future art, and I wasted .it all! Max Weber must "Life is the unbelievable; but now have been feeling most awful bad when he designed that- - ? Som< 'That this Incredible has taught us how, little Chinese poems fo und favor with me: Lady Gregory in "Hanrahan's WG can believe the all-imagining Power Oath" shows just how tiresome and tediouo a one-act play can be made. That breathed the Cosmos for th as a golden flower. Now, that's enou~h. If Miss Anderson will forgi ve my feeble grasp of Had potence in his breath !he new esoteric art and let me in on future iosues of The Little Review, To plan us new surprises beyond deathI'll let you know of my progress. New spaces and new goals ......._..,_ For the adVen ture of ascending souls. "Be brave, 0 heart, be .brave; It is not s lr an~c that man survives the grave: 'Twould be a st-ranger thing ' were he destroyed Than that he cve.r vaulted from the void." Vol. I., No. 2, Mother Earth Bulletin begins to look like busineu. Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman have 'written the copy for this iiSue {Novrmber) and are arranging for the Bulletin's regular appearance in case they arc compelled to return to the Federal prisons. Their office is 226 Lafayette street, New, York City. --Q-- Io it inane if I speak ·of the charming personality of Frank Harris? l'he ch;rm of Pearson's that strikes me most of all is the personality of the editor which shows forth on every page. Sixty years of life have given wisdom rare degree to Mr. Harris. This month he pays his respects to Northcliffe and comments on current events with sharp skill. A pen picture is given of Upton Sinclair. Art and litera ture come in f!)r lib- · Why Not Be Healthy? "Headaches and How to Prevent Them," by W. H. Riky, nearolouist of the Battle Creek Sanitarium, acco rding to its author, "is written for the mu ltitude of people who have headat hea-occaaional, periodic or frequen t attacks. It shows that the best cure is to be found in correct habits eral discussion. of living, and that in a very large proportion of cases such a druuleu - - o- cure is possible. Technical terms a re avoided; simple language is used so tha t the average person can read understandingly. There is very little The November-December combined issue of the International Socialist Review got out all right, with a vivid picture of Russian affairs by Charles • of anatomy or physiology in these headache talks. The writer hopes that young people in their teens will find ft leading in these pafiie• to guide Edward Russell, "Labor U~rest in · Engl1fhd," and commeals on the them in the way of such wholesome liv ing th•t they may esc•pe the head- . L W. W. indictmen ts. ache bane, and he knows that ~y following the suggestions in this little --0-. Physical Culture for December con tains an account of a new pain · book many sufferers will be al;>le · to overcome their ch'ronic headache d.istress. " .. cure that ,. worth trymg-the remembenng of black. Get _the magazine The chap ter headings will give •n idea of the ·scope of the book: and read Dr. , William H. Bates' article "/\ New !=urc for Pain." Milo Pain in General; Prcveptable Headache; Some Reasons Why Women HaYe Hastings contributes a valuable and hu morous article on "The ExtravaHeadache; Sick Headache; /\nemic and Neuralgic Headache; Emotion gance of Meat." He says the grain fed to cattle and li ve-s tock is a Headache ; The Headache of Monotony; What to Eat; Diet List •nd Heiuht poor investment, as the same amount of grain would feed far more people and Weight Tables; Hydrotheraphy; the Water Cure for Headache; Gel)than the meal produced by its usc. \-le also pays his respects to cer tain eral Rules for Health. Dr. Riley concludes: "The writer feels sure from types who play the society game of conservation: "Such is the history his yea rs of experience in dealing with all kinds of head•che sufferers, that of human stupidity-a society lady knits a sock for a soldier and spends at leas t ftve-sixths of the'=ases are preventable and cur•ble by following three dayo doing it, meanwhile having a cook, a . maid and a chauffeur the diet, and the rules of hygienic living and treatment briefly' outlined to wait upon her. . . . The vanity of the rich must be flattered, To which I add • he•rty old-fashioned Amen. in th is little book." oo the queen of piffiedom is officially encouraged to knit socks fctr ooldi.ers (Good Health Publishing Co., Battle Creek, Mich.) and raise a potato on her front lawn and keep a hen in the conservatory ~ and feed her eracker crumbs in the name of patriotism and economy." -o-- ,INSTALMENT MEMBERS lshwar Chandra of Oakland {formerly of Delhi. India) is keeping right All those who have been and are instalment members, •s well •s those ahead with his India Liberator, a monthly devoted to the interpretation of India to America and the advocacy of India's cause before the world. A who have been away from the Llano Colony in California will be ..ked most worthy object. Good luck to the editor in his plucky fight to make to come to the Llano Colony. in Louisiana. Many have written in asking if they are members · of this . Colony and India " safe for , Democracy." The October number was delayed and reached us .the last of November, but Comrade Chandra expects to be if they. may come to Louisiana. All holders of Llano stock are memben f ~a~II~L~Ia~nP"o~~ro"!"e,r__,ti"es~._l'-''h'i'o"'s"'e,.." "'-"h~o-'hra"'v'-'e'-7be"e"-'n'-"m"'ak~in,.._pa=m"=e-"n'-'ts'-"in.__,C"'a"'lic:.-- - - - - ' under full s~ng-sho"'''iy· lliC--$Ub=iptiOll--f>l'ice...io.t-the-p=ent-i$-what---7o!. you can afford to give. The last number contains 4 portrait of Anna ornia will continue to make them there for a time, but may come to Besant and an account of her work in India. Louisiana when they are ready to come into the Colony. ~ Although I have attended red-ink banquets in the little Italian and F reni:h restaurants for some years, I have a confession to make. never read a copy of The Little Review. Friends told me what I was , Memberohip Department: LLANO DEL R~O ·coLONY Stables, Louisiana �The Pa&• thirty-four Western Comrade Were the Ma)onty Socialists Right? ( Continued from Page 23) The Uano Colonist . N 0 ( - J. G. Phelps Stokes ship of at least a third of those persons who were members when the war broke out. thre~ years and a half ago. About half the' loss has been made up by vigorous preelection appeals for the support of pacifiists, but the bulk of the remain'ing loss is a net loss ~ue, I for one am convinced, to the pa rty's betrayal df the international cause by refusing to aid the plundered and devasted workers of Europe in their stupendous struggle against the Teutonic marauders. · Will resume publication shortly and will come out as a six-column paper, much improved in appearfor a time. When better facilities for handling the work have been installed it will be resumed as a weekly publication. It will be filled with Colony news of interest to every radical thinker, and in addition will carry many articles of a general nature, Socialis~ news and views, and will be a better paper than ever before. YES!- Adolph Germer. a ppea r upon the scene, then capitalism will stand revealed in all its ghastline.ss. · The political parties that stand for capitalism will be administered their well-merited rebuke .and the Socialist party, because of its present consistent, International, pro-human attitude will be the rallying point for the elements that a re yearn ing fo r lasting peace and a world safe for Democracy. The elections held this year are ample· evidence of such development. It is interesting to note that not all who withdrew from the party on accou nt of the difference of opinion on the war program. a re alike. Some were honest and when the war hysteria has passed away, they will again be in the fold. While I was writing this, .I' received a letter fro m one of those comrades. We had previously' exchanged several letters on the policy of the pa rty a nd amo ng other things he writes: "It was very thoughtful of you to ta ke so much time to put your position clea r, and I thank you very much for your free and full discussion of the situation. I hope that all these perplexities . will soon vanish and that we may again combine upon the essentials of Socialism. but the time is not ripe for tha t. a nd will not be until the wa r is over." Here is a comrade that I believe to be wrong and who believes that we a re wrong, but who hopes that we may again · combine. He tells me in his letter that he is still work'ing for the cause and nowhere does he indicate that he is saying an unkind word about the Socialist party, even though he dis- • agrees with its policy. This spirit actuates ma ny who have wthdrawn from the party because of an honest difference of .. opinion and who will knock a t i·ts doors when the worker~ of the fighting nations cease killing each other. · Positively no, the Socialist party is not weakened because of its oppos'ition to wa r. The inte~tion is to issue it every ~o weeks ance. WATCH FOR IT! AB---SENT MEMBERS I N S T A L M. E N T WHERE M E M B E R S ARE YOU? IWe wanl lo gel the address of every instalment member and every ab.enl member of the Llano del Rio Colony. Many have nol kepi us informed of their whereabouts. We have information of impor~ance for 'every instalment member. and absent member. Readers of this no tice arc asked lo .assist us in gelling in to uch with these persons. We wanl to communicate with them a l o nce. Membership Department : LLANO DEL RIO COLONY Stables, Louisiana '------..--------------------.l "The Truth About The .Medical Profession" By John A. Bevan, M. D. What is Anarchism? Columbia University (Inventor of the <Esophagoscope) ( Continued from Page 18) Paper Bound, Postpaid Price Fifty Cenb The result of clinical and pathological researches at Guy's Hospital, London, and the Bellevue Hospital, New York. · BENEDICT LUST, N. D., D. 0 ., D. C., M. D., writes: "'The ha te to do, living a life they loathe to live, crime will be inevitable, and all the laws on the statutes ~an only increase, but never abolish, crime. Wha t does society, as it exists today, know of ·the process of despair, the poverty, the horrors, the fearful struggle the human soul must pass on its way to crime and degradation? Anarchism, the grea t leaven of thought, is today permeating every phase of human endeavor. Science, art, literature, the dral'(la, the effort for economic betterment, in fact, every in-----4.;!1·-~- ~----a-nd-soeiah>J;~~~ to tne extstmg order 'o t things, ts tllummed by the sp_mtual hght of anarqhism. It is the philosoph~ of the soveretgn_ty of the individual. It is the theory ?f soctal harmony. It ts the great, surging, living truth that IS reconstructmg the world, and that will usher in the Dawn. \ SUBSCRIBE FOR IT! book is splendid and will help to enlighten many skeptics who •till believe in medical superstition." Prof. DAVID STARR JORDAN, M. D., writes: wl have looked over the book called The Truth About the Medical Profession.' .. The~<; are a great many things that are forceful and lruthfullv_Jaid." . · GEORGE BERNARD SHAW writes: ''There are oome qaite interesting and important things iii the boo!.:." LLANO PUBLICATIONS, STABLES, LOUiSIANA I i �I / Th" . \Yest.,rn Comrad., Pag" thirty-6ve Co-operSttive E·ducation The Birth Control Review . (Continued from Page 29) such as can l{e obtained in no other 'way.. The' law-trai.1ed man has schooled hi's mind, sharpened his wits, developed his reasonit1g faculties; he has acquired an understanding of life as it is. All social organization is based on law of. some kjnd; and the man who understands ):he law upon which any system of society is b1as;~i~)>ettel'fitted than anyone else can possibly be to succee<rillffier that system. Moreover, if all social organ ization is based on law, then the best trammg for_ those who wish to bring about a better system is a kn~l\vledge of the law as it is, and a knowledge of the · law as it ought to be. It is the purpose of The P eople's College to meet both of these demands-to give the law as it is, to help the student see for himself what the law ought to be. In addition . to English and the law, we have e~co:;llent courses in bookkeeping, arithmetic, public speaking and short• hand. The charter of The People's Coliege has been granted under the very liberal laws of the State of Kansas, and. under that charter no profit can be made by any individual. Any surplu s that may accumulate after paying the actual expense of operation, must be used in extending the work of the school. · This is. indeed, a people's college. It must be supported by the people·. No millions will pour in to its treasury from the exploiters of labor. The more student s we enro ll, the cheaper we can render service . To date, we have enrolled more than four thousand students, and in some of our courses we arc already able to render serv ice '" one-half to one-fourth the cost of similar service in a capitalist correspondence sc hool. A Monthly Magazine :Edited by Margaret Sang~r Subscriptions $1.50 a year, single copies 15 cents. Special rates for bundle orders of ten and over. ,If possible, remit by money order, check or registered mail to M~rgaret Sanger; 104 Fifth Avenue, New York City I What Every Mother Should Know By Margaret · Sanger A book wri tten e'pecially for mothers who desire to tell their children the truth about \>irth. It is told in plai1~. clea n lan guage for moth ers who have f_,w words but high ideals. Children who are told the truth early in life by the mother grow into manhood and womanhood \vith clear und e rstandin g of what ma turity means. Cloth SOc- Paper 2Sc Please' remit by postal or money order or registered i ett er to MAHGfRET H. SANGER 104 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Stifling Radicalism What Every Girl Should Know (Continued from Page 28) - · - ·- - --· going to forbid the professor of philosophy in California from knowing what the professor of philosophy in H<:trvard is thinking, as expressed in s'ome philosophical magazine? Are we going to prevent the docto[ in" far off Arizo na . miles from cities and clinics, from learning in his medical magazine of a new treatment for some dread di sease ? Are we going to say to· th e electrical expert in Montana: "You sha ll not read in your magazine of the new method of tra nsmission used in Virginia"? Are we going to d enationalize ou r press, and in the process smash a ll this _great periodical lit erature we have erected, ' and stop the intercha nge of ideas and storie s i\nd pictures through the land? Talk abo u t Belgium! If th! s isn't lay ing low somethin~ fine and preciou s in the name of "military necessity" thCFre neVer wa s such a thin g ' Well, it can be prevented, It ca n be prevented by the repeal of the law. And th at is up to you , dear comrades . YQu h ~1e got to write- and write at once- to your con gres smail p your senator (though the Senate agreed to the measure only under compulsion)_ You have got to d emand as a voter its repeal, on the grounds that the law is mistaken eco·nomy, ~ mtsuse of the postoffice function s, an d above all a gre at and disastrous blow at national thought and expression, a blow at the spread of culture and good taste and good lit era ture , and, above all, of American, as opposed to narrow, sectional ways ·of thought. (That last will sound fine and he won I know what you really men a!) ----ooN'lDEtA"Y!W'~ r.~te_n.:__o_ w_t"o',day.. Tlie_time is shorf. Write as if you meant it, and get all your friends to wr.ite. The law must .be repealed if you want to save your magazme. -----:---:---:--:· By Mar g aret Sanger A book which eve ry gi rl ovn fifteen years of age shou ld have. lt is wr itt en in pl ain, simple l a n ~ua~e to the working . Rirl ahout h ·t Lady ~nd th e phys io logy of he r sex function s . Cloth SOc- Paper 2Sc Remit. if pussib!e, hy ch r cl·. p c !- li'. l or r.~oncy c :der or .regis-. te rcd rr. :~ i l · to MARC .l~ E I H. SANGER 104 Fif th :\ \'en:1e. i•!,.,., York City . . 11 · [ I Printers V/ anted The PRI NT Sl-iOP of the LLAND DEL RIO COLONY can use a PHESS ~.1AN: a LI NOTYPE OPERATOR. and a FLOOR MAN for ads and m<>ke -up. 'The increase in size of the WF.STEHN COMRADE is to be followed by an increase in size of the LLANO COLONIST. This will necessitate a n · increa.scJ wo rkino f.-.rcc PRINTEI{S are in >i tcd to correspond with the WESTERN ' COMRADE. Stables. La. �J '· Paae thirty-aix The · The Principles. of Money (Continued from Page 25) We a tern. ' - ' a medium but a be.sis for mediums. That is, it isn't money at Your house and lot, city lots, farm, etc.? The Llano aU but · a 'basis for money. Then why call that money which del Rio Company of Nevada is just establishing a . isn\ money? Why not be honest and call it what it is, . the REAL ESTATE BUREAU: It will put you in touch basis upon which money is issued? · Why befog our own '!lmds and the minds of. others by the use of false terms whose only with those who want to buy or exchange. · All over 'effect is to bewilder and lead astray? They have a very good the country there are people who are looki~g for reason as ve ry many of us know. But let that pass. Let us property and they may buy take th~ir admission that their metal medium is not doing its work because it is serving as a basis for these other mediums , and as!.: them why these other mediums are used at all. The usual answer is, because of their convenience. But that is a strange co nvenience which, if stricken from commercial use, would destroy the trade of the world. If these conveniences, Write to the Real Estate Bureau for more detailed the ~e real mediums of exchange we re denied to commerce, information of thi~ plan. Even though you have civilization wo~ld stagger back into barbarism, traffic into an" your property in the hands of a real estate agent, we cient barter, and industry dwindle to the necessities of savage may be able to secure you a purchaser at little cost life. The metal· man will admit that modern trade could a nd with little delay. We .will be able to reach far not be conducted without them. He will admit that there ·is not enough of his precious metals in all the world to effect more prospective purchasers than most local real esone-hundredth part of the excha nges that our times require. tate men. Write today for details of this new plan. He wiB be driven to aclmit that these more convenient mediums are used from necessity. But he will say, that while there is Address: Real Estate Bureau, not enou~h of his metals to affect all exchanges, there is Llano del Rio Company of Nevada enough tob form a basis for these mediums to act in its place. But why take his metals for a basis for these mediums? BeStables, Loui siana cause of their intrinsic va!l.(e, he will answer. And in that answer lies the triumph of true money. Intrinsic value mu>t be the basis upon wh ich mediums of exchange rest. Not the intrinsic Talue of one significant commodity only, but the in"Somethi.ng for nothin g is the curse o f the age."-j ob Harriman triRsic value of ail things that possess value should be the basis upon which mediums of exchange are issued, and the governmeR! should be the organ through which such issue is effected. discusses the Source of the Power to gel somethin g for nothing, But the metal man says, the intrinsic value upon which and shows ho w to destroy that power. It will intere• t yuu money is based · should be a stable value, and that his metals, whether you agree o r not. alone of all the valuable things in the world, ppssess this esWeekly, $1 a year; $1.50 to foreign coun tries. S;,mple on sential quality of stability. There used to be people silly request. Edited and published by W. E: Brokaw, Longbr J uch, e·nough to believe · that claim. They saw values apparently Washington . contracting and expanding as measured by these standard, stable metals, and for a long time they believed that this apparent contraction and expansion of other values was real, and the civili<.ed world is rapidly awakening to the fact' th at and that the values of the metal measures were Ul'lchanging they are ri ght. The ·metal basis men, however, still insist that and stable. But finally someone discovered that metal meas- there must be a standard of value, something by which values ures were expa ndin g and contracting, and that practically it ·can be measured with each other as well as represented it1was the th ings measured that, with reference to each other .at dividually, and that such standard, such measure. must have ' least, were the stable values. The ancients believed that the value in itself, for only va lue can 1)1easure val ue. That is true. Utl iverse revolved abo ut this little earth. They believed that The value basis men make strong point of that in their everythinv. else was in motion, but th~t the earth was the system. They insis t, li ke the metal men, that there must be a only fixed, stable thing in all creation. Gallileo's announce- standil rd , a measure, in the tcnps of which all money mediums ment that they had missed the fixed, stable, central point of must be expressed. Rut they assert that it must possess four their solar s.vstem by ninety-three millions of miles, tha t it es5cnt ials, of which the metals h.ave only one. They assert was the ea rth that was moving a nd not the sun , was such first. that til£ sta ndard of value, the measure of va lue, must a shock to them that they made him take it back. The metal it self possess value; second , that value must be the most basis advocates have been as rudely di sturbed by the a n- st ;~ Lle and 1,1nva ryin g possible; third, it must be practically nouncement of the Gallileos of finance that it is the metals free from the co ntrol, manipulation or cornering by individuals that are revolving about the value, and not value about the or combinat ion s of individuals; and fourth, it must be univermetals; that practically these metals have been contracting sally recognized ~s having the three foregoing qualities. In and expanding to a far greater extent than the things meas- other words, they assert that the standard of value must be ured, and that they have missed the distance from the stable that value which enters essentially into all values. It must be . center ~f the monetary system as far as the ancients missed that l.ue...which-in-the-naiure-of-thi1rgs, operates m fixmg and the stab 11 oen.teLoL-t.he- sela-r-system·;--:rml-rne--Yii'lue::Dasts and . establishing ' all values. . In short, the standard of value discoTerers were treated with about as much tolerance by the must be a natural standard, and ethically there is but one metal meri as Gallileo was by the Ptolemaic wise men in natural standard, and that is labor, the cost of production; authority over 'him. But the value basis men are getting so and by cost of production is meant the labor value required numerous now that they are ~:~ated with considerable respe"t, to produce a thing. The Equitist .., \ Do You·want To Sell Your Real Estate ,. . Comrade --"'--- a ',, �Tile Co~rade Wester·ii Comment Page . thirl}'-leYell and ' Criticism {Continued from Page "Shall J. P. Morgan Own The Earth?" 24) there be one, he lost control of both characters and action the moment the play began. The forces invol ved are too numerous and varied, and the field of action is too vast, to permit of any inclusive direction By any one element. The thing is too full of inconsistencies and contradictions to make any really satisf11ctory concl~sion possible. 1 No matter ·what the end may be·, the vital problems will not be solved until quiet has been resto red ; and we are a ble to thin k calmly once again. It is, therefore, to be hoped that most :people will not be guided b y Mr. Chesterton , who apparently i~ willing that the play be allowed to drag on through one bloody act after another merely in order that the curtain may fall on the dead bqdy of the villain in true melodramatic fashion. - a booklet which PROVES, by pho iographed extracts from an U. S. Government Report, that the Morgan wealth and · power .are ." twen ty tiincs greater than realiicd. How Morgan . (after the war) can manip..late a "panic" ; then buy cheaply control of all vital industries; dispossess YOU of wealth; reduce MILLIONS to abject slavery. How he keeps1 knowledge of this power suppressed ; how newspapers arc controlled; governments and legislatures co rrupted. Price 50 cents- and your money back if not satisfied that the information given is well ( ~ flicial wo rth the price. · Agents wanted. ,..· DesCriptive circular. tes timonials, etc. , free . Address: . JACK PANSY, Publisher, P.O. Box LC-307, G-rand Rapids, Mich. M Louisiana-ing un-de Luxe (Continued from Page / 17) be far off and consid e rably a bove most of us. Mountains conti n ued to be the d omin ant feat ure of the scenery. Dry vall eys of sage and y uccas fill ed the mind with . loneliness. The silence of t hese a lt itudes actua lly roa rs and a ll one's working o rga ns, provid ed they work as good cooperativ e organs ou ght , sound loud , a nd if one is a close obse rve r, mi ght become a good diagnost icia n. At least, here's a chance to follow the ancien t p recept "Know Thyself." H owever·, as the sage ad vice adorns so many pate nt medicine a d s, the adage seems incongruou s in solitudes wh ere the hea rt reminds one of a· pumpin g sta tion in a grea t vall ey. Ridin g hour a fter hou r with practically no cha nge in th e scenery, g reat opportunities are afforded th e occu pants of a car to lapse into their t rue se lves. After the fir st six hours of close. a ssoci a tio n , about everythin g each knows has been told. All the ge nt eel a necdot es have been hashed up. a nd rehashed aga in , a nd th e bars are le t dow n for ' the savage, unpolished man to get in his dirt. (To be continued nex t month) Llano In Louisiana ( Continued from P age 8) The I i1 t e r n a i i o n a I L a n g u a g& ~speranto simplifies the language problems, opens up a new world of li te ra tu re, ~ivcs one a much bl!lte r · und crstanJin g of his mo therl on ~ u e . enables him to correspond wi th people all over the wo rld. and all this at a compara ti vely small outlay of time or mon,ey. Send. for a FREE sample copy of AMER IKA ESPERANTISTO, the official organ of the Esperanto Association of North America. and receive also a ca t ~ l og of Books. cti:., and full informa tion on how to learn th is wonderful language. Plc,;se mention the Llano Publications. · • ~ ... THE AMERICAN ESPERANTIST CO., INC. Watert own. Waltham and Washington Streets WEST NEWTON STATION, BOSTON. M.LI.SS. • . ' Free Press and Free Speech Number of that new live-wire propaga oda weekly a lon g sli ghlly differen t lines th a n were at one ti me a nticiJ)a ted. _ Because of conditions, it ha s bee n deemed best to concent rate on the fru it indu st ry the re . A sufficien t number of coloni sts will reside in LJano . to d evelop th e · fru it. Th ey will pl a nt trees, cultivate, irri gate. Th ey wiil have th eir commun ity lif e is the greatest piece of l:bcrta ri nn lit eratu re . ever puhlishcd. It and will carry on the work there ·a nd continue th e ~ork made ><illines an Ol igir.a l campai~n agains t postal censo rship and for possible by the colonists who are now tran sfer ing to Loui sia na . prcscrvati•m nf the rer,,n:.mt of o<1 r radical press and :he. res· The re will he fewer pe rsons in Ll a no, California. a nd the tora t:om of that part which off1cial despotism .has des troyed. work will be less complicated. Smaller communities d emand Many of th e mos t powerful publicists in the country write for TilE Pi\LADIN. ~ic h is eJi:d by Walter Hurt. fo~mcr · less administra tive machinery. The population there will not vary much in numbers. In Louisia na the popul a tio n wil be ineditor of 'The Call" and published by Phil Wagner. pubhsher Jf "Social Revo lution." '• · · creasing rapi dl y, and t h e a d ministrative machin ery mu st be d Every friend of freedom should aid this weal drive for em. con stantly adjusted to meet thi s g rowth. ocracy by orderin g a bundle of this special edition of THE C:onsidered from every angle, the Llano del Rio Colony in PALADIN for distribution. Louisian? is a!l ipspiring !!~terprise, and those who a re h_e re PALADIN Bundle R a tes: _ _ _ _.,s_coJonlS~~~.e...th~nthustasm~hat-~mt!-s-f-ra~eeeFnJ')J..sh- ---z5~3Uc; 50 copies. 5Uc;--T00 copies, 80c; ment. Vtsttors - catch the contagton of enthustasm because 200 copies. $ 1.50; 500 copies, $3.50; 1000 copies, $6. · they, too, see into the future along tthe lines of the · material · wealth held by the Colony. It requires but little imagin a tion PALADIN PUBLISHING COMPANY . to see. what the Colony can be made here with the ma gnficent 705 Marke t Street. St. Louis, Mo. resources that a generous Nature has bequeathed to this region. I �, , Pag; thirty-eight The ~ We·stern Spiri.tism and So-c ial ism (Continued from Page 9) are encouraging a.s a beginning. But this is not the entire message of The New World. 1· hold that, in science, belief does not count, but only the touching of power; that therefore all the experiences that Ehristians and others have had in the; way of great demonstrations and periods of ecstiiCY are open to everybody, regardless of belief, just so soon as we touch the right wires . This is a new wo rld of personal experience that I see ready to open to all mankind . It is time that the world ceased to be poor in spirit a nd ·that ali should "know him, from the least to the· greatest," according to the promise. But whC~. t has this to do with socialization? If there be another world, more populous than this, it is impossible to socialize things so as to bring justice to a ll , without considering that world. Government or public ownership means man ownership and excludes all anima ls, therefore ·means oppression for most creatures. If there be a spi rit world, it excludes~ that also. Be.cause of its great population, because of its intu ition, because spirit is presum ably a higher type of li fe th an the purely hum an, jesus was probably right in talkin g of the kin gdom of Heav en, or domin a tion of the spiritual. as the real solution of the probl em. My mission, therefore, looks to a new spiritism and a new socialism, predicated, not on beliefs or controversy or agitation, but on experience and demonstration and actual power. It will mean more for humanity than anyt hi ng tha t has ever been · su gg es t ~~ - It will mean a universal reli gion and rational scientif; ~ teadju stment of things, coming in a perfectly natural -way. I am goin g to original sourcees for power, just as all vital movements have don e- to God himself. to the spirit world and to nall,tral forc es- rather than to. books, rit es, beliefs or institutions. I BUY A SAMPLE AT YOUR NEWSSTAND ISSUES & EVENTS THE AMERICAN LIBERAL REVIEW "An Antidote for the NorthcliJfe Press" Published and Suppressed Speeches- Data-Ar ticl es and Events National Non-Resistance? Editor: (Continued from Page 19) Frederick Franklin Schrader capital, and a foreign riation forcing u ~ to accept its loans would be .obliged to apply them to uses very near p. minimum profit. Our laborers 'are habituated to the highest of wages, made necessary by the cost of living and enforced by powe rful unions. Our railroads are already complaining of . minus net incomes, a nd our natural resources · have long been in the hands ' of p~ivate exploiters who are developin g them just as rapidly as profit can thereby accrue. The possession of our country by another, except perhaps for temporary purposes connected with the presen t war, would be little more va luable than the possession of a bank-bqok by an African head-hunter. I~ is indeed true that conquest is not only na tional di saster to be conceived. Men light upon the plea of preserving property, honor, prestige, colonies, and a dozen other objects. Mflny nations are invadin g others today, not from any conscions desire for ·robbery, but from fear of thei r neighbor. In view of these things, can a nation afford to be non-resistant? Our word limit is passed; and we ca n only say: If we face the facts coolly, studying each possible disaster without panic and without sentimentality, the answer is, Yes!' A ss o c i a t e Edit o r: Tobias Butler Send fo r . a Tri al Subscri ption Only with this advertisement $ · .50 for three months $ 1.00 for •ix monhs $ 2.00 for one year 25 WEST BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY ~Price $1.00 : - Thirty days free trial COMRADES. send us $1.00 for this razor. use it thirty days, then if you don't believe it to be the equal of any $2.00 razo r on the market return it and -we will exchange it for a new _ one or refuml yo ur money as you desire. Furnished with 0 __ A boy reaches far across the table and helps himself to butter. plain black handle, either round o r square point. extra hollow Father: "What dtd you do that fo r ? Haven't you any tongue)" ground,. Ys-inch blade: Price •. $1.00 each or six fo r $5 .00, Boy: "Yes, sir, but m ~u e isn't as Jong_i!s_JJiy_ ;um._" _ _ _ _ _ _ ~s l patd.: If convemenl, remtl by P. 0. or Express money o r<ler:-7\<ldress ----o-- EXPLAlNED . Marne: "I was a t a spiri tualist meeting the other night and what do you · thmk , a ghost ' kissed me." · Percy: "One of those familiar spirits, i suppose."-The Passi ng Show. \ RED FLAG RAZOR COMPANY . PARAGOULD, ARKA~SAS IF OUR RAZORS DON'T . MAKE GOOD, WE WILL • f . ·--., �r The Western Comrade Page thirty--nine A Word With Our Readers When the ~ove was made from Llano. California, to Stables, Louisiana, it meant that there would be a considerable delay. Every effort has been made to shorten that delay as much as possible, and it is to the credit of our readers that there has been no, complaint. . / . Now the Publicati<;>ns are established in · a commodious buildi~iving much more space than was the case at Llano, and with the offices adjoining. As rapidly as possible the scattered crew is getting together. Attention is directed to the. increased size of the WESTERN COMRADE. This is the first of a number of changes which are to be made preparatory to launching the WESTERN COMRADE in the . national field. In this number, as in several numbers immediately preceding it, the quality has been much improved. New wriiers are contributing articles of high value. An aggressive campaign for readers is being started with this issue, and agents are being canvassed for. Commencing with the May number, the subscription is to be raised to One Dollar. It is the plan now outlined to have the price remain at that point, and to . give more than has ever been given for that price in any magazine. The expansion from 32 pages to 40 pages is to be followed by other increases in size, according to the present plan. Readers are invited to compare the COMRADE with any other Socialist publication now being printed. The thought-compelling editorials, the other splendid articles on a number of topics, and the monthly · contributions on "Co-operation in Action'' appeal to constructive Socialists, and it is one of the ideals of the WESTERN COMRADE to be an instrument . for teaching the sort of Socialism that builds. In aq early issue we expec t to announce another change that will be of intf"rest to our readers. Th< LLANO COLONIST, suspended during the time of the move, is to be il•sumed at once as a twice-a-month publication. It is to be enlarged in size to 6 columns, and the make-up changed . Another important onange will be announced later concerning the COLONIST and in a short time it will undoubtedly once more be issued as• a weekly paper. The quality of the material is to be improved. News of interest to Socialists and co-operator~ will be given greater prominence. News wncerning the Colony will · not be shoved into the background, but will be given definite space, for the COLON IST is another instrument of Constructive Socialism, and "Co-ope ra tion in Action" is one of the most active and promising phases. It is not the intention to make any changes in the subscription rates. Thooe who wish to become agents for the Publications are asked to correspond with the Circulation Department. A very liberal new offer is announced on the back page this issue that should interest . every Socialist. The field of Socialist Publication is much changed in the last year. In the field, made barren by the suspension or suppression of many papers, the Llano Publications have a distinct mission, and readers of the clear, far-seeing editorials are given a clearer vision of the things to be than can be gleaned from almost any other newspape" or magazines. ~ . LLANO PUBLICATIQ!'§. Stables, Louisiana . -o-- Regeneration D URING lhese momentous da:ys, THE PUBLIC is rendering its readers a supremely valuable .service. It is furnishing them the .material for forming intelligent opinions concerning vital political, social and economic problems. No other weekly publi~ation presents the point of view of constructive radicalism so convincingly. Men like Frank P. Walsh, Roy Stannard Baker, Lincoln Steffens, William Marion Reedy, and Rabbi Stephen Wise read THE PtJBLIC because it presents and interprets facts fairly, courageously, and even now and then brilliantly. Brand Whitlock, United States Minister to Belgium.'writes: • In the midst of all the horrors of the world THE PUBLIC is the one thing I know of-asicfe from one's own conscience and the democratic principle down deep in our heart- by which to correct one"s reckoning. It is a compass never sensational, always calm and pointing in the same direction. THE PUBLIC costs only $2 a year-52 ssues. For a trifling cost it gives its readers from week to week, a vital hold upon the significant events; a broader, firmer grasp . of.·developments in the great field of politics and economics. -- ·· ·· ·· ·· ······· · · · · ·· · ··· · · · ·········-·-·-···· · ······· · - ·· ·-·-·· · ··· · · ···· ·· · ····-·· ·· · ·: ······· · · ··· -~ - - THE PUBLIC PUBLISHING CO .• 122 East 37th Street, New York City. {Continued from Page 31) l~arn to . govern forces more and mankind less. .• AM agaz1ne For the Lib.e rals Humanity will not forever be tied to a soulless machine. There is no room left for the black face of pesstmtsm against the scarlet horizon of the dawn of liberty. This war is the judgment of capitalism and will result in the resurrection of liberty. The God of Hope is alive in the world, though it be darkiless before the dawn. Light shall soon break and it will t!len be Morning! Out of universal chaos will be born . - ....-Harmony and mankind will be regenerated through its present trial of pain! Our enforced economic transformation will give rise to new ideals that will bring to the most perfect Hower, the Soul of Man. Enclosed .please find $.................... for ................... . years subscription to THE PUBLIC. Name Address ............................................................................ .. ......................................................................... . Published week ly. Subscription Rates-One year, $2; Six Months, $1 ; Three Months, SOc. Have You Seen Henry M. Tichenor's Monthly ---~~-~~--------'--lr---Pro-Humanity? December 3rd, 1917. Llano del Rio Colony, Dear Comrades: I feel so enthusiastic over the Louisiana Purchase th~t I have decided to pay my instalment payments much sooner than I had expected, Therefore, I am enclosing check for the amount of $400 for which credit to my stock. JOHN W. LINN, Maryland. Fraternally yours, If not, don't miss sending for a sample copy. Subscription, 50 cents a year. PRO-HUMANITY, 940 Chouteau Ave., St. Louis, Mo. �Ear,n Your ·way In H OW MUCH, really, do you wish to become a resident of the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony? - We have had many letters from those . who have asked us for some way by which they might become residents. Good, sincere people, they are, with the earnest desire to cooperate. At last the LLANO PUBLICATIONS have worked out a plan by which pers~stent workers may -earn their way into the Colony. It will require wptk, but only workers are wanted in the Colony, anyway. Not ·a Contest This is not a contest m which only one person wins. It is an opportunity to, win by work, and all who do what is required may come in and become members. Here is your opportunity to actually live the things you have dreamed of. The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony with its more than 16,000 acres of land in the . Highlands of Western Louisiana is going to practice the principles of Socialism. You have talked it and voted for it. Now why not get in and do some practical work that will.open to you the opportunity to live it? . You've talked with obstinate and pig-headed neighbors who_ remained unconvinced. Their un progressiveness has held YOU back ~nd you have been forced to live unde r the capitalistic conditions that tcyey imposed. Get away from it! Live with comrades, among comrades, working with th~ m to make true the dreams you ha_v e dreamed and the plans you have thought out. Da"n't wa it - till tomorrow, but .write TODAY and get the new plan. The LLANO PUBLICATIONS will hel;> you. The plan is a good one. You can win if you - work, a~d you will be given plenty of time. You will be assisted in every way within our power. ACT NOW! This i·s the best time to work. Send in your name and address at once. Remember, if you work you win. You are not entering a contest, but are taking a definite job and will be shown how to go to work. Llano Publica-tions S t aJJ_Le s-~O-U- i sian aExtension Department. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-12/1918-01 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Description An account of the resource Louisiana Number Double Issue Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-12/1918-01 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v05n08-09_191712-191801 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v05n08-09 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 40 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/2f481fdd66cb2f589e08dd579f81f2c5.pdf 12a8a005a70b11fa18802372d1d45d33 PDF Text Text November 1917Price Making Socialism a Power ---a S y m p o s i u m EDITORIALS By Job DEMOCRACY EFFICU::NCY By Alec Watkins................................ 9 THE PROBATION SYSTEM By H. A. Sessions........:................... 1(' REVOLlJfiON IN NORTH DAKOTA By H. G. Teigan................................ I Llano lnvadin. · Louisiana WAS SCHMIDT GUILTY~ By Job Harriman............................... THE STORY OF A NIGHT (Fiction) By Mary Allen ................................. · THE PEOPLE'S COUNCIL By Scott Nearing................................ THE PRINCIPLES OF MONEY By Clinton Bancroft.......................... CURRENT PROBLEMS By Walter Thomas Milia.. .................. EXT MO TH- Uano In Louisiana �Your Gateway to Llano's 16,000 Acre Plantation In the Highlands of We&. T HE Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony was established at Llano, Los Angeles County, California, in May, 1914. It attracted attention throughout the country because of the calibre of the men who were conducting it. Hundreds joined the colony and during the three years. hundreds of acres of orchards and alfalfa were planted, a community garden was grown. and many industries were established, among them being the print shop. shoe shop, laundry, cannery, warehouse, machine shop. blacksmith shops, rug works, planing mill; lime kiln, saw mill, dairy, cabinet shop, nursery, rabbitry, hog raising, lumbering, publishing, trilnsportation, doctors' offices, wood yard, · works, bakery. fish hatchery, barber •hop. baths, swimming studio, commi.sary, hotd, drafting room. post office, Montesschool, commercial classe<, library, and others as well as social res such as the band, weekly dances. instrumental quartets. mu~ical etc. all were operating all of the time. but nearly ail were successThe social features of the Llano Colony at Llano were an uned success. rom the ftrst. the intc~tion wa• to form othN colonies, exten'din~ work as rapidly as possible. The first extension has been organized. 16,000 FERTILE ACRES nation-wide search . it was finally decided to purchase 16,in the healthful highlands of Vernon Parish in Western Louat Stables, one mile from Leesville, the parish seat of Vernon This is about 15 miles from the Sabine river, about 40 miles the Red river, (both navigable), forty miles from Alexandria, miles from Shreveport, a nd about 200 miles from New Orleans. highlands of this district arc fertile, high, well-drained, healthThere are no swamps, no malaria. no mosquitoes. no fevers more found in other ~tales. Health reports show that this portion ian a can compare favorably with any other section of the States. There i• an abundance of drinkin~ water of excellent careful investi~ation was made regardin ~ health conditions. by the Health Department of Louisiana were studied. of this district were interviewed. All agreed on the health this portion of the State, and those who have heard disreports from Louisiana are invited to make further and more mvestigation before arriving at conclusion. huge tract lies southwest of Leesville and has had most of aber cut off. Remaining along the creeks,however, are scatlines of the long leaf variety to supply the Colony with buildaterial {or many years to come. About 1200 acres of hardtimber worth many thousands of dollars are also on the land opportunities for the establishing of many industries. The is, beech, magnolia. white oak, cypress, walnut, post oak, oak, sweet gum, and hickory. The trees arc splendid ones, this body of timber ;s not to be surpassed in quali ty. purchase of this body of land was not made without careThe · colon;sts at Llano appointed a committee of went to the land and carefully inspec ted it asking inquestions concerning it·. Comrade Job Harriman had already looked at tracts offered for sale in various parts of the United States. None equalled the one purchased in Louisiana. A TOWN CAME WITH IT When the purchase was first contemplated, and it was finally decided to buy the 16,000 acres near Leesville, it was found that the lumber hamle t of Stables stood on the property. This was acquired with the land. A hotel of 18 rooms, 27 habitable houses. 100 other small houses. one shed 130x300 feet, one shed 130x200 feet, one shed BOx I 00 feet, one store 30x90, one office 40x50, eight other sheds and structures. The lumber in these buildings. together with other lumber on the place, amounts to about 2 mil~n feet. Ties for a railroad extend across the land. A concrete power house and 5 concrete drying kilns (cost to erect them, $12.000) each kiln about 20x70 by 20 feet high are also included. Stables is on the line of the K~nsas City Southern Railroad. Thi~ town will be for a while, but later a more s:r:stematically laid out town will __ ._ ... This is the first question: A careful investigati shows a good variety. These reports did not a ca·ses of doubt, the product named has not b list given here. Cotton, su~ar cane, and corn ' principal crops, though sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, particularly well and pay good returns. Pecans are nallv• region. Oats are profitably grown. Peaches, plums, prune., and most berries do exceedingly well. This higher region i1 developed for figs to quite a large extent. .Vegetable. o( all thrive and pmduce prolifically. There is no better peanut It is not likely that citrus fruits can be produced here. 'The first task will be to prepare the land for crops, •nd it 15 tl intention to do this at once. Cattle, sheep, and hogs can he ·~ ro" he.re aiid it is quite likely that the livestock irdustry "ill be given special attention. PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT Definite plans for the development of the new colony •rc now worked out. Efficiency of worker. will be insisted on. hour system, with the equal wage will be features . will be established as rapidly as poS<ible. The colony will be m'lde to support a population of several thousand persons the agricultural development and the industries. The general plan contemplated is to make heads o f departm responsible for the work they are in charge of. with a gcr superintendent in cha rge of the whole. Experience has shown :hat the interests of efficiency are best served in this manner. 'The land will be ;-:.i under cultivation as rapidly as this can be done. The h..,usmg will be the best that it is possible to pro1·:de. and no definite statemen ts can be made except that wooden ho1·ses will he built at first . TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES Heinr. on the . main line of the Kansas City Southern railroad "ith a switch o n Llano property, the matter of transportation will be a simple one. Two navigable rivers are no t far distant. The port of New Oalcans has s teamers to the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of be th North and South America. WHAT ABOUT LLANO. CALIFORNIA? Tho California Llano Colony will be left in charge of • coa.l· paratively few men to de velop according to a definite plan to whic h they will work . Orchards will ·be planted and cared for and th~ property a( Llano made very valuable. The work of transfe rrin~ most of the population as "ell ,. the industries and the personal e ffects of the residen ts is a bag tasl:. The sawmill. blacksmith shop. farm implements, some h~, c at~l·~ rabbits. and hogs wall be left. . Residents and incbstries will be tran s fe rr~d in the 'Jrder in which they are most required. The publishing departm .. ,i will be amon l the first nao1·ecl. FOR MORE INFORMAT 10N More detailed information is given in the "Gateway to Freedom" which outlines the icl~a of co-operative coloniza tion. the reason• fc..t it, and wha t i< hor,cd may be achieved, together with the method· to be used. The folder "Llano's Plantation in the Highlands of Louisiana .. goes into more detail concerning the new 16.000 acrr tract. The new colony m Loui,iana can support a population of perhaps several thousand persons. It offers wonderful opportunitieo to all who join. You are inviteJ to write .to the Membership Department for full information abc ut ar.) point not made clear. a nd answera tc questicons you ask. Adclre<s Membership Departme nt LLANO DEL RIO COLONY. STABLES, LOUISIANA �Poli t ical Actioa Co-opera Iron Socialism The Western "The Most Co'!slructive Magazine For Socialism in America." Devoted to the Cause of the Workers Entered as second-flass matter November 4th, 1916, at the post office at l..lano, California, un· JOB HARRIMAN . . 11179. PUBLISHED FACH MOrmt AT ll.ANO. CALIFORNIA. ALANSON SESSIONS . . Associate Edi't or .· Managing ~ditor Subscription Rate-7Sc a year; C;m'!da $1. Single Copies IOc; clubS of 4 or moro (in W. S.) SOc. Combination with ll.ANO COLONIST $1. Publishers and others ·are invited to copy at will from the WESTERN COI\1RADE, but are asked to give credit. Nothing copyrighted unless so alated. In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing cl_epartment may be certain that the right name is being changed. Please do not send subscriptions, changes of address. complaints, etc., to individuals. Address ALL communications to the Llano Publications, Llano, Calif. This paper will not assume responsiBility unless this rule is followed. The Western Comrade neither approves nor disapproves the sen limen Is expressed in contributions not signed by one of its editorial staff. -~ -== LLANO. CALIFORNIA. NOVEMBER. VOL. Y. Editorials A RSENE is the last message from hell. It is a gas with a n arsenic base. Science knows nothing that will ~ou~­ .&. teract its deadly effect on the human body. Nothmg ts known that will neutralize it in the air. A breath of it is certain dea th. It is odo rl ess and invisible. It is heavy a nd requires a lmost a storm to carry it away. It hovers about its victim and makes the burial of the dead impossibl; Certain death awaits those wiw come to bury their dead! The materials of which 11 is maJe are abunda nt a nd cheap. One a ir ship can carry ~ nou gh, when com pressed into a bomb, to kill every man, ,.·oma n and child in a vil lage of four hundred. It was first thrown by the Germans into the ranks of the Allies. The bombs burst with such slight violence tha t the ~ oldiers of the Allies thought tha t the Germans had exhausted the ir explosives. But in a few hours they suffered. from blindtoess, spasms and finally death . One American magazine suggests that the combined air f eels of -the All ies be equipped a nd that this terrible gas be c ropped on a ll the cities and towns of the Central Powe rs. The Central Powers have made the discovery and are probably a lready prepared for a raid. This deadly gas is fra ught wi th the most appalling a nd farro:aching conseq uences of any war weapon ever conceived. Woe unto the people of- the world when chemistry assumes e .1t ire control of this wart --<>-- 1 LA 0 is now extendin g its operations into Louisiana . ~ Lla no, California, is located in one of the fin est orchard d stricts in the wo rld. It is high grade orchard and alfa lfa land. But the land purchased in Louisiana far excels it for general farming. No irriga tion and no dra inage will be necessz,ry there. Those who have not visited all parts of Louisiana a nd a re not familiar with its va ried climate, have an erroneous idea of t~. e &gricultural possibilities of that state. The highlands, where the Colony will be located, is one of the most picturesque countries on the continent. The land is 1917. No. 7 By Job Harriman rolling and threaded with beautiful woods and creeks, with excellent ra nge grass for live stock extending miles in every direction. The bottom lands are extremely rich and the rolling lands produce large and abundant crops. ' Our tables can . be bountifully supplied · from our own ra nge, fields and gardens the first year. There is an abundance of hardwood timber to supply every want of the colony for furniture, finishing and building lumber and all domestic purposes. The materia-ls for a veribble empire are there. Knowing what we know of co-operation in Llano, we can say t~ the world tha t the future of Llano in Louisiana is a guaranteed success. A force will be kept a t Llano, California, where the orchards will be developed a nd the Llano property brought into bearing and grea t value. A full description of the new Colony property and its possibilities will be found in several numbers of the Western Comrade. We comm end a ca reful perusal to all who are interested in this wonderful undertakin g. --o-- T H E END of the war is not · in sight. Even the beginning of the end is not yet. Before this war ends, the public mind must turn its back upon the accumulation of · fortunes and move firmly for the uplift of huma nity. Ambition to ma ke money has led to this world disaster. Economic power in the hands of the few makes military power inevitable. It matters not whether this power is in the hands of an aristocracy or a dynasty, the results must finally be the same. When milita rism rises, it of necessity takes the same form in every land. T he most efficient military power becomes the standard and the pattern · for a ll other countries. Superior efficiency compels all others to act likewise or be crushed. There is no choice. The world is patterning after the German �Page Four The methods. These and other supenor methods mil remam as long as capitalism lasts. Men may cry peace, peace, but as Icing as there are conflicting interests there will be hostile forces struggling to dominate. Already we are be'ing told that the war will last yet ten years and that men now living may not see the end. If this is true, may the people not well ask if the present forms of government have not utterly failed'? But all present forms of government are capitalistic in their nature. The surplus power arising out of all industries and commercial transactions is held by the few and used to determine governmental policies. And th~ governmental policies of the world have led to a world cataclysm. The abolition of conflicting interests in domestic, national and international affairs, and the establishment in their stead of a community of interest, is the only salvation for the race. War after war, cataclysm after cataclysm, will follow in the wake of capitalism. --o- B RAZIL. japan, and China have just entered the war. As a source 'of food supplies, Brazil will be important to the Allies. But the entrance of japan and China is fraught with many mJsgJvmgs. These countries can land their troops through the Persian Gulf on Eastern Turkish soil more cheaply than Occidental civilization can land troops in Eastern Turkey. But Turkey lies adjacent to the Dardanelles and the Suez Canal. There are the highways of commerce for Asia, Africa and Europe. What if the ambitions of japan should lead her to seek their control? Would England surrender them? What if she were to join Russia in her demand that the Dardanelles, the Suez Canal. the Straight of Gibraltar, the English Channel, the Panama Canal- that all these should be free to the world? Would England and the United States surrender them? These highways are matters of world interest and will he involved in peace negotiations. When one thinks of a conflict between Oriental and Occidental civilization, with the Eastern resources untouched. the armies and navies of these countries fresh while the West is worn and weary and more than half spent. it shrouds one's soul with gloom and despondency. --o-- N OT ONLY the throne of Germany. but the governments of every country ,stand perilously near a precipitate precipice · over which they may any day be thrust. following the Czar of Russia. Whoever has observed the operations of Germany must know that the crown will be cast down by internal dissensions rather than by external forces. Von Hollweg was forced out of office by the Reichstag. Dr. Michaelis is fast following for the same reasons. Every succeeding. ministry will follow more and more frequently until either the crown falls or a radical cabinet is formed. \ ' We s tern Comrade The same conditien exists in F ranee. A similar condition exists in England, though it is a little . les~ pronounced. · Italy is similarly afflicted and the late German victories will aggravate conditions there. Even our own country, according to the New Nation and Current Opinion, is unsettled. These journals are impressed by the fact that "the old war motivation has not been in evidence during this war;" john Dewey, of Columbia University, advises political leaders to note "that it is rather a cool, dispassionate, even grudging recognition of a great job to be done" ; while the late vote of the New York City mayoral campaign . emphasizes the fact that he has not only told the truth, but that even more than he has stated may be true. There is great danger of a popular reaction in all countries. Nor can one be surprised when death-dealing messages like Arsene·ring throughout the world with the groans of the dying. One thing is daily becoming more and more evident, and that is that we are rapidly evolving into a new order of things. Our government has already assumed partial control of the flour mills and granaries ,the coal mines, the food prices, and yet finds itself surrounded by a craven desire on the part of business men to reap. enormous fortunes in this unfortunate hour of national distress. The very business men who are crying loudest for patriotic sentiment are looting the country's resources by the commercial transactions. and by so doing, are committing acts of real treason to this country. ,Every fortune so reaped impels others of similar greed to deal likewise, while each such act forces the government to place greater limits upon profits. The process is inevitabl~ and if the war continues long, which it will, the government will frankly be forced to conscript not only all profits but all wealth. This governmental act will be the ushering in of the new order. Let us hope that the government will not hesitate firmly to take this step. It seems to be the only step that will enlist the support of the masses who are now sorely feeling the effects of high prices, low wages. and heavy taxes. By government conscription of wealth. profits and incomes. the war could be far more equitably financed, the interests of the people unified and public unrest to some degree, allayed. --o- T HE New York campaign is the most illuminating fact in the political firmament of the hour, and Hillquit is the central star. Hill quit! Who is Hillquit? He is a lawyer of the first magnitude. He has largely determined the present attitude and policy of the Socialist party. He has had much to do with the general urge that demands of the government that it state its terms of peace. He has always been opposed to the war and the vote he received not only astonished the ·government and this country. but it astonished the world. We were all amazed at the voice crying in the wilderness, "Make ye your paths straight!" Well may we all put our ears to the ground and listen to the rumbling of the underworld! �The · Wealern Comrade T HE SOCIAUSfS of the world have for a quarter of a the world over of go emment, industrial and commercial century foreseen this world war coming like a tidal wave; control. and have relentlessw struggled, in every way within their Popular sentiment is forcing the former while the war is power, to avert it. Their power was not sufficient, but their forcing the latter; and self-preservation will compel each propaganda has developed a world-wide movement that points nation to continue them both. Thus it is that we are now at the birth of a new order. to the solution of this world war proble~. It is true that Socialists thought that the conflict would come --o-between the working class and the governments of the world. · MILITARISM is the child of special privilege. It springs If the struggle would have survived, democracy would have as naturally from privilege as ambition springs from died, ~~·d plutocracy would -have reigned supreme. po~er. But the logical evolution of commercial and industrial They both lead to tyranny and oppression, then to revoluevents developed ambition for empire along with commercial tion. Whosoever possesses a special privilege must shape the and industrial dominion. This brought on the clash of arms laws to protect him in the enjoyment of that privilege. between governments and not between the people and their Every privilege protected by law results in increased burgovernments. dens upon all save the beneficiaries. Having foreseen the coming of the war for so long, and As the ben__eficiary loves the advantage'S, so the burdened ha ving believed that the struggle would .begin between the peohates the disadvantage. Finally, the law becomes an object pl e a nd their governments, the Socialists, for the most. part, o'f derision and contempt. fa il to recognize this war as the social revolution which they, Disloyalty, resistance, and riot follow close upon the heels for so long, have foreseen. _ of contempt for law. Then comes the cry for law and order. The complex situation puts the Socialists of the world in a Already having Ia~ to protect privilege, a military force is most embarrassing position. They all belong to an internaorganized to preserve order. tional movement. They have met in international congresses Thus militarism is born of special privilege. for years. Their economic principles and philosophy are the The hatred and contempt that sprang from the burdens resame the world over. Their interests and aims are identical. sulting from legalized privilege are carried over to the military The thought of shooting those with whom they have so long force that preserves order while the burden is still imposed. worked to avert this war, is unbearable. Neither law nor order nor military power can induce or Yet each and every one desires to be faithful to his own ~ompel human beings to love a crushing burden. They country. Between these two extremes they vacillate and find struggle against a burden as naturally and persistently themselves in worlds of trouble. Many Socialists do not unwater runs dewn hill. It may be held in check for a while, derstand that this is the Social Revolution. while most people but the tiniez must co~e when the pressure must be greater do not understand the difficult position in which the ~cialists than the strength of the dam. are placed. Then the revolution is on. If it were possible for all governments to conscript all So--o-cialists to work in the domestic industries so that they would HE "LONDON POST" s:~ys: "The Allies are determined not be compelled to shoot the members of their organizations / . upon one peace onJy-the peace not of compromise, but with whom they have worked so long, the vast majority of the civic discord would disappear and social evolution toward of victpry." Lloyd George, supporting this position, says: "A peace which does not give France Alsace-Lorraine, Italy the new er-a would be promoted with greater harmony. This being improbable, it remains for us to lend what aid we the Trent ion and Istria, which leaves Austria with Bosnia a~d can to. a pu.blic understanding of the situation and to bring Turkey with Armenia and Mesopotamia, a peace which res: ores the German colonies--would be- disaster for the Allies about the greatest -degree of possible harmony. and victory for the Central powers." Peace with victory! . Indeed! We entered the war for TATE OCIALISM is rapidly and irresistibly marching "peace withW,Jt victory." We entered to "save the world" from Prussia11 autocracy and "for democracy." But England upon the world. seems to think that we are staying in it for territorial conThe capitalists are opposed to it. quest and aggrandizement. the conquest of her allied powers. The Social Democrats are opposed to it. Peace without victory is right. But peace with victory But the logic of events favors it and so it comes. and make the world safe for autoc> would destroy democracy Everybody, c~pitalist and Socialist alike, should work for racy. it. It is the next step in civilization and is the only solution as T S to our ocial problems. If civilization survives, it must take this step. Failing to tak~ it, civilization will rel_ apse into barbarism. State Socialism does not mean tyranny. ni ersal suffrage and direct legislation are the antidotes lor political tyranny. The.e mo emenb are the forerunners T ., HE ET II COME of 29 steel. munitions, and machinery conceros- was $69,365.568 in 1914 and in 1915 it wu $5%.236,644. "War-what -for?" Simple enough. �Page Six The Western Comrade Llano Invading Louisiana "WHEN are you going to Louisiana?" This is the question asked an~ repeated. It is heard in the woods where the boys are getting out the logs to be sawed up into packing cases. It is heard at the tables in the hotel at every meal. It is heard in the machine shop, and wherever two colonists meet. This is the one absorbing subject of conversation. The work at Llano is largely done. Fields have been cleared of brush. The sawmill is installed. Roads have been built. Houses are here a plenty to house the inhabitants for a long time. Industrial buildings and warehouses are built and in use. Remains only the planting and the caring for orchards, the little gardening, and the irrigating and harvesting of alfalfa. A few men can do the work and do it well. The rest of the residents will now go on to Louisiana, to develop the new lands, to bring them into bearing, to erect houses, to establish industries, to organize socially. Definite plans for the work at Llano are being worked out and a quite complete general plan is already adopted. But how to get to Louisiana- that is the problem. It is 2000 miles, probably 2500 miles from Llano, California, to Stables, Louisiana. To move several hundred people there, to pack up their household goods, to move to repair cars in case of breakdowns. Some of the boys are ambitious to hold meetings en route. At the time this is written nothing definite regarding automobile journey$ to Louisiana has been decided on . . The automobile route adopted lies well to the south, and the towns visited are not large, most of them. The reason for keeping so far to the south is to keep away from snow· as much as possible. It is estimated that the average time to make the Llano-to-Leesville trip will be in the neighborhood of 18 days, possibly more. The towns through which the Llano cara vans will go are: Victorville, Barstow, and Cadiz, California; Parker, Wenden, Palo Verde, Buckeye, Phoenix, Chandler, Globe, Rice, Safford, Duncan, Heyden, Winkleman, Ray, Arizona; Lordsburg, Deming, Los Cruces, New Mexico; El Paso, Van Horne, Pecos, Midland, Colorado, Sweetwater, Abilene, Cisco, Ranger, Mineral Springs, Weatherford, Fort Worth, Dallas, Terrell, Tyler, Longview, Mansfield, Texas; Shreveport, Mansfield, Chadwick, Leesville, Louisiana. The third departure was the publishing department, which included the WESTERN COMRADE and the LLANO COLONIST. Thousands of pieces of literature were printed in the six weeks just prior to departure. Extra help had been employed and frequently night shifts worked While MovingTo the New Home in Louisiana, the ~ESTERN COMRADE will possibly be delayed December. Every effort will be made to set up the machinery as soon as possible. All communications should be addressed, after November 15th, to 111 the 1ssue for ., I I 1 1 I. I THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS, STABLES. LOUISIANA. i ~I them to the trains, to get them under way, to house them again in their new home- this is all a titanic task. But the people of Llano are buckling to their work. They know what they want to do. They have met and conquered bigger tasks than this one. The first contingent left Llano for the South, Sunday, October 28, when George Deutsch, commissary man , and C. M. Cason, chief accountant accompanied Job Harriman. Comrade Cason will take charge of the books there and will have complete charge of the accounting, just as he has had at Llano. Comrade Deutsch, who has been in the commissary for several months, will organize and systematize that department at Llano. He will have better quarters at Stables than he had at Llano, and he expects to ·install a system that will be superior in ma ny ways and which will be a source of pride and satisfaction from the very first. Other contingents will leave as soon as they can be made ready. A number of the comrades plan to go by automobile, some in privately owned cars, others in Colony cars. Not many women will make this automobile trip, but for men who have been ac:customed to "roughing it" there is the spice of variety. to attract. Road maps have been diligently studied and efforts made to secure · the most accurate, detailed, and uptodate in (ormation regarding the state of the roads. Expert mechan-cs will accompariy the auto caravans ! .! ' in order to get the work out with as little delay as possible. The big press ra n every day and all day long. The little press put in good time. The linotype was .kept busy; the stitcher and folder were scarcely ever idle during the daylight hours. Extra copies of the publications have been printed and special descriptive literature has been made ready for mailing. With the going of the publishing department went the machinery of other industries, loaded with them and sent 011 a head. Wood-working machinery and repair machinery went. Following them will comt the other industries as rapidly as they can be made ready for the trip. WHAT WILL BE DONE AT STABLES? S tables is the little Colony town one mile south of Leesville. It is the new colony headquarters. Here the Llano Colonists and the new members will live and work out the solution of their ideals. Here they will live until they build their own new city. That is scheduled for some time in the future. There are many things to be done first, so the colonists will occupy the buildings they bought, except such others as are immediately necessary, and will make their way as is deemed best. There will be a number of departures from the methods used in Llano, California. Some of them will be because of' changed conditions. Others will be the result of lessons 1 ' �· The· Western Comrade PapS...... learned: Others will be those which it was always intended authentic repo~t~ only have been considered, and all agr.ee should be emP,loyed, but which conditions nev~r made on the healthfulness of this region. A prominent physician · of the ozone belt,. of which the colony lands ·are a part, possible before. There will be cha~ges in management that will result is quoted as saying, "There is tonic in the very air we in increased efficiency. This is not a mere guess hazarded breathe here, a natural tonic. . That is why it is known as at random, but a fact. The deparJments will be better the .ozone belt. The water is good and pure in wells of organized than ever before and their duties will be more 45 feet and deeper·. . . There is another definitely decided. There Will· be a better general plan .. reason why we have so little sickness. The country is The men in charge are men who are experienced in the new and free from those influences of a thickly settled work under colony conditions. . country where civilization has grown old and congested Standardization of labor is to be a Colony ideal. modeled 4nd careless, and besides, we have some very good pracafter standardized labor plans elsewhere. Many ·a letter tical laws on sanitation in Louisiana that help to keep our has brought the question: What will you do with the citizens clean and well and strong." Another prominent man who does not do his share? With standardization of physician of the Highland district· is credited with the labor it will be possible to deal with this individual and to following : "There are rarely any cases of throa.t troubles compel each to do his part toward the success of the whole. not preventable by reasonable care in dress and ventilation . Out of it will grow an efficiency of production that will The reason is that there are no violent and sudden changes redound to the credit and benefit of the entire colony. of weather, such as are common in northern states. . . Other improvements in methods and management are . Persons affected with such ailment ' planned, but it is still too early to speak definitely Qn them ·and even with asthma and the primary stages of pulmonary or even to say what is contemplated, for there are many trouble are materially benefited by coming to this country." contingencies, and the possibilities of their not being inIt is necessary to stress the ·healthfulness of the Highland stituted at once are many. Therefore they will not be district forcefully, because there is so much misinformatioa mentioned until they are accomplished facts. existing concernin~ Louisiana. That her swamps arc The same general plan that has been followed at Llano, large and unhealthful is not to be gainsaid. But the asCalifornia, is to be followed in Louisiana. That is the col- sertion might safely be· made that every state in the Union lective ownership, of course, and the eight hour day and has spots that are far from ideal as regards health conthe equal wage, the commissary, the social features and ditions. Unfortunately for Louisiana her swamps have social service, the use-possession of houses. The style of been far better advertised than her more healthful regions, city has not been determined. No attempt will be made to and this dates back to ante-bellum days. remodel Stables or to make it into anything but an ordinary The Highland· District of Louisiana is quite different railroad town. When any effort is made to work out a · from any other portion of it, and from the fact that it has city plan, it will be in a new spot, where no previously been covered with heavy timber, and therefore was not built buildings will interfere or inject new problems. visited by tourists, and not inhabited by a very large But all energies will be bent at first on the clearing and population, there is little information to be secured from planting. Of 'course it is not ne.cessary to clear the land those who have been to Louisiana. usually. It is also true in order to get ctops, and the clearing will b~ deferred that little printed matter exists regarding this district, fot as much as possible so that the greatest possible acreage where there are few people there is little reason for putting may be put in . There is plowing to be done, the pur- much information into print, and without the necessity it is chasing of seed, the laying out of the land, the organiza- not done. This explains the difficulty of learning much tion of farming groups and departments, and a thousand about the Highlands from any books to be found in the . and one things to make the new colony a producer from ordinary library. the very start. No time is being wasted, and the small The land is we11 drained, is rolling, and the elevation of group of colonists now on the land is· doing all it can, with- the colony lands is about 240 feet. The growing season , out altogether considering the eight-hour day, which is lasts from seven to nine months. Some authorities give the ~ay with enthusiasts everywhere who are intent on a longer growing . season than this, but the time here is conservative and long enough to satisfy most persons. achievement. 'The chief crops to be grown this year, aside from the Corn is likely to be one of the chief crops, if not the vegetables, wiil be .corn, cotton, forage crops, sugar cane, most important of all, for many years to come. Yields melons, sweet potatoes: Irish potatoes, peanuts and oats. are good from the start, and a government farm adviser There will be others, of course, but ~hose will be the chief who has worked and studied Highland soil, makes the ones. Unless the unforeseen intervenes, they will go far statement that the lands w~ll produce up to 70' bushels. to sustain the colony, and there should be a surplus for sale. This is not on new land, however, but on land that has There will undoubtedly be a community garden, but in been well filled and well enriched and carefully farmed . .addition to this, it is quite probable that ma ny residents He claims, however, that with one legume crop for fertilization, and using only ordinary care and methods, the will also raise garden. Reports regarding the healthfulness of this district con- land will produce 40 to 55 bushels to the acre. This is tinue to come in from many different sources. It has been accepted as being authorative, as the man who makes the . called the ozone belt. The piney Highlands .of Western assertion is in the government service. Crops are quite certain in the Highlands, for the growLouisiana are quite different from the lands bordering watercourses-alo~g the Gulf Coast or along the Missising season is long. Late cold spri)lgs or early falls do sippi. Because the land is high and rolling, COI!sequently not shorten the season enough, in th·e years when they do well drained, there are no mosquitoes. Being no mos- come, to endanger crops. Rainfall is sure; drouths are quitoes, there is no malaria. This region. has been known unknown. It is possible to take off a crop of corn and as one of the most healthful ot the South, and the health the same year to plant a restorative forage crop that will reports from the ozone belt are of the best. The most 'put back in the soil the plant food taken out by the corn. _ __j �Page Eight The Western Comrade LIVESTOCK OPPORTUNITil?.S 1 The West has iilways been associated with the cattle and stock industry; T ex<ls, too, is usually considered in connection with stock raising, but 'few persons ever think of Louisiana as a State where cattle and horses, hogs and sheep. have a very high place in the lis of products. Yet governm!;!nt reports of the opportunities presented for raising cattle and sheep and' hogs indicate that this industry can be made a very profitable one. There was a time when the tick made this an extremely hazardous .J'ls•ness, but science ·has found ways to prevent the spread of this disease and to eradicate it entirely. Government reports are now produced showing that the cattle industry can be carried on with the moderate guarantee of generous profits. The number of forage plants grown in Louisiana or native to this State is not equalled anywhere else in North America, it is claimed. Among them are Bermuda Grass and Lespedeza, {a plant native to the South). Most of the clovers thrive there and produce heavily. Alfalfa does well. Cow peas, velvet beans, and soy beans are tried and proved crops. Sudan grass and timothy do pa rticularly well. Sorghum can be grown as stock feed with great success. Some of the forage crops listed here are well known to farmers from all parts of the country, but Lespedeza, which is held in high favor in Louisiana, is not so well known. I.t is an annual, greatly resembles alfalfa, has wonderful s01l building properties, and will yield from one to three tons of hay, said to be equal in food value to alfalfa. The stock raising end of farming, though offering great profits, has not been taken up extensively in the South, although more and more attention is now being devoted to it. The mild and pleasant climate makes it unnecessary to invest heavily in shelter for stock. The abundance of cheaply grown feeds of so many varieties reduces feeding expense to a minimum. Added to this is the fact that cotton seed meal can be secured at little cost for fattening, and corn can be produced plentifully. Peanuts and sweet potatoes are fed liberally to stock, especially to hogs. Sweet potatoes and peanuts left in the ground when the crops are harvested will be found by the hogs so that none will be wasted. Root crops of all kinds are profitable for feeding. Beef production is also facilitated by the abundance of crops and the variety that can be grown. The Colony should be able to produce beef of prime quality at an exceedingly low price, and there is no doubt of the ability to . sell it. Dairying, too, is among the industries that may be started at once and which promise good returns, even guarantee them. in fact. Here again the abundance, cheapness, and· variety of feeds reduces dairying problems to a minimum, and markets are both near and good. Good standard bred cows are being brought into Louisiana, and the dairy industry is being built up rapidly. It is the intention of the Colony to enter extensively into ·the production of milk, butter, and cheese, and there are no obstacles apparent to prevent this. The United States Bureau of Animal Husbandry is credited with the statement that the production of dairy food is t less cost in the South than in any other portion of the ountry, and it is impossible to conceive of conditions being more favorable in any portion of the South than they are n the district wherein lie the new Llano lands. U 1 -- -· The poultry business also promises big returns in the Highland Plantation of the Llimo Colony. There is no severe winter to interfere, and hens can range out of doors every day of the year, except during rains. The equipment required is probably the simplest that can be used- anywhere. Poultry feed can be produced on Colony lands. Splendid claims are made for sheep and goats, and the reasonableness. of the Claims is quite evident when consideration is given to the bounteous forage crops. PUITING LAND UNDER CULTIVATION Many q·uestions have been asked and many objection~ raised concerning the cultivation of stump-covered land. The average number of stumps to the acre is about fifty. The actual number may range from . ten to several hundred. But clearing the land of them is not a difficult process, according to ·information that appears to be entirely trustworthy. There is little undergrowth left. The trees were removed perhaps ten years ago. There is little except very young saplings which interpose no obstacles, and the stumps which are long since dead and dry. The principal task is to get the stumps out of the land. These stumps are of the long leaf yellow pine variety. They do not rot because they are filled with pitch and rosin. Instead of branching roots, there is a main tap root that goes straight down. This would make their removal difficult but for the fact that they are so filled with pitch. A machine is used for quickly boring holes into the stumps. It consists of a large power-driven auger mounted on wheels. A two-and-one-half-inch hole is bored into the stump, starting at the surface and boring diagonally through. emerging about 15 inches below · the surface. By digging down to the ·hole and starting a fire, the stump . is soon consumed, the hole bored through it acting as a ! flue that creates a draft which keeps the fire ·going. Soon nothing is l~ft but a little pile of ashes. The entire stump is thus burned, clear 'down into the roots below the bottom of the auger hole. It is said to be a very efficient method and not expensive. The secret of the plan is the hole that leads · the fire to the heart of the stump. It is not, however, necessary to remove stumps in order to farm the land. Lacking lateral roots, the stumps do not present very great obstacles and it is possible to plow close to them. The land can be farmed before it is cleared. which is a distinct advantage to the colony, as it will permit . cropping a large acreage at once. 1 WHAT WILL BE DONE FIRST The general methods to be pursued will not be greatly different than have been outlined as colony procedure in the past·. Many improvements in management will of course be made, as experience has demonstrated many things. The housing a nd transportation were the greatest problems at Llano, California. They were eventually solved. The new colony at Stables, Louisiana, does not present these problems. The railroad, with a switch on colony lands, will lay goods down within a few hundred feet of where most of them will be used. There is already a hotel, and there are many houses suitable for immediate use, with abundance of materials on the ground or cheaply bought to erect residences of a substantial nature without much delay. Of course the first task is to make people as comfortable as possible, and this is already being done. The second is to arrange for the housing of industries. �The Western Comrade Page Nine There are large sheds and other buildings which can easily The peaceful and constructive invasion of Louisiana by the Llano colonists is one that should be welcome.d ~y the be made to do for this purpose. The thi'rd, and one which must be carried on with the people of the South. The colonists have always been able other two, is to prepare the soil and plant crops. Nothing to get on amicably with their neighbors, and there is every must delay this work. It must be undertaken at once, and reason to believe that the people of Vernon Parish will have nothing to regret when they find the Llano people . be carried on whether other wo~k suffers or not. That is the law of farming the world over, for the seasons will not living amongst them. The So~ialists of the South are wait on the farmer's conv.enience. . much interested in this peaceful inThe Llano industries will be movvasion and promise a most cordial ed, erected, organized, and started reception. Socialism was never more an issue than now. and never as soon as . possible. It is quite was more interest shown. Adding probabie that many of them will . be the efforts of the Llano community to come immediately profitable. not only ByAiec Watkin s the propaganda of the lighting Socas a colony venture for colony uses ialists o'f Texas, Arkansas and Oklabut also for the outside business that (Written Specially for Western Comrade) may be secured. While no prophesies homa should go far toward cementing HE opinion is quite general Tha t the South together for more liberal are offered, it is evident that with Democracy and Efficienrv a re incompatlaws, and should strengthen the a compa ra tively la rge population near ible. In conduc ting o ur organizations by. a share of outside business should movement g~eatly, making it a Solid we socialists help to confi rm this belief. We a rc no t inclined to trust those m he easily secured. Llano has good South for Socialism. authority very far. A critical examina tion The Llano Community invites mechanics and workmen, a nd if it of history has developed in us a rather friends and . skeptics alike to visit it. becomes necessary to. go into comlarge capacity for suspicion. And frequentto learn what is being attempted, to petition with the outside. there is ly. when the necessity for suspicion has little doubt that they will be quite join in making the ideals of constructlargely gone, the instinct still persists. In our organizations we are often afraid to able to hold their own, when they live Socialism a reality. delegate any real power to the officials Letters have already begun to have colony backing. we ourselves elect : w e insist up~::m elect-Already the offices are established come in asking for more information in ~ committees wh e n far better results a t Stables. a nd the visitors to the new about the plans of the colonists. could be obtained by allowing the presiding officer to appoint them; we demand that colony a re being hospitably cared fo r The question most freque1,1tly asked all business be brought before the main and entertained in the ho tel there. is, "What a re you going to do with body when much of it could well be left the Colony in California?" This is which is quite adeauate fo r present to our officers and committees. It would uses. but which undoutedlv soon will the question which the colonists at be difficult to devise a more effec tual way be outgrown . Llano asked themselves and the ansof tying our own hands. This is done in the name of Democracy; The publishing department will wer has been found. but it is no more necessary to democ ratic be installed with as little loss of time The present plan, as has already management than is poor accountancy. Special efforts will he as possible. been stated. is to bend most of the slovenly janitor-work. nr any thing else tha t made to put this industry on a workenergies toward bringing the Lousproduces ch aos where there should be order. ' It has been said that democracy is no t ing basis at once. The publications iana Colony to the point of produca FORM of government . but a KIND of tion as rapidly as possible. To thir. will hereafter be issued from the new government : it is the kind of government colony, the postoffice of which is at end the majority of the residents of in which the governed a re in control of present Stables. Llano. California, are being transthei r own affairs. hut the form it takes is Farming in the South will be in ferred to the new property. But even a ma tter of expediency. and may vary ac co rding to c irc umstances. Popular .control · the hands of those who know most within the last month, or at any rate i ~ the essential fea ture. Democracy pre- · about it. and everv effort to · secure since the Louisiana move was definvents the control of the business of All of knowledge . of more efficient methods itely decided on, new members have the people by a few of them. hut to insist come to Llano who expect :to stay · a nd more~~ rofi.table crops will b e that all nf the people pass upon all of the details of all of their business prevents any here. They will remain. They will made. ~l e it is a n accepted fact sort of adequate control whatever, even that the man who has fa rmed suchelp in the planting of trees, the by the people themselves. In fact, if thP. cessfully in any district knows how build:ng of flumes , and the other members o f an organiza tion pursue such a it should be done and is the man work that must be carried on. Others course consistently fo r any len!(th of time. whose methods should be followed. it will want to come to California, and they arc likely to have no business left to control. does not follow tha t his methods they will he permitted to do so to the Efficiency does no t req uire that the memextent that there is · work for them. a re the best possible, a nd a consta nt hcrs o f tt n o rganiza tion relinqu ish their con search will he made for better ones. As this is being written a comrade trol of its a ffairs. but it does necessita te There is little doubt but what the in Los Angeles writes to know about the placmg of a larger amount of confidence in executi ve office rs than we in the socialis t ca nnery will be established at Stables. our plans for Llano. He wants to movement are in the habit of placing in know if we intend to build a model but there is quite a lot of work to ours. Eternal vigilance is the price of libcity at Llano. It is impossible to give be done a t Llano in the meantime. erty. but perpetual suspicio n buys us no th a direct answer to this question or The Llano cannery is just finishing ing but trouble. to others of a similar nature. This its greatest season. Canned fruit and vegetables. a nd the machinery and i~ something which will be left to the boxes a nd whatever Is used must be pack~d for shipment. discretion of those who live at Llano. Certainly, if they Pla ns are already being made to can vegetables in large wish to do so and it is deemed practicable. It is not just quantities for the coming year. There will probably be less nor feasible for those who go to Louisiana to dictate what fruit and more vegetables put into cans next season as' those who live at Llano should do. The only thing that it will be several years before the Colony fruit industry may be said definitely and safely is that the Llano colony in California is to be retained and its development continued. can be put on a producing basis in the South. Democra.c y and Efficiency T - ------·------------------------------------------· �Psge Ten Criminality-The Probation System By H . A SESSIONS, Probation Officer that out of 168,260 convictions for that year 104,171. had been convicted at least once before, and" over 12,000 had been convicted more than 20 times each. This proves am(Writkn Specially for The Western Comrade.) ply tha:t sending men to prison does not protect society unANY writers have commented on phases on the "Proba- less every sentence shall be for life. Short terms in prison tion system," as it it were new, untried, of doubtful are absolute folly so far as the individual is ·concerned. They value and of questionable efficacy in the protection of do vastly more damage than .good. The criminaJ shortsociety from criminals, and. in the discouragement of crime.· termer, schooled in ·all the arts of vice, is turned loose without I think it can be shown that in California, outside of San supervision, and the bad results to others are much greater Francisco, in accordanct: with the population, there was less than the good done by "making an exampe of him." crime amounting to a felony, and excluding the "new-made" Suppose that every automobile driver that broke the least crimes, ending February 1st, than in the preceding year. traffic regulation was put in jail for at least a month- none Every session of congress and of the legislature adds new escaping. There wouldn't be so many infractions, but there crimes and misdemeanors to the already long list. To these would finally be a great many more criminals and the ultithe supervisors and city council add ordinances innumerable, mate effect of such punishments would be a fearful loweruntil no man is safe from prosecution and persecution. The ing of social conditions. best lawyers in the state do not know the laws. Every man Discharged convicts frequently say "The people put me in blunders along, liable to be picked up by some enemy, and a position to learn a trade and they must expect me to work publicly pilloried and disgraced, or perhaps summarily pun- ·at it." And they do until they are again caught. ished, and yet he may have injured, cheated, wronged or So far as the individual delinquent is concerned the defrauded nobody, knowingly and intentionally. probation system is, at the lowest, eighty per cent efji.cient. With the growing multiplicity of As an effective deterrent and a factor laws, it becomes a matter of necessity in the reduction of crime, time only that there be a sifting out of offenders will determine its val ue. As yet there is ENDING men to pnson does and a severe restraint of those who ·no general increase of crime attributknowingly, intentionally, and persistable to it. not protect society unless every ently commit injurious and~\so­ In England, when more than a hunsentence shall be for life. Short cial acts; and on the other hand a dred offenses were punishable by terms in prison are absolute folly lesser restraint of thost' who ignorahtdeath, there were more crimes of vioso far as the individual is conly, unintentionally, or under sudden lence than now. It isn't prisons, cerned. They do vastly more damstrain or passion, commit some senous sheriffs, policemen, prosecutors and courts that prevent crime. It is -the crime or misdemeanor. age than good. The criminal shortSince the memory of man judges free exercise of human rights, a fair termer, schooled in all the arts of have had the power of "suspending share of the world's production for evvice, is turned loose on society withery one, education-mental, moral sentence," or in other words withholdout supervision, and the bad results and physical- and the application of ing punishment. The offender was to others are much greater than the the golden rule. then free to go about as if no charges good done by "making an example" I am interested in my work because had been made against him . The essentially new thing about the probation of its great opportunities for helpfulof him. ness. The Probation officers reconsystem is that before the sentence is struct broken families, break up hopesuspended a careful investigation is made, and that after the suspension lessly vicious ones, find homes for unof sentence the guilty party is required to keep in touch fortunate children, restrain vicious ones, protec..t the weak with a certain officer of the cou rt in order to prove (probare) and helpless, secure for many children their educational rights, himself worthy of this lesser form of punishment. restore criminals to good citizenship, find jobs for the jobless As to the punishment of men placed on probation, let and homes for the homeless. I am interested in probation work, because I believe its net me say that their averag~ term in jail before suspension of sentence is about two months. That ought to be ample results will add richly to the sum total of human happiness. deterrent for most people and is as much of that · kind of The probation system is constantly educating people as to the punishment as will help any one to reform. The man on meaning of crime, its causes and prevention, and in doing probation has temporarily lost his citizenship, he is sub- this, is recording the results of much social experimentation. ject to arrest without warrant, cannot enter into any busi- In the records of the Fresno county courts are hundreds of ness, nor move about from place to place without consent documents which were prepared in the probation office, showof the court, and if he lives up to his instructions, lives a ing, more or less correctly, the causes of crime, delinquency more correct life than does the average man. and dependency. . I freely predict that the study of the causes of crime will In Fresno county the utmost care is taken to find whether or not a man is a repeater of serious crimes, a professional result in a new system of penology which will deal princriminal or has had a long criminal record and almost none cipally with causes. The probation and parole systems arc of these have been . placed on probation in the last wour also showing the possibilities of the control of delinquents outside of prison walls. The · time is not far distant when no Yfars. So far as known only seven per cent of the men placed one will be sentenced to prison except those physically on probation in the last four years have committed serioiJs dangerous. offenses while on probation, and nearly fifty per cent of the In olden times, the prison was principally a place of demen sent to state's prison commit serious offenses after they tention, pending trial and judgment. In England, at one time, are discharged. The Blue Book of England for 1912 states the death penalty was infliCted for one hundred fifty-six ofFresno County, California M S �The Wes ,t -e rn Comrade . fenses, one of which was catchi!lg rabbits. One by one the Many a time have I heard an old man of -this class "ton~ue­ punishments were lopped off, leaving the courts no alterna- lash" a younger man for · defending the .marriage relation. tive than imprisonmen . Now that we know that 'imprison- Such men know the futility .of the attempt to establish a prisonment is probably the cause of more crime than it pre- home on a laborer's wages. Few have the courage and pervents, it becomes our duty either to invent new, rational and sistence to save enough money to pay for the home before effective punishments, where punishment is desirable, or ascer- marriage and it becomes well-nigh impossible afterward. tain· the cause of crime and stop it attits source. For the purposes of this argument, soldiers and sailors may We find that much crime is merely the result of weakness be classed wi'th casual laborer. Their excesses and immoraland adverse conditions, rather than a vicious habit of min9. ities are almost proverbial. and therefore such delinquents need help, education and Low wages and unemployment then, are at the basis of training more than imprisonment. In cases of crimes against the "free relation" and the demand for the immoral women property, restitution from the earnings of the delinquems i"s ·among the common laborers. If society permits, they do not often a better corrective than the prison, and much more seek the respectable girl, the woman in the sheltered home, satisfactory to the injured party. Imprisonment for property but consort with the public woman. If the latter are not crimes usually results in complete moral bankruptcy. In the in evidence, with the advent of .an considerable number of last analysis, I do not hesitate to say that the crimes of society casual workers into a community, the procurer, the messenger against individuals are responsible for most of the crimes of boy, the taxicab driver, soon produce them, and the ranks .of the public woman are rapidly recruited from the unattached individuals against society. The greatest hope of our juvenile department in the proba- and homeless. The ordinary farm hand in California teaches tion office is the elimination of a large part of its work by his code to the son of the man he is working for. In idle other agencies, among them, the school, the church, the wei- . times he teaches the town boys. Seeing no hope for better fare commissions, domestic relations courts, and by legal things, they abandon themselves to illicit relations, defending enactments, such as the widow's pension, workman's com- themselves with a certain show of honor. pensation, health and employment insurance and shorter hours. The remedy is the assurance of steady employment and Such agencies should assume care a fair opportunity for home-building. and supervision of the neglected and Harris Weinstock is on the right road defective, leaving only the criminally in his advocacy of rural credits and EARLY fifty per cent of the inclined or weak-minded in charge of state land colonization. Homebuildthe probation officer. The probation ing for the ambitious, steady employmen sent to state's prison comofficer for juveniles should be more ment at fair wages and a square deal mit serious offenses after they are and more a special investigator and - this is the secret of social reform. discha rged. In England, when more advisor for the juvenile court judge, If I could have my way, every boy than a hundred offenses were punand possibly a referee or assistant would be taught a good trade, and ishable by death, there were more judge, and less and less an executive at twenty-one, if his work and couduct crimes of violence than now. It officer. had been good, he would be provided isn't prisons, sheriffs, policemen, In the future, the probation staff with a home which could not be taken prosecutors and courts that prevent will include a psychologist, skilled in away from him and which he could mental derangements, both men and crime. It is the free exercise of not dispose of. He might earn a betwomen medical and surgical specialhum-an rights, a fair share of the ter one and leave it to be occupied ists. This means -. ascertaining the by another young couple, but it could world's production, educationcause of every delinquency and a prenot be sold. mental, moral and physical---and vention of its repetition by correcting h1 Serbia every capable farmer the application of the Golden Rule. or removing the cause, where possiwas given twenty-three acres of land ble; and permanent supervision, where to be his as long as he used it. In impossible. · Bulgaria, every man gets seven acres As the probation officer for Fresno county, I am frequently as a birth-right, but he cannot sell it. For sixty years our asked"\Vhat is the cause of the inc~ease of the social evil government has tried to give every man a farm, but he and the consequently alarming increase of venereal disease?" does not build a home upon it. In my opinion there are many contributing factors such An attempt to place every man ·above want and the fear as lack of parental care,' more leisure, night life. lack of of starvation may seem like a costly experiment, but I believe wholesome pleasures and entertainment. But by far the most that the productive power of the nation would be so greatly important is the economic factor. increased that the additional cost would be as nothing. After existence is assured, the strongest impulse we have I place the cause of our social ills in their relative importleads to the happiness in the love-life. That impulse waits ance as follows: - unemployment, alcohol and drug habits, not on ethics, religion, politics or other inventions of civiliza- incompetence (heredity and neglected training), disease, comtion. All that can be done is to guide lt. mercialized vice. Underlying and intertwined are the political Love· is primarily a home and home-making product. Ex- policies of the land, taxation, finance, transportation, marketotic passion is the creator of the brothel, the rooming house, ing and public service. And behind all is the personality of the childless apartment house and the woman who imperson- the individual. ates the beloved wife and mother no matter what her nomIf unemployment, incompetence and disease are overcome, inlll station may be. the other questions will be solved. By far the greatest influence in producing laxness of sex morals in our modern society I believe to be the ·"code of Ct.-operation w•• born of f~ling that unmitigated competition io at honor" of the casual and migratory workers. They despise best but sO<'jal war. and though war has ill conqueots, its pomp., its one of their class, who. on uncertain work and more uncer- bards, ill proud a•oociationl and heroic memories, there io murder in its anJ humanity and genius were things to blush for if progress ea.ntain wages, entangles a woman by marriage and drags her n•arch. not be accomplished by some other means. What an encluring truce is and her children down with him to squalor, misery and prob- to war, co -operation is to the never-ceasing con8ict between capital and able dishonor and disgrace. lab.>r. It is the peace uf induslry.-G. J. Holyoake. N • • • �-The Page Twelve The Revolution In North Dakota Western Com-rade By"· G. reigan Written Specially For the Western Comrade. Those Copying Please Give ~redit. (This is the second of three articles by H. G. T eigan, telling the story of the Nonpartisan League of North Dakota.] T I f, I 1 \1 1 ··skullduggery" and many are still manifesting the same treacherous attitude toward the farmers and their organization. Needless to state, the checks were paid by the Pettibone bank · after Mr. Townly and the farmers "called:' on the cashier. - HE campaign of 1916 was really opened in the fall of 1915. ..A glance at the fi!es of the "Non-partisan Leader" will bear testimony to this fact. A cartoon on By the first of the year, 1916, the spirit of organization the first page of the fi'r st issue contained a challenge to the had been developed to a wonderful extent. The meetings politicians that their kind were no longer desired to act as had been largely instrumental in bringing the farmers together, officials for the people of North Dakota. and of course the Leader had been even more effective in The Leader had on its editoral staff at the beginning such this respect. The farmers were becoming class-conscious. able men as Charles Edward Russell, 0. M. Thomason and They were beginning to realize that bankers, grain speculators J. M. Baer, the cartoonist, who now represents the first dis- and owners of large industries have interests diametrically trict of North Dakota in the lower house of congress. Under opposed to those of the farmers, in the economic sphere. the inspiration of A. C. Townly, president of the league, the Conditions now warranted actual political action on the Leader staff proceeded to lay the foundation for a class- part of the farmers. Interest, sdidarity; understanding-all conscious organization. Not much was said at first about these had been sufficiently developed in the minds of the the program of the League, which had been endorsed by League members to enable them offering battle to the Old each member at the time of enrollment, but nearly every Guard. editorial, article and cartoon had for its guiding principle that On January 27th, President Townly issued the call for of developing class-solidarity and the spirit of organization precinct meetings. The call read as follows: in the members. The propaganda consisted mainly in showNOTICE . TO PRECINCT CONVENTIONS ing up the politicians and the interests that were misleading "You are hereby notified that on February 22nd. 1916, al · 2 p. m.• and preying upon the farmers. Several important articles the members of the Farmers Non-partisan Political league will hold a meeting in each voting precinct in North Dakota lo elect delegates were published on the Nanna administration showing where lo the Le IS alive and Stale conventions. the Governor and the Banking board had crushed several "Urge very member lo come. Here is where your work begins. baking institutions that had not acquiesced in the policies " atch the Leader for further notices. of the crowd in power. The administration was also attacked A. C. TOWNLY, President." on its unfair system in shouldering the greater part of the The politicians and the kept press were "up a tree," so to taxes on the farmer~ speak. They were hostile and yet, not being able to underHowever, it was not long until the program was taken up stand the League's strength, they did not know what to say. and discussed by Mr. Thomason. He wrote a series of articles Many of them figured that it would be unwise to launch forth dealing with the different planks of the program. But in- in too bitter attacks on the Organization as that might prove asmuch as no convention had been held to adopt, or more the more dangerous to them in the end. Several that had correctly, to outline a program, it was deemed advisable to been bitter in attacking the League when being organized, obtain some direct word from the people on this matter. Thus. · now "pulled in their horns." It was not until after the in the November 16th issue of the Leader, the members of precinct conventions that the real power of the farmers' the organization were invited to discuss through the columns movement was learned. The farmers attended these . conof the paper- this question-"What kind of laws do you want?" ventions in a spirit of religious fidelity. Newspaper reporters The letters received, and there were a great many of them, and politicians were excl~ded from the convention halls, and clearly indicated that the program as originally outlined was this, probably more than anything else, struck terror into the right in line with the demands of the farmers. There was hearts of these gentlemen. The precinct conventions were strong deinand for such measures as the exemption of farm followed by district legislative conventions, at which canimprovements from taxation; Stale ownership of terminal didates were endorsed for the _legislative assembly, and the elevators, flour mills, packing houses, and cold storage plants; district conventiom were followed by the State Convention rural credit banks, and State -hail insurance. at Fargo, March 29th. On December 9th a speaking campaign was inaugurated, Lynn J. Frazier, an actual farmer. living on his farm near which was continued up to the time of election in November, 1916. The first meeting was held at Pettibone, Kidder co_':!_nty. Hoople, in the northeastern part of the State, was nominated President Townly, A. E. Bowen, Mr. Townly's chief associate for Governor. He was 41 years of age, and a graduate of in t~e building of the Non-partisan League, and several other the State University. He was one of the most popular stuspeakers addressed this !Jieeting. It was, to say the least, dents that the institution had ever had. He was captain of a wonderful success. 'file hall was packed, and the interest the footba ll team, and ranked as one of the leaders in his manifested was remarkable. The reason that Pettibone was class. In his home community Mr. Frazier had held several selected as a starter was that one of the local banks had local offices ~and was,. at the time of his nomination for govturned down more than a hundred checks issued by farmers ernor, an official of several farmers' organizations. Needless of the vicinity for membership in the leage. The reason to say, he was not an office seeker, and if the farmers had given was this- "Bank won't pay on this paper.' The ostensi- not drafted him into service, he would never have become ble reason given by the cashier of the bank, when Mr. a candidate for governor or f~r any other State or national T ownly, in company with several local farmers, called on him, office. In this instance the office sought the man. To show the surprise with which he received the announcewas that the checks were not made out on the regular printed blanks furnished by ' the bank. The real reason', however, ment of his nomination. I want to relate his own story of was that the bank did not want to see the farmers organized the matter upon his arrival at Fargo, the day after the conPOLITICALLY. Many other banks were guilty of the same vention: 1 �The Western Page. Thirt~en . Comrade "I drove into town Wednesday, and they sent word to me that I was wanted at the .telephone. When I got to the 'phone, they told me that it was League headquarters at Fargo talking and asked me to come up here right away. I told them I couldn't come that night. because I had my overalls on and no suitable clothing with rrie. "I went back to- the farm and packed my grip and came up here and it was then I learned they wanted .me. to run for Governor and that the League delegates in their convention had nominated me," The politicians and newspapers were panic striken, Few of them knew anything of Mr. Frazier, and for that reason did not know how td proceed · t~ attack him. Tile papers harped mostly on the leadership of the Non-partisan League · and the way Frazier · had been nominated. They charged that he had been nominated by a convention, which was in violation of the spir~t of the primary election la~s.. They also maintained that Mr. Frazier had been forced upon the farmers by the "Socialist" leaders of the league. Of course, the charge was utterly absurd, as Socialists are not in the habit of forcing republicans upon the people (Mr. Frazier had always been a~ialed with the republican party.) .Yet it wo.uld be expec 'ng too much had the politicians in their desperation not sorted to such tactics. They had to have something to ra e about. Little cnttctsm was offered by the opposthon, on the candidates endorsed by the league.. In fact, the newspapers and politicians could not dig up anything that would in any way reflect upon the candidates, but, on the other hand, these tools of Big Business continued to assail the leaders and officers of the league. They were labeled "carpet baggers," "Social'i sts," "1. W. W.'s," "atheists," "free lovers," and given every designation that the exploiting class has ever given to the leaders of a working class revolt. Mr. Frazier's chief opponent for the republican nominatio:t was a brilliant young lawyer and pplitician, Usher L. Burdick of Williston. Mr. Burdick was a very popular man and would have had walk-a-way for the governorship had it not been for the existence of the Non-partisan league. He had been a candidate for the governorship in 1914, but was defeated by the machine-politician incumbent of the offic(!. L. B. Han na. At that time, practically all the n{!wspapers 111 the State supported Mr. Hanna. Burdick was thought by them to to be too much of a radical. He had held office as Speaker of the House of Representatives and Lieutenant Governor and was known · to be decidedly independent in his politicat views. These facts, however, made Mr. Burdick all the more formidable as a n opponent of Mr. Frazier.- He was considered progressive a nd a good. many of the league members had been favorably inclined toward his candidacy. He was defeated for the league endorse~ent mainly because of the fact that · he was a lawyer by profession, and wa; counted a politician. Besides, no one knew exactly where he stood on the measures demanded by the farm~rs. The reactionary elements of the State, which would not have supported Mr. Burdick, were now, however, compelled to rally to his support. These . reactionaries had fought him two years before and had heaped all kinds of abuse upon him at that time, but now they were compelled to accept him as the "lesser of two evils.'' If Burdick should be elected there was no organization back of him that would insure stability to his administration. Then, too, it was . held by the Old Guard politicians that if he could be used as a n instrument to defeat the organized .farmers' movement, ·it would be only a short time until they would be back in the saddle. On the other hand, if the league candidates should be victorious, there was no telling when, if ever, they would be turned out of office. Nearly all the self-styled progressives supported Mr. Burdick. There' were only a few seattered radicals like Professors Worst and Ladd of the Agricultural a College and Dr. : Gillette of the State University who came ou~ in open support of Frazier and the league ticket. In North Dakota the real· test is in the primary. There has been little chance for a Democrat or Socialist to be elected to any office of importance in the State, and any candidate who might be nominated by the republ\cans for office could feel reasonably certain that his fight was over after he received · the nomination. The primary i's held on the last Wednesday of june preceding a general election. In 1916, this carrie o·n june· 28th. Hence it was that all efforts · were put forth to defeat .the league candidates in the primary. It was generally felt, and even admitted by the politicians. that if- the league candidates should be successful on june 28th, there WO!Jid be no chance to defeat them in the general electi'o n. During the months of May and June a desp~rate fight was waged by the reactionary elements. In addition to the attacks on the League leaders, . one of the claims mad~ by the OJd Guard was that the league constituted, in the eyes of the law, . a partncrshiR. and that every member was financially responsible for any indebtedness . that might be incurred by .t he Organization. This charge was promptly nailed by the Leader, and the author of the charge, Dr. L. T. Guild, then editor of the Fargo Daily Courier News, was offered $1 000 to substantiate his · charge in court. Dr. Guild dropped the proposition like a hot cake. just before the primary, however, the organized Opposition sent out a circular to every voter in the State. It .was headed-"NORTH DAKOTA IS FACING A CRISIS." In this circular an attempt was made to show that the .election of the League candidates would mean the financial ruin of the people of the State. But the farmers cf North Dakota felt that there was little for them to worry about, even if such were the case. Ruin already · stared them in the face if conditions were to continue as they were, a ny length of time. Besides, the majority of the farm,ers felt that their own representatives would be less likely to cause their ruin than those representing the interests that had always preyed upon them. just before the primary, Mr. Frazier imd several state candidates made a tour of the State in a special train. Everywhere they were greeted with large audiences and this despite the fact that it rained almost continuously from the time the train left Fargo until it returned. Eveyrthing pointed to victory. On Tuesday evening, june 27, the last meeting was held at Fargo, and the · next day the election took place. Rains ·throughout the State cut down the vote somewhat and undoubtedly · operated to the disadvantage of the League . ticket. In spite of this, however, Mr. F razter received ·approximately 3000 majority over all his opponents combined. The vote for each candidate was as follows. Usher· L. Burdick, 23,362; j. H . Fraine (candidate for the ultrareactionaries), 9,780; Lynn j . Frazier, 39,246 ; George j. Smith (candidate of a few country newspapers owned by Smith), 2,981. · After the primary, the League carried on a regular educational campaign. There was no question as to the outcome in the general election. The S tate being normally republican by a two to one majority, the tremendous victory of the League in the primary made the election of its candidates · · a cinch. The only office for which there was any contest was -the . supreme court. There being no party designation permitted for election to this office, the· Old Guard saw a chance of electing at least one candidate. If one candidate could be elected, the court would still reinain under the control of Big Biz', as there were two hold-over members. If, however, (Continued on Page 26) \ �Page Fourteen The Western Co-mrade What Must"'We Do· To Make Socialism a Power? A Symposium of State Secretaries Written Specially For the Western Comrade. Those Copying Please Give Credit. A. L. SUGARMAN, State Secretary, Minnesota Socialist Party W ' become W HAT the ·Socialist· party should do is to become, not a HAT must the Socialist party do to a power in American politics? It must get ·out of politics, in the . greater power in American politics, but a POWER. ordinary sense of the word. A political campaign, in With our present programs, platforms, proclamations and my opinion, is merely a scheme by which we take a~antage propaganda, . we are as impotent as a: little yellow dog, baying of the interest the public shows in elections to pres nt the principles of socialism, under the guise of . being as hig ' ly ex- at the moon. These things represent noise of much the same cited over the prospect of sending men into public as are the character as blank cartridges, and while, like the small boy, we may please ourselves with delusions of childhood, it imold gangs. · Not that we do not wish to put our comrades into power. poses on no one else. Power! It is a "kingly word,'' as Jack London once reOf course this is desirable. But, in importance, this does not begin to compare with the propaganda value of a campaign. marked, but who, with all the lessons of the past twenty years of political striving, is fool enough to believe. that power will The vital thing is to get socialism before the people. For the reform will come in proportion to the rise in the ever come to the workers in quantity. sufficient to overthrow socialist vote. Bismarck hated social ism, and yet gave the the capitalist system and establish on its ruins the co-operative people of Germany a ll of the palliatives, in order to stem the commonwealth, solely through casting a ballot for the Socialist rising socialist movement. And so the American capitalist party? Our naivety is most pitiful. class will give the people a thousand EMIL HERMAN. Secretary Socialist remedial measures, just as fast as the Party of Washington ,. socialist vote justifies them . H[ Socialist party is organized to Consequently, it would appear to HAT must be done to make accomplish a certain definite purme that that the most needed advice the Socialist Party a POWER to the movement is that it should stick pose, to achieve the emancipation of in American politic:.? This is the to fundamentals. By so doin g, it will the working-class. To attain this end vital question that a number of the secure . for the people the little benefit it is necessary for the working-class to most prominent State Secretaries of derived from "immediate demands," become conscious of the power it may the American Socialist party atand at the same time will be building wield through political and industrial tempt to answer for the readers of up a great body of revolutionary prosolidarity. the Western Comrade. Why does letarians, who will ultim ately be preTo become the dominant power in the Socialist party stagnate while pared to take over the world in the American politics we must develop the Socialist movement spread~ name of labor. knowledge and efficiency sufficient to phenomenally? There must be be able to cope with, and over-come ~omething radically faulty with our W. H. HENRY, State Secretary ·all of the political machinery of the organization. This fault must be Indiana Socialist Party capitalist class. corrected. What are YOU doing The two important essentials, thereto solve this problem? HE uncompromising position of fore, are education and organization . the Sociali·st party should be the The latter will follow logically as a re. sult o.f the former. We must educate continued position, but we should try to reach the farmer in the future more than we have in to develop· knowledge; we must organize to make the knowlthe past. It .is in my opinion a rather unsettled time to do edge effective. other than plow right ahead with our work, as we are doing Our lecturers and. organize rs should all qualify as at the present time. Whe~r th~ war is over, the position the teachers of scientific Socialism-no others should be placed party will 'be in will give us a great advantage over all partie ~ . in the field. Even in the heat of political campaigns our main and then we should, I think, get together with cool heads purpose should be to teach Socialism to the workers and to and work Ol,lt the best there is in our party brains--to the organize them to make it a fact. end that Socialism in America may be able to reach and bring Locals should be encouraged to organize study-clubs for under its wings the great mass of humanity that rightly be- the study and discussion of Socialist fundamentals, current long to us, a nd in most cases if rightly and properly ap- political and industrial events of importance to labor, and the proached will be glad to become a part of our great party. principals of parliamentary practice. At this time we must plow right straight ahead, and by all In nominating candidates for office we should be careful means keep our organization together and build greater its that no one is nominated except he be qualified for the duties numbers till the light of reason again is able to enter the of the office he is to fill. minds of the peop!e. I think it would be most unwise for Socialist publications should, in alternate issues, devote at any of our comrades to think of any great changes, or at least one column to some phase of the science of Socialism least to even s'uggest any changes until sanity gets back on and the necessity for organized effort on the part of labor the job. Our cause is too sacred to the welfare of labor to through the Socialist party. allo\V anything to sway us from the path that leads to greater Dues for membership in the Socialist party should be inunity and comradeship of the Socialist forces of America. Let ·c reased by I 00 per cent so as to make it possible to put into us not be severed from our course by the distracting influences effect the program of education and organization as outlined of the war-fever. Let us ignore governmental tyranny, and above. exploit the possibilities now within our reach. To sum up then: In order for the Socialist party to be- W T I· FRED IRISH, State Secretary, Maine Socialist Party T �The West e rn Page Fifteen Comrade come a power in American politics we need more knowledge, differences of a logical development from the majority plait greater efficiency, better organization, and more money with obliged me to either support the action of the majority or which to prosecute the work of educating and organizing . the · leave the party. My personal view was then and is now that this division males the ~entral thing of the Socialist working class for its et;nancipation. party organization a question as to its attitude on the war, E. F. ATWOOD, State Secretary, South Dakota while the correct attitude, as I view it, would have been to E ARE confronted by three facts: 1st, war; 2nd, in- rally the working force -of. the nation to the support of the nation, but to insist that the war should be in reality a war vasion of constitutional rights; 3rd, increasing severity · for democracy and 't hat as means to that end, our organized of the struggle to live; with incidentally increasing fortunes energy be extended largely in seeing that the wealth of the to a horde of greedy and traitorous speculators. nation should pay the bill on no more favorable basis than that Our aim is to win the world from capitalism to Socialism. given to workers in fighting the nation's battles. . War is the topmost fruit on capitalism's tree. Opposition is As l view. things, the Socialist party's attitude would if sueuseless and even foolish; it is a waste of energy. The longer -cessful, divide the workers in two hostile camps and allow the it continues, a nd the more the speculators oppress the peo- · shirkers a free hand to loot the nation. For this reason, I pie, the more they drive them to seek a remedy. We have. the resigned as state secretary in june, left the party · and have only peaceful remedy offered. This is also a statement of joined the Social Democratic league, and am now working facts, not of principle! with others for an ailiance of all the real progressive groups With every constitutional right safe-guarded, we are still throughout the nation. of the servant class, ruled by the master class, for the rulership by capitalists is much greater than that . by the political C. B. LANE, Ex-Secretary, Socialist Party of Arizona state. F THE Socialist party is ever to become a ri>wer to be used The only rea l issue before us is the class struggle a nd the in the irtlterests of labor, it must maintain -a clear and disinculca tion of class consciousness. Take advantage of the situation and of the wrongs that tinct policy, and not lose its identity in the conglomeration of reform movements that is so atgrow from it to build up the Socialist tractive. My faith in the efficaCY. of party, not as opponents of war, not as appealing to the reason of the w~rk­ clamorers for rights, but as human LL OF the State Secretaries ing classes to vote themselves out of beings who understand and who a re who have contributed in this bondage has undergone some serious determi ned to capture and to use the shakings the last two years. We seem powers of gove rnment for the entire symposium unanimously agree that to be getting further along in a year people, and not for any class. there is something wrong with the by the exigencies of militarism than In South Dakota, on this idea. we Socialist party. Most of them difby a decade of agitation by socialists. have doubled our membership and fer with respect to the nature of Let us be less enthusiastic about again doubled that, in five months. this wrong a nd the method desired And. we will double it several more our program of imll)ediate demands. to correct it. Is this wrong a superThe people are at present taking a times. ficial one? Or is it one tha t relasting lesson in socialism, given them rollow the international : quires a reyolutionary overhauling by the experiences encountered in the .. In the event w a r should come no h vi th ' tanJing the efforts of the Socialists to preof our party tactics? Many say world-war. When capitalism has bled vent it. then it becomes the July of the So . itself white by war, the people will that the Socialist party does not cia list s to work for its speedy termina tio n, a utom atica lly accept socialism without represent the working class. Does anJ to use all the power at their command. it? the necessity of holding an election to utilizing. the political and economic crisis produced by the war. ·in an effort to aro use the demand it. The function of the Sodiscontent of the people so as to has ten the cialist .party then will be only to point a bolition o f the rule of the capitalist class." the way to democratic management. The weakest thing about the capitalist system is the small The greatest work before the party today is the encouragenumber in the master class. It is absolutely foolish to try to ment of co-operative enterprises so that the working classes impose our theories, while we a re the insignificant minority, may secure a n education in the management of industry. In upon the master class. They will not do as we could do it this manner, when the opportunity arises, socialists will be able · through some o·ther orga nization . Let the Socialist party use to lead the way in the actual work of socialization. every effort to get members, to educate them, and to end THOMAS W. WILLIAMS. State Secretary, capitalism by carrying elections, making laws and putting Socialist Party, California ca pitalists out of business, once for all, by inaugurating soHE Socialist party must abandon its program of negation. cialism. South Dakota dues last year averaged sorrie $50 per month . discard the swaddling clothes of party infancy and enter In 1917, May, $81.20 ; june, $143.20; july, $170.95; the world's conflict with a constructive program and a posiAugust, $331.60. Not because of programs, but because tive message. of the class struggle becoming better understood. Political mud-slinging has had its day. A "ferninst the government" policy in the United States is suicidal. The GEORGE C.. PORTER, Ex-State Secretary, people are the government. · Nebraska Socialist Party We should stand squarely on the declaration of rights WAS not in accord with the action of the majority at the St. enunciated in the Declaration of ledependence and · affirmaLouis convention or the approval of that report later by the tively proclaim the right of free speech, free press and peacemembership. The question appealed to me to be of such able assembly vouchsafed in the United States constitution. Dissipate prejudice and disarm opposition by contending fa r reaching importance as would not justify compromise on my part. For two months after the convention I remained for constitutional law. Force the enemy on the defensive. This extreme anti-war program and anti-draft agitation in the party thinking that possibly that course might be justified in view of my own position being known as it was. Local (Continued on Paae 19) W I A T I �~lllllllllllllllllllllllmliiRIIIIlllllllllll!lll-111111111111101111111111111!1!1111111111111111l1i111milfi!iUHiolo!III!I!I1!M:mnmmQIIIIml11llD111111!1111111111l11R11111nllll1111lll11ll!1111!nlli111111mlll!lnJmiDIUI1111RII111!1111li111!1111liliF.IUIIIIIDIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIRIII!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIillllll!lllllllll!lllllmlr.lllm11111111!1!111111!111111111hllll1111fimiDIIUUIIIlllli111111111'1 I ~ I Hotel building on the Colony at Louisiana. It is well built and comfortable and has eighteen rooms. Guests can be comfortably housed. ~ - i§ ~ II I II e; II Office building acquired by the ( There are six rooms in it and a go caR be handled in a businesslike t 1\noth.r of the warehouses purrhased with the Colony's Louisiana Plantation which can be used as a warehouse 01 lorn down and the luml>er used for building. I i § ~ E 1:1[ Ig ~ I 5 g "' I ! I II § §! I~ Llllll!UillllliiiiiJIIIIIIIilllll!lllliiJIIIIIDIIilllliii!IIIIWiiiiiiiiiUWIIIIII Smallest warehouse on the Louisiana Plantation. Note the railroad and the Tank switch in front. and waterworks in rear. Woodland scene on Colony lan general scenery is said to much 1 ·sylvania. Many thousands of dollar illfiiWIIII Uiliillllill'lllllillilllliiiiii!UIIMII!Iillliiiiiii!IIIIUUIIIllttllCimlllllllli!I:IHtKHUIIJIIIUiiillllllilhllllllllliiiiiiUIIIIIUIIIIIUIIIIIIIII!BJ!IIIIUIIIIIIN!UjHIUIII\IIllllllllllllliiJlJilliii!UilUUIUIUIIWJili!JUJUIIIIIIJJI11UIIIiUIUI!ItbDIIIUIIUWIIIIIIllliiiWIIllllllllll �Co Ion y store, wiih · posto!lice in connection. This will he operated ih a manner. similar to the one a: Llan.o, California. • Colony with the Louisiana Plantation. Business ood safe is already installed. manner tht're. Concrete driers which came with the Louisiana Plantation. Photo taken from interior of large warehouse. These dricn can be used for fruit and • lumber driers. d of· the Loui iana Plantation. The oesemble that of the woods of Penns worth of timber are on this property. One of the big warehoU$el purchased with Louisiana Plantation. It will save a vast amount of labor aod contains much lumber. �Page Eigbtedl The Western · Comrade Was Schmidt Guilty? [This is the seventh installment of Comrad~ Job Harrim..;,·, address in the trial of the Los Angeles dynamiting ca~.J of Los Angeles. Their political and industrial campaign was being conducted with energy and intelligence. Great numbers were being gathered to the unions and the political ~ETHER the eastern or the weste~n meth~ is correct, organizations. The power was appalling and the victory was IS not for me to say. I was mvolved m the · Los certain. You will remember that fifty thousand votes were Angeles movement; I know its character and the cast for the labor · movement. The slogan was Los Angeles methods pursued ; and I know that violence was not indulged first and Sacramento next. Every one knows that the powers in nor encouraged; but that we had made up our minds to of government were practically in their grasp and that such capture the powers of government by the ballot and to conduct movements are not violent but peaceable, not destructive but our fight to the end along such lines. To that end and along constructiv-e in their methods. The hope of the moveme1it those lines three hundred thousand dollars was spent. . was never stronger than in that day and the despair of the During the four years fight in the East only eighteen thou- enemy was never greater. The evidence showed that three sand dollars was spent in their campaign of violence, if the hundred thousand dollars was spent in that strike and in the evidence of the State is correct. A much cheaper campaign development of that great movement. That this money was than was that in Los Angeles. paid to those who are locked out and to the strikers in sums This eighteen thousand dollars according to the State's of seven dollars a week. With this small pittance the men evidence was paid to Ryan, Hockin, J. J. McNamara and bought the food, clothing and shelter for themselves and Webb with J. B. McNamara and McManigal in the field. We families and entered into the struggle, with a determination have no way to contradict this evidence. We have no money and enthusiasm to build up their unions. and capture the city, to bring witnesses from the East. The state has had accord- that had never been equalled in any labor struggle in Aming to our best information, over a hundred thousand dol- enca. Iars. This defendant has had only such amounts as his friends In the face of this fact the prosecution made a futile effort could raise. It has been a poverty trial from the beginning. to trace a thousand dollars from ). J. McNamara to 0. A. The prosecution has had all the money it wanted. The defense T veitmoe. It is true that a check for that amount was sent has not had one quarter as much as it absolutely needed. We by McNamara to 0. A. T veitmoe, but the check was endorsed therefore have no means to bring the evidence to contradict by Gilson, Mr. Tveitmoe's secretary, and deposited in the the testimony concerning the character of the eastern move- strike funds and forwarded with other money to Los Angeles ment. and accounted for in the disbursements to the strikers at Suppose, however, the eastern campaign was one of vi- seven dollars a week. This was the only remaining link with olence. Are each of you sure that you would not have acted which they endeavored to connect the western strike with the as the McNamaras did, had you been confronted with the eastern struggle. There was absolutely no foundation in fact same conditions? Was not that a war in fact? What is it for such a theory and it was explained so satisfactorily thar one will not do for his life? Was the life of the organization the prosecution did not again refer to it. Not only did the strike committee receive one thousand not at stake? Were the wages of the men not dependent upon the power of the organization? Suppose you were in dollars from McNamara's organization but it received similar such a fight and the comfort of your family and of thousands sums and oftimes much more from almost all the other interof other families were at stake, and a billion dollar company national unions in the country. This fact forces us to t.:te conwas making war upon you with .the determined purpose of ~usion that if the McNamaras were involved in the Time.; breaking your organization and forcing your wages do:wn. /~aster they did it on their own responsibility and entirely would you strike back? If so, how hard would you stnke, without the knowledge or consent of the strike committee who · and what would you strike with ? Whether you endorse their manage the Los Angeles strike. You men live in this community and so do I. I know what course or not o~e should at least be charitable when he meets With such cond1ttons. the policy of the struggle was, and I am proud of it. If Whatever ·may be your opinion of the eastern policy there tomorrow the same situation were present I would enter the can be but one opinion as to the policy in the Los Angeles struggle again. Never in my life have I seen such self sacstrike of 1910. rifice and such profound devotion to a cause as I saw in that There was one fact that stood out in bold relief and that terrible struggle. Those who work only for fees and who will fact was this. A four years' campaign in the East cost only not work unless the fees are forthcoming, cannot understand eighteen thousand dollars. A six months' campaign in Lo~ the capable men who go into a movement and devote their Angeles cost the vast sum of three hundred thousand dollars. lives to its interests for a meager consideration. I am not saying that the spirit of our friend from In the East there were a number of explosions destroying a vast amount of property. In the West there was no violence Indianapolis is vicious ; but I do say that he neither knows the whatever until one of the eastern men came, bringing his movement nor understands the spirit, the hearts or the minds munitions of war with him, and did the work, if the disaster of those involved in the struggle. He speaks of the three was caused by that means. The western movement was not hundred thousand dollars as though it were a tremendous connected with the eastern movement and was not familiar sum. He forgets that it fed thousands of men for many with its method. months and supported a tremendous campaign. He forgets There is not one word of evidence to show that the men that he has received five thousand dollars for only three in Los Angeles were connected with the eastern campaign, months work in this case. Mr. Noei- "I haven't got it yet.' ,: but all the facts show that their policies were altogether different. Mr. Harriman- "Well I hope you will never get it for you The labor movement had practically captured the city of certainly have not earned it. You see Mr. Noel, it depends San Francisco and had made up its mind to capture the city upon whose ox is being gored. The sum of money spent in W �The Western Comrad~ Paae N'meteen the Los Angeles strike was three hundred thousand dollars. The fight was started by the merchants and manufacturers. Only a few hundred dollars would have been necessary for a They locked the men out. They refused to confer. They campaign of violence. Is it not evident that the methods · said we have nothing to arbitrate. The fight is on. We ofpursued were peaceful and constructive? fered to put the negotiations in evidence, but the letters and It is true the reasons for the strike were the same. The proposed contracts were ruled out. I cannot therefore, state the interests out of which both struggles arose were the same. terms to you. I am not permitted to tell you how fair the They are the same in all strikes. In both cases the unions terms were . that the union men proposed. But I am perwere on one side and the Erectors association were on the mitted to read an ordinance fraught with the most villainous other. They locked the men out in the East and they locked consequences of any law that ever stained the -pages of our · · · them out here. They were fighting for higher wages there legal lore. and they were fighting for higher wages here. Wages and 'Upon the passage of. this ordinance the courts became hours define the . battle line in every labor struggle. instruments in their hands. The police power was -at their Mr. Noel refers to this fact with a sneer and asks what was command. The state law, the state militia, and standing army were all ready to enforce this little apparently insignificant gained. What was gained ? A complete victory was gained and it ordinance. With the powers of the city government in their was worth all it cost in pain and suffering. Before the strike hands, they confronted the union men, not only with their the union men worked ten hours a day for two dollars and own power, but also with the power of the city, the state and twenty five cents. Now they work nine houri a day for the nation. four dollars and fifty c-ents. That is what was gained. One Up_to the time the ordinance was passed, there had been hundred per cent raise in wages and one hour less work is no violence whatsoever. The men on the .picket. line were the victory that was won. Do you think it was not worth the urging the non-union men to quit work, or not to take their ftght? Ask the men who fou ght the fight. Ask their wives places, and to join the union. The success with which they and their children. They will tell you better than I what a were meeting is best told by the ordinance which I will now world of difference there is in such a raise in wages. Twelve read to you. This ordinance was so construed that any conversation bedollars a week would scarcely clothe and feed them, but twenty five dollars brings the comforts of life and with it the tween a union and a non-union man, within the city limits, even though two miles from the place of employment, was held to possibil ities of education, of culture and of refinement. I saw the terrible fight and though I was not one of the be in the vicinity of the shop and therefore a violation of the strikers. yet I feel that I was one of them, and if it were ordinance. I tried many of the cases and I know that this was necessary I would go through it again to gain as much. You the construction put upon the law. Immediately upon the passage of the law~ over four hunwill remember that the merchants and manufacturers were on one side with all their social, political, and economic in- dred men were arrested. The jails were full to overflowing. fl uence, while the unions, in the beginning stood practically I"Was Schmidt Guilty" began in the May issue. Back numben ten cents a copy. I alone. The merchants and manufacturers were in control of the city government. They controlled the city government and knew how to use the city courts to their advantage. This is no guess nor mere assertion. With these facts I (Continued from Page 15) am more familiar than is our friend from Indianapolis. Let me read to you an ordinance that was passed during that _strike ha10 borne its fruit. It has well-nigh throttled the entire party and you will see the cloven hoof and the fiendish purpose of actiVIty. It has brought the party nowhere except in jail, those by whom it was enacted. with a suppressed press, raided headquarters and outlawed Before this ordinance was passed it was argued night af- propaganda. The party is exactly where some of us preter night before the city council. The representatives of the dicted it would be when it adopted the St. Louis program. tabor organizations were on the one side and the attorney Most of the energy of the national office at the present time for the merchants and manufacturers, Earl Rogers, who also is taken up in disavowing the intent of the resolution on war acted for them before the grand jury, was on the other. and militarism. They were losing ground rapidly and the unions were as Cease to feed on misfortune or rejoice in unequal con-.. rapidly gaining. Every thing had been peaceable up to that flict with capitalistic in'lrigue. Become leaders in the world time, and the union men felt that their victory was certain. activities, not barking Nice dog. The notorious anti-picketing ordinance brought on the crisis. The ascendency of class ·is not the goal of Socialism. With it the courts and the police force of the city were con- "Abolition of class' must be its watchword. "Struggle for verted into an engine in favor of the merchants and the man- place and power" must give way before the slogan "abolition of privilege." ufacturen;. Cease to deal with effects ..and institute cause. Build the Night after night the argument proceeded but from the beginning the entire council sat in the balance on the side of new order and the old will pass away. the merchan ts and manufacturers. Every night, yes, every Given capitalism and the selective draft law is legitimate. minute spent in argument before them was absolutely wasted. Granted the profit system and war is justifiable. The ordinance was passed as an emergency ordinance. There The remedy for war is not anti-war, anti-government agiwas no emergency except to retrieve the losses of the mer- tation but the enactment of laws which will abolish the cause chants and ma nufacturrs. They knew what a failure meant. of war. The cure for the compulsory draft is not individual They knew well enough what it meant to pay four dollars resistance but the abolition of capitalism. Here in California we are trying to outline a propaganda and fifty cents a day for nine hours, instead of two dollars and twenty fi ve cents for ten hours work. They ~aw the along these lines. Cameron H. King of San Francisco has stream of wealth being diverted from their coffers to the drafted a proportional representation election law which pockets of the producers. There is no use of closing our eyes is now in the hands, of the printer. It will be in cirto this fact. This strike like all strikes arose over wages and culation shortly to place same on the ballot next year. hours. The conflict of interest was the cause of that class Under this measure groups will have representation in the war, as it i$ always the cause. (Continued on Page 28) Making Socialism a Power �Page Twenty The _, Western - T.he Story of A Night Comrade By Mary AileD Written Specially For the Weste.m Co~~rade. Those Copying Please Give Cred-it. ~IS IS the story of a memorable night, lived by Joan and . began to unload our camp supplies. "You can begin learn-' J ~eter and faithfully recorded next day in the diary of Joan. The feeling came over me a little while .pdore we reached our first camp. For weeks and weeks I had been dreaming of this trip with Peter, ~nd now with my dream come true the strangest, gauntest, lonesomest, sickest feeling came over me-l couldn't tell whether it was in my heart or my stomach!· It grew worse and worse. I thought the long, dark shadows · which were creeping up the side of the mountains might .have something to do with it, or the deep 'silence of the woods. Not a sound could be heard, except the murmur of the pine trees as they swayed softly back and forth, and the beat, beat, of our horses hoofs as they plodded up the trail. All day we had been winding up, up, from the valley into . the hills and the thick of madrone and live oak trees, then on until the trail was a lmost invisible on the carpet of pine needles. Peter had arranged the whole journey, our departure from San Fran cisco the day before, our night at Duos Rios ranch with Peter's old friends, our marriage in the early morning at the ranch ·house which now lay so far below us, and this our horseback trip into the heart of the San Hedrin mountains. How happy I had been! How lightly, how gladly I had left all behind to go with Peter! And now as we wound upward Peter said, " It's almost time to make camp." And the shadows tremendously long and the murmur of the pines -more audible, and the ai r took on the chilliness of a mountain evening, and then--something went wrong inside of me. My gladness fluttered out like a candle. _ The trail made a sharp turn and we were wrapped by the darkening shadow. "Here's a bully camping spot," Peter said. "This is far enough for one day's trip, little partner." I started to dismount and Peter reached up and pulled me from the horse and 'n~ld ine a moment before setting me on my feet. And in that moment my strange sensations took a perfectly definite turn. I knew exactly what was the matter with me. I hated Peter. I hated Peter! Yes, it was as bad as that. Not only did I no loriger love him- I HATED him! And here I was- trapped! Married! Alone! Right then I began planning a divorce. And my people are Episcopalians, too. So that shows to what a pass I had come. But I could not be divorced here. And in the meantime-Jl • Oh. why, why, had I ever married? And wiat was I to do? How could a girl's nature so change in a fe~hours? To love a man in the morning and hate him in the evening! There was only one answer. I was a poor, base, fickle excuse of a woman! All this flashed through my mind in the short space it took for Peter to lift me from the horse. Then he stooped '" Ieiss me. I squirmed from his grasp. Peter looked at me iri astonishment. '~Right, 0," he said slowly, and started to turn away. could not look up. My lips were beginning to quiver. Peter hesitated and I could feel him looking me through an? through. Finally he spoke iri a cheerful, · matter-of-fact . VOICe. '_'I'll get supper tonig}lt." He turned to the pack-horse and ing to cook in the morning." I had told him that I wanted to commence that part right away, as I am very inexperienced. There was · something so comforting and practical about Peter as he busied himself unsaddling the horses, whistling in the meantime, that I almost stopped hating him. The horses attended to, he began gathering together a pile oJ logs. It was · the first night I had ever spent in the open and I felt very awkward as I tried to be useful, but Peter said I would learn in a night or so. When he began to get supper the load came back and rested still more heavily on my heait. It was' quite dark now save for the glow of the logs in the great fire. While he was busy at one .end of the. fire placing the coffee pot in a bed of coals, I crept softly away. When I came back in my load was heavi~r still. For now it rested upon my conscience as well as my heart. What would Peter say when he found out? "Dinner is served, Madame," Peter ann_o unced flourishing · . a long spoon. I sat down cross-legged in the firelight, on one side of the box which served· as our table. I don't know what we had to eat. It did not impress itself upon my mind. . "Aren't you going to brag on the cook?" Peter said in an injured tone. "Everything's fine," I managed to say feebly. I saw his sharp eyes upon me and I choked down a bite of something·. After that I pretended to eat while all the time I slyly threw wpat food I could behind me. I suppose I used poor judgment, for the next thing Peter said was, "Are you sure you're masticating your food properly, Joan ? I know this air is bracing, but the fourth slice of bread in three minutes- really now- " Did he know? And was he poking fun at me? He looked very sober, but you can't always tell about Peter. Sometimes he calls me Miss Slow- no, Mrs. Slow. He had not tried to kiss me again, but he was very cheerful. He washed the dishes and I dried them. Then he started fo r the bundle of bedding to arrange it for the night. He was whistling when he __ started. The whistle stopped short for a few minutes. Then it started again, this time higher and a trifle louder. He came back to where I was sitting. I was as cold as ice. He sat down by me and took my hand. "Which one is intended for me, Joan?" he asked. I could not speak, just pointed. "Well, you've made them all wrong," he said. "Come, I'll show you. You should have put more blankets underneath, and in dividing them you have been too generous with me. I'm used to sleeping out." He rearranged the blankets. "There. That's better. Now let's sit by the campfire awhile." All my love came welling and surging back. It was most remarkable! I looked around at the trees, standing like guard beyond the flickering firelight and at the stars shining down with their beautiful friendly light and I wondered how I could have thought the forest lonely. For now it seemed as though it would wrap me in its very arms. Wildly, madly happy, and very contrite, I wanted to nestle close, close to Peter and tell him ail about it. : "Peter," it finally came out, "there's something feel I ought to tell you." "Yes?" he said. �' The. w~.t~rn Comrad~ Page Tw~nty-one "~mething strange and terrible happened_ to me this At first I could not rec~ll where I was. Then it came back evenmg. to me. that Peter and I were married. Yes, there was Peter "Yes?" he said again. roll_e~ up in his blankets sound asleep! How wonderful; ho~ ::For awhi1e I tho~ght I didn't love you!" dehc1ously wonderful, to have Peter sleeping so near me! That was queer. · Always it would be like this. I would wake to find Peter! "I-I-Peter, I thought I hated you!" But .I must sleep or I would not be rested for our trip "As bad as that?" 1 tomorrow! · Five days we were to be on our journey, camp"Yes. I have to t_ell it all. I made up my mind to get ing in a different· spot every night. I settled ·down in the a divorce!" blankets and closed my eyes. But there was a ·rock or ..So Soon?" littl~ lump of dirt.- or pine cone under my hip which kept "Yes. What could have been the matter with me?" · gettmg larger and larger. I turned over and was quite "An aggravated case of faminine psychology- p~rhaps, comfortable for about five minutes. · Then another lump found most often among Anglo-Sax.ons." · · sprang up li'ke a mushroom against my shoulder blade. I "What?' moved again only to find another lump. It was strange. The "We dont care what was the matter as long as you got ground with its thick covering of P.ine needles had looked so · soft the evening before. over it. See the picture in the fire, joan." After that our wedding evening was just as I had dreampt it. "It's an enchanted forest, ... I thought, drowsily, "and I have .When I had gone to bed, Peter came and tucked me· in and made my bed on some fairy's play-ground. She's getting . sat by me awhile longer. Finally he said good-night and revenge." tm ued to go. There was something very dreary looking about Then I became conscious of something else. The cold was his back. . creepi~g into my blankets. It was not an honest, gentlemanly, "Peter! "I called after him. He turned quickly. · cold; 1t was a sly, sneaking, thief of a chill that came crawling "Come close, Peter. I haven't hurt your feelings, have I?" out of the ground, stealing aro_und my body and into my bones. "Not a bit." I curled myself into a little ball, but it did not help. I "You must understand, Peter- you must see- it's this stretched out straight and that was worse. I quickly «urled way-" I was quite breathless, so I swallowed and started up again. He didn't know I was uncomfortable. I wished I knew more again . "You see, I've never been married before-and it goes kind of hard with a girl!" about husbands;' What were they like when wakened suddenly · "I see," he answered. "And I've never been married be- in the middle of the night? Of course, ordinarily Peter is the fore- and it goes kind of hard with a fellow! So we'll just kindest, best fellow in the world; but, after all that didn't do the best we can, and I'm pretty sure it will all come out prove everything! We had a dog once who was very good right." natured, but he would snap like anything if disturbed when 'Til--do- just- as- you- say, Peter" I whispered. "I love . sleeping! Not meaning of course that Peter would snap! I you that much." · shuddered and felt ashamed of my revolting comparison. But "Well, then, just be yourself. And don't worry. Now go it showed that I couldn't tell just what Peter might do before to sleep. You'll find the ground pretty hard first night out, he became thoroughly awake. I loved Peter-anything, anybut you'll get used to it." thing he might do now would not keep me from loving him. So once more we said good-night. But I would not waken him and tell him I was cold and I could barely see Peter lying in the flickering light of miserable. the fire. He was so still I thought he had gone right to Then a happy thought struck me. I would slide my bed sleep. Suddenly he gave a toss. closer to the fire. Perhaps the ground would not be so hard "Joan!" he called. and uneven there and I could get warm. "Yes, Peter! " I crept out of bed very cautiously and moved the blankets "I just wanted to say that of all the unnatural, abnprmal, so that my feet would be close to the big ·red log. Then I perverted, creatures on the face .of the· earth, there's nothing rolleq. the blankets about me once more. Yes, it was much more comfortable. It was just like having to equal a dear, sweet, innocent girl! I just wanted to say a hot water bottle against my feet. I dozed off. tha.t !" "Yes, Peter," I said meekly. I woke with a start. My feet were down-right hot! ''I'm going to bring up my daughters differently!" Gracious heaven! My blanket~ were on fire! I jumped up and managed to smother the flames by rolling "Yes, Peter," I said again. the top of the blankets over onto the burning edge. I moved After that he went right to sleep. But for a long time I would not go to sleep. I wanted to with the greatest care in spite of my excitement. My blankets live over the day and have waking dreams of the future. were rums. No.w: what should I do? Peter was selfish to lie there so Gradually I grew drowsy. The soft rustling and cracklings outside the magic circle of our fire, the fall of the embers comfortably while I was suffering! Well, maybe I could manage. I'm not very long, and from the burning logs, the murmur of the pine trees, the comfortable munch, munch of the horses, soothed and lulled there was a piece of blanket that seemed to be free from me into a state, half sleep, half a strange, waking ecstacy. burns. As I crept in and tried to wrap it around me, I hoped .The tree tops swaying so gently seemed to be whispering it wasn't smutty. But I had to risk that. There were worse friendly things, nice little secrets meant just for me. They things than a little smut! I crawled down to rpake it cover seemed to creep softly down close to me and whisper, whisper, my shoulders, and my feet stuck out. I crawled up a little as if they had something very special that they wanted me and my shoulders stuck out. .It was like the gaines I used to to know. But they could not make me understand. They play- sometimes my feet were "it," sometimes my head. tried and tried but their language was different from mine Wedding trips were frightful .things! I would never take and they could not make me under~tand. So they went sadly another! I was shivering by this time and intensely miserable. How away, and I woke to find myself whispering "Don't go! Please don't go!" before I realized it was only a fantasti<; warm and comfortable Pefer looked! He was selfish. He (Continued on Page 28) dream. �Page Twenty-two The Western Comrade Tlie Peo_ple's Council What It Is and What It Stands For! By Scott Nearing, Chairman. WHAT IT IS statement of the local or national issues upon which they HE People's Council movement is a lo al, national ~nd can agree. · The statement of common issues, when it is made, international federation of the forces that are workmg will provide a min_imum working program upon which the liberals and radicals can unite their forces, stand toge.ther for democracy and peace. It arose out of th~ crisis th?t and fight the issues to a successful conclusion. . came with the great war; it has played a leading part m Each of the organizaiions sending delegates to the. People's the establishment of the Russian Republic; it is active in · England and F ranee; it has gained a firm foothold i:n the coun<;il will, of course, carry on its own work in its own way, but ali will unite in working for the common minimum United States notwithstanding the efforts made by the forces program upon which all have a~reed. of reaction to destroy it. Its next move-organization. . For the immediate preThe People's Council is growing in spite of the immense sent, we propose four lines of activity,'· odds arrayed against it. The Council . was prevented by !he (a) We are circulating hundreds of thousands of the authorities in three states from holdmg a full convention "Referendum Peace Delegates Ba llot". Advise ~the national during the first week of September, 1917; neverth~less it office · how many of these ballots you can use to advantage completed an organization. The Council has been demed the · and we shall send them to you. use of the mails, except for first class matter; nevertheless (b) We have opened a Washington office and propose to its message is being scattered broadcast by zealous m~n ~nd assemble there, at the earliest possible moment, a strong workwomen in all parts of the country. Every mouthpiece of ing body from the organizations constituting the People's privilege, vested wrong and reaction has reviled and decouncil. nounced us; nevertheless the choicest spirits of the country (c) We must send a delegation or mission to Rusiia , are ioining our ranks. England and F ranee with instructions to establish co-operaThe movement is growing; growing rapidly; growing betive relations with the Workmen's and People's councils in cause it is getting the support of the leading liberal and radical those countries. elements of the country ; growing because it has a message (d) We must push the work of organizing local_ councils to deliver and a work to do for the people of America and of with the idea of having 1,000 local counc1ls estabhshed bethe world. fore the congressional election in November. 1918. If there is a local council in your town, join it. If there IT STANDS FOR WHAT is no local council, organize one. A letter to the Organizing Its object-political and industrial democracy. The Peo- Secretary, addressed to the national office will bring you sugple's council is one among many organizations that is work- gestions and literature. . . ing toward "equal opportunity for life, liberty and th_e p~r­ Beginning with first of the year, all local counCils 111 good suit of happiness, and therefore toward the extermmatlon standing will pay to the national office a pro rata yearly of special privilege by means of the public control of all assessment for the work of the national office. Until that public business, economic as well as political., . . democratic plan of finance is operative, the Peop!e's c~uncil Its purpose- united action. The People s cound differs needs ten thousand men and women who are sufficiently mterfrom many organizations that are working for the same ob- ested in its work to pay $1 down and pledge a dollar a month jects, in that its purpose is to secure united action am~ng for ten months. the champions of progress by providing a common mee_tmg If the fight which the People's council is making for democground for all of the liberal and radical forces in Amenc~n racy and peace is worth twenty five cents a week. e~ery reader life, and through our relations with similar m~vements m of the Western Comrade will send h1s name and h1s dollar to Russia, England, France and other foreign countnes, to make the national office, 138 West 13th street, New York City. common cause with the forward-looking people of the world. The forces of reaction are tied together in a world-wide organiz~tion. If the forces of progress are to win, they too must have the strength that comes only with united effort. Liberals and radicals differ in theory and differ in method. Ye say to us, 'tis we who feed the world : yet there are many things like the maintenance of free spe~ch Ye give us loud enjoining of our task; and a free press; making wealth pay for the war; free1_ng Ye scruple not the boon of boons to askthe land for the people; democratizing industry; and mamOur toil's allegiance to a flag unfurled. taining social and economic justice, upon which all liberals and radicals agree. It is the purpose of the People's council Hear then our cry, in righteous anger hurled to discover these points of agreement, and to unite the forces Upon the easeful ones who blink and bask behind a program that will ~ealize them in the life of the Within the halls of greed, who wear the mask community. Of truth, yet are as waiting adders curled : Its policy-a minimum program. The People's coun_cil How shall we serve if ye possess the land? will not be a partisan organization. It will aim to estabhsh a common meeting-place for the liberal and radical partisans How long shall we be herded like the kine of the country. The Council expects to have in .every comWith mete and bound an·d harsh dividing line? munity, a local People's council; in each state a state counWithout the soil, what use the willing hand? cil, and for the country, a national council, composed, respecIf then your words be aught but mouthings vain, tively, of the representations from all -of the liberal and radiRestore our rightful heritage again! cal forces in the community. The Council proposes that these delegates shall meet locally and nationally, and work out a -Richard Warner Borst. T The Challenge of the Tillers �The We ster n Comrade Page Twenty-three The Principles of Money I By Clinton Bancroft Written S,>ecially For the Western Comrad~ _ Those Copying Please Give Cref:lit. SSUING mediums of exchange is properly a government changes; but its commodity character, its intrmstc value, function. But as the full exercise of that function is es- forever prevents its becoming money. It is a circulating sential to the industrial welfare of a corltmunity, in so far barter, a current commodity, but not money. Its circulating, as the government fails to perform \t, the individuals of the representative ·value is forever mingled and confused with its community are frequently forced to resort to more or less ef- intrinsic value. It th~,~s becomes a · measure of value and a fective methods of performing it for themselves; and as the measure, that is false and vicious because no one can tell function is best performed socially, there is always manifested how. far its circulating value and how far its commodity value a tendency among individuals to associate themselves tog~ther is operating its meaurements. Measuring value is no proper for the purpose of performing it. Banking corporations, function of money ; that which it represents may do so, but stock exchanges, boards of trade, clearing houses, labor ex- money may not except in such representative capacity. changes, are all evidences of this tendency on the part of Money can only represent value, nothing more and nothing individuals to get together and handle in an associate way, less than that. This principle cuts out of the definition of and place the associate stamp of genuineness upon bills, money everything_that possesses· value in itself. notes, stocks, bonds, certificates and other representatives The second principle declares that the sole and only · of value issued by the individuaL But the result of such in- function of money is to identify the ownership of value. dividu al or associated effort at performing a government func- But in performing that function it follows ownership, and in tion can never equal the results of government effort. That following ownership it becomes a medium for exchanging is, other thin gs being equal, any representative of value which among men the ownership of values. This last, a result of the government has stampted as genui ne and approved must its function, has come to be popularly reg~rded as the funcalways exceed so stamped by private tion itself. There are critics who up· individuals or corporations, when all hold that popular error, and maintain purposes a re considered . But for very that the purpose of the function has HE SOLE and only function of many purposes that stamped by the been mistaken for the function itself; that the function of money is to serve latter may be as commercially useful money is to identify the ownerand valuable as that stamped by the as a medium of exchange, and that the ship of value. In performing that · purpose of that function is to identify government. function it follows ownership, and ownership. But as this article aims These principles are stated for the it becomes a medium for exchangonly at establishing the principle that purpose of emphasizing the fact that ing among men the ownership of the banks of the co-operative banking the purpose of money is to identify the ownership of value, it- matters nor commonwealth i~ establishing a new values. This last, a result of its whether they call its doing so the funcsystem of responsible banking and exfunction, has come to be popularly tion or the purpose of the function. change are only conforming to a comregarded as the function itself. The This second principle, that the primary mercial and industrial necessity that is banking system of the co-operative function of money is to identify the being forced upon them as it is upon commonwealth will be based purely ownership of values, and therefore beother industrial and commercial bodies comes a medi·um for exchanging those by the failure of the government to do oney j on the natural tendency of m_ values, directly depends upon and what it ought to do. They will issue to represent value. flows from the the first principle laid their media of. exchange protecting for down- that money is simply and the reasons given, that they ought not solely a representative of value; for to be compelled to exercise such a function a nd decla ring that their only purpose in doing if money simply represents value, then its natural purpose so is to supplement, so far as they can, the insuflicieni volume would seem to be to represent that value to some one and of government medium; and the methods they will adopt thus identi fy the owtiership of that value. Upon these two of supplementing the insufficient supply of government money principles the money of the future will .be based, and upon is again simply to do what the government ought, but has them the banking system of the co-operative commonwealth failed to do, namely.. to furnish the people opportunities for will be built so far as circumstances and conditions will permit. To establish the soundness of these principles it is only mediumizing the real values they may possess. To understand why the government should be the only necessary to trace the history of the birth and growth of issuer of money, it is necessary to understand the principles money. Let us look at that a moment. The ownership of value can be identi~ed in two ways upon which the money of the future will be based. These princiP.les are two in number and simple in statement. The only, by its legal, actual possession, or by the legal posses· first, is that money should be solely and only a representative sion of that which represents it. In ancient times the forof value, not a value itself. and therefore in no true sense mer method was practically the only method. Actual, law· a measure of value. It should represent only. It should stand ful possession was necessary to identify ownership. He who for, it should reflect, it should represent value, but it should wished to establish his legal ownership to things had to show possess none. If it possesses value in itself it is a commodity actual. legal possession. It was not a very satisfactory and the transaction in which it is used is a barter and not a method, for legal possession in those rude times was not alsale. If it possesses value it can not be money; it can never ways easy to hold nor easy to prove; but it was the only way be aught but a commodity, and its commercial use never . they knew and they had to conform to it. If men wished anything but barter. All the conventions and agreements to exchange with each other ownership of things of value, from Adam to the Millenium , and all the government stamps they could only do so by a witnessed exchange of actual of the world can never make money out of a commodity. possession. Whether these things were chattels or land made It may be called money, a nd it may be used to facilitate ex{Continued on Page 29) T I �Page Twenty-four Th-e Problems W .. • I e r n Co m r a d e By .Walter Thomas Mills A Game of Chance for the Chance to Live (Written Specially for Western Comrade.) . activity in -connection with the referendum measures to be T HAS been seen m the previous articles that only -by supported in the next election, and the organization of the the union of the trades--unionists, the co-operators, the new committee _work so that at the earliest possible moment farmers and the Socialists, is there ·a possibility of deliver- there may be nine people in the State each with a Ford car ance for the workers. dnd each giving his whole time and his best energies to It has also been seen that in this struggle for deliverance - the promotion of the particular economic interests of the as in the daily task of ma-king a living, the work of organiza- group which has elected him and which g~oup alone will tion and management is the great~st task of all. have the power to instruct or recall. The question this time is : How can effective organization The party now has two Ford machines, neither one of and management be secured in this struggle for deliverance? which is now in the party service. just recently the StalP. Federation of Labor, the coThe party has a membership of 2500. It has has a vote of operative societies and _the farmers' organizations of the State I00,000. There ought to be a party membership of I0.000 of California met in conference. The purpose of the con- straight away and of 25,000 before the next election . The ference was to consider what public measures all of these additional Ford machines and the additional workino force organizations could unite in supporting and to create a joint can at once make this party mean something in the ec~nomic body to undertake the furtherance of the measures agr~ed battles of the future. upon. There must be harmony of action with the newly-orga nized The conference was representative joint committee of the trades unions. of all these interests and the State the co-operative societies and the Federation of Labor interrupted its farmers' organizations. But the action lllllllllllllll!lllllllllll!llllllllr,llllllll!llllllll!llllllllllllllli:IIIIIIIIIJIIIJIIII:UIIIJIIIIII'II'IIIIIII!IIIJIIJ regular annual meeting to provide the must not be simply harmonious. It time and place for its proceedings. must be effective. A joint committee of twelve from What has all this to do with the THE Socialists of California each of these groups, that from the "Game of Chance for a Chance in have ceased to argue that they trades unioRs, the coo-perative socieLife?" ties and the farmers' unions. was apare the political repre~entatives of Heretofore in air the great movepointed. ments involving the opportunity to the working class and have created The committee will meet at an early have and to use the means of life. a form of state organization which day and adopt such ~easures as all these movements have all the time . 1 can agree to support ana 1t ts conbeen more or less games of chance. can be nothing else than a party of fidently believed that whatever meaThe grangers built a great farmers the workers and which will need no sures these three committees can agree movement. It was disrupted by polion will be instantly adopted and supresolutions_ to make it such. ticians who used their positions in lhe ported by the Socialists of California. ~tate to destroy very largely the efWith this union of interests there llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllll!lllllllllllllll ficiency of that organiz;ation in the can be but one outcome. The useful w:ork which it undertook at the beginpeople of California will take over the nmg. management of affairs in their own The Knights of Labor, with only behalf. a few years run , while at its height accomplished more At the same time this is going forward, it -should be noticed progressive things in behalf of labor than was ever accomthat the So~ialists of the Sta.t e have ceased to argue that plished before or since in so brief a period. they are the representatives in politics of the working clasi and But the clash of interests. not at all economic in thei r charhave created !l form of stale organization which can be acter and having no rational place in a labor organization, nothing else than a part of the workers and which will need tore that organization into shreds in the hour of its greatest no resolutions to make it such-. possibilities. The Populist party was primarily a farmers' movement. Now, each of the nine great industrial or occupational group in the State elected its own State organizer and these The Knights of labor, which had helped to create this party, organizers at once become the only State Committee. went on the rocks and the Bryan Democrat~ took over the The State Committee just going out of office was made farmer cause to serve it with a single measure entirely temup of most capable and devoted comrades, but I am told that porary in its benefits had it been victorious. But it went to none of them were members of any trade union or other defeat and to disaster. industrial or occupational organization. The Socialist Labor party commanded at one time the The printers, the transport workers, the farmers, the build- respect and the support of a very large and capable following trades, the office employees, the miners and the factory ing, but the struggle between factions-nei_ther one of which workers are all represented by those who are members of was representative of any great economic interest- made of their own trade organizations and the professional workers the party a lingering group of dogmatic converts serving anyand the house wives are represented by persons of long years thing but the definite, immediate interests of any body of of service in the occupations which they represent. workers. It may be that all this only fortells the probable outcome of The new committee of organizers is to meet soon and the most serious tasks before them are these two,-the party's (Continued on Page 29) I 0 0 �The Western Comrade Co-operation the World Over N o t e s A b o u t t h e C h i e f C o - o p e r a t i .v e s G l e a n e d f r o m M a n y S o u r c-e s The Socialist Exchange The Socialist Exchange was es tablished January 16. 1914 and is now finishing its third year. Its founders were all members of the Socialist party. The original idea in starting the o rganization was to establish a co-operative through which members could benefit both financially and in an educational way. Educationally. the institution has been an unqualified success. In order to become a member . of the Exchange. one must be a member of the Socialist party in good standing. A membership in the exchange costs $5.00. which amount is all that any one person may invest: There is no stock. no system of shares. no interest, no dividend and no wage. We are selling on a basis of ten per ceni. all money over and above expenses going back into the business. The store is open twice a week. on Wednesdays from seven to nine p. m.. and o n Saturdays from one to nine p. m. One manager and eight assistant-managers are regularly elec ted . Everybody must clerk. A schedule hangs in the store at all times which shows when and how lon g the respec tive members must work. We do all our business by credit cards. no cash bein1 handled. The goods come in denominations o f $1. $2. $3. $5 and $10. The cards are consec utively numbe red from one to so many thousands and each se ri es has a different color. There is always an assis tant manger at the desk who sell cards and who. debits the ca rds as the customers bring in their bills always in duplicate. The system gives us a simple record of everything we do. We h ave but one book for our bookkeeping. The fir st item is for the credit-cards sold during the day; the second item is the bills paid: the third item is the sales to the members. This gives us a complete record of each days work. When selling c redit cards. the name of the purchaser, the number of the card and the amount purchased go down in the book. Havin g to run a store in addition to the occupation of making a living is a rather strenuous job. Therefore, we had to simplify matters as much as possible. We sell groceries, dry goods, furniture, carpets, rugs . and jewelry. , In fa c t. we sell every thing except shoes and hats. We have connections wit h large wholesale houses. We also sell coal in carload lots direct to the consumer. Three to five householders combine. order a car, get teams, a nd unload the car. We have saved a good sum of money in that way. We also have a tailor shop in which we make suits and overcoa ts to ord er. All of our clothing has the union label. We sell our clothes to eve rybody and especially to those li ving in the rural districts. Our advertisement h as appeared in the American Sociali•• We are making the tailor clothes for the American Co-operative Associa tion, which is the busine.s department of the American Society of Equity, the big farmers on10n. I am now making arrangements with a large house to sell ready-made boys' and men's suits. In· th e fall "e buy potatoes in car lots and distribute them. We also sell ap1J~, and honey in Ja, ge quantities, thereh:y saving ourselves money. In our by-laws, we h ave a provision whereby members can deposit money in the store in any amounts they wish. They cannot, however, draw ou t .more than $5 a week unless they give the manager thirty days' notice . We also have a · provision that when a member dies, all the profits tha t .have accumulated through his purchases may be drawn out. By thdt I mean that if such purchases . amounted to $400. according to the last inventory which has been tak.n, tha t amount in. profits can be ta ken out. The same holds true if a member becomes sick or is out of "'crh. The .uana ger appo ints a comm ittee to investigate into all these condi tions, and if u.c committee reports favorably, then the member secures his share of the profits. In writing this, I do not wish to imply that our enterprise has been a bnlliant success from the very beginning. It has not. People have not yet Leen educated to the point where they can appreciate the co· operative system of doing business. At times we become disheartened . But our membership at the present writing is staunch and tried and will stick. Rememher. that only members may buy in our store. In other words, it is a closed shop. F. G. HACHENBERGER. Manager, Machinist Local, No. 478 Pic k f- Your Man age r It is a peculiar and significant fact that nearly all the co-operative stores that have failed within the vicinity of New York during the past three years were organized and managed by experienced busineu men. One of the most miserable failures was that of a store under the management of a high-priced professional buyer.-Co -operative League of America. Association a Power Association is the master word of modern days; it is the key to efficiency, power and tquality. Corporations are associations of capital for its profit; labor unions are associations for the profit of its members; co-operative associations are for the prof1t of all the people who choose to associate. · Co-operative asoociations fqr business economize cost, prevent sharp .practice, assure honest goods and weights. There is no private profit in. CO·OP.eartive business-therefore no temptation to be unscrupulous The people own · the bu!iness and, strangely enough, refuse to cheat themselves. The members elect theit directors and the latter employ the help to do the work as the stockholders and directors in a bank do. There is this difference, however: /he officers in a bank make all the money they can and pay it os dividends on the · stock; · the managers of a cooperative association sell as cheaply as possible, turri the profit to the customer, and give the >tockholder only .the interest. · When . co-operation becomes general, there will be no great private fortunes, no involuntary povuty, no international trade rivalry, and, therefore, no war. Co-operation will turn the economic ancl social intre.sts of the world into the channels of peace and good-will.-The Nelson Cooperative Association, New Orleans, Louisiana. Results Abroad Co-operation ha• paid in other countries. The movement began in England when twenty-eight poor weavers of Rochdale started a store of their own with a capital of $140. They found that by being their own merchants, selling to themselves and distributing profits among themselves, they could save money .w hich had formerly gone into others' pockets. Co-operation was proved practical, and its influence extended rapidly. To day there are more than 4000 co-operative societies in Great Britain alone, with 2,700,000 members. These with their families represent 8,000,000 persons. In 1912, these societies did a business of more than half a billion dollars, returning to members profits of $60,000,000 or more then ten per cent on their purchases.-New England Co-operative Society. The Co-operative League of America The Technical Advisory Board of the Co-operative League of America, Educational Building, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City, is composed of experts in every department of Consumers' Co-operation , and is representative of all parts of the country. A request to the office of the League will bring to individuals and societies the best obtainable advice in regard to particular problems . In the interest of Co-operation you are invited to uhlize thi s opportunity. BUY A SAMPLE AT YOUR NEWSSTAND ISSUES & EVENTS T .H E AMERICAN LIBERAL REVIEW "An Antidote for the Northdiffe Press" Published and Suppressed Speeches-Data-Articles and Events Editor: Frederick Franklin Schrader Associate Editor : Tobias Butler Send for a Trial Subscription Only with this advertisement $ .50 for three months $ 1.00 for six monhs $ 2.00 for one year 25 WEST BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY �Page Twenty-six The Western Comra 'd e • -News and Views In Ag~iculture K e r n e I s• o f S e e d Co r n T r u t h If you plant corn from stalks that have suckers, that is what you will raise. Like begets lik~. Select your cornseed from the stalk as it stands, so you will know its parentage. Short, thick, stormproof stalks· with ears that grow low are the right kind for the Central and Southern States: Get your seed from such stalks because slender, .top-heavy stands are likely to mean losses. The plan suggested is an advance toward producing beller horses. Count on the colt crop, but remember that good breeding, proper feed, and careful management are essentiaL- Bureau of Animal Husbandrr· The F!Jncti.on of the Far 'm · B~reau · A farm bureau is an organization of farmers and ranchers who combine to promote agricultur~ through co-operative study of farm conditions. Many types of farmers' organizations have long . been exi;tent. There Seed ears from the best-producing stalks in the field produce mo(e .than . have· been farmers' clubs, granges, institutes, unions, alliances, and others. seed ears apparently as gooi:l, but gathered without considering :the proSome of these have been more or less successful. but many have passed ductiveness of the parent stalk. The place to . selec t ·seed corn is ·in the away. Their failure has usually been due lo one or more of the follow field, not in the crib; the time to select it is as soon as. it is mature, ing causes: (I) lack of a distinct purpose to fill a definite need ; (2) not at husking time. lack of"!ember$hip to sufficiently represent all ·classes of fa rmers and types of farmmg ; (3) lack of t o-operation wilh other similar farm oruanizations · Take seed corn from the best-producing stalks as they stand thick ( 4) lack · o'f continuous and unselfish l~ade'~ship. " ' in the field. Such seed is more likely to meet competition success{ully The farm bureau is distinct _from all of these. It is not primarily a than seed · which comes -from a stalk which stood alone and did not social organization; neither is ii essentially to unite farmers so as to lower suffer from the crowding of its neighbors.- U. S. Dept. Agriculture. prices of stuffs bought and to raise prices of 'products sold. It is formed to bring together for mutual co-operation those farmers who want Pink Bollworm No t' tn Tex as to . investigate the fum;lamental problems that are in volved in production on their farms.- Universily of Califo rnia. The experts sta le tl-al reports that the pink boliworm has established itself iu Texas are erroneous. In the past few weeks there has been an unusual oulb"reak of the common bollworm of colton, an insect which The Need of Or ga nt zat ion in one stage assumes a reddish colo r. It is believed tha t the reports are due to the finding of the one which has been common in Texas fo r Lack of organization among farmers spells chaos, immediate loss to many years. the producer and ultimate loss to the consumer. The organized producers are gelling fair prices and the !Jnorganized are losing all the time .....:..Harris Weinstock, State Market Director of California. · ' -, j Save the Beeswax Owing to the unprecedented demand fo·r beeswax and the high prices A Poison for Sq uirrel s now offered, it will pay even the amateur with only a few colonies of bees to save and sell all the wax he may accumulate. A yea r or two ago Government formul~. Barley (clean grain) 16 quarts, slry~hnine wax was selling for about twe nty-six cents a pound. Now it is worth from (powdered- alkaloid) o~e ounce; Bicarbona te of soda (baking soda) one thirty-six to thirty-eight cents. and large quanlies are being exported, ounce, thin starch paste, Y4 pint; hea vy corn syrup, ~4 pint ; glycorine, especially to Russia. It \viii be well for the beekeeper lo keep all the tablespoonful, Saccarin, I / 10 ounce. wax obtained when uncapping combs for extracting honey, as this is wax of the best quality. Perhaps the easiest way of gelling wax out of the old combs is to put the combs into a meal bag, tie the mouth- firmly, and put the bag into a wash boiler on the stove. The 1-,oiler should be filled about three- · (Continued from Page 13) fourths full of water, and after boiling starts the sack should ' be kepi . moving by means of a large slick, possibly a clothes stick, considerable the League should capture the three places on the bench, all pressure being exerted, whic:. will help to work out .the wax. hope would be gone. . After several hours the boiler may be set oil the stove, and some bricks The Interests knew that the executive department was gone. used to keep the bag at the bollom of the boiler. Much of the wax but they also knew that the Legislative branch could not come . will rise to the Jop, and can be removed readily after it cools. Some_times it is skimmed off as fast as it rises. Of course much more wax entirely into the possession of the League. They knew that can be obtained .with a wax press. The average amateur is not prothere were 24 hold-over ·senators, 22 of whom could be ~ided with such an equipment, but can obtain a .v ery satisfactory press relied upori to thwa rt any attempt to legi'slate .for the farmers. for about six dollars. Extractors that use the heal of the sun lo melt Now, then , if the court could be retained, all would not be the combs cost about four dollars and a half. - All the wax that is . lo be marketed should first be melted up and lost. Hence a live eampaign was waged by the Old Guar-l molded into a cake in order to facilitate handling. The wax may be for the capture of at least one place on the bench. The easily shaped by being run into bread pans or any square cans. If care League, however, paid no · special aUen'tion to the court, as is taken most of the wax can be dipped out without carry ing much dirt..the primary had _give.n its candidates a considerable margin Counlry Gentleman. The Revolution in North Dakota Efficiency tn Breeding Two lines of profit are derived by the use of specially selected mares on farms, viz., in raising colts, and in doing farm work. To secure the maximum gains from this system, all the animals used for wo~k on the farm should be brood mares. Mares chosen for work and breeding must be well-bred, sound individuals of desirable conformation. It does not pay to raise scrub colts. Mares doing this double duty should receive extra care and management. The selection .of a stallion is highly important. A low service fee should not tempt if the stallion is inferior. There may be less interference with the farm work if the most mares foal in the faiL It is advantageous to produce a uniform lot of foals. Select breeding animals with this in view. Careful -choice _!>f matings creates greater ·possibilities for the offspring, but these possibilities are realized only when nourishing feed and regular attention are given the younllt animals. over those supported by opposition. In the election, the League candidates swept the field. Frazier defeated his democratic opponent by a vote of 87,000 to 2 I ,000 and the remainder of the League ticket won by similar majorities. The League candidates for the Supreme Court had majorities ranging from I 3,000 to 24,000. Eighty five out of 113 members to the lower house and 18 out of 25 senators chosen at .t he 1916 .election, were captured by the League. It was the most smashing defeat ever suffered by the Plunderbund at any time or at any place. - So f!lr as possible the victory of the farmers was complete. But, at that, it was only a tame affair compared to the victories that are in store for the farmers and wageworkers through the instrumentality of the Natio~al Non-partisan Lea~ue in 1918. . [The next and la•t article m this series will appear m the December Western Comrade.J �T'he Western Page Twenty-seven Comrade Reviews of Recent ·Readable Books "Why Italy Entered the War" Carnovale Luigi performs a weicome task his comprehen~ive volume, .. Why Italy entered into the Great War." Few . countries are so little understood in all ways by Americans a~ Italy. Mr. . Luigi gives the back-ground of Italian history from' the Roman days· ·to the present, stressing the events from the . middle ages to the rresent and sh9win_g how Aus tria has been 'the nat ural .e nemy of _the ltahan people through tl all He denies strenuo usly tha t Italy carefully studied the two sides of the situation and sided' with the group of warring nations ]ikely to profit ' her most. And he makes a strong and convincin-g case. The volume consists of 673 pages, the first half being in English and the second half an Italian vef'ion of the text. The author has also written several o ther books that have been widely reviewed, notably, .. Journalism of the Italian Emigrants in America." Seven reasons are assigned for Italy's entrance into the arena of war: · (I) Patriotism. " Thus the people, blinded by the astuteness and ~ru­ • talized by the perfidy of such parasitic hydras, could not see .the hght diffused by the apostles of truth (Mazzini and Garibaldi) . They could no t free themselves from the cancerous error, which is the abovenamed false patriotism the fundamental cause of all the cal~mi!!es, of all the sorrows. which today more than ever oppress humamty. (2) Irredentism. ..It was a question with Italians how to liberate thousands of their · consanguineous relations who were oppressed in their own homes (that is, on ground geographically, historically and morally Italian) by a stranger tyranny that the Italians themselves kne~ only too well... (3) Austrian sympathy with papal hopes for restorahon of temporal authority. ( 4) National coh~sion ~nd mi~itary efficiency. There was a desire to· refute the current opmton m foretgn countnes that Italy was lacking in both. (5) Fear of isolation by all the other powers, no matter how the conflict might terminate. (6) The right to travel- a . (7) Human reason assigned a big place in the American protests. solidarity. ..The Italian people, on account of one of the natural laws which psychologically distinguish the human races from one another, have implanted in them two ,sentiments: a sentiment of sympathy for thl' weak. and a sentiment of indignation against the strong who tyranmze over the weak." Luigi's attachments to Italy do not blind him to. underlying causes of the war. He merely realizes what we have practtcally aU been forced to recognize, that there are more elements than one shapmg the complex affairs of human destiny. Says Luigi: . . .. ..The life of a nation, nowadays, notwithstandmg tis complexthes, d epends in great part on essentially industrial bases constructed by the people, not for their own advantage, but for the_ advan tage o_f a btg bellied and cruel minority called plutocracy, whtch has nothmg else in common with the people except their simple Darwinian origin. ..Such .,ational industrialism, is able to maintain itself and prosperalways to the benefit of the big-bellied and cruel mi?ority called plut~cracy must necessarily p ush itself into commerctal _compehlton agamst · the md~s­ trialism of another na tion, or na tions, and vice versa. But commerc.. al competition·, in order to give financial results proportio~ate to the Insatiable greed of the nationalist plutocracy, must be mcessantly and s trenuously favored and defended by the State. . "And why shouldn't it, if the State government of today, be tt ~overed by· a mask surrounded by a royal crown or by a r_epubltcan cap•. ts n~ne other than a being voluntarily placed at the servtces of the btg-bellted and cruel minority called plutocracy L ..'1' ... :"... :"...." ...." ...." . ... And the war which today rages in Europe is one provoked for no oth~r reason th~n that of jealousy of the German plutocracy for the Engltsh commerctal supremacy of the world. · The other causes were all of secondary tmportance.' ' There is much more in this strain. But you must not think the book contains nothing ffiore. It is a comprehensive slalemenl of lhe subject of Italy's connection with the Great War. (Italian-American Publishing Company, Chicago.) "Little Stories of the Screen" The movies present life in sharp outline--quick, snappy and . . comprehensive surveys in the minimum of space. One would not thmk of iooking to the scenarios themselves for literature.. . Yet such a vol~me has been printed, and it is as interesting reading as the screen .producltons were interesting to look upon. · This is William Addison Lathrop's "Little Stories · from the Screen." Twenty-five of the author's scenarios are here reproduced, exactly as they were submitted to the studio. They cover a wide range of subjects and practically all will be familiar to the average movie fan. I can see where they would be of value as models to scenarios writers. But By D. Bobap _a ' their greatest function will be entertainment. J. Stuart Black ton, one of the elite of the producing world, says "Mr. Lathrop writes the most alluring SYI'opses of -anyone I know." Pictures from the movies illustrate each story. There is a snap and swing in ·each tale-::-for there is no plac~ for ·anything but action. Tht:oo author disclaims any literary intr.nt, yet ·his makeup is such that he cannot restrain ·fro.m a · delightful· literary quality in even what ordinarily supposed to be as bald . as a movie synopsis. ·T hose presented were accepted by various film. companies and produced in one to five reels. · The 'best known actors and actresses and directors figured in · their making.-(Britton & Company. New York.) "The Red Badge. of Courage" A beautiful red lea!her editif:)n of Stephen Crane's masterpiece, ·"The Red Badge of Courage," has just been printed. I suppose it is the military spirit of the rulers that prompt a reprinting in such attractive from of this wonderfully told " Episode of the. American Civil War." In some the story will foster the spirit of patriotism and atavism. But they are unthinking, indeed, who thus respond to the touch of Mr. Crane's epic. · For the thinker the story carries another m~ssage--:the horror of war. StJ'phen Crane gave one · of the mos-t vivid "close-up" portraits ever painted of a battle field and its surroundings. Not that thii picture drips with blood. Its horror is of a deeper nature. Few stories have so powerfully presented a 'psychological study of a human being • The youth enlisted in a burst of ambition, only to be disillusioned in the long, tedious days of ·camp life. Then came the first battle. The day just preceding the action found· the youth 'harrowed with fear that he would . be a coward. In his first battle · he did run from the firing line, but in the mixing up of regiments his act never became known. How he subsequently learned the deeper meaning of the army is told step by step. The searching of the soul is deep and thorough. This classic of Mr. Crane's imagination is beautifully descriptive, dynamic in action and intense in the depicting of the passions of ait o rdinary mortal. The new edition .contains a portrait of the author ana an introduction by Arthur Guy Empey, author of "Over the Top,'' whose experiences in the European war. He says, " 'The Red Badge of Courage' is not a story of war. It is War, the real, unvarnished thing." And again "To the civilian who has never smelled powder, and who wants to know what it feels like to have the bullets 'cracking' around him and the shells moaning overhead and tearing up the landscape, 'The Red Badge of Courage' will take him safely thr0 ugh the battle, and when he reaches 'The End' he also is a veteran." He who understands war will hate war. As a masterpiece of literature and as a classic indictment of the brutality of war, Mr. Crane's book is worthy of this greater hearing the new · edition will give to it-(D. Appleton & Company, New York.) With Our Editor Friends Frank Harris puts across a great bit of journalism in the October Pearson's Magazine, in his "Open· Letter to the President." He commenils the president for many of his acts· and points out his opportunity to lead the world to peace and democracy if he will. "Lay the foundations of a real •epublic, Sir: turn a· sordid capitalistic despotism into a great industrial democr,acy and your name will stand in the future above those even of Washinglon and Lincoln side by side with the sacred names of Gutama Buddha and jesuo the Christ." Harry W. Laidler tells of the co-operative movement of Britain. There are also " Arizona's Tea Party, .. by Harold Callender; Bernard Shaw on ..The Golden West ;" Michael Monahan ·on "Ti)e Great White Way;" H. P. Richardson on "Ingersoll and the Chicago Anarchists:" Charles Peter. in Devastated Europe," by Maure Martin; and many other interesting features, including comment on men, books and current affairs by Frank Harris. G. B. Shaw says: · "That sort of thing is always going on in America. What is the use of writing at the angry ape? If he won't listen to Shakespear~: he won't listen to me. I have no illusions about the Golden West; prob!. ably, however, it only seems the worst place in the world politically and juridically because there is less hushing up; that is, less solidarity among the governing class than in England or Russia. " I have tried without success to get nomipated to · the Jrish convl!ntion. I am delegaiea to the Allied Socialist conference in London itext week, and to Stockholm;· but I cannot see what Socialism has to do· with the War: War is not a· Socialist. game; and it is one at Wliich. lhe loser muat pay. (Continued on Page 29) �Pag< T wonly-eight. The \Vestorn Comrade Making Socialism a Power most two to one. This section of the constitution was aimed at the anarchists and syndicalists in the Socialist party who (Continued hom Pag< 19) looked upon the party for a time as a convenient buffer for the "situations that the I. W. W. would create · for it." It legislative bodies of the state in proportion to their strength. was hoped that this section would drive these Bolshevikis out With the assistance of J . H. Ryckman of Los Angeles we of the movement, but they were back at the St. Louis conhave drafted a public ownership measure .nd a social insurvention and· under the guise of the so-called Socialist Propaance bill which, if placed on the ballot, will focus the atganada league they repealed the famous "section 6" and in tention of America to California. their "Majority report"· committed the Socialist party to the The public ownership measure provides that the "state or anarchist program. political subdivision thereof may engage in any occupation When one reads paragraph {I) of the program of the or business for public purposes. and contract necessary debts "majority report" with its anarchistic phrasing, and then therefor authorized by the people for certain purposes thinks' of the repeal of article 2, section 6, of the national definitely stated and secured by bonds upon such utility or constitution, one doubts whether the Socialist party will ever enterprise; requires provision be made for levying annual "become a greater power in American politics." One contax upon value of land irrespective of improvements and not jectures, rather, that the Socialist party .will finally become a> otherwise, to pay interest semi-annually and principle within insignificant as the Socialist Labor party. time determined by people, and a ppropriates proceeds thereof The Socialist press is endangering its existence by its u nto such payment until debt is fully paid ; declares provisions • deniable and ultimate treason to the American cause. The thereof not con trol led or limited by other constitutional pro- Socialist party since the St. Louis convention has been vtston." careering around the political field precisely as if it had no The social insurance bili establishes "social insuran.ce sense. system supported solely by taxing land, irrespective of If the Socialist party desires to become a great power in improvements. administered by five commissioners each paid the land it must first repudiate the work -o f ·the last national five thousand dollars annually. for health, welfare, support Socialist convention. and then take the position assumed by during illness, disability, old age and disemployment of per- the London convention of the various Socialist parties of the sons and their d ependents, citizens of California, having in- allied nations. It must shake off the incubus of alien control. sufficient incomes to li ve in reasonable comfort; declares The foreign language federations must be forced to resume minimum weekly standard thereof ten dolla rs plus three dol- their proper subordinate place. Americans should. a nd must, lars for each dependent (non-dependents sixty years old. control the party policy. The party must Americanize itself or unable to earn same. to receive sufficient hum fund to and instead of antagonizing America, it must seek to intermake their income eq ua l thereto); relieves this section of all pret the spirit of America in language America can understand. It must stand behind the government in this war. It constitutional restrictions." I am sure this program will appeal to the A.nerican spirit. must free itself from the suspicion of pro-Germanism. If it will do all these things it has a chance; otherwise, though VICTOR j. McCONE. Socialism is in the a scendan t, the Socialist party is doomed to extmction. Sta le Secretary Socialist P a rty of Oregon T HE Socialist party m.1y become a great power in American . politics if . it will divorce itself ~-rom alien influj1ce: if it wtll come out m the open and say; We are here 111 menca; let us be Americans and stand by the nation arm d in a just cause. But it is doubtful if it will ever do that. The party machinery is under the control of the foreign language federations, none of which are moved by . purely American considerations. Of them all. the most active and pernicious, is the German federation which resorted to regular machine politics to secure the election of Adolph Germer as national secretary. Our war program, namely the so-called "majority report" is the thing that sticks in the crop of so many Socialists. It is so unmistakably comforting to the enemy. It repudiates that necessary loyalty to one's country that must always be a n introduction to any critiscism one has to offer. It is a slap in the face administered by the Socialist party to the people of the United States, and the people of the United States are backing the war. Let no one forget that fact! This is already a popular war, ar.d will be more so as time goes on. When the casuality lists are published, the effect will be to make the war even more popular, for the fallen heroes will be the people's own, and woe to those in that hour who shall raise their voices in opposition to the national will and endeavor! We are informed in the July issue of the National Socialist party bulletin that article 2, R:ction 6, of the national conatitution has been repealed by referendum by a vote of al- The Story of a Night (Continued from Page 21) would be sorry if he knew I was unha ppy. Oh, if only I knew some.thing of the customs and habit~ of husbands ! The tears were beginning to come . Frozen and distracted. my feet started towards Peter. I did not. It was my feel. They took me to where he lay. I leaned close and studied his face in the firelight. I had never seen him asleep before. Now that his brown eyes with their twinkling lights were closed, his face looked much older and a little sad. But perhaps it was the flickering shadow of the fire. I could not be afraid of Peter when he looked like that. I touched his face softly. "Peter!" He reached up, not yet half awake, a nd caught my hand. "Joan! Oh Joan! You wan ted to come! You wanted to !" I had to tell him the truth. He would find out in the mornmg anyway. "My bed burnt up." "What!" "M-m-y bed b-burnt up. I m-moved it and it g-g-got burnt up." eqPeter fully awake now, sat up; and reached for his little electric 5earch light. "Burpt up? Are You burned ?" He turned the light upon me. "N-no. Just e-c-oid." �The Western Page T w~nty-nine Comrade Peter extinguished the light and I heard a suspicious sound. "It isn't f-funny," I said. (Continued from Page 23) "Her bed got burnt up! Her bed got- No, of course it isn't funny! Did her bed get burned, poor Httle .dear, and are her footsums cold? Well, come! Peter will warm you." no difference. Convenic:nt · or inconvenient, the exchange of Gently, comfortingly, he pulled me beneath the shel.ter 'ownership had to be made by the actual transfer of the posof the warm covering. I lay breathlessly still· while the tears session - of the thing itself. If "A" wished to exchange his 1 dried on my 'face. land :for .the land of "8", "A" must in the presence of" wit"At last my opportunity has come," Peter said. · Oh me! nesses bpng "B" on his land and taking up a ·handful of ·earth Once I caught a mouse in the · granary and when I took it or breaking some twigs from the trees .give them into the in my hands. it lay stark and stiff with fear. I thought of hands of "B" and by a formula of words declare the latter it now. to be the possessor of the land; and "B" must go through the He held me close. "There's no wing sprouting . on . this . same. ceremony with "A." Chattel likewise had to be trans- . shoulder blade-arid none on this. Well I'm relieved. I've ferred by giving actual possession in the open market ·or be~ always been afraid of it. We don't want any angels in the fore WJ'tnesses. family. Now go to sleep. or I'll spank you!" ~ My arm reached softly round his neck. "Peter," I whispered, "I-love-you-so. I wish I'd come sooner. Why didn't you make me?" (Continued from Page 24) "I don't want a slave," he said stubbornly. We lay without speaking a long time. Finally I began -the Socialist party. . to drowse. Anyway it is agreed that iri all these efforts the workers "Peter! How fast you're heart is beating!" have never had· more than a chance and in the end a losing "Yes, my precious." chance at that? "Peter- it was funny-about-the-fire-and- and everyChances ~hich cannot be avoided ·mqst be faced and the thing- " consequences bravely endured. Frost and flood and panic "You're sure" he asked cautiously. in the elements and among men all bring chances when the "Yes. Laugh if you want to." best that one can do is to take his chance and take with And he did. He sat up and laughed; and he lay down fortitude whatever the chance may bring. and laughed; and he hugged me and laughed. But the rational scheme of progress is one which avoids "Oh! Joan! You darling There's a big daub of smut on all needless thance. The opportunity to earn and to have your nose! I saw it by the search light! You blessed little a rational means of living a rational life must cease "to be idiot! " a game of chance and instead become a definite p1ogram of "I don't care. It's probably on yours by now." service and reward. He laughed harder than ever. "What a night! We'll never To accomplish this means that the organizations an.d man· forget it!" agement must be so related to the common good that it He sudsided into soft chuckles. cannot serve itself except it serve the common good. "All the same, Joan- " The Socialist has taken the first needful step in the creation "H-m-m?'• of such an orgapization and is providing for such a man"God Bless that fire!" agement by directly relating each organizer and committeeman to some industrial occupation whose interests he must (Continued from Page 27) serve effectively or he cannot remain in his place of service. ------- The trades unions, co-operators and farmers have taken a step by creating a joint body for State-wide action 1f there be a looer he will have to pawn his shirt. Only a draw can composed of t.hose who are of their own. rank and whose make the sort of pious peace that the Russians are dreaming of possible. So personal interests cannot come into conflict with the interests we must await the events:· of -~thers committed to their care. • • • The Principles of Money Current . Problems Book Reviews ----~ One .doesn't orinarily review a catalogue; but when_ it is Alfred A Knopfs announcement booklet it is a. work of art in_ ttself and worthy of ,mention. His fall announcement ltst should fall mto the hands of all book lovers. Send for it- 220 Wesl 42 Street, New York. Mr. Knopf publishes books for one 'reason we all work f~>r-to live. But that ends the financial part of the game. He wants to ltve--has to and does. But above all he wants lo produce the best there is in literature and does. I could fall upon the neck of Mr. Knopf and congratulate his aesthetic sense. He says " I love books physically and I want to make them beautifuL" A poor book is better than none if it is imponible to have lovely books, but the true lover of books wants them to be beautifuL That is one reason I like Mr. Knopf • publications so wella worthy classic in a worthy cover. And he has experimented - until he can produce beautiful books as cheaply as the less lovely variety. His fall book list includes a new American novel, "The Three Black Pennys," by Joseph Hergesheimer; three Spanish translation1- Pio Baroja's "The City of the Discreet," V. Blasco lbanex's "The Cabin" and Alberto BlestGana's "Marlin Rivas" : "God and Mr. Wello," by William Archer; "The Art Theater,- by Sheldon Cheney : "A Book of Prefaces" by H. L Mencken; "A Otaste Man," a novel by Louis Wilkinson; "The Dead Have Never Died," by Edward C. Randall ; "Interpreters and Interpretations," by Carl Van Vechten; "Luotra" by Ezra Pound; and several other equally noteworthy 'books. If Mr. Knopf's Russian hound imprint 11 011 anr book, rou need not WOIT)' as to the worth of ita contenta. STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, CIRCULATION, F.TC., REQUIRED BY ACT OF CONGRESS OF AUGUST 24, 1912, OF WESTERN COMRADE PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT LLANO. CALIFORNIA. FOR OCTOBER I, 1917. The names and addreues of the publisher, editor, managing editor and business manager are : Publisher, Job Harriman, Uano, California. Editor, Job Harriman, Uano, California. Managing Edftor, Job Harriman, Uano, California. Busineu manager, Ernest S. Wooster, Uano, California. The owners are, Job Harriman, Llano, Califomia. The known bondholders, mortgages, and other security holders owning or holding one per cenl or more of total amount of bonds, morgages, or other securities are: None. (Signed) ERNEST S. WOOSTER Sworn to and oubscribed before me this 29th day of September, · 1917. . .F. H. OIAMBERLAIN N<;>tary in and for the County of Loo Angeles, itate of California. (My Comminion expires Mar 19, 1920.) �The Page Thirty In theWestern Comrade for December "SPIRITISM AND SOCIALISM" Lincoln Phifer, Editor of The New World, contributes a special · article to the WESTERN COMRADE in which he discusses the subject of spirit manifestation and its relation to the liberal movements of our time. "CRIME-THE PROBATION SYS;" · H. A. S~ssions, fo~ 10 year.• Probati Ollic~r of Fr.esno County, Cahfomta, contnbutes hiS · sec specral arhcle to . the WESTERN COMRADE on the que~tion of dealing with juvenile crime. Sessions analyzes the causes of delinquency and prescribes .a remedy. "JESUS AND WAR" Robert Whitaker, Socialist divine and veteran in the Socialist Movement for a decade, entertains and edifies WESTERN COMRADE readers with a specially written article on the relation existing between Christianity and the current conceptions of nationalism and patriotism. "CO-OPERATIVE EDUCATION" A. A. George, Vice-President of the People's College, Fort Scott, Kansas, in this speciaily written article, points out the necessity of the workers of the world co-operating to educate themselves. Western Comrade -"The Truth About The Medical Profession" By: John A. Bevan, M.D. Columbia University (Inventor of the <Esophagoscope) Price Fifty Cents Paper Bound, Postpaid The result of Clinical and pathological researches at Guy's Hospital. London, and the Bellevue Hos~ pita!. New York. BENEDICT LUST, N. D.• D. 0 ., D. C .• M. D.• writes: "The book is splendid and will help to enlighten many skeptics who otill belie\'r in medical superstition." Prof. DAVID STARR JORDAN, M. D.• writes: "I have looked O\'er the book called The Truth About the M<-dical Profession.' - There are a great many things that are forceful . and truthfully said." GEORGE BERNARD SHAW writes: "There are some quite interesting and important things in the book."" LLANO PUBLICATIONS, STA~LES, .LOUISIANA "REGENERATION" Dr. John Dequer, well-known by all WESTERN COMRADE readers as a brilliant, forceful writer, has contributed a special article for the December number. Dr. Dequer discusses the World War and the social and industrial revolution which must inevitably follow from it. This contribution is the finest that has ever been offered by Dr. Dequer. "THE CO-OPERATIVE COMMONWEALTH" Clinton Bancroft will contribute another of his inimitable and specially written articles on the forces that make for socialism and co-operation. "THE REVOLUTION IN NORTH DAKOTA" H. G. Teigan in the December number compl•tes his senes of three articles, specially written for the WESTERN COMRADE. on the rise of the exploited farmers in the Northwest and of the triumph of the Non-partisan League. "MANAGING THE RESOURCES" Walter Thomas Mills, author, teacher and orator of international fame, tells WESTERN COMRADE readers how the workers are to get permanent control of their affairs. "LLANO IN LOUISIANA" The December WESTERN COMRADE will contain another fascinating description of the inspiring work of the members of the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony in developing the Louisiana extension of Llano. Photographs of the various activities of the new colony will be liberally sprinkled throughout· the December magazine. Your $1000 Membership will put the Louisiana Bee InduStry on a paying basis. fJl We want your $1000 Membership specially to help finance our MODEL 300 STAND APIARY. fJl Bee cultu1e can be made profitable from the very first if established NOW. This money is needed AT ONCE in order to put the industry in shape for the commg seas<?n. Address: LLANO DEL RIO COLONY -:- STABLES, LOUISIANA EDITORIALS · job Harriman will contribute three pages of comment and opinion on the political and sociological issues of the day. This Razor $1.00 Comrades! Don't be Henry Dubbs and pay two prices for a razor. Ju•t send us $1.00 for this high grade razor on 30 day's trial. Guaranteed to be the equal of any razor on the market regardless of price or make. Furnished with plain black handles, either round or square point, extra hollow ground %-inch blade. Be sure to state whether round of square point is wanted. Price is $1.00. post paid. Remit by postoffice money order if possible. Comrades, rf our razors don't make good we will. Address: RED FLAG RAZOR COMPANY PARAGOULD, ARKANSAS Will You Be Our Agent? WE WANT an agent in every community to look after renewals. secure subsc riptions. and to represent the LLANO PUBLICATIONS in vanous ways. Our proposition to responsible persons will be found attractive. Write us a t once for details. THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS, STABLES. LOUISIANA � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-11 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-11 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v05n07_191711 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-06 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v05n07 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 30 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Making Socialism a Power --- a Symposium Llano Invading Louisiana Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/ce9d8282f75d80e469fbe47a75390b7a.pdf 34ba9a55235f4b01174fa29ec1aa32fc PDF Text Text I - " October 19 17 Inr11ng In s Number r - - - - - C on t e n t s - - - - - - . The Revolution in North [)akota By H. G. Teigan Page EDITORIALS by job Harriman ....................... 3 THE DEVIL'S PUNCH BOWL ........................ 9 THE NEW SOCIALISM by Alec Watkins ........ 12 Current Problems SOCIALISM IN jAPAN by S. Katayama ............ 19 By Walter Thomas Mills A NICE GIRL (Story) by Mary Allen ................ 20 Llano's Louisiana Purchase EFFICIENCY IN RELIGION by Myrtle Manana ··· ··········-···············---··- ········-·-·· --·-··-·22 THE CO-OPERATIVE COMMONWEALTH by Clinton Bancroft ·--··------·--··-····--········ ·· ···· ····.24 Other Features Are: "Was Schmidt Guilty?"; Successful California Co-operatives; Co-operation the World Over; News and Views in Agriculture; Book Reviews, etc. Price Ten Cents t. �F THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. Three Correspondence Courses of Study Organized in 1900. Students in All English Speaking Countries LESSONS PREPARED AND TAUGHT BY Walter Thomas Mills ~ Any of these Courses can be taken by a single individual or in classes. Work can begin at any time and can be completed as quickly as anyone is able, or the time may. be extended a~ may be necessary. FINELY ENGRAVED CERTIFICATES are given to those who satisfactorily complete the work in any of these courses. 1.- TEN LESSONS IN THE SlUDY OF SOCIALISM. Here are j 11.-TEN LESSONS IN THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING. · the Courses I III.- TEN LESSONS IN THE CORRECT AND EFFECTIVE USS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. THE TEN LESSONS IN SOCIALISM Lesson 1.- The Evolution of Capitalism. Lesson 11. -The Evolution of Socialism. Lesson IlL- Scientific Socialism. Lesson IV. -Tbe Failure of Capitalism- The Coming of Socialism. Lesson V.- Trades Unions and Socialism. Lesson VI.- The Farmers . and Socialism. Lesson VII. -The Middle Class Workers and Socialism. Lesson VIII.- Religion, Education and Socialism. Lesson IX.- Political Parties and Socialism. Lesson X. -How to Work for Socialism. Each of the len lessons which have been especially p repared by Mr. Mills, the author of ' "The Struggle for Existence.'' gives special directions for the study of some one topic as given in the above schedule. Each lesson gives a summary of the subject maller to be studied with special references to all the paragraphs in the text book bearing upon tha t topic and designating those to b, read only, as well as those to be carefully studied. Each lesson in the course is followed by a list of test questions, the answers to which a re w rillen up as studied and forwarded to Mr. Mills for correction, approval or recommendations fo r further study, together with answers to any special questions asked. THE TEN LESSONS IN THE CORRECT AND EFFECTIVE USE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Lesson 1.- The Building and the Mastery of Words. Lesson II.- The Classes of Words. Lesson 111.- The Relation of Words to Each Other. Lesson IV.- The Building of an English Sentence. Lesson V.-The Finishing Work on an English Sentence. Lesson VI.- The Forms of Speaking and Writing. Lesson VII.- The Telling of a Story and the Explaining of a Situation Lesson VIII.- Tht Building of an Argument. Lesson IX.- Effective Correspondence. Lesson X.- Writing for Publication. These lessons cor.sist of ten pamphlets, each complete in itself and containing all the m~terial necessary for a student"s work. Each lesson is followed with test questions and the manner of procedure in doing the work, the same as above. , I TEN LESSONS IN THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING Lesson 1.- Tbe Training of the Voice. Lesson 11.- Gatbering the Speaker's Materials. Lesson 111.- Constructing the Argument. Lesson IV.- The Delivery of a Speech. Lesson V.-Adomment and Power in Public Address. Lesson VI.- The Speech and tlae Occasion. Lesson Vli.- Errors in Speech. Lesson VIII .- Controversial Speech. Lasson IX.- How to Manage a Crowd. Lesson X.- The Personal Qualities of 8ft Orator. In these lessons, as in the course of English. •·ach lesson is complete in itself and no text book will be required, a nd "the manner of proceedore will be the same. REMEMBER :-If you wish to understand the labor question, to deal with the high cost of living. to understand the rise of militarism and the way of escape, to fight effectively for the young, the disabled and the aged, in short, if you wish to be a good and an effective Socialist, begin a t once the study of these lessons in Soc:ialism. If you wish to have a voice as clear and musical as a bell, so tha t people will listen to you just for the music of your voice, to be hea rd distinctly by the largest crowds, to have a throat of steel that will never fail you, to have a great fund of fresh and interesting information, to be able to think at your best on your feet and before a crowd, to be an effective salesman in offering goods or in presenting ideas, to speak without notes and never forget, to addreso a th rong as though you were speaking to a single friend and to become yourself the incarnation of the message you take to o thers, then take these len lessons in the Art of Public Speaking. If you want to write for the press,- riot for the waste basket, to be understood, not to be la•Jghed at, to write letters that bring replies, to serve on committees, write resolutions or party pla tforms, to gather the greatest fund of information, to write a story that will read when printed as it sounds when told, to recover from the brogue or the broken forms of foreign speech or of untrained utterance, then take these lessons in the study of the English language. J ·] CJ THESE LESSONS Will BE WORTH YOUR WHILE. The following well-known speakers, w roters and organizers were once students of Mr. Mills: George R. Kirkpatrick, Anna Maley, · Fred. D. Warren, Kate O'Hare, Frank O'Hare, Guy Lockw<ood, Mrs. Lockwood, Oscar Ameringer. Phil Callery, J. W. Slayton, Gertrude Breslau Fuller, 0 . S. Wilson,' judge Groesbeck, Geo. W. Downing, Agne1 Downing, john M. Work, Mrs. A. M. Salyer, Geo. H. Turner, George D. Brewer, J. E. Snyder, George Scott, Mrs. Bradfo rd, Walter and Rose Wal<er. Anna Strunsky Walling, T. E. La timer, c~roline Lowe, J ames O'Neal, W. C. Benton, J . L. Fitts, J . L. Engdahl, Dr. Nina E. Wood . TERMS: The Course of Lessons in Socialism, including a paperbound copy of "The Struggle for Existence" by Walter Thomas Mills, free, $5.00 for a single student ; in classes of live or more, $3.00 each; in classes of ten or more with text book free to each student in any case, $250 each; or the course free to anyone ordering ten copies of the cloth-bound edition of "The Stru~le for Existence" at $1.50 each (regular price $2.50); or ten copies of "Democracy or Despotism" by Walter Thomas Mills, regular price $ ! .25 each, to one address. The Courses in the study of English and in the Art of Public Speaking are $10.00 each for single students; in classes of live $7.50 each; in classes of ten or more $6.00 each; or either Course for a single student free to anyone ordering fifteen doth-bound copies of "The Struggle for Existence" a t $1 50 ( regular price $250); or fifteen copies of "Democracy or Despotism" a t $1.00 each ( regular price $ 1.25) to one address, purchasers paying the freight. CJ Now is the time to get ready for the winter's work. You can invest in nothing that will pay so large a return as when you invest in yourself. You can cam these courses getting up clubs for the books. You can greatly reduce the expense and add lo the pleasure and pro:'J of the work by getting up classes in any of these Couroes. ADDRESS AU. COMMUNICATIONS, always mentioning that you saw this ad in THE WESTERN COMRADE, to The International School of Social Economy . . .s-.. R. R. No. I, Box 15, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA. ~ , . w '-----------+--- r--••-............._~\ ___ ( . �Political Action Co-operation Soc.ialism The Western Comrade De vo ted to t.h e Ca u se o f I h e Wo rk e rs Entered as second-class matter November 4th, 1916, at the post office at Llano, Califomia, .under Act of March 3, 1879. JOB -HARRIMAN PUBLISHED EACH MONTH AT ll.ANO, CALIFORNIA. Managing Editor. ~7 ERNEST S. WOOSTER . . • . . •i . Business ~anaRer· Subscription Rate-75c a year; Canada $1. Single Copies fOe; clubs of 4· or mor.e (in .1!1. S.) SOc. Combination with ll.ANO COLONIST _$1. Publishers and others are invited to copy at will from the WESTERN COMRADE. but are asked to give credit. Nothing copyrighted unless so stated. In making change of address always give your former one so that · the mailing department may be certain that the right name is being changed. Plea·se do not send subscriptions, changes of address. complaintS. etc., to individuals. Address ALL communications to the Llano Publications. Llano, Calif. This paper will not assume responsibility- unless this rule is followed. VOL. V. LLANO. ·cALIFORNIA, OCTOBER, I 9 I 7. No.6 - - - - --------- - Editorials N EVER in the history of the world did a revolutionary movement show such vitality and determination as that of Russia . It is confronted with the all but irresistible German army; with the conservative, plutocratic rebellions of the empire; and wit h the infinitely complex and perplexing problems of reconstruction. Yet the new government is h<~ndling the situation with great skill and profound wisdom. Political and industrial democracy are growing in an orderly ma nner out of the tyranny and chaos that gave them birth. The vitality of this new movement is due largely to the philosophy of Socialism, so thoroughly and generally understood by the Russian people. This movement was known as "underground Russia.'' It grew in spite of eternal vigilance of the universal secret service spy system, backed by a brutafpolice and an armed force of infantry and cossacks. These humble but highly intelligent people contrived to publish their books, pamphlets, papers and leafl ets, and to circulate them by the millions throughout the empire. Occasionally an unfortunate, courageous enthusiast became too bold, and, being detected, he was transported to the mines or prisons of Siberia and punished for life for the c rime of uplifting and educating his fellowmen.· It was these long years of persi~tent a nd relentless effort to teach the people their rights that prepared the Russian mind for the establishment of tl:Je foremost .democ racy of the world. It was in the same manner and against similar obstacles that the German Socialists overcame the brutal Bismarckian laws, a nd were, before the war, ·moving irresistibly to..yard the overthrow of the Kaiser's government ~nd the establishment ~f a . social democracy. The downfall of the Kaiser will yet. be brought about, not by the Socialist forces from without, but by the Socialist forces from within. It will be dan·~ with order, precision and determination. Even greater dis~ipline and more profound wisdom will be shown in Germany than was shown in Russia. Wh~ever is acquainted with the Germa n people and has observed the German mind must know that they will not make a move until they first ·know _that they ~aintain perfect military discipline and sustain a solid front to their enemie~ when the Kaiser goes down. It is toward the fall of the Kaiser and By Job Harriman the uplift of the people that the Socialists of Germany have been moving for the last half century~ Their victory is as certain as the morrow is to come. . The peaceful, educational methods of the Socialist movement will overcome and overth~ow any government on · earth that- r!!sts its power on o ppression, sustained by brute force. Th~re is a profound reason .for this. Every human being,' like all other forms of energy, seeks the line of least resistance. When he is bearing burdens of tyranny and plutocracy, he is not moving in the line of least resistance. Every thought that tells him how to cast off his burden and make life' more desirable is music to his ears and food for his soul. There is yet another rea~on. Every conviction that leads to one's liberty of his fellows begets a social passion that is dearer than life, and for which millions have been, and, if necessary.will -yet be crucified. But persecution a nd . crucifixion and all · the tortures of hell will not cause them to deny their convictions nor surrender their social passions. Yet there is not a nd never has been a man in all the worla so rich but that he would freely give his last dollar to save his 4ife! 1--be social passion, the inborn desire .to give aid and succo1 to· humanity is born and lives and moves in the very depths d human impulses, while the getting of money is' only ~ rriatter of superficial rational activity. It is because of this fact that all governments founded 'on pr~erty rights constantly gather military power around them, but are from their inception doomed to go down before the tidal wave of more humane impulses, struggling for the general uplift and the welfare of the race. T -o-- HE headquarters of the Socialist Party in Chicago and various other cities are reported to have been raided by tpe government authorities. jWe cannot believe this has been done with the sanction <!f. President Wilson. The world cannot be made safe for democracy by such methods. ,;- There is a very general misunderstanding of the Socialist on the part of many government and state officials. The Socialist movement is international. The members �. I The Western Comrade Page four have been meeting together in internationai congresses for half a century. Their interests and philosophy are the same. They feel towards and treat each other as brothers. - They are brothers, not only in theory but in deed. The thought of killing each other is unbearable and except when immediate necessity presses, they refuse to fight. We believe, however, that none of them would refuse to work in any industry where conscription might call them, especially if that work were required to be done upon property conscripted for the same purpose. Surely if men may be conscripted to work, property may also be conscripted for them to work with and upon. Conscription of men, conscription of food, conscription of property, is as certain as tomorrow, if the war lasts. If men, food, and property are conscripi.ed they will not be unconscripted. · "You cannot unscramble eggs." The power to conscript in times of war establishes the right to conscript in times of peace or war. Necessity knows no law but action, and such action is always in line with the power action, let that power be what it may. It is up to the acting power to be wise, for if wisdom is lacking and the burdens imposed are too heavy, the result will be a revolution. That is what took place in Russia. That is what President Wilson demands of the German people; that is what will happen wherever the burdens are unbearable. Conscription of men, foods, and property lead inevitably to state socialism; beyond that, and in sight, lies the longsought Social Democracy. --o--· E NGLAND's war debt to date is upwards of $5,000,000,000; the war debt of the United States at the present moment is $20,000,000,000. A fool and his money are soon parted. ---o- C HEAP bread! Unfortunately, we do not have it; but it will soon come. "The members of the price-fixing commission think that the new price will permit of a fourteen-ounce loaf of bread selling for five cents a~d allowing a fair profit both to the Hour manufacturer and the baker," says the Literary Digest. A profit, fair or unfair, is fixed in the minds of all. This fact is · the fulcrum upon which the world war is turning. World cataclysms will continue as long as this fact remains. No man can make a profit off another and live in harmony with him. The bone and marrow of all war · is the conflict of interest; and " profit" is the essence of the conflict. ---o- THE Pope's peace proposal is now being published by a Catholic publishing company and circulated in an artfully prepared paper that spouts Hames of danger from every line. The mighty organization of Catholicism is striving with all its might to re-establish the temporal power and absolutism of the Pope. The following quotation will reveal the hand-writing on the wall. But the Pope will be the Belshazzer: 1 "In my opm10n,. Europe and the civilized world ought to institute at Rome a · tribunal of arbitration presided over by the Pope, which should take cognizance of the . difference between Christian princes. This tribunal, established over princes to direct and j"udge them, would bring us back to the golden age." Golden age, indeed! It is a golden age now for the princes. Princes always. have and always will, as long as princes exist, enjoy a golden age! What do we want with princes and their golden ages? Will someone. tell? What was the American Revolution all about? We are not looking for a golden age for- princes or Popes. They have had their innings. They have been weighed in the balance and found wanting. Poverty, misery, ignorance and degradation ·have been man's lot under their sceptres. Away with their political power! They are partners in tyranny. ·It remains for the people to be partners in liberty and democracy. Again we listen to the Pope : "We must find a new bond to unite us all. The Pope alone can form this bond. Only Rome can make her impartial and unprej udiced voice heard, for no one doubts fo r an instant the integrity of her judgement." How about her impartial and unprej udiced judgment in the days of the Spanish i nquisition? No, no one doubts. Everybody knows that the world has had enough of such impartial and unprejudiced judgment. None of it for us. Again: "The interests of the human race require that there be a curb which will restrain sovereigns and protect the life of nations; this curb of religion might by universal consent have peen placed in the hands of the Pope." Curbing! The people had better do their own curbing. The Pope curbs to the glory of the Pope. The people will curb to the glory of the people. A little abolition on the side might help some. Again: "It is necessary that the present system of deciding international questions by a congress be abandoned and recourse be had to the supreme arbitration of the Pope." The pages of history are smeared with the blood of religious persecutions. The hands of the Popes are black with human gore. Swallow the Pope by choice and you will swallow his re(igion by force! What is the matter with democracy? T --0-- HE most remarkable fact in connection with the enormous cantonments now heing built in the various parts of our country is the permanency of structures. Concrete foundations of many buildings; water pipes encased in concrete; enormous substantial storage houses; and other durable structures; -all impress one with the idea that the foundation for militarism, rather than democracy, is being laid. In all probability, those holding such political offices as enable them to temporarily direct the construction work, will honestly repudiate this idea, but their terms of office will soon expire, while the institutions that gave rise to their military camps will continue to live and the owners of those institutions �The W cs lc r n Comrade · Page five will direct the military force of the future as they direct !he their downfall. The money power incident to office was a greater temptation than they could withstand. military power of today in every labor trouble. . Our i>oliucal institutions are only a duplicate -of our inThe labor and reform movements will then stand ·face to face with alf all but irresistible mililary force. ·Such a suc- dustrial institutions. The opportunity . to get money · without cessful strike as the recent shipbuilders' strike in San Fran- earning it is the curSe of the age. Buying and- selling and speculating and employing for profit-all lead to gambling cisco ~ill be a thing of the past. Far be it from us to question the honesty of our high offi- and swindling and embezzling, and getting money by cunning. The principle involved in both are · the same. cials. But hones_ty does not ·remove danger. .An honest man So~ething . for nothing i~ the curse of the age. is far more dangerous than a hypocrite if he is in error. A hypocrite can be .changed from his course by a show of power, -o--but an honest man will die for his convictions, be they right RliTE force as a means of ~overnm~nt is committing or wrong. · suicide. It' is the law of death. Every race ~r species So, also, are those honest who own the industries. And, that adopts force as a rule of action ends in the tomb. The strange as it may appear, every dollar of accumulated profit most peaceful races and the most peaceful animals have surconfirms the conviction of the man who believes that it is right vived . . Were force the law of life, the reverse would be true. . ---a-to accumulate· money by employing men for a wage less than UDGE BURNS of Texas would murder all men who vote the worth of their product. Comforts and luxuries are added contrary to his views qn the 'war question. He would in proportion to the wealth accumulated , and even doubtful opinions are transformed into co~victions by the luxuries that crucify democracy in the name of the nation. He is mad are added. It is hard indeed for him to surrender his luxuries with power and made insane oy the law's restrictions. Our who kuows that he has employed wrong methods in accumulat- laws are made to bridle such beasts . . No crime is too base ing them ; but it is impossible for him to surrender them if for him who would deny the right of franchise to the Amerhe believes the methods cmpleyed to accumulate them were ican people. The right of suffrage was the -fruit of the American Revolution. The blood of our forefathers was ri ght. Not on ly will the honest man ·die for this privilege; but. spilt for this right. Burns would wickedly spill the blood · of being in power. he will use th e public force to protect himself our forefathers to maintain it. Instructing the local grand jury, he said, "If I had a wish and all others in the exercise of those privileg~s . In this fact lies all the clements of monarchy and of militarism . Militarism I would that you men had jurisdiction to return bills of in; and monarchy are only different form s of the same thing. dictment against those .who sought to obtain votes at the Their roots run down into. and a re made up of. the private expense of the nation's welfare. Such men should be placed ownership of productive property . While this institution of against a stone wall and shot." Ju.dge Burns is guilty of treason. When accepting office private property lasts, our liberties are in danger, and demoche swore that .he would support the Constitution. The right racy hangs by a thread. - -o - of free speech and unrestricted suffrage is the very heart OVERNOR FERGUSON, of Texas, has been impeached. of our constitution. His statement, ·if followed, would cut Of course, he resigned his office but did not do so until this heart out. The people shed their blood for the privilege of voting the vote impeaching him was about to be taken. Not only is he impeached, but he is indicted for embezzleme~t and m1s- for the. alter;ltion, the change and repeal .of any law that they appropriation of funds. Nor is he alone; he has plenty of 9isapproved. co~T~,pany. Many officials in high places in that state are now . If Burns' advice were followed, another civil and terrible before the 15rand jury and will be prosecuted for the same . revolution would be upon us. pffence. The policy of our people is and should be to support all The condition in Texas is not very different from that in laws while in force, but to ·cha.nge them when disapproved. What else does democracy mean? other states. The trouble in Texas ·seems to be that the machinery of the state got out of the hands of ·the machine. If the Pr~sident's message means anything it means this. The preachers of Texas have raised their voices at least No one has a right to presume that he means otherwise until a n octave. It is not a sweet refrain that they are singing. he says or acts to the contrary. The titles of their songs are "original sin ," "the fall of man ," Violence to the right of franchise is treason in the first and "total depravity," and their breaths are laden with the degree. The robe of a judge can not conceal this treasonable act. brimstone and sulphur. They have forgotten .that these men were born pure and -o--sweet, and were those of whom Christ spoke when he said: "PEACE without victory!" The hope of America! "Suffer little children to come unto Me and forbid them not, This is the hope _of the people of the world! for of such is the kingdom of heaven.". . But this is not the hope of the aristocracy of the world. To Nor yet do these preachers see that the temptations laid this sentiment they say "Get thee behind me, Satan, I know before these ~~n by the industrial' and commercial system of thee not!" The aristocrats are ravenous beasts. They are which these very preachers are champions, is the cause of ambitious for the spoils of war and for the world's dominion. B J G �'tLe esteno Llano's 'Louisiana Purchase HEN the Uano del Rio Co-operative Colony ~ established at Uano, Los Angeles County. California, it wat expected that it would be the first o~ what sho~Jd ultimately be a large number of associated colorues scattered through many slates, all to be correlated ~d to work in perfect harmony with one another. _ _ Now the time hat arrived when this intention is to be carried out. The lint attempt was made at Llano, and it has aroused widespread inter~st. From every English-speaking country. come letters evincing the utmost sympathy, and expressing the desire to be with those who ·are pioneering in this work. Llano, situated in the edge of the great Mojave Desert, in the part known as the Antelope Valley, is one of the finest pear-producing districts in the world. Apples and other fruits do well. Markets are not far distant, and every indication points to the Llano property eventually being worth millions of doll ars if developed as a fruit growing district. But in the meantime Llano cannot support a great population because trees do not begin to bear for several years. The pioneer work having been done, most of the people will either have to go in to some industry or to go into some other colony. /\bout a year ago Comrade Harriman began a quiet inv stigation to determine the best place to begin the first colony xtension work . His travel took him into many states and he considered many tracts of land. Finally he learned of a vast stretch of virgin soil in th e cut-over pine district of westrn Lo uisiana . Without making known his intentions, he inv stiga ted f~lly, gathered an amazing quantity of accurate a nd d tailed information , and reported to the Board of Directors. It was favo rably considered by them a nd then the proposition was placed before the Colonists in a mass meeting. Th ' Y b came convinced of th e splendid possibilities. 1\ committ c was at once appointed to verify the report of Co:nrade Harri ma n and to gat her further information. This committee left Llano the latter part of August. Stops w r made at Minneola. Texas, for the big encampment there, nd at oth r places. The comrades in Texas were wildly nthu iastic and immediately proffered aid of all sorts in making the first extension a gra nd success. But like their comrades in Llano, they were very much Of po d to the disposal of the California property: This has be n dvocat d by orne. The sentiment is not at all favorable to su h a sale. Th foregoing brief explanation is intended to forestall misconc ption on the part of readers, an::! erroneous ideas as t ' hy thi mo i to be made. The Truth About Louisia~a Th Gulf Lumber ompany o\'med a 16,000 acre tract of ernon Pari h, Louisiana. one portion of it is within on mil of L ville, the Pari h eat of Vernon Pari h. being to the uth and '""eSt and about 12 miles from the Sabine Ri r. It is perhaps 45 miles from Ale.xandria, 100 miles from re~rt, and about 200 miles from e\ Orleans. much mi und rstanding exi ts concerning Louisiana, and much misinform tion has been spread broadcast, that it is n · ry to correct right on the start some of these erronous I nd in im~ Louisi has been considered a state ·of swamps. alligators, l fe • malaria and people of little education. Of une a portion of this is true; otbem--ise the wrong stories ne ha been mid and re-told.. But the b:utb about LOuisiana is that it is lilre many other states~e of it i good and some is not ~ good. There are swamps alcin8 th coast. In these swamps there are mosquitoes and in them diseases menace the health. But these swamps are only a comparati ely small rt of the ar!2 of th_e state. The rest of Louisiana is tre sure house of potential wealth. Its soil i wondrously rich. Its people are pro~ably as well educated. Though it h hd overwhelming odds to contend with, Louisiana hn m d progress. Without advertising, and therefore without h vin8 t• tracted wide-spread attention, Loui iana ne ertheles h forged ahead. One of the best portions of Louisiana is Vernon P rish, which has been covered with heavy fore t of pine timb r, this being the chief long leaf pine district. Som of the greatest saw mills in the world are here. The mo t recent figures give 666,000 acres of timber land out of the nin hundred and eighty thousand acres t omprising the total a r • age of the county. Residents are few, there being but 20,000 in the Parish. Leesville, the county seat, has but 2,500 p ople. It is a modern little city, and a pretty one, with good chools and modern conveniences·. · The Highlands of Vernon Parish are fertile and productive. Moreover, these piney highlands are healthful. There are no mosquitoes, no malaria, no fevers. The people. are healthy. A letter from Dr. Oscar Dowling, to the WESTERN COMRADE in a!lswer to questions concerning the health conditions of Vernon Parish, brought the followin g answer: New Orleans, Ln. .Sep t. 7, 191 7. Llano Publica tions : Llano. CaL Gentlemen : Your inqu iry concerning Vernon Parish received and it is n pleasure to sta le that health conditions in the entire sta le of Louieiono will compare favo rably w; th those of any o ther Southern slnle . . . As Sta le Health Oif,cer. I travel ove r the alatc- ev n 10 the remo te rural dis tricts- many limes every year. I have been in Vernon during the las t seven years a number of limes. The cit izens 1h re or very healthful in appearance, and the schools are ru nning over. Bo th of these t· consider mos t excellent indications of good conditions. An adeq uate supply of potable waler n\ay be had in ony sec tion of Vernon, and if the residents are reaaonably careful 01 to their sani tary environs • . . they need nol fear sickness any more than in any other ,pari of the coun try. . Very truly yours. OSCAR DOWLING. President The weather conditions are also favorabl e. Though there is no weather bureau station in Vernon P arish, there is one at Sugartown just a few mil~s south and one at Robeline, a few miles north of the Colony property. Precipitation for Robeline is given at 45 inches for the year, for Sugartown at 53 for the year. Mean temperature for the year is highest at both stations during july and August, and stands at b~ !ween 81 and 82. Lowest mean temperature is given at Robeline at 47 in December and January, and at SUgartown at 50 and 51 for December, January and February. Thete figures are taken from records covering a number of places. Thus it will be seen that there is ample rainfall, and very little cold weather, giving a growing season of at leatt ejpt months. The Commission of Agriculture and Immigration hat this lo say regarding Vernon Parish: Ibis Pan.L is situated in lbe wmem part of lbe •We. ad aJDiaios 966.600 iJICUS of lad. The formatioa is itbid,- piN hiL, The K - City ~ · parith. It If ~ by wid. a Jiulr ;moine aad alhmal lad.. ...DLoad nms IIIOI1b aad _... S:.IJi.: aad c..Jc..i.o n ·on. lbr~ by bar- c-.~r. c..o.-. ,.__ �the Western Comrade Page &e\letl among them being ~ech, magnolia, white oak, cypress, walnut, post oak, red oak, sweet gum, hickory. The trees are· very large; magnificent specimens of their kind. There is also m'u ch good pine, though the trees are scattered in small -groups. It will, however, serve to supply the Colony with all of its needs for many years to come. "Among the. first que5tions a'siced are: What will the:land produce? What kind of soil is it? Is it easily worked? . • . m· · ·"The: ·soil is a gray sand, underlaid with a deep ·red -subs'~il. It Is easily· ·worked, but it must be remembered that this tract is almost entirely covered with stumps, and these must be The crop r~port for the year 1916 gives the following· data taken out, although it is possible to farm with them· in the · land for a while. The trees were cut off about -fifteen years regarding crops produced in Vernon Parish.·_ · · · 'ago. . Cotton ................ 1598 bales S~eet potatoes.... 100,000 bu. "The land is highly productive and good results can be Corn ............ 240,000 bushels Irish potatoes ...... 10,000 bu. ·secured for the labor applied, but it means work and lots of Syrup .............. 4500 barrels Hay ................... 700 tons it. On the land are several small farms, and inquiries wer.e Peanuts .......... 1,000 bushels Oats ................ 7,000· bushels ·made to ascertain what is grown and what the production is. Among the live stock listed are 15,075 head of cattle, 5,864 Special attention was given to learning whether the land would hogs, besides sheep, goats, horses, mules, etc., proving con- produce the very first year, and. also whether it would retain its fertility. It was found, by questioning there, that the land vincingly that this is an ideal stock country. Forage crops grow splendidly, and Louisiana can boast of will produce from the first, and that the variety of crops is many varieties of grasses. In these piney highlands, which extensive. Moreover, it will retain its fertility, though of are 240 feet above sea level, rolling, well-drained, with rich course the rotation of crops, rational methods, and the applisoil and healthful environment, many kinds of forage grasses cation of fertili'zer crops or fertilizers are quite as essential grow and as a stock country it is so good that this promises for big results as they are anywhere else. One of these to become one of the greatest meat producing regions of North farms. had been farmed for fifteen years and is a paying :· America. Here the livestock of the Colony can be pastured proposition. "The land will produce many crops. There is no finer fig through most of the year, and made ready for market at little district . anywhere. This will surprise those who had concost. sidered California the finest fig growing state. Cotton and What The Committee Reported corn and sugar cane are the big paying crops. Melons of When the committee was selected by the Colonists to view, all kinds produce wonderfully. This is in the pecan district. Peaches, plums, prunes, investigate, and report, it went with a full sense of the tremen- Oats are profitably grown here. dous responsibility resting on it, and its report is given with cherries are all profitable, as are berries of nearly every ·variety. all due care for accuracy. The committee consisted of Pre- Not far away, in this same general district, the growing of si.-1 1t job Harriman and Secretary W. A. Engle of the Llano strawberries is a special i'n dustry. Raspberries, blackberries, del Rio Company of Nevada, and Robert E. White, assistant and dew berries grow wild. With the exception of -citrus fruits, there ·are practically no fruits but what can be produced superintendent of the ranch. The report i_s given here. "The state of Louisiana is a rich and beautiful but sadly here, not only for home use, but also commercially, and made neglected state. It has not yet completely recovered from the to pay. Vegetables of all kinds do exceptionally well. There blow dealt it during the Civil War. This is one of the reasons will be no difficulty in producing everything for our own use, why its land has not been taken up before and why it is pos- and having a great abundance to dispose of. We should be sible for the Colony to secure this vast, rich territory. Even able to market a large quantity · of corn, cotton, me1ons, potayet there are old plantations which have never . been touched toes; cane and peanuts the first season. "On this land ·are a number of small cottages which can be since the war, the buildings lorig since fallen into .d ecay, the.· lands grown again with pines, some almost large enough to utilized by having just a little work done on them . . Lumber be made into lumber. · · is easily secured, and the building of other houses' is a matter "The stream of emigration has been westward, and Louis- of compara tively little_ expense. On an adjoining piece of iana, neglecting to advertise her wonderful resources, has been land is a saw mill, and it is possible that we will be able to overlooked. Even those from the. South, westward bound, secure this mill for Colony uses at less cost than one ·cou!d be passed through Louisiana without stopping, and have gone taken from 'Llano. "One of the advantages we will enjoy is being close to the on into Texas. "But this year there is drou.th in Texas. There are vast railroad, so that transportation will not be a seriou5 proble!TI. districts as barren as the desert, the cattle and other stock Leesville, close by, has a good high school and good grammar driven off in search of pasturage, the fields mere dry wastes. schools. Our educational problem will not be a serious one. "There is no disease, except such as"- found in any d isNo rain ·has fallen for many months, and what was once a productive land is now being deserted. The people are leav- trict anywhere in almost any country. The environment is ing, and the stream of emigration is this time eastward again, good and the health conditions are excellent. There are no east into the heretofore neglected and overlooked Mississippi mosquitoes. · Though W¢ were there in the· early part of states, where this year the corn and cotton crops are large, September, the heat was not oppressive, and we slept under blankets every night. This condition did not exist in other for this land does not have drouth. · The rains never fail. 'The land- for which the Colony has bargained, an im- parts of Louisiana even at that time. The people are alert, mense tract of 16,000 acres, is sout-hwest of Leesville. On progressive, and of the kind that it is a pleasure to. be among. it are perhaps 1200 a<;res of the finest of hardwood timber, "Water in the wells is clear as crystal, and as pure as water comparable with the best to be found anywhere · in the Missis- can be. In the streams, however, the water is discolored by sippi Valley. Its estimated value runs up into the hundreds the leaves and vegetation, though not impure. Fish live in of thousands of dollars. These trees are of several kinds, it. Large ones are caught in the stream which flows through Water is ~bundant- and of good ' "Leesville, on the Kansas City Southern railroad, is the farish seat. Cotton is the chief crop product, and com and hay, oa.ts;~peas, sweet · potatod, Irish potatoes, and sorghum are grown. The fruits and nuts are peaches, pears, pecans, apples, figs, pomegranates, plums, and grapes. Livestock comprises cattle, sheep, hogs, and horses. Game consists of deer, squirrels, coons, oposs11ms, rabbits, beaver, wild turkeys, wild ducks, partridges, woodcock, pheasant, becasine snipe, the plover and rice birds. There are fine varieties of fish found streams, amo_ng them· trout, pike, bar fish~ and bass. The timber is pine, oak, elm, gum, willow, hickory, and cottonwood. Extensive areas of long leaf pine exist." · coco, and numerous small streams. q~~~ ' �Page eight The Western Comrade ' this property. About twelve miles away 'is the Sabine River, which is full of fish of several varieties. "No liquor is sold in Louisiana. It is a dry state. . It is a place to make a home and to want to live. The need of Louisiana has, been men and money, and her resources have been largely untouched. Only about twenty per cent of the arable land is under cultivation. Vast fertile tracts are not producing. just recently have efforts been made to develop the agricultural resources as they should be. In Vernon Parish the land has been covered with timber, which has, of course, prevented agricultural development, but as this is being rapidly cut off, the time is close when it will all be under cultivation." "This report is not by any means complete, but it will give a good idea of what to expect. The land is· rich, but it requires work to make it produce. ·We investigated every phase of it we could think of, and we believe that no place we have ever seen combines so many advantages. "A summary of what is secured with the new Colony possessions will give a more adequate idea of the wonderful possibilities and the ease with which it may be developed and made to become productive. 16,000 acres of land in all; 1,200 acres of hardwood timber; 27 good habitable houses; One 18-room hotel, in fairly good condition; I 00 cheap houses; One shed 130x300 feet; One shed 130x200 feet; One shed 80x 100 feet; One store 30x90 feet, fixtures in good shape; 1 concrete power house; One office 40x50 feet, iron safe included; Eight other sheds and structures; 2 million feet of lumber in these wooden buildings. 5 concrete drying kilns, each about 20x70 and 20 feet high, cost $12,000; Railroad bed with ties (no rails) through the middle of the tract, connecting with railroad on each side. "The value of the abov~. aside from the labor put into them, is quite a consideration, and will save a vast amount of time and work. Besides housing the first families who go there, the industries can also be well housed and no time will be lost in providing for them. "Very little work will be required to put the buildings into condition so that they may be used at once. "This is indeed the most wonderful opportunity, and nothing can hinder the progress of the Colony. There is every reason to believe that within a short time the Llano Colony in Louisiana will be a producing, thriving, growing concern, a source of interest to all, a means of livlihood and more to those within it." Some idea of the vastness of a 16,000 acre tract of land may be secured by remembering that if 16,000 acres were laid out in one long narrow strip, one mile wide, it would extend for 25 miles. just imagine some point 25 miles away and think how immense this is! Or, if we were in a more nearly square shape, which it is, it would be 5 miles in length and 5 miles in width. So well impressed were the people of Texas and Oklahoma, that they gave substantial pledges of their intention of becoming members immediately the tract is ready to receive members. Before the deal was fully closed, thirty families · were ready to become residents of the New Llano. This is the kind of recommendation that the people who know Western Louisiana are giving. One comrade from Texas writes that there will be 75 to 100 ready to come in by December first. And this means that the first exten:.ion work of the Llano Colony will be a gigantic success from the very first. In spite of war and high prices and mistakes and hardships and disappointment and attacks by those who cannot or will not understand, the co-operative colony movement ia going ahead and the wo derful work attempted by the Llano del Rio Colony has just really commenced. · Inquiries made in the' Llano Colony indicate that a majority of the people here will desire to go to Louisiana to give the new Colony a start. Not all, of course, will go, for there are many so enamored of the climate and the wonderful views that they will not leave. Others came here, drawn largely because of ~he ~ealthful c~nditions, the dryness of this climate being the particular quality that attracted them. These persons will not want to go. They are here to stay. But many of the people of Llano naturally have the desire to change environment. It is of' their chief characteristics. They are venturesome by nature. The · idea of extending the work '\ of the Llano Colony, of invading the Solid South with the ideas of co-operation applied, appeals to them. So the likelihood is that a majority will want to go to Louisiana. They wil pack up their household utensils and goods. The industries will be taken down, some of them, and moved to the new center of activity. The temporary tent houses will be razed to the ground, the canvas converted into many purposes, the frame work made into other articles and used in · building. . It is to be a titanic task, this one of moving a city. It means incessant activity. It means securing many cars, perhaps a $185,000 has been spent in hard-surfacing the roads in Vernon Parish. Further Improvements are being made yearly. whole train. The road will be lined with loads of goods bound for Palmdale. .Of course, this does not mean the abandonment of Llano, California. It merely means expansion. Those who are left will carry on the enterprise. They will develop the water, put it on the land, disitribute it through the ditches to the points where it is most needed. They will plant the orchards and care for them. Theirs will be the task of carrying out the plans which have been made. Llano Socialists have come, have worked out their theories, and have demonstrated them. They have stripped theory of its non-essentials and have reduced it to a practice. They KNOW their Socialism. Theirs is not mere theory, untried. Theirs is the experience born of three years of worthy effort, of genuine constructive work, of pioneering where man and nature frowned, where powerful enemies oppressed, where ignorance cast its obstacles in their path, and where the fainthearted quit and the doubters left. But it has made its place. It has everything in .its favor. Llano the Second is born, and by the time this reaches the readers, it will already be a lusty youngster, anxious to conquer and subjugate the 16,000 acres before it. [The November WESTERN COMRADE will tell about the plans being made for handling and developing the new Colony.) �The Weatern Comrade Sl ou:rH The Devil's Punch · Bowl of Llano, tucked away in the surrounding the trail and off to the west are still higher peaks. Many are hills, and scarce visible from the road unless special quite rugged, and some are almost sponge-like in appearance, attention is directed toward it, lies a huge mass of being honey-combed with deep, narrow caves which reach ____ con!(lomerate rock, worn and eroded, seared by time into the .dark interior of the peaks. Some of these caves are quite large, and one which is · ana s~o;m, perforated by innumerable little caves, carved into deep c~ nyons and ravines. Uplifted masses rear them- easily accessible, though not visible from the trail and perhaps s ,Ives above the general level. A precarious trail winds along 500 yards west of it, is large enough to shelter a dozen men. cliffs that look down hundreds of feet into the chasms below. Bees are occupants of many small fissures and holes in the It is a weird and picturesque spot, little visited, rich iR scenic cliffs. High up on some of the crests can · be seen dark openwonders, a small reproduction of some of the wonders seen ings about which buzzards wheel and sail, and in which are probably their nests. ir. the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. With exception of the trees along the rivulet before menThe Devil's Punch Bowl it is calle.!. It is perhaps a mile in width and two miles or more in length, paralleling the tioned, anc.l a clump of pine trees near the trail in another ranges of the Sierra Madres. Almost devoid of vegetation, place where a depression has permitted soil to collect enough yet circled by more or less verdant hills the spot is one to to nourish some hardy pines, there is little vegetation with exception of some manzanita and greasewood that clings long be remembered. Visitors are not taken to the Devil's Punch Bowl when to the steep, rocky walls, their roots prenetrating the crevices they visit Llano. Some go to the timber where the logging of the rocks and finding in some mysterious manner, food and camp is, where pretty, though diminutive, Jackson's Lake is water on which to survive. This whole, upheaved rocky mass lies in strata, the lines a cool and inviting spot ; some go to the Fish Hatchery where the cienegas, flowing from the dry bed of a seasonal creek, of which are visible at .considerable distances. Great uptilted unite to form the Big Rock, and these visitors marvel at the ledges, pointing at angles of 45 degrees toward the north, each perfectly parallel with its neighbors, lean like multiplied springs thus bursting forth. But the Devil's Punch Bowl is not Llano property and it towers of Pisa, vast and mysterious and enticing. In this land of the Devil's Punch Bowl, b:->.rren of vegetais not easily accessible. There is a way to reach it by automobile. That is by way of the Pallet Valley, a valley high tion, nearly, there's a charm and a beauty that is difficult to above the Antelope Valley, snuggled up close to the highest describe. Deep clefts have been worn by tiny s•reams of southern mountain range visible from Llano, in the protected water which have persistently cut away at the soft rock till coves and ;'lrroyes of which are small farms. But the road they have worn their way through. Through these gateways, from Uano to the Pallet Valley is neither direct nor good, V-shaped, inverted pyramids of space cut deep into the rock. and those who make the trip once do not care to make it are glimpsed enchanting views of the far-off, low-lying hills, and the still further, vast stretches of the Antelope Valley, again unless it is necessary. There is another way and a direct one. That is to go rimmed in the blue distance by the pale Tehachapi mountains, through the beautiful Valyermo ranch, perhaps five miles misty and uncertain on the northern horizon. There's nothing of value, but there's much of beauty in the south of Llano. The road to this place is excellent. But the rest of the trip to the Bowl must be made afoot. However, Devil's Punch Bowl, and those who leave Southern California to visit better advertised regions could spend wonderful days the trail is good, and it is easily followed. Standing sentinel guard over the North Portal of the Bowl here and never be more than I 00 miles from Los Angeles, is a giant mass of red rock. A narrow defile through the within 50 miles in a direct line. It is one of the wonderful things of this wonderful spot hills which mask the Punch Bowl widens rapidly and the vast upheavals of grayiih rock are piled higher and higher. on the edge of the Antelope Valley, part of the Mojave Desert. Trickling out through the south ~ap is a little stream . It It is one of the surprises ; and comoarativel:v few even of those does not ~~:et far, soon being absorbed by the thirsty sand, living in the Colony, have ever visited the Devil's Punch Bowl licked up by the ardent sun, and drunk by the roots of the and viewed its rugged crags, its deep chasms, its .caves, its . alders that line the little stream. A splendid camp ground, p~aks , its perpendicular cliffs of conglomerate. Some day its long known and reached by a short trail branching off from charm will be appreciated and commercialized, and together the main one, with plenty of wood. with clear, cold. pure with other points of interest here, neglected and appraised water in abundance m11kes this a delightful place to remain. at but a fraction of their value will be the haunt of tourists The source of the little rivulet is about 200 yards above this and visitors, in summer because of the delightfulness of the spot. where .it emerges from beneath the foot of a cliff. Early mountains at that season and because it is vacation timcw- in in the morning there is a generous How ; by night it has winter because residents of Southern California can vary the dwindled to a mere trickle, but it is unfailing throughout the monotony of the winter days by quick, easy trips to scenes year. Why it should be so low in the evening is not fully of snow. And those from the East, pining for a glimpse of explained by absorption, by the amount taken in by tree roots, snow and the bite of frost again, can enjoy it till the novelty and that which is evaporated. The interesting explanation wears off, returning home again, all within a day, for the has been advanced that the mass of rock in the cliff becomes Devil's Punch Bowl is 4000 feet above sea level and there's heated during the day, expands, and in this expansion closes olenty of snow there in the winter time. It is probably more the crevice until only a small dribble comes out of the earth- beautiful then, even , than it is in the summer. But seen quake fault, just as one might shut off a faucet. summer or winter. only those lacking in a perception of the Leaving camp, and again taking to the trail, one is soon beauties of Nature or those surfeited with scenes of grandeur high up toward the crest of the formations, for the trail dis- can fail to be . impressed with the beauties of the rugged, dains the valley and holds to the ridge. It is an old and rocky pocket h1dden among the narrow range of hills that . wellworn one, probably used when these mountains were pros- divides the Antelope Valley from the smaller Pallet Valley. pected over. It can never become a popular place, but it merits a journey On every side are deep clefts, while rising higher than of many miles, and well repays the effort. �Page ten The Western Comrade ' The Revolution ~ In North Dakota Written Specially For the Western Comrade. [This is the first of three articles by H. G. Teigan, telling the story of the Nonpartisan League of North Dakota.) RTH DAKOTA is an agricultural state, and wheat is its chi~f produc!. It is, ~n fact, the greatest wheat producmg state m the Union. . . --But while North Dakota has produced such an abundance of wheat that it has become known as the "bread basket" of the world, the fact remains that the finished product-flour-is not made in North Dakota, but in Minneapolis. At Minneapolis, in Minnesota, are the great flour mills of the country. These mills grind into flour the wheat .produced on the fields of North Dakota. Early in the history of the Northwest, a group of shrewd and far-seeing men saw the opportunity of establishing at Minneapolis a permanent gouge in the form of flour mills and a grain buying ·agency. This grain buying agency became known as the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce. In 1881 a law was passed by the Minnesota legislature conferring upon the Chamber of Commerce the exclusive right to estabHsh the rules governing its operations. The courts were ousted of all jurisdiction in regulating its rules. Only the legislature has power to set these rules aside, and so long as the big millers and grain gamblers control the legislature, it is not likely that the rules will in any way be interfered with. It might be of some interest to know that the Governor of Minnesota, when this law was passed, was none other than John S. Pillsbury, the founder of the Pillsbury Flour Mills. Now to understand the pernicious character of the Chamber of Commerce in its relation to the farmers of the Northwest, it is important to have a fair understanding of how this institution controls prices. The Chamber of Commerce not only buys and sells real grain, but it also buys and sells fictitious grain-"futures"- that is never delivered or intended to be delivered. By these gambling methods of the Chamber, it is an easy matter to force prices down at certain times of the year, .and in like manner compel them to rise at other times of the year. At a hearing before the committee of the Minnesota legislature in 1913, these highly important facts were established: I. Future sales in .the Mi-nneapolis Chamber of Commerce alone has totalled not less than the stupendous sum of $J.O,OOO,OOO a year. Prices paid to farmers by millers for real wheat are fixed by the prices made by the operations of the pit gamblers. 2. Of the three hundred eighteen specified memberships, one hundred thirty-five were held by line elevators; fiby by millers; thirty-nine by terminal elevators; and two hundred by commission houses. The remainder of the members were feed men, shippers, manufacturers, linseed oil men, and others. (In this testimony of John G. McHugh, secreta~y ~f th.e Chamber of Commerce, there is evidently a duphcatton m the enumeration of the owners of memberships.) .3 .. Much testimony was brou-ght out showing how_commts.sJOn houses. ~w~ed subsidiary companies, sold grain to then own substdtanes and bought it from them. 4. According to Mr. McHugh, "there are commission ch~rges for buying as well as selling, and for future transactions" a~d the rules permitting these multiple commissions are estabhshed ·by the very men who pocket the- commtsstons. 5. Methods of manipulation are such as to force · the farmer to accept an inadequate price for his wheat, and to By H~ -G. T e i g an Those Copying Please Give Credit. boost the price to the consumers after the traders. have obtained control of the market. . 6. Mr. McHugh contended that the Chamber was a "private corporation" and was, therefore, in no way obliged_ to publish its affairs. . 7.. It was shown at this investigation that the Chamber of Commerce robbed the farmers o1,1t of millions of dollars by a false systerp of grading: Between September I, 1910, dnd August 31, 1912, the terminal elevators (owned by the Chamber of Commerce) of Minneapolis, received 15571,-. 575 bushels of No. I Northern wheat; but during the same period these same elevators shipped out 19,978,777 bushels of the same grade. Yet they had no wheat of this grade on hand at the beginning of the period, and 114,454 bushels at the end of the period. A like condition was true of No. 2 Northern, but the reverse was true of the lower grades: This merely goes to prove that the Chamber of Commerce bought the farmers' wheat at grades far too low. Now it must be borne in mind that there is considerable difference in the prices of the high and low grades of wheat. There are other minor steals that I could discuss, but the above will suffice to show what sort of a proposition the wheat farmers are up against. (See "Facts.for the Farmer," published by National Nonpartisan League.) But the Chamber of Commerce and the big mills have not been the only exploiters of the farmer. The ban-ks have been equally bad. It frequently happens that the farmers of the Northwest do not harvest a large crop, and, with low prices for their grain, it becomes incumbent upon them to borrow money at the banks. Often, too, in former years, .the homesteader was compelled to borrow money to buy machinery, horses, a few cows, and oth~r things necessary in farming. Invariably the banker charged an interest rate of at least twelve per cent on these loans. Only on real estate could a slightly lower rate be obtained. With the Chamber of Commerce pounding down the price of wheat in the fall, and the banks at that very time demanding payment of interest and principal, the farmer was caught "a-comin' and a-goin'." The effect that this double skinning game had on the farmers can be seen from the following report of the Census: In 1910 the total number of farms owned in whole .or in part by the operators was 63212. Of this number 30,651 were reported as free from mortgage; 31,728 were reported a s mortgaged, and for 833 no report relative to mortgage indebtedness was obtained. The number of mortgaged farms constituted 50.9 per cent of the total number of owned farms, exclusive of those for which no mortgage repo'r t was obtained. In 1900 such farms constituted 3 ·1.4 per cent, and in 1890, 48.7 per cer.t. It may be noted that the per centages given fo'r the three censuses are comparable, but that the number of mortgages and unmortgaged farms reported in 1890 is not entirely comparable with the numbers reported at the later censuses, because at the census of 1890 the farms for which no reports were secured were distributed betweeen the two classes of mortgaged and unmortgaged farms. It Is evident, however, that the number of mortgaged farms .d ecreased slightly from 1890 to 1900, but increased greatly from 1900 to 1910. Since that time . the mortgage indebtedness has increased at an enormous rate. It has been estimated that at least seventy-five per cent of the farms of North Dakota are now . plastered with one or more mortgages. This condition of things was primarily responsible for the revolt of the farmers that took place in 1915. Of course �T h e We • v t Page eleven e r n C o.m r a-d e there were other more immediate causes. Two of these I · shall here briefly mention: l. The work of the State Union of the American Society of Equity. ·· 2. The wo'Tk of the Socialist party. The work of the Equity Society was confined very largely to a specific agitation for the .inauguration of changes in the grain grading system and the establishment of a stateowned terminal elevator either in Minnesota or ·Wisconsin, or within the state. It may be of some interest to know that as early as I 893 a law was passed appropriating $100,000 for the establishment of a state elevator at Duluth, Minnesota, or at Superior, Wisconsin. Nothing was done to establish this c;levator, and as a matter of fact, nothing could be done, inasmuch as the law was in violation of the state constitution. The framers of the state constitution four years before had seen to it that the gambling game of the Chamber of Commerce should in no way be interfered with. Thus it was that the Equity Society commenced a new agitation for the establishment of a state-owned elevator, about 1908. In 1909 the legislature was induced to pass a resolution for a constitutional amendment authorizing the state to estab" lish a sta te-owned terminal elevator, and with the passage of the same resolution by the 1911 legislature, the proposed a mendment went to the people for approval in the fall of 1912. The a mendment was ra tified by an overwhelming vote. The 191 3 legislature, however, practically refused to obey the ma nda te of the voters as expressed in the vote on the constitutional amendment. The 1915 legislature also ignored the expressed dema nd of the people a nd even went so fa r as to repeal the law passed by the previous legisla ture a ppropriating a small amount for an elevator fund. During the same period that the Equity Society was agitating for the establishment of a state-owned terminal elevator, the Socialist party was also carrying on a vigorous campaign throughout the state. Its propaganda was confined very largely to the "immediate dema nds," viz.: for establishment of state-owned terminal elevators, flour mills, packing houses, cold storage plants, exemption of farm improvements from taxation a nd such other measures as would be of benefit to the fa rmer in controlling the marketing of his products. In short, it was a farmer propaga nda. Thus it was that in the spring of 1915 the farmers of the sta te were seething with revolt. The only thing necessary was a mea ns of crytallizing the revolutionary sentiment. Here a man of rem a rkabl~ genius as an organize r appeared on the scene and commenced the work of active organization. This man was A. C. Townley. In order to fully appreciate the story of the early development of the Nonpa rtisan League, I wish to quote from one of his speeches delivered at Grand Forks, March 31st, 1917·, two years after the founding of the League. The following is Mr. Townley's own story: "Most of the farmers in this state do not know how the Nonpartisan League started. They don't know a nything about this Movement in the early months of its development; this thing that is big enough now so that it attracts the attention of all the people of the United States. You and they want to know about it, so I am going to tell you, that just a little more than two years ago, out here in the county of McHenry, at Deering, North Dakota (most of you know where it is) I met Mr. Wood here- Howard Wood- you see him in the corner there-and his father, Mr. F. B. Wood. I had met them down at Bismarck at that legislative session. I had talked with them and with Mr. Bowen and two or three others, about a plan to organize the farmers of the state · and capture the government of the state. · "We had an idea, just an idea, and on the first day of March or the last day of February, I came out to Mr. Howard Wood's place at Deering. I called him up over the phone. I had told Mr. Wood about mY plan to build the Nonpartisan Le·a gue; but he did not expect me t.o come there in the winter when there was snow <?n the ground. But he knew what I meant when I phoned all right. And he met me on the sidewalk. I will never forget how he looked the day and the hour and· the minute that he looked at ·me and shook hands. · "He said to me (because he knew what I was "there for) : 'What the devil."are you out here at this time of the year for?' "He thought I was coming .in the summer, and there I was in the middle ofwinter with plans, as he knew, to organize all the farmers of the state. "No we didn't have any of the funds that are back of the Republican party or the Democratic party. We didn't have any money to build this organization. All we had was just the idea. And the story to tell. "You know I have got a reputation of having gone broke. I want to plead guilty to that. I don't need to emphasize that very much here. You all know that as a farmer .I was not much more successful than the average farmer. I want to tell you that there is not very much diHerence between myself and a good many other farmers except .that I went broke and founc' it out, where a good many fellows go broke and don't know it. That is all the difference. ·(Laughter and applause). "And when I found out that to farm under the conditions that you farmers have to live under, made it impossible for a ma n ever to hope to win an honest competence, .I· simply quit and said: THERE IS ANOTHER WAY OUT. I am going to cut out this. I know a different way. "So I roamed around about the prairies of North Dakota for about a yea r and a half, talking to the farmers. I used to walk thirty miles a day sometimes and talk to the different farmers as I came to them. I thought I understood the matter. I went from one to the other a nd I talked to them, hours, and discussed things with them, sometimes an hour, sometimes two, to see whether there was not something that could be done. "You may think it was peculiar, a funny thing, that I ~ould tramp back and forth in that wav talking to farmers. But I thought that an organization could be built. I did not know1 was not sure. So I went on and on, and talked to farmers, discussed things with them. And we would come to the conclusion that SOMETHING HAD TO BE DONE. or there was not any use staying on the farm. And so I got that idea and tha t expe rience. ''Mr. Howa rd Wood and his fa ther knew I had gone broke as a fa rmer, a nd I was discredited. My neighbors iind all pe0ple knew that I was out hollering against conditions; and when I came to Mr. Wood without any money-my .wife at that time was sick in St. Paul, and I was withou·t any moneywith nothing but a PLAN to organize the farmers of North Dakota in one summer- when I came to his house when the snow was still on the ground, as~ing him to help me do that, you can readily understand what he meant when he said: 'What the devil are you doing out here at this time of the year?' "Mr. Wood had been in the state eight or ten years, and had given about half of his time to trying to build an organization and had not got very far. And he had friends! And here I came to Wood's place without any money, without any friends, with NOTHING BUT A STORY! You begin to get some idea of the situation.. I wonder how many men there a re in this room that I could have got to get out a team and go with me to see a neighbor with a proposition like that? Of course, if I had had a good reputation, like Jerry Bacon here (Bacon is the owner and editor of an Anti-League sheet at (Continu•d on page 30) �Pqe twelve T h e We The N'e w Socialism 1 I e r n Co m r a d e By Alec watkins Written Specially For the . Western Comrade. Those Copying Please Give Credit. - - - HERE is the Socialist Party today} under the burden of Capitalism, and we could do nothing to It's activities in many directions have practically set it free. · ceased. Part of its press has been suppressed and N_o thing should be ~ore obvious than that if the .Co-op_ __ the rest of it muzzled. Some of its members are in erative Commonwealth ts tc await the time when the majority · prison, and more are likely to be. Others, more or less pro- of men are able to comprehend the Class Struggle in all its · minent in the counsels of the party in the past, have deserted r~mifications, · the reign of Capitalism is secure for a long the ranks and are now dividing their time between. firing lime to come. long-distance broadsides at the Kaiser and hurling verbal Our first need is Power. Where are we to get it? stink-pots at their former comrades. The majoritY remains From whence does any political party derive its power? lrue to their organization, but their organization is utterly should not be nece~sary to repeat the answer, but our unable to afford them a means cf tioing effective work. creed-loving Marxian friends seem to be singularly incapable Before the war the Socialist Party was like a ship at sea, of grasping it. Any power that a political party may possess without chart or compass, and headed for nowhere but the is drawn from the economic group whose interests it represents. horizon. And the storm came and wrecked it. Can the Socialist Party make any progress in its present Why was the late Progressive Party a dismal failure? It shape? It cannot. No organization can do anything with- had the support of able and influential men, men experienced out power; and the Socialist Party has none. It was impotent in politics, men who held the . confidence of a large part of in lime of peace; it cannot expect to be otherwise in time the people. But they were held together only by an emotional of war. It failed to prepare for war in time of peace. idealism which found expression in the demand for certain It is useless to blind ourselves to mildly-benificent reforms. The Profacts. We have been powerless in gressive Party failed because the busithe past, we are powerless now, and ness interests of the country were alE must understand that a we will continue to be powerless as ready attached to one or the other long as we cling to the methods that of the principal parties. man is not of necessity a have rendered our labors futile in the It will be a source of satisfaction fool or a knave because of his inyears that have gone. to some Socialists to know that the ability to recite the Communist The situation is not entirely hopeindependent Socialist Party, that it is Manifesto backwards. We must less. Let us hope that when the Fedproposed to form of the Socialists who learn to utilize the forces that eral authorities entered the National have left the party since we entered office of the Social Party a few days may not be consciously socialistic, the war, would also collapse for the ago they destroyed the dogmatism and same fundamental reason-unless they but whose progress inevitably leads fanaticism that bound the movement sieze upon the opportunity which we in the direction of Socialism. We hand and foot and killed the growth. have neglected. A group of idealists must make co-operation not only When the war ends, it will be may exercise a limited usefulness as an ideal to be realized in the distant necessary to re-build the party. How an educational force, but no matter future, but the immediate policy shall we do it? In the past we built how eloquent or able its members, it on argumentation, debates, pamit can acquire no power while it reof our party. phlets, lectures, words without• end. mains dissociated from the everyday In the future we must lay its foundaconcerns of the interests upon whose tions deep in our economic institutions. behalf it essays to speak. In ·the past we have preached the Class Struggle; in the The reason that our rigid Marxians fail to realize this elefuture we must get into it- that we may finally end it. mental fact is perhaps because, like all dogmatists, they attach We must remake our party, reshape its policy, and reverse importance to the letter rather than to the spirit of the teachour mental attitude. ings of their master. They passionately affirm allegiance to We have been narrow, fanatl'cal, dogmatic. Dogmatism all the theories enunciated by Marx, some of them hastily and inevitably breeds suspicion, intolerance, bitterness. We have imperfectly conceived, but ignore the severely practical spirit been disgustingly, childishly suspicious of all who could not that characterized ·his entire work. No one did more than subscribe to our infallible creed. Marx in his time to rescue the sanguine souls wh~ pinning Let us make no mistake. Bitter though it will be to the all their faith in the potency of persuasion, believed that the dogmatist and the doctrinaire, we must be prepared to take Social Commonwealth would suddenly and miraculously spring to our bosom many whose souls are still scarlet with the sins from man's natural goodness of heart. The Socialist Party must definitely identify itself with every of capitalism, many to whose minds the theories of Marx are unknown. And we must be constantly ready to co-operate economic organization whose progress lies in the direction of with organizations whose feet do not always tread the path Socialism. we would have them tread. The political Socialist must become an active unionist, and Fusion! This is heresy, of course. We have but one altern- the unions must go into politics. This means a struggle in ative; we can repeat the performance of the past. We can the unions, but it is useless to evade the issue; it is inevitable. stand by ourselves apart, viewing the struggle from the dizzy It is not necessary to make academic socialists of the members heights of our own creedal perfection, refusing to soil our of the unions; it is only necessary to convince them that they skirts by contact with the multitude who are still unwashed in suffer a loss of power through limiting their organized acour own superior brand of holy water. tivity to the industrial field. It is not necessary to fill the No doubt our company would be select, and certainly it union halls with socialist oratory; but it is necessary that the would be exclusive; but the world would continue to groan (Continued on page 30) W .t W �The Western Pace Comrade My Californian By D. Bobspa . S lURDY little native son Of four, In nightie, ready to sail The dream ship journey To the Sandman's palace, Gazed intent at colored map. "This is Cal'fornia, Where I was horned," In triumphant announcement; And then, "Was you, Daddy, .and Muvver Borned in Cal'fornia too?" just Hoosier-born, We had to confess Our position Outside the pale of the elect. A puzzled look on That eage r, earnest face. Then a smile. One below is but they Antelope of the wonderful views looking through a cleft the Valyermo Ranch; across the range of hills are not so easily represented on paper. This one Valley can be seen the Lovejoy Buttes and the "But I had you, Daddy and Muvver, In Indiana." · Confession once again To that little California lad. In Love's young honeymoon On banks of "The Wabash far away," Full fruition had not come To consecrate our altar. Undaunted, undismayed, Our California sunbeam Quickly flashed Triumphant answer, "But I wanted you; Daddy and Muvver, An' I cwied an' cwied, An' you tame Across the desert An' the mountains To get me In Cal'fornia." in the Devil's Punch Bowl toward the north. The garden spot seen beyond it lies Llano. There are other views which surpass this one, is looking north across the Punch Bowl, and further off across the Tehachapi mountains. · IIUrteen �-Page fourteen The Western C::omrade Was · O Schmid t Guilty? (This is the sixth installment of Comrade job Harriman's address in the trial ,of the Los Angeles dynamiting cases.) - --ow let me call your attention to the boat in which the dynamite is alleged to have been carried. You will remember Howard Baxter. He was one of the 1· . - owners of the boat. His partner swo're that the men who hired the boat were to pay two hundred and fifty dollars, but Mr. Baxter demanded five hundred dollars deposit. The deposit and . practically the entire transaction was conducted with Mr. Baxter. After the men used the boat on~ of them went back to Mr. Baxter. The transaction was closed, Baxter wrote him a check deducting the rental and the man went his way. They had probably spent an hour together conversing partially concerning the business at hand and partially on general topics. Not withstanding this prolonged conversation, the most Mr. Baxter could say was that the defendant resembled the man but that he could not say that he was the man. Mr. Scott a reiative of Mr. Baxter .cashed the check given by Mr. Baxter. He said, "In my judgement he is the man, but l would not say positively." Mr. Burroughs, the partner of Mr. Baxter, said that Schmidt was not the man. Hold for one moment the image of witness Bryson in your mind. The man was much fleshier than the defendant; Bryson was much fleshier. He had a much fuller face; Bryson had a much fuller face. He was much broader in the shoulders; Bryson was much broader in the shoulders. He saw him:, talked to him about the boat, instructed him how to run the engine, was with him an hour and a half, was down to the engine room with him, saw him face to bee and was close to him, as close to him as you are to each other for one hour and a half. He says, "I know that Schmidt is not the man." What are you going to do with his testimony? He talked to him more than all the other witnesses put together. He had been near to him and looked him straight in the face. He dealt with him both before and after the boat was used. "HE KNOWS HE IS NOT THE MAN." He was subpoenaed by the state and should have been examined by the fair prosecutor, whose sacred duty is to be as fair to this defendant as tq the state, but he sent him away without putting him on the stand. Mr. Keyes-"We did nc.t send him away." Mr. Harrima~-"!'.ou subpoenaed. him?" Mr. Keyes- Yes. Mr. Harriman:_"You did not put -him on the stand?" Mr. Keyes-"No." Mr. Harriman-"Oh, you let him go back. You did not sel1d him. Yes, he knew the way home and you in your fairness knew enough to · keep him from telling the truth." You knew, Mr. Keyes, "that he had been with Perry for one hour and a half. that he had · dealt with "him showed him the boat, explained the engine, showed hi"m ho~v to run it, and you knew that he would say on oath that this defendant is not the man. I do not know just what idea of fairness thirteen years as prosecutor developes in an aspirant to office, but I do know that a nu~ber of fair and honorable men have been prevented fr?m _takmg the stand because they would not testify as the fair pro~ecutor would have them testify. Mr. Schmidt did_not buy the "Peerless" letters. Mr. Nutter sold the word ''Peerless" to two men. He says Schmidt resembles one man, but that man was stouter. He could not .!den!ify ~u:nidt.. The man tdd a round face with a droop m hts left eye. Mr. Schmidt's face :. '"\Ot round and· his eye 1 NI does not droop. That is a strange co-incidence·. No one thinks Bryson was guilty, but the man was stouter much fle~hier. had a much ·rounder face, had a droop in his eye. It IS by far a better description of Bryson than it is of Schmidt. ~is all come from the mouth of witnesses for the prosecution. · But .lis~ei1, the witn~ss says he had light complexion and sandy ha~r. Look at tt. Laok at Schmidt. Remember Bryson. Netther of them has a light complexion, and neither ha~ sandy hair. · H?w rapidly they ride over the high places. They emphastze the statement that one witness said that Schmidt · resembled him, or that a man said that Schmidt was the man but they fail to tell you what were the points of identifica~ tion. The gist of the matter does not lie in the fact that. one man says that this is the man or that he resembles him· but it lies in the fact that the cheek bone was crushed, th~t his eye was all right, that his hair was · sandy, that his face was round, that he was fleshi'e r,' that he was short and broad ~houlder~d. Yo~ r_nust hold in -your mind the facts pertainmg to hts descnptton, and not the mere statement that this is or is not the man. · . . Agai_n the man enters the store where he buys the letters. The Witness stated that two men came in and asked for letters.. He resemble~ the type of man. Why di9 -not the prosecutmg attorney m all his "sacred fairness" read to you that the witness said he resembled the type of man. "I could not say positively Schmidt resembles the man, not the eye; he had a peculiar look in his face, not in his eye." Schmidt has nothing peculiar in his face, but his eye is faulty. "Not his eye," but something peculiar about his face. Here is the crushed cheek bone coming to the front again. But Schmidt's cheek bone is not crushed. .. ~chmidt did not ~o to the cafe Miramar. Steuprich said, I JU~t glanced at htm. I only saw him in the dining room. That ts not the man--does not look to me like the man. There was something the matter with the left side of his face." This is the fourth witness that noticed the crushed bone. Some say the bone was crushed and the eye was all right. Some say the left side of his face was affected, not the eye. Others say there was something peculiar with the left side of the face. M~. Steuprii::h said·, "He ain't the man I seen." The pros~cutmg ~ttorney laughs at his ignorance and his pronunciatiOn . Hts lack of education surely will not dicredit him; That is his ~~sfortune and should elic.;it our sympathy ~nd not our ndt_ cule. He -has suffered enough for want 'of JOYS t~at_ educ_atton brings.. Far he it from me to question a man s mtegnty because hts education was neglected. · "He Is_ not the man, he resembles him certainly. I just passed h1m by. Ab?ut my size. I could see him face to face, just ~bout my he:ght." There is an essential fact in the descripl!on. T_here IS anoth_er cheek bone fact. Thinking they would ·• ·... catch htm, . the J?Jst nct. Attorney had Schmidt step around to compare hts hetght wtth Steuprich. He never would have done it if he had known that Schmidt was a head taller. Steuprich was broad shouldered and looked to . be as tall as Schmidt. With all this testimony can you believe .that Schmidt was the man? · Mr. ~rown, the man at the Howard Street dock said, "He looked hke he had been hit with a hammer." This is the fifth man who noticed the crushed cheek bone. Mr. McCall was one of the five . .He defined the crushed ·cheek bone with the greatest particularity. He defined his own state of mind, and that he wondered how the man could a �' Page £fteen The Weslern Comrade have received such a blow without leaving a scar. But he said also that the eye ~as all tight. This. defect was observed by five different men, all strangers to each other. There can be no question but that man who purchased · the dynamite, and hired the boat, and bought the letters for the word "Peerless" and tied the boat to the Howard Street wharf "had an all right eye" and a "crushed cheek_ bone." The physical defect that attracted the eyes of so many does not mar the face of this defendant. This fact alone will open the prison doors and let the defendant go free, with his sister to their home. The two women who saw the parties unload the dynamite a t the cottage. in which it was stored say this defe'ndant" is not the man. They did not observe him critically but they were near him and they were positive that they would be able to identify the man they saw. Now let us consider the testimony of Mr. Phillips, the man who was in charge of the powder works when the dynamite was delivered on the boat "Peerless." I shall not dwell long with this witness, but leave the analysis of his testimony to Mr. Coghlan who examined him. He testified before the Grand Jury some five years ago. He slated to the Grand jury that he did not take particular notice of the man, that he only got a side view of his face and that he was there where the powder was being loaded only about two minutes and had no reason for suspicion. But on this stand he stated that he saw the man square in the face and was there twenty minutes; that he helped load the boat and let the boxes down from the wharf with a rope; that he was suspicious of the men. Can such a man be believed? The man's anxiety to convict this defendant had no bounds. He was an advocate and not an impartial witness. You will remember how nervous aud excited he was when he went out of his way and a nd began to argue saying, "It must have been true or j. B. McNamara would not have confessed." Mr. Phillip stated that after the boxes were let down from the wharf he said to the men, "You won't have much room for ten boxes on your boat." They replied that they were going to load them on the skiff that was behind. Before the Grand jury he stated that he was there two minutes and went before the powder was loaded and that when he said, "You won't have much room for ten boxes," he departed. At this trial he stated that he was there twenty minutes and went- after the boxes were loaded. The quesion is whether he went before or after the dynamite was loaded.. Determine the fact and you will know whether he is a true or a false witness. The fact is already settled by tlie very sentence he · uttered. Listen, "You won't have much room for the len boxes." Was that sentence. uttered before or after the , boxes were in the boat? Had the boxes already been in the boat he would have said, "You have not much room for ten boxes." When he spoke that sentence the boxes were still on the wharf, and he said, "You won't have much room," when you place them there, is the thought. But immediately upon making this statement he departed. Such is his testimony before the Grand Jury. It was then fresh in his mind and he was free from his great anxiety to convict any one. He was merely telling his best recollection. He told the Grand Jury that he was not suspici'ous; that he only had a side view; that he did not notice particularly; that he was only there two minutes; but now he states that he was there twenty minutes; that he helped load the. boat; that he saw him square in the face; and that he was suspicious of them. Would you take a man's_ life- or liberty on the testimony of such a man. Have you not been told by the prosecuting attorney that when you find a man false in one thing that you should mistrust him in all. The court in the instructions will tell you the same thing. A still hi_gher authority, your own minds and consciences command you to do. the same thing. Human· life and liberty are too sacred to be taken by the word of one who is so anxious to convict that he cannot refrain from argument white serving as witness. Such a witness is either conscio_ysly or unconsciously false and his testimony . is unworthy of belief and should be altogether discarded. · So much for the question of identification. Were either • · of you b'eing · tried instead of M. A. Schmidt you would feel that in all fairness and justice such an identification is altogether insufficient. Your heart and conscience could not · help insisting that at least the physical 'defects and ma,rks tipon the face and the color of the hair should be the same. You would feel that it would be nothing less than a crime to convict a man of dark complexion when the real criminal's hair was sandy or to convict a man whose cheek bones were perfect when the criminal's cheek bone was crushed; or to convict a man whose left eye was out when the reai criminal's eye was all right; or to convict a man who stood five feet eleven when the real criminal was about five feet seven or eight; and your feelings in such a case would be righteous and holy. Now let us go with this defendant from San Francisco to Los Angeles. With all· their effort and all. their thousands of dollars at their command and with' an unlimited number of detectives, they could find no trace of him in the South under the name of Perry. Only one witness testified that he saw him at Venice. This witness was contradicted- by three witnesses who testified that the defendant was never there under the name of Perry. . Was Schmidt in Los Angeles? Yes, certainly he was. · When? He came in july and returned in the early part of August. He was here under the name of M. A. Schmidt. · He so testified. We again open the door to the prosecution, but they were afraid to enter. Not a question did they ask him in regard to the whys and wherefores and his whereabouts in Southern California. Again they were silent and their only response was, "No questions." Every one of you where disappointed when the District Attorney failed to cross-question Schmidt. You expected it. We courted it. They failed to do so. They failed because they knew that he could satisfactorily explain every detail of a ny question they might put to him. Why did he come to Los Angeles? Why does every .one who visits the Coast come to Los Angeles if possible? He who fails to see Los Angeles fails to see one of the gems of the Pacific Coast. He had decided to return East and came to visit the . · South before he departed. One witness only could be found who testified that she knew him by the name of Perry, and 'that she met him in Venice at Mr. Johanson's house. She was contradicted by three witnesses beside the testimony of Schmidt himself. The failure to identify Schmidt as the purchaser of the dynamite breaks all connection between j . B. Brice and the movement on the Pacific Coast, and especially between him and the Los Angeles strike of 1910. That Brice was connected with the Eastern movement there . is no question. Nor is there any question as to his being in · Los Angeles. But that he was not directly or indirectly con- · nected with the Los Ang'eles movement is absolutely certain. The methods pursued in the East by the McNamaras were · directly opposite to the methods employed here. In this one fact lies the proof that -the Los Angeles movement could not have had a hand in this disaster. Theirs was a movement of violence. The Los Angeles movement was political and peaceful in character. . · ["Was Schmid! Guihy" began in !he May · issue. len cenls a copy.) Back numbers . �I Creek on Uano Louisiana land ; Cotton Field on . adjoining _ property I o Uano lands; Long Leaf Pine Forest in the Highlands of Louisiana. ' ' A Sweet Potato Field in louisiana Highland District. Soy Beans grown m louis Oat Field located in louisiana Highland Distnol. Com Field H i g hlands Louisiana 1n of near Colony lands ; Corn produces well on the cutover pine lands. I ~ �' Alfalfa H a y Field not far from the property purchased by Llano Colony in the Hiahlands of western Lo1.1.istana. Dairy Cattle raisin Loui•iana Highland District . ed .iana Highland District. Thr.. hing 0 • t s in Louisiana Highland District. grazing on cut-over pine lands of 1-i'.ghstrict of a; the industry • promises great profits • . �Page eighteen The Western Comrade Problems Current By .Walter Thomas Mills Written Specially For the Western Comrade. '!bose Copying · Please Give Credit. problems are altogether questions of organization and management? And hence, the greatest problem of all, is how to provide this organization and management. ' I was seen last month that effective dealing with It was said above that all workers should be given the total the current economic and political proble1ps. requires product of their labor but of all forms of labor at this time, the joint action of the organized unions, fa.Hners and the labor which is ·most sorely needed, is the particular labor co-operative societies. required in organization and management. Any political movement in behalf of ·labor which is not With this work effectively done, all other work is easy. With directly related to these organizations and responsible to the this management once provided, all other social problems workers through these organizations, cannot hope to deal vanish. effectively with the problems of labor. Such a management must be made answerable to all those But how does it happen that there are such problems? whose interests are involved. The fruits of the services renProvision is made for the common welfare by the joint use dered by them for the common welfare, must be made availof ( l) the natural resources, of (2) indus~rial equipment in- able for the common need. cluding a system of credits, of (3) organization and manNow, the authority to manage rests on the ability to invest. agement, and of (4) labor. This ability to invest does not rest on the capaciiy or the disThe natural resources are abundant. There are no prob- position to serve the common good, but entirely upon the lems in connection with their production. All social problems _private monopoly control, by a few, of the common needs of all. relating to natural resources have to do with the opportunity to use them, For this reason. the task set for not with any efforts to produce them. every manager is not one of service lllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllll~llllllliiHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilllll The industrial equipment and the for the common good of all, but of possibilities of credit, representing service to the few who monopolize the greatest social problem is goods in transit or in process of pronatural resources and industrial equipduction, present no rea l difficulties in ments upon which the life of all deone of organization and manpends, and necessarily to the disadthe matter of efficiency. agement, and the greatest problem vantage of the many who are dependThe same is true of labor and hence in organization and management is ent, and to the unearned and undethe earth is rich enough in natural reserved advantage of the few who are sources and the machinery of produchow to relate the personal interests masters. Under current conditions. tion is effective enough and labor of the manager to the common the more capable and effective the numerous enough, skillful enough and management, the more serious the sogood, so that he shall become in willing enough to produce enough for cial disaster. The manager is not now all human needs and to spare. very truth, "the greatest servant of employed to serve the common good For this reason, it follows that there all." of all, but to serve the special interare no serious problems as related to ests of the few as against the most the productive possibilities of natural jlilniiiiiiiiiJIIIillllllliiiiJIIIilllllillllilllllllllllllllllllillllllilillilllilllllllhlilllilhlilllllloi!UIIIdl vital needs of al l. resources, industrial equipment or laThe greatest social problem is one bor. of organization and manage:nent, and The one remaining factor involved in provision for the common welfare is that of organization the greatest problem in organization and management is how and ma nagement. It is in this field where all the problems to relate the personal intl;!rests of the manager to the common good so that he shall become, in very truth, "the greatest in economics and in politics arise. It is not a matter of the creation of more natural resources. servant of all." It is a matter of the organiz 11 1n and management of natural Now the greatest managerial ability is chained to the necesresources already and abundantly provided by the gift of sity of serving the interests of those who render no service but who live as parasites on the civic body, and all its nature. It ts not a matter of the necessary production of new energies are required to further the interests of the par.asites machinery in production, transportation, manufacture, storage at the expense of the common good. or exchange. In all these matters, the machinery . provided How different would be the situation were the manager to is so effective that the real problem is not one of producing come to his place by promotion, not for efficiency in serving better machinery but of providing the organization and man- the parasite, but for efficiency in promoting the common good. agement which is indispensable to its proper use. How different the situation if the tenure of hi's position It is not a matter of providing additional labor. It is a rested, not on what he could get out of the workers for the matter of such organization and management as shall probenefit of the masters, but on what he could devise and convide useful employment all the year around for all able-bodied trive for the benefit of al l. people, and all these workers should be made skilled workers. The organizations of the labor unions, of the farmers and of should be equipped with the best possible machinery, should be provided with free access to the natural resources and the co-operative societies, are, at least, the beginnings of should be given for their own use the net total products of forms of organization in the processes of primary production, manufacture, storage and delivery. their own labor. These organizations can succeed only as efficiency in their But all this is a matter, not of providing more labor. but management shall be developed and finally, as they shall be of better organization and management. (Continued on page 30) Is it not perfectly evident that the great social and political The GreateSt Problem of Them All I THE \ �• The Socialist Movement In T ., Japan By S.. Katayaaa Written Sp.cially For the Western Comrade. lbose Copying Please Give Cndlt. - - -HE Social Democratic very promising future for the Soci list movement in jap!Ul. Party of Japan was or- From the viewpoint of the government, the Sociali tis n thin ganized and its mani- but a traitor, and be is so treated by the authoritie • For on - - feslo published on the to vote ·for a "t!<iitor" candidate Is. indeed, an ct of eourase twentieth of May, 1901. Six and determination. hundred members, including the Why is the Japanese government so severe on the Sociali ts, writer, were associated with the and why does it treat them so cruelly~ The answer i that it organization . This party was is to· subject the growing proletariat. The government i afraid suppressed by the · government of the increasing power of labor and of the Sociali t mo eon the day of its birth. But the ment. It desires to sacrifice every national interest to imSocialist propaganda was unre- perialism and militarism. Imperialism is the enemy of labor stricted, so that, in spite of the and Socialism. A victory in war with a foreign nation means suppression of the party, the a military despotism at home. philosophy spread rapidly . japan twice won a victory over China and Russia. The throughout japan. The Social- result has been a powerful class of military bureaucrats who ists made a great fight du ring the sacrifice every sacred interest of the nation to commercial eX• Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5, pansion. The government has been trying to increase the and made many sympathizers. size of the army and navy, until at the present moment its In the summer of 1906, the Socialist Party of japan was people and resources are staggering under the burden of supreorgiln iled in Tokyo, a nd in a few months several hundred porting them. The imperialism of japan ignores the welfare of the proletariat and exploits it as members were enrolled, and all indicalions pointed to a mov ement of growth much as possible. This is the chief a nd act ivity . The pa rty had a Socialreason why the government so bitterly ist daily in Tokyo in the spring of PROVING that the inevitable opposes the growth of the Socialist 1907. but it was quickly suppressed trend of industrial development movement in Japan. by th au thoriti es. S ince th at time The present ministry of Count th Socialist Party legally was never is toward Socialism, the story of the Terauchichi is the most imperialistic and autocratic japan has ever had p rmitl d to ex ist until the present Socialist movement in japan is of tim . unusual interest just at this time since the promulgation of the conati· r-.. when the paramount question is: · Th'IS m1mstry · · · 1 'ocialists in j apan ha ve had hard, tut10n. IS extreme y ( d1 s ouraging li vin g the las t ten years. "What Will Japan Do?" Everyafraid of the Socialists, as it is its M, ny have suffered prison life. where people are turning toward prime object to subject the proletariat the Socialists for solution of the as long as possible. Twelve have served life-terms for their agitat ion of revolutionary doctrines. world's troubles. What the SoThus, in spite of the oppression, the· ix have died in prison. Twelve have cialists of Japan are striving to do Socialists are trying admirably to b n hun g. There are \a ny in prison is of utmost importance. make as much headway with their a t the pr s nt mom ent for persisting agitation as is possible under the un· ocia li t propaga nda. Probably favorable circumstances. Their work must necessarily be of a more or leu th tr atm nt of the Sociali~ts has been hnr h r and more cruel tha n that in any other country on clandestine nature, as . they a're not allowed to agitate openly , rth. otwith tanding this constant · suprpession, oppression, among the workers. The fact remains, however, that in spite intimidation a nd rigorous punishment, however, scattered of the popularity of the Socialist philosophy and the e:¥treme throughout j apa n there are some seven thousands of Socialists. difficulty of gaining the ear of the public, the Socialists are M n of th se once active in the cause, quit for the sake of growing in numbers. living. Th remainder are true martyrs and bravely face all There is a marked sign of the awakening of the workers in p •rs cution that may be directed against them. j apan since the beginning· of the European war. Frequently t th time of the last parliamentary election, the Socialists strikes in the various industries within Japan and the inr n 11 nndidat . omrade To hihiko Sakai a ssumed the res- spiring lesson of the Russian Revolution have made a profound pon>ibilit in initiating thi move. Five campaign meetings impression on the workers, thus showing that there will doubt· w re held but all ' ere broken up by the forces of the brutal less soon occur some changu for the better. The pressure poli e. Following thi , the Sociali ts were entirely suppressed, from the ou tside is so great, that further resistance it futile. 11lthough the con titution guarantees them the right of liberty The lot of the proletariat under the greedy exploitation of lllld freed m of speech. floreover, in spite o f the specific modem capitalism, will continue to improve until the workert provision in the election law which allows candidates to hold eo masse will rise and throw off the heavy burden laid upon mpai n meetings during the two months previous to the them for generations. d of election, the platform and manifesto o f the Party were ~uppre ed. Even then Comrade kai received twenty-five K I DLY GIVE US CREDIT v tes. Th~ are about one and a half million voters in Japan out We observe that many maga:zines are liftinz "'PT bodily fr- of a population of seventy million souls. This number is re- publications, some without giviDg us "'"''Iii fen she ume. We are sbd stric~ b property quali£cations and educational tests. so to have oar .....Uer ccpi.d. but as We _ . , alUds of ow .w6 at die of amsicla-aLie time and labor, aol to Nf}' _ , - , we d-. il .a,. tMt the proletarian are utterl exduded from the hanclme. a..s fair lbat conl......,nries aedit .., with d maUa- that thq ...... fro.e To ~t t tes under such circumstances ows a oar ...,....,.,._ lLWO I'UBUCAnoJe, ... �Page twenty The Western Comrade A Nice Gi rI By Mary Allea Written Specially For the Western Comrade. Those Copying Please Give Credit. ~VID BOLTON was considered "queer" by the neighboring rancht-; s. In the first place it was rumored that he wa~ a " Fr e Thinker," and while none could __ _ . have told just ..d ••d a "Free Thinker" is, still all would have agreed that it is ;omething particularly mysterious and deadly; in the second place he kept a heathen Chinaman to do his housework and help care for his motherless boy; ·in the third, he received through the mails certain literature which set the village postmistress to whispering; and in the fourth, his three-room frame house, instead of being lined. with paper was lined with books. But the Prewitts, who lived on the ranch adjoining, found a good neighbor in him, always ready to help in irrigating or other emergencies, and in return Mrs. Prewitt did what motherly favors she could for the small boy David. In this way Nancy Prewitt and David had become playmates when the little girl still had baby dimples in her bare knees and elbows. The particular delight of the children was a certain pasture of fi laree, malva weed and wild mustard, which became in the summer a mass of swaying yellow, the most er:chanting place in the world for games of hide-and-seek, wild Indian, Bluebeard's castle and heaven knows what not. Sometimes David's father would come and play with them and suggest fascinating new games and tell them wonderful stories of the rocks, the stars, and the plants. Even a tiny wild mustard seed became a thing to tremble and weep over when Mr. Bol- . ton spun a story around it. And best of all, when Nancy in hushed voice would say, "And is it all true? Every word?" David's father would answer, "Every word!" And David would add, "All Dad's stories are true!" Then Nancy began to grow. She became a long, slim, spindling thing, with no sign of a dimple or a curve, save in her cheeks. Her mother began to tell her a great many things that nice girls must not do. When Nancy would ask why, her mother would answer, "Nice girls don 't ask why. They do as they are told! " Now Nancy had always wanted above all things to be a nice girl, first because she had been told in that way little girls would some time get to heaven, and later for a more definite reason. She had surpassing love for babies and she felt sure if she were good enough God would send her some of her own when she was a woman. She never expressed this desire. It was one of the things nice girls must not talk about. It was hard to remember all the things nice girls must not do, especially as it seemed every day there was a new rule to be learned. Nancy's teacher had a hook on the side of her desk upon which she hung a note of things she must remember to do. Nancy had an imagina:y hook of the same kind, a sort of mental file upon which she hung each new rule of conduct as it was told her. But there was a difference. Her teacher, when she had done the duty, could remove the note, while Nancy could not take a single rule off her hook! She must keep adding and adding and adding until she wondered if in time a poor girl's brain might not burst. One day-she was nine then and David ten-she came into the kitchen with her sunbon'let hanging on the back of her neck and daubs of something, probably watermelon and dust, around her lips. She dropped, panting, into a chair. "Gracious, Nancy!" said her mother, "Where have you been?" "Over in the mustard field, playing with David." She lifted her dress and untied a wet blue cotton handkerchief which bound her knee. DI "I fell down and skinned my knee," she explained, blowing upon it to relieve the smart. "It hurt awful, but David wet his handkerchief in the ditch and wrapped it up." "Co put your stockings on," her mother ordered abruptly, "You're -too big a· girl to go barefooted any more. Nice girls don't show their knees." - "What's an old skinned knee?" was Nancy's thought. But if a girl's knee shouldn't be shown, wild horses couldn't make Nancy show hers! She searched until she found her longest pair ·of everyday stockings. A few days later .she blew into the kitchen like a gale. Sprays of yellow mustard were fastened in her dark hair and down the back of her blue gingham dress. "My goodness, Nancy!" said her mother, "You look like a wild Indian! " "I am," N?ncy replied, folding her arms and strutting. ''I'm Sitting Bull's squaw and these are my feathers. David says squaws don't wear feathers, but I wouldn't be his squaw unless I could wear them too, so he had to put them on me!" She laughed gleefully. "They stay in my dress better than they do in his suspenders! " Her mother frowned. "You stay away from the Bolton pasture after this. You're too big a girl to play there with David all this time." Nancy's eyes filled with tears. It was going to hurt to give up David and her magic playground in the pasture. But if being a nice girl demanded it, she would do it. Yes, she would· do it! But she wondered what harm her little playmate could do her. After that her skirts gradually crept down to her ankles. She remained more and more in the house when school was over, helping her mother and sewing for herself and little brother, Dan. The dimples of babyhood began to return. Mysterious curves were busily at work supplanting the old gangliness, strange new processes that at times left her flushed and tremulous. It was a painful lonely task, this becomin~ a woman. Still when she looked at herself shyly in the mirro~ she decided there were compensations. She wanted doubly to be a nice girl now. Her teacher .h:::d given her a small framed copy of Raphae: 's Madonna as a prize for perfect attendance, and she hoped that some day God might send her a baby like this picture of the Child jesus. Of course she must get married fir~t. N:ce girls never had babies before they· were married. Then it would be granted her. She d'd not know how. That was one of the things nice girls did not talk about. David was slower in maturing. When he was fifteen he announced that he was through with school and was going to work on his father's ranch. "'Dad's going to teach me at home now, out of his books," he told Nancy. "He has some bully books." Sometimes when Nancy was late getting home from hi~h school. she would take the short path across the mustard field. where she often met David as he went after the cow. Her demure ways always prompted him to mischief. Snatching her books he would dodge with them just enough to keep out of her reach, or sometimes he would take out his big knife and pretend he was going to cut off one of the little curls at the back of her neck. These strange encounters sent a strange glow through Nancy, a delightful and quite incomprehensible inner warmth; and sometimes when her eyes would meet David's her heart would give a great leap and flutter, just as when a little girl �Page twenty-one The Western Comrade she swung high in the schoolyard swing. She wondered why, One evening she was unusually late. She was hurrying through the pasture, vaguely regretful at not meeting David, when suddenly .he jumped at her from out the high yellow mustard with a ferocious "Boo 1 " Girl-like she screamed and dropped her books. He gathered them up and held them high above his head. ·~What'll you give me for them?" he teased as he backed away from her outstretched hands. "Please don't, David," she coaxed, reaching for them. "Mother'll be mad, I'm so late." He stretched his arm its utmost length. He had grqwn into a tall slender youth with a trace of dark down on his cheeks and chin. He laughed into her uplifted face. "Please, David! " she coaxed. A!~:ain that incomprehensible glow and pang! "Please David! " this time she barely whispered. It was the last thing in the world he intended doing. He let the books fall, and stooping. kissed her, an awkward experiment the first time, a finished product the next. And Nancy, with innocent girlish abandon, her soul in her lips, returned it. Picking up her scattered books he placed them in her hand$. He took her by the shoulders and shook her playfully. "There'll come a time some day," he hummed. "Now you scoot home! It's late!" Nancy fled. David took his way across the field: his face very sober for a time. Then it brightened and as he drove old Brindle through the gate and proceeded with the milking, he began to sing in a deep uncertain bass. "Dad," he said that evening as he sat in front of the fireplace with a book before him, and with his brain whirling with visions, "Nan's a peach of a girl. I'm going to marry her as soon as I'm .Qld enough." "All right, son," his father answered. "The day you're twenty-one I'm going to deed you the east ten acres, so you better begin planting it to oranges." "Oh, gee!" was all David could reply, quite overcome by so many stupendous events. As David studied the fire, his father all unbeknown, studied him. In the meantime Nancy, too, had gone home. Her mother ~colded her for being late and little Dan laughed because she put salt on her pudding instead of sugar. Nancy smiled, patted his hand, and dazedly ate the pudding. It was not until she reached her room and her e~·es fell upon the Madonna that she began to consider what she had done. Had she been nice? Had she? Never in all her life had -she felt so much like a nice girl as in that moment when she had kissed David. Sti"ll, from what she had read and heard, there was no rule on the hook-but a girl must be so carefulEyes on the Madonna, she stood and pondered. David's soft ·hum kept repeating itself over and over in her mind"There'll come a time some day." He had meant that when they were old enough they might be married. Her face brightened. lbat was it! They loved each other! And when people loved each other it was nice to kiss! Relieved, she took the Madonna from the wall, and looked deep into her eyes. They were a little alike-Nancy and the Madonna-the same oval face and eyes set wide apart. There was something she would have liked to ask the Madonna about the babx in her arms. Of course, jesus was different from earthly children. He had only a heavenly father. Perhaps- perhaps-Mary had been kissed by an angel, and in that moment of perfect joy the heavenly infant had begun to blossom within her. It was very easy tq ynclentand after all! And perhaps-perhaps-if the Holy birth took place that way, perhaps an earthly baby was born of the kiss of a man and woman who loved each other! Yes, it must be so! How simple, how natural, how beautiful it was! It would be far stranger, far more of a miracle when two souls met and united in love as she and Dav;d had done, if a little soul did not take root and begin tv grow, and make a mother and father. ButHer eyes dilated and the picture slid from her lap. But nice girls must be married before that happened! That rule had been on the hook ever since jennie Warren had drowl)ed herself and everybody had said it was a good thing she did! She had read in the newspaper of another girl who had taken poison and given her baby poison. Well, sheNancy-could'nt do that, poison her baby. She would not wait till everyone knew of her disgrace. She would pretend she fell in the reservoir. Then no one would ever know. She would do it in the morning~ She wished that she had not let the Madonna fall, for now the glass was broken. But after all it did not make any difference-the water in the reservoir was so terribly muddy at this time of the year-to think she wasn't a nice girl a,fter all-to thinkHer brain whirled on and on. "Are you sick, Nancy?" her mother asked at the breakfast table. "just a headache," she replied. "I think I'll go out and get a little fresh air." She lingered a moment, looking wistfully into the kitchen. "All right," her mother said absent-mindedly. When she reached the corner where she turned into the mustard field she began to run. Her curls neatly tied back with a brown ribbon bobbed up and down girlishly. "I must hurry or I can never do it," she kept whispering. She did not stop running until fairly in the water with the mud oozing and sucking around her shoes. She gasped when the water struck her but kept steadily on. "Nan! " There came a shout. It was David. "Nan!" he called, "Nan!" He seized her hand and jerked her back on the grass. "What's the matter? Are you crazy?" At the sight of him she. was filled with anger. "It isn't fair," she burst out, "that I have to kill myself and you don't." He stared, mouth open. "You're crazy," he said, with conviction. Her need of comfort was greater than her anger. "Oh, David! What shall I do? I can't face it! The disgrace." The boy stood, puzzled. Then light dawned in his eyes. "Why, Nan! You haven't- - Has somebody- - Why, Nan!" Then, collecting himself, "Come! We'll go to Dad. · He'll know what to do." She sobbed convulsively. "I-I wanted to be a nice girl. I tried to be." "Sure you did!_" He squeezed her hand and patted it, trying to choke back his own hurt tears. "And you are, too, the nicest girl on earth! Don't cry. F ather'll help us." But he was only sixteen, and hurt to the quick. There was something that must be explained. "Did you like that- thathim so much better than you do me?" "Him? Him?" she cried incoherently. "You are him!" He stared. It took a long time to digest this. Then he said gently, "Nan, did you think what we did .would disgrace you?" Face in her hands, she nodded. "Didn't your mother ever "tell you anything?" She shook her head. "Well, of all the- -. Say, don't you know anything?" Again she shook her head. "Well, say, Dad has a bully book. I'll get it for you to (Continued on page 31) �Page twenty-two fh e W e• t e rn C om rade ·Business Efficiency • In Written Specially For the Western Comrade. Religion By Myrtle Manana Th~se Copying Please Give Credit. - - JT is a. long way from the little copntry church where He worked in Y. M. C. A.'s and missiOns. It is true tha t the underpaid parson exhorts his flocks to be content his attention was directed solely into religious channels by the exhortation of those working in a Chicago mission, but the with their humble lot and to follow the golden rule; I_ _ it is a long way from that simple religion to the high- religious conviction had always been his, and it required but pressure, wonderfully efficient, business-m~naged, qui~k­ the crystallization of this conviction .to give strength to a results religion of William Asher Sunday, wh~ IS styled by him- resolution made then and there to abandon basebali for the pulpit. self as the "walking delegate for Jesus Chnst." And at that time he had just been offered a contract of Billy Sunday has been accused of being dishonest, of being insincere, and of using religion as merely a vehicle for his $3500 for the season! He says that when his fa mily was in own a ggrandizement and material gain. Others, those of need and he was being paid a salary of $18 a week-when religious conviction, believe that Billy Sunday is all that he it was paid a t all- he was receiving telegrams asking him to claims to be. This is not an attempt to prove either con- return to baseball at any salary he would name. At least tention . It is merely an a ttempt to show that the principles he cannot be honestly accused of insincerity in his religion . For three yea rs. 1894; 1895 and 1896, he worked with a n used in making Big Business and Big Industry can also be used to ma ke Big Religion. Also, it might be shown that the evangelist famou s at that time- J . Wilbur Chapma n. When a pplication of these same principles of efficiency might make this organization was disbanded. Sunday was asked to go to a little city in Iowa to conduct a religious revival. His efforts a Big Socialism if they were intelligently applied. . Whether Billy S unday is right or wrong, honest or dishon- were a n unbou nded success. He had at last entered o n the est. crook or inspired evangel ist, is not the point. The fact ca reer tha t has made him perhaps the most fa mous and successful of a ll eva ngelists of the day. is tha t he is getting RESULTS, and He has followed the methods of the in the philosophy of modern business old-time eva ngelists but he has imthe thing to be considered is just this EN thousand people da ily hear proved on them. Just as he was a This one magic word- RESULTS. ·good baseball player beca use he used assertion tha t he is getting results may Billy S unday in the city of his head a nd studied the game, so has be doubted, but the proof of it is that Los Angeles, California. Think of he become the world's greatest evanbusiness men o f acumen and leaders the tremendous powe r of this eva ngelist by studying his pro fession a nd of industry who measure everything getting the most out of it by putting gelist who ca n attract the attention by results a re the ones who pay the th e most into it. He has succeeded way a nd ma ke the a rrangements, a nd of entire cities for months a t a time because he has applied the rul es of you may be perfectly sure tha t they with his gospel o f orthodox Chrisefficiency to it. He has succeeded for know Mr. Sunday is able to deliver tia nityl the same reasons tha t successful busthe goods or they would not back him. iness men succeed. This does not It is the best proof of his success. Rev. Billy Sunday has systematmean that he has decended to shady William Sunday was born in Inized religious revivals, put them on tra nsactions a t all. It means that he diana in 1862, which makes him a business basis, a nd is being liberhas studied his business, lopped off fifty-five yea rs old. He does not look ally pa id for his ability. lea kages, applied the most efficient it. He is alert, clean-limbed. active. machinery of the day , advertised. sysquick, muscular, athletic. He is in tema tized., a nd put the whole thin g perfect condition. He began his It is on a sound business basis. career as a baseball player in Marshalltown, Iowa, where he journeyed when offered a job there nothing to his discredit that he has done so. It is merely one if he would make that city his place of residence and play of the secrets of his success. He is a ma n of ability who has on the baseball team. The job was not found for him as capitalized his ability. promised, but his baseball playing improved a nd he made He opened his tabe rnacle in Los Angeles recen tly. T he good at it. He eventually secured employment without the tabernacle is a huge wooden a ffa ir. built specially for the aid of those who had made him the glittering promises. purpose for which it is used. For weeks a rra ngements had Through good fortune, he came in contact with "Pop" Anson , been under way. Nothing is left to cha nce a ny more tha n a famous baseball character. and within a short time was given railroad leaves the shipping of freight to chance or the disthe opportunity to try aut with the Chicago White Sox. He patching of tra ins to good luck. t:' very move is prearra nged. made good- so good that he was one of the supreme baseball Ca reful pla nning has wrought results. stars of the day , liked by his comrades, and his services were The seating a rrangement is excellent. Trained ushers, each desired by other baseball clubs. with a small section of sea ts. place the huge audience in short Sunday was care ful, prudent, saving. He worked during time a nd without confusion. Each usher has a seat, marked the winter and saved his money. He did not drink or gamble. with a star. reserved for himself. Each usher is expected to But his was no sudden conversion to religion. From his perform certain duties a nd he does so. When it comes time earliest infancy he had been taught a sublime faith in Jesus to take up the collection, he use~ a receptacle which is always Christ. His was the religion that takes the Bible implicitly. placed near him, a nd collects from his own section of the On the diamond he played the game according to the rules great tabernacle. In just a few minutes hundreds of dollars and his own skill and judgment, but he united with this, are ta ken from the thousa nds of people who have gathered. prayers for greater success. He prayed for results and ex- There is no con fusion. The dropping of pennies a nd nickels pected them. Moreover, he expected immediate manifes- and dimes a nd quarters a nd la rger coins patters over the great tations. auditorium like the din of hail on a tin roof. In a surprisingly It was in the height of his success that he decided to aban- short time the coins have all been collected a nd have been don his career as baseball player and take up religious work. taken to the business office of the revival. ,- II T �The Western Comrade Page twenty-three Marvelously efficient is the organization throughout. When her impressions and they are told in a leading daily paper. one reaches Twelfth and Grand, the first .. thing seen is the Douglas Fairbanks, movie idol, challenges Billy Sunday to Billy Sunday Cafeteria. Just more plain commonsense. captain a l,>aseball team and Billy Sunday accepts. The proBooths purveying meals are bound to spring up about any ceeds are used to purchase sporting goods for the soldiers. great gathering of people. Why allow this profitable business Such press agent stuff has always paid big dividends. Theatrito go to unbelievers? Why have it unsystematically handled? cal stars have used it with utmost success, and one of the It is just plain commonsense to establish a cafeteria and to greatest actresses in the world is chiefly remembered by many provide what the crowds want in a cleanly and efficient man- people because an adroit press agent managed to get the ner. And that is what is done. As a business proposition, if papers filled with stories of her famous "milk baths." But it . the crowds are brought together by Sundays' organization, is legitima:te, ·and if Billy Sunday can keep his name before then this same organization should profit by whatever business the public and appeal to those who are interested in sport, he believes it is justifiable-which it undoubtedly is. enterprises are thereby created. Back of the pulpit, which is an ample platform to allow The slang that is a part of Sunday's talk is just the slang free range for the athletic gesturing that goes with the Billy tqat the average man uses. Here is another evidence of the Sunday speeches, is a huge choir of thousands of trained commonsense and business ability of the man. He is using in · voices. A special section is set aside for ministers, and on the religion the words and phrases that the people he is appealing opposite side of the stage or pulpit is another section for the to use in their daily lives. Billy Sunday believes in big business and all other kinds of members of the press. Homer Rodeheaver, leader of the choir, and organizer of business. Why shouldn't he? It is business that has made rare ability, takes charge of the musical part of the work. He his work successful. We are all economically determined in is a trombone player. He is a rough and ready talker who most things, whether we wish to be or not, and our sincerest takes the a udience into his confidence, speaks on the spur of conviction and the things we honestly do are usually tracethe moment, appa rently, and pits section against section of able to things economic. the huge auditorium crowd in a sort of Billy Sunday believes the world is singing contest, stirring up the curious, engaged in ·a righteous war. He has awakening the laggards. First the nothing good to say of the Germans, great choir sings the song. Then the and nothing evil to say of the Allies. BILLY SUNDAY is a power! outside sections along the left sing one He urges men to go into the trenches Whether you believe in him or verse. This is repeated by the sections and light. There is no· doubt that he not, there is little doubt that he is along the right; then by the las~ ten honestly believes that he is doing right. rows and those standing in the rear ; Sunday has even announced that he perfectly sincere. Billy Sunday is lastly by those in the middle. It is a is seriously considering going to a man who is able to arouse ingood way of introducing the element France to conduct religious work of contest. It is just subtle efficiency. there. Those who sneer at Sunday terest in religion when the tendency Song books are sold, so that all may believe this is merely more press agent of the day is quite the other way. sing. The audiences are told repeatstuff; those ..-b believe in Sunday Business principles and modern edly not to move about, and during cannot be convinced that he does not one intermission a re admonished to mean to do so. efficiency have been applied to remake themselves comfortable that they He is bitter in his denunciation of ligious proselyting and they have will be able to remain quiet during Mr. those he terms "traitors" and makes Sunday's talk. some extreme statements regarding the won results. It might be remarked that there are proximity of lamp posts and the uses no disturbances during the Billy Sunof ropes about necks and attached to day meetings. During twenty years in the lamp posts. It is the logical poswhich he has studied his calling as a business is studied, ways ition for Sunday to. assume, for as an admirer of Big Business have been found to prevent such things without f.riction. he could not do otherwise than to uphold the position that the newspapers, Big Business, and the magazines of the country USING THE PRESS have taken. That he accuses those who believe (.h ere are methods other than those of war of settling difficulties, of being One of the secrets of success- if it can be referred to as traitors; and that he is somewhat ambiguous in his gathering a secret-is the extensive advertising. Nothing is left undone together of pacificists, slackers, Germans, and others and classthat can direct attention, in a quiet, dignified manner, to the ifying all of them as Htraitors" is not to be wondered at, for his Billy Sunday revival. The newspapers without exception is not the type of mind that analyzes. It is more in his line grant columns to Billy Sunday, even running huge heads to vigorously denounce than to meditate carefully. across seven or eight columns. He is pictured in every conHe has made nearly half a million converts. Many have ceivable pose. Hundreds of dollars worth of advertising space back-slidden, of course, but if he is able to arouse the feelings is given to the William Sunday propaganda. It is not graft. of the people as he is doing; if he is able to become, even It is business. The revival of religion as conducted by the temporarily, a power in Los Angeles and in other cities; if he Sunday organization is on a business basis, and the channels is able by his powerful personality, by his organization, and by which private business is expanded are used to expand the the presti.ge he has established and the press that multiplies by business of saving souls as conducted by Sunday. thousands the numbers who are reached by every word he Press agents and reporters write columns of Impressionistic utters, to influence so many people, then he is able to influence matter that, whatever may be the opinions of the unbelievers, tens of thousands. If his influence is thrown out to that many gets before thousands of persons daily and undoubtedly stands in his tirades against booze, then he will be a powerful factor the test of getting results, else it would not be continued. in the ever-recurring wet and dry elections in California. If Neither are the methods of the genuine press agent- over- his influence is used to back the vigorous prosecution of the looked. Billy Sunday meets the stars of the motion picture wat in which we are now taking ·so prominent a part, then he world and this is duly chronicled. Mary Pickford writes of is one of the most powerful agents at work for the Alii~~. �Tl,. Co-o;erath-e Commonwealt. Decentralization of InduStries The Western Comrade By Clinton Bancr~ft Written Specially For the Western Comrade. Those Copying. Please Give Credit. N POR, a writer of international reputation, in an rticle published some years ago in "Wilshire's Magzine" showing how "Italian workmen beat the glass trust," said: "We are hypnotized by the formidable proportions of the trusts; they inspire us with awe, and somehow we feel unable to say how we shall proceed to a direct and practical attack upon these fortresses of capitalism. How will Socialism manage to expropriate, keep up and perfect these tremendous organizations? This is the most vital problem before us; all others are conditioned by it, and are therefore of secondary importance." Modern dictionaries define "ism" as "a doctrine or system; a suffix used to denote condition." Socialism then is ·not a cause but will be a result, a condition of society existing at some time in the future by virtue of certain industrial, political and social development. It is imminent rather than transcendental. It is not a power that can effect the expropriation of trust-controlled industries (tremendous organizations) at the dictum of a political party. That great work will be accomplished before Socialism becomes the common order of the day, and the doing of it will establish a new social order or condition--Socialism. Such result may be effected largely through political action, no doubt of that, but that does not alter the truth of the statement. The political function 'of society is only one of many powers that will be called into action in effecting the transition from private to public ownership of large labor-employing industries, and it will not necessarily be the first. Educational and industrial organization will precede and clear the way for the free exercise of the lawmaking powers of the people by the people. Today their lawmaking powers are largely suppressed and practically thwarted by tradition and blind confidence in, and absolute surrender to, irresponsible political masters. The Co-operative Commonwealth (the Socialist ideal) will be an industrial organization taking its place and performing its functions under capitalism for the very sufficient reason there is no other place in which is can be developed or established. And when the four social functions, educational, industrial, political and exchange, begin working together in production and distribution, there may then be witnessed the birth of a new system of government operated and controlled by the workers which will destroy the paralyzing power of parasitic capital and displace by natural process a decadent political system usurped and operated and controlled by the exploiters of labor. And when the workers shall thus have gained complete control of production and distribution, of banking and exchange, and of the channels of education and information and fixed their status firmly and permanently through political action, when liberty, fraternity and equality regulate all the industrial relations of men; the condition then existing will be called Socialism. The expropriation of these powerful organizations, which Odon Por says, "inspire us with awe," will be effected largely by the process of decentralization of such trust-controlled industries as one by one come into. contact and competition with organized co-operative industries; or, to be more explicit, instead of expending their energies to determine "how we shall proceed to a direct and practical attack upon these fortresses of capitalism," the first task of the industrial co-operators should be to acquire ownership and control of small industries: (a) Those which may be operated with the •implest and most easily constructed machinery. (b) Those wh~ch are patronized largely · by the working class. (c) Tllose in which under capitalism large numbers of unskilled, low paid, drudging workers are employed. (d) Those, the product of which from its nature and purpose becomes the "raw material" of a more highly organized and specialized industry operating more intricate a:nd expensive machinery and yet absolutely dependent upon such so-called "raw material." (e) Those in which the disemployed victims of private ownership may be guaranteed a respectable and comfortable maintenance employment at all times. Instead of reaching out in a vain effort to pull down a wrongly built structure which "inspires us with awe," industrial Socialists should direct theo!ir energies wholly to the work of building up within the old state of capitalism a state founded upon their declared principles of social economy and justice to labor. Capitalism has usurped the powers and functions of the p'eople's government and appears to be a mighty, impregnable structure of "formidable proportions"; but when the workers control the use of their own money through a system of cooperative banking and exchange, when they organize production and distribution of many of the necessaries of life under their own control, when the forces of industrial revolution pledge their patronage to their own co-operative institutions, and capital-ownership in that degree gradually loses the support of the wage-profit system, it will be found to be not so mighty and impregnable. There are very many industries which might be organized and operated by the co-operative workers now. Then why wait year after year for political power so doubtful of acquiring for this purpose and, as yet, so disappointing when acqulred? The day has not yet come when capitalism may be dethroned by the political Socialists by party resolution. When the time comes, these apparently formidable combinations no longer supported by an adequate supply of labor, deprived of a patronage already discounted and over-capitalized, and undermined by co-operative industrial organization and its lawful competition will gradually relinquish their control; not everywhere and all at once will this be effected, but one by one, here and there, their industries failing to return the dividends for wh=.ch they operate them will close down and be absorbed by the Co-operative Commonwealth. The process of decentralization of trust-controlled and menopolized industries has already begun in a somewhat vague, and unrecognized way; that is, it was not begun with that purpose clearly in view, nevertheless, is has begun and is making some progress; and private ownership in its greed for profit is helping it along to its own undoing, althou2:h capital's part in the process has not yet attracted the attention of its economists to the danger which threatens parasitic capital should decentrallzation of monopolized industries and elimina tion of dividends from the present profit system become an organized and supervised national movement. Industrial monopoly in its mad race and lust for power and mastership will gradually lose its grasp upon those industries over which the co-operative workers determine to acquire control. Logically therefore, it Is not the "formidable trusts and fortresses of capitalism," but the smaller 9nd weaker industries producing · the immediate necessaries of hfe and the "raw material" upon which the manufacturing trusts depend. against which a "direct and practical attack" should be waged by the co-operative workers of the world. �Page twenty-6ve The Western Comrade Successful C. alifornia .Co-operatives Written Specially For the Western Comrade. Those Copying Please Give Credit. THE CALIFORNIA WALNUT GROWERS' ASSOCIATION By T c. Thorpe , Manager 1 HE walnut industry i_n California gained commercial prominence about the year 1893. For several years thereafter the growers through lack of organization were at the mercy of a few large buyers whose operations were quite speculative, and whose interest, of course~ was to ~eat down the market to the producer and advance· 1t all posstble to the consumer. Many of the wholesale dealers made treme~s sums from their walnul operations. During this stage of the industry the business became so profitable to the producer that it was a mooted question as to whether the speculators would ·be eliminated or the walnut growers uprooted. About the year 1900 several local co-operative associations were formed by walnut growers in different districts of Southern California. These local organizations proved of benefit to the industry to some extent but were still far from solving the walnut growers' problems, as the local associations still dealt with the large private walnut dealers in the marketing of their product. It was not until four years ago that the California Walnut Growers' Association was formed as a co-operative marketing organization for the fifteen local walnut growers associations then in existence. Plans were then promptly perfected for marketing the greatly increasing California walnut crop by the California Walnut Growers' Association direct to the wholesale grocery trade, thus eliminating the handsome profits which the several unnecessary middlemen had been leeching from the growers. Since this central marketing agency has been established the selling expenses have been cut in half, and more satisfactory relations established between the buyer and seller. In 1916 twenty-two hundred four growers were members of the Association and in that year it shipped 17,655.000 pounds of walnuts, the proc.eeds from sales being nearly three million dollars. The walnuts were marke ted according to grades at prices ranging from 12l/zc to 19c, nearly twice as much as had been received in the early stages of the industry when the crops had been marketed by private concerns, and this great benefit to the industry has been accomplished without materially raising the price to the consumer, for the consumers' price for first class walnuts is now about the same as it was ten or even fifteen years ago. The Association has enlarged its market by judicious advertising and sells a large part of its product in bright clea n cartons, thus assuring the consumer of a choice unmixed article, a method of packing never before used by commercial shippers. Co-operation rescued the industry, gave the . producer the full value of his product, injured nobody, and helped everybody. THE CALIFORNIA ALMOND GROWERS' EXCHANGE By T Geo. w. Pierce, President. HE California Almond Grower's Exchange was organized in the spring of 1910 as a non-profit co-operative association. its purpose was to market the almonds of its members at cost, maintain prices, attain just and equitable freight rates and widen the market demand for almonds.. Today the Exchange can trulhfully say that all this has been accomplished--and through co-operation. Starting business with a borrowed capital of $1000, the organization today has a number of investments aggregating $100,000, does not owe a single dollar, and its credit is in the first class. It is composed of twenty-one sub-associations, representing on june 1st, .1917, 1352 growers, controlling approximately three- · fourths of the crop. The Exchange is represented by brokers in every important market of the United States, and is also represented in England and Canada. Its largest single sale has been about $50,000, and the largest amount sold to one customer in one season is . over $1 00,000. The Exchange has its motto: "Modern civilization is based upon confidence and co-operation. Confidence is the foundation upon which all modern business rests; co-operation, the keystone that unites the. separate units and gives strength to the .whole structure. The progress and advancement of a ce-rtain a rticle, together with its trade p-restige or superiorities, are usually found in exactly that degree that its producers may have co-operated to that end." ---o---:THE CALIFORNIA PEACH GROWERS. INC. By F F. H. Wi I son. Presi9.ent OR years the peach growers of the San joaquin Valley were forced to sell their product below cos\ At the same time, speculators were receiving la rge undeserved profits. Ruin stared the dried and canned-peach industry in the face. In january, 1916, the growers co-operated to form the California Peach Growers, Inc., opening the head office in Fresno. Nearly a million dollars were subscribed by growers and business men to launch the new organization, and business began on a permanent basis May I st. 1916. The result? Six thousand growers are members of the organization and are receiving satisfactory living prices for their product. The producers are receiving the benefit of a market widened by increased consumption, created by a systematized selling campaign. Consumers are buying peaches of better and more standardized quality at no greater cost, and are being educated to a realization of the food value and wholesome characte-r of evaporated peaches. The growers direct the sale of practically the entire dried peach crop of the · state, handling over 25,000 tons. WHY C O-OPERATION? T H12RE are, perhaps, more farmers' co-operatives in the state of. California than ~here are in ~ny other state !n the Umon. The Agranan co-operative movement In California numbers some of the most powerful and influential organizations in the · world. Among these are· the California Associated Raisin Company, the California Walnut Growers' Association, the California Almond Growers' Association, the California Peach Growers, the California Fruit Exchange, the Mutu~l Fruit Distributors, the Tulare Poultry Association, and others. The development of these co-operative organizations has been a result almost invariably of the necessity for protection from the miserable exploitation of the farmer in the market. Conditions among California farmers became so unbearable a few years ago that it soon became a question as to whether the farmers should hang together or hang sep(Continued on Page 31) �T h e . We s Page twenty-six I e r n Co m ; ·a de Co-operation the World Over Notes About the Chief .Co~operative~ Gleaned from Many Sources New • Baden Co-operative Society The New Baden Co-operative Socie"fy was started by the United Mine Workers local members, Union No. 297. After a few meetings were held and co-operatio.n thoroughly discussed, abo ut thi rteen members signed up for $25 each. It took but a short time when sixty-six members had subscribed, that being our presen1 membership, . Other me rcha~l s in town give lwo per cent on all cash purchases. The Shareholders o[ this society receive five per cenl in .dividends; thus saving three per cenl on all money spent for daily necessities in three months. The society is composed of mine's mostly, although doctors, saloon men and teachers arc also present stockholders. Co-opera tion is mostly beneficial lo the working class whose wages have nol been advanced according lo the p resent high cost of living standards. Eve ry time the work ingman gels a ten per cent raise the cost of living goes up lwenly lo thirty per ccnl. The advantages of the workingman under co·o pcratio n arc numerous . To have a part ownership in ;in ins titutio n and to have some vo ice in its managemen t gives him a feeling o f sec urity tha t is ne ve r experienced when he buys fro m stores in w hich he has no pc1sonal interest. This feeling can besl be described . as the sa tisfac tion o f owne rship. Imagine the prices th at might be c harged by pri vate concerns selling postage stamps as a result of the wa r if the posto ffice were no t owned by the people ! Co-operation is the economic organization of the people and does away wi th competition. Beginning with the sto re, the co -opera ti ve movement will spread until it erribraces every department of in - dustrial acli vily.- Edward Kitsch, Manage r. T h e N e e d o f · C o-o p e r a t i o n " i\1 present in the United Stales the mercantile spirit, or mercantilism, has obtained a dangerously dominant position. Ex-president Wh11e, of Cornell Uni versity, has called allcnlion lo this as an ev1l wh1ch threatens our fu tu re. The program of co-operation as laid down ~ffo rds an ~scape from this danger. It offers a field for the highest Ia lenI m the pubhc service and al ihe same lime leaves a vasl field open for the free play of mdividualism, but thai does nol mean isolation. Isolation is barbarism. Co-operalion seeks the highest perfec tion of all our faculties tha i we may wo rk with and through others for the good of all. . . "No one sho uld. howe ve r, venture to begin any co-operat 1ve e nterpnse w ithout the assistance of some person of practical .b usiness capacity . It requires ca re , prudence, foresight and self-sacrific~ to make a begin.ning . 13y all means should prospecti ve co-opera to rs gam from the expen ence of others so as lo prof11 by their mistakes.''- Dr. Richard T. Ely. Twin S i sters .. Every article used or consumed by man can now be obtained in Eng· land and Scotland on the co-operative principle.- E. M. Tousley. ... .The ~ode'm bakery of the Co-operaliv~ Vooruit in Belgium sends oul I 00,000 loaves of bread an~ m1lhons of b1scuits every week. Seventy bakers and twenty bread deliverers a re engaged in the wo rk of makmg and distributing the bread. What to Re a d on Co-operation GENERAL.--"Co-operation at Home and A)m~ad," C. R. Fay, (Macmillan, 1908). "Co-operation" J. Clayton (Dodge, The Peoples Books). "Les Societes Co-operatives de Consomma lion," Charles Gide, (Recueil Sircy, 1917, Paris) . ENGLAND.- "The Co-operative Movement in Great Britain" Beatrice Potter( Mrs. Sidney Webb), (Swan, ~onnenschein, London, l904) . " Industrial Co-operation" Catherine Webb (Co-operative Union, Manchester) . 'The Co-operative Movement. Today" G. J . Holyoake (Unwin, London, 1908). UNITED STATES.- "Co-operalion in the United States," C. W. Perky, (Co-operative League of. America, New Yo rk, 1917). " Co-operation in New England" James Ford (Survey Associa tes, New York, 191 3) . AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATION.-"Co-operation . in Agricultu re," H. W. Wolff (London, 1912). "Co-operation in Agricultu re U. S.), G. H. Powell (Macmillan, 1913). W a r Bo om s C o-o p e r a t o n Co-operative stores have a new chance in this country, thanks lo the food conlro) legislation and the sha rp demands of the small consumers that this law be made lo serve their needs. The wholesale grocers and butchers will no longer be permilled lo shut oil supplies from the small co-operative store. This makes a change in .the conditions of success for consumers' co- operati ve enterprises, which may mean brilliant success for thousands of groups of wo rki ng class buyers, where, up lo this lime, failure was the usual portion. Carl Vrooman, assistant secretary of agriculture, and an ardent advocate of the " community store" idea, is said to be responsible for the making of this pledge lo Herbert Hoover, food administrator. Vrooman hns made some sharp a ttacks on the food profiteers in the re tail business, and since his entrance into the figh t the word has gone fo rth from Hoover's office that the wholesaler who atlempls to shut oil goods from a co-operative group will be given severe lrealmenl. Discrimination of this so rl was the cause of the fail ure of the Civil Service co-operative concern in New York some years ago, wholesalers announcing that they were unable lo supply it with groceries, meals, bread, "I say thai every trade unionist who knows thai under the present conditions his life is one lono slruoole until the period of universal and industrial peace prevails, sh;uld ,;,~ember the possibilities of having to live · etc .. "because of complaints from o the r c ustome rs." The co-operative might possibly have invoked the anli,1rusl law and fo r w eeks witho ut the. accustomed wuge, and the co-opera tive system IS spent all its funds on lawyers, but it realized tha i it was up against a the only one I know thai will enable him in so simple manner lo provide hopeless struggle. against such a condition of things. That is why I say _that trade- umomsts The same story is told of thousands of other simila r a llempls in every should by all means join the co-operative stores. It 1s no t necessary for your trade union leaders. lo tell you lo co-operate. Go ahead and do 11 pari of the country: Small merchants and their bankers everywhere comfor yourselves. We find members of trade ·unions, conspicuous men in the bined to choke oil the supplies of goods by which the co-operative store unions, equally conspicuous in the co-operative world, because they rec - . lives, and without which it musl die. ognizc the fac t th at co-ope ration anJ trade unionism are twin siste rs."Now along comes the threa tened famine in the whole wo rld. Food must be saved, and the cosl of food musl be reduced everywhere and by every [. F. Forrest, M. A., England. means. True, the Hoover o rganiza tion has avoided saying anything for the co-operative system which has done so much for the masses in Europe Co-operative Expe rienc e in past years. The food administra tion has no legal authority to send oul men to organize people into co-operative societies. But at leas t it has Twenty-eight poor weavers of Rochdale, England, in the year !884, the power lo prevent restraint of trade in food, and it can, by a mere conceived the idea of reducing the cost of living, because they had failed word, safeguard the co-operative stores of the whole country from the to increase the ir scanty income in a previous strike, by agreeing to conlong-accustomed. persecc ..ms of the capitalist competitors, the wholesalers tribute two-pence a week toward a common fund with which to co-opand the banks. Hoover has given assurance that co-operatives shall be eratively buy the necessaries of life. This was the origin of what has protected in the right to buy food as freely as are ordinary privately since come lo be known as the world famous "Rochdale" plan of the people owning their own stores. owned stores. If Hoover reduces the ~etail price of foods sufficiently at the corner From this humble beginning the movement has spread and grown imgroceries of America, the co-operative movement will move slowly for a mensely popular, until at the present time in Europe alone, there are 20,000 societies with an annual turn-over of goods amounting to over while, but if he fails to bring down low prices, then there may come a ·$700,000,000, with a net profit of over $75,000,000, besides 'two of the real stampede of the small buyer to get into the groups thai can buy in largesl wli:olesale mercantile eslablishinents in the world, on this plan of large amounts, handle without a big overhead charge, and build up the credit of the buyer as they go along. This will mark an entering wedge equitably distributing the earnings of this vast amount of business among 7,000,000 members and their families who create it by their trade. into the era of large-scale co-operation.-New York Call. �Page twenty-seven The Western Comrade • News and Views In .Agriculture Bermuda · Gras Bermuda grass is the most important perennial grass in the Southern Stales. It was introduced into the United States at least as early as 1806. Besides the common Bermuda grass, there are several varieties; the most important of which are the Giant, characterized by a very large growth, and St. Lucie grass, similar to ordinary Bermuda grass, but lacking underground rootstocks. Bermuda grass grows well mixed with lespedeza for a summer. crop. Bur clover, black inedic, and hairy vetch as winter crops alternate well with it. The best Bermuda grass pastures of the South wilL usually carry two head of cattle per acre for eight months ·of the year. On poor soils the carrying capacity is no t more than one cow per acre. On rich bottom larnl Bermuda grass grows tall enough to cut for hay. Under exceptional circumstances three or more cullings may be secured in a season, giving to tal yielc)s of from 6 to I0 Ions of hay per acre. It will grow well on soils so alkaline that most other field crops, as well as f ruils, will fail. The feeding value of Bermuda grass hay compares closely with that of timothy hay. Bermuda grass frequently is used to bind levees and to prevent hillsides from washing. The grass usually ·can be eradicated by growing two smother c rops. a winte r one of oats or rye, fo llowed by a summer crop of cowpeas or velvet beans.- Farmers Bulletin. Boll-Weevil Control There is no cure-all or ''easy way' ' to control boll-weevils. Only a combination of measures. or an anti-boll-weevil system of farming, prac- ticed the yea r round, will enable farmers to produce the most profitable crops of colton under weevil conditions. Reporting studies of the habits and control of this pest covering many years of experimentation, W. D. Hunter, a specialis t in the Bureau of Entomology. United Stales Department of Agriculture, in Farmers' Bulletin 848, "The Boll-Weevil Problem," describes this control system. It contains the formula for growing larger war crops of collon.- U. S. Department of Agriculture. Selection of Seed-Corn If you have ever been caught in the spring without a supply of corn that was fit for seed, do not ·be caught . that way again . The best insurance is to gather your own seed a t ripening time this fall when the best quality is most plentiful. Pick the seed by hand in the field, says the U. S. Department of Agricultu re .. from the most productive stalks. An car on the stalk is worth a dozen from the bin when it comes to selecting seed corn. On a productive stalk you know its parentage; from the bin it may look good but be a worthless mongrel as far as seed value is conccr·ned. Sweet Clover The cultivation of sweet clover should be preceded by a thorough knn~ ledge of the requirements for obtaining a stand. The white species comprises a very large percentage of the present ~ acreage of sweel clover. Annual yellow sweet clover should be sown in no portion of the United Stales except the South and Southwest, and then only as a cover h is very essential that inoculation be provided in some fo~ if success is to be expected. ·' The large number of failur~s in obtaining a stand of sweet clover are . due primarily to acid soils, laJ:k of inoculation, and seed which germinates poorly. . . _ Sptjng seedings in general are satisfactory, but in the South excellent stands · are obtained from midwinter seeding• also. , Fall seeding• are usually suc.cessful south of the latitude of southern Ohio.- Ohio· Agricultural Experiment Station. Fighting Cattle Tick have lived for several years in the country badly infested with ticks' and have succeeded in keeping my cattle comparatively free from them. There are three things which I have found very helpful. The first is sulphur. When I notice that the ticks are getting on my cows, I give them a teaspoonful ot sulphur in their feed once a week. I do this in fair weather. I have been iold that oulphur should not be fed to cows in rainy weather and I have never lried it. I find that a flock of poultry will destroy a great many ticks. Encourage the cattle to lie about where the chickens run. Always let the poultry out in the mo rning before the cattle leave for the pasture. Some hens will go where the cattle are lying down and look them over as if determined to have every tick in sight. Changing pastures is the third. The ticks will sta rve and die in a few months if there are no cattle for them to work on. I turned my cattle into a pasture .where there had been no cattle the year before, and for a long time there would be only occasional ticks on them. Of course, I could never keep them entirely free from the ticks as there were always other cattle just acroos the fence that had ticks-some animals fairly loaded with them.-Alvin G. Fellows, Texas, in Farm Journal. St orin g Sweet Potatoes Every potato grower and every municipality interested in the problem of storing our war crops of white and sweet potatoes 'should write to the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., for the following free publications: Farmers' Bulletin 852, "Management of Common Storage Houses for Apples in the Pacific Northwest"; Farmers' Bulletin 847- just published" Potato Storase and Storage Houses." Also write to the Agricultural Extension Service, Raleigh, North Carolina, for a copy of Extension Circular No. 30, "Storage of Sweet Po tatoes." To Assist Bur ea u of Markets The Secretary of Agriculture has secured the serviceo, for a temporary period, of Prof. William F. Gephart, of Washington University, and Prof. Charleo S. Po tts, of the UniYersity of T exao. They will assist the Bureau of Markets in a ttacking problems affecting the handling and distribution of agricultural food supplies. Dr. Gephart is dean of the college of commerce and finance of Wash'ington University, and has served ao profesoor of economics of the Ohio State University and of Washington University for several yea,rs. · H~ made a lifelong study of p roblems affecting the handling and diotri6iillon of agricultural products, and is the author of several publications on economic subjects. Prof. Potts is assistant dean of the law school and professor of government at the University of Texas, and has published much material relative to economics and sociology. or green manure crop. Sweet clover is being cultivated in practically every State in the Union. 1\t the present time the large•! acreage is found in the western NorthCentral States and in the Mountain States. Sweet clover is adapted to a wider range of climate conditions than •ny of the true clovers, and possibly alfalfa. Sweet clover will grow on practically all soil types to be found in this country, provided the soil is not acid and is well innoculated. Sweet clover is more drought resistant than alfalfa or red clover. It is quite resistant to alkali. The lime requ:rement of sweet clover is as high as that of red clover or alfalfa. Maximum growth is obtained only on soils that are not acid. Sweet clover uoually will respond to applications of fertilizers and manure. In the more humid sections of the country good stands usually are obtained by seeding with a nurse crop. Only seed which germinate• 75 per cent or more should be oown in the spring of the year unleso the ·rate of seedlings is increased to make up for poor germination. Sweet clover doe• best when seeded on a well-firmed seed bed which has only sufficient loose soil on the surface to cover the seed. Alf a lfa tn a Peach Orchard A new J ersey peach grower asks our opinion of alfalfa as a cover crop among peaches. Few peach growers advocate its uoe. Peach. trees, above all other kinds of fruit, appreciate clean cultivation. In many cases the most economical way of building up the fertility of land in a young peach orcha rd is to plan t annual cover crops in midsummer following clean cultiva tion in the spring. On land that is already in a fairly good state of fertility a cheap way of developing a peach orchard is to grow cultivated crops between the rows for oeveral years or until the trees need all the space.- U. S. Dept. Agriculture. ••• • Sod land to be used for corn next year should be plowed immediately after haying and cultivated deeply the rest of the summer lo reduce the number of wireworms. • • • Arsenate of lime may be useq in place of the more expensive arsenate of lead, but should not be used on plants with delicate foliage, sucq as otone fruito. .. �Page twenty-eight Thc\Vcstern -Reviews of Recent Readable Books • "The Day of Wisdom" by Mrs. L D. Balliett. Mrs. L D. Ballie;l, principle of the School of Psychology and Physical Culture of Private Pupils, of Atlantic City, New Jersey, adds to her laurels in her latest book "The Day of Wisdom According to Number Vibration_" This book is the result of the author's concentrated and independent thought put into action through scientific number vibratiort. This science is based on the system of numbers and letJers as taught by Pythagoras. Mrs. Balliett has taken the lead among American students in this inte resting realm of research and published a number of books which have had a wide sale in this country and in Europe. Teachers all over the country use her" text books. The aim of the present volume is to explain ••the cause of why so many earnest souls, many who endeavor by so-called 'right thinking' find themselves filled with unrest and failure. Much of the fault lies in the lack of conscious connection with nature-wi th that force thai was present and assisted al their birth and through its power made for them the tie to Nature" s realm. This birth force returns about three times each month and these are the days of wisdom-they show the natural plan of life made plain a nd simple." It was through Dr. ·Walter J. Mitchell and Dr. G. W. Hess of Los Angeles that my attention was c~lled to the science of vibrations. My studies have thus far led me only into the edge of the subject, but the glimpse By o_ Comrade Bobspa Fatherland," "Th~ Origin .and Meaning of the War," "Onward, .lo Democracy.•• · Herman Fernau is opposed lo the materialistic conception of history and accounts for the war_on other theories. (E. P. Dullon & Co., New York). "My Wife" by Edward Burke . Edward Burke is h·ailed as a funny man in his new book "My Wife.'" ll-.e publishers are responsible for the assertion that Mr_ Burke writes "in manner that suggests Jerome K. Jerome, but with more refined and subtle humor.'' Personally, I wouldn' t consider that much of a recommendation, for I know of no professional humorist more uninteresting and tiresome :haa Jerome K. Jerome. Burke does bear some resemblance in his output. "My "Wife" is the small boy type of humor, and lo an age which lauds Charlie Chaplin and buys more of Ha rold Bell Wright's books than those of any other author in America this effusion of poor taste may be popular. Haven"t you heard with disgust so many married Couples coming into a group and begin a raillery that smacks too much of reality- references to personal defects and eccentricities beller left untouched? That is how I fed about "My Wife.'" The book is tiresome--to me. Maybe it won't be lo you. Besides it seems that Mr. Burke realizes all the way through tha t he is a humorist. (E. P . Dullon & Co .. No;,. York)." caught is suffic ient to demonslral<' that a great fundamental t ruth is em- bodied in the ideas sci forth by its teachers. Mrs. Balliett's book is the mo•l thorough I h a ve found on the subject, and a careful study of its "Newsboy Servict;" by Mrs. Anna Y. Reed p:1ges will disa rm the skeptic ism that is so n atural in the present s tage How does the newsboy's work affect his progress in school ? What effect does it have on his morals and with his ideas of right and wrong? Does starling as a newsboy help or hi~der a young American in his future business career? These are a few of the questions Mr;. Anna Y. Reed has amwered in " Newsboy Service," the first study in vocalional and educa· tiona! guidance lo be mdde under the Smith-Hughes acl, passed in February, 1917. Mrs. Reed studied her subject at f~rsl hand among the newsboys of Seallle, and the result of her investigations is a model conlriLulion to the literature of practical sociology. ·n-.e book is primarily for supcrilendents and teachers of schools and members of boards of edu calion. but it is >O lull of hurr.an interest thai genora l readers will find of thinking of mosl men and women. ""You can prove lo your satisfaction the basic principles of the One Source of all colors, sounds, and all things the eye sees, the ear hears, and the desire of the heart longs for by the analysis of its mental structure," s.1ys the preface. "Each separate thing will speak lo you and tell you its •ucssagc if you will learn its uni vt- rsal language." The sul>jecl IS a Jeep one thai will require study of more than a 5upcrfa..::ial sort. way of lift:. fo llow. But Wl' should not neglect these signpos ts on the hi gh Pioneers havt gone before, blazing the way .for us to The wo rld tre111l>les in the throes of a new awakenmg to old truths that hav t' bet'n obscured in th e maze uf "civilization .. and lost an the unbalanced dt.·veloprnent of intellectuality. lt is now our duty to become Labes in reseaa·h- - anJ this lht' world toJay is doing- the most wondrous epoch in his tory, - and one full of significance to those attuned to t;a tch its message. "The Day of Wisdom" is a kry to much that is t ranspiring on this little old planet in th is Jay of rt·gent"ra tion . au - -(Sold l>y I he autho r. A tlantic Ci1y. N. J.) it well worth readmg. Many will gain from ih pages for the f~rsl time a definite idea of the 1ddt ivc imJX>rlance of a vocational progress wi ll welcome the appearanctol this intensive •tudy. Best of all. resulls good for the boys <onJ for schools of the whole country are bounJ lo follow its publication. The1c is a p refa tory nole by W. Carson Rydn, Jr., edito r United Stales BuredU of Educatio.n. (World Book Co., New York.) "The Coming Democracy" by Herman Fernau. "The Hc:H: 's Kingdom" by Marie Thompson Davies If I were in Germany wi th my library I would be shot for treason, because I h appen lo possess a significant little book " Because I am a German," wrillen by Herman Fernau of Germany. The . consctence of Germany found a voice in Mr. Fernau. The book was a d~rect allack on Prussianism. Within three weeks after publication in Germany every copy of the work was conEscaled by the police, and today, the possession ol a copy is punishable by death. · . . A second book has been wrillen from the stronghold of Sw1lzerland s neutrality . . A German edition of this volume "The Comi~g Democracy," was published in Berne and shortly after an Amencan ed111on brought_ oul. "Ihe author says: "What does this book conlam? It conlams a demand for reforms which in all the civilized countries of the world have for de~ades pasl appeared lo the dullest peasant an understood thing. . In facl, what I he re demand for Germany has been possessed by the Engl ..h, Frcncl>, Americans, and Swiss for the pasl 150 years . - . Onward lo democracy! ThiS w1ll and musl tomorrow be the Ualllecry of Eu1opc ID general and of Germany m particular. . Away from BISmarck. Germany for the Germans!" Again: " Let us take up again the threads of classic German~m. Let us remember our intellectual heroes of the age of Schiller and Go ,.,•• of our democratic na tional poets of the 'forties of the last century.' Only with their help, and only in their spirit, can the German problem be finally solved to the blessing of Germany and the world. "Let us break with the development of the lasl century. The world war signifies the collapse of a system and a spirit of culture that were thoroughly un-German, that is, 1horoughly Prussian. Let us join hands with the other civilized nations of the world as peaceable, equally privileged and equally efficient laborers in the tield of culture." The main general problems dealt with in "The Coming Democracy" are : "Some Problems for the Future German Historiaiu," " On Dynasties in General and the German Imperial Constitution in Particular," "The Basis of '.he Dynamic Power," ---n-.e Principles of German Policy," "The German Dynasty and the German Not_ion of Culture," " The German's 'The Heart's Kingdom" brings 1\iaric Thompson Davies before us again, with a tale more entrancing even than "Daredevil." She has interpreted 1he awakening spiritual development of the world in a novel that abounds in life. There is a warm sponta neous sprinkling of humor in every chapter. It is unstudied and nalura_l. The whole book is natural. I wish Miss Davies would wri te anothe r novel, now, telling of the bigger spiritual unfoldment that is going io b;eak ou :side the narrow confines of Christianity Into the spirit of Humanism. But with the characters she selected she couldn't handle them any o ther way. They are "getting warm'.' but the goal .is still ahead of them. (Reilly and Briton, Chicago.) "Jean Jaures : Socialist· and Humanitarian" by Margaret Pease "jean Jaures : Socialist and Humanitarian," is a splendid little book by Margaret Pease, with an int roduction by J. Ramsey Macdonald of the British parliament. We are pleased lo welcome this tribute to the fi rst manyr of the world murder-fest, the Lincoln type of French hero who has been justly called "the grea test democ ratic personal force in Europe-even in the world." lbe author deals wi th "A Short Sketch of the Man and llis Career," "Socialism," "Jaure< and the Dreyfus Case," "Socialist Methods," "The New Army," "International Peace." lbe book is not designed as an exhaustive study of the great Frenchman, but "its object is merely lo give English readers some acquaintance with thai force, at once harmonizing and progressive, that was in Jaures, and so h~lp lo preserve his inHuence from being lost."" Here is a tribute to the man : " Jaures beyond and above all men stood for freedom, the freedom of the unprivileged, the freedom of all men. He stood for the whole nation against ·a class, and for the whole humanity against predomina'.ing nations. He wanted a living society, each man in it sacred, f ree, all banded together fo• social ends, making up free nations also banded together for social ends, each respecting the other, each secure from tyranny. The death of Jau res was the 6nt effort of the blind, brule force. It crushed out the most vigorous son of man that it �Page twenty-nine TheWe s l e rn Comrade could find, the most living, loving, ardent soul, the cl~resl brain, the wannest heart, the one most consc:ous of the whole trend of things." And ' again: " Jaures was a man of very great gifts whieh were never used for his own ad~ancement but devoted to the service of the people." You will like this little tribute to the comrade "martyr to his faith in humanity." , (B. W. Huebsch, New York.) "The Mexican Problem" by Clarence W. Barron Clarence W. Barron, manager of the Wall Street Journal, Boston News Bu rcau and Philadelphia News Bureau, author of "The Mexican Problem," 'The Audacious War," and "Twenty-Eight Essays on the Federal. Reserve 1\ct," presents a new volume, "The Mexican Problem." As could be ~uessed, it ls written f ro m the s tandpoint of "the business man."' In t.h e words of Mr. Barron : " This i! the need of Mexico today- opportumty to labor. opportunity fo r the family, opportunity for food, clothing, better shelter. and better social conditions. And this is exactly what American and European capi tal and o rganizations have b ro ught to Tampico, at · t raded by its underground wealth, and this is what will ultimately redeem Mexico and forward her p<ople by industrial opportunity." The book is based on firs t-hand info rmation, but worke rs will hardly enth use o ver the eulogy of Mr. Doheny, American oil king, whose guest Mr. Barron has frequently been. The book presents an interesting viewthe work of a faithful servant of the master class. (Houghton-i\liffiin Co .. Boston.) "YOUR Part in Poverty" by George Lansbury Clear -cut ancJ conclusive is the message written by George Lansbury, editor of the Herald (London) and former member of parliament, in his recent book, "YOUR Pa rt in Poverty ." Edward Winton, bishop of Winchester. though professing a disbelief in most of the vtews ot Comrade l.a nsbury, grudgingly co nsenteJ to write a p reface to the volume, urgmg the necessity on the part of churehmen and others to. give the autho_r a hearing. Following a general in trod uctory chapter selling forth the stluation in England, Mr. Lansbury add resses himself direc tly to wo rkmen, to women and children. to business. to the churches; and concludes wtth sug- AN ~ 0 UN CEMENT! Beginning in the near future, the WESTERN COMRADE plans to conduct an OPEN FORUM. This department will publish letters discus.ing all conceivable subjects pertaining to Socialism and the Socialist Party. The question of Socialist tactics will be given prominent place in the Forum. Communications must not be over 750 words in length. Diatribes against individuals are prohibited. Criticism of the. acts of certain persons. provided it is fair and cool, is perfectly permissible. The editors reserve • the privilege of ·not publishin6 certain letters for reasons obvious to them. and also to expurgate sentences and ·paragraphs- which they consider inadvisable to print. Letters will not be returned to correspondents. Writers are asked to date their letters, and sign them with full name. .;iving complete address. Co rrespondents are urged to send in their communications a t once. SUBSCRIPTION RATES T HE WESTERN COMRADEYear, 75c ; Single Copies, IOc ; Clubs of Four or more, $2.00. THE LLA N O C OLONISTYear, 50c ; Short Periods, 1c a week; Three Sub Cards for $1.00. C 0 M R A D E a n d C 0 L 0 N I S TYear, $1.00 ; Clubs of Four or more, $3.00. Address : THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS, LLANO. CAL ('lestions as to ''wh a t w e must do." " He concludes his book with faith in the people : " I have faith in the common peopl<. There has been plenty of disillusionment in my lifeti~e, but. in the main. I. like eve• y other man and woman who IS workmg amo ngst the people. know quite 'Well that. given the chance, the mass of people respond always to the best that IS put befo re them. It is not a bit true that human na ture is necessarily ugly and brutal or destitute of idealism.·· "Durin ~ the present war there has been great talk ." writes Mr. . Those Lansbury, "about the breakdown .of class distinctions. acquainted with the fac ts of everyday life know that !his unity has been to a very large extent superficial. At home luxury and wealth, poverty and misery still abound. High profits and dividends are still being accumula ted." All through the author points out the contrast between the wealth of the favored classes and the poverty of the workers, never failing to indicate the underlying causes. He pricks the bubble of the wealthy "ladies" who work beside the mill girl and then go home to gtve expensive dinners that would cost mo re than their wages in the mill would amount to in months. "Victory is defeot if the price is human rights. If burdens are unequally distributed in war times, if some profit while others pay, if workmen's liberty, children·s education and women·s rights are . sacrificed to gain military triumphs, success is but a hollow mockery." There are many lessons for America in this analy•is of England's labor problems. (B. W. Huebsch, New York.) Our Editor Friends Phil Wagner's "The Melting Pot" has a new editor at •the helm, Comrade Frank M. Eastwood, who attracted attention as the " Question Box" editor of " The Appeal to Reason" and other editorial capacities. He resigned as editor of "The Menace" to take eharge of " The Melting Po t." He contributed to the September number and with the October issue will assume full charge. Walter Hurt, of the Wagner staff, will be one of the contributors. With Easrwood and Hurt a• the le~ding acto rs in an allstar cast, the good little magazine cannot help going right along with a whizz. The price has been reduced to the old rate of fifty cents a year. • • • Says Dr. G. Henri Boga r! of Shelbyville. lllinoi•, in "The Medical Fortnightly" : " The unlettered unconsciously cling to the 'fetish' idea In the Western Comrade for November: "THE REVOLUTION IN NORTH DAKOTA" The second of the •eries being written specially for the Western Comrade by Mr. Teigan. He will tell in November of the campaign of 1916 and its results. "CRIME AND THE PROBATION SYSTEM" Beginning two articles by H. A. Sessions, who give• the result of his observations and experience as Probation Officer of Fresno, California, covering a period of ten yea rs. Written specially for the Western Comrade. "THE PROBLEM OF MANAGEME.NT" Walter Thomas Mills will discuss this matter in relation to the natural resources of the country. What , Comrade Mills has to say is wo rth while li•tening to, fo r he is no t only a student, but a keen and . practical observer of wide experience. W ri tten specially for the Western Comrade. "THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF EQUITY" This is by ~- F. Lowrie, president of the Montana Stale Union of the American Society of Equity. He tells of the revolt of the wheai fa rmers again•l the exploitation by the middlemen and speculato rs. Written specially for the Western Comrade. "REGENERATION" A forceful and logical article by Dr. John Dequer, wri tten specially for the Western Comrade. "INVADING LOUISIANA" The second article concerning the new possessions in the Queen Stale of the South, and something of the plans which a re being made. o f medicine. ascribing disease lo a malevolent something to be exorcised by some other equally m teriou• something." Dr. Bogart is a graduate of the allopathic and eclec c sehools of medicine, but instead of grafting on the people by the ehicanery of the "profes•ion," has tried fo r years to humanize the sharks of the medical trust. The August "Medical Sum ma ry" of Philadelphia featureJ his brochu,. on "War. Mora), Health- the Future." EDITORIALS By Comrade J ob Harriman. Poems. Sho rt Articles, etc., Book Reviews, Agricultu ral No tes, and authentic and first hand no tes on Co-operation everywhere. �The Page thirty The Revolution in North Dakota (Continued from page 11) Grand Forks) and lots of money, it might have been a little bit different. (Laughter) . But I was an "undesirable citizen" ; a discredited man; an outcast. A man with an idea, but without friends. "Well, I spent a couple of days talking with Mr. Wood and his fa ther ; about what should be done. . At last I began to get them a little bit excited. I can not account for it in any other way. I don't think that I had convinced them of anything. I guess I must have got them 'off the trolley.' They were not 'normal' as our opposition friends call it, after I · got after them for two or three days, any more than you farmers were 'normal' when you built the Nonpartisan League. You are an abnorm ~ 1 bunch of people. "Well, fin ally Howa rd hitched up a team and we went and saw a neighbor, a nd I 'put him on' and got his $6. Well it began to look like something real! So the next morning he hitched up again , a nd this time we went in a nother direction with a buggy, and tackled another man a nd got his $6. "And we found out that over there were a couple or three townships without a ny snow on the ground. By this time Howa rd was beginning to get a little more excited, a nd when we hea rd about this he said : 'I have got a little old Ford, a nd we will take that, a nd go and see some of those fellows. "The old gentleman was not so much excited . He had his head with him yet. What I wanted was to get him in the car. But his sta nding with the fa rmers was too good. He didn 't go. He had more fa rmers' stores to ta ke care of those two weeks than any other man in the state ! I a m not criticizing the old gentleman for tha t. I give him credit for good judgment. But Howard got excited better than the old fellow. "Well, we sta rted out next morning with the Ford. We took along a couple of shovels ; and by shoveling and ·pushing and cranking, we got over to where there was not any snow. And I -painted a picture to those farmers that made every one of them1 see the Nonpartisan League better than you see it now. Some of them were very doubtful whether they would ever get any value for their money, but they thought it was worth trying anyway and some of them said: 'It is worth $6 to hear that fellow talk!' " By the fall of 1915 more than 20,000 farmers of North Dakota had considered it worth $6 to hear Mr. Townley and other League organizers talk. The movement had become so .strong that the old political machines were panic-stricken. The sheets of the Plunderbund and especially those reflecting the interests of the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce, became bitter and vituperative in their abuse of the new movement. Mr. Townley was subjected to all sorts of a.buse. If he had been so disposed, he could have brought several editors to account for libel, but his determination to· direct the League to a successful victory prevented him from bringing the farmers' enemies to the bar of justice. In September, 1915, a weekly paper, the "Nonpartisan Leader," was started. Every member of the League became a subscriber. When the League was started, there was no official publication, and the only promise made to the new member was that he should receive the "official paper" and Pearson's Magazine "not later than December I, 1915." The fact that 20,000 farmers would pay over to a n unknown organization, and in many cases to an unknown solicitor, a membership fee of $6 bears ample testimoy of the farmer revolt that was brewing. (The next article will deal with the campaign of 1916). Th~ ·we s t e r n Co mr ad e New Socialism (Continued from Page 12) organized workers be made to see that they will never get anything from their legislatures unless the members of the legislatures are their own men, chosen by them at their own councils, and elected by them at the polls. . The co-:Operative movement in this country is far behinci the movement in Europe, but it is growing rapidly. It takes various forms-producers' co-operatives, buying co-operatives, and co-operative communities. The object of all is to enable the producer to retain or get back more of what he produces than he would otherwise have. Their light is our light-but in taking up their light we would be merely helping ourselves. By making the co-operative movement our own we would be developing a source of power the extent of which it would be difficult to over-estimate. By consolidating these forces, by making the Socialist Pa rty the direct, active agent of the organized worker, we will be able to build a n efficient, well-knit machine capable of producing ta ngible results. And we will need every spark of power that we can generate. Our battle will begin in earnest when the war ends. We have faith in the future; but our confidence must not rest on an optimism that is not justified by facts. The war may work in our favor in one direction ; it is bound to militate against us in another. As a result of military necessity, state control of industry will probably increase, but democracy, which is quite as essential to our program, has already lost ground enormously. The end of the war may find the industrial autocrats more securely enthroned than ever. The movement for the extension of our foreign trade, the program of imperialism, will be in full swing. A gigantic military establishment, so necessary to the purposes of imperialism, will be ready at hand. And when peace comes, our financial masters will use every possible weapon to hold the ground they have won during the war. We must be prepared to light to retain whatever the movement may have gained and to regain everything it has lost. T he keenness of the struggle will divide the classes in this country more sharply than ever before. It will result in driving a vast number of people into our camp--if we but have brains enough to take them in. Here, then, is our opportunity. It would be criminal not to take adva ntage of it. Let us profit by the mistakes of the past, or all our work and all our sacrifices will be in vain. We must discard our intellectual snobbery, our slavish devotion to creed . We must mix with publicans and sinners, and take pleasure in doing so. We must understand that a man is not of necessity a fool or a knave because of his inability to recite the Communist Manifesto backwards. We must learn to utilize forces that may not be consciously socialistic, but whose progress inevitably leads in the direction of socialism. We must make co-operation, not only an ideal to be realized m the distant future, but the immediate policy of our party. We must liberalize ourselves. Current Problems Continued from page 18 related to each other and, at last, embody in their activities, ample provision for the common good of all as against the private interests of any. In the effort to advance this work, it will be found at every step that the real difficulties are in orl4nization and management. Next month, this problem of management will be considered as related to the natural resources. l. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-10 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-10 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v05n06_191710 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-01 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v05n06 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 30 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. The Revolution in North Dakota by H.G. Teigan Current Problems by Walter Thomas Mills Llano's Lousiana Purchase Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/1ad0a9bfeb276edfd919abda9a2bc8cf.pdf a43a74bf5bc466977a57f5f5cdc52840 PDF Text Text 19 17 Price Ten Cents I; I ]!, Features: Page I '" Page Editorials by Job Harriman 3 Co-operation in Russia Llano's Asseb, 8 Co-operative Banking by Clinton Bancroft 16 - . . . . 14 The Wreck (Story) by Ethel Winger . 10 Evening Thoughts by Dr. John Dequer 17 Was Schmidt Guilty ? . . . . . . 12 Terms of Peace by Ida Crouch-Hazlett 20 / �.. The Gateway To Freedom Through Co-operative Action T HE U.ANO DFL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY is located in the beautiful Antelope Valley, in ~e ~ortheas!em p_art _of Los Angeles Couniy, Southern California. This plam lies between the San Gabriel spur of the Sierra Madres on the south ~nd the Teha.c hapi range on the north. The Colony is on the north slope of the San Gabriel range. It is almost midway between Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific, and Victorville, on the Santa Fe railroad. The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony is made up of penons who believe in the application of the principles of co-operation to the widest possible extent. Virtually all of the residents are Socialists. It is a practical and convincing answer to those who have scoffed at Socialist principles, who have said that "it won't work," who have urged many fallacious arguments. In the three years since it was established, the Colony has demonstrated thoroughly the soundness of ;;, plan of operation and its theory. Today it is stronger than ever before in its history. GENERAL INFORMATION The Llano del Rio Colony is the greatest Community enterprise ever a ttempted. It was founded by Job Harriman, May !st. 1914, and is solving the problem of disemploymenl and business failure. It offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their families. The Llano del Rio Colony is a horticultural, agricultural, and stock-raising enterprise, with such manufacturing as will supply the needs of the colonists, with perhaps something to sell when the Colony has grown. It is a perfect eocample of Co-operation in Action. No community organized as it is, was ever established before. The purpose is to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employment for the workers; to assure safety and comfort for the future and for old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best schools; and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. It has more than 800 residents, makin~ it the largest town in the Antelope Valley. Mor. than 200 children attend the schools. The Montessori school is in operation, taking the .children from 2'/z to 6 years of age. A new school building is soon to be built. The Colony owns a fine herd of splendid dairy cattle, 100 head of voung stock nrc on the range, being heifers and calves up to i years of age. Over 100 head of horses and mules, including colts, are owned by the Colony. These, with two tractors and caterpillar engine, four trucks, and numerous autos, do the hauling and the work on the land. A recent purchase of Ouroc-Jersey sows gives the Colony thirtyeight registered high-cia.- breeding sows and 2 splendid boars, the nucleus of a great development along this line. Many new pens have been built. Registration will be kepi up and the raising of fine hogs made one of the leading industries. There are also some fine Berkshires. and a Iorge number of grade sows. The Colony has more than 400 acres of orchards. Community gardening: is carried on. and an increased acreage will be put in each year. The ideal is to farm on an extensive scale, using all manner of efficient labor saving machinery and methods, with expert and experienced men in charge of the different deparl~ents. Llano possesses more than 668 stands of bees. They are cared for by expert bee men of long experience. This department expeels to have several thous.nd stands in a few yean. The Colony has secured timber from the San Gabriel Reserve, and has a well equipped sawmill. Lumber worth $35 to $40 a thot~­ sand will cost the Colony only a few dollars a thousand. Social life is delightful. A band, several orchestras, a dramatic club, and other organizations assist in making the social occasions enjoyable. Alfalfa does extraordinarily well at Uano. Much has been planted and the acreage will be increased as rapidly as possible. Six good cuttin~;s a atason can be depended on. Ditches lined with \ '\ cobblestone set in Uano litqe, making them permanent, conserve water and insure economy. LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITIJTIONS Among the industries of Uano, to which new ones are constantly being added, are : Printshop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, warehouse, machine shop, blacksmith shop, planing mill, lime kiln, saw mill, dairy, cabinet shop, alfalfa, orchards, rabbitry, gardens, hog raisin~, stage, lumbering, magazine, newspaper, doctor's offices. woodyard, vinegar works, bakery, fish hatchery, barber shop, baths, swimming pool, studios, hotel, drafting room, post office, commissary, camping ground, grammar school, Montessori school, library, two weekly dances, brass band, orchestra, socialist local, and others. NO CONSTITIJTION OR BY-LAWS ~ Many persons who want to know how the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community are conducted think, in order to gel this information. they must secure a copy of a cons titution and by-laws. There is no constitution. The Llano del Rio Community contents itself with a "'declaration of pnnciples" which is printed below. The business and financial affairs of the enterprise are conducted by the board of directors who are elected by the stockholders. The corporation by-laws are the stereotyped corporation by-laws of almost every stale. The only innovation is in the restricting of anyone from voting more than 2000 shares of stock, regardless of how many shares are held. As this is to be the ultimate holding of every member, this is considered a strong protective clause. The inc"rporation charter is also the usual type and gives the corporation the right to transact almost all manner of business. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, safe, and well construed. There is no disposition on the pari of slate officials to interfere. DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES In conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inflexible rules and regulations the greater the harmony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a set of laws the colomsls have a Oeclaration of Principlea and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration follow•: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over those of any individual. Liberty of action is only permissible when it does not re•lricl the liberty of another. Law is a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community at large. Values created by the Community shall be vested m the Community alone. The individual is not justly entitled to more land than is aufficienl to satisfy a reasonable desire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be held by private ownership. Talent and intelbgenre are gifts which should rightly be used in the service of others. Th• development of these by education is the gift of the Community to the individual, and the exercise of greater ability entitles none to the false rewards of greater polsessions, but only to the joy of greater service to others. Only by identifying his interests and pleasures with those of others can man find real happinen. The duty of the individual to the Community is to develop ability to the greatest degree possible by availing himself of all educational facilities and to devote the whole extent of that ability to the service of all. The duty of the Community to the individual is to administer justice, to eliminate greed and selfishness, to educate all and to aid any in time of age or misfortune. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WRITE Llano Publications, Llano, California �Political Co-operation Action Direct Action The Western Comrade DeToted to tlte Caase of tlte Workers Entered as second-class matter November 4th, 1916, at the post office at Llano, California, under Act of March 3, 1879. JOB HARRIMAN · • PUBLISHFD EAGI MON'rn AT llANO, CALIFORNIA. Managing Editor. ~7 ERNEST S. WOOSTER . . . . . . Business ManaRer Subscription Rate-75c a year; Canada $1. Single Copies JOe; clubs of 4 or mora (in U. S.) so~: - Combination with llANO COLONIST $1. Publishers and others are invited to copy at will from the WESTERN COMRADE, but are asked to give credit. Nothing copyrighted unless so stated. In making change of a~dres~ al~vays give your former one so that the ll)·ailing department may be certain that the right name is being changed. VOL. V. LLANO, CALIFORNIA, SEPTEMBER, 1917 Editorials T HE International News Service is authority for the state, ment that Germany now has 6,000,000 trained soldiers in uniform. The American Review of Reviews is authority for the statement that it will require one year for the United States to place only 600,000 men in Europe; a period of ten years for the United Stale> to become _militarized as Germany now is; that the German military machine can stand upon the defensive and grind up huma n fodder for the next 25 years. If this is true, Germany ca nnot be conquered by force of arms. A NY force that will overthrow the German crown is largely within Germany. That power centers in the Reichstag. The Socialists and Liberals have combined. Hindenburg and Scheidemann have locked horns. Bethman-Hollweg listened to Scheidemann and went down. Chancellor Michaelis is now listening to Scheidemann and will likewise go down. Hindenburg will not listetl and Hindenburg will go down, dragging the Kaiser and his crown with him. The Hindenburg-Scheidemann controversy arose over the plan of campaign in the East. Hindenburg proposed to cross the Hills of Fodelia, pass through the grain fields of Bcssarabia to Odessa, and thus reach the heart of Russia. All the military authorities . are agreed uJlon lhis policy. If carried out, Russia would probably fall victim to German arms. The military chieftains must insist that when Germany failed to strike at this point last spring she overlooked the best bet that history ever offered to an army or nation. On the eve of the Russian Revolution Hindenburg said, NOW OR NEVER! Scheidemann said, NEITHER NOW NOR NEVER! Such a course means to Scheidemann the betrayal of the new Russia and the destrution of all the fruits, past and prospective, of the Russian Revolution. If the crown adopts the policy of Hindenburg, a social No. 5 By Job Harriman revolution in Germany is imminent. If his policy is turned down, Hindenburg with his military machine will resign and the crown will be without a staff. · The German .people will then join hands with the Russian people and state their terms of peace. But the British GOVERNMENT will not yet be ready to sta te HER terms of peace. SHE is fighting for DEMOCRACY. --0---- T HE Literary Digest is now self-appointed censor of the editorial columns of the American press. She has reviewed the editorials so long that her critical faculties have developed into such an over-weening egoism that she feels competent not only to criticise, but also to determine the editorial policy of the press. She is calling upon all her readers 1to forward to her Solon all editorials that do not measure up to the uigh standard of popular passiotl. ignorance, and superstition. She promises upon receipt of the same to forward all such to the government with full direction so as to what steps the government would take in dealing out the proper punishments. Even a suggestion of press censorship breeds hybrids of strange and urmatural form. How devilish a self-appointed, uncalled-for sleuth must feel! The very spirit of it is enough to curdle the blood. Made mad with much learning she is sinking her poisoned fangs, rattler-like, into her own flesh. The field of brilliant and original editorials, hers for years, furnished a rich pasture to the "Digest," which it now seeks to destroy in the name of Democracy. The "Digest' has been living a dual and deceitful life. It profes$es De~ocracy but lives Autocracy. The blood of Autocracy tha.t courses its veins makes putrid upon its lips the word Democracy. A CENSORSHIP FOR DEMOCRACY'S SAKE is the last word in diabolical treason to our FREE and democratic institutions. �Page fo11r T J The Western Comrade F:· HE American Review of Reviews says.: "England has organization, the A. of L. and the Socialist party, and draw probably 3,000,000 fairly well trained men in her re- alike from each. The~e is but one means by which this tendency can be serve camps at home." . We are shipping scores of thousands of our young, un- checked and.. that is. by eStablishing complete political unity trained men direct to the trenches ·t o be slaughtered while between the economic and the political organizations. Out of this unity will spring great power-power on both the the trained English soldier stands by and looks on. economic and the politi~al fields. By this up.ity legislatures What f~ols we mortals be! American soldiers, if sent abroad at alt should be sent and . judges .·can be elected, laws enacted and construed, to 'the English camps to be trained and not one of · them and the military ·force directed. The power springing from should be permitted to go to the trenches until every trained such united ~ction of the working class will give rise to and sustain an abiding hope, for hope always abides in the bosom English soldier .shall have gone before. This is England's and Germany's fight for commercial su- o'f the man or class that has power to act. premacy and they should bear the brunt of the battle. If Out of such union and such hope a constructive program we exhaust ourselves to win the war while England holds would spring and be rapidly enforced. 'This is growth. back her 3,000,000 trained soldiers, she will have sufficient If, however, the syndicalist movement should survive we power to force her terms of peace. would be brought face to face with the necessity of another She tried that game upon us during the revolutionary ,.;\djustment. Whether we believe in individual direct action war, and also during the civil war. Can it be said that her or sabotage or syndicalism i~ its highest form, yet the workers conscience will stand in her way today? will meet with the army and navy, and be compelled to turn Is she not demanding 1,000,000 square miles of German to parliament for a minimum wage or work day, or some Colonial Territory? Will she change her mind if she con- other law, as has been done in England. This fact will give serves her forces while we exhaust ours by winning her victory rise to the theory of political action among th~ syndicalists for her? themselves, which they will either adopt or upon which they Not one American to the trenches until England's 3 ,000,000 will divide. reserves first have gone; this sho.uld be the battle cry. Ultimately the power of working class will mobilize poli\ ..;ally and economically, if not intelligently- then blindly- be- 0cause the greatest efficiency lies in such mobilization. The HE difficulty of coping with the capitalist, backed by process is rapidly proceeding, as the small property owners the political power of the state, brought many laboring are constantly losing their property and dropping from their men to a realization of the fact that there was a fundamental comfortable positions down into the ranks of the struggling, weakness in their position . This consciousness of their weak- teeming millions. ness has caused some to adopt t he political theory in addition There they find an abiding place among the swarms of to the economic, while others have lost hope and with many workers dependent upon each other. For the first time they of the former socialists are abandoning both the old economic realize their utter helplessness. Once they thought their suorganization and political views, and are drifting into the perior advantage was due to their superior intelligence, but belief that individual direct action , sabotage, and syndicalism now they see that it was due to the power stored in the property to which they held title. Having lost their property they now offer the solution to the labor problem. Out of the separation of the economic and political organ- perceive that superior intelligence and skill only measure izations and the failure of organized labor to function politic- the additional wealth or power the possessor must part with ally has sprung a weakness that begets an abandoned hope, to his employer. How different the view point: N~w their · that always .leads to open warfare. hearts sink under the ravages of despair. How futile and _ Whenever a nation abandons all hope of peaceably solving helpless their sordid egotism· in this hour of need! How any great and pressing social problem, . then all the elements insignificant they now appear, seeing themselve~ as others see them! Realizing their weakness they turn to labor for of· civil war are present. So, also, whenever any class or any portion of a class help, fully realizing that they will receive far more than is abandons hope of a peaceful solution of the problems that in their power to give, but also as they give so will they beset them, they, too, are ready for open war. receive. As long as organized labor fails to use its political power Thus the social passion is born in the heart and brain of as a class, it will possess little social power and will be unable these new arrivals as they adopt the view point of the worker to direct the legislatures, and hence the courts, and the military and feel and perceive the suffering that follows in the trail force. of the oppressor. The .weakness arising from this failure is laying the foundaWhat a remarkable altruism that gives more to each than tion for a new labor movement which is taking the form of each can return and yet · that withholds from him who will Syndicalism in America. not give his best! What a natural and wonderful process These syndicalists stand between the economic and political of welding together a great movement! From all to each T / Editorial 1 �The Western Comrade Editorial T Page £ve and each to all. Human life first, property second. In their HE parliament of England · has been informed by the eyes property possesses virtues opJy in proportion as It minlawyers of the Crown of England that it is unlawful isters to the welfare of humanity. It becomes a vice when for the subjects of the Crown to confer on terms of .peace it becomes a burden. To the workers it is now a burden. with the subjects of belli'gerent nations. Their .lives are being drained to the dregs, into p~operty for How thoughtful! . others. Abolish the vice by abolishing the burden. To .conEngland will not _state her terms of peace. No crowned serve the energy of each to himself is the common necessity. head will state its terms of peace. No capitalist government To part with his energy for the benefit of others is the common c~n state its term~ of peace before the i~sues ot ·the war are protest. Common ownership of all the reservoirs into which settled. . our lives are being drained is the world cry of the workers. Capitalism survives by conquest. Terms of peace can only To these reservoirs each shall contribute, from them each be dictated by the capitalist conquerer after the victory: shall draw, to the end that the energy of each shall be con--oserved to him, and his comfort, well-being and unfoldment OCIALISTS are proud, others are ashamed, of their conmade safe and secure. What an object for conquest! What victions in these war times. elements for a new civilization! What a sea of living, surg~ ing, organizing human power, ever swelling with its billows, F the 12,000,000 men called to. the colors in Germany, ever becoming more and more tempestuous, until the tyran9,000,000 are still in uniform. Germany's navv is ' as nical, heartless ship of state, now triumphantly sailing thereon, strong as it was in 1914. In· addition, she. h.as her U-boats: will finally reel, its hulk will break, and it will be swallowed We cannot conquer Germany by sending ~en to France. in the social deep, leaving behind it, at least for a while, The trenches are a bottomless pit into which we may pour untroubled hearts, bound together by a common interest, · all the youth of America, and yet the chasm will :yawn for happy in their peace and good will. Aqd thus will a working more me n. class socialist state arise and thrive on the elements produced It is proposed to conquer Germany by way of the air. The by capitalism. call is m.rde for I 0,000 aeroplanes. - - oLet us not underestimate the power of the . opposing _·force. HE days of conscription are only beginning. The yo-ung The cost of ten thousand machines is not a drop in the bucket. men first, the middle aged next. Then, later, the older Germany will meet them with ten thousand more. Untold men will be conscripted into industrial service. Still la ter, numbers should be made and the number should be kept secret. property will be conscripted. If this plan of campaign is adopted it should be backed One would have thought that after centuries of Christian up with an endless stream of death-dealing machines as used teaching, huma n li fe would have been considered more sacred by Germany, and which aroused to the highest pitch of moral than property. But alas! property has been conserved by indignation, England a nd America. the strong arm of Senate and the lobbying foroe who are -{}-working in behalf of the money powers and "democracy!" OMRADE W. A. Robinson objects to my statements that That dem-ocracy which sacrifices human life to save property "brute force - is suicidal;" that "force is the · law of is a strange critter. death;" and that "love is the law of life." The Democratizing of Property and the Aristocracy of the He says: "Force is universal and eternal;" that "force Mob! Not yet- but soon i is both constructive and destructive." All of which is true. --o"Brute force builds our bodies'-' and "brute force tears -them NE man in America has .an income of $I 0,000,000. He down." The latter half of this assertion is correct. 'Again, probably is a married man.- The Lord saves such men Comrade Robinson says, "Love, itself, i·s a for(:e." Most on earth, for the rich shall not enter into the Kingdom of assuredly. Heaven. And would it not be a crying shame to send them Love is the force that spells the harmonies of the universe. to hell, especially by way of the trenches? It is that stale of attraction and equilibrium during which - -othe chemical processes proceed constructively and cohesively. HE card house of profits is tumbling. This is the apex Love is the antithesis of brute force. of the capitalist system. Love is gentle, kindly, upright, truthful, frank, enduring, This is holy ground upon which governments and popes reasonable, patient, forbearing, · constructive, sympathetic, refear to tread. · fined and beautiful. Peace is . the reverberating echo returning from the conBrute force is ambitious, tyrannical, hateful, unconscionscription of profits. able, ruthless and destructive. · What a cry of peace will go up from the lips of plutocracy These are the meanings as applied to the social terms, as the law proceeds toward the conscriptio-n of profits! love and brute force. They are the very antithesis of each ·PEACE TO SAVE MONEY, BUT NO PEACE TO SAVE other. Surely the one is . constructive and the other destructive? MEN! s 0 T C 0 T �About Llano Page six Cons~ription--What -It ---~NSCRIPTION! Means to Llano A new word in the vocabulary of American democracy! An innovation in our national life that promises to revolutionize social adjustmen.ts. _ _ For the first time we are brought face to face With the actual value of men in industry. How the avera-ge community computes the value of its men and how Llano computes their value is quite different. This difference is based ou their relation to the entire group. The seriousness of conscription does not strike home so forcibly in the average American community as it does in Llano. As a rule, the <>.verage community is completely enveloped in the activities of capitalist industry and the manifold manifestations of the capitalist system of industry and governme nt that accompany it. Its ideals are the ideals of the present order. It s b.-and of Americanism is the brand approved by groups of influential men of approved character. Its interpretation of events is the interpretation placed upon them by those who are trus.ted to interpret correctly but who oftimes unfortunately fall short of their task. In short the averaae American community has more or less abandoned itsel to an apathetic acceptance of things as they a re. For such a community to give up sons, fathers, husbands and sweethearts to the horrors of war is a deprivation, but does not constilute a calamity. The loss of a conscript in the average community is not felt poignantly - as a community loss; it is felt most often as an individual loss. His loss is mourned at best by relatives or a few close friends. Then again, the inevitable daily life of the average community is such that in many instan~es !>ersons receive a· direct pecuniary benefit from the conscnption of others. For instance, in a certain bank the drafting of one man may mean that a dozen or several employees in that bank will be advanced to higher positions-and will receive higher salaries. Here is a prolific source of selfishness and mean disregard for the life of another. An employee in this bank may have envious eyes on a higher position for months, even years. His desire fo1 advancement may have been fanned into a white heat by the knowledge that the conscription of his superior is imminent. And on the day of the departure of the conscript for war, he may sha ke hands with him sympa thetically, exp ress his deepest sorrow at the other's misfortune, and yet experience a secret ·satisfaction that the last bar to the goal of financial advancement has been lelt down. What a commentary on our civilization! How is it possible for the doctrines of the Nazar~ne to flower in a society wherr the fame of individuals is contingent on the misfortunes oi another? . In Llano we have the spectacle of several hundred people held together not by blood ties, but •by the inseverable bonds of co-operative endeavor. Here! each inhabitant receives the same remuneraJtion, the same advantages, the privileges and benefits. Here all are straining every effort to contribute to the progress of the Colony. Here an injury to one is an injury to aiL The members of the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony are members of a big !family. It could not be otherwise. Every phase of Llano community life radiates from the common interest of all lthe people. What affects one must of ne'cessity affect them all. No individual can possibly benefit from the conscription of another. T he loss of a comrade, on the contrary, is a direct and quickly-felt loss to him. No C r" The Western Comrade By Myrtl~ Manana matter what position one may occupy, no matter what opportunities are created for pe;rsonal aggrandizement by the conscri-p tion of a fellow-worker, ' no financial benefit can ac-c rue to one. - The destiny· of the Colonists is a common destiny. Failure or success in the enterprise is the common concern. No matter how I high in the management of the ranch or in any other position of responsibility an individual may get as a result of the total loss of a superior, his advancement cannor-b-e-other 'than one with hollow and empty meaning. Llano is yet a pioneer enterprise. It is but three years old. Although its growth is phenomenal for the short :time in which it has had to de:velop, still its small army of producers has been built up with much care and difficulty, and with a great expenditure of time and money. Experiments with refereJJce to · the 'management of the affairs of the ranch have gone on since the very inception of the Colony, and at the present time many of the men--young and old~who hold positions of trust and great importance, are absolutely indispensable to the welfare of the ·enterprise. There are men in charge of various industries of the ranch, who alone understand that particular work, and who could not be replaced by other Colonists without considerable apprenticeship. The loss of these men would entail a serious handicap. Recently, word was received from the United States Government that ten young men, between the ages of 21 and 31, had been selected from Llano to appear before the military authorities subject to physical \examination , and, later, if not exempted from military service, to be sent to the battlefields of Europe. This new; came as a )startling blow to every member of the Colony. Although all had realized that Llano could not be so fortunate as to be entirely exempt from the visit of conscription, still httle thought was given to the matter. When apprehension became an actuallity, gloom spread like a pall. All of the ten young men who were selected to assist the Allies in making the world safe for democracy are assets to the Colony-are young men whose absence, even for a short time, would seriously impair industrial operations. Their comple~e loss would, of course, be• even a greater injury. It seems un fai r that- ~he community of Llano has never been consulted about the matter; has neiVer been asked whether she wishes to sacrifice her sons to a cause which has not the remotest connection with her prosperity or success. It seems unjust that these young men themselves have no voice as to what purpose their lives shall be dedicated. But it is useless to protest; it is a waste of breath to denounce; it is suicide to revolt or disobey. The huge ' war machine which now dominates our country controls everything and everybody. We can only deplore the disrespect for the sacredness ·of humaU--eonscic:J]ce that permeates the patriotism of our time. One of the young men who has been drafted i5 a mechanic of exceptional ability. He is an inventive genius. He has inve·n't ed several devices that, when patented and sold, promise to bring great retums. His originality and adeptness in anything he undertakes has been of incalculable value to the Colony. Although, but a very young man, he recently took charge of one of the most important departments on the ranch , and although confronted with meagre equipment and lack of orde;T, has in a short time, brought it to a high sta-te of efficiency. At present he is evolvin-g a brilliant plan for the keeping of time for the entire ranch. This scheme, if com- �The Western Comrade About pl&ed, will emable one to see .'on a board in graphic arrangement precisely the number of ' workers on the ranch, the departments in which the ;various workers are employed, the number working in each department, those absent, and so forth. Another of (these young men is in charge of the water development of the Colciny.._at this moment, perhaps, the most important task with which the Colonists are confronted. He is a miner of practical experience, and has been able to keep an able crew busy at the tunnel and at the sumps in a constant endeavor to increase the flow of water .. for irrigation purposes. Fred Allen making a batch of Laundry Soap in the Llano Soap Works. Another is in charge of the accounting for the Colony. This is another extremely important department, and one which requires adaptability and experience, which this young man possesses in abundance. As the ranch grows oiaer, the work of accounting grows apace, and it is highly nelessary to have a ma n in charge of such work who has been familiar with the Colony throughout the previous years of its development. One is in charge of the indispensable work of civil engineering. The surveying of the lands, \the laying out of the ditches, the laying out of building locations; this is a work that must be in competent hands. Llano will need this young Llano Page seven man to help i'n building the new city when the time comes to start it. An.o ther has develoj,ep a minor industry to a state of efficiency and self-support. Beginning with practically no equipment, .he is now in •position to furnish Llano homes with a useful household .article · on !a large scale and obtaining additional funds for the Colony by selling his product to the outside world. He is also popular for his interest and valuable service in stimulating various forms of recreation and social amusements. The remainder' of these) young conscripts are extremely useful workers and citizens and would be a credit to any communiity anywhere. They are greatly needed in the departments in which they are working and will some day be equipped with the knowledge and experience to manage different undertakings. Llano cannot spare one of these young men. They are worth, if their worth can be compuled in money, thousands of dollars. It is on the;m and such as they that the success of this inspiring co-operative enterprise depends. They are enthusia!ltic pioneers in a work Jwhere there are few enough who have the vision and ·nobility of character to take it up. Perhaps every community believes that it has young men who are (as valuable as ours, but it is hard to convince us of Llano that ten young men chosen at random elsewhere would measure anywh&e near those selected here. ' However, we will not argue the point 1about the relative worth. and character of the young men of Llano and those of any other community. But a situation obtains in Llano that is far different than that obtaining in any other community. There is no doubt but what all of the young men of Llano are opposed to the entrance of the iUnited States into the European War. Their opposition to war did not originate in a fear •to enlist in the present one. It originated in the philosophy which they embrace which is opposed to war on principle. They agitated against war and militarism and the causes tha t make for conflict long before the European War started. T hey contributed their hard-earned funds toward making successful the war on -war. They a re all brave and have the courage of their convictions. They are neither pro-T euton nor pro-Ally; they are pro-Humanity and proCo-operation. ' Yet Llano is on the vergeJ of losing these young men. They may be ta ken from her, never to return. A few may· return, maimed and incapacitated, unf1t for productive labor, a curse to themse~ ves and objects of pity. At this hour more 1than at any other, is Llano impressed with ·the value of men . Never before have her human assets been appraised as they are being appraised now. Never before has it been brought home .with such force that Llano's wealth lies not in her material things, not in her orchards, livestock, houses, and farming implements, but in her men and women. As before sta ted, in the face of the power of the government, we of Llano are helpless. We can only hope that the inhumanity of sending meri to the fronrt: who conscientiously object to war will become apparent to the people of the nation, and will result in a popular demand for 1the repeal of the draft law. We can only trust that the supreme injustice of sending to war those whose conviotions against war are as strong as those of the exempted Quakers, will show the error of conscription. Their consciences are their armor. Violence fails in the, face of the super-violence of war. But the quiet conviction of an honest conscience may save them. �Page eiaht Alroat Llaao The Weatern Comrade What -Are A 's sets? S a range where thousands of head of cattle can be produce well are valued at $500 to $1000 an acre, sometimes . more. A nearby orchard is reported to have returned.$1000 pastured most of the year an asset? · If so, then Llano has an asset worth whatever sum an acre this season. Perhaps this is figuring too much. But - - the cattle which can be marketed each year- pay in- at any ·r.ate, · the returns are high. Suppose they are only terest on. The range lying · in the floor of the Antelope Va]Jey half of this amount. Suppose the investment is paying 10 has thousands of acres of grass, rich, nutritious grass. It per cent. Then· the value of the land is $5000 an acre. is estimated by conservative men that not less than 3000 cattle However, cutting this down again, it . can be . seen that with . can be kept there... It is a matter of water for the cattle. and · a11 due respect to conservatism, the value of pear lands are development of this resource, largely. · The price of beef extraordinarily high. Put your own valuation on them. Put io probably never going to be very low again; the range it as low as you want, making every allowance you can think of. Then take the minimum of 5000 acres which can be should return good results year after year. set to pears, which is again the lowest estimate. The value Is a mountain side covered with ti'm ber an asset? If so, then the lumber possibilities here are worth many is quite impressive, isn't it.· Is a town an asset? thousands of dollars. The lumber road built into the mounThe collective method of conducting industry and farming tains can be used to bring hundreds of thousands of feet of lumbQr into the Colony to be used for building purposes. operations naturally makes a common housing center, a town. The road is built, the mill installed, the logs cut, the men on - necessary. Instead of scattered homes the tendency is naturthe job. Lumber was never higher in price. It should be ally toward centralization. No matter what sort of town it possible to sell lumber to neighbors at prices attractive to them may be, whether it be laid ·ou.l along ·old fashioned conservative lines, or whether the more hi.ghly organized circular plan is used, a town is usually considered an asset. It represents labor. It has value. The houses have cost money. The public buildings are worth money. The stteets, sewer and water systems, lighting-all have a recognized value. Contiguous land is enhanced in worth. The city of Llano, whenever built, however built, or whereever built, must be an asset. It is an asset on which cash can be raised. It can be bonded if necessary. And if it can be bonded, then it muiit have a value in the eyes of business men. Figure out the prospective value of the Llano Colony to suit yourself. Add its ranges with its cattle industry, the timber \Vith ~he lumber industry, the land with the pear indus-try. Then put in the value of the city of Llano. Use the most conservative figures. Those given here are very conservative. But cut them down again if you like. You will be irr'!pressed with the value that can be given the Llano Colony. This value can be given by labor and capital, labor owning the capital. This is not a boost article. It canView fror.1 Machine Shop looking toward Llano Hotel. Llano del Rio Company offices in foreground. not be, because ·· the figures are mostly your own and the results what you yourself make of them. It is just an outline and thus bring in cash income, besides having all we need of what can be achieved, with the suggestion implied .- that for our own purposes. these results will be secured, and the further suggestion that .Is la~d that can grow fruit trees which should produce · time is an essential element and that quick results are not · from $250 to $1000 an acre an asset? to be thought of. A · neighboring district, similarly situated and not more than No mention has been made of industries, of other farm and 10 miles away, specidlizes 'in pears. Virtually nothing else dairy products, of the many other avenues of profit. Use is produced. The residen1s are specialists in Barlett Pear them or not. just as you like. But think of the Llano Colony production. They know market conditions. A kindly climate as a place of great resource, at present almost wholly unhas made it possible to g~ow pears along the north slope of touched. the Sierra Madres that are of unsurpassed quality. Think of its assets of men and women who have the dePears are not difficult to grow •to perfection in this partic- termination to succeed. Think of them applying their labor ular region. The high prices are due to thei'r keeping pro- power to develop the resources outlined above. But don't perties. They are perhaps not to be surpassed for commercial expect them to achieve the impossible and t~ accomplish purposes anywhere in the United States. Land owned by remarkable results at once. Llano has a magnificent future . . the Llano Colony can grow s!.!ch pears. The trees do not It has a setting that is marvelous. It is a project that is require a great quantity of water when cultivation goes hand economically correct. That it will m~et hardships is to be in hand with irrigation. expected. But that it will succeed in realizing its high ideals It is quite probable that many thousands of acres of land is inevitable. Llano is a spot of destiny. could be put into pears. The lowest estimate ·made by a most * * * conservative person is 5000 acres. Many make their estimate "Of all the agenci~s which are at work · to elevate those who labor much larger. But letting it stand at that, the pear industry with their hands. there is none so promising as the present Co-operative o.ffers good prospects. Pear orchards which have begun to movement."-John Stuart Mill. I �Page nine The Western Co mra de Dawn. of Humanism By D. B o bs p a Humanism's Dawn first lights the skies, Glad sight to prophet-visioned seers. With Fire and Sword -With fire and sword the men of old Laid waste the world;- for fame, for gold, For pride of power or lust of land, The diamond clay, the golden sand, The proud Hag in new fields unrolled. Civilization's curse End:; tomorrow. Today another hope we hold, The World Flag struggles to u.nfold. Ten thousand years of civilization; · Ten times ten thou5and years of human struggle, And still a race of slaves! Beneath it; nations hand in h~nd Shall lose the hate tha~ once was fanned With fire and sword. Came speech In that far primeval dawn, the birth of Democracy on earth Giving the hairy tree-dwellers a common knowledge. That people, proud and overbold, Which outgro~ horror has unrolled Upon our world to-day, must stand King Privilege Throttled the infant Democracy, and began his re1gn with Prometheus' gift of fire. Worse punished by the murderer's -brand, Than all their outrage uncontrolled, With fire and sword. Bow and arrow, pottery, the taming of animals, smelting of IrOn- -Charlotte Perkins Gilman. All cJaimed by Privilege But strengthened the rule of the few over the masses. Came written language To further bolster special privilege, And the voice of dead maste rs Struck terror to hearts of living slaves. Through all the ages ran The red thread of Revolution And the dream of Democracy, Whose voice King Privilege could not stifle completely. Two Ways To Govern By the process of commanding Many people act as one. Some ruling will May hold them still Or lift them to the sun. If he be wise and great, He makes a better stale, Came Commercialism and Trade, Richest fruitage of Civilization, Culmination of a thousand milleniums of oppression, bearing its inevitable wars and strivings for stolen privileges. Comes Humanism, When the new world Shall forget ' The ten-thousand-year nightmare of Civilization. - But if he faii. of no avail Is all that he has done . By the power of understanding Many :people act as one; Their common will May hold them still Or lift them toward the sun . As they grow wise and great, Dark grows the night of Civilization's crazy day And darker still shall be this night of horror Ere breaks the dawn (Now visioned by the prophet-few) That shall usher in the glad, bright day of Humanism. They make a better state; Solid and sure, it shall endure Where all that work have done. -Charlotte Perkins Gilman. �Page tea Fi c The wreck . j The Western Comrade t i o a By Ethel Winger BRIGHT-EYED. bright-cheeked. bright-haired girl key Minnie had given her for the occasion, she opened the l~aded with unwieldly bundles: stepped from a door and entered. The small room was dark, crowded, but dingy grocery store onto the Icy pavement, and neatly clean. There were carefully cut magazine poster cov- - - carefully guided her -way through 'the crowd toward ers on the . walls •of which the only other ornaments were the city's nearby tenement districts. Her face was smilingly . faded chintz curtains that hid in irregular bulges the family happy, and an anticipating light gleamed in her eyes. . In wardrobes. A cloth covered box of drawers holding a few · living over again the unique manner of making friends with dilapidated combs, brushes and toilet articles, with a dingy the newsboy who sold·her the evening paper, and subsequently niirror above, an uneven bed, a small stand and some rickety with his dear sister who operated a .machine that rolled the chairs completed the furniture. After removing her wraps, bandage she used in the hospital, she gave no heed to the Nan took the groceries to the kitchen and began rapid prethrong of weary laborers and the wearier men who were parations. She wanted to haYe everything . ready by the giving up the day's search tor employment. She was only time Minnie came back from the factory and Scrag returned conscious of happiness because she had been able to work for supper. · She started the coffee boiling while she opened warm packherself into their hearts to the point where she could, without offense, get up a little birthday dinner as a surprise for Scrag ages from the delicatessen shop, and placed celery, bread and when he came home for supper. She was glad because it butter on the table, covering the · holes in the white oil-cloth meant a touch of humanity- because through them she had \vith the dishes. Her absorption was interrupted by the entrance of Scrag's gotten her first inkling of economic conditions, and, in her growing interest, had discarded the fashionable "slumming" fath.er, who, shuffling wearily· out into ·the kitchen, stopped of society days for the real life among the peoples of the ten- suddenly when he saw her. ements. Her fi rst step, taking training in one of the charity "Good evening, Mr.- Williams," Nan began quickly, noting hospitals, had also opened a wonderful new outlook on life, his expression of surprise. "Minnie said I might come in and giving a grateful sense of usefulness in the world's activity. · get up a little surprise supper for Scrag this evening-for his She had been surprised at first to fin·d that the people she birthday, you know," she added, as his manner had not met in her new work was more interesting than her highly- changed. educated, polished friends of unquestionable social standing; Williams' jaw dropped. It had been a long ' time since they had lived more closely to life, gaining knowledge in sor- he had seen a happy girl preparing a wholesome rneal, or row and suffering without losing by cultivation a certain speaking enthusiastically of surprises. ''lEr-1 guess it is the human touch. She had been taught to scorn the city's tenth of January! I had forgotten--one day seems like an" scum" as her mother called it, but the :-----::--------------,other." His voice ended huskily. moment she met Scrag's sister Minnie "Sit down and have some coffee while who looked steadily and clearly from we wait," suggested Nan. Eagerly he quiet gray eyes that somehow made one took the steaming cup she offered him, forget the cheap dress, the anemic form and gulped down the contents. He and the pinched face, she had realized · watched her closely as she peeled an that pride can be greater than poverty; orange, and talked commonplaces. But and finally, when she had penetratNan's sympathetic attitude always inspired the girl's reserve, she was prouder ed confidence, and he was soon telling of her frien.dshlp than of all her successes her .of his long search for work since of her last year's debutante season. And the strike. He had always managed to this evening it was not ch.. rity in any find a few odd ·jobs until lately. Since disguise but solely Nan's own inclination the riot, when Mrs. Williams had been that had prompted her to plan a birthday killed by a "strike-buster's" bullet, the supper. complete to cake and candles, family had owed its support to the scant that would be the most wonderful feast earnings of Minnie, and the nickels Scrag rag had ever known, outshining the made with his papers. The doctor bill Newsboy's Chistmas dinner. and the funeral expenses were yet to be Obtaining a few hours' leave of abpaid. sence from her hospital duties, she had As she sliced the last orange, Nan felt made an excursion to some nearby marka terrible nausea growing in her. Here ets, carrying away all she could. Celery was John Williams-like many other lea es protudlng from a long bundle, John Williams' in that city--strong hags stuffed suggestively, proclaimed the healthy, kind, goodnatured, with all his nature of her errands. Not even the spirit and initiative long since starved heavy, careworn faces of the laborers out. unable to find even enough work could repress her enthusiasm. to support himself; living in the poor Reaching her destination, she carried wages of a frail daughter and a twelve year old san. She thought of a "civiliz:.. the bundles up two flights of stairs, pausing a moment at the third. Then she felt Onna Johnston. one of the Entertainers ation" that produced such wrecks. What 11.t Uano. She i,s a.tti.recl in shredded • her way through several turnings of the ~uano Colonists.would eventually happen to Minme? corridor. and stopping to fumble for the Would she marry Jim Sullivan. and re- �. The Western Comrade ,. F i ctioa {)tat her mother's experience as a sickly, ill-nourished 'wife surgeon wa~ gOing to wait aday. in the hope that it might not ' of a day laboref? Jim was employed in a garage--:..he might be absolutely necessary. · work up lo a higher place. And Scrag? What would happen Several 'times the folloWin.g day she stole into Scrag's room. to Scrag?. Scrag whose cheerful optimism and sparkling His head was turned from the door, and she did. not disturb personality twdve years of overwork had not yet been able him . . In the evening, when her work was finished, she tiptoed to crush; Would he grow into the .dull, spiritless · man his . into the spotless blue room. - Scrag opened his eyes as she father was ? She called \IP a picture of Scrag, with his ran her f~ngets !through the thic'k, cr\sp hair. "Scrag! don't irregular face, sad but for the twinkllng blue eyes that were you know me?" A smile crossed his face. shado\ved by shocks of stiff red scraggly hair that had given "Miss Nan-- ·" was all he could murmur, and his eyes him his mime. She· saw him running in and out the throng, closed again. . calling in a penetrating nasal tone-"Evening Gazette; TiiDes, . Sh~. was aroused from her reverie by a nurse, who· came Chronicle,- all about the big murder---." Suddenly she to call her to the office. There she found the specialist, calm, looked covertly at the father, sitting dejectedly in his chair, scientific, persuasive; Minnie, crying in a chair ,behind which his face in his hands, his elbows on his knees. Her throat awkwardly stood Jim Sullivan; and Scrag's father, shifting choked, and her eyes grew hot. She felt stifled-felt that uneasily in his seat. sh'e must get some air. Quickly she arose. The surgeon acknowledged her entrance. "Mr. Williams "Oh, there's soifiething I forgot-I must run back and get it. 'wishes to see you," he said. l think I'll be here ·before Minnie or Scrag return." She "Miss Nan, the doctor says they'll h.ave to cut off his legs hastily donned her ·wraps, and ran through the front door, or he'll die. Will they, now?" he asked piteously, searching bumping into Minnie who was standing outside. "It ain't · her face for hope. · · no use" ~he heard her say, "it's Jim I like best." In the semiTouched by the confidence in his appeal·, Nan could only darkness Nan could only discern a man's figure. "Oh , hello; Minnie,"· she said, pretending not to have heard, answer : " Dr. Newton knows best; he would not say so unless "! was just going back for Scrag's book tJ>,t I forgot to bring. it were necessary, Mr. Williams." "But I can't have him a cripple-a cripple" said the father, I'll be back before he comes, I think." .%e ran hurriediy scarcely aloud. :· down the steps- anywhere to get away frrrn that atmosphere! . "But don't you see" began the specialist gently, "that it is Gaining control of herself in the colo, b!acing air, she walk- a question of amputation or death? We want to save him if ed rapidly till she came to the corner where Scrag was often we can." to be found. Before she saw the familiar ragged brown coat, "I know" said Williams, choking, "So do I. But that'~ whyshe heard his voice coming: "Evenin' Times, Gazette- all why I can't- have it qone. Scrag- a cripple I" . about the big wreck- -"! She waited a moment on the "Mr. Williams, your son's injuries are such that he will die corner. Then she caught sight of him as he crossed the street. u~less we amputate tonight. There is no possibility of saving She again marveled at the agility of small boys in general, h1s legs; surely you are not so heartless that you do not want and of Scrag in particular, in passing through crowds and your son to live- - " tra ffic. He saw 'her from the distance and waved. He "Stop! for God's sake!" cried the tortured man. "Damn dodged a street-car and gauged the speed of an approaching you, don't you think I have any feelings? What ·is Scragg's motor accurately. But just as he darted past the huge fender, life now? What would it be if he lost both legs? He can't the big car skidded on the slippery pavement. Nan caught a make a livin' now, and if you make a cripple of him- -" glimpse of falling brown corduroy, and flying papers. Her "But if he dies"- began Newton. heart stopped, her knees weakened, but she managed to push Williams fumbled at the door knob, "Let him die!" cried through the group that was speedily collecting, and reached the old man. "If he dies, he dies once. If he lives, he dies the inner circle. A chauffeur was lifting a limp brown bundle a thousand---'-~ his voice failed him, and he shut the door· that was becoming red in spots. She clutched the man'-s a rm: he Wi1S gone. · · ' "Take him .to the Hall Street Hospital-I know him-" she said. · A tense silence held them. All were staring fixedly at the Then she saw that the man was Jim Sullivan. door where Williams had disappeared. Suddenly a sob 'filled "My God! It's Scrag !" he cried. the room. Nan 'remembered _Minnie. "Come to my room,· Nan pushed him to\vard the tonnea u: " ·, LJ take care of dear.~' and she drew her away, .as the interne followed Mr. · him: I'll drive" and jumping into the cha1· !t.ur's seat, she Williams. grasped the wheel. · When Nan returned, she found that the father had been With every muscle she strained, seemingly tryiqg to push persu2ded to allow the operation, which would take place that the car forward. ever had a motor seemed to creep so evening. She was' present, for Scrag asked for Nan to nurse him, and the authorities had consented. ~lowly. Never had the streets been so crowded. At last they reached the hospital. The resident specialist The days following were the hardest she had ever known. was summoned at once, and she waited breathlessly in her The emaciated face, the pathetic, pleading eyes of the once wrnp while the surgeon, assisted by a clean, capable looking merry boy haunted her. He became much weaker, and she interne, made a preliminary examination. knew his ill-nourished system could not stand the test. One "A ·serious case. Both legs lacerated and crushed above evening she sent for the surgeon. "I think we had better the knees. Amputation will be necessary. Have his parents call his family" she suggested, tremblingly. been told?" After a while Jim Sullivan, Minnie and her father had come. "I will ~end for hi~ father; will you.please call a messenger Scrag had grown delirious. .Minnie k11elt at one side of the while I write a note?" As she went out, th!,! young interne's bed. . Dr. Newton felt the boy's pulse. "He's dying," he !aid. eyes followed her, but she did not notice. Minnie took her brother's hand. . "Scrag-Scrag-., she The emergency nurse was given the care of Scrag, and Nan could not s.ee him again that day. She learned later that whispered. Williams had refused to permit the amputation, and that the (Continued on Paae fourteen) �The Western Comrade Page. twelve Y/as Schmidt Guilty? [This is the fifth installm•nt of Comrade Harriman's address in the trial of the Los Angeles dynamiting cases.] . ,- --. R. SCHMIDT told you tha;t he met a man by the name of j. B. Brice at Mrs, La.vin's. That he thought that M Mr. Keyes-"We did not know." · Mr. _Harri'?an-"Wa~ he not seen by your men last spring ?-long .!n Apnl? Deny tt on oath and I will prove you a perJUrer. · . Mr. Keye~"Oh; yes, I . do ·not know, bitt he was seen." was his real · name. That he did not know until Mr. Harriman-"He was seen!· They did not kno~! Do months later that j. B. Brice was j. B. McNamara. · you remember that Mr. Keyes told you that when a man is That he, Schmidt, was then under his own name. This fact fqun~ t~;>_ be fals~ in one thing that you should ·question his is supported by all the witnesses of the state. That he had veractty m all ithings? Look at him! This is the man who used his own name eyer since he arrived in ·the state ·in 1909. professes to be prosecuting, not because he enjoys it but That he was under his own name in Corta Madera where he because of his "divine duty." ' worked for 'seven months receiving live dollars a day for his Mrs. Ingersoll as Burns detectiv~. told them 'o f the Doctor. serviccs. _ _That he then went to San Francisco where he remained for a short time, after which he came to Los Angeles. He was a friend of hers. She knew how he could be induced That at all ·times while he was in Los Angeles he was known r~. shape his story. He was seen. His story was known. Ah, by the name of Schmidt and by no othe:r name. The State )115 story was part prepared. for h.im. The District Attorney produced only one witness to contradict this statement, who for~ot his divine duty when he endeavored to lead you to said she met him in Venice under the name of Perry. She belteve h~ d1d not know. He /would deceive you to induce was contradicted by three witnesses besides Schmidt him- you to gtv.e mo~e weight !than you otherwise would give to self, who swears that he was never known by and never the Doc~or s testimony. Now what are th.e facts? J. B. Brice came ·wtth Mrs. Ingersoll and · Dr. Ashworth to the house of used or traveled under the ·name of Perry. !\'ir?. Lavin when Brice met this :defendant. for the first time. Schmidt then returned to San F r<l ncisc:o and took up his fh1s was the testimony of Mr. Schmidt. We threw the doors abode again at Mrs. Lavins. It was there that Schmidt met . wide _open. We remoyed every obstacle, and gave to the proJ. B. Brice. He told you under what circumstances they met. ~~cutton an. o~portumty to ask the defe,ndant any · question, He took the stand like a man; he answer~d every question dtrectly or mduectly bearing upon this case. We said, now frankly and without equivocation , We threw the doors wide ~r. Prosecutor here is your chance, see if he can explain open. We asked him generai questions. We made it possible his wh~reabouts, mak~ rum c~ntradidt himself if you can, for the prosecuting attorney to ask him every conceivable show h1m up, tangle h1m, try 1f you dare to question .an inquestion that might, directly or indirectly, throw light upon nocent man. With all their boasted [thirteen years of exthe issue at bar. But you men sat in amazement as you perie~ce, and wi.th their imported genious from · Indiana, couplwatched the maneuverings of the clever attorneys, while they ed wtth the sk1ll and• accumen of Woolwine himself, they we're deciding that not one question should be propounded s_at dumb as a mule, and silent as the tomb, in fear and trembto this defendant. They did not •dare ask him a question. ling. "No. questions," was 'their response. They knew tha;t every question that they could ask would only Let ~s ·now. turn our atteJttion to the description given by further illuminate the innocence of the defendant. When they said "No •questions" every one of you was sorely disappointed. the va_nous wttnesses of the man who bought the dynamite an~ h1s ~esemblance to this defendant. Summing them up, I say he met J. B. Brice in San Fran cisco~ He did not the1r v~.nous.. statements wer~ about ~s fo~lows. i"They reknow who he was. He thought he wa.s j. B. Brice. There ~.emble, ~r He resembl~.s h1!!' ?!-it h1s ha1r wa~ sandy," or is a conflict of testimony a·s to how these men met. The He was ltght complected or H1s face was red,' 'or "He was District Attorney told you ! that they did not know to what shorter," or "He was fleshier," or "His shoulders were broadthe witness Doctor Ashworth would testify when he took the er," or. "His cheekbone was crushed," or "His eye was all stand. They are accustomed, as are air attorneys, to calling right," .or "He resembles him," yes, he resembles him, so also witnesses without first knowing \what they will say. Mr. does w1tness Bryson resemble the man. Indeed he resembles Keys, with his boasted thirteen years experience as a pro- ~he description in ·height, resembles it in weight, resembles secutor especially, is in the habit of calling witnesses to testm breadth of shoulders, resembles .in redness of face, and in ify on· matters of importance without knowing what they will tthe drooping eye. Had 'he been arrested it would have . resay. You will remember how often he has . so blundered in quire~ a far more careful and energetic defense on his part this case. Do you remember whein Mr. Keys requested the than 1t has on the part of this defendant. cour.t to take a ·recess in order that they might talk to one . Even though he answers the description given by the various of their witnesses who had just arrived; saying they had not Witnesses far better than does this defendant yet we do not had an opportunity to confer with him? And do you reeven suggest ·that he is the guilty party. · His cheekbone was memb_er that' the cour•t granted the request? Yet they brought not crushed in and his hair was not sandy. the Witness Ashworth down from San Francisco, according to Le~. us. revert to ~hese descriptions more in detail. Upon Mr. Keys, and put him on the stand, and examined him, exa~matton you w1ll be forced to the conclusion, by the without first confering with him. Mr. Keys told you that testimony of McCall himself, that this defendant was never they did not know what Dr. Ashworth's testimony would be in the office of the Giant Powder Works in San Francisco or ~hen he took the stand. I regret to say that that I statement elsewhere. · : 1s not true. · It was McCall who said positively that this "defendant is Mr. Woolwine-"] was lined for saying that to you." t?e man" who bou~ht the dynamite. It has been five years Mr. Harriman-"No, you were lined for cailing me a liar. smce McCall sa~ h1m. He has . talked to the prosecuting atI know how ~u say it without . being lined. I- told you ·th~ · torneys and their representatives many times since he saw the guilty Party live years ago. Doubtless he has been detruth." �The Western Comrade t'age thirteea .• scribed many ttimes by the officers of the State in these conversations and shown 'to him more than once since his arrest. But a mere statement that "this is the man" should be set aside, when statements made on oath before the Grand Jury five years ago, if they be true, make the present statement fals~ and impossible. . . What were the statements? Remember they were rnade five years ago, while the incident was fresh in his mind, while the picture was still vivid and before it had been blurred by a procession of men involved in similar transactions and before he had been talked to by the emissaries of the District Attorney's office whose conversations were fraught with suggestions and assurances so misleading, cunning and clever in their design. What was the testimony before the Grand Jury to which we refer? Here it is. Question-"What impressed you most?" Answer-"As I remember the man, he had something the matier with his left eye. I thought that the bone was broken, but I could not see any scar; not that I was suspicious, but I just wondered to myself what kind of a smash he could have gotten without getting a scar, BUf THE EYE ITSELF SEEMED ALL RIGHT." Why did .you not have McCall tell that while he was on the stand? Was it your divine duty that caused you to conceal it? The fact is, the bone is all right but the eye is not all right. It is out and sunken. Li~ ten! "I wondered how he could have got such a smash, and broken the bone. But the~ eye was all right." Shall this fact be set aside and forgotten? The man with an eye that was all right and a broken cheek bone, was not this d~endant. In the face of this stubborn fact can you believe the mere statement of McCall that "this is the man"? Mr. Gilmore was also one of the clerks at the office in San Fran cisco where the powder was purchased. He ·saw the same man whom Mr. McCall saw and described. Mr. Keyes· the divinely inspired prosecutor questioned him while on the stand. Yet •this "fair" attorney did not ask this witness if he could identify his defendant. The defendant was compelled to put him on the stand. What did he say? Listen, and let his testimony sink "deep into your hearts and minds, for the statement he. makes confirming the statement of McCall before the Grand Jury should be the determining fact in lhis case. These sta•tements alone show absolutely and beyond the question of a doubt that this defendant is not the man that purchased the powder. Listen. The fair Mr. Keyes refused to let us cross-examine this witness. He denied us the privilege of asking this witness if the defendant was the man who purchased the powder. He objected on the ' technical point that it was not cross-examinatiOn. He did not want the man to state the tru'th. He knew what the truth was and that this man would state it. This fair prosecutor whose duty is as profound toward this defendant as toward the state, would rather hang a man on a technicality and gain for himself a reputation, than ~o let him go free upon the truth. Upon the objection of Mr. Keyes the witness was excused, and as he walked down the court room toward the exit Mr. Kenzie asked the court "is it possible that we will be compelltid to hold this man here two weeks merely for the purpose of asking him one question?" "No," said the court, "bring him back." He was then asked if the defendant was · the man he saw · in the office with Mr. McCall. . He said, "I saw a man that resembled him. That man at the 'time met with some kind of an · accident like he had been· hit with some instrument .that fractured the bone, not the eye." Two men saw the same man flve years ago. they 'described the same defect in the same way, a crumed cheek bone but an eye that was all right. The man to whom that eye and that cheek bone belonged wu ~ot M. A. ~~hmidt, this defendant. There can be no question of that, Question____:."He resembled the defendant very much!" . Answer-"! do not say 'very much'; he resembled him." This witness would not even \say that the man resembled this defendant very much. This defendant's eye is out and sunken, and his cheek bone is 'as sound as a dollar and is as free from blemi.sh as is his heart from guilt. Come, Mr. Schmidt, stand before . them. Let them see for themselves. · Now let 'us turn our attention to the Argonaut Hotel concerning which there has been so much said. Who is Mr. Hill? He is the man who had talked to the man ] . B. Brice. This man Brice occupied a room in the Hotel. Mr. Hill was the Hotel clerk. He had talked to Brice. He knew him. He had changed him -from a single room to a double room so that two men could occupy it together. They registered at the sam:e time. But the defendant was not the man. Hill never saw the defendant before. He is an experienced Hotel man. His attention had been called especially to Perry. He remembered the conversation. ~ He remembered the details about changing the room. But Schmidt's face was a strange one to him. Yet he was trained and had an u'nusually accurate · memory for faces. Surely Schmidt is ot the man. Now comes a man by the name of Cook. He is a bookkeeper. He had kept the accounts of the Iron Workers at Indianapolis for years. He knew I the hand-writing of J. ]. McNamara and Hockin as well as he knew his own. He saw their letters and signatures every day for years. He identified their signatures in the registers of various Hotels throughout the country. In 'rio case had his identification been questioned either by the state or by the government. The Argonaut Hotel register was placed before him and he swore that •J. J . McNamara wrote the name J. B. Brice and that Hockin wrote the name Perry on the register. If his testimony is correct then it prove.s that Schmidt was not there. If lit ~as not · correct it proves that experts on hand-writing cannot be relied upon. . It reminds me of the expert who testified in a Pennsylvania case, tha t a certain 'document was written by a certain person with a forward movement of the · right arm\ when as a matter cf fact, it was written with a p~n he"Id with the toes of a man · who -had no arms. How easy this question could have been settled once for all. The prosecuting attorney could have been demanded tha:t Schmidt write the name of F. A. Perry. But they did not dare. They knew that he did not write it. We made it possible for them to question him concerning every detail connected with their theory about the Hotel, but they were silent. They preferred to rest their case upon the testimony of so called experts, than to unfold the truth wrth this defendant. The general manager of the hotel who was practically always in the lobby never saw the defenda!Jit there. Only a bell boy claims to have seen him on. the day of his departure. What evidence on which to convict a man! It is too preposterous for serious consideration. ("Was Schmidt Guilty?" began in the M~y number and will run for several months. Back numbers, ten cents a copy.) �Paae fourtem Co-operatiea The Western Coa'T.....Ie.,-- • Co-operation· In Russia ID ~units state. Differing widely from Socialism, co-operation, at the (From "The Russian Co-operator.} E co-<>perative .movement in Rus&la penetrates eye'?' same time, is not the same as capitalism, and its whole object comer of the vast territory of Europe and As1abc is to· fight the latter. But it fights it with its own weapons, Russia. It embraces 40,000 separate cO:Operative · and the .end 9f one must necessarily lead. to the extinction of and ·12,000,000 of the empire's male citizens. the other. But, being thus fundamentally different from Socialism, The strengdt of the co-openitive org?-~ization is i~~reasing, and the difficulties ·attendant upon mihtary necess1bes . have co-operation can under certain conditions become a transition only served to stir this organization and. afford increasing . form . towards the latter. This is a view taken by many comutual confidence and sympathy, broademng the outlook of operators, and, in this connection, it must not be forgotten that co-operation originated from the socialistic ideas of Owen -.0 Id organizations, giving enlightened purpose to the new,. as they realize the ever more important part they are assummg and Fourier. These "ideas fell on a capitalist soil and gave a peculiar fruit--co-operation." · in the economic life of the nation. Of greater importance than its origin are the tendencies The Russian co-operative movement is already fifty years shown by to-operation: Does it tend to transform the present old but it has now acpuired the strength and vigor of manhood · order into a Socialistic one, or not? under our very eyes. Without exaggeration, it may be asserThe tendencies shown by the lines "of the development of ted that no other country pos~esses a co-operative movement the movement are different in the case of societies recruiting so broad in scope or affedting so many classes in the economic . their membership amongst peasants or amongst the working world. classes. Conceived and carried out by the people for the benefit of Co-operation among workmen gravitates towards Socialism the masses, Russian co-operation possesses all the force. of in the form of collectivism, although by itself it cannot transnew and original democratic ideas, the breadth of orgamzaform the capitalistic order into a SociaJisiic one. On the tion characteristic business ability and caution in action. At other hand, co-operation among peasants, although radically pres~nt the co-operative movement in Russia is lighting a stern affecting the position of the latter toward the market, does battle on behalf of the people against unprecedented high not destroy the existing system, but on the contrary, prices, and it is making heroic efforts to relieve distress i~ the strengthens their position in it. rural districts. It undertakes the purchase of consumers reSuch are the limitations, inherent in the very nature of coquirements and sells their agricultural produce, both in Russia operation. That, however, will· not preclude it from occupyand abroad. It has performed excellent work in providing for ing a prominent place in the social movement which is now the needs ~f the army. Huge supplies have been organized spreading in Russia. by the co-operative movement under the direct auspices of the "Therefore, fellow co-operators, go forward towards a state departments. Its financial position is sound, the turnover hetter future! Forward towards the Kingdom of Labor on of all the co-operative organizations approaching 2,000,000,000 rbls. The co-operative organization is a power which has the basis of fraternity, equality, and liberty!" to be considered very seriously by the authorities. All this has taken place during a period of political oppression and in the absence of co-operative legislation. In pre-Revolutionary Russia, the co-operative societies were the only form of organizations, widely spread among the He opened his eyes ,seeming to recognize her, a nd smiled. masses. At the same time their membership was chiefly con- Then his lids slowly closed. A frown passed over his face. fined to the peasants, while co-operative societie~ .among the He was speaking under his breath. All strained forward to working classes were weak and few. The food cns1s provoked listen. by the war has increased the number of the latter form of "Extra! Extra! all about the big wreck"- his voice trailed societies, and there is no doubt that their future growth will off into nothingness. Then his face cleared, and he smiled receive now a powerful stimulus in the free conditions that faintly. Minnie's head fell into her arms. have been set up. This will also be 'the case with co-operative "Scrag--!" she cried. soci~ties in the villages, and the co-operative movement will For a while nobody stirred. Then, oblivious to all the have to play a most important part in the social problems others, jim raised her gently. "Minnie" he said, "iMinnie, let which face the New Russia.· It becomes thus a matter of the me take care of you now. Let me-" greatest urgency to trace the relation: between c~-operation For a moment she hung limp in his arms. Then she pushed and Socialism, as the political atmosphere is saturated with herself back, bracing her hand against his shoulder, and gazed into·his eyes. the ideas of the latter. Whatever the origin of co-operation may be, it does not "jim," she whispered softly. And then "jim!" she burst by itself constitute Socialism, but on the contrary, it is rooted out passionately "jim, would you do aJI this over again?" in the present capitalist state. Co-operation is an economic She motioned toward the bed, including in the gesture the organization, based on private ownership and aiming at the bowed, broken figure of her father. private-economic advantages of its members. In a Socialistic Nan's eyes followed Minnie's to the face of Scrag. As she :state thete would be no room and no need for co-operation, looked, all the tragedy of his kind seemed to overpower her. because the former presupposes 'the abolition of capitalist She staggered to the door. The young interne followed her economy based. on exchange. . anxiously. In the hall he caught her arm. She lifted piteousThus co-operation pre-<~upposes the existence of an eco_n- tearfilled eyes to his, and saw understanding there, with someomic order based. on private ownership. However, that does thing that made her accept the comfort of his 5houlder. "'The DOt mean that co-operation is but one form of the capitalistic big wreck-the big wreck_.' was all 5he could ~ay. �The Western Comrade Co-operation Page 6Eteen Co-operation the World Over Notes About the Chief Co-operatives Gleaned from Many Sources The Goodhue Co-operative Co. Our company, the Goodhue .County Co-operative Company. Red Wing, Minnesota, was organized in November, 1907, succeeding the Workers' Co-operative Mercantile Company. The Workers' Co-operative Company was organized in 1904. Its object was to improve conditions for . the working man. Prices of all commodities were advancing. The merchants were well organized and arbitrary, and it was to counteract the effect of the merchants association that the first co-operative venture was lounched. The effort was not a pronounced success from the start. No sooner was the co-operative store opened for business, than the "other merchants" began a campaign of price-cutting, belittling, and about every known method. to wreck the new concern, but the men who had organized the co-operative were workers and fighters. The "other merchants'' said the co-operative would not last th ree months. They managed to pull through a year. By the end of the first year they had got over their .. stage fright," as it were, and could see a new vision. They got more of their fellow workers to join them. Shares which were at first sold for $15.00 were now raised to $25.00, and trade picked up. Tne first store was located in the west end of the city near the tile works for which our city is noted. By 1907 farmers were becoming interested in our store and after much discussion and many meetings, it was decided to re-~--, The ·Paciflc Co-operative League In 1913, in the city of San Francisco, a few far-seeing persons decided to combat the high cost of living by organizing their buying power. The result was the Pacific Co-operative League, in which sure and immediate ~enefits were obtained in co-operative and centralized buying. . The steady and rapid growth of the Pacific Co-operative League shows it to be a permanent concern. Over 1000 members have joined and at different points throughout the West and the stale of California, strong auxiliary clubs, and in some points stores, have been formed. The benefits secured through the League are · remarkable. A saving of 10 to 25 per cent in the grocery bill is common, and the saving on goods other than groceries is considerable. One club in 1916 saved its members $3000.00 on coal alone. Another club reports conservatively that the saving was 25 per cent on purchases since aJiiliation with the Pacific Co· operative League. The League has the enthusiastic endorsement of many prominent publicists and is an active member of the International Co-operative Alliance, which numbers over 40,000,000 people.-From a letter from E. Ames, President, Pacific Co-operative League. ----- -- --- -- -- - -- organize the company on broader lines, increase the capital, and open a s tore in the business district. The services of"M r. \V. F. Vedder, now of the American Cooperative Organization Bureau of Chicago, were secured, and when one hundred and seventeen subscribers for stock had been secured, ou r present company was organized. Shares were sold at $100.00 each, and each subscriber paid $5.00 for membership fee. The volume of business for the first year amounted to $57,000.00. We have grown each year both in membership and volume unt il last year we did a business of over $268,000.00, and have about 450 members. We have divided back in interest and dividends over $35,000.00 and have about $12,000.00 in our reserve fund. During the year of 1916 in conjunction with · the Red · Wing Realty Company, a subsidiary of our company, we erected a beautiful new store building 112xll6, ri-ght in the heart of the best business district, Goodhue County Co-operative Co. Department Store, Red Wing, Minn. at . a cost of approximately $100,000.00 complete. Up to J anuary 1st, 1917, we handled only groceries, shoe; and meats. In our new building we are handling Co-operation tn Russ1a besides the above, dry goods, ladies' ready-to-wear, noen's and boys' The European War has had an invigorating effect on the co-operative clothing, hardware and farm machinery, and have space arranged for movement in Russia. furniture, carpels, rugs, linolcums, etc., as soon as we ca.n get capital The co-operative societies, which now have a membership of more than to add them. . 11,000,000 have taken part in organizing 'public effort for supplying the During all our efforts, we have had the n:oost bitter opposition of almost army with food, in careing for refugees and the families of soldiers. every interest of our city, especially the retail and financial, until someThe co-operative movement in Russia was SO years old in 1915, the times those of us who arc at the head of the institution wonder if it is first co-operative society having been sanctioned in 1865. In the first really worth while. Then again we look at our beautiful home, take 40 years the progress was slow. In the last 10 years the movement has a big look into the future, gauge it by the record of the past, and try been especially ma rked, so that today the movement, with a membership to make ourselves believe that even the Lord of Hosts could have little of 11,299,404 has reached a position which is said to be far ahead of use for a "quitter." tha t in all the countries of Europe.- The Australian Worker. Yo urs for co-operative success, GEORGE F. GROSS, Manager. The V a I u e 0 f Co-operation Co-operation supplements economy by organizing the distribution of wealth. It touches no man's fortune, it seeks no plunder, it causes no disturbance in society, it gives no tro uble 10 statesmen, it enters into no secret associations; it contemplates no violence; it subverts no order; it envies no digni ty; it asks no favor; it keeps no terms with the 'idle, ar.d it will break no faith with the industrious; it means self-help, selfdependence, and such share of the common competence as labor shall earn or tl.ought c;m w;n, and this it intends tQ havc, -G. J. Holyoake. Co-operate! When the prehistoric caveman lived and struggled long ago, He was strong for independence as he ·wondered to and fro. If he had a neighbo r handy he would tear him limb from limb, And the thought of social meetings never much appealed to him; Till one day a wiser caveman-sort of prophet, priest and scribe-Pointed · out the simple merits of ass.embling in a tribe. "Let us work and fight as brothers, with our strength combined," he said, "For we've got to get together if we want to get ahead." -BERTON BRALEY in Organized Farmer. �The Western Comrade fage mlem Co-oper a ti ve . Banking · By Clinton Bancroft N view of the hostility existin~ between organized capital to devdop indu~tries operated on a plan that recognizes labor and organized capital, it is strange that the the manhood of labor, the history of the last fifty years would memhers of labor unions continue to patronize the have been differently written, and the co-operative commonbanking institutions which are the very bulwarks of wealth would hare been fifty years nearer realiz{tion. If the that capitalism. Private banks {and by priV'lte banks I mean vast sums of money which labor deposits in capitalistic banks all non-co-<>perative banks) furni-sh the "$inews of war"- to should, in a reasonable measure, be turned to the development of a new industrial system, the result would. be a marvelous the very _c apitalism engaged in the war upon organized _labor; and the banks get those sinews of war largely froq~ the de- . transformation of the conditions of labor in this country. It posits of their patrons. So that 'it may be t~thfully said, is strange that organized labor has never atliempted to control that the laboring people themselves furnish to capitalism the the savings of its own members, and turn the immense advanmeans by which their own oppression is wrough't by depositing tages resulting from such collective control back to themselves. One reason why organized labor has neglected so powerful their money in exploiting banks which, in turn, loan it to exa means of helping along its cause as banking, has been that ploiting capitalists. It is strange_ that laboring people seem never to have the banking fraternity has for the most part succeeded in thought of that, and stra nge r still that their leaders have · keeping an outward appearance of neutrality in the contests never tried to organize these deposits in a way that would have between labor and capital. The attention of the people has helped the people themselves or at least established depos- never been forcibly called to the subtle part which these itories where th e fund s of th eir people would be safe and at neutrals actually play in the campaigns of capital. Another reason, doubtless, was the commonthe same time free from capitalistic ly accepted bel!ef that banking is a manipulation. The working capital of very complicated and hazardous busibanks is not furni shed by the large ness; that it requires a very high ordepositors. These keep their money HAT do the working der of talent to run it . successfully, moving too fast to do the banks much people do with their when the fact is that it really requires good. It is upon the aggregation of money? Who gets the use of it less business ability to conduct a bank small deposits that the banks depend successfully than almos't any other when they deposit it? Is there for their effective capital, and these business. Integrity, prudence and a are furni shed in 'the main by producno way in which they can reap common-sense judgment of security ti ve labor, by the worki ng people. If the advantage, collectively, of values is absolutely all that is required. the worki ng people should withdraw 1he huge sums that a re deposited Any honest man with ·common-sense th eir deposits it would seriously cripple by them? The great mass of the the exploiting banks ; and if they prudence can with practical certainty laboring people do not realize make a successful banker. Dishonshould go furth er and ban k their earnings with a co-<>perative institution it esty and speculation are at the bottom the vast power that lies iil th~ would be a long stride toward solving of the majority of bank failures that great aggregation of their prodthe labor problem, both by bringing result i'n loss to depositors. Failure ucts in exploiting banks. from legitimate causes are rare. But capitalism to a sense of its dependence upon and subservience to labor, and the commonly accepted idea has preby helping to establish an industrial vailed, and the idea never seems to system which, in itself, would largely have occurred to the people · that be a solution of th at problem. The great mass of laboring bankin g could be conducted on the co-operative plan (that is, people do not realize the vast powC'< r that lies in the great so se riously as to assume the proportions of a general moveaggrega tion of their deposits in exploiting banks. Census me iit) and on any other plan they were too wary of corpora· statistics show that deposits in savings _banks alone amount in t ion methods to invest in shares even had it been suggested. round 'numbers to abo ut fi ve billions of dollars, and as the Another and very potent reason hai been that organized average is only about four hundred and fifty dollars per capita, labor and labor leaders in the main have devoted themselves these deposits may be said to belong to the laboring classes or solely to securing better wages ~nd shorter days. They have to those naturally in close sympa thy with them. What amount tried to fight it out on that line alone. Very little effort has of deposits in other banks belongs to these same classes it bee n made among them to help themselves by organizing any would be difficult to estimate, but it would undoubtedly reach ~o rt of industrial plan whereby labor might be freed from exa large sum. The total deposits belonging· to producing labor ploiting capital. Labor leaders carefully refrained from such must run well up to the seven billion figure. By depositing efforts; indeed, their policy has been to 'discourage the unions this money in private exploiting banks, the vast industrial as such from •t urning their arttention to industrial reforms of power which ~hat sum represents is voluntarily placed by any ki'nd. That they had some fair reason for such policy labor at the disposal of the capitalism of the day which uses can not be denied. They found labor unorganized and the it to strengthen its own power and destroy the i"ndustrial hope main thing was to -organize, · and they !had to proceed along of the people. lines of least resistance. But in later years the organizing It is voluntarily placed by labor in the hands of those whose spirit and power of labor has been so ·well developed that sympathies are agamst it, and whose active opposition will it is no doubt a great mi'stake, not to say blunder, to try and always be felt against any labor movement that appears to hold the laboring people to the single questions of wages and have a chance to succeed. If instead of de·positing their sav- hours. It has been demonstrated that they are well able to ings in the banks of their indi!str;al enemies · they had organ- . handle industrial and business enterprises most successfully; ized cO-<Jperative banks and retained control of this vast (Continued on Pa~~:e lwenty-rhree) ] W �Paae The Western Comrade "Evening Thoughts" PL.AYLET composed while musing alone in my room at sunset. . · The Antelope Valley as seen from the new-born town of Llano might well be called the Valley of Dreams. It is an almost mystic place. Its wide . unbrQken reaches of semi-desert, swathed in a delicately soft purple hase, above which the dist<~nt mountain peaks arise in silhouette against a turquoise sky have a tendency to place one in an almost reverential mood. The evening on which I first wrote these lines was one of these; sublime in its tranquil majesty. It suggested the thoughts of infinity. The Infinite-What is it? I had been reading an account of a particularly ferocious battle. It seemed as if I could hear the wail of the dying. In the conflagration of passion, life was being extinguished. Life-What is it? · Here was the desert in almost infinite solitude and peace, yonder were men whose every thought was blood and death, and woe. With these thoughts in mind I wrote, "Evening Thoughts." The Infinite in the character of a Greek god is seen upstage soliloquising. The Infinite: I am all that is. I encompass the boundless seas of two Eternities. Past and Futurity are my servants. The center of the sun and of the remotest star are part of me. I am time, space, and substance; boundless, endless, and .untouched. Life enters as a matronly woman, in the best years of life. She stands at the door a nd listens in silence while The Infinite speaks. As he ceases she walks for~vard, addressing him. Life : Ah! What you say is true, my father, and yet without me you are nothing, your elements are dead and purposeless, a wilderness of forces, a chaos of ions, sere and unlovely as the dead and barren moon. Unless I quicken, Infinite as you are, you are not ·conscious of your existence. The Infinite : Yet you, my daughter, are part of me; born from the womb of my sweetheart, Substance, nurtured by the blood of her elements; I am your father and keeper. Life: It is true that I was born of Substance. It is also · true that I had Death for a nurse who fed me on the blood drawn from my own veins. The Infinite: Life indeed subsists on Life, that she may rear her children. Love, Joy, Happiness, and Trust are her favorites. She also rears Suspicion, Hate, Sadness, and Pain, and these groups drain each other's blood that Life herself may endure. Love and Joy enter as young man and woman, wreathed in garlands of flowers. Love to Life. Love: 0 mother! how good it is to play with Joy in the rose embowered gardens of Hope and Trust. The stars shine with a most wonderful luster; the night is filled with glory ; the hills are clothed in loveliness, when seen from these enchanted spots·. . En'ter Suspicion and Hate from the right, they glare at Love and nudge one another. Suspicion to Hate: There Is work for us in that garden. Hate: Yes indeed, those two may play for awhile in these gardens but we must see to it that they do not learn to work together. se':enleen By D r. J o h n D e q n e r Suspicion: For if Love and Joy make a partnership ' to Libor, "what becomes of you and D Life looks around, sees Suspicion and Hate at the door but appears not to recognize them. The Infinite (to Life): Daughter, are these not ·your .· children, Suspicion and Hate, in the presence of your mQre favored children, Love and Joy? Life (to The Infinite): They are not my children, but born to your eldest son, Necessity. · The Infinite: He is your husband. Life: I know he· is my husband, but he never was my love. My love was and is Ideal; him I am denied, because of Necessity. Necessity has a concubine, her name is Lust, and out of that unholy union these two were born together with Sadness and Pain. They dwell in my house only to torment my children. These two are friends of Death the Destroyer. (Death passes a door upstage.) Suspicion to Hate: I will persuade Love to go wi'tb me to the house of our mother Lust; that will leave Joy in the hands of Death. Hate: Agreed, that will be perfect. 0! my brother you are a gemus. Suspicion approaches Love, who has strayed a little space from Joy. Suspicion (to Love): How handsome you are when adorned with blossoms. Love: Leave me. I know you not. Suspicion: 0 yes you do, I am your half brother. My mother is our father's Sweetheart. Love: Go away, my mother hates her. Lust: Naturally. Your mother envies mine. Love: Why should she envy her? Lust: Because my mother knows many wonderful secrets that Life would hide from you. My mother has the golden key to the enchanted ga rdens of Rapture and "Passion. Love: And pray why should my mother want to hide ought from me? Suspicion: Because she is envious; 'he knows that if ever ·you get acquainted with my mother, she will teach you to eat the fruit of Power; to use the things that make you master· of men. You will learn the great mysteries of life, the perfume of Passion, by the use of which you shall become a queen in your own domain, equal to· your mother, Life. You will see Joy as he really is, a servant and not a sweetheart. Love: I understand you not. I love my mother. Susricion: Your mother and mine love our common father. We a re to that extent brother and sister. Can you not see why your mother is jealous? Love: I suspect that what you say is true. Suspicion: Let me prove it. Love: Lead the way. Suspicion: Follow me. (They exit to the left.) Joy (to Life, excitedly): Who is that fellow who went away with Love? Life: He is Suspicion, the friend of Death. Ha te laughs, as Death enters from behind The Infinite. Ughts go out for an instant, and Life and The Infinite are seen alone. . Life: · 0, why must I endure! The Infinite: To bring forth Love and lose her; to bring her forth again and again, until all the brood of Fear, Envy, Hate, Suspicion and Death shall learn that though Love diea a thousand deatlu, yet she is immortal. �Page eighteen BookReTiewa The Western Comrade Reviews of R-ecent Books "Day and Night Stories" by Algernon Blackwood. Journeyings .into the world of mysticism under the guid'!l'ce of such ~as Al~ernon Blackwood hrings back the fairyland of childhood; leads tJ.J again into the youth of the race. His latest ·volume of short stories, "Day and Night Stories'' maintains the high Blackwood standard set by such cla,ics as "The Centaur," "Julius Le Vallon." "The Extra Day," "The Human C"hord," "John Silence" and "The Wave." · Mr. Blackwood has the power to make real the "unreal." . The "un- . real"" is to moot of something we don't understand. Radiuin was "unreal" to Sir Isaac Newton. Wireless telegraphy an<l airplanes were " unreal" half a cen tury ago to the best scientific minds. The "real" is what we understand (or think we comprebnd) . Algernon Blackwood is no mere •.veaver of wild fantasies. If as a child you want the sheer Right of imagina l ion; if you want to exp)ore the impossible ~ if you want to renew the thrill of Kipling's masterly "Brushwood Boy'o over ~d o"ver ;:oain ; if you want to look ini<> forbidden territory of the mvisible · w0o rld- then r~ad Blackwood. But there is far more than this in his book . "Day and t\ight Stories" covers a wide range. As in the score of rrcvious books from the pen of Mr. Blackwood, there runs through these tales a definite philosophy. The wothor is a deep student. His word painting is thai of a master artist ; his philosophy fine and clear; his ~nders t aiodin g almost uncanny. The fifteen tales take us into England, America. Egypt, the Alps- but always into the heart of nature and into the hea rts of men. iVI r. Blackwood is the skilled surgeon in both fields. He has achieved the dream of Manfred and here we sense "the viewless spisit of a lovely sound.'" · Return to the primitive harmony of man with his environment, unspoiled by the artificiality of cvilization. this is a part of the lesson we learn. Place ourselves in harmony with the elemental forces of wind, fore and water. The oneness of life is shown- the oneness of man and the trees and flowers of the forest. The oneness of the present life th rough the ages. Man's belief th• t he knows has kept him from learning. The church betrayed its trust; the priest killed the conception of God ;,nd substituted a garbled counterfit. Science rebelled against this counterfot and declared no God exeist; that there is no spiritual life possible. Blackwood doesn't preach, but his stories do. He is one of the rare prophets leading the race back into spirituality. peeping into the face of God. forecasting the life in the fourth dimension and showing the possil>ilities just around the corner when man emerges from the fear that has characterized religion for countless centuries, into· the faith that is to be the keynote of the future religions. We hear of faith and belief in some of the older religions, but in practice it has been a feeble note, while the clamor of fear has dominated. "Perfect love casteth out all fear.'' Mr .. Blackwood is showing the way into that path of love. "The Initiation" depicts the finding of Beauty in the heart of the primitive pines; the taking away of all fear of death in the worship of life. nature and beauty as revealed in their underlying unity. ""Ihe Touch of Pan" is a bee.utiful .idvllic excursion, and at the same time a scathing denunciation of the lives ;,f the \itled parasites and upon the social · standard which relegates real living· to a place of scorn. "The · Wings of Horus'' forecasts the possibilities when man shall understand his relation to the universe-and by faith take his place in harmony wi th the elemental forces. "An Egyptian Hornet" is a fine portrait of a moral coward. the product· of the religion of yesterday. And so, all of the stories- each individual and searching. · No one writer has done more for me in the way of combined entertainment, intellectual orientation, understanding and spiritual growth than Algernon Blackwood. (E. P. Dutton & Co., New York.) "Those Times and These" by Irvin S. Cobb. Irvin S. Cobb is a master humorist- nothing of the depth of philosorhy of Mark Twain- but a close reader of human nature. I like him because of his telling the truth about California. I like him because of the abounding pathos and overftow of humor in most of his works; for the high standard that prevails even in so much copy he turns out a t so many cents a word for the big magazines. I disagree with his vi_ewpoi'1t on practically all public questions, national and internationalwhich doesn't bother him a t all (nor me). Cobb is never better than in the tales of his old Kentucky home where he was born and learned the newspaper game before going to New York City to grow fat and famous. "Those Times and These" is a collection of stories I can cheerfully recommend as the best ever, for it introduces once more old Judge Priest. Now, the Judge is an Americar. character who will live. He belongs to the Kentucky •soil. We have learned to love the uprisht old fishter By D. Bobspa and his companion, Sergeant Jimmy Bagby. From time to time during the past few _years Cobb has been opening the secret Chambers of his heart in love tales of the old home country. Judge priest has fussed and hurried through many of them until li!te. Cappy Rich and Matt Peasley, l:.etitia Carberry and her two spinster friends. and Billy Fortune, he sells a magazine on sight if he is suspected of being in a story. There are ten of "Cob's best"-how does that sound for a new brand of Kentucky stogies?-in the collection. Ex-Fighting Billy ; And There Was ·Light; Mr. Fleshburg Gets Even ; The "Garb of Men; The _Cure for Lonesomeness; The Family Tree; Hark ! From the Tombs ; Cinnamon Seed and Sandy Bottom; A Kiss for Kindness ; Life Among the Abandoned Farmers: Cobb impresses me as belonging to the court,ly days of the past generation than to the generation merging into the future 'humanism. Be that as it may, no other writer can equal his telling of the survivors of the period of the Civil War. (George H. Doran Co., New York.) "Gone to Earth" by Mary Webb. Mary Webb has a close understanding of the lives of people of the countryside. She has a sympathy fqr these people whose lives are centered in the soil, whose eventful periods reach a climaic: in crops; whose fears, ·hopes and joys 10enter in 'the clouds and sunshine as related to those crops ; whose chickens, 89cks. and herds make up a great part of the universe. In "Gone to Earth" she lets ftow her imagination, in much the same vein shown in her previous novel, "The Golden Arrow.'' She shows a developing power in her new book. Not all production~ ·can be of the mountain peak variety. We must 'live the greater part of our lives in varying levels. across plains and through valleys and on sunny slopes of the foothills. So, in literature, we cannot . dwell ever among the superb masters-a dwelling perpetually with the gods would not be good for us- at leaSt not just yet. And so. while "Gone to Earth" is not one of the immortals. it has the qualities that makes the good book-sympathy and understanding. Human nature, with its relief of quaint and spontanous humor are the background for the passions of human living woven into the tale. (E. P. Dutton & Co.. New York.) "The Definite Object" by Jeffrey Farnol. Jeffrey Farnol is known to the readers of current fiction through his previous novels, "Beltane the Smith," "The Broad Highway," ''The Amateur Gentleman," and "The Honorable Mr. •T awnish." He comes before the public this summer with "The Definite Object; A Romance of New York.'' A gratifying merit of Fr. Farnol's novels is that they Rre stories for their own sake, not ro!Rances about which to hang some moral or social question. The present story has not been published serially, and comes fresh to the readers. The scene is laid principally in that portion of New · Yo;k known as Hell's Kitchen. ·In the novel, Mr. Ravenlee. a young man just a little past the fi •st draft age. ennuied, bored and distracted because there is nothing in life of further interest, because of the millions of dollars. automobiles: servanis and country and· city homes. The champion heavyweight of the world piloted his automobile and his "butler was a work of art, the envy" of acquaintances. · · With these accomplice;. he acc~mpanied a young burgler whom he had apprehended in his New York residence. to Hell's Kitchen, where a room was engaged of a good hearted woman of angular build. He ventured poverty and went into the street as a peanut vender. Then the "definite object" appeared in the person of the sister of the burglar. The robber reformed after proper moral vicissitudes. The sister was a beautiful girl, the idol of the heart of the leader of a desperate gang of gunmen. What this prince of good fortune does under the circumstances allows Mr. Farnol to introduce some entertaining and exciting chapters. --{Little, Brown & Co., Bo;ton.) "The Adventure of Death" by Dr. R. W. MacKenna. "The Adventure of Death" is a valuable messag~. another envidence of the passing of materialism as a philosophy. When a Scotch M. D. defends immortality it is time · for the followers of materialism to do a bit. of thinking and scrap some of those ten-cent pamphlets from which they learned their philosophy of· life. Dr. Robert W. MacKenna writes like a paet. Bill Hyatt says he ought to write novels, so more people would be led into the joyland of his beauteous expression. . Of his earlier chapters, "The Great Adventure," "The Fear of Death," "The Painlenneu of Death," and "~thaD- �The Western Book Revii!WI_ Comrade a•ia" I shall make no comment, pertinent as are his suggestions. It is in the closing part of the book I find most interest. Here are treated the questions of what life gains from dea th, whether death · ends all, is man more than matter and survival of personality. Death, says Dr. MacKenna, is the force tha t gives force and meaning to -life. Is man more than matter ? Let us listen to ·a beautiful comparison: "But let us imagine tha t our . materialist is a mustctan, and let us set him before a piano out of tune, with stiff keys and a half-a-doze~ broken wires, . and wi tho11t telling him of the crippled condition of the instrument, · let us ask him ·to play Beethoven's Moonlight ' Sopata. . On s.uch an instrument tha t exquisite harmony would becom'e a discord. The player has all the necessary skill; the score is before his eyes, and his fi.,gers touch .the keys at the right time. But the instrument is damaged; a hammer falls where, there is no wire to catch its blow and tremble into music, and instead of a concord of sweet sound we have a chaotic dissonance. The analogy is a permissa~le one, and when the disgu~ted _materialist rises from the instrument, we may point out to him : that just as he has been unable ·to extract harmony f~om the damaged .pian9, • ' so the mipd cannot, or at least does not, . play the harmony of liEe on the keyboard · of a diseased brain." The brain is placed on the- defen~ive as a limitation of mind. If is compared to the window which lets into the i room of our being the ploy of ruiud. The survival of individuality is also advocated. "Reuon can make but one answer, which is, tliat mind is also imperishable. and must persist." And "it persists as personality, with this essential. difference, that it is freed f rom the trammels and limitations of the pb,.ic~l body " (G. P. Putnam's ' Sons, New York.) with The E d i t Dr. G. Hen-ri Bogart. of Shelbyville, Illinois, veteran writer, poet, lecture r and editor, woke up the medical profession last month with a widely published .article on venereals in the United States army. Dr. Bogart is a graduate of two medical schools, but didn't like the .c ommercialized guesswork a nd graft of the profession and so has devoted himself to free la nce lecture work and wri ting. His essay, "War, Morals, Health- the Futu re," appeared in many of the leading medical journals las t month. Dr. George L Se rvess. editor of the "Denver Medical Times," wrote: "Although I had completed the arrangement for the contents of the ,\,.~ust issue, I am sending the manuscript to the publishing house, telling them to drop everything else out of the issue and run this article." Dr. Bogart has given to the conservative world the knowledge that the radical press has realized fo r a long time. He brings his personal ln· \ esliga tions and long prefessional s tudies to bear in an au tho rita tive con demnation that not even the "nice" respectables can overlook. Dr. Bogart is on the staff of a score of medical journals and is doing much to humanize the profession, being, like Dr. William J. Robinson, one of those "sane radicals'' who fail to see the "ethical" distinction tha t would make a _mystic priesthood of the medical profession. * * * Orientation is the c rying need of today. We must face the future, wherein lies new worlds in the throes of travaiL But those new worlds will spring from the seeds of the past. Let us turn occasionally in the mids t of the stream of new books to a consideration of tho-se which have already become classics. What can be better for your spare hours than a thorough study of C. Osborne Ward's "The Ancient Lowly?" Why not make these two pregnant volumes more than a name ? Here is "A History of the Ancient Working People from the Earliest Known Period to the Adoption of Christianity by Constantine." If you have read Simonds and Oneal on Americ-an history. you h ave learned that this study involves the working class and is something mo re than merely wars and battles. Ward will take you back into the misty past and show you the history of your class in the days when the re we re no beings on earth but priests and kings of importance--to judge from the distorted "facts ' we learned in college. No c'a pitalist house dared publish the original edition of this revolutionary work, which in eight editions has carried the gospel of proletarian history. There are a few minor details- no ted by the publishers- in which la ter i-n vestigations have develop~d a different conception of some soctal phenomena . These in no wise disparage the general value of the author's deductions, a nd the two volumes still stand one of the greatest monuments of research into the true development of mankind. You will find tha t Tom a nd Rena Mooney were not the first strike leaders to gel into trouble with the ruling classes for trying to help the people; and your 'Sparlacus to the Gladiato rs" will ring wi th a clarified tone after a study of the " Ancient Lowly.'' What do you know about the len-year war in which Ennus marshalled an army of 200.000 soldiers against the economic slavery of Rome? Historians have been silent on such matters of the uprisings of the proletarian masses. ,. ,. ,_ Closely allied with "The Ancient u;wly" as a class document of virile force is Dr. Lewis H. Morgan's "Ancient Society: or Researches in the Line of Human Progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization." Dr. Morgan is the a uthor of a numbe r of authoritative books and was one of the prominent scientists of the nation. just as savagery a nd barbarism gave way to civilization, the last ·named. is now yielding to the dawn of -humanism, socialism, or whatever name · future generations will term it. Standing on the verge of this new world, it is important to take a survey of the three preceding periods of man's lens of thousands of years on earth. Four main divisions are treated in this book : "Growth of Intelligence 0 rs By . B. Bobspa Through the Inventions and Discoveries" ; "Growth of the Idea of Government"; "Growth of the Idea of th~ Family"; and "Growth of the Idea of Properly." The first division tells of the ethnical periods, arts of subsistence, and the ratio of human progress. Then, following a . treatment of the organization of society upon the basis of sex, Dr. Mor~;an tells of the development of the gens. in the Indian tribes of America, among the Aztecs, those of Rome and Greece, together with the gentes of other tribes of the human family. Among the interesting discussions are the growth of various confederacies in eastern and western hemisphere, the Grecian Phralry, the institution of political society, and the change of descen t from the female to the male line. : · This brings us to the consideration of the ancient family, the consanguine family, the punaluan family, the Syndyasmian and the patriarchal families, the monogomanian family, sequence of institutions connected with the family. The books conclude with the subject of the -three rules of properly . inheritance. * * * As the Jewish bible is simply the collection by a wrangling committee at the dictate of Constantine, so there has grown up a radical "bible," though it has not been crystalized into a single set and made a fetish of. So, to my list of classics I would add a note concerning a more recent production than the above. The elected "representatives" of the people have ceased to function. The courts and the dictators rule today. So it is interesting to !<_pow the inside history of our ruling tribunals. Charles Beard in "The Economic Inte rpreta tion of the Constitution" told of the ori~in of the sacred bull of the supposed basic law of the land. The tale of the setting aside even of this supposed bulwark of liberty by the courts is told by Gustavus Mye rs in his "History of the Supreme Cour.t of the United States." He is the autho r of "History of Great American Fortunes," "History· of Tammany Hall.'' and "History of Public Franchises in New York Ciiy." " Palpably a · dominant class," writes the author, "must have some supreme institution through which it can express its consecutive demands and enforces its will, whether tha t institution be a king, a parliament,. a . congress, a court, or an army. In the United States, the one all-polent institution automatically responding to these demands and enforcing jhem has been the Supreme Court of the United Stales. Vested with absolute and unappealable power, it has been able, with a marvellously adaptable flexibility, to transmute tha t will not merely into law but into action. Hence, the na rra tive of tha t court inevitably becomes a history Of the origin and progress of capitalism and correspondingly of the forces in society antagonistic to the capitalistic order." · The book is no a ttack on persons connected with the supreme bench. It deals wi th fundamental causes, the working out of forces of which the jurists were often unconscious tools, the product of their blighting environment. Neither is any space given to theories or to hypothetical cases and arguments. -It is based entirely on historic fac ts, the verification of which can be made by investigation of public records. No denials have been successfully launched agains t the book. The facts are brought-down to the year 1912. . While some important developments have transpired since then, they are only an extension of the powers and activities outlined by Dr. Myers. • • • In the na me of comrades, I extend to Comrade Ethel Lynn the -love of fellowship in this sad summer .which ma rks the death of her devoted husband. "Dar." was described in Dr. Lynn's late book, "The Adventures of a Woman Hobo." Each reader felt ·a personal acquaintance with this fine comrade in the discriptiqns of his devotion to his wife as written by her. It is sad tha t just when the book is winning a wide national popularity the companion of the hardships and joys it describes sllould be removed from us through death. �Page twenty Proparaada -Terms of Peac·e The Western Comrade -0 By Ida Crouc:h-Hazlett - -- IHEN shall we be ready for peace? Will it be next and would give Russia, Germany, Servia and Austria a chance I ;~ek or next year? Will it be when the angel of to get to the sea. · death is seated at every fireside and the earth is . The longer the war is continued the more disastrously - - - desolated of the priceless achievementS of civiliza- the infection · spreads with no possible outcome but exhaustion? · ·tion to the status quo. The Socialist sees in this inevitable Now is · the accepted time. The evidence is apparent that exhaustion the final collapse of the capitalist form of prothe German aggression is not likely to succeed. The results duction from ·inherent defects of its financial mechanism, obtained by Great Britain ar~ meager. France has not many international bankruptcy and confiscatory taxes, and, tremend- · men left. New Zealand is exhausted. · The British working ously stimulated by the war, exportation of products, both · class is on the point of rebellion. Canada is mutinous; and as capital and merchandise. the German defensive is practically untouched. Russia ·canAn international syndicate for the development of the backnot be depended on even with the pistols of the allies at ward ports of the globe, and a common tribunal to which all her heart. She · has the sweet wine of Brotherhood in her concession seekers and investors will submit their claims means veins, and even her Battalion of Death cannot produce a · an escape from armament. This means the establishment of will for slaughter when there is none. The United States democracies of all people in all advanced powers as the only has the entire experience of war to learn before she can be real method with which to encourage and assist backward nations. counted on. The conflict of classes must be- stopped so as not to em"No indemnities and no annexations." No indemnities could repair the colossal devastation; no indemnities could broil whole peoples for the advantage of any class. All factories of war supplies and munitions should be owned be squeezed out of the weaker antagonists, and, if the war continue much longer, the protagonists will be "bled white." by the governments, and not operated for private profit. The Indemnities would be a fruitful irritant for future wars, and privileged classes would lose their enormous profits by peace. the question of their division would be extremely difficuft Armaments should be abandoned to rebuild indust~ies. to solve without friction. New democratic standards for the world must take the Each nation should have the freedom to expand without place of the clash of classes. The disarmament of all nations intervention from any other nation. The State should not except for the purpose of actual defense would strike at be a collection and insurance agency for foreign investors, privileges, profits, and immunities. No permanent peace is but its sovereignty should _end with its boundaries. Investors possible until we have democracy. Junkerism and democracy should take risks on their own initiative, and should be strip- cannot unite on a peace program. All strategic places should be internationalized; all routes ped of the support of the home government, with no army over which international traffic flows by sea or land; all ports, and navy to back them. Disputed territories should be allowed to vote on their straights, seas, canals, and international railroad lines, as boundaries and allegiance. This would give a United Poland, Gibraltar, Bosporus, Suez, and the Bagdad railway. All the agencies of foreign relations should be democratheretofore ravished by Austria, Germany and Russia. Italy's desire for predominance in the Adriatic brings it into conflict ized and an end put to secret diplomacy. The making of war should be lodged with the people. with the Slav seeking the sea, and the Italian ports have become more Slavish than Italian. Alsace-Lorraine is more Armies and navies should be democratized and military caste . destroyed; and so long as defense must be provided for, a German than French. The open door, free trade and freedom of the seas would democratic, citizen army should be the type, an indu-strial now largely settle the problems of 1>9rts like Trieste; Fiume, army that would be employed in public undertakings. Constantinople, Casablanca, Agadiz, Koweit and Antwerp, The cause of labor and peace and democracy are one. WI Prohibition and Discontent -~E New York Tribune's staff correspondent at Spokane reports a new argument against- prohibition by the lumber men and other large employers of the Northwest, recently gone. Labor- unrest, they complain, is due to the lack of drinking places where men can forget their troubles, to wake up the next morning with no money in their clothes a nd the necessity of going back to the boss to beg for a job. The correspondent puts it thus: "The men from the camps come to town with so much money and it lasts so long. . . They have the new spirit, a new independence. The I. W. W. leaders say frankly that these sober, well-to-do men are far better material for them to work on than the blear-eyed, wiskey-soaked gangs that used to loaf around the I. W. W. halls for shelter. They have an interest in economic questions, and they lilce to hear serious, even if revolutionary, speeches. They begin to think. Well dressed, well groomed, grasping in th~·r soberness of life, they · begin to consider that the orator a ues well when he tells them that they have as good brains a d more brawn than their From "The Public" employers, and that it is merely because they permit the traditional masters to •stack the cards' on them that they do not own the industries they work." If the I. W. W. is doing this for the lumber workers and the constructi-o n workers of the Northwest, it is entitled to our gratitude. Any fallacy in the I. W. W. doctrine will be found sooner or later by men thus awakened to serious thought, and they will either leave that organization for one that offers soberer promise or they will change it from within. The testimony of these employers, paraphrased by the correspondent, confirms that of the ·regular trade union leaders of Colorado and Washington that prohibition has been a blessing to the labor movement. The best of our labor leaders are rapidly coming to a realization that the old political alliance between booze and labor has been an unmitigated obstacle, that labor has been jobbed again and again by the liquor interests to whom it turned in its times of desperate need. Mr. Gompers' steadfast opposition to prohibition will not much longer represent the prevailing attitude in labor circles. �• The Western Comrade Arricaltare Page tweDty-one • News and Views In Agriculture Hoover says: "The savings of the American consumer should be made by the exdusicm . of speculative profits from the handling of foodstuffs, . and not by a sacrifice on the part of the producer." "11.;. is no time for the illegitimate food manipulator. Hoarding and speculation are rife." . ·"Those producers who fail to sell their crops at a reasonable price should ·use them at home." "There is no occasion for food panic in this country. . There is no justification for outrageous prices." ·. "What we hope to do under the food survey and administration legislation is to stabilize prices by vario~s devices, and to regulate the profi ts and speculation out of handling commodities." W e e d s a r e W a t e r ·W a s t e r s Few people appreciate how thoroughly weeds · rob the soil of its surplus moisture. An experiment recently conducted at the Nebraska Experiment Sta tion· shows tha t whereas a certain a rea of com abstracts 300 pounds of water from the soil, a similar area of sunflowers robs. the soil of 1200 pounds of water. It can be seen from this what a waste of soil wa ter occurs when rank-growing weeds a re allowed to survive. Illustrative of what a lack of soil moisture will accomplish in the way of plant grow th, another Nebraska field trial is of interest. One acre plot of corn that was never cultivated or worked yielded twenty-two bushels of corn, as compared with a like area that was thoroughly cultivated and produced seventy-eight bushels of corn.-Country Gentleman. M a nu r e and F-er t iI i z e r s A ton of stable manure usually contains 10 pounds nitrogen, 10 pounds potash, and 5 pounds phosphoric acid, making a total of 25 pounds of plant food. The excess of nitrogen in · hog and sheep manu re, is greater than in horse m anu re. In cow manure the excess is a little less than it is in horse manure. In the four manures, horse, cow, hog, and sheep, the ave rage excess o f nit rogen is about the same that it is in horse manure, or about th ree times as much as it should be for corn.- Co-operato r' s Herald. Cow s a nd C a l v es Foul in the fool in catlle is caused by standing in mud, and may become senous. To cure, cleanse the space between the toes by drawing a small rop through, th~n apply sulphate of zinc, one drachm in half pint of wa ter. Regulari ty in feeding and milking the cows is very important. Both should be done at regular set hours each day, as cows quickly form habits, and any delay is apt to cause _worriment, which will mean a lessening of the product in the pail. It is a mistake to cut out the morning milking during the time of scant' p roduc tion, as some f<l rmers a re ofien known to do. Do not fail to have your herd examined a t least once a year by a s]<illful vetenarian to see if tuberculosis has gained an entrance. Promptly remove any tha t respond tq the lest. Neve r under a ny circ ums tances add an animal until it has passed a rigid examination. It is impossible to say just how soon in her life a heifer should be bred. The distinctive, specialized dairy breeds may b< bred earlier than the large strains. Sollll' heifers at sixteen months a re as fully developed as others at twenty-four. Therefore the experienced breeder will breed according to development. A good liniment for all kinds ·. of swelling on dairy cows, as well as on all other farm animals, is made by mixing equal parts of turpentine, sweet oil and camphor. Apply liberally and frequently to the swollen parts. Good milch cows do not generally carry a large amount of flesh. It it impossible to produce milk and flesh at the same time. But they need good feed just the same. To get the best flow of milk during the winter, cows should be bred so as to come in the fall. They begin to fall off in milk in spring, but the grass will stimulate a larger flow, and they will keep it np until time to be dried off for the next calf. In this way the non-milking ·period will be at.. a time of the year when butter and milk are tile lowest.- United States Dept. Agriculture. Drying Vegetables . Vegetables can be preserved for future use by drying. One point to keep in mind is that the drying should be fairly rapid so that there will be no chan~e for the vegetables to spoil before sufficiently dry. Another point is · that the vegetables, if fl.,.hy, should be cut into ·slices !Is to ~ inch thick. There are several ways of drying: sun heat, artificial heat and air blast. ·There are several makes of driers on the market. The trays on which the drying is done, should have unpainted screen or wooden slat bottoms. The open bottom allows beiter circulation of air. than calf be secured in a pan. Several of these trays can be placed, one above ano.t her and when set over a stove the heat will pass through the trays and bring· about quite rapid drying. The electric fan, when available, can be used to force a current of air through the vegetables . . In drying the vegetables they should not 'be dried until crisp but to a leathery consistency. It takes experience to tell just what degree of dryness is best.-Famters' Bulletin No. 841. · World's Greatest ·Food Crisi Sixty million men have been withdrawn from the fields of labor in Europe. Reserve stocks of meat, grain, butler, eggs, canned food, have been and are today falling below the danger level. The Allies have bought for FUTURE -delivery 300,000,000 bushels of .1917 wheat. Unless our government intervenes, wheat may sell at over four dollars a bushel. A>tyway, ninety-nine million out of our population of about one-hundred million pooitively refuse to admit any emergency•. So it is the duty of the American farmer to prevent a possible worldstarvation. Think it over, and begin to act.-The Western Empire. Spineless Cactus as Feed A trial wiih spineless cactus as a feed for milch cows conducted in the University dairy herd showed it to have no more merit ·than suggested by its chemical composition (92.8 per cent moisture, 0.3 per cent digestible protein, 3.9 per cent digestible carbohydrates and fat). It proved unpalatable to our cows, but undoubtedly in some cases it has been eaten by cows and hogs with a relish and in considerable amounts. Aa 100 pounds contain less than eight pounds of dry ma tter, and but slightly over four pounds digestible nutrients, it can only be looked upon as an appetizer to stock that have become accustomed to it, and cannot be considered a substitute for either roots or silage, as is sometimes claimed.Berkeley CoUege of Agriculture. The Alfalf a We e vi I Alfalfa is California's most valuable fo rage crop. It is the backbone of the livestock industry .of the state, and its protection from destructive pests is ·t herefore of prime importance. .. The alfalfa weevil (Phytonomus posticus Gyll.) is the most destructive pest of alfalfa occurring in the United Stales, and against it California maintains a stric t quarantine. This insect occurs a l the p resent lime in Utah, the southeastern corner of Idaho and the southwestern corner of ,Wyoming. It w.. s introduced in some unknc:>wn way from the old world, where it is found throughout the Mediterranean region. It was first discovered in this country nea r Salt Lake City, Utah, about thirteen years ago, where it covered only a few acres of territory. Since then it has spread with considerable rapidity, although it has not made any extended jumps in its distribution.-State Commissioner of Horticulture. Bristles Young pigs should not run in heavy pastures when the dew is on the grass. The best c ross to produce pigs for bacon is one between pure-bred boars and sows of the same breed. To speak plainly, crossing of breeds is rather risky except in the hands of one who thoroughly understands breeding, and such men do not practise it to any extent• . Many newly-born pigs die immediately after delivery just for lack of a helping hand. If a sow farrows nine pi_gs and loses three, a loss of cne-third is experienced; but few look a t the maller in that light. They generally consider themselves fortunate that the other two-thirds of the Iilier pulled through. About three weeks before · farrowing, pregnant sows may be given a ration consisting of nine parts of rolled barley and one part of tankage, or three pounds of skim-milk to one pound of the barley. This method will insure strong, lusty, active new-born pigs.-Farm journal. �Page twenty-two T 'h e We s I e r n Co m r a d e ENTER THE NEW CONTEST NOW! You can ea~ Y?ur way to Llano by taking subsc~iptions to the Llano.- Publications write today for full information a~out the second Grand Membership.· Circulation Contesf which offers valuable premiums·: EWALD SANDNER Who won a membership in the first contest CLOSES DECEMBER 31, 1917 Reduced Freight Rates on Shipments of Household Goods from all Eastern points to California Members· of tloe Llano del Rio Colony will lind it especially advantaceous to make. their shipments tloroucla tbe "The Truth About ·The Medical Profession" By John A. Bevan, M. D. · Columbia University (Inventor of the CEsophagoscope) The result of dinical and pathological re~earches at Guy's Hospital, London, and JUDSON Freight Forwarding co·. the Bellevue Hospital, New York. 443 Marquette bldg, 640 . 01d South bldg, Boatmen's Bank bldg, 855 Monadnock bldg, BENEDICT LUST, N. D.. D. 0 :. D. C.. M. D.• writes : "The book is splendid and will· help to enlight~n many skeptics who · •till believe in medical superstition." Chicago; 324 Whitehall bldg, New York. ; Boston ; 435 Oliver bldg, Pittsburg; 1537 St. Louis; 518 Central bldg, Los Angeles; San Francisco. WRITE NEAREST OFFICE. ·" Can You Reduce Weight? Information regarding my Obesity Treatments is contained in ~ little booklet and consists of fully explained systems of dieting, exercises, bathing, manipulative movements, and. various other essentials to effect thr: desired results. Persistency in this common sense and proved treatment will surdy bring results in your case as it has in others. No drugs are used ; it is a natu~al and beneficial way of reducing Bc:sh. It gives full ddails for daily conduct. In sending remittances, state what J>Orlion you particularly wish to have reduced and emphasis will be given as to what treatments will prove · most benelicial. Full $5.00 Treatments, $3.00 Mrs; C. M. Williams, Uuo, Cal. Prof. DAVID STARR JORDAN, M. D.• writes: "I have looked over the book called 'The Truth About the Medical Profession.' There are a great many things that are forceful and truthfully said.'" GEORGE BERNARD SHAW writes : "There are some quite interesting and important things in the book." Cloth Bound, Postpaid Paper Bound, Postpaid $1.00 .50 Llano Publicatio~s, Uano, Calif. �T h e W e s 1e r n Co m ra d e Page lwenty-three Co-operative Banking Contin~ed fro.m pag~J6 · -I Articles Promised For Early -Is~ues, and co-operative banking is one of them. • The failure of the government monetary system to proVJde . the people with a volume of money equal to :!he ne~ of exchange has forced them at times to resort to vanous · devices to supply the unprovided need. The banks themselves in the past as well as at ~he present time have been forced to provide temporary relief by issuing clearing~house certificates, certified checks, bills of exchange, federal reserve notes, and other forms of com~rcial paper during the frequent recurring financial crises that are a necessary evil of the prevailing monetary system. To .the private capita~isti<; banks the necessity for such acti.on arises only when th~uddenly need to mediumize their ~ecurities, that is, reduce them to an exchangeable medium form. To the people such necessity is chronic. On account of the miserably inadequate volume of government money they are continually forced to capitalize their securities•. to mediumize their wealth or sacrifice it by buying with it a scarce and hoarded legal tender for which there is an enormous over- demand and a corresponding under- supply. Through the federal reserve scheme therefore, the banks are only doing what the government ought to do. But by that plan the associated bankers of the country have successfully ~iezed the money-issuing funation o( government and control it absolutely for themselves. Notwithstanding the scheme may be aulthorized by the Congress, although it may be called a "federal reserve bank" and however large Its capitalization may be, yet the establishment of such an institution is usurpation of a government function by private individuals which can have but one- result-the progressive enslavement of labor to private capital-ownership. The issuing of a medium of exchange is a government function. To demand that the government go out of the bank business by ceasing to be the issuer of money and turn the function of mediumizing values over to the private banker, is like demanding time to roll backwards. But an essential social function that Is undertaken by the government and inadequately 'performed, must in self-defense be supplemented by the people themselves or they must suffer until the government sees proper to do its work well. The beneficiaries of the government monetary ;ystem, the bankers, are too highly pleased with the inadequate performance of this functi.on to allow it to be done any differently. The people have suffered long enough patiently waiting ·for capitalistic experts to give them relief. The time is near at hand when they will be .forced to supplement this government by establishing a system of banking and exchange that will promote industrial production instead of thn;>ttling it, one which will develop the country's resources for all the people instead of artificially centralizi'ng them into the private fortunes of a few. "Scraps of Paper." "Scraps of . Paper" is one of the most realistic bits of source materi•l that has been given to the public. It consists of nearly a score of reproductions of the German proclamations in Belgium and F ranee. These bulletins, of which we have read so much, are reproduced photographically in all the original colors of blues, greens, yellows, white, orange and red. We seem to be traveling through the very war zorie itoelf as we look upon these martial posters. A full page is given to each post~. with the .tr,anslalion and a historical note given on the owosile page. (English version brought oul in America al 25c. New York. George H. Doran ·Company.) ~TICLES of general inte.r est which \\-ill A . tssues of the WESTERN COMRADE appear in e~rly are now bemg prepared~ . Mr. H. ·G ..Teigan, connected with the national headquarters of the National Nonpartic~n League of St. Paul, Minnesota, has promised a series of three articies on this remarkable farmer's organization._ lEach wiU consist· of between 2500 and 3000 words, or about two pages of the WESTERN COMRADE. Perhaps only a minority of the readers of this magazine have any knowledge of what his virile, .vital, growing, thriving organization is achieving. It has spread througout the wheat belt of the northwest and / is traveling southward. It controls governors and legisla'tures and has a representative in Congress. Et is economic and political in its functions. Controlllng the :governing forces is but a means to an end with these farmers. Their platform calls for government ownership of elevators, etc. It has ·gained for its members a more stable market for : products and higher prices. It has organized purchasing facilities that secure necessities at lowered ligures. In his series of articles Mr. T eigan will give a brief history of the achievements of ·this extraordinary organization. With no claim of being Socialistic, it is securing the very things that Socialists •have talked, worked, and voted for. Therefore it is of in~erest to every person who believes in co-operation, and it should convert those who do not. We believe Mr. Teigan's articles will be eagerly read. Universal Brotherhood "n::IS is the name a group of Socialists chose for an .organ! ization which would be of interest to Socialists. It was started in Fresno, California, in 1915. It, too, Is a vital organization which interests all who ·believe in co-operation. just now certain details are being perfected, but shortly . the WESTERN COMRADE exJ)ects to begin a series of four or more articles which will tell of the ideals, growt:h', plans, and achievements · of · this auxiliary to the movement for emancipaJtion from . capitalism. The prime purpose of the Universal Brotherhood · i's lo ·secure the benefits of co-operation without requiring· the purchaser t0 finance a Store.. How it has been achieved suggests an easy solution to the problems that have hindred, ohti'mes, the growth of co-operatives .in this country. But there are ideals connected with the Universal Brotherhood; it is more than a mere purchasing society. The · Universal Brotherhood now has headquarters at 3058 Iowa Avenue, Fresno, California. It is attracting the close attention of radical and progressive people of Central California. No definite date -has been set for the beginning of this series, but it will probably commence within the next two or three issues. ~ About Manus _c riph Only typewrillen material or that wrillen with ink will be given consideration. Please pul your name and address and date on manuscripts. The WES'ffiRN COMRADE does not pay IOBSh at present. Please s_tale if you desire return of manuscript. · The COMRADE is always glad to consider contributions, but nothing ·of a controversial nature will be printed. �THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF SOCIAL ECONOJ\'!Y. Three Cor·r-espondence Courses of Study Organized in 1900. Students in ~I giish -Speaking Countries LESSONS PREPARED AND TAUGHT BY Walter Thomas Mills ·), - Any of these Courses can he t~ken by a single individual or in class~s. Work can begin at any time · and· can be completed as quickly as anyone is able, or the time ·may be extended as may be necessary. FINELY ENGRAVED CERTIFICATES are given to those who satisfactorily complete the work in any of these courses. H . J I.-TEN LE5...-~NS IN tHE STUDY OF . SOCIALISM. ere are II.-TEN LESSONS IN THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKU\G. the Courses I III.-TEN LESsoNs IN THE coRRECT AND EFFECTIVE ust. oF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. THE TEN LESSONS IN SOCIALISM Lesson 1.-The -Evolution of Capitalism. Lesson 11.-The Evolution of Socialism. Lesson IlL- Scientific Socialism. Lesson IV. -Tbe Failure of Capitalism--The Commg of Socialism. Lesson V.-Trades Unions and Sor.ialism. Lesson VI.-Tbe Farmers and Sociaiism. Lesson VII.-The Midclle Class Workers arid Socialism. Lesson VIIJ.-Religion, Education and Socialism. Lesson· lX.-P"olitical Parties and Socialism. Lesson X.-How to Work for Socialism. Each of the ten lessons which have been especially prepared by Mr. Mills, the author of "The Struggle for EJ<ist~nce," gives special directions for the study of some one topic as given in the above schedule. Each lesson give• a summary of the subject matter to be studied with special references to all the paragraphs in the text book bearing upon tha t topic and designating those to be read only, as well as those to be carefully studied. Each lesson in the course is followed by a list of test questions, the answers to which are written up as studied and forwarded to Mr. Mills for correction, approvKl or reco!TUllendations for further study, together with answers to any special questions asked. THE TEN LESSONS IN THE CORRECT AND EFFECTIVE USE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Lesson 1.-The Building and the Mastery of Words. Lesson 11.-The Classes of Words. Lesson Ili.-The Relation o( Words to Each Other. Lesson IV.-The Building of" an English Sentence. Lesson V .- The Finishing W-ork on an English Sentence. Lesson VI.-The Forms of Speaking and Wriling. Lesson Vli.-The Telling of Story and the Explaining of a Situation Lesson Vlll.-The Building of an Argument. Lesson IX.- Effective Corre$pondence.· Lesson X.-Wriling for Publication. These lessons consist of ten pamphlets, each complete in itself and containing all the material nece~sary for a student's work. Each lesson is followed with test questions and the manner of procedure in doing the work, the same as above. a TEN LESSONS IN THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING Lesson 1.- The Training of !he Voice. Lesson H.- Gathering the Speaker's Materials. Lesson lli.- Constructing thi Artumpt. Lesson IV.- Tke Delivery o a Speech. . .. .:. Lesson V.-Adornment and ower in Public Address. Lesson VI.-The Speech and t~e Occasion. Lesson Vll.- Errors in Speul,. Lesson Vlll.-Controversial Speech. Lesson lX.-How to Manact a Crowd. Lesson X.-The Personal Qlialities of all Orator. In these lessons, as in the course of English, each lesson is co:nplcte in itself ~nd no text book will be required, and the manner of proceedore will be the same. REMEMBER :-If you wish to understand the labor question, .to deal with the high cost of living, to •jnderstand the rise of militarism and the way of escape, to light effectively for the young, the disabled and the aged, in short, if you wish to be a good and an effective Socialist, begin at once the study of these lessons in Socialism. If you wish to have a voice as dear and musical as a bell, so that people will listen to you just for the music of your voice, to be heard distinctly by the largest crowds, to have a throat of steel that will never fail you, to have a great fund of fresh and interesting information, to be able to think at your best on your feet and before a crowd, to be an ~ffective salesman in offering goods or in presenting ideas, to speak without notes and never forget, to address a th rong as though you were speaking to a single friend and to become yourself the incarnation of the message you take to others, then take these ten lesson• in the Art.. of Public Speaking. If you want to write for the press, not for the waste basket, to be understood, not to be laughed at, to write letters that bring replies. to sorvo on committees, write resolutions or party piatforms, to gather the greatest fund--of information, to write a story that will read when printed as it sounds when told, to recover from the brogue or the broken forms of foreign speech or of untrained utterance, then take these lessons in the study of the English language. · g THESE LESSONS WILL BE WORTH YOUR WHILE. The following well-known speakers, writers and organizers were once students of Mr. Mills: George R. Kirkpat~ick, Anna Maley, Fred. D. Warren, Kate O'Hare, Frank O'Hare, Guy Lockwood, Mrs. Lockwood, Oscar Ameringer, Phil Callery, J. W. Slayton, Gertrude Breslau. Fuller, 0. S. Wilson, judge Groesbeck, Ceo. W. Downing, Agnes Downing, John M. Work, Mrs. A. M. Salyer, Ceo. H. Turner, George D. Brewer, J. E. Snyder, George Scott, Mrs. Bradford, Walter and Rose· Walker, Anna Strunsky Walling, T. E. Latimer, Caroline Lowe, James O'Neal, W. C. Benton, J. L. Fitts, J . L. Engdahl, Dr. Nina E. Wood. TERMS: The Course of Lessons in Socialism, including a paperbound copy of "The Struggle for Existence" by Walter Thomas Mills, free. $5.00 for a single student; in classes of five or more, $3.00 each; in clasaes of ten or more with text book foee to each student in any case, $2.50 each; or the course free to allyone ordering ten copies of the doth-bound edition of "The Struggle for Existence" at $1.50 each (regular price $2.50) ; or ten copies of "Democracy or Despotism" by Walter Thomas Mills, regular price $125 each, to one· address. The Courses in the study of English and in the Art of Public Speaking are $10.00 each for single students; in dasses of five $7.50 each; in classes of ten or more $6.00 each; or either Course for a single student free to anyone ordering fifteen cloth-bo,md copies of "The Struggle for Existence" at $1.5D (regular price $2.50); or fifteen copies of "Democracy or Despotism" at $1.00 each (regular price $1.25) to one address, purchasers paying the freight. 4j Now is the time to get ready for the winter's work. You can invest in nothing that will pay so large a return as when you invest in yourself. You can earn these courses getting up clubs for the books. You can greatly reduce the expense and add to the pleasure and profit of the work by getting up classes in any of. these Courses • . ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS, always mentioning that yo~ saw this ad in THE WESTERN COMRADE, to The International School of Social Economy R. R. No. 1, Box 15, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA. �A Nice Girl read. And you must dry your feet so. nobody'll ever know.-Come on!" . He pulled her toward the house, and into the .living room · with its book-lined walls. "Dad," he said to his father, who. sat r.eading in front of the fireplace, "here's Nan. She got her feet wet and has to 1 dry them." He seated Nancy by the fire and began running his fingers over the books ·on the shelves. "Say, where's that book, 'The History of Reproduction?' " "On the second shelf there tp your. right." One .keen look took in the girl's tear-stained face and muddy shoes. He appeared to be absorbed in his book. "Make y.o urself at home, Nancy," he said, and returned to its pages. The boy found the book and handed it to Nancy. "You can read it while I clean the mud off your shoes. It's a peach of a book." He stooped and began to unlace Nancy's shoes. And his father's eyes, at once shrewd and benignant, rested for· a moment upon the forlorn girlish figure, timidly, trustingly opening the book; then dropped to the dark, down-bent head of his boy. . . "Well done, David Bolton," he softly whispered to himself. MORE ABOUT Lo ul s iANA (jj You will want every word about the development . of the . Llano Colony in Louisiana, ai1d you will want it at the earliest moment and as frequently as possible. (jj You can get it just as jt happens every week in the Llano Colonist lc a Week · .SOc a Year In Clubs of Three for $1.00 THE WESTERN COMRADE7Sc a year; In Clubs .,f Four. or . More ·at SOc LLANO C€lLONIST wjth.Jb&..COMRADE$1.00 a year; ' In clubs of Four or More a t 75c. Successful California Co-operatives Continued from Page 25 ara tely. Remonstration with the middleman and with the speculator were of no avail. These parasites continued merrily with their game of exploitation. The result was an almost universal and simultaneous movement of co-operation for the .JlU!JlOSe of marketing fruit products. · · Practically all the co-operative organizations in California, are formed 'for the sole purpose of marketing fruit products. With the exception of the Pacific Co-operative League of San Francisco, which is a wholesale co-operative store, this is the only variety of co-operation. Many of these co-operatives are capitalized at a million dollars and handle an enormous amount of products. · It is interesting to note that in every instance, the farmers were not EDUCATED but DRIVEN to the acceptance of cooperation as a remedy for poverty and exploitation. Earn Your Way Into Llano (jj You can do it by secunng subscriptions to the Llano Publications. (jj One man has already earned a !pembership. Others have earned Stock. (jj Write at once for full information about the Second Grand Membership Circulation Contest. It closes December thirty-first. Now is the time to get subscriptions while the big new Louisiana Llano Colony is being formed. THE LLANO IJ...ANO, LLANO PuBLICATIONS LLANO, CALIF. "The Truth About The Medical Profession" By John A. Bevan, M. D. Columbia University (Inventor o f the CEsophagoscope) The result of clinical and pathological researches at Guy's Hospital, London, and the Bellevue,. Hos- . pita!. New York. BENEDICT LUST, N. ·o.. D. Q., D. C., M. D., writes: '"lb~ book is splendid· and will help !o enlighten many skepiics who • till believe in medical superstition." Prof. DAVID STARR JORDAN, M. D., w rites : "I have looked over the book called 'The Truth Abou t the Medical Profession.' There are a great many things tha t a rc forceful and truthfully said." GEORGE BERNARD SHAW writes : "There are some quite interes ting and important things in the book." · Cloth Bound, Postpaid Paper Bound, Postpaid $1.00 .50 PUBLICATIONS CALIFORNIA THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS, LLANO, CALIF. l .~~--~----•>------------~t*L-----..4-------------------,-===~--~,.~~...~ �- -y -ry -- There's a Home Waiting for You In The Sunny South Down where the weathtr is always mild, where cotton pays big, and corn crops never fail, the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony has just bought an immense tract of rich, productive land. It is in one of the most healthful, most delightful spots in the great South, a spot that has been out of the way of the westward migration, passed by by the homeseekers. It is in the vast pine forests of the Vernon Parish Highlands. As rapidly as possible this tract is to be settled up on the plan heretofore followetl by the Llano del Rio Co-op- erative Colony. It is the first step in the policy of expansion that has been the aim from the very first. Transportation is excellent, the land is well-drained, there are neither mosquitoes or malaria. The most al.thentic health reports show that there is no more likelih :xxl of disease in this district than there is in any other sta· e. Weather reports over a period of 12 to 17 yeat·s give authoritative information regarding weather con iitions. There has never been a drouth in that time. Neith·!r is it excessively hot In the summer. Winters are mild and not unpleasant. 16,000 Acres-The Ne: Lla~o Colony In the Rich Highlands of This is in the HIGHLANDS of Louisiana, and the fearsome stories you may have heard concerning pestilential swamps, and fevers, do not apply here any more than they apply in the healthful highlands of other states where there are n~ -:lisease-breeding conditions. Think what an immense tract this is! It means home for many hundreds of people. It means security for them, and under the plan of the Llano Colony it means getting the complete product of thetr own toil. It means relief LLANO'S i6,000 ACRE PLANTATION L0 u1s1an a from the worries of unemployment, and it means th.1t the benefits of a co-operative organization on broad lines will be theirs. The pine-covered Highlands of Louisiana are ju;:t beginning to command attention. Within a year, more than I 000 persons will be located on this great tract, tillir..g the soil, establishing the auxiliary industries that will be: carried along with agriculture and horticulture and li·•c!Stock raiSing, and the minor industries that are a part of every town. The Land of Cotton and rorn, sweet potatoes, lri•h potatoes. peanuts, vegetabJ.,. of O\'ery kind, peaches. figs, apples, berries, pecans, sugar cane. Nearly every · crop that can be grown in any part of the South can ~ srown on the new Colony p roperty, " ith the exception of citrus fruits, a nd the p roduction is enormous. Th'. is rich land. and a thorough investisa· lion has been made by a special committee selected by resident stock· holders of the Llano del Rio Colony. It will commence yieldin1: sood returns from the yery first. Send for the fre•· n•w descriptive illustrated folder, "Llano's l'lanta· tion in the Highlands of Louisiana." WRITE AT ONCE FOR FULL INFORMATION ABOUT THIS LLANO EXTENSION COLONY The Llano del Rio Colony Stables, Louisiana. --·· _..L ...._ .. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-09 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-09 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v05n05_191709 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-01 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v05n05 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 26 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/2d20f6d6af050059a41f67204c64bdf6.pdf 52ee7e894814163536e157e6b324c840 PDF Text Text r I \ 7 Walter Thomas who has now associated himself with the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony, will contribute a special exclusive article to the WESTERN COMRADE every month. Walter Thomas Mills is known the country over for his keen insight into economic and social problems, and his constructive economic policies, and his alignment with the principles of "Co-operation in Action" will be welcomed by our readers. - - --- ---- ·--.- - - ---------- - - - - --- ----~ ·- What Next? By Walter Thomas Mills Inspiring Editorials by Job Harriman WI\LTER THOMAS MILLS Editorials ............................................................ 3 Llano Getting on the Map .................................. 6 By Robert K. Williams. What What Shall We Do To Be Saved? ...................... l4 By Dr. John Dequer By Job Harriman. Fires of Love .................................................... l5 ~ By Ethel Winger Next ?... .............................. ..................... 8 Walter Thomas Mills, who is now a .;,ember of the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony. discusses Current Problems. Unfair District Representation ............................ 9 By Cameron H. King. For the Length of the Story (Fiction) ................ ! 0" ~/ By Helen Francis Easley. Why Not Ragtime ?............................................ 12 By Professor A. G. Wahlberg Montessori-What It Achieves............................ l3 r August 1917 Was Schmidt Guilty ~----------/--_----··:·:····------ ----- '6 Fourth Installment of Job Harriman's Address to the Jury in the Sclunidt Trial Co-operation the World Over.............................. IS News and ~iews in Agriculture ............................ l9 , Reviews of Recent Readable 8ooks..................20 By D. Bobspa Poems : To the ldeal... ....................................... 21 By Dr. John Dequer A Workingman's Soliloquy....................21 By Clinton Bancroft Price 10c \ / / /' . �The Gateway To Freedom Through Co-operative Action T HE UANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY is located in the beautiful Antelope Valley, in !he northeastern part of Los Angeles County, Southern California. This plain lies between the San Gabriel spur cf the Sierra Madres on the south and the Tehachapi range on the north. The Colony is on !he north slope of the San Gabriel range. It is almost midway between Palmdale, on the Southern Pac;6c, and Victorville, on the Santa Fe railroad. The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony is made up of p«aons who believe in the application of the principles of co-operation to the widest po .. ible extent. Virtually all of the residents are Socialists. It is a practical and convincing answer to those who have scoffed at Socialist principles, who have said that "it won't work," who have urged many fallacious arguments. In the three years since it was established, the Colony has demonstrated thoroughly the soundneso of its plan of operation and its theory. Today it is stronger than ever before in its history. Social life is delightful. dub, A band, several orchestras, a dramatic and other organizations assist in making the sOcial occasions enjoyable. Alfalfa does extraordinarily well at Llano. Much has been planted and the acreage will be increased as rapidly as possible. Six good cuttings a season can be depended on. Ditches lined with cobblestone set in Llano lime, making !hem permanent, conserve water and insure economy. They will be built as fast as possible. A square mile has been set aside for the new city. With the sawmill running, the lime kiln producing a very superior lime, and with sand and rock abundant and adobe brick easily manufactured, the time is near when permanent buildings will be erected on the new site. It wit! be a city different in design from any other in the world, with houses of a distinctively different architecture. Houses will be comfortable, sanitary, handsome, home-like, modern, and harmonious with their surroundings, and will insure greater privacy than any other houses ever constructed. signed especially for Llano. They are unique and de- GENERAL INFORMATION LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITIJfiONS The Llano del Rio Colony is the greatest Community enterprise ever attempted. It was founded by Job Harriman, May 1st. 1914, and is solving the problem of disemploymenl and business failure. It offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their families. An abundance of clear. sparkling water coming from mountain Among the industries of Llano, to which new ones are constantly being added, are: Printshop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, warehouse, machine shop, blacksmith shop. planing mill, lime kiln, saw mill, dairy, cabinet shop, nursery, alfalfa, orchards, rabbitry, gardens, hog raising, lumbering, publishing, transportation (autos, true:,., tractors), doctors' offices, woodyard, vinegar works, bakery, fish hatchery, barber shop, baths, art studio, hotel, drafting room, post office, commissary, camping ground, Industrial school, grammar school, Montessori school, commercial classes, library, two weekly dances, brass band, mandolin club, orchestras, quartets, socialist local, soap making, tailor shop. springs is sufficient to irrigate thousands of fertile acres. The climate is mild and delightful, the soil is fertile, and markets are not far distant. The Llano del Rio Colony is a horticultural, agricultural, and stock-raising enterprise, w ith such manufacturing as will supply the needs of the colonists, with perhaps something to sell when the Colony has grown. It is a perfect example of Co-operation in Action. No community organized as it is, wa• ever established before. The purpose is to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employment for the workers; to assure safety and comfort for the future and for old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best schools ; and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. It has more than 800 residents, makin~ it the largest town in the Antelope Valley. More than 200 children attend the schools. The County school and the Colony Industrial schools are both in operation. A new p~blic school will be built for the 1917-18 term. The Colony owns a ' fme herd of Jersey and Holstein cattle, 100 head of young stock are on the range, being heifers and calves up to 2 years of age. Over 100 head of horses and mules, including colts, are owned by the Colony. These, with two tractors and caterpillar engine, four trucks, and numerous autos, do the hauling and the work on the land. A recent purchase of Duroc-jersey sows gives the Colony thirtyeight registered high-class breeding !uws and two splendid boars, the nucleus of a great development along this line. Many new pe11s h•ve been built. Registration will be kept up and the raising of fine hogs made one of the leading industries. There are also some fine Berkshires. and a huge number of grade sows. The Colony has more than 400 acres of orchards. Community gardening is successful, and an increased acreage will be put in each year. The ideal is to farm on an extensive scale, using all manner of efficient labor saving machinery and methods, wilh expert and experienced men in charge of the different departments. Llano posse..es more than 668 stands of bees. They are cared for by expert bee men of long experience. This department expei:b to have several thousand 1 ~~ in a few years. The Colony has secured timber from the San Gabriel Reserve, and has a well equipped sawmill. Lumber worth $35 to $40 a !hotssand will cost !he Colony only a few dollars a thousand. \ DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES I N conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inRexible rules and regulation• the greater the harmony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a set of laws the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration follow•: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community ohall be paramount over those of any individual. Liberty of action is only permissible when it does not reotrict the liberty of another. Law is -a restriction of liberty and is only juot when operating for the benefit of the Community at large. Values created by the Community shall be veoted in the Community alone. The individual is not justly entitled to more land than is oufficienl to satisfy a reaoonable deoire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be held by private ownership. Talent and intelligence are gifts which should rightly be used in the service of others. The development of these by educarion is the grft of the Commllnity to the individual, and the exercise of greater ab;lity entitles none to the false rewards of greater polsessions. but only to the joy of greater service to othen. Only by identifying his interests and pleasures with thooe of others can man find real happiness. The duty of the individual to the Community is to develop ability to the greatest degree possible by availing himself of all educational facilities and to devote the whole extent of that ability to the service of all. The duty of the Community to the individual is to administer justice, to eliminate greed and selfishness, to educate all and to aid any in time of age or misfortune. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WRITE Llano Publications, Llano, California J �Co-operatioa Political Actioa Direct Ac:tioa The W-estern Comrade DeYoted to ••• ·Caase of ••• Workera Entered as second-clan matter November 4th. 1916, at the post ollice at Uano, California, under Ac:t of March 3, 1879. JOB HARRIMAN PUBLI EAOi MONnf AT llANO, CALIFORNIA. Managillg E.!itor. ..... 7 FRANK E. WOLFE E.!itor. Subscription Rate-75c a year; Canada $1. Single Copies JOe; dubs of 4 or more (in U. S.) 50c. Combination with u.ANO COLONIST $1. Publishers and others are invited · to copy at will from the WESTERN OOMRADE. hut are asked to give credit. Nothing copyrighted unless so stated. In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing department may he certain that the right name is being changed. VOL. V. LLANO. CALIFORNIA, AUGUST, 1917. .Editorials No.4 By Job Harriman This war ha~ answered all arguments for preparedness. It Constantinople falls, the real issues of the world is answering with the lives of the first-born and the blood of will stand out in bold relief. The Ottoman Empire will move its seat of government from the nations. Whoever has believed that preparedness preConstantinople to Turkey in Asia. The Empire will lie ad- serves peace, can believe it no longer. Peace is not the child jacent to the Bosphorus, the Dardanelles, the Suez Canal, the of shot and shell, but of the deep and genuine affections of entrance to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. These are the heart. Men will fight if they hate one another but they the gateways of the world's commerce, and Turkey will still · will first prepare. Men will not fight if they love one another, hold the key to the situation. She lies so close to these gate- nor will they prepare. How long would our nation last if each state were armed ways that she will soon be a menacing power. She is at the juncture of Asia, Africa and Europe. The gateways between and set against the other? How soon would the conflict arise if the states were to enter into . interstate treaties? Nothing these continents are in the palm of her hand. Each and eYery world power will be jealous of her advan- could more effectively aid and abet civil war than the right tage. She will yield to none and have no friends among them. of states to enter into treaties. These rights must be governed The arena of war will be shifted to her fields. The hordes by general law. So also should treaties between nations be abolished. Inof ·China, Japan and India can land in Turkey by water through the Persian Gull as easily as the Occidental empires ternational relations should be governed by international law, and a parliament of the world established. can arrive on T ui kish soil. This war will end in a titanic struggle between the Orientals --o-and the Occidentals to control Turkey with the gateways of IFFERENCES of opinion in these days of world stress the world's commerce. must be expected withi'n the ranks of the Socialist party, Unless a peaceable adjustment is made before that crisis as well as within the churches, political parties and other comes, Occidental civilization may go down forever. Our organizations. Yitality is well spent. Three more years will exhaust the What attitude should be assumed with reference to the world Western powers while the Eastern powers will only be ready war will always remain a mooted question among Socialist& to enter the struggle. The cry for peace without victory will as among other people. These differences will arise not only then be too late. Peace without victory may be possible now, out of varying conceptions of economic causes, but also out of but that day will forever pass when war is declared between moral ideals, religious and spiritual attitudes, - patriotic Oriental and Occidental civilizations. emotions, and different opinions as to what the war Is all about. Every phase of every question is being forced into --:0HE relations between nations are governed by treaties. bold relief and our opinions and convictions must necessarily . When treaties fail, nations resort to arms. For this be in a state of flux. Some of our best members as well as some of the poorest, reason, all nations are constantly contriving to establish such treaty relations as will make their combinations more powerful will withdraw from the party, but this is also true of other tha~ any other possible combination 'th which their interests organizations. In this respect we will s11ffer less than any·other may conflict. Hence treaties come wi m the modern ·meaning organization in the world that attempt& to assume a position of preparedness for war. on the war. The churches have lost members by tens of thousands. The The enb're theory of treaties between nations is wrong. They establish ambitions that lead as inevitably to war as do , really spiritually-minded people ~nilot beiie:e that · this armaments of nations. . terrible slau~ter. hitherto unparalleled in the world's history, l 1 THC::N VV war D T �Editorial Page four can by any theory be excused aurong the followers of the Prince of Peace. They believe in his life, try to live according to their convictions, and can not cease to abhor war a'!d its resultant butcheries of men. The Democratic party fought untiringly for its candidate because of his pea:ce policy. Now it is rent asu~der and its . forces are scattered to the four winds. The Republican party is reeking with dissension, some insisting that this country was forced into the war to protect the interests of .Wall Street, some ·that is was brought about by the shippers of munitions, some one thing and some another. The Progressive party has almost altogether disappeared. The Socialist movement still lives, still weathers the storm, and is increasing in cohesive force and power as the days go by. The Socialist party has suffered and will suffer. There is a difference of opinion in regard to the statement in the majority report as to the policy to be pursued during the war, hut not as to the causes of the war. The Socialists the world over agree absolutely that this war is the logical result of capitalism . Those who leave the party are no less convinced of this fact than those who remain. In all other organizations men differ fundamentally but the Socialists differ only on the matter of tactics. We do not even differ on the tactics themselves. When the question was put up to the National Executive Committee as to what the members were to do with regard to supporting mass action against conscription laws, they refused to give advice but replied that each must act for himself, act on his own responsibility and take the consequences. This fact establishes beyond the least doubt that that portion of the majority report was a mistake. Any statement of a policy that cannot be actively supported is a mistake and a tactical blunder. Jt is Upol) this one point that We differ from the majority report. And it is upon this point that the majority of our differences rest. Upon the philosophy of socialism, imperialism and almost all war questions, there is substantially no difference. The movement itself is not affected by internal dissension but has grown, and is growing stronger. The form of our party organization is bound to undergo great changes in its adjustment to the new conditions but this shows life and adaptability, not death and dissolution. All organizations that were in line with the capitalist system are in the process of decay. · The differences of opinion, the dissensions, and the warring of conflicting interests and opinions will constantly increase until final dissolution overcomes them. The Socialist movement is taking on a new form. It is just now passing from youth to manhood. It was born in capitalism, thrived under its persecution and will arise to power upon capitalism's decay. -o- T HIS world refuses to be rul~y force, but plead~ for love to be its kin~~:. What service will life withhold from love? Yet it will begrudge every trifle of service it renders to torce. Love inspires service. Force inspires resistance. The Western Comrado D EMQCRACY! A wonderful word. Militarism! Equally wonderful. One is the child of the people; the other is the child of the plutocracy. The one is hull!ble; the other ·is ambitious. The one is peaceful; the other is belligerent. The one bears the world's burdens; the other imposes them. The one loves; the other hates. The one governs by civil rules; the other by martial law. The one forgives; the other condemns. Is Militarism fighting for Democracy or is the world deceived? Believe this: Democracy will not follow this riot of milital}' power unless universal hunger sweeps Militarism aside and opens the way for the human h"eart to function freely in love and affection. I s DEMOCRACY dead --0---- in America? Whosoever, thinks it is is counting without his host. It is true that plutocracy has a grip upon our institutions but it is also true that the American people have enjoyed large liberties too long to submit to these sudden suppressions. Freedom has been indulged in so long in so many respects that it has become a matter of impulse and instinct. This is the profound fact in American life. Whosoever undertakes suddenly to crush it is as certain to meet his Waterloo as death is certain to end the war. ---o-- F ORTUNATE indeed is occidental civilization that the crown of Russia has fallen. After it will go the imperialism of Russia. Imperialism of Russia will be torn up, root 11nd branch. Socialism will soon be in full blast there. Privately owned industries, the foundation of imperialism, are being transformed into publicly owned industries, the foundation of elemocracy. Industries will no longer be operated in Russia yielding fortunes to the few; but they will be operated by the nation, yielding comforts to all. It is in fact that the security of Western Europe lies. Had the Russian crown and imperialism survived this struggle during another half-century of industrial development, it is beyond the ken of man to conceive what might have been crushed beneath its iron heel. But we need not fear. Every militaristic government is only as powerful as that portion of power which it has left over and above the power necessary to hold its discontented element in subjection. · Eve!}' militarist ic power confronts the same fact. Within its bosom are the germs of its own decay. Eve!}' additional call for soldiers adds to the popular dissatisfaction, reduces the productive forces, increases the public burden and adds discontented soldiers to the troops, until finally the arms of the nation are in the hands of the discon tented, when the crown falls. The crowns of Germany and England are standing on the brink of their graves. They are each pushing the other into their tombs. It remains to be seen what they will drag after them. �The Wesler!! Comrade l 1 JHO are the traitors? Are they the members VV I. W. W. or the captains of industry? Editorial Page five They have committed no crime. They are being deported contrary to law by the mine -owners and merchants who are President Wilson tells the story when he says the shipowners raising prices and lowering wages in violation of the laws of 1 "are doing everything that high freight charges can do to life, .who are. the traitors. Even though we are content to indulge such commercial Prices mean the same thing make the war a failure. everywhere now, whether it is the . government that processe's in ordinary times, yet since they have been carried into this period where they have no proper place it is up to pays them or not." Bisbee, Arizona, is suffering from the same fact of which the President to take over-the mines and the storehouses and the President is complaining. The greed of the industrial, · to see that the men are treated as hu~an beings, not herded commercial and financial kings is the trouble in Bisbee as and -driven about the state like a drove of cattle. It is hio:h well as in foreign transportation. The ship owners have raised time that the traitor merchants and mine owners and shippers the freight rates. There is absolutely no reason for it. This be handled by the government,_and that their great iron jaws act is as diabolical as the bottomless pit. Their cargoes and and paws be taken from the trough for sure. The President will $OOn be forced to the necessity of taking boUoms are insured against loss. The bulk carried is enormously increased. The carrying cost per ton is less than ever over the mines and stores, else the mine owners and merchants will, by sheer greed, lead this country to downfall and defeat. before, but the charges are outrageously high. This fact the President says is "natural enough because the · -----<>--'commercial processes which we a re content to see o~erate in ow China comes clamoring to enter the war. Japan, too, ordinary times have, without sufficient thought, been continued is on her way. And India is looking into the West. into a period where they have no proper place. . We In this hour of stress will they forget how the occidental must make prices to the public the same as the prices to the powers proposed their dismemberment only a few years ago? government." Will they forget the days of Clive? There is but one way to make freight prices the same to Are they coming with the olive branch, oblivious to "The the public as it is to the government and that is for the Opium Wars" and the "Manchurian Slaughter"? Or is it the . government to take over, own and operate the business of mane, the lashing of the sides, and the thundering roar of the transportation in times of peace as well as war. This holds lion of Asia, as it is waking from its centuries of slumber? good al ike on land and water transportation. The President --ohad as well tell a rattlesnake to put only a taint of poison RAPIDLY did events take place immediately prior to in its fang as to tell a merchant to add only a little unjust America's entry into the war and since that time, that the American people seemed to have been psychologi'z ed by their profit to his charges. Greed will not listen to the admonitions of the President, very speed. Consc~iption and draft, censorship and suppreshowever just they may be. Greed knows only how to gorge. sion have come, individual liberties have been curtailed or Gorging increases greed. Greed thrives on land and sea alike. taken away, and there has been no organized opposition. The mine owners and merchants at Bisbee are as viciously How long will it continue? Even now people are becoming greedy as are the merchants of the high seas. The prices of surfeited with rising in public gathering~ when the flag is food in Bisbee are soaring as high as the freight charges on displayed. Will they become tired of bureauocratic governthe Atlantic. The I. W. W. boys must have food if they work. merit? In Europe several good jobs have ~een vacated .by They cannot buy sufficient food at the present prices with the gentlemen who held them by "divine right." In the United wages they get. The mine owners refuse to raise wages, and States officials are taking on dictatorial powers and many the -merchants refuse to lower prices. The I. W. W.'s stand have become petty kings in the· absoluteness of their power. between the devil and the deep sea; between the merchants Does it prophesy the coming of a new day in this country or and the mine owners. is it that the people are just dazed and have not awakened yet? The merchants and mine owners, in the language of the --oPresident, "are doing everything that high prices can do to HOEVER and whatever employs brute force as a means make the war a failure.'' of survival invites the antagonism of the world. WhoThese boys cannot dig copper witheut food; without copper ever and whatever is gentle and loving invites the affection we cannot ma ke cannon; without cannon we cannot slaughter and admiration and receives the aid and succor of all. the enemy. Whether or not we should slaughter them is not --othe que&tion. The question is: Who is responsible for the ORCE is the law of death. It possesses the powers of disBisbee strike? integration. It calls to its aid cruelty, hate, revenge, The fact is the I. W. W.'s cannot work without food. They tyranny and all things that make for destruction and death. cannot work without a fair wage. -<>-OVE is the law of life. It is the only thing that possesses Who are the traitors? Why do they not arrest and imprison the strikers? cohesive power. It calls to its aid reason, patience, forThe aHswer is simple enough. bearance and all things that make for peace and growth. of the N so W F L �Page me Al»oat Llaao Llano Getting . on The Western Comrade By Robert K. ·Williama I I about, but are PRACTICED in the every-day problems of life. saying unkind and ·untrue things. And others are "You colonists may think you are comparatively unknown saying pessimistic things. And some are ·drawing ·and unheard of throughout the United States. If so, I would, liberally on their imaginations. Perhaps some . are inform you. that ·you are badly mistaken. While coming out even telling lies. to the West on my lecture tour, I have been asked by several But aside from those who are talking fluently for and large argicultural journals in this country to visit the Llano those who are talking influentially against, there ·a·re others. del Rio Colony to secure articles for publi'cation on the system These others are asking questions. They are seeking . in- of food production and distribution practiced at Llano. And formation. They are neither for n9r against. They have no ·I have been offered for this work many times more than the previous convictions and co-operation is not a principle with labor to secure the information is worth. Is not that proof them. They just want to know. that the eyes of the nation are on Llano?" 1 Mrs. O'Hare saw all of Llano that she had time to see, and Here is an instance: Ka te Richards O'Hare came to Llano and told us things asked all of the ques~ions that she could think of. And she about ourselves that we didn't even suspect. She told us that expressed herself as being pleased-more than pleased-with she had been asked by three large agricultural publications what "Socialism Applied" can a~;hieve. to come to Llano to investigat e our system of co-operative Comrade Phil Wagner made a short address when here and he, too, saw the big ranch and was pleased with it. Like Mrs. farming . That's fame! At least it is one of the stepping-stones to O'Hare, he found many friends and acquaintances here. fame. It shows that people are hearing about Llano. Walter Thomas Mi·ll.s surpri'sed and pleased his hearers by When in Washington, D. C., in June, Comrade Harri- telling them that he had concluded to join the Colony. ma n sltopped ·off to see a prominent official. He· was granted Comrade Mills is not without experience in colonization live minutes of that busy man's time by appointment. When ventures. He has visited Llano several times, has kept himself the live minutes was up, the official was · so interested in the in close touch with :the project from the first ; and is assured account of Llano that Comrade Harriman talked for two hours of the success of the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony. He told his hearers many inlteresting things concerning the abot.rt Llano. A governor of a state gave half an hour to listen to an war, the Colony, his personal experiences, and his ambitions account of Lla no while a crowd waited to hear him speak. in connection with Llano. Comrade Mills is an organizer of Men and women prominent in the radical movement, es- wide and recognized ability. He expects to initiate some new pecially those who believe in constructive methods, want to lines of progress and to extend the influence of Llano in many hear abouJt Llano. ways. Phil Wagner, Kate Richards 0 ' Hare, and Walter Thomas The same evening, Comrade Job Harriman, just back from Mills have visited Llano within a month. the East where he had attended the First Conference for DemAll came without notice. Meetings were held for each of ocracy and Terms of P.eace and had addressed a crowd of 20,000 persons in Madison Square, spoke to the colonists, ~hem, meetings that would have cost from $50 to $100 or showing the meaning of America's entrance into the war, the more anywhere else. Hall rent is free , advertising is no expense and is unneces- measures that are being taken, the reasons for these measures. sary, music is a social service, and speakers give their ser- He said: "This war may last for years. It is a· question whether sta rvation or arms will terminate the conflict." vices freely when they come to Llano. Kate Richards O'Hare spoke on war in general, but devoted Had any other community held a meeting with Job a po.rtion of her time to Llano. And this is what she said: Harriman and Walter Thomas Mills billed as speakers, with a "I ·am going <iut to the world and ttell those who are eager band, with a hall· to pay rent for, with advertising, etc., the to hear ·the message, the story of Llano . I h;;ve something expenses would have been more than $100. Llano heard them new and encouraging to say. I am going to tell them that out and there was no expense. It is one of the advantages of here in the center of the great Antelope Valley a band of a living where rent is abolished, where profit is not the incentive, thousand courageous pioneers has wrested from the grim where the only interest is the interest the people feel in their · desert a home where the ideals of Socialism are not TALKED community. EOPLE "'' tolk;,g obout Uooo: Of <OU<>e, """' "" Left, honey tanks made at Llano to accommodate 191i honey crop; center. Llano bakery products; right, making honey frames. \ \ �The Western Comrade Pa~ seven At.oat Llano Progress on the Ranch most interesting phases of Colony activity is the ONEworkof the being done in perfecting the tunnel. This tunnel, begun over twenty years ago and abandoned by the company undertaking it because of insufficient funds, is situated about four miles south of Llano on the Big Rock Creek where the Big Rock road forks to the right to Little Rock and Palmdale, and 'to the left to Valyermo. The purpose of the colonists in renewing work on this tunnel is to secure the underflow of the Big Rock Creek that is now seeping off into the sands of the desert where it is practically wasted. The wide bed of the Big Rock Creek is a big sponge of sand and gravel. By honeycombing the bed from under and catching the underflow, it is believed that a very valuable addition to the present water supply will have been obtained. The main tunnel runs north and south, just a trifle northeast and southwest. It is parallel with the road, running under in two places. It is 3075 feet in length, has an average width of five feet and an average height of seven feet. Solid rock has been tunnelled through almost the entire distance. There are four air-shafts. The incline shaft, situated at the south end of the tunnel, is about seventy-five feet long, is forty feet unde~ground and has a pitch of thirty degrees. To haul up the gravel and rock, the Colony's share of the watter in the Big Rock Creek is diverted into a lateral ditch and run down a race the full seventy-five feet where a water wheel, manufactured and installed by the coloni5ts, is stationed on the floor of the tunnel. A tremendous power is thus obtained, sufficient to elevate the cars containing 2000 pounds of gravel and rock to the surface. At and near the incline five branch tunnels exist. These branches veer in different directions, all of which go out under the bed of the creek. One extends probably 500 feet to the southwest. Two others, fifty feet in lenght, run almost due sowth. In all of these, bedrock has been penetrated and gravel reached, so that an appreciable Aow of water is secured. Another branch, originally started to serve as an additional tunnel, and running almost due east, will in the future, be extended up to the damsite 1which is about 600 feet east of the main tunnel. Definite plans have not yet been arranged with reference to the construction of the dam , but eventually the underflow from the damsite will be carried through this cast branch. The work of the colonists so far has been that only of clearing away the debris that has accumulated in the abandoned tunnel for years. As soon as the loose and encumbering gravel and rock has been removed sufficiently, the further extension of the branch tunnels will be aUempted. The work was begun last winter and praiseworthy progress has been made. A very material increase in the flow of water is anticipated with the completion of the tunnels under the creek bed. One of the colonists working in the tunnel recently met the contractor who started the work over twenty years ago. The contractor sta'ted that far out under the bed of the creek is a sump thirty feet deep, and that two of the branch tunnels run to it. If, he said, this were reached a very decided increase in the flow of wa'ter would result. These branch tunnels were stopped with bulkheads at a short distance from the main tunnel before the work was abandoned. From these bulkheads the seepage from the gravel bed behind them pours out in a steady stream of water. The present flow from the tunnel is about the same as that in all seasons and is now 130 inches. The limit to the increase of this underground supply cannot be estimated accurately. That a very material increase will follow as the tunnels are pushed, however, is certain. In addition to the tunnel work, the colonists are now installing a sump in the creek bed at the head of the Hubbard ditch, about a quarter of a mile north of the mouth of the tunnel. A small tractor will be used for power with which to pump.· ·It is expected that the sump will increase the water supply considerably. Llano's Social Life of the most artistically and daintily arranged social ONEevents that have occurred in Llano was the wedding of Miss Louise Valek and John Wesley Irwin, Tuesday night, June 12. So harmoniously did all the details of 'the marriage ceremony blend and so exceptional was the ability displayed Left, Myrtle Kemp, Dower girl; right, Kathryn Miller, bridesmaid; center, Louise Valek (now Mrs. J . W. Irwin); rear, John Weoley Irwin. in perfecting the arrangements, that the event deserves incorporation in the monthly ranch story. When it became known that Miss Louise and Wesley intended to slip quietly away to the city to join their fortunes by having the knot tied, Mrs. Robert K. Williams conceived the idea of having the wedding conducted along artistic and orthodox lines. Both the young people approved the idea at (Continued on Page 22) �The Propacanda What NeXt ? TilE trades unions ·have fought for the solidarity of labor for a long time. Still the overwhelming majority of all the workers are unorganized, misled, pitted against .e ach other and robbed in the same old way. The co-operative societies have struggled for solidarity and economy, both in producing and in buying for a like period, and still the workers are paying more to the plunder of private .monopoly than they pay for means of life. Unable to consolidate to exchange their services with each other, they are scattered and robbed on every hand. For long years the Socialists have been preaching the doctrine of solidarity, a solidarity which they have approved in theory but have never been able to achieve as a fact. The world war has come to disorganize, to confuse and finally, with one hand to break the power of the trades unionists, the co-operators, and the Socialists, and with the other hand, to force industrial solidarity and co-operative economy as a war necessity. -~ in g s Not. T_o Do ! Comra·de By Walter Thomas Mills The orthodox Socialist has frequently won a debate in proving that the only final solution for both waste and extortion is to .be found in the political solidarity of the workir.g class . ·but while. they have won the debates, so far, they have never won deliverance. Whatever may be true of the final solution, the immediate task is not the final one and mere controversies about the pr~per ending of the journey cannot help in the o:vercoming of obstacles immediately before us. Standing aloof from trade ctmtroversies, avoiding responsibility for co~ operative societies, co-operative colonies, cash buyers associations, have been quite successful in escaping the real burdens but have not been successful, either in having any share in immediate progress or in misleading the public to suppose that the Socialists were not incompetent, simply because in- Stolen Joys By E t b e I W i n g e r What Shall We Do About It~ Staggered at this unexpected turn in things, and disappointed at long delays, still something must be done. Trades unionists, co-operators, and Socialists have all been struggling with the same problems- all have been seeking relief from the same wrongs. They must not now stand still, stunned, confused and silenced. All'the world over, the dominant political powers have consolidated. The exploiting forces in society as represented by the various political parties and through these joint organizations, have become a single party as a military necessity in administering war policies, but they have also become a single party in aggravating and protecting both national and international gamblers in raising prices and in making war on labor. In the face of this situation, the trades unionist, the co~operator, and the Socialist cannot consent any longer to go their separate wa~s. not even with the conviction that they are separate pat~;1eading to the same goal. No matter how . these Jllaths may, show on the maps made by the theorists, if kept separate, hey can lead nowhere except to continued disappointment. Weatern 0 Lake De Smet-you thief, with color stolen from the skyYou nestle smugly unashamed Beneath Wyoming's snow-kissed hills, In dreaming .:peace-and so do I. I, too, forbidden, rashly brave, Have come to dip beneath your icy wave, And on your grassy ba~ks, unclothed, unseen, Except by noisy ducks and chiding gulls, And flowers nodding on the green; To lie, and dream the golden hours away. Your breeze sings by with gentle warmth, Your sun sends down a throbbing ray. De Smet! - you thief! your waters stolen from the skyYou bask here unashamed in dreaming peace, And so do I. . Th~rades un.iomst has accomplished very much, but there are problems wh;ch cannot be solved by the weapons available, only in an industrial dispute. The strike and the boycott cannot reach and finally determine the questions involved in land, transportation, banking and marketing. Other agencies are available, and these other agencies must be used if labor is to be completely emancipated or, if even the fruits of the strike and the boycott are to be preserved. The co-operators have sought to save the waste of duplication and the extortion of monopoly by voluntary association in production and in purchase, but no co-operative society less than the whole country itself acting through the agency of the government, is sufficient to eliminate waste or to avoid extortion in the control of natural resources, transportation or in the great industrial and commercial monopolies. .Their power as citizens, as well as producers and purchasers, must be brought into united action. active in these particulars. Whatever may be true of the final solution, the immediate task of the Socialist is to render some vital service in the midst of the immediate difficulties or confess himself without reasonable excuse for his existence. Wh at Next? If the above reflections are to be approved, then Jt Js perfectly evident that the hundreds of thousands of people interested in co-operation, the two and a half millions of trade unionists, three millions of organized fa rmers, and the five or six millions of people who are ready to give support to the economic proposals of the Socialists, if freed from the prejudice of sectarian propaganda and the limitations of a partisan spirit, must get together. · That is next or the next can be nothing other than the deepening of disaster. �Page nine The Western Comrade Unfair District Representatiqn ITl HE Socialist Party has always stood for a just and proportional system of representation in. the legis-lative bodies of the country. The action of the - - - - Fresno convention this year is however the first attempt to really get action in a state-wide campaign for .the achievement of that object. An initiative proposition is now being prepared by the committee elected by the convention and pretty soon the petitions will be in the hands of the membership for circulation. As a preliminary matter of interest the following facts are published, showing the injustice of the district system of ele.ctions by the very unequal representation secured by the different groups of voters at the various elections held in the year . specified. In 1912 for State Senator the Democratic Party cast I03,328 votes out of 30 I ,345. It elected only four out of th~ twenty-one Senators to be elected; whereas casting one-third of the vote they were clearly entitled under a just system to seven Senators. The Socialist party, casti'ng 45,291 votes· should have been represented by three Senators. But they had a predominating strength in no single district and were left utterly without voice in the upper house of the legislature. The six Senatorships which the Democratic and Socialist voters were thus deprived of were gained by the Republicans. This gave the Republican party an overwhelming majority, 16 out of 21, instead of the I 0 they were properly entitled to, and left the Senate misrepresentative of the will of the people. In the elections for Assemplymen the same year, 1912, the Democratic voters got only twenty-five candidates elected, while if the election had been held under the proportional system they would have elected twenty-nine. The Socialists fared still worse. They were entitled proportionally to thirteen: they elected only one. As in the Senate the Republicans benefited by the unjust district representation system, electing fifty-four members of the Assembly, thirteen more than a majority. But their vote was so much less than half that they were proportionally entitled to only thirty-eight, three less than a majority. These ligures show how the district system leads to a direct misrepresentation of the _popular will, giving to a minority of the voters an overwhelming majority in the legislatu re. Th~ injustice and unfairness of the district system of representation to the individual voter is seen in glaring colors in' this election. For instance, 91 ,785 socialist voters are given only one representative in the legislature, while 272,774 Republican voters only three times more numerous are given fifty-four times that representation . in the Assembly alone. The Democrats, a little more than twice as numerous as the Socialists, are given twenty-five times the representation. Even so the Democrats with 75 per cent of the voting strength of the Republicans got less than 50 per cent as much representation. Turning to the Congressional elections of the same year, we find the district system inflicting the same inequitable results upon the electorate. For Congress the Republicans cast 265,796 votes and elected seven Congressmen; the Democrats cast 196,610 votes, nearly four-fifths of the Republican vote, but. they elected only three Congressmen, less than onehalf. The Socialists with 104,122 votes elected no one, while the Progressives with 20,341 votes elected one COngressman. This shows how utterly unrepresentative of the actual divisions By C am e ro D H. KiD & of the electorate the legislative bodies become under the dis-trict system .of elections. In · 1914, the inequitable operation of the district system cannot 'be shown with the same startling discrepancies between vote and representation because it was a year of poli:tical confusion. For ·the Sena·te, to which twenty members were to be elected, there were nine different groupings of electors res4lting from the endorsement of the same candidate by two or more parties. Still some comparisons can be made which show the almost total lack of rela~ionship between the vote cast by a group of voters and the representation they secured in the Senate. For instance 79,390 straight Republicans elected two Senators, while three-eighths that number, 29,564, Progressives, also elected two. And a group of Republicans and Progressive numbering 73,747 (more than 5000 less than the straight Republicans) elected five Senators. Compare this last group of Republican Progres~ives with the straight Democrats who with 86,463 votes only elected four Senators. Another group of Republicans, Democrats and Progressives numbering I 0,072, elected two Senators, thus giving to each voter of this group eight times as much influence in the Senate as a straight Republican and four times as much influence as each straight Democrat. 9,942 voters of Republican and Democratic faith elected one Senator; but 39,550 Socialists (four times their number) elected no one. Such figures show that the district system of representation is simply a hap-hazard system of misrepresentation. In 1912 the Democrats and the Socialists were the chief sufferers. In 1914 the Republicans find their representation one-half what proportionally it should be. In the Assembly elections, in 1914, the Progressives became the victims-in-chief. They cast 147,762 votes which should have entitled them to fifteen seats in the Assembly. The district system with ruthless injustice cut them down to seven, while at the same time, it gave to a combination of 57,196 Republicans, Democrats and Progressives eight Assemblymen. one more for considerably less than one-half the number of voters. And Republicans and Democrats . in combination numbering 42,300, less than one-third the number of Progressives secured al most equal representation, six to the seven for the Progressives. Of course, whosoever wins, the Socialists lose. With twice the vote of this last Republican-Democrat combination they got one-third the representation. They got t~o Assemblymen when they were proportionally entitled "to mne. For Congress in 1914 we find the same old di$trict system beating the Republicans out of one representative among the eleveu to which California is entitled. 292,906 Republicans elected only three members, whereas proportionally they should have obtained four. 187,704 Democrats, 85,000 less in numbers, elected as many Representatives as the Republicans. In addition a gro up of 32,5 75 Democrats including a few Socialists added one more to the Democratic representation. But the straight Socialists, twice as numberous, with 63,215 votes elected no one. The confusion of returns resulting from the multiparty grouping behind candidates continued from 1914 to the elections of 1916. And the . inequitable results of the district system shine through them just as clearly. 67,731 straight Democrats succeeded in electing two Senators when they should have had four. A combination of Republicans and (Continued on Paae 22) �Fictie• The Western Com:rada "For the Length of the Story" . I"B By Helen Frances Easley Y the way, Marion, have you written that story yet?" to dwell on the one-sidedness of the affair. he was happy The tone in which the question was asked implied to go about with him, glad when he was glad anJ sorry when a perfect understanding and good comradeship. It things went wrong for him. - - - - was between dances and they were seated at the end Nor did she once allow herself to think that Perry showed · of the porch, where they could watch the other guc::sts, and yet her any special attention. His interest in her stories was no were far enough away· to permit a conversation without fear more than he would have given to anyone else under like of being heard. circumstances. Ever since the days of high school themes, "No, Perry." he had thought she was clever, and he wanted her to succeed, The answer was not at all satisfactory. It offered no reason a·n d his "don't forget I'm rooting for you all the time, Marion" and that was what the man wanted. liad been a source of never-failing encouragement. But he "And why not?" would have said the same to anyone of the other girls whom "Be£ause I dont know how." he saw as regularly as he did her. As Alice North had said, "But you never have had any trouble writing others, why "He was one man a girl could be proud to go about with." should this bother you?" And when one of them announced·tha1 she was going to such "But a love story, Perry! I've never written one of those, and such a place with Perry Bently, she always did it with an I just can't seem to imagine one," she said as the man laughed. dir of conscious pride that was adorable. There was no silly "Don't imagine it," he advised. "Such affairs happen sentiment in the attitude, it was merely a friendly tribute, and every day, can't pick up a paper without running onto a para- no one had ever given it any other meaning. graph which begins 'One of the most romantic secrets of the As for Marion, her interest in Perry had not spoiled her season is just being announced--.' Take one of those, friendship with other men. She had always been a great Marion, and with all the modern day conveniencies for speed, ravorite, her happy disposition made her so, and if she ever you ought to fix up a corker!" tired of being a good fellow, no one ever suspected it. "But it wouldn't be quite fair, would it, to send some girl's She rested her hot face in her hands. She was glad that secret for a lot of people to read?" she was alone just then. She had gone along happily, trust"Oh, that's a case of 'they should worry,' but if you don't ingly and suddenly she had been awakened by Perry's advice like the idea, fall in love yourself, and write your own ex- to fall in love. It hurt terribly, but even at that moment she penence." remembered that it might have been worse if it had come This time the girl laughed, a little tremulously, and fortunlater, and it couldn't last always. There was something stoical ately blushes are not discenrable on porches dimly lighted by in her reasoning. the moon . The soft dreamy strains of a waltz, which the Suddenly she sat upright. She would pretend ! For the orchestra had just commenced, seemed scarcely more musical length of a &tory she would prelend that Perry had fallen in than that little laugh. "Why, I must admit that I had never thought of that. But love with her. She would change names and places so that no what good would it do to fall in love by myself? That one would recognize them, but in her mind, no, in her heart, wouldn't be any experience. But I'll think about it. Really. it would be Perry's and her love affair. For that little while Now hurry along and don't keep your partner waiting. I she would be perfectly happy, she would dream and dream that Perry cared more for her 'than for anyone else and had haven't this next dance, so I'll stay out here, thank you." Fall in love! She was already so deeply in love, that it told her so! She would pretend that the two had known hurt her to think ·of it just now. It had always been called an each other always, just as she and Perry had, and they had immodest thing to give a love unmasked, and yet, how could always been the' best of friends, only he would be one of those a person help it, when love insisted upon taking up his abode lovable stupid sort of men who never realize what they want in one's heart? The more one tried to keep him out the more . until it is almost too late. There would be another man, an he persisted, and once in, there was no such thing as locking older man, who would pay her enough attention to bring Perry him in and forgetting his presence. After all, being in love to his senses. She laughed softly as she considered t his sudden acquisition of suitors, but it was only for the length of the did not always mean a great happiness. And the ma1 .? The man was Perry! There had been only story, the love story she had said she couldn't write. And if Perry, for a long time, only she had not known it. She had not it was accepted she would tell Perry that he had given her known that there was anyone. She remembered when his the idea, and he would consider it a good joke. It wouldn't ftrst real business success had come to him. She had been do any harm, she was sure of that. The next few days were busy ones. Marion wrote and re~o happy that she cried, even while she called herself a silly little idiot, but she remembered that no other man's success wrote. considered and re-considered. It was really amazing had so affected her. and suddenly she knew why. It was be- how the older man improved on acquaintance. She found that they had a great many tastes in common. He had travcause he was the man, the one man who really counted. he had not quite decided whether or not she ought to be eled a great deal. in strange countries that were full of stories, ashamed of her love. o one would ever need to be ashamed he was interested in the books that she read and altogether cf being in love with Perry ! Manly and right, he held the he proved to be a very channing addition 'to her circle of admiration and respect of e eryone who met him socially or friends. Still she couldn't be quite reconciled to his blase air, in a business way. o, he was absolutely the sort of a man there was nothing of that about Perry. Then she would a girl should care for, and as long as no one knew it, it could always remember Perry's eyes and close curling hair. With not possibly bring sorrow to either of them, and perhaps some- a start she thought of how tiny youngsters with fluffy curly time everything would come right. hair had always appealed to her. She drew he~self together Marion had thought all this vaguely. She had never thought sharply, before it occured to her that for the length of the l \ \ \ �The Weolern Comrade Fiction story her imagina<tion, her dreams could lead her unrestrained into all the dear fancies of heart-land. After thai: she would have to put them away, if she could. However, the old man continued to be attentive. Marion had to admit that she admired him, and the family seemed greatly impressed, all except Martha, the little sister, who continued to think that Perry was simply the nicest person she knew. But in the end Perry suddenly discovered that he was in grave danger of seeing someone else win the girl he loved, but Marion forgave him his negligence and everything ended happily. Except that she was rather sorry for the old man, he had been very, very nice to her. · Marion was pleased with her story. It was different from anything she had ever written. In a way she had lived it, pa rt of it at 'least, her caring for Perry was no pretense, and she had so wovc;n the rest around that real part of it, that the whole story seemed alive. She hoped it didn't seem conceited · to have made herself the object of two men's affections, when in reality there seemed to be no one. That part amused her. She was sorry when it was fi nished , and yet there was a sense of happiness that she could not explain. No matter what else came, that much was hers. In a months time, the story was accepted, and Marion commenced to wonder whether or not she showd tell Perry. Since the night of the par•ty the subject had not been mentioned, although she had seen him a number of times. Yet he would think it queer if she didn't tell him,' she had never forgotten before. and he had been just as pleased with each succeeding bit of success as he had been with the first. -Well, he was coming up that evening, perhaps she would broach the subject, although her hea rt pounded unme rcifully at the thought of it. What would -he think! Had she been presumptuous? But then it was only a story; he himself had suggested the method she might use to imagine it. She was absolutely sure of his a ttitude, he would be amused, nothing more, except, of course, pleased that she had done what he was so positive that she could do. When he a rrived that evening she was surprised to find that the prospect of her confession did not disturb her in the least, a fter all it was only a story. "You r emember, don't you, Perry," she reminded him, " about telling me how I might write that love story? Well, I did it!" "Why, I told you to fall in love yourself, did you do that?" As one- would say of a n actor in a moving picture his face registered shocked consternation. "_Oh, not that, Perry," Marion reassured him, quite truthfully, for indeed she had not fallen in love with him for the sake of writing about it. "I merely pretended and since I know you so well, and you suggested the idea to me, I thought you wouldn't mind if I pretended that you were the man, one of the men, I mea n," she added hastily. "So there are more than one?" he queried, "a regular eternal triangle affair?" There was no sarcasm in the tone, but there was something that would lead one to suspect that Perry would have been more pleased if there had been only one man. "Certainly," she replied blandly. "There are generally two men in a love affair, especially in a story. The extra one serves to keep up the interest." "I see. But go on and tell me the story. I'm anxious to find out my place." Mari·on obeyed. It was rather a n interesting little na rrative and she gave quite a complete outline. The man listened P"t!e eleven intently, his expression ~hanged at each turn of the story. His first comment was .startling. "Who is the older man, Marion?" he demanded. "The older man?" she echoed, not comprehending. "Yes, he sounds like a pretty good sort, reminds me of Captain West who was here last summer. Marion, tell me, do you think him as fine as you have him in the story?" Marion gasped. She had ·utterly forgotten 'Captain West. He had visited her uncle that summer before and had called at the house frequently. 'But she had nev~r dreamed that anyone thought he had come especially to see her. But in spite of the fact that she had not had him in mind, her description of the old~r man fitted him nicely. Perry seemed to have forgotten that he ,was the real man of the story. He evidently understood that he had been put in merely because he was an old friend and wouldn't misconstrue her meaning. But the other man, a mJan she had known only so short a time, that was very different, surely he must have made. a most · favorable impression. Marion laughed hysterically, she was perilously near tears. "Why, Perry! I didn't think of him once, truly. The older man isn't anyone, the only real ones a're you and I-" She said this impetuously and then stopped shortly, she must not say such things as that, "and ·anyway it was only pretending" she went on, "perhaps I shouldn't have written ·it, I didn't · think. Will you forgive me?" The man rose. There was a peculiar wearinesr about the movement that Ma rion had never noticed before. His face was white a nd for a moment there was a curious expression that was absolutely new, but he smiled the same old friendly smile. "There is nothing to forgive, little gi'rl, and I shouldn't have spoken as I did, I have no right to pry into your secrets, even though I have always been your old Perry friend. But I want to thank you for letting me be the right man for even just 'that little while, it was mighty sweet and I shall never forget it- " Suddenly he caught her hands a nd drew her close to him. "Oh, li'ttle Marion girl, I can't bear to think that there is any other man. I know you don't think of me that way, but I guess the story has gone to my head. I'm not as slow or blind as you have me ·in the story. I've never 'once forgotten wha t I would give the world to possess. I've been loving you always. I was going to suggest that you fall in love with me that night at the party, when you sent me away, .and since then I have not dared come back to the subject. I realized then that I had no more claim · on your friendship than the other fellows. I've been afraid to say a word for fear it might spoil it all, but I've got to say rl now, no matlter what happens. Do you think--" He got no farther. Marion was sobbing in his arms. She knew it was a happy cry, the same as the one when she had found out herself, so long ago, where her heart belonged, but he had no way of knowing it, so one hand crept up against his cheek, confidingly, lovingly. "Why, Perry, I didn't pretend myself in that story," she whispered, "that has been real for oh! so long. I just P.retended you, because I love you!" As he stooped to kiss the lips so near his own he said somewhat unsteadily, "And how long is this story going to last?" Together they repeated the promise. "Forever and ever, Amen!" �Page twelve Maaic: Why Not Ragtime? . --~ HERE · is a growing tendency among people to ignore T ithe higher music, and cling alrno~t exclusively to the lower forms well typified by what is commonly - ·--. termed "ragtime". Some otherwise ·intelligent persons have eve·n gone so far as to assert that ragtime is superior to what is known as classical music. A friend ·once remarked that .the merits of music were not to be judged by the difficulty with which one must render it or the number · of harmony combinations which it possessed, but by its · power to move and incite to action its hearers. He further argued that at a Fourth of july picnic, a political convention, or in an army marching to war. a few lively selections of ragtime would do more toward filling men with 'enthusiasm than the compositions of all ihe Wagners and Verdis lumped together. . As this view seems to be prevalent universally, I will endeavor to shed some much-needed light on the subject. First, I will give the reader a few definitions that he .may understand clearly any terms or words that may subsequently be used: Music- The art and science of expressing emotions through the medium of tones so arranged rythrnically and melodically, as to produce a satisfactory effect upon the ear. Classical-A term applied to music of sufficient merit to bear repetition- standing the test of time, because of purity in form and structure. Not necessarily difficult. Measure-Two or more regularly recurring pulsations, ~epresented by a space between two bars. Rhythm-The divi·sion of musical ideas or sentences into regular portions. The swing of a selection. Syncopation-The unequal division of time or notes or tones ; an artificial accent which is usually followed by the natural rhythm; or, music having measures with displaced accents- five or six different kinds of forms. Ragtime is the lowest fonru of syncopation. Ragtime-The cheapest form of syncopated music, because of its appeal to 'physical action of little value. Good 1music is not necessarily complex in its harmony arrangements. Some of our choicest music is exceedingly simple and easy to render. The Welsh melody will live forever. Auld Lang Syne, America, Onward Christian Soldiers, Sweet and Low, with scores of folk-songs and hymns, will be sung many generations ·later than the best ragtime ·selection yet to be written. A great many of our songs and hymns are but excerpts from the ·works of the masters of tone. The difference between the good and the bad in music is the difference between an audience (order) and a mob (disorder). It is not difficult 'to incite a mob. ·A mob is easily moved. Ragtime will do it. As I was once much interested in politics, I will concede that my friend was right in stating that ragtime Is best for political conventions. Representatives from 'all classes are there, ·especially the "mob", the saloon gang, the "wardheelers," "job-hunters." the "mentally and morally ragged." Give them rags! I have never heard of anybody corning away from a political convention any more refined than before going In The "good book" tells us that we are prone to wander. We are likely to do this on sprees and holidays. It is when we are a little naughty or when we start to wander that some of us like "rags". As ragtime is less than twenty-five years old. it is certain The Western Comrad~ By Professor A. G. Wahlberg that the Army ·of th~ Republic did not use it in the Civil War. It played and sung "When Johnny Comes Marching Horne Again," ''just Before the Battle," "Battle Hymn of the Republic,'~ "Marching Through Georgia," and a. number of other • melodies writiten by George W. Root. · These with the national airs ~ere used, and none of them constitutes ragtime. In the Spamsh-Arnerican War; ·the bands did play "There'll Be a Hot Time" whlle. capturing a city. This was · probably justifi;;lble under the Circumstances because of the sentiment and the consequent fulfi\lrnent. People ignorant in the structure of music rhythmically and melodically are likely to confound popular and other fleeting music with ragtime. "I Love You, California" cannot be classed as ragtime as there are but four syncopated measures in it. It is a popular song with a poor text and cheap musical structure. Adverti,ernent and the 'sentiment have kept it alive. One s.eldorn he.ars it now: ...J:ip~rary" is not ragtime, for there 1s not a smgle syncopated id[asure in it. It was written . by Americans and was a failure as a popular song until made famous by British bands who played it in the European war. The national airs and melodies are the ones which inspire on the battlefield, where men are dying-not ragtime. Ragtime was introduced in, by and through, the "Minstrel Show" where in song and dance, the singers and dancers would, so to speak. "take off" the negra----:the emotional darky - with gestures and movements far more rude and uncouth than cultured and refined. Out of these experiences carne "ragging" and nearly all low dances of the modern dance hall. The difference between the good and the bad in music is also the difference between aestheti'c and "rag" dancing. Music is buih upon rhythm. Rhythm came out of the dance. . G. Stanley Hall has said tha,t one reason for the fact that ragti'me is holding the attention of the musically untrained is due to the fact that the most successful ragtime numbers have short motives or phrases. The elemental mind cannot grasp much. Another has said \that the difference between the good and the bad in music is identical with the difference between some of our modern writers and Shakespeare. An argument against ragtime is its short life, for we find that even its proponents tire of it. A ragtime selection seldom lasts more ·than a single season . In conclusion, ragtime appeals to the limbs or the animal side of human nature. In it, there is no appeal to the heart or the intellect. Good music requires an intellect for further understanding; consequently all without culture or an ' intellectual understanding of music are not touched by good music. The music which will stand an intellectual analysis, which appeals to the highest motives within us, which touches the heart as well as the head-that which is spiritual- will remain. --oA poor man is ever at a disadvantage in matters of public concern. When he rises to speak, or writes a letter to his superiors, they ask: "Who is this fellow that offers advice?" And when it is known that he is without coin they spit their hands at him, and use his letters in the cook's fires. But if it be a man of wealth who would speak or write or denounce, even though he have the brain of a yearling dromedary, or a spine as crooked and unseemly, the whole city listens to his words and declares them wise.- Li Hung Chang. --oA good m,an never makes a good soldier. The soldier is nothing but a legalized rnurderer.-Napoleon Bonaparte, �The Weatern Comrade r-=-m Edac:atioa . Montessori~What "It Achieves announcement made recently by the San Diego Montessori Association that Dr. Maria Montessori, j founder of the Montessori system of education, .would - - - conduct a summer class for teachers at San D1ego 1s one of the most notable ever made in educational circles. This will be the last appearance of Dr. Montessori in the United States for several years, as large classes await her in. struction in many countries of Europe. The elementary courses, as well . as the courses in subprima ry work will be included in the summer course. The former deals with the teaching of children from the sixth year until they are ready for high school instruction. The institution of sever-al demonstration schools to exemplify the practicability of the Montessori method is a feature of the course offered. Dr. Maria Montessori is perhaps the most inspiring figure in the educational world. An understanding of her work and methods is essential not only to teachers and students and parents, but to all who profess to be versed in the social sciences. Originally appearing as the apostle of a system of education purporting to sharpen and develop early the faculties of the child, she now leads a great movement having for its goal race improvement-individual, biological and social. Hers is no freakish . .fanatical philosophy; its value is permanent and indisputable, because all its theories have stood the test of science and reason, and its methods proved successful. Dr. Montessori is a physician, a scientist and a pioneer in the field of education. She began her phenomenal career in the educational world in Rome by conducting experiments with mentally deficient children. Observing that her methods restored imbecilic children to sanity, she proceeded upon the hypothesis that an elaboration of the same system could be used successfully with normal children. Experiment proved her assumption to be correct. The gist of the Montessori method is the careful watching of children so as to assist in the spontaneous development of capabilities or special faculties which they may possess. Dr. Montessori believes that the old conception of discipline confuses. inaction with ·demeanor. In her method, liberty is allowed the child, and the child is encouraged in using his liberty profitably through the study of interesting, absorbing things. Learning is done ·by DOING and DISCOVERING. The efficacy of SUGGESTION rather than a series of nagging orders has been proved. The ideal of Dr. Montessori is to de. velop the WHOLE child-ALL his faculties and proclivities. Careful attenition is giv~n to bodily strength, knowledge of the practical necessities of life, keenness of all the senses, accurate muscular control, intellectual education and moral and spiritual growth. It is a remarkable fact that. notwithstanding lhe broad field here covered in the instruction of the child, the children learn the rudiments of reading, writing and computation much earlier than children trained with the old method. Prudence Stokes Brown, founder of the Montessori school in Llano, and who took special courses under the instruction of Dr. Montessori, is one of the most experi·enced and successful teachers of the new method. She has the following to say concerning the Montessori system: "Instead of the old idea that children are instinctively bad and disorderly, Dr. Montessori has proved that .the normal child is instinctively good and loves order, beauty and work. To that end, she has established the children's houses, laboratories where children are left free in their work. All disorder T I "I , is eliminated, but that activity which is good is left, the most complete liberty of manifestation. Adults often stigmatize as evil in the small child that which annoys them, when he. is only seeking self-expression. He rebels, and is called 'naughty,' but give him the means of self-expression, and rebellion is noticeably absent." The Montessori ·school which Mrs. Brown now teaches is a,· fascinating study in child psychoilogy. Here the infant mind is seen to unfold, expand and flower with startling rapidity. A mother visiting the school, 1noticing a child carrying a tall, pink pyramid of blocks around and . around the veranda, asked, "lsn'·t that a waste of time?" "By no means," returned Mrs. Brown, "Note the poise he has--note the sense of balance, his steadiness." Mrs. Brown continued, "The poise Louis has is due to the training in· carrying that pyramid and walking on a line to Islow music, carrying a glass of colored water. Children love beauty, and so we appeal to this -taste by providing attractive surroundings." The visitor noted that the whole porch 1 where the children studied was indeed picturesque with the many bits of statuary and ornaments artistically placed. William, Helen and Majorie .were seated blindfolded at a table putting various geometrical insets into 'spaces provided for them. The visitor tried to show Marjorie where to place one. The child said, ,"Please don't show me, I want to do it myself," and William contributed, "That wouldn't be ·f air." When asked how reading and writing were taught, Mrs. Brown led the visitor to a 1room adjoining the porch in which was a low blackboard. Here was Marian Rode, aged four, blindfolded, feeling some large sandpaper letters on white cardboard. She would1raise the blindfold and carefully make the letter on the board as nearly like the sandpaper letter as possible. Marian was learning and at 'the same time enjoying herself. The visitor asked a mother who came to get her two children whether the school helped in the .disciplining of the children at home. "Indee&it does," replied the mother. "Mary Louise is much more adaptable and considerate than she used to be and helps in serving and washing the dishes. And ElizaQeth: who is only two years and three months old, dresses and undresses herself even to buttoning and unbuttoning her shoes. In fact, the home is where this training shows, and I try to . carry out ·the Montessori ideas in the children's live.s ." It is hoped that as many teachers as possible will take the course offered in San Diego by Dr. Montessori. A large number have' already arranged to attend the summer school, letters of inquiry having been receivedlfrom all over the state of Caliifornia. It is to be regretted. that mothers cannot secure thi·s instruction direct from Dr. Montessori at this time, but in the near future competent instructors will be available for all those desiring to learn the method. 1 ~ Your republic will be as fearfully plundered and laid waste by the barbarians in the twentieth century as the Roman empire was in the fifth, with this difference, that the Huns and Vandals who ravaged the Roman empire came from without, and that your Huns and Vandals will have been engendered within your own country and by your own institutions.Macaulay. ~ He that would be no slave must have no slave.-Lincoln. �Page fourteen What Shall We Do to Be Saved? r-. The Western Comrade s, John Dequr is my humble opinion that this question was origin- tremely ignorant men. Mentally almost an equivalent of the ally asked in an economic and not theological sense. people they deal with, and all I could hear was bluster and It was to the early Christian a question of vital, pres- brag ahout the laws they had passed or caused to pass, that - - - ent and not posthumous i:mportanee. What shaU we legalized the fines they put on death. They didn't call it do to be saved? Surely it was not the f~r of hell hereafter vandalage,- piracy, robbery-no, no-these are ugly word&. that inspired the question. No, not the fear, but the realization They offend the taste of the living who will some day be deac.l. of hell on earth in the form of Roman aggression upon their They call it business when they work to legalize processes by ancient liberties troubled them. It was the burden of militar- which they make i't financially impossible for u.s to die decently. ism that ate like a canker into their economic .substance and ·They do this through force of organization. And so we find it their social life, that threatened to reduce . them to an ever · everywhere. Those who are organized drive those who are lower peonage, that caused the cry: "What shall we do?" Not unorganized from the field through their collective power. "What shall we talk?" Not "What shall we read?" But Those who are organized, not to talk but to get or keep, are straight from the shoulder "What shall we do?" "What is to happy, well-fed, well-clothed, highly respected, well-washed be accomplished?" Thus they banded themselves together and unjailed. They are saved now. They have their salvation and we are told that there were none amongst them that here. Because you are unorganized to get, to make and to wanted, for they had all things in common. keep, you are underfed, misclothed, unhoused, unwashed, and Now I am not writing this as a sermon on the virtues of unrespected, frequently jailed. You are so helpless that you the ancient Christians. I am rather writing it in an attempt cannot do anything but work for them who are organized tc to awaken the slumbering social consciousness to action in a take the product of your toil. Hence, like ancient Christenphysical as well a,s an intellectual sense. I am a conv:ert_ t? the dom, you cry out, but not "What shall we do?" Your refrain propaganda of the deed. Not petit larceny deeds of mdivJdual is "What shall we believe to be saved?" "What shall we sabotage but broad, constructive deeds that lead to fuller an? read?'' "What shall we vote?" And "How moral should we freer and nobler life. It is deeds, not creeds we need. It Js be?" But whenever anybody says, "Let us do," then resocial action in our own mill amongst the purple ranges of echoes the refrain from the unorganized :·It can't be done." the Sierra Mad res. To cut our own trees for our own dwellMany of our so-called scientific Socialists seem to be still ings that sleep in the shimmering sunlight at the edge of the looking for a mystical deliverance, hoping to be taken into valley. To awaken a consciousness that will cause eart~ to the co-operative commonwealth in white linen bandages, withflower our collective soil with our collectively owned machme. out work of any member of the body except the jaw. The to reap the grain with collective hand and collectively enjoy word has become flesh. The man who denies the power of the products of mountain, plain and stream, made useful to co-operation in the face of co-operative success in many parts the need of man by the social labor of class-conscious work. of the world is simply an economic spook-artist who tries to That is the action that counts in rearing the great temple of make himself believe that he can orate himself out of hell. life from its foundation stone of bread to its turrets and min- Then he makes fun of the priest who tries to mumble a soul arets of joy, laughter and song. Things done are things won. out of Purgatory which, according to tradition, is only half Generally speaking we are as lost now as were the Romans as far down. Some consistency! We are told that only of the first century. Augustus Rockefeller, Caligula Morgan, material things count. Economic determinism, materialist conCrassus Carnegie and Caesar Wilson today encroach upon ception of history, material interest are continually talked our liberties, today are preparing armies for the destruction about but when we suggest tha:t we go to the land and do of the Jerusalem of our boast,-Free Democracy. Interest, material things, "You ain't orthodox." They talk of Direct rent and profit, taxes, special assessment, are now driving the Acrion, but when you advise action-horrors! it always widow from her cot ond throwing orphans on the street; are failed! Thus many of our Socialists, including the Executive causing the small farmer to vanish from his estate into the Committees of some large states, give to our materialistic philpeonage of renting. Concentrated capital is driving the little osophy a very theological interpretalrion. It is ·s urely not shop-keeper from his bench, the little store-keeper from the economic, for the science of economics deals with the managemart. On goes the merry march of organized power, of organ- ment of industrial affairs, and in that our theorizers are "heap ized might, strictly legal,--capitalism is long on legality-it much" deficient. · always makes a law before it commits a crime, to sanctify The theologian says: "Believe my creed and you shall be that particular crime. Never do anything unlawful; be sure ~aved." The mere political propagandist says: "Vote the you have the law on your side; that costs money and to gel ticket and doughnuts will fall like April showers" and then money you must be organized either to retain your product they have the brass to abuse the sound sense of mankind or to skin Henry; never be lawless; legalize your acts before when they are laughed a't. you commit them. I attended a conference of doctors, memIn answer to the question: "What shall we do to be saved?" bers of the Medical Association, organized for the benefit of the Co-operator makes this reply: "Organize with your comthe sick-Rats! They openly boasted of the laws they had rades; pool your resources; operate you own industries; eat secured for the safety of the people,-Huh? Oh, no; to keep and wear the products of your own toil; cease paying comout competing schools; to control the great art of dopeology mission for the privilege of existence; organize for deeds and in the hands of the association. They read a paper on public let creeds take care of themselves." health, but if public health were well taken care of how would At Llano we are doing the social deeds; are supplying the the learned doctor pay office rent? The medical associations social needs; are forgetting the soul-sickening creeds ; are have thus made laws or had laws made to protect their in- being saved from the worries and annoyances incident to terests and their interest is the disease and not the health of working-class life; and above that, we vote the ticket of our the community. I visited a convention ·of undertakers,-ex- class; We labor for the greater political I democracy• �The Wutern Comrade Fires of Love TWILIGHT EMBERS. . - - HAT a riotous profusion of thoughts comes to you while watching a fire! In the orange flames, now flickering, now leaping, now dying to a red glow, you can see faces and friends. 'Memories of the long ago come back in that magic light; visions of the mysterious fut-· · ure shape themselves into the little golden tongues of twisting brightness; and into your half-consciousness comes creeping all the dim, intangible fears and hopes which slowly form into hazy reveries as you sit enchanted. And love-love, too, appears before you, and for a while you dr_e am. W THE HOUSEHOLD HEARTH. You think of those with you, sitting around the fire-place, and a warm gratitude steels over you, remembering the affections of mother and father and sister and brother. How constant is the love among members of your family! -so unchangeable that at ;times you almost forget that it is there, ready to come to the foreground when loyalty and help are needed. It is just a comfortable, satisfying love that envelopes you in its steady warrnth-always ready when called upon, always unobtrusive when other matters are given precedence. How well it is typified by the fire on the household hearth! - which furnishes the heat for the living-room, and gives a cheerful warmth without advertising the source. Yet, if you wish, it is there for closer communion, always silently inviting you to bask in its radiance. What a sense of security and peace there is in the fire of the home! How joyfully you come back to it again after every absence! Yet it does not crowd out the pleasure in some of the other fires you likeand recalling this, to these others your thoughts begin to drift. THE CAMP FIRE. What a grateful memory there is of the fires built as you spent the evening in the Out-of-Doors! Tired and cold from the long day's journey, with what a welcome the crackling flames received you! They flavored the meals you cooked with savory smoke; and after you had refreshed your body with food and warmth, they afforded your mind food for thought and stimulated sweet recollections of other days. After banking the coals with wood for the night, you slept, basking in the glow. In the morning you awoke, revived mind and body, and broke camp, eager to be off, yet'looking regretfully at the dying embers. The fire had fulfilled its mission, a nd, having taken of its cheer, needing it no more, you left it forever. So with some of the friends you met in the hustle of life's activities. You greet them for a time, and appreciate sincerely their frienship. But when new places and new condttions call, anxious to find these new experiences, you hasten away. It is not without a feeling of ' sadness that you leave those who had brightened your path as you passed. Yet you must bid farewell, knowing that the pain of parting will gradually change into a happy memory. THE FOREsT FIRE. You have seen other great fires out of doors, infinitely larger than the camp-fire. On !s.ome glorious day of lnc.ln summer, you became aware of an increasing haziness along the timbered hills, and later you scented the delicate aroma of wood-smoke. The distant atmosphere became -grayer and bluer. a.nd then, above tthe hills, you could see the gray almost imperceptibly ble.11ding, with the sky. Thicker and whiter grew By Et h e I Wi n g e r the smoke, and ·as you approached, the pines were lost in its clouds. Suddenly, the fire leaped out, and .instantly before , you were miles .of burn.i.ng forest. The waves of flames mounted to ·a mighty ·conflagration. The fire tore through the trees. It mowed down everything in its path. It mocked with crashing his5es all attempts to quench it. The roar resounded and reverberated through !the canyons. For days the fire raged-until the fuel failed. For a long time the smoke lingered, and when the last coals died, nothing was left but barrenness and desolation. Those hillsides would always bear marks of the conflagration, but some day, in places where the decaying logs and impenetrable underbrush had been cleared away, more trees will ·be planted, and once again the green pines will lift their tops to the star~. Such a fire is the love qf lovers. Coming gradually, it is scarcely noticed before tt gets a permanent stronghold, when it Many such spots as this are within easy reach of Llano residenll carries all in its path. It is irresistible. And then, if it is dc:J:eJ the food on which it is fed, it will die out, leaving only ruin in its place. But if the sple.ndid loyalties and affections were destroyed, so were the impenetrable prejudices, the decaying monotonies. And some day, on the ·old ruin, may be planted seeds where new ideals, endeavors and new love may grow unhindered. THE FIRES OF THE INFINITE. How differently magnificent are the fires of the sky! The gentle evening sta·r ·that oomes with the tWJ1ight, so &teady in its sublimity, so sweet in its beauty, fills us with reverence as v;e gaze. Its quiet radiance, broken by a faint, faint twinkle of rosy color,. brings us peace, and dispels, the weariness, the disappointment or the pain of the day. (Continued on Page: 22) �. The Weotern Comrade Page oixteen Was Schmidt Guilty? (This is the fourth installment of_ Comrade Harriman'• address in the trial of the Los Angeles Times dynanutmg cases.] ----- ~TIE McMANIGAL met Hockin at Muncie, and there they arranged to, and did, purchase and ~tore. the first 0 I bit of dynamite that the Iron Work~rs Umo1_1 ever - purchased or owned. It was stored m. a music box in a cottage at Muncie, Indiana, where McMamga~ went for his supplies. Feeling that the place was not suf!ictently ~on­ cealed, he suggested that his supplies should be stored m_ a more isolated quarter. He accordingly moved the dynamtte from Muncie to an old isolated cooper shop at Roches~er, Pennsylvania. Feeling now that all was ready, the executiOn of the campaign of destruction began. . However far away, whether in Boston, New York, Peona, Salt Lake or wheresoever, the dynamite necessary for t~e work was taken from the cooper shop at Rochester. E~ch ttme, _he said, he returned to the cooper shop and went hts way wtth . . his deadly missile. Neither he, nor anyone else, ever got any_ dynamtte or 21tr~: glycerine at any place, at or near ~ny pomt,_ where a JO? was done, nor did they get any mtro-glycenne or dynamite . except from the cache at Rochester. This also is consistent with the secret methods which McMa nigal, on cross-examination, said they always and everywhere employed. . . Not only did McManigal get the mtro-glycenne that he used from the cooper shop, but he said tha t ] . B. McNamara also . got all he used from the same cache. It will be remembered that J. ]. McNamara and McMamgal found faulth with Hockin for appropriating some of the cash that should have been paid to McManigal for the jobs that_he claims to have done. This altercation resulted m removmg Hockin from the field. Naturally Hockin became angry and a short time thereafter the cache of dynamite at the cooper shop was discovered. Suspicion, of course, was cast upon J-:lockm by those familiar with the plot, but at that time no evtdence was at hand. Another quantity of nitro-glycerin~ was pu~chased and deposited by McManigal in a cinder-ptle near Ptttsburg. . It was from this cache, he testified, that he took ·the mtsstle With which he destroyed the building at Peoria, Illinois. . Some time after the job at Peoria ·was done, McMan!gal testified that he was riding with ] . ] . McNamara from lndiai_Iapolis to Ohio, when McNamara discovered the mark Peona on McManigal's shoes. "What do you mean by leavmg that mark on your shoes? Take it off at once. ~hey could trace you by that back to Peoria." Again we see With what secrecy they governed themselves. Sho!1tly after the cache was placed in the cinder-pile, McManigal said he was followed across the bridge _and down to the place wher_e the cache was placed. He clam~ed to have reported this fact to J. ]. McNam~ra, and that he tmme~tately ordered all the nitro-glycerine to be brought from the cmderpile to his vault in Indianapolis, and McManigal claims to have done the transportation. The cache was placed there because McManigal said they thought it would be the last place where any one would think of looking for it. · Again Hockin was ' suspected of treachery but no evidence was then in hand to support the suspicion. Later, however, it appeared that Hockin had, as L~ey suspected, turned traitor and delivered them into the hands of the enemy. It must be remembered that McManigal testified that he never met but two men who were not members of the Executive Board1of the Iron Workers. One of these men was Smith of Peoria, Illinois. ~rue,~ .teStified that he_ met Webb of New York, but you will r~ber that Webb ts a member of the Executive Board. McManigal's testimony in regard to Young of Massachusetts is not true. It is inconsistent with the methods employed, inconsistent with the secrecy that the success of the enterprise demanded, and whicli ·was being strictly observed. McManigal said he went to see Young, tha:t Young took him to the opera house, then being built by non-union labor. and told him where he wanted the )dynamite placed. That Young then departed. and that he, McManigal, went for his infernal machine. That two watchmen paced to and fro in front of the opera house. meeting midway, ·then turning their backs each towards the other, they walked in opposite directions. That while their backs were turned toward each other, he slipped in between them, placed a shot under the stairs, and slipped out again and went on his way. The fact is that J. ]. McNamara, by means of correspondence always learned what buildings were in trouble and where they were located. McManigal received from him and Hockin all ·instructions. This was done in order that McManigal should not meet anyone, union or otherwise, in any city where he went. As a matter of fact, no one in any city knew who was guilty of the job, and not a footprint or trace was left behind. If he saw Young at all it was as a mere stranger who inquired for a certain opera house. Young might have told :this stranger where rt was located, and if McManigal paid his carfare, possibly he went with him to the place, without ever suspecting the man to whom he was rendering his 1services. Then they parted and McManigal, ~till under cover and free from suspicion, skulked back to the station and got his ten quarts of nitro-glycerine, a fearful engine of destruction. This time he testified that he left it Ill the depot with the parcel department. Sometimes he checked it with the hotel clerk. This 'tender-hearted father and 38caliber winged angel, said he was sufficiently thoughtful to tell them not to drop it. that they might break some•thing. It was thoughtful of him indeed. I can see him now with h:s iron wings · folded, going afoot through the narrow streets of Boston, with his infernal machine in hand. to do his work ol destruction, wh'ile Young lay peacefully slumbering without a thought of suspicion in hi51 heart. only to wake on the followin g morning to be suspected with the rest of the union men of il crime of which they knew absolU'tely nothing. This is the only method by which they could have carried out their secret schemes for three successive yea rs. The same sta te of facts applies to Smith of Peoria. McManigal did not da re tell Young or Smith or anyone else in any place, what his mission was. The secret could never have been kept by such childish methods. No one knew nor could have known what was being done but a part of the Board and McManigal and J. B. McNamara. The proof of this is found in the testimony of the expert accountant (Mr. Cook) who told you who received and disbursed a certain fund which amounted to about eighteen thousand dollars. The accountant told you that the money was paid to Hockin, McNamara, Ryan and Webb, all members of the Executive Board; that Clancy received sixty-eight dollars and fifty cents all told. and that Butler, also a member, received only fifty dollars. It is altogether improbable that. Clancy and Butler knew anythiag whatever of the campaign. �The We -s tern Comra .d .e It is true that Clancy called for Hockin to come to the coast. Hockin h.a d been in the field organizing, and Clancy thought he was the m~st desirable man. But Hockin did not come. He sent Mr. Berry of St. Louis. The man who was acting in secret in the field was also sent without the knowledge of Clancy. Ryan. Hockin, j. j . McNamara .and Webb-these f~;>ur with McManigal an d J. B. McNamara in the field doing the work, knew and kept the secret. If you will only look the facts in the face you will see that it could not have been otherwise. Place yourselves in the same position, conducting the same kind of a fight with the same methods. Would you have permitted anyone, however near to you, to have known what you were doing, excepting those who were absolutely necessary in order to successfully carry on the undertaking ? I submit that you wo uld not, and I submit th at they did not. And the testimony of McManigal to the contrary, concerning Young and Smith was perjured for the purpose of lending color to the theory of the prosecution, namely, that the conspiracy was nation-wide. We are not justifying the methods employed. In my judgment it was an ins a ~· '! policy. But th ey were dri ven into a corner. McManigal suggested th e plot. It seemed to them that it would work. They kept it a secret among themselves. Secrecy was necessary. Had such a pol icy been known to the organization it would have crea ted greater consternation than defeat. The men in the various cities never knew it and never co uld have known it. The movement wo uld not stand for it, and did not stand for it, and neither the orga nizers of the locals in the various cities knew it or would stand for it. When the McNamaras pleaded guil ty the defense funds that were pouring in from all over the cou ntry stopped instantly, and the defense, both in Indianapolis and here, has been a poverty defense ever since. The forty men who were convicted in the East had practically no funds with which to fight . You have heard the worst of all the testimony that was offered agai nst them. I submit that there is not sufficient evidence to convict so many men. The evidence would probably cover those whom I have named but it would not go beyond. The theory of the prosecution is that the campaign was nation-wide, and that practically all the leaders of the labor movement are involved. It is upon this theory that they would have us believe that the lockout in Los Angeles in 1910 was a part of that plot and scheme. In order to confound the evidence and to con fuse your minds, they first offered evidence of what happened in the East and then of what happened in the West, thus constantly oscillating between the East and West like a shuttlecock, as though that would connect the two struggles. Of course, there was a struggle in the East. Everyone admits that. There was also a struggle in Los Angeles in 1910, but they were as distinct and separate from each other as the business affairs of the city of Los Angeles are 'separate from the business affairs of the city of Indianapolis. The only threads by which they have endeavored to tie these two struggles together are the trip of j. B. McNamara to the coast and a letter and check of a thousand dollars sent to 0. A. T veitmoe. I shall take up first the matter of J. B. Bryce, and second the check that was sent to Mr. Tveitmoe. McManigal lf:esti1i.ed that he and J. B. McNamara were assigned to do some work together in Cleveland, Ohio. That j. B. McNamara was so secretive that he refused after the first trip to go again with anyone. That when he left Indianapolis for the coast he had .two suit cases. That j . B. McNamara told him that one had clocks and batteries, but that he would not say what the other contained. That it was heavy. That he (McManigal) had two valises full of nitroglycerine, one being for a job at Omaha, Nebra~ka , and the dther for a job in Wisconsin. That they went on the train from Indianapolis to Chicago together, but that J. B. McNamara would not talk. This is further evidence of the secret methods employed. If they would not talk to each other regardin g their enterprise Is it reasonable to believe that j. B. McNamara would talk to strangers on the Pacific coast? We are told by McManigal that j. B. McNamara came direct to Los Angeles from Indianapolis, and the registers of hotels have been produced in this court to support that statement. If that is true, and if the Los Angeles Times was blown up with dynamite, then the stuff that McManigal says j. B. McNamara brought in his valise from Indianapolis, is the stuff with which the work was done. Later J. B. McNamara went to San Francisco. There is not one particle of evidence that he met any union men there. Everything tends to show that he observed his usual secretiveness. While he was there he stopped with a Mrs. Ingersoll. Somewhere he must stop and there he happened in. This woman was a stranger to the union men of San Francisco. Certainly if there had be~:n any connection between the Eastern struggle and the lockout in Los Angeles this man Bryce would not have been housed with a stranger. ("Was Schmidt Guilty?" began in the May number and will run for several months. Back numbers, ten cents a copy.J A DAY of disaster for any nation will surely dawn when its society 'is divided into two classes--the unemployed rich and the unemployed poor-the former a handful and the latter a host.-Daniel Webster. Le£1, fi~ing- boile. at south industrial building; center. stone worll: for ha>ose bam ; right~ grading Lrano fan& for in1gafing. �Co-operatioo Co-operati0n the World Over Notes About the Chief Co-operatives -Gleaned from Many Sources California Associated Raisin Company The California Associated Raisin Company is one of the most important and powerful farmers' co-operative <>rganization• in the world. Orgamzed in 1912, at which time the unfortunate fanners were becoming desperate because of the wretched marketing conditions prevailing. the company now control• eighty-live per cent of the raisin production of the United State•; hat a membenhip of over 3500 stockholders; has a working capital and ourplus of $1,500,000, and has a total acreage of raisins under contract of 140,000 acres. Although handicapped early in the history of the organization by the blind, •elfish detire of the growers to remain "on the oul•ide" of the organization in the hope of securing a higher price from private dealers, the company pro•pered until today it is very firmly entrenched. Between April I, 1913 and April I, 1917, it handled 318,000 Ions of raisins and received a grou •um for them of more than $38,000,000. During the oame period, after defraying expenses of handling, packing and selling, the grower& were paid more than $29,000,000. The result has been a perm· anent and material increase in price to the grower, and a decided improvement in quality of the product to the consumer. The office of the California Associated Raisin Company is in Fresno, California.- Wylie M. Giffen, President. Starting the Co-opetative Store No co-operative store should begin busines. before it has organized its market; in o ther words, its membership. No store should open its doors until it knowa how many customers it can depend on to buy from it• ator.k. Never count on passing trade. This means that the society must fint be organized and its first members chosen with extreme care. Never atart a co-operative society through a general public meeting. Thnt method brings in clements that will only disrupt when the first difftculties are met. But the members of a co-operative group should constitute a society for the study of social problems, with especial reference to co-operation. The most effective group for organizing a co-oper~tive society is one in '"hich the members have nn intimate personal acquaintance with each other und nrc bound by some other tics, such as membership in the same labor union. community center, neighborhood guild, workmen's circle or other o rgnnizntion which gives a sense of kinship and solidarity. It is best thot the members should be neighbors rather than that they should live widely Beparated.- The Co-operative League of America. Nokomis Co-operative Society (Nokomis, Illinois) We Me progressing nicely. Our report shows that we made a seven per cent patronage dividend during the first quarter, and expect to show • better report thi• second qunrter which ends 1une 30. Our member•hip is growing steadily and our sales for this quarter are about fifty per ent larger than those of last quarter. Besides getting the profits r oursclv •• we nrc assured of best quality merchandise at an honest pri c ns far as retailing is concerned. Also our patrons get full weight and me sure.- From a letter by H. E. Gifford, Manager. r The Need for Co-operation In the c:o.nduct of modern busine"' there is much waste; there is also gHlnt profit. Last ear the value of products of this country amounted to $8,000,000,000; $2,000,000,000 remained on the farms. When the $ ,000,000,000 of produc<o sold reached the consumer, he paid $13,000,000,000. Thftt i,., is costs $7 to market every $6 worth of produce. The consumer is b~nning to osk why some of this waste should not be utilit:ed for him and some of th~e profits be returned to him. Nobod} \ nl'$ to help him; many in fact would fin<l it to their advantage to hinder him; '"'"' seem to be of no ._,.,i}; government is hdpless. He, therefore, must h hinudf, but to do this e&.,.,tivdy he must work in unison with his fdlc>w c:o.nsumers. Co-operation olfen the only sure means.- ew En land Co-operative Society. American ociety of Equity cful ~ in America in spreading the &<>spd of • an Socidy of Equity at ausa: W"ISO>liSin. The mi"ioo of the society is ~to ~ the fai'IDeiS lo&dher. team tb.m the of ~ • 01\'1 iz.e them ancl show them bow, by aH>peritbVe and by ~til"' _Ia~ buJing. they can dimina. e e of the most co-.ration is the necessary middlemen, reduce th., cost of getting their products into the hands of the consumen, and thus receive a muc4 larger per c:entage of the price paid for them. European Co-operation The transformation in the rural life of more than one European community through co-operation has amounted to little less than a revolution. Higher standards of agricultural products and production have been set up and maintained, better methods of farming have been inculcated and enforced, and the whole social, moral and civic life of the people hns be~n raised to a higher levd. From the viewpoint of material gain, the chtef benefits of agricultural co-operation have been the elimination of unnecessary middlemen, and the economies of buying in large quantities, and selling in the best markets, and employing the most efficient implr.mcnts. -Rev. Father A. Ryan. German Co-operatives The statistics of the Gennan agricultural co-operative societies sho' that in 1915 there were 97 central co-operative societies, 2,833 co-operative societies for collective sale and purchase, 17,781 co-operative savings and loan banks, 3,568 co-operative dairy societies, 4,353 co-operative societies having other objects; a total of 28,652 agricultural co-operotive societies, 164 of them founded in 1915, having a membership of 2,500,000. --Montana Equity News. ll1e American consumer has no ~ood grounds for complaint against the farmer. because of the prices he pays for farm products. The consumer can protect himself by buying directly from the farmer as the English consumer, through the aid of co-operative associations, is successfully doing.- 1ames Wilson, formerly Secretary of Agriculture. Wind versus Work If trade umomsts and labor men generally had spent half the tirr.e they have expended on resolutions during the past hundred years on co-operative business problems, the Co-operative Commonwealth would have been much nearer today. It is far better to build factories than hold conferences for the mere purpose of protesting against the unfairneu of exploiters. These protests have been made for centuries. Unless we make factories in the future instead of speeches, the protesla will continue for centuries to come.- The Producer, England. The workers of the world must learn to co-operate. hang together, they will hang separately. Rochdale System tn If they do not America The Rochdale system of consumers co-operation so successfully in vogue in England, may be used equally as successfully in America, provided an effort is made to adjust the system to peculiar busineu and financial conditiqns in the United States. Many co-operators have failed in using the Rochdale method in this count ry and have ever after contended tha t its application here is impossible. It is an interesting fact that of all the co-operative stores that have succeeded in America, the larger per centage of them have adopted a modification of the Rochdale •ystem. Co-operation Unifies The most favorable omen for the success of the proposed Conferenu: for the settlement of the Irish problem lies in the history and experience of the Irish co-operative movement. In the countriet which have been sharply dinde.! along radical, poliiical and religious lineo, the one unifying force has been the common interest of all groupo in the co-operative stores, co-operative diaries and co-operative credit oocietieo. -Laurenu C. Stapl~. Co-operative league of America. Co-operative Egg Marketing In Canada approximately 105 egg circles are in active operation at the present time. Of these forty are loc:ated in Ontario. The most t!ICUH-ful co-operative egg and poohry asoociation in Canada it located in Prince Edward Island, "'here wme fifty-two or lifty-lhree auociation• ue amalgamated into one antral auociation ...;th antral wutbo>asing. grading and seUing facilities. The "aticmal Agricultural Organizaticn Society is an instillltioa is hdping farmers to CD-<JI)Crale.. For inf<>JDJabon write to the Secretary, 3«l ashingto BuiJmng. Madson. Wssamsin. �The Weotern Page nineteen Comrade • News and Views In Agriculture Do These Things Now Thin the vegetables that ohow signs of crowding. To do so requires courage, but it will pay. The young beet tops make excellent greens. At the fi rsl appearance of the striped bee!le on melon and squaoh vines, spray with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, or dust with powdered air-slaked lime. Watch for curculio on plum and quince trees. This is a grayish beetle ahoul a quarter of an inch long. Jar the trees and catch the beetles on sheets spread on the ground. Do the cultivating and weeding early in the morning of a hot day. The up rooted weeds will be scorched by the sun. Never lei the soil become caked or form a crus!. To produce ex ira large bunches of grapes pinch off the young shoots so as to leave one or two eyes. Plan! successive crops of com, beans, peas, beels and lettuce. Stop culting aspargus soon and allow the shoots lo grow. Keep weeds down and the soil well stirred. An application of quick-acting fertilizer on the aspargus bed will do much good. As soon as the peas and beans are off pull oul the vines and sow cabbages, turnips or sweet corn. Look out for the green worm on curran! and gooseberry bushes. If abundant enough to arouse the individual farmer lo an effective grass· hopper campaign. It is this aggregate loss over hundreds and thouaands ?f farms that must be lesoened, as well as the loss where the pest appears m such great numbers as to destroy the entire crop.-State Commissioner of Horticulture. Small Fruits The soil cannot be too rich for strawberries. Good berries will grow on a soil that will raise good white potatoes. A good fertilizer is wellrolled manure, with a lillie commercial potash and rock phosphate applied with the manure a year before the plants are set out. The only fruit that rebels against late pruning is ti-e grape, which shows protest in bleeding. Raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries and currants can be pruned after they are in full leaf, or even in bloom without hurt.-The Co-operatora' Herald. Mushrooms We sometimes hear the complaint that by neglecting to use the mush· rooms that could be cultivated, Americans are wasting an important food. A good mushroom, properly cooked, is a very luscious morsel and as such is a welcome addition lo the dietary. If you are absolutely sure present spray with Paris green and water- an ounce to about six gallons. -The Country Gentleman. Light and Ventilation Dairy Stable 1n the lhe general rule lo be followed in lighting a dairy stable is one square foot of glass area for each unit of twenty square feel of floor space. Another rule calls for four to six square feet of glass area for each co·N . For a shed f1fleen by sixty feel, or 900 square feel, there would be neces· sary forty·five square feet of glass area. By spacing windows containing six square feet of glass area from center to center along the sixty-foot wall. ample light would be provided. Window ventilation is quite salis· factory when the sashes lilt in at the top, as a temporary proposition. These same sashes will work into a modified type of the King system of ventilation later, if desired.-F. W. llcolts. Brood Sows The practice of having brood sows produce lwo lilters a year, as fol· lowed in some of the hog-raising sections of the United Stales, should be encouraged, except where short seasons and severe winer prevent. Sows intended lo farrow fall lillers should be bred nol later than the end of June. Those thai are in breeding condition after weaning their spring Iiiier should be breed the first time they come in heal. There are generally a few sows in the herd thai are thin and run down in condition after wean· ing, and these should be fed a lillie heavier for a few weeks before the breeding to insure a larger Iiiier in the fall. The dale of breeding should be recorded so as lo determine the date of farrow. The geslahon penod of a sow is 112 to 115 days. The sows should be watched closely to see if they come in heal after they are once bred, so they can be rebred. The heat period is every 21 days.- Uniled Stales Department of Agriculture. Building the Road up into the Mountains; it now ex lends for a dozen miles and is a remarkably good mountain road. thai the variety thai grows on your lawn or in the neighboring fields is of the edible kind, by all means cook it and eal il; il will do you good. But if you have ll•e leas! doubt of its innocuousness, you had beller leave il alone; the risk is loo greal and the possible gain in nutriment is loo slight. How t s Your Alfalfa? The Loss from Grasshoppers Has your new alfalfa seeding slopped growing ? Is it spoiled and patchy? Is il turning yellow? Have you a thin sland? Let uo find oul what is the maller. 1. Are you sure your soil is no I sour? Does il need lime for alfalfa? Did you lesl it with litmus paper lo see if it needed lime before you seeded? 2. Did you inoculate? Are there nodule• on the rooll? 3. Is your field reasonably fertile and well drained? Are there any low wei spots? Alfalfa will no I stand wei feet. 4. Do you have a hardpan subsoil six or eight inches below the surface? Hardpan is impenetrable lo young alfalfa roots. 5. Did you have a poor stand lasl fall? Too thick seeding of the nurse crop and the use of late-ripening grain may cau•e poor stands. 6. Was your alfalfa cui or paolured late in the fall? Remember the eight-inch rule: If alfalfa does no I go into winter with eight inches of growth il may suffer from winter killing.-The Country Gentleman. In California alone grasshoppers have cauoed an annual destruction of al least $1,000,000 lo the cereal and forage crops, which are the main crop• necessary for the food supply; not mentioning the immense loss from this pest to the fruit, vegetable and !ruck crops of thiS >echon of the country. In some of the larger alfalfa fields, the annual loss conslilufes almost one-third of the normal production. In other sections this peal is present year after } .,;,i, causing a great aggregate los&, but hardly The ration for a horse of a pound of grain and a pound of hay per hundredweight a day is a useful standard. The horse doing light work may receive more hay and Ieos grain, and the horse at severe labor should receive approximately the above amount of hay and enough grain to keep him in condition.- J. L. Edmunds, Florida. The Windbreak as a Farm Asset Windbreaks are, in more ways than one, a farm assel. They tend lo prevent the soil from drying oul quickly and they protect grain and orchards from mechanical injury by the wind. A belt of lrees by the farm buildmgs protecll them from extreme winter cold and summ~r heat, and makes the farm a pleasanler place in which to live. The windbreak may also be a source of wood suppiy for u•e on the farm and for sale. - Farmers Bulletin. Garbage as Fertilizer Mix the garbage with about three limes the quantity of soil and lei it remain for several month• until it becomes well rolled. This will avoid fermentation and souring.-8. C. Marner, New York. Horse Rations �Page twenty Book Reviews The Reviews of Recent Readable Books ' ~The American Year-Book" Appleton's "The American Year Book: A Record of Events and Progress," is intended for the needs of writers and searchers of every kind. It does not aim to be a rival of other annual publications, either foreign or domestic. ll1e Year Book "appeals first of all to students in all fields who wish a record of progress, not only in their own, but in other departments of human endeavor. It is intended, also, as a handbook for busy men, edi tors, writers, a nd p rac tical and business men who wish · to verify or confirm points that arise in their minds; and to serve as a handy body of reference material settling questions of fact." Having been familiar with the annual during most of the seven years of its existence, I can say with fervor that this expecta tion has been more than met, and that the 1916 events recorded in the 1917 edition make it the best issue of them all. The Year Book is edited by Francis G. Wickware with the co-operation of a supervisory board representing the national learned societies. There are 127 special contributors, specialists in each line. The war occupies a large percentage of the discussion, and I have seen no o ther source of information of the year 191 6 so complete as this one. The same thing for that matter may be said of any field of research or activity. The papero are grouped under 32 departments, wit h thorough table of contents and index. Socialism receives a fair treatment from the pen of Carl D. Thompson, dealing with both the Ame rican and foreign developments. For a present and a permanent reference book, Appleton's has come to mean in its field what the World Almanac means in its sphere. (New York: D. Appleton & Co.) "How to Avoid Indigestion" Dr. Robertson Wallace, M.B .. C.M .. is a practical physician with many sane ideas, which he is not afraid to give to the "laity". In two little books he has recently imparted some fa cts that are worth reading. One is "How to Avoid Indigestion: Its Chief Causes and Curative Treatment." This is rather an ambi tious title for a brochure of 176 pages, but Dr. Wallace wastes no energy in side issues. He tells of the organs at fault the process of healthy digestion, everyday causes of indegestion, stomach and intestinal indigestion, diet for dyspeptics, and food to combat special symptoms. The book is designed for "the plain man, in plain English," what is of practical service in the daily routine of life. "How to Avoid Nervous Disorders: A Complete T realise Concerning Their Nature , Prevention and Cure," was prepared "expressly for the layman in all that pertains to the care of his nervous system in health, and its treatment when out of order." The au thor desires that the readers may be prompted to so train their nervous organization that it shall be the servant rather than the master of their fate, " and at the same time afford sufficient information to enable them to follow intelligently the general as well as the special lines of treatment of the more common functional nerve troubles of everyday life."-(The Britton Publishing Co.) "Mental Adjustments" One recalls Emanuel julius' "Democratizing the Nice Stuff" in studying the pages of "Mental Adjustments," written by Frederick Lyman Wells, of Mclean Hospital, Waverley, Mass. It is the most significant contribution to psychology of the past year, and written in a style simple enough for the average student, and at the sam' time erudite enough for the profound specialist. It is one of the series of "The Conduct of Mind," edited by Professor Joseph Jastrow of the University cf Wisconsin. Dr. Jastrow is the foremost American psychologist, and his seal on any book is evidence th•t it is something more than ordinarily worth while. I am going to quote from his analy tical introduc tion to the book t0 give you an idea of its scope. ''The science of happiness," write5. Dr. Jastrow, .. is the most intricate of human pursuits. It is to this study that Dr. Wells makes a si gnificant contribution. As a pioneer, he blazes the trail; others will be guided by his route, though the future highways may diverge from his triangulations. Central in the composition stands that complex of forces imposed by nature embodied in the function of sex, and from that focus radiating to all the expressions of human energy, desire, will, conduct. To consider the mani· festations of sex so insistently and unreservedly may seem to many unu! ed to this perspective an unseemly intrusion. or an unworthy degradation. The libido plays with the human will, mocks at its attempts to escape its bonds, and through the exponent of science reveals the true significance of the mind's expressions. The volume moves toward a definite position in regard to the control and expression of vital trends. Such a position has a direct bearing upon ethics and education and all the re~ulative s;rstet~~J that distinguish be- Western Comrade By D. B obspa tween good and bad, between more and less desirable. For adjustment implies value, indeed sets the standard of value. Dr. Wells attemp ts an analysis of the source of such st•ndards and an appraisal of their worth and fitness for the life that we today mus t attain. Beginning with the biologinl relations; he promptly introduces the mental factor, and presents the mind and its products as an instrument of adjustment. The use and waste of t!>.e ·mental trends is his theme. The substitution of thoughts for realities takes us back t<> primitive man and the unschooled habits of his mind, to magic and superstition; it takes us collaterally to the breakdown of mind in the forms of insanity, in which the distinction of fact and fancy fades . "Difficulties and failures of adjustment furni sh the basis for the more elaborate analyses . . . The nature of intelligence and the modes of testing it; the scope a nd significance of individual differences; the newer methods of attacking the higher judging processes in terms of which adjustment proceeds; these are included in the survey. "Dr. Wells reflects his professional interests in the disqualifications a nd liabilitles of the abnormal mind; his training is equally adequate in the study of experimen tal problems among the normal. The work should find its place as an aid to the general reader, as a guide to the psychological student, whatever his practical interests or professional purpose may be. Ideas irregularly scattered through the technical literature are here brought together. wi th much original interpretation. into a consistent whole.''\D. Appleon & Co,) "White Nights, and Other Russian Impressions" "White Nights, and Other Russian Impressions" is a good picture pf Russia just prior to the Revolution, as pictured by Ar thur Ruhl, one of the best known American journalists. An example of the impressions that is of especial interest is the following: "Rodzikanko, the Duma president, like most of the deputies, is a landowner- he h"'-s enormous estates down in the southern steppe countryand on the hot summer afternoon when I was talking with him he was thinking, as many of his colleagues were, of the crops and getting home. "''!he land won't wai t.' he boomed. 'If the crops a ren't good, Russia suffers. And the army suffers. We must go home soon.' And the political earthquake was then only a few months away." Nearly thirty full-page pictures from photographs accompany the vivid descriptions of scenes and events in Russia. ..The Road to Ru ssia" is an interesting introductory chapter that gives some sidelights on Norway and Sweden. He describes the homecoming of a gro up of German soldie rs who had been exchanged from the allies' prison camps. They were spiritle., wrecks, most of whom were nearly dead from tuberculosis, besides having legs, arms and eyes missing. Among the fea tures of Russian war time life described are the events at the front, the Moscow Art theater, a look at the Duma. Russia's war prisoners, a Russian cotton king. down the Voll(a to Astrakhan, Volga refugees and Roumania's lesson on the meaning of war. The narrative is told in the easy style of the well-informed newspaper correspondent, wi th pertinent observations on the meanings o f what Mr. Ruhl was seein g. Previously to this book, Mr. Ruhl has wri tten "Antwerp to Gallipoli," "Second Nights," and "The Other Americans.'' The photographs are partucula rly interesting and illuminating.-(Charle• Scribners' Sons). "The Royal Outlaw" I am sure humanity has made a big advance, and H. G. Wells' idea of a finite God which had nothing to do with "creation" and all that bunk, since reading Charles B. Hudson's "The Royal Outlaw," a novel of King Dovid during rhe period when he Red from the insane wrath of Saul and lived as an outlaw and exile. It is written on the style of the Americ>.n historical novels so popular a few years ago, and still written by Emersan Hough. There is nothing of the mystic awe and reverence in talking of this fascinating poet-butcher amorous king of the Jews. His lawless gathering of associates. their trips among the enemy countries, their hidings in the caves and hills, the love affairs and the battles bring out all of their qualities as human beings without Jehovah's whiskers getting mixed into the frays. The book is historically accurate, and a well-told novel. Romance and adventure blend in a stirring tale, coming from the lips of Old Alian o' the Wood. David's veteran man-at-arms. Alian was a robber, who aloaJidoned his profession to cast his lot with the exiled king and became one of his chief counselors. Alian furni shes a good port of the humor, which relieves the strain of many fights. (E_ P. Dutton & Co.) �Po.etry To the Ideal By Dr. John Dequer I love you in pain and in sorrow, I love you in weakness and might, I love you in evening and morrow, I love you through darkness and light; For my love from the heart, like a fountain, Flows in perpetual streams; My lovl! is as vast as the mountains, For you, the source of my drealns. As the clover the bee calls For me, your eyes gleam with a fire That fills all the heavens with song; For your voice doth ambition inspire, To build beauty from a strife-sick throngFor those who are weary and laden, For those who are seeking the rest. Fulfillment of promise of Aiden I find, when asleep on your breast. The keystone to all of my arches, As in either your heart or your face; In the music of soul-stirring marches, In the swirl and jam of life's race, I hold you, the crown of my power, The hope and the joy of the strife; You're my shield, my sword and my towerThe pulse and strength of my life. And I build, and teach and grow stronger, When I think of the soul I adore; And I wish that the sun would shine longer, And the darkness of night I deplore. For my spirit soars high like a larkA lark whose heart-throbs are song; When I see you smile from your pillow, I feel that in weakness I'm strong. I may win or lose in the striving, I may fail and rise up again; I may sink, and the billows, fast driving, May strand me with heartache and pain: But no matter what fate may befall me, As long as your hand, from the shore, Will beckon sweetly, and call me, I will live for the soul I adore. to labor, · As the spring calls the bird to its nest, As atoms call to their neighbors, As play calls the child to its rest: Your· life calls my spirit to motion, Like a mighty, redeeming machine; You're my prayer, my song, my devotion, My Saint, my God and my dream. A Workingman's Soliloquy I am the blind giant. I am a part of the incomprehensible mind of the universe. I am the man who first conceived the plow. My hands fashioned its rude shear of wood and with it turned the soil. I raise the grain that feeds the armies of the world. And I walk to and fro throughout the land seeking a master. The Master rubs the Lamp. I build factories and mills and palaces for him. My children toil and sweat in his service; we live in a hut. I delve deep in the earth and mine the coal and iron that give mankind dominion over brutes. I build roads of stone and steel, and bridge the torrents and chasms that divide the mountains. I build great ships and sail them o'er the , seas, then bring them safely into port laden with treasure and meekly lay it at the master's feet. Without my loyalty to mastership, ignorance and poverty would vanish from the earth. And still I feel the goad Of human needs and bend beneath my load. The master rubs the Ring. I fight the battles of th~ king. At hi'$ command, I wound and slay my fellow worker without cause. By C I i n t o n B a n c r o f t I dive beneath the waters of the :oea to sink and destroy that which I have built. From the clouds above, I hurl thunderbolts of fire and death upon the children of the land for hire. Sated with scenes of carnage· and suffering the torment& of the damned, I envy the felon his prison life and easy death. I am a creature who feels Upon his neck the crush of iron heels. The zephyr is my pathway to the skies; I ride among the clouds and mount above the storm. The fabled powers of jove .are mine; in my handr-Oeath, to dispense, to withhold. The lightning is my ,.91essenger. I speak across continents and seas with tongue of fire and heJald the Pentecost of war. Listen! a message to you, 0 Fellow Workingman: "Thy brother's blood crieth unto me from the ground." Listen! a mes~age . to you, 0 IGng: ''Thou shalt not kill!" And above the awful raging of the storm of war and battle, I hear a voice saying: "Peace, be still."-'Tis my soul, crying peace! And when I speak the word, war shall forever ceue. The scales are falling from my eyes; I think I see a light arise. �The Western Comrade Page twenty-two member of the Assembly than those same Democrats. Again, 7,097 voters of various faiths combined to elect one Assembly. man, but 56,751 Socialists got no representation. How fitting a symbol it is of the love of the God '?f the When we turn to Congressmen we find that the Progressives Universe! For it lifts our hearts above the mundamty of get a rough deal, for 3'1,181 of them are denied a voice and earth to a plane where we sense a kinshi'p with the lnfinit~. vote at Washington, while only 30,042 Democrats with a This star typifies arl ,the greatness of ~ature for us, . and m sprinkling of Socialists elect one member. Republicans, Demloving this one star, we also love the mtangtble, elustve, yet ocrats ·and Progressives to the number of 58,826 elect a Representa#ve, but 60,797 Socialists remain unrepresented. all-pervading God of Life. Comparatively speaking both Republicans and Democrats sufTHE FLAME OF THE VESTALS. fer from an utterly illogical combination in National politics You remember how in ages past the Romans kept burning . of Republicaas and Democrats, for 109,992 Republican Demoin the temple of Vesta a fire ·that w_as never ~!lowed to d~e. crats elect two Congressmen, while nearly twice as many It was fed by maidens. and if they vtolated thetr vows of VIr- straight- Democrats elect only three, ·and nearly three times as ginity, never again might they tend the sacred flame .. Eve~ many straight Republicans elect only four Representatives. true Roman worshipped at the altar of Vesta, who typtfied m The figures which I have cited show conclusively that under a larger sense the union of the nation. And every Roman knew the district system there is no certain relation ' between votes that the sacred flame was ever burning, although he did not and representation. The fact as to whether the majority rules constantly make the offering before the temi_Jle. or not is left to the utterly hap-hazard grouping of the numI like to think of such a fire as representing the love of erous districts. As a matter of fact in many instances the friendship-the REAL friendship that lasts, that never wav~rs minority controls the legislature and the majority is left imin constancy. Only he whose life is pure can hope to ~ecetve potent. The actual weight of any vote is a matter of purest from service at friendship's shrine the helpful mental stimulus, chance. Unjust, inequitable, misrepresentative, the district the understanding sympathy, the warm love and exaltation of system of election must go. spirit; and only he who will sacrifice can reach the heights to which these experiences can take him. How dear to friends is the thought that though they may not always bring offerings to the altar and be worshipping with a (Continued from page 7) heart as humble as the bended ' knee, the sacred flame of friendship is burning still the same, fed by the purity,. the once, and as a result, one of the most artistic affairs m the loyalty, and the sincerity of the lives of those who mmtster history of Llano was consummated. unto it. The Assembly Hall was arranged to represent a church. An THE FIRE OF LIFE aisle was arranged from the double doors down to the platWhen the Infinite b~eathed into us the fire of life, we were form where the ceremony was performed, and prettily enclosed given a spark of the fires of loves, as well as the beginnings by white ribbons running on white posts ornamented-with pink of hatred and strife. Our whole being, then, w~th its activities, roses and 'greenery. The aisle was outlined overhead with is a blend of the various fires of life. If we develop our wedding bells, decorated with roses and pink ribbons and bodies, o~r minds, our spirits with conscientious care, a nd ending with a large bell of the same description. The electric keep timn so unified as to evolve for us the highest efficiency lights were veiled in pink and white. Carna.tions a nd sweet for the use of our~elves and humanity, our lives will be living peas abounded on the walls and ceiling. fires of love. The wedding ceremony was perfomed by Rev. Louis A. Pier and was an impressive ring service, the charm and loveliness And so, can not we who see and feel the beauty of these of which is Jiflicult to describe. fires of loves, tzy to make our lives as bright, as beautiful, The orchestra played the celebrated Lohengrin wedd:ng as pure as the fiery flames and the love they symbolize? march as the wedding procession marched slowly up the aisle. When the ceremony was over a reception was held at which refreshments were served. My object in repeating the description of the weddmg is (Continued from page 9) to point out some of the advantages of a co-operative community. Had this event with its delightful arrangements, its Democrats, polling 54242 votes, however, elected twice as beautiful decorations, and its impressive music by a twelvemany, i. e., four when they were entitled to only three. A piece orchestra, been held in any other city or village, it would little combination of Democrats, Progressives and a few Social- not have cost less than $500. The cost here was insignificant. ists, numbering only 7,944 elected one Senator; but neither The services of those engaged in making the ceremony the 19,053 Democrats and Progressives nor 19250 straight Social- success it was, was en:tirely gratuitous and gladly given. ists could get any Senatorial representation whatever. Llano 'is three years old. It has a record of achievement. In the Assembly the unjust district system fairly outdid Many will come and some will go, but always many more itself in disfranchizing Democrats. 224,476 Democratic voters will come than those that will go. Those who stay, overlooksucceeded in electing only nine Assemblymen when proportion- ing for the time the few ofttimes annoying inconveniences, ally tJtey should have had twenty-two. A combination of will be the inheritors of the labors of those who have con39,694 Republicans and Democrats, less than one-fifth the tributed to make Llano what it is today and is going to be in number of straight Democrats, elected only one less Assembly- the future. man, eight as against nine. Another combination of RepubliLlano, with its industrial and psychological problems, is a cans Democrats and Progressives, comprising 69,956, elected mecca to which thousands will come and from which will be I 0 Assemblymen. That is, a group less than one-third as strong marked the program .t hat pointed the way out of the numerically as the straight Democrats, elected one more wilderness. Fires of Love (Continued from page 15) Llano Getting on the Map Unfair District Representation �Page twenty-three The Weotern Comrade This Man Won a Membership in the Llano Colony by Securing Subscriptions to the LLANO PUBLICATIONS I Here are some Winners in the First $2000 Grand Membership Circulation Contest I I EWALD SANDNER, Illinois, won the Membership in the Llano del Rio Colony. II Others who won Llano stock in the contest are: ERNEST BODEN, Canada. CHRIST COJANUS, Illinois. WALTER ELLMAN, New York. GEORGE TRUST, Washington. I EWALD SANDNER lives in Illinois. · He worked industriously in the First Grand Membership Circulation Contest and soon ob tained the lead, which he retained The SECOND Grand Membership Circulation Contest is now on. Most of those who won premiums in the first contest won them with absurdly low numbers of subscriptions turned in. contest. Enter at once and win in the new Join Our New ConteSt Now Llano Publications Contest Department - - - Llano, Calif. throu ghout th e entire contest. ~==============~= -= - ~=--==================================~· YOU CAN BUY THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS IN SAN FRANCISCO at the People's Library, 2079 Sutter street, and at 1350 Fillmore street. Reduced Freight Rates on Shipments of Household Goods from nil Eastern points to California Members of tbe Llano del Rio Colony will lind it especially advantageous to make their shipmenb tllrouci. the .J UDS0 N Freight Forwarding Co. 443 \]arquette 640 Old South Boatmen's Bank 855 Monadnock bldg, bldg, bldg, bldg, Chicago; 324 Whitehall bldg, New York; Boston; 435 Oliver bldg, Pittsburg; I 537 St. Louis; 518 Central bldg, Los Angeles; San Francisco. WRITI: NEAREST OFFICE. What Are You Good For? Did you ever try to find out? Are you employed at work for which you are best 6tted? Do you KNOW or are you GUESSING? Your children-- what will you advise them to do? The science of Character Analysis will answer the 'luestions you have asked yourself. It is not fortune telling. It is not guesa work. It tells you what you are fitted for and gives you the reasons. It tells you why you have not succeded in what you have attempted and will show you In which lines you can hope to succeed. An analysis of yourself will cost you something and it is worth many time• what it costs; but information about it-that is free. . juot write: "Send me free information about Character Analysis and Vocational Fitness." Write your name and address very plainly. Send it to: P. 0. Box 153, Llano, California Llano Job Printing CLASSIFIED ADS Rates: 2Sc a line for one insertion; ISc a line ti.ereafter. to the line. Advertisinc payable in advance. Twelve words "THE NEW EARTH." Ocean beds become vast fertile plaina. Earth watered from within; even deserts bloom. Deductions soliclly baaed upon divine laws. Fifty cents, no stamps. Cross Publishing House, Nuevitas, Cuba. JJA FOR SALE.-BREEDING RABBITS. BELGIANS, NEW ZEALANDS, . AND Flemish Giants. We can supply all •Kes up to eight months. For further iaformation addreu Raabit Oeparlment, Llano del Rie Coloay, Uaae, Cal. The Llano del Rio Printing and Publishing Department is now equipped to handle job printing. Cards, lea8ets, booklets, stationery, etc., will be hanclled in a satisfactory manner, and at prices which will compare more than favorably with those found elsewhere. All work will be given the union label unless otherwise requested. Every employee is a Socialist and a union man. The Llano Publications, Llano, California. �.. Walter· Thomas-Mills I~ Now Associated with the Llano del Rio Colony Comrade Mills is known .to every Socialist and radi'cal in the United States, and is also widely known in Canada, "Great Britain, New Zealand, and Australia. He ha~ been an active worker for many years as a speaker and writer. He has been identified with co-operative effor~s of vari'eus kinds. After watching the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony for .three ·years, studying it closely, a nd realizing the certainty of its success he has identified himself with it as BEING THE LIVEST AND MOST CONSTRUCTIVE PHASE OF THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT IN THC UNITED STATES TODAY. 1'hi> is what he says : "For Every Job in The United States Someone Has Invested, in Something, $10,000 This is the ave::.rage cost of a job in this coun:try. But if you buy YO!IT own job even at this price you would escape exploitation only at one point. You would still be robbed everywhere else just the same. "You can own your job at Llano, Los Angeles county, California, in the most productive county in America, have you own house with the best oi schools, free medical aid and hospital care, with the best social life, and so become your own employer, have for you.-self your total products with a million dollar workinr, plant co-operatively manned ar.d managed, covering twenty lines of industry, and so escape exploitation at twenty points instead of one and that where no boss or trm· can rob you of the means of life." Comrade Mills is going to lecture on " Co-operation in Action" with pa rticular reference to the Llano Colony. The Western Comrade Will carry a ~-eading Article Each Month from the pen of Comrade Mills. Watch a!so for the E DITORI ALS BY JOB HARRIMAN 3 TORIES ON THE LLANO COL!)NY l-:' IRST-HAND CO-OPERATIVE Nf.WS And Many Other Instructive Features The Second Grand Membership Circulation Contc~t Is Now On----Earn a Membership THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS ARE FOREMOST IN TEACHING SOCIALISM--HELP GET SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THEM NOW! Write at Once for further Information: Contest Department- The Llano Publications, Llano, California � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-08 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-08 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v05n04_191708 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-01 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v05n04 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 24 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. What Next? by Walter Thomas Hill Inspiring Editorials by Job Harriman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/010f8b586b811dba270dfd18b4d9fad4.pdf 8842b8638fe77593fafa03c728636a11 PDF Text Text c- - ~- 1 .,I - Price 1 Oc I man onstructive Editorials Llano-Community of Progress______ By Robert K. Williams. Quo Vadis?... .......... ~............. .................. ,.................. 9 By Dr. John Dequer. The Play House (Fictiw) ............................................ ! 0 By Helen F ranees Easley. The Co-operative Movement in Great Britain .............. l2 By George Grazier. Was Schmidt Guilty? .................................................... l5 Third Installment of Jab Harriman's Address to the Jury. fhe Socialist Party-Where Is It?... ............................. ! i M. M. Discusses Recent Phases. News and Views in Agriculture ...................................... IS Co-operation the World Over. ....................................... 19 What Thinkers Think ....................................................20 Reviews of Recent Readable Books... ...........................21 '\ ' By D. Bobspa. / �·/ The Gateway To F'r eedom Through Co-operative Action T HE LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE C-O[.ONY is located in the beautiful Antelope Valley, in the northeastern part of Los Angeleo County, Southern California. This plain lies between the San Gabriel spur of the Sierra Madres on the south and the Tehachapi range on the north. The Colony is on the north slope of the San Gabriel range. It is almost midway between Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific, and Victorville, on the Santa Fe railroad. The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony is made up of pee-sons who believe in the application of the principles of co-operation to the wides t possible extent. Virtually all of the residents are Socialists. It is a practical and convincing answer to those who have scoffed at Socialist principles. who have said that "it won't work," who have urged many fallacious arguments. In the three years since it was es tablished, the Colony has demonstrated thoroughly the soundness of its plan of operation and its theory. Today it is stronger than ever before in its history. GENERAL INFORMATION The Llano del Rio Colony is the greatest Community enterprise ever attempted. It was founded by Job Harriman, May !st. 1914, and is solving the problem of disemployment and business failure . It offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and thei r families. An abundance of clea r, sparkling water coming from mountain sp rings is sufficien t to irriga te thousands o f fertile acres. The climate is mild and delightful. the soil is fertile, and markets are not far distant. The Llano del Rio Colony is a horticultural, agricultural, and stock-raising enterprise, with such manufacturing as will supply the needs of the colonists. with perhaps something to sell when the Colony has ~rown. It is a perfect example of Co-operation in Action. No community organized as it is. was ever established before. The purpose is to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employment for the workers; to assure safety and comfort ' for the future and for old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best schools; and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competiti ve world. It has more than 800 residents, makin:: it the largest town in the Antelope Valley. More than 200 children attend the schools. Part of the children get meals at the school; some live at the Industrial school all the time. The Montesso ri school is in operation, taking the children from 2!/z to 6 years of age. A new school buiiding is soon to be built on the new townsite. The County school and the Colony Industrial schools are both in operation. The Colony owns a fine herd of 125 Jersey and Holstein cattle, 100 head of young stock are on the range, being heifers and calves up to 2 years of age. Over I 00 head of horses and mules, including colts, are owned by the Colony. These, with the tractors and caterpillar engine, four trucks, and numerous autos, do the hauling and the work on the land. A recent purchase of Duroc-Jersey sows gives the Colony thirtyeight registered high-class breeding sows and two splendid boars, the nucleus of a great development along this line. Many new pens have been built. Registration will be kept up and the raising of fine hogs made one of the leading industries. There are also some fine Berkshires, and a large number of grade sows. Much nursery stock has been planted, a vineyard of 40 acres put out, and many fruit trees set this spring. The Colony has more than 400 acres of orchards. Community gardening is successful. and an increased acreage will be put in each year. The ideal is to farm on an extensive scale, using· all manner of efficient labor saving machinery and · thods, with expert and experienced men in charge of the di erent departments. Llano possesses more than 668 stands of bees. They are cared for by expert bee men of long experience. This department expects to have several thousand stands in a few yean. The Colony has secured timber from the' San Gabriel Reserve, and' has a well equipped sawmill. Lumber worth $35 to $40 a thousand costs the Colony only a few dollars a thousand. Social life is delightful, baseball and football teams, dances, picnics, swimming, hunting, camping, all being popular. A band, several orchestras, a dramatic club, and other organizations assist in making the social occasions enjoyable. Alfalfa .does extraordinarily well at Llano. Much has been planted and the acreage will be increased as rapidly as possible. Six good cuttings a season can be depended on. Dit~es lined with cobblestone set in Llano lime, making them permanent, conserve water and insure economy. They will be built as fast as possible. A square mile has been set aside for the new city. With the sawmill running, the lime kiln producing a very superior lime, and with sand and rock abundant and adobe brick easily manufactured, the time is near when permanent buildings will be erected on the new site. It will be a city different in design from any other in the world, with houses of a distinctively different architecture. Houses will be comfortable, sanitary, handsome, home-like, modem, and harmonious with their surroundings. and will insure greater privacy than any other houses ever constructed. signed especially for Llano. They are unique and de- LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS Among the industries of Llano, to which new ones are constantly being added, are: Printshop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, cleaning and dyeing, warehouse, machine shop, blacksmith shop, rug works, planing mill, paint shop, lime kiln, saw mill, dairy, cabinet shop, nursery, alfalfa, orchards, rabbitry, gardens, hog raising. lumbering, publishing, transportation (autos, trucks, tractors}, doctors' offices, woodyard, vinegar works, bakery, fish hatchery, barber shop, dairy goats, baths, swimming pool, studios, two hotels, drafting ro<>m, post office, commissary, camping ground, Industrial school, grammar school, Montessori school, commercial classes, library, women's exchange, two weekly dances, brass band, mandolin club, two orchestras, quartets, socialist local, jeweler. ' PLAN OF ORGANIZATION Following is the plan which has proven successful: Each shareholder agrees to buy 2.000 shares of capital stock. Each pays in cash or installments, $1 ,000. Each pays in labor, $1,000. Each receives a daily wage of $4.00, from which is deducted $1.00 for the stock he is working out. From the remainder comes his living expenses. Whatever margin he may have above deduction for stock and living expenses is credited to his individual account, payable out e f the surplus profits of the enterprise. If an installment member falls ill. is disabled or disemployed, the Colony gives him every opportunity to recover and resume payments. In RO case will he be crowded. If he finds it impossible to resume payments, we will, upon request, issue stock for the full amount he has paid. This is transferable and may be sold to his best advantage. In this we. will endeavor to assist wherever practicable. Corporations are not allowed by law to deal in their own stock. HOW TO JOIN Write today for an application blank, fill it out and send together with a remittance of $10 or more to secure your membership. You can then arrange to pay $10 a month or more until you can so adjust your affairs that you can make final payment and join your comrade• who have already borne the first brunt of pioneerinl(. Address Communications regarding membership, general information, etc.. to the Membership Department Llano del Rio Company LLANO, CALIFORNIA / �Pol iti.:al Action The Western D e .. 0 t e d t 0 t'h e ca a I e 0 f t .. e w rk e r 0 I Entered as second-clau matter November 41h, 1916, at lhe post office at Uano, California, under Act of March 3, 1879. JOB HARRIMAN PUBLISHED EAGI MOI'ffil AT ll.ANO, .CALIFORNIA. Managing Editor. ~, FRANK E. \VOLFE Editor. Subscription Rate-75c a year; Canada $1. Single Copies IOc; clubs of 4 or moro (in U. S.) 50c. Combination wilh llANO COLONIST $1. Publishers and others are invited to copy at will from the WESTERN CO IRADE, b~t are asked to give credit. Nothing copyrighted unless so stated. In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing department may be certain that the right name is being changed, - -· VOL. V. LLANO, CALIFORNIA. JULY, 1917 Editori a l s G - No.3 B y Job Harriman REAT excitement prevails everywhere over the food be shown to persons a nd not to property. It is more human situation. As time goes on the excitement will increase to save ma n than to save property. Then, too, live men will until it develops into a spasm centered in the abdominal re- produce and replace property, but property ~ill mold and gions. A food famine is as inevitable as the tomorrow is to decay without the constant help of the hand of man. come. Yet many Congressmen not only oppose conscription This war sprang out of the sordid greed of man for profits, of food, but they are opposed to a clause in the food bill which a nd it will last until the pain and the anguish of the wounded would enable the federal authorities "to find out exactly how and bleeding millions shall have smothered and buried sordid much food there is in the country, where it is ston~d. and who greed and melted men's hearts and souls with sympathy and owns it." They fear that "such powers will be destructive of love and inspir~d them with a persistent' passion for mutual individual liberty and will violate the sanctity of property." aid. This is the day of reckoning of private property. When Individual liberty and the sanctity of property have already tbe clouds of war shall have rolled away private property will been violated. In fact, there is no lon'ger any such animal as have become a thing of the past. Common property and the sanctity of property. When Congress passed the conscrip- mutual interests ·will have come as a healing balm to the tion law, by means of which two million men may be taken hearts of men, and with it the lion and the l~mb will lie down even against their will, they dealt a death blow to the sanctity together and men will dwell in peace forever. -oof private property. If men may be called contrary to their will and forced to bear arms, surely property of every kind VER.Y industry is a little monarchy. Every owner of an may and will be seized with which to feed and maintain these industry insists upon running his own business as he sees same mlln while at war. fit. He insists upon buying labor as cheap as he can, and Is it possible that members of Congress think that property is using it each day as long as he can. more sacred than human life? Or is it true that the law does These are the necessary sequences arising from private not reach their lives and that they wish also to hold on to property. Competition all but compels the enforcement of their property? Some are suggesting that the merchant should these rules. Everything tends to induce them, and to support only make a . reasonable profit. Why a profit at all? Are the the owner in their enforcement. poor soldiers, whose lives are being taken·, getting a reasonable The owner of the poorly equipped and less efficient indwtry profit? Are they getting anything? is compelled by necessity to enforce these rules, while the Is it not time that a d&ad level be struck? Shall we not · owners of more efficient factories are induced to enforce them treat man as man and nothing more? Is life dearer to the by the enormous accruing profits. ma n who has property than to him who has none? If there These owners, possessed of economic power, play such a is a ny difference in the anxiety of the rich and the poor, it is part in the elections that they succeed in electing men of their not due to the sanctity of their lives, but in the "sanctity" of own views to the Legislature. These legislators enact these their property. He who believes in the sanc.tity of property, rules into laws, and thus the s:tate or government becomes a be'n:g the owner, should go ~o the front and defend the sanctity composite of the little monarchies. of property by the strength af his ri arm. Why -should he Militarism is, therefore, the child of p rivate property., an..d be permitted to stay home ancl hide, cowardlike, behind his has all the vitality .o f the i.ndu.strie5 that -exist under its $Way, property? It is in tihe industries that lies the secr,e t of the trememlou$ The q uestion of the hol!r is a question of service. This will vitality of the German and Eng·lish imperialism and the·un.dab1e continue to be th·e question a:s long a:s war lasts.. Property and low vitality -of Russian imperia:tism. and per:son wall ibe :se~2!ed. u any favor is :shown, iit should GermalJ[y. 'Engiand and F ranee are in.dus:trially devel~ E .the �Page four Editorial to high efficiency. Russia's industrial development is in its infancy. Their resj}ective imperialistic vitah'ty is measured • accordingly. With her 200,000,000 people her militarism does not compare in vitality even with that of France. Give her fifty years of individualistic development and she will sweep over Europe . like a tidal wave. The United States possesses tremendous imperialistic vitality. Its industries are developed in many instances to the highest efficiency, yet one fatal weakness will develop in our European campaign. It seems to have escaped the attention of those directing our forces. Surely, if they had considered it they would have paused longer. They forget that the field of battle is three thousand miles from our seat of supplies and the ocean is swarming with submarines. True, our necessities will compel a much higher and more efficient form of industrial and agricultural organization, but, however efficient it may become, it cannot, in our opinion, overcome this enormous handicap. The distance is too great. Far wiser were we if we should tell England to draw upon her colonies for reinforcements, and tell Russia to pour in her men while we organize a mechanical and agricultural drive and thereby furnished food for them all. It is to be feared that the terrible slaughter that must take place along the trenches, accompanied by an enormous loss of life that is almost altogether unavoidable, by the submarines sinking our transports, may result in an uncontrollable reaction as soon as a food shortage develops. Were the course suggested above followed, there could be no shortage of food, and hence no reaction. T HE position of the Socialists regarding the war is generally misunderstood. The fact that Socialists are opposed to this war is immediately construed to mean that they are proGerman and are opposed to assisting the Allies. This construction is made by some Socialists who have been prominent in our movement as writers, but whose judgment has never been taken seriously by the party. Charles Edward Russell, who was strongly in favor of the Syndicalist school in 1912, now leaves that school, the most radical anti-war faction of our party, and goes off almost alone into a pro-Ally ·war campaign·. There are several others of the same type. They will not have a following either of their former factional associates nor of the more constructive fa.;tion of the party. The real reason why the Socialist party is opposed to this war lies in these facts: I. That they look upon this as a war between the powers for the domination of the world's commerce. In that they f~el that they have no interest. !'r;re is, however, diversity of opinion on this point. They all o pose imperialism, believing that imperialism arises out of capitalist institutions, or at least out of private control of economic conditions. 2. The Socialists of the world have met in international con- The Western Comrade ventions for years; they look upon each other as comrades in the same cause; they are bound together. by a common literature, a common interest, a common feeling of real friendship and brotherhood such as is known only among the oppressed, and the thought of going to war and shooting each other is unbearable. If there is an or2anization on earth that ~;hould be regarded as conscientious objectors, it is the Socialists of the world. All national lines are to them merely geographical lines. Their brothers in Russia, or Germany, or France, or Austria, or Italy, are as dear to them as their brothers in New York, or Massachusetts, or Illinois, or California. They are separated only by geographical lines. Our race prejudices have long since perished. In the light of this fact, and of the further fact that we have always fought brute force as a means of building society (but have always advocated brotherhood and peace), ca~ the late Peace Conference be understood. Every international Socialist should be exempt from international military duty. He has a far deeper feeling and, if forced to military duty, would suffer greater pangs of grief and conscience than any religious sect on earth. -o-- How strenuously all of the papers are engaged in dodging the inevitable! But, dodge as you will, the hour has come and you must pay the price of your wrongdoing. You are trying to eat your cake and keep it. Before you are through you will find it an impossible task. Eat it you mustbut keep it you must not. You wanted the war that you might make money out of it; but, alas! you have the war, and its necessities will consume both your money and your privilege of making money. Come, capitalist neighbor, let us reason together. This is your government, isn't it? You have made the laws, haven't you? You are satisfied with the government's defense of your property, aren't you? You are making money out of the high prices of everything, aren't you? Now, when the government called for soldiers, they did not volunteer. The government believed conscription was necessary, and so did you, didn't you? And conscription became law. The government needed money to carry on the war, didn't it? It issued bonds and offered them for sale, and you approved cf it, didn't you? It wanted money for two purposes : First-To pay the men and to loan money to the Allies. Second-To buy munitions and food. Again you thought this was right, and again you approved, didn't you? Now hold your breath. Your cake is going. The government will conscript the money you have made while prices were high. You will not buy bonds with it. You think the Allies are bankrupt, don't you? You are afraid to buy bonds, aren't you? You are afraid your own government will hecome �The Western Comrade Editorial bankrupt in its effort to finance the Allies, aren't you? That ts the reason you will not buy bonds, isn't it? That is precisely the reason why the government will be compelled to conscript your money, isn't it? If this war is right, conscription of your money is right. isn't it? But this is not all. Prices are soaring ~o high that the producers and gamblers in merchandise and food are consuming all the money that the government is getting for the bonds it sells. Hence it will have no money, if this continues, with which to buy food, or pay soldiers, or loan to the Allies. But if the government fixes prices the farmers and others will quit producing, won't they? You would not blame them for quitting if there is no money in it, would you? But what is the governm~nt to do? It must have money to pay men, and good cheap food to feed them and the Allies, and money to buy munitions, and money to loan to the Allies. What must she do now? She will be compelled to conscript the food, and the resources, and the men to operate the resources, won't she? Your money will be conscripted, won't it? Your privilege of getting money by producing or by selling merchandise for more than it cost will be taken from you, won't it? And that is right if the war is right, isn't it? Now hold your breath. That is State Socialism. Before you would surrender to it, you required millions of men to be murdered in the trenches. Do you not see that your greed has led to the most terrible crime of all the ages? And will you still cling to your money and force the war to continue? This war will not end until capitalism is consumed by the all-absorbing forces of this war, and the hearts of men are melted like shot in this terrible crucible and merged in brotherly love. · IN TIMES of war the feelings and forces that make for peace are all but forgotten. Those who are involved ~n wars, and especially those who are directing the military force, become lost and so absorbed by the surging power of which they are a part that all opposing ideas and forces seem to them to be wrong. They become the more convinced that the opposition is wrong because, temporarily, .they have the power to crush or overcome it. They forget that the desire for peace is an abiding and persistent urge. The more opposition there is to peace and to peaceful measures, the more peace is desired. The finest mental and heart forces of the world are for peace. They stand on the brink of the trenches, the tomb of six million men, and cry with unutterable anguish: "Is it not enough?" "Are we fiends incarnate?" "Are we maniacs indeed?" "Is there no love left in our hearts?' With a deaf ·ear, the commanding powers moves millions of men in a constant stream to the brink, and pushes them over into the slaughter and to death. Once, could be forgiven; but what is to be said of those who force the .butchery of m~n. day after day, week after week, month in and month out, year after year, and Paze ~ve still cry for more blood, more arms, more men to bleed and die? And shall we be blamed for demanding that our government lay down its arms? Do we hear them say there is no escape? That they must fight? That coJ;tditions have forced, and are still forcing, the issue? True it is, that this war is the result of the economic conditions prevailing in the world. And have the powers, at this late hour, just come to realize this terrible fact? Realizing it, are they still blind? Do they hope to lind safety in implements of war, in the grip of men whose hearts are inspired by greed, hatred and revenge? Peace and safety are not found there. · ' Rifles, cannon and swords are evidences of danger, and not of safety. Backed by revenge, hatred and ambition, the implements of war have become a world menace. They will destroy the institutions from which they sprang, or the energies of the race will be exhausted and man will relapse into another dark age. The foundations of peace must be laid in economic institutions. We cannot light each other in our every-day business life and at the same time learn to love each other. The fruits of contention and conflict are hatreds. The fruits of victory are ambition for greater · victory and greed for greater gain. The victor and the vanquished are always enemies, whether that victory be in the industrial or military battlefield. A century of struggling in the commercial and industrial battlefields has hardened the hearts of men and prepared them for the more acute and horrible world conflict. The war will not end until the elements of war shall have passed away. The hour of transformation is at hand. The overwhelming needs of the world will force the amalgamation of all industries under social control. The conflict between individuals in the business world will end. Man will unite in a common struggle to save the race. The love of each for his own family will enlarge into a love for the race, and in the heart of love will safety and peace lind an everlasting dwelling place. T YRE and Sidon, Babylon and Egypt, the Caesars, the Charlemagoes, "the Napoleons and Cromwells: have had military power sufficient to have made their governments immortal, if force could do it. But always there is in brute force the germs of death. Russian imperialism has forced its tomb. German imperialism has aroused the antagonism of the world and will soon go down. The brutal imperialism of England, of Italy, of Turkey, of all the world, has aroused the antagonism of the people of the world and must go down. The European trenches are the tombs of imperialism. In them will every crown and scepter be buried. Over the trenches the world's heart will bleed with sorrow. It will bathe its lost ones in tears. It will visit the sentence of death on force as a rule of life. It will tell men to recompense evil with good. It will teach the children of the world to love one another and so fulfill the law. �Page six About Ll&ao The Western Comrade · Llano· Community of Progress NUSUAL weather the nation over, and, it is said, the world over, an unprecedented late spring has delayed 1 crops more than two months in Llano. At this time last year the alfalfa had been cut twice; this year but once. However, a greater acreage is in this year, which will more than compensate for the lack of crop at the first cutting. Garden truck is behind hand, and the climate has not ~- een at all up to standard. It has been cold and disagreeable in many ways. Reports from various parts of the country say that weather vagaries are general. So Llano is no exception, but must receive the good and bad with the rest of the world. Progress, however, may be reported in the garden and field, and everything points to a good crop for this year's canning, both of vegetables and fruits. It is now beginning to get warm in the valley and evidence of new vegetation is springing up on every hand. The great valley is a mass of flowering plants and the ground is really carli'eted with varicolored flowers. Bees are busy and it will not be long before a new and greater crop of honey will be harvested. The bee industry in the Antelope Valley offers many attractions for the bee man, as the flower season is longer than is genera lly found in other parts of the country. Visitors are coming more freely than ever to Llano. Indeed, few days pass that' do not bring interested and curious people to Llano. Llano has much to offer, but it is a fact that she has not enough to offer. One of the reasons that Llano has not grown faster from a farming and industrial point of view is due to the fact that people come· so very fast. People come faster than houses and places can be built. The war, instead of stopping the influx of people, will doubtless make it greater. Conditions are becoming so on the "outside" that living is growing ha rder and ha rder. and Llano offers about the only place of refuge and safety in the country. Most people who come are willing and anxious to put up with any sort of housing to secure the opportunity of staying away from the turmoil of comp€:titive strife that is found on the outside. It is a curious thing that, notwithstanding small and inadequa te housing for over two years, a place has been found for every one who was willing to put up with the neces. . sary mconvemences. However, things are getting better. The road to the timber land is almost finished. Hauling actually could be done over it now, and there remains but sending the tractor after the logs to start the mill ' sawing. When the hum and buzz of the sawmill is heard new hopes and aspiratioRs will fill the hearts of every one. Vexatious delays have occurred in the construction of the road, and minor accidents stopped, for the time. the work of going ahead. For instance, work on the road was stopped for more than two weeks by the delay in the arrival of a st-ark-arrester which the government insisted must be put on the tractor before it could be put to work. It is ery hard to count on things. When an institution such as Llano is growing and the diversion of labor i·s so constant, promises cannot alway:S be kept. It has been remarked often that some people here make promises and then don't keep them. That is perfectly true. Conditions, as has been said, control Llano. When one goes on an auto trip promises go for nothing. Accidents too frequently occur. and ----1 U! I '1 By Robert K. Williams to say definitely when one shall be at a certain place under such conditions is practically impossible. The finishing of the log road and the starting of the sawmill has been expected and promised from time to time. Accidents and unusual delays occuri~d and set back the operations. These things are not within control. It would be perfectly easy to make promises and keep them if conditions were standardized. This condition obtains, as well as the other one of families arriving with household goods, demanding homes and a place to store the furniture. We run a hotel and a warehousing and a housebuilding department. The question is still asked when we shall begin work on the upper townsite. No one can definitely answer tha.t. Promises are good, of course, for an early beginning. It would seem all possible urge is behind it. There are a half-dozen good reasons why we should move from this townsite to the one on the slope above. Our intentions are good, and yet there seems something just across the horizon of unaccountable things that prevents us from going ahead. However, we Another View of Scenery Close to Llano. believe that it is a question of lumber as much as anything else why the work has not been started. A few Sundays ago some of the men and women of the printing and publishing department went to the old brick yard and made a few large adobe brick as a matter of experiment. Up to the present these bricks seem to be standing the weather all right. If the brick are a success, it was the intention to start the print shop first and finish that, and then the homes of those who work in that department on the new townsite. Adobe brick 6x 12x 18 inches seem to fill the bill in point of size and can be made quickly, using the old method of mtxmg. ·However, there is nothing absolutely definite about this plan. Many changes may occur. When the newcomer drives over the upper townsite he is inspired with the view. For this if for no other reason the town should be moved. Hills off in the blue haze loom large and grand to the north, east and west. Small hummocks miles and miles away break the monotony of the great valley. �The Western Comrade Page seven Abont Llaao Desert land has a peculiar fascination for most people. Some like the mountains and the majestic grandeur, but the desert has a mysteriousness that cannot lurk on a mountain crag. Light and shade changing, ever changing\ lend a charm beyond expression and has to be viewed to be recognized and appreciated. Desert men come back again arid again to the magnitudes where solitude lends the allurement. An Easterner for the first time sees little in Western plains, covered with nothing but sage, cactus and wild flowers. However, after a study of these plans is begun and the aroma of their foliage sinks into the blood they are lost to the old ties of the East. Some of the worst detractors of the West often stay to become its best boosters. It is surprising how little general knowledge obtains in regard to California valleys. The great valieys seem to be different to every person, and it is seldom one finds that the distant impres~ion is correct. One man from New York was surprised and disgusted to find "nothing but sand and sage more than 1,600 miles east of Los Angeles." He had forgotten his geography and allowed his feelings to talk. The Colony is doing ma ny things, and at all times keeping in mind the one idea, that of getting a living. Work on the ranch, tilling the soil and growing things, is uppermost in the minds of those having in charge this important work. Urgent demand come from all sources to increase the output of there are a vast crowd of poor people in the nation and jobs are quickly snapped up. Freedom at Llano is a real thing. thralldom of bills, which is a nightmare to every salaried man or a man working for wages, is not a factor at all in Llano. We get what we need from the commissary, or else: eat at the hotel, and when the month rolls round nothing bu;t a statement, showing credits usually, is received by the worker. Credits, such as we work for, have a real value. They connect directly with the stomach. You cannot come into the hotel and eat unless you possess a ticket. The ticket is as good as any twenty-five-cent piece. This one fact alone is a fine argument against the necessity of money, though it is the reigning thing, and we must not change the system too abruptly. We must grow into it. The commissary is growing and expanding in a way that will make for the betterment of that department. It is true, everything cannot be kept there. We haven't got the money to lay in a big supply of this and that. We must keep such supplies <.s are demanded by the average. This we try to do. The commissary department is always busy thinking out methods to improve the condition of the shelves. The question has been asked why people leave Llano and go to other parts and go to work. There are, of course, many reasons, but the most po'tent, in my mind, is the lack of a few The I. In the Cabinet Shop. 2. In the Mill Yard. 3. The Tin Shop. vegetables and wheat. Recently a comrade arrived from Arizona. He was refused beans at a grocery store unless he would plant them. This demand for more food, while seemingly an old-time trick, cannot help but make for ultimate solution of the age-old question. When the little gardener finds it easy to raise stuff with a little help, he will soon see that it would be much easier to raise and consume with much more help. Llano, through its co-operative efforts, offers to the willing worker such an opportunity, and a growing army of practical co-operators is beginning to learn about it. When a newcomer is asked how he learned about Llano he usually mentions some paper or book or one of our publications. This shows that the printed page is reaching farther and farther, and it is only a matter of time until a great host will be acquainted with Llano and its efforts to secure economic freedom. It has been mentioned that the war condition will bring people to us. Personally I believe this to be true. Evidence shows, since it wa~ definitely known that the United States was going into war. hat a new impetus was given to inquirers and the arrival of families. Economic conditions will doubtless continue to grow more and more embarrassing, so that the common man and woman will have great difficulty in even existing. Of course, it is recognized that many industries will be operated more than ever, but 4. View in Machine Shop. ready dollars with which to buy some of the commoner of little luxuries and things they are accustomed to. We are not self-supporting, and it will be some time before we are. Until we make it from the land, through live stock, or industries, or some method of financing not yet adopted, we must deny our~elves luxuries. Of course, those that are contemplating coming a nd have read of us for a long time know the conditions obtaining and are striving to accumulate sufficient to pay their way in and still have something left over. I would like to see every new member comfortably provided for. A few extra dollars in Llano goes farther than anywhere you ever saw. We carry the ordinary things, but are not rich enough and old enough to carry a big line of merchandise. When the time comes that the Colony can pay some of its wages in cash, there will be a happy crowd in Llano. I heard a crowd dreaming about the time when the Colony would be self-supporting and every one had cash in his pockets to spend. The consensus of opinion was th1.1t, while they themselves did not want the cash, they thought it would make for content and happiness should it be known that every one could get cash when he' wanted it; which reminded me of the story of the old man who thought he would draw his money from the bank,. fearing it was unsafe. When the teller handed it over, the old fellow shoved it back and said: • �... • Page eight About Llaao "Oh, you still have it.'' Oftenti'mes a knowledge of the possession of a thing is sufficient to make one content. The nights in the high mountains are still cold. The snow has melted slowly. A little later in the season much more water will flow. In the meantime work on the tunnel i's progressing. Considerably more water has been secured by openmg up the old tunnel. The work of crossing the creek on or near bedrock will be pursued. Arrangements to allow the Big Rock to flow down the 3,000-foot tunnel are made, and when this is actually done a great deal of seepage will be avoided and thus saved. At the mouth of the tunnel a new ditch has been dug, and, being straighter, will, when cobbled, conserve and bring to the land more and better water. The engineers and all those interested in this phase of the development of the ranch are sanguine over the water improvement. It is too early to speak of preparations for fall food conservation, but it may be remarked in passing that a great The Western Comrade In last month's story of the May Day celebration an oversight occurred in my story which caused me serious embarrassment and chagrin. It was no less than an account of Llano's first baby show. I herewith append a resume of the artistic affair, and beg the indulgence of sixteen mothers whose hearts were delighted with the receipt of blue ribbons for their babies. Mrs. Robert K. Williams evolveq the idea of Llano holding a baby show on that festive and historic occasion. The crowd was right for it and the setting was perfect for its holding. The mothers with babies fell in line and enjoyed the spirit of a baby show to the fullest. Assisted by Comrades Frank E. Wolfe and Mrs. Wolfe and Mrs. M. G. Buxton, arrangements were quickly made for holding the baby show in the assembly hall after the barbecue had been disposed of. Bunting tacked to posts placed in a semicircle held back the eager crowd which pushed its way to the front to view the little tots held on the laps of proud mothers or nestled a m o n g s n o w y drapery in b u g g i e s. Sixteen m o t h e r s brought their babies. Before beginning the exhibition, Comrade Wolfe. in a felicitous address, told of baby shows he had attended and judged, and said that years could not dim the joy of a mother who received a prize to show to the child when grown to manhood or womanhood. At the conclusion of his remarks, George Bowers, manager of the dairy, made a request to exhibit the latest arrival in the The Llano Dramatic Club which offers such good amusement at inten·als for the benefit of the Llano Colonists. Colony. Mrs. Williams and the others w e r e puzzled for quantity of beef and pork will be arranged for, so that the a while at the request, little dreaming what he had up his sleeve. However, they gave him glad permission to show his coming winter will not see a shortage on this score. In coming to Llano, I wish again to impress upon you the friend's baby. necessity of bringing as much of your household and personal Mr. Wolfe was assigned the duty of awarding the prize to effects as possible. All these things have been useful to you, the best baby; he, a diplomat at all times, decided that as and they will be doubly so here. Don't forget this. Also Llano babies were the best babies, the handsomest babies and bring as much of your clothing as you can. Don't despise most perfect babies, that a blue ribbon be given to each the homeliest rag. This is the time of saving, so be saving. ·mother for her baby. I would advise you to bring as many work clothes, stockings, When the hearts of the mothers were made glad by the shoes, etc., as you can . If you do this, you will be less of a receipt of a first-prize blue ribbon and the cooing infants draw upon your comrades here and, in addition, feel a greater were safely and snugly tucked away in their go-carts, imagine sense of independence. We, of course, try to supply every the surprise of the committee, and the gale of laughter and want, but it is impossible, and shortages will occur and trans- surprise, when Bowers came trudging into the hall with a po tation often fail. Don't forget. also, that dollars are good two-day-old calf pulling at his forefinger. The sturdy little everywhere, and they are good to pave when you want a bovine was not at all disturbed by the unusual noise and the luxury or two that is not carried in the commissary. peals of merriment, but followed greedily on and almost swalThe spirit of the Colony is good, a nd there is a steady lowed Bowers' hand. Proudly picking up the young Holstein determination ever prevalent of making Llano the first suc- scion in his arms, Bowers walked around the room, and his cessful colony and beating by a long time the inevitable .co- little one received fond pats and many "Oh, dear, isn't he operative commonwealth that will be born out of the world cutes:" George was as proud as a mother when a floral war struggle. ' wreath was flung around the bulging neck,of "his pet. J �... Page nme The Weslern Comrade Quo Vadis? :T ---~ HE working class argues, quibbles and fights. The capitalists plan and scheme and set the wheels ' 1 in motion. - - -' The working class speculates on, instead of experimenting with, the laws that govern man and society. They . talk loud of economic forces on which they have no grasp. The capitalist meanwhile appropriates the earth. The thinking ones among the workers revel in mental fireworks, while the capitalist rejoi<;es in material accumulation. As a rule the capitalist is not very intellectual; but he knows how to invest, a nd it is this that renders him substance, and substance gives him the power to buy the specialized brain of the workers. He pays them for their specialized work, and if they do not deliver the goods he fires them without ceremony. Hence, if you, as a worker, want to sell your brain power, you must have a brain worth buying. A marketable brain is one that has accumulated experience a nd trained functions. To acquire these means concentrated application. Concentration of thought upon the work in hand is the keynote of education. Education ~·as given to the workers on·ly because trained brains were needed in the business world. All brains, however, a re not of equa l power and capacity. There is an almost immeasurable gulf between the gibbering idiot and an intellectual giant. There is a long cry between Henry Dubb and a Shakespeare. Their brains have different capabilities, different incliuations and desires. The flaming brain is not a class product, but a freak product. It is a case where nature, in the distribution of vitality, has endowed the head with a more generous amount of cerebral acttvJty. This, more than subsequent environment, produces the leader, the manager, the capitalist. When nature overendows a single faculty we have a genius or a crank. While science has proven that acquired characteristics are not inherited by progeny, it has also proven that freaks transmit themselves persistently. The freak favorable to special environment will multiply there and become a type, a variety, and finally a distinct species, even as man is a species allied to but distinct from anthropoid apes (chiefly in his environ.nent) . Among both working and capitalist classes certain freaks are born. They are termed "idealists." They are about as well fitted for the modern competitive business world as the nether regions are for a powder house. The idealist is a being in whom the soul inclinations are ~tronger than his equistic instincts. They forget self oftentimes in their passion for the mass. They differ one ' from the other in many ways, but in this they are a unit in that they possess large social hopes and fears. The modern world has no real room for them. They are prophets in their own country. Their idea of right and wrong, weak and preserve the their soul-passion to care for a~flicted, appeal to the ears of m' ny. Hence the idealist finds h1s work on the soapbox, on th tform, in art or in literature. If he is mentally not strong enough. to reach these vocations, he will work at something else under protest, but show marked tendencies !o the aforementioned fields of activity. The idealist, be he man or woman, is a prophet of things as they, in his or her judgment, ought to be. The capitalist, on the other hand, is a master of things as they are. The idealist has ideas-mostly unsaleable. l s, John Dequer The capitalist accumulates the things that feed 'the stomach. He also seeks after and develops the talent needed to run the world's business for him. He patronizes the scientist, the inventor, the discoverer, when these worthies have demonstrated that they have something out of which the capitalist can make money. True, he will freeze them out, if he can ; that is true of the small ones, whose ideas ar~- more interesting than useful. Do not misunderstand me. I did not say that the capitalist produces anything. I say he accumulates, and at the smallest cost in time or money to him. He therefore watches each opportunity, and, as he is no sucker, he generally investigates, or sees that some one who is competent investigates, the bait before he swallows. Mrs. Capitalist often sympathizes with the poor. She is charitable to them as long as they are grateful for her smile and don't strike. The agitator often proves interesting to her. Thus we see the wild-eyed agitator, the long-haired, mooneyed, philosophical anarchist, sometimes in her company and sometimes even in her home. But you seldom hear that he has married into the family or become a partner in her husband's business. He is looked upon as a well-meaning, wholehearted, pleasantly conversational pest, who may be depended upon to say something perfectly awful, thereby adding breeze and zest to the otherwise prosy lives of. the idle ladies in the homes of the masters of industry. A few times I have been so invilled, and I am frank to say that I felt as if I were an odd-looking bedbug whom they dared not kill for fear of being personal. In spite of an occasional dinner party, however, the idealist generally dies poor. Why? The answer is simple. Life renders two types more or less distinct. These types look at life from different angles. One wants and seeks liberty, and is willing to shoulder the responsibility that liberty entails. The other type wants freedom from responsibility, and therefore has to take the slavery that such freedom entails. The capitalist sees where markets may be opened, and he buys newspaper editors, preachers and teachers, to produce a spirit needed to get that market. He therefore shoulders tr<!mendous risks in finance, while the workers, as a mass, rather fight than think. If they, as a mass, thought, there' would be no fight, no profit and no capitalists. Here the idealist shouts, "Fight is wrong; profit i~ wrong, capitalism is wrong." · . . But profit is here, fight is here, capitalism is here. What are you going to do about it? Argue; of course. This world is not run by argument. It is run by work and thought, by brawn and brain. Both are expenditures of energy, and in the competitive world men's labor power can be bought at its value, as food and clothing, and his brain power at a rate often not much higher. The thinker can turn his thought into cash and his money into comfort .and power by the system of markets. There is a great incentive to selfishness. A worker who is endowed with execu-tive brain, who brings his cerebral action upward to a high efficiency, is paid more so as to create a distinction between the workers. There is not room for all in a superintendent's office, we are told. Granted: but the room iri the really responsible places has not yet been overcrowded. The fact that the common labor market is generally congested only shows that the mass of (Continued on page 22) �Page ten Fi c ti 0 D The Play House ~EDRIC watched the. little girl crossing the lawn toward him. She must be the one his father :told him about the night before, when he had come back from his ·_ __ alternating six months, as he himself called his absence, having heard some one speak of the decree which governed the movements of his baby life. Cedric liked girls. Even if other boys did call him a sissy, a~ad even though he was seven years old and almost a man, he liked their pretty, soft dresses, their flying curls, if their hair happened to be curly, or a bobbing "Dutch cut," if that happened to be the mode of their coiffure. Of course, he wouldn't have wanted such things for himself, but for girls they were lovely; girls just couldn't be girls without them, he argued. And this new one appeared to be all that he could desire. Her eyes were veritable violets, and her hair, a somewhat frowsy mass of curls, seemed to be a nest of sunbeams. And she appeared to be younger than he- much younger. Why, she couldn't be more than six! "Hello!" she said, with a most engaging smile. "Are you the boy that lives here?" "Sometimes," he responded. "Yes! I know. I've been waiting most of two months, I think it is, for you to come home. It's been such a long time. My mother said you lived here part of the time, and somewhere else part of the time. I think it's such a funny way to live!" "I've· always lived that way," Cedric maintained, stoutly. He did not like to have the dignity of his position assailed. "And," he added, somewhat timidly, ''I like to travel." A hundred miles is, after all, quite a trip for a boy to make alone. "Oh! So do I," replied his visitor, "but I just couldn't do without either my father or my mother. The three of us go everywhere together! We are all just crazy about each other. Daddy says he has the nicest family in the whole world, and mother would just die without him, I know. Why, when he is gone just a day or so she watches for him to come back, and the minute he gets in the house he holds her close in his arms, and she pats his cheek or runs her fingers through his hair-it's curly like mine- and calls him her big boy! That sounds funny, doesn't it, because Daddy is a really man. Does your mother ever call your father a big boy?" "No," Cedric responded, slowly. "No, I've never seen my father and mother together. People call them divorced. I guess that means they don't live together, and they never love anybody 'cepting me. When I go to mother's she holds me up tight and says 'His father's mouth,' and cries on my head a little ; and when I come home father mumbles something like 'His mother's eyes more than ever,' and kisses me hard .. nd almost squeezes the breath out o' me; but that is all they ever say about each other, and they haven't anybody to love but me." "But I suppose you do have awful nice times!" Here the innate motherliness of woman was uppermost in the desire to sooth and conciliate. "Oh! yes," the boy responded, ~rightly. "Mother and I have lovely times together. We g t~ most places together, and she has the cunningest little 'lectric runabout, that I can almost run by myself, and we have such nice little parties, and mother tells me the nicest stories, nicer than Cinderella and jack the Giant Killer. I do get sort of lonesome for her stories, but of course my father is awful busy"-with a valiant C - 1 The Western Comrade By Helen Frances Easley effort to shield the man-"and I can't expect him to play with me like a lady would; and anyway I'll soon hear lots of stories--l'm going to start to schoql in September. I'm seven years old! But one time father· and I almost had a picnic, almost. It was just before I went away last time. Father said he would take me .to his little cabin, so jane packed the big lunch basket and we went in the automobile. It is just a teeny little ways, but the lunch basket was too heavy to carry, so that's the reason we rode. Why, I could find my way there all by myself, I'm sure! We went to that cunning little cabin, and father unlocked the door. It was just like a play house, furnished with the nicest things, and we walked through the three rooms, and all of a sudden father said: 'Son, we can't stay here!' I was so 'sprised, 'cause the little house belongs to him, but when I told him so he only shook his head and locked the door again. We went 'way back in the trees, where we couldn't see the little house at all, and ate our lunch; and it was pretty nice, only father was sort of quiet; but I should like to see that little house again." "So would I," the little girl agreed, her interest stirred by the boy's description of the little house and the cunning furniture. "I just love .to play house. I have one for my dolls. only it isn't big enough for me to get into. Do you think we could go there some time and have a little picnic?" Her eyes were very wistful. .. "Oh! lets." Cedric rose eagerly. "I'll tell j :::ne, and we can go now," but he was restrained by a little hand which pulled him down again onto the lawn. · "I can't go now," the lips quivered, although the child struggled bravely to control them. "I can't go without asking my mother, and I haven't ~een her this morning. Nobody has paid any 'tention· to me since I got up; even Daddy didn't have anything to say to me. I had my breakfast in the kitchen. Why, my hair hasn't been combed even!" Her voice rose shrilly and she was perilously near tears. "And I was so lonesome, so when I saw you here I came right over!" Cedric's manhood asserted itself. He reached out timidly a nd touched the shining curls. "Oh! pooh! little girl"- here he remembered that she had not told him her name- "I wouldn't care about that. Why, I like your hair that way; it makes me think of the sun fairies my mother told me about. And if your father and mother don't treat you nice any more we'll run away to the cabin. We'll go to-day!" It was an alluring proposition and brought the pink to her cheeks. She was contemplating it seriously, when suddenly a voice broke the stillness. "Alice! Oh, Alice!" "That's me!" the child said, sitting up straight. "Oh! how funny- I dldn 't tell you my name. I know you are Cedric Wyler, but I guess you didn't know that I'm Alice Roberts." "Alice! Oh, Alice!" The voice was coming nearer, and suddenly a pretty maid, with face flushed and eyes shining, found the children. "Oh! there you are, honey!" There was no censure in her voice. ''I've been looking everywhere for you. Guess what is over at your house. A baby brother! " Alice was up and flying across the lawn in less time than it takes to tell, and Cedric, watching her, was filled with jealous rage. He had been sure that he had found a playmate; she had almost consented to run away with him, and here she was �Th e We•lern Comrade Fiction returning to her family, the family who had neglected her for a whole morning, returning to them gladly. A baby brother, indeed! Probably she would never come back again if she had a brother of her own to play with. He gulped back the lump in his throat, and Alice, halting at the edge of the lawn, · turned suddenly. "Oh! Cedric!" she called. "Of course, I have to go home now, but I'll come back soon, for I like you lots! I 'most forgot to tell you." It was comforting, and Cedric, greatly mollified, turned toward the house, walking slowly. But the 1nearer he came to it the quicker became his steps. A brilliant idea had come to him. He mounted the broad steps, a sturdy ' little figure, and hurried to his father's study. "Father." Page eleven think. He might never 'ask, but there would a(ways be the desire for an explanation. "Pats his cheek and runs her fingers through his hair!" Ugly sobs shook the man. The boy's ·words had crucified him. His heart was fearfully and cruelly torn by the memories so ruthlessly brought to mind. "Her big •boy!" No one could ever be sweeter than Laura, no one could speak love names more caressingly-or have been •truer, he added it haltingly, almost grudgingly, for his pride was dying a hard death. He had been to blame; he knew it now, he had known it for a long, long time, · but it was too late. He himself had made it too late. He could never go back; his attitude had been absolutely unpardonable. No matter 'how humbly he might ask for forgiveness, it would never be granted "Yes, son." 1 now. He had waited too long, and though he was finding his punishment well nigh unbearable, he had to admit that it "I want a brother-no, a sister!" "Why, son, whatever put that into your head?" exclaimed was just. He did not appear at lunch. When Jane went to his door the man, amazed at the request. "Alice, the new little girl. They have a baby brother at to announce it, he excused himself, saying that he had not their house. I guess he just came this morning. Anyway she finished his work and that he had better not leave it. So just found eut about him, and I think I'd like to have a sister!" Cedric ate hurriedly and ' resumed his watch on the front lawn. "But what would you ·do with a baby in this house? Who He found the house across the road very interesting. He would take care of it? I'm afraid that neither you nor I wondered what the new brother looked like anyway. He had never seen a teeny-weeny baby, and although he was sure that would have time, and Jane is busy all the time, as it is." Cedric dug his heel into the thick rug and twisted his hands he had been one himself, he had no distinct recollection of in the pockets of his diminutive "knickers." He was going to what it was like. Anyway he must be quite wonderful, and mention a subject that was carefully avoided, as if by mutual perhaps Alice 'would not come back for a long, long time, consent. He had never been denied the right to speak of his three days maybe, at which. thought a blurriness of which he mother, 1but he always did it timidly, and very seldom, for he was ashamed came into his eyes. He was thi'nking very lonely felt that the conversation ma de his father uncomfortable. thoughts when he was amazed to see Alice waving at him; not However, he felt very brave to-day, and his words came only that, she was coming across the road! steadily as he looked straight into his father's eyes. He ran to meet her, his face radiant, and she greeted him "Why, I thought maybe if we got one, maybe we could get with ' a little, gurgling laugh. my mother to come back and take care of it. Don't you think "That brother is the cutest thing," she confided ; "so little maybe we could 'range it?" and soft, but sort of red; only I don't mind that a bit; the ''I'm afraid not, my son. It's ·quite out of the question. nurse says it •will wear off anyway. But he and 'my mamma Now run on and play; you see I'm very busy now. I'll see are taking a nap now, and so we have to be so creepy quiet, ' you soon." so I asked Annie if I might come over to 'see you, an' she s~id He strove to speak lightly and succeeded well enough to de- 'Yes' right away, that I could stay all afternoon. Everybody ceive the boy's ears. is so smilly and happy over at ·my house that they act just Cedric walked to the door, opened it and stood with his like they was glad to let me do anything I ask 'em." hand on the knob. She twisted her belt nervously as she went on shyly. "All right, father. I didn't mean to 'sturb you. I just "And couldn't we go to the little play house? Next to my thought I'd talk it over with you. Alice thinks we're awful brother, I keep thinkin' of that little cabin you talked about, queer, and I don't like to be queer. I didn't think you would and I do wish I could see it I" like it either. But she thinks it· is funny because our family · Her tone was very wh~dling and coaxing- an absolutely is divorced. She says none of theirs could ever get along unnecessary quality, for 'at the mere mention of her desire . without all the rest, and when her father is gone for just a Cedric responded with alacrity. little while her mother waits and looks for him, same as if it "I just guess so! An' wait a minute. I'll ask Jane to fix was a long, long time, and when he comes home he holds her us a lunch, just a little one, 'cause we must hurry and get close up in his arm6,· an' she pats his cheek, and runs her started. An' I'll tell her we're going to have a little picnic." fingers through his hair, an' calls him her big •boy. It sounded Several hours later, just at dusk, Annie, the maid of the sort of funny to me, but nice, and I thought maybe- may- Roberts household, came in search of Alice, and in turn she be--" The little voice trailed off apologetically. He had and Jane ransacked the Wyler premises for the children. They taken far too much of his father's time, and so the door closed could find no trace of them. on the imploring gaze of · e big brown ·eyes, so like his "Well, bless my soul!" exclaimed motherly old Jane, "Cedric mother's. came in and asked me for a lunch and said that he and Alice Malcom Wyler was a young man, only a few years over were going to have a picnic ·in a play house. Has Miss Alice .thirty, but as he pushed from him the papers, in which he had a play house?" lost all interest, he seemed very, very old. The face which Annie shook her head. he buried in his hands was working convulsively. What a "Then where do you suppose the little scamps went? I never mess he had made ·of life! How vain were all his efforts ! The heard Cedric talk about a play 'house before, and I suppoaed it boy was beginning to awaken, and his little glimpse of other was some contraption of the little girl's !" She meditatively people's happiness would constantly cause hi~ to wonder and (Continuecl on paae 22) �Page lwclve Co-op e' r a The Co-operative M-o vement LL HAVE been requested to tell you what I know about the co-operative movement in England. It is just about six years since I left there, and, needless to say, those years have been very eventful. The whole world has been passing through a series of events which will leave their mark on history's pages for all time. I well remember that about the time I left England, a nd for a couple of years afterward, great business was being done by the emigration agencies. Everything that could be done to show the alluring West in a good light and to make it attractive was done...,.-Qn paper. At that time there was a tremendous army of u nemploye~, which bid fair in a very short time to deteriorate into an army of unemployab!es. This condition , allowed to develop, ' was sure, sooner or later, to prove a great menace to the existing order of things. Capitalism had already run its course; its industries were no longer able to absorb the requisite proportion of the labor power available in order to keep the system running smoothly. We know full well that capitalism, for its successful operation, needs an unemployed reserve. But we also know that when armies were being used to quell the revolting workers. Unemployed demonstrations and hunger marches were every-day occurrences; and each country seemed. to be competing with its neighbor to see which could make the most pretentious demonstration. I "doubt whether the acts of diplomacy performed by the members of the various governments to appease the demands of labor have been surpassed even by anything that has been done in the great 'world war. Thoughtful men and women wondered what was to be the result of this condition. The more acute it became, the nearer the great crisis when the system must break down. Even you . in this comparatively new country had begun to experience the same kind of thing. Hired thugs were sent into the disturbed areas, the captains of industry held the upper hand, and Ludlow is one of the jewels in the crown of capitalism in this country. From what I have said, are not some of you able to understand clearer what precipitated the great struggle that is now in progress between the nations? Do not jump to any conclusions about the cause of the present war, unless you have been a student of economics. The science 'of economics has The mounlains abound m p1cmc spots '-"'here Llano <.:itizens may e njoy their vacations. that reserve grows to undue proportions it is inevitable that always been spoken of to the workers as the dismal science, trouble will arise. !.::migration was a kind of safety valve and but, if we only knew, it is the key to the whole situation that served the purpose of easing the pressure. But, with all this, millions are trying to understand at present. the workers who were left and who could secure employment But, you will ask, what has this to do with the co-operative were still able to produ<;e . such a surplus that the markets movement in England? I hope to show that it has much to do continued to be glutted. There was not 'only a surplus of the with the co-operative movement, ·not only 'in England, but all commodity labor power, but also of the commodities that over the world. And I shall try to show why I think the labor produces. The reward of productiveness was starvation . co-operative movement is going to solve the difficulties that One need not be very 'observant to be able to understand have arisen from the competitive struggle-not only in solving how this condition was brought a bout. The very fact that labor's problem, but also in making such a thing as a war any one can find some other ihdividual who is willing to give between nations a n impossibility. employment and pay wages bas more in it than appears on We must understand that, in an industrial sense, England the surface. lndustri"al concerns do not employ men a nd is much older than this country. She was well developed women because they love them. They employ them because before this country got its start. In fact, I suppose that most th_eir labor is a source of profit to themselves. Now, because of the machinery at first used in this country was brought over I happen to have been born in England nd have referred to from England, paving the way unconsciously for a rival in the condition that existed there, do no ink that I wanted the commercial field later. All phenomena takes place in due you to believe that it was a condition peculiar to that country season as the conditions which produce them develop. The alone. It was not. All the countries of Europe were in the co-operative movement is older in England -than in America same fix. All had the. same problem to solve. If markets for the reason that the conditions were ripe for the birth of could only be found; the . problem would be solved for ·a time. ·such a movement. The co-operative movement had in England But no such markets were to be found, however. a Socialistic origin, for its founder was Robert Owen. Owen Industrial unrest was !he order of the day. The standing himself avowed that his grand, ultimate object was "coil!- ... ·I l �.t ion • Page thirteen In Great Britain By . George Grazier m1,mity in land," with which, he hoped, would be combined "unrestrained co-operation on the part of all, for every purpose of human life." It is thus important to associate cooperation with Robert Owen, for, although co-operation did not have a continuous development from that time, he had the same idea that is guiding the movement, and that is guiding us here in Llano. The modern co-operative movement in England may be said to date from 1844, when a few men in the town of Rochdale, in Lancashire, commenced what may be termed "the process of joint stock storekeeping." It is true this is something different from the proposition of Robert Owen, but we shall see that from the beginning there has been a gradual development taking place, and there is a growin g desire for that "unrestrained co-operation on the I part of all, for every purpose of human life." The Rochdale pioneers were a few workingmen, who, instead of shouting about the high cost of living, simply combined their very limited resources, appointed their directors and managers, bought their supplies ·direct from the manufacturers, and supplied their members with commodities at tive movement as il stands t~ay, gammg in strength ·in propoition to its economic power, wielding political influence because of the force it can command by and through the posses.sion of vast economic resources. During 1916 the combined organizations did one thousand million dollars' worth of business, one organization alone transacting a business averaging five million dollars per week. Wheat lands in Can~ ada and tea plantations in Ceylon are owned by them. They are acquiring land in England and raising vegetables and live stock. · They own eight flour mills, and last year 3,185,963 sacks of flour were milled and delivered to the various distributing societies. This was made into bread, biscuits, cakes, etc., by co-operative labor. The only eight-hour-day match factories and cake, biscuit, jam and pickle factories in England are operated by the!Jl. One of the biscuit factories alone turns out I ,750,000 cream crackers every day, in addition to its other products. They are making their own shoes, clothing, bedding and furniture, and can construct any kind of building, from a rabbit hutch to any first-class public building. Printing establishments are owned and controlled by them, and they Many such beautiful scenes as these are within walking distance of llano Colony. first cost, thus eliminating middlemen's profits. The same thing was done in other towns and cities, and there is hardly a town or city there now without its co-operative store. That was all right so far, but any one who takes the trouble to analyze the position would soon find ihat if that was all the co-operative movement was going to accomplish it may as well have died at its birth. Because, although the organizations concerned could supply their members with commodities at a somewhat lower price, this advantage would soon be counteracted. So long as these men were working for wages, producing for manufacturers, how long would it be before wages decreased in proportion to the 'decreased cost of living? The men whom they had eliminated from the system of dis'tribution would become their competitors for the positions er. Wages would fall which the manufacturers had to again to subsistence level and th co-operative .storekeeping would be of no advantage. But tke co-operative movement did not stop there, and the men who saw the necessity of a distributing medium controlled by themselves, soon discovered that they in fact gained nothing unless they began producing u.s well. They learned what was necessary by trying to do somethi(ig. They might have theorized to this day. The main thing was to act. They did so, and the result is the co-opera- even own vessels for carrying cargoes which have been raised by them or purchased abroad for their consumption. • You will readily understand from this that the co-operative movement there, although a comparatively recent arrival, is gaining such power and momentum that it is to-day one of the forces that is fast ·changing the whole industrial and social· outlook. Let it not be thought that all this has been brought about without opposition, or that it is so strong to-day but what capitalism takes every opportunity to challenge its bid for supremacy. For instance, the tea brokers of the country have always conducted a campaign against the C. W. S., and even :~t the present time are doing so. What moves them to do so is the desire to create unpleasantness for their dangerous and hateful competitor. Meanwhile the C. W. S. regards these attacks with calmness. Thanks to the society's own extensive tea plantations and its financial strength, the traders can do the C. W. S. no damage. On the contrary, this conflict, as often in the past, will serve to strengthen its position still more. Many thought that a great war, such as the one in progress at the present time, would cause the disruption of the co-operative movement. But, on the contrary, the movement has made considerable progress. One finds that co-operative organizations are based on the principle that the welfare of its mem- �Page lourtecn Co-operation hers shall be the first consideration. When they start• producing; it is only natural that the providing of food, clothing and shelter shall be the first great object. This was the condition when the war started. An organization, consisting of hundreds of thousands of members and reaching ·· from one end of the country to the other, was doing for itself just those things which the government was forced by the greed of the capitalists to do for the whole people. Capitalism collapsed because of its greed and incompetency. It tried to put on a bold face in spite of this, and the various interests tried by bombastic methods to pursue the old course. The government had always been the faithful executive of the capitalist class and had always obeyed their every wish. But the government began to realize that there was something more serious taking place than ever had taken place before. The very nation itself was liable to fall into the hands of other exploiters and to be dominated by them, so it deliberately said: "If you want these glorious privileges preserved for yourselves, you will have to allow us to run the business." It took a time to convince them, but the fact that the German military machine had done this long ago and controlled practically all production and distribution, not only for the army and navy, but for the general public as well, convinced them that they must give way or lose all. It is a sure thing that if some of these keen business men, as they are called, had been allowed all the rope they wanted they would surely have come to grief. However, their faithful executive, the government, prevailed, with the result that the military machine of the Allies is making a bid to equal the German machine in perfection. The individual capitalist and corporation there must be careful not to be too bold at present. But what happened to the co-operative organizations? Did the government take them over? No. Why not? Because they were organizations founded to render service to thei·r members, and the government well knew that if one part of the nation was now producing and distributing the necessities of life through an efficient organization it would be easier for them to manage the rest. Therefore it was a wise policy to allow the co-operative organizations to go on the same as before the war. There were several reasons for this: First, the co-operators were manufacturing and distributing goods that the people could not do without. They were producing what the people actually needed. Secondly, their factories and machinery were such as could not readily be used for the manufacture of munitions and implements of war. So the government felt that just to the extent of the co-operative organizations' activities were their own responsibilities lessened. These very facts prove to the world the difference between capitalistic and co-operative production. One is production for profit; the other for use. At the time of a national crisis capitalistic methods were found to be useless and a hindrance; while co-operative methods, originating with th e idea of rendering service, filled the bill. The normal functions of the co-operative enterprises were of such a nature that they were bound to aid in the prosecution of the war. It was unavoidable-to refuse to operate would just mean cutting off all. their own supplies and sacrific' Apart from that, the thing to note is that co-operation as a system has proved to be efficient. Where it was not already in operation the governments have enforced it to suit their own purpose. After the war it will be up to the people to see that the system of co-operation is maintained, not to fit each nation with the teeth and claws of Mars, but to produce tho~ things th(lt are necessary to every nation's well-being. Capitalism has starved the people in the midst of plenty. It The Western Comrade will be the function of the co-operatively managed nations in the near future to see that equitable distribution is made, thereby abolishing poverty and all incentive to crime, individual or national. You ask, how is it possible for a nation to commit crime? I submit that the principle underlying criminality is the same, whether applied to an individual or a nation. To cause unnecessary suffering can be construed in no other way, and the present war is the greatest crime of the ages. However, those that hope to gain by it will lind, after all the smoke and thunder of battle are passed away, that instead of the supremacy for which they hoped, they have really ushered in a new order of society. Very few people realize that at the present time a social revolution is being effected. The co-operatqrs of the world have tried to effect it peacefully in a practical way. The so-called political leaders tried to accomplish it by passing resolutions and making speeches. The old trade-unionists never had any conception of what a social revolution meant. All they ever troubled about was keeping pace with the increasing cost of living, and a devil of a time they had. While speaking of this, I just want to refer to an editorial in an English co-operative magazine called "The Producer." Commenting on the activities of the Labor Party there, it says: "The Labor Party does not yet seem to have realized that for the economic betterment of the people, collectively owned fields, factories and workshops are better than speeches and resolutions; they could, in fact, be made more effective in the economic welfare of the workers than almost any kind of legislation. When we are treading the paths of national legislation we are upon very uncertain ground, that is apt to give way at any moment. But when we capture fields and grow wheat, build factories and manufacture goods, erect warehouses and distribute the contents one to another, we know we are getting on solid ground." The progress made in the older countries should give us encouragement in our work here. Consider that the organizations there ha ve kept in touch with one another in the most friendly manner, even though the governments have declared the countries to be at war. The co-operators were helpless to prevent the war. It was useless for them to pit their forces against a machine that was a thousand times as strong as themselves, and which they knew was determined to crush everything that stood in its way. Co-operators here extend the glad hand to co-operators in other countries. Our interests are the same. Wars can never arise between us. It is only where an antagonism of interest exists that war is a possibility. Once get a national co-operation firmly establishe::l, and war will be a thing of the past. TO KEEP IN TOUCH WITH LLANO COLONY Read of Llano in the lLANO COLONIST, the weekly paper telling in detail of what is being achieved, giving an intimate peep into the daily lives, the smaller incidents of this growing, thriving insti tution . Read, too, the WESTERN COMRADE, the illustrated monthly magazine, giving more complete articles concerning ihe Colony, showing photos illustrating its growth, etc. The editorials, and many other special features, are making it one of the leading Socialist magazines of today. · For subscriptions to the Publications, changes of address, etc., please write ~ lliE lLANO PUBLICATIONS llANO, CALIFORNIA �The We s I e r n Cofm r a.d e Page fifteen Was Schmidt Guilty? .H I 'H l This is the third installment of Comrade Harriman's address in the trial. of the Los Angeles Times dynamiting cases.] ERE let us turn the light on McManigal, the felon called as the principal witness for the state. Mr. McManigal is a self-confessed murderer. He '- - - claims to be guilty of the murder with which this defendant is charged. He pleaded guilty to the charge of conspiracy in Indianapolis, and has testified in this prosecution, the theory of which is that the conspiracy charged in Indianapolis is a continuing conspiracy, and that every one involved therein is guilty of the murder of Charles Haggerty. After testifying in Indianapolis, the prison doors were opened, this criminal, McManigal, shook off his chains, walked out, was give;t a thousand dollars in cash by the County of Los Angeles, and told to go his way in peace. That was the price paid for his testimony in Indianapolis and upon this stand. What a willing, anxious witness! Why should he not be willing? Was not his liberty at stake? Would he swear a man's life away for his own life and liberty? Would he not kill a man, with an oath, for his liberty, if he would kill a man with a gun when his liberty was only in jeopardy? What a tender-hearted, loving father the prosecution would have you believe him to be. What a fiend incarnate was he before they caught him! What a change of heart the third degree, coupled with a promise of liberty, and a thousand dollars cash on the side, will work in the heart of a murderer! He was not always thus, a hired butcher, bought wit~ ;;te price of his own liberty. He was not always a saint, with a loving heart throbbing with parental kindness. In 1907, when the violence first began in the 'East, McManigal was merely a workingman, that is all. Just a man working on the job, helping to erect steel buildings the same as other working men. I want you to pay particular attention as I repeat the unreasonable and improbable and false story of McManigal. He testified that he was working in Detroit on the Ford building when he met a man by the name of Hockin. That statement is probably true. He said that there was a building in the neighborhood under way of construction, upon which a number of non-union men were working; that the union men working on the Ford building were ordered to watch the non-union men on the other building and to follow them to the car that they took on their way home, and, when they got off, to give them a beating; that the men working on the Ford building followf':d the orders of Hockin and beat the nonunion men, much to the satisfaction of Mr. Hockin, but that he, McManigal, refused to obey the orders--that he did not believe in that sort of business and remained at home. Do you think it was his tender heart that kept him there? Might it not have been his physical cowardice? Personal warfare with bare fists requires some courage. Are we quite sure that this saint of Mr. Noels, made thus by promises of liberty and cash payment, has the kind of courage necessary to enter a contest with bare fists? You heard he"' pad the nerve to carry pure nitro-glycerine on long trips. Well, yes! But he was familiar with nitro-glycerine and knew how to handle it with safety. That required nerve, not courage. But did he not put this nitro-gly_cerine in many places, undei' the most difficult circumstances? True, he did. But you must remember that many cowards are the best shots. It is their cowardice that makes them good shots if their hearts are wicked. You will remember that this loving father so tenderly cherished by Mr. Noel had always with him a brace of .38 repeater Colt revolvers. · The penalty the law placed upon him for destroying property was imprisonment. The penalty he placed upon an attempt to catch him was death. What a father! What a tender heart! What do you think of a man who would take a human life rather than be imprisoned for a few years for committing a crime? He could blow down a bridge and murdP.r a man rather than be caught. If he could murder a man with a gun, in cold blood, rather than be imprisoned, how much more willingly would he murder a man with an oath, rather than be hanged? Listen to the story of this man. When he refused to join what he calls the entertainment committee, he tells us that this man Hockin, hitherto a stranger, told him that since he refused to assist in beating the non-union men, he would have to blow up a building with dynamite. He testified that he protestedthat he did not want to destroy property; that it was wrong; that he would quit work and go back to Chicago before he would do such work; that Hockin was incorrigible and told him that he must blow up the building ; that if he quit work and went back to Chicago he would be boycotted and would not be able to go to work; that Hockin told him to wait while he went up into Canada, where he would get the dynamite; that Hockin went and returned without the stuff. What an improbable story. The story is impossible. Do you think the organizer of a labor organization would pick up a stranger and force him to blow up a building with dynamite? You must remember that there was a strike on, and at such times spies are as thick as maggots in a festered sore. Do you not know that organizers have long since learned to be exceedingly cautious at such times? Were the organizer to force such an act, it would only be necessary to disclose the fact to one of the spies, some of whom are always present and known. No organizer or any other man would try to force a man to commit such a crime at such a time. By doing so he would place not only the strike, but the entire organization, in jeopardy, and himself in prison. Of all methods yet employed to procure the commission of a crime, this one is certainly the most unique. Clever-no, the story is not even clever. It is coarse and inconsistent with the remainder of this felon's story. Do you not remember that he said they conducted their campaign of destruction with profound secrecy? Do you not know that such acts must be done in secret? Do men herald such acts to the world? No! No! Those are the class of acts that are kept under the bushel. Indeed, they must be kept under the· bushel. Whatever success attends them depends on secrecy. Yet this man Hockin took every chance of heralding it to the world by picking out a stranger, and forcing him, against his will, to commit a crime. Do you believe such stuff? Is this man to hang on such testimony, or on the testimony of a man who lends himself to such unreasonable stories to gain his own liberty, together with a thousand dollars in cold cash on the side? Cash-that was a mere "gift" to show that the people of Los Angeles County were good fellows! Do you remember the umbrella story? Here is another, equally corrupt, unreasonable and false. A story so utterly and completely at variance with the methods of secrecy that must be employed under such circumstances can only be looked upon with disgust. And to him must be turned a deaf ear, consigning him to dwell among those angels whose �, Page sixteen The Western Comrade wings, while on earth, were made of iron barrels, and leaden was at a banquet. He was soon released, and, congratulating • balls, and whose trails were slimy with human gore. each other, they discovered that they .had launched a unique Now let me tell you what really happened. You will re- campaign of destruction, with McManigal as the chief actor member that the resolution of 1906 was being rigidly en- and with H9ckin as the directing general. These two, and no forced. That there was a strike on in Detroit. That the more, knew the facts at the time. union men were suffering defeat in every quarter and the .This job at Detroit, according to McManigal, ·was the first dissolution of the union seemed inevitable. Consternation was job pulled off. It was in 1907. Immediately thereafter Hockin abroad and their hearts were sinking into despair. went to Indianapolis and revealed the plot to j. ]. McNamara At this moment McManigal came to Hockin. Who was and Ryan. He told them of McManigal's plan and how they McManigal then? Not a perjured villian, nor an angel, but had successfully carried it out; how the strike was settled and merely a man who, like other men, was in the struggle to better the union men in Detroit had been put to work on the wrecked his condit!on. He was, like the others, struggling for higher building. I think I see these officers as they sit in consternawages and an eight-hour day. He had been a miner, accus- tion, listening to the story and the proposals of this terrible tomed to handling and using dynamite. He knew the terrible campaign. They were confronted by an overpowering enemy. havoc that would be strewn in its wake. He was cunning as Their efforts were futile. They were suffering defeat after a fox, stealthy as a cat and conscienceless as a viper. It is to defeat at the hands of the Steel Trust, with no hope of success this man that the campaign of destruction is due. by using methods prev{ously employed. They were losing He went in secret to Hockin. J think I can hear him, whis- their old and staunch members. Members were quitting who pering his mildew into Hockin's ear as he tells him of his had faithfully fought long and hard and who were being forced former occupation and how he could turn the tide in their by hunger to heed the call for bread. The organization was favor by destroying the property of their enemies. We can disbanding. Despair was abroad in the ranks, and unless almost hear him say, "I can run down to Tiffin, Ohio, and 3omething more effective could be done the union would soon get all the dynamite we need. My uncle and father live there, be a thing of the past. Dangerous as was this new plan, and and I know the men in the mines, and they will sell me the though criminal in its character, yet these men, as all men stuff. You give me the money and I will buy the dynamite engaged in war, felt that any course that would save their and fuse , bring it back, and you can leave the test to me. organization, and hence the lives of their members, was justiOn that night you had better be somewhere all the evening, fiable . Expensive as it might be, and dangerous as it might for they know you and they might arrest you. I am not known become, they concluded that nothing could be more expensive and they will never suspect me. Take it from me, Hockin, nor more dangerous than a funeral. They could not see th~t after this is over they will be afraid of more to follow and such a course led inevitably to the grave, but hoped, as all men in despair hope, that whatever will save for the moment they will make peace with us.". Facing an inevitable defeat and sinking in despair, Hockin will save forever. And thus the campaign of destruction was launched. At grabbed at this fatal straw. Money was supplied and McManigal started on his way to Tiffin. There he met his father and that time only the four men, Hockin, Ryan, J. ]. McNamara uncle, to whom he told his story with the glee that always and McManigal, knew the plan. shows in the face of the man who . is about to commit what That ail matters might be understood and settled beween he believes will be a successful crime. His father and uncle , them, McManigal was brought to Indianapolis. It was then of kindred criminal blood, lent their assistance to him in his and there that the terms were settled and agreed upon. You mad career. The dynamite and fuse were bought and he will remember that McManigal said it was a matter of business went on his way with them to Detroit. You will remember with him. That he did not care to go from 'work to dynamiting with what cunning he opened the door leading from the alley and thence to work again. That he would either have nothing into the building, where he placed one charge and lighted to do with it or he would make it a b ·~ ;iness and work at it all the fuse. Then, closing the door, he returned to his room, the time. The price agreed upon was $200 a shot, all things where he had left the other two charge~ for other buildings. furnished and expenses paid. Soon the crash came. Then, lying on his bed, he heard the McManigal testified that he was told not to visit Indianapolis calling of the newsboys, "All about the great explosion." I nor to be seen with ]. ]. McNamara except at long intervals. think I can hear him chuckle as he cut the item from the Do you know what this means? It means secrecy. Secrecy paper and sent it to his uncle and father, telling them of his is the primal necessity of such an undertaking. The union great success. Does not this fact prove beyond all question movement would not support such a course. The law conthat his story was false; that he was not forced to commit demned it. Public knowledge meant failure. Stripped of' the crime; that he was not acting under protest; but that the every trace that would lead to Indianapolis and communicating crime was of his own choosing; that he was proud of his own with that office through Hockin, the machinery was ready and accomplisment? And that he hastened to tell his accomplices McManigal went on his way. of his glee and of conquests yet to come? For the first time in the history of the Iron Workers' Union, Looking up and down the street, he saw a policeman at dynamite was purchased. I say this without fear of contraeach corner. He thought that he was discovered. Going diction. The prosecution broke into the office of the Iron other charges into small bits, Worke.rs' Union at Indianapolis, took all the records, and is hence to his own room, he cut dropped them into the closet a repaired to the street, leaving a rmed from head to foot with all the facts in the case. Had no trace behind. Rather a successful man to have been there been any purchase of dynamite previous to this state, the chosen by chance. No, he was not chosen by Hockin. He records would have disclosed the fact. The prosecution would .vas chosen by himself to carry out his own dire plot. He did have presented those letters and you would have be_en app~ised. it with skill, and cunning, and success. . j"Was Schmidt Guilty?" began in the May number and will nm for And Hockin? What became of him? He was arrested, as McManigal said he would be. He had prep!lred hi~ alibi. He several months. Back numbers, ten cents a copy.l a �The estern Com'J'ade The Socialist· Party-Where. ls It? _ 8 Y_ T and West. North and South, the Socialist Party State SecretaJy Williams has wmpiled a brief staWn.ent in has been rent asunder. _Fragments have split off; which he has enumerated tbe chi~f changes. They. ate "\\--ell factiom have formed; schisms have been created. worth ·noting: .---- World-wide problems have wrought world-wide havoc Chief Provisions of New Constitutictn. with every institution, and nationalism has risen superior to Fint-Four regular referendum deetions per yeaH!~ janue.ry, April, internationalism. The Socialist Party of every country has July an-d October. · . Second-State Executive Committee to consist of nine members, to be suffered. by Industrial Groups. But in the United States where the party was weakest, where elected Third-Work of Locals confined to propaganda, educati and 0'1!An• the leprosy of dissolving party membership has reduced the lzation_ LocalS will have nothing to do with the political activity of the membership and the tuberculosis of falling vote has closed the party. Fourth-Locals will have no territorial jurisdiction. Locals wiU hav11 field of new recruits, while the mal-nutrition of lost interest has brought despair to the entire movement, the effect has jurisdiction over their own members only. Fifth--Any five - individuals may unite IUid ·organize 11 Local without been even worse. regard to residence of members or the territory covered. Two factions have been forming for some time. One looks Sixth- There may be as many locals in any community as the~ a~ backwards to Karl Marx for instruction, and regardless of groups of live or more desiring to unite in forming n Local. present day necessities, of the problems of this period or of the ,.. Seventh- All existing branches will automatically become Locals and o rerogoized by the State Oflice. exigencies of new conditions turns, like the Moslem, its face Eighth-All of the political activity of the party will hereafter be admin· always to the East. istered by all of the party membership, witho!lt regard to Local Ortl&nita• The other faction faces the problems tion. Ninth- No group of comradea can set to· of today and looks toward the logic gether in a city or county and anumc control of today for the answers. Without deof all political activity of the party, nor can precating the wisdom of Marx, this facTHIS is the new clause that is to they interfere with any campaisn bcins contion gently reminds the Socialists that ducted in some political subdivision of the city deliver the Socialist Party of Marx is dead, and that the dead hand or county. California out of the hands of those Tenth- In case a majority of the memben of the dead Socialist is no less dead who have choked it slowly till life residing in two or more political aubdiviaiona tban the dead hand of the dead capof the city wish to do so, they may co-operate, italist. is nearly extinct, who have preventproviding a majority of the memben in each Two significant conventions ha.ve ed co-ordinated action, who have subdivision are agreed. been held in the last few months. Eleventh- Members of the State Executive made it an ineffectual shell : Committee automatically become State Organ· One was at Fresno, February 17, izers for the particular Industrial Group elect18. and 19. California Socialists met "Socialist Locals shall be organizing them, and are amenable to aaid group. and formu lated two constitutions, the ed without regard to political subT welfth- AII members at large will pay majority report and . the minority $2.50 dues per year, payable in advance. divisions. The jurisdiction of said report. Thirteenth- All new applicant• for mem• Locals shaD be confined to members bership in the party mull pay $'1 on admit• The other was at St. Louis, April 7. sion, to be applied as followa : Twenty-five thereof." Th emergency convention met and cents for the State Bulletin, 15 centt to pay formulated a majority report and three for the national duet for three month1, and minority reports. 60 cents to be applied to the Stale Organiza• At F re no there was a desire on the ion fund. The member in return therefor will part of the majority to make a more radical constitution, to receive the Stale Bulletin for one year, and a memberahip card, duly dopt timely measures, to use methods that would lead the stamped, for three months. The Socialists of California are endeavoring to put the party p rty forward. on a firm foundation. The Constitution was adopted only after t t. Louis, the majority had nothing new to offer. The Fresno majority constitution carried by a three-to-one a systematic and careful study of conditions had been made. The conservative element fought it with the arguments vot . Jh t. Loui majority report is being suppressed by the conservatives usually use. They wished to continue in the authorities a being editious, and a number of prominent same old way. One of the worst features tbe Socialists have to contend ci list are in jail or out on bail as a result of distributing with is the professional disrupter. He is the man loude•t in them. It is not th fact that the t. Louis majority report is sedi- his talk of the "bourgeoisie" and the "proletariat.'' of the tious that ma kes it significant; the effort of the radicals "class struggle" and th.e "working d a5s." With these words here re likely to be considered as such by the powers he establishes himself as a Socialist, and then begins systematically to drive out those who really belong to the working .that be. The significant thing is that th assumed to be leading class and who feel the class struggle without forever talking thin ' n in the 'alist mowem of America had nothing about iL Under the old Constitution the best locals were conttandy wnstructiv to offer in the face of an emeJgeJJcy and in the fl.\ of ch · 'ng embersbip and a reduced vote. They being broken up and the best worken disgwted by the tactics wuld :su~t nothing to overcome these conditions. _They of these disruptcr5, many of whom were honest enough in m ~erated their position. known to e eJ}' one "'-ho. bas their intentions. VIet gi en the 'ali:sts eTeD a moment' thought_ Uode.. the new Constitution it is easy to form Dew foc.aJf. Ho dilrerent the SJeD - eot a t FRSDO! TheR: oonsbuctive and those who come to caw;e dissension cannot bold a focal meuwes ~ • a but 1IR:R adopted. c~- ~22) �Page eiahteaa The Western Comra!;le News and Views In Agriculture Laying Contests Have Shown That the 200-egg hen is a very substantial present-day reality. . That it is possible for the .lomestic fowl to produce more than 250 eggs in 36S consecutive days. That high fecundity is primarily a strain or family rather than of breed• . 'That the selection and mating of highly prolific birds can result in a marked m.iprovement of the average egg production. That the continued selection of breeding stock upon lines that emphasize inherent tendency to ovarian activity is inclined to alter the weight e.nd conformation of certain pure breds. . That the average weight of the eggs from both high and low producing strains can be materially increased through selective breecfuuz. That the trap nest or the single-bird pen is the only absolute index to a , bird's capacity for egg production. That when other things are equal the so-called mongrel may be the equal, if not the superior. of many strains of pure breds. That the absence of male birds from the laying pens does not affect the egg yield. That the heavier breeds arc the best winter layers. That an abundant supply of plain, wholesome food in conjunction with p roper housing and management is conducive to increased production. That the cost of feeding does not in itself make for profit or loss in the poultry business. That the efficiency of different so-called standard rations cannot be ex actly determined from their use in connection with small experimental pens of birds of unknown performance.-Charles Opperman in The Country Gentleman. A Good Contact Insectide for Sucking Insects \ Lime ·-··---··--·--······--···- ·-- -------- ··- ··-··--·······--40 pounds Sulphur (Bowers) ···----- - ------···············------30 pounds Water, to make................·--·--------·----···-··-··· I 00 gallons Heat in a cooking vat or other vessel about one-third of the total quantity of water required. When the water -is hot, add all of the lime, and al once add all of the sulphur, which should previously have been made into a thick paste with water. After the lime is slaked, another one-third of the water should be added, preferably hot, and the cooking should be continued for an hour, when the final dilution should be made, using either hot or cold water, as is most convenient. The boiling due lo the slaking of the limo thoroughly mixes the ingredients al the slarl. but •ubsequenl stirring is necessary if the wash is cooked by direct heal in kettles. After the was has been preapred, it must be strained through a line sieve as it is being run into the spray lank.- Fred P. Roullard, Horticultural Commissioner, Fresno County. Locating the Apiary In selecting a location for the apiary, dense shade is objectionable, whether it be brush, arbor o r la rge trees, on account of the inconvenience of getting swarms, which will use this for a settling place. It is also objectionable on account of keeping the early morning sun away from the bees, and thus keeping them in the hive late in the day, when they should be a l work.-J. B. King, Texas Department of Agriculture. Use for Peanut Hulls Utilization is :ow being made of the peanut hull. In Johnson County, Texas. a contract was closed recently for a hundred carloads of peanut hulls to be used in a mixed feed for live stock. This utilization of the entire peanut plant will no doubt prove a factor in feed prices next season. The general opinion of lieldmen in that section is that the forthcoming Ji>eanul crop will be more profitable to the producer than in the past seasns. - W. E. B., in The Country Gentleman. Radishes and Lettuce--Directions for Planting Radishes and lettuce are favorite plants in small gardens because, while these are attractive additions to the ~ they are in a way luxuries on which many housewives hesitate to s~d money. Lettuce does not withstand heat well and thrives best, therefore, in the early spring or late autumn. In order to have the leaves crisp and tender it is necesaary lo force the growth of the plant. The usual method of growing the plant for home use is to sow the seeda broadcast in the bed and to -remove the leaves as rapidly aa they become large enough ·for use. It ia better, however, to aow the seeds in rowa fourteen to aixteen inchea apart. This will result in the formation of rather compact heads and the entire plant may then be cut for use. For an early crop in the North, the plants should be started in a hotbed or cold frame and transplanted as soon as hard freezes are over. In many sections of . the Sauth the seeds. are sown during the autumn and. the plant allowed In remain in the ground over winter. Frequent shallow cultivation should be given the crop; and if crisp and tender lettuce is desired during the summer months, some form of partial shading may be necessary. Fo-r head lettuce, Big Boston, Hanson and California Cream Buller are good varieties. For loose-leaf lettuce, Grand Rapids or black-seeded Simpson are recommended. -United Stales Department of Agriculture. Don't Use Rhubarb Leaves Because rhubarb leaves contain certain substances which make then. poisonous to a great many persons, specialists of the United Stales Department of Agriculture warn housewives against using this portion of th~ plant for food. A number of letters have been received by the depart- ment calling altention to the fact thai certain newspapers and magazines are advocating the tose of rhubarb leaves for greens, and that disastrous results have followed the acceptance of the advice.- United States Department of Agriculture. Value of Peanuts for Oil and Meal One ton of peanuts will yield eighty gallons of oil valuable for human food purposes, as salad oil and in cooking, and 750 pounds of meal, which contains 48.26 per cent protein and 9 per cent fat and makes a more valuable live stock feed than does cottonseed meal. Peanut oil is one of the most important of the world's food products. F ranee uses about 16,000,000 gallons of edible oil and 23,000,000 gallons of low-grade oil in the manufacture of soaps each year, while Germany uses about 6,000,000 gallons of high-grade oil. It is noteworthy that of the 1,500,000 gallons of peanut oil annually imported .to America more than half passes through and is used in the manufacture of oleomargarine. - Hawaiian Tiller. The Improvement of Nursery Stock In order that nursery stock may be improved in the broadest sense of the word, the orchardist must be continually on the alert In observe all that is desirable among Nature's raw materials, the chance seedlings and bud sports; the plant breeder must lake the most desirable I rails from the best we have in each fruit and endeavor to combine them; the scien · tific investigators of our experiment stations must enter the practically neglected field of root stock investigation and determine not only the affinity between stock and scion, but the root that is best adapted to certain soil conditions and best adapted to resist insec t pests and plant diseases; while the nurseryman, profiting by all that these have done, must get out of the rut of blind and thoughtless following of old horlicultu r.•l trails that have naught but antiquity lo recommend them, and he must fully understand the great responsibility resting upon him as counselor and guide to many orchardists. He should never forget the cruel disappo'nlment to some one tha t must inevitably follow either his carelessaess or his dishonesty if he should allow stock to leave his hands other than tha: which his customer desires. He must place his business on a higher plane than that of mere buying and selling, and must feel that it is his m;ssion In be an agent in helping Nature add to the welfare of mankind.-A. L. Wisker, Lorna Rica Nursery, California. Government Aid for Purchase of T rae tors The Italian Ministry of Agriculture has issued a notice fixing rules whereby agricultural bodies and societies in Italy may obtain a government contribution toward the cost of acquiring tractors for mechanical plowing. The grant will be conceded In these bodies up to thirty per cent of the total cost and, the Board of Trade Journal states, this figure may be increased to forty per cent in the event of not less than five tractors being employed in any one Province. In the case of private persons the grant will not exceed twenty per cent. This is not only a practical solution of the problem of greater production that we hear so much about but dlso mighty good co-operation between government and farmen.-"The Organized Farmer.'' Sweet clover is adapted to a wider range of climatic condition• than any of the true clovers, and posaibly alfalfa.- United Statea Department of Agriculture. �Co-operatioa The Western Comrade Page nineteen Co-operation the \Vorld Over Notes About (he 1Chief Co-ope·ratives Gleaned from· Many Sources The Salvation of Irish Farming--Co-operation In 1888 the struggling fanners of Ireland were exploited to the point of a bare s~bsistence by railroads, middlemen, commission men and banl..ers. Families v·egetated in grinding, degenerating poverty, until nearly all the ambitious youn~ men, cognizant of the doom which awaited them on their own soil. emigrated to America. Sir Horace Plunkett, father of co-operation among farmers in Northwestern United States, after making an exhaustive study of Irish conditiono, proposed as a remedy for this wretched poverty-<:o-operation. With the assistance of the enthusiastic Father Finlay, Plunkett induced a group of farmers in 1889 to form a co-operative creamery, the first co-operative enterprise in Ireland. ·1he ftrsl year this society did a business of $21.815. The next year Plunkett organized sixteen more creameries, which in 1891 did a business of $251,910. At thi• juncture the movement was strong enough to enter the field of co-operative banking. Not having a rational and adequate credit supply, they established a series of co-operative banks and credit societies, lendino money for one and two per cent Ieos than tha t lent by private compan~s. This last move aroused the for_c es of capita_lism to a realizatio n of the pO\\'erful enemy in the person of Co-operallon. For seven years. the corrupt interests fought the movemenl bitterly. But co -operatio n triumphed, and to-day is the most inspiring agrarian movement in the wo rld. Ireland v h the following co-opera tives: 193 agricultural, 235 credit, 18 poultry 18 home industries, 52 pig and cattle supply, 10 flax and 29 miscellaneous. In 1913, 985 co-operative societies did a business There are 300,000 farmers in Ireland, more than a 0 [ $16.665,900. third of whom are enrolled in the various co-operative societies. All of this has been accomplished under the auspices of the Irish Agricultural Organization Sociey, organized and directed by the inspiring genius of Sir Horace Plunkett. The results? The incomes of the farmers, by abolishing the sources of exploitation through co-operative endeavor, have almost been doubled. Farming, previously the most dismal occupation in the island, has become force that has triumphed. Great trusts have gone .down before it. In Switzerland _it vanquished the beef trust, in : Sweden the sugar trust, .;,.d in England the so~p trust. It has prevailed against great obstacles. Whereas the workers have noto riously suffered defeat at the ballot box in their contests with privileged interests, the co-operators, in their great contests with the vested interests, have always won the victory. The pewerful combines, with capital, unscrupulous CNntrol of politics, and the force of vested interests behind them, have been beaten by organizations largely composed of working people. Co-operation has succeeded ·against the greatest economic odds.- James Peter Warbasse. Co-operation is the act of working together towards a common end or uniting for a common purpose. The success or failure of co-operation lies not in co-operation itself, but in the individual who co-operates or fails to co-operate.- California Fruit Exchange. Co-operative Bull Associations Co-operative bull associations are fonned by farmers for the joint ownership, use and exchange of high-class, pure-bred bulls. In addition, lhey may encourage careful selections of cows and calves, introduce better methods of feeding, help their members market dairy stock and dairy products, intelligently fight contagious diseases of cattle, and in other ways as.ist in lifting the dairy business to a higher level. Incidentally, the educational value of such an organization is great. The history of the co-operative bull association showo that it is especially adapted to smail herds, where a valuable bull for each herd would constitute ·too large a percentage of the total investment. Thus the organizatien enables even the owners of small herds to unite in the purchase of one go.d bull and each to own a share in a registered sire of high quality. Though still in its infancy, the co-operative bull association movement promises eventually to become a very great factor in the improvement of our dairy cattle. At the present time there are in the United Stales thirty-two active bull associations, with a total membership of 650, owning about 120 pure-bred bulls. -United States Bureau of Animal Husbandry. Co-operative Canneries Ambitious and energetic young men an~ women a~e It is estimated that the co-operative canneries of· the United States now remaining on the farms, gladly taking up the occupation of thetr parento-the best proof in the world of a thri ving rural population. What a contrast here to the suffering and privation of competition! a joy and a science. Alaska ln.dians Operate Co-operative Stores handled over $158,000,000 worth of the canned and dried fruits and vegetables marketed last year. Practically all of the co-operative canneries in the United States are found in the Pacific Northwest and California, the annual business of these organiza tions ranging from as low as $50,000 to as high as $1 ,500,000 for a single cannery. The most successful co-opera- Throuoh the assistance of the United Sta.les Bureau of Education. Alaska Indians ;, Hydaberg, Southeastern Alaska, have been guided in the organ- tive canneries now in operation are those which put up or pack a wide va riety of products over a long period, some s tarting with strawberries in ization of several co-opera tive sto res, in order to abolish the cnmmal May and continuing until December with late vegetables. By utilizing the various products as they mature, the operating period may be extended to about six and one-h:,lf months.- United States Office of Markets and exploitation a t the hands of unscrupulous traders. At these stores the natives may exchc: nge their wares and purchase the necessan cs of hf~ at a legitimate price. The stores a re owned a~d operated by the lnd1~ns themselves. T wclve months after the estabhshment of the co-operative store in Hydaberg the Indians declared a cash dividend of fifty per cent, and still had sufficient funds at hand to build a larcer st.. re. The Co-operative League of America One of the most important o rganizations in America formed for tJ.e purpose of educating the peoplo to an appreciation of the value of co-oper· dtion is THE CO-OPERATJVE LEAGUE OF AMERICA, with headquarters at 70 Fifth avenue, New York City. The aims of the league are: First, the explanation through leaflets and pamphlets of the principles underlying the successful opcra:ion of co-opera tive stores; second, the. mves!1gahon of commercial and industrial conditions in the United States m thetr rela- Rural O rg~nization . The Value of Co-operation ' Co-operation does away with the grave evilo of debt, especially in con· nection . with little shops. The curse of housekeeping Dn credit ia the irresponsibility it breeds, and in checking this irresponsibility co-operation has strengthened self-reliance and self-control in a thousand homes. Blit it has done far more than check reckless domestic expenditure. The co-opera tive store tra ins men and women to act with prudence, and edu- cates them in the business of wisely conducting their own affairs. · A positive $ense of responsibility is fostered by co-operation, and in learning l o manage the store co-operators gain an experience that is invaluable for good citizens.-j oseph Clayton. tion to co-opera tion. so tha t co-opera tive enterprises can be advised as to Co-operation m Holland how and where to adapt themselves to special conditions peculiar to this country; and thi rd, to furnish expert c~unsel to co-operatives in the Of the 958 creameries in Holland, 680 are co-operative; of its 291 cheese factories, 20 I are co-operative. Co-operation in Holland is used also in other lines of agricultural manufacture. Of 21 potato-Hour fac- administration of their business and financtal transac hons. The member- ship oof the league is composed entirely of earnes! students of co-operation who are interested in the grow th of the Amencan movement. Persons interested in co-operation are urged to beco embers and to. write for information. The Practical Value of Co-operation The co-operative movement is leaching people to do things for themselves without asking or accepting aid from the state. It is teaching the workers ''to administer the affairs of society on every scale. It is raising · up from the ranks of labor R>cn who are _ca~able of large enle~rises. In its conHicts with the forces of capttaltsm, co-operation ts the only tori.es, 13 are co-operative. The re a re six co-operative strawboard mills and two large beet-sugar co-operative factories. One co-operative artificial manure factory supplies half the fertilizer used in Holland. Holland has 600 credit banks, affiliated with three central banks, all co-operative.Paul V. Collins, Pearson's. Co-operative B~nks in Italy There are 900 co-operative banks in Italy and, until recently, they did not even h ave gover~ment inspection, yet their Iones for a term of yean averaged only six hundredths of one per cent.-Aibert Sonnischer. .. �·Page twenty Magazine Summary The Western Comrade What Thinkers Think The Substance of Instructive Articles In R•view of Reviews Present Agricultural Situation.-For the first time we are thinking agri· culture in terms of a nation. If we are Ia have a big increase in acreage the nation as a whole and not farmers as a class must take a hand. The Department of Agriculture brings lo the farmer vast stores of scientific information and seeks to stimulate co-operative efforts on the pari of the farmer, and lo help him lo market products. By planting such legumes as soy beans, cow pea• and peanuts the meat supply can be supplemented materially this summer. Co-operation must be the watchword. There is no o ther means of elimina ting waste. Wheal ground in a hand grist mill in the kitchen is as good as most patent breakfast foods, and much cheaper.-Carl Vrooman. luternational Socialist Review Shop Control.-The pari that o rganized labor should take in the management of industries is the question of the day in England. At the T rade Union Congress the president disclaimed any desire on the part of the workmen to manage their employers affairs, but claimed the right to control their hours, living conditions and the character of their foremen. Even enlightened employers consider this unsatisfactory. Labor unions must assume responsibility towards society. The development of labor control of industries will proceed as fast as labor shows the requisite power and undersanding, and the essential thing in modern progress is the devoted co-operation with the Stale of the hitherto irresponsible proletarian trade unions.-Aus tin Lewis. Century Europe's Heritage of EviL-The Roman Imperial idea of the essential unity of mankind and the supremacy of law based upon reason and divine command failed before the Ottoman assault on Constantinople, and the future was seen to belong to the separate nations which alone possessed a strong sense of uni ty. This national feeling developed into an irresponsible sovereignly of the stale before which individual rights and welfare had no existence. Even the French revolution merely transferred this absolutism lo the represen tatives of the ·p~ople. The modern stale has be· come an economic as well as a political organ of society; it is in fact a stupendous and autonomous business corporation, the most lawless b usiness trust, viewing the other nations as business rivals. It is absolutely free from effective business regulation and has immensely concentrated wealth such as kings and emperors never had a l their disposal. In struggling for supremacy they adopt p rinciples of action for which individuals would be ruthlessly suppressed as d angerous bandits. If there were no economic questions involved the conffict of nationalities would soon be ended. And with all this wealth and power, it is in the richest nations that discontent is deepest and most wide spread. Stales, like individuals, must admit their responsibilities lo one another and lake their place in the society of slates in a spirit of loyalty to civilization and humani ty.- David Jayne Hill. North American Review Industrial Americanization and National Defense.-After a considerable period of trying Ia put efficiency into industry from the outside "experts' and employers alike arc coming Ia see that the real development of efficiency is from the inside and is a matter of the spirit that prevails throughout the business. An organization interested in organizing its . human side can do no better than put its b<St executive, not its weakest and most amiable, in charge of the work. The spirit he needs is a combination of a sound realization of business values and a quickened sense of industrial justice. A system of promotions and transfers, the provision of proper incentives, and American standards of living will release great stores of energy now shut off.- F ranees A. Kellor. EverybodY's. The Wings of the U. S. A.- When the world comes to, after the war madness, it will discover that the air has become a safer sphere to travel than the land. One man makes two tri s a day from London to the front in France, taking over a good car an 'nging back a · broken one. He boasts that he can bring almost any machine across the channel if the motor will pull it. A machine can only be used twenty-four hours at the front. Then it needs a week's repairs. It takes six men and three machines to . keep one Hying man in the air, over the front. Machines are being butlt that .can carry ~rom one to two tbns, with planes so wide an<! strong ·and stabthty so cerlam that men can move about on their wings and adjust their engines while in full 8ight.-William G. Shepherd. June Magazines Independent Woinan's Place.-The National League for Woman's Service has been established under the supervision cif tlie Department of Labor, to make the best use of the present opportunity for organizing the abilities of the women of the United States. The idea is to systematize and co-ordinate the action of the many women's organizations and to concentrate them on the l~sks for which they are best suited. The war has already demonstrated that bread is as essential as bullets, and the food problem of the United Stales can be very simply solved by preventing waste in buying, preparing, cooking and serving, and by planting home gardens. Besides, women are being encouraged lo learn their husbands' business, so that when the man is called away the wife may be able lo maintain the family's economic stalus.-Maude Wetmore. World's Work The Rise of the Russian Democracy. -The early hisl~;y-of Russia was a long struggle under autocratic chiefs to establish its territorial security. In the nineteenth century the movement for liberation began. In 1861 the serfs were emancipated. In 1864 the Zemstvos, local provincial councils, were established. A long educational process followed, marked by continuous oppression on one side and occasional acts of violence on the o ther. The Duma was the next step forward-1905. The Duma and the Zemslvos kept up the educative processes, and co-operative societies grew like mushrooms, and through them the educated classes were finally able to effect a union with the peasants. The bureaucracy, in its last struggle against constitutionalism, at last in this war went to the length of treason. If the Kaiser had appointed some of the imperial ministers he. could not have chosen better men for his purpose. In this emergency the army had lo depend on the Zemslvos for its food and munitions, and when the revolution finally occurred the Zemslvos officials look charge of all the national offices.-Samuel N. Harper. The Fra Children Nowadays.-One of the illusions with which we mislead ourselves is that "this generation is a peculiar one" and that we, their parents, are inadequate to the task of solving the problems with which they a re confronted. But this is not our business. Each s et of parents are hyphena ted citizens of the age in which they are rearing their children, while the children themselves are natives. We find fault with the children- for what? For not being as old as we a re.! I offer the suggestion that our first duty is lo grasp intelligently and sympathetically our child's viewpoint of life, and not vent on them our middle-aged desire to stagnate under the belief that we are correcting them. Our children are as good and as wise as we were in childhood. Heaven knows they could no t be much worse or more foolish !-Strickland Gillilan. Scientific American The Technology of the Washroom.-A fellowship has been established a l the University of Pittsburgh lo investigate the problems of the laundry man. Soaps and cleansing solutions are being scientifically tested in order lo make the laundry superior lo home ' york not only in cleaning clothes, but also in the preservation of fabrics. The exact effect on various fibers of different processes of washing and drying are being inves tigated, and a portable chemical laborato ry arranged expressly for the laundryman's use in testing th·e material he has lo purchase. With this outfit any laundryman can become his own assayist. World's Work Labuf.- The .representatives of the o rganized labor movement have recently adopted propositions relating lo the share which wage earners should take in the war. Their work in producing material and munitions is as important as that of the soldier at the front. They should accordingly be protected as regards conditions of work and p~y. and this can only be done by giving the organized labor movement the greatest scope and opportunity for voluntary effective co-operation in · spirit and in action. Industrial justice is the right of those living in our country. 'With this right is associated obligation. In time of war this may call fo r more exacting service than the p rinciples of human welfare warrant, but this service should only be called for when the employers' profits have been limited to fixed percentages based on the cost of processes of production.. Labor further re- · quires that there is a clear differentiation between military service for the nation and police duty, and that military service· should be carefully distinguished from service in industrial disputes.-Samuel Gompers. �T h c We s t e r n Com r a de . B o o k Reviews Page twenty-one Reviews of Recent Readable Books "A German Deserter's War Experience" " A German Deserter's War Experience," now in its second printing. is the straightforward narrative of one of the many German Socialists forced to go to the trenches against his will. After fourteen months h$ deserted and succeeded in reaching America. The book surpasses even MacGill m its uncovering of the horrors of war to the ·common soldier-for this young comrade did not have to pass his manuscript through the hands of the army censor. Here we read of the wholesale shooting of officers by their own men; we see hundreds of dead thrown like cordwood to one side to make room for further advances; the trees strewn with entrails, heads, arms and legs; dead and partly dead buried, hundreds together, in big graves; see men held in subjection by cruel and brutal force of the junker class; listen to the discontr!lted mutterings of the German soldiers. When the German army was mobilized three years ago the men were ignorant, up to almost the time of the first engagement, of what country they were to fight against. " The soldier is told "The Belgian is your en· emy.' and he has to believe it. 'Never mind; shoot as we order, and do n<•t bother your head about it.' " The author was detailed to help oxecute some of the poor Belgian civilians and describes the full horror of his feelings. He tells graphically of the hand-to-hand street lighting, re· la ting in one ca~e how one German soldier bit a large piece from the face of an " enemy" and the reaction so sickened the victor that his life was ruined. While the story is mainly devoted to plain narrative, one sees much of the psychology of warfare--how the men gradually become like beast•. Trench warfare is described-body lice, head lice, rotting corpses and all. The famous Christmas interchange of greetings between the French and German soldiers was participated in by the w riter of the book, whose name is withheld for the sake of his relatives still in Germany. This soldier found the Belgian civilians at first friendly to the Germans. The German soldiers were severely punished whenever caught feeding the starving women and children or in any wa)l showing consideration for them. One of the examples of the means used to inflame the minds of the "mass butcherers" against "'the enemy" was to station guards at all wells and declare the Belgians had poisoned the waters, while the tired, hot soldiers went plodding on almost dead from thirst. At times they disregarded the soldiers stationed OJl guard and drank to their limit from the ··poisoned'' wells -v.·iJhout any damage to themselv_es. The officers seldom went into action. They withdrew to a pl~ce of safety, as a rule, leaving the men in charge of petty officials. After serving fourteen months in the war without any money, the young man obtained a furlough, only to learn that the government-owned railroad would not carry him until he was able to pay for his carfare. While the book deals with his personal experiences in the Gennan army, the author, as an anti- militarist, hates all war and his narrative is non-partisan. The little volume (which sells a t $1) is worthy of wide distribution in this hour of labor's fight. It is one of the most illuminating documents ihe war has yet pro· duced. (B. W. Huebsch, New York.) "Woman : Her Sex and Love Life" The wo rld owes a wonderful debt to Dr. William J . Robinson, "'the sane radical," for his series of books on sex, eugenics and birth control. Twenty years ago he began his crusade for a rational conception of life, and has taken the public into his confidence in his many popular books, while reaching the medical profession regularly through "'The Critic ·and Guide.'' "'Woman: Her Sex and Love Life," is the latest addition to the little library Dr. Robinson has w ritten. Having examined scores of books on the subject of sex, I have nearly always felt, when through with them, that they might just about as well never have been written, because they were so hazy and left the reader in ignorance of anything specific. There are those who imagine all evils of life due to woman; others of the Vance Thomson school who think all tha · wrong in the world sprang fwrn the male. Dr. Robinson views both xes as human beings. He doesn't attempt to make any kind of sweepin~t generalizations. His is the first book on woman from a sex standpoint that has covered the ground. There is no phase of the subject that is not taken up, and I would like to see the day when every mother would give his book to her daughter a t an early age. The nasty-minded will look in vain throughout the 400 pages for any satisfaction. The book is plain a11d common-sense, but is pure and chaste sy .o. sobspa to a degree that not even the black shade of Comstock could find an excuse to take it to court. The mission of the book is "'to ·increase the sum total of huma~ happiness." It will do this in direct ratio to its sales. 'Ihe hocus-pocus of the medicine man and pnest is dropped, and Dr. Robinson strips the element of mystery and tlie fogyism of· past generations from the subject. · Perhaps . a list of chapter captions will give some idea of the scope of the book : · The paramount need for sex knowledge for girls and women; the female sex organs: their anatomy; the physiology of the sex organs; the sex instinct; puberty; menstruation; abnormalities of menstruation; the hygiene of menstruation; fecundation or fertilization; pregnancy; the disorders of pregnancy; when to engage a physician; the size of the fetus; the afterbirth and cord; lactation ~r nursing; abortion and miscarriage; prenatal care; the menopause, or change of life; the habit of masturbation; leucorrhea, the whltes; the venereal diseases; the extent of venereal disease; gonorrhea ; vulvovaginitis in little girls; syphilis; the curability of venereal diseases; venereal prophylaxis; alcohol, sex and venera! disease ; marriage and gonorrhea ; marriage and syphilis; who may and who may not marry; birth control, or the limitation of offspring; advice to girls approaching the threshold of womanhood; advice to parents of unfo rtunate girls ; sexual relations during menstrution; sexual inter· course for propagation only; vaginismus; sterility ; the hymen: is the organ necessary for impregnation? frigidity in \vomen; advice to frigid women, particularly wives; rape; the single standard of sexual morality; difference between man's and woman's sex and love life ; maternal impressions; advice to the married and those-about to be; a rational divorce system; what is love? jealousy and how to combat it ; remedies for jealousy; concluding words. (The Critic and Guide Company, New York City.) "The Gun-Brand: A Feud of the Frozen North" "'The Gun-Brand: A Feud of the Frozen North," by J ames B. Hendryx, ought to prove a popular seller this season. It is "'snow stuff," to borrow Charlie Van LORn's movie language. "'The Promise"' and "'Connie Morgan in Alaska" acquainted the public with the powers of Mr. Hendryx as a novelist. The story is intensely interesting from the moment Chloe Elliston, ~randdaughter of old "'Tiger'' Elliston, braved the uriknown wilds of the frozen northland to found a school for the Indians, to the last page where she looks into the face of the big Scotch trader and miner and tells him something that makes further chapters unnecessary. What occurs to make this page possible will keep one sitting up late, no matter how sleepy. But there is nothing of sensationalism. The intrigues of the quarter-breed freetrader, the whiskey runners, the gun lights and the final battle between the rival outfits give scope for continuous action. Only one scene might be Questioned--the punishment of P ierre Lapierre, the bad man of the novel. With the gun sight MacNeal deliberately mutilated the face of the man. The description is vividly written. While he merited even this rmnishmenl- so far worse than death-one shudders at reading of it. n,e fierce passions of man where the elements preclude the success of the weakling, the eternal appeal of "'the love of a lass and a laddie," comhincd with a skill in narrative. make "'The Gun-Brand" one of the season's distinctive books. (G. P . Putnam's Sons, New York City.) "The Story of the Grand Canyon of Arizona" Scientc and art blend in an attractive booklet, "'The Story of the, Grand Canyon of Arizona," a popular illustrated account of its rocks and origin by H. N. Darton, geologist of the United Stales Geological Survey. The purpose of the guide "'is to point out the more important relations of the rocks and to outline their history and the conditions under which th~ canyon was developed. Care has been taken to avoid technical terms so far as possible, so that most persons should have no difficulty in understanding every part." In addition to photographs, there are maps, crou· sections and lettered views. (Fred Harvey, Kansas City, Mo.) "The Mythqlogy of All Races" The Marshall Jones Book Company, publishers of "'The Mythology of All Races," the most monumental work of its kind ever attempted, an· nounce that Professor Axel Olrick of Copenhagen, one of the most distin· ouished schola rs in the fi eld of mythology •. who was writing the volume of Eddie Mythology, died ·in Fehruary. He had practically finished his work on the book and his Scandinavian colleagues will complete his task. There are to be thirteen volumes in the completed set, each written hy the world's best authoritie$ in their respective fields. �Page twenty-two Qu 0 The Weste rn Comrad e vad is? $llllle train with Cedric, although he didn't know it, and no one saw me. I didn't mean to bother you. I didn't suppose you would ever come here, and you remember I had a key, too. men are but the garden variety. The fact that the sons of But when the children · came this afternoon I made them stay, the middle class are sinking eighty-three per cent into the for I thought maybe you would come to hunt them!" workin~ class, fourteen per ce'lt into the professional class, and She had begun bravely enough, but her voice·broke pitifully, · three per cent into the capitalist or, rather, middle class, shows and tears brimmed the 1big brown eyes as she looked at him conclusively the signs of the times. It will bring on revolution, beseechingly. What a child she was, and how like Cedric you say. Perhaps. But mob revolutions but play into the when he had been in mischief and wanted forgiveness! All hands of the Napolean. It would simply be St. Bartholomew's the man's hunger for her surged through him overwhelmingly. night for labor. The re•tolution of the proletariat would sim"You wanted me!" ply be a butcher's feast Workers can be hired, for wages. t-> The glad incredulity of his words was heartrending, and kill those who seek wages. she nodded mutely, to find herself crushed in his arms. Her So there is. then. no hope for .nankind? Yes, there are already stars in the social skies that point the answer had wiped out all differences. Nothing else mattered. Cedric drew himself up proudly as he looked at Alice. He way. Let the iconoclasts silence the argument about right or wrong, and band together, not with rifles, but with tools. Let had heard enough to know that some ceremony was necessary them play the game the capitalist plays, for their collectivity. · in a matter of this kind. Jane was largely responsible for his Let them co-operate. The hope for the present and the future knowledge of ethics, but he was sublimely sure that everything lies in industrial a nd co-operative action. It lies in adapting was coming 'right. Alice could no longer call them "queer." ourselves collectively to capitalistic requirements. It can be "I guess," he said, with adorable dignity, "that we'll get done now, here, without del ay. The world has closed the some preacher to spoil that divorce, 'cause my family seems debate on co-operation. The victory is awarded to collectiv- real crazy about each other! See! My mother is patting my ism. Competition in business has been weighed and found father's cheek! " wanting. Co-operation broods with creative force over the wreck and ruin of dying order. No longer need we argue. We must act. We must enter the field with pitchforks, not pamphlets. We must enter the diggins with spade instead of (Continued from page 17) speech. ~--~---------­ Collectivism does not come as the idealist wanted it. down to a few members, forbidding other locals to be formed Through the using of an instructed working class, it looms within its territory. The day of the troublemaker is to be less up as the result of economic pressure upon those who hold easy than of yore. Their absolute control of the party is gone the places of responsibility. forever. Another important provision is the. industrial organization of Socialists. Instead of mixed locals, it will be possible to (continued fro_~!!_~~-~ form industrial locals, composed of members of a craft or calling. There wll be nine ·industrial groups, and the state tapped her foot against the floor. "just a minute, Miss, and organizers of these groups automatically become the state I'll ask Mister Wyler if he knows anything about them." executive board. She found a haggard-faced man, with a great pile of papers The classification of members into groups is as follows: still before him. Farmers, Miners, Transportation Workers, Manufacturing "Pardon me, Mister Wyler, "but we can't find Cedric." Workers. Building Trades, Printing Trades, Housekeepers, "Er- what, Jane?" Office and Service Workers, Professional Workers. They are " We can't find Cedric," she repeated. "He and the little to be registered as such in the state office. Roberts girl. I fixed him a lunch and he told me they were It is planning to make organization as easy as possible, and going to have a picnic at the playhouse. Do you happen to to make it as difficult as possible for those enemies of the know where that is? It's getting late and we're worried." party to get in as they have in the past. Jane had never been told about the cabin, and for a moIn California everything is for progress. In California the ment Wyler did not comprehend, but suddenly he remem- Socialist party first began to deteriorate. It had gone down bered. That was what Cedric had called it on his one visit until something HAD to be done. And, when that time came. there. Hastily rising, he hurried from the house. the loyal members did it. They have forsaken tradition and ''I'll find them," he called back. have plunged forward, ready to risk making the mistake of He went down the path through the woods, now growing a wrong procedure, but enitirely unwilling to stand still an..l darker every minute, and what memories the old path brought constantly look back to the Past for guidance. back! Laura and he had spent their honeymoon days in that To stand still meant further decay. To change the o.ld little cabin. What a wonderful picnic time it had been! He method and to go onward might invite disaster, but no disaster stopped short in amazement. Even now there was a light can quite equal that of senile Elebility. twinkling at the window! Will it work? The next few months will show that. But, at He strode forward and pus pen the door, only to stop least. there is the certainty that nothing is to be lost and stupefied. there is every likelihood that much is to be gained. The There before him at the tiny table sat the two children and motto of the Socialist party was never better applied th'ln the woman who had been his wife! when applied to the Socialist party of California before the The silence was long and heavy, and she was the .first to new Constitution was adopted: "Workers of the party, unite; speak. , you have nothing to lose but your chains, you have a world "Don't scold us, please, Malcom ! I came last night on the to gain!'' (continued from page 'l> The Socialist Party--Where Is It? The Play House �The Western Comrade I r Important Notice! -1""\ Dear Comrade: It has come to our notice that enemie;" q_tJ.h{s Colony have inspired an attack that is calculated to do us considerable injury unless our installment members and correspondents are able instantly to discover the nature of the attack, and understand its real characte1 and aim. It you receive a printed circular well de~igned to cast suspicions upon the integrity of your comrades who have worked ceaselessly with honor and in good faith to make this Co-operative Colony a success, you will know that certain influences inimical to your interests and to the interests of the Colony are at work. I If you receive such a circular, please co mmunicate with us at once concerning the matter, and we will give you information covering developments in the case. This attack was timed when Comrade Harriman, found er and president of the Colony, was in New York as a delegate to the World's Peace Conference. All we have ever asked is even-handed justice and fair play. Many times we have been asked if we did not fear that our demonstration of success would bring insidious or open attacks by the agents of capitalism. Our answer has been that we are proceeding with honor and sure intent, and that we did not despair of successfully defending ourselves against any injustice. Our protest at this moment is against circulars sent out without fair and honorable in,vestigation and a hearing of our side of the case. If you have received any circular, will you not do us and yourself the justice to write us fully, to the end we may explain or aid you to dispel any doubts planted by your enemy and ours? We are making a success of a great co-operative enterprise and we shall continue it. We do not expect to do this without difficulties and, possibly, attacks. All we ask is fair play, and you can help us get it. Will you do this much for your pioneer comrades here on the front who are making a demonstration of the power of collective effort with the vit;,W that the move may spread to universal co-operation-among all men? Yours fraternally, THE BOARD OF DIF:ECTDRS. Llano del {io Company. Llano Job Printing The Llano del Rio Printing and Publishing Department io now equippe<! to handle job printing. Cards, leaRets, booklets, stationery, etc., will be handled in a satisfactory manner, and at prices which will compare more than favorably with those fo..;,d elsewhere. All work will be given the union label unless otherwise requested. Every employee is a Socialist and a union man. Tbe Llano Publications, Llano, California. What Are You Good For? Did you ever try to find out? Are you employed at work for which you are best fitted? Do you KNOW or are you GUESSING? Your children-- what will you advise them to do? The science of Character Analysis will answer the questions you have asked yourself. It is not fortune telling. It is not gu#'s work. It tells you what you are fitted for and gives you the reasol/s. It tells you why you have not succeded in what you have attempted and will show you in which lines you can hope to succeed. An analysis of yourself will cost you something and it is worth many times what it costs; but information about it-that is free. Just write: "Send me free information about Character Analysis and Vocational Fitness." Write your name and address very plainly. Send it to: P. 0. Box 153, Llano, California Reduced Freight Rates on Shipments of Household Goods from all Eutem pointa to California Members of tbe Llano del Rio Colony will find it aapecially advantageona to make their obipmenb tlarongb tbe J UDS0 N Freight Forwarding Co. 443 Marquette 640 Old South Boatmen's Bank 855 Monadnock bldg, bldg, bldg, bldg, Chicago; 324 'Wbitehall bldg, New York; Boston; 435 Oliver bldg, Pittsburg; 1537 St. Louis; 518 Central bldg, Los Angelea; San Francisco. WRITE NEAREST OffiCE. CLASSIFIED ADS Rates: ZSc a line for one inaertion; lSc a line thereafter. to tbe line. Advertising payable in advance. MIDDLE-AGED GENTLEMAN, of good morals, desires correspondence ' with womanly woman of some refinement, education and in good health, between ages of 28 to 36. No neurotic or prude. Object, matrimony. "Serious," care of this journal. "THE NEW EARTH." Ocean beds become vast fertile plaino. Earth watered from within; even deserts bloom. Deductions solidly baoed upon divine laws. Fifty cents, no stamps. Cross Publiohing Houoe, Nuevitas, Cuba. JJA FOR SALE.-BREEDING RABBITS. BELGIANS. NEW ZEALANDS. AND Flemish Giants. We can supply all aaes up to eight montha. For farther inform•tion •ddrell Rabbit Department. Llano del Rie Colofty, U ..... Cal. YOU CAN BUY TilE ll.ANO PUBUCATIONS IN SAN FRANCISCO at the People' a Library, 2079 Sutter street, and at 1350 Fillmore otreel. �.. . ~ a• • ·. ' ' " . , ve You Enrolled in .·oSubscription C ;,..;_• This is the Second Grand Membership Circulation Contest. It corntnences July 1 and finishes December 31. \. Now Is the Time to Ent ·r ...... ·! ~te at once for full information about this t portunity to earn a Jll~mbership in the Llano del Rio Co-oper~tive Colony. Nex ' nth we will be able to announce the name of the '~er of the first contest, which closed June 30. If you enter now and work steadily; you may be the winner if this contest. .r ( t ' , ~~tfere Are The Premiu~s ·'· .. ,. •'' ... . . 4 First ..·..'iile, a LLANO MEMBERSHI ~ . Seco -;' ···Prize, 500 shares Llano stocl . Third~• ~· .~ize, 200 shares Llano stock < Four frize, 100 shares Llano stock ~ 5, 6, t ~th Prizes, 50 shares each, L ~no stock ~, ) . . ' ~· Write la.t • r ·~ I -· "'''*' ·~···=r' I ~ Other Special Premiums to All Who Send in More Than 10 Subscription o~ce .. fo.r complete information, literature, rul . subscription hl!Ulb, e~ CONTEST DEPARTMENT. 't' \ - """-- \ . \ \. I;I ' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-07 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-07 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v05n03_191707 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-01 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v05n03 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 24 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Constructive Editorials by Job Harriman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/e49db68b45f5a1ffd75aff5b4d892801.pdf 701298dc908b1f7af82aad9e209f3dfb PDF Text Text I I E di t 0 r i a I s I Problem of the Boy. . ... ... .. . .. .. ....... 4 A Poem. By D. Bobspa. .................. !! May Day ... ... t. By Job Harriman . . . Pages 5, 6, 7 By Or. jol.n Dequer. Efficiency .. _.... t The ' Making Wo<od Pulp for Paper.. ................. 15 ~ J .. .. .. ..... .. .... .... .. .. . .. . 12 By L. W. :11illup, Jr. '---------....1 The Magazine of "Co-operation in Action." By Wesley Zorneo. News and Views in Agriculture ..................23 City ...................................... 14 By A. Con Ita nee Austin. By R. A. E uber. Fiction. By Ethel Winger. Forcing System in Farming........................22 ~ Socialis ~ Was Schmidt GuiltyL ............................... 16 Dearer Than Honor.. .................................. IS Co-operation the World Over.. ..................24 Reviews of Recent Readable 8ooks..........25 By D. Bobspa. First .t1lmerican Conference for Democracy and Terms of Peace . . Page 27 June 1917 10 Cents a Copy Llano's Third May Day By Robt. K. Williams . . . Pages s, 9, to �The Gateway To Freedom Through Co-operative Action T HE LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY i• located in the beautiful Antelope Valley, in the northea•t~rn part of Los Angeles County, Southern California. This plain lies between the San Gabriel spur of the Sierra M~dres on the south and the Tehachapi range on the north. The Colony is on the north slope of the San Gabriel range. It is almost midway between Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific, and Victorville, on the Santa Fe railroad. The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony is made up of persons who believe in the application of the p!"inciples of co-operation to the widest possible extent. Virtually all of the residenh are Socialists. It is a practical and cunvincing answer to those who have scoffed at Socialist principles, who have said that "it won't work," who have urged many fallacious arguments. In the three years since it was established, the Colony has demonstrated thoroughly the soundness of its plan of operation and its theory. Today it is stronger than ever before in its history. GENERAL INFORMATION The Llano del Rio Colo~y is the greatest Community enterprise ever attempted. It was founded by Job Harriman, May 1st. 1914, and is solving the problem of disempl<>yment and business failure. It offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the worker> and their families. An abundance of clear, sparkling water coming from mountain springs is sufficient to irrigate thousands of fertile acres. The climate is mild and delightful. the soil is fertile, and markets are not far distant. The Llano del Rio Colony is a horticultural, agricultural, and s tock-raising enterprise, with such manufacturing as will supply the needs of the colonists, with perhaps something to sell when the Colony has grown. It is a perfect example of Co-operation in Action. No community organized as it is, wa!'l ever established before. The purpose is to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employment for the workers; to assure safety and comfort for the future and for old age; to gua rantee education for the children in the best schools; and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. It has more than 800 residents, makin~ it the largest town in the Antelope Valley. More than 200 children attend the schools. Part of the children get meals at the school; some live at the Industrial school all the time. The Monte.. ori school is in operation, taking the children from 21/z to 6 years of age. A new school building is soon to bo built on the new townsite. The County school and the Colony Industrial school• are both in operation. The Colony owns a fine herd of 125 Jersey and Holstein cattle, I 00 head of young stock are on the range, being heifers and calves up to 2 years of age. Over I 00 head nf horses and mule•. including colts, are owned by the Colony. These, with the tractors and caterpillar engine, four trucks, and numerous autos, do the hauling and the work on the land. A recent purchase of Duroc-J ersey sows gives the Colony thirtyeight registered high-class breeding sows and two splendid boars, the nucleus of a great development along this line. Many new pens have been built. Registration will be kept up and the raising of fme hogs made one of the leading industries. There aro also some fme Berkshires, and a large number of grade sows. Much nursery stock has been planted, a vineyard of 40 acres put out, and many fruit trees set this spring. The Colony has more than 400 acres of orchards. Community gardening is successful, and an increased acr.eage will be put in each year. · The ideal is to farm on an extt"nsive scale. using all manner of efficient labor saving machinery and methods, with expert and ex· perienced men in charge of the different departments. Llano possesses more than 668 •lands of bees. They are cared for by expert bee men of long experience. Thi• department expects to have several thousand stands in a few years. The Colony has secured timber from the San Gabriel Reserve, and has a well equipped sawmill. Lumber worth $35 to $40 a thousand costs the Colony only a few dollars a thousand. Social life is delightful, baseball and football team•, dances, picnics, swimming, hunting, camping, all being popular. A band, several orchestras, a dramatic club. and other organizations assist in making the social occasions enjoyable. Alfalfa does extraordinarily well at Llano. Much has been planted and the acreage will be increased as rapidly as possible. Six good cuttings a season can be depended on. Ditches lined with cobblestone set in Llano lime, making them permanent. conserve water and insure economy. They will be built as fast as possible. A square mile has been set aside for the new city. With the sawmill running. the lime kiln producing a very superior lime, and with sand and rock abundant and adobe brick easily manufactured, the time is near when pe!Jilanent buildings will be erected on the new site. It will be a city •different in design from any other in the world, wi th houses of a distinctivelv different architecture. Houses will be comfortable, sanitary, handsome, home-like, modern, and harmonious with their surroundings. and will insure greater privacy than any other hou•e• ever constructed. They are unique and designed especially for Llano. LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS Among the industries of Llano, to which new ones are constantly being added, are: Printshop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, cleaning and dyeing, warehouse, machine shop, blacksmith •hop, rug works, planing mill, paint shop, lime kiln, saw mill, dairy, cabinet shop, nursery, alfalfa, orchards, rabbitry, gardens, hog raising. lumbering, publishing, transportation {autos, trucks, tractors), doctors' office•, woodyard, vinegar works, bakery, fish hatchery, barber shop, dairy goats, baths, swimming pool. studios, two hotels, drafting roBm, post office, commissary, camping ground, lndu•trial school. grammar school, Montessori school, commercial classes, library, women's exchange, two weekly dances, brass band, mandolin club, two orche6tras, quartets, socialist local. jeweler. T COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT HE LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY ha• a remarkable form of management that is the result of evolution. The management of the affairs of the Colony industries is in the hands of the department managers. In each department there are divisions. Over some of these divisions are foremen. All these are selected for their experience and fitness for the position. At the department meetings as many persons as can CTO\Vd m the room are alwaya pre•ent. These meetings are held regularly and they are unique in that no motions are ever made. no resolutions adopted and no minutes are kept. Tbe last action on eny matter supercedes all former action and tbis stands until the plans are chanced. The plan i• working most admirably and smoothly. At these meetings the work is discussed and planned, reports are given, teams allotted, workers are shifted to the point where the needs are grr.alest, and machinery is put on designated work. transportation is a rranged, wants are made known and hUed as nearly as possible. The board of directors, membors of which are elected by the stockholders, meets once a week and has charge of the financial and business management of the enterprise. llu~se directors are on the same basis a• all their comrades in the colony. At the general assembly all peroons over eighteen years of age, residing in the colony, have a voice and vote. M NO CONSTITUTION OR BY-LAWS ANY persons who want to know how the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community aro conducted think, in order to get this information, they must secure a copy of a constitution and by-laws. There is no constitution. The Llano Community cor.tenh itself with a " declaration of principles" which is printed below. The management of the Colony resb with the board of managen, a member of which is the superintendent and his two assistants. These managers are selected for their fitness and ability. The business and financial affairs of the enter- �prise are conducted by the board of directors who are elected by the stockholders. The corporation by-laws are the stereotyped corporation by-laws of' almost every slate. The only innovation is in the restricting of anyone f~voling more than 2000 shares of stock. regardless of how m ares are held. As this is to be mber, this is considered a strong the ultimate holding of eve protective clause. The incorporation charier is also the usual type and gives the corporation the t'ght to transact almost all manner of business. The Nevada corp ration laws are liberal. safe, and well construed. There is no disposition on the pari of state officials to interfere. I DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES N cond-Jcting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inflexible rules and regulations the greater the harmony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a set of laws the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up lo the spirit of them. The declaration follows: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over those of any individual. Liberty of action is only permissible when it does not restrict the liberty of another. Law is . a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community at large. Values created by the Community shall be vested in the Com·munity alone. The individual is not juotly entitled lo more land than is sufficient to satisfy a reasonable desire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be held by private ownership. Talent and intelligence are gifto which should rightly be used in the service of others. The development of these by education is the gift of the Community lo the individual, and the exercise of greater abili ty entitles none to the false rewards of greater possessions. but only to the joy of greater service to others. Only by identifying his intereots and pleasure• with those of others can man find real happiness. The duty of the individual lo the Community is to develop ability lo the greatest degree possible by availing himoelf of all educational facilities and to devote the whole extent of that . ability to the service of all. The duty of the Community lo the individual is to administer justice, lo eliminate greed and selfisbness, lo educate all and lo aid any in time of age or misfortune. · T LLANO OFFERS YOU ESCAPE FROM- HE electric light bill, the water bill. the doctor's bill, the drug bill. the telephone bill, the gas bill, the coal bill, the dentist's bill, tbe school book supplies bill, the sewer assessment bill, and car fare, the annoyance of the back door peddler and beggar (Henry Dubbs who think the trouble is individual hard luck), the hundred and one greater and smaller burdens on the householder, and the lean weeks caused by disemploymenl and the con · sequent fear of the future . . There is no landlord and no rent '• charged. While they are charged with living expenses, for food and cloth· ing, the colonist. never fear meeting the grocery bill, the milk, the clothing bill, the laundry bill, the butcher's bill, and other inevitable and multitudinous bills that burden the struggling workers in the outside world. For the !ax bill he has no fear. The colony officials al!end lo the details of all overhead. To colonists the amusements, sports, pastimes, dances, enler tainments and a ll educa tional facilities are free. W IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED HEN a member of the colony dies his shares and credits like any o·lher properly, go to his heirs. Only Caucasians arc admil!ed. We have had applications from Negroes, Hindus, Mongolians and Malays. The rejection of these applications is not due to race prejudice but because it is not deemed expedient to mix races in these communities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific Rail road. All household goods and other shipments should be consigned lo the name of the owner, Palmdale. California. care Llano Colony. Goods will be looked after by the colony freightman until ordered moved to Uano. All shipments should be prepaid, otherwise they cannot be moved and storage . or demurrase may be charsed. Freight transpc)rtatien between the colony and the station is by means of auto trucks. Passensers are carried in the colony's auto stages. In shipping household goods, it will be well to ship only lighter goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and heavy articles should not be shipped from points where freight rates are high. Individuals may own their own automobiles and many colonists do own them. All livestock, poultry, etc., are kept in. the departments devoted to those industries. ' The aim is to keep the residence pOrtion of the colony clean and sanitary. P SOUND FINANCING NECESSARY ERSONS cannot be ad;..itted to residence al the colony upon the payment of $10.00 or any other sum less than the ini\ial payment fee. Hundreds writ_e and suggest they be allowed to pay a small amount, or in some cases, nothing at all, then enter the colony and work out the remainder of their shares. If the colony permitted this there would soon be a hundred thou· sand applications. The money derived from these initial payments is used to pay for land, improvements, machinery, and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. It takes considerable time to bring a large agricultural undertaking to a productive point. The colony must proceed along sound financial lines in order lo continue ito present success. · This fact must be .obvious to all. The manage· ment of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unmindful of the fact that there is a numberless army thai cannot take advantage of this plan of co-operation. Many letters come in that breathe bitter and deep disappointment. No one could regret this more than we do. It is our hope that the day will come when successful co-operative groups can say lo their stripped, robbed and exploited brothers: "You who come with willing hands and understanding of comradeship and co-operation are welcome." The installment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month is proving satisfactory. On this plan .the absent comrade is providing for the future while his brothers and sisters on the land are bearing the bruni of the pioneering. Families entering the colony begin to draw from the commissary. Some of the food, all the clothing, much of the material they draw, costs money. The initial membership fee goes to offset the sup;><>rl of families until the colony shall be on a paying basis. PLAN OF ORGANIZATION Following is the plan which has proven successful: Each shareholder agrees lo buy 2,000 shares of capital stock. Each pays in cash or installments, $1,000. Each pays in labor, $1,000. Each receives a daily wage of $4.00, from which is deducted $1.00 for the s!ock he is working out. From the remainder comes his living expenses. Whatever margin he may have al(ave deduction for stock and living expenses is credited to his individual account, payable out ef the surplus profits of the enterprise. If an installment member falls ill, is disabled or disemployed, the Colony gives him every opportunity lo recover and resume payments. In no case will he be crowded. If he finds it impossible to resume payments, we will, upon request, issue stock for the full amount he has paid. This is transferable arii:l may be sold lo his best advan tage. In this we will endeavor to ~ssist wherever practicable. Corporations are not allowed by law to deal in their own stock. HOW TO JOIN Write today for an application blank, fill it oul and send together with a remittance of $10 or more lo aecure your membershi p. You can then arrange to pay $10 a month or more until you can so adjust your affairs that you can make final pay-men! and joi!l your comrades who have already borne the first brunt of pioneering. Address Communications regarding membership, general informa· lion, etc., lo the MEMBERSH IP DEPARTMENT, LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY, LLANO, CALIFORNIA Read of Llano in the LLANO COLONIST, the weekly paper telling in Jetail of what is being achieved, giving an intima te peep into the daily lives, the smaller incidents of this growing, thriving institution. Read, loo,' the WESTERN COMRADE, the illustrated monthly magazine, giVi ng more comple te articles concerning the Colony, showing pho~s illustrating its growth, etc. The editorials, and many other "'pecial features, are making it one of the leading Socialist magazines of today. For subscriptions lo the Publications, changes of address, etc., please write ' THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS LLANO, CALIFORNIA �Problem of the Boy I SEEK solution of a problem. Given Heredity plus Environment, I would plot the eccentric curve Of the unknown quantity, B-0-Y. See how the shuttles of Fate Play hide and seek In interplay Of forces varied to produce The boy. What of Heredity, The long-stretched lines Of the warp, Gift of the misty past to The boy? What of environment, The complicated maze Of the woof Potent in moulding The boy? ,... A tired mother, Working and exhausted, Pauses from her busy duties To give joyless birth to The boy. Hungry and tired, He is born into the world. The infant, Still underfed, grows i'nto The boy. Hopes and longings Burn in that abysmal home, And bright pictures of the future Steadfast beckon to The boy. School days are happy, In pite of poverty. By D. Bobspa For, toiling through the mire, Hope still rules The boy. The workshop claims him And school days are over, As Mammon's jaws open wide To receive its sacrificeThe boy. Society approves the crime (On greater profits bent), While you and I stand condemned For the murder of The boy. His Heredity: the son Of all the ages, The blood of earth's best workers Coursing the veins of The boy. His environment sordid Wove a sorry figure through The warp, giving sad answer To my problem of The boy. "Plus Environment." Here the problem, then, Must start for The saving of The boy. From to-day's environment Springs the heredity Of to-morrow That will strengthen The boy. A free earth Where mothers will be able To laugh and grow strong To endow with his birthright The boy. �C o -_o p e r a t i o n Political Action Direct Action The Western Comrade Devoted to tile Canae of tile Workers Entered as second-class matter 'November 4th, 1916, at. the post office at Uano, California, JOB HARRIMAN ~der Act of March 3, 1879. PUBLISHED EACH MONTH AT ll.A!'IO, CALIFORNIA. Mana~g Editor. ~7 FRANK E. WOLFE Editor. Subscription Rate-75c a year; Canada $1. Single Copies JOe; clubs of 4 or more (in U. S.) SOc. Combination with LLANO COLONIST $1. Publishers and others are invited to copy at will from the WESTERN COI\IRADE, but are asked to give credit. Nothing copyrighted unless so stated. In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing department may be certain that the right name is being changed. - - VOL. V. LLANO, CALIFORNIA, JUNE, 1917 Editorials A NOTHER convention is now called, to be held in New York May 30. The call is issued to Socialist, Labor, peace, religious and political organizations. Favorable response is coming in from all parts. Evidently the majority report of the Socialist convention has not become a rallying point for the American people. Many of those who signed and two of those who drafted the majority report of the Socialist party convention signed the call on the following program. This pr.oves the folly of the majority and the wisdom of the minority report: PREAMBLE.-United in our lo.ve for America we are convinced that we can best serve our country by urging upon o ur cou-ntrymen the adoption of the following program: I. PEACE.- The conference favors a speedy and universal peace in harmony with the principles outlined by the President of the United States and by Revolutionary Russia, and endorsed substantially by the Social Democratic organizations of Italy, F ranee, Germany and Austria and the liberal and democratic forces of England and other countries, namely : (a) No forcible annexation of territory. (b) No punitive indemnities. (c) Free development of all nations. We favor all steps leading to international reorganization for the •naintenance of peace based upon the principle of obligatory adjudication of disputes among nations, disarmament. neutralization of the great waterways, trading on equal terms between all nations, and protection of small nations. We urge the government of the United States immediately to announce its war aims in definite and concrele terl)ls upon the above principles and to make efforts to induce the Allied countries to make similar declarations, thus informing our public for what concrete objects they are called upon to fight and forcing a definite expression of. war aims on the part of the Central Powers. We demand that this country shall make peace the moment its announced aims shall have been achieved without waiting for the territorial ambitions of the belligerents to be realized. We further demand that it shall make no agreement with other governments limiting its power so to do or any agreement or understanding looking toward an economic war after the war. 2. DEMOCRACY.- The Conference pledges itself: ( ~) To oppose all laws for compulsory military training and serv1ce. (b) To uphold freedom of conscience and to support conscientious objectors. (c) To defend the constitutional rights of freedom of speech, press and assemblage during the war. · (d) To work for the democra tization of the diplomacy of the United States, including the principle of the referendum on declarations of war, and upon concluding alliances with foreign nations. 3. ECONOMIC POLICIES.-(a) The Conference is opposed to No.2 By Job Harriman the nullification er suspension of progressive labor legislation during the war; to the suspension or curtailment of the rights of the working class. (b) It demands that none of the revenue required for the prosecution of the war sh'all come from taxation of the necessaries of life, but that all war funds shall be raised by heavy taxation upon profits of war industries, by a heavy and progressive income tax, and by federal inheritance taxes. It is to be hoped that this convention will give issue to a constructive program. The forces of decay are already at work in the heart of capitalism. It is our mission to aid in the birth of the new order. Socialism, the legitimate child of capitalism, is struggli~g. this moment, to escape from the wo h. The thing to do during the war, is the all-important question. We cannot resist the inevitable, but we can so take advantage that our inAuence will be felt far and wide. As a program for this convention, we propose the followmg: DOMESTIC POLICY. I . The municipal, state and government ownership arid control of all natural resources and productive industries. 2 . Universal suffrage . 3. Free speech and free press. 4. Popular vote on declaration of war. 5. Conscription of all incomes and inheritances. 6. Conscription of all men and women for, industrial army. 7. Increased pay for industrial workers. 8. Institutions for the industrially i'ncapable. FOREIGN POLICY. I . Speedy a nd universal peace. 2. No indemnities. 3. No annexations. 4. No foreign alliances. 5. Complete disarmament of nations. 6. Compulsory international arbitration. 7. United States of the World and International World Parliament. 8. Open door for all nations to the sea. The new order will submerge property and elevate human- �Page six Editorial ity. In it the mountain peaks of special privilege will be leveled to equal opportunity, and the power and influence of man will depend upon his own genius and ability. The hour has come when man will be man and nothing more. This war was started by the rich. It will be ended by the poor. In the past the few could be and were inhuman to the many; in the future, the many cannot be inhuman to the few. The masses are irresistible. The arms of the world are in their hands. The governments of the world are conscripting the poor and supplying them with the machinery of war. Under the pressure of hunger, the poor will assume the control of the machinery of government. We were oppo.sed to this country entering the war. But we have entered. Now we have not power to oppose conscription, and soon the government may not have the power to resist the fruits of conscription. Commercial and financial necessity forced our government to take up arms. Efficiency will force government control of the resources and the industries. Hunger will force world peace, world disarmament, univen;al suffrage, universal labor, and the downfall of capitalism. - o -- L ITTLE do we dream of the task we have undertaken. We have assumed the responsibility of feeding, financing and manning a world-war with our base of supplies three thousand miles from the field of battle. Between the battlefield and the base of supplies lies a ravenous, insatiable ocean, fed by relentless and untiring submarines. Germany is yet the attacking party both in the East a nd in the West. Not one battle of note has yet been fought on German soil. How much more difficult it is to attack than it is to defend, the Allies will learn when they move against German forts and over German mines. Such a slaughter as has never been known will come in those days. Already 45,000,000 men have been lost, wounded and killed. Over 7,00,000 have been killed. We have sent Russia $1,000,000,000. She agrees to continue with the Allies to the end. The resources of the Allies and the Central Powers are again about equally balanced, and again will they pour their food, monty and men into the terrible vortex. Meanwhile, each nation is seizing all the means of production and is organizing all its men, women and children into a productive army. Universal suffrage is rolling like a tidal wave over all nations. With anguish of soul and a bleeding heart, the world is trampling under foot its old idols and gods, money and private property, and is creating a new god--the sacredness of human life. In the future, humanity will worship at this altar. . This altar will be completed when the crowns melt, the thrones decay, and when political suffrage and industrial armies shall have grasped the earth. The Western Comrade C ONSCRIPTION! What does it mean to the rich, and • what does il mean to the poor? Shall the rich be embalmed in their riches with the blood of the poor? Is not conscription the call of capitalism? Shall it call the worker and leave the capitalist? Shall it call man and leave capital? What is there in capital so sacred that it should not be called · to war? Sh~ll we conscript human liv~s and leave incomes and inheritances? Does the country belong to property or to people? Sha:ll property be preserved by bonded indebtedness while the people are cast into the trenches to rot? In the eyes of war and death, is one man better than another? Does not death reduce all men to a common privilege-the tomb? Why, then, shall their privileges differ in life? Conscription? Why not conscript everybody and everything? Conscript all natural resources, all industries, all capital, all incomes, and all inheritances. Conscript every human being. Everybody cannot go to war, but everybody can do some useful thing. Separate the rich from their wealth and make people of them. Unite the people in a common life, in a life of mutual interest, and use the power of wealth to protect that life- and war will be no more. War is born out of the struggle for wealth, and not out of the hatred of men. Conscription of everybody and everything is the highway to an early peace and an enduring civilization. -o-- T HEY tell us that we are in war. And, sure enough, we are. But how did it happen? Who is responsible? Are we quite sure that anybody is responsible? Does not the majority report of the late Socialist convention state that the war in Europe was "the logical outcome of the competitivecapitalist system"? And that "the forces of capitalism are of this even more hideously transparent in the war country"? Nobody, but EVERYBODY, who approves and supports the capitalist system, is responsible. The blood of the nations is upon every hand. -o- M EN, money and food- these are the three necessities for a successful war. Volunteer for certain death? The volunteer candidates for that country whence no traveler returns are few. No men, no army; no army, no war. But we are in war; hence CONSCRIPTION of men. A liberty loan to the already bankrupt and defeated allied nations from which no interest or principal may return? As well expect a miser to feed a missionary as a banker to back ·a broken reed. No money, no munitions; no munitions, no �The Western Comrade Editorial war! But we are in war; hence CONSCRIPTION of money. At least, this war will bring money down to a level with humanity. Plenty of food and low prices, when the world wolf is howling at our doors? As well expect a gourmand to dine on delicacies as a capitalist system to glut its larder or check its greed. High prices: intense activity. But high prices will absorb the money. No money: no munitions. Low prices, sluggish activity; sluggish activity, no food; no food, no war. But we are in war; hence CONSCRIPTION of productive resources. Conscription of all productive resources! Conscription of all men to operate the resources! Conscription of all money for whatsoever purpose! This is the only road to a successful war, and to an early and lasting peace. -o-APITALISM i; a monster. It is reeking with human gore. It is an all-devou ring cannibal. It devours the poor, builds gove rnments of their blood, and then devours the governments. It develops greed for power in the hearts of men, and crushes them with that power. It decays the hearts and souls of men, and dest roys them because they have not love. It is a sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal that resounds the world around. Whosoever follows it will perish by its hand. It is a serpent with a fang for every heart. Whosoever yields to its alluring promises will be crushed in its coils. The pathways it makes lead fin ally to the trenches, to a decaying mass, a putrid tomb. -o-HE May Western Comrade pointed out the danger of the majority report of the St. Louis convention. Events have justified the prophecy. Not alone the danger to the party- though that is great enough. It is the da nger to the members of the party who try to carry out the admonition of the party press and the pa rty leaders to distribute generally the majority report of the convention. The May Comrade pointed out that the majority report could easily be construed by government officials as being seditious. The "Milwaukee Leader" of May 19 carnes the news of the first fruits of this campaign of distribution of the majority report. United States authorities raided the headquarters of the Socia~ist Party of Indiana and seized all literature bearing on war. The raid is thought to be directly traceable to a speech made in the United States Senate by Senator Husting, of Wisconsi·n. Senator Husting attacked the majority report on war and militarism. Socialists must remember that today their rights only exist as official interpretation permits. Despotic powers have C T Page seven been granted or have been usurped by over-zealous officials. lhat the persons who formed the St. Louis convention were i'ndiscreet or that their judgment was not good h~s no bearing on the case. But that innocent and energetic Socialists, hating war and the over-riding of liberty and rights: should distribute this Majority Report is the concern of every Socialist. Party members have been urged by those in whom they have the utmost faith and confidence to give the greatest possible circulation to the St. Louis majority report. Without meaning to do so, those who drafted the report are plotting the downfall of their comrades. What has happened at Indianapolis may happen anywhere. Public officials are empowered to stamp out anything they may deem treasonable. The public mind is inflamed. The majority report contains statements that may easily be interpreted as seditious. Every Socialist who distributes this literature may subject himself to the charge of treason. Under date of May 25, Thornas W. Williams, State Secretary of the Socialist Party of California, writes: "I have been notified by the United States Disbict Attorney's office of Southern California that the circulation of the Majority Report is in contravention of recent Congressional action and that the same would not be admissible to the mails or for general circulatio.n." Not to oppose what we cannot help and what it is too late to prevent, but to make the most of the opportunity for educating the people to the advantages of co-operation-this is the course that can be pursued profitably by Socialists. The war is not of our making, but we can take advantage of the opportunity it presents to push our propaganda and hasten the day of the coming of Socialism. N -o-- OW comes a long line of editorials in the daily press, backed by "influential citizens," demanding that gambling m foodstuffs be "prohibited during the war. Is it wrong. then, to gamble in food in time of war and right in time of peace? Is it possible that influential citizens do not use their consciences in time of peace, reserving them for action in time of war only? When hunger strikes society above the belt in the region of the aristocracy, it seems to awaken "public conscience. Conscience becomes terribly rusty when it is so long between wars. How freaky a rusty consci'ence is, anyway! Saving food to feed men to kill other men is a freak of conscience that passeth all understanding. Wheh gambling in food raises prices in times of peace until the poor are hungry, it is proof positive that the poor are shiftless and indolent and should .work longer hours. But if prices rise in time of war until they annoyingly reach the rich, then gambling is a "crime against God and man!" How fortunate it is fo r this poor world that the rich are blessed with a keen conscience! �.. Page eight Llano·'S Alooat Llaao Third M~y ~AY DAY dawned serene and brighl A spirit of anticipation seemed to pervade the atmosphere. For weeks May Day had been talked of and elaborate preparations had been made. Visitors from many parts of the state and from surrounding states had come to spend May Day in Llano. Members not fully paid, and others, visited the U>lony for the first time and to enjoy the festivities of the day. The first event of the day was the Pioneers' Parade. The first comers to the Colony, with single team and one lone cow in the rear, trudged along, representing the full quota of colonists and visible possessions of the Llano del Rio Colony in 1914. Following the first pioheers came quite a procession of arrivals of the year 1915. The line was headed, of course, by the founder, Comrade Job Harriman, and as many others of the original board of directors as were in the Colony for the celebration . Cheers greeted the members of 1914 a.td M Athletics at Llano on May Day, when a number of Llano athletes made excellent records in outdoor sports 1915 as they passed in review. Something seemed to rise in the throats of many as memories of the past surged up while they waited the procession. A tremendously affecting thing it is to witness a large body of people doing the same rhing at the same time. When one realizes what this group of people are in Llano for, and what the trudging group meant, a vision overcoming the hardships of the past compensates for everything. After all, it's the spirit that counts. Athletics were held on the open road and some commendable performances were' recorded. The standing jump, the mile run, the broad jump and several other events were of unusual record. One of the pathetic things of life is to witnes "old timers" attempt to come back. Age creeps on us slowly and unconsciously. providing one is healthy, that waning power is not suspected untit the reserve is drawn upon, nd ageing muscles and reserve fail to n:spond. Some of us who prided ourselves on our abilitY. to jump and do other feats of strength, agility and endurance, discover that in the mad r ce for something to eat we have neglected to store ture's power, and when a test came we hit the gyound like a frog loaded with too many ;oolly worms. The 'Westen Comrade Day By Robert K. Williams For fear people may not know to whom I refer, and think it is they that are referred to, I will state that one of my greatest joys was to out-jump the other fellow. I'm afraid to mention how far I used to jump, but of course it was some jump. When I stood on the jumping board and looked at the best mark I mentally commented on the lack of spring in the other fellow. But, but-when I jumped! It was no less a mental shock than a bodily one to discover that four or five feet had been extracted from my record. However, one bright spot remains. I beat one fellow, and it happended to be Assistant Superintendent Kilmer. Athletics continued during a great part of the day, and the results are recorded elsewhere in the LLANO COLONIST, and right proud will these vigorous fellows be in after years (when our publications will run a column "Forty Years Ago Today") when they discover some May Day their names shining forth as stars of ancient magnitude. Perhaps forty years from now they can sympathize, and appreciate my state of feelings now. The crowd congregated within the spacious hall to hear the speeches of the day. The hall was filled, as is usual, to overflowing. Dr. John Dequer was the first speaker on the list. His subject was "The Significance of May Day." Dr. John is an eloquent speaker, and it would be embarrassing to him for me to tell what other people said about his speech, but really it was inspiring, and the marvel to me is where the deuce he learned all the stuff he told us, and how he ever acquired the m~llifluous flow of language. I know lots of people twice as old as he is who don't know a quarter as much. He touched lightly on the past and builded on the future. He told of the solidarity of labor and what May Day meant and would continue to mean. His remarks were highly appreciated, and prepared the audience to hear Comrade W. A. Engle tell of the origin and history of the flag, what it stood for and what it should stand for. Comrade Engle has been with the Llano movement since its inception and has been a close student of its affairs, being one of the board. He has also been identified with the labor movement for years. Being a public speaker, he acquainted himself with the lore of the past and interested the large group with his intimate knowledge of the flags of the ancients. Comrade Job Harriman, the president of the company and founder of the institution, arose amid applause and remarked that, as the other speakers had gone into past and future, he would confine himself to the present and tell of the things done and doing. He gave a brief history of the Colony and interested many newcomers and inspired them with an even greater hope. Comrade Harriman has the happy faculty of making things plain. Members arrive so frequently that much of the history of the U>lony is a closed book, and an occasional rehearsinp; of the past keeps clear the difficulties overcome and the plans entertained for the future. When ~hese wonderful speeches were going on I regretted that I didn't have a Memory as perm:tnent and relentive as a phonogyaph record. I am sorry that it is impossible to repeat what was said, or to convey to you the mannerisnu, the tones u~ed and the spirit that ebbed and flowed like a wave, as the speakers played up and down the gamut of human emotion&. As the years pass, and the trials of the present become a thin?; of h istoric and pleasant memory, those of us that were perinitted to hear these men will remember, · and alWays with a comparison in mind. You·ve always noticed that things of �The Western Comrade Ab .. at Llaao yesterday were better than those of today. I -used to have a pepper-anckalt suit that my sister gave to the missiona~es •• which was the best suit of clothes I ever owned. No tailor ever made such a good suit since. It's just the same with the buckwheat cakes that Mother used to make. Llano of May Day, 191 7, will linger as a pleasant memory and no May Day can ever again compare, no matter how big or how impressive the following ceremonies will be. The first cow, of tender memory, which the Colony owned is now spoken of with reverence and adulation. Ancestor worship is easy of explanation when one looks at things in the light of passing events. At the conclusion of Comrade Harriman's spech the crowd repaired to the grove north of the hotel and formed themselves in lines to be served at the two places of refreshment with barbecued meat and other eatables. Two converging lines of people, each almost ten rods in length, filed past the serving tables until after three o'clock. Colonists and visitors all enjoyed the barbecue. The Maypole dance, which was to be given in front of the hotel, was transferred to the east side on accout of the west wind, which made graceful dancing difficult. The girls deserve great credit for the performance, which was_witnessed by a large circle of attentive lookers-on. In the evening, promptly at 7: 30-Liano time-the Llano Dramatic Company offered its special program-the farce com· edy, "The Mishaps of Minerva"-prepared for May Day. Arrangements were made for a two-night stand, as the Assembly Hall does not accomodate all who wish to attend, and there were a hundred visitors in Llano for May Day. So it was decided to repeat the show on Wednesday night and visitors were given first rights on Tuesday night, the hall being well filled on both nights, with ushers and doorkeepers handling the big crowds. The performance was so well given that it has since been decided to offer it in the small towns of the valley. With twelve amateur but well-trained actors in the cast, with the Llano orchestra, with the stage lighted by electricity generated by a steam engine rebuilt in Llano, the wiring and installation done by Llano electricians and helpers, the stage built by Llano carpenters, and the scenery arranged and painted by Llano talent, the show could well be called a "home production." The play was a two-act production, and the performers had their parts so well that interest never flagged for a moment. It was well handled throughout and made a decided hit. The day finally concluded with the dance, the hall being even more crowded with visitors and home people. Everyone had a good time, and the third May Day celebration was voted a ~~:realer success than any of the preceding ones. There's a description of the May Day events and, after glancing at it, I find it totally inadequate to express just exactly what was put into the day. While we all enjoyed the parade, the athletics, the addresses, the barbecue, the dance, yet there is something more about the whole affair that is clear out of reach. I can't express it. No use of me trying, and I don't believe any one else can do full justice to the day. There's a something about May Day that feels like a Fourth of july, a Thanksgiving and a Christmas. The dearth and chill sometimes nere and there, a sadness of joys and sorrows experienced, and hopes and resolutions for the future of New Years, are all combined in this d ::\y. When looking at the track events, it is not merely a competitor we see; it is not the paraders in the march we see when we see the winding cortege. It's something else. It's the spirit that we feel, the something intang~ble that weaves the universe about and binds human Scenes at the barbecue on May Day, showing dinero lining up at the serving stands; bottom, barbecuing the meat. hearts and purposes human minds to a goal far beyond. No use talking, there is a spirit in Llano that is unusuaL There is a community of interest that binds, and it is not entirely economics. Powerful though the urge of economics is, yet life is a hopeless morass without the sweet interchange of human affection. Dollars and property cannot take the place of heart throbs, and no callous connection of gold ever ties a knot that holds. Llano, indeed, stands for something e.Jse, quite somethins �Page ten Aboat Llaao else, than dollars and property and possessions. Dollars and property a nd rights and titles are absolutely necessary for the permanence of our existence, yet if we traded entirely alone on this our movement would fail, and our living out here on these pleasant slopes would be in vain. The story of Llano_must be told over and over again. Each month sees new readers of our iiterature, and perhaps for the first time in their lives a hope is thereby instilled. The unfortunate part .of it, however, is that many people read their hopes into the lines. c am trying to reach the great mass of people who have just heard of us but are not acquainted with our movement, and make them see conditions as they exist. But it's impossible. One man left a note fqr me when he left for hi.s home back East to "enter the treadmill," as he expressed it, saying that the literature of Llano did not half express the spirit or tell of the things done or the potentialities. This made me feel good. Therefore it was some shock to listen to a gentleman from the southern part of the state say: "I am very much surprised. You haven't got anything done that I can see. Three years' work! You haven't accomplished very much." Recently I met a man who lives fifteen miles from here. He was here the first few months of the Colony's struggles. He told me that he was astonished beyond measure at the development shown. Really he ought to know what he's talking about, for he has 160 acres and has but thirty cleared, while our clearing runs into the hundreds. Another neighbor re·marked that we surely had done a lot in three years. He said he hadn't done very much in that time. A woman told me the other day that she would die if she had to stay here a month. Another woman, who went in the same party over the ranch, said upon returning that she thought this was the greatest place on earth and was going to return here as quickly as possible. The Colony is big enough and strong enough to stand up under most any strain and can stand knocks as well as boosts. While knocks and unpleasant things are not delightful, yet they come with a certain welcome and helpfulness, for it keep> us from getting overenthusiastic. As for myself, I am enthusiastic over the future and present possibilities of Llano. There are others here who are not as enthusiastic as I. There's a reason, of course. There's a reason for most things. In the early struggles of any enterprise every one cannot be expected to be happy and contented. Our housing is not and has not been what we want. It's the hope of better housing that keeps many of us enthused. Anyway people are not constituted alike. I can eat most things. Some are not so fortunate, and consequently marvel at my internal arrangement. It just happens so, and I take no credit for anything. If we have starch, I eat it. If we have something else, I eat that also, and say little about it. I was in the commissary a few days ago and heard a woman give an order for lard. We didn't have any. She wanted to know how beans could be made palatable without fat pork. This question disturbed her very much. It wasn't my problem, so I could look on with amused tolerance. There are some who eat to live and while eating live in the future. Some of us live . right ·now, every minute, and the big problem presents itself three times a day. A man came with his family, and returned to the city because-he co.u ldn't obtain eggs and cream at all meals. So what is one's problem is of no moment to another, but perhaps that other has a hobby on something else and is as offensive as possible while dilating on his own likes and dislikes. Hope is a tremendous lever to raise oneself above the an- The Weatern Comrade noyances of life. One of the hard jobs is to create something out of nothing. Few ever succeed at it. Llano comes nearer succeeding at this particular job than anywhere else, at least in this county. We started with nothing, and worse than nothing-we were thousands and thousands in debt, with an organized world against us. We have lived and grown, perhaps not fat; at any rate we have lived. The struggles have been hard. We had to lind men-men of tact and managing ability, and men With vision. They are here, lots and lots of them, and more will come. But, please, please, do not think Llano is a ready~made heaven. It is not. There is work to do. Every one with the intelligence · of a mosquito knows that labor produces everything, and if they know and realize it, they should know that all good things come to those who labor for themselves. Llano is set in the midst of competition and it is still an unexplained group. Under capitalism and while working for the other fellow, it is generally known that the results of one's labor goes, in most part, to the owner of the job. Here it is not so. The results of labor in Llano, so long as it is productive and constructive, go to the mass as a whole, and, in proportion, to oneself. This is true. Once the labor here gets on a self-supporting basis, the division of the proceeds will not go to any small group, but to the group as a whole. So far as I can see, the future of Llano lies in tlie soil and its allied industries. I mean by this, farming and cattle or live stock. There are many industries that will grow out of Llano and be self-supporting as a separate entity, but the success of tfie whole enterprise depends on land and water. The land is here, as is well known; the water is here, too, not merely according to my judgment, but according to the experienced judgment of engineers. A visit to the fountain head of the supply of water awakes a new hope in the breast of most experienced men. However, this is not universally so. A man came here not long ago who lived on the bank of a broad river. He said we had no water. Of course not, in comparison with the vast stream he was accustomed to. A girl about thirty-two, I should judge, told me she was accustomed to all the luxuries of the land. I was abashed. I felt for a moment as if I was in the presence of greatness, and even yet when I am close to a great man or woman I shiver, so I shiveringly asked her what particular branch of business, if she had one, she followed. She proudly said she worked as a domestic in the homes of the rich, and therefore the larders were always open to her. Llano held no attractions for her, and she left to seek her vision in the palaces of the great overlords. The above divergence is to show you that Llano is impractical and hopeless to some, and a wonderfully real and hopeful theme to another. How do you account for it? A half-dozen people sit down at the same table and eat the same thing~. anrl three get sick. Why? Every school of healing will answer that question differently. How, then, can Llano be made a place of satisfaction to every one? Some have left Llano, and more will go, but many more will come. Those who remain will be the inheritors of the labors of the past. The world is not quite old enough to inculcate the lessons of co-operation sufficiently to make a deep and lasting impression. However, the earth is being driven to lt. The great war is setting the pace, and ooganization and co-operation is now almost worldwide, although the products are not distributed on an organized basis as yet. However, there's hope of this, and the sooner every one realizes the necessity of getting together the quicker will _the great food and economical problems be worked out. - �The Western MJ M Comrade About Llano May D~y AY DAY is of all days a day of joy in every country not stricken by the grim hand of war. In time of peace May Day is a festival sacred to Labor throughout the civilized world. May Day, the day of flowers, love and song. May Day, the day when the land man sees the growing grain present its promise of a life-giving harvest. May Day embodies the spirit of hope for the year. And in working-class circles it embodies the ideal of emancipation from economic slavery. It 1s. a day sacred to the hope preached by the prophets and teachers of the race. It promises to the world that out of the seed of Labor Martyrdom shall >arne day spring a harvest of justice, truth and righteousness. The blossoming trees, the flowering shrub, the waving grass, the singing bird with love pain vibrating in its little heart as it sits swinging by the nest of its mate, hoping for the safety of the brood that is to be, proclaim the natural world filled with the creative passion, proclaim the love hour of Nature. The flowers in color, the birds in song, the beasts in their noblest bearing, rejoice to-day. All Nature shouts the onward march of life. May Day, the day of life triumphant for man and beast. Nature as such knows neither war or peace. Only mankind, with their artificial society, have strangled love and enthroned hate among themselves. fhey have crushed the heart to make room for the brain. They have killed the heart to exalt the Aesh. Civilization based on class government has opened the pit of Gehenna and let destruction loose in the world. Throughout the world of Nature there is always struggle a nd death between species. Joy for one is often brought with pain for others.< Still much of life's span is but love's sweet agony. It rewards itself in the new life born. It gives us the joyous lamb at play. It gives us the yellow-mouthed nestlings on their bed of down. It gives the calf and the colt, trotting by their mothers' side. True, they were born in agony, but they live in joy. A joy to. themselves and the being that bor~ them. They· live true to the law that all reach a heaven of happiness through the reefs and shoals of pain. We win the joy of rest only as a reward for struggle. The hawk still preys on the dove only to lay it at the feet of its young. The wolf still slays the sheep to feed her cubs. The cougar purrs with delight over the carcass of a fawn. All Nature is still "red in claw and fang." The love passion is seen only in the species, but not between the species. Here man is an exception. Civilization has given him power and knowledge; it has robbed him of justice and fellowship. The natural world slays alien species for food. Man walks to the goal of his ambition on carpets of kindred flesh. "Yet I doubt not through the ages One eternal purpose runs, And the thoughts of men are widened With the process of the suns!" These cruel, hea rtless, soulless, hypocritical conflicts, who knows but they may be the birth pains of a new social organon that shall be as beautiful and just as the present is erful and cruel? Who knows but that with the death of mgs, the fall of thrones, the bankruptcy of treasuries, with the ruin of the commissary of the world, will come a new era fathered by necessity and mothered by love? But our hopes do not alter the realities of the present situation. Our hopes do not silence the guns. Our hopes do not break the bayonets. Our hopes do not extinguish the bombs. Our hopes do not take the man from the ammunition and return him to the plow. Page eleven By D r. J o h n D e que r Our hopes do not stem the crimson tide that stains a thousand fields. Our hopes are as vain as our prayers, unless th~y stimulate us to action. Unless hoping leads to doing, our hopes are of no avail. Labor and love are the redemption and the resurrection; work and wisdom the portals of salvation for mat~kind. To do the social deeds will ere long not be a venture, but a necessity. To care for the broken, the halt and the blind made by war wiU become a universal duty. Love divorced from charity, kindness purified by knowledge, humanity compelled by circumstances, will lay the foundation for a new earth. And when the new earth is won, heaven will be gained. After this war will be the resurrection. Not the theological resurrection of dead men, but the spiritual resurrection of dead virtues. justice. equality and brotherhood will rise as from the tombs. After this war the world will be redeemed from the threefold curse of interest, rent and profit. After this war we shall see the salvation born of production for human needs. We shall be saved from the destruction born of avarice and greed. When the smoke has cleared and · the passion died away mankind will celebrate a glorious May Day in a new era-an era where the self shall feel its dependence on the whole. We shall celebrate a May Day of Nature, taking our children to our hearts, instead of to the recruiting stations. We will celebrate a May Day by beating our guns into tractors and our shells into reapers. We shall celebrate a May Day throughout the world as we celebrate it here lo-day. There is something almost prophetic in the birth of Uano. It i~ more than mere circumstance. Less than four months before the outbreak of the war the foundation of Llano was laid. The first successful co-operative colony was started. Like John of old crying in the wilderness, "Make straight the paths of the Lord," so Llano cried from her nest in the desert "Co-operate and live." While the battle raged from Lieg~ to Arras, while blood flowed from Riga in Europe to Bagdad in Asia, while hell's grim fury grasped all the Old World, Llano, small and insignificant, cried ii:s message of peace and·· union to a bewildered world. She labored to change the dust of the deiert into gardens of grain. · She battled with the rocks and thorns of Nature and of ignorance. Her literature went out into the highways and byways, into the fields and hedges. She drew the mind from scenes of _blood to scenes of peace. Many came and stayed to fight With us. Some went back to the jobs and bosses of c~pitalism .. To-day _we celebrate a vidory-a victory not without pam, but wtthout blood; a victory not counted in ?ead a_nd wounded, but in fields and orchards, in herds and mdustnes. We celebrate a victory of co-operative achievements, won against capitalism outside and ignorance inside and wilderness under foot. We are battling to win the state of California to our ideals. We seek to conquer the world. The Angel of Co-operation has come to redeem us from chaos ~ecessity. the great transformer of men and institutions sen~ ?er.. She broods with gentle ardor over a self-sick worli She mspnes new . motives, erects new standards. Through the :vrec~ ~nd rutn o~ t~e old she moves, breathing hope, inspirmg VISion and pomtmg the way. Withou~ ~er presence Llano would be impossible; without h~r benedtchon upo~ the efforts of our brains and hands, mankmd would destroy Itself. Co-operation is the life and resurrection of the human race. �.,_ Page twelve IDliD D Mecloaaics E-fficiency The Western Co,;.rade By L. W. Millsap, Jr. you ever meet this popular will-o'-the-wisp? If tomorrow's conditions and our work becomes only relative to so, you are a very fortunate person, because striving surrounding conditions. Conditions set our standard and conditions change this standfor efficiency is like chasing a rainbow. By the time you have painfully arrived at the place where it was ard from day to day. If we reach our stan.d ard on the day when you started after it, it has danced merrily on ahead, it is set by conditions we work at one hundred per cent efficiency. If we reach it a week later when new standards have leaving you to still struggle onward. · This term has become very popular in the last few years been set, our percentag~ is very low, and so the will-o'-the-wisp and is handed about as cheerfully and carelessly as a new becko11s us on. Think of ' the change of the standards in transportati~n. slang phrase is by a bunch of rah! -rah! boys, and a person who cannot put "efficiency," "psychology" and "submarine" all First we walked. It was the best, easiest and quickest way to get somewhere. Then we forced another huinto the same sentence gets a quiet look of man being to carry us. Then we devised pity from his or her companions. a seat that could be ·carried by two individuIt was the man in overalls, with greasy als. Then we put wheels on this seat and hands, with black finger-marks on his face, dispensed with one individual. Then we put with his back covered with dust and his an animal in the place of the human being. pockets sagging with monkey wrenches and Next we put an engin~ in place of the animal. other miscellaneous hardware from crooked Then we made the seat larger and carried a wires to crank shafts, that put this term into number of people. Then we the spotlight and made it popmade the engine smaller and ular. still hauled the same load. Efficiency is the accomThen we laid rails to run it plishment of results in the on and lessened the time and best, easiest and quickest way. energy ; and so on ad infinNow it is a fact that the huitum. The canoe, the steamman brain is stimulated to acboat, the ocean liner. The tion by watching the operabicycle, the automobile. The tion of mechanical devices. balloon, the airplane. It is also nearly always necesEvery change made it necsary to use mechanical deessary for manufacturing vices when efforts are made to methods, habits and knowlaccomplish results in better, edge to also change, and eveasier and quicker ways. On ery little change anywhere in account of this fact it is the whole industrial fabric habitual for mechanics, as a was felt eventually through rule, to be on the lookout for the whole mass. better methods to estimate the Confusion? Yes. What of possibility of satisfying the it? If it is incident to growth, well need and to devise methods for the acand good; if it is not, there is no efficomplishment of the end in question. ciency. Efficiency lessens confusion, He has talked about it so much and ·,. change of conditions makes confusion has shown such marvelous results that in related things because it sets new the rest of the world has taken the cue standards. The valuable fact is this: and tQday we see in every line of activity time, energy and money devoted Athletics formed one of the chief allactions on May the confusion it creates is temporary, Day. Below is one of the serivng stands. while the lessening of confusion that it to the discovery of better, easier and makes possible is permanent. quicker ways of obtaining the desirable Let us take a concrete example and analyze it. Suppose things of life. Like other good things, man will misuse efficiency . first and injure himself with it, then, having acquired a man starts manufacturing an article in a small, one-room experience, he will make proper use of it. In fad, he is shop, and this grows into a big factory. He adds one machine going through that process now. He started out to get the at a time and one building at a time until his plant covers desirable things of life in the best, quickest and easiest way, several blocks. At every step he ·has aimed to take the best, easiest and but he has become so ·interested in the best, easiest and quickest way· that he has lost sight of the. fact that it was only quickest way, but the chances are strong that he took the desirable things that he was after, and the present time finds easiest and quickest way, and gave little thought about whether him pulling down on his defenseless head an avalanche of it was the best ultimately. Finally he realizes that something very undesirable things, and doing it in the best, easiest and is wrong. He is not getting the results, so he analyses the quickest way. situation and he may find something like this: His raw material Meanwhile he is making discoveries and at the same time is delivered on one side of the plant while the first process the will-o'-the-wisp is dancing along ahead, always out of takes place on the other side. The processes carry the reach. .The bes't , easiest, and quickest way under yesterday's material from one detached building to another till the last conditions becomes the worst, hardest and slowest way under process finds it at a point clear across the yard from where it ~ �The Western Comrade Mecltanica Page thirteen Part of the May Day crowd in line before the serving stands in the orchard. must be delivered to the cars in a finished state. It has taken time, energy and money to , transport material across those yards three times when once would have been much better, had the machinery been laid out in the proper order. There is no cure but to shut down, move all his buildings, change the location of all his processes, and place them so that the raw material is delivered at the closest possible point to the first process, from which it travels the least possible distance to the next process, etc., until when the last process is completed it is found at the closest possible point to the place from which it may be shipped. This is called "straight-line production." It causes temporary confusion to plan the route for the material in process, and then to move all the buildings and machinery to their places, in conformity with the proper consecutive order, but once it is done, less energy, time and money are required from that time on. Llano has grown to the point where straight-line production must be planned and established in a number of places to prevent extravagant expenditure of time, energy and money, and, while the old way was the best under the conditions that developed it, a new standard must be set, and we hope to soon have some good examples of straight-line production. Another modern efficiency measure is called "division of labor." Let us suppose that the labor question is repairing bicycles. In a shop where jobs are few one man must be able to do everything. He receives work, fixes tires, makes adjustments, does brazing and keeps books, or more often does not keep them. His business increases and he hires men . They all do as he does; that is, they do anything that is necessary on the job in hand. When his business grows to the point where five men are employed he realizes that something is wrong. He is losing, the men are dissatisfied, and he does not know why. Then he analyzes his trouble and makes a discovery. Two men wish to use the same bench at the same time and there is a local conflict of interest. One sharpens a tool for his purpose and thereby spoils it for his fellow worker. One estimates the price on a certain job and another estimates a different price on the same job, and there is endless conflict and loss. So after some study he changes his whole plan. He selects the best fitted man and lets him meet customers, and receive and deliver work. Another man is given a bench to himself and tools for the purpose, and he opens up the trouble and prepares the job for a more skilful man to finish. Another is given all the rubber equipment and he fixes all the tires. Another does assembling and makes all line adjustments while the fifth does brazing and heavier work. From that moment on there is no conflict, the men discover better methods of doing the tasks in their division, a spirit of team work develops and the whole organization radiates success and grows. Over 1000 people were present. These two examples will suffice to indicate methods. Besides these there are "quantity production," "standardization," "simplification of process," "working to schedule," "motion study," "scientific employment," and dozens of other efficiency measures that are employed in modern industry. As long as these are used to obtain desirable things and work to the advantage of all, everything is well, but when they are used foi purely selfish purposes Nature asserts herself and the punishment is speedy and certain. As Llano grows it is the hope of all that these methods will be established as rapidly as circumstances will permit, and, as all efforts will be directed to make them function for the benefit of all, it is easy to imagine how rapidly the will-o'the-wisp will dance ahead and beckon us on into new fields of endeavor. With light hearts we will follow as Nature intended that we should. A Social Puzzle S OCIETY sat musing, very sad, Upon her people's conduct, which was bad. Said she, "I can't imagine why they sin, With all the education . I put in! For instance, why so many maimed and sick After their schooling in arithmetic? Why should they cheat each other beyond telling When they are so well grounded in good spelling? They learned geography by land and tribe, And yet my statesmen can't refuse a bribe! Ought not a thorough knowledge of old Greek To lead to that wide peace the nations seek? And grammar! With their grammar understood, Why should they still shed one another's blood? Then, lest these ounces of prevention fail, I've pounds a nd tons of cure--of no avail. I punish terribly- and I have causeWhen they so sin aginst my righteous laws." "Of grammar?" I enquired. She looked perplexed. "For errors in their spelling?" She grew vexed. "Failure in mathematics?" "You young fool r" She said, "The law don't meddle wi'th the school. I teach with care and cost, but never ask What conduct follows from the early task. My punishment- with all the law's wide reachIs in the lines I don't pretend to teach!" I meditated. Does one plant him corn,Then rage because no oranges are born? -C. P. Gilman in "The Forerunner." �Page fourteen Art The Socialist City ~EVICES for minimizing the labor of housekeeping are D I an important part of the general conception of the I ~ I So~ialist city. The fri-ghtfully . wa~teful process by ___=_j whtch women throw away theu time and strength and money in a continuous struggle to deal with a ridicl!lously haphazard equipment in the ordinary home is one of the great and useless extravagances of the present system. In our model city modern schools, with their athletics and supervised playgrounds, will relieve the mother of all duties except the purely maternal ones of loving counsel, comfort and never-failing refuge in the stress of human failings and disasters. The central kitchens will remove the hatefully monotonous drudgery of cooking three meals a day, three hundred and sixty-five days in the year, and washing the dishes. A few improvements, such as stationary tubs, are in general use in the better class of homes in many progressive communities. It ought to be a penal offense not to have stationary tubs in dwelling houses, just as it is to have anything but sanitary plumbing. How many women have I seen bringing on permanent internal disorders by trying to lift the ordinary galvanized iron tub! However, it is a fact that a- very small percentage of homes have these modern conveniences as yet. In our city the stationary tubs will not be important, as the people will own the central laundry and will be able to administer it so that their effects will not be damaged by carelessness. rough work and chemicals. It may be desirable to put a small outfit in one of the hJof bathrooms, so that particular people can "do up" a few delicate articles when necessary, and hang them up on the roof, where they will get the benefit of the full blaze of the sun and will not be a disturbing element in the neighbors' view, as the roof balustrades and pergola will provide seclusion even on the outdoor second story. Electricity will contribute its thousand conveniences- lighting, heating, power for vacuum-cleaning and sewing machines, egg-beaters, irons and who knows what devices the morrow may bring forth in this age of miracles. "Built-in" furniture solves the problem of unnecessary labor. Cleaning under heavy furniture has always been an element of danger for the frailer class of women and a temptation for neglect by the careless housewife. Beds that can be swung this way or that with a touch, and bookcases and sideboards that are part of the wall finish, all mean economy of strength and time and the achieving of real sanitary conditions. In the good old times the more difficult details of cle:tning were often deferred by a desperately overworked housewife to a semi-annual cyclonic disruption of the home. Some of the most beautiful modern homes have tile floors, which, beside having the harmonious tones of a Persian rug, are the beau-ideal of simplicity of cleaning and absolute clinical sterilizaton. A plan is contemplated in Llano by which their only objection-----chilliness-is overcome. Highly finished cement is the next choice for floors, providing the same arrangement is carried out. Both these floors require a number of deep-naped small rugs, easily handled and placed in strategic positions. We expect-indeed, we are already makin ~­ very artistic rugs, which will be available to all our colonists, not just the chosen -few. Waxed or painted wooden floors will probably, however. be preferred by the majority, from conformity to habit. The children, however, will have an opportunity in this, as In many other lines, to acquire habits The Western Comrade By A. Constance Austin based on more advanced standards of beauty at;~d simplicity. Another household bugbear is the windows. As in the model city these are nearly all French windows, and are not commanded by the neighbors, and as the breezes of Llano will all come over alfalfa fields and grasses of the parks, instead of dusty streets, they can-open, which will call for much less cleaning. The glass of the sun parlor will be slightly coated with paint, like a conservatory, which will diffuse the light and reduce the cleaning to an occasional hosing. The sun parlor in any case should have a concrete floor, as it should be lined with vines and potted plants, and sprinkled every evening just before bedtime by sprinklers so arranged that by tuniing a switch every part could be aeluged simultaneously. The same arrangement should obtain in the patio garden. It is contemplated to deal with the fly nuisance in Llano by permanent self-cleaning fly traps, on wings, which at intervals would also provide the music. A compartment walled with screen netting, roofed with glass, with flowers and grass for a floor, could be built onto the outside of the sun parlor, which is also the dining room. This should be accessible only by a bird-proof turntable door at one end. This arrangement could be three feet wide and any length, an unimpeded flight of sixty-five feet being possible. A little fountain would give them permanent fresh water and baths. As any flies would be inevitably attracted to the dining room, the usual arrangement of some sugar and water and a slit would provide the flies with speedy elimination by Nature'_s method-----:-and the birds with healthy exercise and normal conditions. which. however, would have to be greatly supplemented, as the fly crop would soon cease to be. Llano could incidentally develop a very profitable canary-breeding industry. It is thought that even mocking-birds could be induced to breed in such normal conditions. These and other fly-catchers would have to be kept in any case with the canaries, as these last are not flycatchers. but only profit-catchers. Fly screens in the doors and windows-prolific source of annoyance and one of the little fretting conditions which reduce our vitality and efficiency -could thus be eliminated. The window curtain is another household scourge. Good housekeepers- poor martyrs! - keep up a perpetual round of washing and stretching and pressing, under which the delicate fabrics quickly succumb and have to be expensively replaced. Bad housekeepers have soiled curtains, which are much worse than nothing. These ornamental draperies are of no particular service in keeping out sunlight or even prying eyes-{ when real protection is desired, you pull down the shades)-but merely soften the lines of painfully crude window frames. A much better way of treating all wall openings is to make the frame so beautiful that no one will wish to mask it with muslin. The solid frame itself can be delicately carved in low relief in wood or stone, or painted in subdued designs. A whole new art industrv could be developed in this almost virgin field. The actual opening could be further outlined by lacy tracery of wood or metal, which would accent the lovely vistas of our parks with a transparent frame visible even -at night in a darkened room. Under these conditions curtains would become a pleasant eccentricity practiced by curtainborn housekeepers to whom these little conventions are the manifestations of their interests and activities. (Continued on Page 26) �The Western Page 6fteen Comrade Making Wood Pulp for Paper m N TAKING up the subject of papermaking, the first step is the preparation of the wood, which is to be converted into pulp. Spruce is the best wood for - - - the purpose, although other timbers are used, especially hemlock. None of the hard woods are suitable. The wood is first cut into convenient lengths for handling. After the trees have been cut the desired lengths, the bark is removed either with drawshaves or axes. If the timber is of large dimensions, it is cut into shorter lengths and split into blocks of the proper size to be fed into the clipping machines. Spruce and hemlock trimmings and cull pieces from sawmills, after being reduced to proper lengths, are also utilized in pulpmaking. The clipping machines, or chippers, as they are termed, consist of heavy circular plates revolving at high speed in a sort of iron hopper. The opening through which the wood is thrust against the knives is box-shaped, between two and three feet long and about one foot square. This is set at an angle with the revolving plate, which gives a shearing cut to the wood. If the pieces of wood to be chipped were presented to the knives endwise and at right angles the result would be more of a grinding process and would not chip easily. These chippers reduce the inserted pieces of wood into chips By R. A. Barber chlorine gas is also mixed with this liquid composition and held in solution. The pulp, having been properly screened, is now conveyed to the bleach tanks. The pulp is again submitted to a washing process in the tanks, · in which a portion of the bleaching liquid Is mixed with the water, ·and as the pulp is conveyed from one tank to another the amount of the bleaching liquid is lessened until the bleaching is completed. The pulp passes from the last bleaching tank over the other bleach screens, from whence it is conveyed to another washing tank. In this a long wooden drum of a peculiar slatted construction is revolving. The bleached pulp is mixed with water. The water, laden with pulp, passes into both ends of this revolving drum, passing out through the slatted portions. This causes the pulp to be thoroughly washed and at the same time has a tendency to break up any portion of the pulp which may adhere, so that the fibers may be distributed evenly through the water. The water carrying the clean and bleached pulp passes on to another tank, where it is ready to be taken and pressed into sheet form. This process WJ11 be somewhat difficult to describe except in a general way. Revolving in the last-named tank, which is about eight feet Celebrating May Day.Cent<r and right-hand scenes show preparations for serv. ing lunch to 1.000 persons. of varying sizes. They are carried on an elevater to a revolving wire screen similar to a corn popper, only very much larger. From this revolving screen the chips are conveyed to shaker screens, which remove all the line sawdust-like portions, for the chips must have some length to produce fiber. The chips are conveyed from tfie screens to bins located above the digesters. These digesters ar about forty-live feet in length a nd fourteen or fifteen feet in diameter, made of steel and lined with brick. The digesters are filled with the chips, and a liquid, consisting chiefly of sulphuric acid, is poured over them. The whole mass is then cooked with steam from seven to eight hours. The cooked mass is blown by steam from the digesters into a tank wilh a perforated bottom, where the pulp is thoroughly washed with a hose for the purpose of removing the acid, dirt and other foreign matter that might have adhered to the wood. After being washed, the pulp is passed over what is termed the unbleached screens, to remove any portions of the wood that may not have yielded to the digesters. The pulp is then submitted to a bath, composed mainly of salt electrically treated, ·for the purpose of bleaching . . The salt is arranged in cells and submitted to a current of electricity, by which chlorine gas is generated. The bleaching liquid is composed mostly of lime and other ingredients having bleaching qualities, and is reduced to the proper consistency by adding water. The long, is a drum perhaps three feet in diameter, faced with rubber corrugated in a circular manner, not longitudinal. As this drum revolves in the water it picks up a portion of the pulp, which adheres to its corrugated surface. Running horizontally above this drum and in close proximity to it, is a canvas-like sheet about eight feet wide, made from pure wool and rather roughly woven. As the drum revolves the pulp meets with the wool canvas and is deposited evenly on its surface. The pulp now meets a felt sheet of the same width running like a belt over the rollers. The roller running close to the woolen sheet is made of some polished metal, perhaps steel. It is called the press roll. Directly under this metal roll is a similar one, and over this the woolen sheet passes. At this point and for some distance the woolen and woolen felt sheets run together i·n close proximity. As the pulp is carried along on the surface of the woolen sheet it comes in contact with the felt sheet and at the same time passes between the press rolls and continues on between the felt and woolen sheets. This process squeezes out the surplus water from the pulp and at the same time converts the pulp into sheet form. Later it passes through a set of press rolls and becomes a sheet less than an eighth of an inch in thickness. At this point we now have our pulp in a somewhat usable shape, but still too moist and tender to be handled. This (Continued on Page 26) �Page sixteen Was- Schmidt (Thi• is the second installment of Comrade Harriman's address in the trial of the Los Angeles Times dynamiting cases.) -,HALL Guilty?~J -ob Ha umbrella is telling you the truth. Every rib and stay tells you in no uncertain terms that the felon Clark is a villainous i>erjurer. They tell you that Clark never placed dynamite under the crane of the Dayton bridge. They tell you that they were in Cincinnati at home with him that ni·g ht. They tell you that this fel<>n was put upon this stand to help hang this defendant _with a lie. They tell you that the prosecuting attorney knows that the felon Clark was giving perjured testimony when he swore that this unscathed umbrella frame was pressed close down over twenty pounds of eighty per cent nitr~glycerine when it exploded. I had rather my blood would curdle in my veins· than to present such evidence with which to take a human life. He would have you believe that twenty pounds of eighty per cent nitro- I say perjury? Yes, perjury! It is easy to say perjury. It is easy for the District Attorney to ~cream 1 perjury, which he did, but he showed no evtdence. I shall not only accuse them of perjury, but I shall let the poisoned statements that fell from their putrid lips turn like the serpents they are, and sink their poisoned fangs in the very heart~ of their testimony. Let us first consider the testimony of the felon Clark of Cincinnati--Clark of Goosetown fame; Clark, who stealthily went to Goosetown and met a man with a basketful of dynamite, twenty pounds of 80 per cent nitro-glycerine! How remarkable! just the amount and just the per cent that the prosecution would have you believe was placed in the Times Building. He told you that there were about twenty sticks weighing about one pound each; that they lay in his little basket without wrappers and did not mash or run together during the entire trip from Goosetown to Cincinnati and from Cleveland to Dayton, Ohio. N the May WESTERN COMRADE, on these pages, an an· Ei!:hty per cent nitro-glycerine, in sticks, put out by the nouncement was made of the purchase of a great strip of manufacturer without wrappers, and carried in a warm car territory in the San Joaquin Valley. for hours without running together! What a statement! It would tax the ignorance of a mule and the credulity of a When the article was written and the advertise~ent inserted simpleton to believe it. on the back cover page, all details had been concluded and it seemed One hundred per cent is oil. Eighty per cent is soft and that the dea:l was finished. mushy. But listen! He took this mushy stuff and kept it all But the first negotiations had been made before the United States night in his home in Cincinnati and picked it up, stick by decided to go into the war. The prospects of a long and costly war, stick, and gently laid it in his valise and inserted a concussion cap according to his instructions, he never having performed which would place additional burdens on all of the people, and which such a feat before. Then he attached sixty feet of fuse, the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony could not hope to escape, led closed the valise and took the first passenger train for Dayton the Board of Directors to reconsider their first unofficial decision. to d€> his deadly work. Do you remember the t~rible havoc A visit was made to the new property. After this, a thorough and fearful wreck produced by this infernal machine? discus~ion of the probable costs, the hardships that might be imposed Listen! It was raining on that fatal night when he stealthily by war conditions, and which cannot be foreseen tho~gh they may stole his way through the sleeping, peaceful city of Dayton, to River Bridge, and thence to the engine and crane, where be judged by what the warring countries are going through, led the this felon placed his infernal machine. Down close under the directors to take a different view of the matter. shoe of the derrick the dynamite v•as pressed and over it The result was that they have decided that it is too much to attempt was placed, closely and snugly, an umbrella, to shed the under the conditions which the Colony. together with the rest of the drenching rain, that nothing might interfere with the deadly country, must face. work. The fuse was lighted and the perjured villain found Therefore, the land purchase must be laid over, and all energy and his way to the streets of the city and there waited that he might hear the terrible crack and know his work was well done. The devilish sound of twenty pounds of 80 per cent nitro-glycerine came crashing and roaring through the streets glycerine would twist and tear and break a six-inch steel and lo! it only blew off the skin of this umbrella! Look at it! The cloth is gone, but not a wire is bent or beam while the frail reeds of an umbrella in equal proximity would go unscathed. You have a right to expect a lie from twisted. The enamel is not even disturbed. Look at it! See the handle! I~ escaped scot-free! Not a felon and an equal right to expect good faith upon the part a crack or a scratch on it! Ah! his initials that he carved of the District Attorney. The rule is that when one is false in on the handle before he placed it over this terrible infernal one thing that you should look with mistrust upon all he says machine are likewise undisturbed. Look at them! Placed or does. This rule should apply to attorney and witness alike. It is upon the testimony of this felon Clark that the prosethere o tell who was guilty of the crime! He was not arrested, nor was the crane broken. nor any damage of consequence cution hopes to lead you to believe that violence began prior done. And for this reason, this perjured felon says he was to 1906. Now let us turn our attention to Mr. Noel's "tendernot permitted to continue the work of destruction. Again I .beseech you to inspect this umbrella. See the ribs and the hearted," angelic felon, Davis of Massachusetts. Once he, too, was an iron worker. He was no angel then. stays and the handle and the staff unbroken and in perfect form and shape. You, gentlemen of the jury, know that this You should have heard the attorney for the Steel Trust de- Correction I �Pa~c seven!~ . ' s Address to the ·Jury rr1man scribing his villainous heart to the jury who pronounced him a felon ; a heart rich in abundance with all the criminal impulses known to the law. Wings? Not then! Barrels of iron, wi~ triggers and nitro-glycerine, told the story of his virtues and his means of defense. His wings had not sprouted then. Only after he became a witness .for the state was it that his wings loomed up and his angelic disposition appeared. When he was in real life, before he became an angel, and before his wings had sprouted, he was the possessor of a brace of substantial Colt's revolvers, and, though he wore them behind, he was unable to fly with them. Yet by his skillful use of them he was able to make others fly. A strange and remarkable angel this! He was charged with an assault witfi a deadly weapon. An angel with murder in of Error resources given to a more extensive and thorough development of the present holdings, amounting to about nine thousand acres. The WESTERN COMRADE, in making the announcement, had to get those pages into print in order to get the magazine out on time. When the article was written, there appeared to be nat the slightest doubt but that the deal would be finished before the magazines reached the readers. In fact, the deal seemed to be definitely settled. However, though the particular purchase under consideration was not put through, it shows what the general plan of the Colony is and indicates what may be expected as an announcement in the future. Notwithstanding the fact that there are thousands of acres adjacent to the Colony that will undoubtedly be acquired, the intention of the Llano del Ri~ony is to extend the holdings everywhere, securing tracts in vanous places so that the greatest possible variety of products may be grown on lands owned and controlled by the Colony. Wheat lands, cotton lands, tracts suitable for growing many kinds of fruits, as well as timber lands and grazing lands, will come within the control of the Colony when the formulated policy is in full operation. his heart, produced here "To tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help me God!" What a travesty! And upon his word a man shall hang. He was as vicious then as he is now, and he is as vicious now as he was then. He was a felon then and he Is a felon now. He was a liar and perjurer then, when he said he was not guilty. He is a liar and perjurer now when he says that sotailed conspirators committed violence before the year 1906. Why, McManigal himself describes the first ~xplosion and says that Hockin, the ringleader, did not know where to get the dynamite when they first met. Dugan! Who is Dugan? He Is the man who swore that J. J. McNamara offered to send him nitro-glycerine early in 1906. He is a self-confessed felon. Is there a single maw on this juiy who would believe that the prison doors would remain open to this felon if he did not tell a story agreeable to the prosecution? If his story were true, would it be necessary to open the doors to this non-union man in order to get the truth? -He was expelled from the Iron Workers' Union. If the truth were against his enemies would he not tell it without · a bribe? He is out of prison without bonds. The doors of the priSQn ·are open to receive him if his story displeases the prosecution in this case. Do you remember the umbrella story of Clark? Is there a man on this jury who can believe that the District Attorney did not know that Clark was perjuring himself when he told that umbrella story? Will the same District Attorney not demand as rigidly and receive as gladly the perjury from this felon's lips? Do you think that · the prison doors would be opened to a double murderer in order to convict a so-called conspira-tor, if only to convict him of murder? Ah! There is more than human life at stake here. There are millions of dollars of profits at stake. And what is the life of a human being when money is at stake? Destroy the labor unions and possible profits become real. Fail, and they disappear. Has not the Steel Trust sufficient' power to open the doors for the desired perjured testimony? Would a man guilty of murder not perjure himself if such perjury would save his own life, even though it helped to murder another man? And is it any less a crime in the eyes of the prosecution to murder with a lie than to murder with a gun? Who is this man Dugan? He is the man who shot and killed his wife and wounded his daughter in Indianapolis, Indiana, the home of the gentleman assisting In this.prosecution. WOOLWINE.-That is not in the evidence. HARRIMAN.-Get the International Iron Workers' magazine and I'll read .the story of the murder. McKENZIE.-That is in the volume published some two years after the Times explosion, and was only introduced for identification. HARRIMAN.-1 beg your pardon. I thought the story of his murder was published in an earlier volume. This fact is not in evidence and hence this cloud shall be lifted from the gloom that shrouds the putrid character of this perjured felon. Without further comment I must therefore leave .him with you, together with the other felons who testified that violence began before 1906. The purpose of this perjured testimony is to throw the responsibility of violence upon organized labor while the opportunity was open for a fair fight in an open field. After the resolution was passed in 1906 the field was no longer open. A fair fight was no longer possible. Not only did the Steel Trust hold all the erection and construction companies in line, presenting a solid front, by refusing to sell steel to whomsoever faltered, and by forcing the association to pay the losses of each member, but in addition the Steel Trust, with all its influence, was able to direct the power of government against these union men. The energetic enforcement of this resolution cast a gloom over the entire organization and robbed the International officers of all hope of future success. They, more than all others, were conscious of the tremendous power arrayed against them. Their organization was dissolving. The men could not understand why defeat after defeat awaited .them on every hand. J"W!Is Schmidt Guihy? .. began in !he May .number and will run for several months. Back numbers, ten cents a copy. J �Fiction Dearer Than Honor UE WINTER looked-up from her text of sociology to the couch where Anne Marshall was comfortably curled as she read. "I wonder how it feels," Sue asked, enviously, "to come back to the dorm and visit, and not to have to bother with lessons, to get all _the fun of college without having classes interrupti-ng your school work, to have time to read novels--" "Why," replied Anne, "you long for some lectures to go to, and you get so lonesome for 'em you visit all of-Father Flanders' classes and tag Sunny to his; and I'm NOT reading a novel. I'm studying the same thing you are- the same subject, that is. The difference lies in the fact that your book was written by some hidebound theorizer, in the orthodox style, while mine is interesting and deals with realities." "Is it the text you used last year?" "Heavens, no-child! It is Deming's 'Message to the Middle Class.' I wouldn't advise you to mention it to your prof. He might get a few ideas, and that would prove fatal. And this is 'War- What For?' I'm trying to review some points to use in my arguments with Don , to see if I can keep him from going off to 'somewhere in France.'" "Why, Anne, you wouldn't prevent him from using this opportunity to serve his country, would you-and humanityin this war for- -" "Bosh!" returned Anne, with the frankness one bestows on a best friend. "You make me sick. Of course, I would. I'll read you a letter from a highbrow friend I acquired this year. He can explain it to you better than 1." She fished in a pockc\ and product;d a typewritten page. "Listen: " 'This war situation looks serious, doesn't it? In yesterday's paper I saw that they are planning more concentratedly on this measure for a 'selective draft.' It has been urged that the first installment be taken from those from twenty to twentyfive years of age, and of course that includes me. But I shall not go, if I can help it; it is against my principles. It is not that I am a coward, for I think that it takes more courage to face public opinion at home than bullets abroad; it is simply that all my instincts are against war-especially UNNECESSARY war, as this is. "'In any national crisis, it is supposed to be every patriot's Juty to offer his life for the cause, whatever it may be. But I think it is his greater duty to investigate the cause, and, if it is unworthy, to refuse it allegiance. A war like this is a war against social order; it places nationality paramount to morality. It denies the teachings of the Prince of Peace. It makes beasts and butchers of people who call -themselves men. I, for one, think we have a greater need for volunteers in the Army of Social Service. I could no more go to the trenches and walt destruction at the hands of men with whom I have no quarrel than I could go fight out here in the streets and kill the first passerby I happened to see. What is _the difference? In either case I would be killing innocent strangers, my own brotf1ers. I may be a mental coward and a moral pervert, but that is my sincere idea on the subject. " 'I am convinced that there are others, untouched by capitalistic viewpoints, who feel as T do. Since it has been provided that married men probably will not be called out at first, the report is significant that six hundred men stood in line before the marriage license bureau In one of our large cities. I do not consider these men nec~y cowards; prob- ~ The s, e ste r n Com r ade Ethel winger ably their minds, like mine, revolt against war, and they are using evezy legitimate means to avoid it personally.' "And that's exactly how I feel about it! Now, don't you start an argument-wait until I get back. It's two o'clock, and I promised Father Flanders to be at his lecture room with these books of his exactly at two. · Where IS my hat?" Sue watched while Anne crushed on a small sport hat, secured by a band under her chin, ana noticed how effectively the white felt contrasted with the gleaming black hair, the sparkling dark eyes and the rich brunette skin. She was a vibrant little figure, there before tbe mirror, hastily dabbing powder on her saucy nose, and smiling at her own piquant face in the glass. Turning to her friend, she announced: "I want your tennis racket.'' "In the corner, dear," returned S~e. "Help yourself. But who are you tennising with today--Si, or Toby, or Nobby, or--" · "Why, Sunny Flanders-of course!" "I might have known that. I don't mind you playing tennis with him, heaven knows. But I do hate to see you playing on that inf~nt's ~ffections; he's too big a dear to be turned into a cynic for life. Have a heart! Isn't it enough to flirt with the otber fellows?" "My friend, I'm not playing on anything of his except his tennis courts, and at that we usually use the college courts. I might flirt with him if he were like the other fellows- if he had tissue paper for skin, spaghetti for bones, and sour jelly between. But Sunny has too much sense-and I arp merely his dear, motherly sister." "But are you sure that's all? Since you've come back I've noticed--" "I've not a second to listen," Anne broke in, as a dull red crept over her face. "If I don't beat it right now Father Flanders will be permitting himself the extravagance of tearing his hair. Thanks for the racket. Bye, beloved; see you later.'' And, playfully tapping her friend farewell with the tennis racket, she was gone. Sue could not keep her mind on her book. What was Anne up to now? Did her blush disprove her words'? Was her haste an evasion? Sue was sure that something was going on beneath that flippancy-but what? She pondered again over "the triumvirate," as Anne had dubbed herself, Professor Flanders and .his only son- called "Sonny" by his father and "Sunny" by the adoring students, who loved his wholesome gaiety and refused to take him seriously. Western University had smiled indulgently the last two years when Anne would accompany the professor on his daily walk; it had grinned in open amusement when Anne and Sunny strolled off to the tennis courts, while certain upper classmen would watch with jealous disgust that "upstart" playing with the most popular girl in school. But Western University was frankly puzzled when Anne, Sunny and his father would go off evezy holiday, laden with inviting baskets, for a hike along the river. Anne was reckless, Sue thought. If Professor Flanders, a widower as he was, had not been the oldest, gentlest, most loved man on the faculty-of the scholarly, classical type you would expect in a Latin professor-and if Sunny had not been so irr~ pressibly boyish, friends with all the girls, but ..queening" with none; and if Anne had not, notwithstanding her lack of conventionality, warmed her way into evezybody's heart and stayed there because of her human touch, her comprehending �The Western Comrade Fiction sympathy and her unending vivacity, she might have created a lot of gossip. But the three were so childlike in their enjoy~ ment of each other, so frank in their affection, that nobody had the heart to disapprove. They merely pulled Anne away for as many engagements as possible outside the little circle, and wondered whether Anne were more interested in father or son and if father or son were more intrested in her. No~ body knew--except Sue. SHE knew that Anne ·always called the professor "father" and that during the entire course she had given him a daughter's affection and received a fatherly love in return. With him she discussed all her ambitions, her tendencies, her affairs, as well as philosophical questions of the day, in which Anne was unusually well versed for a girl of her age. Not until Sunny entered college, in Anne's third year, had she grown acquainted with him and gradually developed a sisterly affection for him. Anne had understood; as did Sue, that Sunny had a keen mind. He had taken all thP. available honors and scholarships as he went along, in spite of his relative youth, but, like the rest of the students, she never took him seriously, and laughed and played with him, Page nineteen ing the campus the following week when her school was out, Sue determined to learn the· true state of affairs. But, when Anne had arrived, they had so many places to go, and so many people to see, that they seemed never to have time for their old, Intimate talks. And if conversation became gradually serious Anne would interrupt suddenly with some appoint~ ment, as she had this morning, saying, perhaps, "To be continued In our next." Well, Anne's visit would last a week longer, and some time-The clock, striking half-past two, interrupted Sue's meditations; She sprang up, looked with chagrin at her unfinished assignment, snatched a sweater and, dashing off, was soon in the classroom, buried in the professor's serious explanation of the present war as a war for humanity, quite unconscious of the fact that, a floor above, Anne was having a talk with "Father Flanders" in the Latin room, and that they, too, were discussing the war and the drafting situation. 'f. 'f. 'f. "Come, father," Anne was saying at the window, "just look at that group of boys down there. It's Si and Toby and Nobby The reception room of the new dormitory, un· finished, was used by the Western Comrade for a besides display booth; the Comrade exhibit, a model of the Austin house plan was demonstrated to residents and visitors. and quarreled with him, in a big-sister attitude. Hers was the superior wisdom of twenty-three, looking down on the boyish precocity of nineteen. And she was inclined to "mother" him. But Sue wondered. Did Anne realize what Sue had grown to suspect-that something lay deeper in Sunny's mind than that childish comradeship? She had watched him after Anne's graduation. A more serious look, somehow, was in his eyes. And Sue, as Anne's best friend, had noticed, because she saw more of him than anybody else. And she realized that it was largely because she was Anne's friend that Sunny sought her out very often. Always he would speak of her chum, and ask what news she had; and when Anne's long, entertaining letters came they would laugh and talk over them. Sunny was always happier on those days, and Sue named them "Sunny days." Did Anne realize what she was doing to liim? Had her unusual knowledge of human nature, as applied to everybody else, failed her with Sunny because she never took him seriously? If Sunny had only been like the other fellows it would not have been so bad! When Sunny had triumphantly produced a letter from Anne, telling of visit- Perkins.. I love every one of 'em. They're all such manly fellows- you don't find many of THEIR kind, even in this old university. They're just getting in from surveying. Look at them-tall, strong young fellows-'fine material for the army,' as the speaker said in assembly this morning. Just think of it, father! The very type of men our countrY will need for constructive, not destructive, work. Yet, any time, they may be called out to the war and they'll go--and never come back, perhaps. They think it's their duty[ You read those paragraphs of my letter- that's the way I feel. Father, .you are the person who taught me Socialism, even if the college authorities don't know it. You gave me this book, 'War- What For?' and you understand it better than I. So you understand what I feel when I say I'CI rather see Si and Toby and Nobbyyes, even Sunny! -and I like him best of all-I say I'd rather see them shot for treason for refusal to serve, if worst should come to worst, than to see them go back on their sense of right, their principle, and join the army! Wouldnt YOU? Wouldn't YOU rather see them die In the face of public opinion, martyrs to the cause of truth, than see them go off amid the cheers of the populace- to war- to die-however gal- �Fiction Page twenty lantly- martyrs to the cause of the munition - makers? Wouldn't YOU?" Anne's voice was tense. Her' hands were clenched. 'Every muscle of her body was taut. Her blazing eyes, seeking those of the professor's, softened as she saw his had dimmed during her appeal, and she noted his anguish as he turned away and sank into a chair. But, still tense, she waited fer a reply. "Theoretically, yes, daughter." His voice quavered to a whisper. "Practically--" The negation was clearly expressed, although he uttered no word. His head fell to his hands on the desk before him, and suddenly there swept through Anne the poignant sensation of his own angui's h-with her own sorrow for him added to it. She knew that he was crying over and over in his heart, "My son! My sonny boy!" And because convention meant nothing to Anne, and because she was impulsively human, she went to the arm of his chair and put her arm around the old man's shoulder. "Don't, father. I didn't realize how I was hurting you. I didn't realize I don't yet . but I understand . . . something of what Sunny means to you. I've never known a mother--{)r any father but you, or any brother but Sunny. And I never quite knew what it meant. I see better now that I was wrong-and selfish. I shouldn't have said that." For a long time they sat in silence, neither trusting to speak. Then Anne went over again to the window. She caught a glimpse of Sunny, tennis racket in hand, going to the library - to meet her. All at once there was a tug at her heart. Glancing quickly away, she found the professor at her side, looki'ng at her. She could not bear the pain in his eyes, for she felt the tears growing in hers as she .turned away. He spoke: "You were right, daughte(-you were quite right. Disbelieving in war, and understanding many of the reasons why we are involved in this one, I should, in all honor, sacrifice, if needed, even my own son to that truth. You, as nobody else, understand a little how wrapped up I am in him-how dear he is to me- how doubly dear because he cost me his mother's life, and because I promised her always to take care of him. the care she would have given him. And it is easier for you and Sonny to have such strong hearts in a matter of this kind. Your aspirations are untried; your hopes are new. The world has not yet laid its heavy hand upon you. But 1-1 have lived most of my life now, and in living I learned deeply the truth you were reading in that book: that we may hold honor dearer than life, but that we cannot- MOST of us cannothold it dearer than the lives of those dearest to us. In Sonny I see his mother living again-lier sweetness, her sympathy, her joyousness, her simplicity. Yet he does not lack the manly qualities, the manly strength, in whicli I failed today. HE would sacrifice his life for that principle, but 1-I cannot!would not! were a choice given me, sacrifice my boy! My boy! Always my boy, to nie. If he is taken, I would die!" There had never been such a moment in Anne's lifetime. In the presence of his emotion a sword seemed to pierce her own heart also. She loved him as she loved nobody else in the world. He had been a father to her. And it came over her, the truth of what he said: She might he able to sacrifice herself--{)r Sonny-for honor, but she could not bear to see her father bear the sacrifice of his son! For her father was dearer than honor! Dearer, perhaps, because he was not her real father, for a real father would have owed her the kindness that he had shown her from choice. That, in her life, was the thing that had alwa;s touched her girlish gratitude. He '· The 'Western Co r ade had given her so much of a father's love. without hning had a father's responsibility. But he was speaking. ..It has been so, my whole life. I have been a mwardnot for myself, but for others. It is as this book tells you. I was wheat; I hated tares. Yet I ·have not been willing to have all the tares pulled. because some of my wheat might come with it. "I had the usual expensive, orthodox classical training of the men ·of my day, of my .class. Not till I was almost forty did I finally embrace Socialism. My travels and researches had prevented saving. But I still felt young and brave. Then I married. I had my chair in the college, and my work here was all I was .fitted for. Sunny's mother was delicate. It would be only a few years, I thought, until I would- be able to get a start. I would stay here quietly and not advertise my new belief until I was in a better position to do so-until she would get better. But she never did. For her sake, I had to provide a few of the best things of life. I could not risk losing my position by flaunting my opinions for a while. Then when she died and left me Sunny, it was the same thing over. He was a sickly child, and I was so afraid of losing him. I kept him under a doctor's constant care. It was expensive. It was important to keep my place. "Gradually I gave up all my plans. I was getting old. It seemed a hopeless game. I have kept my new light of truth under a bushel. For after all I was only a Latin professor, even though I was as high up as most in the profession. My temperament. my training, were unfitted for propaganda work. I have found little time for writi'ng, and I dared not publish the manuscripts I had. So I have contented myself with in· direct influence, lending my books mostly to young tradesmen in the town, and I am giving night lessons in English to the mechanics. They get my books, and perhaps after all my influence has been as great as if I had not been what I am, in a way, a hypoctite." "You have! I know it!" cried Anne. "You have put me and others on the right track. And so you HAVE been actively working in the field. But there is Sunny again. What would you do if HE were called out?" "I would have him go-if he will-and hope for the hopeless chance that he may be spared. And then- -" His voice broke. Something in Anne seemed to snap, and she burst out in a sudden blaze of passion: "Father! Isn't it terrible that we who know why-and how- the proposed war may be, that we who are not the dupes of public opinion, the press, the preachers, the capitalists, are forced by circumstances to submit! Or, perhaps, if the militaristic spirit increases, to risk our lives by refusal! There are thousands who think they are fighting for democracy, for their homes, when they go to war. Knowing their sincerity, I can only admire their courage. But how CAN they think they are fighting autocracy, as opposed to democracy, by slaughtering the workers of the nations? How can they think they are fighting to defend their homes by overthrowing the same kind of homes of the same kind of people, with whom thev have no quarrel and whom they have never seen? How blindly they will fiv;ht at the command of their autocrats! Why can't they see the root of things? We can't help them-they won't be helped. We can't tell them-they won't listen. And we can't help the ones who DO know the causes but who are the victims just the same- like Si and Nobby and Toby and Sunny! Surely something will be done - a brighter• .sunnier dav will dawn-'' She saw her growing ipcoherency and llush.eil, but plunged on. "fhaven't any ri'ght to be selfish, I know. �The Western Comrade "'- Fictioa Page twenty-oae How can I hope that Sunny and MY friends will be spared- gested, still significantly: "Who is twenty minutes late aland hope that other girls' brothers and friends will be killed ready} A gentleman of honor keeps his appointments reinstead? But Sunny, in his fineness, his wholesomeness, likl; ligiously-religiously, get that}" a ray of sunlight on a gloomy day, a breath of fresh air in They were hurrying along the campus now. "I left father's a vitiated atmosphere-to see all THAT wasted--don't, room promptly at three," defended Anne. "That old library father! If he goes, I will be more than your own daughter- clock--" you will always have me, you know." A tear dropped on the "Is exactly with the chime. It seems to me it takes you a sill before her, falling on the open letter she had read to him. long time to walk half a block.". He grinned at her-siglt struck the last paragraph. Dumbly she looked at it, uncon- nificantly again. "If you're that slow on the count, I won't scious, and suddenly its meaning flashed to her. ' 1Since it has have any trouble in beating you in love-games today," he been rumored that married men probably will not be called added, .and wished he had not, for somehow that sounded out at first- - " Anne's heart skipped a beat and then went significant, too. So he began to bounce the balls alternately pounding away. What an idea! COULD she? A musical against tlie ground. "Better conserve your energy, then," Anne warned, "if chime, contrasting with her· turbulent mood, sang slowly through the hour. you're going to beat me. A year of wielding the birch should "Three o'clock already!" she exclaimed. . ".I promised to have improved my, strong right arm." But she hardly knew play with Sunny at three. And listen, father! I've first what she said, and walked along in silence. Somehow all her thought of a way cut-maybe. I'll tell you later." She tried old "pep," physical and mental, deserted her. She must to laugh, but it was a hysterical little laugh, and impulsively think hard how to break the news to him. Well, she would she kissed the professor right on the bald top of his bowed wait until the game. She threw herself into serving with all head. Laughing again, now merrily, she had seized her racket her might. But she could not play! And so her most ignoand was tapping down the steps before the astonished man minious defeat in all their history went on record. Sunny could recover his senses. won two sets of love-games! As Anne hurried through the building she forced her face He approached her at the net with grave solemnity. "This into its usual expression, pausing at the door to make sure is too cruel. I won't play any more with you; it's too much that her smile was on straight. Then, with an effort, she fell like the regulation but reprehensible habit of taking candy into her long, athletic stride. She made a vivid picture in from kids." her white middy suit. with its blue collar and red tie, for the "Why!" exclaimed Anne, with airy indignation. "I merely last hour had put a heightened color in her face and a deeper gave these two to you, so you wouldn't feel so badly next flash to her eyes. The freshmen all turned to stare, for she set--" was a stranger to them. To avoid the students thronging the Sunny's immoderate laughter interrupted her. "Har! Har! class, she "cut campus," something no underclassmen would She says she gave 'em to me! All right-! took 'em. Now dare to do; but in spite of her hurry she was delayed all I'll take your racket, too, and we'll take a hike, but first you'll along the way by juniors in their corduroys asking how long take my sweater, or you might take cold, and--" she would be there, and by the seniors, distinguished by their "You seem to be good at taking everything but suggessomber sombreros, who wanted to know if they could go to tions," cut in Anne, icily-a favorite pose, and one which the movies or some dance that night, or to-morrow night, or Sunny hugely enjoyed. the next. "Sure. I'll take suggestions, too. Got any for me?" Sunny, watching impatiently from a library window, saw "The biggest one you ever saw." A wave of crimson all this. and tried in vain to kill a certain green monster inside spread over her face. "I've got a suggestion, too- this: S'pose you tell yours? him, which, like the beast of Hercules, seemed to grow larger with every blow given it. As Anne neared the building he What is it?" suddenly became absorbed in his "History of Art" and, with No answer. splendid concentrated enthusiasm, began taking notes from "What is it?" his book. He wrote: "Fra Angelico (1387-1455). Painted No answer. "All right," he conceded. 'Til have nothing but silence, madonnas of the gentle, insipid type, like that Toby out there. Same inane grin that would make you wonder if anybody were a nd but very little of that." home, if you didn't know already there wasn't." He seemed Anne laughed-"! was just thinking." to derive comfort from the process, and he continued. "Fra. Sunny clasped his hands and rolled his eyes piously to the Filippo Lippi ( 1402-1469). Too bad that Guy Perkins wasn't ..,,. skies. "Thank heaven for that," he intoned, fervently. named that-would just have suited him. It's a doubleBut somehow the usual careless badinage fell flat, Thev decked shame that Titia n (1477-1576) died before he saw both sensed it and quit talking. How long they walked, with that tie Si Lentz is wearing; he might have got a few new only occasional remarks, they scarcely realized until Anne ideas in coloring- - " called attention to the sunset. He turned a page, for he sensed, rather than saw, Anne "We'll watch it from here." Sunny pulled her to a log. coming towa rd him, pausing to whisper some greeting to "This seat was made for us. Rest your back against the tree." students at various tables. With painstaking care he was Anne obeyed as a child might have done. He looked at her writing out: "Ghirlandajo (1449-14--)" when an un- closely. "You're tired," he said, gently. c'eremonious poke from Anne's racket closed his book and gave Something in his tone made a thrill quiver through her him the cue to look up, registering complete surprise. body. "You're cold, too-poor girl! Let me pull your collar "Wha•t do you think this is?" demanded Anne with mock up." His fingers tenderly buttoned the throat of the sweater, severity. "Greek art? Then kindly stir your pediment and when he had finished he let his arm remain around her shoulder. groups, or all the courts will be full." Sunny looked significantly from the dock to the face above She made no motion of restraint, but sat with half-closed (Continued on Page 26) his chair and, rising, prepared to go. As they started he sug- �Page twenty-two Forcing System . Acri~altare • In points the way. The world is in the throes of I' LANO a death struggle. Germany is fighting for industrial supremacy. The United States, due to her commer_ _ / cia! relations, has been drawn into the terrible vortex. The food supply is dwindling. The. people are facing a situation which means undernourished and underfed men, women and children. In this world crisis every eye is turned toward the farmers, and appeals are being sent out in order that they may see the seriousness of the situation. Every available means to increase the food supply of the nation is being sought. Under the instruction of trained agriculturists, lots and even lawns are being planted to garden stuffs, and still the cost of living continues to climb. In spite of President Wilson's earnest appeal to the farmers and the speculators in farm products not to speculate on the nation's foodstuffs, every farmer is planting the crop that will bring him the most returns. Lots are being held at exorbitant rentals by real estate sharks, gamblers in the nation's welfare. The South is still planting cotton, because cotton will bring better returns than other crops. The President's appeals go unheeded in the mad rush for profit. In spite of the urgent requests of the Department of Agriculture, a very large proportion of the land is standing idle. Some of the best agricultural lands of the sunny Southland are left as harborers of weeds. Land that should be growing from two to three crops of ve.getables yearly are only producing one. Sometimes total failure rewards the poor serf or renter. Fine potato soil is being planted to barley, for more ready cash can be had from hay at the present price. Large walnut groves are left totally harren. Wide strips of land that could be producing fofldstuffs are left to leach away, in utter dis· regard for the fertility of the soil. Farm owners, in a great many cases, live in the city and rent. The renter must get as much as possible from the soil, for rentals must be met. They naturally, sometimes through ignorance, often wilfully, crop the soil until almost depleted, and then move to another tract. In a great many cases no attempt is made to replace the wasted elements of the soil. In Virginia there are large tracts of land ruined by continued tobacco growing. Similar conditions are prevalent in almost any large agricultural region in the United States. According to the Agricultural Year Book, 1914, no Southern state is giving sufficient attention to the producton of foodstuffs, either for human beings or .live stock. The state of Texas imports annually more than fifty million dollars' worth of wheat, corn and oats. Individualism irt agriculture has outgrown its usefulness. Its utter disregard for soil fertility and its waste in the application of labor has in the present crisis shown us that a more efficient method of handling our soils must be evolved, or our country will perish in the struggle for existence. Inefficiency and gross neglect present themselves on every hand. The crisis is near. We must produce more foodstuffs. The great agricultural • revolution is upon us. Our farms must be intensified. Machine methods must ·he evolved, for, with war devastating the world, the flower and manhood _o f our land will be called to the colors. Labor will be scarce. Large farm tractors will become an actual necessity. Alrea-dy manufacturers have had an increased demand for trac- The Western Comrade Fa-rming By Wesley Zornes tors.. due to the prohibitive price of horse feed. The small farmer will cease to be a factor. He will soon find himself in competition with m~chi·ne methods, and as the hand mechanic has . been replaced by machine labor, so will the small farmer be forced to the wall by superior methods of production. ].- Ogden Armour, head of :the meat trust, is advocating socialized production in order to increase the food supply. Secretary Lane threatened possible confiscation by the govermilent of all unused lands in reclamation tracts of the West. Agriculturists of tlie country favor a great industrial army which would be controlled by tiie government. Edward Bel~ laniy's great industrial army, it seems, is about to materialize. · As the war progresses, the great powers will be forced, through economic stress, to adopt the most up-to-date and scientific methods known to agriculture. Upon the agricultural output depends the final outcome of the terrible struggle which marks the beginning of the decay of individualism. What is to be done? The nation stands helpless against the fangs of the speculator and the land shark. Individual inefficiency spells national failure. We have preacher-farmers; doctors, lawyers and even school teachers have tried hard at winning a sustenance from Nature. · Trained agriculturalists represent a helpless minority of the great composite whole. Individually they are lost in the maelstrom of prejudice and superstition that has befogged the brains of so-called farmers for years. Collectively, their training can be used and transmuted for the good of all. Through their direction waste places will bloom. Soils will be adapted to the crops. Soils will be rebuilded. Great tracts of wheat lands ·throughout the Middle West can, with methods already evolved, double the yield. What ignorance has torn down, science will rebuild. The ignorant doubting Thomas who has an orchard full of weeds will be relegated to the junk heap. With experts at the head of every department, efficiency is an assumed fact. Instead of mechanical and profession:J.l farmers, Llano's Agricultural Department will be a department of trained farmers. Llano's farm is a farm of specialization. Rapidly specialists are heading every department. This idea ?f specialization is growing, and not only will there be specialIzed farmers, but specialized workmen. Out of chaos we have one guiding 5tar. Llano stands as a monument, around which will grow the great agricultural future- Llano, our hope, our vision; the Ruiding hand of progress, that points the way from industrial chaos into the Great Co-oP,erative Commonwealth of the future. When is a Cow Profitable? • (J . W. Ridgway, Texas A. and M. College.) One cannot too often emphasize the importance of every dairyman keeping a record of the individual performance of every cow in his herd. This subject has been worn threadbare at every dairy meeting held during the last ten years. Nevertheless, dairymen must realize that it is the only means by which they can realize their source of profits, and unless they do tlils they are in the dark regarding their business, and no individual or concern can prosper under such conditions. The fact is outstanding that a cow producing under 200 pounds of butterfat in a year is an unprofitable cow. In this connection, attention should be called to the value of the manure, a by-product which is often overlooked. ·. · �Arr·i ca.Jt,., .. News and Views How to· Plant Vegetables (United States Department of Agriculture.) - -- ANY home gardeners wish to know whether it is safe to plant any vegetables in the open ground while there is still some likelihood of light frosts. To aid these horne gardeners, the specialists have worked out the rollowing grouping of the common vegetables according to their ability, if planted in the open, to withstand spring frosts. These directions do not apply, of course, to the planting of seeds in hotbeds or seed boxes to secure plants which afterwards are to be transplanted. Group I.-Plants not injured by a light frost. These may be planted as soon as the soil can be put in good condition: Cabbage, Irish potatoes, early peas (smooth types as distinguished from wrinkled), onion sets, and salad crops, such as kale, spinach and mustard. At the same time start in seed boxes in the house or in hotbeds tomatoes, eggplant, peppers and cauliflower. Group 2 .-Vegetables which should be planted only after danger of hard frost is over: Lettuce, radishes, parsnips, carrots, beets, wrinkled peas and early sweet corn. Group 3.- These should be planted after all danger of hard frost is past : String beans and sweet co rn (late varieties). A few early tomato plants may also be set out, but care should be taken to protect them from any sudden chilly weather, by providing a shelter of newspapers, boxes, etc. Group 4.- This group should not be planted until all danger of frost is past and the ground has thoroughly warmed up. Included in this would be : Cucumbers, melons, squashes, pumpkins, Lima beans, tomatoes, eggplant and peppers. Plants of tomatoes, eggplant and peppers which have been grown in boxes or hotbeds should be ready to set in the open at this time. In order to insure a steady supply of vegetables, crops like beans, peas and lettuce may be planted every three or four weeks, whenever the space is available. Some of these can be planted in the spaces made available by removing the other crops. If your garden is small, do not a ttempt to grow potatoes or late sweet corn. It is better to select half a dozen crops which the family likes than to grow fifteen or twenty. If the size of your plot is less tha n 40x I 00 feet, or 4,000 square feet, it usually is not advisable to grow late potatoes or late varieties or sweet corn. Succulent vegetables of all sorts contribute bulk to the diet, and so are valuable from the standpoint of hygiene, because within limits bulkiness is a favorable condition for normal digestion and also of importance in overcoming a tendency to constipation. They are also among the important sources of necessa ry mineral matters in the ordinary diet. M ;y. :{. ;y. Rural Credits (Dr. Ellwood Mead. University of California.) The passage of the farm loan bank act creates a new era in fin ancing the farmer. The act grew out of the increasing needs of the farmer for money. Farms have to be better equipped, more money is needed to carry them on. It costs more to grow fruit and other fiigh-priced crops than it used to cost to grow wheat. In every way the farm requires more mone~ in its operation than it did twenty-five years ago. But .. ID Agriculture we have just come to realize that fad. We have pa.s.sed a law that looks. after the intetest and business a nd c.omm.tm:ial enterprise which enables. farmeES to get money at a reasonable price and on the right terms.. But until the passage of the farm .loan act there was no means provided that would help the farmer to get money at a reasoinable rate of inte.res.t or on long enough time to enable him to pay it back out of the earnings of his farm. This act will give the farmer forty years of time, with the privilege of paying up at any time within five years. It will enable him to pay it off in uniform yearly payments, instead of having to pay it off in a single large payment or in a few large payments. If. as seems probable, money can be furnished at 5 per cent, then the addition of the payment of I per cent on the principal, or 6 per cent in all, will pay off a debt in thirty-six years. In other words, under this act the farmer can pay off his debt, principal and interest, with a lower annual payment than he now makes for interest alone. It is expected that these banks will be ready to do business this spring. 1(. 1(. 1(. Dried Pears Profitable (F. G. Stokes, Horticultural Commissioner. Kelseyville, Cal.) The demand for dried pears is certainly on the increase, the markets ever widening and the price with an upward tendency. The question as to whether or not to dry pears is generally settled by the price paid for the particular product, there being much variation in the sugar content and texture of the Bartlett, whether irrigated or non-irrigated, and by the ratio of evaporation from ripe fruit to dried. Where pears in one county dry out from four and five pounds green to one pound dried, in many other localities the ratio is as high as six and seven to one. The higher the ratio, naturally, the higher the cost of manufacturing the dried ton for market. Where it costs, without liguri'ng on wear and tear of plant and interest on investment, from $35 to $40 labor, etc., to turn off each dried ton, in some other places it costs $50 or more, assuming the same scale of wages to be paid; and then, on the side, it might take one or two tons mor{ of the fruit per dried ton. For this reason alone, ma ny counties find it more profitable to sell their pears green to the canner or in nearby ctties or to ship in refrigerator cars to the Eastern markets. 1(. 1(. 1(. Choosing Breed of Swine (United Stales Farmers' Bulletin.) There is no best breed of swine. Some breeds are superior to others in certain respects, and one breed may be better adapted than another to certain local conditions. The essential point is tha t after the farmer has once decided upon the kind of hog to raise, he should stick to his decision and develop the chosen breed !o its highest possible standard. It is not feasible for one individual to raise several different breeds and bring them to perfection. In ma king hi's choice, too, the farmer should be guided by the kind of breeds already established in his locality. If he selects one of these, he is not likely to make a mistake. . There are two distinct types of swinenamely, the lard and bacon types. The principal breeds of the lard type are the Poland-China, Berkshire, Chester White, Duroc-Jersey and Hampshire. The principal breeds of the hacon type are the Tamworth and large Yorkshire, both of British origin. �Th~ Western Co-operation Page twenty-four Comrade Co-operation the World Over Notes About the Chief Co-operatives Gleaned from !"any Sources The Extent of Co-operation in The United States. h is roughly estimated that there are 870 co-operative stores in t~is country. Only two out of the forty-eight states of the Union have been reported as not having co-operative stores. Perhaps fifty of. these are prospering; the remainder are not on a firm basis, and are struggling for life because of the inexperience a nd disloyalty of members within the group and vicious competition on the oulside. Notwithstanding these drawbacks, however, the future for the co-operative movement in the Uni ted States was never brighter. The greatest success in the co-operative store movement has been attained by the United Mine Workers in Illinois. The membership of these stores consist of several different nationalities, yet complete harmony reigns constantly. Twelve of these stores in one quarter did a business of $200,000.00, and declared an average dividend on purchases of over eight per cent. These Illinois stores are federated into what is known as the Central States Co-operative Society, have a central auditing system, plan to establish central buying, and intend to unite with the store societies of neighboring stales. Co-operation among the farming ciass is growing by leaps and bounds. The Farmers Educational and Co-operative Union is active in twenty-three stales and has three and a half million members. The purpose of this organization is to encourage all forms of co-operation. The organized farmers in Oklahoma have a hundred successful co-operative stores. One of the most important agrarian movements is the Non-Partisan League in the Northwestern States, the purpose of which is to organize a general revolt of the farming element against exploitation by affiliating with the labor unions and by establishing agricultural co-operatives. This move· men! is, perhaps, the most powerful in America. Co-operative marketing organizations are springing up by the hundreds. In California, this movement is best typified by the California A.. ociated Raisin Company, the California Fruit Growers Exchange and the California Almond Growers' Exchange. . Industrial or mechanical co-operation has not been so successful. Usually this is due to the failure of the organizations to work in connection with the organized consumer. Among the successful ones, however, can be mentioned three glass companies, one boot and shoe concern, two laundries, three barrel manufacturing companies, five bakeries and three cigar factories. The Independent Harvester Company has several thousand farmer members. Five successful silk co-operatives exist in Paterson, New Jersey. Three highly successful printing and publishing cooperatives are operated by the Finns in Chicago. ,. ,. ,. An Illustration of Practical Co-operation. From Arcadia, Florida. comes an instance of the value of co-operation and the broad spirit of mutual helpfulness which it inculcates. The orange growers of that community are associated into an organization known as the Associated Orange Growers. During February, a hard frost damaged the orange crop, and many of the members would have secured nothing for the year's work h ad it not been for the co-operative spirit shown by the more fortunate ones. The e><te,;t of the damage was determined by the Association, and sixty per cent of the value of the total crop was voted to each member, regardless of the damage suffered by each individual. Men who had not suffered were p~id but sixty per cent of the worth of their crop. Those who had no crop to sell were paid sixty per cent of the value of the crop they might have had had no frost i11jured it. The fortunate shared with the unfortunate, and each member fa red comfortably as a result of the year's work. .. ,. ,. Effect of War on the Co-operative Movement In considering developments likely tu affect the general welfare of the movement after the war, it is well that we should remember the things that have gone before. For nothing else proves how very ably the cooperative movement has kept its head, so to speak. Its cautiousness may be said to be the chief factor of its stability. The .outbreak of war brought with it all the possibilities of an economic crisis; commercial breakdown seemed imminent. The co-opeMiive movement, however. remained wonderfully true to its traditions, did much to avert a ·food panic, and kept retail prices at normal levels in many places while its pre-war stocks luted. Durins the war -it has further demonstrated the value of working-class control of the means of life as ~ check to profiteering. During 1915 ~ome 210,714 new members joined the movement. taking its total membership to close upon the four-million figure. Its sales increased by fourteen and a half millions, while its total sales reached the gigantic sum of one hundred and two millions. The financial position of the ·movement is practically unaffec:ted by the war. It fact, it may claim to have been strengthened by the general prosperity of the movement and the growing utilization by the Trades Unions of co-operative banking facilities. No section of the Flalion has stood more firm, in fact, all through the changes of the war than the co-operative movement. Statistics prove it will emerge from the war considerably stronger in membership, finances, and one dares to add, moral purpose.-George Stanton in Co-operators' Year Book, England. ,. ,. . Shortage of Tin for Canned Goods. All . tin is likely to be commandeered by the English Government. All co-operative societies using tins for packing and othe; purposes are preparing for a future shorlage.-The Producer, England. ,. ,. ,. Canadian Co-operative Apple Production. Canadian apples today are known the world over, and, while the industry is still in its inf11ncy in some parts of the Dominion, it is well established in others, as, for instance, in Nova Scotia, where for some years past the organization of «,>-operative fruit companies has made notable progress. There are now over thirty-two of these, and most of them are in the combination known as The United Fruit Companies, which probably handles something like half the season's apple crop of the province.- Walter Haydn in The Producer, England. ,. ,. . Co-operation the Keystone of Civilization Modern ci,·ilizalion is based upon confidence and co-operation. Con-fidence is the foundation upon which all modern business rests; co-operation, the keystone that unites the separate units and gi,·es strength to the whole structure. The progress and advancement of a certain article together with its trade prestige or superiorities, are usually found in exactly that degree that its producers may have co-operated to that encl.- California Almond Growers Exchange. . ,. ,. Value of Growers' Organizations The value of growers' organizations is no longer a matter for theoretical discussion. It is a demonstrated, practical business facl, now in actual successful business operation. It is also not true that co-operative business is extravagant and inefficient. This is a purely theoretical assertion which "practical" men have parroted so <>ften that they have hypnotized themselves into believing it. The chief wastages, extravagances and crookednesses are, and always have been, in private business. The best- run agricUltural marketing institutions in existence are the semigovernmental Landwirtschaftsrath organizations in Germany, and the completely governmental currant cartel in Greece and coffee pool in Brazil. Illiterate Ru$5ian peasants. in their political mirs, look after their farming business beller than their educated neighbors under private ownership. If the evidence of facts means anything, it means that the traditional business theory about private efficiency and co-operative inefficiency is a pure hallucination.- F res no Morning Republican. • • • Government Issues Bulletin on Co-operation The impo•lance of the modern co-operative movement is shown by the fact that the United Stales Department of A~riculture has recently issued a bulletin from the Office of Markets and Rural Organization which deals exhaustively with the subject of co-operative store> in the United Stale<. The history of the movement is delved into, the plan of organization in general treated comprehensively. and the methods of financing, crediting, purchasing, selling and accounting discussed in a broad manner. The publication is wrillen by -J. A. Bexell, Dean of the School of Commerce, Oregon Agricultural College; Hector McPherson, Director, Bureau- of Markets. Oregon Agricultural College; and W. H. Kerr, Investigator in Market Business Practice, Office of Markets and Rural Organizations, United Staleo Department of Agriculture. The bulletin may be secured by writing to . the Depa.rtmeni for Department · Bulletin No. 394. �Book ReYiews The Western Comrade Page twenty-five Reviews of Recerit Readable Books , ' 'The Truth About the Medical Profession." "The Truth About the Medical Profession" gives the views of an hon• est physician, J . A. Bevan, M. D. Humor and sarcasm, ridicule and satire, abound in the philosophical book. The introduction by the son of Dr. Bevan, Mr. Gordon Bevan, and his notes constitute a large part of the text. The bugaboos of the medical world are shown in broad daylight, and the reader of this I rea tise will no longer fear the quackery of the medical leeches upon society. The autho r bases his philosophy on economic study and disease found to be in large measure the result of low wages, ignorance of the people, and the need of the physicians to operate for practice on the poor that they may filch large fees for similar operations on the rich. Operations, vaccination, the doping with drugs. and the whole range of medical hocus-pocus that helps to kill off the human race and . keep the people from getting their share of the world's goods, find an enem)Cwho intelligently dis.ects their hollow claims. It is shown clearly that it is absolutely impossible for the medical profession to be honest and live. Dr. Bevan quotes examples of the criminal ignorance where the medicine killed patients--contending that medicine hampers nature in its cures and any patient will recover far better without than with the concoctions guessed a t by physicians. · But it is by no means only as an exposure of the quackery of medicine the book is worth while. Dr. Bevan and his equally gifted son have caught a broad vision of democracy. They have brought to bear on their philosophical studies a wide range of general information and clear intellects. Hardly a phase of human activity is left out of the rapid-fire survey of human society. The medical craft is only one of the many-sided citadel of special privilege attacked by the Bevans. Their little book ought to be widely circulated. It is time humanity cast aside the hoary myths of the Dark Ages. We laugh at the "medicine man" of the naked savage and submit calmly to more silly and far deadlier practices on the part of our own bungling physicians. "The Truth About the Medical Profession" ought to circulate as freely as the Sanger propaganda and the Walsh report. It is a sane, non-hysterical, economic. philosophical, human document with an enlightening message. {Price $1. · Published by the author, 914 Myrtle street, Oakland, Cal.} . . ,. "In the Claws of the German Eagle." The first sane book on the Great War from the pen of a newspaper correspondent has fallen into my hands. Albert Rhys Williams tells his experiences of the early days of the conRict in 1914 in his sketches, "In the Claws of the · German Eagle." Mr. Williams spent seven years as a social worker in the slums of Boston and New York; so mere battle sights were tame to him. He dedicates his book "to those who see beyond the red mists of war." In our present state of national hysteria it will be well to read this unbiased book by a cool-headed American. He tells of the unavailing search of weeks in all Belgium for a bona fide atrocity specimen. There were terrihle evidences of the full horror of war. but the atrocity victims were always "back in such and such a village, etc." "Let no oRe attempt to gloss the cruelties perpetrated in Belgium," he continues. ·~y individual wish is to see them pictured as crimson as possible, that men may the fiercer revolt against the shame and horror of this red butchery called war. But this is a rocord of just one observer's reactibns and experiences in the war zone. After weeks in this contested ground, the word 'atrocity' now calls to · my mind hardly anything I saw in Bdgium, but always the savageries I have witnessed at home in America. "For example, the organized frightfulness that I once witnessed in Boston. Around the strikers piclceting a factory were the police in full force and a gang of thugs. Suddenly, at the signal of a shrill whistle, sticks were drawn from under coats and, right and left, men were felled to the cobblestones. • If in normal times these men can lay aside every sembl~nce of decency and tum into raging fiends, how much greater cause is there for s•1ch a transformation to be wrought under stress of war when, by government decree, the sixth commandment is suspended and killing has become glorified. A~ any rate .mY experiences in America make credible the tales told in Belgium." Much of the author's aplomb came from ·his experiences with Gremberg, a Belgian private. "If I had been born a Boche, I know that I would act just like any Boche. I would do just as I was ordered to." "But the · men who do the ordering, the officers and military caste, the whole Prussian outfit?" "Well, I have it in for that crowd, but you see I'm a Socialist•. and I know they can't help it. They get their orders from the capital- s, o. sobapa ists." . . • "Well, I suppose that you are pretty __;ell cured of your Socialism, because it failed, like everything else." "Yes, it did, but at any rate the people are surprised at Socialists killing one another-not at the Christians. And anyhow if there had been twice as many priests and churche.._and lawyers ·and high oflidals that .would not have delayed the war. It would have come sooner; but if there had been twice as many Socialists there would have been no war." A picture of Gremberg forms the frontispiece of the volume-~>ne of the many graphit pictures from war photographs. The writer is fair and unprejudiced. He gives scores of intimate pictures of life in both ·the armies of the Allie• and of the Germans in those early days of the war. (New York. E. P. Dutton & Co.) . • • • "The Principles of Natural Taxation." C. B.. Fillerbrown, author of "A. B. C. of Taxation" and "Taxation," brings his subject to date in "The Principles of Natural Taxation," "show: ing the origin and progress of plans for the payment of all public expense fr?m economic. rent." The book contains portraits of Henry George, Edwm Burgess, S~r John Macdonnell and Thomas G. Shearman. Part 1., "The Authorities," deals with Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Patrick Edward Dove, Edwin Burgess, Sir John Macdonnell, Henry ·George, Rev. Edward McGlynn and Thomas G. Shearman. The second part treats of the following sidelights: "A Burdenless Tax: The Threefold Support Upon Which the Single Tax Rests"; "Land: The Rent Concept-the Property Concept': ; "Taxation and Housing: The Taxation of Privilege"; "Thirty Years of Henry George, with a Record of Achievements"; Henry George and the "Economists"; "The Professors and the Single Tax"; "A Catechism of Natural Taxa tion." The appendix reviews brieRy the theories of :he Physiocrats, Thomas Spence, William Ogilvie, Thomas Paine and Herbert Spencer. "The object of this compilation," writes Mr. Fillerbrown, "is to trace the metamorphosis of the land question into the rent question; of the equal right to land into the joint right to the rent of the land; of the common use of the earth into the collective enjoyment of ground rent; of the natio~alization of land into the socialization of its rent; of private property 10 land, including the private appropriation of its rent, into the public appropriation of that rent without disturbance of the private ownership of land." There is a great deal of matter that will be new to most general readers. In view of the national indorsement of the Great Adventure cam. paign in California to restore the land to the people immediately, the volume should have a special national significance. (Chicago. A. C. McClurg & Co.} • • • "Social Forces m American History." A comrade in Kentucky a few years ago took A. M. Simons' "Social Forces in American History" and James Oneal's ''Workers in American History" as his texts. It was nearly a year before the parents learned what he was doing to their children. He is now out of the teaching profession. You can't have the truths of American history taught in the American schools. You were taught a lot of lies cooked up to make you patient slaves. -The People's College of Fort Scott, Kansas, is conducting a low-priced course in American history, conducted by Mr. Simons, consisting of thirty lessons. You can learn all about it in a booklet giving the outline of the course by sending a card to the college. The studies are based principally on "Social Forces in American History." Recently I have looked over the revised edition of this volume. It is one of those books that ought te be in every home, for surely it is worth while for the working class to know the truth about American history. Do you know what three inventions destroyed feudalism? That most of the "Revolutionary fathers," including Samuel Adams and George Washington, were smugglers and land speculators? That the organized labor movement of a century ago demanded universal suffrage and founded our public school system? Why the first labor unions after the Civil War were secret organizations? These .and scores equally valuable are told by Simons in his history. It is based on the best researches of the leading college authorities, nad not one fact is in dispute. Yet not one school in America except the People's College dares proclaim it as its textbook. It is written in calm and scientific language, in scholarly style. (New York. The Macmillan Company.) �Page twenty-•ix The Western Comrade Dearer Than Honor (Continued from page twenty-one) eyes, watching the dying colors of the sky. She had thought it was going to be easy-but NOW! Impulsively she reached out and took his hand. That would make it easier. Suddenly she stiffened up, and slowly, haltingly at first, she began the dreaded "suggestion." Then fluently, eagerly, earnestly, she threw herself into her words. for that was Anne's way. Unfolding her plan, she held his startled, fascinated gaze, explaining, as she went, her reasons for it. Then abruptly she stopped and dropped his hand. She had poured out her impulsive plans and now she felt cold. A dull feeling of pain surged over her, and with the fleeting of her impulse came the frantic wish that she had not spoken. What could he think? If he would only say something! She looked at him; the misery in her eyes was matched in his. "Anne!" His words seemed a cry, although he spoke quietly. "Ever since you've known me you've been hurting me. The time you spilled hot sulphuric acid in the lab, and it burned through my tennis shoes to my instep; the day you accidentally scratched my arm with your absurdly long fingernails; and when you scarred my face with your ridiculous fencing. And all the time you've treated me like a baby, and flirted with all the other fellows. But all that was nothing to this- when you imply that you want to make a sacrifice of yourself and ma rry me just to keep me from having to go to war. Maybe I'm just a kid. But I'm old for my years, in spite of what you all think. I'm more of a man than you think. I'd rather die a thousand times than do that! just to keep me and father from being hurt!" "You don't care, then?" breat_hed Anne, abashed at his vehemence. "About dying? No! When you feel that way. About YOU, Anne? I've always cared! I think you knew that even if I never told you. You wouldn't have taken me any more seriously than the others. I am just that young upstart." His bitterness stung her. She, too, was suffering. She put her hand on his shoulder. "But Sunny-there's your father; and I can't see any other way out if the 'selective draft' takes the proposed form. If you go to war and get killed, it will kill him. I told you everything he said. You are dearer to him than his life- his honor. You don't like the idea. But it might save hi·s life. Your father, Sunnyisn't HE as dear to you- as LIRE?" "You know he is!" he exclaimed, hotly, "and in honor I should be willing to do this thing-since you wish it. But you are forgetting the rest of what· you said. My father is dearer than honor, and even for honor's sake I could not sacrifice ·you! .. Anne had not foreseen this. It was something terrible-yet wo!'?erful! For a moment she forgot her plea, and asked. smthngly tremulous: "But the old Spanish idea, Sunny? 'I had not loved thee half so well loved I not honor more!' " "That is a theory! I don't believe it! If it is true I am a coward." He stood up and looked down at her. "Anne! what are you doing?' He stooped te pull her hands away from her face. "Anne! Don't-please!" She arose and, unashamed, let the tears fall down her cheeks. . "Don't, Anne!" he begged. "You say you wish it, but it is JUSt one of your sympathetic impulses- perhaps a sense of duty toward father and me. It isn't right. You don't love me-l've known that too well! And I cannot let you do it-· even for father's sake. Such a sacrifice from anybody would be horrible. From YOU, Anne, it would be intolerable!" "Sunny, dear." Her voice shook, but she met his eyes squarely and she put both hands on his shoulders. "Maybe you did know part of the truth before, but it's wrong, now. I knew you pretty well-better than I knew myself; and, even if I didn't admit it to myself, I did know that you cared for me. . . . But I didn't know, till now, that I really cared for you, too--that way." _. The Socialist City (Continued from page fourteen) It must be remembered that women are as individual in their tastes and abilities as men, only their expression has been rigidly repressed into one channel by their economic slavery through the ages. The fact that the girl very commonly "takes after" the father, would be enough in itself to vitiate the theory of the intrinsic conventionality of women. Relieved of the thankless and unending drudgery of an inconceivably stupid and inefficient system, by which her labors are confiscated and her burdens aggravated in every possible way, she springs forward with astonishing ' elasticity and power. To accuse her of lack of originality and organizing capacity is most unjust. These manifestations have been imputed to her as crimes. She has been most strictly drilled from babyhood to isolation in the home and to conformity, while her brother was stimulated to aggressive individuality by contact with the larger world. In the Socialist City the home will no longer be a Procustian bed to which each feminine personality must be made to conform by whatever maiming or fatal spiritual or intellectual oppression, but a peaceful and beautiful environment in which she will have leisure to pursue her duties as wife and mother, which are now usually neglected in the overwhelming oress of cooking and cleaning. She will also have time in the intervals of her rightful occupations, or when they a re unfortunately denied her. for the activities which are personal expressions, her individual contribution to the welfare of the community. Making Wood Pulp for Paper (Continued from page fifteen) brings us t~ the drying process, which consists of a series of hollow iron drums, thirty-eight in number--one row of nineteen above the other, but not directly so, the edge of the upper being over the center of the lower. These drum5 are somewhat longer than the sheet of pulp to be dried and are heated on the inside with the exhaust steam from the engines. As these drums revolve slowly the damp sheet of pulp passes over them, first over the top one and then down under the lower one, and so on through the series of drums in a continuous ribbon-like sheet of snowy whiteness. After the sheet leaves the drums it is reeled on a shaft about sixteen inches in diameter. As it is being reeled, two circular, knife-edged disks cut the sheets into three sections as it is wound into a roll. After the roll has acquired the proper size, the three sections are taken from the shaft on which they have been wound, and each section is wrapped with the same material, cut in proper dimensions for the purpose, and bound and tied with heavy cord. In this form the pulp is then shipped to regular paper mills, where it is converted into paper for high-class magazines and otlier high-class paper. �The Western Comrade Page twenty-seven First American Confer~nce for Democracy and Terms of Peace EALIZATION of the futility of the convention of the Socialist party held in St. Louis, April 7, an~ which adopted a majority report that has already mv~l~ed prominent Socialists in trouble with th~ aut~ontJes, has undoubtedly animated some of those promment tn that convention who are instrumental in calling the First American Conference for Democracy and Terms of Peace, May 30. Some of the cooler heads at the St. Louis convention warned the convention of the danger in which they placed themselves and their comrades in adopting and recommending for circulation the majority report adopted at that time. The "Milwaukee Leader" under date of May 19 in a news item reports "United States authorities, without warrant or observing any process of law, raided the state headquarters of the Socialist party of Indiana and seized all literature bearing on war. . . The raid is thought to be due to a speech made in the Senate of the United States by Hustings, Wisconsin, when he bitterly attacked the majority report on war and militarism of the National Socialist Convention." The WESTERN COMRADE. in editorials, pointed out the danger contained in the majority report. Already the danger has been made apparent. California representatives were unable to carry through their clearly outlined program of constructive measures, pertinent to the needs of the day and built on the vital issues of the war. The New York conference is assumed to be called by those who realize that the Socialists of America have failed at the moment of the supreme test. There is no other radical organization envisioned to the degree of being able to see through the immediate issues of the day on toward the end of the war with its reconstruction period. American Socialists are denied, by the American government, the right to participate in the convention called to be held in Stockholm; passports will not be given th~m and severe penalties are threatened for any American Socialists who defy the government and take part. American Socialists have not justified the United States government in believing they are wholly loyal and the attitude will be unfavorable to them so long as this condition prevails. There is left, then, no organized movement in the United States that is gifted with foresight to plan ahead. Therefore, leading Socialists, radicals of other activities, and those prom. inent in great social movements have united · in calling the conference. Invitations have been sent broadcast, as follows: You are cordially invited to participate in .the first American Conference for Democracy and Terms of Peace, which is to be held in New York City on May 30th and 31st. The purpose of this conference will be to clarify public opinion of the issues arising out of America"s participation in the war ; to devise means for safeguarding American liberty and democracy; and to formulate the demands of forward-lookir.g Americans as to the terms of the coming peace. It is also hoped that from this gathering will result such cooperation, co-ordination, and solidarity of the democratic forces of this country as will make their voice most effective in the councils of the nation. The enclosed tentative platform will serve as the basis for the discussions of the conference. It is presupposed that organizations and individuals participating are in substantial agreement with the • principles set forth therein. We earnesly request that you appoint delegates to represent your organization at the conference. Kindly facilitate the administration of the und~rtaking by · a prompt reply. Very sincerely your, EMILY G. BALCH. Former President, Boston Woman's Trade Union League JOSEPH D. CANNON, Organizer Inter'! Mine, Mill vnd Smelter Workers Union MORRIS HILLQUIT. . Member National Committee of the Socialist Party. RABBI JUDAH L. MAGNES, The reason for the conference is given in the "Call to Action," which states: A CALL TO ACTION It is now less than six weeks since the United States entered the world war. In that short space of time the grip of militarist hysteria has fastened itself upon the country; conscription is being placed upon our statute books; the pernicious "gag" bill is about to be forced through Congress; standards to safeguard labor, carefully built up through years, have been swept aside; the right of free speech has been assailed; halls have been closed against public discussion, meetings broken up, speakers arrested-and now the danger of a permanent universal military training law confronts us. While all this military organization is going on in America, rumors of peace come to us from Germany, Austria, Italy and Russia. Shall it be said that we, the latest to enter the war, are less concerned about the early establishment of a peace based on justice for all? We call on all American citizens to unite with us in the first American Conference on Democracy and Terms of Peace, at the Holland House, on May 30 and 31, to discuss how best we can aid our government in bringing to ourselves and the world a speedy, righteous and enduring peace. May 7. 1917. A tentative program is announced, organizing and executive committees have been appointed, and the support of broadminded, energetic, influential men and women throughout the United States have been secured. The invitation is signed by: James H. Maurer, Harrisburg, Pa. ; Victor L. Berger, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; A. J. Boulton, Brooklyn, N.Y.; James J. Bagley, Brooklyn; Rose Schneidermann, New York; John C. Kennedy, Chicago; Edward J. Cassidy, New York; Joseph Schlossberg, New York; E Baroff, New York; Henri Bereche, New York;. Roy Brazzle; Mary Kenney O'Sullivan, Medford, Mass. ; Arthur LeSueur, Kansa, City, Missouri ; Algernon Lee, New York; James O'Neil, Boston, Mass.; Harry Laidler, New York; Julius Gerber, New York; Julian Pierce, Washington, D. C.; Job Harriman, Llano, California; Winter Russell, New York; Harry Weinberger, New York; Rt. Rev. Paul Jones, Salt Lake City; Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Chicago; Rev. Richard W. Hogue, Baltimore, Md.; Rev. Sidney Strong, Seattle, Wash.; Rev. H. L. Canfield, Woodstock, Vermont; L. Hollingsworth Wood, New York; David Starr Jordan, Stanford University, California; Simon N. Patten, University of Pennsylvania; Scott Nearing, Toledo, Ohio; William I. Hull, Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania; Harry L. W. Dana, Columbia University, New York; Lindley Miller Keasbey, ·university of Texas; Harry A. Overstreet, New York; Rev. Irwin St. John Tucker, President Hobo College, Chicago; Brent Dow Allinson, Cambridge, Mass.; Grace DeGraff, Portland, Ore.; James McKeen Cattell, New York; Randolph Bourne, New York; May Wright Sewall; Daniel Kiefer, Cincinnati, 0.; Amy Mali Hicks; New York; Frank Stephens, New York ; Mrs. Glendower Evans, Boston, Mass. ; Helena S. Dudley, Waltham, Mass.; Lenora Warneson, Kansas City, Mo. ; Mrs. Lola Maverick Lloyd, Winnetka, Ill.; Mrs. Elsie Borg Goldsmith, New York ; Margaret Lane, New York; Edward Berwick, San francisco, Cal.; John Reed, Croton-onHudson; Edward T. Hartman, Boston, Mass.; · Mrs. L. C. Beclcwith, Providence, R. I.; Miss Crystal Eastman, Croton-on-Hudson; Amta F. Davies, Philadelphia, Pa.; Henry R. LinviOe, New York. �Page twenty-eight The Western Comrade Letters from Our Re'a ders Colonist for Twenty Years Editor Llano Colonist: !'viy first attention was called to Socialism in 1eading about the Ruskin Colony ill Tennessee some twenty years ago. Thus my idea of co-operation and Socialism was linked from the beginning. My first lessons in Socialism taught about the Co-operative Commonwe•lth and National Co-operation. I read the Coming Nation, the Appeal to Reason and o ther literature describing the workings of the Ruskin Colony from its beginning to its untimely death in Goorgia. I read a paper two years, the name of whrch I have forgotten now, established by a colony whir.h flourished on the shores of Puget Sound many years ago. I can't recall the name of that colony now. I was an earnest seeker for their faith and an eager reader of their progress. My wife and daughter wanted to go. The pictuce~ they saw of this colony life, showing the bl~ssings of co-operation, was a rising star in theit lives. But alas! this colony, too, went down! "Faith" in Socialism-died. But I hung my faith upon political Socialism and fought the good but losing fight. The Farmers' Union and many growers' associations came upon the scene with their plans of co-operation, but these all fell far short of giving the relief the world seeks. Without going into detail ing, but little things I had thought of for years that I never heard any one say, and it pleases me to read it in your paper. For years I have said the house I was going to build would have a flat roof, and, while my friends said I was crazy, your paper said it was the way Llano houses were to be built. The ~ommon sense and the advanced spirit of the experiment of Llano appeals to me wonderfully. It does my soul good to read in the paper of the plans that are to be for the benefit of all. The communities in which I have lived have been absolutely hidebound. No one can or will do anything never done before, because no one else has ever done it. Your paper tells us in Llano you are free from such bondage. MRS. G. L. SHURICK. Ohio. • • • Thinks Everyone Should Subscribe received all the literature you sent to me, and, after reading almost every word with great interest, I was very much pleased with the splendid progress that is being made by the Llano colonists. It is indeed inspiring to know that in a short time such progress has been made towards the great ideal and principles upon which our future civilization must be shaped. In order to show the extent of my interest in the Llano Colony, I inclose as to the failures of Socialis t effort s a t co - opera lion, I will say right here that unless the Socialist party proves it s faith by its works, as you and others arc doing, it will die a natural J eath . The Oklahoma Socialist party. in ih last stal e conven tio n, adopted a repo rt inJorsing all co-opera ti ve e ffo rt s , in- side or outside the party. How encouraging it is to learn, afcr all the dismal attempts at co-operat ion, of the brilliant success at Llano I Again the wife and children ask to go, and we are straining every effort to make our desire a reality. Tired and sick of the competitive war, we hope soon to dodge our enemy and Ace to the "City of Refuge"-Liano.-G. M. Fowler, Okla. "' "' " Likes Llano Papers May Day Parade of the first comers to Llano, with inserts When you print "Write what you like best in our paper" you are asking something rather difficult from us, who are not accus tomed to expressing ourselves in w riting. First, I like the spirit of Socialism breathed in every line; the points of view and the conclusions to which Socialism brings one are much needed. Most Socialists are converts and require the education your paper gives how Socialism works out practicaily. I wa• in hopes you would give an example of Meyer London. our only' Socialist Representative. When the war started he brought a measure before Congress to put an embargo on foodstuffs going out of the United States. No one spoke on the subject, and he was the only one who voted for it. Because he was a Socialist, he had the vision and the conscienco to stand for the Socialist principles, and it is only now, after nearly !hree years, when the d amage is done, that Congress has waked up enough to wrestle with the subject. Another thing I like about your paper is that it attends strictly to its own business, which is to e~ploit Llano and Socialism. The usual newspaper is of two kinds, both tiresome beyond endurance, and you have avoided both these kinds-the city paper, with its encyclopediac knowledge, and its "mays" and "it is saids," which leaves a confused jumble in the mind ; and the country newspaper, which aims to have absolutely nothing in it- not even the local news-for fear of making somebody mad. Your paper is condensed and, while entertaining on account of the life it expresses, it also gives us !he world news, for which we pay for the paper. I don't know that it is the way the paper "is made up," as they say, but it is the kindred spirit I find expressed in it; hardly worth mention- showing two groups of the early colonists of 1914-15. money order for the WESTERN COMRADE and LLANO COLONIST. Furthermore, I wish to declare my intention to apply for membership in M. B., Arizona. the near future. Fraternally yours, • • 4 Much Interested n Llano Dear Comrade: You wanted us readers of the Western Comrade to vote upon the articles printed in the Western Comrade from time to time, and express our preference, giving first, second and third choice, etc. Now, comrades, I have no particular choice to give in what I have read in the Western Comrade, for almost every article has met with my approval, and to make a choice would, to my mind, be showing partiality among the writers. There is not an article in the Western Comrade but what I have read, and I am so anxious to get all the news that I ca~ hardly wait from time to time for the next issue to come. And, so that I might hear from the Colony more often, I subscribed for the Llano Colonist, and by getting the Colonist once a week it seems to shorten the time between each issue of the Western Comrade. For my part I want to hear from all, and upon all things, that will show what the colonists are doing, and what is in the minds of comrades, pertaining to the developing of all our id~als . By writing and expressing our thoughts that come into our minds from time to time, regardless of the correct way of expressing them, only tend towards broadening our minds upon the things for which we are striving, and often put a thought into another mind who can with more accuracy express the thought so as to accomplish the desired result. ROBERT S. DARNEll. �The Western Comrade Page twenty-nine Aditorial by the Circulation Manager Can You Combine Practice With the Study of Theory? A SHORT time ago we tried out a little ·xperiment. We wrote letter to each of the persons in the Grand Membership Circul ation Contest asking for their experiences in getting subscriptions for the Llano Publications. And here is the argument that we found our conte!'t members met most frequently : "I already get so many Socialist papers that I cannot take another; haven't time to read those that I am already taking." The Llano Publications are the only ones in the country that tell of the principles of Socialism being applied. Now what would you think of a man who went to church every Sunday and said his prayers eve ry night and devoutly and sincerely worshipped God, but who refused to make an effort to put the principles of Christianity into general operation? You would laugh at him, of course. But stop a minute. What of the Socialist who reads of the Socialist theory, absorbs every word of the wisdom of Marx, knows the "Communist Manifesto" by heart, is on the mailing lists of many Socialist papers and magazines, yet will not study the practice of Socialism? The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony is the practice of the principles of Socialism. It makes no difference whether you believe co-operative colonies can succeed or not, the fact remains that virtually every Socialist principle is in active, every-day use in Llano today. What's the use of learning all the fine points of Socialism if you don't make any attempt to put them into practice? What would be the use of learning all there is to know about medicine if you would refuse to· treat a patient? When any Socialist tells you that he has so many Socialist papers that he has no time to read any more, direct his attention to the fact that he is missing the fruit of all his study. Make it clear to him that he is theoretically right, but ask him if he knows for certain that Socialism will work. Ask him how he could prove it to an unbeliever. In Llano we are practicing Socialism. No other paper in the country can tell of the progress this handful of brave Socialist pioneers are making. You know how we respect the oldtime Socialists who went out and soapboxed on the streets, who got themselves put into jail because they were Socialists, who sacrificed friends and home and fortune and everything for the sake of the principles they believed in. They were courageous, stouthearted men and women. But what of these modern Socialists who have the courage to put into present-day operation the things they believe in? Are they any less courageous? How open-minded is the Socialist who refuses even to read of what they are doing? How can he hope to convince other people that Socialism is practical and beneficent, when he will · not himself show faith in the thing he stands for? What can you expect of the unconverted when Socialists themselves refuse to investigate, or even to read of, the progress of the Llano del Rio Cooperative Colony which is demonstrating the things they have preached for so many years~ These are not idle questions. . They are tile questions that we expect our readers to ask Socialists everywhere. They are the questions that point the difference between mere ineffectual talk and purposele~s opposition to existing conditions, and the positive position of really doing the things we think are right and which we are asking others to accept as being right. Socialists everywhere are discouraged, disgusted, hopeless. But there is no reason to be. Our principles are correct-Llano is proving that. It is the application of them that the people are looking for. Our method of teaching must be adapted to the time. We have virtually graduated the primer class in Socialism. The people of the country are willing to concede that Socialism is probably right. But they demand proof. They are now promoted to another class. We must teach this new class. The old propaganda they know. They do not want it over and over again, any more than a little child wants to read the same book over and over. Our opportunity is greater than ever before. The whole world is teaching Socialism as never before. It is our time to profit by it. But we must take advantage of the conditions of the day if we are to do this. Llano is the example. It is the most perfect and complete example of co-operation in the world. It convinces. We must direct the attention of every Socialist to it. We must get every Socialist to use it as an argument, the most convincing of all ar• guments. And to do that it is necessary to push the circulation of the Llano Publications. Will you help? Will you get just one Socialist of your acquaintance to reading of the actual practice of Socialism? The COLONIST is 50c a year, or $1.00 for a club of three. The COMRADE is 75c a year, ~r 50c in clubs of four or more. Both to one address are $1.00 a year or 75c in clubs of four or more. Canadian rates are $1.00 a year for either the COMRADE or the COLONIST. No club rates apply outside of the United States. �The W·estern C·omrade Page thirty The Truth About the Medic a I Profession By John A. Bevan, M. D., ColllDlbia Uninnity. (Inventor of the Oesophagoscope) Grand Ave. Temple Bldg., Kansas City, April 13, 1917. . . . It impresses me very favorably indeed." "I fmd a splendid philosophy underlying 'The Truth About the Medical Profession.' which goes· far deeper than the exposure of quackery, and its subtle sarcasm and humor are delightful. The writer's mastery of his subject is apparent, as is his fundamental democracy and knowledge of the ills which beset humanity." - Extract from letter from FRANK P. W!"\l.SH, Chairman of Federal Commission on Industrial Relations. "'The Truth About the Medical Profession' gives the views of an honest physician. Humor and sarcasm. ridicule and satire, abound in the philosophical book. . . The bugaboos of the medical world are shown in broad daylight, and the reader of this treatise will no longer fear the quackery of the medical leeches upon society. . • Hardly a phase of human activity is left out of the rapid-fire survey of human society. . • The book ought to be widely circulated. . . It is a sane, non·hys· terical, economic, philosophical, human document with an enlight· ening message."-Extracts from review in OAKLAND WORLD. May 4, 1917. RYAN WALKER. the well-known cartoonist, writes: "I have delayed in acknowledging 'The Truth About the Medical Pro· fession.' because I wanted to read it carefully. I enjoyed your caustic and keen satire, and I only wish that you could get a wide circulation for your showing up of the fakes and humbugs of the medical profession." --One Dollar a Copy-Order from the LLANO PUBLICATIONS, Llano, Calif. Law Book Free sTUDY LAW, and become the man of po,;,er in your com· munity. The farmers of North Dakota captured the Stale Government, and found that they needed law-trained men in office to fight the big iRteresls which have their lawyers in the Legislature to make their laws, and in the Courts to defend and interpret them. There are opportunities awaiting YOU. Get ready for them-study Law at home in your spare time. We prepare you for the Bar examination. Guarantee bond for refund of money if dissatisfied. Degree of LL. B. conferred. Hundreds of successful students enro.lled. Fourteen-volume Law Library upon enrollment. Low cost-easy terms. Be indepen· dent. Be a Leader. Write today for free law book-"Law and the People." THE PEOPLE'S COLLEGE, Dept. D, • FORT SCOTT, KANSAS. Reduced Freight Rates on Shipments of Household Goods from all Eastern points to California Wanted YOUNG MAN, about to take up residence in Los Angeles, wants FURNISHED ROOM with congenial private family. Ref· erences g1ven. Please address, stating rent by month, E. Geist, 427 Investment Buildinr, Los Angeles. Members of the Llano del Rio Colony will find it especially advantageous to make their shipments through the JUDSON Freight Forwarding Co. 443 Marquette bldg, 640 Old South bldg, Boatmen's Bank bldg, 855 Monadnock bldg, Chicago ; 324 Whitehall bldg, New York ; Boston; 435 Oliver bldg, Pittsburg ; 1537 St. Louis; 518 Central bldg, Los Jl.ngcles; San Francisco. WRITE NEAREST OFFICE. What Are You Good For? Did you ever try to find out? Are you employed at work for which you are best fitted? Do you KNOW or are you GUESSING? Your children - - what will you advise them to do? The science of Character Analysis will answer the questions you have asked yourself. It is not fortune telling. It is not guess work. It tells you what you are fitted for and gives you the reasons. It tells you why you have not succeded in what you have attempted and will show you in which lines you can hope to succeed. An analysis of yourself will cost you something and it is worth many times what it costs; but information about it- that is free. just write: "Send me free information about Character Analysis and Vocational Fit· ness." Write your name and address very plllinly. Send it to: P. 0 . Box 153, Llano, California CLASSIFIED ADS Rates : 25c a line for one insertion; lSc a line thereafter. Twelve words to the line. Advertisinr payable in advance. 'THE N E W EARTH." Ocean beds become vast fertile plains. Earth watered from within; even deserts bloom. Deductions solidly based upon divine laws. Fifty cents, no stamps. Cross Publishing House, Nuevitas, Cuba. f>+ JJA FOR SALE.-BREEDlNG RABBITS. BELGIANS, NEW ZEALANDS, AND Remish Giants. We can supply all aaes up to eiaht months. For further information addr- Rahbit Oeparlmellt, Uano del Rie Coloay, Uue. Cal. !!JIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllll\ll,lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllffinliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHIIIHIIIHllllllllllllliiiiiiiiiiiiiiHIIIIIII\111:;:! Can You Reduce Weight? I Information regarding my Obesity Treatments is contained in a =§= little booklet and consists of fully explained systems of dieting, exer· ~ cises, bathing, manipulative movements, and various other essentials to effect the desired results. Persistency in this common sense and proved treatment will surely bring results in your case as it has in i I others. No drugs are used; it is a natural and beneficial way of reducing Resh. It gives full details for daily conduct. In sending ~ remittances, state what portion you particularly wish to have reduced and emphasis will be given as to what treatments will prove ~ most beneficial. ~ Full $5.00 T realmenls, $3.00 Mrs. C. M. WiUiams, Llano, Cal. = ~ lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiUlllllllliiiiiiiiiiiRIIIIIIIIIIIHlllllllllllfflllmiOHHIUinRllfnl ~--------------------------------------------, Telephone Home A-4533 HARRIMAN &. LEVIN Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. ( �Page thirty-one The Western Comrade / June 30 Closes the Contest This is the month to get in your best work. The results have been gratifying. Thousands are reading of the Colony who had never before heard of it. Discouraged Socialists have seen the dawn of a new hope. Sane methods of educating the people to Socialism have inspired constructive Socialists with new zeal. Non-Socialists have been interested in the theory of Socialism through reading of the success of applied principles. Concentrated Socialist effort instead of scattered, sporadic work is achieving results. It is impressing the reading, thinking public. Now for a Whirlwind Finish The contest began with the beginning of 1917; it closes when the year is half through, June 30. W o r k e r s throughout the country are spreading the story of "Co-operation in Action." As soon as possible after June 30 the premiums will be awarded. Some one will get a membership. Someone else will get half a membership. Others will be well rewarded for their efforts in the behalf of Socialism. Now is the time for every contestant to do his part. No matter whether a prize is the reward, or whether the only reason is to spread the news of Socialist achievement, let's work to make June the biggest month of all. Let's have the story of Socialism in Practice going to hundreds of new readers as a result of June work. Will you do your part"? Literature for Free Distribution Llano Job Printing The Llano Publications have just had printed in the Llano shop a number of leaflets for free distribution. We ask your co-operation in getting them before the people to direct their attention to Llano and "Co-operation in Action." Here a re the titles; send for as many of each as you can distribute to advantage, ordering them by number: No. I. Civil Life or Llano Life? No. 6. Will Your Children FolNo. 2. Socialism is Succeeding in low i.n Your Foobteps? Llano Today. No.7. Llano del Rio Co-opera· No.3. Are Limit a Tragedy. live Colony Succeeds. No.4. Is This Socialism? No.8. Watch Co-operation in No. 5. Socialism in the Making. Action! The Llano del Rio Printing and Publishing Department is now equipped to handle job printing. Cards, leaflets, booklets, stationery, etc., will be handled in a satisfactory manner, and at pr:ces which will compare more than favorably with those found elsewhere. All work will be given the union label unless otherwioe re· quested. Every employee is a Socialist and a union man. The Llano Publications, Llano, California THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS, LLANO, CAL WANT JAN.- 1914 COMRADE! Wanted--A Comrade to take over a thirty-acre ranch and provide for two old people a few years, and have the farm or pay. A little capital and good reference required. Address: S. Whipple, R.F.D. No. I, Box 25, El Centro, Cal. «] The; files in the office of the WESTERN COMRADE lack the JANUARY, 1914, number. Anyone having a copy will please communicate with the Western Comrade, Llano, Cal. �announcing another $2000 contest firSl: prize~a LLANO MEMBERSHIP second prize-500 shares Llano .stock third prize-200 shares Llano s~bck ,/ fourth prize-100 shares Uano Stock · ( 5, 6,.7, 8th prizes-50 shares each, Uano stock other ·special premiums to all who send in more than 10 subscriptions Contest Commences July 1, 191 7 and continues until Dec. 31, 191 7 The Llano Publications have secured stock to be used in the Second Grand Membership Circulation Contest. The success of the Contest started in January and which closes June 30th was great enough on May I st to justify holding another, and plans were made at that time to announce it in the june WESTERN COMRADE. The day following the close of the Contest now running, the new one will begin. All subscriptions received during the last two weeks of june may be credited on the new Contest, IF SO REQUESTED. Send in at once for literature and supplies, for instructions and suggektions. Apply at once to be enrolled as a contestant in the new Contest. Be all ready to start at the earliest poss~ble moment. Write at Once for Full Particulars get an· e·arly ·start-begin at once The · lano Publications, Llano, California ( I 1 / . ,: I ·.~J., � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-06 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-06 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v05n02_191706 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-01 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v05n02 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Llano's Third May Day by Robt. K Williams Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/d6a1b4b5e2ccd64f61ac5cd26aee732d.pdf 85aa5b867575b7ccb96e8db8a5060d12 PDF Text Text ·, . . ; I .. , I Price lOc ,-;;.. J'J, Three Years of Achievement B y F r a n k E. W o If e Editorials on the St. Louis Convention by Job Harriman, and the P e r so n a I Account of it by Camewn H. King. ( :: _N~ext Month: "Celebrating May Day at Llano" .. ' '·~ e.~~~ €.~\'\ �The Gateway To Freedom· Through Co-operative Action T HE llANO Dfl. RIO CO-OPERATl\iE COLONY is located in the beautiful Antdope Valley, in the northeaotem part of los Angeles County, Sou them California. This plain lies between the San Gabriel spur of the Sierra Madres on the -south znd the Tehachapi range on the north.· The Colony is on the north slope of the San Gabriel range. It is almost midway between Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific, and Victorville, on the Santa fe railroad. The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony is made up of persons who believe in the application of the principles of co-operation to the widest possible extent. Virtually all of the residents are Socialists. It is a practical and convincing answer to those who have scoffed at Socialist principles, who have said that "it won't work," who have urged many fallacious arguments. In the three ye•rs since it was established, the Colony has demonstrated thor· oughly the >oundness of ito plan of operation and its theory. To day it is stronger than ever before in it> history. GENERAL INFORMATION The Llano del Rio Colony is the greatest Community enterprise ever attempted. It was founded by Job Harriman, May 1st. 1914, and is solving the problem of disemployment and business failure. It offers a way ~o provide for the future welfare of the workers and their familie,. An abundance of clear, sparkling water coming from mountain springs is sufficient to irrigate thousands of fortile acres. The • climate is mild and delightful. the soil is fertile, and markets are not far distant. The Llano del Rio Colony is a horticultural, agricultural, and stock-raising enterprise, with such manufacturing as will supply the needs of the colonists, with perhaps something to >ell when the Colony has grown. It is a perfect example of Co-operation in Action. No community organized . as it is, was ever established before. The purpose is to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employme~t for the workers; to assure safety and com· fort lor the future and for old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best schools; and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. It has more than BOO residents, makin~ it the largest town in the Antelope Valley. More than 200 children attend the schools. Part of the children get meals at the school; some live at the Indus· trial school a ll the time. The Montessori school is in operation, taking the children from 2!/z to 6 years of age. A new school building is soon to be built on the new townsite. The County school and the Colony Industrial >chools are both in operation. The Colony owns a fine herd of I2S Jersey and Holstein cattle, 100 head of young stock are on the range, being heifers and calves up to 2 years of age. Over 100 head of horses and mules, including colts, are owned by the Colony. These, with the trac tors and caterpillar engine, four trucks, and nwnerous autos, do the hauling and the work on the land. A recent purchase of Duroc·Jersey sows gives the Colony twentytwo registered high-class breeding sows and a splendid boar, the nucleus of n great development along this line. Many new pens ha e been built. Registration .,.;]I be kept up and the raising of fine hogs made one of the leading industries. There are also some fin~ lkrkshires. and a large number of grade sows. Much nursery stock has been planted, a vineyard of 40 acres put out, and man fruit trees set this spring. The Colony has more than 400 acres of orchards. Comn>unity gardming is successful and an increased acreage will be put in each year. The idNI is to farm on an extensive seal~ using all manner of elllcieDt labor saving machinery and methods. with apert and aperialced en in ch&ll!e of the clilfeRDt depmments.. Uano ~ JDOJe than 668 stands of bees. lbey are cued for h apert bee of loDg ezperience.. This ~ eap«h to M\~ senn.l thousand stands · a kw ,.,....._ The Calouy h.u secund timber from the San Gabriel Reserve, and has a . well equipped sawmill. Lumber worth $3) to $40 a thou· sand costs the Colony only a few dollars 11 thousand. Social life is delightful, baseball and football teams, dances, pie· nics, swimming, hunting, camping, all being popular. A hand. sev• eral o rchestras, a d ramatic club, and other organizations anist in making the social occasions enjoyable. , Alfalfa does extraordinarily well at Uano. Much has been planted and the acreage will be increased '" rapidly 111 possible. Si:t good c uttings a season can be depended on. Ditches lined with cobblestone set in Llano lime. making them permanent, conser e water and insure economy. They will be built as fast as possible. A square mile has been set aside for the new city. With the sawmill running, the lime kiln producing a very superior lime, and with sand and rock abundant and adobe brick easily manufactured, the time is near when permanent buildings will be erected on the new site. It will be a city different in design from any other in the world, with houses of a distinctively different architecture. Houses will be comfortable, sanitary, handsome, home-like, modern, and harmonious with their surroundings, and will insure greater privacy than any other houses ever constructed. They are unique and de· signed especially for Llano. LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS Among the industries of Llano, to which new ones are con· stantly being added, are: Printshop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, cleaning and dyeing, warehouse, machine shop, blacksmith shop, rug w<>rks, planing mill, paint shop, lime kiln, saw mill, dairy, cab· inel shop, nursery, alfalfa, orchards. poultry yards, rabbitry, gar• dens, hog raising, two stages, lumbering, magazine, newspaper, doc• tors' offices, woodyard, vinegar works, bakery, fish hatchery, bar· ber shop, dairy goats, baths, bwimming pool, studios, two ho tels, drafting roem, post office, commissary, camping ground, Industrial school, grammar school, Montessori school, commercial cla11et, li· brary, women's ex-change, two weekly dances, brats band, mandolin club, two orcheotras, quartets, socialist local, jeweler. T COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT HE llANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a remarkable form of management that is the result of evolution . The manAge· men! of the affairs of the Colony industries is in the hands of the department managers. In each department there are divisions. Over some o f these divisions are foremen . All these are selected for their experience and fit ness for the position. At the department meetings as many penons as can crowd an lhe room are ah~s v1 present. These meetings are held regula rly and they are unique in that no motions are ever made, no re1olutaon1 adopted an~ no minutes are kept. Tbe last action on any matter supercedes all former action and tbis stands until tbe plans are daanrad. The plan is working most admirably and smoothly. At these meetinas the work is discussed and planned, reports are given, teams allotted. wo rkers a re shifted to the point where the needs are grr.atett, and machinery is put on designated work, transportation it ar· ranged. wants are made known and 6IIed as nearly as pouible. The board o f directors, members of which are elected by the stockholders, meets once a wee~ and has charge of lhe 6nancial and business management of the enterprise. These directors are on the same basis as all their comrades in the colo ny. At the general assembly all persons over eighteen yean of age, retiding in the colony, have a voice and vole. M NO CONSTilUfiON OR BY-LAWS ANY penons who want to know how the alfairs of the llano del Rio Community are conductecl think, in order to get this infonnation. they must secure a copy of a con· stitution and by-law1. lbere is no co111titution. The Uano Cc.mmunity content• itself with a -declaration of principka- wbJcL io printed below. The mauagemcut of the Colour rests with dw boanl of managers. a member of which is the supct}nleodmt and his two auisfanu. These managers are sdeaal t.Jr tfaar £rtn.eu a:ad abaity. The busintss and 6r:.mciaJ albi.rs of tbe am- �~ : : ! : ; : ; ; ; . ,., prise are conducted by the board of directon who are elected by the stockholden. The corporation by-laws are the stereotyped cor· poration by-laws of almost every slate. The only innovation is in the restricting of anyone from voting more than 2000 shares of stock, regardless of bow many shares are held. As this is to be the ultimate holding of every member, this is considered a strong prot.,.;tive clause. The incorporation charter is also the usual type and gives the corporation the right to transact almost all manner of business. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, safe, and well con•trued. There is no disposition on ·the part of state officials to interfere. I DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES N conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inftexible rules and regulations the greater the harmony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a ~et of law• the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration follows: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over those of any individual. Liberty of action is only permissible when it does not restrict the liberty of another. Law is a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Commurnty at large. Values created by the Community shall be vested in the Community alone. ~ The individual is not justly entitled to more land ·than is sufficient to satisfy a reaaonable deoire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be held by private ownership. Talent and intelligence are gifts which should rightly be uaed in the service of others. The development of these by education i• the gift of the Community to the individual, and the exercise of greater ability entitles none to the false reward• of greater po•· sessions. but only to the joy of greater aervice to others. Only by identifying his interests and pleaaures with those of others can man find real happineas. The duty of the individual to the Community is to develop ability to Jhe greatest degree possible by availing himself of all educational facilities and to devote the whole extent of that ability to the service of all. The duty of .the Community to the individual is to administer justice. to eliminate greed and selfisbneS>, to educate all and to aid any in time of age or misfortune. T LLANO OFFERS YOU ESCAPE FROM- HE electric light bill, the water bill, the doctors bill. the drug bill. the telephone bill, the gas bill, the coal bill, the dentist's bill. tbe school book supplies bill, the sewer assessment bill, and car fare, the annoyance of the back door peddler and beggar (Henry Dubbs who thi11k the trouble is individual hard luck), the hundred and one greater and smaller burdens on the house· holder, and the lean weeks caused by disemployment 'lind the con· sequent fear of the future. There is no landlord and no rent '• charged. "'hile they are charged with living expenses, for food and clothing, the colonists never fear meeting the grocery bill, the milk, the clothing bill, the laundry bill. the butcher's bill, and other inevitable and multitudinous bills that burden the struggling workers in the outside world. For the tax bill he has no fear. The colony officials attend to the details of all overhead. To colonists the amusements, sports · pastimes, dances. entertainments and all educational facilities are free. W IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED HEN a member of the colony dies his shares and credits like any other property, go to his heirs. Only Caucasians ote admitted. We have had applications from Negroes, Hindus. Mongolians and Malays. The rejection of these applica· tions is not due to race prejudice but because it is not deemed exredient to mix races in these communities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. All household goods and other shipments should be consign..d to the name of the owner, Palmdale, California, care Llano Colony. Goods will be looked after by the colony freightman until ordered moved to Llano. All shipments should be pre· paid, otherwise they cannot be moved and storage or demurrage may be charged. Freight transportation between the colony and the station is by means of auto trucks. Passengen are carried in the colony's auto stages. In shipping household goods, it will ': :'. be well to ship only lighter goods. Cookstoves, refrigeraton and heavy articles should not be shipped from points where freight rates are high. · Individuals may own their own automobiles and many colonists do own them. All livestock, · poultry, etc., are kept in the departments devoted to those industries. The aim is to keep the residence portion of the colony clean and sanitary. P SOUND FINANCING NECESSARY ERSONS cannQt be admitted to residence at the colony upon the payment .of $1 0.00 or any other sum less than the initial payment fee. Hundreds write and suggest they be allowed to pay a small amount, or in some cases, nothing at all, then enter the colony and work out the remainder of their shares. If the colony permitted this there would soon be a hundred thousand applications. The money derived from these initial payments is used to pay for land, improvements, machinery, and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. It takes considerable time to bring a large agricultural undertaking to a productive point. The colony must proceed along sound financial lines in order to continue its present success. This fact must be obvious to all. The manage· ment of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unmindful of the fact that there is a numberless army that cannot take advantage of this plan of co-operation. Many letters come in that breathe bitter and deep disappointment. No one could regret this more than we do. It is our hope that the day will come when successful co-operative groups can say to their stripped, robbed and exploited brothers: "You who come with willing hands and understanding of comradeship and co-operation are welcome." The installment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month is proving satisfactory. On this plan the absent comrade is providing for the future while his brothers and sisters on the land are bearing the brunt of the pioneering. Families entering the colony begin to draw from the commissary. Some of the food, all the clothing, much of the material they draw, costs money. The initial membership fee goes to offset the support of families until the colony shall be on a paying basis. PLAN OF ORGANIZATION Fallowing is the plan which has p10ven successful: Each share· holder agrees to buy 2,000 shares of capital stock. • Each pays in cash or installments, $1,000. Eac ays in labor, $I 000. Each receives a daily wage of $4.00, from which is deduc •d $1.00 for the stock he is working out. f' rom the remainder com.s his living expenses. Whatever margin he may have ab&ve ded~<c ion for stock and living expenses is credited to his individual account, payable out ef the surplus profits of the enterprise. If an installment member falls ill, is disabled or disemployed, the Colony gives him every op· portunity to recover and resume payments. In no case will he b., crowded. If he finds it impoS>ible to resume payments, we will, upon request, issue stock for the full amount he has paid. This is transferable and may be sold to his best advantage. In this we will endeavor to assist wh~rever practicable. Corporations are not allowed by law to deal in their own stock. HOW TO JOIN Write today for an aJ.>pl1ca11on Ll ..ul-.. f,ll it out and send together with a remittance of $10 or more to secure your member· ship. You can then arrange to pay $10 a month or more until you can so adjust your affairs that you can make final payment and join your comrades who have already borne the first brunt of pioneering. The LLANO COLON15"T is the Colony's weekly newspaper, telling in detail of what is being achieved, giving an intimate peep into the daily lives, the smaller incidents of this growing, thriving institution. The WESTERN COMRADE is the Colony's illustrated monthly magazine, giving more comple te articles concerning the Colony, showing photos illustrating its growth, etc. The editorials, and many other special features, are making it one of the leading Socialist magazines of today. Address Communica~ions regarding membership, general informa· lion, etc.. to the MEMBERSHIP DEPA.JHMENT, LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY, <fl.ANO. CALIFORNIA For subscriptions t.S::the Publications, changes of address, etc., please w·ite TH,E L'.ANO PURLIC<\TIONS LLANO. CALIFORNIA �May Issue ~~- cQ~£11 Nineteen Seventeen Page Page "R. P.M."_______________________ _____________ :........................... 18 Cover Page Llano girls going through the intricacies of braiding the Maypole. The Gateway to Freedom ..... ------------------------------------ 2 Synopsis of the material contained in the booklet of the same name. Editorials ---- --------- -- -------------------------------------------------· 5 By Job Harriman. An interesting study in ""revolutions per minute"" by L. W. Millsap, Jr. Liberty and Play for Baby....................,................. 19 Prudence Stokes Brown gives new ideas in rearing children. The Thing in Itself (Fiction) ___________ ____ ____________ _______ 20 A study in characte-r by Clara Cushman. Three Years of Achievement... .................................. 8 Frank E. Wolfe, who has been right in the thick of the work from the start, tells what three years have done for Llano. Was Schmidt Guilty? _____ ____ _____ ____ ___ ___ ____________________ __ II First of the series containing the address before the Jury made by Job Harriman in this famous case. Triumph of Theory over Practice ___ __________________ ____ ___ 13 Cameron H. King of San Fran cisco tells how the convention at St. Louis ignored facts and dealt with theories and things of the past to the exclusion of practical action. Radicals or Fetish-Worshippers? ............................ 14 D. Bobspa, radical r~viewer of books, has prepared a remarkable article for the COMRADE. one that we heartily commend to every thoughtful radical. Llano Colony Adds 2750 Acres to Its Holdings ...... 16 How We Live at Llano ..................'----· ------- ---------- --- 16 The first tells of new property just bought. The other is Frank E. Wolfe's comparison of living conditions at Llano ~nd in other places. . Carbo-Hydro Phobia ................................................ 21 · A serio-comic treatment of food-fear by Dr. John Dequer. What Thinkers Think.. ............................................ 22 Synopsis of articles in April magazines. Reviews of Recent Readable Books ___ _______ __ _________ __ _23 D. Bobspa's comments on new and old books. ~ A Pioneer Woman's View _________ __ ___ ___ _______ ____________ __ __ 24 By Mildred G. Buxton. For 'Women OnlY----------------------- ---------- ---- -------------- --- 25 Industrial Education ... ---· -·---------- ----------------------------- 26 Another of the instructive series of articles by Clinton Bancroft. Courage -- ------- --------- --------- ·-------------------------------------- 29 A poem by Mrs . C. P. Stetson of especial interest to all co-operators. What Readers \Vrite Us " I have now decided to come to Llano within two weeks and investigate your co-operative enterprise. Inclosed find $1 for subscription to the Llano Colonist and Western Comrade." M. N. Hill, Ida. ,. ,. ,. "Please find inclosed 75c. I hope to be a member and with you before the year is out, but must have something to read in the meantime." A. J . Daugherty, New Mexico. ,. ,. ,. " In \•iew of the eminently sane attitude toward war set forth in the COLONIST of April 28, I want a hundred copies for distribution. Level heads are found now and then . everywhere, but you California Socialists seem to represent "organized sanity," especially the Llano group. At the present rate, you will soon formulate the policy of the Socialist Party of America . Grace B. Marians, Secretary Sooialist Party, Las Animas County, Colorado. HERE'S A WORKER "When I started to gel subs I first •ecured the names of a number of Socialists in my neighborhood. . . I visited them and left sample copies of the Colonist and Comrade, at the same time explaining enough about the Colony to try and inter~; ! them and to get them to read the papers. Then I would call in a week or two. asking them if they liked the paper. answering any questions they might e.sk as best I could and talk Llano until they became interested enough to give me a subscription. . Of the 2S subscriptions I secured since I began, most all became so interested in reading the papers and the booklet "Llano del Rio Colony a Success," which I always took with me. that after talking a little while about the achievements at Llano very enthusiastically, I had little trouble in securing subscriptions. Of course I met a few who were not interested, but these I tried to impress with the fact that the Colony papers should be extremely interesting to every Socialist, as they were different from any other Socialist papers in that they were telling of the actual working out of the Socialist principles . I then tried to gel them to subscribe for the first ten weeks anyway. Every one whom I could get to read the papers thought they were fine and wished me all manner of success , even if they couldn't see their way clear to subscribe. I sent a few subt to friends who were not Socialists; since then one of them told me her husband says T m a Socialist.' They think the papers fine." Mrs. Jacques, California. (Space does not permit giving more of this ~xlremenly interesting letter ; later it will be given in full in either the Comrade or Colonist. Mrs. Jacques is a systematic worker and is getting excellent results.} ,. . ,. BLIND, BUT A WORKER "I will begin by t~lling you of my handicap. I am totally blind. must depend on the help of my neighbors to learn what you have written me or what is printed in your papers. By searching the town I manage to find enough neighbors to read to me the principal part of the Comrade and the Colonist. I earn my living by peddling garden produce. From this you will see I am not an ideal agent to represent your literature. The Sub I herewith enclose I rot by giving him a copy of the Comrade and the Colonist and tellinr hill!' I thought them the most rational Socialist rea~J!r matter I have found . He; being a Socialist, thought so too, and the next time I mel him he only asked me if I had paper to take his name and address. I fished out a sub-card, and here C. D. Kaufman, North Dakota. it is.'' (Comrade Kaufman has sent us in a number of subscriptions ; he operates the typewriter himself and sets a splendid example of whilt can be accomplished by grit and determination.} �) Co-operation Political Action D irec t Action The w ·e stern Comrade. Pe Y ot ed t o t lo e Cau 1 e ol t It e Worke r 1 Entered as second-~lass matter November 4th, 1916, at the post. office at Llano, California, under Act of March 3, 1879. PUBLISHED EACH MONTii AT LLANO, CALIFORNIA. . Managing Editor. ~7 FRANK E. WOLFE JOB HARRIMAN Editor. Subscription Rate-75c a year; Canada $1. Single Copies JOe ; clubs of 4 or moro (in U. S.) SOc. Combination with LLANO COLONIST $1. Publishers and others are invited to copy at will from the WESTERN COMRADE, but are asked to give credit. Nothing copyrighted unless so slated. In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing department may be certain that the right n11me is being changed. VOL. V. LLANO, CALIFORNIA, MAY, 1917. Editorials No. I By Job Harriman - - -rE Emergency Socialist Party Convention, recently ment and provocation, but it is hoped that the party will act ! more wisely. T I held at St. Louis, has sent forth a proclamation 1 which, in our opinion, is exceedingly unwise and ex-' A political party that cannot raise sufficient funds to finance --- tremely dangerous. The causes of the war are stated its convention without borrowing money is hardly in a posi- the party during the war are stated with equal force, but are tion to declare war on the go~m_u.:t of the United States. That is precisely what the maj~ tne convention have pro- devoid of wisdom and are pregnant with unnecessary danger posed that the party do. correc.tly and with great force. and dire consequences to our The policy to be pursued by moveme~. If the policy outlined by the convention is adopted by the We opposed this country entering the war with all our power, but were powerless to prevent it. Now that we are in party, it will lay the foundation for an attack upon our organ- the war, this country will follow the same course that all belli- ization which will create consternation in our ranks through- gerent nations have traveled. out the land. This document will support a charge of conspiracy to violate pal, state and national ownership and management of indus- the federal statutes. The prison doors will open and gulp in and devastation will curse every city and hamlet. our ·members by the thousands. who know best how to direct the movement for the national- tries. Efficiency will force munici- War will empty the nation's commissary. Starvation And we No good can come to the movement by such a course. When we recommend to the workers, and pledge ourselves ization of industry to the end that suffering may be alleviated and industries may be so organized that mutuality of interest to "continuous, active and public opposition to the war through in industrial an<;l commercial affairs may be substituted for the demonstrations, mass petitions and all other means within our present competitive system, are advised to put ourselves in power," and "TO THE SUPPORT OF ALL MASS MOVE- such a position that our services will be ·spurned, and that the MENTS IN OPPOSITION TO CONSCRIPTION" if conscrip- people, who do not understand us, will turn against us' and rend tion laws are passed, we act in di'rect violation of t~ United States statute which provides that "if two or more persons us. The working class will not even understand our .course. This is not a labor war. Strikes may come and go, but the in any state or territory conspire to . . . oppose by force war will go on to the finish. We are all citizens of this coun- the authority of the United States, or by force to prevent, hin- try and the rules of war will be enforced. Wisdom, sagacity der or delay the execution of any law c.f the United States con- and good judgment tell us to take advantage of the opportu- trary to the authority thereof, shall each be lined not more nity to forward our movement as far as possible by national- · than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than six years, or both." izing our industries while the government and the people are If the party approves this position by a majority vote, the being forced by their economic needs in that direction. members will either have to back up, lie down, or go to jail. Whichever course they take will land them in a fool's paradise. The majority of the convention acted under great excite- It is for these reasons that we urge the party membership to vote for the minority report submitted by the dissenting fifty :.vhich gives their declaration of policy on the war. �'I Page six Editorial MINORITY REPORT BY THE · ~ DISSENTING FIFTY Fifty delegates to the EmNgency Convention, w~o could not agree with the war declaration adopted by the majority of the delegates, drew up the accompanying declaration and had their signatures affixed to it. This makes it possible to send this "Declaration on War Policy" to referendum along with the d~laration adopted by the convention. The declaration of the convention will be published in lea8et form in the meantime and sent out for general distribution. The decla ration on war policy of the dissenting fifty is as follows: · DECLARATION ON WAR POLICY. C ONGRESS has declared that a state of war exists between this nation and Germany. War between the two nations is a fact. We opposed the entrance of this republic into the war, but we fa iled. The political and economic organizations of the working class were not strong enough to do more than protest. Having failed to prevent the war by our agitation, we can only recognize it as a fact and try to force upon the government, through pressure of public opinion, a constructive program. Our aim now must be to minimize the suffering and miserx_ which the war will bring to our own people, to protect our rights and liberties against reactionary encroachments, and to promote an early peace upon a dem~cra tic basis, advantageous to the international working class. "'Furthermore, we must seize the opportunity presented by war conditions to advance our cprog~am of democratic collec.tivism. Every one of the other belligerent nations have discovered through the war that capitalism is inherently inefficient. To secure a maximum of efficiency, whether for military or civil needs, it has been found necessary to abandon the essential principle of capitalist industry. The warring nations have had to give up the organization and operation of 'industry and the primary economic functions for profit, and to adopt the Socialist principle of production for use. Thus the war has demonstrated the superior efficiency of collective organization and operation of industry. · Guided by this experience, we would so reorganize our economic system as to secure for our permanent domestic needs the greatest possible results from the proper utilization of our national resources. , In furtherance of these aims, we propose the following WAR PROGRAM. I. We propose that the Socialist Party shall establish communication with the Socialists within the enemy nations, to the end that peace may be secured upon democratic terms at the earliest possible moment. 2. We demand that there be no interference with freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom of assemblage. 3. We demand that dealings between the government and the workers in all of the industries and services taken over and operated by the government shall be conducted through their organizations, with due regard for the right of organization of those not yet organized. 4. We demand that conscription, if it come at all, shall begin with wealth. All annual incomes in excess of $5,000 should be taken by the government and used to pay the cur- T h e We s I e r n C o .n\ r ad e rent expenses of the war. If it is just to conscript a human being, it is just to conscript wealth. Money is not .as sacred as human life. 5. We demand that there shall be no conscription of men until the American people shall have been given the right to vote upon it. Under the British Empire the people of Australia were permitted to decide by ballot whether they should be conscripted. We demand for the American people the same right. · · 6. We demand that the government seize and operate for the benefit of the whole people the great industri~s concerned with production, transportation, storage and marketing of the food and other necessities of the people. 7. We demand that the government seize all suitable vacant land, and have the same cultivated for the purpose of furnish. ing 'food supplies for the national use. 8. We demand that the government take over and operate all land and water . transport facilities; all water powers and irrigation plants; mines, forests and oil fields; and all indust~ial monopolies; and that this be done at once, before the nation shall suffer calamity from the failure of their capitalist direction and management under war pressure. MAJORITY REPORT OF THE ST. LOUIS CONVENTION T HE SOCIALIST Party of the United States in the present grave crisis, solemnly reaffirms its allegiance to the principle of internationalism and working class solidarity the world over, and procla1ms liS unalterable opposition to the war just declared by the government of the United States. Modern wars as a rule have been caused by the commercial and financial rivalry and intrigues of the capitalist interests in the different ocuntri.es. Whether they have been frankly waged as wars of aggression or have been hypocritically represented as wars of "defense," they have always been made by the classes and fought by the masses. Wars bring wealth and powe r to the ruling classes, and suffering, death, and demoralization to the workers. They breed a sinister spirit of passion, unreason, race hatred and false patriotism. They obscure the s truggles of the workers for life, liberty and social justice. They tend to sever the vital bonds ·of solidarity between them and their brothers in other countries, to destroy their organiZation and to curtail their civic and political rights and liberties. Pledge All To Labor The Socialist Party of the United States is unalterably o pposed to the system of exploita tion and class rule which is upheld and strengthened by milita ry power and sham na tional patriotism. We, the refore, call Upotl the wo rkers of all count ries to refuse support to the1r governments m their wars. The wars of the contending national groups of capitalis ts are not the concern of the workers. The only struggle which would justify the workers in taking up arms is the great struggle of the working class of the world to free itself from economic exploitation and political oppression, and we particularly warn the workers against the snare and delusion of so-called defensive warfare. As against the false doctrine of national patriotism we uphold the ideal of international working class solidarity. In supper! of capitalism, we will not willingly give a single life or a sin~le dollar; in support of the struggle of the workers for freedom we pledge o ur all. Why This Orgy of Death? The mad orgy of death and destruct;on which is now convulsing unfortunate Euro pe was caused by the con8ict of capitalist interests in the European countries. . . In each of these countries. the workers were oppressed and explmted. They produced enormous wealth, but the bulk of it was witheld fro.m them by the owners of the industries. The workers were thus depnved of the means to repurchase the wealth. which they themselves had c reated. The capitalist class of each country was forced to look for foreign markets to dispose of the accumulated "surplus'' wealth. The huge profits made by the capitalists could no longer be profitably reinvested in their �) / Editorial The Western Comrade Page seven ~ own countries, hence, they were driven to look for foreign fields of investment. The geographical boundaries of each modem capitalist country thus became too narrow for the industrial and commercial operations of ih capitalist class. ,. The efforts of the capitalists of all leading nations were therefore centered upon the domination of the world markets. Imperialism became the dominant note in the politics of Europe. The acquisition of colonial posaessions and the extension of spheres of commercial and political influence became the object of diplomatic intrigues and the cause of constant clashes between nations. The acute competition bet~een the capitalist powers of the earth, their jealousies and distrust• ·of one another and the fear of the ¥ising power of the working class forced each of them to arm to the teeth. This led to the mad rivalry of armament. which, years before the outbreak of the present war. had turned the leading countries of Europe into armed camps with standing armies of many millions, drilled and equipped for war in times of ""peace." Capitalism, imperialism and militarism had thus laid the foundation of an inevitable general conflict in Europe. The ghastly war in Europe <vas not caused by an accidental event. nor · by the policy or institutions of any single nation. It was the logical outcome of the competitive capitalis t system. The six million men of all countries and races who have been ruthlessly slain in the first thirty months of this war. the millions of others who have been crippled and maimed. the vast treasures of wealth that have been destroyed. the untold misery and sufferings of Europe, have not been sacriftces exacted in a struggle for principles or ideals, but wanton offerings upon the altar of private profit. The forces of capitalism which led to the war in Europe are even more hideously transparent in the war recently provoked by the ruling clas-; of this country. When Belgium was invaded. the government enjoined upon the people of this country the duty of remaining neutral. thus clearly demonstrating that the ""dictates of humanity."" and the fate of small nations and of democratic institutions were matters that did not concern it. But when our enormous war traffic was seriously threatened, our government calls upon us to rally to the '"defense <>f democracy and civilization."" Our entrance into the European "(as instigated by the predatory capitalists in the united States who boast of the enormous profit of seven <billion doll~rs from the manufacture and sale of munitions and war supplies 'war and from the . exportation of American food stuffs and o ther necessaries. They are also deeply interested in the continuance of war and the success of the allied arms through their huge loans lo the governments of the allied powers and through other commercial ties. h is the same interests which strive for imperialistic domination of the Western Hemisphere. The war of the United Stales against Germany cannot be justified even on the plea that it is a war in defense of American rights or American '"honor."" Ruthless as the unrestric ted submarine war policy of the German government \'t·as and is, it is not an invasion of the rights of the American people as such, but only an interference With the opportunity of certain groups of American capitalists lo .coin cold profits. out of the blood and sufferings of our fellow men in the warring countries of Europe. It is not a war against the military regime of the Central Powers. Militarism can never be abolished by militarism. It is no t a war to advance the cause of democracy in Europe. Democracy can never be imposed upon any country by a foreign power by force of arms. It is cant and hypocrisy to say that the war is not directed against the German people. but against the Imperial Govornmenl of Germany. If we send an armed force lo the battle ftelds of Europe. its cannon will mow down the masses of the German people and not the Imperial German Government. Our entrance into the European conflict a t this time will serve only to multiply the horrors of the war, to increase the loll of death and destruction and to prolong the fiendish slaughter. It will bring death. suffering and destitution to the people of the United States. and particularly to the working class. It will g:ve the powers of reaction in this country the pretext for an attempt to throttle our rights and to crush our democratic institutions, and to fasten upon this country a permanent militarism. The working class of the United States has no quarrel with the working class of Germany or of any other country. The people of the United Stat-. have no quarrel with the people of Germany or of any other country. The American people did not want and do not want this war. They h ave n"l been consulted about the war and have no part in declaring war. Th•y have been plunged into this war by the trickery and treachery of the ruling class of the country through its representatives · in the National Administration and National Congress, its demagogic agitators, its subsidized press, and other servile instruments of public expression. We brand the declaration of war by our government as a crime against the people of the United Stales and against the nations of the world. In all modern history there has been no war rpore unjustifiable than the war in which we are about to engage: !ilo greater dishonor has ever been forced upon a people than that wliich the capitalist class is forcing upon this nation against its will. Our Course of Action In harmony with these principles, th• Socialist Party emphatically re-. jects the proposal that in time of war the woYking class should suspend their struggle for better conditions. On the contrary, the acuie situation created by war calls for an even more vigorous pro•ecution of the class struggle, and we recommend to the workers and pledge ourselves to the f9llowing course of action: I. Continuous, • clive, and public opposition to the war, through demonstrations, mass petitions, and all other means within our power. 2. Unyielding opposition to all proposed legislations for military or industrial conscription. Should such conscription be forced upon the people, we pledge ourselves to continuous efforts for the repeal of such laws and to the support of all mass movements in opposition to conscription. We pledge ourselves to fight with all our strength against any attempt to raise money for the payment of war expenses by taxing tho necessaries of life or issuing bonds, which. will put the burden upon future generations. We demand that the capitalist class, which is responsible for the war, pay its cost. Let those who kindle the lire furnish the fuel. 3. Vi~orous resistance to all reactionary measures, such as censorship of press and mails, restriction of the rights of free speech, assemblage. and organization, or compulsory arbitration and limitation of the right of strike. 4. Consistent propaganda against military training and militaristic teaching in the public schools. 5. Extension of the campaign of education among the workers to organize them into strong, class-conscious, and closely unified political and industrial organizations, to enable them by concerted and harmonious mass action to shorten this war and to establish lasting peace. 6. Wide-spread educational propaganda lo enlighten the masses as to the true relation between capitalism and war, and to rouse and organize them for action, not only against present war evils, but for the prevention of future wars and for the destruction of the causes of war. 7. To protect the masses of the American people from the pressing danger of starvation which the war in Europe has brought upon them, and which the entry of the United Stales has already accentuated, we demand: (a) The restriction of food exports so long as the present shortage continues, the fixing of maximum prices, and whatever measures may be necessary to prevent the food speculators from holding back the supplies now in their hands; (b) The socialization and democratic management of the great industries concerned with the production, transportation, storage, and the marketing of food and other necessities of life; (c) The socialization and democratic mnnagemenl of all land and other natural resources which is now held out of use for monopolistic or speculative profit. These measures are presented as means of protectinrt the workers against the evil results of the present war. The danger of recurrence of wAr will exist as long as the capitalist system of induftry remains in existence. The end of wars will come with the establishment of socinlized inrlustry and industrial democracy the world over. The .Socialist Party calls upon all the workers lo ioin it in a new slrug~le to reach this goal, ""'' •h•·• hrin~ into thr wodrl a new society in which peace, fraternity, end hu-,nn hrolherhon~ will he th• doninant ideals. Recommendations I. We recommend that the convention instruct our elected representatives in Congress. in the Stale Legislatures. nnd in locAl bodieo. to vote against all proposed appropriations or loans for military, naval, and other war purposes. 2. We recommend tht't this convention instruct the National Executive Committee to extend and improve the propaganda among women, because they as housewives and as mothers are now particularly ready to accept our message. 3. We recommend that the convention instruct the National Executiv~ Committee to initiate an orpanized movement of Sociali~ts, organized workers. and o ther anti-war forces for concerted action along the lines of this program. �Page eight ITl About Llano Years of Achievement HREE years of history of the Llano del Rio community, even if written as a sketch briefly touching upon the events that were of the most importance - -- at the hour, would require more space than could be found inside this magazine. Achievements have been many and continuous. They can be touched upon but briefly here. Starting in May, 1914, with a plan that was only defined in the one idea-that of forming an initial group for the purpose of solving the problem of co-operative production of the necessities of life-the founders worked their way along and as the scheme unfolded the plans took more concrete form. True, the man who first thought of the community had plans of large dimensions. He had not nor could he have definite ideas as to details and development. To him and to many others the vision of the future was strong and many were the dreams that were dreamed. At first it was all a dream- land, water, labor, a community, houses, live stock, machinery and all. Then slowly the dream became a reality,. The first land was secured largely on faith. A few improved ranches came in on options that were held with small payments and promises based on hope of the future. Then that hope became strengthened by the response of comrades and options became purchases and a stronger grip was secured on the deeded land. Then land began to come in through trades and other channels. More and more land was added until the red spots on the Colony map widened, and as deeds were secured these spots took on a deeper hue. With the purchase of the Tilghman ranch was removed the serious obstacle of a contender for our water rights. We secured a splendid piece of property, with producing alfalfa fields and more important, the tunnel and the undisputed right to the dam site. Then came other land which was obtained by trades and transfers, until the Colony was secure with land sufficient to support several thousand persons. Water development and conservation through improvement of ditches and cobbled laterals, clearing and improving the tunnel and by other means extending the supply, was a contemporaneous transformation from dream to reality. These two vitally essential features of the enterprise have always been recognized as fundamental. How much land has the Colony? This question is frequently asked. Many times it cOJ.Jes from persons who have no conception of an acre of land and could not visualize 100 acres or give any adequate idea of what an immense tract of land 1,000 acres is. To give them a foundation . let us say that a section of land comprises 640 acres. This is ·a square mile. Get a line on that, then figure that the Colony now has under control about 9,000 acres and that it can secure more as rapidly as we want it, or can put it under cultivation. Of this land there are about 3,000 acres of titled land under deeds. The remainder is under tax titles and contracts. All is safe from interference. Land for purposes of extension is available at a reasonable rate. We have under cultivation inside the Colony about 1,400 acres. Besides this, we have under lease for the year'5 crops a number of ranches. We have labor contracts whereby we exchange service for fruit and other crops so that our year's product will not be limited hy what land we have under cultivation. We are clearing land as rapidly as practicable, but this work can go forward only as rapidly as we can divert teams and men from the necessary work of planting, cultivation and harvesting. There is always need for more --- The Western Comrade By Frank E. WoHe men and more teams and it requires much clever manipulation on the part of the assistant superintendent, the corral manager, the head farmer, and others, to keep the teams <an the most needed work. To the farmers the land is of the most paramount importance. The gardener ·h as an argument which no one can meet. The cannery foreman can floor anyone who attempts to argue about the relative value of his department. "Say, don't you fellows want to eat next winter?" is an argument that makes the laundry foreman, the soapmaker, and even that important individual, the tanner, pause in any flight of oratory. The cannery m,an wins. So does the gardener, the berry man, .the hog raiser, or anyone in the food production or conservation department. But it all goes back to the land as the source of life at Llano, as in 'e very other part of the globe. Llano will always have enough land. Negotiations are continually pending for more land and deals go through nearly every week on the basis of trades. Recently 1,300 acres came in in one week. This added three ranches to our cattle range and gave us a I 00-inch well and a pump of that capacity. We have every hope of securing two producing ranches that lie back in the foothills between the Colony lands and the mountains. These will also come in under trades and they will more that meet the Colony's growing demand for food and feed. Equal in importance with the possession of land is the ownership and development of water. It is unsafe for a layman to write about the cons.ervation and development of water. For this reason the followi·ng facts and statements are taken from an article prepared by our engineer. They may be relied upon as being not only conservative but always inside figures and guarded statements. Llano's water supply comes from four sources, namely, the surface flow of Big Rock Creek, storage, reservoir, and underground flows. First: The natural surface flow of the Big Rock Creek, of which we are using a part at present. This water will easily irrigate 5,000 acres if properly handled. At the present time there are about 3,000 miners' inches of surface flow, later. in the summer the flow decreases to about 500 inches. Second: We have a reservoir and dam site. A dam 200 feet high will have a storage capacity of from 40,000 to 50,000 acre feet of storage water. Government reports show flood water enough from this watershed to be sufficient to fill this huge reservoir. However. the dam as planned at present will have a capacity of 5 ,600 acre feet. This amount of water is sufficient to irrigate at least 5,000 acres ·more of this land. Third: The underground flow, of which we can only. estimate at present. The flow from the old tunnel constructed some twenty-five years ago is 125 miners' inches. This flow has been increased forty miners' inches by ' cleaning out the tunnel to a distance of about 100 feet from where it enters the deep wash of Big Rock. This wash is composed of loose gravel indicating many hundreds of miners' inches of water; perhaps it may run into thousands of inches. We are still pushing the work ahead on the tunnel and expect to tap this wash forty feet below the surface of the creek bed as stated. One hundred and twenty miners' inches forces its way through gravel and mud a distance of probably one hundred feet and that alone tells us a vast quantity of water awaits us. �r ,· The Western Comrade Aloout Llano Those who contemplate joining us may rest assured as to the lp.nd and water problems. They await only developmeJ!t. The possibilities are almost unlimited. The conservation of water is reasonable, being under $25.00 per acre . . To the North, thirteen miles beyond the Lovejoy Buttes, the Colony owns a ranch where our range stock headquarters are now located. This lower pa.rt of the valley is a pumping proposition. On this ranch we have a well that furnishes I 00 miners' inches, pumped with a fifty horse power ~asoline engme. "It is safe to say that the souFces of water we h~ve, can and will be developed to irrigate 50,000 acres of land," says this engineer. "Come and see for yourself-and judge for yourself. The United States Government has set aside 60,000 ac res in this irrigation district. That means they say 60,000 can be irril!ated from these water sources. We say 50,000 · to be well ~nder the United States government estimate." Looking back over three years of endeavor in this valley, c;ne is struck by the horizontal rise in achievement. If the co-operators had restricted themselves to one little line of development, a much greater showing !)light have been made in that particular department. This was not possible. This was a matter of clearing land, plowing, leveling, fencing, plantin g, attending crops, and harvesting. But while this was going on there were the other departments, each of gre'!,t importance, coming forward with demands for labor, teams, machinery and appropriations. Horticultural activities could not be curtailed. Live stock had to be given attention. Then the numerous industries demanded a share in the resources necessary to development and expansion. The whole vast enterprise must come along with as even a front as possible · - the rise horizontal. The first live stock acquisition included about a dozen hogs. They were of indifferent type, with no breed or character. Since that time hundreds of hogs have passed the department. During the past year over $5,000 worth of pork has been distributed through the commissary and there are 200 hogs now in the department. This number will be reduced within a few days and then the increase will start upward toward the days of packing meat next fall. Great care will be taken in the meat producing and live stock department. No boarders will be ·permitted to winter. Each animal wiiLpay its waygo to the range or go into smoked pork or corned beef. Slowly it seems, but steadily, the herd of hogs has been changed in character from "scrubs" to pure bred stock. Blue ribbon Berkshires and Duroc-Jerseys are the sires of the rising generation of porkers. There are twenty-two registered brood sows of high pedigree among the Duroc-Jerseys and more are to be added at once. We have had exceptionally good fortune in having this department in the hands of a man of great ability and good business sense. The Colony's dairy herd was started with 83 head brought from the Imperial Valley in January, 1915. Up to that time the few pioneers here had little milk and not much butter. The herd is gradually being merged over from jerseys to Holsteins, but these two strains will long run equally strong. There are about 200 cattle in the Colony's herd on the range. Here again good fortune attended the community in that it had a cattle man of experience to take charge. Not only is he a capital herder, but as a real, old-time, ideal cowboy he adds greatly to the picturesqueness of the scene. He is affable and a source of inspiration to the youth-a hero to the small boy of the Colony. The range is excellent. The ranches with water in that part of the valley to the north are coming into the possession of the C~lony. There the bunch-grass, knee high and plentiful, furnishes all-the-year-round grazing for our stock. We want to run this herd up to several thousand head and that is a part of our plans. The dream here takes form as we go forward. We must have this herd because we shall ne~d the meat and the hides. The need of the hides will become apparent when we say we have a tannery and a shoe factory, a harness shop and a great need of leather for varied purposes. The leather thus ·far tanned is of ex,cellent quality. The shoe factory will turn out good shoes both for dress and for work purposes. Both these departments ·are in the hands of · masters of their crafts. Starting in three years ago without detailed plans, the process of evolution has carried us forward until we have sixty-six departments operating under managers and division managers. These departments report to assistant superintendeuts who have charge of the two general branches of the enterprisethe agricultural and the mechanical. Under the former comes all things that pertain to the general business of farming on a large scale. Under the latter the industrial side of the undertaking. Without regard to the division, the following is a list of the subdivisions where workers report to the time keeper: Administration, agriculture, agricultural implements and tools, alfalfa, architect and survey, art studio, bakery, ba·rber shop, bees, building, cabinet shop and planing mill, cannery, cleaning and pressing suits; clearing, fencing and grading; creamery, dairy, fish hatchery, general garden, general store (commissary), grain (corn, barley, rye and wheal), hay and grain, hogs, horses and teaming, horticulture, Llano hotel, Tilghman hotel, Mescal hotel, Lime kiln hotel, Logging camp hotel, Fish hatchery hotel, irrigation , irrigation construction and develop-ment, irrigation district work, jeweler, laundry, log road and logging, lime kiln, library, mechanical store, machine shop, medical, Mescal ranch, Montessori school, membership, overalls and shirts, poultry, printing, publishing, post office, rabbits, range herd, rug shop, saw mill, sanitation, shoe shop, Sierra Madre colony, social service, soap factory, stage line, tannery, Hart-Parr tractor, Best caterpillar tractor, large steam tractor, small steam tractor, transportation, tinshop, plumbing and stoves, wood department. There is a growing tendency toward mote and more 'independence in the management of departments. As men in charge of these departments demonstrate their ability they are given greater power and their advice is always carefully considered in business transactions in connection with their work. The planting of gardens and crops this year has been planned, and in part carried out, with a view to producing especially for the needs of the colonists should there be a continued rise in the cost of living and a greater scarcity of food supply. There are four acres in strawberries~ .which will b producing berries by May 5. Last year the Colony had I the sunberries it could use. In fact, considerable of this delicious fruit went to waste. This will not be allowed to occur again. Thirty acres are being planted to beans. This is outsi® the "kitchen garden." Eight acres are also prepared for peanuts. There are twenty acres planted to potatoes. The Baldwin fourteen acres in potatoes are in fine condition and the first crop will be taken in the early part of june, when a second crop will be planted. The seven acres on the Young place - �Page ten About Llano Llano's first dairy. The l~y shown here h a s been joined by many of her kind. are making splendid progress. Plans are made to greatly extend potato planting. Forty acres are planted to sugar cane, and this may be extended. A great variety of vegetables will be produced. Steadily the Colony pushes forward in all direction5. The rounding out of the third year of its existence shows remarkable progress and development. Extension of land holdings goes on from month to month and the policy of taking over land free and clear of debt is as closely followed as practicable. The Colony acquires machinery in much the same manner by trades and issues of stock. This enables us to increase the assets without incurring obligation. During the first weeks of May, according to predictions that are virtually promises, the lumber department will be bringing logs down from the timber land, and the sawmill will start cutting lumber for the Colony. Plans of the building department contemplate the com.Bietion of the new dormitor~. hospital. cannery, printshop, tannery, office extension, apiary department, and new cow camp. A new public kitchen and dining room will follow. The 8ormitory will be. 130 by 36 feet and will contain twenty-five rooms. It should be completed by the latter part of May. The stone is on the spot where the hospital is to be erected. This is a pleasant location in the almond grove, where it is quiet and the surroundings are ideal. There is great need for new housing for the printery. This important department is operated under great difficulties owing to crowded conditions where linotype, folder , cutter, presses, and other machinery are crowded into extremely cramped quarters. Highly skilled and efficient workers have to resort to many makeshifts to enable them to keep the publications movmg. The Western Comrade The laundry is in a similar situation and the industry is scattered. This will be remedied by the erection of a separate building where all branches, including the soap making plant, will be housed. The cannery will take possession of the entire building, of which it now occupies but one-fourth. In addition to this, storage room will be provided. It is expected that by midsummer the woodworking department will have an abundance of material on hand and the Colony spared any further burden in the matter. The Colony has in it; own trout hatchery ~ne of the most valuable branches of the entire enterprise. The manager of this department is building solidly. Six concrete tanks have just been completed for the young trout. This is the substantial permanent construction which will characterize the development of this interesting division. Two of the pools are completed, although pool No. 2 awaits lining. Several hundred of the breeding trout have been placed in smaller tanks pending improvement of pool No. 1. This season's hatch of rainbow trout is several weeks out of the egg, and the little fellows are strong and vigorous. When they are large enough to take from the hatching trough they will be put into tanks c:onstructed for that purpose. Several thousand will go into each tank and there they will remain through their fingerling days and up to the day of their removal to the larger lakes. It is planned to build twelve or more lakes in terraces down the beautiful valley when this industry can be developed to a point of several hundred thousand trout. These are the rainbow trout (salmon irridius) and are not only the most beautiful and gamey but the best pan fish native to Western waters. It is planned to put in a fall spawning of Eastern brook trout. This will depend on the completion of the new hatchery building. The material for this building is on the spot and only awaits the stone masons. Though much necessary and just as important construction is waiting all over the ranch it is confidently expected that the pools for the hatchery will be · completed in time to allow for the fall activities at the hatchery. This is but a portion of the history of Llano recited especially for this Anniversary Number. As much more could be written and then scarcely touch the subject. Llano's history is already a comjplex fabric , and it is known in its entirety to no man. But its development is now the thing of prime importance and the foregoing sketch should prove convincingly that Llano has progressed more rapidly and substantially than even the most optimistic had a right to hope or expect. In addition to the Llano dairy herd, many more will be brought in from the ranges within a short time. �(· The Western -' Page Comrade . eleven · Was Schmidt Guilty? (''Was Sc~dt Guilty?'' is the name the WESTERN COMRADE . has given to the address made by Comrade Job Harrim.,; before the jury at the conclusion of the trial of Matt Schmidt on the charge of dynamiting the Times Building. Schmidt has just been sent to the penitentiary after having been in the Los Angeles jail for about two years, to serve a life sentence. The COMRADE will run one instalmen! each month of this extraordinary document. It is the in tention to eventually publish it in book form.) the demand for long hours. low wages, hard work, and this came from the iron jaws of the Steel Trust. Their homes were . poorly furnished, their children indifferently educated, their wives were clothed in calico and cheapest cotton, they went to their work shivering and insufficiently clad: Why should · they not struggle to better their condition ';I Are we not all in the same struggle? Are you not struggling, at your trades, on · · - -ENTLEMEN: You have been told by the assista.nt your ranches and in your business callings, to better your prosecuting attorney that he prosecuted this case be- condition? And shall these men be forbidden the common cause he was sincere in the belief that the defendant heritage? Shall they sink, sink, sink, into a state unlit for -· - is guilty and because it was his duty as a citizen to a slave? the state, and his divine duty to God! We shall see later how And tell me for what was the Steel Trust struggling';! Was sincere he is as a citizen and with what divine conscience he it for food and raiment with which to feed their loved ones at home? Far from it. Their tables were laden with silver, urges his cause. As for myself, I want to meet you as man meets man in filled with milk and honey and sweetmeats; their homes were a common effort to solve a serious problem. We are only men . ·;·palaces adorned with rugs, and ebony and gold tapestry, and nothing more. We are confronted with a solemn obliga- while their families were robed in silks and satins and belion; let us face it in a plain, straightforward and humble decked with di~monds, and the doors of the greatest colleges manner. Let us make no profession of our divine duties or of the land were open to their children. inspirations, and we shall come far nearer the truth than if No! No! The owners of the Steel Trust were not struggling we are blinded with imaginary duties and influences. Our to earn comforts for their families, but they were struggling minds must remain open and receptive to · the last, and you for larger profits, more power, with which to enforce low wages must go into the jury room without previously making up your and long hours and to gorge their greed. Again I ask, why should not these iron workers light for minds on the issues at the bar. The real issue involved in this case is the struggle between food and raiment, light for their wives, their little ones, and the United States Steel Trust and the International Bridge their homes? and Structural Iron Workers. The defendant, Schmidt, is only No one knows or ever will know the suffering and privation an incident in the light. The prosecution had as well face these men endured during the long years of this terrible labor this fact without further equivocation. Their effort to con- war. On the one hand stoo.d the billion-dollar Steel Trust. ceal the struggle for dollars by the Steel Trust and the Erect· On the other stood thousands of men bound together by their ors' Ass9ciation, and the struggle for their lives by the union mutual interests, their nece~sities and their affections. The men, is futile and without avail. Nor yet is this prosecution means of warfare was the lockout and the boycott employed conducted for the purpose of convicting certain men of a by the trust. And the strike was employed by the men. A number of large erection and construction companies certain crime, but rather for the purpose of destroying the labor organizations, the only power that stands between the dependent upon and working with the Steel Trust were ogErectors' Association and the gratification of their greed. ganized and operating in all the large cities of the land. So For many weeks you have been held here in this jury box long as these companies worked independently the efforts of and compelled to listen to the reading of hundreds of letters, the iron workers were crowned with some degree of success. scores of magazine articles, and untold numbers of signatures The measure of success with which they met inspired in them in hotel registers in various cities, all to the end that they a confidence in t~eir power and a hope of better days and might convince you of a nation-wide conspiracy to destroy rallied them all into a solid phalanx, determined to reduce property and that they might cast the odium of it upon the their working hours and to increase their wages. They were American labor movement. They have labored in vain for the attacking force. They must force their wages up .or formany weeks to make it appear that the lockout in Los Angeles ever live like slaves. Every increase of wages increased their during the year of 1910 was directly connected with the war power. Every hour cut off increased their hope. And every between the Steel Trust and the International Bridge and increase of power and hope added numbers to their ranks to Structural Iron Workers. help them light their winning battle. . As the years rolled by the bitter war went on, with workWithout an understanding of the struggle between these two powers you will be confused by the testi"mony and you ing hours decreasing and wages increasing, until the year 1906. cannot intelligently proceed to a verdict in this case. In the early part of that year the United States Steel Trust, For years prior to 1906 the Structural Iron Workers had the great American Octopus, stretched out its terrible arms been striving to better their condition. Ten hours a day was and gatheted together all the steel erection and construction the sentence pronounced upon them. The dangers of this companies in the United States and forced upon them a penalty most dangerous occupation became even more perilous toward of "no submtssion, no steel," to refuse to deal directly or the end of the long hours, when the body and nerve weakened indirectly with the International Bridge and Iron Workers' under the heavy burden and on the dizzy heights. One by Union. You will remember that Mr. R. D. Jones from Utah, one they lost their balance and plunged headlong into the witness lor tht stale, testified in effect that hi! company was grave below. The death roll became appalling. The guardian forced to rnn an open shop--that the Steel Trust would not angel was never present. They fell from cathedrals and banks, sell them steel unless that condition was strictly complied with. By means of the resolution adopted in 1906 these companies from blocks and towers alike, whether they were building for God or for Mammon. The only voices they heard was were formed i'nto an association. Among other things the GI �Page twelve . re5olution provided that no member of the association should recognize or deal with any union; that all losses sustained by reason of such refusal on the part of the company would be borne by the association. This policy, if carried out, meant the ruin of the Iron Workers' Union. What chance would a poor, helpless man have without the support of an organization when' confronted with such a power? In such a case there can be no agreement. The man~ only submit; he does not consent. The minds do not meet. There is not a single element of an agreement present in such a transaction. There is rebellion in his mind, ever present, when he submits and goes to work. Why does he not quit? Why does not the cry for bread of his hun gry children cease ringing in his ear? Necessity knows no law. It drives him on into a dark and helpless future. lt may be that, during some time in your lives, some of you men have been members of unions. If so, you fully realize that the union is the only power that prevents wages from being reduced to the point upon which men can barely subsist- that those who do not belong to the union, as well as the union men, reap the benefit of the higher rate established by the efforts of the organizations. Again I say that if the policy of the open shop were universa lly adopted the union, with all the advantages it has delivered to the worker, would pass away. Every applicant for work would receive the sa me answer: "We are paying two dollar5 to two twenty-five for a len-hour work day; no extra for overtime. Plenty of takers ! Wa nt the job?" The helpless man would bow his neck to the yoke and go to work. Overtime was eagerly sought, not because these workers strove to lay up money, but because ten hours at two dollars or two twentyfive is not sufficient to provide the family with the necessities qf life . Long hours and low pay were, therefore, the rule when the struggle of the iron workers began in the East, as well as in the city of Los Angeles, in the year of 1910 before the lockout occurred. WOOLWINE-That is not according to the evidence. HARRIMAN-Oh. yes, it is. Turn to Mr. Grow's evidence, Mr. McKenzie, and read it to him . McKENZIE-(Reading from manuscript) "The wage for st ructural work here was 22!/z cents an hour and no extn pay for overtime." HARRIMAN-Are you satisfied, Mr. Woolwine? WOOLWINE-Beg your pardon for interrupting. HARRIMAN- Your pardon is granted and your memory resuscitated. Ten hours' work for two dollars and twenty-five cents . Would you, though already exhausted, have worked overtime if the welfare of your family had been at stake? Knowing the dangers to life and limb at great heights, especially when the body and nerves are already strained with overwork, would you have added hours to cover the deficits at home? And do I hear you say no? Then what would you have done? Quit )he job? Ah! listen! The cry of little children comes from your home. What would you do? You would do the only thing left to do-you would join with your fellows and strike for better wages and shorter hours. The issue of wages and hours is the point at which the line· of every great industrial battle is drawn. The hosts seeking profits are arrayed on the one side of the wages and hours line, and the hosts of breadwinners on the other. In this gr~at industrial battle in the East, the Steel Trust, together with the Erectors' Association, was struggling to force the wages down and the hours up, while the union men were endeavoring to fllrce the hours down and the wages up. This _is the line of The Western Comrade battle and the prosecution may as well face the fact. Equivo· cation will nbt avail them. This prosecution is not conducted, as they would lead you to believe, for the purpose of convicting a few so-called conspirators. This prosecution is conducted for the purpose of undermining the labor movement of America. Two dollars and a quarter a day and nothing extra for overtime, is the demand of the Steel Trust! What answer could the individual make to this demand? It is the demand of the powerful master to the slave. If he refuses to work the master lays on the .lash of hunger and turns the wolves · loose to howl at his door. You men of the jury must admit that the labor unions are the only power that stands between the weak and helpless individual and the billion-dollar Steel Trust, together with the powerful Erectors' Association. Disband the labor organizations or conduct the open shop, which is the equivalent, and you open the way for greed to afflict this country with a terrible disaster- a disaster so far-reaching and so searching that it ferrets out and grips every man who lives by the sweat of hi s brow-a disaster that means poverty, and ignorance, and corruption, and despair. Yet the Steel Trust commanded the steel erecting and constructing companies of the United States to pass and enforce with all their power a resolution-that is, to enter into and force a mutual agreement-that they, or any one of them, would not deal, directly or indirectly, with the labor union; that they would only hire men as they came; that, in so far as they were concerned, there should be no labor union; and that there should be no organized power to light to better working conditions. Only the individual man, standing alone, shall have the privilege of selling himself at whatever price those who wish to buy shall place upon him. His poverty and deg radation shall be measured by the greed of the powerful, and the luxuries of the powerful shall be limited only by their temptations. That this is the ripe fruit of an open-shop system there can be no doubt. That the destruction of the labor union s and the establishment of the open shop is the purpose of this prosecution, and not the prosecution of a few so-called conspirators, there can be no question. Time and time again it was testified upon this stand by members of the Erectors' Association that they would not deal with labor organizations; that they all ran an open shop; that they would not even negotiate nor confer with labor organizations; that they had not dealt with labor organizations since 1906; and that since the year 1906 thev only hired and dealt with laborers individua lly. Notwithstanding the lon g and bitter struggle previous to this s: rike. th ere was never a ny violence commited until after this soulless resolution was passed in 1906-no violence until the ~reedy corporations endeavored to deal the death blow to the International Bridge an::! Structural Iron Workers. · True, there was a little testimony concerning one or two instances. but that testimony was wholly unworthy of belief or consideration. It flowed from the perjured lips of felons like the poisonous fumes of hell. There were four of these felons employea or in some way bribed or induced by the state to te stify for the prosecution . There was Dugan of Indianapolis, Davis of Massachusetts, Clark of Cincinnati, and McManigal. These principal witnesses for the stale were all guilty of capital crimes, each endeavoring to perjure this defendant's life away for his own liberty. (To be continued next-month) �Page thirt~n T h e W es I e r n Co m r ad e r·riumph of Theory Over Practice T - - -. 1 HE Emergency National Convention was held under I extraordinary circumstances and worked under an tension. It is therefore partly to be excused I_ _ _i' especial for its failures. But at the same time it exhibited the faults of the Socialist Party organization behind it. Of oratorical talent there was plenty. Of theoretical discrimination there was a surfeit. Of political insight, of constructive capacity, there was a lamentable deficiency. Since the beginning of the European war there has raged among Socialist Party theoreticians a terrible controversy as to the relative importance of the economic, political, diplomatic and dynastic causes of the war. These theorists, numbering in their ranks our most prominent comrades, came to the convention imbued with the idea that its most important business was to decide by majority vole which group was scentifically correct. So, immediately upon arriving in St. Louis, they dug trenches and began assailing each other with conversational gas attacks a nd oratorical curtain fire. As an inevitable result the delega tes' attention was practically confined to the discussion of such questions as "Have the workers a country?" and "Shall we oppose all wars, offensive and defensive, now and forever, world without end, Amen?" Much learning and acuteness. also some ignorance and stupidity , were displayed in the debate on these burning theoretical questions. But it submerged almost completely the practical political situation, the eml!rgency that still confronts us, which is, "Here is war! What are you going to do about it?" The delegates took the attitude of endeavoring to prove to the "party membership that th ey were "Scientific Socialists," rather than the attitude of workingmen trying to build a political organization for the protection and advancement of their class interests. "This is the right theory. This is scientific," was the burden of most speeches. Those who argued "This is politically expedient. This will gather the biggest working class political force," spoke an unknown longue. So far as they were understood. they were misunderstood and damned for opportunistic heretics who would sac rifice principle for mere politicg. And yet the real problem was not the production of a scholarly essay on war, but the organization of the opposition to war and conscription, the detailing of a program of conslrm:tive work to alleviate the misery and suffering resulting from military operations and to organize the food and other supplies for the protection of the civil population. The weakness of the convention declaration lies not merely in its preliminary essay, which is good in the main, but iL a program that is essentially negative. The failure of the convention was that it gave practically no time to considering the methods and program of action in this crisis, but it devoted three days to considering theories about how the crisis arose. Surely the heights of political incapacity are not far away from the convention plateau. In dealing with the recommendation of the committee on constitution to liberalize the "penal code" of the party which now prohibits members choosing a liberal in preference to a reactionary where there is no Socialist candidate, the same dominil tion of theory, pure and simple, was demmu trated . Practically every state that has had experience with non-partisan and second election laws finds that its members. in large numbers, refuse to be disfranchised when the Socialist cil.ndidates fail to get by the primary. In hund~eds of instances By Cameron H. King issues of local importance remain to be determined aher the party candidate is eliminated. In some cases vital battles in the great class struggle put the Socialist candidate in the anomalous position of dividing the working class vote and throwing the election to the arch-representative of the capitalists. Facts were told to the theorists who dominated the convention, but they smothered those facts with the phrase "that all other parties and candidates are necessarily capitalist parties and candidates and there is nothing to. choose between them." They voted to retain the penal code in all its rigor, despite the appeals made by such comrades as our National Secretary Adolf Germer, Jos. Cannon, Dan Hogan of Arkansas, Anna Maley, John C. Kennedy and George Goebel. But they don't really mean it. They were challenged to expel those who had violated their blue laws, but refused to take up the challenge. In truth, the facts dazed them and, while not ready to enforce their criminal statutes, they a re hanging on to them until their vision clears again and they can decide .what change really must be made. This review of the convention may seem severe. But the · situation is not hopeless. There was a tremendous devotion, a splendid enthusiasm and earnestness in the membership of the conven tion. Their real fault is in the position which they have permitted to grow up around them . They have been cut off from the daily contact with th~; work of the organized working class in a large measure. They have not had con• slantly to test theories in the crucible of practical action. If the movement can be brought down and safely rooted in the facts of economic and political life the talents of the comrades at St. Louis will go far toward creating an irresistible and a fundamentally revolutionary force in American life. Five and Fifty If fifty men did all the work And gave the price to five, And let those fi ve make all the rulesYou'd say the fifty men were fools, Unfit to be alive. And if you heard complaining cries From fifty brawny men, Blaming the five for graft and greed, Injustice, cruelty indeedWhat would you call them then? Not by their own superior force Do five on fifty live, But by election and assent, And privilege and governmentPowers that the fifty give. If fifty men are really fools, And five have all the brains, The five must rule as now we find; But if the fifty have the mindWhy don't they take the reins? -The Forerunner. �Page fourteen Propaganda The Western Comrade Radicals or Fetish-Worshippers m - - -,IRTH, growth and death-ths inevitable law of all nature-applies with relentless and unvarying force. Organizations are not exempt from its workings. From protista to primate, from atomic to astral, from individual to social, the law operates impartially. The radical, whose belief was born of science, at times seems to forget the workings of its impersonal parent. Organization is essential to progress. Yet every help becomes a hindrance when misapplied or when a newer tool is required. We tend to worship organization more than progress. Humanity ever has created masters instead of servants. Indeed, the pathway to democracy is strewn with golden calves and misspent' generations in the wilderness of serving institutions created by the people. By this we see the same state of barbarism as of old today marks the condition of mankind. The barbarian is essentially a fetish-worshipper. While in every age the esoteric circle broke through the darkness of form into the liberty of the truth portrayed in the form, the masses have bowed-and do still-along with most of their "practical" leaders, before fetishes. Yes, we are a race of fetish-worshippers. Laugh not at the man who carries a potato in his pocket to ward off rheumatism or at our darker brother who sees in the left posterior appendage of Brer' Rabbit a propitious omen. Radicals, "advanced and serious thinkers" in general, no longer worship state constitutions and potentates. Religious dogmas they question, and topple from their lofty pedestals the enshrined heroes of exploitation and oppression. Yet many kave made but this one step. The worship has been transferred merely to different idols. Does your organization serve you, or do you serve your organization? Are you still the fetish worshipper, bowing in slavery to your own faiths, philosophical systems, party constitutions, ballots, and such "scraps of paper," attaching a superstitious and unwarranted importance to these? Or are you employing these useful and necessary tools AS TOOLS for the construction of a world-wide democracy of co-operation? Let us look for a moment at the meaning of the act when any group of individuals organize for the advancement of By D. Bo bspa society. Human society has moved forward with much the same movement as an amreba. This one-celled •animal responds to its economic environment by" pushing out finger-like processes from any part of its body to surround whatever food lies closest in its microcosm. Society, too, has advanced irregularly through the leadership of little minorities-thinkers who pushed out from the mediocre majority to surround some tiny morsel in the infinite ocean of truth. In this "absorbing" pursuit too many find satiety and insist that their tiny mote of truth is the open · sesame to the portals of emancipation. Every organization contains within itself an inherent tendency to ber'>me static, whereas society is ever dynamic. Here is the source of much of the difficulty of social effort. Even as we grasp (relatively) truth in the light of today's experience, new events demand a readjustment of our estimates-a readjustment which creeds, constitutions and organizations make difficult. I see an evil in social alignment. By uniting with similarly sighted individuals, a machine-a tool-is formed through which to propagate the light and lead to further light. We have taken a cross section of the stream of evolution, studied it and examined many details in the laboratory of our own organization- forgetting all the while that the stream flows ever onward, gatheri·ng strength and meaning on the way. In consternation we cry out for evolution to work itself out in accordance with our particular plans. We want evolution to work with us instead of reversing the process. We tend to forget that "the bird of time is on the wing." With various brands of radical salt we set out to decorate the tail of the fleeing social bird. Organization from the earliest development of mankind has tended, after the first warm enthusiasm, to attach importance to itself per se- to rest on the laurels of past achievement. The members tend to drop the scientific attitude for the orthodox. Within human limitations no other fate is possible for an organization. The movement is ever forward. The organization, after the highwater mark of achievement, is ever backward. Death-new births-death-birth. The cycle goes ever round so fa r as individuals arc concerned. The individual Lots of willing workers at the Industrial School. Note the teamster, showing equality of sexes as well as equal suffrage at Llano. will have lots to do with harvesting the garden produce this summer. They �The Western Comrade Propa&anda Page fifteen One of the new tractors bringing in lumber and cement. Both of the trailers were built at Llano. The engine is now being used on the ~·;... __ _ . road built to the timber in the mountains south of the Colony. dies; the species is perpetuated through the ages. Aeons see the species disappear; life continues. The single organization exists only to advance the ever-upward movement of society. Nor is one cause alone the corner-stone of evolution. Countless force> act, interact and react in the ramifying maze of our social fabric. The resultant fo rce is the measure of human development. The rationalist has been designated as one "who is religiously irreligious." · Other brands of radicalism tend likewise to adopt a faith to prove, living in the glories of the fathers of their movements, forgetting the spirit of these old leaders. So do members of other groups of people. It is a natural and (seemingly) inevitable working of psychological laws. Any radical group in its youthful days begins work on a new. social fabric. About the time they get the foundation laid the builders begin to pay more attention to the variety of bricks than to the nature of the structure. They also see others employed on the job under the inspiration of different philosophical fathers. Instead of all laboring together, there is a tendency-attributable to worship of the fetish of "MY" organization as an end in life-for each group to build about themselves a great wall, windowless and doorless, defying any others to enter. So, instead of a great social structure, built by divers workers, there is danger of a large nnmber of these one-room prisons of progress. · I say this is a danger. Perhaps I should say it is a hindrance. For there are always rebels among rebels who are ready to grasp the red flag of the revolution from its resting place to carry it forward. Come-outism is the saving ferment of radicalism, rescuing it from the stagnation of static organization. Hosea and the ancient prophets illustrate the point. These rebels thundered against the ecclesiastical and political exploiters of their day. Their followers of other generations worshipped them , but forgot their spirit of revolt. So. today, we hear much of Jeffersonian democracy, Marxian Socialism, Georgian philosophy, etc., but see all too little of the scientific spirit and independent attitude of the founders of these systems. When The Grea Adventure was launched in California to restore the land to the people there were authoritarians in the ranks of the Socialist Party and the Single Tax groups who objected because they felt the methods and some of the phases of the proposed law were not quite up to the orthodox Marxian and Georgian standards. There were come-outers in each organization and in other groups and among the free-lances and the masses when the message reached them. They swept the foggyism of dying worshippers aside, Conservatism is the price we must pay for any set form. Growth means change. Con_stitutions, forms, and rules, while essential-or at least often convenient-are to some degree hindering forces. At the best they should be elastic and relative, not binding-made for use and not for their own sake. There is nothing sacred in form and method. Results alone count. Radicalism needs a careful, critical self-examination today. We see the prominent groups standing pat in large measure, while individuals within are brea king over the barrers to unite, as in the Great Adventure and the International Workers' Defense Leagues functionin g over the nati"on. Do not overlook the fact that these men and women are functioning in new groups as individuals and not as representatives of the old groups. These older orga-nizations must emerge from the philosophies of the past into the actuality of the present if they are to continue to function as revolutionary movements. \Vhy worry if they do not so long as those within them are active? Let us cease to be fetish-worshippers. · Let us cease to worry over any particular organization or group. The Important matter is that there shall be organized effort. Let us not forget the end through adoration o[ the means. There is scant place in radicalism for the doctrinaire, the lover of constitutions and fixed authority, the over-organized, the orthodox, the timid, the imitator, the "practical" man. The hope lies in the rebel, t~e come-outer, the dreamer, the inspired lunatic, who plunges into the great adventures of revolution free and untrammeled bv creeds, constitutions and by-laws of his own or any others' makin g. [Comrade Bobspa is qui te well lv>own to the readers of radical publica· ·tions from his book reviews. The Western Comrade is pfad to announc~ that the book reviews will be amon ~ the good things the Comrade will be able to offer its readers. Page 23 carries Bobspa's first contn'bution.) �Page sixleen Aboal L Llano del Rio Colony Adds NE of the most important land transactions in the history of the Llano del Rio Colony was finished late in April when Comrade Harriman, as president of the Llano del Rio Company, signed the necessary papers which transferred to the Colony's holdings 2750 acres of land in the southwestern portion of the San Joaquin Valley. The land is a few miles from Wasco, about thirty miles from Bakersfield, and is agricultural land. This is the first large tract acquired not contiguous or nearly contiguous to the original holdings in the Big Rock Irrigation District. With the acquisition of this land, the Llano del Rio Colony will be able to make its first step in the plan to develop lands in districts where products can be raised that can not he profitably grown in Llano. The land is rich and productive. This district has lagged behind most of the San Joaquin V~lley in aoricultural development. having been held m large tr~cts used mainly as cattle ranges. It lies within the semi-tropic belt, and is excellent for such fruits as g rapes, olives, f1gs. with the possibility that lemons and oranges may be grown here to advantage. Alfalh also produces heavily. The new land undoubtedly lies within the oil belt of Centnl California. and as soon as arrangements ca n be milde, drillin g for oil will commence. An experimental well was stilrted on this property several years "ago, but capital was insufficien t and it was abandoned. However. it was su nk far enough so that gas was struck. and for some time engines were operated with this convenient fuel. Another well on the Kern lands developed hot water, offering some special possibilities of commercialization along the lines of establishing a sanitarium . This is an artesian well and gives a good now. lrri~iltion in this district is by means of wells. Sixteen wells are already drilled on the new Colony holdin gs. Work will commence just as soon as it can he mran~~:ed, and the task of developin g the big ranc.h will be hurried as rapidly as is practicable. Of course, no definite plans have been made for cropping the new ranch. as the final details of the big transaction were finished but a few days ago. HowP.Ver. as this is on.e of fhe finest fruit districts of California, it has· been suggested that a great vinevard be set out. Since the grape growers of Californ;a have become organized co-operatively, this has become a well-stabilized business and offers better opportunities than almost any other field. Peaches, apricots, prunes, plums, figs, olives, also do well in this district, and large acreages r,f them will probably be put out as soon as possible . As a pear. ~ople, and cherry district it docs not offer any nossibilities, but the Antelope Valley holdin gs of the Colony are of the very best for this pu rpose. The new land is about seven hours' tr,wei by automobile from Llano, with excellt>nt re ad most of the wav. The intention is to establish ;. camp ihere where men and horses may be housecl. arcd ;hen to farm it 0 How We Live at --,- HAT does it cost to live at Llano? How do your prices compare with those at other places? How is the high cost of living affecting the comrades at t~e Colony? - - ' What effect will the war have upon the Llano Commumty and the ' cost of living there? These are a few of the questions that pour in daily from interested comrades all over the country. Our answer frequently has been a general statement that we buy at thP. lowest wholesale prices and sell to ourselves at cost plus freight; that we do not overcharge or exploit ourselves; that we arrive at the cost of our own products a nd sell to ourselves at the lowest price and that we have the human trait of wanting to be kind to ourselves. In considering the comparative cost of living at Llano with that of the outside, we should not overlook the item of rent. just deduct that item from the living cost- if you live at Llano. Then eliminate the cost of social service. What's that? Well, your doctor's bill, the nurse's bill, the dentist's bill, the cost of wcial amusements, education and incidental cost of social life. All this comes under social service Table of Comp; and is free. Then you pay water rates. Cut that item off. Chicago You may not have hot and cold running water in Ap.'l6 your sink, but you will have no monthly water Butter $0.43 bill nor will you have it even when it comes piped Eggs .30 in the new permanent houses. Flour 7.00 There are no telephones in the private houses, Gran. Sugar .05! thou gh we have excellent service to the outside. Rice .06 No telephone bill. Prunes .10 At present the illumination is by kerosene or Cornmeal .02! gasoline lamps. Electricity is used in the machine Oatmeal .03 shop on night shifts and at the dances and enterStarch .04 tainments. We have, of course, no gas or electric Beans, Navy .08 light bills. Taxes on all property owned by the Beans, Lima .08 corporation are looked after by the officials and Peas, Dried .06 no trouble ever comes to the colonist from this Barley .05 source . Officials of the corporation work most Matches .08 harmoniously with the county, state and national Kraut .05 officials. Can. Tom a toes .07! Under. the general heading of social service Can. Corn i¥7' come all amusements. sports, pastimes, dances. .'12' Salmon and entertainments. These, with all educational Sardines facilities, are free. Lard Now we will grow more specific. In giving fi g.18 Bacon ures showing prices of some commodities in the .15 Pork chops "outside world," we take Chicago prices because .25 Beef steak it is the greatest food supply city in the world and .25 Mutton chops because prices are lower there than in most parts ·.18 Fresh trout of the country. Even these prices are conservative .03 Cabbage because the prices are higher in the' wealthier .02! Onions parts of the city and in those parts where thi! .02! Rhubarb verv poor live and buy in small quantities. .07! Spinach Ll ar.o products are pure and put up for home consumption. Our butter is unexcelled because, WI :~ �j out Llano Page sevenleen ; 2 7 50 Acres .t o Its Holdings at Llano By F r a n k E. Wo If e as an outside storekeeper once said, we "don't know how to cheat." The table on this page gives the cost of products at Chicago in April, 1916. 1y? April, 1917. ani in Llano in 1917. the ' In Chicago soap is 25 per cent higher, all cereals are 50 per cent higher. No quotations are given on vinegar, cider, or honey. Our present prices >m- are: Cider 40c a gallon, vinegar 40c a gallon . Honey at Llano is quoted at: Comb honey 15c. extracted honey 7Vzc, and this is the highest quality th~ pule sage honey. These are pure Llano products. We will have twenty do tons of honey this season. That cuts down the sugar bill for Llanoites. wn How do the prices at your grocery compare with those at Llano? tan We will have over 120 acres in garden a nd we will keep it coming. Our winter garden will be extended. Our potatoes are coming fine. We will have the a greatly increased supply of fruit and in larger variety. We are preparing om to enlarge our cannery. We are fortifying and entrenching. We are preparing for the future. The war situation changed our p lans in n's only one way; it made us come to a quick decision to produce more food and more feed. We may be forced to other adjustments, but in no other place can the people make as quick an adjustment as at Llano. An omparative Prices hour's notice- less, at certain times- is sufficient to bring the demilnded action. :hicago Chicago Llano Your At the General Assembly April 18th a motion <\p.'l6 Ap.'l7 Ap.'l7 Grocer was made that Llano set the clock ahead one hour. $0.43 $0.53 $035 000 ? .30 .42 Then came quick discussion, speeches were short, 0? pointed, but always constructive. Objections were 7.00 14.00 I 0.50 00000000 ? trivial. almost humorous. "We will use the sun.05Vz .II .10 0000 0000? light." "We will beat the Western hemisphere by .06 .10 .06 00000000 ? advancing to the European point of efficiency." .15 .10 000000 0? "We will add an hour to our day, and use it for .02Vz .05 .04Vz 0 00 ? education. amusement, recreation and 'joy of .03 .07 .04Vzooo 00? life.'" These were the arguments and they pre.04 .07 .06 ooooOO 0? vailed. The vote was virtually unanimous . .08 .20 .12Vzoooooo? "When will we set the clock?" "Will it be .08 .20 00 000000 ? next Saturday or Monday?" These questions were .06 .15 .10 0 oooooo ? met with a rather startling shout from all over the .05 .12 .06Vz 00000 ? hall : "No, no' Do it now 1" That settled it. The .08 .25 . 12 00000000 ? affirmative vote was by accla mation and Comrade .05 .25 000 ? L. H. Miller, the Dean of the Colony, whose flow.07Vz .20 .15 Oo ? ing beard and snowy hair made a picture of Father 000000 ? J' 7Vz .18 Time, set the clock ahead. Thrs brought a brief, Oo ? .'12 .30 .10 solemn speech from the ubiquitous wag that "the 0? .:t-4 .08 .05 hour grows late and we should adjourn." .t4 .27 0? Llano acts in concert. The spirit of solidarity .30 00000000 ? .18 .35 grows. Whether the question be food supply or be .15 .30 .10 00 00000 0? it any emergency, we can act within an hour. The .10 000000 00 ? .25 .35 efficiency commission has wrought wonders in a .25 .35 00000000 ? few weeks. Departments are co-ordinating more . 00 00 ? . 18 .30 Food prices ....d regulations will be watched with .03 .15 .02 Oooo OO OO ? great care. Economy and system govern the com.02Vz .15 .02Vz .. ? missary. Every department manager is striving his .02Vz .10 .02 0000000. ? utmost . ........ ? .07Vz .25 How does this compare with your hodge-podge out the re in the cut-throat competition? ! < 0 oo . . as huge ranches are usually farmeq, with a competent superintendent in charge. No attempt will be made to found a city there" It will be purely a subsidiary of the Llano Colony, owned and controlled by it. Men will be shi'fted back and forth as they are required. Many visitors, and even many residents, have failed to grasp the bigness of the Llano plan. They have failed to see further than just what is here at Llano. They have mistaken the plans of the Llano organization as being confined to this particular spot. But Llano is merely the beginning. It is the demonstration spot. It is the place the colonists have selected to begin showing what co-operation can achieve. It is expected that many thousands of acres of Antelope Valley lands will be added to theJ:ralio holdings here, but by no means are they to be confined to Llano alone. Now the first step out has been made. A huge tract of nearly 3000 acres has been acquired in the San Joaquin Valley, perhaps 200 miles from Llano, vet within easy reach. Where will the next one be? Do you catch the vision .of what it means to be a member of the Llano del Rio Company? Not Llano alone. but Llano repeated, multiplied. the Llano idea carried irresistibly throughout the West, conquering prejudice, spreading hope, extending the co-operative idea. From the beginning three years ago with only a few acres near the present town of Llano to holdings that take in thousands of acres in the Big Rock Irrigation District and contiguous territory and have now been extended over a range of mountains and into another great fertile valley, is a notable achievement. This is a day of tremendous interest in land, especially farming land. With the entire world clamorin g for food, with the governments of most of the great nations of the world looking toward the United States for food supply, the acquirin~ of these great tracts of land bv the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colonv takes on additional interest. Llano will be able to take care of her own people and to take care of them royally. In a few years most of the products consumed will be Llano-produced. There is no reason why suitable lands cannot be acquired for every material and food that will be neer!ed by Llano people. The eyes of the radical and progressive thinkers. whether Socialist or otherwise, are being turned Lla no-ward. Opportunity is greater for this community than ever before. With three years of steady progress a nd substantial building standing as a record of achievement by which the progress of the future development may be iudged, Llano can confidently offer to those who believe in the practice as well as ~he ot~eory of co-operation something satisfying and msnmnF;. On Llano's third birthday she is able to announce the first la rge outside purchase. Are you prophet enough to say what the announcement of two, five. or seven years more may be? �Page eighteen Mechanics "R. P. M." HESE three little letters do not look very dangerous here, but when we study carefully the affairs of today we lind that most of the misery and suffering which - - - we see around us are inseparably connected with them. This discovery is not new by any ' means, but the study of that connection is interesting from any .angle and there are always new developments. Man seems to have been unfortunate throughout his whole career, and he has not been entirely to blame for it either. Nature, entirely without his consent, provided him with the faculties of curiosity and ambition-in short, with a mind-and she also gave him two hands with which to experiment. Worse than this, she trained him to stand up on his hind legs and leave those hands perfectly free to get into trouble. This was a n awful responsibility to place on the shoulders of any creature, and it is not surprising that man has done no better than he has. He has had to learn, and the way has been long and painful. He began to use those hands and to feel of Nature's raw material. In that way he acquired knowledge as our Montessori children do, though his way was crude and painful. He felt rocks, learned through experience that they would crush his lingers, but after much pain and many accidents found he could roll them together to fashion a shelter to protect himself from storms. He took hold of tree limbs and found they would bend and spring, but in his experiments they sprung back and hit him. It was painful, but it started a train of thought which ended in the construction of the bow and arrow. He found that wood could be cut into sharp splinters, and about the first use he could put them to was thrusting them through his own flesh-through his ears, nose, lips, etc.-but in so doing he got ideas. He discovered lire. His curiosity caused him burned hands, but he gradually obtained fixed and correct ideas concerning lire. In much the same way he learned the use of metals. the pain of cut lingers finally teaching him truths that have been immensely beneficial to the race. He first hurt himself, then hurt hi:; neighbors intentionally, with his new-found tool. Eventually they got together and made the valuable discovery serve them both by bringing greater comfort instead of greater misery. Every discovery followed the same rule , and it follows it today. Man has turned every discovery against himself first, then against his neighbors until the effects were well-known, then together they have used it to the advantage of both. What he has done s_ingly he has also done collectively. Steam, electricity, gasoline, explosives, transportation machinery, flying machinery, pritM-ing machinery, motion pictures, microscopes- in fact, anything we might mention-has been used b.y man against himself. until we come back to where we started, to the consideration of R. P. M. R. P. M. is an abbreviation used in mechanical parlance meaning revolutions per minute, and this, of course, helps determine the results. At first all machines were hand machines and were operated by turning cranks. The term R. P. M. was not used very much at this time. Then came foot•power machinery and the R. P. M. increased. This seemed to be the right thing to do, but we must remember that ages ago before this it seemed the right thing for man to put his hand into the lire, and when he began to The Western Comrade 8 y L. W. Millsap, Jr. increase the R. P . M. of machinery he was destined to make a more startling discovery than he did in the first instance. It has not been so many years back thil.t man got the fever to increase the R. P. M. of his machinery, and at the present time that fever is at its height. Man throughout the world is suffering the supreme agony of his experiments along that line, and at the same time he is beginning slowly to realize that he can use increased R. P. M. to his advantage just as easily as he can destroy himself with it and that it is not nearly so painful. It is exactly the same as when his primitive ancestor found that he could use lire to warm his hands, instead of using it to burn his lingers. When man · had arrived at the age of hand and foot power machinery he had just reached a point where he could convert Nature's raw materials into a form that he could use and do it without much effort or loss of time on his part. Then he discovered that Nature's forces- heat, electricity, and light --could be harnessed to turn that machinery. This discovery looked so promising that his enthusiasm,knew no bounds, and when he saw Nature's fo rces turning machinery and producing necessities it fascinated him to such an extent that he thought all his problems were solved, and so eager was he to increase the revolutions per minute and turn out more product that he became a slave to the fascination and entirely lost sight of the fact that his needs were supplied and that he could rest on his oars, so to speak. He was feverishly eager to produce more and more and more. All of Nature's raw material must be secured and turned into finished product. Every source of natural power must be secured and developed. Material in astonishing quantities was converted into productive machinery as well as product, and the vast sources of power were harnessed to it with the constant aim to increase the R. P. M., until the industrial world became one mad, feverish rush to produce, produce, produce. What is the result? Nature is still wise. Man forgot that Nature had provided for future gene rations as well as the present and had stored her treasures in the form in which they kept the best. Man prepares material for his own use, but if he does not use it Na ture eventually converts it back into the raw slate ; a nd there is no escape from this law. One way or a nother Nature will accomplish her purpose. What was ma n to do with the increasing product of industrial machinery ? He could not consume it. hence it was necessary to market it. This fact enabled the more highly developed nations to force their product on the nations inferior in this respect. But no sooner had this occurred than they, too, began to make inroads on Nature's storehouses and .· to pile up product they could not consume. Advertising was developed and speed-up systems applied to them. Poor blind humanity 1 All it could see was SPEED. Man was delirious with R. P. M. fever and rushed on, until now, instead of opplying the abbreviation R. P. M. to the movements of machinery, it can be applied to the movements of nations and to the movements of groups of humanity! Revolutions a re the talk of the hour. We a re wondering how many Revolutions Per Minute we will be called upon to witness and engage in before the cataclysm is over, but through it all we can see some light. Mankind is learn ing that production for use is the only plan that safely agrees with ·Nature's laws. �The Western Ccmrade Education Liberty and Play .for Baby ITlHE good news comes to me that since reading "Concerning Babies" in the March Western Comra~e seve.ral have provided keepers fo.r those 1 ___ httle ones m the household who are JUSt begmn·mg to creep--yes, even before they had fallen over the edge of the bed, or tumbled down stairs, or pulled the tablecloth by the corner and upset the contents of said table on the floor. What teachable mothers! My soul takes courage. And they tell me the fathers helped! One father brought home a little 4x4 fence hinged at the corners; it could be set up anywhere from the kitchen to the lawn or the parlor, or folded flat and set out of sight if out of . use. He found this right on the sidewalk in front of a second- T mothe~s Ll ano's first houses were of canvas. .act~ve Pict ure taken in fall of 1914. hand store ; it cost very little. But the strange part of the story is he would never have seen this valuable folding fence, and never have known how useful it could be in his home, if he had not been reading the Western Comrade. Another very careful father says the fence is not sufficient protection from floor draughts, and he found a 2x4 dry goods box, sawed it down to the height of fifteen inches, assisted his wife in padding the floor and edges attractively, put on four-inch legs with rollers, and declares his keeper is very superior to the fence. My special point is the value of these keepers to the child's individual development and the mother's nerves and disposition, as well as the peace and harmony of the home. I speak of these keepers with the most profound seriousness; I am sure that I am not alone in my sympathy for the already overtaxed mothrer, who is kept on a torturous, nervous strain during every waking moment of her child's life because of the lack of just such a convenience as a keeper for the wee sprite who takes delight in scattering everything, from the ashes in the kitchen stove to the books on the library shelves. The keeper organizes the child's physical activity as well as his mental activity. In this he keeps reasonably clean ; he learns his first lesson in appreciation of an individual ownership and use of personal belongings, Here is his wee chair, his ball , his dog, etc., and no one disturbs his things. The slight limit to freedom is an advantage to his development in every way. Indeed, the keeper to the little child is quite as important as the individual home is to the family. Nothing can so effectually hurt a child's healthy growth, mentally and spiritually, as the constant interruptions it receives when allowed to go freely into everything. It is forever "Come, come, baby. don't get into that," or "No, no! baby must not touch ." What freedom is there to the child in what is usually called freedom? The more nearly a little child can be "let alone" while he plays, the more naturally he will grow and develop in every way. Page nineteen By Prudence s. Brown Take him out of his keeper occasionally for "a romp and change, and by all means give him some time to run or creep about the house, but this sort of freedom should come to him when father or mother is free to watch his rapid movements and divert his attention from forbidden corners without letting him feel the shock of interruption. This sort of care of the little one from ten months to the time when he can understand how to act in the home community will establish great peace and comfort in the household, save the baby ma ny bumps and screams, and the mother many nervous shocks. A child's first play is nothing more or less than unconscious work; he puts his whole being into the effort to make or unmake, to take apart or·put together, everything that he finds; he examines, studies and tries to define everything he can touch. He is, in short, a serious little student of life and of things, and he well deserves a small nook to himself, a place of safety and security from any sort -of disturbance or intrusion. As parents and protectors of babies, it is our first duty to provide an environment suitable to our little one's original research work. A bar could easily be made with supports that would fit over the keeper, upon which the pendulum balls could be swung, and these could be removed and the large halt for exercising the feet be hung in the place. As baby tires of any one toy, it should be placed where he cannot see it and different things put within his reach. That is part of the organization work. By one who was with Dr. Montessori last year in Spain we are told of a very happy device for young children. Very tiny tables just the height were used as the base of insets of varying sizes; then, with a small chair, baby could begin the experiment of taking out and replacing the insets. This would be a beautiful game inside the keeper. Now I .anticipate a question: What is to be done when baby throws everything over the top and onto the floor outside? Just leave them right there; he is quite intelligent enough to This view of Llano shows the newes t section, houses being of wood. perceive that he has deprived himself of the pleasure of playing with them , quite bright enough to discover the inconvenience of being without toys, and will learn, if you allow him the opportunity. to keep them where they belong. Leave him quite alone to his discovery, leave him destitute of everything; finally, when he is asleep, carefully put all of these things away where he will ·not see them again for several days. Don't for the world pick them up and give them to him; that would be fatal to his discernment of cause and effect. Trust your baby's in telligence; organize and observe and say very few word~ and mean what you say. �Fiction Page twenty The Thing • In --- S she washed the breakfast dishes in front of the open window she had seen him creep behind the fence I where the grapevine grew. Now, three houn later, ---- ' he was still there. The sinewy length of him lay belly down, but he was not asleep. His elbows supported his bulky shoulders, and at intervals his hands were busy doing something-she could not see what. A tiny circle of light played above him, like the reflection of the sun upon glass, one moment da rting hither and thither among the leaves of a neighboring peach tree and along the top of the fence, the next melting into ihe sunshine of the garden. She had read in one of her Sunday supp lem~nts of the amazing possibilities of mirror focu sing. She concluded that the intruder was manipulating a mirror with a view to obtaining a plan of her home; or, worse, the luminous circle might be a reflection from the gleaming barrel of a revolver! And his clothes were not reassuring. She examined him carefully through her late husband's field glasses. The loose gray trousers poorly matched the tight short-sleeved black coat of an ancient style, save that they, too, were of a fashion long since disca rded. The ill clad legs and trunk enly served to make the red sweater wh ich she had seen him so fastidiously fold and lay in the cleanest grass with his cap, look the more brilliant a nd finely woven. She hesitated no longer. Alone in the house, with this suspicious trespasse r at large, she would not sleep a wink that night. She went to the telephone and summoned the police. Two officers responded to the call. "Now," said the first, as they viewed the intruder from the housewife's kitchen window, "you stay behind the tree yonder a nd watch . I ca n easy get the drop on him while he's layin' like that. And when I colfer him, you come and help with the cuffs, if I need 'em ." Revolver cocked, he slipped crouchingly along the outer side of the fence until opposite the man, when he reared himself cautiously. The man was gazing intently through a magnifying glass. At what? Nothing, as far as the policeman could ma ke out. "Whatcha do in' there, you?" The man did not turn as he replied, "Watching the vme A 1 grow." "What?" "Wa tchin ~ the ten.?rils swing round in the sunlight. Please go away. I m busy. "Busy! You damned hobo, yo.u've been loafing there four hours. Get up and come along." He turned his face at this, and gazed at the officer mildly. His skin was dark a nd weather beaten, like an exquisite piece of tanned leather, to that point where his cap habitually rested. above which was a high, wide brow of almost marble pallor. His eyes were large, deep set and of a celestial blue, his cheek bones high and narrow, his shaven lips slightly tremulous, and his expression nobly serene. "Of what am I accused?" he asked. "Vagrancy and tresspassin'. That's pri'late property you're on and you know it." He still held his revolver discreetly cocked, as he eyed the man's muscular body. "Get up now, and no monkeyin' if you don't want me to fill you full of lead." The man dropped the glass into his pocket and rose, stamping his feet to rid hi-mself of the cramp hii vigil had entailed. "Yes, I have learned it saves time to go quietly, although I Itself The Western Comrade By C I a r a C u s h m a n am neither a vagrant or a trespasser." He slipped his hand into his trouser pocket and produced a quarter. "There is my visible means of support, and, as for trespassing, the vine and the earth I was lying upon .a re mine. I inherited them." _"Huh! Maybe you inherited a gun, too. What's that lump in your pocket? Keep your hands up while I look." But the protuberance in the pocket of his greenish black coat proved to be a folded razor, a cake of soap wr;1pped in a blue cotton handkerchief, and a handful of English walnuts. The officer pocketed the razor. The man smiled whimsically. "My toilet accessories. And my dinner. I dine every night at five. But come," his manner changing, "my time is precious." He reached for his sweater and cap. "Who'd ya inherit that fine new sweater from?" "Yes," he replied, "it is fine a nd warm. They are warmer when they are fine. I have learned it saves time to get them fine and warm, although I would rather have given a pint of my heart's blood than the three days of precious time I had to give. Three days! Thirty-six of my hours wasted, gone, just to keep me warm!" He threw out his arms in a passionate gesture. "When I should have been at my task! Picking hops! And I could not stop to watch them grow! It was 'Hurry, hurry, hurry!' But the ache in my shoulders warned me. It said, 'You must keep me wa rm or I will hurt you. Then you will become ill and cannot complete your task.' So I wasted three days earning the money." His delicate upper lip trembled, then he subsided into his customary serenity. "But come, come, come! Let us get through that I may be on my way." The bluecoat turned to his assista nt. "Nobody home,' he said, tapping his forehead significantly; then more kindly, to the intruder: "Now just put your mitts in here and come ala n ~ quiet, and we won't have any trouble." In an undertone to his companion, "You never can tell about these here nuts.'' The prisoner meekly held out his hands and, in doing so, for the first time observed his captor. Instantly his face became alive as he peered into the officer's face. "Amazing! ·· he whispered to himself. " A marvelous specimen 1 Ah, if I could but keep him for obs-:-rvation! A case of atavismthe flatness above the bra in . the sloping forehead, the wide nose, the- -" He lifted his manacled hands to trace the officer's features. The assistant grabbed him and the bluecoat retreated. For the second time the intruder smiled. "I ask your pardon. I am afflicted with absence of mind. But come, come, come!" At the city marshal's office a further search revealed a notebook and pencil. and a book, "Sinnesorgane in Pflanzenreich." That was all. "Mebbe it's one of them anarchist books," the "marvelous specimen" suggested. "You never can tell about these here nuts ." "May I go now?" the prisoner asked. "I have a great deal to do before night.'' "What's your name?" "Theodore Beckman." "How old a re ya'?" "Thirty-seven." "Where diqja' come from?" (Continued on page 28) �r l The Western Comrade Heal t!. -Carbo-Hydro Phobia -----,HE word "phobia" means fear. Hence hydrophobia means the fear of water. and photophobia the fear : of light-and so on. He who fears anything unrea__ ::___j sonably is on that point a phobiac. In Llano we have noticed the presence of a rather strange variety of the phobies. It manifests as an uanatural and un- · reasoned fear of starch. This would class the disease as carbo-hydro phobia. In mo~t cases it runs a mild course and passes away with the arrival of garden vegetables. In other cases it persists and defies all treatment. It is contagious, but rarely fatal. No cocci germ is responsible for its spread. It rarely affects the physical organism. It is a purely mental disease which produces a psychic state in which the patient attributes all the ills of the flesh from a sore toe to a bald head to the presence of an imaginary superfluity of starch in whatever he may have to eat. We have discovered, however, that the disease is not endemic-that is, it is not a Llano product. It was imported from other communities, who, perhap, rejoice in their export. The malady originated in the top ends of certain diet enthusiasts, and it is transmitted to the lay folk by means of preachment and suggestion. Starch is the cause of all their woe-physically, mentally. and socially. Their afflictions come from their starchy diet. Those that hear and believe-catch it. "What do the Llanoites eat that makes so many of them til?" wrote a friend of mine who had been in correspondence with a local sufferer from the disease under discussion. I answered: "We eat during the winter months- when fresh vegetables are -hard to get-bread, butter, beans, macaroni, rice, tomatoes, apples, with now and then a little meat, the latter no! very often-say twice a month. Fish is had occasionally. Mush of some sort may be had every morning. We drink coffee and tea, and have a fair amount of milk-not always all we want, but enough to keep healthy. This is our fare during the hard part of the winter. No one died of sta rvation or grew excessively lean except those who were so unfortunate as to become afflicted." Now, if we consider that our people come from · different climates, that they live-many of them-under pioneer conditions, you will find that Llano is a supremely healthy com!Tiunity. We have the pure, dry air. the clear water and pleasant climate that cannot but make for health. To those who do not burden their souls with borrowed troubles and who engage in active, constructive thought and labor, Llano is a place favored by nature. Man will keep healthy even on her winter menu. Let us carefuly analyze the food of the Llanoites and see if there is any excuse for people who catch this new-fangled phobia. Bread here, as elsewhere, is the staff of life. It, specially in its white form, is a ~pook to our patient. It contains starch. Surely, and starch we need. It is an element in any diet. But bread is not starch alone. It contains gluten, and gluten is a protein product and is equally as essential to life as starch. Bread is generally eaten with butter or peanut butter, which adds to its nutritive value. The late Dr. Austin Flint, one of America's foremost physiologists, has said of wheat: "In many vegetable grains known as cereals there exist, in variable proportions, a highly nutritive nitrogenized substance called gluten. This is found in great abundance (from !0 to 35 per cent) in wheat." And again: T I Page twenty-one By D r. J o h n D e q u e r "The nutnhve power of gluten . is so great, and it contains such a variety of alimentary principles, that dogs are well nourished and can live indefinitely on it, when tak; n as the sole article of food." Of course, dogs, being by nature meat eaters, would suffer more quickly than men. But they have an advantage: They are of lower intelligence, and, therefore, · are immune to this new phobia. By kneading white flour under a gently flowing stream of water the starch is removed from it-a process used in the manufacture of macaroni, and which may be still further carried out by the cook. Yet at macaroni, which at best is only partially starch, the victim shies like a broncho at tumbleweed. Besides starch and gluten, wheat flour used in the making of bread and macaroni contains vegetable fibrin, a substance analogous to muscular fibri·n; vegetable albumen, similar to that found in the white of an egg or in meat. These are nitrogenous substances for which the sufferer thinks he is starving. Nitrogenous substances .are needed by the organism. They are of great importance and are found in mZ~ ny forms in the vegetable kingdom, from which every living being gets them either directly or indirectly. The sufferer from carbo-hydro phobia thinks he is dying from the want of them, while he eats bread on which a carnivorous dog will thrive. The two classes of food of chief importance in the vegetable Municipal Wood Yard at Llano world are those represented, first, by gluten in wheat, and, second, by legumine in beans and !leas. Vegetable albumen is to be found in turnips, carrots:cabbages and so forth. The nutritive qualities of vegetable and animal albumen are identical. In the dreaded starches served to the people at Llano a chemist will tell you that you will find the following nitrogenous substances for which our victim imagines he starves: Gluten, in bread, macaroni, oatmeal, and other breakfast foods, togeth~r with vegetable albumen, vegetable fibrin and vegetable casem. We are, however, not" vegetarians-as any member of the flock or herd will discover. We have butter, not in abundance, not enough for our pleasure, but with salad oil and peanut butter we make it do. None of these last mentioned contain starch, although some contain sugar, to which our organism finally converts all starch. We eat meat occasionally, as we can afford it, also fish. And when all is said, the time of year considered, and the food supply cooked as it ought to be, the food of Llano will sustain abundantly the efforts required by the men and women here. And there is no excuse for anybody to suffer with carbo-hydro phobia. Nature has given us in the so-called starch foods enough of the opposite, even without meat, to balance the ration for most of us. �The Western Comrade Maraziae Summar)' Page twenty-two • What Thinkers Think The Substance .of Instructive Articles In April Magazines ATLANTIC WORLD'S WORK Education As Mental Discipliae.-American education is dominated by the theory that there are general faculties of memory, reasonins and observation which can be developed by arbitrary ·mechanical exercises. ""Content education"" holds that the subiects taught must contain elements of specific experience, problems and activities which mean something to the child. The child who explains that you are "not expected to understand algebra, only to do it,"' and the hopeless failure of the language work, not only in Latin but in English, illuminate the mistake at the bas~ of the mental discipline idea. It has recently been computed that the efficiency of Latin teaching in one state was between ten and fifteen per cent. Does such a record as this guarantee training or does it indicate DAMAGE to the mind and character? Culture studies are desirable when they are taught in a way that makes them a permanent factor in a child"s interest.AbrahaiR Flexner. LITERARY DIGEST A Tuaael From Eqlaad to Fraace.-The British are now in favor of the project of a tunnel under the Channel. If they bad it now and it shortened the war by only two days the saving in actual money would pay the whole cost of construction. It will be the longest tunnel in the world, thirty-three miles long. The plan is to drive two tubes through the lower grey chalk, which is impervious Ia moisture, and to drive secondary tunnels which will slope in the opposite direction, being low at the shore and high in the middle. These will drain the tunnel a nd serve lu carry off the excavated material. With this system they can be working at several sections of the main tunnel at the same time. It is not considered at present that the defense of the tunnel offers any difficulties.-G. D. Knox. Tbe Hygiene of Type.-Arthur E. Boswick calls attention to the fact that the diminu ti ve size of the type in which books are printed is a menace to our eyesight. Searching for books in l~rge type suitable for tired eyes he has only been able to collect four hundred volumes. Ten point is recommended for ordinary use. Fourteen point for tired eyes, and thirty point for children under seven. The eye adapts itself to a standard length of line, and wide columns invoke extra fatigue. Standardization of size of type and width of columns is to be recommended. PEARSON'S Uncle Sam's Dishonest Servants.-ln discussing ou r so-called ""public servants" I shall not mention the pension scandal nor the pork barrel. but. I want to draw atten tion to the minor thefts of our United States Senators and Congressmen. There are laws that provide positively that a government employe shall receive only his actual expenses when travelling on official business. Congress pays itself mileage of twenty cents a mile and admi ts that it is excessive. Besides this, at one session wh1ch ended at the moment the next session opened. the members not even leaving their seats, the members were very indignant that they did not get • the 226,000 dollars due them on mileage to and from their homes . There is an allowance of $1500 a year for clerk hire; many members give the largest part of this to members of their families for nominal services. There are an immense number of sinecu res used to promote the personal interests of Senators and Congressmen. 0Ae Federal Judge possessed of great wealt'-, was retired on full pay, $6,500 a year. He was theh. elected to the Senate. His average attendance has been 14 days a year. He draws $7,500 a year for this. gets his mileage allowance and keeps an office force at $6,000 more to make excuses .for his absence. The abuse of personal privilege is ano ther public scandal.- R. Sackett. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY A Power House as a Futurist Painter Sees lt.-The Futurists try hard to translate motion into color and line. Miss Stevens calls her picture of a power house, pictorial velocity. She says there has been no attempt in art to find a method adequate to express !he vastness and stupendous activity of events today. Anything moving rapidly loses its definite form in lines of direction. Motion and light destroy the solidity of material bodies. Those artists who paint mechanical forms have achieved nothing of the life, or force, or purpose of the object. The futurists make their engines move, throb, create. Something is always happening in a futurist"s pictures and the great variety of color and changing lines helps to convey thi• lmpression. SATURDAY EVENING POST Russian Democracy at Work.-Russian democracy today has the army with it and limitless financial credit. What is less realized here, the Russian, thanks to the village Mirs, the municipal councils and the rur~l Zemstvos, have a vital tradition of democracy and a broad experience in self-government. The Mir is the peasant village organization, and transacts its business on a basis of democracy and communism more direct and simple than our Colonial town meetings. Calling themselves the group of toil they composed a third of the first Duma and surprised all by their political sagacity. The zemstvos a re county and provincial councils, in· tensely and heroically democratic in their ac ti vities . Imprisoned and exiled for their social service work by the bureaucracy, by a miracle of what Kropotkin calls "mutual aid" they developed their ex tralegal activities under the leadership of Prince Lvov, now premier of New Russia. In spite of their parliamentary strength they failed to democratize ussia because . they had not the support of the army and the internat" al bankers. The new army has drawn its officers from the ""I 1gentzia,"" almost wholly radical, and the bankers have come to the support of the Republic because the Autocracy had proved a rotten reed in conducting the war. -Arthur Bullard. THE NEW REPUBLIC Four justices of the United States Supreme Court believe that the Oregon Minimum Wage law is constitutional; four believe tha t it is un constitutional. Owing to the form under which the case was appealed, this equal division validates the 'law. If the form had been slightly different it would have been invalidated. On such precarious chances the fate of a law of the first importance has depended. The delay of four years consumed in fighting the case has also discouraged various groups of people interested, and the popular impulse which started the movement has been diverted into other channels. Nothing could bring more strikingly to ligh t the constant peril of leaving to the Courts their present power of reviewing legislation . This is too heavy a price to pay for an antiquated constitutional remnant of our forefathers distrust of democracies. HARPER'S THE OUTLOOK The Safe and Useful Aeroplane. An Interview With. Orville Wricbt.The aeroplane, by taking the element of surprise out of warfare, will have a tendency to make it impossible. It will also have a large share in developing the new type of civilization which will come after the war. But extravagant claims must not be made for it. Large planes will never be practical for the same reason that thero are no birds that compare in size with mammals. The weight of a hird increases as its cube, whereas the area of the wings increases as its sqtJare. The aeropl~ne surpasses in safety and in swiftness all other means of transportation. An aeroplane sails just as well upside down. The stopping of the machine only means that you have to volplane down. The one difficulty to deal with is the establishing of proper landing pl~.es all over the country. Prisoners' MaiL-In a summary showing mediaeval custom being practiced in the re•triction of the mail of the inmates of most American State prisons, Mr. J. J . Sanders gives a report of the regulations in the different states. Some States only allow one letter every two months. 500,000 penons pass through Americ-an prisons every year, and the prime source ef this stream is ignorance. Everything that can awaken their intelligence is valuable, e5pecially familiarity with current events and communication with relatives and friends. No prison riots occur in the States where letter writing is unrestricted. Nothing will make a person more morose than b.:ing cut o~ fro'? his loved ones, and free communication keeps their mmdt occupted wtth wholesome and elevating thoughts. Commission ControL-Competitive production having failed, co-operative production is being organized in the industrial corporations. These corporations will combine first in like industries ,and finally in the one industrial corporation of the United States. There has been a childish desire on the part of the people to break up these combinations, but the inftexible law of nature is behind them. Previous to government ownership the same process of governmental administration of private corporations was adopted in Germany. Industrial adminisiration must, however, be continuous and not subject to political uncertainties.-Charles P. Steinmetz. COLLIER'S �\ Boo!. The Western Comrade R.evlews Page twenty-three Reviews of Recent Readable Books "The Chosen People" Friends of the Mooney case and all participating in the San Francisco and other labor fights will read with interest Sidney L. Nyburg's "The Chosen People." Sympathetic understanding of the complex elements underlying the conflict between labo r and capital, a broad insight into human nature, the ability to dissect human emotions and to tell a tale simply, graphically and convincingly are qualities that enabled this popula r writer to produce one of the few good novels of the present year-a novel that will stand high with the stories of any year. 1he plot centers about a Baltimore strike and the trial of a strikeleader on a trumped-up murder charge. Dr. Philip Graetz, youthful jewish rabbi of a wealt hy synagogue, brought all of his boyish idealism to bear in an a ttempt to bring the warring classes to harmony th rough the application of ethics a nd abstract jus tice. The strike was in the fac to ry o. the president of his congrega tion, the only ga rment wo rks in the city that refused to give any so rt of recognition to the union. David Gordon, Russian J ew and prominent a ttorn ey, was hired by a rival manufacturer to defend the accused man and supplied with unlimited funds to maintain the strike. David took advan tage of this opportunity to advance the union s tandin g. He showed clearly that race, religion, ethics , justice and humanity a re all swept aside in wo rship of the great god Profit. The strike was allowed to go on un til the banking interests of Balt imore found the financial interests of the city were beginning to suffer, "when they pulled the s~s that brought the recalcitran t factory owner to a compromise. Noi(· ,"';~re willing to have their connection wiJh the se ttlemen t known, so the public credi t was given to Dr. Graetz, add ing · to his fame. This is a bald, crude statemen t of a frac tion of the dramatic situa tions skillfully woven into a flesh and blood s tory by the genius of Mr. Nyborg. A love story, while not the dominant element , proves a telling motive in the th read of the novel. Ellen, the young settlemen t nurse, agnostic and Socialist, as well as the labor lawyer, David Gordon, revea l much of the causes and meaning of the un res t of society. The fac tory owner asked angrily of the a ttorn ey: 'Since when, .. under Our code of laws, have innocent men been forced to try their cases in the neWspape rs?" "I should say," was David's bland retor t, "it became necessary immediately afte r private corporations lea rn ed to punish personal grievance~ in the Criminal Court." "The Chosen People" is no bitterly partisan class document. The human na tu re of the human being is not lost sight of. We are studying men, not types. The rich fac tory owner is pictured as a bloodsucker, but the reason he is and can be a vampire is revea led. The novel is a powerful human do cument of profound appeal. Mr. Nyborg holds up a magic glass which is c rys tal-clea r for the Gentile to gaze upon the Hebrew as he is, and a t the same time a mirror inlo which the J ew may look for a critical self-examination: Broadness of spirit and cosmic outlook a re embodied in this readable novel that fi nds its grippi ng theme in the heart of American industrialism. Kussey, Greenberg and Nyburg! Wha t a debt we owe to the penetration of these J ews in presenting their keenly analytical pic tures of the tragedy of capitalism's mad rule. " Th e Soliloquy · of a Hermit" have heard J ohn Cowper Powys lecture, a nd his soul-s tirring message was jus t wha t the read ing of his inimitable essays in "Visions and Re visions" and "Suspended judgments" would lead one to expect-the poet, .rti>t and orator in one combination. But he did not receive all of the family genius. as his older brother, Theodore Francis Powys, contributes an unusually fine monograph "The Soliloquy of a Hermit ." Thomas a' Kempis, Marcus Au relius and Epictetus have their modern projection in the confessions of this English farmer, contented to live his life apart from the mad ambitions of the world. " I am not here to do right or wrong, or to leach anyone ; I am here to live," he writes. This comradl'!.: who wears the badge of Socialism, wonders "if we shall ever understand tha t the world is not made for wo rk, but for joy." Mr. Powys is not a slave to dogmatic assertions and beliefs. He JS primitive enough to be swayed by the moods that come to him. Here is a comrade after my own heart, truly. The only way to transfer the cl1arm of the 143 pages of the little book would be to quote it entirely. I wondered what the author was "driving at" when first I began to browse through the unchaptered thread of the soliliquy. Perhaps I don't 8Y o. sobspa know yet. But on the way I paused frequently to gather a rich bit . of ripe fruitage which tasted ambrosial to my parched intellectual palate. In our swing away from the grossness of materialism and the grossness of spirituality we welcome such sane philosophers of life as it is. . "I f ... Wishes We re J:i o r s e s " The Countess of Barcynska, while not a brilliant writer, is always interesing and possesses a rare faculty of understanding human nature that is lacking many of the more spectacular rhetoricians. She won her way to recognition through such books as "The Little Mother Who Sits at Home," and "The Honey Pot." In "If Wishes Were Horses" she gives a picture of English life that is photographic in its realism. It tells of Martin Leflley, towards whom I feel as amiable as I do towards a few weak-souled clerks I have had to work among in my days. He was a " cheap" clerk, with boss-worshipping propensities; a selfish ambition, a certain little abil~ty to play the game for all it is wo rth, gained for him a rapid rise. But his main "asset" (he considered her in such light) was his wise, unselfish wife, whose only fault was the idolizing of the brute who married her for his physical comfort. An aunt who dealt in secondhand clothing, and whose money was more welcome than her presence, was another fac tor in his development. This self-made thing in pants became successful in business and by trimming his sails so as no t to damage big business sailed into the right to string an M. P. after his name, by the grace of the Socialist and radical vote. But there came a time when all did no go so smoothly, and in the midst of the catastrophe which overtook him he learned the real meaning of his wife's love. The shallowness and pretense of the modern social life is powerfully depicted. The charaders are real, the situations na tural and the novel strongly written, the powerful lessons and the story elements being skillfully blended. ,. ,. ,. "The Library of Original Sources" A revival of mo re active enthusiasm for "The Library of Original Sources·· itt one of the impera tive needs of radic alism _!!!_ the critical p~riod CJf today. This most monument al compilation of source material ever made had a sale of many, many thousands a few years ago, and h>' <:ontinued a~ a s teady selle r ever since. For the sake of the movement it should, howe\er, be even more widely spread . There a re tens of thousands of new and young thinkers in the Socialist, rahonalist and labor movements who should be intimately familiar wtih this bible of hi. torical research. The collection is nothing less than a bible. Think of reading the message direc tly from the people in the development of history- the histo ry often purposely and nearly always misrepresented in commentaries written cenluries later. Read the source material and interpret for yourselves. "The Library of Original Sources" grew f rom the needs of college professors for source material. Nothing comprehensive along this line had ever been published in the world. So scores of the grea test scholars labored for years to produce this fundamental collection. Ancient tablet. and monuments yielded their inscriptions. Manuscripts from libraries all over the world, state archives and musty recorda yielded the cream of the world's documentary evidence of hi•toric progress of the ages. The resulting aeries of ten large royal octavo volumes, bound in black India shecp•kin, has stood the test of years and stands today an unquestioned authority. I have heard it settle arguments in the college dai sroom; have listened to its message from the lips of the soap-boxer, have heard it quoted in park and street arguments on every side in city and country in many states. The illustrations are appropriate to the tex t and are in themselves a liberal education. The political and economic by no means exhaust the possibilities of the library. Religious, social and every phase of human activity are treated with an equal thoroughness as the economic. The set indeed constitutes "a library," and the facts represent the cream of human documents of every age. jus t a word to fasten this review to earth. The library can be secured for about one-half its original price for a short time, on easy monthly payments. Sounds like adverti&ement, dosn't it? Does the Mohammedan "advertise'' the Koran, or the Socialist the "Communist Manifesto"} The "Library of Original Sources" is a world clanic and beyond "advertising" in the ordinary sense. My best propaganda is to stimulate interest in such landmarks of progress. A syllabus and outline of readings is furnished fr~e with every aet. �J ~age twenty-four Women's Deparimeni A Pioneer Woman's .View - - - FfER all the spirit is the thing. At first the n velty A of the place-tent life, early rising, supplying the wood and water--carried me over the hard places, and as long as I could see the mirages in the early morning and the glorious sunsets in the evenings, with the everchanging lights and colors on the ·Buttes north of the Colony during the day, I was happy, lifted, carried out of myself and away from such minor troubles as bodily fatigue and physical di scomforts. A dreamer, you say? I admit it. All my life I have cultivated my natural ability to lose myself for the time being in the beauties of the universe about me. It is a sort of insulation I carry against the too rude shocks and jars of life. But let me also admit my extremely practical side lest you misjudge me. For many weeks I worked in the dining room and kitchen and a right good record did I make. iiere I began to feel that it was vitally necessary to work out the ro-<>perattve commonwealth without delay. There were people who were so shut up within themselves that they could not ask for what they wanted courteously or pleasal)tly; nor did they demand what they wished, they merely watched ~ullen ly. and if one person was se rved a bit more in quantity or more pleasa ntly than himself there was an immediate complaint. This in spite of the fact that all the service was a; nearly equable as possible. Women came whose faces were hard and bitter and who all but frowned if one wished them a good mornin g in passing. All of this was most puzzling at first until it dawned upon me that these imprisoned souls were the direct result of the capitalist system . So long had they been oppressed and defrauded that fhey felt each little oversight as a direct slight, and they seemed to suspect each frendly word or smile as presaging further exploitation. Ri ght then and there my heart and mind took such a firm sta nd for co-operative living that it will last as long as time lasts for me. As Ruth LePrade says in her wonderful poem, "We cannot mount alone," a nd in other places in the same poem, "As long as one man is sorrowful and broken I, too, am sorrowful and broken." "As long as one soul is weak I, too, am weak," "As long as one small child sobs in the night my heart will answer, sobbing too." This expressed my feeling clearly. Of what avail was all the culture, all the knowledge, all the luxury or comfort I could put into my own personal life while there were people in the world so deeply hurt? I kn ew then that I could never again work for myself alone - even my single handed efforts for my own family would never be enough henceforth. Up to this point in my life my idea of helping humanity had been by the charity route, but a .course of several years in that sort of work had thoroughly convinced me that charity fails to solve social problems. Humanity does not need uplifting. It needs a clear, sympathetic understanding of its problems and then must follow, so it seems to me, united effort, standing shoulder to shoulder tb work out the answer. Here in Llano I found this condition and I was glad to turn in and help. By the time I realized the ideals and the truly remarkable way the work was reacting on individuals I was committed to it forever. It is difficult, standing at the end of nearly two years' effort, The Western Comrade By Mildred G. Buxton to trace the way step by step--but .as I look about at my friends who have developed and grown to spiritual heights they would never have attained by working for themselves alone-as I realize my own growth-! see how tremendously worth while it is. Take our situation from any angle you wish-and there are many angles for a woman to consider that do not enter in~o a man's calculation: A man may dream the big dreams without considering the details that go into the everyday living of them and it remains but for the woman tG follow along. She, too, may have a glimpse of the vision, but in the face of the pioneer hardships it is a brave woman who can face the personal discomforts. We are all considerably bound by them; but, after all , our foremothers faced them and came through royally and brought up families that are a sufficient proof of the sterling worth of these women. Have we modern women been so weakened by our very comforts and luxuries that we have no courage left upon which to live whiie we are working out our great dream? Most other pioneer women had no such dream to hearten them at their tasks. At best, their hope was but to advance towards personal success. If personal success is worth ' all the hardships the real pioneers had to endure-· how much more worth while is it to know that we shall gain not only the personal success of a good home, a steady income, good education for our children and a free, happy social life, but that we are working out a basis or plan by which all mankind can free itself so that all who are willing to work may have the same advantages? But to return to the personal side for the woman. We women have a narrow outlook on life and are bounded on at least three sides by pots an:d pans. More than any other complaint I have ·heard this : "If I only had a sink and running water!" It is hard to do without such necessary luxuries as these, but I decided not to let ·a sink or the lack thereof bound me on the fourth side. That side must be kept free and clear to enable me to see the vision and maintain an open pathway to my ideals. Always I had admired noble women, those I knew and those I had read about who had struggled throu.gh hardships of one sort and another to attain a desired end, and I had dreamd vainly of the time when the children would be grown, the household cares less depressing and I, too, could develop the latent possibilities I felt within myself. In Llano I began to rearrange my life in its proper relation to my ideals. Housework has taken its proper place as a means to ah ·end and not as the end itself. Stories of people living in tents in the dese rt or mountains had always held · an interest for me-their hardships and the spirit in which they bore them were the measure of their triumph. Through struggles with my weaknesses I came to realize that theirs was no empty triumph. It isn't easy, but then, what real success in life is easy? Many of us drift into our life's work and make many changes as we go along. I choose to follow the definite path of co-operation, the working out of the great dream of mankind, equality and brotherhood. Once the husband has decided upon a course to follow, the woman must consider every question from two standpoints: What will it do for my children? What will it do for myself? In answer to the first it seems to me that Llano children learn most valuable lessons about life and living. First, that �\ ) I The We f tern Comrade Women'• Dep:t:tmeaf the greatest good for the greatest number is an important rule in life. If the commissary were short, for instance, all would share alike. Also they lind that community interest is a• real thing and one not lightly to be disturbed. They· learn, too, that the service an individual renders to the community is the measure of his worth and that he takes his own measure. No amount of "front" avails one here-if we wish favors we must earn them. In other words, we are valuable in proportion to what we give to the colony, not in what we take from it, as is the rule in the outside world. I mention these things first because they have impressed me as exceedingly valuable lessons for children to learn. Then there is the matter of health. I have found overflowing measure for my children. And the snow-covered, somewhat austere mountains to the south, the more friendly, colorful Buttes on the north, with the misty blue Tehachapi range in the distance, form an environment of grandeur and natural beauty that cannot fail to react on the character and imagination of the children. There remains now the one question, as to the effect on the woman herself. Our judgments are usually formed as a result of our own experience, so perhaps I shall be pardened if I remain personal. I have believed from the first that the women in this community have the opportunity to live closer to their ideals than in any other place in the world. I still believe it. The community ideals are a great help and there is no reason why we women cannot begin here and now to develep ourselves and our children as we have always dreamed of doing. We shall not succeed at once and there will be many times of depression when it seems too hard, but when I stop to think I remember that these periods of depression are not at all peculiar to Llano. It seems to me that one's ·friends in the "outside world" should be in about the same financial elevation as oneself, other things being equal. In Llano, our plan of equal incOil\es regulates that automatically and I believe that the time will come very soon when such feelings as envy will be unknown. And to a woman with limited means the heartache that comes from constant association with women who have everything in the world to do with is a serious matter and the little feeling that comes with it almost excusable. Let me tell you one more little decision of my own on the personal side and I will stop. One of my earnest desires has been to grow old gracefully. It hurts me to see women mincing along aping the clothes and manners of young girls after they have reached the thoroughly respectable and lovable age of older women. I want to be young as long as I can, but it must be the youth of the heart, and when the wrinkles come I want them to be the sincere ones caused by earnest thought and friendly smiles. Perhaps the wrinkles come a bit sooner to women in Llano than outside, but they are wrinkles of character and are sincere records of our lives. Many persons have spoken of the lack of worry lines in the faces of our people; the mask-like face that hides all worries is not here, either, for the ordinary worry that plays such havoc with a woman's good looks is lacking. So I mean to convey that here we can show our true character in our faces to the end, and, meeting honest, kindly faces all around, it must follow that our own will take on the beau!y of earnest endeavor in a great cause. For Women Only OULD you like to have a pretty mouth? Of course you would, and I am going to tell you how to get one without paying a dollar down and a dollar a ___ month for the rest of your natural life. I had always read, just as you have, that beauty is only skin deep, and I took it in, as I always do those wise saws that may or may not be true, and repeated it sagely when I thought it sounded well. But I did not realize what it really meant until I began to eat at cafeterias for a while; one merning it dawned upon me that the muscles under the skin have as much to do with our beauty as anything else and that if they are properly trained the skin over them will surely take on some of the grace of the action properly performed. Have you ever noticed the peculiar little pouches that form at the sides of many mouths? Well, I did the morning that I made the great discovery, and it was simply this: That W Left, a musical citizen of Uano. most people fill their mouths too full and in the effort to cover it decently while they are masticating their food they draw the muscles i"nto an unnatural position that gradually results in those horrid pouches that every woman dreads. When I saw these mouths in action I tested it for myself, not once, but many, many, times, and proved to my entire satisfaction that it lies absolutely within the power of every women to have a pretty mouth if she will take small bites of food and chew them well. Try it. Look about you well, first at your fri"ends and enemies, then try the remedy and you will find yourself on a track that will not only pay you handsome dividends in the way of a pretty mouth, but the pleasure of eating delicately will lend a refinement to the countenance; you can converse more pleasantly and elegantly than when the mouth is full; and, lastly, you will eat less and feel much better, thereby swatting the H. C. of L. Other pictures .show some· ll!Calt arrivals at Uano. lbose shown on the right are alwayf ...en logdher. �Page twenty-six Co-operatioa -Industrial Education - - - CLOSE observer of the educational actiVIties of the past few years could not fail to have noted a tendency on the part of private and independent educators to turn their attention more and more to technical trades and industrial occupations, rather than to literature, art and the professions. This has been largely in re-· sponse to a demand for such technical training from the children of the poor, whose common school education was left unfinished in the industrial struggle for existence. Under these conditions the privately owned trades and correspondence schools entered the educational field. Their special function was to qualify the wage earner quickly for the higher sala ried positions -in commercial and industrial occupations, a rich field left practically untouched by the public schools. They capitalized the function of the public school; but it is always a notable fact that when private individuals undertake to perform a public fu'lction for profit they seize first upon th at portion of it which promises the greatest revenue to themselves and exploit it to the limit of the people's patience. Dividing the educative energies of the nation into two parts-one, the common school system, operated by the public and supported by direct taxation; and one operated by private interests, the business colleges, trades and correspondence school s, supported by a schedule of tuition fees --has resulted in a loss of potential energy to the former. Private trades and correspondl"nce schools operated for profit in this age of our national life are as much an anachronism as wou ld be the farm ing out of taxes. But a public function improperly performed forces the people to undertake its performance in their private capacity, and this opens the door for ·- the irrespo nsibl e exploiter. The public school is many years behind the times in economic thought and industrial teaching, although it cannot be said to be a failure (as some have charged) so much in what it has done as in what it has left undone. It was adapted to the age in which it was fir st established (the wild ass days of our forefathers in the Indian wars period), but its development has not kept pace with the progress of science .a nd industry. Pract ically speaking, it is where and what it was at that time. This backward condition may be traced to the fact that land necessary for industrial education has never been provided for public school USE. Land was set aside by the gove rnment in overflowing measure to support the school system. but it was always sold to the credit of the school fund and the money filtered back to the school through the cupped fin ge rs of political rings. The land itself was ne ve r put under the direct control and use of the schools for industrial-educational purposes and for the maintenance of students and faculty . That there is a growing need for land for the public schools for such purposes is manifesting itself in the systemless and unsupervised offering of prizes to rural students in many states for the best results in agricultural and animal productions. It is the evolution of the public school moving onward to its destiny; but in the movement, which as yet seems only to be i·n the direction of more "efficient" farming, capitalism and individualism are unconsciously sowin ~ the seed that will eventually overgrow and destroy themselves. The urban dweller, the landless student, however, does not en joy these privileges and benefits; and free access to land, supervised industrial-education, and maintenance employment are three essentials to a complete educational system. A The Western Comrade By CI i n t o n B a n c r o f t Today aspmng students without means to acquire a complete education (a condition for which they are altogether blameless, as their age and opportunities will show), but whose ambitions urge them to an active, industrial life, are expected to find maintenance employment under the competitive wage system, and, finding none, the result is undereducated workers. Society (the government) in its public educational plan should guarantee this maintenance employment to all during the school period of their lives-to those with abundant means as well as to those with none. Maintenance labor should be required of all alike (of the rich as well as of the poor), and none should be made to feel that it is due to pove~ty, ignoble, or degrading, but that it is an essential part of their education, health-insuring, mind-enriching and ennobling. "But," says a reactionary political economist, "would you have the public school system furnish employment and continue to educate the children of the poor until they were qualified to fill any position in life they desired to occupy? And how would land be acquired in sufficient quantity? Our free school system would break down under such a strain as that." That is exactly what we would have it do. Nothing less. Thomas Paine said, speaking of the people of his time: "A long habit of NOT thinhng a thing wrong gives it a superficial appearance of being right and raises at first a great _ commotion in defense of custom. But the tumult soon subsides. Time makes more converts than reason." And for society to leave a part of its young people to ·struggle with the limited opportunities offered them under competition to gain their education, and to permit a large part of the balance to be educated in private schools operated for profit, is one of those chronic habits of "not thinking a thing wrong" until age has given it a "superficial appearance of being right." It is now generally admitted that less than I 0 per cent of all children who enter school pass beyond the grammar grade. The 90 per cent consists chiefly of the children of the toiling workers of the world. If education is good for the few, the I 0 per cent, it is good for the many, the 90 per cent; and the public school must measure up to such ethical standard or fall far short of attaining its real educational power and usefulness. Less than this would leave the system still incomplete; nor would the school system break down . And there is no "free school;" that is a misnomer; the people pay for all the education their children receive, and under the present wasteful methods and administration they do not receive in educational value all t_h ey pay for. Every individual educated in the so-called "free school," who later in life produces that which adds to the wealth of the nation, repays the public for his education. And a rightly educated pee~'! is a social asset. As to land: When there is a general demand for land deemed necessary for school purposes, the people will find ways and means to secure it. But suppose, as a beginning, the states or the Congress should enact a simple law or constitutional emendment to the effect that: "Whenever any individual or corporation shall by gift. bequest, grant. deed, or otherwise, convey to the State of the title to any piece or tract of land for which the purpose and consideration named in such conveyance shall be declared to be Industrial Education and the Common Good, such land shall thereafter become and be held to be the �l / The Western Comrade • Co-ope~ ~li on property ~f the school district in which it is situated, and shall be subject to the control of the board of school directors. "And such land shall not be sold thereafter.' There are many tracts of land today that would be given or bequeathed to the public school if the owners were assured that such land would be devoted to educational purposes only, and not sold or diverted to private interest for profit. Then suppose a Congress of Educators should organize-a non-dividend-paying corporation with the property holding powers of a modern university, and that through such a -responsible agency the people should raise funds and purchase land in locations suitable for their plans, and, having cleared the title and prepared the property for industrial-educational purposes. the corporation should deed it to the state for the common good whenever a majority of the people in the com- ' munity interested should demonstrate by their choice of school directors that they were ready and understandingly competent to operate it successfully. Suppose that, following the enactment of such a law, many tracts of land should be given to the public schools and colleges generally throughout the United States for use in teaching technical trades, agriculture and stock-raising for use, and that all the products of these lands above the maintenance and compensation of the students and workers should be devoted to extendil'lg the work and scope of the school, and to the building of "free homes" for fatherless children and their mothers on such land to be occupied by them during their educational period. Suppose these educational centers, with plenty of land for practical purposes, should initiate a series of experiments in co-operative home building by students learning the building trades;" in co-operative -production and distribution of the necessaries of life as an economic means to level the high cost of living; in co-operative banking and exchange and of labor as the true basis of value of the money of the future, with the purpose in view of determining what is the common good, what is industrial justice, questions for the educational powers of a great and wealthy nation to solve. Would it result unjustly to any to have them answered? Suppose villages and cities should grow around these educational centers with a new perspective of industrial life, and that the Mothers of the land, to whom lawmaking powers will soon be generally given, should determine that their children should not be dwarfed and maimed and stunted in body and intellect to satisfy corporate greed for profit, and should then decree that no person under the age of twenty-one years should be employed in factory, mill, mine, store or office operated for private profiL What changes would be made in the present order of industry, in thought, in system, in laws, and in the administration of law and justice? Ownership of productive land by the school, together with cheap and rapid transportation, enjoyed by some communities, would result in the geographical transformation of many districts and the establishing of educational centers where the chief occupation of the people would be educating the rising generation and improving the race. The work of supplying the people of these centers with a large part of the things they daily needed would be conducted under the supervision of the school as a part of its educational plan. Teachers and students, all would practice daily what they taught and studied. Under such regime all would work at least two or three hours daily in some useful and productive occupation according to age, strength and ambition . School hours would not be observed with the tyrannous discipline of the past, the hours of such service being credited to school attendance. School Page twenty-seven life would thus be made an attractive pleasure to the pupil instead of a perfunctory duty. In the evolution of industry from capital-ownership to cooperative ownership by the workers (from indlv.idualism to Socialism): the lessons of service for the common good, of the necessity for free access to land by the workers, of the power and economy of co-Operation, of the ethics of mutual exchange of labor values, of industrial justice, of educational freedom-all these will find a place in the curriculum of the public school in time. But industrial education in trades schools operated for profit is practically only the training of wage slaves for capitalism to exploit. The ideals of industrial life (freedom and justice to the workers) are not set forth in their claims for patronage and are impossible of realization; MEDICAL ATTENTION at Llano is a social service and is free to Llano residents. Eventually this department will take in every school of healing. whereas a ll ideals-educational, industrial, economic, social and moral- are possible of realization to a people united upon common ownership of land. But without It, in vain will the lessons of social labor and social justice be pictured before students who see but do not understand ; in vain will the truths and philosophy of Socialism fall on ears that hear but do not comprehend. But this need not be. For now let the educators and voluntary co-operators unite in a demand for Land for the Public Schools, and join their lawmaking powers, their organizing powers and their labor (economic) power in a general movement to secure it, and the school would solve the problem of the conflicting interests of labor and capital, and also many of the lesser social and economic problems that perplex and vex humanity everywhere. �Page twenty-eight Aericaltare The Western Comrade Llano Soil and Water T HE soil in this portion of the Antelope Valley is covered with joshua Yuccas, greasewood, sage and wild 1 buckwheat for the most part. The great solitary, - - - sentinel-like Yuccas, some of them hundreds of years old, dot the plains below and the slope to the southward. 'JA..ey are not deeply rooted and are easily pulled up. The greasewood is also light and easily cleared from the land. The sage and buckwheat are what the bees feed on largely. The process of clearing is simple. Four horses are hitched to two long railroad rails, which they drag back and forth over the field, effectually uprooting virtually all vegetation. Four horses with a specially constructed brush rake string it in long windrows, where it is burned. Thus with eight horses and three men five acres can be cleared each day, the estimated cost being about $4.00 an acre, though the actual cash cost is much less than that. The land is worth, before clearing, about $12.00 an acre, and the usual price for clearing is $10.00 an acre. The necessary work to level for cropping is perhaps less than the average over the country; certainly it is not more·. The value of the land increases greatly from year to year by reason of the work placed upon it. Those who come from prairie countries do not at first realize the work that has been done in Llano. They cannot visualize what has been done, and the value that has thereby been added to the land. The acreage available to Llano is practically without a limit. To say we have a thousand acres, ten thousand acres, or thirty thousand acres, is not giving a very Clear idea. Only when it has been seen can one realize the great extent, and what a thousand acres really means. Irrigation in Llano is being sys-tematized wonderfully. Miles of cobble and lime ditches are being constructed, and many miles will be completed as time goes on. It is the easy, efficient way of handling the water. Irrigation specialists ~ay that the easy slopes, the water retentiveness of the soil, and the short ditches required because of- the nearness of the source ·of water supply, make it remarkably easy to irrigate the land here, compared with what irrigation means in many places. The ditches are permanent. The longest dirt ditch is only three miles, though longer ditches than this will be necessary eventually. The cobble ditches, of which the longest is half a mile, are a complete success, and ultimately the ranch will be a networ.k of these cobble and lime ditches. During the winter season the land is thoroughly soaked with water. This makes it require less during the summer. Plans are being worked out to conserve every drop of water. The tunnel is being cleaned and will probably be extended, when it will give a greater flow of water. This work will develop a great deal of water and will be preliminary to the building of the storage reservoir at the dam site, which will not be built until absolutely required. The soil is characterized as being of a residual formation; it is of decayed granite and quartz, which disintegrated into soil where they lay. The land is comparatively smooth with a good grade from north to south. The quality is of the best a nd, according to the agriculturists, will produce any crop that the climate permits of being grown, though some soil building · is required for gardening and some other crops. There is practically no limit to the depth of the soil. It is rich in lime and different mineral salts and is greatly benefited by cultivation. It is of sufficient porosity and ranges from light 5andy soil to a sandy loam, holds water well, has almost perfect drainage, and is easily worked as a whole. The Thing in Itself "One cannot remember the name of every town." "Where ya' goin'?" "South, where the winters are warmer. I sleep in the open and must guard my health." "Why'nt you get a job somewhere 'n settle down, A strappin' fellow like you?" "The job, I have always with me. To settle as you say-" his azure eyes deepened into wistfulness- "as to tha t I must not because of my weakness." "Drink or dope? You don't look it." He shook his head. "Women?" Again he shook his head. "I throttled my passtons when was twenty." The marshal scratched his head. Here sure was a queer nut! Interesting too! "Well, what's your weakness, then? Laziness, I guess." "I am prone to form binding ties. To love people. I move always so that there will be no ties to w~o me from my work." "Wh~t's this work that you're always talkin' about. What do ya do for a living?" "Ah! It is the things that I must do for my living-to earn my few handfuls of food, my shoes, my shirt, the warm clothes that I must have to do my work- -it is these .things that tear me from my work. It is deplorable that I must waste so much By Wesley Zornes (c~~tin~f~om .P~iL~Q) time from my task, when I am thirty-seven, and at the most have not more than fifty years in which to complete it." "Well, what the devil is it?" "Preparing my book." "It must be a damn big book if it takes fifty years to write it." "Not more than a dozen pages. Truth is brief when once discovered. I have assigned myself only five years in which to write it. That gives me forty years longer to prepare it. and five years to wait for my passing. With care, it will be given me to live long." "You sure look healthy. But ain't we all liable to accidents?" "It is so. But still , who knows ? I may be able to continue beyond the transition." "I guess he's one of them crazy spiritualists." This from the "marvelous specimen." "Whatcha' go in' to call your book?" "'The Thing in Itself.' " "Some name, too," with a wink at his subordinate. "It is indeed. But I ·am not so mad as to expect to grasp more than one phase of it.'' "Oh, you ain't, eh ?" He bowed his head. "Ah, no!" It will not burst upon me in the splendor of its entirety. The humble devotion of a million petty lives like mine would not be worthy of a reward so matchless as that! But if I surrender to my purpose all �Th e West e rn C o mr ade Page twenty-nine I hold most dear-love, fellowship, adulation, bodily comforts -and endure this-" his blue eyes raising to the grinning faces before him-"scorn, ridicule, misunderstanding, persecution, loneliness-and still do not despair, still seek in all humility and patience~then, then 1 shall -have paid the price! I shall not behold the Thing in Itself, but--" his face was suffused with a wonderful smile- "Its shadow will fall for a single moment across. me, and I shall know an ecstasy that shall compensate for all. That is what I shall put into my book of twelve pages, the flitting of the shadow of the Thing in Itself." Absorbed in thought he stood silent, then- "Gentlemen, have you done with me? I wish to return to my work." "Why, yes, I guess so, partner. You seem harmless enough. But keep off of private property, or we'll run you in." Courage It takes great courage just to train To modern service your ancestral brain; To lift the weight of old, unnumbered years, Of dead men's habits, methods, and ideas; To hold them back with one hand, And with the other sustain the weak steps Of a new thought. It takes courage to bring your life up square With the accepted thought a.nd hold it there, Resisting the inertia that drags it back From new attempts to the old habit's track; It is so easy to drift back, to sink, So hard to live abreast of what you think. It takes great courage to live where you .belong When other people think that you are wrongPeople you love and who love you, and whose Approval is a pleasure you would choose. To resist this pre~su re and succeed at length In living your belief- Well, it takes strength Wanted---A Comrade \ to take over a thirty-acre ranch and provii:le for two old people a few years, and have the farm for pay. A little capital and good reference required. Address : S. Whipple, R.F.D\ N ~ 1, Box 25, El Centro, Cal. • .'1. . WANT JAN. 1~14 COMRADE! Cj The files in the office of the WESTERN COMRADE lack the Anyone having a copy will please communicate with the Western Comrade, Llano, Cal. JANUARY, 1914, number. "And the razor? May I have -it? It cost me a wasted day." The marvelous specimen returned it with tolerant condescension. "Here it is, Grandpa. Don't cut yourself. Hope you finish the Thing-urn-a-Bob. You better quit wastin'. your time Iookin' at vines or you won't finish lt." "If I could find what makes the tendril seek its support with such trembling eagerness inst~ad of growing away from it, I would almost know the Thing in Itself. I am searching among the plants now. In ten years I begin to seek among humanity. You rrtay see me then." The door closed softly. The marshal threw back his head. " 'The Thing in Itself.' Some name! Ha ! Ha! " And the marvelous specimen echoed, "Ha! Ha! He sure is some nut! Ho! Ho!" By Mrs. C. P. Stetson And courage, too. But what is courage Save strength to help one face a pain foreseenCourage to resist the lifelong strain Of setting yours against your grandsire's brain; Dangerous risk of walking lone and free Out of the easy paths that used to be? But the Greatest Courage ma n has ever known Is daring to cut loose and think alone! Dark as the unlit chambers of clear space Where light shines back from unreflected face. But to think new takes courage grave and gnm As led Columbus over the earth's rim. It takes great love to train a human heart To live beyond the others and apart. A love that is not shallow is not small; Is not for one or two, but for them all; A love tllat can wound love for its higher need, A love that can leave love though the heart bleed; A love that ca n lose love, family and friend, And live steadfastly, loving to the end. "Celebrating May Day at Llano" -======--=--=---- -. ·The June WESTERN COMRADE will tell of the May Day celebration which combined the third birthday of the Colony, the fifth birthday of the WESTERN COMRADE and International Labor Day. It was fittingly observed, and the photos will give a splendid idea of Llano social life. There will be many other interesting things told about the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony as well as articles of general Interest, education, and Comrade Job Harrima n's thought-begetting editorials. �v \. I. Page thirty The Western Comrade Llano Celebrated Achievement Aditorial by the Circulation Manager How will the people take over the industries? Won't a few gain control? And the objections are: You can't have ·common ownership of land. You can't work a ranch on an eight-hour day. You've got to have a boss. Socialism destroys the home. There'll be no incentive. You've heard lots more of them. Heretofore you've had to answer with theories. Llano furnishes facts. Llano is constructive, practical, growing, virile, young. Llano people have learned much in the three years they have been practicing the theories of Socialism. They answer every objection, every question. The Western Comrade and the Llano Colonist tell about what is being Each month it is hoped the Western done. They show how co-operation Comrade will become a more and more succeeds. They tell of accomplishinteresting magazine. It should occupy ment. An d it is because of this that the foremost place in the radical field the Llano Publications have grown. Straight-from-the-shoulder Socialism today. It tells the sto ry in which we are all interested, the story of which no they teach, the pure, unadulterated article. Yet they do not call names, other publication can tell. do not indulge in bitter criticism, do THAT IS ACHIEVEMENT. not participate in party disputes. Facts are demanded today. SocialThe Llano gardens a re an example ist theories are good, but the people in concrete Socialism. So are the dema nd more. They want to know if printing department, the cannery, the they will work. And we must answer dairy, a nd every other institution in that question satisfactorily and direct- Llano. As little lessons in Socialism ly. No evasion will do. We must cite they are unparalleled. You can interest examples. Whether it is just or unjust anyone in such lessons as these. to ask us to do this, it is the question Socialists have looked forward to asked of us, and we must meet it. We the coming of the Co-operative Comhave no other choice. monwealth. They have prophesied Has anyone ever asked you: much from it. They said it would take care of the Can the workers manage industry? orphaned, the aged, the sick. Will Socialism work? Llano does that. They said it would provide employCan you have a uniform wage scale? ment for all. Who'll do the dirty work? Llano does that. - - -oRE than the traditional ohservance of International Labor day was in the minds of - - residents of Llano when they celebrated May I st. It was the third birthday of Llano. It was the fifth birthday of the Western Comrade. As to Llano- three years of achievement are behind her; a splendid future lies ahead. As to the Western Comrade-behind is a clean record; no radical publica· tion has such a radiant future. The Western Comrade is steadily gainin g in circulation. And one of the most significant facts is that nearly every reader renews his subscription when it expires. The reason is a good one. The Western Comrade tells him of the things he wishes to know. MI They said it would give old age and· mothers': pensions. Llano does that. They said it would bring hope to people. Llano does that. The things that Socialists dreamed of, worked for, voted for, agitated for -these are being achieved in Llano. Every reader of the Western Cemrade should help to spread an interest in Socialism. You can interest your friends, your neighbors, your workmates, .your associates, even your employer, when .you can s'how literature telling of the achievements of these principles. The COLONIST and the COMRADE do this. The triumphs of the principles you believe in depend on the education of the people. There are no better mediums for this than the Llano Publications. Will you get one additional reader this month? It is asking little of you, but it is asking you to do what you believe is right. We must have your help. We must spread the news of "Co-operation in Action." The COMRADE has grown, so has the COLONIST. But they must grow more and more rapidly. Already they wield an influence greater than any other papers, proport~onate · to their stze. Will you help make them more influential? The COLONIST is 50c a year, or $1.00 for a club of three. The COMRADE is 75c a year, or 50c in clubs of four or more. Both to one address are $1.00 a year or 75c in clults of four or more. Canadian rates are $1.00 a year for either the COMRADE or the COLONIST. No club rates apply outside of the United States. �\. The Western ) Comrade Page thirty-one I Need $10,000 s ·Law Book Free TUDY LAW, and become the man of power in your community. The farmers of North Dakota captured the State Gov_emment, and found that they needed law-trained men in office to fight the big interests which have their lawyers in the Legislature to make their laws, and in the Courts to defend and. interpret them. There are opportunities awaiting YOU. Get ready for them-study Law at home in your spare time. We prepare you for the Bar examination. Guarantee bond for refund of money if dissatisfied. Degree of LL.B. conferred. Hundreds of successful students enrolled. Fourteen-volume Law Library upon enrollment. Low cost---easy terms. Be indepen dent. Be a Leader. Write today .for free law book-"Law and the People." THE PEOPLE'S COLLEGE, Dept. D, FORT SCOTT, KANSAS. TO ENlARGE MY RAPIDLY GROWING BUSINESS My businen is a standard, conservatively managed businen. It is growing so rapidly that in order to keep up with the increased dem..,d I must have larger equipment throughout. This requires an immediate outlay of capital. There is every prospect that WITHIN FIVE YEARS IT WILL BE THE lARGEST BUSINESS OF IH KIND IN THE UNITED STATES. The product in one line has been multiplied by three in 1i1e last ten month•; a newly established line has grewn amazingly. I have had to tum away a great deal of profitable business because my equipment has been inadequate to handle this new It has been established about five years. business. I am a Socialist. I want to borrow this capital from Socialists. I CAN GIVE FIRST CLASS SECURITY. I estimate that $10,000 will equip a new plant completely. The money will be used for this purpose. I want to borrow it either in a lu~np sum or in smaller sums. Have you a small sum you wish to invest where it will be used by a comrade, and where it will be well protect.d) Write me for full details. and let me know what sum you will loan if the security is satisfactory to you. Please address: John D. McGregor, care of Western Comrade, Llano. California. -Advertisement Reduced Freight Rates on Shipments of Household from all Eastern points About Manuscripts to California Only typewritten material ""or that written with ink will be given consideration. Goods _ Please put your name and address and date on manuscripts. The WESTERN COMRADE does not pay cash at present. Members of the Llano del Rio Colony will find it especially advantareous to make their shipments through the P lease sta te if you desire return of manuscript. The COMRADE is always glad to consider contributions, but nothing of a controversial nature will be printed. J UDS0 N Freight Forwarding Co. What Are You Good For? 443 Marquette bldg, Chicago; 324 Whitehall bldg, New York; 640 Old South bldg, Boston ; 435 Olive r bldg, Pittsburg; 1537 Did you ever try to find out? Boatmen's Bank bldg, St L~ ui s; 518 Central bid~. Los Angeles; Are you employed at work for which you are best fitted~ 855 Monadnock bldg, San Francisco. WRITE NEAREST OFFICE. Do you KNOW or are you GUESSING? Your children -- what will you advise them to do? The science of Character Analysis will answer the questions you have as ked yo urself. It is not fortune telling. It is not guess work. It tells you __ IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!IIIIIIIIWllllllllllllll what you are fitted for and gives you the reasons. It tells you why you have not succeded in what yo u have attempted and will show you in Can You Reduce Weight? which lines you can hope to succeed. Informa tion regarding my Obesity Treatments is contained in a An analysis of yourself will cost you something and it is worth many liule booklet and consists of fully explained systems of dieting, exer- ! times what it costs; but information about it-that is free . Just write: "Send me free information about Character An·alysis and Vocational Fitness." Write your name and address very plainly. Send it to : P. 0. Box 153, Llano, California California Lands or Government Lands I . " NEW OPENINGS DIFFERENT COUNTIES AND STATES" r •r · booklet, telling of your nine rights, eight without residence. Sp~c1al ci rculars, how, why, and where, .qf overlooked or covered up bargains; all counlies. some near you. Write: Joaeph Clark, Searcher of Government and State Recorda 1511 K St, Sacramento. • &. LEVIN Attoraeys at Law HARRIMAN ~ cises. bathing, manipula tive movements, and various other essentials i to effect the desired results. Persistency in this common sense and proved treatment will surely bring results in your case as it has in others. No drugs are used; it is a natural and beneficial way of reducing Resh. It gives full details for daily conduct. In sending remittances, slate what portion yo u particularly wish· -to have re- § duced and emphasis will be given as to what treatmen ts will prove ~ most beneficial. ~ Mrs. C. M. Williams, Llano, Cal. = Full $5.00 Treatments, $3.00 ~ CLASSIFIED ADS ... Tdepbone Home A--4533 ; i Rates: 25c a line for one insertion; 1!;c a line thereafter. to the line. Advertiainr payable in advance. Twelve words WANTED-GAS ENGINES, 6 TO 12 H. P. ST. JE MODEL, DESIGN, name, age, condition, and give full description . TERN COMRADE. FOR SALE.-BREEDING RABBITS. BELGIANS. NEW ZEALANDS_, ~D flconish Giants. We can supply _aU ages .up . to eight montlu: - Fo<. further . information address Rabbit Department, Llano del Rio Colony, Uuo, Cal �/ Three Years of Growth Are Back of The Uano del Rio Colony Thirty-six months of unprecedented success and prodigious growth is the record that the Llano del Rio Colony can point to. Never before in the history of the co-operative movement has such splendid progress been made. It is a record justly to be proud of and the success has been fairly earned. The Llano del Rio Colony is on a safe and sane footing; its growth and progress will be even more remarkable during the years to come. LLANO MAKES LLANO OWNS Printery Shoe Shop Laundry Commissary Bakery Cannery Tannery Creamery Magazine Newspaper Saw Mill Lime Kiln Dairy Hogs Alfalfa Orchards Gardens Rabbitry Stock Ranges Machine Shop Bread Overalls Shirta Canvas Gloves Butter Leather Soap Rugs LLANO HAS-Library \IJonteo•ori Scho<>l Orchestras Two Hotels 2750 Acres This great tract of land was added to the holdings of the Colony just recently. It lies in the fertile San Joaquin Valley and is splendid fruit land. Every member of the Llano del Rio Colony, . resident or installment member, profits by the add· ed acreage. It strikingly marks the growth of the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony. (See pages 16 and 17 this issue Western Comrade) Gl'iES FRI£-.Medical Attendance Ooctor"• Service. Entertainmenta Rent Baths Dances Have You the Spirit of Co-operatiort? Have you, who have voted for the co-operative commonwealth, who have talked and agitated for it and prayed that it might come in your time, who have done your part to educate the world to its benefits - have you the courage of your convictions? Are you willing to unite with your comrades and M~KE it the huge success you have dreamed of? The hardest of the light is over. The Colony is on a sound foundation now. The days when it required the great sacrifices and the utmost courage are now past. But the days of doing and the time of the greatest opportunity lie immediately ahead. Those SEND who have the foresight to get into the vang11ard of this great enterprise, who .are willing and ;:nxious to get on to the firing line of the grandest phase of the co-operative movement, who have the spirit of the co-operative commonwealth strong within them, can achieve and conquer. Wor:cers and thinkers are required. They will be amply re· warded, too, but the Llano del Rio Co-operal:ive Colony appeals tv those who have VISION ttnd SPIRIT more than to -those who are merely intere5ted in their own betterment. Will you j.,jn with those who are makwg "Co-operation in Action" a success? t:" FOR THE "GATEWAY TO FREEDOM " Uano del Rio Co-·operative ~Colony llANO. CALIFORNIA \ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-05 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-05 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v05n01_191705 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-01 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v05n01 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Three Years of Achievement by Frank E. Wolfe Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/7a5401966f5d823384b84287a079875b.pdf 2b20a419bee15fe763ce974fd27e3701 PDF Text Text L I ay o I n dust r i e s Apr i I, 191 7 In This Number Next Month Ro·bert K. Williams Frank E. Wolfe Tells Ab0ut Llano and Her Problems And How They Are Being Overcome Will Write of the Achievements of Three Years in the Llano Colony The Socialist City B y A. C o n s t a n c e A u s t i n The Hope Box What Was Done A S t o r y b y H e I e n F r a n c e s E a s I ey at the Uano's Solution of ~he Growing Grocery Bill Emergency Convention By Wesley Zornes Will Be Told By The Delegates firom California , / . .., �The Gateway To Freedom Through Co-operative Action T HE ll.ANO Dfl. RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY is situated in the beautiful Antelope valley in Los Angdes County, California. The Colony lies close to the Sierra Madre range where an abundance of clear, sparkling water from mountain spring• is sufficient lo irrigate thousands of fertile acres. The climate is mild and delightful, the soil is fertile, and markets are not far distant. The Llano del Rio Colony is a horticultural, agricultural, and stock-raising enterprise, with such manufacturing as will supply the needs of the colonists, with perhaps something lo sell \men the Colony has grown. LLANO OFFERS YOU ESCAPE FROM- I HE electric light bill, the water bill, the doctor's bill, the drug bill, the telephone bill, the gas bill, the coal bill, the dentist's bill. doe ochool book supplieo bill, the sewer assessment bill, and car fare, the annoyance of the back door peddler and beggar (Henry Dubbo who think the trouble is individual hard luck), the hundred and one greater and smaller burdens on the house· holder, and the lean weeks caused by disemploymenl and the con· sequent fear of the future. There is no landlord and no rent '• charged. While they are charged with living expenses, for food and cloth· ing, the colonists never fear meeting the grocery bill, the milk. the clothing bill, the laundry bill, the butcher's bill, and other inevitable and multitudinous bills thai burden the struggling workers in the outside world. For the lax bill he has no fear. The colony official• attend lo the details of all overhead. To colonists the amusemenh, sports, pastimes, dances, enter tainmen ts and all edu· cational facilities are free. COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT T HE LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a remarkable form of management that is the result of evolution. The management of the affairs of the Colony industries is in the hands of the department managers. In each department there are divisions. Over some of these divisions are foremen. All these are selected for their experience and fitness for the position. AI the department meellngt at many persons as can crowd m the room a re always present. I in thet. t no motions are ever made, no resolutio ns adopted and no ,.,·orkcn are shifted to the point where the needs are grt>alesl, and machinery is put on designated work. transportation is cu· ranged, wants are mad~ known and filled ao nearly as possible. The board of directors, memb•rs of which are elected by the stockholders, meets once a week and has charge of the financial and business management of the enterprise. These directors are on the oame basis as all their comrades in the colony. At the general auembly all persons over eighteen years of age. residing in the colony. have a voice and ..•ole. 0 CONSTITUTION OR BY-LAWS ANY persons who want lo know how the affairs of the Uano del Rio Community are conducted think, in order to gel this information, they must secure a copy of a con· slilution and by-laws. There is no constitution. The Llano Community contents itself with a ''declaration of principles" which is printed bdow. The management of the Colony rests with the board of managers, a member of which is the superintendent and his two assistants. Theoe managers are selected for their 6tneos and ability. The busineos and 6nancial affain of the enterprise are conducted by tbe board of directors who are elected by the stocltholders. The corporation by-laws are the stereotyped corporation by-laws of almost every slate. The only innovation is in the rntricting of anyone from ,·oling more than 2000 shares of stock, ~ardless of bow fnany shar<!S are held. As this is to be DECLAR.A.TION OF PRINCIPLES N conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inRexible rules and regulations the greater the harmony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a sel of laws the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration Follows: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over those of ·any individual. Liberty of action is only permissible when it docs not restrict the liberty of another. Law is a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community at large. Values created by the Community shall be vested in the Com• munity alone. The individual is nol justly entitled lo more land than is oufli· cienl lo satisfy a reasonable deoire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be held Ly private ownership. Talent and intelligence are gifts which should rightly be used in the service of others. The development of these by education is the gift of the Community lo the individual, and the exercioe of greater ability entitles none lo the false rewards of greater possessions, but only lo the joy of greater service lo others. Only by identifying his interests and pleasures with those of others can man find real happiness. The duty of the individual lo the Community is lo develop ability lo the greatest degree possible by availing himself of all educational facilities and lo devote the whole exlenl of that ability lo the service of all. The duty of the Community lo the individual io lo administer justice, to eliminate greed and selfishness, lo educate all and lo aid any in time of age or misfortune. These meetings are held regularly and they are unique minutes a r• kepi. The last action on any matter supercedes all former action and this stands until the plans are changed. The plan is working mosl admirably and smoothly. At these meetings the work is discussed and planned, reports are given, teams allolled, M the ultimate holding of ev\& ,member. this is considered a stronQ protective clause. The incorporation charier is also the usual type and gives the corporation the right lo transact almost all manner of business. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, safe, and well construed. There is no disposition on tho; part of stale officials to interfere. SOUND FINANCING NECESSARY P ERSONS cannot be adrnilled lo residence al the colony upon the paymen t of $10.00 or any other sum leas than the initial payment fee. Hundreds write and suggest they be al· !owed to pay a small amount, or in some cases, nothing at all, then enter the colony and work oul the remainder of their shares. If the colony permilled this there would soon be a hundred thousand applications. The money deri ved from these initial payn.cnls is used to pay for land, improvements, machinery, and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. h lakes considerable time to bring a large agricultural undertaking lo a productive point. The colony mus t proceed alon~ sound financial lines in order to conlinue its present success. This facl musl be obvious lo all. The manage· menl of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unmindful .,f the fact that there is a numberless army thai cannot take advantage of this plan of co-operation. Many lellers come in that breathe biller and deep disappointment. No one could regret this more than we do. h is our hope that the day will come when successful co-operative groups can say lo their otripped, robbed and exploited brothers: "You who come with willing hands and understanding of comradeship and co-operation are welcome." The installment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month is proving oatisfaclory. On this plan the absent comrade is providing for the future while his brothers a:ul oisters on the land are bearing the bruni of the pioneering. Farnilieo enteTin~ the colony begin to draw from the commissary. Some of the food. all the clothing, much of the material they draw, costs money. The initial membership fee goes lo offset the sup;><>rl of familia until the colony shall be on a paying buis. �; Write today for an application blank, fill it out and send together with a remittance of $10 or more to secure your membership. You can then arrange to pay $10 a month or more until you can so adjust your affairs that you can make final payment and join your comrades who have already born,. the lint brunt of pioneering. W IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED HEN a member of the colony. dies his shares and credits like any other property, go to his hein. Only Caucasians are admitted. We have had applications from Negroes, Hindus, Mongoiians and Malays. The rejection of these applications is not due to race prejudice but because it is not deemed expedient to mix races in 1hese communities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. All household goods and other shipments should be consigned to the Mme of the owner. Palmdale, California. care Llano Colony. Goods will be looked after by the colony freightman until ordered moved to Llano. All shipments should be prepaid, otherwise they cannot be moved and storage or demurrage may be charged. Freight transportation between the colony and the station is by means of auto trucks. Passengers are carried in the colony's auto stages. In shipping household goods, it will be well to ship only lighter goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and heavy articles should not be shipped from points where freight rates are high. Individuals may own their own automobiles and many colonists ~do own them. All livestock, poultry, etc., are kept in the departments devoted to those industries. The aim is to keep the residence portion of the colony clean and sanitary. LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS Among the industries of Llano, to which new ones are constantly being added, a re: printshop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, cleaning and dyeing, warehouse, machine shop, blacksmith shop, rug works, planing mill, paint shop, lime kiln, saw mill, dairy, cabinet shop, nursery, alfalfa, orchards, poultry yards, rabbitry, gardens, hog raising, two stages, lumbering, magazine, newspaper, doctors' offices. woodyard, vinegar works, b11kery, fish hatchery, barber shop, dairy goats, baths, swimming pool, studios, two hotels, drafting ro<>m, post office, commissary, camping ground, Industrial school, grammar school, Montessori school, commercial classes, library, women's exchange, two weekly dances, brass band, mandolin club, two orche•tras, quartets, socialist local, jeweler. PLAN OF ORGANIZATION Following is the plan which has proven successful: each shareholder agrees to buy 2,000 shares of capital stock. Each pays in cash or installments, $1,000. Each pays in labor, $1,000. Each receives a daily wage of $4, from which is deducted one dolla r fo r the stock he is working out. From the remainder comes his living eYpenses. Whatever margin he may have above deduction for stock and living expenses is credited to his individual account, payable out ef the surplus profits of the enterprise. If an installment member falls ill, is disabled or disemployed, the Colony gives him every opportunity to recover and resume payments. ' In no case will he be crowded. If he finds it impossible to resume payments, we will, upon request, issue stock for the full amount he has paid. This i• transferable and may be sold to his best advantage. In this we will endeavor to assist wherever practicable. Corporations are no t allowed by law to deal in their own stock. GENERAL INFORMATION The Llano del Rio Colony is the greatest Community enterprise ever attempted. It was founded by Job Harriman, May ht. 1914, and is solving the problem of disemployment and business failure. It offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their families. It is a perfect example of Co-operation in Action. No community organized as it is, was ever established before. The purpose is to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employment for the workers; to assure safety and comfort for he future and for old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best schools; and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. It has more than 800 residents, makin~ it· the largest town in the ; ; Antelope Valley. · More than 200 children attend the schools. Part of the children get meals at the school; some live at the Industrial school all the time. The Montessori school is in operation, taking the children from 2Yz to 6 years of age. A new school building is soon to be built on the new townsite. The County school and the Colony Industrial schools are both in operation. High school work is planned. In the Industrial school botany, domestic science, languages, agricuture, biology, practical fanning and the regular grammar school subjects are taught by competent teach- · ers. Manual training is already being taught ; buildings are now under construction. The children care for a 8ock of milk goals, chickens, turkeys, and many acres .of garden. They are very successful. They build their own buildings; the ,girls learn sewing and cooking; the children produce much of what they consume ; portien of their clothing is made by the sewing classes; they have their own horses, wagons and farm implements; they own pigs and a number of pets. Besides learning co-operation and developing a sense Of responsibility, they enjoy acquiring an education under these conditions. · They plan to go extensively into the raising of chickens and turkeys during the coming year. The Colony owns a fine herd of 12S Jersey and Holsiein cattle, I 00 head of young stock are on the range, being heifers and calves up to 2 years of age. Over 100 head of horses and mules, including colts, are owned by the Colony. These, with the . tractors and caterpillar engine, four trucks, and numerous autos, do the hauling and the work on the land. A recent purchase of Duroc-Jersey sows gives the Colony twentytwo registered high-class breeding sows and a splendid boar, the nucleus of a great development along this line. Many new pens have been built. Registration will be kept up and the raising of fine hogs made one of the leading industries. There are also some fine Berkshires, and a large number of grade sows. Much nursery stock has been planted, a vineyard of 40 acres put out, and many fruit trees set this spring. The Colony has more than 400 acres of orchards. Community gardening is successful, and an increased acreage will be put in each year. The ideal is to farm on an extensive scale, using all manner of efficient labor saving machinery and methods, with· expert and experienced men in charge of the different departments. Llano possesses more than 668 stands of bees. They are cared for by expert bee men of long experience. This department ·expects to have several thousand stands in a few years. The Colony has secured timber from the San Gabriel Reserve, and has a well equipped sawmill. Lumber worth $3S to $40 a thousand costs the Colony only a few. dollars a thousand. Social life is delightful, baseball and football teams, dances, picnics, swimming, hunting, camping, all being popular. A band, several o rchestras, a dramatic club, and other organizations assist in making the social occasions enjoyable. Alfalfa does extraordinarily well at Llano. Much has been planted and the acreage will be increased as rapidly as possible. Six good cuttings a season can be depended on. Ditches lined with cobblestone set in Llano lime, making them permanent, conserve water and insure economy. They 'will be built as fast as possible. A square mile has been set aside for the new city. With the sawmill running, the lime kiln producing a very superior lime, and with sand and rock abundant and adobe brick easily manufactured, the time is near when permanent buildings will be erected on the new site. It will be a city different in design from any other in the world, with houses of a distinctively different architecture. Houses will be comfortable, sanitary, handsome, home-like, modern, and harmonious with their surroundings, and will insure greater privacy than any other houses ever constructed. They are unique and designed especially for Llano. The Weekly newspaper, THE LLANO COLONIST, gives the news of the world, of the Socialist and Labor movement in condensed form. It carries the Colony news, etc., The subscription rate io SOc a year {Canada, $1.00). The WESTERN COMRADE is the Colony's illustrated monthly magazine with articles of general interest and pictures of Colony life and development. The rate is now SOc a year. After May 1, 1917, the rate will be 7Sc a year, JOe a copy. Present cembination rate for BOTH is 7Sc a year, and after May 1st, $1 .00 a year {Foreign postage · extra) . ADDRESS ALL . COMMUNICATIONS AND MAKE ALL PAYMENTS TO THE Uano del Rio Company, Llano, California .. �Apr 1 Issue Nineteen Seventeen Table of Contents Page Page A Talk About Babies________________________________________________ 22 Cover Page Showing two tractors recently purchased by the Colony to facilitate farm work and transportation. Editorials....... ·--·----·---·---·---·--··--·--------------------------------- 5 By Prudence Stokes Brown. Montessori-The Woman ________________________________________ 23 Frank E. Wolfe ~:ives a ~-up" ot his impressions of the quiet little lady who is working a revolution in the field of education. By Job Harriman. Building Llano's Industries ________________________________________ 8 In which Robert K. Williams shows how Llano is surely establiohing industries despite handicaps and obstacles. The Hope of Llano _______ ______________________________ _____________ 24 Or. John Dequer once more writes in an inspirational vein of the future of the Llano del Rio Colony. The Co-operative Commonwealth and Education .... 12 By Clinton Bancroft. The Socialist CitY---------------------------------------------------- 25 Another of this impressive series by the designer of the future city of Llano, A. Constance Austin. Merchandising the Atmosphere ............................... 14 A forecast of possibilities based on past achievements in California. By Alanson Sessions. What Propagandists Say_______________________ _-____ ______________ 27 Industrial Mechanics................................................ 15 Miscellaneous articles that are timely, among them being letters from State !iiecretaries of the Socialist Party giving By. L. \V. Millsap, Jr. their impressions of the new California constitution. Llano's Solution of the Growing Grocery BilL. ....... 16 What Thinkers Think in the Magazines __________________ 28 How the High Cost of Living can be offset by co-operadian as practiced at Llano. By Wesley Zornes. The gist of leading articles in leading magazines. The Hope Box·----·-·-------·---·---------·-·-·-·-----·-----·---------- 18 "Aditorial" -----·····---·----------··-·-----------·-------··--·-----·---- 30 A charming story that is frankly a love story and nothing else. By Helen Frances Easley. which every reader of the Comrade should take to heart. In which the circulation manager point• out certain things What Contest Workers Are Doing FIRST PRIZE $1000 Membership in the Uano del Rio Colony SECOND PRIZE $509 worth of Uano Stock THIRD PRIZE $ZOO worth of Uano Stock FOURTH PRIZE $100 worth of Uano Stock NEXT FOUR PRIZES Each $50 in Uano Stock OVER ZS SUBS Your Choice of a Variety of Uano Products IS TO ZS SUBS A Henry Dubb Statue.tte and a copy of "Was Schmidt Guilty?" 10 TO IS SUBS A Henry Dubb Statuette WILL DISTRIBUTE PAPERS "A friend handed me a copy of your paper which I found very interesting and I herewith inclose 50c for a year's subscription. If you arc sending out any free advertising matter, I would be glad to distribute some. ""Wishing you every success. I remam. "Your Comrade, ''H. A. W .• Michigan." • • • WILL TAKE OUT MEMBERSHIP ''I have received the latest copy of the "Gateway to Freedom,' dated january, ' 917. I am so pleased with it that I wish you would send me a few extra copies for mailing to my eastern friends who lr.now no\hing of your Colony and would become very much interested in it if they did, and some of them join, I am sure. "I intend to visit you in the very near fuJure aRd if I can arrang~ matters as I hope to I sball join issues and make my home with you. I shaD take out a membership anyhow and join when I can. Wishing yau all the success you deserve, remain, very sincerely and fraternally, ''F. G. A., California."' • • • Em est Harrsen, New York, remitting $1.50 for subs for friends, says: "'It is with increasing interest and perhaps admiration that I read the Llano Colonist and Western Comrade. I believe in practical Socialism, and think that the only thing the native American will fall for. They are all from Missouri. I think that a successful Colony, properly advertised, will make more bona fide Socialists than our often spasmodic efforts ol street speakers and educational a -mpaigns."' . . .. "I am very much interested in your plan a1td want lo work to the end of joining you as soon as possible," writes R. G. Page, Utah, sending in $3.00 for subscriptions. • • • Subscription cards for the Comrade or Colonisl, good until July ht, are SOc until May 1 only: Combination cards are 75c, after May 1st $UJO. �Co-operation Political Action Direct Action .. The Western Comrade DeYoted to the Caase of the Workers Entered as second-class matter November 4th: 1916, at the post office at Llano, California, under A~t of March 3, 1879. . PUBLISHED EACH MONTH AT LLANO, CALIFORNIA. SUBSCRIPTION RATE, .SOc a Year;~ Canada, 75c; Mter May ht, 75c a year; Canada $1.00; Single Copies JOe. JOB HARRIMAN ~ Managing Editor. 7 FRANK E. WOLFE Editor. In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing department may be certain that the right name is being changed. VOL. IV T LLANO, CALIFORNIA, APRIL, 1917. Ed • 1 t 0 HE Russian revolution was the world By J o b H event of the month. That a revolution in a nation of two hundred million people could occur in fifteen days is the marvel of it. This fact has shaken the thrones of the world and has already cast all crowns into the melting pot. More and more the armies of the world are being drawn from the people. The old standing armies are dead. Their blood has already filled the trenches. They were the pillars of state. Upon them the crown rested. But the pillars are crushed. The crowns are falling, and the armies that arc ~ailed from among the people are tied to them with heart chords, and when the people hunger the new soldiers will not shoot ngr kill. For this reason Russia has fallen. The throne of Germany is tottering. The Reichstag, the voice of the people, like the Duma, is demanding democracy, and soon the German army will heed the call of the hungry people. The same voice is calling for democracy in England and already universal and equal suffrage with proportional representation !:!as been substantially granted. Thus hunger will turn the armies of the nations from the capitalist governments of the world to the people of the world, and, joining hands, they will lead democracy in a triumphant march through every land. -oEXT in importance to Russia's revolution comes the declaration of war by the United States against Germany. England blockaded the North Sea, preventing all commerce with Germany. Germany declared a war zone about the Allies, preventing all commerce with them. Both belligerents are guilty of the same offense. Yet our commercial interests are found through the doors of the Allies and hence we join with them in war against Germany. Our international entanglements have been inevitable ever since the war broke out. Our interests are international and our arms will follow our interests. N r • 1 No. 12 a I s The owners of our industries and commercial enterpriese are directly, or by their representatives, in charge of the governmental affairs. This is of necessity true. The reserve power of the nation is found in its economic institutions. We must draw upon this reserve for our fpod while the forthcoming crops are ripening. It is therefore apparent that whoever controls this food supply is in a position to determine our national policy, whether it be for war or peace. Our commerci~l and industrial princes think they have less to fear from the Allies than from the Central Powers and hence our lot is cast with them. We will send our navy and our troops across the sea. A million men will be conscripted and billions ef dollars will be demanded. The blood has been sprinkled on the door lintels and the Rower of the American people will be stricken and the death rattle will be heard in the throat of the nation. a r r i m a n ---o-- T HE world's reserve food supply is virtually exhausted. Fighting armies of Europe have eaten the meat, the potatoes and the wheat products, and everywhere there is proof that the outlook for feeding the people of the world during next year is most alanning. The army is fed first, the people come next. Short rations have long been the portion of the non-combatants. Censorship in Europe has been so rigid that we are -unable to get accurate news until the lid blows off as it did in Russia. The French Minister of Agriculture submitted a report two months ago in which he stated that the allled countries required for actual necessities to carry them through this year 300,000,000 bushels more wheat than the stock now on hand. There are but two sources of such supply-America and Argentina-and neither country can spare a bushel wi'thout bringing want to its own people. Argentina has placed an embargo on exportation. There is not enough wheat on hand to carry the people of the United States through until the 'time of harvest and milling. Flour prices are the highest in the history of the country and exportation of wheat continues. Reports from the vanous 1'..6... • • �Page six Editorial winter wheat countries forecast short crops for next season. The aven:~ge wheat reserve at this season is 250,000,000 bushels. The reserve from which we are making heavy daily drafts is less than I 00,000,000 bushels. The world is a billion bushels of wheat short and suffering in America is inevitable unless prompt steps are taken. There is a great shortage in corn and oats. The potato crop is short the world over. The crop i!l America this year will probably be fifty per cent shorter than usual be~ cause of the prohibitive price of seed potatoes. The average price of potatoes in the spring of 1915 was 43 cents; today the average price is $2.40. Warring Europe needs a· billion bushels and if America exports any it will be at the J:Ost of hunger to its own people. It is predicted that unless the millions of men now on the battlefields of Europe are put to tilling the soil starvation will come to millions. It will bring a famine that will be followed by a revolt that will make the recent Russian upheaval seem a pleasant pastime by F. E. W. companson. S HORTAGE of food supplies has brought about a s.tartling chanp:e in the opinions of some of America's most far-sighted capitalists. Here is J. Ogdc" Armour, head of the meat trust, advocating s\ep-by-step Socialism and urgently advising that the United States government begin to step lively in order to avoid the appearance of being compelled to step. He favors government supervision of food production and food prices. He says Europe has been forced to socialize and th~t we should take . the step before we, too, are forced. He describes the situation as dangerous. This declaration is extremely significant. It comes from an accepted and acknowledged captain of capitalism in America. He is a fair and safe spokesman and his words carry weight. He wants to socialize before danger comes. Others will join him in the plea. Armour wants the government to take over the work (supervision) of producing and distributing the meat and other food production! As old Ben Frank! in said: "Ca ira." And it does- it comc.s, it marches, and it will sweep the earth. F. E. W. N O convention since the beginning of the Socialist movement . in America will occupy such an important place in history as the present gathering at St. Louis. The tacit, or organized, conspiracy of silence of the censored capitalist press keeps us from being informed from day to day, but we have the compensation that we are spared the painful experience of the proceedings. The Socialist press reports are accurate and, if they reach us rather belated, we have the satisfaction of knowing they are reliable. Among the first acts of the convention was the selection of a committee on war and militarism, The personnel of that committee was a guara!ltee of the satisfactory action and results. The committee was composed of: Job Harriman, Cali- The Western Comrade fornia; Morris Hillquit, Algernon Lee, Louis B. Boudin, New York; Victor L. Berger, Wisconsin; Kate Sadler, Washington; Patrick Quinlan, New Jersey; C. E. Ruthenberg and Frank Midney, Ohio ; Dan Hogan, Arkansas; John Spargo, Vermont; Maynard Shipley, Maryland; Walter Dillon, New Mexico; and George Speiss, Connecticut. The majority of this ~ommittee submitted a report ·that was adopted by a vote of 1.40 to 31 for Boudin's minority report and 5 for Spargo's report. The resolution called for unalterable opposition to all wars except the class war between the workers and the capitalist class. It declared that the working class of the United States has no quarrel with the working class of Germany nor any other country. It denounces as hypocrisy the statement that the war is not directed against the German people, but against the German government. "If we send an armed force to the battlefields of Europe," says the resolution, "its cannon will mow down the masses of the German people, and not the imperial German government. We brand the declaration of war by our government as a crime against the people of the United States and against the nations of the world. In all modern history there has been no war more unjustifiable than the war in which we are about to engage. "The working class has been plunged into this war by the trickery and treachery of the ruling class of the country through its representatives in the national administration and national Congress, its demagogic agitators, its subsidized press, and other servile instruments of public expression." The report of this committee will have a tremendous effect on the attitude of the working class of America toward the war with Germany and the terms of peace not only between this country and those officially chosen as its "enemies," but between belligerent nations of the world. It will profoundly influence the inevitable readjustments that will follow in the internal affairs, its economic and industrial problems. F. E. W. ---<>-- I N the light of subsequent events there are some extremely significant paragraphs in the speech delivered by John D. Works of California in the United States Senate just previous to the action that led to the declaration of war. Some of these utterances are well worth preserving here. It gives, at least, one strong man's argument and shows his views at an hour of imminent peril to a nation: "Any American citizen who would go to /Europe and walk down between the trenches where they were firing at one another with their machine guns would be an ass, and would deserve to get just what he would get. No, I would not take any chance of being shot for him . I would not fight for him. That kind of a citizen is of no value or credit to us; that is, he puts the nation in peril and does not bring anything of value in return to this country after having been nurtured in it to the age of maturity, an age when he ought in ordinary decency to help keep out of trouble by using a reasonable �'-::r-~ ..........~.~ The Western Comrade Editorial amount of common sense. So I would say to him when he starts for the war zone: 'My dear brother, we bid you farewell; you may go there if you want; you · can tramp up and down all your life between the firing lines; but I do not assume any responsibility for your · happiness or good health. It is right up to you.' " Senator Works outlined the hardships that American families were now undergoing because of excessive food exportations and the appalling increase in the cost of living. He said that there was suffering and lack of sufficient food within five blocks of the Senate chamber. He added that there· was a lack of shoes, clothing and other necessities of life, and asserted it was all due to the conflict and that he had no /) heart in it or for it. The following paragraph shows how clearly Senator Works understood the fact that the munition makers and food exporters were back of the move when he said: "I would say to those who want to go across the deadline where there are submarines or Zeppelins that drop bombs: 'Go, and God go with you; but go at your own risk. I will not fight to save the merchandise of any such American citizens as you are. Go, and ge t killed if you want to , but we, the people, will not fi ght for you , or the like of you, or for your cargoes of war supplies.' " F. E. W. ---o-N a recent discussion held at Blanchard Hall in Los Angeles between W. j. Ghent and !IIj}'self. Comrade Ghent took exception to a statement that all wars were on capitalist exploitation . In his "last word" closing the discussion (it could hardly be called a debate) he declared. that all wars had not been capitalist wars and he pointed to the fact that capitalism was of recent origin. This was, of course, true, but rather an adroit way of dod ging the fact that wars have always had an economic cause and that recent wars, which was the only thing under discussion, had capitalism's cohorts on one or both sides of the conflict. No claim was made that all wars were capitalist wars-·conflicts between capitalists for markets. The assertioR was intended to convey and did convey to the audience the truth that all wars had an economic cause and were based upon the motive of exploitation . The present conflict in Europe admittedly had its foundation in the struggle between · capitalism of the warring powers for the world's market. That Belgium and other small powers were caught in the grinding cogs and fought purely in self defense does not change the truth in the contention that the war has its base on capitalism's urge to expand. In the daily conflict between capitalism and its victims the war has the same foundation-the desire to continue and extend exploitation. It is well not to confuse the issue by a quibble as to whether the class struggle is a "capitalist war.'' The fact is capitalism forces it, and is in turn forced by conditions that must be changed before an end can be made to the struggle. F. E.W. I Page se>en L OS ANGELES is a city of approximately half a million inhabitants (vide claims of daily press). It is inte1,1sely patriotic (same authority plus an immense display of bunting). Some of its leading citizens are providing funds for recruiting, and one, who has large . interests in Mexico, has donated rifles and cartridges for military organizations rec ntly formed. The daily press fairly bubbles with enthusiasm and patriotism. One newspaper has · a number of "recruiting information stations," and nothing is left undone to arouse fervor. Every inducement is held for action. In Los Angeles, the record of enlistments in one week, according to the daily press, was 23 volunteers. During the same period San Francisco enlisted 45. Something will probably be done to bring the Southern metropolis up to the standard of her northern rival and to show that this popular movement meets with equally patriotic support in Southern California as in other parts of the United States. F. E. W. -o-- T HE group of self-styled Socialists which was given good position on page one of the capitalist dailies because it stood for war has been clamorously insistent that it stands for . preparedness, but not for militarism, which they say is far different. None of these intellectuals has, so far as can be learned, enlisted. At least one of these gentlemen publicly declared for MILITARY TRAINING and all were openly in favor of PREPARATION. Most respectfully do we refer them to Webster's Dictionary, vintage 1915:MILITARISM: The spirit and temper which exalts the military virtues and ideals and minimizes the defects of military training and the cost ~f war and preparation ·for it. F. E. W. ---o-- L LANO believes in preparation and it has prepared far beyond the hopes of a few months ago. This preparation has been in two directions- toward increased food production and improved housing conditions. The latter will come about to a great extent with the openi·ng and widening of our road between the mountain lumber camp and the sawmill on the llano below. The extension in food supply ancl additional feed for live stock comes through the increased acreage planted. Our gardens are enlarged, our fruit supply for the season wili be limited only by the capacity of the cannery to care for it. There will be a greater diversity and we will put up apples, pears, peaches, figs and an abundance of berries. Plans are made for enlarging the cannery and facilities for evaporating fruit. A large amount of vegetables will be produced and cared for. The outlook for next season's meat supply is the brightest. The apiarist promises twenty tons of honey. Llano is preparing, fortifying and entrenching. Preparedness for the future is our watchword. F. E. W. �Page eight About Llano Building Llano's Industries "Y OUR industries are better organized, I believe, than you people generally imagine," said C. Bickel, a young student of sociology and co-operation, who - - - is on his way to the Stanford University. "I talk to the men in the various departments and find that every man, as a rule, is fully informed as to the use of every part and the whereabouts of tools that are used in the respective departments. This is unusual. I have been in many manufacturing towns and have visited scores of plants. I find in them men who know but one thing-the thing they .are immediately concerned with. Not so in Llano. The men here are men of high order of intelligence, and all have the desire to push ahead and succeed. It is this impulse, in my i>pinion, that makes the men here acquainted -with so many of the details. They, of course, feel that the colony belongs to them individually. This is fine, and as it ought to be." Last year at this time no land was plowed for cultivation and planting. This year nearly four hundred acres a re ready for the harrow and seed. Marvelous indeed. It takes a perspective to see Llano properly. One can't figure from day to day, but from month to month. One thing that Bickel particularly mentioned was the spirit of co-operation. I am aware that it has been said there is no spirit of co-operation in Llano; but that is a n immense mistake. Everybody in Lla no will co-operate and be glad to co-operate when an intelligent and reasonable formula is laid down. Commissioner Wood of the county horticultural departmen.t asked what was done with the man who shirked. I answered the question by asking him one, thus: "What would you do if you were on a job, working as hard as you could, and the other fellow laid down on his end? Wouldn't you tell him about it? If he didn't improve, wouldn't you complain to the management ?" He smiled and said he understood. There is no such thing as a conce rted effort to kill time. Such a thing is only possible under capitalism. Now, look at some of our industries. For insta nce, go into the shoe shop. The Colony has some of the fine st shoe repairing and shoe making machinery so far made, and one of the best shoe men I have ever seen. This department runs like a clock. Organization! Give leather and other materials, and I'll back this departmen t to get the work done on schedule time. The machinery is capable of making fifteen or more men hustle with all their might to keep up. Step out of the shoe shop and into the cabinet departmen t and you'll find some industry there. There's Putnam, Matz, Badgely and Rechsteiner, .the old standbys. in there all the time. These men can make anything in wood. Every minute of the day they are employed in making useful things for the Colony. The planing mill department has been short of material frequently. and consequently its fu ll usefulness has not been available. I don't know anything about planing mill~. but people have told me the machinery used in the woodworking department is first-class. The machine shop turns out as efficient and quick work as can be had anywhere. It was this department that the already quoted visitor noticed tools kept in order. This. too, in the face of the fact that many of the shop boys complain ·of mislaid tools. You see, we are so close to affairs here, and every one is intimately and vitally concerned in the one and the same thing. In many instances lack. of organization is discovered in The Western Comrade By Robert K. Williams Llano. I have frequently found that the discoverer had no method of reerganization and himself probably unorganizable. You'll find men everywhere absolutely impossible to amalgamate into an organization·. This fact explains the slo~ growth of the unions, and even the Socialist party. When one considers that Llano started with a few small trees here and there, no money, no houses, no horses, no machinery, no people-nothing but hope-three years ago, the organization as shown here to-day is nothing short of marvelous. You must realize that every industry on the ranch had to be built from the ground up. We had no precedents to go by, nothing to guide us, and no one knew a thing about anything of this kind. Go back to the machine shop for a moment. This department is not over two years old. Yet it has up-to-date tools, lathes, shaper, drill presses, dynamos and other necessary things with which to work. The garage is as complete or more so than any in the valley, a nd there are many in the Antelope yea rs and years older. It is more difficult to build under capitalism, I know, but any garage owner would be more than proud of owning this shop with only two years' effort placed behind it. He would think he had succeeded. We take our shop as a matter of course. The blacksmith shop is a busy place. Some fine; heavy work has been turned out. The horses are taken care of, repairs made on farm machinery, new instruments of various kinds manufactured right on the farm. The workmenKrause, Page, Ossman, Garrison and others-are always willing to do their level best and with a pleasant smile. I have never seen or heard of any one receiving anything but prompt and courteous treatment. Of course, as this is a part of our family, we feel at liberty to tell how much we lack. Brothers and sisters fight, honestly. I've seen some of the most glorious battles-back East - in domestic circles, too. We have a perfect right to have a fight if we want to; but three years have almost gone by, and not a fistic encounter in Llano-nothing but words-and we are a big family. I'm not saying that the desire isn't sometimes present, but we recognize the fact that progress is not made when a community is angry, and after all we are here to solve the social problem and secure economic freedom. Cooperation alone can do this, and very few indeed but recognize this fact. What is the social problem? To me it mearis adjustment of human relationships. I have heard people talk of the social problem as if it were some intangible, far-off problem of the future, to be settled some day when "Socialism •came into power." People sometimes are surprised to learn that we consider the adjusting of ourselves to each other here in Llano is the working out of the social problem. Jack Wallace has got his warehouse and oil department in organized form. He is always on hand to give the colonist or stranger information or deliver the goods. Like many others, he is cramped for room, and the only frown seen on his face is occasioned when a fresh load of furniture shows up and no place to put it. He hopes, like the rest of us, that the Colony will soon own a big warehouse where plenty of room will always be available. Speaking of frowns. We had a lot of visitors from another part of the valley. You know the Antelope Valley is a tremendous expanse, and distances are great, and neighbors live �The Western Comrade About llano seventy-five miles away and still are in the valley. After looking at the mask ball on St. Patrick's day, they remarked that in· all their experience they had never seen faces so free from worry lines. This is no figment of mine. VisitoJ;S ·galore have told me that men and women wear fewer frowns in Llano than can be seen elsewhere. The reason, of course, is freedom from economic worries. Oftentimes we forget that harness-making is an industry, or the keeping of horses in healthy condition belong to a prominent and useful branch of the ranch. Lacking facilities as we have in the past and are at present, I think the work of Cr_awford, Head and Roedmeister is fine. Last winter, when the horses were shelterless, the hearts of every one bled for the a nimals, but none worried over it more than Crawford and the other men intimately associated with the horse end of the ranch. Now that it is warm and a huge barn is well under way, hope and confidence in the future is strong. It was persistence and organization that got these adjuncts to~tl;e ranch. Sometimes we lose patience and want to slacken up in our zeal, because we think that things are not moving fast enough. I know this feeling well and have seen it work harmfully. Howeve r, this feeling had little effect on our tanner, Sowitch. He came here full of enthusiasm to help build the Colony up by Page nmG who can wait, do the most with the least, is the useful member in any society, not in Llano alone. Wants and needs are different. I want many things and need but few. Realizing the necessity of recognizing this phase, George Deutsch, who has been in the commissary for ten months studying needs and wants, has evolved. a plan that works well in the distribution of commissary supplies. Under his system every household in the Colony is assured that whenever rations are in the commissary each will receive its share. The house\~ife does not need hurry to the store to get ahead of some one else. Whenever she comes for the kitchen supplies, whatever is to be distributed has already been apportioned and she knows that it has been done justly. The method of distribution obviates the necessity of rushing ' to the store and standing in line. The store for the families is open till 4 p. m.• and from 4 on for those who do not get o~ duty till then or after. Much praise is due Deutsch for working out this difficult problem. The commissary has been most difficult to handle. · Very little is heard about the dairy department. George Mililgan, who has charge of the milk production and breeding for milk producers, never says a word, but goes ahead and is getting results, as is evidenced by the regular and steady sup- This is NOT one of the model houses of Llano. h is one of the temporary houses !hal are being built !o lake care of immediate needs. Many such houses are being built. Beller and be!!er homes are being constructed as the community grows older and facilities become more complete. doing the tanning. There has been great need of a tannery here, such as he wanted. We had the hides and could provide more. Day a fter day elapsed and, outside of the preliminary work of starting the vats and foundation, little was done toward his tannery. Delay after delay occurred in the arrival of tools and implements used in tanning. Patience seemed almost on the verge of eClipse at.J.imes, but now that the tannery is an assured fact, Sowitch wears a broad smile, and the Colony is promised leather that will answer for all purposes. Now some leather is already in process of being made. The reason I mention this in this fashion is to poin t a moral. \Ve must learn to know that conditions control. Conditions govern here more than in the established centers of industry. There they have all the tools with which to work, and men to order about as tools. Here we sometimes ~ toolsmoney being among the number-and when the tools of industry are not here, and for the moment unprocurable, we must wait and shift about and plan. This, too, is part of the social fabric. Any one can purchase with money. An ordinary mechanic can do fair work with tools, but it takP.s a genius to perform miracles with inadequate tools. Geniuses and leaders are being brought to the front in Llano. The man ply of milk and butter. It .is true that the Colony could consume more milk and butter, and sometimes there have been shortages, but as a rule the supply has been quite sufficient for Colony needs. At the present time Milligan has sixty-odd cows in the barn. Every day a new cow is added from the pasture lands below the colony. While we all would like cream, cheese, etc., from our milk, we realize it is impossible and are willing to wait until it can be produced. This is what we call conditions controlling. The milk department is run efficiently. The men working in and about the barns silently and surely perform these necessary services, and the rest of us accept the product of their labor with little thought. You'll surely admit the dairymen are some co-operators. In the matter of distribution of the milk supply, Groves has it down so fine that one hears but little complaint. It is up to Groves to count noses and see that every one entitled to milk gets his share. Organization in his department makes this possible. There would be little trouble running any department had we a big supply of everything. One has to consider the number of people arriving, those here, and an emergency always possible, when attempting organization of any department. Each division or department of the ranch has to be �Page ten About Llano started ot has been started from nothing. No precedents aid one. Each question that arises is a new one. It is for this reason, and also that every stockholder is equally interested, that suggestions, good, bad and indifferent, are offered. Human nature demands attention. The earnest man, whether right or wrong, .feels that his advice should be taken. When it is not possible to follow gratuitous advice, it frequently happens that the individual proffering the suggestion feels hurt. Without knowing all the details and conditions it is hard for ·any o.ne to advise. Conditions and infinite detail control. Joe Valek is probably as good a baker as there is in . the country. He also is one of the fastest workers in dough I have ever seen. He used to turn out 300· and 350 loaves daily. Now he makes more than 500. In addition, when time permits and materials are available, he makes cobblers, ~ook­ ies, cakes and pies for the hotel. joe will work at all hoursin fact. any hours. Recently a flour shipment was delayed, and when it did arrive it was past 9 o'clock. Joe, with a smile, turned to and made a batch of bread and the colonists had hot bread for breakfast. This is co-operation sure enough. Had he no method such a thing would not be possible. As long as the finished product comes to us we think little of it. When withheld, we cry inefficiency, .lack of organization, probably, or some other incorrect thing. August, 1916, the print shop was erected. The building adjoins the cannery on the north. It is a small affair, but in it are a modern linotype, a fairly good press, a folder and job press and other print shop equipment. Where the most complicated of all machines- the linotype- now stands, a bunch of sage grew less than a year ago . . George Cantrell is responsible for this metamorphosis. He had a persistent idea that Llano could be made a publishing center, and he has actually succ;.eeded-succeeded. beyond his wishes. as a matter of fact, for he can't begin to do the work already piled upon him. His quarters are too small, the machines inadequate for the increased demand. But the thing I want to impress upon you is that organization made this possible. When he started he knew what he wanted. He got good men about him, and few people are conscious of the existence of the newspaper plant. Roll on the press; Brande on the case; Cantrell, Butler and johnson on the linotype, with several helpers, make up a crew of silent and swift workers. Hand in hand with the print shop is the office of the WESTERN COMRADE and COLONIST, under the management of Ernest Wooster. Through this office sifts the materials that go to make up the magazine and Colonist, as well as the literature that contains descriptions of the ranch and its acttvthes. The office of the COMRADE and COLONIST is in the back of the hotel; nothing dignified about it, but for efficiency and organization there are few newspaper offices in the country that can equal it. In it is a staff of helpers who love the work. Millsap, a mechanical genius and always on the job, has charge of the mailing. He has devised some very clever labor-saving articles which are worth real money. Busy! These people have absolutely no .regard for time. Come early or late, these ardent colonists are at their desks. Mrs. Wooster, Ernest's mother, has developed into a real newspaper woman and aids wonderfully in securing efficiency. jessie and Elizabeth Richardson took to newspaper work naturally and have proved of great assistance in the arduous · task of getting results. Mrs. Corinne Smith, Mrs. D. jewett and Mrs. Jennie O'Loughlin help in the office, and much of the promptness and sureness of the Colony's publications are due to their efforts. When seeking an example of co-operation and organization, investigate the COMRADE office. The Western Comrach The WESTERN COMRADE and COLONIST have steadily gained in circulation and· they are receiving more attention than ever. Since Comrade job Harriman has issued an epochmaking statement, the columns of the two issues will be and are being read more widely than heretofore. An old-time member of the Colony, who has the wanderlust, writes me from a different town nearly every week and tells me he has visited 120 towns inside of eleven months, and in the majority of these, he says, the WESTERN COMRADE can be found. This is good news to us. It is natural that advanced thinkers want to keep abreast of the doings in such a colony as this. Llano is trying to work out something that has heretofore been a theory; she wants to convince the world that co-operation is actually a success. While doing this, the publications are going broadcast and radical minds grasp all progres5tve news. Publishing is a success in Llano and if a more complete plant were here the publications would return dividends, if we figured in that fashion. Almost dailv this department is compelled to turn down real paying business. We ate over a thousand dollars' worth of pork this winter. That is, we saved in cash to ourselves that much money. As times goes on, and that shortly, too, the hog department will be so organized as to produce all the hog meat we will need. john Will took charge of this department several months ago. It wasn't much to look at at the time. The hogs were few, too. To-day he has 300 porkers in the pens and in the' field . . He has some twenty of the finest registered Durocs in the- valley. These thoroughbreds are worth many hundreds of dollars. Soon a big increase will occur in the hog colony. Through Will's foresight he has prepared places, and now the hogs are comfortably cared for. The increase of stock, improvement of the strain, getting bigger hogs, the building of buildings for their care, has been no accident. john Will thought it out, and those under him helped carry his plans out. Method and organization has worked wonders in the hog department and two years hence Will predicts phenomenal success. One of the show places of the ranch, the rabbitry, is a paying institution. The Colony has been fairly well supplied with rabbit meat. W. L. Kilmer, now assistant superintendent, is responsible for the rabbits being in such goocf condition. It was his practical experience that led him to build houses that would properly care for the breeders. As soon as time and lumber permits, the rabbitry will be increased, and this department promises to play a prominent part in the meat supply of the Colony. Lack of lumber only prevents further additions to the pens and rabbit increase. We are so rushed for labor, time and lumber that we of necessity must forego many useful things. Again conditions control. That we have any rabbit meat at all is due to organization. Kilmer knew what he wanted and, in part, got it. He still wants to see that department grow, as it surely would had we the materials to fu rnish him. Visitors always exclaim in admiration when they sight the rabbits nestling in their little hutches. One doesn't notice much friction at the lime kiln. Charley Stevens, with his old reliables, produce lime of excellent character and do it without bluster. Knowledge, organization and , method are necessary for this. We take a look at the building department now. This department has been a storm center since I've been in the Colony, almost a year and ten months now. 'Many men have tried to give satisfaction in this trying position. The demand for houses has always been ahead of the supply. We had hoped last year to get logs down from the mountains and get all the lumber we needed. For a time it seemed as if we had �The Western Comrade About llano succeed~. We cut a good many thousand feet of lumber and then quit because of_ snows in the mountains. One has to live here and be close to the job to understand fully the wearisome and provoking delays, but good reasons, of •course, cim be given why we have not had more lumber. When we bought lumber from the outside, transportation then became the big problem, and it is some problem indeed. Any truck owner knows the precariousness of keeping trucks _in condition, and in addition we had a rough wash to cross. {By the way, it is now being paved.) It is hard to explain and make people understand, when they have paid for a thing, why service should not be rendered on schedule time. So many thi.ngs enter into the details of Colony life, and each one seems to be equally pressing, that the building department is constantly "up against it." One of the things that few people take into consideration is the fact that new members are constantly com· ing. These have to be provided for. Time and labor are given for this purpose, as well as lumber and tenting. The diversion of materials for this purpose alone is not inconsiderable, and must be taken into consideration before anything like an accurate estimate of the housing conditions can be arrived at. For people to be contented, they must have proper shelter. TRUCK LOAD OF CANS for the cannery. Photo taken in busy season. Will be repeated many times this year. - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - ------·-·· We all recognize this. This problem above all others, barring, of course, the food question, receives deepest consideration. There isn't a man on the ranch that hasn't seriously thought on this subject, and many have been and are the answers. The saw mill, with B. J. Smith in charge, is probably the real solution. Recently this institution procured a tremendously strong tractor. This will be put on the road to· haul logs. In the meantime a road sufficiently wide must be built to the mountains. A twenty-five horsepower tr.tclor and scraper are used io rush this work. Movable camp tents and camps established on the road will permit of further efficiency. No time will be lost, if possible, in the rushing of this work, for we all feel the necessity of having plenty of lumber for all purposes before the fall season. Sufficient lumber spells a lot of content' ment for us here and those to arrive. In the meantime comrades who are to join this great constructive work are asked to pay an additional sum, ranging from $100 to $200, with which to buy lumber from the outside markets. We put the orders down in rotation and as little partiality shown as is possible. We seldom, if ever, promise when a house can be finished. We sometimes seem to run over reasonable time limits, but that, again, can't be helped. Conditions are conditions and we are striving to better them; and we are daily, too. The building problem will work out all right, but in the immediate now looms big. We are taking care -of people the best we ca:n, and I think right nobly, too. Pioneer conditions here are not comparable with those of desert claims or homesteads, no matter how favored the spot may be. Every one of these places lacks social environment. Take the little understood department of the engineers. Colonists themselves seldom hear anything about the engineering department. The reason for this is a working organization. When one needs information relative to the land, water, distances and a working knowledge of the resources of the ranch, consult Engineer Proebstel. He will tell you; if he can't, he'll give you the reason why. The water resources have been materially increased by developing water from the old tunnel tapping the underflow of the Big Rock. The tunnel was put in twenty-odd years ago. The work was completed in 1896. The length of the tunnel is 3,075 feet. When the work was stopped and the creek bed tapped, reliable reports show that 186 inches of water flowed from the mouth of the tunnel. After the early settlers disappeared for various reasons the tunnel received no care. Caveins resulted and in the course of years the waterway became clogged until less than seventy-five inches flowed out. Possibilities of re-establishing the former flow as well as developing mOie water were seen. For weeks a crew worked and few people even in the Colony knew what was being done. The tunnel is now cleaned out, and Ray Proebstel, our engineer, tells me that $34,000 has been added to the material wealth of the Colony by this work. More than 130 inches flow from the tunnel now. Some young men are now engaged in making a place for a hoisting engine to haul the gravel out of the tunnel when work is resumed under the creek bed. Every water man who makes any pretense of knowing anything about water development i; satisfied that a steady flow, materially more than now runs, can be secured by further penetrating the gravel, forty-one feet below the present bed of the stream. Several ideas relative to water development are under consideration. Method and foresight made it possible to incrase the water possibilities of Llano. Comrade Millarr has charge of the agricultural end of the ranch. It is some job. Every one knows it. Millatr recently went over the ranch with Professor Campbell, the Southern Pacific expert on tillage, 'and there are few points of difference in their conclusions as to the proper way of handling soils. Millarr and his associates, from the corral up the line, are cooperating in every possible way to get crops in this year and to prepare the land for fall work. The land in Llano in most part has been reclaimed from nature and lacks humus. The soil has to be built up, as every farmer knows, but, according to Campbell, the soil is capable of producing anything when given plenty of cultivation. I will skip a lot of organized industries for want of space and speak of the organization in and about the hotel and the difficulties of housing. Mrs. Williams, my wife, has had charge of the hotel and truth compels me to say that she has effected an organization that works. The kitchen: Allan Thorp is a cook of long experience and has owned a business of his own before coming here. From four to six girls assist in the dining room. I hate to talk out loud about what I think of these girls and their work (Continued on Page 26) �Page twelve Co-operation The Western Comrade The Co-o.perative Commonweath and Educatio~ By C I i n t o n B a n e r o f t - - -.0 VERNMENT is the conservation; the crystallization of the results of human progress. It follows and depends upon, never shapes or precedes, industrial development. Its functions are to conserve, to intensify, to gene ralize. not to lead; and co-operative workers now declare that industries may be so perfectly organized through private .15sociation and combination that they may finally be brought one by one under the operation and control of that mighty organ of society; but such organization must be done by the people consentingly with that final consummation ":!ways in stroying it; for organization is monopoly, and monopoly is upon us. There is left to the workers but a single choiceprivate monopoly under capital-ownership, or private monopoly under co-operative ownership. If they are atisfied to remain industrial slaves, they will choose the former. If they wish to be free and independent, they will choose the latter. As stated, the transition of ownership must be gradual and it is only in this way that it can be so done; it can not be done at once nor by any law or edict or administration; neither can it be done by simply talking about it and explaining and VIeW. advocating it. Talking, and explaining, and advocating are But the success of would-be practical attempts at -changing very necessary .>.nd indispensable in the work of organizing present systems or effecting a transition from privat'e to col- and instructing the workers in methods and systems, but they lective ownership of industries must be measured by. the accu- are neither the best nor only means of educating the people. racy with which ~uch attempts reflect the educative chang~ More than that must be done. The educators themselves must already wrought among the people. An educated brain and practice what they teach. If they confine their efforts to hea rt, an enlightened conscience and intellect, mind and morals teaching science, art, literature, language, law and trades, illuminated by the divine light of knowledge-these a re the and to professional and vocational training they will never 5olvents of error and evil everywhere. achieve the results they so much deFor if the working of the new industrisire. Neither will criticism of capitalistic methods, denouncing the perpeal system (and there must be a new O-OPERATIVE workers now system if the old evils and causes oi trators of wrong and injustice to the slavery, poverty and conflict are to be workers, nor appeals to the people for declare that industrie> may be destroyed) depends upon the voluntary sympathy for the martyrs to the cause so perfectly organized through priof labor effect the desired end. But support of the people, it cannot have vate association and combination it in the very na ture of things unles;; criticism that calls the attention of the that they may finally be brought the people are educated to an inte llipeople to these things and at the same one by one under the operation and gent comprehension and approval of it. time directs them to an organized cocontrol of government. The Modern Educator therefore reoperative system better for them in There is left to the workers but alizes that industrial organization must every way and offering opportunity to a single choice-private monopoly the workers to gain economic power kee!5 time and pace with the educative under capital ownership, or private progress of the people, and that his and industrial freedom is a different position, like that of the industrial ormatter. Something will be gained by monopoly under co-operative ownsuch action. That is the best educaganizer, is not ahead of them, not on ership. If they wish to be free and the heights of ideal socialism expoundtive plan; and that will require an orindependent they will choose the ing its beauties and beckoning to them ganization that will both advocate and latter. to follow, to climb up after him, but practice a co-operative system adaptdown among them, at their bead, with able to industrial and educational conthem, a part of them, working for ditions and the needs of the workers; them. He realizes as never before that the theories and one whose benefits a nd advantages are easily accessible by principles he teaches may conform to the logic of pure thought, them everywhere, national in extent and responsible a like to but social systems and policies must conform to the circum- producers and consumers. To show what that system is to be and how it will be estabstances and conditions of the people. The great competitive system is pi'acticed by the great ma- lished is a very important part of the work now confronting iority of the people. It must be gradually transmuted and the Modern Educator. That is the education the people need, especially the working class. and in the Modern School it will changed to a co-operative system. But a co-operative sy.stem of any scope can not be success- begin with the child. fully operated among a people and by a peopie unless a very A very deaF and practical illustration of the Modern School high degree of organizing power has first been developed may now be seen in the schools as conducted in the Liane del among them. Of its great rival, the compc'itive wage system, Rio Colony. In them are taught what is usually embraced in the reverse is true . The lower a people are in civilization, the the curricula of the public schools from the p;imary to the less organizing power they have and the less general intelli- university. But here, along with the text-book studies which gence there is among them, the better the competitive system are adapted to static mind culture alone, are taught those works. Great oppressive combinations among the masters things which change that culture from the static to the dycan not so successfully be made. The industrial slave has a namic. The idea of the polytechnic schools is maintained freer field in which to compete. But the co-operative system throughout the course, and the arts and trades are taught as requires organizing powers, and the fact is that our' organiz- well as literature and science; indeed, the latter are studied ing powers have now become so great that they not only in- with a general reference to the former. Not alone is the brain vite an adoption of the co-operative system but they are forc- educated, but the h•md and eye and ear, the main avenues ing it upon us whether w~ will or not. through which the brain is reached. But it i-s as much in the The competitive system is doomed (not dead, but doomed methods as in the matter taught that the Llano schools are to disappear from the industrial field). Organization is de- different from the public school system. Books are not aban. 1 I C �The Western Comrade Co-operation Page thirteen· cloned by any means, but they are reduced to their proper ing to establish other educational ~enters of a similar character. place as ·guides and aids to the student engaged in acquiring They are also planning a great university as the crowning knowledge as ncar as may be from original sources, and ac- feature of their industrio-educational system in which will be tively engaged as far as possible in its ·useful application. taught-in addition to law, literature\ art, science and tradesBut it should not be understood that by the useful is always co-operative organization of industries, co-operative land purmeant the material. Whatever best contributes to the culti- chasing, co-operative banking and exchange, and the power vation of the mind and the well-rounded development of the that free money and · free land would be to the workers in individual is not omitted. But usually that cultivation and de- their efforts to gain. economic freedom from their capitalistic velopment ~an best be attained by the application of the masters. This university is to be grander in design, broader physical and mental powers to something that is or tends to in scope and utilitarian purposes, and with a capacity for a larger number of students than any other university hitherto be materially useful. The individual is made up of mind and body and his per- established in the United States. And its terms are to be fect development requires the proportionate and symmetrical within the easy reach of all the workers. The founders of development of these two constituent~ . "Mens sana in corpore Llano Colony realize that knowledge is power, and that knowlsano," is the object and sum of life; a perfect mind in a per- edge is. gained by education, by experience in actual contact fect body, perfectly developed in all their powers and func- with the world, and in the practice of the arts, trades, protions; and in the Llano Colony schools the student is taught fessions and vocations in which the student ha~ been trained how this development may be most nearly approximated. De- and educated. They realize- that education is a very necessary means in · velopment requires exercise; for the body, action; for the the struggle for industrial freedom, mind, thought. Thought and action but that without a complete underscientifically directed and properly prostandi-n g of the fundamental essentials portioned are the only means by which to successful co-operative production this development may be attained. The and just distribution, which essentials ideal man is not the dreamer, the seare collective ownership of land by dentary scholar, nor the mac 1 e phiproducers and consumers, and exlosopher. The ideal man co ines in change of the proauds of labor at healthful measure both thou ht and labor cost of ha ndling, and how to efaction. Learning and labo . physical fect their legal possession and conlabor, should go hand in and, and current operation during the' period of that is what industrial education educating the workers and re-organizmeans. The ideal school system then ing ownership,-all private and public necessary to this complete development educational plans and systems and will be that which gives the student schemes, all schools of every. descripproper oprortunities for the exercise tion, colleges, universities and foundaof these two faculties-mind and body. tions; however grand and noble their He must have time to think {study), purposes and aspirations may be or and to act {labor, exercise). whatever the merits and advantages Briefly stated, the patron saints of their founders may claim for them, are the Llano Colony schools are F roebel, only contributing to the further upMontessori, and Solomon. But the building and strengthening of a dommethods of these natural educators are inant, powerful, and unyielding propso extended and adapted as to be apThe children learn many things at Llano. erty class. plied along with "book-learning" to · These are making quilts for their beds In the struggle to gain industrial every department of education. The freedom, in the process of organizing arts, trades, and sciences are all drawn and building up the Co-operative Comupon in well balanced proportion, and natural methods applied most largely to the teaching of them monwealth, in the transition of ownership of great labor-emall. The graduates of Llano Colony schools will go forth from ploying productive industries, and in the adjustment of details their alma mater with no sickly, false, or sentimental views of in all their industrial, political, and legal phases, the educated life. The whole tendency of its educational system is to give man with the special training for the work to be done will the student wholesome and healthful ideals of learning and be preferred to the untrained, -under educated and inefficient labor, of duty and happiness, and to equip him for getting the one, just as he would be in any other great undertaking. In most and the best out of the years before him. The ~tudent this great movement already begun, all the powers of educated is expected to pass imperceptibly from the schools to the trade minds and skilled hands available will be in demand and utior occupa·tion in life which his natural aptitude has led him lized. In that sense and for the purposes of organization anc! all along to select, and in the Co-operative Commonwealth intelli~ent leadership, education embracing law, political econcontinue the process of self-development, mental, moral, and omy and parliamentary practice and tactics is necessary to physical. That is the real, the true Continuation School; the working class. But if there are those, be they reformers or for traine~ men are at the head of each ind}Jstrial department, revolutionists, who hope to solve the industrial problem by and the workers in each constitute under the Llano co-opera- first l?;aining contn;,l of government through a political party tive regime a school in itself wherein are intelligently and in order to establish the principles they teach, leaving meanscientifically discussed and investigated all matters of interest while their graduates and the workers to the chance anel pertaining to their future physical life in the Co-operative circumstance of conditions in competitive society and the Commonwealth. And it is the desire and purpose of the found- wage-system under capital-ownership, their hopes must end in ers of the Llano Colony to extend their schoql system by help- disappointment and tlleir work in a yet stronger capitalism. .' .. �Arricahare Page fourteen Merchandising the Abnosphere I l The Western Co.mrade sy Atanao.n seuion• N tho !OUI Ant<lop< Volky ;, the ''malcing " of on< pounds in baling, h~uling and shipping. After that, on the of the most wonderful dairy and stock sections of same acre, he raised another two ton crop, thus totaling fourthe world. Along with the profitable cow, goes the teen tons. Fourteen tons of alfalfa, with the usual grain, will lean meat hog, whence comes the kind of bacon that feed three ordinary cows a year, if fed without waste. The sun, the ocean, the winds and the high mountains play rapidly mounts up into cash. In the Canadian Northwest there are three months in· the strange-pranks on the Pacific coast. The soft southwest winds year-July, August and Winter. In the Antelope Valley alse laden with moisture, evaporated by the tropic sun, sweep over there are three months in the year-December, January and . the valley and precipitate their burden in the high Sierras. So all through the hay-making season no rains fall in the broad Summer. One basis of wealth of this rapidly growing district is alfalfa. valley. The dry air cures the hay perfectly, so practically The soil throughout the valley is easily inoculated with nitrogen- every crop is saved without a loss. In the hottest weather the fixing bacteria, which, soon after the germination of the plant, rake follows the mower, putting the new mown hay into small begin to develop nodules and to draw the nitrogen .from the shocks, where is cures perfectly in from two to five days, and air. The hotter the air the faster the bacteria work, extract- retains all its leaves. Alfalfa is the best roughage for milk cows, young animals ing the nitrogen from the atmosphere and soaking it into the sap of the alfalfa root, through providing all the nitrogen and lean stock. Horses and cattle will grow to full size on necessary for rapid growth. With water plentifully and skil- alfalfa. Heifers developed solely on alfalfa make famous fully applied the limit of production is usually guaged by the milk producers. There are thousands of cows that annually amounts of available sulphur and phosphorous in ·the soil. produce more than a hundred dollars' worth of butter fat on Sodium carbonate or bicarbonate is nearly always present in nothing but alfalfa hay. They would do better with grain and a better balanced ration, but the cheapness of alfalfa sufficient quantities to preserve the alkalinity of the soil. One of the landmarks of progress in agriculture is· the dis- makes grain feeding a doubtful source of profit. Hogs frequently grow from weaning time to a weight of covery that sulphur is one of the primarily important plant foods. For many years the cow colleges have told us that 400 pounds on alfalfa pasture, with occasional periodical phosphates, potash and nitrates are the only plant foods with . forays into a barley field, or a raisin vineyard where waste fruit which a farmer need ordinarily concern himself. Recently was left. If time enough is taken, the pasture, shelter, shade numerous experimentors almost simultaneously announced that and water kept in best condition, a pound of grain will make their soils respond more readily to applications of pure sulphur a pound of pork. The more grain the quicker the hog will than anything else. A chemical analysis of alfalfa hay shows mature, but the hog business in Llano will doubtless consist in making pork on alfalfa pasture. a greater amount of sulphur than phosphorous. In many parts of California The sulphur is commonfy applied to the soil in gypsum (limerye sown in September on irrigated land will often be ready to sulphate), superphosphate, or head out in January and makes in sulphate of potash. In this On Home Books valley one of the soil ingredients a wonderful pasture. Alfalfa By A. Constance Austin growers often sow grain in the generally present is sodium sulBOOK-a childhood's treasure, or the choice alfalfa fields after cutting the phate, or Glauber's salts. This Of some forbear who else has left no sign, last crop in the fall. It grows all salt is sometimes called "white By its mere presence, its patina fine alkali." Alfalfa growers have winter and the grain will be cut Of use and age, speaks in a subtle voice noticed that the heaviest crops with the first crop of alfalfa. To that deep self which first we brought to earth;Fresh from the rimaI truth of the beyond, grew on the edges of the "alkali Sometimes it is threshed, and the Yet conscious of experience, of a bond.spots." Till recently they had no straw, mixed with alfalfa hay, Feeling the weight of all the lives whose worth, authority for the belief that makes very fine feed. And weakness, builded up his own. This soul, Sugar beets, turnips, mangels, white alkali, or sodium sulphate Befogged by futile fact, behind whose veil We crouch, dismayed by glimpses of the goal was food for alfalfa. Now we carrots and other hardy roots Whose vastness daunts; --yet thrills to feel the frail know it is good because of. the grow thriftily through the winReRect and perfume of the past, control sulphur it contains. ter, if started in November or Him with an inward power beyond assaiL There has always been much December. Canadian field peas Then those torn covers show where childish hands discussion of the possible tonand crimson clover are other allBroke in to seize the message; -not mere words, nage of alfalfa that could be winter crops grown successfully But aspirations. Still the mem'ry girds grown on an acre. The Fresno after the ground is inoculated, or Us on to meet lhe p romise; it commands County Fair Association once the indigenous bacteria adapted A vision of the glowing haze that stands Between youth and life's streos; - that youth constarted an alfalfa contest to find by continuous planting. demned out. Under the strictest rules and Alfalfa is an air plant. Its To see the tide of his full pulses stemmed supervision the winner cut and nitrogen comes from the air By the dead reef of custom's set demands. delivered at the fair grounds, through the bacteria on its roots, But those first books seem but a breath, to bid Him catch at every dream in which lhe past, before the first of October. the carbon comes from the air Hope's free. insptring lessons age-long hid, eleven tons, fifteen hundred and enters the plant through the To beckon onward to the best and last. pounds of clean, fine, well-cured leaves. The good dairyman marThus lhe old books, even unread, forbid hay, all grown on an acre, in one kets his butter-fat and returns Soul-weary worldliness to bind us fast. season. The grower cla~ms to most of the milk to the wil by havt lost more than five hundred {Continued on 'P.ase 26) A �The Western Comrade Mechanics Industrial Mechanics JJ may be a misfortune to be regarded a seeing everything through the eyes of a mechanic, but we can "find tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, sermons in stones, and good in everything," so we will look for the good in being · so regarded and see what can be found. In the first place the real mechanic must have vision. He must be able to see beyond surface conditions. When· he looks at a part of a machine, he must see more than a dirty, greasy piece of iron. He must see the relation of parts to each other and be able to trace motion from one part to another through a maze of intricacy. He must look through the paint and finish and even through solid iron walls and bars, and see what is going on behind them. He learns to know instinctively how much each part can stand and how much strain it takes to snap it. He learns to recognize when parts are related in the best manner and when they are not, what parts are superfluous; when the essentiai ones are functioning properly and when they are not. So something good can really come out of Nazareth. Industry is a pretty broad term. It covers a lot of activity and only by induslljY is life possible. We must work to live and we must produc~ material things. Material things are vitally necessary to our existence and the more of these Page, fifte'en By L. w. Millsap, Jr. eat, and furnish the means o'f producing it. They determine our habits and our thoughts; the kind of shelter we use; the kind of clothes we wear; the places where we hve, and the distances over which we travel. . This being true, it is fitting and it is important that we give some consideration to the mechanics of industry, ·for no matter where we go, at home or abroad, at peace or at war, it is the person, or group of persons, or state, or nation, which is developed the most highly along mechanical lines that survives the longest. Darwi·n says the fittest will always survive. This being true, the fittest are the persons or nations who have developed the farthest along mechanical lines, for in the ultimate it is still the forces'· of nature we must defend ourselves from and make use of to sust<tin our lives. In Llano we have dared to step into unknown realms, not unmindful that we are likely to make both discoveries and mistakes. We realize the importance of the mechanical development of our enterprise. To the outsider coming from an environment where mechanical lines are highly organized, our first steps along ~echanical lines may seem uncertain. In a desert where nature's material is in an absolutely raw state our efforts seem puny and the out:.icYer doesn't realize that our progress has been made with a minimum expenditure of money. He cries "inefficiency" but that is a relative term. Extreme left shows scene in building rock-iined ditches for irrigation; center shows one corner of the machine shop; right is the Llano barber shop. material things we make use of the more highly developed our life becomes. These material things are all composed of nature's raw material transformed to suit our needs, and from the dawn of history the problem of transforming them has confronted us. In solving it we have made discoveries. We have discovered relations between things, laws, principles, and processes, and one discovery has led to another. As a principle becomes clear in our minds it suggests an arrangement of material to make it operative. In arranging material to serve our purpose, we have discovered new principles and so on, and in this way all the laws of mechanics have been established. This has grown through the ages until we little realize how much our life depends upon it. From birth to death we are dependent more and more upon mechanical devices, and the use we make of these discoveries determines whether our lives will be full of happiness and comfort or misery and suffering. Our discoveries along this line more than any other one thing determines the degree of our development. Our mechanical discoveries have determined what food we A bicycle is more efficient than walking, ev.e n though not as efficient as an auto. The valuable fact is tha t we are improving our methods. Our people are gaining experience; mechani·c al genius is encouraged. Our future city is planned in such a way as to make the greatest use of mechanical means of communication, distribution, transportation, the securing of both comfort and convenience, and in the creation of architectural art. Never before has such a thing been attempted and definitely planned throughout a whole city and nowhere could it be accomplished but in a co-operative community, such as is being established at Llano. From time to time we hope to keep our readers informed in regard to the developments in the mechanics of industry throughout the world and also about the development, and use of mechanical means which we now use in making life more beautiful to all who choose to work with us at Llano, and to those who make use of our experience in other places, and we hope it will prove interesting, for mechanical devices serve a much more noble purpose when used In the constructive work of making life easy, comfortable and beautiful, than when used for the destructive purposes of war. , �Page sixteen Arricvl Llano's S olution of the ~----------------------------------------------------------------~-------------- ·By Wesley rw HEN the lowlands are shrouded in shadows the beauti- siastic, and affirm that soorr Lhino will be supplied through ful Antelope Valley is basking in the warm sunshine. their labors with all their garden vegetables. The ocean mists are dispersed and lose their power Peas, being among the legumes, should grow on a desert - - - before the uplands are reached. December finds soil, as it produces nitrates in the nodules on its ' roots, which Llano reveling in the warm sunlight; not a cloud to mar th~ can be used as food by the plant. In theory this is right. beauty of our perfect days. But our experience in planting them on raw soils has not When other cities art taking their vegetables from a ho~ been a success. Through the light of this experience let us house, we are able to go to the field and select them. The theorize still farther. The physical condition of our soils housewives of Llano will be able to have lettuce, radishes, might be such as to hinder root development. This also can cabbage and many delicacies of the table the year around, be improved by cultivation. We must search for the time and which would be prohibitive to a majority in other communities the fundamental cause in the physiology of the plant itself. The seed of any plant contains proteids to a more or less In our climate the growing grocery bill has no terrors. We have water and land in abundance and the application of extent. The proteids are nitrogenous compounds. The drain labor to our land has brought forth abundantly of the good on the soil nitrogen does not take place to any great extent until the seeds are formed. To this rule we must add a notable things of life. Our gardens have supplied our wants, and experiments exception. In the leguminous plants the stems and leaves which have been and are carried out is sufficient evidence contain a great deal of protein. The leguminous plants, howupon which we can safely make the assertion that within a ever, produce very little nitrates in the nodules on their roots very short space of time we will be self-sustaining. Through until maturity is reached. An incident which came to mythe development of our agricultural resources we see a haven notice carries out this theory. " Alfalfa which had been planted on new soil grew about of refuge for many more from the struggle of Capitalism. By the application of scientific methods in the preparation three inches and stood there. It began to turn yellow and looked sickly, yet it lived but did not grow. I pulled some of our soils, we have achieved some astonishing results. Those things which were considered impossible by those who <lf the alfalfa and examined the roots. Nothing seemed wrong, farmed here for ,Years have by cocoperative management (the result of many minds working toward the same end) been overcome, and today the utterly impossible agriculture feats are positive actualities. Potato culture by the little individual farmers of the vicinity was impossible. They failed to perceive the fact that we have here a soil totally lacl(ing in humus, and as a consequence the nitrogen, phosphorical and potash elements are also low. ·The potato contains these elements in compounds. A soil lacking them will not grow potatoes. They relied upon empirical. rather than scientific knowledge. They saw the results of planting on raw soils. It had been tried and had failed. It was left to us to first feed the soil and then grow po,tatoes. This could be done in two ways. By the application of barnyard manure, which would in time supply the food .elements necessary, or plant some leguminous crop as a green fertilizer. The first method was clumsy and slow, being adopted to intensive rather than extensive soil rejuvenation. The element nitrogen contained in the organic matter of the manure has to pass through a period of decay in order to release the ammonia and nrtric acid, which are converted by nitrifying bacteria int..., nitrates which may be used for plant food. When immediate results must be attained, we then naturally turn to the only remaining alternative. Some of our old alfalfa fields acquired from the farmers formerly here were run out, and practically unfit for further use in producing hay. These were plowed under, and in this way we found a practical, quick, extensive, and easy solution of the problem of soil development. By planting in February we have demonstrared the fact that an early crop of potatoes of very good quality can be grown. A planting in July will proI duce a good crop in October. By a system of double cropping and crop roNo true idea of the plan of the City of Llano to be built on the tation, which would be necessary under heavy croppi'ng, we can grow an abun- city, can be given by any mere design. However, the cut shown here dant supply of potatoes of very good quality on a small tract of land. It will be seen that the streets radiate from a center. In this center A great number of other small vegetables could not, in the psychology of dustries, the amusements, schools, etc. Novel features which can not the small farmer, be grown. Peas were an utter failure until agriculturists, similar design. and the unique construction of houses gives it features brought to the notice of Llano people. Each home will have a small · with the aid of the boys, raised several hundred pounds on as many squ;ue and will give perfect privacy. yet with no waste of space. It is d feet of soil. This year a large field is being planted. The boys are all en.thu- greater privacy and beauty of surroundings than by any other plan . l' �Page seventee~~ re • Growing Grocery ·B I I I ornes----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~------~ but the root nodules - peculiar to legumes were absent. The mystery was solved later. At four to five inches in height the alfalfa began to bloom. After clipping the crop began to grow and several crops were harvested that year. We explained the im::ident in the fact that no nitrates had been formed in the roots and, as the soil contained none, no growth could take place until the period of maturity, when the nitrates, through the bacterial action, were produced. In Llano we had the same experience with beans. The plant made no growth until forced to bloom in order that reproduction might take place. The pea having, therefore, a greater protein content in its leaves than beans have, could not be successfully raised on our soils until the nitrogen content of the soil had been increased by the application of manure, which has -been proven beyond a doubt by the experiment carried out in our schools. Realizing the necessity of soil fertility, every particle of manure is hauled upon the land. In this way the plant foods are left on the soil instead of wasting in large rotten compound heaps around the barns, which is often the case on some farms. Alfalfa cropping is now considered one of the cheapest methods of enriching our soils. Hundreds of acres are and have been prepared for spring planting. Alfalfa means more slope of the San Gabriels about one mile from the present convey some idea. It is a sector drawn out in some detail. be clustered the administration building a nd cert~in silent in· here will make it much different from any other city of to those proposed for any other city that has been yard, will have a frontage on a city-maintained park. fo r the Llano plan that more persons can be housed with devised. stock, which means ·more meat, milk, and butter in the larder. A yea·r ago, where we now see hundreds of acres of young ·alfalfa was a barren waste capable of providing .only small crops. We are looking toward the future. Experiments which we have tried demonstrate to our satisfaction that other crops, such as cereals, may be grown successfully in this district. An experiment station has grown out of the demand for further experiments and tests along agricultural lines. The aim of this station will be to help make Llano self-sustaining by finding methods which will enable us to grow these things not yet grown. The flour problem will be the first attacked. Experiments will be tried using the dry and irrigation methods of growing wheat. We do not hope for a large yield per acre on raw soil. It is believed, however, that if proper methods of farming were used a yield of fifteen bushels per acre could be had. If these experiments materialize, at the present price of flour a yield of only ten bushels per acre would pay us well. The growing of wheat on fertilized soil has, however, been tried with very satisfactory results. A yield of about thirty bushels to the acre was harvested on a small tract. It is only · necessary to plow under alfalfa and incorporate in our soils the needed organic material and the problem is solved. Llano is a natural fruit country. Sloping gently to the north the beautiful valley lies like a great vista before us. The greatest slope is about three per cent gradually in the valley, to less than one-half of one per cent. A perfect system of drainage is the first requisite in growing fruit trees. The altitude is something over three thousand feet. The beautiful, clear, warm days of spring eliminate all danger of early frost. A deep mineral soil makes horticulture a pleasure and not a problem. Nowhere in the world is there more natural horticultural advantages. A deep soil means a well developed root system. The tree tries to equalize the development of root and top. As the root branches out and comes in contact with more plant food in the soil, it is able to support more top. The stems become hardier and are able to resist drought better, because the extended root system comes in contact with more ·soil moisture. Today, where hundreds of acres of young pear trees stand like young sentiruels in long straight rows, almost as far as the eye can reach, a year ago was a wilderness of greasewood and sage brush. These fields have been brushed, leveled and planted. Horticulturist Comrade Dawson realizes the importance and possibilities of fruit cuhure here and is planning to extend his work to greater fields. The experience in raising different kinds of fruits has been more than satisfactory. Apples grow and produce abundantly, the mineral elements of the soil imparting a color and flavor unbeatable. The quality make~ the fruit of this section especially sought in the markets. The luscious fruit of the red raspberry, blackberry, dewberry and strawber.ry are a few of the experiments in this department which have proven a wonderful success. Acres of alfalfa, fruits and garden growing upon a desert soil. Each new step must be taken with caution. Each new idea must be carefully tried before using. Ignorant of the productive power of our soils, we must necessarily work for a time in the dark. The results achieved have been remarkable. We stand today upon a firm foundation. Every necessity and even luxury can be had through scientific handling of our soils, and this can be accomplished by a united people working side by side for the same ideal. With the inspiration of Socialism bdor~ us, we have shown the world a true co-opera~ tive farm in action. �Page eighteen Fictioo The H0 p e B0 X MILY PAGE rapped 5oftly. She had almost forgotten her promise to Bob, and as she stood at the door, she wondered just what she would say first. There - --· was no response as she pushed the door open. "Oh! please excuse me, Miss Best," she exclaimed. "I had no idea that you were busy." ''I'm not busy, but I didn't hear anyone at the door. I'm just playing," Phoebe Best answered, "so please come in. ~ was just pressing these two little guest towels. I love them, don't you?" _ She carefully pressed the last fold in the second piece of linen and held both up for Emily's inspection. The toweling was fine and satiny and the ends of each towel were .finished with exquisite tatted edging. "Did you do all that work yourself?" Emily asked after a careful scrutiny of the towels. "Oh! yes," Phoebe answered shyly, a little embarassed by the praise her caller's tone implied. "I enjoy it -;;:- but my work isn't nearly so nice as my sister's. I've some things she did for me. Would you like to see them?" "Indeed I should!" Emily felt that she was a long ways from the subject she had come to discuss, but there would be plenty of time for that, and even if she didn't have time for it herself. she admired pretty neddlework, and very soon she would have to be buying some for herself. The thought brought a happy little smile to her eyes. Phoebe went over to her trunk and after carefully unlocking it and much tugging and lifting she carried the second tray over close to the light. Emily gave a gasp of surprise. She had expected to see perhaps a half dozen· pieces of fancy work, but here in neat array was a whole trunk tray simply loaded with linen! But Phoebe was too intent on her task to notice her visitor's amazement. She picked up a pile of towels. "There are some I did myself, the very first, so they are not extra pretty, but they will do to wipe faces on, don't you think?" She glanced up with a bright little smile. "Oh! here are the ones Mary made for me. She does such pretty crochetting. I've never learned, I guess I'm stupid, but we used to trade work. I'd tat for her and she did these for me." Phoebe patted the towels affectionately, and put them on a chair beside her. Emily felt that she herself was a long, long way from the errand that had prompted her call, but how should she begin when this radiant faced little creature insisted on displaying her entire store of linens. Not that Emily didn't enjoy it. She did, immensely, only she wished she knew how to begin what she wished to say. "I really haven't such a lot," Phoebe continued. "You see these four table cloths take up a good deal of room, and a trunk tray doesn't hold such a big lot, after all. But sometime I'm going to get more linen sh_!!ets. I do like the feel of them, don't you? They are so cool and clean!" Suddenly Emily leaned forward and -reaching her hand across the white heap in her lap, she caught Phoebe's. "This looks mighty suspicious, Miss Best. You don't mean that you left a perfectly good man at home, and came up here to work in the office!" Phoebe's pretty face Hushed, but her eyes danced merrily. "Oh, gracious no! There isn't anyone like that, at least not yet. But I'm sure, mpst girls, deep down in their hearts are looking forward to the time when they will have their own -1 IE The Western Comrade By Helen Frances Easley little homes, and while I can't say exactly that I'm getting really ready, I've always thought that if that happy time came to me, I'd like to have some pretty things of my own, and I kner." that if I didn't get them along slowly, I'd never have them, for I wouldn't have money enough at once, or even if I saved a year, to get all the things I would want." Her voice trailed off wistfully. After all, the girl across from her was onlY' an acquaintance of a month and such a confidence might bore her. ' To be sure 'Emily's grasp had relaxed, but reflected in her own eyes was the same wistful expressiGn of Phoebe's. "Of course I understand," she said gently, and then quickly putting the towels back in place, she rose quickly. "Really, I must be running back, I only came in for a minute--" "Oh, I'm sorry if I've kept you from anything," Phoebe broke in, "I was so glad to see you. I wish you would come in oftener. I wish you could stay now, but I hope that I haven't detained you." "Not at all," Emily assured her, "but I must hurry now, I'll see you in the morning." There was something breathless about her manner. It puzzled Phoebe for a moment, but as she put away her "hope box," it slipped her mind. However, she would have been more perplexed if she could have seen her caller. Emily ran down the hall, and closed the door a5 though she were being pursued by furies. Once in her own room she dropped into a chair. "Why-why-," she gasped, "she's one of the sweetest girls I ever knew, but I didn't suppose she would be like that!" Whatever "that" stood for, Emily didn't say, but she continued to speak incoherently. "Bob will call me silly, I guess, and we all could have such good times together, but I didn't think she was like that. I just can't take the responsibility. I guess I am silly, but I couldn't ask her!" For a long time she sat there thinking vague thoughts, long after Phoebe, four rooms down the hall, the innocent cause of it all had gone to sleep. Emily wondered what excuse she would give to Bob, and what he would think of It all. She thought a good deal about Phoebe, too. They all liked her at the office. She was so sweet and obliging, and in her month's stay, they had found her a most welcome addition. The force of the Parks' Advertising Agency was vet)' congenial. It was not comprised of many people, but all were capable and big hearted, and while there was a great deal of work to be done, there was time for a certain amount of friendliness. They were all proud of the Agency, which was young, and every bit of new business was a boost, if properly taken care of, and each seemed to feel that it was an especially assigned task to look after it. Perhaps this mutual feeling of enthusiastic interest and ambition helped the cordial feeling that existed at the office. Finally what seemed a gigantic piece of good luck had come. It was by far the biggest piece of business that had ever been offered to them. The exploitation of a new food-stuff had been given exclusively to the Parks' Advertising Agency, and was being put out by a well known company whose funds guaranteed prompt payment for work done for them. Mr. Parks, the manager, had called the entire force together, and the congratulations that greeted his announcement was �The Western Comrade Fiction Page nineteen assurance enough that each and every one would .work heartily no one else was present-Bob called out happily. "Party all and willingly. But no matter how enthusiastic they might be, fixed?" it was physically possible for them to do only so much work, Emily shook her head mutely. and Mr. Parks was well aware of it. He valued his emplQyees "Oh, didn't you get to see Miss Best?" too highly to ask them to overdo, and he realizea that this new Emily nodded this time. campaign would mean a vast amount of extra work. Already "Yes, I saw her, Bob." She was silent a moment, then Bob Bruce and Russel Stevens, the two copy men, were al~ost spoke vehemently. • ' to their limit. Bob stayed in the office, but Russel looked "I don't know how to tell you, Bob, you wouldn't underafter the out of town work, often being absent .a week, so it stand, but I just couldn't ask her. She has a regular hope was plain that their present work would not allow them much box, and she expects to get married." time for anything new. "Oh! Engaged! " Bob looked interested. "No, not engaged. It's hard to explain, but she has all The campaign, as outlined, would include a number of cooking contests, with prizes given for novel and attractive uses those pretty things, and she expects to meet a man some time, of the new product. Also a good many newspaper stories a man whom she'll marry." Bob's expression was one of absolute incredulitY. would be needed, articles that would interest the women "But I don't get you, Emmy. That doesn't seem a very readers. Some one suggested getting a girl, possibly a graduate in lucid reason, pardon me, dear, for not asking her. I'm not domestic science, but Mr. Parks was afraid the salary would at all surprised that she expects to be married some day. A not be sufficiently large to attract such a person. However he girl with her charm could hardly expect to escape, and anywrote to the head of the domestic science department of one way it's perfectly natural for everybody to expect to get married some day. So I don't see why you should have let that o~ the Normal schools, stating the whole case, and asking adstand in your way of asking her." vtce. Emily watched the street resignedly. The answer came quite promptly. Miss Brandt wrote that "I knew you wouldn't understand. But, Bob, you didn't at that time of the year she had no student she could send, and as far as she knew all her graduates were teaching. But . see her when she showed me those towels and things, and she could put them in touch with a very capable young woman, you didn't hear when she spoke of them. And it just seemed one who had nearly finished the course in domestic science to me that it would be wicked, positively wicked, to ask her the year before, but had been called home on account of the to go with Russel-- " Bob interrupted her with a shameless, uproarious laugh. illness of her mother. She had not been able to return to "Oh! Emmy girl, I'm beginning to see light. You're afraid school, but her mother was now quite recovered, and the department had only a few days before received a letter from this young and unsuspecting maiden will be too greatly imthe ex-student, asking if there wert; any positions open that she pressed by our gallant Russ-" The thought was too mirth-provoking for Bob to finish his remark. mi~ht apply for. Of. course none of them had thought of the "Well, I don't care, Russel Stevens IS nice. I've always possibility of such a place as the Agency offered, and it might be that Miss Best would consider the position, for which they thought he was about the nicest man I'd ever met, excepting you." heartily recommended her. The laughter died immediately. So it was that Phoebe had come among them, a happy "Oh! Emmy girl, what makes you say such nice things in hearted, sunny haired little person, who kept up the precedent this office, where we are likely to be favored by an audience of the Agency for cheerful diligence, and before she had been at any minute·?" There was an inexpressibly tender tone in with them a week Mr. Parks told the rest that she was a jewel. the man's voice. To Phoebe's way of thinking, she had a great deal to be "But, honestly, honey," he went on, "I think you are wrong. happy for. Her mother was well again, well enough to go to Just because a girl may have some things for the home she Mary, and then when she was despairing of finding anything may some day have, it's no sign that she is going to fall in to do this splendid position had found her! How could she love with every man that admires her. And I'm sure Russ be anything but cheerful and eager to do her very best? does admire her. He himself planned this party just before And yet as Emily sat thinking of her, she kept reiterating, he left, a week ago, you know, only he didn't have time to "I didn't think she was like that!" Indeed it was her last ask her himself, so he left it to us. Why, the four of us could thought before she went to sleep, and the first in the morning. have the jolliest time together." She thought of it all the way down town. "But it doesn't seem quite fair, Bob. There is Edith Stuart, As bookkeeper for the Agency, she was a busy, alert young you know. Almost everybody thinks she and Russel Stevens woman. She was generally the first one at the office, and Bob are engaged. He goes around with her more than any one ·'Bruce, second. The rest of the force often asked jf it was else. I suppose she is lovely; a girl with all her money and the work that caused Bob's promptness. But he and Emily advantages ought to be." Bob's face sobered. were sensible young people and took all the chafing in good "Well, I hadn't thought of her; but, truly, I think they are part. They saw no particular reason for keeping their engagement secret, and for that matter, the..ofice had surmised just good friends. I'll admit I don't know much about it, but the truth even before it was announced. They were good com- I'm sure we needn't worry about that. So, will you ask her, or rades, and didn't mind having it known, and working together shall I?" Emily laughed. It was a nervous little laugh, to be sure, but had only heightened the charm. But this morning Emily was not exceedingly anxious to see it was better than none. "Perhaps that would be better," she replied; "and anyway Bob. She didn't know how she was going to explain to him, but a very few minutes after she reached the office she hea'rd it gives me a chance to wash my hands of the whole matter, a well-known step in the hall. The door opened and then- - Heartbreaker! " So Bob did the asking instead of Emily, and Phoebe con"Mornin', Emmy girl"- it was generally "Emmy girl" when �Page twenty Fiction sented happily. She hadn't dared admit even to herself how lonely she had been, but now that the spell seemed about to be broken, it came over her suddenly how much she had wanted to go about as the other young people of the <>ffice did: The little party was a grand success. Even Emily had to admit it. They had gone first to ah extremely good vaudeville performance, and afterWards to a quiet little cafe for supper. It was an event for Phoebe. Her enjoyment was so infectious that it would have enlivened even the dullest party, and as it was the other three young people, accustomed to the jolliest of good times, always remembered it as one of the pleasantest they had ever experienced. And it proved to be the first of many that followed. . "I like that little Miss Best immensely. A fellow can't help , but admire her, Bob," Russel confided to his friend. "I hope we can all go out together often. It would be something mighty nice to look forward to when fm out on the road." Bob glanced quickly at his companion. His remark didn't sound as if he were in love with Miss Stuart. However, he said nothing of it to Emily, although he did tell her that Russ said he hoped they could get together often. And while Emily ..--told Bob that Miss Best had assured her that she had had a delightful time, she did not tell him of the ecstatic glow on Phoebe's face as she had said it was one of the very best sort of times she had ever had. For a reason she could not explain even to herself, she felt an unaccountable secrecy as to Phoebe's appreciation of the evening. Nor could she get away from the fear that it might end in a heartache for Phoebe. She could not help but feel that Russel's regard for Miss Stuart was more than friendship, but she said nothing of it to Bob. If she had, he might have told her what Russel had said about something to look forward to, and, in a way, allayed her fears. But Emily did not allow her qualms to stand in the way of any of their good times; in fact, after they had been out together several times she began to think that she had been altogether wrong in her first idea. It was quite evident that Russel Stevens admired Phoebe Best and enjoyed taking her about, and while her attitude toward him was the frendliest imaginable, even the vigilant Emily could not detect a hint of a deeper regard. Indeed, Emily was a little ashamed that she had even thought that Phoebe might not be able to be "just friends" with a man, on account of that little hope box. Bob had a perfect right to call her "silly," But Phoebe, in her own heart, did not realize how much Russel Stevens' friendship for her counted. She accepted it as one of the very good things which had lately come to her, was deeply grateful for it, but had not once analyzed what it meant to her. With the incredible quickness that such things are learned, Phoebe ·had heard of Edith Stuart, but the rumor was so vague that Phoebe saw no reason for letting it spoil a very pleasant friendship, for she honestly believed it to be nothinR more. Of course, if Mr. Stevens were engaged to the lovely Miss Stuart-she had been pointed out to Phoebe, and Phoebe used the adjective in all sincerity- he ~ouldn't care to be going about with any other girl. She did not even ask Emily about it, and it was one subject that Emily herself carefully avoided. One morning Phoebe found a letter on her desk, addressed in an unfamiliar hand. It was from Russel, and he was' asking her to please let him call on Thursday evening of the next week. He was very anxious to see her, and was writing her because he was afraid she might make another engagement for the evening! Phoebe'~ face flushed hotly ; a thousand little triphammers The Western Comrad·e seemed beating in her veins. What could he mean? If he wanted· to see her so much that he would write to her, why surely, surely-- Her heart and not her mind answr.red, and suddenly she hid her face in her hands as if to hide from the walls and the furniture the happiness her eyes were proclai91ing. Next Thursday! That was five days away. Five days to wonder. And yet she didn't want to wonder. Suppose she wondered wrong! She· went about her work feverishly, and there was a suppressed excitement about her that Emily noticed and could not fathom, a sort of an exaltation, a vivacity that In a way was new to Phoebe. ' With almost childish interest, Phoebe found herself crossing off the days. Wednesday, as she left the office, she thought to herself, "Only one day more." She hurried to the elevator, rode to the first floor, passed through the extrance hall to the door, and there stopped, transfixed by what she saw. At the edge of the sidewalk, just opposite the door, stood a limousine, and in it Edith Stuart, lovelier than Phoebe had ever seen her, whi"le holding the door open was Russel Stevens, traveling bag in hand. Evidently he had just come in and Miss Stuart had met him at the depot and had brought him up town. He had turned and, catching sight of Phoebe, took off his hat, bowed and resumed the conversation. Phoebe moved on as one in a dream, her mind a curious, incoherent jumble, but again and again occurred the tj10ught that this was Wednesday and Russel was in town. She had not given the matter any real consideration, but she had supposed that he meant to see her as soon as he came in. But, instead, he had only bowed to her, a distant, coolly polite greeting. Could he have forgotten the way he had written to her? Emily pushed the door open quickly, and fortunately the light in the room was too dim for her to see the white, set look on Phoebe's face. "Oh! Phoebe, dear," she said, excitedly, "will you go with me to see 'Madam Butterfly' this evening? It was Bob's time to have the complimentary tickets, but he has to write up the new show at the Radcliff to-night, so he told me to ask you. And parquet seats at that! Phoebe, think of the class!" And Emily caught the little figure up in her arms and danced around gaily from bed to door and back again. "Let's hurry down and eat dinner, and then dress, for we want to doll up as much as we can," and she released her partner long enough to make a little curtsey. There was no refusing her, and indeed Phoebe grasped at the chance of a diversion, anything that would make her forget Phoebe Best. Emily decided what she would wear. "You look so lovely in your new suit and that beautiful lace waist that is low in the neck, and please fix your hair low on your forehead and two big coils at the back. I love it that way." They were indeed a pretty pair, and, while they were strangers to those seated near them, there were a good many admiring glances in their direction. Suddenly there were excited whispers behind them, comments they couldn't help hearing. "Oh! see; there in the lower right-hand box; yes, the third. There is that lovely Edith Stuart and her parents. Well, well! and young Stevens! I suppose that amounts to an announce-ment!" Instinctively Emily's and Phoebe's eyes also sought the box designated, and there indeed was Russel Stevens, in company with the Stuart family. Russel handsome in evening clothes, and Edith beautiful in a most exquisite gown. They were just enterin~. and the voices behind went on with their commenb. �The Western Comrade Fictioa "Awfully fine young fellow; no money, but ambitious and very goad family. No, I don't know who the other is"just then another young man, evidently a guest also, seated himself-" a friend of the family, I suppose . .. Nothing worldly in their plans for ·Edith, and she could have married m~ney. Of course, her grandfather's will leaves her amply provided for; her fortune almost equals her father's. But you wouldn't call Russel Stevens mercenary; he wouldn't marry her H he wasn't head over heels in love with her-he's not that sort--" The voices drooned on, but were drowned to an indistinct murmur by the overture, but no music, however loud, could drown the thoughts in the two girls' minds. Emily was furious. After all she had been right and Bob wrong, and just before the curtain went up and the lights off she had hael time to see the strained look in Phoebe's eyes. After all, Phoebe did care! Oh! if only they hadn't come, at least she might have been spared that. Everything was going wrong! But she dared make no sign that she knew, or offer one atom of sympathy. As for Phoebe herself, she had met Russel's eyes in that one glance, and his had leaped to hers, eager and happy, but after the barest nod she had looked away, and not once again during the evening did she turn her head in his direction. Now she was sure she knew, he meant to tell her of his engagement. He considered her a good enough friend to be among the first lo be t?ld. How foolish she had been to let any other thoughts creep m. But why, why, did the opera have to he "Madam ButterHly," with its haunting, heart-rending music? Phoebe tried to be philosophical, and persuade herself that it was providential, to remind her that there were other heartaches than her own, for ..she could not deny that it was a heartache to her. But such reasoning brought little comfort. She had allowed herself to dream, and it was hard to give up. Finally the curtain went down at the end of the last act, and the lights flared up to reveal tear-stained faces. Phoebe was mopping frantically at her eyes, as she smiled apologetically at Emily, and Emily's eyes were also red. "Really, I couldn't help it," both announced at once.· The people left the theatre slowly, the aisles were crowded, but at last they reached the foyea-, and Phoebe glanced up to look directly into the eyes of Russel Stevens! "Good evening," he smiled, "This may not be according to the etiquette book, but if you don't mind, I'm going to take you home!" Emily gasped, and Phoebe appeared to be stricken dumb, but the young man seemed te think that they had not recove'red from the effects of the opera. He hailed a taxi, and they rode home in comparative silence, but as he helped the:n out, at the house, he asked Phoebe if he might see her a little while. ''I'll send her up in a moment or two, Emily, but this is important," and without an answer Emily fled· into the house. "The crazy man," she said to herself. "I wonder what he meam? I wonder if Phoebe will tell me." When they were alone Russel turned to the little person beside him. "Did you get my note, Phoebe?" he asked. It was the first time he had ever called her by her first name. "Yes," she answered faintly. "I didn't think I would be lucky enough to get to talk with you to-night, but when I saw you at the theatre I couldn't wait until to-mprrow night, so I explained to the folks and they ex- Page twealy-o,Jie cused me. Honestly, Phoebe, there were just two things I wanted to do this whole evening. One was to punch .that American Officer's face, and the other was to be sitting down there by you! I'd have given almost anything to have asked Emily to change places with ·me! It seemed that that was the place that belonged to me! I want it to always be my very own place, little girl ! " Phoebe turned her face up wonderingly. This didn't sound as if he were engaged to another gi'rl. "You mean--" "I ~ean that I want you to love me, as I love you, to be my Wife some day. Why, Phoebe, sweetest, I've been crazy about you from the very first, but an idiotic little promise kept me from telling you." · "Yes?" queried Phoebe softly, with something like a sob in her throat, and evidently Russel thought the little word answered all questions; and indeed it did, for Phoebe offered no resistance as Russel caught her close in his arms, and held her as if he would never let her go. "You see, it was like this," he went on, after a happy little silence, "Edith Stuart has been engaged to Fred Parker for some time, and he was the other man in the party tonight. He has been away for nearly a year, but before he left, a lot of people who knew them well, suspected, and as they wanted to keep it a secret, we decided that I'd show Edith a lot of attention. I don't know WHY people want to keep engagements . secret, do you, little girl? I'm just that happy I want every one to know it," he laughed boyishly. "But I guess everyone doesn't think as we do. And I didn't mind it a bit, that is at first. Edith and I have been good friends since we were little kids in school. But when I met you, I could hardly wait for Edith to announce her engagement. I even told her why, and she wished me 'Good luck.' Fred came back yesterday; the party tonight was in his honor. It has been planned for nearly a month, and that's why I knew I could tell you on Thursday. See? The announcement Gards were mailed tonight, and it will be in the papers tomorrow. Lot of silliness, I think, but that's the way they wanted to do it.'' Phoebe laughed happily just from p~re joy, as she patted the big hand that held one of hers. "And I wanted to go home with you this afternoon when you left the office," -"Oh! the dearness of him to be explaining everything that seemed wrong," Phoebe thought"but Edith was in the midst of a long story of her plans, and then I had to make a report at the office, so . I was sure I couldn't see you until tomorrow, or is it today, Phoebe? I do believe it's Thursday morning! I must let you go upstairs,. and I must go home, for I've got to take the five o'clock train for Clinton, but I'll be back on the evening train and out here right after dinner. Tell me 'Good night,' a really-for-sure · 'Good night,' Sweethea;rt." It was a radiant Phoebe that softly entered the house. As she came to ·Emily's door she saw the light through the transom. Emily was still up. "Oh! I must tell her," Phoebe whispered to herself, "I must tell someone, or my heart will burst." She opened the door a tiny ways, and putting her lips to the crack called softly. "Emily." "Ye,(""You know my hope box and all--" Phoebe's voice quavered a little over the "all.'' "Yes, honey. Why?" "Well, I'm going to use it, Emily. It's Russel." �Page lwehly-two ill £ducatiod A Talk About Babies is without apology that I present my topic~ We have talked about chickens and cows and pigs and rabbits and tractors and airships and limekilns and alfalfa and we have all been interested and have acknowledged the importance of these things_ Now it is my turn ·to talk, and I choose babies, or rather, a baby. A nine months old baby with wonderfully intelligent blue eyes; straight, well-poised little back and head, and a definite hand grasp. A beautiful, good natured, perfectly healthy · baby, Olga Maria Webster. The point of my story is to show that the intelligence _in the eye is a result of systematic response on the part of the parents to the growing needs of this child and the remarkable· graceful carriage of the little head and back gives evidence of the fact that the child's muscular development" has also been intelligently assisted. To refer again to the eyes which make such a striking impression when you meet Olga Maria ; it is not alone the_color nor the shining clear beauty of the ordinary baby's eye. It is rather a steady, calm gaze directed where she wishes and for as long a period as she wills. Today, for example, a large green ring worn by a visitor attracted Olga's attention. She reached for it, not with the usual groping motions of a child of her age, but so definitely and easily that she took the lady's hand and examined the ring thoroughly, making no attempt to put the attractive new toy in her mouth. This was done several times, thus removing ~II doubt as to whether this clean cut grasp was a happy accident or the logical result of her muscular training. Olga·Maria· Webster very .fortunately fell into the home of parents who believe with Dr. Montessori "that we should not consider babies from the physical viewpoint as little men, but remember that they have characteristics and proportions that are entirely special to their own age and stage of development." Mt's. Webster has followed very precisely the rules of health and hygiene set forth by Dr. L. Emmet Holt in a small book called "The Care and Feeding of Children." Aside from careful feeding and bathing and plenty of rest from any attention at all, Olga has been allowed to kick and play on her back in naked freedom for at least twenty minutes before being dressed in the morning and before going to bed at night. During this play . time she has been encouraged and stimulated by the many playful tricks that parents use as naturally as children play. Placing a slight pressure against the feet, allowing the child to cling to the adult fingers while the little body is lifted from. the bed by that mysterious inner force; rocking the baby gently from one side of the bed to the other and many other natural exercises. These responses were made with extreme gentleness and Cltfe that the tender little muscles were not strained or overtaxed. This sort of parental play is in perfect accord with Froebel's Idea that education consists in giving an intelligent response to the child's instinctive movements. He wrote these responses out in little plays. In fact, never has so great a philosophy of Mother and Child been written as Froebel's "Mother Play." In his first play he says; "Watch a mother's answering play as her happy baby kicks; she will brace her hands to please him or in loving sort she'll tease him with her playful tricks." In each succeeding play he· taught mothers to make the indefinite baby act definite by offering resistance, slight at first, The By Prudence s. Western Comrade Brown but gradually increasing with the increasing ability of the child to overcome resistance. He said: "It is the destiny of man to become co~cious of the divine essence within• him and to reveal this in I in self determination and freedom." The Webster pa ents· are nurturing this inner demand for expression by a p ayful response to Olga's natural activities. Dr. Montessori, like Froebel, cherishes that "sacred flame," that inner life, and says that her method ·" is a defence and fortification of the inner life." She says: "The tendency of the child to stretch out on his back and kick his legs in the air is an expression of physical needs related to the proportions of his body." Olga was given this exercise, as we said before, twice each day and at two months she began to lift her back into a bow and leap across the bed. At four months she would hang head down with great delight, her mother holding her by the ankles. Beginning as early as two months the parents had encouraged her to cling to a half inch rod with her hands and at four months she would hang her full weight by her hands on this rod. Just how much Mr. and Mrs. Webster have studied Froebel and Montessori I do not know, but whether they have ever studied or not, I do know that they have used just the method and employed the means given by both of these ~reat genius educators. One very tactful toy given Olga Maria is a large, firm rubber ball hung from a bar that stretches from the head to the foot of the bed upon which Olga plays. This has stimulated the little muscles just enough to incite a playful response. This ball was given to. her when she was two months old and has been a daily plaything. She now, at nine months, consciously pushes the ball with her feet to her Father or Mother when they swing it toward her. Froebel's worsted balls of the six primary colors, one inch and a half in diameter, were also hung on this rod. The device used by Mr. Webster was to slide the large ball away and replace it with the small balls. These small balls incite the ambidextrous use of the hands and arms and strengthen the back muscles. At eight months Olga played ball; that is, she would return a ball thrown by her Mother with a definite overhand throw. The pendulum play given by Dr. Montessori in her chapter on Muscular Education is now one of Olga's favorite games. This consists of a ball suited to the size of the child's hands hung by a cord attached to the bar. The child seated comfortably catches the ball as it swings toward her and she returns it by pulling it and letting go, or by striking it back. This exercise is especially good for the arms and the · spinal column and is an exercise in which the eye guages the distance of bodies in motion and is as adaptable to the wee child who cannot yet walk as to the child from two to six years of age. At five months Olga began to sing; not a tune, but a distinct singing tone-Mrs. Webster had sung to her each day while bathing and dressing her. She now sings about four distinct tones. About the same time Mrs. Webster began throwing the spectrum colors on the bed or anywhere near Olga Maria and she would try to catch them or seemed to wonder why she could not. At six months the baby would sway her body in perfect time to the Hiawatha two step. At eight months she would run her (Continued on Page 26) . �The Western Comrade l!J Womea's Department Montessori--the woman Page twenty-three By Frank E. Wolfe 0 have achieved the highest ambition one co~ld wish; from the fabric, her face would light up with ineffable tento have diiven forward to a goal so beautiful that it derness, as if she had smoothed out the last wrinkle from all is beyond vision, and yet to have retained the delight~ the pillows of pain of all the children of the world, and the talk' ful simplicity of manner and expression that one would take a quick turn to the great benefits to come to the sometimes sees in an unspoiled, natural child, is to have con~ happy dwellers in the magic dream city. quered the world and its works. That this v.ictory has been Montessori has an intense social passion. Her whole system gained by a modern educator is my conclusion after an hour of education rests upon better conditions for the people. with one of the most remarkable women of the age : Maria . Social betterment, sanitation, hygienics, improved environment, destruction of fear for the future welfare of the child-all this Montessori. That she has reached an ultimate or solved a problem, no enters into these wonderful plans, but, if one 'must say it, one will claim. Montessori simply makes straight the way she fell disappointingly short at the climax. She did not go for an educational system that ultimately will sweep aside the into the economic side of her plan; she just qui~ where a old method. She has made her demonstration by use of the dozen words would have bridged us across. That this was, most wonderfui, most beautiful, and most plastic thing in the of course, simply a betterment, a small social conquest, and not a finality; that the great victory for humankind would universe: the mind of the young child. "Dotoressa will be here presently," was the siinple announce- only come with the abolition of exploitation; that the "City ment of one of the disciples, and the soft intonation of the word showed the devotion back of it. When Dr. Montessori came into the room, she swept a swift glance that covered each stranger, then as quickly returned and classified us. It was all impersonal yet unmistakable. She was keenly conscious of the presence of strangers, but her poise held her through the rather awkward pause that followed our presentation. In a low seat, surrounded by a circle of absorbed listeners, a low broad table before her, she once more took the situation into her capable hands. She spoke slowly and simply at first, then as her subjects SPORTS are not neglected in Llano. Each year a baseball team is formed . Last year the Llano boys possessed her the clear ring ot showed such ·prowess that they became valley champions and could find none to play against them. There her voice expressed eloquentare also football teams, basketball teams, etc., in the seasons when these sports are so popular. ly the intellectual and nervous force which is the great part of her powers. In appearance the Dotoressa fills one's ideals of a beautiful of the Sun" would then be for all, and poverty, and with it, Italian woman of noble character. Her complexion is won- sickness and crime, would be no more-there is where this derful and ihe heightening color that came to her face in the beloved Dotoressa failed us. exuberance of her talk, accentuated her rare beauty. Her Of course we are insatiable, and after all we are not, eyes set well apart, are luminous and expressive of her quick through her, seeking surcease for the sorrows of the oppressed. emotions. Watching her as she sat dressed in something soft She is doing her work and doing it well. It was only when and dark, her wealth of shadowy hair framing her face, her she came to the reformer part that she was at all disappointing. It is in her educational work that she has won her great hands moving swiftly among the papers, maps, and pictures before her, one lost the sense of the presence of all others renown and her model city is but a diversion. But it is not and surroundings. She talked rapidly in rather sharply punc- purposeless. Her every action and motive is always worthy. tuated periods. Every sentence carried thought and purpose. The "City of the Sun" was worked out remarkably well by the At the time when her explanation of her "City of the Sun" Spanish architect who had made the drawings. The explana-for that was her theme-touched upon · the lives of the tion was doubly interesting because of the way in which Dr. children, her voice took on a softened tone, her expressive Montessori handled the most minute and complex detaJ1&. hands would clasp, and one could see the great mother heart Such a city would be a remarkable improvement over the well up in lo.ve for the childhood of the world. Then she hideous hodge-podge of the planless modem city. The plan& would smooth out a delicate little smoke colored handker- embrace at once economy, utility, and beauty. chief on her knee and, having removed every little wrinkle (Continued on Page 26) I �Pa;e lwmty-f.,ur the The Hope of Llano OCl ByDr. Johu Dequer FE has its mysteries, its unsolved problems, and its The Socialist does not repudiate the old simply bee u infinite possibilities. Upon our wise solution of these is old. Neither does he allow age to hallow lie. A i problems depends our individual and collective happi- weed he must exterminate, no matter how deeply tbe ~ rid - - ness. We who make up the warp and woof of civiliz- may be devoted to its name. ' ation find that our problems are, In a sense, twofold: indiThe lies, follies, and mistakes sanctified by the tupidity of vidual and collective. past ages often c-ome to us out of tbe competitive jungle. Our individual problems are chiefly those questions of how They are the dehn's that encumbers tbe soil of our progress; we may harmonize our lives with the Social Whole. Our men and women from whom the creed and educational lopsocial problems center around the forces of production and sideness has not yet been removed. When they come, for distribution. Between these two .aspects of life-our individual time they are blinded by the mass and dirt of competition. will and the needs of our social life-lies the great problem Soon, however, their vision clears and they catch glimp es of the world that is to be. Some there are who ever hate to have of liberty. Liberty is the most fragrant flower of life. It is the blossom the parasitic growths of the world's me:o:tal childhood removed of human existence. It is the flower that we must collectively from their brains. They are afflicted with an intellectual cultivate, a blossom that we must individually train. Mankind photophobia. They would rather leave the field than face the in collection is moved by necessity. Need is the husbandman light. These, however, are few. They seem to fear that they of progress. might be stripped mentally nude, and their spiritual malforma· Socialism recognizes the moulding force of the economic tion be exposed to the world. . urge. Socialism is the culture of human existence. It deals Llano seeks not only the hand bJt the heart of man. We with and e::wptains the forces that mould remove the mark and set the man free. and make institutions; also the eleWe will be fought even by those ments that work for decay and death. whom we seek to save. We are be· We who endeavor to collect maning fought by those who sought our E NEED faith. Faith in ourkind for the final battle of construchelp. It is but natural that it should selves; faith in our fellowtion, we at Llano who seek for buildbe so. A sleeping world hates the man; faith in the land we work. ers of the fair city of our dreams. social alarm clock. Ages of slavery But above all we need faith in the have learned more than books could have hallowed every fetter and sanc· ideal that moves us into collective tell of what capitalism has done to the tified every chain. souls of men and women. We have action. For faith gives rise to courW e h a v e been boss bound, job learned what is the result of isolation bound, creed bound, bible bound ~o age, and courage is needed in our and competition upon the minds and long that many of us hate to be unstruggle with Capitalism outside and hearts of many of our race. We are bound. Llano wakes the dreamer a nd development within. forced to realize what a brambly wilfrees the captive, if he will it so. Faith, confidence, determination, derness of superstition, suspicion, and The greatest service we can render are the essentials of success. ignorance is that jungle of selfishness is to our fellow man. The grea test decalled Modern Civilization. We revotion we can show is to the weak. alize how hard it is to harmonize the The religion of Socialism is tho doing chaos of conflicting opinions and weld of deeds of love. them together into a glowing bond of mutual sympathy. We must band together to produce the needs of life for all. If as Socialists our position is correct, if indeed in our We must carry the aged and the ill. Age will come to all: philosophy lies the seed that will make the world beautiful, sickness may call at any time. We must care for the weak, then it i our duty to sow and to cultivate that seed and the young and the unfortunate. Hence the strong must toil, show its fruitage to those who dwell in the competitive wil- their labor lighted by the sunshine of reason. We must dederness. And we must be able to prove that fruit of our velop in our breast the milk of human kindness. We need vineyard to be more attractive than the fruit of competition. (and we are developing it) faith. Faith in ourselves; faith It is true that we get a worn and depleted soil from the com- in our fellow man; faith in the land we work, but above all, petiti e world. We get misnourished and misformed men and faith in the ideal that moves us into collective action. women, both in body and mind. Our material with which to Then there is hope. Were it not for hope the world would tart is crude in every sense of the word. It will need labor, perish. Hope is the great sustainer and he who robs his fellow and I bor, and still more labor. It will need patience, and man of hope is a thief indeed. patience, and still more patience. It will need love and charity. And last of all, but not least, we need charity. The man But with these forces we can dissolve the crudeness and hard- from Texas works differently &om the man from Dakota. The ne and prepare a land where a love-born race may dwell man from ew York does differently from the man from Wath• with minds attuned to the social needs of all and with hearts ington. Capitalism has kept us isolated. We are strangers aRame with the fire of sympathy. to each others' ways. Uano brillg$ us all together. Often "alism is a philosophy of life. It is not concerned with we cannot see each other's view point for a time. Hence we d th. It enl~ the mind; it does not bind the soul. Its need charity. bi i the univem:, its psalm tbe sial's, its books the mounAnd so in conclusion let me say that we have the physical tain and seas. its prophets e ery man who has found and resources; we have the loyal, idealistic men and women who dem mated a fact. The den of lightning, sunshine. and live and teach tbe faith. hope and charity ea;ential to the sac-nn all I him t he · ht do if he worbd wilh, instead cess of tlie greatest movement ever pat into action the United States for the common people. of a imt, his Wlo an. r W m �The Western !T Comrade A :t The Socialist City HE effect of Socialist institutions on industrialism is s~ fundamental that it is hard to speak of the i!ldustnal SIDE of the model city_ The Socialist City IS - -- the industrial city. Active and useful employment is a condition of life in such a community. Some of the activities may be merely contribut()ry to the well-being of the workers -art, music, and other educational features would come under this clasification-but Victor Hugo has well said that "the Beautiful is as useful as the Useful, perhaps more so;" so perhaps these things can be classed as utilities, at least. And why not as industries? They certainly require intense and long continued industry before they can be successfully practiced. A large proportion of the citizens will be agricultural workers; but their share of public service must of necessity be carried on outside of town limits, where, however, their orchard, alfalfa, corn and carrots will make a beautiful mantle of verdure and fertility thrown over the desert approach to our homes. But the keynote of the city itself will be the "coming into its own" of industry. The outer circle of the two rings of public buildings will be devoted largely to factories. All the industries which de- not detract from the public convenience and comfort will t,,. centralized there in connection with a part of the school ~k. We will have a rug factory; a knitting mill; a pottery; a furniture factory-we will probably make most of our own furniture, in fact we are turning out some very nice cabinet W()rk now-an electrical fittings shop; an airship factory; a boot and shoe factory-we are already starting a factory to tan the hides of our cattle-but that will be outside -the city limits; a · plant for cement art work-an indefinite amount of this will be needed to beautify our public buildings and parks; a dressmaking and millinery establishment where the women and children will be outfitted as part of the school system, by young girls working under the direction of experts. Think of a town where no one should be dressed shabbily or in bad taste. This one feature would be worth the price of admission. Its possible development is an interesting subject of speculation. There would be a model throne. The customer would take her place and the costume designer would analyze her face, figure, and carriage to the • attentive class of girls. This type would call for such lines and colors; that type would demand quite a different treatment. There would be several artists with their respective admirers and patrons, and a skilled dressmaking staff to execute the ideas. The Colony department store would carry a line of materials of all sorts selected for quality, not cheap showiness; and on this the customer could draw in exchange for credit cheques whatever the artist called for. An invalid lady once complained that she did not like to have to wait in her carriage on the main street of her town, because the procession of hats which passed her was so painfully hideous. This feature of the cheap-and-nasty, shoddy side of competitive society can easily be eliminated at Llano. Hats and dresses made of good materials and under trained and intelligent direction could be worn a long time to the entire satisfaction of the wearer. Some of us-1 will not say all, because it is rather a rare piece of g~ lu~k under the present conditions- have had the joy of possessing a hat or gown which was entirely harmonious and comfortable, and have dung to it until it eliminated itself by the inevitable decay of Page lwenty-6ve Br A- Constance Autin nature. Such privilege and comfort should be the rule, not the exception, and would be if we .allowed our buying and drpsmaking to be governed by trained experience and judgment. • It is one of the features of the educational system at Llano to let the children work around with their elders at whatever . occupation attracts them until they finally settle down to the vocation for which they are be·s t fitted. Certain things they will be required to do. Every girl should spend some time in the dressmaking establishment even if she hates a needle; just as every boy should have some training in · handling tools even if he has no mechanical bent. If they never use their knowledge themselves it gives them a touch of personal experience to bring. to bear on their relations with others. There will be many other industries. The printing establishment bids fair to demand much space for its accommodation It is attracting outside business to an astonishing extent and, being based on co-operative principles, can underbid any firm that is struggling with competitive conditions. One or more buildings will be devoted to studios and professional otfices. It may be desirable to have a well-appointed hydroRathic establishment, convenient to run into for an occasional bracing do uche or treatment, in addition to the sanatoriums which are planned for various strategic and scenic situations in the neighborhood. Then, as the- community grows, individuals come in with special abilities and occupations for which accommodation will be afforded. No one can foresee -what the first successful cooperative community on a large scale will attract to itself. The important thing is that all •the provisions in the charter are so elastic, and the management so liberal and far-seeing, that any form of effort or originality that promises to be advantageous to the Colony can find free scope for its exercise. The one point of originality demands an article of its own, so many are the inventions and patents that have already gravitated to Llano. The buildings in which these industries are housed will correspond in architecture to those of the Civic Center which they face. They will be one or two stories high, built around a court, with every feature of sanitation, sunshine and fresh air emphasized. The general working hours will be shortened as the community acquires economic independence, but one system is already practiced which is epecially admirable. It is possible for women who have homes and families to consider, or men and women who are not strong enough to work for long hours consecutively, to come to the factory for two or three hours' work, and leave when it becomes necessary. This idea of making it possible for mothers or delicate people, or those of advancing years, to keep their independence, and feel that they are "doing their bit" without wrecking what remains of their health and vitality, will in itself li'ft a great burden of misery from the world. Noisy or " smelly" industries will be located on the outskirts, where the workers will have easy access to their homes -the homes of course are all alike in general plan, subject to small variations for individual taste-and to the recreations a nd social advantages of the Civic Center. The buildings will be of the same general style as the Civic Center and the surroundings will be parked as the rest of the city is parked, and the profits of the industry will go first to making the con- �Page twenty-six ditions of its producers' lives wholesome and attractive and then to building up assets for the general Colony benefit. And so the Socialist city is planned and created for the working men and women who created it, and every form of effort gets the full product of its activity. • The man who works with his hands exclusively will at least get the material benefits which his handiwork creates, knowing that his son will have the advantages which he lacked, and _that every kind of machinery is being sought out to take the burden off his shoulders, shorten the hours and ·increase the accompHshment. The man who works with his head will see the results of his creative power accomplishing themselves without the. delay and obstruction which so frequently brings to naught the con~ structive efforts of thinkers "on the outside." Every kind of thought or labor which is helpful 'to the group will hav·e full scope where community benefit and not individual benefit is the test to which each suggestion is subjected. Every pre~ mium and advantage will be the rewarp, -not of Inheritance from others or unearned profit, but of service and industry -as befits the Industrial City of Socialism. fingers on the table in perfect imitation of her Mother running the scale, passing the thumb under the fingers. At this same period also, she clapped her hands definitely and would point her index finger, separate from the rest of her hand, to any object that attracted her attention. At this writing Olga Marie IS nine months old, weighs twentyone pounds but does not look fat, has four teeth, sleeps about fifteen hours out of the twenty-four, plays alone a great deal . and is by no means spoiled: I am under the conviction that Olga is only a normal child and that anyone interested in a child could. without the least injury to the child, give it the remarkable development of body, mind and soul that Olga possesses, and by doing so give a start to the child's life that would be an invaluable asset to its future education and career. Mr. and Mrs. Webster scorn the usual noisy, superficial toys made to sell and are carefully selecting and ingenicusly manufacturing Olga's toys. They hope to continue a very careful direction of Olga's education along the lines of the Montessori method and I most heartily endorse their spirit and their method of caring for Olga Marie. Building Llano's Industries _C~o11!0rom_ P· __ ,-,-) in the hotel, but really it is a pleasure to be around where they are. They serve ·the ·long line of men and women three times a day. The tables are spick and span and everything kept in as fine order as is possible under our inadequate quarters and conveniences. Mrs. Williams is complimented over and over again by guests who notice the service rendered by the hotel force. Anyone can run a hotel with plenty of servants, plenty of money, steam heat, food, etc. To my -mind it doesn't take such a marvel. But in Llano it takes a magicjan and a genius. Reaching this conclusion, Mrs. Williams muST be both. Com~ rades Allen and Thomas are also indispensible to the success of the hotel. as are also Spencer and Classen. , At a recent assembly meeting Comrade Van Nuland was asked to say a few words on what he considered the outlook for increased crops was this year. He contrasted this year with last and pointed to this field and that, and called atten~ The Weste r n Comrad<' tion to 'their condition last year. Stone, brush, knolls and hollows characterized many fields. The stones have been re~ moved, hollows filled and bumps removed and crops pfanted. He was enthusiastic and showed absolutely that by organization of the farming forces the future of the Colony was assured. Robert White, who has been out of the Colony for more than six months, returned recently and was called fo a talk. White is an expert carpenter as well as a farmer of long experience with intimate kno~ledge of California soils. He said that he was dumbfounded when he returned and saw the progress that has been made since he went away. This, he said, could not have been done had there been anything but method and purpose behind every move. His word~ carried conviction, as he is known as a man of unusual judgment and ability. Montessori---The Woman ccont. from p. 23) If the Dotoressa failed any on the economic side she did not fail all her hearers. She simply did not go far enough for my insatiate, revolutionary desires. Clearly and unmistakably she set forth her understanding. She looked straight before her in summarizing. The color in her cheeks had spread out and her whole face was aglow with the earnestness that carries conviction. She did not hint at radical reconstructions except that it would be radical to provide a higher standard in housing, sanitation, food and hygienics. She frankly bespoke for every child all tha't it might need for sound physical an·d mental development. There rests her chief devotion to the proposed city. She did not ask that the state do things; simply that they be done. That she is radical is shown by her revolutionary method of education. She abhorred the system of "cram" and "drill" which in the schools is directed by the soulless automata it has itself created. To Montessori property seems to be a tool for the improvement of childhood, the perfecti-ng of the race. She seems to care little who owns this: the people or individuals. She looks for results and goes in her simple and beautifully direct way to get them. She seems to care only for administration. She wants every child to be born with sufficient strength physically and mentally to enable it to take the best training for the good of society and the race. This is but a deduction and not an interpretation. Every line might be disavowed. It is but an impression. Dr. Montessori seems not to be governed by interest, sentiment, religion, or passion; simply reasoned knowledge of what is best for the children. She seems conscious of what she has wrought, but eager to push it forward with all speed. Her effort will revolutionize the educational systems of the world and it will be taken onward and upward, perhaps by stronger hands, but it is destined to sweep over the entire educational system from the smallest Casa di Bambina to the proudest University. Merchandising the Atmosphere (Continued from page fourteen) feeding to stock. Now butter-fat is just a simple little mixture of tristearin, tripalmitin, triolein, and tributyrin-any Boston child knows that. Llano people know it is a mixture of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen-the same things that make soda water, and they all come out of the air. Alfalfa likes hot air, the cow likes alfalfa, the people like the butter and pay handsomely for it. You can merchandize the atJniosphere through this process at as great a profit in Llano as in any territory on earth. �The Western Comrade Proparanda California to the Front T HE radicals of California are determined that the Golden State shall not lose the reputation she has attained as the most progressive commonwealth in the Union. Senator Johnson said last fall he wanted to go to Congress to put upon the federal statute book the laws he had had written on the statute book of California. He left no one behind him to carry on the work he . claims to have begun. So the Single Taxers and Socialists are taking up the task and propose to set a pace that will take the Senator's breath when he hears about it in faraway Washington. At the Single Tax Conference at San Francisco, January 13 and 14, a proposed Single Tax constitutional amendment was formulated and adopted to go on the ballot at the general election in 1918. It IS as follows: • "The People of the State of California do enact as follows: "Article Xlll of the Constitution is hereby amended by adding the following as Section 5 thereof: "Section 5. On an after January I, 1919, all personal property, except the franchises of public service corporations, shall be exempt from taxation thereafter to be levied. "On and after January l, 1920, all improvements on land shall be exempt from taxation thereafter to be levied, but the value of land and the value of such franchises shall not be so exempt. "Provided, that Sections XI and XIV of Article XIII of the constitution shall not be affected hereby in so far as they concern Stale revenues. "All provisions of Article XIII of the constitution in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. "This ame11dment shall be self-executing." This conference was participated in by all the Single Tax groups in the Stale, with the single exception of a few members of the Single Tax League of Los Angeles, known as the Great Adventure group. The Great Adventure form is as follows: "The People of the Stale of California do enact as follows : "Article Xlll of the Constitution is hereby amended by the following section: "On and after January I, 1920, all public revenues, stale, county, municipal and district, shall be raised by taxation of the value of land irrespective of improvements thereon, and no other tax shall be levied. · "The intent ~f this amendment is to prevent the holding of land Page lwcnly-se,ven By J. H. Ryckman out of use for speculation, and to apply the land values which the community creates to community purposes. "All laws in conflict he•ewith are hereby repealed. "Taxation shall be uniform throughout the State, and the legislature shall make adequate provision to carry this amendment into effect according to its intent." • At the close of the Conference the Equity Tax League was organized, into which has been. merged or with which has been affiliated all Single Tax and Home Rule organizations in the State. With the solitary exception of this small faction, the Single Taxers present a united front lo the forces of greed and privilege and land monopoly in California. At Fresno, in February, the Socialist Party, in •late convention assemhled, indorsed the Equity Tax League measure and adopted two measures supplementary to the Single Tax bill to go on the ballot at the same time. ' The first is a comprehensive scheme of collective ownership of public utilities by the state and its political subdivisions, to be financed by a tax on land values-the bonds for such purpose to be retired in fifty annual installr:~ents by the laxation of land values irrespective of the improvements thereon. AI! Single Taxers, from Henry George down, recognize that we cannot attain the full fruitage of Single Tax without the public ownership o f all public utilities. Only then can the principle of the Single Tax be made to strike at the foundation of land monopoly. The second proposition to be put forward by the Socialists will make the Social Insurance Commission and its plans now so much discussed at Sacramento by progressive reformers look like thirty cents. It contemplates nothing less than a liberal and elaborate scheme of social insurance, including old age, sickness and disemployment insurance and mothers' endowment, to be financed wholly by the laxation of land values, and not. as now proposed in this state, and as now in operation in Germany and other countries, by a tax on the beneficiaries and on the employers and the balance to be made up by the state. This is a clean-cut scheme to endow motherhood and to banish forever the three burdens, the three dark shadows, that oppress the workers of the world- to wit, the fe.ar of destitution when old age comes, when sickness comes and when disemployment comes. With these th ree fears lifted from the minds of men and women, the race will enter into a new and splendid era and the age of the superman will have come. Let all forward-looking men and women get behind these measures with the Socialists and the Equity Tax League and help California set the pace for progress throughout the world. What Other State Secretaries Say of the California Constitution Sisseton, S.D., March 22, 1917. Dear Comrades: Am uncertain as to full effects of omitting usuai pledge; program is strictly correc t. We have too long presented theories and must become practical or get of! the map. Some one in Shakespeare's "Tempest" said: "I can call spirits from the vasty deep!" The reply was: "Ay, marry! so can I; but will they come?'' We adopted an industrial or farmers' program in South Dakota seven years ago, but it was too good to be true; anyway, they did not ""come ... I bitterly assailed the Non-Partisan League, in my ignorance, but now believe Socialist candidates should accept their indonement. They appe•l to class interests, present immediate demands that are very much needed, get a $16 fee for two years, THEN educate their speakers, etc., to demand public ownership of all publicly operated industries, full democracy, justice to ALL useful to society, and, more slowly, elimination of land "values'' through modified Single Tax. THEY DON'T NEED US, but we made them possible through education. Unless we cease to be utopian and ''impossible," we will be forgotten . I shall watch your experiment with interested approval, but doubt anything heading of! the onward sweep of the N.-P. movement. Fraternally, E. F. ATWOOD, State Secreta ry. • • • Omaha, Nebr .. March 24th, 1917. The Llano Publications, Llano, Cal. Dear Comrade: I have received the matter to which you refer in your recent letter, but I have not had time to give it the consideration which I know it merits. I have great confidence in some of the men to whom you refer, especially Mills and Harriman, but I am obl:ged to cut out everything that I can on account of a law course which I hope I<> complete in June. An examination means more to me just now than anything else. I have to take things on faith and let it go at that a little while longer. G. C. PORTER, Yours fraternally, State Secretary Socialist P arty of Nebraska. Bath, Maine, March 25th,. 1917. The Llano Publications, Llano, Cal. Dear Comrades : In a conversation with Comrade Arthur LeSueur of the People's College some two years ago in Chicago, we talked at some length concerning the reorganization of our locals along vocational and occupational lines, the idea at that time being a realm of uncharted thought to me. Since then I have given it considerable study and, while still in doubt as to how it would work out in practice, I am free to admit that the general proposition "listens good to me," to relapse into the vernacular. Certain it is that our present methods a re obsolete, antiqu'ated and altogether inadequate, entirely out of joint with the spirit of our· people, a nd must be superseded ty something entirely different unless we are prepared to officiate as chief mourners at the funeral of the organized Socialist movement. I shall wa tch with interest the working out of the proposed change• 1n California, should they be adopted. Fraternally, FRED E. IRISH. Interstate Sec retary Maine and New Hampshire Socialist Party. • • • Atlanta, Ga., March 25, 1917. The Llano Publications, Llano, Cal. Dear Comrades: I have received the Llano Colonist for some weeks and have followed the news· of the Colony with the greatest interest; I thank you for so kindly sending it to me. The number of the Western Comrade referred to in your recent letter is also at hand and has been read with care. In my opinion, the California comrades did a great thing at Fresno. Our party as it stands today is dry and lifeless. I believe the proposed changes will revitalize it. I intend lo use my influence to get something of the kind started here in Georgia. MARY RAOUL MILLIS, Fraternally; State Secretary of Geo~gia. �Marazine Page twenty-eight The Snmmarr Western Comrade What Thinkers Think The Substance of Instructive Articles In March Magazines THE LITERARY DIGEST The Unprofitable Side of Our Great Munition Conlracts.-ln Europe. manufac turing methods have developed mechanically along intensive lines, producing goods of superior merit, while here quantity in production rather than quality a nd accu racy is the rule. We have turned out little work of the class called interchangeable, ar.d few places keep even a set of master guages for s tandards. Complete specifications are a rarity in American practice, and, as far as I know, not a single plant acc~pting munition contracts a llempted to develop a model to be used as a standard. They thought any thing would do to fire out of a cannon, and paid little allention to the specifications which they were supposed to be carrying out. The result is tha t enormous o rders have been turned back on their hands, and the foreign inspectors are making reports very unf.avorable to our efficiency. Food Riots in the United Stales.-The pressure of rising f~od prices is a fact not to be ignored. In a year of unp recedented prosperity, with increased wages and unemployment almost an unknown quantity, there is actual suffering among wo rkers because of the cost of foods . Staple \'egetaLics have gone up from 100 to 366 per cent. There a re several causes- subnormal production, abnormal amoun t of exports, speculahon, and reserve stocks being held here to ship to Europe later on. The railroads are oi ving preference to European munition freight. The president of the Chi;aoo Board of Trade telegraphs the P residents of Eastern railroads, "1 re;uesl that instructions be issued by you forthwith prohibiting movement of any freigh t except food stuffs, coal, a nd other necessities to sustdin life." The Governor of New York, recognizing the situation a~ "the most serious, perhaps. in the history of this state," approves a bill for slate con trol of foodstuffs. PEARSON'S MAGAZINE The Gain of War; A New Gospel.- Ten million men have been withdrawn from the indu,t rial army of Grea t Britain and are being supported by the count ry as soldiers. munition worke rs, e lc. The remaining five or seven million have never heen so prosperous. But what would the wealth of the country be if the ten million were employed producing commodities? We co.uld have a civilization as high as tha t of Athens, not based on slave labor but on that of machines. Our distribution of wealth is no thing like as equitable and fair as that of Athens 2300 yean ago, and our love of ar t and science and leite rs no thing like so intense. The war has proved that it would not entail general impoverishment to level up the lowest classes ; there would still remain more for the able and clever than they could have obtained fifty years ago. The ideal is actual ; he re and now we can realize our dreams. Any modern nation can abolish poverty.- Editorial. Crimes of Charily. -The Organized Charities browbeat the applicants for work until they are afra id to refuse wages as low as three dollars a week for men. and two for women. They help to break strikes among the sweatshop workmen. and the ~ra tefu l manufacturers subscribe to the ch arities and label themselves "member of the organized charities." Working with a cha ritable organizati<'l n makes one lose one's faith in mankind, as the investigators arc as hard-hearted as the applican ts are "submerged." - Konrad Bercovici. INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW An International Policy,-\Ve have had thirty months for thought ; we have been ~etting together. The present wa r is the result of the natural opera tion of the capitalist system. It came as a normal extension of the policies of the great European powers. America is at present pursuing the same polic ies and so may expect in due time to have her war. If the 110 Socialist deputies in the German Reichstag had stood in their places and said, "We are against this thing and we shall do nothing to support it," they might ha ve been shot but they would have saved the lives of millions. If you take the opportune moment much can be done. but many thousands of conscientiou~ objectors can d o nothing now in England and Germany. We workers must educa te our children out of this kind o f barbarism.- William E. Bohn. The Curse of Success.- The philosophy of a successful capitalist JS tevealed in Charles W. S. Schwab's recent book. "The man who fails to give fair service during the hours for which h e is paid is dishonest. The man who is no t willing to give more than this is foolish." Work and save. No time for the Great Adveqture of Youth, for love, for creative work, for living. Fight to get the best of the other fellow before he gets the best of you. And when the savage fight is over, you are either successful, with the virginal sap of life dried ~p into a smug satisfaction with things as they are-or you are one of the failures on whose tragedy is built the success of the very few.-Louis C. F raina. The Menace to Mexico.- The U. S. Government has protested a gainst clauses in the new Mexican Constitution, which apparently mean nationalization of the Mexican oil-fields, and the power to confiscate property holdings of foreign capital. These are precisely the ends Mexico has in view, the development of National Capitalism, a bourgeois revolution against the Imperialism that now has Mexico in its grip. Carranza's effort to free his country of this control is being bitterly fought by international imperialism.-Louis C. Frainn. THE AMERICAN MAGAZINE A Woman Who Teaches MP.n How to Fly.- There was supposed to be one thing that a woman could not do. She was too temperamental, too erratic for aviation. But the "Stinson School of Flying" is a girl of twenty and she has trained one hundred of the aviators who are flying for England. She performs all the aviation feats constantly and has a sense of humor, for when asked to what she a ttributed her success she said: "Why, I never fell down on my job."-J. P. M'Evoy. Preventinr Men from Becoming Mis6ts.-At the School of Engineering of the Uni,·enity of Cincinnati one half of the students walk out of their classrooms every fortnight, put on overalls and go to wo rk in the local shops and the other half comes back to class work. This not_ only gives them practical training, but it eliminates the unfit applicants, and makes it possible fo r the students to support themselves, and, in at least one case, a mother, two brothers, and a sister.-Merle Crowell. TH£ MASSES Tbe Courage of the Cripple.- Men who begin life handicapped ofteP end in over~compensating to a point where to all appearances they are stronger and more a ggressive than they would ha.ve been if they had started even. The Kaiser, Roosevelt, and Nietzsche a re cases in point. The Ge rman race has struggled through centuries of disaster, and h as the fear complex incident to such a history. The Kaiser and Militarism are e ffec ts, not causes; they are a superficial expression of something that is going on in the German soul. She cannot be whipped into either impotence or consciousness of her own aggression. The aggression itselt must be a ttacked through a policy tha t is understanding of its deeper causes. And the first step in this policy is to switch the controversy from the physical into the realm of reason.-Amos Pinchot. McCLURE'S Repair Shops for Men and Women.- The old story, wholesome food, fresh air and exercise; we believe in it at home; at the sanitarium we hdve to practice it. It is the will power that is lacking in neurasthenicswill power and an object in life. Juotify your existence on this earth or the earth does not want you. Live and eat simply. A high protein diet tends to clog the system with poisons. If you say, "There is nothing the matter with me but constipation," you migh t as well say "There is no thing the matter with me but small-pox."- Cievcland Moffett. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW Conscience and the "Conscientious Objecto;."-Like the Quaker, John Woolman, who had a stop on his "mind" on finding himself getting rich by commercial methods, and returned to day labor, so we all of us awaken at times to the consciousnets that we are being weighed in the balance by so:one inner authority,-·and found wanting. Horses and dogs also manifest moral judgments. 'lbe standard ol right is not merely the reflection of the conventions of the community; the law of all the past age• has left its impress on our minds. But there are periods when new moral judgments break through the chinks in the crusted minds of a whole generation. We are today in the early stages of such a rebirth. How soon shall we all feel a "stop in the mind," not only about war, but also about living unproductively on rent and interest, absorbing more than can be allotted to others, instead of "choosing equality?" When dealing with the real conscientious objector, what is the community, which feels itself betrayed, to do? We may fairly ask him not to claim the privilege of a "soft option." If really moral he will certainly "choose equality " with �The Western Comrade Marazine Summary his fellow citizens exen more when it is a question of equality of sacrifice than when it is one of reward. It is now a long time since the emergence of that moral genius who taught a religion of love; and in spite of all the ingenious perversions of the teaching, some of it has got imbedded in the Caucasian mind. Some men decline to kill men, and it is necessary to provide for all sorts of consciences by offering the objectors all sorts of alternatives.-Sidney Webb. A Woman and the War.-There is need for a kind of courage even greater than that of the men who face annihilation in the trenches. There is a call for "heroes of thought to do battle with all the evils that make it possible for men who have no quarrel to assemble in their millions for mutual destruction." Paganism was a more terrible force than militarism, and was overthrown by the labors of one man Woman must follow the path of pain and suffering learn for herself th rough bitter experience how but ultimately her power and influence may prove of Warwick. THE CENTURY and his tiny following. a little longer, she must great a curse war is, decisive.- The Countess War Debts and Future Peace.-Formerly men financed their enterprises on the immediate capital which they could gather together. Now they use the expedient of long term bonds, which disguises the facts, places the burden to a large degree on the future. relieves immediate pressure and MAKES POSSIBLE STILL GREATER EXPENDITURES. If the experience of the past is taken as a criterion. a thousand years in the future the English people will be paying taxes to meet the interest on the debts now being incurred. The total war debt a t the end of another year would amount to half the total assessed properly in the United Stales. Unless repudiation comes the interest on this will have to be mel every year. Humanitarian impulses to prevent such another world disaster will have their weight, but these influences fade with time. The economic factors will continue and will be a compelling force in the promotion of permanent peace.- Joseph E. Davies. '-.... METROPOLITAN Have You a Little Theatre in Your Town ?-They are budding out in a hu(ldred little towns and, what is stranger, are ·gjlllpeting successfully with the big commercialized shows in the large towns. When org~nized for the love of art and not for social climbing, they are a tremendously illuminating fac;,lor in the local intellecual life.-Louis Sherwin. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Pneumatic-Tired Road Skates.-This skate has two nine-inch wheels on each fool, so adjusted that they do not interfere with any movement of the leg or fool. They are very readily steered, noiseless regardless of the nature of the surface skated over, and, since the skater glides on a cushion of air, there is no jar. They will probably be useful for business purposes and even for moving armies rapidly. You can skate at about three times the speed with which a man usually walks. POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Why Does the Heart Stop Beating at Death ?-It does not-in the case of many animals. Hearl muscles possess the inherent quality of contraction and will continue to contract as long as a certain temperature is kept up. It is possible to grow the heart muscles of a warm blooded animal in an incubator, and single cells may attach themselves to each other and beat rythmically as long as the environment is favorable. AMERICAN REVIEW OF REVIEWS The Live Stock Prohlem.-Argentina, fo·r . every thousand inhabitants, has 4487 cattle, while we have but 739. and Germany but 327. If we want to compete we must systematize all the branches of this industry. The packers now are preying upon the producers and the consumers. The only proper method is to make the packing houses public utilities and place them under thorough control and regulation. The "law of the jungle" should cease, and economy, efficiency, co-operation, and just dealing should take its place. -Dwight B. Heard. · State Purchase as a Solution of England's Liquor Prohlem.-The London Spectator advocates a policy of state purchase of the entire liquor interests of Great Britain. Since the country is facing the risk of food shortage the consumption of foodstuffs in national breweries should cease. Als'l the men employed should be released for other duties, both civil and military. Under the stress of great national peril the government should take over the whole affair in such a way that no individual should be ruined. Women in Britisla lndustry.-ln the munition factories the women have shown themselves not only competent mechanics, but are employed as "foremen" and inspectors. Definite provisions have been made for fixed Page tweny-nine bases of pay so that their labor could not be exploited. Engineering works are being established where all the employees are to be women with mechanical inclinations, preferably the widows and daughters of officers. _ . Education aad Crime Amonr Negroes.-judge Gilbert T. Stevenson finds that the negro, constituting only one-tenth of the total population, is penalized for one-third of the crime. However, the negro furnishes •only about one-fifth of the con:-ictions. The difference is made up in longer tenns of imprisonment for negroes. Moreover these criminals belo11g al. most exclusively to the uneducated classes, and in investigating the recorda of the industrial schools it is found that their graduates almost invariably "make good.'" The high rate of negro criminality is as much a condemnation of the community in which it exists as of the offending negroes themselves. --o- Book Review's "SONGS OF THE GREAT ADVENTURE." By Luke Nortla He stands for men-this Luke North; he knows that .poor men can be nry cruel and rich ll)en kind. He knows that the line ·of cleavage is in the heart- those who. care and those who don't. This heart, dormant usually, or pumping only in a mechanical way, he rouses, interests, he excites it to consciousness and dominance, and he 6nds beneath every hypocrite, liar and coward (which we all are) a Man or a Woman true and dependable at the center. He teaches that no one has a right to anything while a child lacks food, and that the only man who lives up to . his ideals is the man who has none. For ideals are of thought, which is fluidic, and wherever thought is active, ideals keep a measurable pace in advance of conduct. When conduct catches up with ideals, thought has ceased to How, "mental stability" ensues, self-complacency and selfrighteousness obtain. Altogether the lesson he teaches is vital and timely and he drives it home with force and conviction. Published by the author at Los Angeles, California. " GOD VERSUS M-AMMON." By Horace Mann A series of reprint~ of ariicles show.ing up the injustice of the present economic system, accompanied by strikong quotations bringing out the fact that the "saints, apostles, prophets, martyrs," were all socialists. Mr. Mann's chief thesis is that dividends viewed as personal income independent of service rendered are graft and cannot be tolerated by Otristian civilization. Profit may be defined as the amount an employee pays for the privilege of having a master. The way to abolish this form of exploitation therefore is for every man to become his own employer. In other words, we must abolish the ownership of one man's job by another man, just as we have abolished the ownership of one man by another. In thi.s way we shall not only overcome aversion to work; we shall develop universal love of work, and the desire to do the best work possible. Published by the author at Leliter, California. "SHALL J. P. MORGAN OWN THE EARTH?" By Jack Pansy This little treatise is a compilation of the report of the Pujo committee and the report of the Industrial Relations committee in· the Y,ngresaional Record. It gives the statistics concerning the control of American finances controlled by the Morgans, whose assets are valued at twenty-6ve billion dollars, one-sixth of the total wealth of the nation, and shows how inevitably the same ring controls the Associated Press. Published by the author at Grand Rapids, Michigan. . --o- STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP. MANAGEMENT. ETC., OF THE WESTERN COMRADE. APRIL Ist, 1917. Publi,hed monthly at Llano, California. Managing Editor, Job Harriman, Llano, California. Publisher, job Harriman, Llano, California. Editor, Frank E. Wolfe, Llano, California. BusineSI Manager, Ernest S. Wooster, Llano, California. Owner, job Harriman, Llano, California. Kno..,., bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders, holding one per cent or more of total amount& of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: None. (Signed) ERNEST S. WOOSTER. Sworn to and subscribed before me this third day of April, 1917. F. H. CHAMBERIAJN Notary Public in and for the County of Loa Angeles, State of California. (My Commission expires May 19, 1920) .... .' :... · �The f>age thirty Western Comrad~· Are You With Us?. An Aditorial by the Circulation Manager T HE most wonderful opportunity ever given any radical publication is now open to the Llano Publications, the WESTERN COMRADE and the LLANO COLONIST. Published by the foremost complete co-operative in the world, they should lead in the constructive co-operative movement. This movement must, soon after the war, become international. The Llano Publications must take a foremost part in fusing the world's co-operatives into an impregnable whole. But we must, in the meantime, carry the message to many thousands in the United States and in every other English-speaking country. It is a titanic t:a.sk, but there are no insuperable obstacles-that is, not if all will help. ' The time for mere talk is past. The· world today does not doubt the soundness of Socialist theory; there have been many proofs of it and of the inevitability of Socialism. But the world demands ACHIEVEMENT. We voted, but the people would not vote with us because we lacked Proof. There is one convincing argument that never fails to get and hold an audience. That is the argume~t is backed by the dollar sign; in other words, Economic Determinism. The LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY has that argument. It is ACHIEVING right now. That is why our papers hold the attention of readers. Every day we get letters breathing confidence and enthusiasm. They are a constant inspiration to us. One man writes: "I can hardly wait till the COMRADE comes with its story of what the comrades at Llano are doing." We have many letters of this kind. Another JSays: "I hope to join you in the fall and put my shoulder . day, the third milestone of achieveto the wheel." These letters assure ment. No Corporation in the World Ever us we are on the right track. Even non-Socialists like to read the Made Such a Manelous Growth With Llano P-ublications because they are No Initial Capital. No co-operative purely <:onstructive, ever optimistic, do colony ever even approached it. Within the tlext year many surprises not create prejudices, and do not indulge 'i~ personal attacks nor call are in store. One will probably be names. They stand for principles. told in the May issue; it is not quite We want every Socialist, every rad- ready yet. And it will make our wellical, every liberal-minded person in the wishers sit up and applaud. country. to know that the Llano CoWithin the next year certain imoperative Colony is alive, thriving, provements will be made in the WESTgrowing, developing. ERN COMRADE and the LLANO But this depends Qn the circulation COLONIST that will put them FOREof our publications. MOST among radical publications. And this depends on WHAT OUR We will not tell now what these are, READERS DO. but they are definitely planned and will The Llano Publications carry prac- be worked out as rapidly as possible. ARE YOU WITH US? tically no paid advertising. They have no subsidy, no bank account. They We don't ask you to send in a hunlive on subscriptions entirely. They dred subscribers or even ten - just must depend on the loyalty of their ONE. We are putting our problem up readers. to YOU. It is not a favor to us; it We ask every reader to work for the is working for the thing. you believe in. cause. "Installment members should seThe Llano Publications are spreading cure every subscription possible. The the story of "Co-operation in Action." security of Llano can be increased, its Our readers believe in it. Will they growth hastened, its success doublehelp? clinched by a great circulation of its Begin NOW. papers. Remember, the rates are to be raised ARE YOU WITH US? on May 1st. If you are, will you prove it by your Now the COMRADE and the COLeffort? Will you get ONE subscription ONIST are 50c a year each, or both right NOW? If the printing department at Llano to oRe name and address for 75c. AFTER MAY I st the COLONIST were not a part of the Co-operative will be 50c a year as it is now. The Colony it would be impossible to put COMRADE will be 75c a year for out the WESTERN COMRADE entirely on subscriptions. But this co- single subscriptions, or in clubs of four operation must be extended until it or more at 50c each. Combinations with the COLONIST takes in every reader. We have cut production cost, but will be $1.00 a year, or in clubs of we cannot go out and get readers; our four or more at 75c each. subscribers and well-wishers must do Canadian rates will be $1.00 a year that for either the COMRADE or COLONIST. No combination rates apply Will you do your part? May I st is the Colony's third birth- outside the United States. �The Western ~ thirty-one Comrade I Need $10,000 Law Book Free TO ENLARGE MY RAPIDLY CROWING BUSINESS sTUDY LAW, and become the man of power in your community. The fanners of North Dakota captured the State Government, agd found that they needed law-trained men in ofli~e to light the big interests which have their lawyers in the Legislature to make their laws, and in the Courts to defend and interpret them. There are opportunities awaiting YOU. Get ready for them-tudy Law at home in your spare time. We prepare you for the Bar examination. Guarani!"' bond for refund of money if dissatisfied. Degree of LL. B. conferred. Hundreds of successful students enrolled. Fourteen-volume Law Library upon enrollment. Low cost--<Oasy tenns. Be independent. Be a Leader. Write today for free la\v book-"Law and the People." My business is a standard, conservatively managed business. It has been established about five yean. It is growing so rapidly that in order to keep up with the increased demand I mus t have larger equipment throughout. This requires an immediate outlay of capital. There is every prospect that WITHIN FIVE YEARS IT WILL BE THE LARGEST BUSINESS OF IT5 KIND IN THE UNITFD STATES. The product in one line has been multiplied by three in <ile last ten months; a newly established line has grewn amazingly. I have had to tum away a great deal of profitable business because my equipment has been inadequate to handle this new business. I am a Socialist. I want to borrow this capital from Socialists. I CAN GIVE FIRST CLASS SECURITY. I estimate tha t $10,000 will equip a new plant completely. The money will be used for this purpose. I want to borrow it either in a lump sum or in smaller sums. Have you a small sum you wish to invest where it will be used by a comrade, and where it will be well protected) Write me for full details, and let me know what sum you will loan if the security is satisfactory to you. Please address : J ohn D. McGregor, care of Western Comrade, · Llano, California. -Advertisement THE PEOPLE'S COLLEGE, Dept. D, FORT SCOTT, KANSAS. Reduced Freight Rates on Shipments of Household Goods from all Eastern points Beginning Next Month ________ .,________ to Californic:t Members of the llano del Rio Colony will lind it especially advanta&eous to make their shipments throu&h tile • J UDS0 N Freight Forwarding Co. Was Schmidt Guilty? 443 Marquette bldg, Chicago; 324 Whitehall bldg, New York ; 640 Old South bldg, Boston; 435 Oliver bldg, Pittsburg; 1537 Boatmen's Bank bldg, St. Louis ; 518 Central bldR, Los Angeles; 855 Monadnock bldg, San Francisco. WRITE NEAREST OffiCE. Being the Address Made Before the Jury By ·Job Harriman READ IT MRS. CECIL M. WILLIAMS, LLANO, CAL. In the May Western Comrade Telephone Home A-4533 HARRIMAN & Are You Getting Fat? My system is sensible and produces results. Natural, and bene· ficial to health. No drugs, no medicines. Those who have used it are well pleased. Begin reducing NOW. Send $3.00 for my $5.00 complete course of treatments. LEVIN AU....,a at Law CLASSIFIED ADS Rates: ZSc a line for one insertion; lSc a line tilereafter. to tlte line. Advertisin& payable in advance. Tweln wordo WANTED-GAS ENGINE5, 6 TO 12 H. P. STATE MODFJ.., DES!~. name. age. condition, and give full description. WESTERN COMRADE. WANTID-SE~OND-HAND MULTIGRAPH. GIVE YfAR AND MODEL. Must be in first class condition; will accept u payment on membenbip fee. Membership Dept~ Uano, Cal FOR SALE.- BREEDINC RABBITS. BFLGIANS. NEW ZEALANDS, AND FleaUb Giants. We can supply all ages up to eight months. For Jurlher information address Ral.bit Department, Uano del Rio Coloq, U.O, CaL .. !- • �( j Whclt Would. You Do With $1 ,000.00? Would you invest it in a house and lot? You might be out of work and lose it. Anyway, there is interest to pay, and insurance, and taxes, and . street work, and depreciation- all outgo. Would you put! it. into a business? - Every day little business men fail. If you haven't experience you are almost sure to fail. Buy a farm? Ask some of the fa..Wers first -then perhaps you won't. Where can you puf that money to have it safe and at the same time derive a benefit from it? Loan it, perhaPJ. But the income on $1000 isn't so great when you have but a single thousand. LLANO OWNS LLANO MAKES Printery Shoe Shop Laundry Commissary Bakery Cannery Tannery Creamery Magazine Newspaper Saw Mill Lime Kiln Dairy Hogs Alfalfa Orchards Gardens Rabbitry Stock Ranges Machine Shop Bread Overalls Shirts Canvas Gloves Buller Leather Soap Rugs LLANO HASLibrary 'vlontessori School Orchestras Two Hotels GIVES FREEMedical Allendance Doctor's Services Entertainments Rent Baths Dances Tell Your Friends of LlanoLLANO offers you the ONLY investment for $1000 that gives you genuine opportunity. If you come to LLANO, do your part, put your shoulder to the wheel, co-operate with your comrades and help to build the Llano del Rio Cooperative Colony into the far-reaching, powerful working-class institution that it is destined to become, Llano will do this for you: . It will provide you a better home than you have ever lived in; it will give you steady and permanent employment; it will give you social insurance, life insurance, and old age pension, and all of this without the feast hint of charity; SEND FOR THE it will take care of your family should you pass away; it will offer you wider choice of vocation and offer your children better opportunities than you were probably ever offered. Are you a "sticker?" Then Llano wants you for a citizen, offers you an opportunity to pioneer in the grandest movement that was ever initiated. Llano is succeeding; its record is one that a capitalistic corporation could point to with pride as a satisfactory achievement for three years. We want you NO\V. We want you to help BUILD this co-operative. Will you? Won't you write us at once? "GATEWAY TO FRE EDOM" Uano del Rio Co-operative Colony LLANO, CALIFORNIA � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-04 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-04 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v04n12_191704 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-01 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v04n12 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Robert K. Williams Tells About Llano and Her Problems And How They Are Being Overcome The socialist City by A. Constance Austin The Hope Box, A Story by Helen Frances Easley Llano's Solution of the Growing Grocery Bill by Wesley Zornes Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/2f7ca0a7a9de28e55d502d6ad313f996.pdf acb3be2ebb6e4d755e152b5f2272173b PDF Text Text . ·~ - ren ®§ -\ g. . . . Art and Education Number WITH REPRODUCTIONS OF MANY AR.T OBJECTS FROM L L A N 0 ~" S A R T S T U D I 0 March~ 1917 Pdce Five Cents a Copy I /' .I .I -· In J 0 b This H NuI a, r 1ber • . (r 1m a n TELLS OF TH~( IJ)EALS THAT . ARE BACK F c:' T H E L L A N 0 DEL RIO CO 'MUNITY-READ . Llano-Commtr.nity of Ideals A Is ·o The N e w S t at 6· Ex e c u t i v e By w·ALTER THO AS MILLS · �The Gateway To Freedom . . Through Co-operative Action T HE LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY is situated in the beautiful Antelope valley in Los Angeles County, California. The Colony lies close to the Sierra Madre range where an abundance of clear. sparkling water from mountain springs is sufficient to irriga!e thousands of fertile acres . . The climate is mild and delightful, the soil is fertile, and markets are not far distant. The Llano del Rio Colony is a horticultural, agricultu!al• and stock-raising C'llerprise, with such manufacturing as will supply the needs of the colonists, with perhaps something to sell w;hen the Colony has grown. ~ T LLANO OFFERS YOU 8?CAPE..FROM-= · HE electric. light bill, the water bill, the doctor's bill. the drug bill, the telephone bill, the gas bill, the coal bill, the dentist's bill, IRe school book supplies bill, the sewer assessment bill, and car fare, the annoyance of the ·bad< door peddler and beggar (Henry Dubbs who thi11k the trouble is individual hard luck), the hundred and one greater and smaller burdens on the_ householder, and the lean weeks caused by disemployment and the consequent fear of the future. There is no landlord and no rent '• charged. While they are charged with living expenses, for food and clothing, the colonists never fear meeting the grocery bill, the milk, the clothing bill, the laundry bill, the butcher's bill, and other inevitable and multitudinous bills that burden the struggling workers in the outside world. For the tax bill he has no fear. The colony officials attend to the details of all overhead. To colonists the amusements, sports, pastimes, dances, entertainments and all educational facilities are free. · T COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT HE LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a remarkable form of management that is the result of evolution. The management of the affairs of the Colony industries is in the hands of the department managers. In each department there are divisions. Over some of these divisions are foremen. All these are selected for their experience and fitness for the position. At the department meelinga Rl many persona as can crowd in the room are always I""' Thrse meetings are held regularly and they are unique 1n , ..tt , l.if•.ions are ever made. no resolutions adopted and no '".--.utr• • e ~,.., -1 Tlae last adion · on anJ matter supercedes all fom.. r • llu.a '" tlais stands until the plans are chanced. The plan IS " " '>sl admirably and smoothly. At these meetings the 1 and planned, report• are given, teams allotted, work is a .., workers are shifte.,.( to the point where the needs are gr<atest, and machinery is P"t on designated wo rk. transportation is arranged, wants are maode known ~ I hlld as nearly as possible. The board of director~ members I wh1ch are elected by the stockholders, meets once a · eek an< has charge of the financial and businen management of the ent 'jlrise. These directors are on the same basis as all their ce> ra les in the colony. At the general anembly all penons ove , -. een years of age, residing in the colony, have a voice and- Vhlt M NO CONSTI11JTIC 0 :{ BY-LAWS ANY penons who want I lmow how the affairs of the Uano del Rio Community e cortducted think, in order to get this information, they m tSt secure a copy of a constitution and by-laws. There is no >ns ltution. The Llano Community contents itself with a "declarat¥.on of principles" which is printed below. The management of t'be Colony rests wi.th the board of managers, a member of w(,ich is the superintendent and hia two assistants. These mana1,ers are selected for their 6tness and ability. The business and ~.nancial affairs of the enterprise are conducted by the board of t-lirectors who are elected by the stockholders. The corporation by-l aws are the stereotyped' cor· potation bJ-Iaws of almost every stat.: The only innovation is in the restrictina of anyone from votr •ll more than 2000 shares of stock, regardless of how many ah , a are held. As this is to be the ultimate holding of every member, this is considered a stroll& protective clause. The incorporation charter is also the usual type and gives the corporation the right to transact almost aU manner of business. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, safe, and well construed. There is no disposition on the part of state oflic.ials to interfere. I DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES N conducting the alfain of the Uano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer in8exible rules and regulations the greater the harmony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a set of laws the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration follows: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over those of any individual. Liberty of action is only permissible when it does not restrict the liberty of another. Law is a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community at large. Values created by the Community shall be vested in the Com· munity alone. The individual is not justly entitled to more land than is sufficient to satisfy a reasonable desire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be heiJ by private ownership. • Talent and intelligenc.e are gifts which should rightly be used in the service of othen. The development of these by education is the gift of the Community to the individual, and the exercise of greater ability entitles none to the false rewards of greater pos· sessions, but only to the joy of greater service to others. Only by identifying his interests and pleasures with those of others can man find real happiness. The duty of the individual to the Community is to develop ability to the greatest degree possible by. availing himself of all educational facilities and to devote the whole extent of that ability to the service of all. The duty of the Community to the individual ia to administer justice, to eliminate greed and selfisb.ness, to educate all and to aid any in time of age or misfortune. SOUND FINANCING NECESSARY P ERSONS cannot be admitted to residence at the colony upon the payment of $10.00 or any other sum leu than the initial payment fee. Hundreds write and suggest they be allowed to pay a small amount, or in some cases, nothing at all, then enter the colony and work out the remainder of their shares. If the colony permitted this there would soon be a hundred thousand applications. The money derived from these initial payments is used to pay for land, improvements, machinery, and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. It takes considerable time to bring a large agricultural undertaking to a productive point. The colony must proceed along sound financial lines in order to continue itt present success. This fact must be obvious to all. The manage· ment of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unmindful of the fact that there is a numberless army that cannot take advantage of this plan of co-operation. Many letters come in that breathe bitter and deep disappointment. No one could regret this more than we do. It is our hope that the day will come when successful co-operative groups can say to their stripped, rob· bed and exploited brothers: "You who come with willing hands and understanding of comradeship Gd co-operation are welcome." The installment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month ia proving satisfactory. On this plan the absent comrade is providing for the future while his brothers and sisters on the land are bearing the brunt of the pioneering. Families entering the colony begin to draw from the commissary. Some of the food. all the clothing, much of the material they draw, costa money. -The initial membership fee goes to olfaet the aup;x>rt of families until the colony shall be on a paying basis. ./' �Antelope Valley. More than 200 children allend the schools. Part of the children gel meals at the school; some live at the Industrial school all the time. The Montessori school io in operation. taking the children from 2!/z to 6 yean· of age. A new ochool building is soon to be built on the new lownoite. 'The County school and the Colony lnduotrial schools are both in operation. High school work io planned. In the Industrial school botany, doIMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED mestic science, languaaes, agricuture, biology, praclical farming and HEN a member of the colony dies his shares and. credilo the regular grammar school subjects are taught by competent teachlike any other property, go to his heirs. Only Caucuiano ers. Manual training is already being taught; buildings are now unare admilled. We have had applications from Negroes, der construction. The dUldren care for a 8ock of milk goats, chickHindus, Mongolians and Malays. The rejection of these applicaens, turkeys, and many acres of garden. They are very successful. tions is not due lo race prejudice but because it is not deemed . They build their own buildings; the girls learn sewing and cookina ; expedient to mix races in these cOmmunities. the children produce much of what they consume; porlien of their Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific clothing is made by the sewing classes; they have their own hones, Railroad. All household goods and other shipments should be wagons and farm implements ; they own pigs and a number of pets. consigned to the name of the owner, Palmdale, California, care Besides learning co-operation and developing a sense of responsiLlano Colony. Goods will be looked after by the colony freightman bility, they enjoy acquiring an education under these conditions. until ordered moved to Llano. All shipments should be preThey plan to go extensively into the raising of chickens and paid, otherwise they cannot be moved and storage or demurrage turkeys during the comiRg year. may be charged. Freight transportation between the colony and The Colony owns a fine herd of 12S Jersey and Holstein cattle, the station is by means of auto trucks. Passengers are carried I 00 head of young stock are on the range, being heifen and calves in the colony's auto stages. In shipping household goods, it will up to 2 years of age. Over I00 head of horses and mules, inbe well to ship only lighter goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and cluding colts, are owned by the Colony. These, with the tractors heavy articles should not be shipped from points where freight and caterpillar engine, four trucks, and numerous autos, do the rates are high. hauling and the work on the land. Individuals may own their own automobiles and many colonists A recent purchase of Duroc-J ersey sows gives the Colony twentydo own them. All livestock, poultry. etc .. are kept in the depart· two registered high-class breeding sows and a splendid boar, the ments devoted to those industries. The aim is to keep the resinucleus of a great development along this line. Many new pens dence portion of the colony clean and sanitary. have been built. Registration will be kept up and the raising of LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS fine hogs made one of the leading industries. There are also some Among the industries of Llano, to which new ones are confine Berkshi res, and a large number of grade sows. stantly being added, are: printshop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, Much nursery stock has been planted, a vineyard of 40 acres put cleaning and dyeing, warehouse, machine shop, blacksmith shop, out, and many fruit trees set this spring. The Colony has more rug works, planing mill, paint shop. lime kiln, saw mill, dairy, cabthan 400 acres of orchards. inet shop, nursery, alfalfa, orchards, poultry yards, rabbitry, garCommunity gardening is successful, and an increaoed acreage dens, hog raising, two stages, lumbering, ma_gazine, newspaper, docwill be put in each year. tors offices, woodyard. vinegar works, bakery, fish hatchery, barThe ideal is to farm on an extensive scale, using all manner of ber shop, dairy goats, baths, swimming pool, studios, two hotels, efficient labor saving machinery and methods, with expert and exdrafting roe>m, post office, commissary, camping ground, Industrial perienced men in charge of the different departmenll. school, grammar school, Montessori school, commercial classes, liLlano possesses more than 668 stands of bees. They are cared brary, women's exchange, two weekly dances, brass band, mandolin for by expert bee men of long experience. This department exclub, two orche•tras, quartets, socialist local, jeweler. pects to have several thousand stands in a few years. The Colony has secured limber from the San Gabriel Reserve, PLAN OF ORGANIZATION and has a well equipped sawmill. Lumber worth $3S to $40 a thouFallowing is the plan which has proven successful: each sharesand costs the Colony only a few dollars a thousand. holder agrees to buy 2,000 shares of capital stock. Each pays Social life is delightful, baseball and football teams, dances, picin cash or installments, $1,000. Each pays in labor, $1,000. Each nics, swimming, hunting, camping, all being popular. A band, sevreceives a daily wage of $4, from which is deducted one dollar for eral orchestras, a dramatic club, and other organizations anisl in the stock he is working out. From the remainder comes his living making the social occasions enjoyable. expenses. Whatever margin he may have above deduction for stock Alfalfa does extraordinarily well at Llano. Much has been plantand living expenses is credited Ia his individual account, payable out ed and the acreage will be increased as rapidly as possible. Six ef the surplus profits of the enterprise. If an installment member good cuttings a season can be depended on. Ditches lined with falls ill, is disabled or disemployed, the Colony_gives him every opcobblestone set in Llano lime, maki11g them permanent, conoerve portunity to recover and resume payments. In no case will he be water and insure economy. They will be built as fast as ponible. crowded. If he finds it impossible to resume payments, we will, A square mile has been set aside for the new city. With the upon request, issue stock for the full amount he has paid. This is sawmill running, the lime kiln producing a very superior lime, and transferable and may be sold to·his best advantage. In this we will with sand and rock abundant and adobe brick easily manufactured, endeavor to assist wherever practicable. Corporations are not the time is near when permanent buildings will be erected on the allowed by law Ia deal in their own stock. new site. It will be a city differeril in design from any other in the GENERAL INFORMATION world, with houses of a distinctively different architecture. Houses will be comfortable. sanitary, handsome, home-like, modem, and The Llano del Rio Colony is the greatest Community enterprise ever attempted. It was founded by Job Harriman, May lsi. 1914•. harmonious with their surroundings, and will insure greater privacy than any other houses ever constructed. They are unique and deand is soiving the problem of disemployment and business failure. signed especially for Llano. !r offers a way Ia pro>·ide for the future welfare of the workers The Weekly. newspaper, THE U.ANO COLONIST, gives the news and their families. of the world, of the Socialist and Labor movement in condensed It is a perfect example of Co-operation in Action. No community form. It carries the Colony news, etc., The subscription rate io organized as it is, was ever established before. SOc a year (Canada, $1.00). The WESTERN COMRADE is the The purpose is lo solve the problem of unemployment by providColony's illustrated monthly magazine with articles of general ining steady employment for the workers; lo assure safely and comterest and pictures of Colony life and development. The rate is fori for he future and for old age; lo guarantee education for the now SOc a year. After May I, 1917, the rate will be 75c a year, children in the best schools; and lo provide a social life amid surroundings beller than can be found in the competitive world. JOe a copy. Present combination rate for BOTH is 75c a year, and after May lst, $1.00 a year (f oreign postage extra). It has more than 800 residents, makinx it the largest town in the · Write today for an application blank, fill it out and send together with a remillance of $10 or more lo secure your membership. You can then arrange to pay $10 a month or more until you can so adjust your affairs that you can make fin.tl payment and join your comrades who have already borne_ the 6nt bruni of pioneering. W ADDRESS All COMMUNICATIONS AND MAKE All PAYMENTS TO THE Uano del Rio Company, Llano, California : .. . �March Issue ~~ ~ Nineteen Seventeen Table of Contents Pqe Pace Concerning Babies.................................................... I5 Cover Page Henry Dubb, Junior, the clever conception by Mrs. Fox. Llano artist and sculptress, after the cartoon ·fig,;re created by Ryan Walker, the Socialist cartoonist. The Gateway to Freedom ... :..............................: ....... 2 Prudence Stokes Brown, attending the Montessori s~hOQ!, . tells how the Montessori method is adaptable. to babies. Learning by Dollig-The Attractive Way............. .l6 Some!hing about the Industrial School at lJano. Synopsis of Colony progress and plan of organiz.ation. Editorials ........................................................ :......... 5 By Job Harriman. Llano- Community of Ideals.................................... 8 Comrade Job Harriman's own story of the reasons for the Colony, and why it is hound to succeed. A Humanitarian Work.............................................. l8 , By Joe Sullivan, who is an authority on this subject. Though crippled, he is a business man of ability and a writer. He was once mayor of a city. The Federal Child Labor Law.................................. 19 By Florence I. Taylor. Art at Llano .............................................................. ! 0 The Mechanics of Music .......................................... 20 What the Llano Art Studio-School is achieving and how it will inRuence community life. Music is usually considered an art. It is, but L. W. Millsap, jr., shows how it is the highest form of refined Why Paris? .............................................................. 11 A discussion of art in Paris. Miss A. Constance Austin writes of what she knows by observation. The New State Executive .......................................... 12 No one is more competent to write on this topic than is Walter Thomas Mills. mechanics. Man's Social Awakening ..........................................21 Met's First Assignment. ........................................... 22 A short story by Frank L. Wright. The Dream ................................................................23 About Socialism in California .... .............................. 13 A poem in blank verse by D. C. Travis. State Secretary Thos. W. Williams sends chearful note on the fu tu re prospects of Sociali st party in Califo rnia if the new consti tution is adopted. Influences of •En-vironment.. ......................................24 The Socialist City ...................................................... 14 What Thinkers Think ................................................ 26 By A. Constance Austin; another of this instructive series. Substance of Instructive a rticles in February Magazines. By Dr. John Dequer. News of the Circulation Contest FIRST PRIZE $1000 Membership in the Llano del Rio Colony SECOND PRIZE $508 wortla of Llano Stock THIRD PRIZE $200 wortla of Llano Stock FOURTH PRIZE $100 wortla of Llano Stock NEXT FOUR PRIZES Eada $SO in Llano Stock OVER 25 SUBS Your Claoice of a Variety of Llano Prodnch 15 TO 25 SUBS A Henry Dablo Stataetta and a copy of "Was Selamidt Guilty!" 10 TO IS SUBS A He11ry Dalolo Statuette ALL SUBSCRIPTION CARDS BOUGHT NOW, FOR THE WESTERN COMRADE AT SOc. AND THE COMBINATION OF UIE COMRADE AND llANO COLONIST AT 7Sc., WILL BE REDEEMED AT FACE VALUE UNTIL THE FIRST OF JULY. This means, Contest Workers, that by laying in a supply of Subscription cards before the first of May, that you may purchase the~ at the old prict of 7Sc for the two Colony publications, and SOc for the Comrade, and that they will be accepted for a year's subscription until the Contest closes. . . . Two splendid ideas for subscription getting have been sent in by hustlers. One comrade in Chicago has had several thousand handbills printed, headed, "Attention, Read about Co-operation in Action I" Follows a few facts about the Uano Publications, and the name and address of the Contestant. On the revrrse side is a statement of the Socialist Co-q>erative Tailors, located at the Soci&li.s:t Headquarten, 803 W. Madison, Chicago. Another plan that promises results is being tried ou t by a Contestant in Omaha. He has ordered a large bundle, and plano to have them di1tribu ted by small boys. A small fee will be charged for the copies, thus giving the boys an incentive to work, and in this way people who do not re•lil-e that they want to read abou t Co-operation, will become interested, and subocribe. .. .. .. A comrade who is very interested not only in the Contest, but in the succeu of the Colony too, says : "I have worked at the subscription bllsineJJ for a number of yearo, selling radial ami !XH:ialill papers, but I lind it easier to get subscriptioJ» fDr the Comrade and Colonist than any other 1 have ever handled, because they tell of the theory of Co-operation being actually worked DUI," W. E. 5., Miswuri. .. .. . " Everyonr who ·sees your publieation.s is very enthulo.utic. Some are talking of m.ling .a lrip to the Colony this summer."-£. Kidder, W.asb. �Co-operation Po litical Action Direct Action The Western Comrade DeYoted to tile Caase of tile Workers Entered as second-class matter November 4th, 1916, at the post office at Uano, California, under Act of M~rch 3, 1879. PUBUSHED EAOI MONrn AT llANO, CAUFORNIA. SUBSCRIPTION RATE, 50c a Year; Canada, 75c; After May 1st, 75c a year; Canada $1.00; Single Copies JOe. STAFF JOB HARRIMAN FRANK E. WOLFE • ERNEST S. WOOSTER Contributing Editors ROBERT K. WILLIAMS A. CONSTANCE AUSTIN MILDRED G. BUXTON DR. JOHN DEQUER O.INTON BANCROFT WESLEY ZORNES Managing Editor. . • Editor. Business Manager. In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing department may be certain that the right name is being changed. VOL. IV P LLANO, CALIFORNIA. Mf!RCH, 1917. Ed • 1 t 0 r • 1 No. II a I s RESIDENT WILSON is a living contraTo permit the private ownership of railBy Job Harriman roads, and to prevent the owner from saying diction. He has endeavored to the very best of his ability to keep this country what he wiH pay is a glaring contradiction. out of war. and at the same time to preserve capitalism. It is out of the effort on the part of the employes to raise He has, likewise, endeavored to preserve the private owner- their wa·ges that the conflict arises. The workmen think more ship of the railroads and at the same time to avoid a strike. of their lives than of the profits of their masters. As their Had he understood the nature of capitalism he would not wages are lowered, their standard of living is lowered. have taken either of these Profits are not their sole ridiculous and contradictory · consideration. They struggle PROGRAM OF THE SOCIALIST PARTY OF CALIFORNIA positions. for a high wage which means (Adopted at the State Convention held at Fresno, Feb. 17-19) He is sincere. He has a a high standard of living. The I. State ownership and management of the water power and wonderful fund of knowledge. owner struggles for large telephone systems of this state. ~ But statesmanship requtres profits which means great eco2. Packing houses, cold storage plants, Rour mills, and granaries to be built, owned, and operated at cost by the state at all more than sincerity and nomic power. Therein lies the practicable points. knowledge. It requires underclash of interests. These facts 3. State·wide freight and passenger automobile service to be owned and operated by the state at cost. standing. are as fixed as capitalism. 4. Freight and passenger steamship line plying between both Capitalism has grown out They are inherent in capitalhome and foreign ports, to be owned and operated by the state at cost. of the private ownership and ism. These two interests are 5. State to market all products at cost to producers. unrestricted control and manin constant conflict, in a con6. Single tax. 7. Migratory voting law permitting the casting of ballets at any agement of productive indusstant state of hostilites, with point the voter may be on election day. tries, to the end that the ownnow and then a ffag of truce 8. Proportional representation and social insurance. flying. er shall take and keep as his If Wilson knew this, he own all the proceeds over and would also know that the government must own the railroads, above the actu'll cost of production. Absolute control and management and the right to the and that adjustment of wages must be made consistent with the fruits is the essence of oar industrial system. This idea pre- standard of living or that the war between the owners and the workman must go on. vails everywhere. Our government is a composite of capitalist institutions. All It is because of this theory that every strike is thought to be an invasion upon the rights of the owner and proprietor. our laws are made to protect these institutions. Complete conIt is urged that the owner has a right to buy labor as trol and management is guaranteed except where the governcheaply as he can. But he and starvation are partners, to ment interferes in behalf of the owners. The interference is the end that wages may be lowered and profits raised. Profits in their behalf only when the workman becomes more powerful is the sole consideration. Human life is JlOt considered ex- than the owners. The government becomes the partner of cept to increase profits. Wages are increased, or hours short- the owner and the military force is his right arm. ened, only when such a course enhances profits. This is the If the law contains any provision contradictory to this it will philosophy of capitalism and its very existence depends upo:1 not be enforced. The profits would be jeopardized, and the the carrying out of that philosophy. purpo:~e . of the institution thwarted. �Editorials Page six HE income tax collected for 1915 amounted to eighty · million dollars. There should have been four hundred million dollars collected. This loss amounts to t~ree hundred and twenty million dollars. Ordinarily the data is kept under lock and key in Washington's ·•secret closet." We may say there has been at least one substantial answer to a prayer in a secret closet. T --o-- A RM our merchant marine? For what? . First: That some of our ships may be sunk to the bottom of the sea. Second: To open the gates to th~ world battlefiel~ that we may enter. . Third: That there may be shipped from our already depleted larder, still more food to one belligerent while he kills the other. Who is it that would not starve his enemy in order to escape death himself? Did not England lay mines in the North Sea to prevent neutral merchant ships 'from carrying food to Germany? Was she not right? Is it not better to starve an enemy than to kill him? Is it not better for England to prevent the profit mongers, the scavengers of war, from reaping their ill gotten gain in the German marts than to let them reap a harvest while the English soldiers die at the hands of a well fed enemy? Whether right or wrong, lawful or unlawful , England will do that very thing as long as she has power. Her life is at stake. And what shall we say of Germany? Is it not better for her that she should sink American Merchant ships, armed or unarmed, than that they should sail heavy laden with food. to feed the English soldier, without which he would not have strength to kill the German? Is it not more humane for the German to starve the :Englishman than to kill him or to be killed? When we send food to a belligerent, whichever it may be, we make it imperative that our ships be sunk. England blockaded the north seas with mines. These seas are the ~ateway to Germany. Our ships remained away. Had they gone, and been sunk, England would have disclaimed the responsibility . . We would have lost and they would have gained. Germany has described a war zone about the allies for the same purpose. She has not planted mines but submarines. This is the highway to England. If our ships go there they will be sunk. Germany's life depends upon it. What is it that a nation will not do for its life? What is it that a nation is not justified in doing to save its life? What other justification is there for war? War is where argument and reason end and force hegins. This arguing about our rights under international law is ;ottish. Armed Neutrality! What a · sham! \ The Western Co!Jlrade If the ships are sent they will be sunk. Every one knows it. No one knows it better than, the government at Washington. Every one knows that if a German submarine deliberately sinks a United States armed merchant ship, that the people of this country will . ~lamor for war. It will be the clamor that arises out of blind passion, and our government will respond to the clamor. Citizens: We are on the verge of war. Armed neutrality is our death angel. It will sprinkle blood on your door lintels, calling for the life of your first born. . --o- 1 S this preparedness- for defense or for conquest? During the last twelve months the United States Congress has appropriated about $1,000,000,000 for a navy and about $225,000,000 for forts and for the army. The forts and the army are for defense, the navy is for conquest. There is no danger of invasion. Russia with 280,000,000 people were unable to invade Manchuria against the Japanese forces supported only by 40,000,000 people. Why was this true? Simple enough. Rus5ia was three thousand miles from her source of supplies. Japan was practically at home. Japan could, therefore, kill the Russian troops faster than they could be transported to the field of battle. Invasion from Mexico or Canada is a joke. Japan is six thousand miles away. Germany is three thousand miles away. Invasion from them is impossible. The field of battle would be too far from their source of supplies. Invasion is the mud of the political scuttle fish. It is stirred up to cloud the vision of the people. Blinded with this their fears and passions may be aroused. Thus they will be led to sacrifice their sons on the altar of mammon, a nd the other fellow will get the mammon. --o- T EN million trained fighters demanded. A universal military training bill is proposed. No nation will attack another nation with ten million trained fighters. Perhaps! But the question is: will the nation with ten million trained fighters attack the other fellow? -·----0-"THIS country produced 400,000,000 fewer bushels of corn in 1916 than in 1915; of wheat 400,000,000 fewer bushels ; of oats, 200,000,000 fewer bushels; of barley, 50,000,000 fewer bushels; of potatoes, I 00,000,000 fewer bushels. In these five crops the crop was down 1,150,000,000 bushels." The government at Washington knew this fact. Yet there has been no embargo placed upon the exportation of food stuffs. The scarcity resulting from this underproduction for 1916 is being assigned as the cause of high prices. There would have been an abundant supply for all our �The Western Comrade Editorials Page seven If our ships of co~erce have not that power, then arm them with guns and then we will be RIGI-IT. If a man smite you on one cb~;ek, grab a cartridge, snatch a sword, thrust him through and through with a bayonet and you will have quietude. BUT WILL YOU HAVE PEACE? WILL YOU BE RIGI-IT? -oHEN such men as Charles Edward Russell, Ghent, Sinclair and Spargo advocate preparedness, it is time that the Socialist movement call for a postmortem examination t(\ ascertain whether or not the spirit of Socialism is dead. We cannot doubt the honesty of these ' men. We have known them too long to question their integrity. How the war spirit could have entered their 'great souls and put to High the spirit of Socialism will always remain a mystery. Some of the arguments that are advanced are so astounding -othat one feels that they have entirely forgotten the science HE world has gone mad. Ambition, greed, hatred and and philosophy of Socialism and reverted to the jungles of revenge are engulfing all peoples. Under their deadly capitalism from which we all came. ban all nations are warring or preparing for war. Each In a recent address one of them said that "the life of this nation is ambitious to gain more power. Each is greedy nation depended upon the defeat of the centri~-1 powers," that for the prospective profits that might arise from ali enlarged if Germany was victorious and the German people thereafter commerce. Each is hateful and revengeful toward all who should revolt against German militarism, that the Russian govinterfere with her greed and ambition. And all are entering ernment would lend her armies to the support of the German a titanic struggle to spill each dther's blood. government against the German people. We are preparing to go and do likewise. We are told Suppose the situation were reversed, would not the Gerthat our "National honor" is at stake, that international law man government lend its arms to the Russian government is being violated, and that our rights that are guaranteed against the Russian people. by international law are being infringed. If the Irish revolution that was so brutally crushed last year Honor- Rights- International law! What a travesty! by English arms, had spread throughout the British Isles, There is no international law. There was,- but there would ndt the Russian government have lent its armies to is no more. England to suppress the English, Irish, and Scotch people? International law has been erased ·from the books. The Did not Germany help crush the French Commune? Is not pages now glare blankly at us. The old law has been blotted this the history of all governments as now constituted? Is it out with blood. The new law is now being made. We may possible that these men would have us believe that one governsee it on the pages after the war is over. Until then we ment differs in character from another? shall abide by the rule of the hour; and the rule of the hour Have not the brutalities of Germany, France, England, w:ll be the line of action laid down by the dominant power. Russia, Spain, Italy, been equally ferocious? Whatever nation possesses the power, now moves as she Whatever is necessary to be done by a government to will. Who is it that shall say she shall not. If another has save its life will be, and always has been, done. sufficient power then she may stand across the pathway and All governments arise out of the labor or energy exprobid nay. But let that nation be sure of her power for without priated from the people. This power accumulates in propit there will come to her the deliverance of death while the erty. The owners of this property gather together and make powerful will move on in her course. laws to protect themselves in their privileges. They tax themThe siege gun, the field arsenal, the deadly gases, the selves to support their armies to enforce their laws. This air ship, the submarine, the sea wasp, these and other forces is what is known as government. are moving. When the war is over their movements will be This is the reason why all governments are alike, equally defined and written in a book. This will then constitute brutal and equally tyrannical whenever their privileges are our international law. in danger. Honor!-National honor! What a farce! The honor of Far be it from us to support or defend one such governthe hour is sheer power moved by ambition to conquer, and ment against the other. Fortunate indeed is it that these greed to gain the control of the world's m~rket. governments are at each other's throats. The sooner they Right! -Our international right! What is our interna- open each other's jugulars the sooner will the people be free, tional right? It is the power to sell our commodities to one The only sorrow is that millions of people are dying under this belligerent for profit while he kills the other. · terrible course. · people had an .embargo prevented the exportation of several billion bushels of food stuffs. So far was it from the intention of our governmept from placing an embargo on the exportation of food that it is now in the act of arming our merchant ships that they may carry still more food from our storehouses to kindle the flames of war. The greed for gain is so insatiable that our merchants resort to feeding our food to belligerents that they may kill; rather than permitting it to remain in our larders that we may live. We die of starvation, they of hot lead, that the merchants may reap a harvest. It is time they were driven from the market place for they have become whited sepulchres full of dead men's bones. T w �The Western Llano-Community of Ideals !rJ HE Llano del Ri? Co-operative Colony was e~ta:bl~shed in May, 1914, m Los Angeles County, Cahforma. It was undertaken by a number of Socialists, though it was in no way connected with the Socialist Comra'de By Job Harriman tion sets in, resulting from tyranny and oppression with its attendant suffering and despair. The movements are at first reforms, then they become more radical. Later they are revolutionary and finally they develop into a cataclysmic revolution, more or less violent, according to party. · A wide difference of opinion had heretofore existed among the degree of sufferi·ng. Socialists concerning the feasibility of all colonization enPolitical acti.on by those who are distressed is important to terprises, but in the time it has been established this Colony the degree that it prevents political power, arising out of the has progressed from a "utopian, chimerical idea" to a con- old institutions, from interfering with the development of the crete practicality-from a dozen dreamers to a thousand de- new institutions. The vital fact in this process is that the new institutions termined doers. The colonists have several thousand acres under cultivation are developed by the co-operation of the distressed who refuse and besides conducting extensive u.gricultural, horticultural and to bear the burdens imposed by the old. Out of such constock raising departments, they are operating a number of ditions as these the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony at industries and are building a beautiful and permanent city Llano, California, is arising. out of materials produced almost entirely by their own labor. Under the urge of the economic pressure of capitalism They also produce a large portion of the necessities of life. there has developed an unnatural and almost inhuman state Some Socialists have insisted that the powers of govern- of mind. This fact makes our problem doubly hard, because ment must be captured before any far it makes it incumbent upon us to proreaching, practical steps could be duce not only the necessaries of life, taken in the economic field, while but also to produce a new social heart of the universal conflict and mind. others were equally confident that cooperative, economic development must of interests waging in the This was taken into consideration be conducted by the workers within when the foundations of the Colony outside world, a condition has arisen were laid. It was this fact that gav.e the capitalist system. in which the physically strong and It will require more than votes to rise to our greatest apprehension. We the intellectually cunning survive. put Socialism into operation. Votknew that the call of co-operation The powerful and crafty ing is important, but industrial action would not only bring men from the succeed; the good and humane too four corners of the earth, but that is imperative. Officers may be voted out or in but every one of us would come fresh frequently go down before them. It industrial systems can neither be voted from a terrible struggle for life; a is a survival of the unfit. It is this hand to hand struggle with our fellowin nor out. terrible fact that is developing a Until a more efficient system is demen; a struggle that tends to destroy world wide hatred of the system of veloped, necessity compels that human every humane impulse; that hardens getting money and power, and domwants shall be supplied by the existing our hearts and embitters our minds, and makes us suspicious of each other. cumbersome, wasteful industrial sysinating the world by brute force." Yet we knew that this struggle was tem. The new system must be develprecisely the thing that would create oped within the old. The germ of the a desire for co-operation and prepare new is always within the old. ft must germinate and grow and then burst the hull of the old and our hearts and minds for a freer development of a social leave it to decay. The new germ thrives by its own vitality passion and for a life of mutual help, while at the same time and not becau11e the old hull decayed. The composite elements sickening us with the prevailing brutal and iniquitous besiness of the old constitute the new. When the elements of the old customs. It is from such depths that all great humanitarian movebegin to disintegrate, new combinations- new institutions begin to take their form as naturally as -water results from ments rise. These people are the material from which our a combustion of oxygen and hydrogen. future civilization will come, and by whom our institutions New institutions thus developed, move along new lines, serve are being made. Out of the universal conflict of interests waging in the outnew purposes and develop new rules of action. They are replete with energy and vitality and hence supply our necessities side world, a condition has arisen in which the physically better than the old institutions. Their power is limited only strong and the intellectually cunning survive. The heart by the number they serve. The greater advantages expand plays no part in our affairs. The powerful and crafty sucthe new institutions, while the lesser advantages contract the ceed; the good and humane too frequently go down before old, until the old succumb and pass away. them. It is a survival of the unfit. It is this terrible fact that It is our belief that primarily this is an industrial process, is developing a world wide hatred of the system of getting secondarily it is political. money and po·wer and dominating the world by brute force. Industrial action is vital, initiatory, impelling and radical. Take all you can and keep all you take. This is the creed of Political action is essentially conservative. capitalism that is poisoning the soul of humanity. The eyes of the one are toward the future. The eyes Can this be overcome by a group of people located in the of the other are toward the past. very heart of such a system, even as it affects the people By industrial action institutions are developed, while politi- in that very group? Can a new order of things be established cal action serves to protect the iastitutions as they are. in such a community out of which will grow a new social The proudest day of any institution is just before a revolu- spirit? . Can the pathway to a higher social life be blazed "OUT �T h e W e s· t e r n C o m r a d e through the thorns and thickets and swamps of capitalism? ency and is frowned upon by the community, and the greater We are convinced that humanity is neither depraved nor the antagonism the more determined the community spirit to . wicked; but rather that the hearts and minds of men would put it down. Moreover, the jealousies arid social antagonism here are be as sweet and gentle and loving as in babyhood, if the stream of life were not polluted by the vicious methods produced shallow and of short duration. The arrow. of jealousy is pointed at the successful. The successful is he who serves, and he by the universal conflict of interests. · With this firm conviction we provided that in the Llano del who serves wins the public approbation and leaves the jealous heart to sink in its own corruption. Rio community there should be : · Neither a re there In Llano- any economic privileges that give First-an equal ownership of all productive property. rise to class distinction, out of which social differences grow Second-an equal income. Out of these two provisions is arising a community of in:. and from which pride and jealousy and arrogance and all that tends to destroy the social ties draw their strength and support. terest that is far reaching and constructive. Whatever tends to unite and strengthen the , social relation Already there has resulted a complete transformation of industrial affairs a t Llano from what exists on the outside, is looked upon as a blessing. The desire for happiness is a fundamental heart longing. as we ll as a revolution in the community spirit. A desire for power and for the approbation of our fellow Music, drama and the dance! How they awaken and thrill men is among the strongest impulses of the heart. Under ~very nerve, and inspire the mind and heart to better things. [hey are the pathway to culture. We hold that all rightful capitalism, the social power of an individual is al most entirely determined by the wealth he takes from the community. This pleasures and amusements lead to culture and refinement and wealth is used as a fo rce with which to determine the social tend to sweeten and purify and unify the social spirit. It is policies a nd the policies thus determined are used to increase only the abuse of them that hurts and abuse comes only from his wealth . The approbation of at least a few, follows close their being commercialized. No greater crime could be permitted in Llano than the crime of comupon the heels of this power. Thus mercializing our amusements. It would greed and ambition grow apace, while rob us of our greatest unifying and the mind is thrilled with a sense of healing balm. The amusements bepower, and the heart hardened with "POLITICAL action by those long to the heart by right of inherbrutalities arising from its use. who are distressed is imporitance; no man shall say them nay, But in our community, where both tant to the degree that it prevents nor profit by the heart's longing. In the ownership of property and our inpolitical power, arising out of the Llano these amusements have made comes are equal, no such wealth or . old institutions, from interfering great growth and they are as free as economic power can be accumulated. with the development of the new inthe air, and the spirit of our comYet the desire for social power and for stitutions. The vital fact in this munity is sweetened by the feelings the approba tion of our fellows stili progress is that the new institutions a nd harmoni'es they inspire. exists. Indeed, this desire is keener in are developed by the co-operation the absence of the dominatin g arisWhat will be done with the indolent of the distressed who refuse to bear and the lazy? Are we quite sure that tocracy. Under such conditions, there the burdens imposed by the old. there are any really lazy or indolent is but one way by which this desire Out of these conditions the Lla no men? May not so-called indolence may be gratified and that is by renderand laziness be an appearance only, ing service to the community and to del Rio Co-operative Colony is one's fellows. The character and valand not a reality after all? We have ansmg." ue of the service rendered determines found it so. Men appear to be indolone's influence and the welcome with ent only when they are unhappy in which one is recieved. Thus a kindly their occupations. Let one be transheart and a social passion are induced and dev eloped. ferred to another field of action in which his heart, mind Whoever wins to great achievement by serving his fellow and body are thrilled by the work at hand and he· will bend men wins a peace of heart and depth of joy that are dearer every energy to his task and his task will be a joy. than ltfe to him. From such come the martyrs of the world. We must remember that the well nourished, healthy o:·It is the highest quality of service, by the keen, the alert and ganism ge nerates more energy than is required for mere existence. This surplus energy will find its escape along the efficient that wi ns. The doors to the schools, to the industries, to culture and the aven ues, mental and physical, that bring the greatest hence to efficiency are now and must ever remain open alike happiness. It is for this reason that all healthy men are to all, for with us all are eq ually interested and have eq ual willing wo rkers if only they can find congenial occupations. mcomes. These are no longer theories; they are demonstrated daily Eq ual interests, equal incomes, and equal opportunities at Llano. open the way for development of all that is good in man, and And the children, what of them? There will never be lead him to consider the welfare of the community as of primal grass so green that their playful feet may not frolic there. importance. The incentive for our actions is measured by But shall all their lives be play? They must be taught. the joy to be derived from the thing sought. Then what shall we teach and how shall it be taught? Shall these little children sit on a bench six hours a day, Whatever builds up our community seems good, for each benefits alike by its growth. Hope , aspiration. affection, friend- five day a week and be taught to memorize their books? ship, love-these are among the first boni characteristics of Shall they continue this for ten or twelve years ? What do such a community; these are the elements of growth, of social they know when they are through this course? Do they not revolt at such treatment? And their liltle power and of moral determination; these are the holy ground upon which the backbiter, the liar, the slanderer, the vilifier, bodies--do they not droop and wilt under the lifeless task? Why not open the fields and the gardens to them? How the bitter and revengeful dare not tread. Whatever tends to develop personal antipathies develops weakness and ineflici· (Continued on paae 25) �Page ten Art Art at . Llano The Western Comra'de By Myrtle Manana "I consider either drawing or modeling as superior to paint"WHAT is the object of your work, Mrs. Fox?" ing. I do not know that all artists would agree with me, but I wanted to know why that is my opinion." an artist is an artist and what the The appreciation of art in America is much less than in ideals of an artist at Llano might be. Europe, according to Mrs. Fox. Anything with color is preAre artists artists because they hap- ferred, and the little medallions which she makes and colors pen to get into that line of work are always selected by purchasers in preference to the plain or are they blessed with a vision de- white ones. This preference for color was known by ancient Greeks, who artificially colored marble statues. The apprecianied the rest of us? "My object? To get children and tion of color is probably better developed than that of form. Persons with little artistic training or perception almost inothers familiar with art and especially with modeling. I want· to teach variably ask, on seeing the beautifully modeled statuary which art. Art teaches truth. It fs a bene- is on display in the studio, "Oh, did YOU do that?" as though fit to young and old. It develops it might be beyond human skill and was of some mysterious a liking and an appreciation of truth. Modeling and drawing ongm. Things with which they are most familiar are most are helps in anything that may be taken up, especially in the admired, whether these be paintings, drawings, or modeled mechanical occupations. Art trains the eye, the hand, and objects. The process by which a Henry Dubb, or a score of red the mind. It has a quieting influence, inducing meditation and reflection. To stimulate the observative powers it is un- roses, or busts of persons are made is not clearly understood paralleled training. Art instils a love of life and of animals. by many. It seems incredible that anyone could, by mere obBut above all it develops love for truth, an appreciation of servation, mould plastic clay into a likeness, with the proportions all correct, yet without mechanical measurements things as they actually exist." For forty years Mrs. Fox has been a student of art, painting, being made. Several residents have been modeled, some as medallions, drawing and modeling. She puts modeling first, with drawin g a close second in importance. Llano is fortuuate in having others have had busts made. The sitter merely sits, assuming as one of its residents an artist of such genuine talent. More- a natural and comfortable attitude, with no particular attempt over, she is a thorough Socialist with a clear understanding of to be quiet. Posed attitudes are abhorred by Mrs. Fox, She strives to keep her sitters conversing on congenial subj ec ts. what Socialism really is. In Europe, studio-schools estimate courses at five to seven She is a true artist and catches even the expression in the clay. years. Securing an art education is not an easy thin g, nor is the path an easy one to travel, though it is interesting in th e extreme. An art course in Llano can be made complete; how long a time would be required to complete it will of course depend upon the ability of the student. But whether it is completed or not, the time spent in learning art is time used profitably. The popular conception of art is that it is a more or less useless accomplishment. But just a few minutes' conversation with Mrs. Fox will convince the doubter that art is practical , that it is valuable training, and that it has a definite place in industrial training. The purpose is to have the art MEDALLIONS OF LLANO CITIZENS are s\own on var:ous pages of this issue. Those shown here are regarded as exceptionally good likenesses and would be creditable to studio a part of the industrial any studio or to any artist. school. The work can be taken up by very small children, and the little tots in the Montessori school are even now, some of them, Therefore it is highly essential that it be a natural or char· learning to take plastic clay and mould it into more or less acteristic expression. faithful li kenesses of animals. Their conceptions are crude, of The wonderful part of it all is that the artist is able to course, yet nevertheless, the training is valuable, and they gain keep right on working after the sitter has left. It is the art a facility in the use of their fingers that cannot be gained of the artist that she is able to retain so vividly in her mind in any other way. even the expresions, the curves and the form of the face that "Which do you consider the highest form of art-painting, the finishing touches are actually added an hour or more drawing or modeling?" This was the second question on my after the model has left the studio. list. When the clay model is finished, which is perhaps in a week Mrs. Fox studied a moment before answering, (Continued on Page 28) �Th e We$1ern Comrade Why Parjs? ~ LL over the United States there ar a1ented young people to whom the one grea~ object in _ li~e is to go to Paris and study art. What ts the charm or ex~cta­ tion which lures them all so far abroad? The first surprise that greets the newcomer in Paris is the extraordinary primitiveness of living conditions in the Latin quarter. In the new sections of Paris modern plumbing, telephones, and certain delicate refinements of living which we. lack, are in general use; but the art student must go to old' Paris to get the full advantage of the art atmosphere, t1nd in old Paris you carry buckets of water from a, hydrant in the court up six flights of stairs, and live on si'mp)e fare which would be a starvation allowance in the ordinary American home. .. I shall never forget the scorn of a girl from Butte, Montana, whose sister was taken seriously ill in the night, and who was abroad in the streets fo r three hours, half-dressed, even the cabs refusing to go in the direction that she wanted, before she could reach an American doctor. "Why, iq Butte," she said, "I could have touched a button and had a doctor there in ten minutes! " And back to Butte and civilization she went. The first adjustments to different standards over, the artist temperament revels in perfectly congenial surroundings. In the La tin quarter one can stop almost anywhere, and absorb "atmosphere," and study quaint detail until some new attraction draws one further. The linger of the Middle Ages lays a touch of beauty on everything. The great artists lea rn ed a n elaborate code of harmonized irregularity which they inhe rited from tht: Greeks, and they from still earlier sources, which was lost for a couple of hundred years only to come to light again quite recently. The common people, when they put up ordinary homes and stores, had never heard of any standard of mechanical precision, which came in with the era of machine-made things and men. They let their houses grow, adapting themselves to odd angles, and altering to suit new requirements till each mediaeval building is either intentionally or accidentally a live · thing, full of personality and thought. This e nvironment of harmony at every hour of the day, everywhere, is tremendously stimulating to the beauty sense of the art-starved student, and his vision is quickened even before the real work which he has come so far to get, begins. His first step is probably to join one of the many artists' clubs now established in the "quarter." There again he encounters young people, all congenial in aspiration. Then he enters the studio from which he is to emerge a great genius and climb to heights o f dazzling fame. Alas, that talent so seldom recognizes its limitations, and trying to grasp too much. loses ev;rything. The " quarter" and other refuges for the unsuccessfuC is full of students of advanced years who still dream of the masterpiece, instead of using what talent they have constructively. In the studio another surprise awaits them. The best masters feel that they have a sacred charge in safeguarding the originality of their students. They give almost no personal instruction. They do not want students to copy their methods; they want them to develop methods of their own. They will correct a glaring mistake in d rawing and occasionally throw out a n illuminating remark, hut what they offer is the environment an~ the . opportunity. the studio, the model,- the atmosphere. If it is. in the student. this will brin3 it out; if it \. By A. ·C o .a staacre Austin is not ·t here, no rote lessons can help. One great master, Ca.rolus Duran, had just one phrase which he repeated at each easle: "C'est plus simple que cela'' {"ll is simpler than that"). Indeed, more talents are wrecked on the rock of detail than on any other obstacle. Like Yankee Doodle, "they cannot see the town, there are o many houses." So this 'is the one thing that Paris gives a student which he cannot find in the same degree elsewhere--environment; the environment of one of the great treasure houses of the world · (this, it is true, can be found in many other European cities), MRS. FOX MODELING A SUBJECT. This shows the method of modeling. The gentleman appears lo have a set expression, but this is becauae .he is being snapped by the camera and not because he is holding thi~ position for the sculptress. Though the model is not by any meana complete, the wonderful likeness is easily discernible. This has been achieved purely by observation, and though it is a source of wonderment to visitors, the artist does not COJisider it at all extraordinary. but especially the environment and association with the largest and most talented group of artists in the world. It is in the trenches now, all this young talent and enthusiasm, such part at least as has not given the last and highest token of its gratitude to the country which had offered it the nourishment of its best impulses. It is laying down its life for P aris, the Paris which so far, has led the world in originai constructive thought; the Paris which dream&-and does. That is Art in Being. ~ �Page twelve Propacanda The . New State · Executive The Western Comrade By Walter Thomas Mills T a very early day there will be a majority and a What are the advantages likely to result from such an orminority report of the recent State convention on ganization of the state executive? a new constitution for the Socialists of California subFirst: The Socialist party will immediately become absolute_ __ mitted to a referendum. In both of these proposed ly a worlci'ng class party. . constitutions there is the same proposal to reconstruct the Second: It will become a working class party, not by virtue stale executive. Whichever constitution is adopted, this plan ?f any ;e~oluti.ons o~ platforl'l) declarations, but just because will be adopted in any event. . Jts admmJstratJOn will be so controlled that it will become For this reason it is especially important that the proposal utterly impossible for the party to be anything else. shall be fully understood. This is the plan: Third: In the propaganda of the party under the direction The whole membership of the party is· to be classified, of such a committee every industrial group interest in the each member according to his occupation, in some one of the s~ate would be given proper attention and the political activifollowing groups : farmers, miners, transport workers, jnanu- ties of the party become immediately subject to the economic facturing workers, building trades, printing_ and publishing interests of the great industrial groups within which all of the trades. office, store and service workers, professional workers workers are employed. Fourth: For this re~son the Socialist party will immediately and housekeepers. Comrades employed in more than one of the above groups become, not th~ sectanan defender of some economic dogma, will determine their own classification, each to be listed once. but the champiOn of urgent economic working class interests. On completing the classification any Fifth: This arrangement will progroup having two hundred and fifty or mote party organization as could no more members within the state of Ca!other, for the reason that representaOMRADE Walter Thomas Mills fornia will elect someone of their own tion and influence in the state execunumber as a state organizer for their tive is directly dependent upon memis one of the foremost Socialown group, and this state organizer bership in the organization. With this ists in the United States. His work will by virtue of this election become plan once adopted the number requiris known in New Zealand, in Ausone of the nine members of the new ed for representation, to go into effect tralia, in England. As an orator and at an early date, would probably be state executive. thinker he is almost without a peer. For any group not having two hunmade five hundred, and later made one The Western Comrade is fortunate dred and fifty members in the whole thousand, and at each such increase state an organizer for that group will all of the party members, each acting in having Comrade Mills discuss this be elected on the general referendum through those employed in his own inclause of the new constitution for of the whole membership as heretofore. dustry would make the fight for more its readers. The adoption of the Such a member will hold office only members within his own industry and majority report was due in no small until there shall be a membership in so extend the economic battle by the measure to the eloquence of Comthat group of two hundred and fifty or very process by which he increases the rade Mills in the Convention. party membership. more, when the group will then, and thereafter, be entitled to the election Sixth: Under this arrangement no of its own organizer, who will also slate could be made up by any group become its member of the state execuof people under which arrangement tive committee, succeeding in office the member previously they could promote each other's candidacy, and so secure elected on a general referendum. control or keep control of the state executive. Each member Each member of the new executive will be elected by, and of the party will vote for but one candidate, and he will will be subject to the instruction or removal by, the members vote for a candidate to represent within the party the econof the industrial or occupational group which he represents omic interests of the industry in which he is himself employed. as soon as any such group shall have two hundred and fifty No nine candidates could possibly combine to secure support for each other, because· the comrades who would vote for members. The present membership of the party in the state is about each would have no other votes to be influenced in behalf twenty-five hundred. The number from each group (250) of any other candidates. This plan will make a state organizer out of each member is only one-tenth of the total membership. Any group not having at least two hundred and fifty members in the whole of the ·s tate executive. At the very earliest possible date it state will be required only to increase its membership in the will seek to employ all these organizers, all of the time, reparty to a number nearly equal to the present general average quiring their exclusive service for the party. of membership for each group. It is hoped at a very early day to get nine men and women, In another place in both constitutions the requirement is each equipped with an automobile and each abundantly qualmade that the local secretaries shall furnish to the state office ified for the service, who will be selected and controlled after revised lists reporting name, address, occupation and standing the above manner, and who will give their whole time to the of each member once every thr~e months, and the state office organization work. If the constitution is adopted, including will revise its lists and its classifications · accordingly. In all these special provisions, it is altogether likely that this can referendums the ballots will be posted directly to the individual be accomplished in a few months. members, and when an election involves any particular group That will mean that the Socialist party will increase in only, then ballots will be posted to those members belonging permanent membership and in real power more rapidly than to the group concerned. it has ever qone before. I C �The Western Comrade Propacanda About Socialism Page thirteen • In California To the Socialists of California, Greeting: Take heart! My comrade! The State Convention has passed into history. The Socialist party of California will soon come into its It was the most significant. gathering of Socialists ever own. Already we have assurance that the National organizaassembled in this state. It is a mile-stone on our journey tion will give substantial assistance. towards the co-operative commonwealth; a corner stone as Catch the spirit of enthusiasm and service which each comwell, for Party building. rade carried home from that convention, and go out into It presages an increased membership--a re-vitalized move- the highways and by-ways and compel the workers to come ment. It focuses the eyes of the comrades upon immediate in. Now is the accepted time. realization and achievement. The comrades of this state may well be proud of the deleIt takes us out of the maze of abstract theorizing and sum- gates they elected to represent them at the convention. We mons to definite action. rubbed elbows--many of the rough corners were knocked off The spirit manifested throughout the convention was an -we know each other better. With assurances of loyalty and comradeship. inspiration. On a number of vital points, well defined differences arose, each of which was thoroughly thrashed out, THOS. W. WILLIAMS, Yours for the final triumph, reducing same to a minimum and in many instances an enState-Sec.-T reas. tire elimination. With but few excepSome Salient Points tions, the comrades comported themselves with dignity and poise. The present herewith some of the discussion, while at times tense and salient points in favor of the Majority reason for advocating a animated, seldom fell to the plane of report passed at the convention. new form of organization personalities. I was proud to be asIt represents the position of the along more liberal lines is, briefly sociated with the group--as fine a lot great bulk of the delegates who were put, the old form is a proved failof fellows as you can find anywhere. representative of the entire state. It ure."-CAMERON H. KING. The convention decided to initiate a is not the position of any one man or number of measures, such as a "Fair "As propagandists we have failed group but presents the composite posElection Law;" a "Social Insurance and to him who would know the ition of all members of the majority. chief reason for that failure, I say Bill" providing for disemployment, It mak~ it possible to have more sickness, old age pensions, etc; anread our numerous and elaborate local autonomy on the part of the loconstitutions. I plead guilty. I helpother bill covering the Public Ownercals and the general membership. It ed to formulate a majority of them ship by the state of all public utilities. reduces the power of offi~ials to a and thought I was doing the one It also endorsed the Equity Tax league mmtmum. amendment. thing needful. But I am not a DemOne of the greatest deterrents in One of the significant acts of the ocrat- I can learn." Socialist party activity is the tying up convention proposes the re-organiza-N. A. RICHARDSON. of people having diametrically oppostion of the party, the election of the ite views along tactical lines and com"It is my opinion that the recent State Executive Committee with nine pelling these people to work together. convention will mark a milestone in members representing nine Industrial The fact is they have not worked tothe progr~ss of Socialism." divisions under the following groups: gether. They will not work together. -CHRISTIAN CHRISTENSEN farming, mining, transportation, manuThe history of the Socialist party in facturing, building trades, printing all large centres is one continuous trades, office and service employees, scrap. The majority report provides professional and housekeeping. for the people who view things alike It is also provided that all new members joining the party and hold to certain lines of activity, to work together and do pay an initial payment of $1.00 covering three month's dues constructive service to Secialsm. If one group leans to politiin advance and pay 25c for ·a yearly subscription to the State cal action it can take out a charter and gather together all who Bulletin which will be published monthly. Sixty cents of the may hold similar views. These comrades try out their theories money thus received from each new member to be applied without engaging_ in an endless squabble with those who differ. to a State organization fur.d. The Majority report makes co-operation possible within the Biennial Conventions are provided for. party and abolishes the law of the jungle. It will not be Things never looked brighter, and the future is pregnant possible for a small group of men to get control of the party with possibilities. as the party management will be in the hands of the rank and The comrades are closer together than ever before. Our file. movement, from now on, will go forward by leaps and bounds. The old plan has proven a failure all over the United States. Our membership will be enormously increased if, as the con- Let the disrupted locals in practically very large center in the vention proposed, we place nine different organizers, each nation give evidence. Conditions can not be worse than they representing an industrial group, in the fierd organizing, each are unless we disband altogether. We therefore ask the comgiving his or her entire time and attention to bringing into the rades through the state to vote for the majority report and let movement workers in his particular line of industry. us try it out. We have everything to gain and nothing to lose The divisions of years will be dissipated and the Cl)mrade~ except a long record of Inefficiency for which we are duly will line up as one invincible body to do battle with the ashamed. . · common enemy, capitalism. The adoption of the majority report on the constitution will Our call is to the discouraged and disheartened. be a red letter day in the history of the Socialist party. "MY .. �The Western Page fourteen The Socialist City "We in the United States have not as yet made our cities dear with the spell of art, with windows into the past, and all the varied riches of the older and more gardened civilizations. Our towns are more like camping out, so that their treasures are rather in neighborly life, and for these things the bubbling subways and skyscrapers of Wallstreetville are no recompense whatever. Do you happen to have a time-table with you?" - Colliers. Comrad e By A. Constance Austin accustomed. The United States is very vast. There are a few fine pictures here but they are buried in museums and private collections which not one citizen in a hundred thousand ever sees, and that one only for a brief period, and perhaps only once. There are a few, a very few, fine buildings, but even in New York the ~chool children do not spend much of their time playing in front of St. John the Divine, or the City Hall. 0 one ever heard of a European What they absorb i$ the stupid vacuity of the resident streets, artist coming to New York or or the degrading hideousness of the slums. Broadly speaking, Chicago to paint the beaufies of the American child is formed by ugly streets, ugly houses, business or residence district~. but uglyr-fu-initure, ugly "pictures," and ugly Sunday supplements, nothing is commoner than the artist's unti~ all idea of beauty becomes foreign to him. easle perched in some possibly illThis question of creating an environment is being taken up smelling but irresistibly picturesque corner of a European city. It is true with r;nuch enthusiasm all over the country. Fine architecture that Joseph Pennell makes wonder- cannot be turned out by the mile by factory methods, but ful etchings of New York "canyons," much has been done in the way of developing natural beauty, but then he also makes wonderful in laying out suburbs on contour lines, and establishing careetchings of the inside of m~chine fully planned parking systems. Very few Americans as yet shops. Rembrandt also could make have learned that it is worth while to put thousands of dollars wonderful pictures of extremely ugly old women. Anyone into a work of art. If the money that some women spend on who knows how to handle light and shade dramatically and dress could be diverted into pictures, what a sudden change has the patience to wait for just the right illumination could there would be in the atmosphere of the homes of the wealthy. In Llano we expect to meet make a wonderful picture of a many of these problems. There cook stove. However, from the will be no neglected waste spaces, point of view of the a rtist the a nd no really bad construction will American city does not exist. The Slaves be possible, for no individual can Now everyone knows that the VAST, pervading multitude, they walk over- rule the will of the coma rtist is a n unbusinesslike person Throughout the earth with weary, solemn tread; munity. The elimination of the whose opinion has no possible imThey li ve--but lo! before my ken there fiock oppressive features of the struggle portance to city fathers. But eduThe greater legions of the ages' dead, for life is attracting artists, who cators a nd parents are beginning Who. passing by in vision, seem to mock Our lines of battle and our lines of bread. will be in very much the position to regret the elimination of artists here that artists held in the creafrom civic life. Parents, of The slaves of cenluries, dispised, reviledtive period of the Middle Ages, c:ourse, want the best there is for These spectre millions make their anguished moan In pleading accents : "We were once beguiled when every great nobleman contheir children and this "art" busiLike you who live; alas! had we but known ness is getting to be a fashionable sidered it a part of the dignity of Our latent power. we had lived and smiled his position to surround himself fad . The teachers on the other Through virile years, to reap where we had sown. with a nd support men of genius h and have been trying to give the "'Because o f igno rance we were oppressed ; who added lustre to his court. children some elementary notion We did not reck the heart-destroying price Llano will be proud to welcome of what art is by means of an Our babes must pay for our accursed bequest a mong her citizens those who will occasional lecture and some prints, or bondage, poverty. disease and vice. Or we had risen with a conquering zest fill her homes and public buildings and have found their efforts largeTo build for them, instead, a paradise. with really first class sculpture and ly futile. Some large cities have painting. It is now possible for adequate museums and _picture "Shall ye. too, leave a heritage of blight To curse your sons and daughters with your woe? ~alleries, and can do serious work, a colonist to get a beautiful Nay. seek to learn that ye may give them light but art in a museum makes small portrait bust or medallion, the To sci their souls with love and truth aglow, work of our very talented comrade appeal to the untrained mind; it And dissipate forever this dark night, Mrs. Fox, in exchange for colony lacks setting. Tha t they its horrors nevermore may know." credit cheques; so that already T h e fundamental difficulty The dream is sped; the great, remorseful th rong any working man can have one or against which the best educational Have ceased lamenting. and the voice is still; more specimens of real art in his efforts struggle in vain, is environThe nameless host who drudged thro ugh eons longment. Children's minds absorb home. Later great pains will be Their unmarked graves the dust of every hilltaken to decorate the schools with Exploited. driven low by want and wrong, and reproduce environment autoHave all succumbed to one swift Reaper's will. carefully selected examples of the matically and inevitably, and a little casual instruction in school best old masters. The serfs of ages !- working, fighting. dead I may help them to say the correct The earth is tarnished with the scarlet slam So here the problem of enor martyred loilen--Oh, the stain is red! vironment is being met. The unthing, on occasion, but does not Hark ! ye who bound men down for sordid gain, earthly beauty of the setting of effect their m e n t a I processes. And know that while your victims toil~ and bled, our dream city makes a notable When they come to choose a picYour souls were branded with the guilt of Cain! ture or build a house they will impression on the most atrophied select something to which they are (Continued on Page 28) N A �The We s t er n Women's Comrade Department Concerning ·B abies Page 6fteer. . By Prudence · s. Brown I ; - --~ AM responding to a call for a contribution to the than too soft a~mattress, as the little muscles strengthen thems.elves against this natural resistance. When our little one ! 1 Women's Department of the Western Comrade, and I . I have decided to begin a series of short talks, the first begins to struggle to creep, place him in a keeper, a little to be a sort of defense of those wee things that can fence, so that he may be safe from falling, yet free to move make no protest beyond a cry. about. His interest in self-education is being born and his I shall base my defense upon Dr. Marie Montessori's method instincts for activity are a sufficient st.mulus. Is there anything so thrilling as the baby's innate efforts? and shall quote freely from her writings. If we understood the needs of babies, there would be very Watch that pretty head stretching upward, his back bowing little crying, and it is very encouraging to note that we are and curving, his arms and legs stretching, reaching and graspcoming to ourselves. and are beginning to follow definite rules ing, his enthusiastic "screeches · of joy and exultation as he of chiid hygiene. This is not because we mothers and grand- feels w1thin him each new impulse of power, and then trust mothers lo ve our children better than our mothers and grand- · Mother Nature to straighten· his legs and· shape his nose and mothers lo ved theirs, but because science has finally entered cars." Ponder all these fascinating antics of a baby in your the sacred domain of the nursery, and has established there heart but don't talk incessantly about how cunning he is. And accurate methods of feeding, dressing, and caring for infants. above all, refrain from calling other people to look at each new A hundred ge nerations of mothers re ady to lay down their lives trick. How intelligent our baby is! He knows what you in love for their babies did not discover the fatal effect of mean long before he understands your words, and would unscalded milk bottles, and babies were poisoned by the thous- you keep him sweet and unspoiled you must be seemingly divinely indifferent and most wisely a nds. "The child was wrapped in occupied with anything else but swaddlin g clothes to avoid crooked him. Let me not seem cold legs. his tongue was clipped that he and uninterested in our baby. I am might some day talk, he wore a cap to "KING COAL" so interested that I could sacrifice the keep his ears from standitig out, his HE new book by Upton Sinclair, personal luxury of making too much nose was stroked to make it grow long begins running in the LLANO over him in · order to give him to himand slender, and not remain too short self and his own inner peace and poise. and stumpy. Gold ear-rings were COLONIST this month. It is the Dr. Montessori says the method of forced through his ears to make his story of the Colorado coalfields, and education that she has worked out "is sight keener. In the first months, at is told with the dramatic action with a defense and a fortification of the ina time of life when the nerve paths which Comrade Sinclair invests his ner life of the child" and it will be my are not yet developed and it is imposstories of modern industry. Right pleasure in my next article to give fursible for the child to co-ord1nate his to run this new book in the Colonist ther means of response to this inner movements, mothers would waste sevwas secured through the good ofeffort of the little baby toward edueral half-hours a day trying to teach fices of Comrade Sinclair. It is recating himself. the child to walk. They held the baby The new concepts of science as regarded as his best work- by many, by his body and used the disordered gards the care of children have been movements of the little feet to delude even superior to "The Jun gle." wholly confined to the physical hygiene themselves into thinking that these and care of the child. Dr. Montessori were the beginning of walking, and beis . the· first scientist to define the inner cause the child began little by little to put one foot in front of the other, and to gain confidence in life directly. However, we all know that the inner life is very the use of his feet, the mofhers attributed all his progress to dependent upon the physical condition and we cannot pay too high a tribute to the scientific people who have given us a their previous efforts." These were more than futile attempts at aiding the child's positive and accurate physical hygiene. It was a scientist working alone in his laboratory who redevelopment. Science first of all uttered the firm conviction that nature deemed childhood from the untrained nurse girl; the rickety herself sees to determining the shape of the head, nose and cradles; swadling clothes; ,night caps. Indeed, science has created an entirely new world for the ears; that man will talk without having his tongue clipped; that the legs will grow straight naturally; also that the baby, "intelligent, clean and pleasant," and we see infant morfunction of deambulation is established in nature and cannot tality diminishing in direct proportion to the diffusion of the be assisted. rules of child hygiene. In advising this divine indlfference I do not want any one These facts are now established and a great responsibility is removed. What a joy to leave all this to good Mother to think that I would not at all times let the child feel my Nature, and to occupy ourselves in the pursuit of ways and tenderest .affection. There is a vast difference between abanmeans to free the child and then to quietly assist at the miracle doning a child and freeing him. Dr. Montessori says: "The criterion of liberty is not one of of his natural development. How can we free these little ones? Certainly not by bother- abandoning the child but by leading us from illusion to truth. ing them and jouncing them and rocking them; shaking toys it points the way to the positive and most efficacious way of in their faces and keeping the light burning nights, and giving caring for children," and I would add, of relieving the mother from the fatigue of catering to the fallaci'ous whims of the them tastes of things we eat. The child w1th his limbs free and -in a comfortably· warm child. Dr. L. Emmet Holt has given us a book on the physical care place should be left much of the time to himself to kick and roll and exercise as nature demands. Better a firm, hard bed, of the little child that is most invaluable to mothers. T . ' Jolit...! .... �Learning by D FM A. I hate school. I wisht vacation would come and last for a thousand years." The boy who made that heartfelt remar~ didn't go to. school to lear!~ _ _ _ He went because he was compelled to go. His- fervent desue for a vacation that would be a millenium has been echoed in one form or another by nearly every boy who ever went to grammar school, and undoubtedly; by most of the girls. This particular boy saw no reason why he should go to school day after day, to spend dreary hours in an uncomfortable seat studying meaningless things out of uninteresting books. He detested grammar because it seemed to have no relation to The . teacher pointed out various mistakes in his anything in his daily life. spoken English, but as his speech was perfectly intelligible to his playmates, there seemed no valid reason for spending valuable hours poring over a book to learn why he should say "isn't" instead of "ain't" when the latter was much more popular and was thoroughly understood. Neither did there seem to be any use in learning how to measure lumber, or the number of quarts in a bushel, or about surveyor's measure. He never used them, never saw anyone who did. Therefore school bored him unutterably. Geography was just another scheme of wasting his time. So was "word'nalsis," and spelling, and history, though there was more interest in history. He wanted to be outside DOING something. He wanted to do things, not merely read how to do them. It was a long time before "educators" even noticed that the boy who left school before fi nishing frequently made the greatest success of life. After they noticed it, they failed to get its meaning. Finally there was the dawn of an idea. It spread. Now educators are beginning to connect up with facts. Disdaining theories and precedents for the time, some of them are pioneering, and have even had the hardihood to suggest that the public school system is WRONG. Wrong in theory, wrong in application, wrong in results. About a y~ar and a half after the Llano del Rio Colony was formed, the Industrial school began to take form. It was slow at first. There was no equipment, no precedent, inadequate housing, no teachers. George T. Pickett took a group of boys and suggested that they do something to "show the rest of the Colony." The idea was popular with fhe boys. They took hold. Some of them soon lost interest, but enough remained to form the "Sierra Madre Colony," or the junior colony. It has grown steadily. Now it has a house, foundation for a clubhouse, several tents, a barn of stone and wood, and many acres of gardens, besides a good poultry house. The boys cleared most of the land, hauled materials, built buildings. They have horses, and cows, and pigs, goats and sheep and chickens, turkeys and guinea pigs and pets. They have wa;gons and tools. They have trans£ormed a sage-brush and greas-ewood wast-e ,into some of the most valuable land ,jn the Colony. They have added thousands of dollars to the wealth of 'the ·Colony. . But the purpose of the school was not to make money. It was to make citizens. • �The Wesle,. Co rade Elacatiaa Attractive Way Its purpose is not to show that boys can earn their own way, but to show the boya h to 00 things. It is to educate. The boys have enjoyed "learning by doing." When the number of boys who live at the school became o gre t that it wa time to provide new quarters for them, they hauled stone and with the help of Comrados Ferguson and West, built a stone barn with a wooden superstructure. The upper portion is their dormitory. They made the beds. Their workshop i in connection with thi building. They hauled poles from the mountains to do part of the timb ring. \Vith their own horses and wagons they made trips to the timber, cut the poles, load d them onto the wagons and brought them down to their school. They were "learning by doing." It was not the learning of how to cut poles or haul them, but the learning of independence and resourcefulness and confidence. The boys used to have to haul water or carry it. Horses, cattle and goats were led to water. They decided that a water system would be a great convenience. Pipe was procured, a cistern dug, a filter put in, pipe laid for several hundred feet, faucets installed, and now they have "city water." At the time this is being written they have sixteen acres of garden planted, seven acres of which is partly up. Beets, parsnips, carrots, onions, lettuce, cabbage, radiahea and greens will soon be ready for use. Sweet potatoes, tomatoes and cauliflower have been planted in their hot beds. They · expect to have more than one hundred acres of garden in all this season. When other work is well caught up, tho boys work on the club house. This ia .. a dreams of theirs and some day they will realize it. More urgent things have interfered' and it is still only a foundation. But in the wait they have grown fastidious, and now they are hauling sandstone which they are fitting together for a portion of the work. Even with their inadequate equipment, with their makeshifts, with their lack of almost everything they should have, the boys have made progreas. PerhapJ their necessity has stimulated their resourcefulness. At any rate, they have done wondert. But the girls have also learned. Mrs. Pickett has taken them in hand and they have been taught housework. One of the domestic arts acquired by them hat been quilt-making. But with the "learning by doing" has gone grammar school training. Comrade• Miss Austin, Mrs. Smith, John Shafer, Bert Staple•. We1ley Zornes, with Mr. and Mrs. Pickett, and others at various times, have taken up the teaching. The curriculum has been extensive, including music, botany, agriculture, langu.ases, horticulture, do~JJ.o estic science. arithmetic. grammar, hisu:..-y, geograhphy, writing, spelling. literature, ek. The underlying principle is to have the children 00 things. It hat bun found that there is no difficulty at all in teaching the use of various arithmetical tabJeJ and formulas when the work under way require& its use. Moreover. when leannd in tb' way it is remembered. It has a reason. The study of entymology becmna fa.c:ina ' when it takes up the life of destructive insects which are making havoc ,nth the pnleo and deserve extermination. It is remembrred. too. When the me of the r and saw is acquired by wwking on a bed which is to be used. the {u ' DD P'Je 28) �Education Page eighteen Th e A H urn ani tarian Work By Joe F. -- ~ F I were asked to define "humanitarian," I should say: W es tern Comrade Sullivan '~ By our humanitarian help they- these 300,000 crippled "T0 aid our fellowman in securing justice, liberty, children of this generation and the millions of the generations love _and equal!ty in al! th!ng~ necessa_ry to health, to be-would in this way be placed on a basis of actual ___ happmess and hfe ; to atd htm m becommg our equal equality, educationally, morally, and industrially with the other physically, morally a nd educationally; to aid him in attaining classes now educated and cared for by the state. Consequenta fair success, which essentially depends upon healthy environ- ly, health, happiness and life worth while would be theirs, ment, ample opportunity, proper relation to life and a hope instead of the now commonly known mendicancy, pauperism, and helplessness. for the future- to do this is humanitarian." And if I were asked to point out an e-xcellent and unw,~ked Our humanitarian efforts would result in taking the little lieid where the immediate and effective exercise of a true cripples off the streets and out of the alleys, out of the povertystricken homes and the money-swamped mansions, and placing hum a nitari~n spirit would result in aiding a certain negle~ted clas; to dchieve and profit by all the above named esseutials them in specially built hospital-schools, erected and maintained of humanita ria nism, I should certainly point out the big field by the state on their pro-ra!a of the school tax, where their which, in my opinion, is in more urgent need of immediate crumpled and crooked limbs would be straightened and their a ttention than a ny other of like nature- the education of minds a nd morals would be attended to in the best way known crippled children in trades a nd professions suited to their to huma nitarian civilization and refinement. Thus they would menta l and physical capabilities, to the extent that they may get the healthy environment. By giving them an equal chance with the strong to cultivate become self-supportin g a nd independent crippled citizens and develop their minds; by rather tha n become miserteaching them trades and able and dependent crippl ed professions, according t o cha rges. I ha ve no doubt o f the their aptitude and enabling A Good Covenant humanitaria nism o f libera tthem to go out in life and WILL start anew this mo rn ing, w ith a lighte r, fairer c reed; ing approxima tely 300 ,000 become producers instead of I v>ill cease to ' land compla ining at my ruthless neighbor's mental a nd physical sla ves parasites ; by making them g reed ; who today compose the realize that it is the dynamic I will cease to sit repining when my du ty' s call is clear ; great and growing class o f power instead of the brute I will was te no moment whining, a nd my heart w ill know no fear. negiected crippled children or physical force with which I will look some times about me fo r the things tha t merit praise; of this country, for whom man has to deal this day. I will search fo r hidden beauties tha t elude the grumbler's gaze. not one single state has seen an ample opportunity would I will try to find contentment in the pa ths I ha ve to tread ; fit to provide educationally, be had. I will cease to have resentment when a nother moves ahead. in spite of the fact tha t each By the intimate associaI will not be swayed by envy when my rival's strength is shown ; state constitution plainly tion with the strong and I will not deny his me rits, but will strive to p rove my own. and amply provides for their with the relined, a nd with I will try to see the beauties spread befo re me, ra in or shine. education just as it does for those who look upon them I will cease to preach your duty. and be mo re concerned w ith mine. the free education of the as being human with souls, normal child, the deaf. with hearts, with minds. E. S. Kiser, in the " Baltimo re Sun ." dumb and blind, the incorwith ambitions and with rigible, the orphan , feeblepossibilities instead of being de form ed creatures of inminded, and foreigner. The millions of dollars collected annually as school tax and fe riority; by being trea ted as if their country recognized them apportioned according to the number of children of school age as citizens ra ther tha n burdensome cha rges and that this and intended for the education of the little cripples, a re mis- recognition was just a nd right, and free from pity a nd charity appropriated by the school authorities of every state who use --in this way they would get the proper relation to life. it to pay for the expense of educating the other classes, instead And after all these had been achieved, after all this justice, of using it for the special education of the criopled c 1•;ldrcn this liberty, this love , this equality, this health, happiness ~nd for whom it was apportioned on a per capita basis. To usc life, this healthy environment, this ample opportunity, this our humanitarian influence to rid the country of this colossal proper relation to life , there would be excellent grounds fo r wrong and substitute instead a n effective special educationa l their hope for the future. system, including special school building and accommodations, And the result : Humanita ria nism would score a lasting victory in the ultima te success of these thousands of wronged a nd would result in justice for the thousands of cripples. And as a direct and worthwhile result of that justice, the robbed crippled children who compose the entirely neglected crippled children, who are now actual mental slaves without class of human unfortunates of this great country that poses even the usual and valuable muscle to rely on for self-support, as the "home of the free and the land of the brave." ,. would secure the long-looked-for liberty, which would mean a new freedom for them in the years before them- an indepen" King Solomon and King Da vid lived ve ry nau ~hty lives; dence that r-0\fld make them citizens of inestimable value. They enjoyed themselves exceedingly. with an awful lo t of wi ves, Thus the s~uring of justice and liberty would so brighten Tlut, when old age came c reeping on, they experienced inwa rd qualms ; SoSolomon w ro te the Proverbs and David wro te the Psalms." and beautify their lives and works that they would love a nd ,. be loved, hence they would know the meaning of love instead We count men bra ve who o n land and wave fear no t to die--but still, ~~_li:~:ing the awful and degrading effects of empty pity. Still, first on the rolls o f the wo rld's great souls are the men who have - I I .. .. .. .. •Managing Editor The Van Leuven Browne National Magazine, Detroit. feared to kill. �The Western Comrade Education The. Federal Child Labor Law eI ---1 HILD Labor Day was observed again this year (Jan- Page nineteen By Florence •· Taylor* industry and business acumen, is learning far more of vice uary 28) as a reminder of the fact that the child than he is of business. It does not take him long to find out labor problem is still of such magnitude as to require that deceit brings in larger returns than hone'sty so he begs _ _ _ that a special day in the year be set aside for a people to "buy hi's last" paper" when he has plenty more hidnation-wide consideration of it. den around the corner, or he begs for a nickle because he The significance of the federal child labor law in the move- "didn't have no dinner," or he tells the customer who gives ment for child labor reform can not be over-emphasized, but him a nickle or dime that he has no change. These methods it is not by any means the end of the fight. The great value of making money, and many others, he learns from the older of the law lies not so much in the number of children it affects newsboys who are his constant companions. He learns to for they are a small proportion of all the children gainfully gamble and pick pockets; he learns to go into saloons with employed in the country, but in the fact that it makes uniform his papers because "de drunks make de best customers"· in the laws of the forty-eight .states, sets standards for the states fact he learns innumerable bad habits to which the child in to follow in the industries that are not rea.:hed by the federal the fa~tory is never exposed. Yet little attention has been law, and makes possible more effectgiven to the street traders and only ive enforcement because the prosone stale in the Union-Kentucky-ecution of violators will be in the ~as a law adequate for their protechands of federal courts ra ther than tion. Kentucky has a 14-year limit in the hands of local peace officers, f~r all boys in street trades ( 18 for as is the case with state child labor gtrls) but there are 28 states which do not regulate street traders at all. laws. The scope of the federal law is and there are 20 states which have limited to industries which ship good, standards lower than Kentucky's. in interstate commerce since ConThe largest group of children who gress has no power to regulate in- , will not be reached by the federal dustries whose business is done enl~w are tiwse employed on the farms. tirely within the state. Children emThere are 1.419,098 of them and 18 ployed in factories, canneries, mines, per cent of them are working for and other establishments which proother than their own parents. The duce goods for interstate commerce National Child Labor Committee has will be protected by the 14-year limit recently begun an exhaustive investi(16 years in mines) , 8-hour day, and gation of the agricultural child laborprohibition of night work, established ers and its findings show that this by the federal law. But children so form of child labor is greatly in need employed number only about 150,of regulation. The effect the work 000 children, as against 1,850,000 has on school attendance has so far children who are employed in indusbeen the most important of the comtries of a local character. mittee's findings. Even in states It is these children on whom the where there is a good compulsory MEDALLION MODELED FROM A PICTURE. emphasis is laid on Child Labor day. education law, no attempt is made M~ny of the objects on display have been The inclination to consider the child to enforce it in the agricultural di'smodeled from prints or photos when suitlabor problem at an end with th~: tricls. The idea prevails everywhere able originals are not easily obtainable. The passage of the· federal law must be that school is subordinate to crops deer shown here is an example of this work. changed to a realization that the fedand when the crops need attention eral law is merely the tool with which the children are taken out of school to do the rest. !:.i;;;;===============-;;;-;;; -..,;-;;-~ to attend them. In the sugar-beet Why should not the child in the !listricts of Colorado, 5000 children store receive the same protection as the child in the factory? under 16 lose from 2 to 22 weeks of school annually because The New York state factory investigating commission found of their work in the fields. One superintendent wrote to the that store work involved as great fatigue and as severe nervous National Child Labor Committee this fall that not a single strain as factory work a nd saw no reason for any discrimina- child who worked in the beet fields had returned to school by tion in favor of the stores. While the work in the smaller November 20 and that none were expected before the middle stores may not require the employee to work at the tension of of December. Some schools do not open at all for several the large department store, the small store is usually the great- weeks after the beginning of the school year because there er offender in the matter of overwork. A boy in Springfield, are no children to attend-they are "in the beets." The effect Ill., was employed 85 hours every other week in a drug store of this lack of schooling is very evident from the per cent of and the five and ten cent stores are notorious for the long retardation which in every school studied was higher for the hours of work required of their employees. beet workers than for the non beet workers; in some cases The child in the factory works under supervision. The child sixty-eight per cent higher. on the street works for no master and consequently is not conSpecial material on Child Labor in your State will be sent sidered in need of protection. But is the street a proper place on request to the National Child Labor Committee, 105 East for an unsupervised child? The newsboy who is always re- 22nd Street, New York City. garded as an independent merchant, to be admired for his "Pub)i~ation Secretary, National Child Labor Committee. �M asi~ Page twenty Mechanics of Music T HE use of such a title will seem a sacrilege to some. Others may shrug their shoulders at the seeming absurdity of using the two words in the above connection. Yet fact is sometimes stranger than fiction and the fact remains that music is the most exquisite complexity of mech-· anics and . mathematics that can be imagined. (I must include mathematics also). l It has been said that the artist is the person who can take the mechanics out of music and while this is seemingly true, he is really the person who has such a deep and intuitive knowledge of these fundamentals that it gives him complete control of all the subtleties of music. By means of his mastery of them he can sway audiences to feel the deepest and most inexpressible emotions, or lash them to the highest passions. When I say mecha nics of music I do not wish to be misunderstood as describing the mechanical players of various sort~ with which we a re all familiar. Some of them arc mecha nic01l ma rvels, but musically they still fall far short of the ideal. In the last analysis, music is simply matter in motion, and a~ such it must follow absolutely and invariably the immutable laws of mechanics. It mi~~:ht also be said that in the last analysis life itself is matte~ in motion , and it can be claimed that music may be a manifestation of life, but at least we know that there is a very subtle connection between music and life itself. Its effect on the vital forces of our natures is marvelous and this effect is being studied and utilized of late years with wonderful results. Ask yourself what music is, and you will find the simplest answer to be : Tone set to rythm. What i·s a tone? A sound whose phenomena has a regularity and definite manner of occurrence. What is a sound? A vibratory condition of the atmosphP.re or a condition in which the particles move back and forth at such a rate that it affects the ea r. There we have it at last. Matter in motion, and the tones are pleasing only when the motion is harmonic. Now harmonic motion is motion which follows the most exact mathemati-:al and mechanical requirements. A body to be in harmonic motion must move in a certain specific way, whether it is a particle of atmosphere moving at a high rate of motion, or the piston of a huge engine moving at a much slower pace and driving the ma,chinery of modern industry. It must star t from rest, increase its speed at a definite rate until maxim urn is reached, then diminish its speed at a certain definite rate until it comes to rest. Then it must reverse its direction, and go through the same cycle of increase and decrease, and it must keep this up without the slightest vanahon. This the particle of atmosphere must do when tone is produced. Viewed in this light, one simple, single tone becomes a complex study of mechanic<ll and mathematical laws, and it is only a beginning. We have only considered one tone. Each change in the numbe:; of vibrations per second of the atmosphere produces a separ·ate and distinct new tone even if illiiliilill•• Th e West e rn Com ra d e By L. W. Millsap, Jr. the change is only a fraction of a vibration per second. So between the extremes which we can recognize there is an almost unlimited number of separate tones. Custom has determined the rule of using only twelve of these tones, and this doubles to produce all of our music with, and mathematics again determines our choice of these twelve. These twelve we call the chromatic scale. Out of these twelve we again select eight related tones which we call a major scale. We can make other selections of eight related differently, which we call minor scales. It is the relation of their vibration rates that is important. For instance, the first tone of the major scale can have any vibration rate that we wish to choose out of thousands, but when we choose the second one, it is mathematics that rigidly determines our choice of the second tone that must vibrate nine times while the first one vibrates eight times. The third one must vibrate five times, while the first vibrates four. The fourth must vibrate four times while the first vibrates three. The fifth tone must vibrate three times while the first vibrates two. The sixth must vibrate five times while the first vibrates three. The seventh must vibrate fifteen times while the first vibrates eight. The eighth tone or octave is simply a double of the first; that is, it vibrates twice while the first vibrates once. Is that not a most bewildering array of mathematics? Now comes a new difficulty. It is highly important that we be able to use each tone of our chromatic twelve as the first tone, or second or third tone, or any other member of the major or minor scales, and as figures are exasperatingly honest we can not do it without using more tones than twelve. This number we could not handle with ten fingers or one voice, so we must lie to our ears a little bit and train them to accept the prevarication without too much fuss. As ligures won't lie, the liars must figure, so we proceed to find out how much each of these vibration rates must be changed to enable our tones to do duty in seven different capacities without offending one's ears. Mathematics without limit! Still we have not solved the problem. We have only built a scale. Two tones can be produced simultaneously, and a new field opens up. If one tone is the particles of atmosphere swinging back and forth in harmonic motion at a certain specific number of swings per second, then it is very apparent that when two tones are produced at the same time at the same place, these same particles of atmosphere are caused to respond to two different vibration rates at the same time. You say impossible, but that is exactly what happens. While our particles are swinging back and forth at the rate of 100 times a second, they are given another motion of say 600 vibrations or swings per second, and a resultant motion is produced just the same as if a man were walking back and forth on a wagon, while the wagon was also moving back and forth between two points. But we can and do have our particles responding to even ten, twenty, or a hundred different vibration rates a t once, and then the resultant motion becomes so complex and bewildering that it gets beyond our comprehension. However, if the tones that produce it are related by the right mathematical ratios our ear recognizes the sound as a beautiful chord. Even with a n abundance of both beautiful tones and chords, (Continued on page 25) �The Western Comrade Page iwenly-oril! Man's Social Awakening ~--- ,T is said. that the love of nature is a very modern in- and seen visions, and poured out his life as a triumphant liba1 vention. To the ancients nature represented an in- tion to Hope. True, science in its early stages seemed to cut calculable power constantly acting to their disadvan- under the foundations of Hope, and outstare vision with fierce 1 - - - tage, and was an object of fear. Not only were light- reality, but this was but a phase, the crude workings of half ning and thunder, volcanoes and earthquakes terrible phenom- developed leaming. Now as science accumulates demonstraena and beyond all understanding, but storms, floods and tion; and expands illumination, it sees truths that reach beyond drought came from nowhere, as the result of no know laws; the visions of the mystic into the knowledge of Law that the wily politicians of the period trained the peopl€vto pro- harmonizes all the great half-apperceived forces with which pitiate such manifestations by sacrifices to futile imaginings in the mind of man has grappled through aeons of evolution. wood and stone. Science demonstrates the law of mutual help collaborating· There are no representations of landscapes in ancient art, with and balancing the physical law of the struggle for life. and no descriptions of nature in ancient poetry. The first conThe struggle for life in its wider application means the ception of the beauty and charm of nature seems to have been struggle for an existence in which man can develop his highest expressed in the bucolic verse of the latter part of the Latin aspirations unhampered either by nature's violence or by the classic period. Even then it was only violence of his own kind. The furious landscapes softened and enriched by resentment with whi'ch the whole civilthe hand of man that appealed to the ized world revolts against the attempt nascent sense of the aesthetic value of of a reactionary group to force the outnature. grown reign of physical violence to the With the great art movement of the fore tn an age that was beginning to esMiddle Ages there appeared first tablish itself on a higher plane, is the touches of a symbolic landscape used measure of the degree in which the purely as a background for the real visi'on of a new standard had estabpicture, a group of figures of holy lished itself in the minds and hearts character. It was not until the . end of men. of the grand period that Salvator Rosa Man was beginning to trust man. and Claude Lorraine came out with Probably the strongest instinct in the pictures which were frankly concerned human heart is this craving for moral with nature for nature's sake. as well as physical security. Between The important part of this long deindividuals man is constantly seeking layed appreciation of the beauty which the companion he can trust. Politiclies all about us, is the fact that it ally and ·financially he is seeking the was synchronous with the growth of executive he can trust. He has esscience, the codifying of the laws of tablished the reign of law as regards nature, and the control which man was property and hedged it about with a gradually acquiring over his environprotective wall deeply founded on a ment. He was no longer a shuttlecock trained public conscience. This would have seemed a wild improbabiiity a in the hands of immeasurable forces. He had learned to protect himself, and few hundred years ago. to a certain extent his crops, against He was getting hold of the fact that Modd. d Fi~ure of a Cld '. c P. o~~ct ol property was but a side issue," an unstorms and drought. He calculated the Llano Art Studio. tides and eclipses, and was learning important feature among the real valeven to study and describe the "stars ues of life. Having accumulated imin their courses." Nature was no longer mense reserves of wealth, a sense of a blind mystery to be worshipped face to the ground, but a social responsibility was just dawning on the horizon of the force to estimate, contend with, and conquer. political and financial forces of society; the working classes With understanding came a different worship, a worship of always have had at least a rudimentary sense of brotherhood. the beauty and majesty of the erstwhile menacing terror; ad- Strange what a long slow process it has been to reach the miration even of its fiercest forms, of wilderness, abyss and simple and necessary result, "to thine own self be true; thou tempest. When law was discovered in nature, man found a canst not then be false to any man." How does it come that firm footing in his environment and learned to control bgth -the newspapers were recording with surprise the advent of his environment and his imagination. Confidence came with the "new social conscience," when this tidal wave from some control, and with the understanding of the laws of the uni- subterranean refuge of the age of violence, submerged the verse, in place of fear, came trust. whole fabric of advancing civilization? When the wave subsides the foundation~ of the building Man has lived not only in terror ef his environment but man has in all ages been a terror to man. Force has reigned will have te be erected anew. The confidence of man in man supreme in the conflict of tribe against tribe, nation against has had a rude blow. The reaction towards violence is sending nation, and race against race. Many visions have come to currents through many hidden and open channels. And yet individuals of a higher law behind the elementary physical the recognition of the law of mutual help and mutual confilaw of self-interest. Animals and even insects have recognized dence has been demonstrated to the minds and consciences of the duty of self-immolation for the preservation of the species. men, not as a vision or a hope, but with all the force that But man alone has sacrificed to the' idea, has dreamed dreams, (Continued on page 25) 1 I 1 �The Wester n Comrade Fiction Page twenty-two Met's First Assignment sy Frank L. wright - - - T was on the night of the thirtieth of October, or Doyle's livery stable he woke up old Mike Hennessey, the rather two o'clock in the morning of the thirty-first, general utility man of the establishment and helped him hitch and clear as the proverbial bell, and lighted by a the big gray mare to a light cart, the only vehicle available. ___ brilliant moon just beginning to wane. The town of In a few minutes, Met, in a borrowed pair of gloves, was Tressler lay sleeping under its flood of light and the only place urging old Liz down the ~treet toward the river road in a that showed signs of life was the sec0nd floor of the Argus swinging trot. It was only thre miles to the Crawford place, the turnpike building, where Demetrius Jones had just finished making up packages of the "Tressler Argus" for delivery to the surround- was ideal, and Met was enjoying himself hugely, when just ing villages. The papers had been wrapped in bqndles of past the ]ohnso.t place a shrill, unearthly scream rent the air, the requisite number, marked with the name of the place and and a white-robed thing v.rith long trailing garments sprang of the man who would distribute them, and slid down a chute into the road from behind a bunch of elderberry bushes, and for fifty feet or so into an express wagon, the driver_"of which glided along beside the cart. Met grabbed the whip and struck the mare wildly, when met the two early morning trains,· the two-ten southbound, and the two-twenty-five going west, and sent them to their the apparition screamed again-a diabolical, staccato yell. with an undercurrent of ghoulish laughter that actually tickled respective destinations. The last package had coasted merrily down the glassy chute, Met's risibles, scared though he was. Then it reached out. caught the wheel on that side of and bumped into the waiting · wagon . The- driver had sung ~=======-=============~• the cart, and threw it clear of out, "Well, is that all?" and on ~ the fence by the roadside. Met could actually hear the wood Unite, Y e H o S t S ! receiving an affirmative reply breaking as it was torn off, had told the old horse "Giddap," and rattled off down the street. By :vlarguerite Head 1 though no jar was perceptible, Demetrius was tired and peeved. WAKE! Awake! 0 mighty throng, i nor did that side of the vehicle The long night's work a round And fill this sad old earth with song! ' fall, but kept its proper height the newspaper office had left him The wealth of air and sea and land above the road. With another scream and a cadenza of inWill yield itself to your demand; weary, for he was J ack-at-alltrades in the printing plant, and Fulfil Creation's vast design human glee the visitant passed the duties devolving upon him And make the world a place divine! to the other side of the road and were legion. He was sore beGod's country come on earth will be operated in the same manner on The commonwealth where men are free. cause of a certain Hallowe'en the other wheel, but the body of party the night before, which he Too long the brunt of toil ye've borne; the cart, still attached to the flyhad been unable to attend on Too long of earth's delights been shorn; in;; mare, carried Met along the Too long ye've cringed to king and peeraccount of those same duties road without changing its relaand where the only girl in town Too long have lived the slaves of fear. tive position. Hysterically Met had worn a fancy costume, and Arise! Arise! and stand as one, kept his seat, lashing old Liz And ye shall be oppressed by none; bobbed for apples with the other with the whip in a vain endeavor Go forth and win a bloodless fight! young fellows, and all to his detto out-run the ghost or whatever Up! Up! Ye scattered hosts, unite! riment. He had a mighty good it was that pursued him. With a new series of hideous notion to quit the old job and screams and a satanic giggle, it find something more agreeable, reached down from behind, where he could work during the daytime, and see a little more of that girl. These were some somewhere, and catching the cart by the axle jerked it bodily of his thoughts as he sat wearily down on an old stool and from under the boy and threw it into the brush. He, however, leaned back precariously against the head of the chute to rest still maintained his position behind old Liz, a nd still held to a moment before locking up and going home. He was the the reins and whip, the which he still plied vigorously. The .last man on the job, except, perhaps, oid Gribble, the "City mare's best effort:- proved in vain, for the shape, with a wild Editor," who kept all sorts of hours. 'Met liked the old fellow paen of ghoulish triumph, seemed to grab her by all four legs for all of his crabbed ways, and was not surprised in the least at ont.:e, and threw her sailing over the fence into a pasture when Gribble himself suddenly hurried into the mailing room beside the turnpike. Met still kept his position, holding the and called out, "I thought you would still be here. I want lines tightly a nd still wielding the whip, nor did he slacken you to go out to the old Crawford place down the river road speed in the least, but to the accompaniment of what seemed right away. The old lady has been found murdered in her a chorus of all the wierd noises he had ever heard, he drove in bed, and they have just phoned it in. No one else is here, and through the gate toward the old Crawford house, which loomed you ought to be a pretty good reporter by this time. Go up directly in front of him. Desperately he pulled first one line and then the other in order to miss the house, but without around to Doyle's, get a team and hurry out there." Old Gribble's order put Met in a little better humor, for he the slightest effect, for BANG! he struck on the sidewalk had long had a yearning for real newspaper work, and this where but a moment before the express wagon had stood re· was his first assignment. He got" up from his chair, went out ceiving papers for the morning trains. on the back stair landing, reached in and snapped out the Rather dazed, but not much hurt, he stiffly arose and climblights, made sure the spring lock caught, as he had always f.d up the back stairway, reached in the door and snapped out done, and hurried down the stairs, buttoning his overcoat as the lights, made sure the spring lock caught and trod down he descended to the street level. Trotting aro"und the corner to (Continued on Page 28) I A �The We sf er rr Comr a de The I Dr.ea.m .· '~ T was a summer day. The balm of June : Was in the air. A gentle breeze I ' Like the blessed breath of Ceres waved the corn. The ~ppies swayed and flashed their myriad hues. The uncut wheat rolled gently, in golden billows Like a summer sea; and as I passed I plucked the poppies and, twixt their fragrance and The thrush's song, I fancied earth was Eden. I gained the brow of a low inviting hill That overlooked the fields, and there lay down, 1\·ly head on my arm, and with the poppies O 'er my face to shield me from the sun I brea thed the sweet seducti'v e smell, the while. Reflecting on the dreary page of man. My thoughts ran back to savagery's dismal vale, T o gloomy ages ere the arts were born When crudest tools, in rudest hands, matched man 'Ga ins! na ture- how then he fought , and wrought, and lived. I thought me then of present days (when, so It seemed to me) the elements as slaves to man Like valiant armies wait upon his will, And march, a nd counter march, at his command. The sunlight filtering through the poppies' bloom And falling on my ha lf-closed eyes, entranced And mingled shades and shapes in. witchery Like magic, seemed to paint a pageant dream. It seemed tha t I had slept a hundred years, Awoke and gazed upon another world. The ruthless unconserving hand of Greed Had stripped the globe of natural forest growth But Art- reflecting through the Social SoulHad clothed again the hills with forestry. The coal, whose vast depoiits seemed to be Exhaustless as the air, had vanis~ed quite. No farm house graced the plain, and everywhere The fields were garmented with strangest plants. A smokeless, noiseless city now I saw, Whose architecture had a charm like music, A melody congealed, and fixed, in waveless ecstacy Where every bar and note blent i·n such poise That the city was itself a harmony Whose music could be seen. Thoroughfares, Whose wide and winding pavements stretched away Past witching landscapes flanked with statuary, Groups where Ceres, Clio, and Apollo, Each with emblems of their constitutions To Art and Science, lent a classic charm. Here, Ceres with her sheaf and sickle, There, Clio with her pen and parchment And yonder sat Apollo with his harp. A noble pile that symbolized some theme, I knew not Claimed attention. It rose so high The white and fleecy clouds enrobea its shoulders, A base o f bronze, whose panels in relief Held countless symbols, where every science, art And industry were grouped; the 6.gure that rose skyward ~11:1!1111I:IIIIUIIIUIIIIIIWIII1lllmliii!IIIBIIIIIJ!llllllli!Wimii11Dilllllii!IDiillillllllllllliiiiiJIIDRID!UilllliiHIIllilllli1!llllllllllilUIIIIIIIU By D- C. Travis Crowned with stars, was white. as. Parian marble. No cannon flanked the base; the. figure Held no sword. The pose was not heroic. What can this be? I thought. 'T1s not a warrior, Nor politician in mock statesmanship. I wondered much, and wished I might enquire What it meant. "Come," said a still small voice, And ere I was aware, a Geni touched my hand, And said, "Come forth." He waved his hand And floating gently up, bore me aloft, The ground receding fast soon seemed far off And lay beneath my eyes like a dim gray plain. "You cannot see," he said. He touched my eyes And the vision that I saw filled me with joy. The world was strangely peaceful; no strife of war, No fortress marred the hills; no armies marched; And on the seas wide range no navies rode; · Gaunt Famine with her bony hand I saw not; But everywhere was peace and song and plenty. The smoky, noisy mill of old was gone And in its place arose, proportioned fair A splendid structure, clean, li'gh~. well ordered; No gloomy smokestack poured its vomit forth; The cities lay in clear and smiling sunlight; And far the billowy grain fields stretched away And yonder spread an orchard o'er hill and vale, In graceful undulations until its compass Was wide extended like an inland sea. There, great mills where potash rocks were crushed, Which, spread upon the soil renewed its youth. The kelp beds, peaceful navies ga.thered up And gave the fields. Soil chemistry Was now the happy handmaid of the plant. I looked to see whence came the energy, That turned the mighty mills, and drove the car; That sped the swarms of ships and plowed the fields; Old Neptune labored valiantly for the race. The solar rays that gently kissed the earth Caressing ·fondly as they blessed, were ha-rnessed, The world's work done by waves and rays of light. The old laborious methods gone forever. These ocean waves--these solar rays Have beat upon the earth since time began And through the ages man has spurned their offering. But now their ceaseless energy that rolled A trillion tons of might for every breath Was by the alchemy of cunning Made to banish night; to light the hearth, And e'en to stimulate the growth of plants. What man of might achieved all this I asked? "No man, my child, but men," the Geni said. " 'Tis the cumulative efforts of an age." . "What is yon lofty pile with starry crest Kissed by the sun above the di-ifting clouds?" And the Geni's voice echoing from the far sky said, "That is a pile erected to utility." UUDUUIIIlllllliUIUUIJJlliUUIUUIIUU81111111111HUUDIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIUIIUHUfiililiUinnuti!UIIIIIUU111l11111UUUIIIIUIIJiillllll!lllillllllliiiiMUII �Page twenty-four The \Ve-s tern Comr,cle lnfluences· of Environment I ' T · has ~bee~. said that "thoughts are thmgs. it would . be more · proper to say that lhoughts are the result of things. The human brain may well be likened to a photographic plate receiving impression); through the organs of the fi-ve or perhaps six senses. · The aggregate of impressions .made upon the brain by our environment constitutes tfie sum total of our knowlec.!ge. The function of the brai·n is to co-ordinate these impressions and to react to them for the preservation of the organism. The organi1m that faiis to react properly to environmental stimuli is lost. The brain must receive the needed impressions and the organism must perform the proper reaction or life is impossible. Suggestion The stimuli received by the brain causing it to send motor impulses in co -ordinated series to the organism may be_called suggestion. Suggestion is not necessarily the spoken word of one person to another, which causes the latter to react, but may be the re~ult of any thought-provoking scene, sound, sense, taste or smell. Th e Windo ws of the Soul Let us discuss the suggestions received through the organs of sight. It is through the medium of the eye that the greater part of our knowledge is obtained. Perhaps that is why the eyes have been called the "windows of the soul." Yet any occulist will tell you that the eyes do not always report things as they really are. We shall , however, not go into the physics of vision, nor discuss too minutely its mechanism. The visible worlds refracts and reflects light. This light strikes the retina of the eye, stimulates the optic nerve and carries the image to the optic ganglia deep in the brain. From there it is transmuted into consciousness and causes nervous reaction according to the way and the degree that the scene has impressed the beholder. · The result of a visual impression or suggestion differs greatly with different individuals. What impresses A profoundly may have but little effect on B. Tb illustrate: An artist, accompanied by a friend, went out to the sea shore to watch the waves dash against the rocks. It was a drizzly, wet afternoon and the wind from the sea was unpleasantly cold, but the artist seemed not to notice either. He was enraptured by the majesty and power of the waves. It seemed to him as though he could feel the elemental forces of nature surge through his being. He realized that no matter how perfect his art, he could not hope even to approach the majesty of reality. While the artist was thus in ecstacy, his companion entreated him to come away, - as they might be late for dinner. To the one the sight of the ocean meant veneration and worship; to the other it was just so much slopping water. Their mind types differed. What stirred one had no effect on the other. If the artist were dyspeptic, the sight of roast beef, which perh!lPS caused hi's companion to rejoice, might have awakened in him only sadness and envy. Here then, are two things to be considered. What we see affects us, first, according to ·our mind type. That is, accord· in14 to the particular pa;ycho-motor centera affected; and next By Dr. John De q u e·r the physcho-motor centers· affected may depend upon our physical condition at the time we look upon the scene. When. fully rested our mi'nds are more alert than when we feel worn and tired. In health we are keener than in sickness, also more 9bservant. In youth we are more impressionable than in age. The functions of the brain are governed, to a great extent, by our physical condition. Our physical condition is, in turn, governed by our physical environment. It is rare · to find <; healthy and vigorous brain in a worn or emaciated body. . Not only does the sight of things impress us emotionally bu't physically as well. I have personally witnessed an incident where the sight of fly-blown meat acted as an emetic upon two members of a party of surveyors and prostrated four others of the party with nausea, while the others were unaffected. Our Social Duty to the Eye We may consider it a rule that wholesome sights make for wholesome thought, to the degree that our visual impressions make up our mental life. We should, therefore, endeavor, not to keep man from seeing the ugly but rather to so beautify our environment that the ugly shall not exist. In this the Llano community is blessed by Nature. The scenery is -varied enough to impress many types of mind. There is softness and delicacy of color, vastness and grandeur of geologic formation , scope and distance of vision and, while as yet we have some ugliness and deformity of capitalism still with us, it is our plan to remove it as fast as possible . We hope to see the work ot man and the work of Nature blend into one harmonious whole for as the sight of the unpleasantness makes for sickness and mental depression, so the sight of beauty will make for inspiration and health. The Ear If what we see has an influence for weal or woe upon our mental and physical organism, what we hear is surely next in importance. The ear conveys impressions to our consciousness in a way not very different from the eye. Again when A desires to impress B verbally, he uses the air, draws it into his lungs and then sends it forth by way of the trachea to hi ; vocal chords. The vocal chord~ are through the nervous or. ganism under control of A's br<~ in . Thus the air is set into a definite series of vibrations, which enters the ears of B and are carried by the auditory nerve to hi's consciousness as words. Words are to the consciousness the symbols of things. Things are capable of affecting the organism according to their powers of action. Hence to tell of them may excite the nervous orga nism of the body. Blu~hi ng is an instance in point. A's simple allusion to a perhaps harmless act or condition, will cause the vaso-motor nerves to act, and the blood vessels of the skin to dilate, causing the red glow in the skin. If the spoken word angers, the action may extend to heart and lungs. Some writers maintain that during a fit of anger the coagulability of the blood is heightened. Other physiological effects have been recorded as the result of angry excitement. The Social Effect of Careless Speech While a few words may unduly excite an individual, the constant repetition will finally effect an entire community for good or evil according to the effect by the spoken word. As (Cunlinuec! on Pqe 29) �T h e We 1 I e rn Co m ra de Page twenty-five Llano-Community of Ideals they laugh and play as they open the irrigation waterways and watch the water as it trickles down along the row~ of plants and flowers. They ask a thousand questions. ''Why can't we turn Of! more water?" "Why is it better for the water to run slowly?" "What makes the ground wet so far from the ditch?" "What do you mean by percolation?" "How does the water percolate?" Ah, he does not know that he is learning the science of irrigation. Can he not be taught to play while he is gathering the · melons and tomatoes and berries? Will he not want to know how many he has gathered ~· It is easy to impress the mind with what it wants to know. And behold the infant mind begins to comprehend numbers. Will he not ask about the insects that infest the plant&? What a field of knowledge opens before him there. Object· lessons everywhere is the Llano way, and the children learn by doing what to them is play. If the desire to know can be kept uppermost, the mind will drink in and assimilate knowledge as naturally and as beneficially as the body takes its food. Under such treatment the mind will grow as does the body and the judgment will de- velop by means of the mental activity just as the muscles develop by physical exertion. Our method is to afford the child something to do. To see that he does what he enjoys most. We do .not let his labor become laboriot;s. When he is tired of the garden we show him something in the field. Then we let him work with the horses, or hogs, or cattle, or angoras or chickens. We always teach him to do the thing in }Vhich he is interested. When we teach a child a new thought we at the same time teach him how to do something vitally connected with that thought. The mind grows by what is done and not by wha~ is merely memorized. The secret of life lies in the · power to execute. All great, intellectual, heart and soul development takes its root in, and grows out of, execution. Llano children learn by doing. I would give the world to· feel the rythm that inspired the soul of Beethoven, or inspired the creative vision of Angelo. The moments thrill would be worth a life; yet without the power and training to execute, neither the rythm nor the vision would ever have stirred their souls. Execute! Act! This is nature's mandate. Whomsoever will not neither shall he taste the real fruits of life. The Mechanics of Music we still have no music, for we have yet to set them to rythm, and cause them to suggest periodic motion before they make their strongest appeal to us. Tones themselves, as explained above, are rapid motions of particles of atmosphere, but the affect only our ear in the form of sound and do not appeal to our sense of motion until we produce them and discontinue them in accordance with intervals of time. These intervals must be such that we can indicate them with real motions of our bodies or simply follow them in our minds with periodic regularity. just why tones must also suggest periodic motion to cause the effects of music is difficult to explain, unless the reason lies in the fact that all life, and in fact all nature seems to be made up of periodic motion. All the heavenly bodies as far as the eye or telescope can reach are ceaselessly swinging round in efliptical paths; going to an extreme, and returning again and again. Our earth tips its axis back and forth. The seasons come and go with periodic regularity. The tides rise and fall. Day follows night, an so on. These things are part of nature , and so are we. Our life may in some way be the result of t~e things, or as the ancients believed, it may be influenced by them. And modem science has not yet disproved this. Anyhow, our own lives depend on this same periodic motion. Man's s0 cia I (Continued from page twenty) All the vital functions are periodic. Our chest rises and falls with the breath of Hfe. Our heart beats unceasingly, with periodic motion, and other functions follow the same rule. In all matter the molecules move to and for. The atoms composing the molecules likewise. The electrons and ions do the same, and where is the end? Is it not strikingly natural then, that the sensation caused by periodic and harmonic motion of tones should be pleasing to us, and does it not follow that when we cause them to also suggest periodic motions of our bodies that the appeal and the stimulation and the effect on life itself is doubly strong? Shakespeare rightly said: "The man that hath no mus1c m himself, Nor is not moved by concord of sweet sounds Is fit for treason, strategems, and spoils." Another familiar quotation states the truth as follows: "Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast," and all because it follows so exquisitely the basic laws of the universe, mechanics and mathematics. Thus ar'! the laws of of mechanics and mathematics glorified when functioning in music, and when we meet them in sterner. capacities we can feel more kindly toward them. Awakening lies behind the great mass of historic evidence scientifically sifted and collated. Man can only come into his own and manifest his powen and possibilities in an enviroment of peace and confidence. If his understanding and his ,relating himself and his activities to nature's law, brought him power and greatly increased perceptions, so his understanding and consciousness of the countless inter-relations with and responsibilities towards his fellowman, are the condition of his next step towards a higher plane of existence. Every act of v~olence <Continued from page nine> (Continued from page twenty-one} or arbitrary power, every violation of implied or accepted stewardship, is a reaction towards a bygone barbaric age. The acceptance of the standard of social responsibility, of social service, is the rock on which the new society must rest its edifice. In his relations to his fellowman, as well as in his relations with nature, fear and suspicion must be superceded by a practical working knowledge of the law of mutual aid, by co-operative living, deeply grounded in conhdence and trust. �Maca-zine Page twenty-six The Western Comrade Sammary What. Thinkers ·Think The Substance of Instructive Articles In February Magazines WORLD'S WORK How Much Fresh Air Can a Man Stand?--Modern medical science is editino the medical facts which we have been caref.,lly trained to believe, just ;. other sciences are putting a superstructure on the "truth" of the last generation. The fresh air fad and deep b·~'lthing depend on the fallacy that the lungs can be made to do more than a certain amount of wo rk. Deep breathing helps circulation but there is always oxygen enough in any room and if the air is kept in motion and kept c~l the lungs will get the benefit of it. The skin is more affected by bad a1r than the lunos. The man. who walks home from work with his head up and takin~ full breaths of air, is getting real results, exerl;ise, stimulation to the skin, better circulation, benefits that go w1th a good carnage of the body. and a generally brighter outlook on existence.-C. P. Cushmg. Tbe Last Word in Pork.-Chairman Clark, of Florida, has the same ambition as the Empero r Augustus, who ."found Rome bric~ and left it marble." Mr. Clark advocates erecting marble monuments not as post offices or court houses b~t as temples dedicated to the '"betterment of our citizenship." It is obvious tha t it is just as important that villagers should be good citizens as dwellers in a Metropolis. Hence a $150,000 court house in a town of 6000 inhabitants. Tha t certain court houses are only used four days in the year is ano ther unimportant detail. Senator Tillma~ has been converted by the refo rmers. "( am taking a fatewell, as 11 were, and this is my valedicto ry on the stealing business. I should be ashamed to go home to South Carolina and tell my people that I had voted $300,000 fo r South Ca rolina."- Burton J. Hendrick. THE MASSES England After the War.-Mr George, m the Enghsh Review, says in effec t . "Very few su ffragts ls have suffic tenl taste fo r economics to organize \..·omen workers into un ions. . . No new women's unions have been created during the war. In the past they failed because they were unskilled. Now they have served an apprenticeship for the skilled trades end they will keep the ground they have won." No workers, men or women, have been able to organize against unemployment, but if the women nre preferred to men aft er the war they will organize, for they will have for the first time a basis fo r o rganization. The problems of demob1hzahon present a wonderful opportunity for creating state socialism out of hand. Will the present English Premier miss a chance so to his liking ?- H. M. INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW Letter From an American Comrade Ahroad.- We have answered a cosmic summons and responsibility, with a collective poltroonery of action, a shamelessness of apology, which has made Socialism a thing of disgust forever. " We who were not Socialists always hoped that Socialism would at least save us from wa r. Only it turned out that there were no SocialISI S. The old movement can never rehabilitate itself. but something will spring up in each country. perhaps not even taking the name of Social Democracy. but taking and enlarging its facts and principles. It will not oe cl~a rly a struggle between classes. Our various theories will become obsolete. Political gove rnment will be transmuted into economic administra- tion. Many volunta ry economic groups will spring up, and employers out of self-defense will sha re the profits and administration with the wo rkers. THE ATLANTIC The Second Coming of Art.:._We have seen art break down in shameful degeneration until it disappeared in the murk of silly substitutions; but we are in the midst of a world change that means the definite downfall of all that same century of enlightenment has stood for, and the coming of a new era as different as Mediaevalism was from the Dark Ages. Art is a symbolic expression of beauty, of the highest things that exist, and the impulse to such e xpression lies not in pe rsonal incentive but in the communal push of the community, the nation, the race. The new art will be an art of beauty, and this beauty will be wha t it has always been, a definite real and changeless thing, not the insolent assertions of myopia, astigmatism and color blindness. Beauty, craftsmanship and universality: the three points in which our own art most signally failed. When we see their first evidences we shall know that a beginning has been made towards the discovery of an old heaven and the building of a new earth.-Ralph Adams Cram. Alcohol and Human Elliciency.- Alcohol even in small do~rcises a deprc..mg and degeneratiye effect. The acceleration of the heart action is not due to direct stimulation of the heart musclee, but must be referre9 to a partial paralysis of the cardio-inhibitory centers. The break is taken off the heart. Alcohol is the key that unlocks the door to the chamber of disease, degeneracy and life-failure, and as revealed by experiments on large masses of men, is wholly evil in its total effects. Death is always a pathological finish to some form of poison, strain, starvation, injury or bacterial infection, and by avoiding the inRuences that undermine our health we shall perform a service far more important than that of adding a few years to existence, we shall lift mankind to higher planes of living.--Eugene Lyman Fisk. CURRENT HISTORY Wartime Methods in Germany.-Distinguished savants and socialist leaders, women social workers and young girls who dare to think, are being imprisoned "preventively" under the most outrageous and cruel conditions. A government must be in a bad plight indeed, to lock up the· brightest minds in the country for the purpose of stifling their valid impulses. By eliminating the directing elements of the opposition the government thinks to crush the head of the serpent : it has learned nothing and forgotten nothing. The system which grows worse the longer it lasts is purely a matter of arbitrary brutality. One might imagine the whole thing to be a mad house drama, but it is a reality and a "state of siege." For all these persecutions it has been necessary to create an army of police spies. They use their present positions as hiding places to escape military service, and not wishing to go into the trenches they send other men to prison.-Herr Dittmann (Address delivered in the Reichsta ~ 1). Great Land Ironclads and Victory.-The business of war has been absolutely revolutionized since 1914. War has become an impo~sible luxury fo r any barbaric or uncivilized race. The decisive fac tor in the sort of war we are now waging is the production and right use of mechanical material. The "tank" is the most recent symbol of this industrial aspect of war, and opens a prospect of limitless senseless destruction: it opens also a pros- pect of an organized world control of war. There is no definite upward limit of mass, and a tank as big as an ir.onclad, devastating fields, villages and towns as it passes, is not difficult to imagine. This tank development must ultimately bring the need of a real permanent settlement within the compass of the meanest diplomatic intelligences.- H. G. Wells. POPULAR SCIENCE The Most Wonderful of Worlds.-Saturn has a year equivalent to twen-t-y-nine of our years, but his day is only ten hours and fourteen minutes long. His diameter is 75,000 miles, but though ten times larger in diameter than the ea rth he is not so dense. He would float on water like so much pine wood. He is surrounded by three rings, each one thousands of miles broad, and by ten moons. The rings are composed of extremely minute bodies, each of which pursues an orbit of its own around the planet, and is in fact, merely a satellite. These small bodies combine to produce the same illusion as our clouds which though composed of separate particles, seem like a continuous body. THE FRA Tbe Disadvantage of Owning Cbildren.- 1 glo ry in my motherhood. have walked the floor nightly and esteemed it a privilege. Sickness, the destruction of furniture, motherly stoutness, what are these to the ripple of childish laughter and ·the thought that I am molding the character of the men and women of tomorrow? But it is with a deep sense of guilt that I realize that we are harboring in the neighborhood four children and a dog. Flower beds have been trampled on, cement walks are injured by roller skates, and there is noise I The dog will have to go. And we are wond.ring now if we can, for a consideration, dispose of the children. - A Mother of Four. GOOD HOUSEKEEPING Mind Your Eyes.- The things we do to get rid of .. something in the eye" are far more dangerous than the foreign body itself. Never rub- the eye. Close it and let the foreign body "cry" out. The eye's capacity for protecting itself is our safest dependence, and our greatest danger is from infectious diseases. Teach your children to avoid people with red and inflamed ~ye•. and never inve•tigate any eye complication with a questionable finger or handkerchief.- Woods Hutchinson. THE OUTLOOK Experimenting With Children.-Scarcoly anyone is content with the way in which public and private schools are training the children of America. �The Western Comrade Marazine Mr. E.liot, of Harvard, and Mr. Flexner, have inaugurated a campaign of reform, which is now taking practical expression in New York. The children art to be brought in touch with real life in every way, and are not to be forced to study classics or standards until they have learned to value them. They must be compelled to learn to spell and the multiplication table, and anything else that serves a chosen purpose. This school will omit everything for which an affirmative _case cannot be made out. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Industrial Pnparednea for Peace.-Our chief fault as a nation is the wanton waste of material. We import things from abroad which we could produce at home in vast quantities from by-products. One cement company utilized its waste last year and produced $80,000 worth of potash. One third of the feeding value of the corn crop is in the stalks, but we have not found any generally profitable means of handling it. /1. large part of the apple crop is wasted every year on account of unscientific marketing. New plants are constantly being introduced which adapt themsel\'u to conditions which had previously been considered hopeless. On land so pocr in humus and nitrogen that practically no othe1 crop will grow. melilotus thrives, and by its own growth and decay will store up sufficient humus and nitrogen for any of the staple crops.E. E. Miller. INDEPENDENT Summary Page twenty-sev,en own produc;ivity. How is shrinking wealth to give him an expanding wage? They were suddenly forced to tum out huge quantities of a product in order to save their lives, and they acquired efficiency overnight when it served a national purpose instead of the profit of another person. The enormous accomplishment of "unemployable" women is the final term in the incredible amount of energy _let ·loose in England by the war, which soon will express itself in an industrial revolution.-Arthur Gleason. AMERICAN REVIEW OF REVIEWS Compulsory Arbitration in Railroad Disputes.-ln politics we have learned to lest the full power of a nation without violence; · in international questions we still have war and shall so do until we learn to satisfy the intelligence of the weaker party some other way. In industrial matters the recourse to violence still rule;. So we have employers hiring gunmen and workers blowing up bridges. Compulsory arbitration is a form of violence. A man cannot arbitrate anything which he feels-right or wrong-to be necessary to his development.. We must find a better way than strikes or arbitration as civilization advances.-Aibert Chandler. • • • WAR "A summons to immediate action" from a League•representing the principle colleges of America. "We are unreservedly opposed to the entire philosophy of force upon which are founded all systems of exploitation How the Minimum Wage Works.-Ten states have passed minimum wage and militarism." Militarists believe that you can convert people by knockacts . The disasters predicted have not occurred. The women have not been replaced by men, because the average "unemployed" are not quali - , ing them - over the head-the theory of the religious wars of the Middle Ages; but at least the religious persecutors did not claim that you could fied to take the places of the girls. There has been no tendency for the convince people not to trust military force through beating them by means minimum wage to become the ma ximum wage. " Evidently," says the of more men, and more munitions. As regards the physical advantages Federal report on Oregon, "the mo re poorly paid girls have been benefitted of drill General Baden Powell protests against excessive military training while the better paid have not suffered. The idea that the prices of comfor boys and Dr. Charles Eliot, of Harvard, says: "Military training seems modities would be advanced seems also to have been a mistake.-W. J . to me to be one of the poorest forms of bodily exercise." We are comGhent. mitting America to a policy of far-reaching military preparedness just when Turning Garbage Into Fuel.-ln Austin, Texas, they are making fu el Europe is hoping to throw militarism aside. 'This magazine proves by efbricks worth $6.50 a ton out of thei r garbage. They first sort out the fective arguments that it is a mistake "that no effective influence has been valuable and non-combustible matter, then grind up the remainder and exerted by governments unless supported by force." "That the Roman mix it with coal dust ( a was te product) and water-tar (another waste imperial government protected its subjects wherever they might go." "That product) and press it into bricks which' have the same fuel value as the it has been from time immemorial an unquestioned - duty of governments best bituminous lump coaL-Robert H. Moulon. to protect the property of its citizens in foreign countries." "That national liberty has been usually obtained by war." "That war periods have been NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW periods of special national unity and love of country; that military training may, therfore, be expected to make our people more united and more Political ldeals .-ln proportion as men live creatively they cease to wish patriotic." Address, Collegiate Anti-Militarism League, Sub-Station 84, to interfere with others by force. There are goods which can be apNew York City. propriated to one man's advantage by force, and others which all may share alike. If one man knows a science that does not prevent another man from knowing it. If one man is full of good will towards others, What Questions Have You that does not mean that there is less good will to be shared among the rest. You may kill an artist or a think er but you can not acquire his art to ask about the Colony? The Publicity departmenl is desirous of learning or his thought. Economic systems have a profound influence in moulding what points are not made clear. Questions most frequently asked are to character; the principle of good in every creature is at once fra gile and be put into booklet form. Will you send in those that are asked you infinitely precious . Modern capitalism frequently forces the wrong deby others or which are not clear to you? Address: Publicity Department, cision upon those who are not heroic or exceptionally fortunate. If a Llano, California. majority so desired, we could within twenty years, abolish all abject -opoverty, half the illness, and the whole economic slavery which binds down nine-tenths of our population.-Bertrand Russell. Sir Oliver Lodge Takes the Stand.- The matter-of-fact air, the attitude of candor and detachment which Sir Oliver Lodge takes towards the phenomena that he is describing is the most striking point in his latest book, in which he describes the evidence which proves to his satisfaction that he has co~municated with his son, recently killed "at the front." He frankly confesses that he thinks the "control" may have picked up some of the material from outside sources, but he feels that, inasmuch as the other utterances of the medium were often evidential, he had no right to pick and choose. "Especially," h~ remarks, "as I know nothing about it, one way or the other." Sir Oliver Lodge sums up in this way: '"There is no 'other world'; the universe is one. We exist in it continuously all the time ; sometimes conscious in one way, sometimes in another.' ' Lawrence Gilman. CENTURY The Social Revolution in Enrland.-For the first time in their history the English are thinking in terms of a State. The blood spilled by the working classes at the front has been justified by the profound modifications wrought in English consciousness. At 'l>ne stroke war won those things for which in peace the working class . seeks in vain. It will demand that the same humanity be let loose into the daily life of the factory. Is the basic work of peace less worthy than trench routine? The huddled, sheltered, unproductive life of the middle class has opened out into the freedom of usdulness. Unionism had trained the workingman to fight his Our Mail Bag Peter Hansen, Washington, sending in $2.00 for subs., says "I w"' very much pleased to read in the Comrade about your very successful efforts in nearly every line of humari endeavor. I hope you will continue to enjoy the same steady progress in the future that you have in the past, so that your good work may become a positive power for the good of this country, and a place where men and women can find refuge who are longing for a sane and more balanced life. I, for one, would certainly prefer it." • • • "Two of us have practically made up our minds to come, but must first sell our properties here. And if we find Llano as pictured, we'll make Comrade Lafranchi's Idaho bunch grow to keep ahead of the New York brigade. At the meeting Sunday night of Executive committee of the Socialist Local some questions arose about Co-ops .. and Llano was much talked of. Your weather reports interest all of ~s. as we had more than enough zero weather, and are literally buried in ice and snow. Every one is interested who hears of it." -Fred. J. Smith, New York. • • • Subscribing for himself and a friend, Alex Kuklish, Michigan, writes : "I must say that the January COMRADE was splendid. I could not lay it down until I read the whole of it, Then it kept me awake all night dreaming about Llano." �The Western Comrade Page twenty-eight Met'~ FirstAssignment~cont. from page 22) as the stairs buttoning his overcoat usual. Home, .,. bath and good day's sleep restored his faculties, but he wiU never forget the happenings of the October night, the brilliant moonlight. and old Liz and the cart, and that gibbering, screaming, laughing thing that sprang out from behind the elderberry bush. Every time he passes that elderberry bush below the Johnson house, the goose pimples come out on his back, and elderberry pie will nearly throw him into hysterics to this very day. The Banshee haunts his dreams and he often finds himself gliding along the river road pursued by the fiend and wakes up to curse himself for dreaming of the time he fell asleep on the stool at the "Argus office," and slid down the mailing chute, dreaming all the events narrated here in a fifty-foot slide, and the bump that followed. Suffice_)t to say that he did not quit his job, and that old Gribble gave him a raise and made a real newspaper man of him. Also that he and the only girl in town are now living in a modest cottage not on the river road, and are as happy as is vouchsafed to us poor mortals to be. But he still shudders when he thinks of his first assignment. Art at L Ian 0 {Conti~-ued from page 10) --===============-- or so after it was started, it is ready for casting. This is the mechanical complement of the art process. A mould is made, sometimes of one substance, sometimes of another. Mrs. Fox usually uses a glue mould. It is in pieces and is fitted over the model. When the form has thus been secured, the mould is taken off, the clay model taken out, the mould put together again, and the plaster of Paris poured into the mould. When it is hardened sufficiently, the mould is taken off in pieces and the bust or medallion, an exact replica of the clay model, is almost done. It must be finished by taking off the lines where the mould fitted together, sometimes little inequalities must be corrected, and it may be colored or coated. As many as are desired can be made from the mould. Students usually · begin by modeling simple objects, such as Rowers in relief. These are handled in much the same way. The finished Hower, a rose for instance, is then colored. Many of theie were purchased by colonists as Christmas presents for their friends. One of the most admired products is the "Henry Dubb Junior" modeled after the creation by Ryan Walker. Previous to this came the "Henry Dubb." made with two faces, one lugubrious, one smiling. Ryan Walker commented on it in a letter to Mrs. Fox and complimented her on this unique conception. The art studio is a most interesting place to visit. Paintings, modeled objects, and drawings are everywhere. Asked how the Llano studio would expand and what place it would have in the development of the Colony, Mrs. Fox replied: "It will be a part of the Industrial School, a link in the industria! training." There is a possibility that Llano will some day have a pottery. There is good clay here; it has been tested and given the approval of the foremost potters in the United States. Should the pottery be established, artists will be necessary. They must model the designs for the pottery. And in this wor~ the training of the art school will have a definite place. It Will supply a need. And in the meantime it is one of the in~truments by which the youth .of Uano may be trained. The children who grow up here Will have advantages which are denied to ~ost children, advantages that they will probably not appreciate because they are so easily obtainable. The Uano Art Studio is even now one of the interesfing ~laces of Uano. It will become more and more. interesting as time goes on. Learning by Doing (Contipued from page 17) correct handling of them has a reason that theory alone would not give. One of the most impressive things in connection with this school is the effect on the pupils. Bad boys become tractable when -their surplus energy can be turned toward doing con5tructive work. The Industrial school at Llano is not perfect. It is not stabilized, even. It is not completed. It is crude and experimental. But enough has already been demonstrated to prove its su(>eriority. Enough has been accomplished to show that it is founded on a r.orrect principle. It develops initiative. It is training its student~ for life and in the ways of life. It is not an artificial environment. It does not stupidly machine its pupils: it develops them. It educates. They are not grooved into a single pattern; they are allowed to grow naturally. It is the Daniel Boone of the school system. It is reaching ahead into the wilderness. It is blazing the trail. Of course it is not alone in this; all over the country similar steps are being taken, though not in exactly the same way. It is not a finished product, an exhibit that can be inspected without finding flaws. But its flaws are not those of the establish~d system and most of them are due to lack of conveniences and equipment and sufficient teachers. They are temporary and not fun '!amental. Learning by doing is inspiring. It is logical. It does not make the road to learning a royal road, but it at least paves it. Some of the worst places are bridged. There is still much to. be done. But a school that has taken land worth $10 an acre and has made it worth hun• dreds of dollars, that has built buildings, and at the same time given its pupils an education has accomplished something. Measured in dollars it is a huge success. Measured in education it is satisfactory. Measured in inspiration it is an achievement. The Industrial school is destined to become as typical of Llano as is its system of government and its medium of exchange. It is in its formative stage and may yet meet with setbacks, but its future is certain. It is the logical system of education, therefore it must inevitably grow and succeed. The Socialist City ~ue~r~~ -~age 14) perGeption. The children respond with vital appreciation. The city itself will be an object lesson in harmonious simplicity. The furniture will be made in the Colony under the direction of competent artists, and it will be possible for each individual to have some real works of art in his home. In music, the same conditions will prevail, the public entertainments being free to all alike. Musical ability already has every encouragement and a surprising variety of expression. The next generation will grow up in an atmosphere of beauty and harmony such as will exist in no other city in the world. And this will be the result, not of any exceptional combination of wealth and opportunity, but of the concerted effort of an ordinary social group to work together to a common end, and combine their resources of money and energy for the Common Good. · �The Western Comrade Page twenty-nine The · Birth Control Review This publication has been started by Margaret Sanger to interest the public in birth r.ontrol propaganda. The difficulty is that tire clan of people who read such magazines do not need its leaching, and the class of people who need it, never read. By bringiag the evidence she collects to the notice of doctors and nurses, much can be done to improve conditions. In F ranee birth control is exercised as a matter of course by ~veryone, when necessary under medical advice, and it is hard to see why American doctors or the legal fraternity shoulJ be prejudiced again.t it. lhe argument of Charles S. Sumner, secretary of the New York AntiVice Society, that the common people should not be discouraged from breeding like rabbits, because nature corrects over-population by war, Aood or pestilence, would make good material for a comic opera. He is further of the opinion that Belgium is a fine example of the beneficent effort of nature to thin out and redistribute population. The point that is generally overlooked by people who misinterpret the "survival of the fillest'' theory, is that a comparatively small proportion of the children who are exposed lo conditions of overcrowding. foul air, ill-nourishment and lack of educational opportunity, actually die. The great mass of them grow up sub-normal, defective, vicious, to curse the community which has allowed them to come info being without making it possible for them to be alive. They are the roll<n hull undor our ship of stale which at the first crisis will sink, dragging with it the gay rev<llers in the saloon. The Birth Control Review is published at 104 Fifth Avenue, New York. Ser? The problem of an indefinite pronoun has often been discussed in the press, and several suggestions hav• been made lo meet the difficulty. No one who writes much can fail to recognize how seriaus the annoyance is. " No lady or gentleman caught in such a predicam<nt can fail to see tha t in steering his or her car into the sidewalk, there is a risk not only of breaking his or her neck, but of having his or her intentions misinlorpreted, by casual passersby. who might imagine that the performance was undertaken for his or her amusement." Phew! Wail 'tili I get my breath! What was I saying? Th< la•l suggestion was that of Ella Flagg Young that a new word should be creat<d lo fill this unquesliolled lacuna in the language. The word she proposed was "his' r'' if I remember rightly, and I remember also thinking that it was too lacking in euphony lo be genorally accepted. It is extremely difficult to force a word on a language; it has to make itself seem desirable. The other day, the editorial longue, in slurring rapidly over a "his or her" involution, effected ~ " •~r" compromise that gave immediate relief to both ear and tongue. "No lady or gentl<man caught ip such a predicam<nt can fail to see that in steering ser car into the Sidewalk there is a risk not only of breaking ser neck but of having ser intentions misinterpreted hy the casual passerby wh~ might imagine that the performance was undertahn to r ser amusement. What do you think of it, my fellow suff~rers? Influences of Environment (cont. from e:l~) the individual will become inured, or insane, or as sometimes happens, is driven to suicide or death by careless, .,-icious and idle tongues, so the community in which careless speech is tolerated will gradually sink in the social and intellectual scale. The spoken word may be a power and inspiration to thousands. It may also be a pain and death-dealing shaft. Knowing the possible effects of suggestion, we should at all times endeavor to speak in a way that advances the social good; and words should be rays of sunshine, rather than thunderbolts. There ii as much healing in a doctor's smile and reassurance as there is in his medicine. Mankind must learn to tell unpleasant truth in pleasant words. · E~en rebuke need not wither the soul of the speaker or the hearer. (This department will at all times be pleased to advise the sick and the suffering. Send stamps.) I Need $10,000 TO ENLARGE MY RAPIDLY GROWING ·BUSINESS My business is a standard, conservatively m~naged business. It is growing so rapidly that in order to keep up with the increased demand I lnust have larger equipment throughout. This requires an immediate outlay of capital. There is every prospect that WITHIN FIVE YEARS IT WILL BE THE lARGEST BUSINESS OF IT5 KIND IN THE UNITED STATF.S. . The product in one line has been multiplied by three in ri>e last ten months; a newly established line has grown amazingly. I have had to tum away a great deal of profitable business because my equipment has been inadequate to handle this new business. I am a -Socialist. I want to borrow this capitai from Socialists. I CAN GIVE FIRST CLASS SECURITY. I estimate that .$10,000 will equip a new plant completely. The money will be used for this purpose. I want to borrow it either in a lump sum or in smaller sums. Have you a small sum you wish to invest where it will be used by a comrade, and. where it will be well protected) Write me for full details, and let me know what sum you will loan if the security -is ·satisfactory to you. · Please address: John D. McGregor, care of Western Comrade, Llano, California. - Advertisement It has been established about five years. Photo Post Card Views of Llano The WESTERN COMRADE has secured some mag· nificent views of Llano and. her industries which have been made up into postcards. Some of them have · appeared iri the WESTERN COMRADE, but most of them have just been taken especially for postcards. Included in the list are: View from hotel, looking south.Lime kiln (two) Hotel, looking east Football team Pigs and pens The damsite Chickens and turkeys Dairy barn Mountain stream and canyon North section of Llano Sawmill (different views) Llano boulevard Bird's eye . view of Llano Swimming pool Rabbitry (several views) Bakery Irrigation scene Cannery Livestock Various Llano products. Mountains Cows Woods Industrial school Industrial scenes Montessori school Alfalfa fields Many other assorted cards. The rate ii 5 cents each or 55 cents a dozen. Every person interested in Llano should have a dozen of these cards. Send your orders direct to THE WESTERN COMRADE, LLANO, CAL. Telephone Home A-4533 HARRIMAN & LEVIN Attomey1 at Law 921 Hiuina Buildina · ... l' �The Western Page thirty S Law Book Free llJDY LAW. and become the man of power in your community. The farmers of North · Dakota captured the State Government, and · found thai they needed law-trained men in office to fight the big interests which have their lawyers in the Legislature to make their laws, and in the Courts to defend and interpret them. There are opportunities awaiting YOU. Gel ready for them-study Law at home in your spare time. We prepare you for the Bar examination. Guarantee bonq. for refund of money if dissatisfied. Degree of LL. B. conferred. Hundreds of successful students enrolled. Fourteen-volume -Law Library upon enrollment. Low cost-easy terms. Be inde'pendenl. Be a Leader. Write today for free law book-"Law and the People." THE PEOPLE'S COLLEGE, Dept. D, FORT SCOTT, KANSAS. Comrade Reduced Freight Rates on Shipments of Household Goods from all Eastern points to Cali·fornja Members of tloe Llano del Rio Colony will find it especially advantareous to make their shipments through the JUDS0 N Freight Forwarding Co. 443 Marquette bldg, 640 Old South bldg, Boatmen's Bank bldg, 855 Monadnock bldg. Chicago; 324 Whitehall bldg, New York; Boston; 435 Oliver bldg, Pittsburg; 1537 St. Louis; 518 Central bldg, Los Angeles; San Francisco. WRITE NEAREST OFFICE. \:\ J ! -· Are You Getting Fat? My system is sensible and produces results. Natural, and benef,cial to health. No drugs, no medicines. Those who have used it are well pleased. Begin reducing NOW. Send $3.00 for my $5.00 complete course of lrealmenls. MRS. CECIL M. WILLIAMS, LLANO, CAL. J To Friends of the Llano Colony Many misleading and untrue slalemenls are being circulated about this Colony and its affairs. · We have just issued a leaHet signed by 130 residents and attested by Notary public, concerning what we have. We call on our friends lo send for as many leaHets as they can distribute for ·us, or lo send the names of those to whom we may mail them. Write at once. Membership Department, Llano del Rio Colony. Llano, California Comrade Subscription and Book List THE LLANO COLONIST; One Cent a Week, Fifty Cents a Year. THE WESTERN COMRADE; Fifty Cents a Year, Six Months 25c. After May 1; 7Sc a yeu, 40c six months, JOe a copy. BOTH: Present rate, 7Sc a year; After May ], $1.00 a year. CANADIAN RATES: LLANO COLONIST: 2c a week; $1.00 a year. WESTERN COMRADE: 75c a year; After May I, $1.00 a year. BOTH: $1.50 a year; After May I, $2.00 a year. COMBINATION OFFERS Choice of the LLANO COLONIST or the WESTERN COMRADE with National Rip-Saw or American Socialisl............................. 75 Appeal lo Reason or lnternalion, ( Socialist Review........ $125 Pearson's Magazine or The · Masses................................ l.75 Milwaukee Leader (daily) ..................................................4.25 (Canadian subscribers add 25c for each monhly and SOc for uch weekly in these combinations) BUY YOUR BOOKS FROM THE WESTERN COMRADE SO cent list: $1.50 list: Anarchism · and Socialism, Ceo. Plechanoff ; Art of Lecturinc, Arthur M. Lewis ; Clan Strunles in America, A. M. Simons ; Doinc us Good-and Plenty, Charles Edward Russell; Etlaics and tlae Materialist Conception of History, Karl Kautsky; Tlae Evolution of Man, Wm. Boelsche; The Law of Bi'ocenesis, J. Howard Moore; Tile Positive Sclaool of Criminolocr. Ernest Ferri; Socialism for Students, joseph E. Cohen ; Tlae Strunle between Science and Superstition, Arthur M. Lewis;Value, Price and Profit, Karl Marx; Wlaat's So and Wlaat Isn't, j ohn M. Work. Ancient Society, Lewis H. Morgan ; Barbarous Mexico, ) ohn Kenneth T umer; History of tho Great American Fortunes, Gustavus Myers; The Visioninr, Susan Glaspell. $1.00 list: Principles of Scientific Socialism, Chas. H. Vail; The Commonsense of Socialism, john Spargo. Economic Determinism, or tile Economic Interpretation of HistorY, Lida Parce; God and my Neiclabor, Robert Blat~ford; Industrial Problem•, N. A. Richardson; Prince Hqeu, Upton Sinclair; Savace Survivals in Hiclaer Peoples, J. Howard Moore; Stories of tile Great Railroads, O.as. Edw. Russell ; Tlaoucilts of a Fool, Evelyn Gladys ; Lon'• Coaainc of Ace, Edward Carpenter; Abysmal Brate, Jack London. ne $2.00 list: The Ancient Lowly, C. Osborne Ward ; Capital, A Critique of Po· litical Economy, Karl Marx (3 volumes, $6. Separately at $2 each) 25 cent list : 10 cent list : The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels; Revolution, Jack London ; The flicilt to be Laxy, Paul Lafargue; Tile Socialists, Wilo Tiley are and Wlaat tlaey Stand for, John Spargo; Tile Strenctil of tile Stronc, Jack London. THE WESTERN COMRADE, Llano, California �The Western Com r ade Get Your Local or Your Union to Order Job Harriman's address to the jury at th~ close of the Schmidt 1 al. If you had read the evidence or had listened to the trial you would not ask Was Schmidt Guilty_? because the evidence so overwhelmingly proves that he is not. It is the story of the real conspiracy that sent Schmidt to jail for life. (Testimony from witnesses Clark, Dugan, and McManigal was admitted.) ""Dugan! Who is Dugan? He is a self-confessed felon. He was expelled from the Iron Workers Union. He is the Dugan who shot and killed his wife and daughter in Indianapolis." "McManigal is a self-confessed murderer. The prison doors were opened, this criminal McManigal shook off his chains, w..lked out, was given $1000 by the County of Los Angeles, and told to ge his way in peace." Page thirty-OM PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW FOR THE BIG SPECIAL Anniver&ary Number OF It will be the May Issue and will be & history of the development of the biggest co-operative colony in the world. There will be pictures showing progress, what has been done. ' IT WILL COST TEN CENTS A COPY beginning May first; the rate goes up to 7Sc a year. We cannot longer afford to give such value for the old price. Increasing costs make it necessary to raise rates. Of course if you should subscribe before 'VIay first it will be at the present rate of SOc. REMEMBER THESE RATES : Single copies, Anniversary number, JOe; Bundles of 10, Anniversary number, 7Sc ; Bundles of 20 or more at Sc a copy. {Special rates to dealers.) The rate for the LLANO COLONIST will remain at SOc a year. Combination of both to one name and address, $1.00 a year. Subscription cards sold prior to May I will be redeemed at the present rate if used before july I. Canadian rates will be $1.00 a year for either the COMRADE or the COLONIST. Combination rates for the Llano Publications will not be made outside the U. S. Subscribe or extend your subscription at once. Url!e your friends to do so. Contest workers should buy cards at once to be used during the contest. Every Unio- !~~an should learn how he may fare in the so-called impartial courts. Any of them may get what Schmidt got. CLASSIFIED ADS ' :;:.,•• ' Socialist who wants first hand evidence of capitalistcontrolled court proceedings should have this for propaganda. Rates : 25c a line for one insertion; 15c a line thereafter. Twelve words to the line. Advertising payable in advance. Every Fair-Minded Person honestly seeking information and loving justice should read this tale of a dishonest conviction. When Capitalism Desires a Conviction It Geh It. Read how it con bt secured. The newspapers never told these things. Why ? Did you know the real facts about this case? You'll wonder if the McNamaras were really guilty and you'll wonder why they confessed. SEND IN YOUR ORDERS AT ONCE . Single Copies 25c. Quantity Rates to Locals and Unions. TheWestern Comrade, Llano, Cal. ~ pend a Cent a \Veek This is the Snhscription Oller the LLANO COLONIST makes for a short time If you ore interested in the LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY take the subscription of the man who asks you · about it or who seems interested. Figure subscriptions at ONE CENT A WEEK. Thus, JOe pays for 10 weeks, 17c pays for 17 weeks, 25c for 25 weeks, 33c for 33 weeks. The LLANO COLONIST gives the news of C\)·operatives everywhert, and is devoted particularly to the LLANO DEL RIO COLONY. the greatest and most complete co-operative enterprise in the United States. THE LLANO COLONIST (Weekly); Fifty Cents a Year {Canada $1.00) With the COMRADE. 75c a year. After May I. $1.00 HELP BOOST THE CIRCULATION TO 2S,OOO BY jULY I, 1917. The Llano Publications, Llano, California. WANTED-CAMERAS. THE WES-TERN COMRADE WOULD LIKE to get a few good cameras of standard sizes for renting purposes. WANTED- GAS ENGINES, 6 TO 12 H. P. STATE MODEL, DESIGN, name, age, condition, and give full description. WESTERN COMRADE. WANTED-SECOND-HAND MULTIGRAPH. GIVE YEAR AND MODEL. Must be in first class condition ; will accept as payment on membership fee. Membership Dept., Llano, Cal. WANTED-OFFICE EQUIPMENT OF ALL KINDS ; DESKS. TYPEwriters, filing cabinets, and general equipment. Communicate with the Western Comrade Office, Llano. California. WANTED- TYPEWRITERS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL Write in care "f the Western Comrade. SHEEP WANTED- THE. COLONY DESIRES TO OBTAIN SHEEP. ADdress communications to Frank L. Wright, Llano del Rio Colony, Llano. Cal. WANTED-MOVING PICTURE PROJECTING MACHINE. COMMUNIcate with the Membership Department, Llano del Rio Colony, Llano, Cal. WANTED- BUTCHER WITH ICE MACHINE FOR THE MEAT DEpartment. Communicate with the Llano del Rio Colony, Llano, Cal. WANTED-TWENTY FIVE LEGHORN ROOSTERS. MUST BE PURE blood and first class stock. Will exchange pure bred white leghorn roosters. Write to Geo. T. Pickett, Llano del Rio Colony, Llano, Cal. WANTED-OLD INGRAIN AND BRUSSELS CARPETS. ALSO WHITE and colored rags for rug material. Rug department, Llano del Rio Colony. WANTED-TOOLS AND OTHER EQUIPMENT FOR THE INDUSTRIAL training department at the junior Colony. Hammers, saws and carpenter tools of all kinds, as well as tools and equipment for other trades. Address George T. Pickett, Llano, California. WANTED--EXPERT SEED AND BULB GROWER. SHOULD BE FAmiliar with California desert soil and climate. Llano del Rio Colony. WANTED-ATHLETIC EQUIPMENT FOR THE GYMNASIUM JrO BE installed at the junior Colony. Communicate with Geo. T. Pickett, Llano. FOR SALE.- BREEDING RABBITS. BELGIANS. NEW ZF f\LANDS, AND Flemisb Giantl. W.e can supply all ages up to eight month~- For further information address Rabbit Department, Llano del Rio Col1ny, Llano, Cal, �( Daniel Booneearned a permanent place in American history because he was a fearless pioneer. He fought against terrific odds. In the face of seeming insurmountable obstacles, he persevered. He had those sterling American traits we admire most. When disappointments came that would have defeated the ordinary man he fought on. His dauntless courage earned him the lasting 'gratitude of a nation.' HAVE YOU COURAGE, STEADFASTNESS OF P U R P 0 S E. P A TI E N C E. PERSISTENCE, ABILITY, VISION, AND WILLINGNESS TO CO-OPERATE? t] It requires men and women of these characteristics to build Llano. It is not a place for idlers, for those who seek the smoothest way, for those who want ease and plenty, for those who expect life to give them a pension. t] Llano has no place for the whiner, the disgruntled, the fau lt-finder, the incompetent, the man who can not s and on his own feet. t] But Llano wants the man of VISION, of ABILITY. of INITIATIVE, of PATIENCE, the man who can meet obstacles with a smile, and surmount the worst of them. Llano wants men and women who are empire-builders, the strong of heart and the indefatigable of purpose. t] DOES THAT INCLUDE YOU? t] The army of Co-operation is asking for recruits. It is the army of peace, and Llano the outpost of Progress. Will YOU volunteer? Have you the ideal and the courage? Will you stand with your comrades shoulder to shoulder and light the good battle for Freedom? t] Llano wants recruits. Are you ~dy to help co-operate and to benefit by co-opera~on? f We Want ·the Names of Your Friends So We Can Send Them Our New Leaflet "Llano del Rio Colony A Success"-Send For As Many As You Can Distribute. SEND FOR THE "GATEWAY TO FREEDOM" Uano del Rio Co-operative Colony LLANO. CALIFORNIA � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-03 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Description An account of the resource Art and Education Number Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-03 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v04n11_191703 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-08-01 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v04n11 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Llano -- Community of Ideals The New State Executive by Walter Thomas Mills Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/7ee4c6f45f0deeea23c2ada3a61a8e9b.pdf 8ef116662be9b265f6802bacbe773183 PDF Text Text .. I Social and Propaganda Number ~ Lhtj ~lh ....... - Otcl NYCi NY at Picketing the Ranches The Story of the Rise of the Ranch Hands in the Fruit Belt of Central California with Five Nationalities being Formed into One Fighting Group to Maintain Better Working Conditions ""IIIIIIUilltllllllllillilillllllllllllnliJIJIIIIIII"" Remaking the Party In California The Socialists of California Held a State Convention at Fresno, February 17-18-19, and Adopted the· Most Revolutionary and BusinessLike Tactics Ever Incorporated Into Any Socialist Party Program . .,,,lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllln"• Llano-a Social Success Llano was Founded Partly for Social Advantages ; This Tells How Colonists Enjoy Them ....llllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll..,. Editorials by Job Harriman I 1 "' I ~ ~ ..u••mill!llliiiiiHIIIIIIIIIIII:IIllltUUI/IUinn... I A i ~ §! By R o b e r t K. Wi I I i a m s De~~ F~~~. ?i::r:~. Work I I L ............._...JI IliUl UI Ul iUI ID!IU I I I~ UI Ui l l l {dU nil UI I IUDI WDI~ February, 1917 Price Five Cents a Copy �'The Gateway To · Freedom .. Through Co-operative Action T HE LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY is situated in the beautiful Antelope valley in Los Angeles - County, California. The Colony lies close to the Sierra Madre range where an abundance of clear, sparkling water f rom mountain springs is sufficient to irrigate thousands of fertile acres. The climate is mild and delightful, the soil is fertile, and markets are not far distant. The Llano del Rio Colony is a horticultural, agricultural, and stock-raising enterprise, with such manufacturing as will supply the needs of the colonists, with perhaps something to sell when the Colony has grown. . • T LLANO OFFERS YOU ESCAPE FROM- liE electric light bill, the water bill, the doctor's _StU, the drug bill. the telephone bill, the gas bill, lhe coal bill, the dentist'• bill. tl.e school book supplies bill, the sewer assessment bill. and car fare, the annoyance of the back door peddler and beggar (Henry Dubbs who think the trouble is individual hard luck), the hundred and one greater and smaller burdens on the householder. and the lean weeks caused by disemploymeni and the consequent fear of the future. There is no landlord and no rent '• charged. While they are charged with living expenses, for food and clothing. the colonists never fear meeting the grocery bill, the milk, the clothing bill. the laundry bill, the butcher's bill, and other inevitable and multitudinous bills that burden the struggling workers in the outside world. For the tax bill he has no fear. The colony officials attend to the details of all overhead. To colonists the the ultimate holding of every member, this is considered a strong protective clause. The incorporation charter is also the usual type and gives the corporation the righ t to transact almost all manner of business. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, safe, and well construed. There is no disposition on the part of state officials to interfere. DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES I N conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inflexible rules and regulations the greater the harmony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a set of laws the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration follows: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over those of any individual. Liberty of action is only permissible when it does not restrict the libNty of another. Law is a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community at large. Values created by the Community shall be vested in tire Community alone. HE LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a remarkable form of management that is the result of evolution. The management of the affairs of the Colony industries is in the hands of the department managers. In each department there are divisions. Over some of these divisions are foremen. All these are selected for their experience and fitness for the position. At the department The individual is not justly entitled to more land than is sufficient to satisfy a reasonable desire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be held by private ownership. Talent and intelligence are gifts which should rightly be used in the service of others. The development of these by education is the gift of the Community to the individual. and the exercise of greater ability entitles none to the false rewards of greater possessions. but only to the joy of greater service to others. Only by identifying his interests and pleasures with those of others can man find real happiness. The duty of the individual to the Community is to develop ability to the greatest degree possible by availing himself of all educational facilities and to devote the whole extent of that ability to the service of all. The duty of the Community to the individual is to administer justice, to eliminate greed and selfishness, to educate all and to aid meetmgs as many persons as can crowd en the room art: always any in time of age or misfortune. amusements, sports, pastimes, dances, en tertainments and all educational facilities are free. T present. COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT These meetings are held regularly and they are unique in that no motions are ever made. no resolutions adopted and no minutes aro kept. The last action on any matter supercedes all former action and this stands until the plans are changed. The plan is working most admirably and smoothly. At these meetings the work is discussed and planned, reports are given, teams allotted, workers are shifted to the point where the needs are grt>atest, and machinery is put on designated work, transportatio n is ;tr- ranged, wants are made known and hUed as nearly as possible. The board of directors, memb~rs of which are elected by the stockholders, meets once a week and has charge of the financial and business management of the enterprise. These directors are on the >arne basis as all their comrades in the colony. At the general assembly all persons over eighteen years of age. residing in the colony. have a voice and vote. M NO CONSTITUTION OR BY-LAWS ANY persons who want to know how the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community are conducted think, in order to get this information. they must secure a copy of a constitution and by -laws. There is no constitution. The Llano Community contents itself with a "declaration of principles" which is printed below. The management of the Colony rests with the board of managers. a member of which is the superintendent and his two assistants. These managers are selected for their fitness and ability. The business and financial affairs of the enterprise are conducted by the board of directors who are elected by the stockholders. The corporation by-laws are the stereotyped corporation by -laws of almost every •tate. The only innovation is in the restricting of anyone from voting more than 2000 shares of stock, regardless of how many shares are held. As this is to be SOUND FINANCING NECESSARY P ERSONS cannot be admitted to residence at the colony upon the payment of $10.00 or any other sum less than the initial payment fee. Hundreds write and suggest they be al- lowed to pay a small arr.ou nt, or in some cases. nothing at all, then enter the colony and w.,rk. out the remainder of their shares. If the colony permitted this there would soon be a hundred thousand applications. The money derived from these initial payments is used to pay for land, improvements, machinery, and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. It takes considerable time to bring a large agricultural undertaking to a productive point The colony must proceed along sound fina.ncial lines in ordN to continue its present success. This fact must be obvious lo all. The manage- ment of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unminclful .,f the fact that there is a numberless army that cannot take advantage of this plan of co-operation. Many letters come in that breathe bitter and deep disappointment. No one could regret this more than we do. It is our hope that the day will come when successful co-operative groups can say lo their stripped. rob- bed and exploited b•others: "You who tome with willing hands and understanding of comradeship and co-operation are welcome."' 'lhe installment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month is proving satisfactory. On this plan the absent comrade is providing for the future while his brothers and sisters on the land are bearing the brunt of the pioneering. Families entering the colony begin to draw from the commissary. Some of the food, all the clothing. much of the material they draw. costs money. The initial membership fee goes to offset the sup;><>rt of families until the colony shall be on a paying basis. �Write today for an application blank, fill it out and send together with a remittance of $10 or more to secure your membership. You can then arrange to pay $10 a month or more until you can so adjust your affairs that you can make final payment and .join your comrades who have already borne the fint brunt of pioneering. W IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED HEN a member of the colony dies his shares and credits like any other property, go to his hein. Only Caucasians are admitted. We have had applications . from Negroes, Hindus, Mongolians and Malays. The rejection of these applica· tions is not due to race prejudice but because it is not deemed expedient to mix races in these communities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. All household goods and other shipments should be consigned to the name of the owner, Palmdale, California, care Llano Colony. Goods will be looked after by the colony freightman until ordered moved to Llano. All shipments should be prepaid, otherwise they cannot Le moved and stora.ge or demurrage may be charged. Freight transportation between the colony and the station is by means of auto truck$. Passengers are carried in the colony's auto stages. In shipping household goods, it will be well to ship only lighter goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and heavy articles should not be shipped from points where freight rates are high. Individuals may own their own automobiles and many colonists do own them. All livestock, poultry, etc., are kept in the departments devoted to those industries. The aim is to keep the residence portion of the colony clean and sanitary. LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS Among the industries of Llano, to which new ones are constantly being added, are: printshop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, cleaning and dyeing, warehouse, machine shop, blacksmith shop, rug works, planing mill, paint shop. lime kiln, saw mill, dairy, cabinet shop, nursery, alfalfa, orchards, poultry yards, rabbitry, gardens, hog raislng. two stages, lumbering, magazine, newspaper, doctors' offices, woodyard, vinegar works, bakery. fish hatchery, barber shop. dairy goals, baths, swimming pool, studios, two hotels, drafting ro<>ru, post office, commissary, camping ground, Industrial school, grammar school, Montessori school, commercial classes, library, women's exchange, two weekly dances, brass band, mandolin ' club, two orchestras, quartets, socialist local, jeweler. PLAN OF ORGANIZATION Fallowing is the plan which has proven successful: each shareholder agrees to buy 2,000 shares of capital stock. Each pays in cash or installments, $1,000. Each pays in labor, $1,000. Each receives a daily wage of $4, from which is deducted one dollar for the stock he is working out. From the remainder comes his living expenses. Whatever margin he may have above deduction for stock and living expenses is credited to his individual account, payable out ef the surplus profits of the enterprise. If an installment member falls ill, is disabled or disemployed, the Colony gives him every opportunity to recover and resume payments. In no case will he be crowded. If he finds it impossible to resume payments, we will, upon request, issue stock for the full amount he has paid. This is transferable and may be sold to his best advantage. In this we will endeavor to assist wherever practicable. Corporations are ru: t allowed by law to deal in their own stock. GENERAL INFORMATION ~l Ill The Llano del Rio Colony is the greatest Community enterprise ever attempted. It was founded by Job Harriman, May lst. 1914, and is solving the . problem of disemploymenl and business failure. It offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their families. It is a perfect example of Co-operation in Action. No community organized as it is, was ever established before. The purpose is to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employment for the workers; to assure safety and comfort for he future and for old age; to guarantee education fo·r the children in the best schools; and to provide a social life amid sur- It has more. than 800 residents, makin:: it the largest town in the Antelope Vall~y. Moe·, than 200 children attend the schools. Part of the children gel meals at the school; some live at the Industrial school all the time. The Montessori school is in operation, taking the children from 2Yz to 6 years of age. A new school building is soon to be built on the new townsite. The County school and the Colony Industrial schools are both in operation. High school work is planned. In _the Industrial school botany, domestic science, languages, agricuture, biology, practical farming and the regular grammar school subjects are taught by competent teachers. Manual training is already being taught; buildings are now qnder construction. The children care for a Rock of milk goals, chickens, turkeys, and many acres of garden. They are very successful. They build their own buildings ; the girls learn sewing and cooking; the children produce much of what they consume; portiom of their clothing is made by the sewing classes; they have their own horses, wagons and farm implements; they own pigs and a number of pets. Besides learning co-operation and developing a sense of responsibility, they enjoy acquiring, an education under these conditions. They plan to go extensively into the raising of chickens and turkeys during the coming year. The Colony owns a fine herd of 12S Jersey and Holstein cattle, more than II 0 of which will soon be in t.'te milk str>ing. More than I 00 head of young stock are on the range, being heifers and calves up to 2 years of age. Over 100 head of horses and mules, including colts, are owned by the Colony. These, with the tractor and caterpillar engine, four trucks, and numerous autos, do the hauling and the work on the land. Thoroughbred Duroc Jersey and Berkshire pigs, as well as many grades, are in the extensive new pens just built. Pure strains will be developed and registrations kept up. In the nursery are thousands of grape cuttings and shade and fruit trees. Many will be planted this year. About 400 acres of orchard are now in. Community gardening is successful, and an increased acreage will be put in each year. The ideal is to farm on an extensive scale, using all manner of efficient labor saving machinery and methods, with expert and experienced men in charge of the different departments. Llano possesses more than 668 stands of bees. They are cared for by expert bee men of long experience. This department expects to have several thousand stands in a few years. The Colony has secured timber from the San Gabriel Reserve, and has a well equipped sawmill. Lumber worth $3S to $40 a thousand costs the Colony only a few dollars a thousand. Social life is delightful, baseball and football learns, dances, picnics, swimming, hunting, camping, all being popular. A band, several orchestras. a dramatic ' club. and other organizations assist . in making the social occasions enjoyable. Alfalfa does extraordina rily well at Llano. Much h~s been planted and the acreage will be inco eased as rapidly as possible. Six good cuttings a season can be depended on. Ditches lined with cobblestone set in Llano lime, making them permanent, conserve water and insure economy. They will be built as fast as possibie. A square mile has been set aside for the new city. With the sawmill running, the lime kiln producing a very superior lime, and with sand and rock abundant and adobe brick easily manufactured, the time is near when permanent buildings will be erected on · the new site. It will be a city different in design from any other in the world, with houses of a distinctively differen t a rchitecture. Houses will be comfortable, sanitary, handsome, home-like, modeTJI. and harmonious with their surroundings, and will insure greater p rivacy than any other houses ever constructed. They are unique and designed especially for Llano. The Weekly newspaper, THE LLANO COLONIST, gives the news of the world. of the Socialist and Labor movement in condensed form. It carries the Colony news, etc.. The subscription rate is SOc a year (Canada, $ 1.00). The WESTERN COMRADE is tho Colony's illustrated monthly magazine with articles of general interes! and pictures of Colony life and development. The rate is now SOc a year. After Ma,. 1, 1917, the ra te will be 7Sc a year, IOc a copy. Present combination rate for BOTH is 7Sc a year, ~l : : =ro~u~n:;d:;i~n~g:;s:;Uano be~t:;le~r~th:;a~n~c:.a;~n~be~del ~fo:;~un~d: =i~n;Rio ~th=e=·~c~o=m=pe~tCompany, =it~iv~e: =w~o~r=ld:;.~: =~: =a~n=d: =a~ft=e:Llano, r~M=a=y~l=s=t,~$=1.~0 ~=a~y~eCalifornia :;a~r: =(~F~o=re=i=g~n: =po~sl=a=g~e~e=x=t~r~a)=.~= ~: =~ ADDRESS All COMMUNICATIONS AND MAKE All PAYMENTS TO THE �- February Issue Nibeteen Seventeen Table of Contents Page Pa.ge Education for Freedom............................................ l8 Cover Page Typical Hindoo laboror now on strike -..;rh the Agricultural Union. By Wesley Zornes. Education must change lo comply with modern requirements. An idea of what is required. Editorials ······---------------'-----------------------------,-------····--- 5 The Socialist City...................................................... l9 By A. CoRslance Austin. instructive series. By job Harriman. Llano-A Social Success _____ _____ __________ --------------------· 8 Robert. K. Williams tells how the social features of Llano are its most significant aspect. Picketing the Ranches ____ _______ ________ ______________ _____________ IO The story o f the rise of the humblest and rnosl defenseless of workers and how he is beginning lo feel his powe r throu gh organization. "Measures First" in California _________ ____ ____________ _________ l2 A discus.ion of the legislation which the reorganized and now tho roughly radical Socialist Party of California is Ia agitate during the next campaign. Remaking the Party in California _________________ 14 The Socialist Pa rty in California once led the Socialist procession. It was the first to feel the decay due lo its own follies. and is now leading in finding the way out. Deep Sea Diver Tells of Undersea Work _______ _____ __ ___ _l6 Frank A. Davis, of Hawaii, member of the Llano del Rio Colony, tells how it feels Ia wo rk under the waves. Another in this interesting and The Spirit of Llano..................................................20 Dr. john Dequer discusoes another phase of heahhenviromnent. A Woman's Appreciation of Llano..........................21 Laila Culbertson Jarvis visits Llano- then tells about it . The Adoption of Gray Eyes......................................22 · Another charming story by Helen Frances Easley. Nettles for Politicians...............................................25 By Clinton Bancroft. Shall We Do Something Different? .......... . ______ -25 By A. E. Briggs. The New Day...........................................................25 By Edmund R. Brumbaugh What Thinkers Think __________ ____ ___ ______ _______________ _________26 Taken from the leading magazine articles of January. Reviews of Recent Radical Books............................27 News of the Circulation Contest FIRST PRIZE $1000 Membership in the Llano del Rio Colony SECOND PRIZE $500 worth of Llano Stock THIRD PRIZE $200 worth of Llano Stock FOURTH PRIZE $100 worth of Llano Stock NEXT FOUR PRIZES Eacn $50 in Llano Stock OVER 25 SUBS Your Choice of a Variety of Llano Products 15 TO 25 SUBS A Henry Dubb Statuette and a copy of "Was Sehmidt Guilty?" 10 TO 15 SUBS A Henry DBbh Statuette AN ADVERTISING CONTESTANT " Your letter received, and glad Ia hear you will furnish me with literature. Anything you send will be used to good advantage. "The twenty-first of this month the worke rs institute has a masquerade and I will dress up as a Henry Dubb just in ord<r to draw allen· tion and gel subscribers. "There are many things I would like Ia do, but Wilson prosperity hasn't come my way yet. Well, by the lime the contest closes the Chieago Socialists will know that there is a co-operative eHorl iu a little plaee eaUed Uano, because I am going to spread the news, and I am going lo win, and if I don' t it won't be my fault, and anything you do for me will be for the eause of co-opera lion and Sociahsm, Yours far sueees•. C. C.. ill•." "Comrade Sandner, wiuuer of the speeial prize for january, sends in more subs and •ays: "Re- cei¥ed my rug 0 . K. raoe by this time? Thanls. . . How is the • . They'U have to go some lo beat yours truly, l.elievc me. Enclosed lind postal o rder for subscriptions. I am .g lad I enrolled in the Contest."" INTERESTS OTHERS " I have read one of your weekly an__d one of your monthly pape rs and have passed them roun_d among my brother workmen, and they have found them interesting and want lo gel more acqu.aint.,d with your Colon) through your publications and a re here with sul>scribing fo r ~ame. Enclosed f1nd $3.00 f.,r subscriptions. j . N. F. Lowa." ]. W. Berg. enrolling in the eon lest, ,writes : visited the (,olony l.a sl week, and I was very mueh plea<ed with the way things ar~ going tb.ere. I have received my first paper and I like it ver-y mueh. . ''I h a ve decided to h«.ome a booster for the paper•. 1 don't expeel · to sd.l v~y many a_s I am not acquainted around b._ere, b.u..l l'U l!y. So plea_oe send me information rega.rding pr~c.e;~ of both tne COMRADE and the COLONIST." "I �Co-operation Political Action Direct Action The Western Comrade Devoted to tloe Cause of tloe Workers Entered as second-class matter November 4th, 1916, at "the post office at Llano, California, under Act of March 3, 1879. PUBLISHED EAGI MONlH AT UANO. CALIFORNIA. SUBSCRIPTION RATE, SOc a Year; Canada, 7Sc; After May 1st, 75c a year; Canada $1.00; Single Copies _:_ IOc. _ STAFF JOB HARRIMAN FRANK E. WOLFE ERNEST S. WOOSTER ~7 Managing Editor. Editor. Business Manager _____ _ Contributing Editors ROBERT K. WilLIAMS A. CONSTANCE AUSTIN MILDRED G. BUXTON DR. JOHN DEQUER CLINTON BANCROFT WESLEY ZORNES In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing department may be certain that the right name is being changed. VOL. IV No. 10 LLANO, CALIFORNIA, FEBRUARY, 1917 Ed • I t 0 r • I a I s T HE program of the Socialist Party of it been taken fifteen years ago our vote By Job Harriman California is being copied far and wide. would have numbered in the millions. But our party has assumed the guardianship of Most of the reprints, however, miss the real point. In the "Milwaukee Leader" the following statement the workers' political interests. The intellectuals have had from the pen of C. B. Randolph is found: "I have been strong- more confidence in their own wisdom ( ?) than in the logical ly opposed to the non-partisan movement and can yet string sequence of economic events. We have made a religion of out arguments against it by the yard, but I find that I can our philosophy instead of a working hypothesis. We have been marching to the beating string out an equal number of of our drums and tambourines yards against ourselves." PROGRAM OF THE SOCIALIST PARTY OF CALIFORNIA rather than lugging stones We have not, and do not (Adopted at the State Convention held at Fresno, Feb. 17-19) and carrying water. urge non-partisan action, but I. State ownership and management of the water power and If our philosophy ts true we do urge action by the Sotelephone systems of this state. let us begin to put it into cialists of this country. 2. Packing houses, cold storage plants, Hour mills, and granaries practice. to be built, owned, and operated at cost by the stale at all Not only do we urge action practicable points. Let us use the powers we but we are positive that the 3. State-wide freight and panenger .automobile service to be have that we may gain more. owned and operated by the stale at cost. Socialist Party must be vitally 4. Freight and passenger steamship line plying between both Harvests must be gathered connected with the labor unihome and foreign ports, to be owned and operated by the else the grain will rot and state at cost. ons, farmers' organizations, S. State to market all products at cost to producers. we will starve. and the co-operative enter6. Single tax. -o7. Migratory voting law permitting the casting of ballets at any prises of this country. They point the voter may be on election day. are opening up the fountains ILIT_ARISM is t~e ~ipe 8. Proportional representation and social insurance. frmt of i:apttahsm. of life for the workers of the Every capitalist insists upon land. It is they who are doing the real work. We . are only talking. We must not only running his business. Every c:-.pitalist government insists upon permit them to fight polilically but we must get out of their running its business. Democracy under capitalism? A fiery furnace under ice? way that they may fight without restraint. And yet there are those who think universal military trainIt is not they who should help us but it is we who should ing is a democratic institution. Under this impulse millions help them politically. of people are now attending great mass meetings, shouting and This has been our stand for many years. The New York "Call" is the first Socialist paper to setze clamoring for universal military training. Little they know that they are traveling the death road to the trenches. upon the vital point in this agitation. They are rolling the stone back from the tomb that their The editor refer~ to a few of us as pioneers in the move to open the doors of the Socialist Party to the labor organiza- sons may enter. When the tomb closes it will end all for them. tions. This move on our part dates back to, about 1900. just No angel will roll it back and call them forth. No three days who was first to start the move cannot be said. During all resurrection will awake them from their sleep. They will sleep those years we have gradually gaineed ground until finally the the sleep that knows no waking. They will have fought for slavery, bled for slavery, died for State of California has taken the bold and necessary step. This step is necessary to the life of the Socialist Party. Had slavery, and the children of the warbrides may wear the chains, M �Edotoriah Pa~ •ix W The We~tern Cc:unrade: AD the cells of our bodies thus made become:. as it were, a reservoir from which our actions spring, and br which our impulses are largely determined.' These actions a.nd impulses return pure and sweet, or polluted and vicious, according as the blood was purified or polluted by our prevailing conscious ideas while the cells were building and the habits we~e forming. The cells thu$ built are character. They are our life. They live and we move and act by impulse and habit as the character and quality of the cells prompt. Our present industrial and commercial system is so ordered that each man must compete or struggle against the other for the economic advantage after which they are striving. The prize for which they are all struggling is defined as profits. The successful man, in whatever avenue, expects a net return over and above a reasonable salary and interest upon his investment. This net return is the prize he gels without rendering an economic equivalent. It is something for nothing. Something for nothing is the highway to hell. This highway is paved with lies, fraud, graft and theft, murder and every dishonorable and corrupting influence. Something for nothing is the premium set by our industrial and fOmmercial system which induces such acts. By this premium we cause -·----0-HARACTER building has been reduced to a science by a continuous warring vicious state of mind that constantly means of the microscope. It has been disclosed that corrupts the blood and thereby depraves the character. -oevery action of the mind results in a corresponding chemical HE national character of every people is a composite of action that effects the blood. When the mother experiences all the individual characters developed under their instieither great anger or fright, the baby nursing immediately thereafter seriously suffers from poisoned milk. But the baby tutions. The individual as well as the composite character never suffers from nursing the milk of a joyous mother how- is in harmony with the institutions under whose influence they are evolved. Whenever the theory and principles of the preever intense the joy may have been. The blood is purified by the one class of ideas and polluted vailing institutions afford an opportunity of acquiring power without rendering equal power in return they necessarily inby the other. Whoever has experienced intense anger or fear or indulged duce any state of mind or any act that becomes necessary in similar feelings of hatred or reve~ge, knows what terrible to attain that power, whether that act be private or public headaches, derangements of the stomach and feelings of in nature. depression follow closely in their wake. Likewise is this true It is for this reason that the European war which was born of the intense ideas governing all the passions. out of a struggle for the profits to be gained by controlling But the feelings of love, honor, friendship, joy, purity, char- the world's commerce, found millions of soldiers willing to ity, and the like, however intense, leave the mind exuberant. lay down their lives for such commercial supremacy. They Thus, every experience that enters our mind through our had individually struggled for industrial or commercial adfive senses, passes through a state of ideas or feelings that vantage and they accordingly believed in the national struggle result in chemically purifying or polluting the blood which in for commercial advantage. turn builds the cells of the body out of the materials it As a result of this possible commercial advantage 20,000,.000 men have been killed, wounded or lost, $75,000,000,000 carnes. Those experiences that come, tarry awhile, like a bird in in cash have .been expended, about $100,000,000,000 of pro-the cage, and flit away, are soon forgotten. They cannot perty has been destroyed, and yet this 1 composite national injure or aid us much. character continues without a shudder to pour its men, money But those that return time after time and dwell m our and property into this whirlpool of blood and despair. The conscious thought until they are finally woven into cells, great factories in all countries exhibit a similar brutality, esbecome the very woof of our lives. pecially in child labor, in times of peace. Thereafter we are oblivious to their return, for they have The necessity for greater efficiency is compe1ling each war, passed from the fidd of conscious action into the realm of ring nation to take over the industries capable of ministering habit. In this respect we hav~ become automatic. to the public welfare. The ever pressing demand for greater HEN bread is unnecessarily scarce patience ceases to be a virtue. Bread riots are inevitable in the face of starvation. If our high officials were to pay less attention to the violations of international law by one belligerent. and more attention to embargo laws that would .prevent our feeding the other belligerent, we would not only have no food riots, but we would not become entangled in the war beyond the seas. We have shipped many hundreds of millions of dollars worth of food stuff to Europe during the last year to feed the men that they might murder each other. Now starvation is driving o.u r people to kill _each other for food. In the face of this terrible fact Congress has ~been asked to appropriate $400,000 for a slush fqnd to investigate the cause of high prices. Will the people never wake up? This age in not interested jn the preservation of human life but in the accumulation of cash. Cash is accumulated at the expense of life. Cash first and life second. This is the thought of the age in times of war and peace, at the bartering counter and at the mourners' bench. This is hell's harvest season. • C T �The Weolern Comrade Ed ito rials efficiency WJ11 become the world urge after the war is over. The public ownership of the industries will necessarily eliminate the profit system and with it will go the possibility of great fortunes. Nevertheless, men will still crave power. But the power now gained by taking something for nothing will then be gained by rendering superior public service. Ambition to conquer one's enemies and to crush them by superior economic power will be substituted by an aspiration to render a genuine and helpful public service. Now, the public character is exemplified by a Morgan; then, the love of a Lincoln will inspire the heart and shine in the public eye. The ambition to take power from others will pass away. The aspiration to help others will take its place. This transformation in private and public character will follow fast upon the heels of that common interest that is inherent in the public ownership of the industries. When men are bound together by mutual interests they will learn to love one another. All theJT experiences will be purified by the spirit of mutual interest and affection until the!r li ves will be so changed that wars will cease and the oil of humau kindness will spread over the troubled waters. T --0-- HE Llano physicians receive the same pay as all the other colonists. They are paid by. the Colony and not by the patient. It is to their interest to keep their patients well. But a stronger psychology among some IS manifesting itself. A certain indifference is born of the fact that pills cost nothing. They seem to forget that health is more easily preserved than acqu ired . The cry for health is too often the voice from the tomb. They will soon discover that health does not spring from pills but from an unpolluted fountain of life. With this realization will come in Llano the finest specimens of health and physique that are known in any land. T ---o-- HE tide in the affairs of the Socialist Party has turned for the better in the Fresno convention. If the plan of action laid down by that convention is adopted by the party, the doors \~ill be opened to the econamic organizations of th-.: working clas . The hhor unions, the farmers' organizations, and the co-operative · enterpri es will s;radually move into the p.uly and it w1ll beco•ne ·{italized with their tremendous power and energy. For the first time in the history of the ciali t Party in the • 'nito!d States, the Socialists in conention assembled h'!.Ve shewn t_itat they were no longer afraid of the organized portion of the working class; that they are not afraid that tht; working class will cease to work for their intt>rest~ e\·en if they have joined the Socialist Party. These o~anization . from time immemorial, have \\-urked for their interes~ and nothing can permanently divert them from their COl.l~e. On the other hand there \\:ere those in the convention who dewutly believe that Socialism is not at all concerned with the class struggle. They believe Socialism is a matter of ethics. Again there were those present who had brooded over the theory of the class struggle so long that they h d mad a. religion of their abstractions and could do nothing but chant the clause,s of the class struggle over every proposition th t was presented. Fortunately, however, there were enough of those who had · dealt sufficiently with the affairs of the world to keep their judgments balanced and to enable them to see that, if there is a class struggle it is because there IS A CLASS STRUGGLE and not because there is a phrase or clause stating the fact. They saw that literature did not make the struggle, but that the struggle made literature. They therefore brushed asid the literature and all previous precedents, and opened the doors of the party to the organizations of those engaged in th struggle, with absolute confidence that the struggle would still go on with the same determination and with greater efficiency. Not only did this convention open the doors of the party to the workers and their organizations but they provided a practical program in which they are all interested and for which they can all work. The program suggested by Llano was adopted without a change. To it was added the proposed Single tax law together with a few other propositions. These proposed laws will be drafted and the work of gathering signatures for the purpose of initiating them will at once proceed. The task is herculean. But if the economic organizations of the working class unite in the Socialist Party the task will be easily performed, and a working class party in fact will be born and possessed of power to peaceably transform our capitalist state into an industrial democracy. Let every Socialist buckle on his armor and renew his hope and determination to bring the economic organizations into the party and to submit the proposed measures to a popular vote of the citizens of the state of California. Fear not the results. The people of this state know well what they want. Let us give them an opportunity to vote, and they will cast these burdens to the winds. T --o-- HE day following Germany's peace proposal England add- ed one million more men and two billion dollars to her war force. When the allies turned a deaf ear to peace, Germany de-dared a relentless submarine war policy on all the world, and the United States broke off diplomatic relations. Question- Shall we have peace? There is no question - but it will be the peace that reigned at Warsaw. Would that such peace might reign among the power& of government instead of among the people. jaoob Loeb of the Chicago school board i1 urging military drill in schools. What a change would come over his heart if be could hear the Prince of Peace, of his own race. crying ..Suffer little children to come unto me, for of such is the kingdom of heaven." �Tbe Wes,teu, C<uxuade Page eight Llano-A Soc· al Succ.e ss ''T scene does my heart good," said a new arrival 1 ----~ HIS who has a large family, refer~ to the children's Thursday night dance. "Do you know," he said, "I have never danced in all my life-never had the opportunity. My children almost grown to manhood and womanhood have never danced--never had the opportunity. Really," he continued, "if Llano never offers or gives me more than the pleasure of attending these dances I shall feel repaid for all the effort I have made to become a member .of this Colony." This man echoes the sentiment of hundreds of people who have come to Llano. On Thursday night we have dances for the young people. On this evening the learner is 1ree to try and if he has the hardihood to br<jve what he thinks is everybody's eyes, he soon will become a proficient dancer. And think, not a cent is paid for the privilege of dancing in Llano. Not long ago, a group of us went to Palmdale and gave a concert. Comrade T urnwall's orchestra furnished the music. A crowd had collected to hear the concert and enjoy the dance. The night was cold. It was much nicer inside the building than outside, yet quite a number stood on the outside and listened because they could not afford to come in. I contrasted this situation with the conditions which prevail in Llano. Every one who cares may come to our concerts and dances. On Saturday night we have a grown-up folks dance. However the younger set is not barred. A splendid time is always enjoyed. Early in the evening, even before the supper tables are cleared and the floor swept, the dancers and spectators begin to arrive. Colonists collect together just as naturally as bees hive. There is no thought of doing anything else. The dance is on, hence they come. Please take a look at dance halls in the outside world. People there do not just naturally gravitate to the dance floor. No, the price ranges from $1.00 to $1.50- and a dollar fifty will buy almost eight pounds of onions. You girls and boys and older people who have never danced, will find here an opportunity to exercise your dormant desires and it will not cost you a cent either. By the way, recent quotations of vegetables are mounting and every indication points to still higher prices. The cost of everything else is advancing, too. Wages in many instances are going up, but more slowly. Wages will never overtake the cost of living. It is so arranged that a bare living is obtainable with no amusements on the side. It is a brave household that can spend fifty cents a week for amusements these days. These questions do not worry or agitate the householder in Llano. Our amusements are free and the cost of vegetables that we consume enters very lightly in our calculations. A six to sixteen piece orchestra furnish music for the dances. This orchestra is composed of men and women who work at other things during the week and practice together. W. A. Engle has taken charge of the orchestra recently and great inI terest is manifested by all the members. And the music! don't know much about music, but it pleases me and a lot of others. As time goes on the orchestra will get better. It can't help it. Anyone contemplating coming to the Colony and having musical instruments should bring them and line themselves up with the musical group. It is safe to say that no such musical treat can be enjoyed anywhere in the nation on the same terms. I believe the opportunity is greater to learn here than anywhere in the country, because the bugaboo of I By Robert K. Willia s rent and overhead charges do not engage your attention. The worry over this one thing alone is not inconsiderable, even len miles from Llano. This number of the magazine is to be devoted more or less to the social · side of Llano. The other day I took a long trip over the great plains below us. There were several in the car. We were looking over the feed possibilities for range stock, which by the way we found in abundance. It was really pitiful to see here and there little shacks, tents and unpretentious homes nestled among the creosote bushes and the waving sage. People lived in them, or in many of them. Bare spots showed evidence of clearing and beyond this, in most instances, there was no other improvement. Those in the car shuddered to think of the loneliness of such a life. The inhabitants of these places worked early and late and then went back to the quietude of their rooms and read or listened to the lonely wail of the wind or the piercing cry of the prowling coyote. This, too, to be continued for years, or until the claims were proved up. And then what? After it is deeded land the social life is absent. It does not seem to me that the advantages of owning a home on the lonesome desert below could ever compensate for the loss of social advantages. All there is in life anyway is the relation you sustain to your associates. To immure yourself off in some out-of-the-way place and face hardships alone seems hopeless to me. There are many who can do it, but we note the avidity with which they absorb pleasures when brought to them. Llano has all the advantages of the ranch and none of the social hardships. When the commission left Washington to investigate why people were living or not living, a few year:; ago, it found that the isolated denizens were·, as a rule, ignorant and fatalistic to a harmful degree. One of the recommendations of this high-priced commission was to urge these people to get together and exchange ideas as well as goods. On Sunday night a regular vaudeville is staged. The stage is not the handsomest thing in the world, nor is the hall a good place in which to sing or speak. The acoustics are poor. But. it is astonishing how well the performers "put it across." The programs consist of readings, orchestral numbers, other music, 511ch as the mandolins, guitars, harp, horns, e"tc. Songs, interspersed with talks on interesting subjects fill the evening. Recently the program was printed and as soon as the items can be arranged in time, programs will be printed regularly. There is much musical talent in the Colony- an astonishingly large amount. Comrad'! Banbury is succeeding in or• ganizing the singers. All new people who come to us arc asked to join his glee club. The chorus, which he conducts tries to have a number for each Sunday night. It is the in· tention to arrange a series of evenings, such as Scotch, Irish, etc., when only items representing the various nationalities will be put on. Llano people are exceeedingly busy. There are not enough nights in the week to do the things that seem necessary to do. It will not be long before a number of good plays will be produced. Several of the dramatic people are working hard to perfect their parts. Where else can one find opportunities to do this free of cost and without the fear of losing money by neglecti~ something else? There are lots of people I know who are not at all interested in this sort of thing and deplore it. But I am $afe in saying all those who are interested in social betterment. music of any description, dramatics or what not may find an �The Western Comrade Page njne opportunity to express themselves here. And ·it is the oppor- who wish \o meet together for purpo.-;es of a religious nature. But the social life is not to be thus definitely marked by tunity I am talking about. The man whom we quoted at the head of this article lost much of life's joy because he did not functions alone. The number of parties and dances ·is not have the opportunity. I am telling you we have the oppor- the only social life. Social intercourse is a constant joy. tunity in Llano to do the things you have always wanted to Everyone speaks to everyone else. There are no strangers. do, if you will only so arrange your time and work to niake it All meet at the commissazy. All fare alike. The creamery where they come for milk is a social institution inasmuch as possible. The opportunity to do things and learn things is yours if the women meet there and talk. you will but embrace the opportunity. One of the chief comOne of the newer features is the Women's Auxiliary, recently plaints here, in this regard, is that the days are too short and organized and which held a brilliant reception not long since. not enough in the week to fulfill the social obligations or attend It was a success in every respect and brought together the women who had recently come to the Colony, as it was inthe improvement classes. We have assemblies once a month. Everyone big enough to tended to do. Music was rendered and refreshments provided. Perhaps this description of social life should take in the be interested in anything comes the same as to other functions. Much information is gleaned from these assemblies. An op- social service that Llano as a community renders to her citiportunity is here afforded for the free expression of opinion. zens. There is, for instance, the system by which provisions, · F ref! speech is the rule. Now if anyone studies up a subject for a month and wants the opportunity of telling us what he knows. as long as it is pertinent he surely has the opportunity of ma king himself heard. In very few towns indeed is such a thing possible. After one is htre for awhile he forgets contrasting conditions. We are creatures of habit and it is so easy to accept things as our due. We enjoy assemblies, parties, musicals, dances and what not and give little thought to the conditions making it possible. Llano offers more intellectual advantages a n d divertisements, free of cost, than anywhere I can think of. The opportunity is here if one is Membe rs of the Llano Rod and Gun Club Return. with Something to Show for Their Marksmanship. willing to embrace it. Rabbits Abound in the Antelope Valley. L I a n o has a wealth of social features and her social institutions are becoming well established. The Llano Rod milk, wood, etc., are distributed. Nowhere else in the world and Gun club has been organized by the fishing and hunting are supplies handled as they are here. The wood yard is, of course, a municipal institution and the wood is hauled to the enthusiasts. It has a large and growing membership. The newly formed Llano club, with a charter membership homes of the residents, having first been cut into suitable that ran up to more than !50 members, all of whom are high- lengths in the wood yard. The milk is brought from the dairy ly enthusiastic, promises to take the lead in civic and social to the creamery for distribution. Vegetables, meat, groceries, etc., pass through the commissary. affairs. The band has long been organized and much is expected The social life of Llano is tangible in its most beautiful of it in the near future. · The Llano del Rio Colony stands aspects. Her Socialist Local is an eloquent example of Llano'~ ready at all times to donate the use of its band and other desire to make everything a social pleasure. The Llano Local musicians to the good of the Socialist cause in campaigns, is the lci.rgest in California, having over 300 members. At a during encampments or whenever they can be made useful for recent meeting held just prior to the Convention at Fresno, there was not one word of dissension or argument. The eleven Socialism. The children control their own dance. They have elected piece orchestra which rendered several pieces was made up of their director. It is an impressive sight, and one that the members of the Local, as also were those who rendered songs. visitor never forgets, to see the little tots of six or eight years Llano Socialists are keenly interested in the Socialist moveof age, boys and girls dancing together without bashfulness, ment, just as they always have been. learning ease of deportment, manners, grace, and enjoying Social life -Llano offers it to her citizens as does no other community in the · world. Those who seek the real things of . themselves hugely. Of course there are private parties and gatherings. The life, those who will work and co-operate, those who will do social life of Llano is one of the biggest features of co-opera- their part, those who would live the more pleasant life-they tive endeavor. Llano permits religious meetings, just as other can all find what they want in Llano, and with the growth of meetings are held, and a meeting place is provided for any Llano will come the realization of more of our dreams. �!he Western Comrade Page ten Picketing the· Ranches • HERE was a mild flurry of excitement in the Raisin might be a hopeless task to attempt to get them together. Belt of Central California whel) the Italian vine But in this emergency the American Federation of Labor pruners went on strike in January. It became more in the person of L. Keller came on the scene. Keller is a than a ripple of interest when the strikers were re- veteran in the Socialist and labor movements. He is German, slow, unexcitable. He knows organization. He went into inforced by the Japanese, and finally by the Armenians. later by the Japanese, and finally by the Armenians. · the fight with Pagano, the leader of the Italians. He showed Nine-tenths of the raisins of North America come from the him how to organize the Italians, how they must form the exact center of California. Fresno is the raisin capital; about others into one solid union. Getting the Germans and Italians into one union might it Madera, Fresno, Tulare, Kings and a segment of Kern counties, produce raisins, thousands of tons of them. It is seem to be attempting the impossible in these days when old a marvelous fruit country, grapes, peaches, figs, apricots being race prejudices have been brought to the surface by interthe principal crops. Since the hard times of 1896 ' the wage national war; getting the Armenian, smarting under the wrongs scale has been low. So long have low wages and lpng hours of the Turks, ally of the Germans, into the same union would gone together that the combination has become tradit:ional, one seem flying in the face of providence; adding the sons of might almost say historic, a condition certainly reverenced by Nippon, distrustful and doubting, to this polyglot union would the growers. A dollar and a quarter a day for twelve hours a rouse the derision of a student of race hatreds; capping it has seemed the ;atisfactory scale to the growers; the humble all with an organization of the peaceful, unagressive, yielding, misunderstood, friendless Hindoo, slave of caste, with his head wo rker has had little to say. For the most part he is a bound in the caste-betokening turban migra tor; he drifts with the seasons, of his religion, would seem to be reachirresponsible, without ambition, uning for the obviously unattainable. st irred by social awakening. • But the unattainable was attained. Fruit growing is a serious business URBANED Hindoos, squat The Italians and Germans formed in the San Joaquin valley. It reJapanese, swart Italians, into one union so strong that it was quires tremendous quantities of shortphlegmatic German-Russians and with difficulty that the advantages of seaso n labor at small wages. The Turk- oppressed Armenians, the sepa ra te union s were made apparent fruit season past, these laborers be"cheap labor" of the fruit disto them. "We no wanta leave the come tramps and vagabonds. There trict of Central California have German boys," said the Italians. Once is nothing else for them; there can be banded together for better wages the racial distrust was disarmed and nothing else under the present system and shorter hours. the necessity of union shown, they of labor distribution, or lack of it. Already they have secured stood firmly together. Years ago most of the labor was 25c an hour; for years the esThe Hindoos, under their leader, white labor. The wage scale was tablished wage scale has stood Na inan Singh, refused to work. "We about the same, but in those days a at $1 .25 a day. United action all come F regno; only work for two dollar and a quarter with no board to has gained this for the most exdollar and half eight hour," explained pay would purchase something. In ploited of all workers. Nainan Singh. California there is no such thing as "lodging." A characteristic story halThe J aps were less tractable, being lowed by frequent re-telling is that of under the domination of shifty Japana young Easterner, new to the ways of ese merchants who did the translating. California, who asked at night where he was to sleep. and who later stood with the growers and helped organize "Sleep?" queried the astonished ranchman,. "sleep? There's the Valley Fruit Growers' Association. But the Japanese two thousand acres in this ranch. If that ain't room enough, workers quit work. One of the American leaders was asked why kick a board off the fence and let your feet hang out- how this was accomplished. "Militant inducement," was his side." The ranch worker provides his own blankets; he sleeps laconic reply. wherever he chooses, which is not such a hardship in the Picketing en Masse summer after all, in warm, rainless Central California. After the Italian vine and tree pruners had struck for an But the white man has become less and less a factor. On a ranch in Kings county a few years ago, ten American men eight hour day and $2.50 in wages in these piping times of and ten Sicilians were employed. The Sicilians ate little but peace and prosperity, the growers immediately sought other macaroni and rice ; the Americans demanded better fare. Un- avenues of cheap labor. They tried the German-Russians. satisfied with the food, the Americans quit one morning. The These people have a whole section of the city of Fresno 10 Italians remained. More Italians were procured. But even themselves; it is locally known as "Russian-town." Like these were not cheap enough; raisin prices dropped; less the Italians in "Dago-town," many of them own their own must be paid for labor. The Italians were discharged and homes. They are citizens of Fresno and property owners. Koreans took their places. Latterly Hindoos have swarmed Few are voters. They work in the packing houses and in the into the agricultural districts, the latest stream of ever cheaper vineyards and orchards. But the Germans speak English and they soon learned the truth and stuck by the Italians. The labor. J apanese, led by their merchant employers, stayed on the Uniting the Races job. The Hindoos had not been approached. With five races, unintelligible in speech to one another for It was at this juncture that the most spectacular picketing the most part, suspicious, with these suspicions fostered by in the history of labor disputes began . Picketing the farm s unscrupulous padrone labor contractors, it appears that it is new; so far as can be learned it has never before been T T �T h e W e s t e r rr· Co m r a d e Page, eleven attempted anywhere, at least nowhere in the United States. big growers coercing the smaller ones into the protective orNo halfway measures would do. The unique occasion de- ganization. A tax of of five cents an acre was levied, by the manded unique means. And the ingenious Italians rriet the growers' league to carry ori its campaign. Offices were rentemergency. ed and a secretary employed. l'he battle lines were being Loading up motor trucks with as many, persons as they drawn more tightly. would hold, organizing a bicycle brigade of 250, going out But in the meantime the union had not been neglectful of on motor-cycles and in conveyances of all kinds, _the -Italians its opportunities. A specially called meeting of the Fresno swarmed along the country roads one morning and sprung Labor Council endorsed the new Agricultural J.Jnion. D. P. an innovation in picketing that will stand for a long time as - Pagano, president, and L. Keller, organizer, prepared a sta:tethe most novel procedure in the history of labor annals. ment for the press in which they explained the justness of their demands. They pointed out how the agricultural workMilitant Inducement ers were exploited, how they were unorganized, how they were The pickets hurried along the roads until they came to the often unjustly treated and how they are without recourse. grl'!at vineyards. Here the little Japanese were already at They set forth their demands of $2.50 for .a day of eight work cutting the year's growth from the grape vines. Dis- hours' work for pruners, and $2:50 for all other agricultural mounting from bicycles, leaping nimbly from t.rucks, tether- work, with no express stipulation as to hours. ing horses to fences, the Italians swarmed into the fields. It The labor market is not well understood by many of the was like an invasion of locusts. Little Italian met little )ap residents of the San Joaquin Valley. Resident padrones em- and conquered. Pinioning their prisoners' arms, escort- ploy the migratory japanese and Hindoos and take contracts ing them to the road, they told them to go, sometimes giving being paid as the labor progresses, 25 per cen at a time. The; them a hastening kick or two. It was "militant inducement." being paid as the labor progresses, 25 per cent at a time. They But in other places they did not catch the Japanese or mans, Italians, and Armenians are home owners and finance Hindoos. The workers saw them comthemselves when going out on the job. ing and every male fled the place. At the growers' meeting a prominent It was a dramatic and picturesque ingrower, L. R. Rogers, is reported by AISIN growers and peach vasion, and it achieved its purpose. the "Fresno Republican" to have said Within a few days it was impossible growers have formed great " doubtless all of us know of to get workers. the strike which was declared early associations to control their prothis year. We do not deny that the The Japanese are a peace loving duct and regulate prices. This men had a right to organize or make race in California. At least, they. conis laudable and Central Calitheir demands. We do not · Jike the fine their truculence to their own race. fornia applauded. Why is it way that the demands were made. I When they were called on to quit work wrong for the laborers to organfor one do not belive that any eightand "militant inducement" had demize to secure better returns for hour day will apply to orchard work. onstrated the advisability of ceasing their product? Why should an work they beagn to leave Fresno. They I cannot reconcile the statement of injunction be issued when the the strikers that owing to the high cost would not become strike-breakers, and strikers picket the fruit ranches? of living they must have an eight-hour their leaders were not of the laboring Why is an organization of Prop- _ class and would not imbue them with day. I believe that this whole cry of erty right and good but an ora class consciousness to make them high cost of living is a mimomerganization of workers wrong and stand with their fellow-workers of anit is the cost of high living. Many of bad? other race. They left Fresno for Los the staples are the same as they were Angeles, for San Francisco and Sacraseveral years ago." Those who arose to deny this bald, untruthful, assertion mento. As a menace to the infant union they were removed; it ~emains for time to prove whether they were denied the floor. At Fresno, when Mr. Rogers made this can be moulded into a militant and successful union. statement, potatoes were $5.00 a sack, onions five cents a Insistent calls to San Francisco were unavailing. California pound, and all other staples greatly advanced. has some good laws and among them is a law that where there A committee of fifteen was elected by the growers to see is a strike, employment bureaus must so notify men when re- what could be done to adjust the labor question. But it has cruiting to take the places of strikers. mostly been in opposition to the eight-hour day; there has been far less opposition to the raise in wages. Invoking the Law Then came the inevitable, the old, efficient weapon of the The ranchers became desperate. Pruning can lay over for industrial fight, the INJUNCTION. a time but spring comes early in the warm, sunny San An injunction was issued against picketing. The power of Joaquin. In February the trees are in blossom. The buds on property spoke in its quiet, direct, emphatic way. · the grape vines begin to swell. Pruning must be finished beWhat the Strike Accomplished fore this time. The situation was· rapidly becoming desperate. Then the Valley Fruit Growers' Association was formed. It was Results of the strike have been immediate. Wages have a fight for power. The old forces of property and labor jumped from $1.25 for a ten and twelve hour day to $2.00 were lining up for battle. and $2.50 for eight and ten hours. One of the most impressive The "Fresno Republican" of February 13 carries a long unions is being formed and promises to take an important account of the first organization of the growers into a pro- part in the industrial advance of the nation The critical time tective league. Organization was commenced simultaneous- of the year is the fruit picking season; the strikers will bide ly throughout the raisin belt. At the little town of Clovis, their time; they will wait. eleven miles from Fresno, 700 growers c'onvened. In Fresno When the Japs threatened to prove recalcitrant and it was 1000 growers, representing 25,000 acres, gathered and formed seen that Hosaka, their leader, was in league with the growers, an association. The membership was rapidly extended, the (Continued on Page twenty-three) R �Proparanda Page twelve !C The Western Comrade • "Measures First" 1n California • • ALIFORNIA Socialists have taken a constructive policy I the leading one in the American movem,ent. I' The action at the Fresno convention in adopting a ___. constitution and a program that is far reaching and inclusive and decisive has met with the unqualified approval of the constructive Socialists of the State. The constitution has yet to go to a referendum, but there can be little doubt about the result of the vote. A minority report would find few adherents among those who are alive and active in the California movement. The store with but one telephone cannot serve its custo!llers, because many of them may be on the other line. And few householders feel financially able to have two phones in their homes. The added expense is enormous. For poor service and a direct financial loss, Los Angeles merchants must pay double what merchants in other cities pay for telephone service. And the householder-what of him? He must either also double his appropriation for the benefit of talking to his friends without leaving his home, or he must 1. State Ownership and Manarement of the Water Power and Telephone Systems of the Stat•. · be cut off from many of them. Such is competition in telephones in Los Angeles! This is the first clause in the new program which Socialists Once it was proposed to put in two systems in San Franof California are going to adopt as their immediate _demands. It is the first gun in the concentrated _campaign which is cisco, and the famous "graft cases" brought out some interestto be made. It deals with two of the problems which have ing testimony as to how this deal was to be accomplished. The dual phone system is a huge success-from the viewvexed and worried thoughtful people. A committee is now drafting this measure and others into point of the stockholder. But from the viewpoint of the user it is quite another matter. legal form that it may be placed on For if two ~ystems are allowed, why initiative petitions and enough signadiscriminate against a third one or a tures secured that they may go on the fourth? Or more? Railroads are enballot at the next general election. couraged to build. Some California The water power of the state is towns have several transcontinental rapidly being taken up by the power railroads, besides electric lines. in comtrust. Enough work is being done on petition. the best sites to hold them until the The Llano del Rio Colony offers There a re competing power lines, time comes when the power is reto print the Bulletin of the Socialist gas systems, telegraph wires, electric quired. Meanwhile the danger of comParty of California in its union shop light plants. Why not in phones? petition is nullified, prices can be kept The people of California do n o t up, and the monopoly assured. for the lowest bid that can be obwant competition of this kind. They California is rich in power sites. The tained in any other union shop and can be expected to take kindly to an great Sierra Nevada range, snowthen remit HALF to the Socialist initiative that proposes to have state capped throughout the entire year, risParty of California. This offer is owned and operated telephones. ing to the highest point in the United made in good faith and without States where the Mount Whitney range 2. Packing Houses, Cold Storage Plants, pierces the sky- this great range is Flour Mills, and Granaries to be Built, proviso. Owned and Operated at Cost by the an undeveloped water wealth. Water State at all Practical Points. is cheaply converted into power. Up in North Dakota the farmers got The power trust learned this years ago. It has profited by this knowledge. The best sites have together and formed a new political organization-the Nonalready· been taken. Even now minimum development work Partisan League. They weren't so much concerned with principle and theory as they were with facts. They wanted results is being done. It is almost too late to take action. first and foremost. So they elected a legislature and then added a governor. But if interest enough can be aroused, some m,ay yet be They have initiated legislation, a nd this legislation is primarily saved and through these others restored to the people. 'f. 'f. 'f. and foremost for the farmer. Down in Los Angeles there are two telephone systems. Among the things they wanted were elevators and flour mills to be owned and operated by the state. Moreover, they have The city owns neither of them. Both are operated solely for profit. This profit goes into already secured some of these things and expect to secure the pockets of stockholders. others. Political action was imperative, for by it they were Telephone competition is different from electric lighting able to wrest from the oppressive capitalists their greatest competition. It is different too from competition in selling source of power. It is now being administered for the good groceries or water or milk or wood or drugs or staples of any of the farmer. Though the capitalist is making vindictive other kind. It is most like railroad competition, but it is even threats, he is not at present in such a good position to put more inconvenient. them into effect as he once was. Cities with two railroa·d s attempting to serve the people lose California's farms have been cut up and planted to trees and collectively but not so clearly does it affect the individual vines and alfalfa. Fruit packing houses, cold storage plants, resident. and icing plants are important, and are growing more so. But in Los Angeles each business house must have two However there are many mills an~ many granaries or waretelephones. houses, so the grain situation is still an important factor. They do not get twice the service thereby. On the contrary, The fruit trust and the railroads have had a virgin and rich the service is much less satisfactory. territory. Un~rganized farmers and producers have been as Llano's Offer to the Socialist Party �Th• W<st•rn Comrade Page thirt~ Propacanda wax in their hands. Go into any community and you will be Within the last ·few years a new feature has ~orne in. wearied with the monotonous repetition of the tale of the grow"Jitneys" have taken the short hauls of passengers. Now er who shipped east, and got a bill for the freight, but no huge automobile stages traverse the entire state. A regular check for the fruit. Grape growc;rs, peach growers, melon schedule is maintained between San Francisco and Los Anggrowers, truck growers, orange growers-the s1ory is always eles. When the state was bonded for good roads a few years ago in the huge sum of 18 million dollars, the law was drawn the same. Will these people rally to the measure that will protect them so that the highway parallels the Southern Pacific. Much was against the railroad extortion, the packing house hold-up and the public wrath thereat, and the railroad was accused of . having performed this feat of legislation. · the commission house robbery. But if it did, it was a boomerang. "Jitney" service was unTons of fruit rot on the ground every year all over the state. Hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of fruit are shipped thought of then. But with the completion of the highway, East, there to be sold. For this a letter containing a bill of automobile service has cut enormously into the railroad pasexpense is often the only return made to the grower. senger-carrying service. The good roads paralleling the railOf course state owned packing houses cannot stop this, but road have been the instrument of competition which has cost . state owned packing houses and cold storage plants will be them millions of dollars. It is a powerful weapon in the hands the first step in the organization, and in the selling of products of the people and its advantage is just being understood. The new initiative will hasten government ownership of railthe state is also asked to take part. roads. The operation of the steamship lines will still further 3. State to Mark~t All Products at Cost to Producers. As shown above the growers of California fruits have cut into railroads' business. 6. Single Tax. been shamelessly . exploited. Let it not be thought that he is a capitalist. He is a laborer, owning (at least sometimes he Another blow to the Southern Pacific. Those millions of owns it) a farm on which he must labor unceasingly. acres of land held out of use for speculative purposes will be After he has grown marvelous fruits, after he has irrigated taxed as adjoining lands are taxed. The Southern Pacific has and tended them, paid rent or interest, gambled with the a new enemy to fight. Miller and Lux and other great land weather, pitted his judgment against the market manipulators holders will be forced to disgorge their empires. and the law of supply and demand, has fought tree and vine Single tax in California has a good chance to carry at the parasites, and has won all the way through, he has yet to next election. The adoption of this measure by the Socialist meet the strongest enemy of all, the selling parasite. Party will unite the voting power of the single taxers and the In the raisin district, the pack,ers had the market their own Socialists. Its passage at the general election will mean the way for years. Finally the rise of the growers and the or- dealing of a severe body blow at intrenched interests. That is ganizing of a selling combine put the packers out of business its principal interest to the Socialist Party of California. Not completely. Encouraged by this success, peach growers, prune for Single Tax for the sake of Single Tax will they vote, but and apricot growers, etc., have banded themselves together into for Single Tax because it is another trench captured from the defensive organizations. The orange growers had long before enemy. done this. 7. Proportional Representation and Micratory Voting. But the producers now have to maintain separate selling Seasonal work is characteristic of California. Great bodies organizations, with the attendant expense or still be mulcted of laborers follow the work. They are denied the right of by commission sharks. The state has already made some franchise, and their effectiveness in the Big Battle becomes provision. Colonel Harris Weinstock, of Sacramento, is assist- largely nullified. The Migratory Voting bill will permit these ing in the forming of co-operative unions of producers. But people, perhaps a majority of whom are radicals, to particithis is merely "united competition" as it might be called. pate in the selection of candidates, and what is more important, The initiative to be circulated by California Socialists will in carrying of measures in California. 'f. 'f. 'f. demand the further extension of the organization .and the establishment of state marketing. The greatest weakness of the present election law is the fact 4. Stale· Wide Freight and Passenger Automobile Service to be that the minority has no rights. If a million votes are cast in Owned and Operaed· by the State al Cost. California, 333,333 for one candidate, 333,333 for the second 5. Freight and Passenger Steamship Lines Plying Between Both candidate, and 333,334 for the third, the latter is elected, and Home and Foreign Ports, to be Owned and Operated by the State a majority of the people have no representation. In a case at Cost. of this kind, virtually two-thirds of the people might as well Since the day it was built, the Southern Pacific railroad has not have voted, and there is no representative for their inbeen a great factor in· the government of the State of Caliterests. In every election a variation of this extreme case is fornia. Operating under many aliases, with many subsidiary · corporations, it has held the reins of power. True that power bound to result. By properly drafted proportional representation laws and has been clipped considerably of late' years, but still the old correct districting, the minorities will have their representatives potentiality remains. Granted by government every other section of land for in legislative bodies. twenty miles on both sides of every mile of railroad, the "Espee" has held this and profited by its rise in value. In many towns the best portion of the city is owned by the railroad. It has maintained lobbies in the legislature when it has not bodily owned the legislature. Its ppwer has been felt time after time. The shrewdest lawyers and politicians have been in its employ. It has been conscienceless, remorseless, relentless. Battles, bloody battles, have been fought for the land, and finished in the courts. In the latter the Southern Pacitic has almost inevitably won. 8. Social Insurance. For a generation, now, the Socialist Party has opposed "reform measures." But the definition of what constitutes a reform measure has never been made .clear. So every law that could ameliorate suffering has been opposed by the Socialist Party on the grounds that it might lead people into a paternalistic self-satisfaction. But the people, in the meantime, have voted for the party '\hich did promise something. Now the Socialists of Cali(Continued on Page. 24) �Page fourlcen Remaking Cr The Weslern Comrade th~ Party • In California LIFORNIA Socialists have become radical! asunder, progress hindered, and effective propaganda stopped At least they can be counted as radicals in their by these agitators. Constructive members have been driven own movement if the new constitution carries in the from the party; the loud-of-mouth-but-small-of-performance ·party referendum vote to which it will be submitted. member has been able to drive out all who did not agree The convention of the Socialist Party of the State of Cal- with his own peculiar brand of self-righteousness. ifornia, held at Fresno, California, February 17, 18 and 19, · The man or woman who claims to be a Socialist, yet whose 1917, is destined to go down into Socialist history as the most sole stock in trade is denu tciation and who most readily turns important ever held in California. this on those who do not agree with him in every particular, It has set the pace for other states to follow. is known in every local, and there is more than suspicion Two distinct hctions were represented, both equally deter- to justify the charge that many of these persons are in the mind to mould the new constitution that shall guide the party Socialist movement for the express purpose of preventing its for the future. The Fresno Herald of February 19 called it growth and effective action. The majority are of course pera struggle between "the conservatives and the radicals for fectly honest in their intentions, and these become the ready control, with the radicals gaining strength steadily:" tools of those who are not honest. They have madethe SoThe conservatives, like all conservativ~s. wished to con- cialist Party a fetich, a religion, a creed, and they have allowed tinue in the well worn path that the party has been following, their own passions to become inflamed as they have by their making no distinct departures in any way, though perhaps illadvised, extreme utterances inflamed the passions of others. making greater effort along certain already established lines. But the Fresno constitution, if adopted, will throw many obThe radical faction demanded chanstacles in the path of this paid agent ges in the constitution, changes in of the capitalists. methods. the introduction of new ideas. Locals may be formed by five or more members. With the fearlessness of consequences OCIALIST LOCALS shall be organized without regard to pothat characterizes the true radical, they They may be formed without regard litical subdivisions. The jurisdicwanted to make deviations from the to political subdivisions. time-h'lllowed methods that have seemtion of said locals shall be confined In other words, five perso"ns, conto members thereof. in~lv failed. genial in thought and education and The entire membership residing The lines of debate were laid down in other ideas, may form a local. They within any political subdivision of accordingly. The paramount question can draw to them other Socialists who the state shall have charge of all was, "Shall we continue as we have are congenial. Several locals may be purely political activity within said been in the face of a constantly fallformed in any city, all working to a territory. ing membership and a constantly decommon purpose. But no dissension The membership in one or more creasing vote, with an alarming slackmaker can break all of them. Should political subdivisions may, by maening of interest, or shall we make he succeed in wrecking one, he will jority vote of the members in each changes that promise to build up the have disclosed his method, and he will district. combine their political acparty, renew interest, and strengthen not be able to get into the others. tivity. the membership?" Moreover, should a wrangling group Every move, every motion, every form in a local, those who tire of the speech, hinged on this premise. discord and contention may join a loThough almost evenly matched at cal where progress i5 being made. the opening of the convention, so impressive .was the program The new plan has many advantages; on it can be built a of the radical element, and so conclusive were the arguments Socialist Party that will reach into every union, every farmers' advanced, that throughout the convention the radical side organization, and every co-operative movement in the state, gained through desertions from the minority, finishing with selecting the virile members of all of them. It marks the greater strength than they had shown at any time during the beginning of a re-animated, revitalized Socialist movement in entire session. California, invigorated by new blood. The privilege of permitting five persons to form a Socialist Two far-reaching, 'significant departures were made and incorporated into the constitution. Resolutions adopted and local permits economic bodies to use the Socialist Party as the legislative program recommended clinch the new methods their vehicle of political expression. This is the purpose for which are to be followed by the Socialist Party of California. which the Socialist Party was formed; the mission that sincere, thoughtful Socialists have understood it to be established Disrupting the Disrupter for. It wili save the party from being purely. and solely a The first of these new planks in the constitution is the one political party; it can now become the economic institution empowering Socialists to form locals without regard to poli- that a working class organization should become. tical subdivisions. Reaching Out for the Doers It is a blow at the dissension creator. The other most radical departure is the classification of The past history of the Socialist Party has been made black by internal squabbles. Evidence is overwhelming to show that the membership of the party into nine groups, giving each paid trouble makers have kept the party from growing by an organizer. and forming these nme organizers into the their impossibilistic tactics where they have not actually de- executive board of the state. It means creating an executive board of those who are moralized it by making damaging charges of various kinds. . The party in many cities, notably Los Angeles, San Francisco, actually engaged in the work. It means oragnizing the Socialist Party into congenial deOakland, Stockton, Fresno, and Sacramento, has been cleft S �The Western Comrade Page 6fteen partments, capturing the real workers of the state, and giving the United States. They are prepared for it. Rather try to do something and thereby incur disfavor, than bask In the them supreme control of their own organization. It means the practice of another fundamental of Socialist good graces of the Socialist Party oracles and lose prestige, theory-industrial organization and control. • It is living up members, and votes. Moreover, whatever criticism there may to Socialist theory, just as the new plan of organizing locals be will be answered by the most capable Socialists in the means the oractice of Socialist theory because they are not United States, comrades with national recognition of their bounded by capitalistic definitions of political - subdivisions, ability. Among those who participated in the convention. and who were among the majority favoring the adoption of artificially created. Too long has the Socialist Party prated of the "class the new measures which were adopted by the convention, struggle," offering relief to the workers in the sweet by-and-by, were Walter Thomas Mills, Harry M. McKee, W. A. Engle, refusing to demand anything for them now for fear it might Job Harriman, Frank E. Wolfe, George W. Boswell, N. A. be "bourgeosie," might be a "compromise," or was tainted Richardson, State Secretary Thomas W. Williams, Cameron with "opportunism." or deviafed from the "class struggle," King, George W. Downing, and others whose names are well or perhaps was "reformistic." These have been the talis- known in various sections of the country. · Most of these are manic words which the impossibilist has used to stall progress. veterans in the movement, many of them have attended the They have been effective words. They have kept the Social- national conventions as delegates, some have been representist Party from doing anything to ameliorate present day con- atives at international Socialist conventions in Europe, and ditions. Instead, empty promises have always pointed out some of them are known to many as writers. They are studwhat a heaven the working people would inhabit "when we ents of affairs, yet withal practical men of executive ability. The 1917 convention of the Socialist Party of California elect our candidates." But the impatient working people refused to wait. They ha3 made history. It has gone on record. It has marked voted for the Progressives when the Progressives promised the way. It has adopted new measures and new methods them something now. They have votthat are in keeping with the times. Already a new spirit of optimism is ed anv way for anybody who promised being shown. With the professional any IMMEDIATE results. disrupter's wings clipped and with But the Socialist Party of California THE WHOLE REGULAR PARTY something tangible to work for, the has learned the lesson . It is ready to membership shall be classified as movement in the State of California be the target for the slurs of the posito industries or occupations as folis something for the Socialist Party tive type of Socialist who a\tacks evlows: farmers, miners, transportaof America to watch with interest. ery attempt to do anything now. It tion workers, manufacturing workhas gone on record as favoring Social Portions of constitution quoted in ers, building trades, printing trades, this article show the trend of action Insurance; Single Tax; government store and service workers, profesownership and operation of transportawhich will be followed by the Socialists sional workers, and housekeepers, tion by steamship and by automobile; of California when the constitution ts and shall be so recognized in the in force. Reaching the workers with State ownership and management of state office. . Each group shall more than a promise, opening the door water power and telephone systems; elect one member of the state execof the Socialist organization wide . adpacking houses, cold storage plants, utive committee. The person so Aour mills and granaries to be built mitting the genuine workers- this is f'lected shall be state organizer for and operated by the state at cost; the the salient feature of the radical dethe group so electing him. parture made by California Socialists. marketing of products by the state at cost; proportional representation; and Will the rest of the country follow migratory voting. California's progressive lead? This is Without for a minute forgetting the the question upon which the future ultimate goal of Socialism and the emancipation of the work- worth and service of the Socialist Party of America hinges. ing class, the Socialist Party of California is planning to Portions of the New Constitution make a concentrated campaign upon these measures. With a clear understanding of Socialism and a complete knowledge CLAUSE I. of present day conditions, it has gone in a business-like and CONSTITUTION OF THE SOCIALIST PARTY OF CALIFORNIA practical manner about the business of getting the things Article f. Section I. The name of this organization shall be "Socialist Party of wanted. With less use of "economic determinism," "class struggle," the "iron law of wages," "Karl Marx," "materialistic California." The Socialist party shall be composed of Locals and Members at large. conception of history," "surplus value," and the other catch Section 2. {a} The supreme authority shall be vested in the party memwords of the Socialist propaganda, it has gone quietly_ on bership. of the state to be exercised by meano of the initiative, referendum record with a concrete and carefully thought-out plan to "GET and recall. some of the things it has promised and talked about. Section 2. {b} Any Local may initiate. Motions may be seconded i>y In North Dakota the Socialist Party was in the same con- at least five other Locals in ao many different counties, providing such dition that the Socialist Party of California was and is. Up Locals have an aggregate membership equal to 5 per ceul of the total membership of the state. there the farmers ~ot together, refused to discuss scientific Section 2. {c) The provisions of any initiative receiving a majority vole Socialism, or any other kind, ignorerd the Socialist Party, and shall become constitutional and repeal any and all con8icting constitutior.ol formed the Non-Partisan League which quickly obtained a clauses. Section 2. (d) Actions of all oflicialo and committees are subject to lot of the advantages which the Socialist Party had promised referendum. but had failed to supply. Section 3. {a) Th.re shall be four regular state referendum elections in California Socialists are to be complimented on having each year beginning in January. Said elections shall be held quarterly. learned a lesson. They are now setting about the business Section 3. (b) The state secretary-treasurer shall mail to each mt'lllbrr of ~etting results from this lesson. copy of all such measure•. They expect criticism, bitter criticism, from all parts of (Continued on Page twenty:four} �The • D eep s ea estern Comr•de • D 1 v e r Tel By DIVER. to many, is a curiosity. He usually calls for a second observation, probably because the person has a mind's picture of what the diver looks like in his full regalia. This consists of rubber suit, canvas overalls. heavy belt, breastplate, an~ helmet. The breastplate is bolted to the suit and the helmet screwed on. encasing the diver in a world of his own . Then there is the heavy leather belt that has lead weights rivetted to it and the shoes with lead soles. Some patterns are brass soled, with brass t i p s and heels. The shoes for ordinary work will weigh about 20 pounds each and the belt about I00 pounds. Then attached to the breast - p I a t e. comes the air hose and around the diver's waist ~oes a heavy lifeline which is made fast in some patterns to the breast - plate; in citing Up Thumbscrews on Breast-plate others to the hclmet. U ·u lly the first questions asked are: "Don't you feel the pressure hard on your lungs? How deep do you go? How doe it feel to be down with the fish? Can you see down there? What do you da when down?" Now, I will try to an ' r these questions for the readers of the Comrade, giving m ov n experience a the answers. The first es ential to be a diver is that you have a firm con titution, free from disease that would drain your body of its life. Lung mu t be in the best of condition, head must be dear. By that, I mean that there is to be no ear troubles. denoids and chronic colds are ailment that forbid diving. \Ve re all subject to colds, especially the diver, who. upon the least exertion, while under pressure. will break out in perpiration and upon coming to the surface where the cool Dre42e strikes him, cools off quickly, frequently contracting a sl~t cold. pon contracting a heavy cold, especially in the head, the diver cannot submerge because the passages from the ears to the nose are .topped up and inJiamed. There absolutely must be a dear passage, as the air has to go through !A Fran the different passages and if any be clogged, severe p in result. It it be the ear that ij closed there will be a pain that cannot be classed as an ear-ache, being far worse. hould the ear passages be free, but stopped at the bridge of the nose, there will be a pain in the center of the forehead down to the nose and in the corner of the eye that is absolutely unbearable and calls for the immediate signal of the diver to come up and remain until relieved of the cold. No diver will go down and work while he has a severe cold. The first pains start immediately upon submerging and reach the unbearable stage at about 20 feet. If the diver persists in trying to work in that state, serious consequences will result, such as bursting the ear drums, or blood vessels and distention of the different passages, which would incapacitate one from diving again. As for the lungs, there is no noticable difference except in great depths, so long as there is no exertion on the part of the diver. Later, I will explain that feeling. The air that a d i v e r breathes generally comes through a twocylinder waterjacketed p u m p operated by hand. It comes in a steady flow from the pump through the hose connected at the back of the breast -plate, and goes around to the front and through a slot directly under the diver's nose. So upon inhaling, a fresh supply o f cool air is taken How a Diver RetIt in; the exhalation passes out by an outlet valve that is regulated according to the depth the diver goes; the diver regulates the valve from the outside which acl~ the same as a safety valve on a boiler. In the helmet if a plunger that is operated by being pressed by the head. which rele<!ses the air from the inside in volume. That is when too much air is in the suit causing the diver to rise to the surface. By the plunger he regulates himself so he if just buoyant enough to mov~ around easily. Too little air will caUJe him to sink. The water pressure is noticed 6nt in thz feet, legs and upwards according to the amount of air rei~ Until �Page ·· seventeen The Western Comrade s of Unde.rsea Work A. Dav1s the suit can inflate again that pressure is more or less noticed. There is a ladder about 8 feet long, at the end of the float, by which means the diver reaches the water and upon which he rests his heavy belt and weight. The diver's crew consists of the two pumpers and a tender who handles the air hose and life-line. Upon getting ready to submerge, the tender having received his instructions and the pumpers having starte~:l, the helmet is adjusted, being so designed by the slotted sector style that a quarter turn engages it air-tight. As soon as the helmet is on the suit starts to inflate and upon getting into the water and letting go of the ladder the diver finds himself floating with a tendency to turn upside-down, which is overcome by kicking off a little air as it is called, in other words, by pushing on the plunger. Note the cap I wear in the picture. It has its uses in diving. One is to prevent the hair from hanging over the forehead and irritating me. The other is that the face plate (that I see through) gets coated with water or vapor just as fog does on glass, and is cleaned by rubbing the head on the glass. Seeing under water is a difficult matter. In shallow water up to 50 feet such as harbors, the water is murky and it is difficult to see over ten feet on a level; but in looking toward the surface, the light comes down bright and cle.' r. One must be continually touching the plunger in the helmet. If not, there will be an excess m atr pressure w h i c h will cause one to start to rise. If you do not continually keep plunging off, you will gain speed in coming up, for the water pressure keeps getting less and the air is coming f a s t e r Going Down. Note InHaling Suit than the outlet ~alve. will release it without the assistance of the plunger. In g~mg d~wn , the body usually accustoms itself quickly lo the mcreasmg pressure, but upon coming up, one must come slowly, even from shallow depths in order to let the body resume its normal condition. To great depths, such . as two hundred feet, one can go down quickly, but must take from one to two hours to come up, making it in stages, half the distance at the first jump, then a long rest, then half the remaining distance and so on. Otherwise serious illness or death will be the consequence. , Now for a little work at about fifty feet, say on some piling that has been driven down and is to be cut off at grade to furnish a foundation for a concrete column for pier and dock. You reach the bottom and signal back to your tender 0. K., and start to work. You take the saw and by body motion move back and forth for about fifteen strokes and you feel yourself getting a little warm, and breathing a little faster, and here is where the diver will heed the warning and rest a few minutes. Should you go on for fifteen more strokes you break out in perspiration and breathe in gasps or volume. You feel the sensation that you are being strangled although you have all your breathing facilities. Yet you cannot recuperate and up to the surface you go, about exhausted. The only way I can describe this feeling is that you run for all that's in you until exhausted and are blowing and gasping for air while your lungs refuse to be satisfied with what seems to be insufficient amount of air and someone hangs a paper sack over your head and holds it around your neck until you think you will die if not released. Such is the overexerted feeling of a diver after a hard spell of work below. I have tried to make my meaning clear, omitting figures and technical terms. I trust I have instructed Comrade readers in what I believe is a calling of which most of them have but little knowledge. (Editor's note: Comrade D a v i s intends to become a r e s id e n t of L I a n o . While there is no field here for deep sea diving, Comrade Davis expects to make himself useful, as he believes that a man who can make a living below the sea can do the same 3000 feet above. He is tired of his hazardous work and So Long! See You Later. wants to live in ii 'communjty where his present vo~ation is unnecessary.) �Page eighteen Education Education fo..r Freedom - The Western Comrade By wesley zornes E know because we have gained experience. Hence This educational system breeds heroic slaves who, fired by experience is knowledge. Education is the art of youthful desires, march at the command of their masters, into gleaning knowledge. The book worm, then, is not death, hell and destruction. The songs sung and the patrioteducated. Book knowledge is a!l aid to the real edu- ism they preach are all able to stimulate and form within the cation of life-the art which every one should cultivate. Edu- child's mind a desire; the desire precludes a deeper sentiment cation should stimulate desire to experience new and untried in an eventual belief that it is heroic, grand and noble to fight phenomena. Books point the way to things others have ex- for one's country, even at the cost of the blood of millions perienced. They are valuable in education, if the experiences of.....men and boys in a f01eign land. The workers of Europe are reaping the consequences of an are vitalized by action. Botanical terms become dry and uninteresting if allowed to become the full curriculum and mental educational system that breeds capitalistic minded men and food of the child. Show the child· a flower, name the parts, women. War is not possible where there is not a war sentiexplain the wonderful arrangement of sepals, petals, stamens, ment; the sentiment was created through long years of training and pistils, their uses and all of the wonderful natur~l phen- and teaching. omena connected with its tiny, limited life, and you have inLlano boys may receive a practical course in engineering corporated in one act both acquired' and actual experiences. by working on the cars. We combine the technical with the These actual field lessons are never forgotten. They become actual experience and in this way the boy is taught to work. the nucleus around which the child builds its future. The child's first impressions are lasting ; the acts of childhood are remembered the longest, used and vitalized. The ideals and dreams of childhood are the factors in molding that child's character. Its thoughts and experiences must be guided into the right paths. A child's habits are formed early and it is of utmost importance that these habits be directed by a carefully trained hand. Our modern prisons (like schools} with their hard seats, stuffy rooms and a master of ceremonies, who exercises a censorship on knowledge as well as freedom, cramp, dwarf and warp the mind. Instead of learning to think, Group of Colonists .who arrived at about the same I ime and from the same olale. Most of those in Llano the child must memorize pet have come from the Western States, though many are expected in the near future from the Middle West. formulas which impress upon him the capitalistic psychology of the race. Instead of learning the value of book know- In comparison with this life's school of experience we see boys ledge, which is essential to education, it learns to hate and in the outside world going to school because they desire to dread it. Books <tre looked upon as dreaded mediums, through become parasites on society. They expect higher positions which the equally tiresome pedagogue may inflict a daily and if the position is not forthcoming, disappointment ensues; punishment. · and if a revolution of mind does not take place, they sink The boy of eight has savage instincts. He feels within down to failure because they have not been taught the virtue himself the longing for nature. If we accept the biogenetic of actual work. law, his ancestry is calling him along paths laid down by the We reAlize, in connection with this that book knowledge is laws of heredity. The inherent desire of the baby to wield essential, but only as a help to the greater experiences of actual the stick first given it, is the first savage instinct that gave work. The great task is not only to acquire a practical workman protection and food. The desire to slay and kill is a ing knowledge along agricultural lines but to incorporate with strong instinct that throbs within the boy's breast. The train- the act of work the knowledge of why a thing is done. Each ing received in our modern schools tends to augment rather task done could be made a daily lesson in the technique of the than abate this fetid natural desire; emphasis is laid upon sciences allied with agriculture. battles of history, which fire the youthful brain with an overAs a demonstration of the feasibility of this plan, we have whelming desire to be a hero; to charge into the teeth of the sixty acres of garden for the Colony in which the boys and deadly fire of the enemy; to capture their guns and crown girls who would not otherwise be in school are taken and his victory with their flag- this psychology is deadly: these taught the rudiments of reading, writing, arithmetic, spelling, boys today in Europe are serving as food for cannon. (Continued on Page twenly·eight) �The Western Comrade Arts and Music .The Socialist City Page ninetee~ By A. Constance Austin 1- - -r:E cities of the past have nearly always "iust hap- moreover, would not believe you if you told him that 85 per pened." There have been a few cases of Emperors cent of the business enterprises Qf the United States fail every planning model cities to display their might and year. We look like intelligent beings, and this is manifestly wealth, but the planning has been a matter of palaces an impossible condition for intelligent beings to tolerate. and temples. These great people would have smiled amazeBut if the people get together and think out their living ment at the idea of considering the comfort and convenience conditions, as they would think out the construction of a of even their courtiers. As for the working people!-- As factory or the surveying of a road, a very different situation a matter of fact comfort and convenience and sanitation had arises. First they would agree as to the terms of the problem. yet to be invented even in the time of the Louis' in France. Theq they would call a specialist in consultation. They would The corridor~ through which passed the gorgeous pageants of want to know how these problems had been met elsewhere, the "Ancien Regime" were used for unmentionable purposes, and whether there were any new processes or inventions which and disorder, extravagance and dirt reigned in every branch they could adopt to their profit. Having collected all availof the royal household. If the palaces were so bad the general able information they would set about building an up to date beastliness of the private houses, the streets, and. even, or living plant. They would say, perhaps, a city is a place to live rather especially, the hospitals, is best left undescribed. in, so the first consideration is the home. When we go home, Of late, however, a considerable effort has been made to we go there to rest and recruit, to eliminate the friction of straighten out the worst defects in some of the old established cities; and some new towns have been started with a systematic plan, involv-ing the elimination of slums and other public nuisances, the setting aside of broad avenues and parks, and building restrictions related to a general design. These garden cities are a great advance on former hap-hazard methods, but they have only been studied from the point of view of art and sanitation, not from that of efficiency. From this last point of view the "man from Mars" arriving on our planet, would certainly decide that he had struck an insane asylum. He would find a town of perhaps twenty thousand -i nhabitants This view of the Devil's Punch Bowl, south of the Colony, does no t do iu•tice to its l(randeur. Even with twenty or thirty grocerfew of Llano residents know of its allractiveness. It is a miniature Grand Canyon and Yosemite Valley. ies, each ill-housed, with insufficient space, and with out of date equipment, separate corps of employees, and separate daily intercourse with heterogeneous crowds, and to recreate teams or motors duplicating the same routes, and separate ourselves in a sympathetic and congenial atmosphere. We do stocks of goods deteriorating on their hands qualified to give not want the outside world to intrude itself into this haven some poor victim ptomaine poisoning. Each town is found of refuge. At times and under certain conditions we must be also to have twenty dry goods stores, each with a small stock able to "invite our souls" ·if we are to live up to the best that which duplicates the stock of the others. If you want to buy is in us. Well, says their advisor, the average suburban home some little trifle, calculated for a special purpose, you have to is about as private and secluded as the middle of the street, make the rounds of the twenty stores and then write to New but you can do so and so; and his plan is taken under adYork for it. If the twenty stores would combine their capital visement. and business ability they could have one metropolitan departThen, they say, we have to obtain various supplies. We ment store carrying a variety of goods that would meet every would like to get these directly from the producer for two demand, and cut out the REASON for the mail order business reasons. First we do not want to pay so many intermediate which they deplore. profits that the pr-ice of the articles becomes prohibitive; The two or three hundred little stores engaged in cutting secondly, we can make it worth his while to give us a sound each others' throats and none of them far removed from bank- well made article. It is to the advantage of the middleman to ruptcy, would be one of the things a socialist city would get bring pressure to bear on the producer, to manufacture some· along without; another would be the cheerful flocking together thing that will "last quick," so that the middleman can sell the of the harpies after one of the stores has gone to the wall, <:onsumer another article as quickly as possible. On the othet to try to get the stock for nothing. The "man from Mars, ·• (Continued on Page twenty-eight) T I__ - �Healt .. Page twenty The Spirit ~ of 1A Llano ---~T the northern foot of the San Bernardino range of The Western Comrade By Dr. John De que r glorified humanity. Their eyes turn to the beckoning future. the Sierra Madre Mountains, glistening in the sunlight From bees and ants we may learn the secret of their power. From poets and prophets we may have the genius of their lies the tented village of Llano. · To one who looks upon it from a distance it re- inspiration. They seek to conquer-not the freedom of the sembles the encampment of an invading army. And such it seas alone, as do their masters-but the freedom of the land. really is. It is an outpost of that mighty movement of collect- They seek to drive the exploiting usurper from our common mother's breast. ivism whose destiny it is to conquer the world. But on coming closer we lind that while Llano really is an "In union is strength." "In numbers there is safety." Only outpost of a powerful and militant body of men and women on by a loyalty to each other and our cause can we win the the very frontier of individualist territory, its methods and battle, that shall restore to us the land we need for ourselves imph;ments of warfare differ substantially from t~ose used and children. Not in small patches that enslave, but in great glorious areas where air and sunlight together with wholesome by the military hordes of capitalism. The invasion of the co-operators does not create a death food and companionships shall make mankind a race beautizone. There are no ruined homes and villages in tli.eir wake. ful. Such are the hopes of the co-operators at Llano. Such are No widowed wives and orphaned children or b~oken and mangled men. Theirs is an industrial and intellectual battle also the hopes of oppressed humanity throughout all the world. waged against nature a nd outworn institutions; it is con- Llano is a watch tower on the battlements of progress. Its quering both. Theirs is a battle for a greater measure of life. sentinels herald the coming of the day when the words of the agitator shall be realized in the deeds The purple desert that for ages deof the people. lied the efforts of the individual to Why do I write all this in an article make it yield sustenance surrenders to LANO is a source of hope, that is supposed to deal with matters the co-operators her hoarded treasures. of health and sickness? The answer And what was once a yucca, greasejoy and inspiration to her wood and sage covered plain is now is so often found in worry and loss of loyal membership as well as to hope that I may well consider Llano as a gladsome sight of blossoming orthousands who watch her proa balm for many an ill. chards, productive gardens, and great i gress from afar. I know of stretching, verdant fields. Such are Llano is a source of hope, joy, and many comrades who two years the results of skirmish action by an inspiration to her loyal membership, as out-post in the desert. What will we well as to thousands who watch her ago thought they saw the light behold when the vast armies now mobprogress from afar. Inspiration, joy, of progress fade in the smoke ilizing move into the battle line for and hope are elements of optimism, of Europe's conflagration, whose social conquest? and optimism is indicative of strength, hearts sank in the mire of desand strength of health and wholesome But let us confine ourselves to the pair, but whose feet have regainiife. outpost. Slowly among the tents more ed the rock of hope through the If my mail may be taken as a criterpermanent buildings arise. Does not ion then I know of many comrades this indicate that the soldiers are convictories of Llano. who two years ago thought they saw fident of permanent victories? Does the light of progress fade in the smoke this not tell of stability and determin::~of Europe's conflagration, whose hearts tion? In this outpost the plow has replaced the cannon; the sank in the mire of despair, now lind that their feet have aqueduct has taken the place of the trench; and ihe building regained the rock of hope through the victories of Llano. In co-operation we find the elements needed to make life of homes has supplanted the rearing of arsenals and forts. The mild-eyed cattle in stable and on plains; the noble wholesome. And whatever purifies the conditions of life, horse at useful toil; happy, healthy, hopeful children, delight- eliminates disease. Many of the diseases that affect us today are but the ining in constructive play ; men and women laboring with each other toward the city of their dreams; this in a limited sense evitable battle scars received in our unequal struggle with describes the results that follow this invading vanguard of capital. How many mental and physical wrecks may we charge to financial worry? How many diseases drag their the collective movement. The soldiers we find in this army are not the unreasoning victims to untimely graves because they could not afford the blindly obedient, uniformed, individualized messengers of proper care? How many useful men and women are daily death and militarism. On the contrary they are men and wo- broken upon the rack of over-work? How many babies enter men whose pulses bound with blood of freemen, whose sou!.. the world with a stinted heritage of strength? How many are kindled on the altar fires of social ideal. They do not perish as a result of ignorance of the simplest laws of health? seek retribution. They come not to punish but to restore the I dare say their name is legion. This is all being changed in the tented village at the foot long lost heritage of labor. They tear down only that which is selfish and ugly, that which is productive of ignorance, of the mountains. Not by the surgeon's knife or doctor's dose poverty, woe, and want. They aim to save, to nurture, and but by change of environment. The worries pass as the land develop all that makes for kindness, pity, joy, beauty and love. becomes productive. Those who are ill are cared for by the They build while they battle. They cultivate as they con- community. Co-operators can not afford to be lower than the quer. Truth is their sword, reason their defence. Love is ants and bees. Men should be above the insects in social sertheir fortress, justice, equality and comradeship are their VICe, ThrOugh the collective usage of land and machinery (Continued on Page 29) generals. The spirit of liberty inspires them with vision of a IL I �The Western Comrade Wome•'• Oepartm~ol A Woman's Appreciation of Llano By Laila Culbertson Jarvia - -OMEONE has asked me to write an appreciation of earth has deposited miles of lime rock and where it seems only . my visit to Llano without realizing what a hard thing to have to be put into a great oven, and in some mysterious that would be for me to do. I came among you way not understandable to my feminine mind, made into lime, as many others probably do, without any realization or cement, or something capable of constructing homes with. of what it was all about, or what you were all trying to live for. From there it is but a step to see the permanent city, a mile My trip from Los Angeles through the tunnels with their square, rising on the gentle slope of the valley, radiating choking smoke, and my landing at Palmdale a wanderer in a beautiful streets and parks from its central group of low foreign land, was not prepossessing; nor the ride across the buildings. One need have no imagination to see the happy desert, with its many bumps after recent rains, nor the landing comrades flocking to the roof of the columned central structure at the postotfice amid encircling tents and small shacks; left after the day's work is done, listening to the band, getting much to the ip1agination. a fragrant cup of tea or exchanging confidences, as one and all My first introduction to you all was at the dance that night. wait for the glory of the setting sun over that ever changing I have been very lacking in observing rny fellow man, being and mysterious undulating mass of pinks and purples that the much interested in my own affairs, and thinking everyone material man has called the desert. My inspection was not complete until I had seen the kindalso occupied in his, and it came as a surprise, and something of a shock to find myself looking into so many h~ppy faces. eyed cows, and the soft puff-balls of rabbits, the chickens, I felt an atmosphere of con· tentment that was almost tangible. "On with the dance, let joy be unconfined" was true here as I had never seen it before. For my part, you all know the pleasure I had that night, as you all contributed to it. Being a frivolous soul by na ture, the happiness on all your faces attracted me first, and from song and the laughter I was drawn to serious things. Ten days is hardly long enough to comprehend the stupendous principle of it all, but I am sure I caught the spirit of it, and could see the vision like a great white light in the distance. Of course, like all your guests I was shown your points of interest. The fish Social Reception Held at the Hotel to Make New Residents Acquainted With the Older Ones Was Well hatchery, nestling 'way up in Attended ; Picture Shows Small Con~enial Group the mountains, thousands of feet in the air, where in the not far off future, hundreds of ~~;listenin~~; trout will bP sent and strutting turkeys, and the goats, and other things. Then to Los Angeles markets. And the source of the great waterway I felt as if I had grown along the line of constructive work where one can see in imagination a huge hotel and playground enough, to S!!e and appreciate what was being done for the real constructed to cater to all the ills that man is heir to. Then flowers of the desert-the children of the Colony. I spent hours at the Montessori school, where the babies are down to the dam site, where one can see with half an eye a completed concrete structure joining one mountain to another, taught to think for themselves; where they learn by sense of and holding in the valley behind it a great lake of glistening touch to distinguish between different kinds of cloth, linen and blue water, where will be reflected the austere sides of the cotton, for instance, something some of us older sisters find difficult at times; where they get arithmetic by handling geofrowning giant. On into the gorge, where the waters are even now not metrical shapes, and learning their names and unconsciously allowed to waste away, rushing hither and yon under the river ad:ling or taking away from them; where they trace letters by bed, as it seems a fashion for rivers in this country, but are running their fingers over a sandpaper letter and learning to ordered and compelled to decorously march down a single see the shape of it as well as its feel, until suddenly they know tunnel and deposit their wealth in irrigation ditches, where it and write it in a surer hand than the child who u juJt taught to trace it on paper; where the teacher learns what . they will do the most good. Then I was taken to the sawmill and watched the giants the child has talent for by watching it at play or work. M of the mountain tops put onto a table-like structure and cut it is allowed to choose and develop along its own lines. Then the junior Colony is waiting to take this embryo into boards and shingles preparatory to making the houses (Continued on Page 28) for all to live in. And to the lime kiln, where kind motter S �Page twenty-two Fi<:tio11 The Adoption of Gray Eyes • IBI • - -EING a savage, Sammy threw stones at the first white man he saw, but the first time he beheld a white woman he gazed at her with open eyed ~azement. _ She was the wife of a land inspector and since it was her first trip over the reservation, she returned the chilcfs gaze with as frank an interest as his own. She put her hand under his chin and turned the little brown face up toward hers, only to draw back with a quick motion of astonishment and perplexity. "Gray eyes! " she exclaimed. "Why, yes," her husband replied, "a little half breed." "But gray eyes! " she persisted, "among all those brown eyed savages!" and seeing that her husband was not paying : any attention she said no more. The boy was only six and he knew no English words, but he felt that his eyes had offended, and covering them with his grimy little hand, he dived into a nearby teepee. Once, one of the braves had struck him across the eyes and had called him the Indian name for "white" because he had refused to eat dog meat. They had taken his puppy, his little .fat puppy that barked for joy when it saw him and licked his hand when he petted it, they had taken his one pet and had killed it to eat! He had cried and the blow across his eyes had been the lesser pain. Also he had gone hungry for several days, because of his unruliness. Could the lady tell, at one glance, that his eyes, a boy's eyes, cried as quickly as a girl's? Several years after that, when he was thirteen, the school inspector put him in the reservation boarding school. Mary Austin, his teacher, was new in the service and wht:n he stood beside her to receive his books, her exclamation was the same the other woman had used, only now he understood. "Gray eyes! " He turned and stumbled back to his desk and not once did he raise the lowered eye-lids, not even when the books were placed before him. Yet there was nothing sullen in his expression, rather, a mixture of shame and timidity. And Mary noticed that he did not play with the other children. That night she told her room-mate, a girl experienced m Indian teaching. "You cannot imagine how oddly I felt when he looked at me suddenly, and I saw that his eyes were gray. It seemed to me that some white child was masked behind that · copper skin, and poor little chap, he must have realized some way, how I felt, for he didn't look at me <\gain all morning! I . wish I knew something about him." "Then ask Superintendent Moss," the other replied sleepily, "he can tell you all about any of them. The records are all in the office. But as for half-breeds, my dear, you'll have to get used to seeing them, there's simply hundreds on the reservation." She did not mean to be blunt or unsympathetic, but she had long since ceased to mix sentiment with pedagogy. The next day, unable to overcome her feeling of curiosity, Mary sought the Superintendent. He was devoted to his work and his charges, and any interest in them aroused his appreciation. "It is not an unusual case, Miss Austin," he said in reply to her question, "just one of the tragedies we find every once in a while. His father wa~ some white man, nobody knows whom, but the records show that his mother died when he was born. Since then he has just lived in one of the camps, belonging to nobody, and neglected by everybody. But the gray The Weslerll Comrade By Helen Frances Easley eyes are unusual, most breeds, even quarters, generally have brown. Except in a very few instances the mixture of white and Indian blood is a bad thing. The children are claimed by neither race, but we try to give them something here that will lessen the handicaps." For three months Mary watched this pupil' with more than usual interest. Little by little she overcame his shyness, and his capacity and thirst for knowledge was a source of neverending delight. For we~ks she had been formulating a plan, and one night she put it into a letter. "My dear Dr. Mason" she wrote, "You will no donbt remember me as one of your last year's pupils in philosophy. I successfully passed the Civil service examinations and am now in the Indian service. "I have found a problem for you, practical and real and not theoretical. Among my pupils is a little half-breed boy, thirteen years old. I might not have noticed him especially except that he had gray eyes, and it took me days to get over the uncanny feeling that he wasn't a white child in masquera.de! Even now I think he is out of place. And here is the problem: Would environment overcome his inherent instincts? I hear you saying 'Yes', or fancy I do, knowing your opinion on the matter. And this is my request: Do you think it possible to put him in the prep school of the University~ You may think that the teachings of thirteen years will be-hard to undo, but there has been no training. Up until three months ago he has done nothing but exist. You would find him a wonderful scholar, he reminds me of a sponge ready to absorb all that comes his way. Please do not hint that my anxiety to get him into better surroundings is acknowledgment of my own inadequacy to meet the situation! But he seems so worth while that ·I cannot resist asking you. He has no parents, and I am sure there would be no trouble in securing the consent of the authorities. However, I have said nothing of this to anyone and shall not until I hear from you. "Trusting that you are having a happy year with your classes, and that this tetter will in no way be an intrusion, "I am, Most sincerely yours, Mary Au~tin." The answer to Mary's letter came promptly. Dr. Mason was eager to take the Indian boy and so matters were taken up with Superintendent Moss, and on through the department until full permission was granted for Sammy Small Horse to leave the reservation, "Purpose-Educational." When he was first told of the plan, Sammy evinced no great pleasure, simply acquiescence to it, but as the days passed, and the time for his departure drew near, he became more and more excited. When he left, Mary was the only one to whom he said a special farewell. Dr. Mason's first letter after the arrival of Sammy was one that a child, pleased with a wonderful new toy might have written, and said in part: " . . but we have changed his name. Small Horse is too impossible. In all my experiences I've never heard a civilized name as bad as that, ugly as some of them are. From now on his name is Samuel Mason. I have given him my name, and although I shall not legally adopt him, he is to live in my home, and be my son." From time to time Mary received news of her former pupil, always enthusiastically written. Then a year later a letter came which was handed from one teacher to another and taken to the Agency. The experiment was provmg more than a success. Dr. Mason wrote as follows: �The Western Comrade "My dear Miss Mary: For several days I've been intend~ ing to write to you, but I have never until now had time for the lengthy letter I knew I must send you. It is, of course, concerning Samuel. He is progressing beyond our most san~ guine hopes, and I am not sure but that you have sent us a genius. The boys have gotten over regarding him as a curiosity and treating him as 'company'; he is truly one of us. A week ago when I addressed Convocation, just the day before our team left on a week's football tour, I could feel those gray eyes upon me every moment. The little boys had been allowed to come over from prep school, for we believe in making them feel that while they are not actually students in the University, the knowledge they are gaining now is a foundation for greater knowledge, and it is to them that we look for our future students. "Later in the day, I found that I had left my note-book in the Auditorium, and on going back was amazed to find Samuel playing the piano. Th~re was no one with him and he was singing a song the like of which I had never heard before, all deep throaty gutturals which are impossible to my vocal organs. It was the first time I had ever heard him using his native tongue. The accompaniment was weird in the extreme, mostly a drum-drum of chords, but now and then a plaintive little melody and marked throughout with absolute harmony. Each verse ended in a wailing 'eeeeee' sung in a descending chromatic which was truly wonderful. Is that a characteristic ending to their songs? If so, I can readily understand the terror of early settlers upon hearing such a sound in the dead of night. The rendition by one small boy in daylight was suf~ ficient for me. When he had finished I asked him the name of his song, and he gravely told me that it was one he had made up. I, of course, wondered why he did not sing it in English, but he replied that it was an Indian Good-bye song, that the Indians always sang such songs when their friends were leaving, and on their return they brought the singer some gift, and he was singing to the football team! I confess then that I thought our work had 1:-een for naught. Here was this little pagan wishing for some men who hardly knew him to bring him back a gift. I am one who has to know the worst, so I asked him what gift he desired. Fiction "May I never see such a look of pain on his face ag~in! 'The v'ictory of the team!' he answered me, using a phrase I had used in my convocation address. "Miss Mary, how many American boys could have been more loyal? Indian though he may be, he is learning a lesson which I trust will never fail him. "I wish it were possible to teach the team the song in the Indian language. I think it would be a most appropriate 'yell.' The English words are not so musical but interesting enough when one knows the circumstances under which they were sung. Samuel says that this is a faithful translation: " 'Go to meet your enemies and fight, We remain to hear good news, Win the game and hurry home, So we can light the bonfires and dance,' "Instead of going back to my study, I took the child with me to Professor Bucheim, and asked him to listen to the song. Of course he could make nothing of the words, but he was delighted, enraptured with the accompaniment. He has taken him under his wing and Samuel has begun his music le&sons. You may remember Professor Bucheim's broken English and under such excitement it was more broken than ever as he assured me that he would teach him faithfully and pray unceasingly that the mechanical part of technique would not kill the originality in the boy. , "So you see, Miss Mary, what I meant when in the beginning of this letter, I said perhaps you had sent us a genius. Who knows but what this child may preserve for us the wild free music of a race fast disappearing, preserving for us as it really is, and not as an American would translate it for us. "I can never thank you enough for sending this boy to me. He is mine, and I mean to give him every opportunity that is possible. I know that you will be interested in hearing about him and I shall write you as often as I can do so. "Trusting that your work is as congenial as you first found James Mason." it, I am, believe me, faithfuly yours, And so it came about that the grey eyed little Indian boy had at last found a real place among real friends, no longer dependent on the whims of camp comrades, no longer called different because of his eyes. p i c k e t i n g t he R a n c he s E. G. LaRose was despatched to San Francisco. He went into session with the union leaders and when he .came out he h<ld the name of a revolutionary Japa nese. This militant son of Nippon volunteered to organize the Japanese vineyard workers, and expects to do it. Some of the big vineyards employ nearly 200 men in the busy season. They want cheap labor, ever cheaper labor. One is reported to have said "We are a $3,000,000 corporation and in 35 years have never had a strike. We will fight to the finish." But the unionizing has gone steadily on. Hindoo leaders have sent the word out through their own mysterious channels to stick tight for the new wage scale. Already the unions have netted a general result of 25c an hour for farm labor, though for an ostensible nine hour day that really takes in ten hours. This is a wonderful gain over past conditions. Can the Strikers Win? The big factors in the fight will be the unions on one side and on the other the California Associated Raisin Company, The California Wine Association, and -the California Peach Growers with the newly formed Valley Growers' Association. But the first two organizations are manufacturers of wines and brandies. In the ever-recurring fight between the wets Page twenly·three Continued from page eleven and the drys the labor unions have stood ably by the wets. Can these manufacturers afford to turn on labor in this new fight? But besides the uncomfortable position these associations are placed in there is a new factor to be considered. A factory can be closed or the product made e!sewhere. But crops must be harvested when ready. Last fall the raisin belt lost a million dollars by an early rain. Grapes and peaches must both be picked at the critical time, or lost altogether. The arrest of 50 strikers for carrying concealed weapons was not 8erious. They were soon released on bail. But the plans of the organizers are serious and far reaching. If the workers ·can be housed and if competent organizers can be se~ cured, the new unions will prosper. There is perfect unanimity among the races. The Orient and the Occident have met on a common footing, with a common demand for less work and more wages, a chance to live decently, and the right to enjoy some of the wealth which the workers create. At present the Five Nations have won the major portion of their demands. They have much to do to strengthen their position, to intrench . against organized property, to equip themselves for defensive and offensive warfare, to make their position impregnable. The leaders say it can be done. �T h e w ·e • I e r n Page twenty-fou r Remaking the Party In C.alifornia Section 3 (c) The time allowed for voting shall be live weeks from the mailing of the referendum. Section 3 (d) The voles shall be delivered to and can~assed by the local and the result thereof certified to the stale executive commillee by the local sec retary and two other members. Section 3 (e) Five days after the dosing of the vote shall be allowed in which to fil e the returns with the secretary-treasurer. Votes received the reaft er shall not be counted. Sec tion 4 (a) Any local initiating a referendum may submit a statement of not more than two hundred words, of its object and purpose which shall be printed wi th the referendum. Section 4 (b) If any abusive language is contained in initiative or statement the motion shall become null and void. Sec tion 4 (c) Names of locals initiating and seconding shall be publi. hed wi th the referendum. Article 2. The following majority repo rt was made on Article 2, Section I : The membership in the Socialist Party shall consist of: (a) Re~ ul a r membe rs. All registered Socialisto; all persons between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years, and all foreigners who have decl ared their intentions to becoming citizens of the United States are eligible to regular membershi p, provided they pay regularly in advance the re4uired d ues. (b) Associa te membero : all registered Socialists other than the regula r membe rs. (c) Right s and privileges of members : Regular members shali be privileged to pa rticipate in all party acti vities. (d) Associate members shall be privileged to pa rticipate onl y in the political ac ti vities of the party . (This fail ed to carry) . The Minorit y report was read as follows: Sec tion I. The membe rship of the Socialist Party shall consist of all pe rso ns over the age of eight een yea rs who shall sign the pledge of membe rship requi red by the national constitution and shall be admitted by their respec ti ve locals and pay the required dues . (Carried.) PLEDGE I. the undersigned. recognizing tire necessity of the workers orgamzong themsel ves into a political party fo r the purpose of attaining industrial and polatical democracy, hereby apply for membership in the Socialist Party . I have no relation (as a member or supporter) with any other political party. Name........................ Occupation.... ...... If member of a labor organization give name and number .......... ...... Street address...... ..... City State __ _________ __ ___ Proposed by _______ ______ ___ Date _______ ____ ____ _ Amount paid $........... . Received of ----···-· ······· $ ............ with application for membership in the Socialast Pa rt y. Signed ............................ " Sec tion 2. Theo·e shall be issued to each regular member upon admission ,. ,. ,. If there was Qiscouragement over the history of the decline in membership and lack of activity it disappeared when some ta ngible pla ns for work and propaganda were offered to the delegates who assembled with rather long faces and disheartened mein. The convention listened in silence to the reading of the state secretary's report. It was a fair presentation of the case but the figures told the story of the decline of interest in the organized movement and pointed to the necessity for immediate action if the party was to survive. That the delegates had long realized the gravity of the situation was readily apparent. That they were ready and eager for action was quickly shown by their response when constructive, forward moving propositions were put before them. (Continued from page 15) a red membership card in the form prescribed by the executive CQJlUI\ittee. Said card shall be signed by the local secretary, and in cue of. a membe.r a t large by the state secretary-treasurer. Article 3. Section I. Five or more persons who have qualified as regular members according to the provisions of this constitution may organize a local. Section 2. (a) Socialist locals shall be orllanized without regard to political subdivisions. The jurisdiction of said locals shall be confined to the' · members thereof. 'The entire membership residing within any political ubdi,•ioion oi the slate shall have charge of all purely political activi ty wi thin said territory . ·The membership in one or more political subdivisions may, by majority vole of the members within each district combine their political ac tivity. Article 3, Section 2 (b) The secretaries of locals shall make q uarterly reports of the financial standing, addresses and occupa tions of membef' to the slate office. Article 3, Section 2 (c) All referendums lo the sla te membership shall be published in the slate bulletin, a copy of which shall be supplied to each member. Article 3, Section 2 (d) A monthly bulletin shall be issued by the stale offoce and mailed all persons payi ng therefor a t the ra te of 25c per annum. Article 3, Section 2 ( e) Locals shall hold a t leas t one business mee ting each month . Article 6 The power to grant and revoke cha rters shall be ves ted in the sta le executive committee. Such ac tion being subjec t to re ferendum of the regula r membership of the slate. Article 7. Sec tion I. ( a) The whole regula r pa rty membershi p shall be- classified as to industries or occupa tio ns as fo llows: farme rs. miners. transpo rt a- tion wo rkers, manufac turin g wo rkers, building trades . priniing trades, store and service wo rk ers, professional workers and housekeepers, and shall be so registered a t the sla te office. Section I. (b) Those registered in each indu; trial or occupa tional group shall elec t one member of the sla te executi ve committee. Section I. (c) The person so elec ted by any such group shall be the slate organizer for the group elec ting him and shall be subjec t to instruction and to recall onl y by the members of his group and shall be o ne o f the nine membe rs o f the sta le exec utive committee. Sec tion 2. The slate sec reta ry- treasurer shall be appoi nted by the slate executi ve committee. He may be removed by the sla te execu ti ve co:nmi llee or a referendum vole of the membership. Section 2 . No member shall be eligible to the stale exec uti ve committee who has not been a membe r of the organizaion in good standing for at leas t lwo years immedia tely preceding the date of nomination. "Measures First" In California fornia are waking up to the fact that there is a difference between reform measures and those measures which protect the workers and strengthen them in their determination to have the whole loaf· by giving them a taste of one slice. c 0 m r ad " (Continued from page 13) Even amon g those comrades who might have been expected to cling to dogma and tradition was a distinc t cleavage and many of those who have long bee n in the mo vement were delighted to see heart searchings and awa kenin gs where reactionary tendencies might have been expected. With the solid alignment on constructive policies it was soon apparent that a large majority of the delegates were ready to abandon hide-bound doctrine and go ahead toward victory. In many paragraphs the secretary's report was startlingly significant of the failure of the old methods. "Although the party revenue has been cut in two we have spent mo re money on organization work and special propaganda during the past six months than any corresponding period in years." More money spent, and that it was spent with judgment and discrimination no one doubted , yet the resul ts were pitifully 5mall. There was greater fall ing off in membership than ever. 'This points its own moral : The present organization a nd party tactics are in many ways antiquated and reactionary; an impediment to party growth." �The Western Comrade Page IWP.J1Iy-five Propacanda Nettles for P-oliticians - - - HE Politician says: "If you want Socialism, vote for it." The Co-operative Workers say: "If you want Socialism, work for it." · _.:__ The great e<>mpetitive system is practiced ·by the great majority of the people. It must be gradually t~ansmuted and changed into a co-operative system. Only as the workers turn to voluntary co-operation and labor ownership of industries producing the necessaries of life, may society hope to employ every worker at useful labor who desires to work, abolish poverty, and enjoy permanent, industrial peace and common prosperity. The Industrial Revolution will be but the turning of labor from the wage system under private capital ownership to collective ownership of industries by the workers themselves under voluntary co-operation (not including the great monopolized public utilities). TI It will be the great task and function of the Socialist Party to socialize the public utilities, and to gain control of the taxing powers and police powers of the nation. In this great work they will have the economic support of the co-operative workers. The impending Industrial Revolution will not be a revolution of force as so many fear (only political revolutions resort to force). Revolution is hardly the proper word; it will be Evolution, desirable and peaceful. It is coming faster than the political Socialists imagine; they could boost it a little while they are waiting for the train to the ,next election, if they would. The "high cost of living" is due to organization. Nothing more. It is not such a deplorable matter as many politicai Socialists would make it appear. This is the station where the co-operative workers of the world get off at_ The New Day : - - -tHIS is the New Day! It behooves us to make resolu! tions not only out of thought for the improvement of ' individual character, but of social character as well. ___ Individual righteousness and social righteousness are two different things. but they are closely related and should not be separated. Each reinforces the other. Certain principles should guide the making of c.ur resolutions for greater social righteousness. More than these is impossible and less than these unthinkable to those with big hearts, broad minds and the Great Social Vision. Caste and class and hide-bound creeed are hateful things, for they shackle the bodies and minds and souls of men. An intelligent, faithful following of social righteousness demands a program that will banish them from the earth. Greatness does not consist in political preferment or ability to lead men to murder on fields of battle. Social righteousness holds up for admiration and emulation those who in prominent or obscure activities add to the fulness and happiness of T By Cli n t o n B a n c r o f t . By Edmund R. Brumbaugh human life, and it has only scorn and contempt for those who through lust for gold or glory, or both, empty life of its joy and usefulness and possibilities. Mere money-getting should not be considered a sign of merit nor luck and cunning and trickery titles to public esteem. Few will dispute this-with their lips and pens--but equally few show their approval by their lives and works. An industrial system that exalts money-getting and luck and cunning and trickery, rewarding a few with great riches and condemning many to great poverty, embodies the height of social iniquity. And finally, we of the Socialist movement, must preserve its purity and integrity, allowing neither defeat nor triumph to lead us astray. We must beware of compromise and political trading. We have mighty principles to maintain, and must not prove false to them either through ignorance or indolence or deliberate disruptive intent. Much depends upon it. Infinite improvement is at stake. Here is the final, most vital feature of social righteousness. Shall \Ve Do Something Different? - - -LTHOUGH Socialist organization is 'at its lowest ebb, there is a remar,kable wave of Socialist sentiment in the land. Unless we are able to crystallize this --~ Socialist sentiment, it will be absorbed and utilized by some anti-Socialist mo~ement. What shall we do to take advantage of this golden opportunity? Shall we continue to do as we have been doing? Or, shall we do something different? Shall we continue the hair splitting process, the last effort of which divides "idealists" into "soft-headed" and "hardheaded idealists," presumably bone-headed? Most Socialists understand well what killed the S. L. P.and the Socialist Party in California is little different to-day than was the S. L. P. before 1900. Reading a text from the master and then entering into devotional exercises may entertain the few who may be assembled, but it fails to reach the multitude. If a Socialist does not agree with the war program as hastily outlined by our national committee, he is a traitor. The writer is not so sure there is nothing in our 1 I A By A. E. Briggs civilization worth retaining, and if need be, fighting for. A few years ago in Great Britain, conditions were similar to those that exist here now. There was a Socialist Party claiming to be very scientific, orthodox and sane. It, like ours, was falling to impotency and rapidly growing smaller. There, as in California, if one did not spell revolution with two or more r's, he was bourgeoisie. Kier Hardie and others, seeing the impotency of the S. P., organized the Independent Labor Party, and achieved it without a divine revelation or a creed, with a strong admixture of Socialists, and this is today the Socialist Party of Great Britain and recognized all over the world; while their old S. P. is fulfilling the mission of a teaser, haggling over points of doctrine and holding up their ideals. If the S. P. of America does not rise to the occasion, become an efficient agency, and take care of the growing Socialist sentiment, then something must take its place. The writer has wondered if the Socialist Party will not con(Continued on Page 29) �Page twenty-six Macazine T he Western Comrade Summ a ry What Thinke'rs Think The Substance of lnstrtfctive Articles 1n January Magazines THE MASSES This Beats War.-Murder is monotonous. The rehabilitation of Belgium is an idea such as ne ver occurred to Tamburlane or Caesar. Now that the les;son is learned, it will not require a German invasion to rouse us to this new adventu re.. All the wo rld is a Belgium in need of help. And all the world can play the part of a magnificently helping America. PEARSON'S Crimes of Charity.-The object of the Charity investigators in New York is to find out reasons and excuses why help should not be given. If they prove soft hearted they lose their job and no one knows bette r than they that poverty is a crime for which they will be terribly punished. The trea tment to which the helpless poor are subjected is so - insulting and cruel, tha t they a re temp ted to resort to crime to escape their ''charitable lormcntors.''- Konrad Bercovici. The Miners' Union, A Doer of Big Deeds.-The Uni ted Mine.-Workers Union is more to its members thttn politics, more than '1"eligion. It has been School. Government. Chu rch. a nd University to vast numbers, and h as performed all these functions better than the institutions that bear those names. In seventeen years this union expended nearly twen ty-two million dollors. In Illinois the Unions a re establishing co-operative stores. The~r main ac ti vities include conferences wi th the operators backed by strikes, whe reby wages and hours arc gradually improved, to prevent child labor and educa te the children. to secure old age pensions and workmen's compensation ac ls.- A. M. Simons. INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW Our Benevolent Government.-The same bill which purports to gran t American cit izenship to the people of Porto Rico, takes away the civil righ ts that the people enjoy a nd possess. A property clause elimina tes from the suffrage ninety per cent of the population. On the o ther hand, no means are provided for the education of some 300.000 child ren so that they too will be deprived of the right of franchise. The labor unions of the country are growing quite r~pidly.-Nina Lane McBride THE FRA Detectives' Te:ttimony.-A boy arrested for a firs t offense was so beaten and abused that he invented a lot of false testimony rather than meet that "200 pound fist with his battered face again." That is the third degree which produces the CONFESSIONS tha t send men to dea th. Tha t is why every ci tizen who may be drawn on a jury should swear to himself that he will never believe a word of testimony given by a policema n or a detective. Some day this te rrible travesty called the third degree may be visited on you and yours.- Fclix Shay. THE SURVEY Behind the Drums of Revolution. -ln Mexico the Sec re tary of Stale and o ther State officers and Judges of he Supreme Bench, . men educated in Paris and Berlin, arc strongly in favor of the nationalization of industries, government ownership, and o ther revolutio nary measures. The minister of justice informed the magistrates taking oath that "we arc condemning and rejecting all tha t has previously taken place, and that there exist no laws or regulations which bind us to any definite procedure, and that it becomes necessary to apply a strictly revolutionary spirit in order that the administra tion of justice may fulfil the aspirations of the Revolution. L1tely Carranza has receded from this position and the Pan-American Federation of Labor is protesting.- John Murray. AMERICAN REVIEW OF REVIEWS England's "State of Mind."-An anonymous British soldier desc ribes his feelings on revisiting Engla nd r.s those of a visitor among stra ngers whose a ttentions were kindly but whose modes of though t he couiJ nerther understand no r approve. They seem ashamed of the ideas which sent us to France and for which thousands of sons and lovers have died, and calculate the profits of the "wa r after the war,'' as though the un_s~eak able agomes of the Somme were an item in a commercial propOSIIlon. The. people have chosen to make for themselves a n image of \~ar, no t a~ 11 IS, but as an exciting and picturesque novelty. The soldrers. carrymg the load wi th aching bones, ha ting it and no t unconscious of rts monslrosrty, b ut drmly hoping tha t by sho>~ldering it now they will save others from rt m the future, look back with even an exaggerated affeclr< ' to the blessmgs of peace. The people are divided in soul. half rmply rr.g that o ur cause is the cause of humanity in general. and of democracy m parllcular. yet not daring boldly to say so, lest la te r they should be compelled to fulfil their vows." THE WORLD'S WORK Sleep for the Sleepless._:_Sieep is more imperative than food. In the awful retreat to the Marne lasting nine days, men slept as they walked. in water, on stones, or fell as dead in the middle of the road. Wounded men with legs 'shattered, abdomen ·or chest tom wide open, s}_ept soundly. Not a groan, not a motion, not a complaint--only sleep. Often it is two days before they return from the abysmal oblivion of sleep to conscious suffering. Insomnia is no t a disease, it is a symptom, a fear, a habit. Many people need little sleep and are better without it. In other cases some stomach or eye conditio . . is the cause of the trouble. Great physical fatigue is best treated by a rub-down and a rest before going to •leep. A neutral bath is a good sleep p roducer. Alcohol is a dangerous recourse. It is futile to TRY to sleep ; better results can usually be a ttainod by making ones self comfortable in bed and d eciding to stay awake. As soon as one ceases to make an effort the necessary relaxation occurs.-Charles Phelps Cush ing. THE CENTURY The Matter of the Eight Hour Day.-Mothernatically, if a man can dig 3 feel of trench in one hour, in eight hours he can dig 8 x 3. or 24 feet, and in ten hours 30 feet. But the old arithmetic never included the toxin of fatigue in its reckoning. When th~ poisoning of chronic exhaustion, and the inspiration of recreation and prospe rity are added to the terms of the ag reement, it works out in this way. In February, 1913, 16,000 men working ten hours, produced 16,000 Ford cars. In February, 1914, 15,800 men working eight hours produced 26,000 Ford cars. And these results have been reproduced in many other factories. Apart from the efficiency aspect the public has another inerest. A democracy depends for its welfare upon the int{"lligence of its citizens. How can - a man vote wisely if he has no time to read and discuss the questions of the day? Moreover, chronic fatigue implies no t only ignorance in this generation but degeneracy in the next. Life is more than work. Work performed by tired men is costly to society. -Mary Alden Hopkins. THE INDEPENDENT For Conscience Sake.-The English tribunals were so firmly persuaded that a ll conscientious objectors were really cowards that they supposed they would be giving satisfaction in merely relieving them from the dangers of war. After many of these men had undergone solitary confinement, dark cells, irons, bread and water, brutal iasults from officers, and often gross physical ill treatment the courage a nd genuineness of the victims reached the minds of even the densest militarists. Death sentences have been commuted to ten years penal servitude and a general mitigation of sentences is taking place. Thost who will accept work of "national importance' are now reasonably safe, but those who demanJ real freedom of conscience arc still kept in prison, and "it is impossible for me to withdraw from the agi tation anq enter into a ny compact witn the government until they are set at liberty ." In the e nd it will have been established that belief in the brotherhood of man is not in itself a crime.- Berlrand RusselL T HE ATLANTIC The Insane Root.-"Human Nature" is not responsible for the war. It is a vast exhibition of insanity, the negation of all ideas, moral or immoraL The problems involved, if they had concerned six intelliRent individuals. might have been settled in a few minutes over a pipe of tobacco. Yet the Sta les have sacrificed forty-one million men, in dead and wounded, in two years. It was in the wo rld of State relations that the present war was begun, and the disaster was the result of the fact that the States are o rganized as fighting units. The reason that civilized individuals do not settle their disputes by force is that they are not allowed to carry arms.-l.. P. J acks. The Symphony.-ln music the various properties or slates of the human being a re expressed in their essence, detached from all · actual manifestation. Your na tu re is freed a nd your soul disencumbered of your body, and you rise to a world of pure imagination where there is no locality. We have always sough t a four th dimension and have always had it - in music. The child has a na tural taste for music, but in some of us it has been allowed to lapse; so our first duty is to our children. But children and grown-ups should seek every opportunity of hearing good music, and allowing the music itself to increase their susceptibility little by little. Here is the music; h ere is the person. It was created of him and for 1\im. It is inconceivable without him. It is his spirit coming pac~ to him purified. -Thomas Whitney Surette. �The Western Comrade Page twcnty-se~en Macazine Summary THE PUBLIC Army Man Condemns Militarism.-Major Wm. C. Harlee testifying before a committee of the Senate said that the military caste system and barracks life destroy the fighting qualities in men, and officers invariably prefer new men when there is real work to be done. N poleon destroyed caste in the army because he saw that it .injured the business. There was no caste in the citizen army of the 60's. He opposed universal or compulsory service or any other than that rendered by willing ·men. A soldier can be trained in a few weeks- to fight. The real problem is the development of new leaders. Promoting rifle practice among civilia~s is desirable. ..You can't oppress a people who know how to shoot. McCLURE'S Taking the Tariff out of Politics.-There a re more than four thousand items in a tariff schedule, and the public is terribly bored by tariff disc ussions. There is a loud call for a permanent non-partisan ta riff commission of experts, that shall .. take the tariff out of politics,.. This admirable plan seems so simple. Why has it never been thought of before ? It has been ; the suggestion is nearly as old as the ta riff. The present administration has done something like this fo r the currency system. ' If the tariff can be as well handled, the results may be equally as farreaching.-Edward J. Wheeler. EVERYBODY'S Whose Open Door ?-T he door that :s opened in China today is the door of forceful aggression . Japan and Russia both know how to use their diplomatic influence at Pek in to preven t the opening of any door in China which it does not suit them to have open. America has given convincing evidence that we will not fight for the ..Open Door, .. and it no longer matters what we say. Meanwhile China has lost her fiscal freedom, her financial freedom, and her judicial freedom. J apan is de- !ermined to secure the commercial domination of China and thinks it necessary to first secure the political control. However, China never ' having learned to develop her resources is living in a state of chronic starva-t ion. If Japan installs the machinery for a reorganization, the vast flood let loose by such development will sweep every shore of every ocean. It looks as if it might be profitable for us as well as healthful fo r China, to help Japan into the China shop. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW The Art Museum and the Public.-A person may be taught to paint up to a certain point and if he has certain gifts; but only from art itself can he learn appreciation. He must look a t the actual things of beauty, and look and look again until they become their own interpreters. All men have an equal right to spiritual activities and society needs that the opportunity for such activities should to all men be given. The large museums are necessary but the small and specialized collections have an a tmosphere that canno t be achieved in a great museum. What is needed is a nation-wide app reciation of the value of visual instruction as afforded by museums, the formation of the .. museum habit.'' In the Middle Ages the poorest lived amid beauty tha t they themselves had produced, beauty that they owned. We have almost no means of gaining this training. - Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselear. THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Those Guarantees for Permanent Peace.-Solemn treaties are mere paper, armed guards and crushing cash indemnities keep alive a passion for revenge. Has there ever been a method that succeeded ? The Treaty of Ghent, which closed the war betwen this country and Great Britain, contained no clause to humilia te either party, and was followed by the RushBaa! a rrangement which disarmed absolutely the frontier between the U. S. and Canada. The result was a hund red years of limitless peace and prosperity. ..Where nobody's loaded no thing explodes ...- Edward Berwick. Reviews of Recent Radical Books "The New Social Structure,'' by Caroline A. Lowe. A concise sta tement, based on conservative historical data, of the fact tha t the constitution of the United States was a capitalist document, designed to .. keep down the turbulence of democracy,.. and .. to show the weight of aristocracy.'' In the process of evolution government was fi rs t handled by the .. strong man,.. later by the a ristocracy, later still the thi rd estate, the bourgeosie, took a hand, and now it is the turn of the fourth estate, the working class, the great ..common people, .. to come into their own. These must learn that if they all a rise together to take possession o f the wealth they have created, none will remain to drag them down. Caroline Lowe quotes Lincoln to the effect that a majority of any people may revolutionize, putting down a mino rity, to establish a government that suits them better. "The Life of Father Haire" Father Haire, after an adventurous early life. became a Catholic priest, and then gave up the charge of the cathed ral in Detroit to go to the front ier in the Dako tas. He embraced Socialism, became a very influential political leader without weakening in his religious views, gave the sta te the initiative and referendum. and advocated woman suffrage and p rohibition. He edited a paper and his editorials were masterpieces o f a rgument and bitter invective against evil things, but never against persons. The life of Father Haire disproves several fallacies and gives room for new ideas in the minds of thinking men, especially this one, that the Socialist Party is a political party, and as such has no concern with religion except to protect citizens in freedom of conscience. Eugene V. Debs said of him: .. Father Haire was a true follower of Jesus Christ, a real Socialist and lo ver of his fellow men, and as noble a so ul as ever dwelt in a tenement of clay." Published by the Socialist P arty, Sisseton, S. D. ; 10 cents. "Democracy and Despotism," by Walter Thomas Mills Some form of government is the only way in which the collective interests of the community can be handled, and the desires and intentions of the majority of the people must be the standard to be attained. The argumt!!ll that the just and intelligent people are always in the minority does not apply because the just and intelligent people are rarely those holding special privileges, and hence never belong to the ruling minority, though this last always tries to disguise itself so as · to be mistaken for the just and wise group. Every citizen of the United States is a sha reholder in the richest and most powerful corporation on earth, and the machinery has gradually been developed by which the citizens, acting co -operatively, could control this corporation in such a way as to get each and all their respective share of the d ividends, but this must be d one by ignoring the machinery which has been built up by the small minority of special privilege, and using the democratic machinery of the initiative, referendum, and recall. As soon as the majo rity of the citizens pledge themselves to stop the political career of any public servant who refuses to promote the interests of the democracy as against the despotism of the minority of special privilege, and seriously .exert their power, they will cease to be the special victims of these special privileges. It is necessary to begin with the smaller offices of the municipality and build up an organization which can enlarge its activities into State and National a ffairs. This book a very clear and thoughtful statement, and most of the recommendations it makes are now being demonstrated at Llano. A New Booklet on Jack London Emanuel Julius, autho r of ..The Colo r of Life,.. is issuing a new booklet on Jack London, which should be o f immediate interest because of the recent death of the no ted novelist.. The author was fo rtunate enough to inte rview J ack London while he was in Los Angeles. What he told Emanuel Julius will be specially engaging. London rumina tes on art, literatu re, Socialism. and o ther commanding topics. He expresses his opinions in a lively manner. In addition to the interview with Jack London the booklet contain. two essays. One is entitled "Democratizing the Nice Stuff," and tells what art and literature mean to modern radicals. The second essay is called .. The Reward of Genius... It treats the subject in an original manner. The autho r shows wha t poverty and social injustice do to the creative spirit. He also shows the way out. Published by the author, Box 125, Girard. Kansas ; 20 cents a copy, three for 50 cents . Tell the Comrade if you don't gel you r paper. Make all remittances, complaints, and subscriptions direct to the WESTERN COMRADE. This office cannot be responsible in o ther cases. Don' t ask the Membership department to do this for you. Please write to the WESTERN COMRADE direct. Non Resident Readers.-When you have any requests, any information, want samples, certain numbers, bundles, o r wish to change your address, make complaints, or send subscriptions, write a separate letter and direct it to the WESTERN COMRADE, not to any individual, or any other department. When sent to o ther departments or individuals, or in letters with other business, they are likely to be delayed. You will confer a genuine favo r on the Llano publications by observing this rule, and also ~e~4re ~r~ater satisfac tion. �Page twenly-eighl The We s I e r n Co m r,a de A Vf oman's Appreciation of tlano (Continued from Page 21) material and make the foundation for a real •man or . woman. Here the budding man has a chance to learn the joy of real work. Here the boy is taught to construct his own home, build his own bed, and how soft that bed will feel when he lies in it for the first time-tired, but proud, because he made it-it is his. While he is sawing lumber he is learning to compute it in feet, he is learning dimensions and much more. Then he has the farm with all its problems to take care of. The chickens and goats are much more apt to get good care when he knows they are all his. In the garden work, he is finding himself interested in going a little deeper into botany, or biology. He goes on and on, from one absorbing subject to another, until before he realizes it, he knows something, apd instead of its being a grind he has enjoyed himself. · These boys and girls have self-government and hold parliamentary meetings every Friday and judge, and are judged by, each other. They soon learn in the atmosphere of love and work that to deceive or lie gets them nothing but scorn from their fellow workers, but to work for the love of the work is the only thing. "And no one shall work for money, and no one shall work for fame, but each for the joy of working, and each , in his separate star. shall draw the thing as he sees it, for the God of things as they are!" So I found the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. And like all discoveries, a bit disappointing until proved, that to work was happiness, and that happiness was to work, but to work for others was the supreme happiness of all. And at the last analysis we must acknowledge that we are all striving for happiness. And where under the canopy of heaven, dear sisters, will you find a gra nder opportunity of helping your fellow men , than in building a n ideal community at Llano? Showing the doubting world, that idealism still exists, that thoughts are living things, that you are exponents of service for others, happiness to yourselves, and radiating a love that extends to the farthest corners of the world. hand any normal human being who starts in to make something would rather make it well than badly, as a matter of personal dignity. If we can get at the producer and tell him that we are willing to pay him a reasonable price for the article, a price which will sa feguard his interests, provided he brings it up to a certain standard and that the intermediary profits are cut out, the transaction will not only be materially profitable to both parties, but all the demoralizing and degrading features of commercial life will be avoided. · Having arranged to obtain their supplies the next thing is to handle them. The store must be established in a strategic position, equipped with every labor saving device, and the delivery system handled as a unit and in the most economical way. The enormous economy realized by cutting out the middleman and the duplication of plant and stock, would make it possible for any community to establish such a system on the highest plane of efficiency. Having the store centrally located it becomes desirable to have all the other public services grouped in the same neighborhood. The time wasted under the modern system of spreading cities over enormous tracts of land, largely undeveloped and held for speculative purposes, is wasteful in many ways, but especially in time. The time consumed in transportation nowadays, if it could be converted into a period of recreation or education would transform many persons' lives . incredibly. Not to mention the nerve strain connected with the catching, and missing, of cars,and the noise and jolting of the yehicles themselves. With the banks and post office, the professional offices, clubs, industrial buildings and recreation halls, all centered in one locality, the civic life is bound together wjth closely interlacing ties, and there is the -further co-operative feature that all these activities are owned in common, and administered by collective effort and c<;msent. One fundamental feature of a Socialist community should be that all forms of entertainment and amusement should be free alike to each individual. There is probably no one thing in the competitive world that is so injurious to society as the fact that the poor are cut off from all but the coarser and more degrading forms of amusement. That they are often unable to appreciate "highbrow" recreation is the result of the deprivation of childhood opportunity. European crowds have no difficulty in enjoying classical concerts, museums, picture galleries and choral societies. But their eyes have been trained from childhood to an e.nvironment saturated with the treasures of antiquity, and their ears are accustomed to the best music in the parks and churches. The little child absorbs mental food as easily and naturally as he absorbs physical food, and if in America he grows up brutalized and unreceptive to high class entertainments, it is only because "his betters" do not think it worth while to give him the necessary opportunities for development when he is young. Right social relationships are the highest product of human thought and reason, but they need a carefully reasoned environment in which to be produced. That they have failed so far to express themselves efficiently, is partly the result of casual and unrelated civic development and construction . In Llano we are going at these things in a business like way, and expect to get commensurate results. Education for Freedom (Conlinu~d-f;om P. 18) etc., in connection with their very practical work in the field . The theory of poultry culture is taught by tending poultry, under the direction of an instructor. Biology is part of our school curriculum. In this study the boys and girls learn about the destructive insect pests of the garden, orchard and farm by hunting for them on the trees and plants. Last summer, one small boy could classify a n insect, and it was a source of pleasure to see this near-baby hunting assiduously for cabbage worms and the beautiful white butterflies which lay the eggs. In time, he had collected several specimens and had found the entire life stages of the cabbage white butterfly. from egg to butterfly. He knows at what time to attack this insect to kill it, for he learned by observation that in the worm or larvre stage this insect breathed through pores in its sides and any substance that would close these pores, such as ashes, road dust, etc., would suffocate it. The studies of science are seldom made comprehensible. By combining study with work, we are able to hold the child's attention which is not possible under the book system. As the young mind gradually evolves and grasps the significance of life, a wonderful change takes place. He observes small details that totally escape the notice of many men and women. Imbued with a desire to know why. the child develops a receptive scientific mind. With this desire created, there is no ~ciem:e, trade , or art which he cannot master. �The Western Co'mrade The Spirit of Llano (Continued from Page 20) labor ti~e is reduced. Man can, if he will, preserve his health. Mothers need not labor; they thus can give their strength to the race that is to be. Hence the children •born to a full heritage of strength may enjoy equal opportunities with those of equal capacity. And those men and women who are ignorant of life and its laws need not remain so, as there is time to learn and there are men and women willing to teach mankind the way to the "great physician Nature," whose stimulants are sunbeams, whose tonics are breezes, whose dietetics include all that is wholesome from orchard and garden, from field and stable. Llano is a garden of optimism whose flowers are laughter and whose perfume is joy. Optimism is a creator, pessimism is a destroyer. Pessimism is a weed in the garden of Llano. The co-operators do not allow it to survive. Hence the environment of co-operation makes for growth and health. In itself it is a prevention, and often a cure for disease. Shall We Do Something Different? (Continued from Page 25) tinue to fiddle over non-essentials while capitalism completes the chains of despotism which it is forging or until a labor party takes up the work well begun by the Socialist Party. This is the day of our opportunity. To-morrow may be too late. Those who organized the Labor Party in England were denounced as traitors to Socialism and betrayers of labor, but the Socialist Party there had become so select and "scientific" that their denunciation aided, rather than retarded, the growth of the Labor party. This movement attracted a large number who thought they were non-Socialists, but have been welded into the Socialist movement. This is a plan that might lead people to Socialism. The old plan was to drive them. Socialists in the unions are opposing the organization of a labor party. Are they acting in the best interest of the social revolution? If a labor party be organized on a plan broad enough to represent the interests of the 90 per cent, all hell and all of capitalism cannot" defeat it. The LLANO DEL RIO COLONY is in the market for Firs, Prunes, Peaches, l"laisins, etc. . You can assist in puttinr us in touch with those who bave them. The LLANO [)EL RIO COLONY is at present in need of 10 tons of Alfalfa Seed; A Carload of Wheat; Dairy Cows and Range Stock; Angora and Milk Goats; Tanning Outfit; Contracts to put up Alfalfa on Shares; Many Other Things. Vfe are now in a position to make immediate use of man:r articles and machines which have not been practicable for us heretofore. You are invited to correspond in rerard to the needs listed above. LLANO DEL RIO COLONY, LLANO. CAL. Owned by the Llano del Rio Colony, and driven by residents. 1 I LOS ANGELES STAGES Leave Llano and Los Angeles at 10 a. m. daily. Los Angeles stage takes on passengers at the Llano offices at 924 Higgins Building. PALMDALE STAGE meets the 10.47 train from Los Angeles, reaching Llano at 12 o'clock. Leaves Llano every morning at 7.40. Photo Post Card Views of Llano The WESTERN COMRADE has secured some magnificent views of Llano and her industries which have been made up into postcards. Some of them have appeared in the WESTERN COMRADE. but most of them have just been taken especially for postcards. Included in the list are: View from hotel, looking south.Lime kiln (two) Hotel, looking east Football team Pigs and pens The damsite Chickens and turkeys Dairy barn Mountain stream and canyon North section of Llano Sawmill (different views) Llano boulevard Bird's eye view of Llano Swimming pool Rabbitry (several views) Bakery Irrigation scene Cannery Livestock Mountains Woods Industrial scenes Alfalfa fields Various Llano products. Cows Industrial school MonleS5ori school Many other assorted cards. The rate is 5 cents each or 55 cents a dozen. We pay postage. Every person interested in Llano should have a dozen of these cards. Send your orders direct to THE WESTERN COMRADE, LLANO, CAL. Old Ingrain, Bru..els, Moquette and Velvet rugs and carpets can be re-woven into rugs suitable for any home. Rag Carpets, Rugs, and Art Squares also woven, every size and style. Write for prices. · We pay freight one way ISO miles on orders of $5.00 and up. Ship to the RUG DEPT., LLANO DEL RIO CO., PALMDALE, CAL. ------------ - - -- COMRADES AND FRIENDS OF THE LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY can be of great assistance if they will send to the Membership Department lists of names of persons who are likely to become interested. Literature and letters will be sent to any one upon request. Installment members are urged to give this their a llen lion. MaiD 619 Home A 2003 Tdephone Home A-4S33 A. J_ STEVENS DENTIST HARRIMAN & L;EVIN AttorHJa at Law Hiaina Colony StageS I New Rugs from Old Carpets Installment Members: 921 . . 306 South Broadway, Lo. Aqele.. CaL R- Sl4 BuiLiq ·, 1 �Th e W e s t e r n C omr a de Page thirty S Law Book Free TUDY LAW. and become the man of power in your community. The farmen of North Dakota captured the Stale Government. and found that they needed ·law-trained men in office to fight the big interests which have their lawyers in the Legislature to make their laws, and in the Courts to defend and interpret them. There are opportunities awaiting YOU. Get ready for them- study Law at home in your spare time. We prepare you for the Bar examination. Gua rantee bond for refund of money if dissatisfied. Degree o f LL. B. conferred. Hundreds of successful students enrolled. Fourteen-volume Law Library upon en rollment. Low cost-easy terms. Be independent. Be a Leader. Write today fo r free law book- "Law and the People." THE PEOPLE'S COLLEGE, Dept. D, FORT SCOTT, KANSAS. Do You Weigh Too Much? My successful treatmen t- "OBESITY. ITS CAUSE AND CORRECTION"- will take off excess flesh. One user reduced from ISO to 117 pounds easily and found improved health. No Medicines o r drugs are used. COMPLETE $ 5.00 COURSE NOW ONLY $3.00 Mrs. C. M. Williams, Llano, California. Reduced Freight Rates on Shipments of Household Goods from all Eastern points to California Members of the Llano del Rio Colony will 6nd it especially advantageous to make their shipments through the J UDS0 N Freight Forwarding Co. 443 Marquette 640 Old South Boatmen's Bank 8SS Monadnock bldg, bldg, bldg, bldg. Chicago; 324 Whitehall bldg, New York ; Boston ; 43S Oliver bldg. Pittsburg; IS37 St. Louis ; 518 Cent ral bldg, Los Angeles; San Francisco. WRITE NEAREST OFFICE. To Friends of the Llano Colony Many misleading and untrue statements are being circula ted about this Colony and its affairs. We have just issued a leaflet signed by 130 residents and attested by No tary public. concerning what we have. We call on our friends to send fo r as many leaflets as they c.an d istribute fo r us, o r to send the names of those to whom we may mail them. Write at once. Membership Department, Llano del Rio Colony. Llano, California Comrade Subscription and Book List THE LLANO COLONIST; One Cent a Week. Fifty Cents a Year. THE WESTERN COMRADE; Fifty Cents a Year. Six Months 2Sc. After May 1 ; 75c a yeor, 40c six months, tOe a copy. BOTH: Present rate, 75c a year; After May 1, $1.00 a year. CANADIAN RATES : LLANO COLONIST : 2c a week; $ 1.00 a yea r. WESTERN COMRADE : 75c a year; Aft er May I. $1.00 a year. BOTH : $1.50 a yea r ; Alt,er May I. $2.00 a year. 50 cent list: COMBINATION OFFERS Choice of the LLANO COLONIST or the WESTERN COMRADE with National Rip-Saw o r American Socialist ............... 7S Appeal to Reason or lntcrnatioml Socialist Review........$1.2S Pearson's Magazine or The Masses ................................ J.7S .. ...... .4.2S Milwaukee Leader (daily) . ( Canadian subscribers add 2Sc fo r each monhly and SOc lo r tach weekly in these combinations) BUY YOUR BOOKS FROM THE WESTERN COMRADE $1.50 list: Anarchism and Socialism, Geo. Plechano ff; Art of Lecturing, Arthu r M. Lewis; Class Struggles in America, A. M. Simons ; Doin~ us Good-and Plenty, Charles Edwa rd Russell; Ethics and the Materialist Conception of History, Karl Kautsky : The Evolution of Man, Wm. Boelsche ; Tbe Law of B:ogenesis, J. Howard Moore ; The Positive School of Criminology, Ernest Ferri ; Socialism for Students, Joscph E. Cohen ; The Struggle between Science and Superstition, Arthur M. Lewis; Value, Price and Profit, Karl Marx; What's So and What Isn't, J ohn M. Work. A~cienl Society, Lewis H. Morgan ; Barbarous Mexico, J ohn Kenneth Turne r ; His I~ of the Great American Fortunes, Gustavus Myers ; The Visioning, Susan Glaspell. $1.00 list: Principles of Scientific Socialism, Chas. H. Vail; The Commonsense of Socialism, J ohn Spargo. Economic Determinism, or the Economic Interpretation of HistorY, Lida Parce; God and my Neighbor, Robert Blatchford ; Industrial Problems, N. A. Richardson; Prince Hacen, Upton Sinclair ; Savage Survivals in Higher Peoples, J . Howard Moore ; Stories of the Great Railroads, Chas. Edw. Russell ; Tboucbts of a Fool, Evelyn Gladys; Lon's Coming of Age, Edward Carpenter; The Abysmal Brule, J ack London. $2.00 list: The Ancient Lowly, C. Osborne Ward; Capital, A Critique of Political Economy, Ka rl Marx (3 volumes, $6. Sepa rately at $2 each) 25 cent list: 10 cent list: The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels; Revolution, Jack Londo n ; The Righi to be Lazy, Paul Lafargue ; The Socialists, Who They are and What they Stand for, J ohn Spargo; The Strenrth of the Strong, J ack London. THE WESTERN COMRADE, Llano, California �Pag~ thirty-one The Western Comrade Get Your Local or Your Union to Order job Harriman's address to the jury at the close of the Schmidt trial. If you had read the evidence or had listened to the I rial you would not. ask Was Schmidt Guilty? because the evidence so overwhelmingly proves that he is not. It is the story of the real conspiracy that sent Schmidt to jail for life. (Testimony from witnesses Clark , Dugan, and McManigal was admitted.) "Dugan! Who is Dugan? He is a self-confessed felon. He was expelled from the . Iron Worke;s Union. He is the Dugan who shot and killed his wife and daughter in Indianapolis." "McManigal is a self-confessed murderer. The prison doo rs were opened, this criminal McManigal shook of! his chains, walked out , was given $1000 by the County of Los Angeles, and told to g9 his way in peace." Every Union Man should lea rn how he may fare in the so-called impartial courts. Any of them may gel wha t Schmidt got. Every Socialist who wants first hand evidence of capitalist controlled cou rt proceedings should have this for propaganda. Every Fair-Minded Person honestly seeking informa tion and lov ing justice should read this tale of a dishonest conviction. When Capitalism Desires a Conviction It Gets It. Read how it can be secured. The newspapers never told these things. Why? Did yo u know the real facts about this case? You'll wonder if the McNama ras we re really guilty and you 'II wonder why they confessed. SEND IN YOUR ORDERS AT ONCE Single Copies 25c. Quantity Rates to Locals and Unions. TheWestern Comrade, Llano, Cal. Send a Cent a Week This is the Subscription Oller the LLANO COLONIST makes for a short time If you ·are interested in the LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY take the subscription of the man who asks you about it or who seems inte rested. Figure subscriptions at ONE CENT A WEEK. Thus, IOc pays for 10 weeks, 17c pays for 17 weeks, 25c for 25 weeks, 33c for 33 weeks. The LLANO COLONIST gives the news of co-operatives everywhere, and is devoted particularly to the LLANO DEL RIO COLONY, the greatest and most complete co-operative enterprise in the United States. THE LLANO COLONIST (Weekly); Fifty Cents a Year (Canada $1.00) With the COMRADE, 75c a: year. After May I, $1.00 HELP BOOST THE CIRCULATION TO 25,000 BY JULY I, 1917. The Llano Publications, Llano, California. The Western Comrade will be.75c After May lsl. Increasing costs of production make necessary a raise in rates. Beginning with May 1st, 1917, the Colony's third birthday, the subscription price of the WESTERN COMRADE will be 7Sc a year. Single copies, JOe. · · The rate for the LLANO COLONIST will remain at SOc a year. Combina tion of both to one name and address, $!.00 a year. Subscription cards sold prior to May I will be redeemed at the present rate if used before July I. Canadian rates will be $1.00 a year fo r either the COMRADE or the COLONIST. Combination rates for the Llano Publications will not be made outside the U. S. Costs continue to go up. The WESTERN COMRADE is too good a magazine to be sold a SOc a year. The increased rate will permit making improvements. Friends of the Colony, all who are interes ted in co-ope ra tioa, and those who can discriminate between the constructive method of teaching Socialism and the pessimistic method, are urged to do all within their power to ex tend the ci rculation. The LLANO PUBLICATIONS have a definite place in Socialist propaganda wo rk . They tell the tale of Co-operation in Ac tion, the most absorbingly interesting story ever told. The man you have failed to interest in Socialism, the man who sco ffs, the man who "doesn't believe it will work"these fellows will gladly read of the greatest co-operative demonstration in history. Subscribe or extend your subscription at once . . \..1r~c your fri ends to do so. Con test wo rkers should buy ca rds a t once to be used during the contest. CLASSIFIED ADS Rates : 25c a line for one insertion; 15c a line thereafter. to the line. Advertising payable in advance. WANTED-CAMERAS. Twelve words THE WESTERN COMRADE WOULD LIKE to ge t a few good cam ~ ra s of standard sizes for renting purposes. WANTED- GAS ENGINES, 6 TO 12 H. P. STATE MODEL, DESIGN, name, age, condition, and give full description. WESTERN COMRADI:.. WANTED- SECOND-HAND MULTIGRAPH. GIVE YEAR AND MODEL. i\1us t be in first class condition; wi ll accept as payment on membership fee. Membership Dept ., Llano, Cal. WANTED- OFFICE EQUIPMENT OF ALL KINDS ; DESKS, TYPEwriters, filin g cabinets, and general equipment. Communicate with the Western Comrade Office, Llano, Californi a. WANTED- TYPEWRITERS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. Write in care of the Western Comrade. SHEEP WANTED--THE COLONY DESIRES TO OBTAIN SHEEP. ADdress communica tions to Frank L. Wright, Llano del Rio Colony, Llano. Cal. WANTED- - MOVING PICTURE PROJECTING MACHINE. COMMUNIca te with the Membership Department, Ll~no del Rio Colony, Llano, Cal. WANTED- BUTCHER WITH ICE MACHINE FOR THE MEAT DEpa rtment. Communicate wi th the Llano del Rio Colony, Llano, Cal. WANTED.:_TWENTY FIVE LEGHORN ROOSTERS. MUST BE PURE blood and first class stock. Will exchange pure bred white leghorn roosters. Write to Geo. T. Pickett, Llano del Rio Colony, Llano, Cal. WANTED- OLD INGRAIN AND BRUSSELS CARPETS. ALSO WHITE and colored rags for rug material. Ru g department, Llano del Rio Colony. WANTED-TOOLS AND OTHER EQUIPMENT FOR THE INDUSTRIAL training depa rtmen t at the Junior Colony. Hammers, saws and carpenter tools of all kinds, as well as tools and equipment for other trades. Address George T . Pickett, Llano, California. WANTED- EXPERT SEED AND BULB GROWER. SHOULD BE 'FAmiliar _:,ith California desert soil and climate. Llano del Rio Colony. WANTED-ATHLETIC EQUIPMENT FOR THE GYMNASIUM TO BE installed at the Junior Colony. Communicate with Geo. T. Pickett, Llano. FOR SALE.- BREEDING RABBITS. BELGIANS. NEW ZEALANDS, AND Flemish Giants. We can supply all ages up to eight monrhs. For further information address Rabbit Department, LlanQ.. del Rio ·-Colony, Llano •. Cal. �Has Your .. Town Ever Done Anything for You? Did it ever provide you with employment? Did it ever concern itself- with your welfare? Did it ever look after your health? .Did it ever make ~ny provision for your family in case of your death or disablement? Did it ever offer you anything for old age? Did it ever give you the things you need at cost? Did it ever guarantee you good wages? Qid it ever permit you any choice of employment? Did it ever give you freedom of speech and..action? Has it ever earned your gratitude or loyalty in any way? Are the ideals of those who control your city the same as yours? Llano is owned by Socialists. them. It is governed by Llano owns two stage lines and runs three stages. Llano owns every public utility in common. Llano owns cattle, horses, hogs, chickens, turkeys, rabbits, bees, goats. Llano has a municipal bakery and commissary; it owns its baths and barber shop, its hotels and machine shop. Llano is a delightful place to live. Most of its citizens could not be prevailed upon to leave under any voluntary consideration. Llano owns a cannery, raises its own garden truck, and provides pure food for its citizens. Llano has a delightful climate. Llano owns its dairy. and stock ranges. It has orchards and fields Llano people are happy, free, progressive, and thoughtful. Llano has scores of advantages not to be found elsewhere. Llano plans to build a beautiful city. Llano owns a lime kiln, a sawmill and stone that may be quarried. Llano educates its children in its own schools. Llano has room for you. live at Llano? Wouldn't you like to Llano owns its woodyard, its farm implements, its industries of all kinds. You can buy a membership on the installment plan. It offers you a home you can be proud of in an environment congenial to any Socialist of constructive mind. Every Socialist should invest> gate the advantages that Llano has to offer. It is "Co-operation in Action," a realization of the things you have dreamed of and worked for. Llano has its own transportation serv1ce and its own warehouse. Llano will win your enthusiasm if you believe in LIVING the thingf you believe in. Llano gives free medical service to its citizens. Llano has free dances and entertainments and provides plenty of music. Llano takes care of its sick residents. We Want the Names of Your Friends So We Can Send Them Our New Leaflet "Llano del Rio Colony A Succeu"-Send For As Many As You Can Diskibute. SEND FOR THE "GATEWAY TO FREEDOM" Uano del Rio Co-operative Colony LLANO, CALIFORNIA � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-02 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Description An account of the resource Social and Propaganda Number Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-02 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v04n10_191702 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-31 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v04n10 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Picketing the Ranches Remaking the California Party Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/cce23aa7ede288c4e3a50bb3b6ea54f4.pdf 1d5b7ffeec25d98a38794362ec70558e PDF Text Text t l./ :& ~\'J1 1 I I I . January 1917 Something New in the Progress of the Socialist Movement Read the Impressive Proposition · Offered in the Editorial by - Job Harriman Scenery About Llano By R. K. Wi IIi a ma Declaration of Industrial Independence By C I i n t o n B a n c r o f t Agricultural and Horticultural Number :-- I ' �The To Freedom Gateway J . Through Co-operative Action T HE LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY is situated in the beautiful Antelope valley in Los Angeles County, California. The Colony lies close to the Sierra Madre range where an abundance of clear; sparkling water from mountain springs is sufficient to irriga te tho usands of fertile acres. The . climate is mild and delightful, the soil is fertile, and markets are not far distant. The Llano del Rio Colony is a horticultural, agricultural, a nd stock-raising enterprise, with such manufacturing as will supply the needs of the colonists, with pe rhaps something to sell -when the Colony has grown. LLANO OFFERS YOU .ESCAPE FROM T HE electric ligh t bill, the water bill, the doctor's bill, the drug Lill, the telephone bill, the gas bill, the coal bill, the dentist's \,ill, t~ c school book supplies bill, the sewer assessment bill, and car fore, the annoya nce of the back door peddler and beggar (Henry Dubbs who think the trouble is individual hard luck), the hundred and one greater a nd smaller burdens on the householder, and the lean weeks caused by disemploymenl a nd the consequent fear o f the future. There is no landlord and no rent :, cha rged. While they are charged with living expenses, for food and clothing, the colonists never fear meeting the grocery bill, the milk, the clothing b ill, the laundry Lill, the bu tche r's bill. and other inevitaLie a nd multitudinous bills that burden the struggling workers in the outside world. For the tax bill he has no lear. The colony officials attend to the details of a ll overhead. To colonists the amusemen ts, spor ts, pas times. dances, e nter tainments and all educa tio nal faci lities are free. T COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT liE LLt\NO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a remarkable form of management tha t is the result of evolution. The management of the affairs of the colony industries arc in the hands of the various departme nt managers. There are abou t twenty-five of these departments and in each depar tment there are divisions. Ove r some of these divisions a rc foremen. All these are selected for their experience and fitness for the position. At the managers' meetings as many persons as can crowd in the room are always present. the restricting of anyone from voting more than 2000 shares of stock, regardless of how many shares are held. As this is to be the ultimate holding of every member, this is considered a strong protective clause. The incorporation charter is also the usual type and gives the corporation the right to transact almost all manner of business. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, sale, and well con•lrued. There is no disposition on the part of state officials to interfere. I These meetings arc held every night and they arc unique SOUND FINANCING NECESSARY in that no motions are ever made, no resolutions adopted and no minutes a re kept. The last .action on any matter supercedes all former action and this stands until the plans are changed. The plan is working most admirably and smoothly. At these nightly meetings the work for the next day is planned, learns a re allotted. workers a re shifted to the point where the needs are grea test, and machinery is put on designated work, transportation is ar- ranged, wants arc made known and ~lied as nearly as possible. The board of directors, members of which are elected by the stockholders, meets once a week and has charge of the financial and business manaBemen t of the en terprise. These directors are on the same basis as all their comrades in the colony. At the general assembly all persons over eighteen years of age, residin g in the colony, have a voice an J vole. . M CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS ANY persons who want to know how the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community are conducted think, in o rder to get this information, they must secure a copy of a constitution a nd by-laws. There is no constitution. The Llano Community contents itself wi th a "declaration of principles" which is printed below. The management of the Colony rests with the board of managers, a member of which is the superintendent and his two assistants. These managers are selected for their fitness and ability. The business and fmancial a ffairs of the enterprise are conduc ted by the board of directors who are elected by the stockholders. The corporation by-laws are the stereotyped corporation by-laws of almost every state. The only innovation is in DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES N conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inRexible rules and regulations the greater the harmony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a set of laws the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration follows: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over those of any individual. Liberty of action is only permissible when it does not restrict the liberty of another. Law is a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community at large. Values created by the Community shall be vested in the Community alone. _ The individual is not justly entitled to more land than is sufficient to satisfy a reasonable desire for peace and rest. Productive land held lor profit shall not be held by private owner.hip. Talent and intel~ gcnre are gifts which should rightly be used in the service of others. The development of these by education is the gift of the Community to the individual, and the exercise of greater ability entitles none to the false rewards of greater possessions, but only to the joy of greater service to others. Only by identifying his interests and pleasures with those of others can man find real happinc... The duty of the individual to the Community is to develop ability to the greatest degree possible by availing himself of all educational facilities and to devote the whole extent of that ability to the service of all. The duty of the Community to the individual is to administer justice, to elimina te greed and selfishness, to educate all and to aid any in time of age or misfortune. P ERSONS cannot be admitted to residence a t the colony upon the payment of $10.00 or any other sum less than the initial payment Icc. Hundreds write and suggest they be allowed to pay a small amoun t, or in some cases, nothing at all, then enter the colony and work out the remainder of their shares. If the colony permitted this there would soon be a hundred thousand applica tio ns. The money deri\'ed from these initial payments is used to pay for land, improvements, machinery, and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. It takes considerable time to bring a large agricultural undertaking to a productive p(>int. The colony must proceed along sound financial lines in order to continue ita present success. This fact must be obvious to all. The manage· men! of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unmindful of the fact tha t there is a numberless army that cannot talo:e advantage of this plan of co-operation. Many letters come in that breathe bitte r and deep disappointment. No one could regret this more than we do. It is our hope that the day will come \\·he n successful co-operative groups can say to their stripped. rob· bed and exploited brothen: "You who come with willing handa and understanding of comradeship and co-operation are welcome." The ins!allment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month is proving satisfactory. On this plan the absent comrade is providing for the future while his brothers and siaters on the land are bearing the brunt of the pioneering. Familiea entering the colony begin to draw from the commissary. Some of the food, all the clothing, much of the material they draw, cos:s money. �The initial membership fee goes to offset the supjlOrt of families until tl!e colony shall be on a paying basis. Write today for an application blank, fill it out and send together with a remittance of $10 or more to secure our membership. You can then arrange to pay $10 a month or more "until you can so adjust your affairs that you can make final payment and join your comrades who have already borne the first brunt of pioneering. W IMPORTANT QUf.STIONS ANSWERED HEN a member of the colony dies his shares and credits like any other property, go to his heirs. Only Caucasians are admitted. We have had applications from Negroes, Hindus, Mongolians and Malays. The rejection of these applications is not due to race prejudice but because it is not deemed expedient lo mix races in these communities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. All household goods and other shipments should be consigned to the name of the owner, Palmdale, California, care Llano Colony. Goods will be stored in the colony's warehouse until ordered moved to Llano. All shipments should be prepaid, otherwise they cannot be moved and storage or demurrage may be charged, Freight transportation between the colony and the statio n is l I .I by means of au to trucks. Passenge rs are carried in the colony's auto stages. In shipping household goods, it will be well to ship only lighter goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and heavy articles should not be shipped from points where freight rates are high. Individuals may own their own automobiles and many colonists do own them. All livestock, poultry, etc., are kept in the departments devoted to those industries. The aim is to keep the residence portion of the colony clean and sanitary. LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS Among the industries of Llano, to which new ones are constantly being added, are: printshop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, cleaning ond dyeing, warehouse, machine shop, blacksmith shop, rug works, planing mill, paint shop, .lime kiln, saw mill, dairy, cabinet shop, nursery, alfalfa. orchards, poultry yards, rabbitry, gardens, hog raising, brick yard, lumbering, magazine, newspaper, doc· tors' office,, woodyard, vinegar works, bakery, fish hatchery, barber shop, dairy goals, baths, swimming pool, studios, two ho tels, d rafting ro<>m, post office, commissary, camping ground, Industrial school. grammar school, Montessori school, commercial school, library, women's exchange, two weekly dances, brass band, mandolin club, two orchestras, quartets, socialist local, jeweler. PLAN OF ORGANIZATION Following is the plan which has proven successful : each shareholder agrees to buy 2,000 shares of capital stock. Each pays in cash or installments, $1,000. Each pays in labor, $1,000. Each receives a daily wage of $4, from which is deducted one dolla r for the stock he is working out. From the remainder comes his living expenses. Whatever margin he may have above deduction for stock and living expenses is credited to his individual account, payable out of the surplus profits of the enterprise. If an installment member falls ill, is disabled o r disemployed, the Colony gives him every opportunity to recover and resume payments. In no case will he be crowded. If he finds it impossible to resume payments, we will, upon request, issue stock for the full amount he has paid. This i> transferable and may be sold to his best advantage. In this we will endeavor to assist wherever practicable. Corporations are nc I allowed by law to deal in their own stock. GENERAL INFORMATION The Llano del Rio Colony is the greatest Community enterprise ever a ttempted. It was founded by Job Harriman, May lst. 1914, and is solving the problem of disemployment and business failure. It offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their families. It is a perfect example of Co-operation in Action. No community organized as it is, was ever established before. . The purpose is to solve the problem of unemployment by provoding steady employment for the workers; to •assure safety and com- fort for he future and for old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best schools; and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. It has more than 800 residents, makin:; it the lal'l!est town in the Antelope Valley. More than 200 children attend the schools. Part of the children boarding at the school; some live at the Industrial school all the time. The Montessori school is in operation, taking the chtldren from 2Y2 to 6 years of age. A new school building is soon to be built on the new townsite. The County school and the Colony Industrial schools are both in operation. High school work is planned. In the Industrial school botany, domestic science, languages, agricuture, biology, practical farming and the regular grammar school subjects are taught by competent teachers. Manual training will be installed soon ; the building is now under construction. The children care for a Hock of milk goats, chickens, turkeys, and many acres of garden. They are ver)l successful. They build their own buildings; the girls learn sewing and cooking; the children pr0 duce much of what they consume; porti<>n of their clothing is made by the sewing classes; they have their own horses, wagons and farm implements ; they own pigs and a number of pets. Besides learning co-operation and developing a sense of responsibility, they enjoy acquiring an education under these conditions. They plan to go extensively into .the raising of chickens and turkeys during the comiRg year. . The Colony owns a fine herd of 125 Jersey and Holstein cattle, more than II 0 of which will soon be in the milk string. More than I 00 head of young stock are on the ranne. being heifers and calves up o 2 years of age. Nearly 120 head of horses· and mules, including colts, are owned by the Colony. These, with the tractor and caterpillar engine, four trucks, and numerous autos, do the · hauling and the work on the land. Thoroughbred Duroc J ersey and Berkshire pigs, as well as many grades. are in the extensive new pens just built. Pure strains will be developed and registrations kept up. In the nursery are thousands of grape cuttings and shade and fruit trees. More th•.n 26.000 trees were put out last spring. Many will be planted this year. About 400 acres of orchard are now m. Community gardening is successful. and an increased acreage will be put in each year. The ideal is to farm on an extensive scale, using all manner of efficient labor saving machinery and methods, with expert and experienced men in charge of the different departments. Llano possesses more than 668 stands of bees. They are cared for by expert bee men of long experience. This department expects to have several thousand stands in a few years. The Colony has secured timber from the San Gabriel Reserve, and the sawmill is in operation. Lumber worth $35 to $40 a tho:Jsand costs the Colony only a few dollars a thousand. Social life is delightful. baseball and football teams, dances, picnics, swimming, hunting, camping, all being popular. A band, several orchestras, a dramatic club, and other organizations assist in D.aking the social occasions enjoyable. . A great deal of alfalfa has already been planted thos fall. Several hundred acres are expected to be added to the acreage. Ditches lined with cobblestone set in Llano lime cement, making the ditches permanent, conserve water and insure economy. Seven cuttings of alfalfa were made this past season. A square mile has been set aside for the new city. Wit~ the sawmill running, the lime kiln producing a very superior lime, and with sand and rock abundant and adobe brick easily manufactured, the time is near when permanent buildings will be erected on the new site. It will be a city different in design from any other in the world, with houses of a distinctively different architecture. Houses will be comfortable, sanitary, handsome, home-like, modern, and harmon:ous with their surroundings, and will insure greater privacy than any o ther houses ever constructed. They are unique and designed especially for Llano. The Weekly newspaper, THE LLANO COLONIST, gives the news of the world, of the Socialist and Labor movement in condensed form. It carries the Colony news, etc., The subscription rate i• SOc a year (Canadian subscriptions, $1 a year). Both the WESTERN COMRADE and the LLANO COLONIST to one name and addre•s for · 75c (Canada, $1.50). ADDRESS ALL · COMMUNICATIONS A ND ~lAKE ALL PAYMENTS TO THE Llano del Rio Company, Llano, California :· . �Was Schmidt Guilty? Why was he sent to jail? Did you ever read the testimony on which he was convicted? It was not conclusive to most people. Witnesses gave conflicting testimony. Their identification of Schmidt as the man they saw was far from saticfactory. Many were vindictive. Job Harriman Says "NO" in his summary of the evidence-says that Schmidt was NOT guilty. He shows the character of the witnesses. Some were felons. He tears the fabric of '!lisstatements apart. Read his wonderful address to the jury. Every Socialist and every labor man should have this book. The newspapers never told the whole truth; read it for the first time. "Dugan! Who is Dugan? He IS a self -confessed felon. He was expelled from the Iron Workeos Union. He is the Dugan who shot and . ki lled his wife and daughter m Indianapolis." "McManigal IS a self-conf~ssed murderer. The prison doo rs were opened. this criminal McManigal shook off his chains. w ..IkeJ o ut. was given $1000 by the County of Los Angeles. a nd told to gG his way in peace."' (Testimony from witnesses Clark, Dugan and McManigal was admitted.) Every Union Man should learn how he may fare in the so-called impartial courts. Any of them may get what Schmidt got. Every Socialist who wants first hand evidence of capitalist-controlled court proceedings should have this book for propaganda. Every Fair-Minded Person honestly seeking information and loving justice should read this tale of a dishonest conviction. When Capitalism Desires a Conviction It Gets it. Read how it can be secured. The newspapers never told these things. Why? Did you know the real facts about this case? You'll wonder if the McNamaras were really guilty and you'll wonder why they confessed. SEND IN YOUR ORDERS AT ONCE Single Copies 25c. Quantity rates to Locals and Unions. \VES TERN COMRADE, Llano, California Western Comrade 75c After May 1 Inc reasing costs o f production make necessary a raise in rates. Begi nning w ith May l si. 1917, the Colony's thi rd birthday, the yearly subsc ription to the WESTERN COMRADE will be i5c. The rate for the LLANO COLONIST will remain a t SOc a year. Combina tion of both to one name and address. $1.00 a year. Subscription cards sold prior to May I will be redeemed a t the present rate if used before july I. Canadian rates will be $1.00 a year for either the COMF{ADE or the COLONIST. Combinatio n rates for the Llano Publications will no t be made outside the U. S. Costs cont inue to go up. The WESTERN COMRADE is too good a magazin~ to be sold a SOc a year. The increased rate will permit making improvements. Friends .of the Colony, all who are inte rested in co-operation. anJ those who can discrimina te between the cons truc ti ve method of leaching Socialism and the pessimis tic method, are urged to do all w ithin their power to extend the circula tion. The LLANO PUBLICATIONS have a defmitc place in Socialist propaganda work. They tell the tale of Co-opera tion in Action, the most absorbingly interesting story ever told. The man you have failed to interes t in Socialism, the man who scoffs, the man who "doesn't believe it will work"these fellows will gladly read of the greatest co-operative demonstration in history. . .Subscribe or extend your subscription at once. Urge your fnends to do so. Contest workers should buy cards at once to be used during the contest. Tell the Comrade Office if you don't get your paper. Make all remittances, complaints, and subscripions direct to the WESTERN COMRADE. This office cannot be responsible in other cases. Don't ask the Membership department, the information bureau, the postmaster, the stage driver, the hotel people, or any one else, to do this for you. They have their own work. Come or write to the WESTERN COMRADE. Non-Resident Readers.- When you have any requests, any information, wan t samples, certain numbers, bundles, or wish to change your address, make complaints, or send subscriptions, write a separate letter and direct it to the WESTERN COMRADE, not to any individual, or any other department. When sent to other departments or individuals, or in letters with other business, they are likely to be delayed. You will confer a genuine favor on the Llano publications by observing this rule, and also secure greater satisfaction. THE LLANO PUBLICATIONS, LLANO, CAL, �~-----------------"------"~l • . Table of Contents January 1917 Page Cover Page Page Training for Service........................................ :... 20 Llano producls, bolh of lhem, and highesl in qualily The Gateway to Freedom ...................................: 2 Synopsis of rhe bookie! of lhe same name. A" Letter from Florence Margolies.. ...................... 6 Miss Margolies. who is well known in lhe radical movemenl in lhe Easl, especially in New Yo rk Cily. came, saw, and was conquered . She was fair eno ugh lo admil il and we gladly reproduce her leller. Frank E. Wolfe, from his wide experience as a journalisl and observer, w riles on rhis limely subjecl. The Senses of Plants.. ........................................ 21 By We.ley Zornes Natural Fruit SoiL ............................................. 2 f By Oliver Zornes Combat Pea r Blight.. ....... :.................................. 21 By Oli~er Zornes Editorials---········--·········---------------------------------------- 7 What Thinkers Think.. ........................................ 22 In which J ob Harriman discusses queslions of rhe day as well as olher subjecls of inleresl. A summary of leading arlicles in leadinl( magazines. Environment a nd Invention ................................ 10 Women in Agriculture ........................................ 23 L. Waller Millsap, J r. discusses in an able manner rhe By Mildred G. Buxlon. lnserl poem "The Song of a Woman Free," by Rulh . connec lion, and shows why Llano should produce men of rare abiliry along lhis line. The Lieutena nt Governor and the Pigtails.. ........ 24 Fruits of the SoiL ............................................. 11 This number is devoled mosl paricularly lo agricullure and ho rlicuhure, and rhe w riler of lhis arlicle wenl direclly lo rhe men in lhe depa rlmenls fo r information; they substantiate every statement. Scenery about Llano .......................................... 15 Rober! K. Williams lakes rhe environmenl aboul Llano rhis lime and shows lhe selling, wirh some side lighls on olher lhings. Declaration of Industrial Independence .............. 16 By Clinlon Bancrofl. lnserl poem "A Friend's Greeling." Letters from Constructive Soc.ia1ists.. ................ 18 Our Industrial SchooL .................. .................. 19 Miss Mildred Travis, a leacher in I he Public School, wriles on lhe advanlages of Llano's lnduslrial School. Anolher charming slory by Helen Frances Easley. ·The Socialist City................................................ 26 A. Conslance Auslin lells mo re aboul whal a cily should be. Our Homes.......................................................... 27 By Dr. j ohn Dequer. Was Schmidt Guilty ?.. ........................................ 28 ( From lhe book by lhe same name) An excerpl lhe address lo lhe jury made by Comrade job riman al rhe conclusion of rhis speclacular Read ir. Then make up you r mind whelher you Schmic!.l should be in jail loday. from Harlrial. lhink What The Mail Brings.. ...................................... 29 Excerpls from inleresling lelle rs and news of lhc Grand Membership Circulalion Conlesl in which 120 persons a re participating. Our Next Issue The February Number of the WESTERN COMRADE will tell of the Social good times and the social institutions, and will carry some propa ganda material that will open the eyes of all readers and stimulate their thinking powers. - Social and Propaganda Number Llano has some unique· social institutions, the Children's Dance, Free Medical Service, and others. Read about them in the next issue. �.. Letter from Florence Margolies It is diff~cult for me to recall when I was so ha~d put· for finding adequate expression, as I am now, to convey, even in a small measure, the profound and thrilling impression the Llano Co-operative Colony has made on me. Yes, really and truly thrilling. It was a revelation to me. The impelling motive of my visit to Llano was, frankly, a yielding to keen curiosity; curiosity not unmixed with scepticism and a sort of mental flippancy. I was prepared and armed to the teeth, figuratively speaking, with adverse criticism, a quantity of bitterness and a frame of mind beautifully calculated to repel Llano. Thus equipped, I was on my way. Then I came upon Llano as the last of the lingering sun kissed and glorious mountains that gird the expanse of luring desert, through which I heard the resounding laughter of children. The people of Llano I found superb--one and all of their faces bear the imprint of their hearts, love for humanity. Their clean, wholesome, disinterested lives at Llano must perforce prove a guide for those who are privileged to behold this unique, elevating and truly awe-inspiring New World--Llano. And throughout this splendid, immense, big little world can unmistakably be felt the lute-like vibration of that big hearted, whole-souled man in whose beautiful mind that great vision was born--the vision now embodied in the supreme achievement--Llano. New York. Florence Margolies. �Political Ac ti .o n Co-operation D i rect Action ·The Western Comrade to Devoted tJ.e · cause of tile Workers Entered as second-class matter November 4th, 1916, at the post office at .Uano, California, under .Act of March 3, 1879. ~7 PUBLISHED EACH MONTH AT LLANO. CALIFORNIA. SUBSCRIPTION RATE. FIFTY CENTS A YEAR; CAl ADIAN RATE. SEVENTY-FIVE CENTS STAFF JOB HARRIMAN FRANK E. WOLFE . ERNEST S. WOOSTER Contributing Editors ROBERT K. WILLIAMS A. CONSTANCE AUSTIN MILDRED G. BUXTON DR. JOHN DEQUER CLINTON BANCROFT WESLEY ZORNES In making change of address always give your former one so that the mailing department may be certain that the right name is being changed. VOL. IV Managing Editor. . Editor. Business Manager. LLANO, CALIFORNIA, JANUARY. 1917 Editorials T HE fo llowing should be added as an amendment to the constitution of the national Socialist Party: "Any labor union, farme rs' organization, or co-operati ·;c enterprise, or any number of members thereof, shall be permitted to become a Socialist Party Local, without regard to political subdivisions." If the Socialist Party will incorporate this measure in its constitution, it will glide smoothly over what will otherwise become an early grave. The Socialist Party lacks vitality. It has no source from which to draw power. It gathers men from the four corners, but it has no connection with economic or industrial organizations. It is the food supply from which power springs, and the Socialist party is a stranger to that source. Many Socialists seem to think that political power lies in the heads of men. Political power is an offspring of economic power and must rest upon a solid economic base before it can become of any material force. If the Socialist locals were rooted in the unions and the co-operative enterprises and the farmers' organizations, they would dniw force and vitality from those institutions. It is true that the affairs of the party would pass into other hands, but those hands would be guided by experience in the affairs of the world, and not entirely by theories gleaned from books. The party would soon resoh·e itself into a practical political machine, the purpose of which would be to look after and protect the working class institutions from the attack of their enemies. Unless this step is taken, and that at once, the Socialists of judgment will ~ove out of the party and into other radical organizations, as was done in Dakota. This is a day of action, and action must be our watchword. If we are delinquent in this, rest assured that the world will not be delinquent. It will leave us, as it should, to split hai1s and theorize over philosophic platitudes and to chant our revolutionary songs. We must wake up and connect with the living acting forces of the world. We have fed the mind with theories; we must now feed the stomach with bread.· Fail In this. and our party will turn to ashes in our hands. No.9 By Job Harriman T HE Llano del Rio Cqmpany is not controlled by any. mall or group of men. The stock is owned in substantially equal proportions by all the stock holders. The stock is sold by the office force and the expenses are paid out of the company funds. Each and every one of the office force receives the same remuneration as the other colonists for services. No one is making money out of the sale of stock. This statement is made in answer to enquiries from parties who have confounded us with other enterprises. --o-- A FTER years of work direct legislation was incorporated in the laws of the State of California. It now remains to be ascertained what the people want. It goes without saying that there are many who know.-wk.!'t their neighbors should have, but whether or not the neighbors want it, is quite another question. We have hitherto proceeded upon the theory that whatsoever makes life's pathway smoother and our burdens lighter will be sufficiently alluring to enlist our support, but how are the public to distinguish between the measures that will lighten and those that will add to the public burden? The many promises that have accompanied the so-called public measures have so signally failed that the people have grown pessimistic in regard to almost every political reform. There is an excellent reason for such failures. Behind every important measure there has lurked some possible materiill advantage to the promoters of the legislation. It is not surprising that this should be true. At the foundation of our in· dustrial and commercial system lies a possibility of realizin~ from every transaction not only a sufficient sum to cover all expenses, including interest on the investment and a salary for the owners, but also a clear net profit in addition. It is this clear, net unearned gain that corrupts mankind and causes an unconscionable strife which end~ in the violation of the letter and spirit of the law, and the accumulation of great fortunes that ever remain at the command o.f those who acquire them. We can never hope to remedy this fundamental defect �EDITORIALS in our industrial, commercial, and political life, while this po&sibility huts, and while this all but irresistible t&lptation is .offered to every man especially those inspired by ambition and greed. It wa.s for the r-urpo•e of eliminating the possibility of great profits to individuals that the Llano enterprise was launched. To gain this end we have seen fit, as a community, to own and operate all our industries in common, permitting all increase to accrue to the entire community. Within Llano there e::ists an industrial system upon which there is arising a harmony of interest that is conducive to the most congenial mental and spiritual companionship. It is upon such a basis that our state must be founded if our civilization is to escape the entanglements of w~r. and to move substantially and majestically onward. It is with this end in view that we propose the following measures as a kind of highway leading toward that happy consu mmation. I. State ownership and management of the water power and telephone systems of this state. 2. A complete system of macadamized roads, connecting all agricultural, commercial and industrial centers with the state highways. 3. Packing houses, cold storage plants, flour mills, and granaries to be built, owned and operated at cost by the state at all practicable points. 4. State-wide freight and passenger automobile service to be owned and operated by the state at cost. 5. Freight and passenger steamship line plying between both home and foreign ports, to be owned and operated by the state at cost. 6. State to market all products at cost to the producers. Bills are now being drafted for each of these measures and will be initiated and submitted to the people of the State of California for their approval. When these measures are put into operation, the enormous net profits now accruing to the few and corrupting our institutions will accumulate to the credit of the people in the various industries and will become a purifying and wholesome force. The fruits of industry are always purifying when the producer receives them as a reward for his effort, but they are corrupting in their inAuen~e when received as a reward for business cunning, intrigue and strategy. Getting something for nothing is the curse of the age. It palsies the conscience, steels the heart, and leads the mind to vicious transactions. At Llano we have laid a foundation that is rapidly undermining this t~dency. We are now introducing a program that will go fa1., to,~rd accomplishing the same results in the stat<>. We know th'at thi program is not complete., but we are practical and know that we can move in state affairs only as fast as re-organization can proceed. We have arrived at the time when these steps must be taken. Commercial necessity demand it. There is no escape from this condusion. The belligerent nations of Europe have been compelled by military The Western Comr.,dt: necessity to take this step. Let us take the step before the blood of our first born be called to the trenches to demand it. With lhe industries in the hands of the state, we may preserve peace. Without them are commercially at the mercy of nations that have taken the step. We must defend our state commercial interests either by industrial efficiency, or by military efficiency, or by both. we w --Q- OULD it not be better for the government to take over all the industries in times of peace, than to wait until the necessities of war force the step? There can be but one answer -it is best. But it will not be done. Why? Because all capitalist governments are the results of greed and greed knows no law but to gorge greed. The balance of trade during the past three years in favor of Uncle Sam from warring Europe, is seven billions of dollars. Who is this "Uncle Sam" to whom this balance of trade has gone? This particular "Uncle Sam" is the Rockefellers, the Morgans, the Guggenheims, and their kind. Seven billions! -Oh-no wonder they hold fast to their mines, their oil fields, their steel plants, their railrq_ads, and their money bags. Greed! What a monster. 1./" - -o- - "CONCERTED action of powerful bodies of men shall not be permitted to stop the industrial processes of the nation, at any rate before the nation shall have had an opportunity to acquaint itself with the merits of the case as between employee and employer."- Woodrow Wilson. What a remarkable statement from a president who has just been elected to office by these very same powerful bodies of men. For many years these union men have struggled against the railroad magnates until finally, by adding to their numbers, they have actually become more powerful than the magnates themselves. While these two tremendous powers stood glaring at each other, a third power, like a monster from the social deep, arose, with its arm of steel around the magnates. "Thou shalt not strike." The government has spoken. The six hundred million dolla r army and navy are now talking, and they will be heard. " o politics in the union?" "Reward your friends and punish your enemies?" Will not the union men now see that more than friends are necessary in such an hour of need? T he workers must hold in their grasp the power, both to make the laws and to command the army that enforces them. Are not the laws now made to protect the ownership of private property? And who will say that the government shall not enforce it~ own laws? Can not the working men see that they must make the laws �The Western Comrade EDITORIALS or submit to t~e army while they enforce the laws made by the op~ssing interests? Whenever there is a clash of interest between two powers, the power that is in office will pass laws protecting its. interests and will enforce the laws it passes. Not only will the army be commanded, if necessary, to coerce the union men, but the union men themselves will be drafted into the army to coerce themselves, if they refuse to submit to compulsory arbitration. But those who have power to make and to enforce the law; likewise have power to appoint the arbitrators. Rest assured that they will arbitrate in their own behalf with the same determination that they pass laws and command armies. Hence the results of arbitration conform to the ends gained by enforcing the law. Those in power therefore demand compulsory arbitration laws, while thme out of power resist compulsory arbitration laws, even to the point of rebellion. Whenever the labor unions, by virtue of their power, overcome the owners of a national industry, they are immediately and necessarily confronted by the government. The owners step out, and the government steps into their shoes. The weak master is dislodged for the irresistible master. Failure to obey this master is an appeal to arms. Workingmen, you are forced to enter politics as a class, to put your own men in office, to make laws protecting your interests and to use the government force, the army, to enforce your laws, or yo~ will have to submit to their laws and their armies. You are confronted with a fact and not a theory. Govern yourselves accordingly. --o--WENTY millions dead, wounded, and m1ssmg, and still no peace. Blood, blood, blood, a sacrifice of human blood to the God of Mammon. A false and fiendish god has demanded and taken the best blood of Europe. And now, mothers of America, hold up your hands in holy horror, for your sons are about to be called to kill their brothers who have done them no wrong. Already we are paying the debt for the terrible crime committed across the seas. We have fed them that they might kill each other. We should have starved them to prevent the slaughter. We have emptied our storehouse for cash. Now high prices are starving the poor. We are bearing the burdens of war by the advance in prices of food. Already our government has advised against further investments in the securities of belligerent nations. England's debt alone has increased to seventeen billion dollars. All the other belligerents have increased their burdens accordingly. The debts can never be paid. Soon the nations will shift from a gold to a paper basis. W<tll Street will then demand its gold at the mouth of the cannon. Europe will T Page nine not-nay, cannot-pay. The gates of war will open and we will enter. Six short months ago they beat their drums and forced a vote in Congress for six hundred-million dollars for preparedness. Then we were told that an army and navy were necessary to preserve peace. Now it appears they were necessary to collect a war debt. Peace-resounds in the columns of every great paper. But there will be no peace. Russia is on her way to the sea by way of Constantinople. She will not take "No" for an answer. England must help her open the gate at whatever cost. But when Russia enters the Bosphorus, it will only be a matter of time until England will be cut off from India. England knows this, but to refuse would be to force an all-iance between "Russia and Germany. England would then not only lose India, but she and F ranee would lose all. Constantinople is the great prize to be won, and Russia will win it by England's aid. Until then there will be no peace. In the face of this fact a peace note will fall on deaf ears among the allies. It is Russia that is holding her hands over the ears of the nations. They will not hear peace until Russia sails the seas freely through the Bosphorus. Armistice? Perhaps; but peace, never, before this consummation. In this great fact world interests are involved. This accomplished, Russia may have power to absorb T urkey, and India, and to divide China with japan, and to grasp the Balkan States with Norway and Sweden. At the door of this possibility lies the prospect of a real world war. In looking at this gloomy prospect it must not be forgotten that the people of the respective countries are mere pawns being moved in the game. They have no feeling of hatred or revenge toward their brothers in the other countries; they have nothing to gain and only their lives to lose. Their destinies are determined by their respective governments. The people have no control over, and as a matter of fact, have practically nothing to say about the policies of their government. Governmental policies are determined by those who own the industries of the nation. Whatever course adds to the power of those industries will constitute the policy of the government. War and peace do not depend upon humanitarian, but upon economic advantages. It is for this reason that governments so often go to war in violation of the interests of the people. It is the interests of the economically powerfu l only that are considered. It was the struggle for the world's market b.::tween the powerful merchants and industrial kings that brought about the war. Out of the war has grown the necessity of the govemmental management of all the industries. In this fact lurks the death knell of the old, and the germ of the new, civilization. We need not fear. The hope of the world is in this fact. Bound together by these industries and inspired by the spirit of democracy and sick at heart with the thought of human gore, the people will abolish all governments as now known and establish an industrial order where peace and goodwill shall reign. �Page ten The Environment and Invention T has long been known that the present method of faulty if not fundamentally wrong; but the people who ' would improve it have not fully realized that it is the result of capitalist philosophy, and capitalist philosophy falls down hardest when it comes to dealing with the more elusive. more subtle human qualities, such as art, invention, music, and various forms of genius. These qualities are rather timed, and an atmosphere of bitter competition crushes them completely and blasts the lives of those individuals in whom they develop or else it causes them to lie dormant while the individual is forced to develop other qualities of which there is already an abundance. Notwithstanding this fact, the world at large has blunderingly tried to stimulate invention by the competitive method, and by the offering of large rewards to individuals, and this method is failing miserably at the present time. I do not mean to say that there are no. inventions but that the very best ideas that develop sponta neously are for the most part lost and there is a reason. Go into any community and, if you will get into touch with mechanical people and get their confidence, you will find many who have seen the need of some device. With heroic labor they have secretly worked out their ideas in material, and spen t their last dollar, in many cases, to obtain a patent. Not knowin g the real conditions they thought that if they could only get a patent their difficulty would be over. In reality getting the patent is the simplest part. It is a lawyer's job, and the difficulty lies in deciding which lawyer to employ. One will draw up the cla ims to really protect the important points and fight to a fini sh to see that they are allowed. Another will get a lot of unimportant things and fail to see the valuable feature on which all depends. Still another will get the important points but he will allow them to be rejected one by one by the board of examiners until there are only a few unimportant claims left, and this is found out only after the inventor or the party to whom he assigns has spent a small fortune in development and litigation. However, the obtaining of a patent that at least looks good is easy enough, and many inventors have gotten this far. Then the bitter realization has dawned upon them that a certain class of people had control of this situation. New ideas disturbed established methods and the results of their labors were therefore not wanted. The products of all their toil, together with the ashes of their fonde st hopes, are laid away on some shelf or in the cellar to be covered with cobwebs or destroyed by the elements, while the individual clenches hi,; teeth a little tighter and shows a little more bitterness on his countenance. When a brilliant idea illuminates his mind again for an instant, he mutters a curse under his breath and forgets it. Then both the world and the individual lose. The privilege of giving to the world the be5t they have is thus denied to the large mass of people who come directly in touch with the needs of the world. These constitute the source of the freshest, most virile, and brilliant ideas the world knows of. About the only way that the world can benefit fro;n this immense source of ideas is by theft, and that is precisely the condition that obtains today. What a sad spectacle! But what a stf!tling contrast is presented when one studies this question under absolutely reversed conditions, in the atmosphere of cp-operation that is devloping in the Colony! People who have had their ideas blasted , I i developing inventions and rewarding genius is Western Comrade By L. Walter Millsap, Jr. their hopes crushed, and their lives embittered, on the outside, begin to breathe the life-giving atmosphere that is a natural product of our co-operative plan, and freshen up like wilted flowers when placed in water. The looks of hardness, bitterness, and disappointment begin to disappear, and expressions of · kindness, love, and hope begin to illuminate their countenances. Their faith in humanity is renewed, their confidence in each other grows, there is no need for secrecy. They begin to feel the thrill of enthusiasm again, and this ts fertile soil for the subtle qualities mentioned above to grow in. In some this enthusiasm bursts forth in music, song, poetry and art, and this, even when it is crude, has in it a quality that the world is hungry for but cannot find where bitter competition holds full sway. In others it shows itself in mechanical ideas or along lines of invention and each idea stimulates others until one is bewildered when he begins to dream of the outcome. Some boy working in the garden perhaps sees the need of a better form of gate to control his little supply of water for irrigation. Full of enthusiasm he tells it to someone who is interested. Freely they make suggestions for improvement and it is put up to a mechanic or carpenter, who also takes a personal interest in it and in the boy, and uses his best efforts to make it up in the best possible form. It is tried out, found to be a valuable aid in the work, and everyone is proud of it. The boy is happy. Everyone that added a mite to it is happy. The whole Colony receives the benefit of it, and yet no one has received any money reward. · They have simply had an opportunity to express themselves and to receive their share of the benefit resulting from the expression. A man in the dairy depa rtment has worked out some ideas in the line of motive power that give great promise and, as soon as possible, every effort will be made to provide facilities for developing these and dozens of other things that are springing up spontaneously from every corner of the ranch. It is the a im to build a n experimental shop later on when more immediate problems have been solved, in which these things can be developed, and an effort will be made to provide skilled men and machinery to encourage this in every way possible. At noon-time, or in the evening, when men are peacefully discussing the day's problems, some matter will come up like clearing rocks from the soil, stac kin g hay, improving an auto truck, or feeding calves with less effort. Some one says "Why don't you do this way?" Immediately a lively discussion starts without fear or restraint. Ideas are passed back and forth and one thing is added to another with lightning speed until, within a very short time, an idea for a new device or method has been completely worked out. More has been accomplished in this time tha n could possibly have been done by an individual working in secret, building up a crude idea in material, tearing it down again and again until a tremendous amount of time, energy, and money, has been consumed. This is what happens daily. Who can foretell what the future will bring forth when we have means and material in abundance? Who can say what the children raised in such an environment will bring forth? We can only dream now and keep at work on immediate problems, but the vision of the future is an inspiration that makes big problems seem small, makes hard work seem light, and makes rugged faces radiant with hope - and that is the most beautiful result of all. �The Western Comrade Fruits of Our Soil - HIEF among the Llano industries are agriculture and horticulture. They will undoubtedly always be the most important. The wonderful fertility of the soil, 1 the warm, balmy climate, and the ease with which the land can be irrigated will probably make fruit growing the foremost undertaking. Because fruit can be marketed to better advantage, and because natural conditions give Llano an immense superiority over most districts, fruit growing will be developed most extensively. Yet gardening, alfalfa raising, and ihe production of grain and field crops will keep pace with the increasing needs of Llano. The gardeners, the fruit men, and the farmers at Llano agree that the climate is almost ideal, and that the soil could scarcely be better. True, the soil will require building up to supply it with humus, but that comes with systematically working it, the application of fertilizer, and scientifically cropping it. The gentle slopes, the long season, the favorable I tomatoes, muskmelons, canteloupes, casabas, sweet potatoes, onions, cabbage, and many other vegetables. Their quality is superb. It is a matter of surprise and astonishment to the visitor to see the ~eavily laden tomato vines, scant of foliage but heavy with fruit. Quality and quantity gladden the hearts of Llano well wishers. There are several gardeners-P. A. Knobbs, Geo. T. Pickett, j. Mauricio, and W. j. Newman, the latter to a more limited extent. Of these, Pickett and Mauricio will probably have the main gardens this year. Though Comrade Knobbs is an old time gardener he wants to be otherwise employed foi a change. The varieties of soil to be found at Llano permit the growing of many varieties of vegetables. Comrade Pickett has worked out a system of irrigation on the garden plot, variously estimated at sixty to one hundred acres which he will have in connection with the Industrial School, and the ground is in excellent shape. Flumes _will lessen the amount of labor re- Looking ac ross the sunberry palch, with the Tilghman group of homes and a pari of the Tilghman hotel Sunin the background. b e r r i e s furnished delicious fruit fo r scores of families last summer and a good acreage is to be planted this season. The sunberry or wondcrberry is a Burbank product, and the quality i• particularly good a t this altitude. climate, the rich virgin soil, the comparative ease with which the soil can be worked-these are all natural advantages which appeal to those who can understand the real ins and outs of farming. WI' Llano Garden.s Thrive , - - HETHER gardening at Llano would be a success or not was ~ moot question for many months. Practical gardeners) insisted that good vegetables could be _ _ _I grown i sufficient quantity. Those who saw 'the first pitiful attempts at gardening thought otherwise. It was a stration and soil knowledge. Now the matter matter of d h roven, and this year will see more than a hundred a res of garden planted on ground that will return well for e labor expended on it. _ The soil here lacks just one element and that is easily given to it. Manure supplies this quality and manure has been liberaly applied to the soil. Cultivation enriches it still further. There is no better place for the production of watermelons, I quired and will permit of a more satisfactory and economical distribution of water. With the aid of two men, the two Comrades Ferguson, and the children of the Industrial School, it is expected that these gardens can be adequately cared for. Comrade Mauricio will have about twenty acres of land. An old alfalfa field is to be used for this purpose; it will be almost contiguous to the Industrial School gardens. Comrade Mauricio expects to grow melons, tomatoes, a nd cucumbers mainly. Gardening is a continuous process. At Christmas the Industrial School gardens exhibited lettuce, beets, onions, carrots, rutabagas, spinach, Swiss chard, mustard, radishes, cabbagt', and parsnips. Vegetables of some kind are available every month. Tomatoes were in the commissary as late as the fore part of December, though they had been picked several weeks previous and stored to ripen. The principal crops will be peas, corn, beans, and tomatoes, probably. It is expected that the increase in garden will be five to one. Six to eight crops will frequently be grown in the same ground during the year. The vegetables which seem to thrive best are beets, carrots, �.. The Western Comrade Page twelve sweet potatoes, parsnips, lettuce, eggplant, peas, beans, peppers, tomatoes, • melons, pumpkins, squash, and cucumbers. While a great deal of water is required for the gatflens, this can be reduced by cultivation just as it is reduced in the or· · chards by cultivation. There are few weeds in the soil, which is a distinct advantage and greatly lessens the· amount of work. In the Industrial School gardens there ·will be some chicken feed grown in addition to the vegetables. F"ood for the rabbits will also be an output of the gardens. . Among the vegetables which have been successfully grown, some only in small quantities, but enough in every case to justify the assertion, are: water melons, musk melons, pumpkins, . squash, cucumbers, sweet potatoes, peas, beans, peppers, tur-. nips, carrots, lettuce, radishes, swt;et corn, pop corn, _tomatoes, cabbage, cauliflower, celery, onions, salsify, beets,- parsnips, leeks, kale, ground almonds, and rutabagas. . The value of the garden lands is estimated by" Comrade Knobbs, who has had many years .of experience as a market gardener and who has ~uccessfully competed against Chinese gardeners and who knows his business thoroughly, at $1000 an acre. He says this is a conservative fig:ure to place on them. to be efficient gardeners. They will be directed in their work by experienced agriculturists and horticulturists who will instruct them in the practical study of botany and ·entomology. The gafdening industry is one that will expand, and it will require prudence, care, and foresight to provide for the wants, to supply the demands, to rotate the varieties, and to maintain the quality that will be required. It means careful study and the keeping of adequate records. But the possibilities are here and they have been demonstrated. They have been proven beyond a doubt. Llano soil is good garden soil. Like all of Llano's products, the marketing must be done in the most concentrated form. Most vegetables will probably be canned. However, that problem is in the future; the gardeners will have all they can do to supply the demands of the Colony for this season. Cannery will put up peas, beans, corn and tomatoes if the gardens can supply the garden truck for this purpose. The successful Llano gardens are another link in the chmn of industries that will make Llano a self-supporting community. The pendulum is swinging back again. In the pioneer days of America each family conducted all of the industries necessary to maintain life. The growth of the factory system took these industries from the home one by one and the people lost control of them. Now the backward swing is bringing to the Llano community the control of its industries, is making it independent, is putting into the hands of its residents all of the industries to maintain life. Berries for Llano Use r LLANO-GROWN APPLES. The three shown here weighed 4!/z pounds. He is enthusiastic over the, gardens, and states that ifis merely a matter of building up the soil, much of which work has already been done, in order to make it.as fine a garden as can be found anywhere. He has grown onions that weighea three pounds each. Comrade Newman is not giving his attention so much to gardening as to berry raising, but as Mrs. Newman is an enthusiast in this work they will continue to grow vegetables in connection with the berries, planting between the rows of young vines. The Newmans grew caulif!Qwer that would compete successfully in any market, sweet potatoes that were of wonderfully fine quality, celery that is sweet and tender, cabbage heads that are of good size and sound, and beans of such length that to tell it would make it incredible. In the garden they had French beans of a variety that grew to nearly three feet in length, and they expect to grow more of these next season. The boys and girls of the Industrial School greatly simplify the garden problem. They learn as they work and they prove OUGH berries are usually considered as fruit, Comrade W. J. Newman has been given charge of this department, his seven years of experience fitting him ___ perfectly for making the production of berries one of the Llano industries that will be put on a satisfactory basis. In the nurseries and in the gardens are the Everbearing and other varieties of blackberries. In the nursery are many dew. berry plants which bore last year, and the high quality of the fruit as well as the prolific way in which the vines bore, demonstrate the value of the berry department. Himalaya and. Mammoth blackberries and currants are added to the list. Several acres of sunberries, or wonderberries, were grown last season and were· highly esteemed. Gooseberries, raspberries loganberries and other varieties will also be grown. Comrade Newman wants to.·get in touch with all who have berry plants, and he asks that all who can spare them to send them in as soon as possible. While Llano is not a natural berry country because of its excessive dryness, yet when the plants are properly irrigated they seem to do about as well, and to produce as heavily as do berry plants anywhere. At Christmas Comrade Newman exhibited ripe strawberries and strawberry blossoms, which is satisfactory evidence as to the length of the season. About three acres of strawberries are planted and will be in bearing this spring. The plants begin bearing a few weeks after being put into the ground. Those planted in August had berries on -them six weeks later. The productive life of a strawberry plant is about four to five years. The life of blackberries, raspberries, loganberries, dewberries, etc., is indeterminate, as they will produce profitably for many years. Berries should be picked every other day during their heaviest bearing season. Children will probably be employed to do most of the picking. Berries require dose attention and must be irrigated frequently. It is stated on fairly good authority �The Western Comrade that the' production of loganberries in regions best adapted to them has been as high as seven tons to the acre. The quality of the berries grown here cannot "be surpassed even in the finest berry districts of the country. They are prolific, too. Most of the berries are to be _planted on the Tilghman place, where the present berry tract is. Strawberries which have .a great deal of foliage are preferred for this climate, as the leaves protect the fruit. Hay and Grain Production "T I - - -HE soil at Llano is unsurpassed anywhere for alfalfa." This statement was· made by john Van Nuland, one of the farmers, and reiterated by C. S. Millarr, head of _ __ the hay and grain department. It was repeated by others who are practical, experienced farmers. Comrade Millarr has been in charge of the hay and grain department since June. He has been a resident of the Antelope Valley for about eight years, and is authority for the facts given . They are substantiated by other practical farmers. Page thirteen ducing, it is worth from $150 to $200. That is genuine, fegitimate increase in value. Alfalfa was worth $10 a ton last year. The returns are excellent. The quality of the alfalfa produced at· Llano cannot be surpassed. This is not an empty boast; the stock men prove it every day. Moreover, alfalfa is easily started, produces heavily, as has been shown, and is not difficult to irrigate when planted on properly prepared land, as is being done now. It is irrigated just after it has been cut, and once between cuttings. It can usually be cut once a month, though last summer it was cut three times in forty-two days, that is, twenty-one days from one cutting to the next, this being repeated. It is believed by some that the Hairy Peruvian alfalfa is best suited to this district, and some experiments are belng made to determine which variety is best adapted. While alfalfa will be the chief forage crop, peas, beets, etc., will also be grown, though no definite program has been decided on for them. It is certain that wheat, oats, barley, rye, Milo maize, Egyptian corn, fetcrita, soudan grass, sweet clover can all be grown with profit to the Colony, and some of these Mrs. Newman holding up a bunch of beans, some of which measured more than two feet in length and were of delicious flavor. 1his va· riety will be planted exten· sively this season. In the b~ck ground are fig trees. Mrs. Newman holds some egg plants in her right hand. The insert shows Llano onions. These grew to a s much as three pounds ~d the quality is of the best. Last year the cutting of alfalfa began in April and continued until in November, the past season having been a very favorable one. Seven crops were cut. "Six crops can be reasonably depended on any average year, the last cutting being made in October. Comrade Millarr, a very conservative man, says we had about one hundred and sixty acres of alfalfa at the beginning of last season, but he expects to start the 1917 season with more than three hundred and sixty acres. This is an increase of more than two hundred acres. Most of .the young alfalfa is up and in splendid condition. The land has been prepared carefully, many cobble and lime ditches have been built, and the corrugation system of irrigation has been adopted. A good stand has been secured and there is every indication that the alfalfa land will be in full bearing by the close of the 1917 season, at which time it should be producing a ton to the acre per cutting. The opening of the following season should see it producing crops that any alfalfa district in the world could boast of. The land the alfalfa is planted on is exactly the same as land that can be bought in this district at prices not to exceed $12 per acre. When it comes into full bearing, has been corrugated for irrigating, cleared, leveled, seeded, and is pro- crops have already been tried. Experiments and demonstrations will be carried on by the agriculturists. Dry farming is practicable at Llano, ns it is carried ~n in other portions of the Antelope Valley. It is expected that about one hundred acres will be put out to v.:~rious crops this year to show what can be done. Probably_the most important thing will be the preparing of the soil for these crops. The farmers have entire charge of their department. The tillers of the soil-gardeners, alfalfa men, grain men, fruit men, berry men- meet frequently and lay out their work. Much better results are being secured by this means. They have elected their own assistant superintendent of the ranch. It is complete industrial departmental democracy. It combines the freedon of democratic management with efficiency and a JUSt sense of responsibility. One other source of wealth which has not yet been developed, yet which the alfalfa men say will be profitable, is the sale of alfalfa seed. It is claimed that two or three crops of hay can be cut, then the alfalfa allowed to go to seed, and the seed threshed and sold. It is singularly free from weeds, is clean and healthy and will undoubtedly command highest market prices. �Page fourteen Scenery About Llano w' The Western Com "r ade By Robert K.Williams All this sounds away ·from the subject of scenery and our HEN I was a little chap my mother told . me of a country whe~e all the seasons o~ the y~ar could be surroundings, and it is. The editor of this magazine has a most provoking habit of assigning subjects. He had an hour's 1 ' encountered m one day. S~e satd tha_t m the mornconversation with himself on the subject for me this month. 1_ _ _ ing it would be summer, a !tttle later m the day fall would come with its chilly blasts; next in ord!!r cold and Upon looking through my pockets, I found the assignment, b'eak winter would set in, and quickly following, spring, and and here it is. It will be interesting to you for it interested then summer again. For ages this state of weather had him, or he wouldn't have typed it off as a guide. "Write about the Antelope Valley-tremendous expanses, existed. It was a wonderful country. I asked her where this grizzled pioneers, coyotes, ox-teams-and don't forget the coun try was and she said, "California ." For years I longed to see this Iand where the four seasons superb view from the townsite." This is some job! of the year would come in one day. When I finally arrived The Antelope Valley imperceptibly merges into the famed in California I found out that my mother had told mt; the truth, but,- she had failed to mention that the seasons could be Mojave Valley east of Llano. In the Antelope Valley there brou2ht about by climbing high mountains and· then des- are two and a half million acres, and seventy-five per cent is tillable providing water can be secured. Numerous pioneers cending them. have come to this great You see, I had read an expanse in hopes of makidea into the statement. ing for themselves a doThe story was so pleasmestic paradise. Failure ing I did not want to inafter failure dots the valvestigate, and when finalley. Almondale and Old ly the real truth dawned Palmdale are recollecI smiled at my childish tions of the past, and old credulity. corner post identify lot~ People are prone to once worth $300. Orread between the lines. chards are yet visible It is one of the most diffiamong the sage brush. A cult things in the world comrade recently walked to tell the exact truth. over a tangle:! expanse Should anyone doubt this and disco·:ered sixteen let him try it for a while. acres of olive trees still To carry truth to its logiliving, with fine olives on cal concl usion would be them. They had had no to dest roy imagination water for twenty years, entirely. except that from heaven. N o t w o people see Twenty odd years ago things exactly the same. quite a settlement was What to me is a gorgeous near the present site of prospect might be a leadLlano. Like most other en cloud to another. One The 17 apples shown here filled a five-gallon oil can more than full. individual efforts it failed has to take into considerand the Colony is now ation the state of digesheir to its early efforts, tion, previous experience and we are building well. and late associations. Ox teams wended their way to the north from Los Angeles, There are people excessively senstltve and so postttve that they a re capable of expressing themselves that they dislike ;>nd numerous bands of sheep and great herds of cattle were the idea of anyone else saying anything about them. Nine driven over these plains years ago. That sort of thing has chances out of teri if you do say anything even as a compli- now ceased. Concentrated farming and stock raising is now ment, they will take offense and write the editor about it. the rule of the day. The view from the townsite, so often mentioned, is certainly Llano is a much talked of place. Thousands of people have heard of us. More thousands will continue to hear of us. grand. But it is unsafe to attempt to describe it. The T ehachEach individual has his own notions of what we are like and api mountains lie to the north and west and act as a great what the place is like. Some arrive and are not disappointed wall, and no two views ever seem the same. They are from - the farm lies as they thought, the scenery is just as they fifty to one hundred and twenty-five miles away. The San pictured, and everything else quite satisfactory. Others come Bernardino mountains are to the east of us at least forty-five and are surprised that it is as it is. You see they had pictured miles. In the foothills there are many mines, and Victorville. th;ngs and lived in a world of Make-Believe. We are fond of thirty-two miles away, is a trading point for the mountaineers lying to ourselves. It is one of the most delightful human and miners. Some very high peaks are in this range and snow characteristics. If we had to live always with pracfical peo- is visible most of the year on a few. Farther east are the ple, life in a mosquito-infested swamp would be preferable. Sierra Nevadas, still farther, the Rockies, and beyond them It is amusing to hear "Now let us get down to brass tacks." the Mississippi valley, the Appalachian chain, and finally New Look out when you hear this. If it is a business transaction York and the Atlantic Ocean. and you are not a business man, better hire a lawyer. I want to make this geography plain so that our eastern , j �The W es t er n C o mrade friends may know just where we are and how to find us. Nearer home, in our own valley, are the Lovejoy Buttes, a rugged mass of rock with much mineral, ami at their base gushes a spring. To the east are the Black Butte, the Gray Butte, the Three Sisters, and numerous other great hard lumps tha t have not yet been erodec:l. by Nature. A mirage, many days of the year, makes beautiful these lonely sentinels of the plains. Cities and oceans, ships and forests, buildings and people ca n be seen in the early morning if the imagination is vivid enough . a nd it ma kes one feel that these things cannot be so fa r away, or else we should not see them just out there. The Sierra Madres lie just south of us, and on moonlight nights this snow-covered range is transformeCI into mountains of pu re silver. It is a tentless crea ture indeed, that cannot see a bea uty in these southern hills, ranging from 6000 to 9500 feet above sea level. It is from these snow sides that the Big Rock receives some of its water although the real origin is from a series o f springs at a n elevation of 6500 feet, ten an-:1 a half miles south of the Colony. When the ha nd of ma n has overcome the ha rshness of nature a;Jd brought under control the la nd, magnificent fruit is Page fifteen wilderness and bre.. k ground. Comrade Burkhart started' seven years ago in the Pallet valley and is just beginning to reap returns from his .l.a.nc;ls. As a rule we lciol< for fi·nished products and are only satisfied with them. To see the Valyermo ranch is to satisfy the mind, and at Little Rock, ten miles to the west, hundreds of acres are to be found in .pears, with the reputation of the finest pears in the world. Uano has pear orchards growing. It requires a botanist to do justice to the vegetation of the Valley. Nearly every month in the year a flower blooms here. The spring months bring forth an abundance of small ground flowers of great beauty. Millions of them strew the sands like a carpet, while waving above them the five different varieties of sage nod and bloom, and afford succulent forag~ for the millions of bees. junipers dot the hillsides just above the Colony and are evergreen. Mistletoe often displaces the natural foliage and finally kills the twisted but hardy juniper. The foliage and the vegetation create a tremendous inpression on the mind. The colors of the valley, looking from above, are bewildering, and our artist friends go wild about it. This fi ne f1 eld o f cabbage sho ws convinc ingly tha t th~ l.la no lands arc fe rtile and p rod uc ti ve. The more than 100 ac res to be plan ted this year to vegetables sho uld a mply provide fo r th e ex pected grow th in popula tion. p ump.{ Ins, Caul: flowers, ,. squash, c uc umbers, melo ns, tomatoes, produce splendidly a t Llano. grown, a nd acco rding to our fa rmers the best alfalfa in the world can be raised in the Antelope Valley. Back of us lie the Shoemaker, the Valyermo and the West ra nches. Each raises fine fruit. T he Colony picked the pears, a pples a nd peaches of these ranches last season, and our sha re, many thousands of gallons, were canned in our cannery. These are old ra nches. The country was wild indeed when these hardy pioneers plotted these fa rms and started development. Today however they are show places; and a brief visit to them will show wha t the la nd is capable of. Lla no is not old enough to demonstra te the agricultural a nd horticultural possibilities, but it can safely be said tha t if the people who come here will be patient for a few years and put as much effort to the soil as have these old ranchers, the Colony will have a magnificent estate. We are more favorably located than any of them, and wi~h co-operation in action we surely should be able in a few years to _create a veritable garden in the midst of the desert. Still fa rther to the south, and considerably higher, lies the Pallet Valley, in which a re several prosperous ranches. It took considerable courage years ago to go into that virgin Once in a while a prosaic individual, when well-fed, can c-ten en thuse over its beauties. The opals a nd blues and ultramarines, and the kaleidoscope of colors morning and night must be seen to be appreciated, yet I am aware that thousands would say that the important thing is the raising of beans. But artists differ from the .agriculturist and the machinist. I know this for I have taken lots of photographers over the ranch, and to an artist a photographer is nothing but a machine. A friend back east wants to know from a friend here if Llano is as picturesque as I paint it. Yes, and more so. But we can't eat it, and from now on I am strong for beans, peas, and lentils, and other useful things of that nature-so that when we are full of these things we can see the picuresque side. Whether or not your feet are cold makes a lot of difference whether or not Llano is picturesque. It may not be picturesque to you, but it is the most interesting place in the world, and the nucleus of the biggest idea in the universe. We have splendid people here. It takes strong people to like this idea. If they weren't above the average, Llano would have no attractions. �The Page sixteen We s I ern Comrade ' . • Declaration 0 f I rid u By the Co-operative BI ELIEVING that the remedy for the larger par! of the l existing social and industrial evils that afflict our times lie_s in th~ most thorough and scientific organizatiOn of mdustnes under a system that legally guarantees a practical and certain uniformity of results, and the responsible and just administration of the industrial powers so organized: And believing further, that such an industrial system can best be initiated and developed under the auspices of a national association having for its declared purpose,First,-the acquisition of land for social use and the founding of an industrial system by which the workers shall at all · times be guaranteed the laregst measure of freedon in the exercise of their physical and intellectual powers and faculties, the broadest range of opportunities to engage in producing the necessaries, comforts, and luxuries of li.fe, and in the enjoyment of the full social value of their labor. Second,-the establishing of a system of co-operative banking and exchange by which the extortions of the money-lender and exchanger of the products of labor may be avoided; and, Third,- the founding of an educational system under which. the workers may be made familiar with the principles of cooperative ownership of industries, and the best and most modern methods by which the greatest economic results are today achieved:We, the undersigned, tender fraternal greetings to all who are working and hoping for a free and just industrial system and for a safe and sane political regime; and we hereby announce and proclaim the foregoing principles as the foundation upon which we ask you to join in establishing such a social order. We declare that the exercise of public functions by private combinations for private profit is Wilsteful in its general results, un just to the laboring and producing classes, and constitutes the last remaining barrier to industrial freedom and social justice. We declare that the world has arrived at an age in the development of the machinery of production and c:Jistribution in which it is physic<~ lly possible to produce and distribute an abundance of everything for every human need if industry were freed frorn private ownership of public utilities and monopoly of fertile but unused hmd, and- production for use instead of for profit were made the law of industrial life. We declare that throughout the country millions of workers are without employment; millions of consumers with nothing to consume; millions of producers shut off from all means of ; I production; millions of superfluous men for whom there are no places, and that these millions, starving for places no less than for bread, constitute a constant menace to the tenure of those who have employment. We declare that monopoly of land and private ownership of labor-employing industries for private profit is the prime cause of this condition, and that wage earners who have present employment c<~n entertain but little hope for permanent position or steady wages, much less an increase thereof, A -Friend I .' d like to be the sort of friend that you have been to me, I'd like to be the help that you've been always glad to be, I'd like to mean as much to you each minute of the day As you have meant, old friend of mine, to me along the way. I'd like to do the big things and the splendid things for you, To brush the gray from out your skies and leave them only blue; I'd like to say the kind things that I so oft have heard And feel that I could rouse your soul the way that mine you've stirr in the face of such a condition. And when to this condition is added the ever-increasing machine facilities for production, the increasing organization and concentration of industrial power, and the increasing greed and selfishness of employing ownership, all driving steadily to the decrease of the employed and the increase of the unemployed-what is left to them of hope but its dregs, despair? We declare that the problem of millions of acres of land without workers, millions of workers without land or opportunity to produce the necessaries of life, and millions of men, women, and children suffering for lack of the harvests which the now idle land could be made to yield, will never be solved until industrial co-operation by the workers supersedes the wage-profit system. We declare that there are millions of acres of fertile land which might be socialized through a co-operative organization, and that there is an element of society able and willing to contribute sufficient means to this end whenever a responsible, �The We s tern C"omrade strial Independence Workers of the World national organization shall appear with an adequate, safe, and practicable plan. We declare that it is possible and practicable for society to employ all the workers at useful and productive labor all the time, and that an army of unemployed workers is an economic loss to the state, wholly unecessary and preventable, and constitutes a prolific source and cause of crime; but whereas such an unemployed element of society is a direct result and necessary asset of land monopoly and pri- s Greeting I'd like to give you back the joy that you have given me, Yet that were wishing you a need I ·hope will never be; I'd like to make you feel as rich as I. who travel on Undaunted in the darkest hours with you to lean upon. I'm wishing at this Christmas time that I could but repay A portion of the gladness that you've strewn along my way. And could I have one wish this year, this only would it be: I'd like to be the sort of friend that you have been to me. - Detroit Free Press. vate ownership of industries, we declare that no relief (po·litical, industrial, or educational) of a permanent character may be expected from the political defenders of the wageprofit system. We declare that Socialism means the most perfect and comprehensive organization of industries, the most precise and business-like methods in their operation, and the most adequate supervi~ion and control of the powers so organized and operated, to the end that none may be oppressed and that the final result may be a co-sharing by the coworkers. That it will be a condition of society existing when labor has learned the lesson of industrial co-operation instead of working against itself in warring factions and competitive groups. That it concerns and relates to the material, everyday affairs of industrial life. That it means responsible co-operation in production and distribution and is practicable to a degree superior to the competitive system. That it will be a state or condition of labor ownership of industries responsible to the people in every detail · and particular, and that when the workers desire to live under such conditions as the socialization of industries will guarantee, the movement will have gained a force and momentum before which private capital ownership will be swept aside, and its selfish laws and courts and constitutions dissolved and re-organized upon a basis of industrial justice in the great revolution of ownership which will then take place. We declare that it is the duty of the people through the exercise of their political powers and functions to establish the foregoing principles in government and correct the evils pointed out; but until such program can be effected through political action, we declare there is no course left for those who desire to realize these ideals but to establish them as they best may through private organization until the government does its full duty to the people in this respect. We declare that upon justice in. material things must justice in all things at last depend. That this is the primal law of social and industrial life, the foundation principle of order and government among men. That man's first right is here, and here, his sacred duty-to secure this right for himself. to render it sacredly to others. And being profoundly impressed with the truth of the foregoing principles, we, the undersigned, hereby associate ourselves together as a Provisional Committee of Arrangements for the purpose of effecting a realization ·of these ideals. and we pledge ourselves to aid in every honorable way in our power in est<'lblishing such industrial, educational, and exchange systems, and to that end we call upon all who favor the Co-operative idea and principle to organize Co-operative Commonwealth Clubs, to study and teach industrial co-operation, to organize co-operative industries and exchanges wherever practicable, and choose representatives to an Industrial Congress for the purpose of establishing the Co-operative Commonwealth Foundation. And we finally declare that the Co-operative Commonwealth shall be responsible to the general government for industria l peace and order within its own jurisdiction. And the time and place for convening such Industrial Congress shall be determined by a referendum vote of such dubs. JOB HARRIMAN, (Signed) Llano, California. CLINTON BANCROFT. Carrolls, Washington. �PROPAGANDA Page eighteen Broad~r Organization Needed THE Soc-ialist Party when it faces the election ret'urns of 1916 must do some hard thinking. Its first task.is some. honest soul searching for the cause of its failure to win or hold any considerable fraction of the working class. It will have to apply its· basic materialistic principles to the facts. And when it does it will discover that it has failed thus far because it has not put before the workers an issue at ·once vital enough in importance and sufficiently near of realization to make their allegiace of direct and immediate benefit to them. It will discover that a political party cannot be organ- · ized around the shifting tenets of a political theory; that the only firm bond is the material interest of industrial grpups. So Comrade Harriman's proposal that the Socialist Party shall connect up with the labor and co-operative movements is very timely. • _~ We cannot expect that immediately the party organization shall conduct a department to promote co-operative enterprises. But it must broaden its form o-f organization so that co-operators, by virtue of their membership in a co-operative enterprise, may be members of the Socialist Party. Already the Socialist Pa rty endorses labor unions and contributes materially to their aid in strikes and lock-outs. It must do more. It must permit union men, whose time is so largely absorbed by the everyday necessa ry business of their unions, to be members of the Socialist Party by virtue of the:r membership in the union 5. Ultimately co-operative, union, and polit:cal club must be allied upon the indestructible basis of mutual intere ~ t s and a common aim. Big business has effected a close a lliance and is able to domin ate the capitalist parties.- Its strength is enormous. In the face of it can anyone doubt the necessity of the working people "mobilizing" a ll the:r sources of strength if they hope to prevail in the tremendous class struggle that approaches its climax in ever intensifying conflicts? CAMERON H. KING. JT The Western Comrade Keeping Us Out of War The maple leaves were turning from green to bright red, yellow and'magenta. Summer had waned and passed and the year 1920 was drawing to a close. A man lolling luxuriantly behind the highly polished glass windows of a Fifth Avenue club suddenly sat bolt upright. He stared out on ~he street where for hours an endless stream of marching men had plodded along. Now and then loud shouts and wild cheers had sent a wave of annoyance across the portion of the clubman's face that was visible above the grisly, bristling beard. Suddenly light came into the lack-lustre eye and as he leaned forward and stared he clutched fiercely and sank his fingers into the arms of the upholstered chair. Then the unnerved man Party Too Theoretical is apparent to anyone who has made a careful study ol the Socialist movement of the world that our party in the United States is too dogmatic-that it must become less theoretical and more practical or it will petrify into another Social- CAN LLANO GARDENS GROW VEGETABLES? Here is the best answer ist Labor Party. to the question that we know of- and these were not specially oelected, either. As to quality. it cannot be surpassed anywhere. This year's Instead of being, as it should be, the political expression of production is expected to vastly surpass that of last year in every way. the unions and the co-operatives, the party has stood aloof and sometimes even antagonized them. Instead of bending itself to cement into law, and secure general recognition for the gains shouted aloud and his strident voice brought half a score of made in the industrial and co-operative fields, the party has liveried flunkies running. _ too often stood b(lck and theorized and done nothing. "Quick, boy, bring me pens, ink, telegraph blanks!" Every place where those dogmatists have had control the "What's the matter, Charlie?" asked a fellow clubman. energy of the movement has been wasted in foolish theoretical ''I'm _going1 to congratulate Woodrow on his election." ansdiscussions, in making rules and in "disciplining" the members, wered the perturbed- one. with the result that the movement has withered. Witness the "But, Mr. Hughes," said a sympathetic bystander, "he was Socialist Labor Party, the Social Democraic Federation of Eng- elected long years ago." land and many of the parties formerly existing in F ranee. "Yes, yes, I heard that story in 1916, but I put little creOn the other hand, where the party has been a real Iabar dence in it. I have been waiting for the returns from Watts. party instead of a philosophical debating society, it has gained California." Ill numbers and power. Witness, prior to the war, the labor "But what convinces you now?" party of England. the Socialist Parties of Germany, Austria, "See that banner, there. Read it. If it is true, then WoodBelgium, Denmark, and of other European countries. We of . row must be President." the United States must take note of the facts and_direct our All eyes turned toward a huge banner carried by twenty-five energies to action rather than to idle theorizing. stalwart Wall Street speculators. The wording read: "Defeat Wilsoq for the third term. He is keeping us out of War." GEO. W. DOWNING. �The \ Western EDUCATION Comrade P&ge nineteen I ·Our Industrial School T I 1 -~ rN months ago there was nothing exce;t the little two-room adobe schoolhouse on the spot where the junior Colony now stands. -~The land all around, except a small garden at the Tilghman place, was covered with sage brush, yuccas, and grease wood. The five upper grades of the grammar school held daily session in the adobe school building. School, to the children, was a rather monotonous routine of studying and reciting, varied only by the two short recesses. One beautiful March day a man of energy and initiative came to the school. He talked to the children about Llano and its ideals of co-operation. He told them that some day they would have the Colony in their own hands, and that they must learn to work and to co-operate. He said that he was there to help them choose their life work. The children were enhusiastic from the very beginning. They organized classes in agriculture. The tendency to destroy everything in sight was replaced by an ambition to become active members of the community. Nearly every child responded readily to this call of his better self. The children organized a club for their own welfare; they started to build a clubhouse; they sent for seeds and planted vegetable and flower gardens. They took an interest unknown or undreamed of before. The children came early and stayed late. Thi; miracle was performed by no other than that human dynamo, George T. Pickett. The first Sunday in April a big dinner was held at the new colony. Two hundred and len people were served. That :was the first meal served at the junior Colony and the end is not ~I of the school children, numbering about eighty, and art average of twenty men who worked in that vicinity, were fed each day. This feeding of the school children is a great saving to the Colony, for much of a cold lunch, carried by the child, is wasted. Mrs. Pickett was a tireless worker in this department. The children were drawn closer and closer together and they were beginning to learn real co-operation. They had the foundation to the clubhouse well under way, and a small chicken house completed when school was dismissed for the summer vacation. Then the work started with renewed energy. In May they had bought 1180 little chicks. From these they succeeded in raising over one thousand chickens. That is a record any poultry man would be proud of. The little chicken house was becoming so crowded that the boys built another larger one, also of adobe. They then built a house for Mr. and Mrs. Pickett. After that a cellar was built with a room above. Some excellent work wa~ done on these buildings under the direction of Mr. West. The garden which the children had planted was doing so well that the garden of the Colony, some 75 acres, was also given into their hands. How to plant, when to plant, soil chemistry, irrigation, and the preparation of vegetables for the market were studied industriously. A summer school was organized and those children who wished to do so, studied during the summer. Attendance was not compulsory. Those who desired to do so, went to school and those who cared about other things did those other things. All were learning, some from books, some from doing, some from both; but all were learning. When the public school reopened on October 2nd, another school was organized. This is called by some the Radical school, because its aim is to give the pupils the best of everyj By Mil d r e d T r a v i s thing in a new way, to break ·away from the old methods and old curricula to teach radical, up-to-the-minute subjects in radical, up-to-the-minute ways, with radical teachers at the head. By others it is called the Industrial school, because its aim is to teach the pupil any industry he wishes to learn, as well as to give him a knowledge of books. The aim is to afford each pupil all possible facilities for learning any vocation. In truth, it is both a Radical and an Industrial school, and neither name alone expresses its entire significance. The two names should be used together, for it is really a Radical · ' Industrial School. In the beginning, three months ago, there were only eight pupils enrolled at this school. The first teachers were two in number. All sorts of hardships were endured, but lack of materials to work with and poor accommodations failed to discourage these dauntless teachers and pupils. The school grew rapidly. Mrs. Pickett gave up her home as few women would have done. She had the yision-that was why she did it. Her dining room became a school room. T abies were brought in and a class formed around each table. Inside work is not all the children do by any means. They have their own horses, cows, goats, sheep, rabbits, chickens, pigs, and turkeys. They take care of all of these things and some pets they have, a couple of wild-cats, a hawk, and a few other wild animals and birds. Besides this they have built fences, goat-pens, rabbit hutches and all necessary buildings. Work was often delayed weeks at a time for lack of facilities to work with. An insufficient supply of lumber usually lay at the root of the matter. The boys hauled lime, rock and adobe to build with, and they were tireless in their efforts to make the Junior Colony the biggest thing on the whole ranch. And still the school grew! · New teachers came and offered their services. New pupils joined the ranks, two or three coming at a time. People came to visit the school and all were amazed at the progress. They wanted to do their little to help. Donations started flowing into the ]•.•!!;~! Colony. 'Men and women with big hearts, some with long purse-stJ;i1g~ and some not so long, gave liberally to this institution of learning. Donations of all sorts came, ranging all the way from dictionaries to baseballs, from a dozen towels to a chest of new tools. These helped set the school on its feet. It is standing on a good foundation, that of a true ideal. Truth will always prevail, and this school will stand where all others fall. Nothing can prevent it. Plans for next year are not overshadowed by present problems. One hundred acres of garden will be raised this year. Corn, peas, beans, and tomatoes will be raised for canning. Sweet potatoes will also receive a great deal of attention. The permanent rhubarb and asparagus beds for Llano will be located at the junior Colony. All of the grain needed for chicken feed will be raised. The children expect to raise a thousand turkeys and they are going quite extensively into the raising of bulbs. At the present time there are more than fifty pupils enrolled at the Industrial school. From the time the children arrive in the morning until the time they leave in the evening, they are learning. Nearly e~ery conceivable subject is taught. The teachers in this unique 5chool are not asked to present a certificate. It is doubtful if more than one of them holds a certificate which would entitle him to teach in Los Angeles _ (Continued on Page twenty) ' �EDUCATION Page twenty fi The Training f9r Service Western Comrad,. By Frank E. wolfe -J like it better here because we don't have to work ha~d - schools under capitalism even in form. The greatest difference to learn" said a bright faced lad at our embryomc · wiJI be in the motive. Capitalism trains the youth to the end I Manual Training School at Llano. that the worker may create more profits, and more efficient proThe boy was trying to give expression to the idea ductive workers may be available. CoJlectivism wiJI train the that learnin g was not such a bugbear as he had once believed youth that he may render better service to society. The one · is concerned only in producing for profit-the other in proit to be. The facts are the children both work and learn, bul this clueing for use. under a system that makes the work of such absorbing inIn training our young people the idea that wiJI dominate teres! that there is no drudgery and the learning so incidental will be that greater social service may be rendered-thus that that there is no labor. greater joy may come to the ones that render the service. Our industrial school is in a .formative state but there are "I interest my pupils in their work by telling them if they well thought out ideas and plans that eventually will result in become proficient here they will be paid a doll ar a day more bringing together education and industry. Long "have these when they go to work," said a teacher in a Manual Arts High been separated and the rejoining of them- has only ·been under- School. She smirked in her proper pride until a woman asked taken when the demand for more profits has called for more her: "And do you tell them that for that additional dollar they and more efficiency on the part of the producers of wealth. will be expected, no, compelled, to pro::luce ten dollars addiOut of this demand have sprung Manual Training Schools cal- tiona! profits for the employers who will be exploiting their culated to fit the half educated for greater service to the ex- proficiency? Do you tell them that your school is maintained plaiting groups. Formerly infor that purpose? Do they know dustry and education were joined they are being trained to bebut that was in the long ago. come more efficient earners of Industry was, as a primitive and training our children as in many other enterprofits fo r others?" necessary social element, the first prises our hopes are high, our dreams are One school teacher's educain the field. Education followed. tion began then and -there. I d large, but the goal is so glorious in the future As education is a process toward n ustry under capitalism has a social end it is in itself simply that it is beyond our vision today. We know the become the slave master. Thi~ a process-a road to enlightenneeds of the time and the hour, but the needs of is the inevitable outgrowth of ment. the coming year lie with the wonderful Llano production for profit. Things Manana- the Llano of tomorrow. are made to be sold and broken At Llano much stress will be laid upon education that will deal or destroyed. Flimsy fabrication with making better, stronger and is cultivated because use is subhealthier human bodies. This merged for profit. seems to be an inevitable feature of the industrial side, as Learning by doing will grow, and a deeper understanding of no great industrial achievement could spring from the anre- the meaning of expression will come as the young people mic and academic. develop at Llano. This growth is so rapid that the developThe industrial school under Socialism will not resemble the ment more than meets our expectations. - I IN 0 u r In dust ria I s c h 0 0 I County schools. These teachers know something worth knowing and they can impart that knowledge to others, therefore they are qualified to teach. The final test is not in what a piece of paper says you have done, but in what you can do. Each of them has specialized in his particular line of work. Miss Austin, for instance, teaches Science, English, German, French, Spanish, and Latin. All of these subjects are intensely interesting to the pupils. Comrade john Shafer teaches band music especially. The boys practise on their instruments at all hours and seem never to get enough music. Comrade Miller teaches Geography, advanced Arithmetic and History, but he specializes in Manual training. Under his direction the boys who live at the Junior Colony have made their own bedsteads. Wesley Zornes has classes in agriculture and biology, which are also always fascinating to the children. Comrade Staples instructs the children in voice culture and physical culture . Mrs. Smith spends most of her time with the little · children giving them the subjects usuaJly taught in the public schools: One big, overgrown boy of fifteen , who never before read ~ boo~ or a paper except under compulsion, now takes a hvely mterest m the work of the ranch and in reading every- {Continued from Page nineteen) thing in sight. The other day he unloaded some lumber for the barn which the boys are building. After he had finished he came runnin g into the house with "Mr. Pickett, we have got 772 feet of lumber." "Are you sure that is right?" asked Mr. Fickett. The boy answered that he had figured it up and that was the result. He proved to be right, exactly to the foot. That boy has learned somethin g he will never forget - how to fi gure lumber. Another chubby little youngster, eleven years old, is becoming a book-keeper. He keeps an accurate account of all the vegetables that leave the colony and also an account of all things that come in. He also figured the amount of lumber in this load. He volunteered to do this work of keeping accounts, and right there he is learning a valuable lesson which will never be forgotten. Still another boy of about the same age took charge of the tools. He hung them on nails on the inside of the barn , and drew an outline of each tool exactly as it hung on the wall. Only the one tool which belongs there will exactly fit the picture, so that anyone can immediately teJI what tools are missing, if any. Many other such incidents could be _mentioned, but lack of space forbids. �•' The Western Comrade ACRICUL;I'URE Page twenty-one The Senses of Plants - - -o plants think? Of late years so~e bota~ists say that they have discovered senses in plants which connect their limited existence with their environment. Plants have senses we do not possess. Our ~enses are limited to hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling and tasting. With these senses we are able to set up a telegraphic communication with our world.· Who knows that there are not untold phenomena escaping our senses? Our ear-drums are only capable of receiving a limited number of sound vibrations per second. Some scientists say that if we were capable of receiving all of the sound waves that life would be a medley of noises. The eye is capable of receiving. only a · certain number of light waves per second. The range is small. Outside of our limited existence there lies a world untouched, unheard and unexplored. This knowledge opens up to us a vast expanse- a world unknown. Life has no boundaries; the inevitable law of change transforms matter into new forms. We are shut in by a narrow vision of life. Plants experience sensations which we cannot. We discovered the law of gravity by witnessing a result. Plants are sensitive of gravitational law. Its roots grow downward. Its branches grow upward. If a young tree is bent it will attempt to regain its normal position. · The small tentacles of the ivy searching for a hold on some support can be compared to the claws of the animal. It serves a similar purpose. Its movements show perception and discrimina tion; for it always seeks the place where it can best secure a hold. The helitropic movements of plants show how fine are their 1 1 DI By W es I e y Z o r n u sense of light and heat.' The leaves arrange themselves so that they will get the greatest amount of light according to their a rea. Notice the leaf arrangement of the ivy. Can these great physical phenomena be attributed to chance? They can only be explained as consciousness in some form on the p<~rt of the plant; for each leaf of the ivy alternates with the next leaf so that no leaf shades the other. The leaf needs sunlight. The question is: Is the plant aware of this fact? The carnivorous habits of the sundew can only be explained by a conscious direction of some kind. It secretes a sticky fluid which is sought by insects. When a fly alight:; for its repast, it at once becomes entangled in this fluid. Then a wonderful phenomenon takes place as the leaves slowly but certainly encircle the victim. This fluid is similar to the digestive fluids of our bodies, and assimilates the food contained in the fly's body. The spermatozoa of the fern are attracted by sweetened water. The egg is attracted by the same food. In this nature provides through taste sensation of the plants for the continued propagation of the plant. The sperm and egg seeking the same food naturally come together and fertilization takes place. Likewise the sperm of the club mosses finds the egg swimming about in a drop of dew. The sperm and the egg are both attracted by malic acid, and thus attracted by the same food, fertilization is accomplished. We are led to believe through the observation of these and similar facts, that in the near future sense organs of plants will be discovered. Natural Fruit Soil Combat Pear Blight By 0 I i v e r Z o r n e s By 0 I i v e r Z o r n e s ; IR -- -oOTS grow for moisture and plant food. Desert plants a re deep rooted. Plants grown in humid areas have '[ a shallow root system. Oxidation cannot take place when oxygen is excluded from the soil. When soil is saturated with water, air is excluded. When the soil dries during the growing months of the year, oxidation takes place, but the under soil which still holds its water is not penetrated and very little oxidation takes place here. Such a soil is adapted to the growing of shallow rooted plants. Desert areas are being irrigated and planted to orchards because of their great soil depths. Root crops can generaUy be grown on this soil, and alfalfa is one of its best crops. Wheat is also grown with success and the soil is almost inexhaustible. Scientific farmers are learning how to handle the soils of the humid areas. When they plant a tree they blast the hole. Their intertillage is also deep, thus forcing the roots downward and allowing the air to penetrate the soil to a greater depth. Deep plowing and even subsoiling is practiced. The expense of this work may, however, offset the profits to be made, while in the arid regions the lack of nitrogen in available form is the chief drawback. This can be best supplied by the addition of compost or green manure, by cultivation, or by the growing of some legume, such as peas, vetch, clover or beans. ---rw N is the time to cut all hold over blight from your orchards. The knife is the only method yet discovered of eradicating pear blight, and it can be - eradicated only where all the orchardists cut scientifically. The blight starts on the last growth on a pear or where the sap has been exposed by a cut or break in the bark. The limbs that are affected have the appearance of being burnt. All cutting should be done at least one foot below any signs of the blight and the tools well disinfected after each cut. The blight is caused by a microscopic germ which travels in the sap of the tree, and bees or insects may scatter these germs. One should burn all cuttings to avoid this danger. Blight is known to affect apple trees but seldom does much harm and generally stops at the base of the twig. There is danger of the roots becoming affected with the germ where it cannot be controlled. It may go down some water spout. The Ango and Winter Nellies are to some extent blight resisting and Bartletts may be budded to their roots, thus lessening danger of root blight. The japanese root is also blight resisting and will perhaps be used in the near future. Care should always-be taken in the growing of pears not to use an excess of water, which is likely to cause a soft growth. The last growth is the first to become affected and it travels much faster. Keep the wqod as solid as possible. I . .. �Page twenty-two The MAGAZINE SUMMARY Western Comra'de What Jhinkers Think The Substance of Instructive Articles HARPER'S Grammar: The Bane of Boybood.-ln childhood memory and imagination are both very active--analysis, comparison, and abstraction are little developed. Few children understand or remember any of the grammar work they are forced to do. Composition can only be taught f rorh the standpoint that every written exercise involves two personsthe writer and the reader. The child must express his own thoughts to a person who comes within the range of his understanding, i. e., .a nother child. Discard all theories and be only a loving man or woman, working and playing with the child. - Burgess Johnson. Fitting the Man to the Job.-Modern ·efficiency uses every ounce of material and ··all the pig but the squeal," but casts thousands of human beings on the scrap heap as valueless. Each person ''hired and lire~· as inefficient costs the company from $50 to $200 in waste of time and material. This leakage often means the difference between success and failure and incidentally Hoods the country with "floaters." The theory is now gaining repute tha t every person can do something and that it is the most urgent problem of the day to lind each individual his appointed place. Starting with the roughest class of workmen by . studying their respective abilities Ford has nearly doubled the output of his plant.- Burton j. Hendrick. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW The Election and Prohibition.-60 per cent of the population and over 85 per cent of the area of the country are now under prohibition law. There is a strong chance that the party leaders will accomplish the major portion of their program, namely, the submitting of a constitutional amendment to the vote of the sta tes and the enactment of a prohibition measure for the District of Columbia. The President will veto this las t measure unless it is conditional upon a referendum to the people of the national capital. Congress will be largely occupied by "preparedness' measures. but the argument is that prohibition would accomplish a higher degree of preparedness than all the other proposals put together. - L. Ames Brown. Death-doors and Asphodel.-To the pagan death was inevitable and thus to be accepted with calmness and dignity. The Greek clothed it in a form of beauty-asphodel meadows and twilight- a veil to hide its ugliness and a light to illuminate its truth. The medieval mind shuddered before its spectre and bricked up the doors from which the dead had been carried forth. that the Spirit of Death should not be able to re-enter the house. This scientific age experiments with the great mystery. It is true that no sounds have reached us from the beyond that can compare in grandeur and majesty with its unbroken silence, yet echoes reach us which give new meaning to the great research and these echoes of the spirit stir the imagination- they resolve the blackness of death into many hues and qualities of color. -Gertrude E. Slaugh ter. LITERARY DIGEST Railroads Inviting a New Yoke.-Mr. Alfred P. Thorn, counsel fo r the railway executives· advisory committee. gives testimony to the fact that the railroads would welcome the following changes : Assumption of entire power of :egula tion by the National Government Federal Incorporation; the creation of a new national railroad commission, to take the place of the Interstate Commerce Commission; and exclusive power in the Federal Government to supervise iss.ues of railroad securities. The railroads .. accept the view Jhat regulation is a permanent and enduring fact of Government in America," but they wish the regulation to be exercised by one suprem~ authority rather than by forty-nine conflicting o nes. "If something is not done Government ownership will come and Sta te control of all sorts will cease." Feed America First.- There is a strong feeling in favor of embargo measures that would " starve the war and feed America." Of what profit is it if our foreign trade is to grow up by leap~ and bounds .while our people are brought to the verge of starvation by it? However, the embargo would provoke retaliatory measures. We are a t the mercy of Great Britain for supplies of wool and plantation rubber, for example. The high price . of wheat has induced the sowing of winter wheat over the widest possible - ~ area, and al10gether it is an immensely complicated subject and the more it is discussed the slower will Congress be to . act. ' THE FRA A Show-down and a Show-up.-Somebody must evolve a new economic belief, a new fraternal justice for both Capital and Labor. Accept the labor leaders and try to get their view point. Labor whined and. begged for In December Magazines a time and then it got together and organized. ·Now Labor issues orders and Capital will obey those orders more and more from now on. Labor has Capital out-numbered. Competition is a failure and Co-operation comes ! Business is a science, the accumulation of money a disease! -F.Shay. METROPOLITAN What Our Government 0 11ght to Be and Ought to Do.-Because our Legislature is not responsible to the popular will, we have fallen behind England, Germany, and France, and still further in the rear of Australia and New Zealand in onr industrial and social legislation. The idea that the state is solely a political institution is becoming more and more untenable, and when we are confronted after the war with competition from state orgamzed and protected industries of Europe we will have no choice but to either lead the progressive economic movement or to fall in behind it a second rate power.- Eiwood Mead. . Wild Men and Animals.-"ln a truly great horse (or man) there is an a1r of freedom unconquerable. It is the birthright of eagles." Some criminals belong in thi~ class, they are doing wha t they think they have a right to do. Society g•ves them orders to stop. They refuse. We jail them, and stout, well-dressed persons who dodge taxes applaud the proceedings and carefully avoid seeing and knowing what happens after the man is jailed- that he deteriorates morally and physically and is eventually turned out sick and embittered to "start again" in a world where no man will I rust him. and that four or live thousand of such men are turned out every year m the U. S. alone. Thomas Mott Osborne's way is to interest them in learning to play the straight game.-Clarence Day, Jr. THE MASSES Utopian Reality.- People who picture a revolutionary ideal without suggestion of a method of procedure toward the ideal, have a comparatively easy and primitive kind of vision. The democratic idea of progress that comes from pers uading and propagating reasonable ideas is not adapted to the real condihons. The real wond is a world where privilege can ouly be uprooed by power. We o f the masses would like to &ssemble a power that w1ll do somethmg. It IS easy to write reformers' opinions. The difficult thing is to do anything. None of us has tried that.- Max Eastman. Believing in Arbitration on Principle.- lt is supposed that arbitration means the ~ubstitution of reason fo r force. But an award successfully 1mp~sed IS JUSt as much a matter of fo rce as a strike. Strikers by with· holdmg the1r labo r may force an employer to come to their terms. Or an employer by using strike- breakers may do the same. But if an award is opposed to the interests of the workers it is charged with violence even more certainly than the strike. It does not throw b ricks but it does starve out the workers. The only difference in the violence is that the misery is prolonged.-H.M. THE WORLD'S WORK China America's Silent P~rtner.-Chinas nationalism is rapidly becoming real, and they are drawing their political inspiration from us and along repubhcan hnes. They trus t us and are surprised and hurt that we do not give them decisive support, especially with the capital that they must have to develop thei r resources. She wants peace and she wants progress, and m co-opera tion w1th us she can develop into an independenl nation, whereas, left helpless in the hands of the forces which are contending for the control of her enormous assets, she will become a danger in ihe Pacific.- J eremiah W. Jenks. Staving off Old Age.-Act happy and you w1ll become so. Act young and you w1ll remam so. You grow old because you do old things. The body is a complicated machine and should be overhauled at frequent intervals by an expert to be sure that no unnecessary process of wear and tear is going on, and that no diseased condition is being established. Treat the machine intelligently and do not worry. Remember that you do no t clench your hands because you are angry. You are angry because you clench your hands. Act as you would be.-Hawthorne Daniel. CENTURY The Economic Heresy of the Allies.- The recent economic conference of the Allies shows a disastrous a ttitude of fear and passion developed by the war. Their program of boycotting the Central powers after the war would upset the natural balance of economic interaction in such a way as to de~t roy their own interests as well as those of their enemies. Only the steadymg power of concerted achon by the neutrals can avert a condition of chronic economic . warfare.-T. Lothrop Stoddard. ' �The Western WOMEN'S DEPARTMENT • Comrade • Women In Agriculture l- Page twenty-three By M i I d r e d G. B u x t o n - - oME time ago we thought it would be interesting to dinner. Baby goats are the cutest things in the world and write up a little story on what women were doing in calves and colts are a never ending source of delight. I the live stock world. I would advocate a thorough, practical course in agriculture ___ To our great surprise there were no statistics or and animal husbandry for ·every girl as part of her education. real information of any general extent on the subject. Many The agricultural world offers an unlimited field of activity women have taken an interest in live stock for commercial for women. Power driven farm machinery has already rereasons; there are numbers of them now engaged .in the moved the excuse that American women could not do the business of raising blooded horses, cattle, dogs, cats, and tremendous physical work that our sisters in the war-ridden chickens for the market, but only in the case of the chickens countries are doing of necessity. The work would give health, a nd ca ts do we find women doing the actual work connected strength, steady nerves ; all in fact that makes life worth livwith the industry. ing. Nothing is more fascinating that the feel and smell of The same condition exists in agriculture. Many women the newly turned soil and the joy of watching the earth open own beautiful ra nches and homes but most of the work . is with the pressure of the swelling plant, the tiny green shoots turned over to others while the women seek amusement along that soon develop in flowers, fruits and vegetables; the mist other lines- amusement which generally leaves them under the that rises from the tille{earth in early spring-all these wonca re of a nerve specialist. ders combine to make agriculThere is a joke in this too, beture a profession particularly n use we have all known of fitted for women. physicia ns in cases of this kind Steadiiless of eye, nerve, and . to prescribe digging in the soil, brain are characteristic of men making ga rdens, raising flo wwho raise and care for animals I am a woman free. My song ers, a nything to keep them in or who work in the soil. Men Flows from my soul with. pure and joyful strength. the open air a nd in close touch who raise fine animals must It shall be heard through all the noise of thingswith the steadying influence of have self control first of allA song of joy where songs of joy were not. nature. a blow struck in anger or in a My sister singers, singing in the past, One cannot help wondering moment of indignation would Sang s<;>ngs of melody but not of joywhy this is so. S urely there is be fatal in molding the h.abits For woman's name was Sorrow, and the slave nothin g more appealing to the of a good horse, for instance. Is never joyful tho he smiles. feminine na ture tha n a helpless Punctuality and regularity are I a m a woma n free. Too long little a nimal. Even little pigs essential in both these indusI was held captive in the dust. Too long a re a ttractive a nd they can be tries, as only regular feeding, l\1y soul was surfeited with toil or ease made as interestin g and abcleaning, etc., will produce the And rotted as the plaything of a slave. sorbing as any card game or healthy, well nourished animals I am a woman free at last tea table gossip ever was. They that are the prize winners. After the crumbling centuries of time. peg around on their funny little All the attributes mentioned Free to achieve and understand; stiff legs like mechanical toys; are especially needed by woFree to become and live. quickly learn to come when men in their great task of bearcalled, a nd, as in the case of ing and training children. The I am a woman free. With face some I have in mind, a re easily poise and patience that come to Turned toward the sun, I am advancing taught to be cleanly. These those who work with and wait Toward love that is not lust, little ones were always fed on ~ on nature would rouhd out Towa rd work that is not pain, .c haracter and bestow largeness a large white cloth and after Toward home which is the world, and wisdom that would go well that a large dish towel must Toward motherhood which is not forced, with the most important work have looked like dinner to them And toward the man who also must be free. in the world, that which defor they would come running -"A Woman Free and other Poems" by Ruth. volves upon women as the across the floor and smell "Mothers of Men." around it squealing for their SI Song of a Woman Free As It Is " IS the iron immodest when it creeps to the lodestone and clings to its side? Is the hen bird brazen when she flutters to her mate responsive to his compelling woosong? Is the seed immodest when it sinks into the ground and swells with budding life? . Is the cloud bold when it softens into rain and falls, and falls to earth because it has no other choice? Or is it brazen when it nestles for a time on the bosom of heaven's arched dome and sinking to the fathomless depths of a blue black infinity, ceases to be itself? Is the h.uman soul immodest when, drawn by a f~rce it cannot resist, it seeks a stronger soul which absorbs its ego as the blue sky absorbs the floating cloud, as the warm earth swells the seed, as the magnet draws the iron? All these are of one quality. · The iron, the seed, the cloud, and the rain, and the soul of man are what they are, do what they do, love as they love, live as they live, and die as they die, because they must - because they have no other choice." lsn 't this beautiful? �Page twenty-four FICTION The Western Comrade The · Lieutenant- Governor and the Pigtails w! By H e.J en Frances &a sl e y ,---HEN he told Bobby-Ann that, as far as he was con! cerned, she would never grow up, he probably be- l lieved himself, at least he spoke in such a positive I_ _ · manner that his hearers were convinced that he meant what he said. Bobby-Ann's feelings were not the least bit hurt. She had known the Honorable Andy, as she now called him, as far back as she could remember, and she had been told things by him, and had told things to him with such utter frankness for so Ioong, that this seemed a very natural answer to the question she had asked him. In fact it was al.l BobbyAnn's fault. If it had not been her High School graduation, and had not the Honorable Andy been chosen as G>mmencement speaker, the incident would probably never ·have occurred. Of course he had not always been the Honorable Andrew Crawford, a nd it was he who had shortened the name of Roberta Ann to Bobby-Ann. She had been five and he twenty-one when they first met in her Uncle's office where Andy was reading law. He had been merely "Andy" to her then, a nd she adored him, he was the most wonderful playfellow in the world a nd she was disconsolate when he went back to school in the fall. But when he graduated and was admitted to the Ba r, he return ed to practice Law with her Uncle. a nd Bobby-Ann had her playfellow back for a number of yea rs at least. But shortly a fter she entered High School. he had been elec ted Sta te Representative, a nd it was then that Bobby-Ann tacked on "The Honorable." At the close of his term as representa tive he had been offered a pa rtnership in an influential law firm in the Capital city, and eve rythin g pointed to an eminently successful career. Howeve r, he did not forget his friends in the little old home town , nor they him, a nd they were glad indeed that he had been able to accept the classes' in vitation to be their Commencement Day orator. The little town had not outgrown the thrill caused by High School graduation. As an event, it loomed large along with a few other important days and was the first goal of consequence in the lives of the younger generation. The boardine school idea had not yet infected the people and they looked proudly towa rd the day when their boys and girls should re·ceive the diploma a nd full entrance credits to the State University. After it was all over, Bobby-Ann emphatically announced that it was the loveliest commencement ever, the music, the flowers. the girls' dresses, the boys' shiny shoes, and last but not least, the Honorable Andy's address. He had walked home with her, and her Aunt and Uncle were discussing the affair with her. "And you haven't seen me for nearly four years! Don't you think I have grown?" she asked demurely as she rose. still holding the huge bunch of American Beauties which had been his gift to her, and turned slowly so that he might get the entire effect of the extreme height of five feet, two inches, hair done up, and a dress worn an "almost grown up" length. She was an adorable picture as she looked at him over the roses, and waited for his answer. It was then that he told her that to him she would never grow up, never get out of the pig-tail class, but tha t he would always remember her as a little girl. "Never?" she queried, and then she laughed gleefully. "Oh! you Honorable Andy. That doesn't make me feel the least bit bad. For when I get to be really old and feel sort of timid about telling my age, I can just . remember that to one man at least, I shall be like the heroine in 'Silver Threads among the Gold'-always young and fair, you know." "But who said anything about "young and fair," BobbyAnn?" he broke in, ''I'm sure I made no such remark. I might remember you as a snub-nosed, freckle-faced youngster! Somebody has been making complimentary speeches to you! Who is the man?" But instead of telling, Bobby-Ann merely made a face at him, the sort of face that had served as an answer to a good many of his questions ...,.hen she was a tiny girl, and he was more convinced than ever that she would never grow up. "And I'm going to California," she next informed him, "to live with my Aunt Emma in Oakland. And you may never see me again,"-this was said with impressive slowness, "except perhaps if I should find a wife for you. Would you , come then?" It had been one of Bobby-Ann's self-appointed tasks to find Andy a wife, however, so far she had spent very little time, but she felt that she could do her quest more justice when she had more leisure. Andy 'nodded. "Brown eyes," he reminded her. "Oh! I know," she answered quickly and half petulantly. "You've always told me that, only I don't see why you are so crazy about brown eyes." Bobby-Ann's eyes were violets, sometimes, and again bright sapphires, and at night almost black, but never, never, brown. However, Andrew was firm in his requirement, Bobby-Ann need search only among dark-eyed beauties when making a match for him. And she did not resent it in the least that he talked to her as he would have talked to a very small child. He simply wouldn't have been Andy if he had talked in any other way. So he went back to his work and Bobby-Ann went to make her home with her Aunt in California, a place with which she promptly fell in love, with a passionate fondness that children give to a wonderful beautiful big out-doors. And while she was enjoying herself to the utmost, so thoroughly that she forgot how the days had passed, until they mad-: years, Andrew had gotten himself elected Lieutenant Governor, at least Bobby-Ann expressed it that way. The youngest Lieutena nt Governor that the State had ever had. BobbyAnn was so glad that she was homesick. Actually homesick for the first time, and she was just on the road to recovery, when an item in the paper caused a serious relapse. Bobby-Ann always read the papers thoroughly, no notice escaped her, and here in big letters was announced that her State, her very own State, in a very few weeks, was to send a committee to raise the flag on their State building at the Exposition grounds. All of Bobby-Ann's love and enthusiasm for · California did not make her one whit less loyal to her native state, and if there was to be any ceremony, she wanted to be at least a spectator. Perhaps the Honorable Andy would be one of the Committee! She hastened to the desk and began writing. "Dear Honorable Andy," the note ran, "I have just read that you are soon to send some people out here for a patriotic demonstration, in a few weeks, I think. It pleases me beyond words to think that �The Western FICTION Comrade you said that I would never grow out of the pig-tail stage, anyway as far sa you are concerned, and if you are to have anything at all to do with the affair, I may be able to take a real part, for I believe that it is customary to have a small girl in a white dress raise the flag on such occasions. And isn't a luncheon .usually a part of events like that? There are perfectly enchanting places to eat in San Fran cisco, and the view from the Fairmont is gorgeous! "It would be lovely if you were coming. I hope you are, and please, if you are not too busy, may I hear from you soon? "As ever, Bobby-Ann" The letter caused a pleasant interruption in Andrew's routime of work. He read it over several times, it was BobbyAnn from start to finish. Never having been in San Francisco. her remark about the view from the Fairmont seemed irrelevant, however, if he had felt the slightest hesitancy about the matter before, he was convinced now that nothing m:.Jst hinder him from taking that trip, if f0r no other reason than the view from the Fairmont, whatever it was. So his !etter went back promptly. "Dear Bobby-Ann, "It grieves me to tell you that before your letter reached me, the small daughter of the Superintendent of Public Instruction had been chosen to raise the flag at the Exposition Grounds. However, I hope that you will be able to go with me to the ceremony, and afterwards go with me to the luncheon, the place to be selected later. . Our party leaves here a week from next Monday, and that means that I shall hope to find you at home when I call a week from next Wednesday evening. The Flagraising will be on Thursday, but after that, Bobby-Ann, for three days you are to have charge of the program as far as I am concerned. As ever, yours, Andy." Bobby-Ann religiously crossed the days off the calendar after receiving this letter. Never before had she wished time away so recklessly. She could. scarcely wait for the hours to pass. And when Wednesday evening arrived, she dressed herself in her very prettiest dress and tried to wait patiently. She had no idea how pretty she was, her eyes were like stars and her cheeks were like roses. To think that Andy, her old Andy, was coming to call. Yet, when he did arrive, she felt herself enveloped in a sudden shyness. Andy was indeed the same, yet very different, just how she couldn't explain, and she had no way of knowing that he, too, felt the restraint, was in fact largely to blame for it. He had come up the avenue picturing Bobby: · Ann as he had last seen her. But, strange to say, the fo~r yeas since her graduation had made a much greater difference than the four in High School. He had expected to see the girl who couldn't grow up, and here he was talking to an extremely beautiful young person, who did not in the least remind him of pig-tails, although there was still a good deal of the little girl in her sweet, direct gaze, and the same o!d adorable laugh. He told her about the home people and the visit was really a pleasant one, but both were conscious that it lacked something they had· expected. Both felt that they had lost something of the old relationship and neither w&~ sl)re that there would be any other to take its place. Page twenty-6ve That night Bobby-Ann regarded herself forlornly in her mirror as she tned to puzzle it out.. "Perhaps to-morrow will be better,'; she sa:id, "It's just like the newness of seeing each other again away from everybody we know. But he looked at me so queerly, as if-as if-" and then it dawned suddenly Up(;>n her "-as if I were grown up! That's it!" She laughed happily. "Oh! 'you stupid Honorable Andy, you old humbug. You said I could never grow up, but I have, and it bothers you because you can't see what the matter is. To-morrow WILL be better, for I know what's the matter, and maybe you will too." The next day was indeed much better. If Andrew had been surprised the night before, he was dazed the following morning . . But Bobby-Ann was sure of herself. She realized that time makes strange differences, that re-adjustments have to be made, and she could not expect to be just the same little girl, but she could be just as friendly, even though it would be' in a more grown up way. There would never again be days like the old days, but she did not intend to let that spoil the very short visit that Andrew should make. She had thought it all out. Andrew, however, was slower in re-arranging his ideas. The little girl who had been chosen to raise the flag helped the matter along somewhat. After . her first glance at Bobby-Ann, she sidled up to Andrew and asked in a timid whisper, "Please, who is that awfully pretty lady?" " Pretty lady ?--oh-er-where ?" and when she indicated Bobby-Ann, he drew himself up sharply. "Pretty lady!" That was it. Bobby-Ann was no longer a little girl. He felt very much as if he had discovered something of vast importance to the world at large. He had once stupidly doomed this sparkling creature to everlasting childhood, but she had escaped his cruel enchantment and was, as the little girl had called her, the awfully pretty lady. Bobby-Ann was frankly delighted with the other members of the party and they in tur.n were charmed with her. The beautiful solemn ceremony took a very short time and yet, brief as it was, it was something that none of them would ever forget, especially Bobby-Ann. It seemed to her as if they, herself included, were promising, each and every one of them, to give these energetic, enthusiaistic Californians their most loyal support and earnest effort to make their state exhibit worthy of the place that had been given it in this wonderful Exposition. The luncheon was all that could be desired, it. was indeed a gay party, and Andrew was delighted with Bobby-Ann'~ selfpossession. She was seated between one of the State party and one of the officials of the Exposition, and Andrew could catch fragments of the conversation. There was a charming deference in her manner toward these older men, yet it was very evident that they were finding her a clever conversa~ tionalist, with ideas that were very much worth while. He couldn't help being proud of her, this pretty clever lady. Finally the party divided itself into little groups to see various parts of the city and Andrew was realizing what BobbyAnn had meant by the vie~ from the Fairmont. "Isn't it wonderfully beautiful?" she asked, and Andrew agreed, although he was looking at her . instead of out over the bay. But Bobby-Ann, unconscious of his meaning, went on "There were so many places to see when I first came. I think I felt very much as children would feel if they could visit fairy-land." She was -quite unconscious of her use of the word "child" but Andrew noted it mentally. She was indeed grown up when she looked back upon fairy-land days as a t;me long past. (Continued on Page twenty-nine) - �ARTS AND MUSIC Page twenty-six The Socialist City r ; , . I f"odam<ntol p<ioo;plo of tho soc;.J;,, Ci\Y to make the largest possible use of every mechanical means of saving labor. In Llano we expect to heat, 'light, and clean the city, cook, and run all our mach_inery, by electricity. In addition to thes~ improv~ments which are being introduced everywhere, our ctty plan IS based ?~ a centralized underground delivery system, run by electnctty, which will eliminate all surface transportation of parcels and commodities except such heavy and bulky articles as furniture and machinery. This a rrangement combined with th~ fact that Llano will be built systematically, with no waste spaces and no land being held for speculation and that consequently there will be no long distances to traverse and no necessity for the ordinary transportation services, will mak-e it possible to park all our streets except two or three main thoroughfares, laying double tracks of concrete eighteen inches wide through the lawns and sh rubbery in such a way as to give access to the houses. Most of the streets marked as such on the plan will be handled in this way. All the citizens of Llano expect to own cars, but these will be kept in community garages at the intersections of the streets, thus giving each individual the benefit of the equipment necessary to keep his car in perfect order with the least possible expense. Each car will have its locked stall, thus interfering with any playful attempts to increase its mileage during the owner's absence. The principal problem that confronts Civic Improvement Societies all over America- the backyard- will be largely eliminated in Llano. Anyone who has watched the struggle of the City F~thers in his community to improve the appearance of the ordinary city lot, first by offering prizes for the best-kept ga rden lot, then when this fails, by attempting to fine the careless, overworked, or absentee land-holders, will appreciate the importance of this reform. The truth is that a man who has been working all day rarely wishes to dig in the garden all evening, and the woman of the household rarely has the strength to do it. The result is that the best intentioned city ordinances inevitably fail in achieving results, and the only gardens that are kept up are those which are in charge of a paid gardener. In Llano each house will have a private garde n, thirty-five by twenty-two feet, but both house and garden will lie between two parks, kept up of course by the community as a whole. The private garden will offer unlimited opportunity for the owner to exercise his taste and originality. If he does not like gardening, he may put in a formal garden with massed shrubbery, narrow paths and fountains, such as have been so beautifully developed in lta:ly and Spain. A woman who loves flowers can have a constantly varying carpet of bright-toned annuals, and the handling of such a medium sized plot will not tax her strength. Those who like to combine utility with beauty can try using vegetables in ribbon gardening, with flowers introduced to heighten the effect. Remarkable results can be attained in this way, and it is a really desirable idea where one is dependent on the very unsatisfactory marketing customs of ordinary city conditions. But in Llano vegetables raised by your own hand in your own garden within your house will not be any fresher than those raised in your own garden at the city limits, in which you can also work yourself if your abilities lie that way. Others may like lawn effects, or a water garden, or a graveled yard set in climbing plants, or a desert garden of aromatic plants and cactus. Some will perhaps combine all these T h e W e s I e r n C o m r a d"e By A. Constance Austin features, and finally some blocks in the city will be cut up into front and back yards for the benefit of the conventionally minded. Every type of mind should be free to express itself in the Socialist City. Each room in the house will open by French windows into the private garden, but all other windows open on the parks, as each row of houses lies between two parks. There are very carefully worked out plans for these as they are the fundamental feature of the city. It is difficult to think of a town without waste spaces and long expanses of dusty streets, but this city will be literally all garden, except for the ground actually built upon. The homes back up against one another with a sound proof wall between, but the .nearest house that you can see from any window (except at corners) will be forty feet away. The side of the house fronting on this strip of parking will include the staircase, the back of the dining room, and one side bedroom window. The main windows of the bedroom as well as those of the dining room, open on the private garden. On the other side the houses will be from two to four hundred and fifty feet apart, and with careful planting it will not be diffi"tult to arra nge so that no other house will be visible from the ground floor. This idea will be borne in mind in setting out the trees, though it will not be necessary to stick to it slavishly, as the houses will be pretty enough to add to the beauty o.f the view instead of detracting from it. It is not planned to have large bluegrass lawns, as they are not adapted to this country and rarely le>ok thrifty, smooth, and even. There will be a good deal of shrubbery and expanses of other kinds of ground cover suc.h as periwinkle, ivy, lippia, Siberian strawberry, sedum, and some native plants. There will be swimming pools in the parks, and little rustic amphitheatres where a few neighbors may gather for a reading or a little music; bird refuges and tennis courts, and always a quiet cool pergola over the sidewalk leading to the Civic Center. The most distant house in the City. planned for from ten to fifteen thousand inhabitants, will be only one-half mile from this general rendezvous, where all the business activities and the social life of the community will center, and that walk will be through a park and under a pergola all the way. The turning the streets into parkways was chiefly decided on to get rid of the glare a nd dust, which are the obverse of the glorious sunshine and the absence of fog and rain which are among the privileges we come here to enjoy. It is also proposed not to use the custo'11arv street numbers, but an address will read, Mrs. ]. Smith, Matilija Park, Llano. One circle of parks will be named after local plants, another after the great servants of humanity, etc. As there are a great number of these little parks it will be desirable to introduce into them as much variety as possible. A very beautiful effect could be created by selecting only silver toned fol iage for one of them. Another could be dedicated to desert plants. Yellow, blue or red color schemes could be worked out, and a park could be one color in the spring and another in the fall. The little parks between the buildings of the Civic Center will be worked out on modified Japanese lines, and the open space between the two circles of public buildings should be planted in lawns and low shrubbery with fountains a nd still water. Mention should also be made of the race-course around the outside of the town which of course will be framed in foliage and supplied with permanent seating facilities. �The Western Comrade THERAPEUTICS Our Homes -- - CASUAL glance at the economic evolution • of the · last half century gives one the · impression that "homes," as many of us still know them, are in process of extinction, and in their place is appearing the tenement, the apartment house, and the "jungle" of the migratory workers. The country home with its romantic charm, its peace and quiet, its mighty trees, its broad fields, its cackling geese and bleating lambs, its fragrant flowers, and wholesgme toil-hardened sons and daughters, is fast dying out. Land prices have climbed beyond the reach of the younger generation. A job awaits only the strongest of arm and brain. A job in an office or mill, a factory or a mine, and on a modern farm. I say "modern," for the character of the farm has changed. It is no longer the old homestead with its neighborly help at harvest time; The genial co-operation of the log rolling, barn raising, corn husking, or quilting bees-where harvesting and threshing were a neighborhood feast, where simple souls rejoiced in nature's bounty and hearts were warm with the wine of helpfulness. The old farm neighborhood is passing away. Farming is carried on on a large scale. The bunk house has destroyed the old time hospitality. Capitalism has set enmity between the land man and the worker. The class war of mine and shop has invaded the fields green and golden. The hatred born of exploitation has penetrated even the quietude of the meadows. Imported seasonal labor needed in this age of privately owned machine agriculture creates tbe bundle carrying worker. He carries his bed from bunk house to bunk house for a pitiful wage, when the shortness of the season is measured by the length of the year. The migratory worker silently proclaims to the world the death of our present social order. He indicts capitalism as the arch enemy of the home as enjoyed by our fathers. To a person who studies social statistics the rapidity of this extinction is indeed appalling. Soon we will be a nation of renters, and wanderers. A homeless nation, with no place to lay its head. This is not a dream. It .is a condition-a condition that cannot be remedied by endeavors to restore the old. We cannot unlock the gates of the evening and bring back yesterday. The domestic order is dying and there is no remedy for death. But nature never despairs. She is evolving a new order from the ruins of the old, not through our conscious efforts, but in spite of them. The apartment house, together with the delicatessen, laundry, restaurant, and other municipalized domestic conveniences, points to a new order. Where man and wife may both take part in active social labor, where both may function in the general organization of society. Where both may live the life of the new age. The new age will socialize the domestic labors, in spite of all our protest. The new age will do away with the drudgery of broom, mop and kitchen. The new age will break man's tyranny over woman by making her economically independent. It will ultimately destroy that most unfortunate social victim-the female parasite, the human doll, the legalized mistress-kept to advertise a man's ability in the commercial game. The new age will not, as some say( degrade, but rather it will liberate and glorify, the womanhood· of the world, and through this it will beautify the soul of all. It is well to have the vision of the new age-it makes for optimism. To understand lhe evolutionary trend of things, lights the Page twenty-seven By D r. J o h n D e q u e r fires of hope on the shores of life. Knowledge and understanding are the foes of pessimism. Pessimism is the harbinger of death-,-optimism is the activity of life. Pessimism is the old seeking for the fountain of youth; optimism is life renewing itself from the organism of the old; optimism is the smile · from the cradle-pessimism is a groan from the grave. The old order of society is no longer able to meet modern requirements. It is unacclimated to machine industry. The new order of society must meet the modern requirements of life. It must meet the new ideals that spring therefrom. The home for the skilled laborer, the office worker, the salaried and professional man is in a state of rapid transition. Doctors, lawyers, engineers, mechanics of the better paid class, are leaving the cottage for the apartment. The laborer sinks down into the tenement. Here pe festers in a hotbed of physical and social disease. Here his cry moves some to pity and some to dread, but all to shame. The tenement is a token of a seriously disturbed social ~ondition. Yet it has behind it the forces that make for a ge_neral transition. Man must be near the place of his employment. His employment is social. -The requirements of machine industry make it so. He does not dwell in slums because he loves to degrade himself. He goes there because the work for which he is intellectually and physically fitted forces him there. The factory employs thousands of people, often under one roof. They must be housed accessible to their place of work. Herein lies the problem of cheap housing, for the work done by those myriads of human beings is paid with the most pitiful wages. Hence their purchasing power is low, and the conditions of their home life must necessarily conform to their power of purchase. On the other hand the apartments for the better paid are developing continually in comfort, healthfulness and beauty, foreshadowing the life that is to be. So much for the drift of society in a given direction. Let us now review what we are doing to meet this conditio1,1 on the Llano. Here we are endeavoring to subdue the machine to social service. Here we eliminate the fence from agriculture. Here we abolish the sweat shop, here we use our every wit to humanize industry. Here we are about to build a city with neither palace nor hut-without mansions or slums. Here we build in and for social equality. .Here we also build for beauty, for health and ~omfort. The home is of course more than a house, even as man is more than a body. The home is the human nest. It has physical and spiritual signific,.nce. On the physical side it is the shelter under which mall abides and rears his offspring. The home must therefore be constructed with due regard to the requirements ·of health. It must admit an abundance of air and sunlight. In Llano we are consciously working toward this ideal. The l~tundry is banishing. the wash tub. The steam saw takes th" place of the buck saw. A commercial bakery saves the family baking. Municipal kitchens will in time do away with home cooking. Already the Montessori school takes care of the little ones, and the mothers who erstwhile knew only the home are seen in creamery. studio, office, school and library-doing social work and developing social ideals. As the domestic drudgery is taken out of the home life, the spiritual side of the home begins to develop in greater beauty. The mother loses the character of cook, and becomes the comrade in harness with her husband. The "I keep you·· idea passes away, and the more glorious ideal of "we w~lk the path of life .togethe(n t~k~~ h.<?!d of the heart and bram. �The Page twenty-eight Western Comrade Schmidt .Case Testimony ~T I - HE issue of wages and hours is the point . at which the line of every great industrial battle is drawn. The hosts seeking profits are arrayed on one side of ___ the wages and hours line, and the hosts of bread winners on the other. In this great industrial battle in theEast, the Steel Trust together with the Erectors' Association were struggling to force wages down and the hours up. This is the line of battle and the prosecution may as well face the fact. Equivocation will not avail them. This prosecution is not conducted, as they would lead you to believe, for the purpose of convicting a few so-called conspirators. This prosecution is conducted for the purpose of undermining the union labor movement of America. ~ You men of the jury must admit that the labor unions are the only power that now stands between the weak and helpless individual and the billion dollar steel trust together with the powerful Erectors' Association. Disband the labor organizations or conduct the open shop, which is the equivalent, and you open the way for greed to affiict this country with a terrible disaster that means poverty and ignorance and corruption and despair. Yet the Steel Trust commanded the steel erecting and construction companies of the United States to pass and enforce with all their power a resolution-that is, to enter into and enforce a mutual agreement-that they, or any one of them, would not deal, directly or indirectly, with the labor union; that they would only hire men as they came; that insofar as they were conce-rned there should be no labor unions; that there should he no organized power to fight to better working conditions. Only the individual man, standing alone, shall have the privilege of selling himself at whatever price those who wish to buy shall place upon him. That his poverty and degradation shall be measured by the greed of the powerful, and that the luxuries of the powerful shall be limited only by their temptations. That this is the ripe fruit of an open shop system there can be no doubt. That the destruction of the labor unions and the establishment of the open shop is the purpose of this prosecution, and not the prosecution of a few so-called conspirators, there can be no question. Time and time again it was testified upon this stand by members of the Erectors' Association that they would not deal with labor organizations; that they all ran an open shop; that they would not even negotiate nor confer with labor organizations; that they had not dealt with labor organizations since 1906; that since the year 1906 they only hired and dealt with laborers individually. Notwithstanding the long and bitter struggle previous to this strike, there was never any violence committed until ;~fter this soulless resolution was passed in 1906. No violence until the ~reedy corporations endeavored to d~al the death blow to the International Bridge and Structural Iron Workers. There were four of these felons employed or in some way bribed or induced by the state to testify for the prosecution. There was Dugan of Indianapolis, Davis of Massachusetts, Clark of Cincinnati, and McManigal. These principal witnesses for the state were all guilty of felonies, some guilty of capital crimes, each endeavoring to perjure this defendant's life awav for his own liberty. Shall I say perjury? Yes, perjury. It is easy to say perjury. It was easy for the District Attorney to scream perjury, which he did, but he showed no instance, I shall not only ii~~ys~ them of perjury, but I shall let the poisoned statements that fell from their putrid lips, tum like the serpents they are, and sink their poisoned fangs in the very hearts of their testimony. Let us con ider first the 'testimony of the felon Clark of Cincinnati, Clark of Goosetown fame. Clark who stealthily went to Goosetown and met a man with a basket full of dynamite; twenty pounds of eighty percent nitroglycerine! How remarkable; just the amount and just the percent that the prosecution would have you believe was placed in the Times building. He told you that there were about twenty sticks weighing about one pound each; that they laid in his little basket without wrappers and did not mash or run together during the entire trip from Goosetown to Cincinnati, and from Cincinnati to Dayton, Ohio. Eighty P.ercent nitroglycerine, in sticks, put out by the manufacturer without wrappers, and carried in a warm car for hours without running together! What a statement! It would tax the ignorance of a mule, and the credulity of a simpleton to believe it. One hundred percent is oil. Eighty percent is soft and mushy. But listen! He took this mushy stuff and kept it all night in his horne in Cincinnati and picked it up stick by stick, and gently laid it in his valise and inserted a concussion cap, according to instructions, he never having performed such a feat before; and then attached sixty feet of fuse, closed the valise, and took the first passenger train to Dayton to do his deadly work. Do you remember the terrible havoc and the fearful wreck produced by this infernal machine? Listen! It was raining on that fatal night when he stealthily stole his way through the sleeping, peaceful city of Dayton, to River Bridge and thence to the engine and crane, where this felon placed his infernal machine. Down close under the shoe of the derrick the dynamite was pressed and over it was placed, close and snug, an umbrella, to shed the drenching rain that nothing might interfere with the deadly work. The fuse was lighted and the perjured villain found his way to the streets of the city and there waited that he might hear the terrible crash and know his work was well done. The devilish sound of twenty pounds of eighty percent nitroglycerine came crashing and roaring through the streets and lo! it only blew off the skin of this umbrella. Look at it' The cloth is gone hut not a wire is bent or twisted. The enamel is not even disturbed. Look at it! See the handle! It escaped scot free. Not a crack or scratch on it. Ah! His initials that he carved on the handle before he placed it over this terrible infernal machine. are likewise undisturbed. Look at them! Placed there to tell who was guilty of the crime. He was not arrested, nor was the crane broken, nor any damage of any consequence done. And for this reason this perjured felon says he was not permitted to continue the work of destruction. Again I beseech you to inspect this umbrella. See the ribs and stays and the handle and the staff unbroken and in perfect form and shape. You, gentlemen of the jury. know that this umbrella is telling you the truth. Every rib and every stay tells you in no uncertain terms that the felon Clark is a villainous perjurer. They tell :vou that Clark never placed dynamite under the crane on the Dayton bridge. !Taken from fob Harriman's address lo the jury al the conclusion of the Schmidt trial. The entir~ address, one of the most remarkable ever made. has been compiled to be printed under the captio!l "Wa• Schmidt Guilty?" Schmidt was convicted of dynamiting the Los Angeleo Timeo and is qf)W in the Los Angeles County jail.) �The We s tern Comrade Page twenty-nine The Lieut.- Governor and the Pigtails Contest News {Continued from Page twenty-five} "But, oh Andy!" she went on with a ~mile, "please don't think I've played all the time. I've really been busy. There was my music, you know. I've kept that up and Aunt Emma has proven to be a splendid teacher of domestic science. Part of the time I have full charge of the house, and it is such fun. So altogether I've had a grand good time in this beautiful country." "You really like it better than any other place then?" Andrew asked. There was a curious lifelessness in his tone, he seemed anxious for her a nswer, yet fearful of what it might be, "I can't tell anyone how I love it," she replied "but the feeling comes up in my throat and chokes me. Sometimes when I look over these wonderful cities and then across the bay I just want to sho ut. I wan t to tell people that they don't half realize the beautiful things about them. There are so many places I want you to see, we are -going to have to hurry to crowd them all in. I wish you were going to stay a long time, don't you , Andy?" Again he agreed, watching her intently. She smiled slowly. "For then you could meet Alice Wayne. She went to Los Angeles last Monday , and won't be home for nearly a month, but she has brown eyes." "Brown eyes ?" Andrew queried vaguely. "Yes. You know you said you preferred them . And I picked her out for you as soon as I heard you were really comi ng, only she had to go before you came. I think Fate was ve ry unkind to you ." Sh(; was not looking at him and she did not see the sudden tightening of his mouth . Was she purposely spoiling things for him? He realized that he had bee n building air castles, fragile structures that can be toppl ed over by a word. When he spoke his voice so unded tired and st rained. "Please don't play a t that any more, Bobby-Ann" he said, "It was only a joke in the beginning. but it doesn't amuse me this mornin g. For a long time I've been remembering a little playm ate I used to have. I really didn't think she could ever grow up. to me, but she has, and what is more , she has always had my heart. but I didn 't know it until lqst ni ght. I know I've grown rather dull, but there must be something besides just the ci ty and bay and hills to make you love it so out here. an d to find housekeeping so pleasant. There must be so me tremendou sly lucky chap who probably doesn't half realize his good fo rtun e. Bobby-An n, I suppose you would neve r go back with me. even tho:J gh I love you better tha n all the rest of th e world?'' Bobby-Ann flu shed. amazement, incredulity a nd wonderful joy flashed over her face, and th ere was somethin g very like tears in her eyes, but she held out both hu. nds to him as she a nswered him simpl y, a littl e sob in her voice. "Oh, Andy!" she said, "I do lo ve it here, it is so wonderful, but even that doesn't count with you away back th ere. There isn't or hasn't been anyone else and I guess I like to keep house because I was born that way! I've been lo ving you always, better than anyone else in the world. <:nd last night I began hoping that you would see that I had grown up." --o"jusl read th rough, from cover lo cover, the December COMRADE. and must say it i~ the best yet . Eevery department is strong and you will get result s from it, I am ce rtain, and I am sure the J anu ary number will be just as good, a• the subjecls you expec t lo cover are of such vital interest. WALTER HUGGINS. Chicago. The Grand Circulation Membership ·Contest being held by the Westel'!l Comrade and the Llano Colonist has more than 110 contestants. · There is still plenty of time to enter as it does not close until July 1, and every entrant who sends in ten or more subscriptions will receive some sort of premium. Every letter breathes enthusiasm. People everywhere are ready for the message of "Co-operation in Action." It is no criticism of the Socialist Pa rty that the vote has fallen off ; but contest workers should make use of this fact. People are all the more eager to learn of what co-operation will accomplish. They see that winning by the ballot alone is further off than they had thought. It will require other means. The co-operative fi eld has been neglected in America. Socialists are just beginning to wake up to this facl. The Western Comrade and the Llano Colonist are the publications which tell the story of the greatest co-operative demonstration in the wo rld. And ' that is why EVERY socialist should be reading them. One man in San F rancisco, through the mistake of the pos tman, haJ a copy of the Colonist put in his mail box. He became interested, visited the Colony, and is now a member. That happened within lwG weeks after the postman's lucky mistake. A letter received the other day read " . . Over the shoulder of the man in front of me in a street car. I only go t the name of the Western Comrade, Llano, Cal., bu t it is the paper I want lo read." Another writes, "I saw a stray copy; it is the paper for me." These are not just ex trao rdinary examples. Every day such letters are received by the editors of the COMRADE. They show how people are thirsting for the message of co-operation in ac tion . Let's all work together lo make the February record double the January one. Don't let a single one gel away. Get him for eight weeks to the COLONIST anyway. That will be enough. Keep his expiration date and call on him at the end of that time. He'll be ready lo subscribe fo r both then. Experience has thown thai. See if you can send in al least two a week in February, eight in all. That will mean 900 new readers becoming interested in "Co-operation in Action," prac tical Socialists when they have read abo ut the Colony for a few weeks. Our Mail Bag "Dear Comrades: I am enjoying the COLONIST immensely and look forward to the time when we will have a powerful daily newspaper for I. .J., Montana. Socialism and Co-operation. "Dear Comrades: . . . The COLONIST is read with much interest, and the reading makes me impat ient lo be with you, and lend a helping hand to ge l the productive work done at the proper time for best results. Soon yo u must talk in "sections' instead of 'acres' or •quarters' and 1 notice you talk in 'tons' no winstead of 'pounds' or 'hundreds.' I have been talking Colony lo many, and I am kepi busy answerin~ questions. When the thick of the fall work is done, · I shall devote some time to WGrking for Llano. Hoping everyhing is moving along smoothly. I a m Yours for a perfect environment, B. R. S. WHAT AN ABSENT MEMBER WRITES "Everybody is lugging for the almighty dollar. Nobody has time to look a ft er the welfare of his neighbor, or anything but work- work. I work from 5 a.m. lo 8 p.m. I can't see any way ou t of it as long as I slay here. I hope we will not have lo slay here longer than spring. From what I see in the LLANO COLONIST you are gelling along fine. wish everybody had grit and slaying qualities. . . . I am proud of the workers and boosters for Llano. 'Wllen I am asked abo ut the people of the Colony, I answer 'The best that can be found. Good enou ~h for the best man or woman who is living lo live .John Price." among!' Please Vote on This I Dear Reader: We want you lo write us a leiter of 100 words or lesa giving your preference of the articles contained in this and other numbers of the WESTERN COMRADE. Please slate whether you are a regular reader or a casual reader of this magazine. Stale which articles or aeries of articles you like best, which is your second choice, and mention others in the order you favor them. Tell why you read the magazine, how long yo u have been a reader. The editors will greatly appreciate this favor. Your leiter will not be published if otherwise requested. Fraternally yours, THE WESTERN COMRADE. Llano, California. �Installment Members: The LLANO DEL RIO COLONY is in the m:rket for figs, prunes, peaches, raisins, etc. You can a~sist in putting us in touch with those who have them. (j[ The LLANO DEL RIO COLONY is at present in need of 10 Tons of Alfalfa Seed A Carload of Wheat Dairy Cows and Range Stock Angora and Milk Goats Tanning Outfit Contracts to put up Alfalfa on Shares Many Other Things. (j[ We are now in a position to mqkc immediate use of many articles and machines which have not been practicable for us heretofore. (j[ You are invited to correspond in regard to the needs listed above. LLANO DEL RIO COLONY. LLANO CAL. Comrade and Colonist Clubs LLANO COLONIST................................................SOc WESTERN COMRADE..........................................SOc BOTH FOR. .................................................75c f] COMRADE or COLONIST with your choice of The National Rip Saw or the American Socialist, 75c (j[ Peanon's Magazine with the COMRADE OR COLONIST, $1.75; All Three for $2.00. (j[ I.LANO COLONIST or WESTERN COMRADE for One Year, with One Year's Subscription to theRegular Our Price Price Appeal to Reason $1.50 $1.25 Milwaukee Leader 4.50....4.25 Masses 2.00 1.75 Inter. Soc. Review 1.50 1.25 Union Star 1.50 1.25 Regular Our Price Price N.Y. Call (daily) 3.50 3.25 N. Y. Call (Sun.) 2.50 2.25 Call,daily and Sunday with Comrade and Colonist ........................ 6.00 ' 5.25 (j[ Add 25c to any of the above clubs for BOTH the COMRADE AND the COLONIST. (j[ Add 35c to any combination less than $1.00, or 25c to any of $1 or over, and receive a SOc Statuette of HENRY DUBB with his "Llano Smile." NOTE : These rates subject lo change at any tin1e without notice. NOTE: Add 25c lo each monthly, and SOc to each weekly New Rugs from Old Carpets (j[ Don't throw your old carpets away-they are still good. Have new rugs made from them, beautiful and durable rugs. Old Chenille Curtains and table covers can also be used in Llano Rewoven Rugs (j[ Old Ingrain, Brussels, Moquette and Velvet rugs or carpels can be re-woven into rugs suitable for any home. (j[ Rag Carpels, Rugs, and Art Squares also woven, every size and style.. Ask about beautiful LLANO POSTER RUGS (j[ Write for prices. We pay frei ght one way !50 miles on orders of $5.00 or up. Shi.p Direct to the Rug Department LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY, PALMDALE, CAL. C OMRADES and Friends of the Llano del Rio Community _can be of great assistance if they will send to the Membership Department lists of names of persons who are likely to become interested. Literature and letters will be sent to anyone upon request. Installment members are urged to give this their attention. CLASSIFIED ADS Space in this column: Twenty 6ve cents a line, payable in advance. WANTED - CAMERAS. THE WESTERN COMRADE WOULD LIKE lo gel in touch with someone having a good came ra. Write to the Western Comrade at Llano, California. FOR SALE.- BREEDING RABBITS. BELGIANS. NEW ZEALANDS. AND Flemish Giant.. We can supply all ages up lo eight months. For further information address Rabbit Department, Llano del Rio Colony, Llano, Cal. public;otion if it is to be sent outside the United Stales. Photo Post Card Views of Llano The WESTERN COMRADE has secured some magnificent views of Llano and her industries which have been made up into postcards. Some of them have appeared in the WESTERN COMRADE, but most of them have just been taken especially for postcards. Included in the list are: View from hotel, looking south' .;mo kiln (two) Hotel. looking east ootball team The damsile P:gs and p ens Chickens and turkeys D.• iry barn Mountain s tream and o myon North section of Llar.o Sawmill (different views) l.lano boulevard Bird's eye view of Llano Swimming ponl Rabbitry ( several views) Rakery lrrigatiori scene l'lnnery Livestock Various Llano products. Mountains Cows Woods Indust rial school Industrial scenes Montessori school Alfalfa fields Many o ther a ssorted cards. r The rate is 5 cents each or 55 cents a dozen. We pay postage. Every person interested in Llano should have a dozen of these cards. Send your orders direct to THE WESTERN COMRADE, LLANO, CAL. CARTOONING TAUGHT SUCCESSFULLY BY MAIL If you like to draw, you are holding talent in check, when the output of a lillie time al small expense will enable you to EARN MONEY. We are successfully teaching o thers, why not YOU? Send sltetch and five cents in stamps for illus trated bookle t and list of successful students. LOS ANGELES SCHOOL OF CARTOONING 415C THORPE BLDG, LOS ANGELES, CAL. �You Can Still Enter IN THE GRAND MEMBERSHIP CIRCULATION CONTEST FOR THE Free Membership in the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony, and the other premiums, which aggregate more than $2000 TO BE GIVEN FREE Every contestant who sends m ten or more subscriptions recetves a premmm. FIRST PRIZE $1,000 Membership in-the Llano del Rio Colony SECOND PRIZE $500 worth of Llano del Rio Stock THIRD PRIZE $200 worth of Llano del Rio Stock FOURTH PRIZE $100 worth of Llano del Rio Stock NEXT FOUR PRIZES $50 worth of Llano del Rio Stock OVER 25 SUBS Your Choice of a variety of Llano P1oducts 15 TO 25 SUBS A Henry Dubb Statuette and a Copy of "Was Schmidt Guilty?" 10 TO 15 SUBS A Henry Dubb Statuette Enough have now entered the contest so that it is to be held. Already many have sent in good lists of subscriptions. You can still enter and win a premium. Remember, every person who sends in ten subscriptions of one year each receives a premium of some kind. Send for list of rules and details. Besides, you are helping to spread the propaganda of "Co-operation in Action." You can get some readers for the Llano publications, no matter where you live. Send in the contest form at once, properly filled out, and let us send you full information, together with receipts, litera ture, samples, and return en- • velopes. Go to work today. There is still plenty of time. -----------·-----~--- --- --------- -------- --- --- -·--- (Cut Out and Mail to Us At Once) ..................................................... The CONTEST EDITOR, Llano Publications : I wish to enroll as a contestant in the GRAND MEMBERSHIP CIRCULATION CONTEST. Please send me full information. Name·- ---------------·---------·---·····--··---------·······-····-····-···-······-···--··· State _________________ _____ _____________ _ City................................................. . Street or R. F. 0.: ............................................................... or P. 0. Box ........................................................... . REDUCE "WEIGI-l'r! Send For This Successful Treatment "Obesity---Its Cause and Correction" C]l One user of this treatment reduced from 1.50 pounds to 117 pounds and found improved health. Many others have used it with satisfactory results. J NO MEDICINES OR DRUGS USED Complete $5.00 Course Now Only $3.00 because there is no rent to pay at Llano. For full information write to Mn. C. M. Williams, Llano, Cal Home A 2003 A. J. STEVENS DENTIST 306 Solith Broadway, Los Angeles, Cal. Room 514 Telephone Home A-4533 HARRIMAN & LEVIN AUomeys at Law 921 Higgins BuiklinK Los AnKeles. Cal. �Are YOu S·atisfied? Is Your Job Secure? Are You Protected against Accident? Is Your Life and Health Insured? Are your Children in a Good Environment? Has Your Position Any Future? Join the 1000 WHO ARE MAK I NG THE LLANO DEL RIO CO - OPERATIVE COLONY THE T HE GREATEST S0 U NDES T SUCCESS AND 8 US INESS V E N- TUREYOUHAVEEVERHEARDO~ Invest 75 Cents in news and information concerning the progress of the Llano Community. THE WESTERN COMRADE and THE LLANO COLONIST ·1he WESTEI~N COMRADE with its illustra- tions a nd articlt:s o n the devdo;Jmc nl of this ~rea l projec t. and the LL<\NO COLONIST with its weekly news of the de tail s. weat her repo rt s. managers' rcpur ts, and social ac tiv ities, are immen sely interesting to every person who ts i n tt~rt's tcd in co-opera tion. SOc a year each- 75c for both (Prices to be raised soon) You ca n become a n instalment member at once. A membership in the Llano del Rio Co-operativ~ Community means identifying yourself with the grea test and most successful project of its kind in the world. Two score of industries are being carried on cooperatively, owned completely a nd fully con tro lled by the residents of Lla no. Orchards and vineyards, gardens and alfalfa ftelds, nurseries a nd ranges a re owned. A laundry, m ~ch i nc shop, planing mill , sawmill, commissa ry, printing pla nt, two publicat ions, ca nne ry, irrigation sys tem, tra nsportation system, d a iry, poultry ya rds, hogs, horses. goats, rabbits, ru g works. blacksmith shop, w:: rchouse, shoe shop, Industria l an:l Montesso ri sc' .o ,J and many other minor t~~oush import ·11~ t ind ~t s tr -c -; arc owned and co:Jtrol' cd by the me:nbers of t 1:e Llano del Rio Co-ope rat ive Colony. They enjoy the benefit s. The re is no limit I 1 the development of this projec t. Plan j n r~ be: n:; prepa red for a city of te n thousand. Why not join your comrades? Are n 't you tird enough of the struggle? Why not prospe r with your friends a nd brothers? Find out a ll a bout it and arrange to become a member at once. Send For Full Information and Application Blank Uano del Rio Co-operative Colony LLANO, CALIFORNIA � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1917-01 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Description An account of the resource Agricultural and Horticultural Number Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-01 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v04n09_191701 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-31 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v04n09 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Something New in the Progress of the Socialist Movement by Job Harriman Scenery About Llano by R.K. Williams Declaration of Industrial Independence by Clinton Bancroft Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/dd4062b71bde1e38cebf2e0c1db7167b.pdf b7683c01a80b979cf507aa539fb27098 PDF Text Text . December 1916 . \ ·, �The Gateway To Freedom Through Co-operative Action T HE LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY is situated in · the beautiful Antelope .valley in Los An~eles County, California. The Colony hes close to the S1erra Madre range where an abundance of clear, sparkling water from mountam springs is sufficient to. irrigate thousan.ds of . fertile acres. The climate 1s mild and dehghtful, the s01l 1s ferhle, and markets are not far distant. · The Llano del Rio Colony is a horticultural, agricultural, and stock-raising enterprise, with such manufacturing as will s_upply the needs of the colonists, with perhaps somethmg to sell when the Colony has grown. LLANO OFFERS YOU ESCAPE FROT\1 T HE clectric light bill •. the water bi~l. the doctor'~ bill, the d:u~ bilr."'lhe telephone b1ll, the gas b1ll, the coal b1ll: the denhs.t s bill. the school book supplies bill, the sewer assessment b1ll, · nd car fare, the annoyance of the back door peddler and beggar (Henry Dubbs who thi11k the trouble is individual hard luck) , •he hundred and one greater and smaller burdens on the house' older, and the lean weeks caused by disemployment and· the con· ·,equent fear of the future. There is no landlord and no rent is charged. While they are charged with living expenses, for food and clothing, the colonists never fear meeting the grocery bill, the milk, 1he clothing bill, the laundry bill, the butcher's bill, and other inevitable and multitudinous bills that burden the struggling workers '" the outsiJc wodd. For the tax bill he has no fear. ·The colony officials attend to the details of all overhead. To colonists the amusements, sports, pastimes, dances, entertainments and al1 edu- ·o• tional facilities are free. COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT T HE U.ANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a remarkable form of management that is the result of evolution. The manage· men! of the affairs of the colony industries aro in the hands o f the various department managers. There are about twenty-five of these departments and in each department there are divisions. Over some of these divisions are foremen. All these are selected for their experience and fitness for the position. At the managers meetings as many persons as can c rowd in the room are always present. These meetings are held every night and they are unique in that no motions are ever made, no resolutions adopted and no minutes are kept. The last action on any matter supercedes all ·former action and this stands until the plans are changed. The plan is worki1g most admirably and smoothly. At these nightly meetings the work for ·the next day is planned, teams are allotted. workers are shifted to the point where the needs are greatest. and machine·y is put on designated work, transportation is arranged, wan's are made known and filled as nearly as possible. The board of directors, members of which are elected by the _ st•.ckholdero meets once a week and has charge of the financial and Lus;m. management of the enterprise. These directors are on the same b.,:, as all their comrades in the colony. At the. general assr rnL' v aH persons over eighteen years of age, residing in the colony, huve a voice and vote. M CONSTITlJfiON AND BY-LAWS ANY persons who want to know how the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community are conducted think, in order to gel this information, they must secure a copy of a constitution and by-laws. There is no constitution. The Llano Com· munity contents itself with a "declaration of principles' which is printed below. The management of .the Colony rests with the board of managers, a member of which is the superintendent and his two assistants. These managers are selected for their fitness and ability. The business and financial affairs of the enter· prise are conducted by the board of directors who are elected by · the ~lockholders. The corporation by-laws are the stereotyped cor· poration by-laws of almost every state. The only i!'novatiiin is in - ~·\ t-· .. ;:l~f:t ... ~ ·~:-:-t · \ i. } > the restricting of anyone from voting more than · 2000 shares of stock, regardless of" how many shares are held. As this is to be the ultimate holding of every member, this is considered a strong protective clause. The incorporation charter is also the usual type and giyes the corporation the right. to transact almost all manner of business. The Nevada corporahon laws are hberal, safe, and well construed. There is no disposition on the part of stale officials to interfere. I DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES N conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inRexible rules and regulations the greater the harmony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a set of laws the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration follows: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over those of any individual. Liberty of action is only permissible when it does not restrict the liberty of another. Law is a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community at large. Values created by the Community shall be ve•ted in the Community alone. The individual i• not justly entitled to more land than is sufficient to satisfy a reasonable desire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be held by private ownership. Talent and intelligence are gifts which should rightly be used in the service of others. The development of these by education is the gift of the Community to the individual, and the exercise of greater ability entitles none to the false rewards of greater pos· sessions, but only to the joy of greater service to others. Only by identifying his interests and pleasures with · those of others can man find real happiness. The duty of the individual to the Community is to develop ability to the greatest degree possible by availing himself of all educational facilities and to devote the whole extent of that ability to the service of all. The duty of the Community to the individual is to administer justice, to eliminate greed and selfishness, to educate all and to aid any in time of age or misfortune. P SOUND FINANCING NECESSARY ERSONS cannot be admitted to residence at the colony upon .the payment of $10.00 or any other sum less than the . initial payment fee. Hundreds write and sugge•l they be allowed to pay a small amount, or in some cases, nothing at all, then enter the colony and work out the remainder of their shares. If the colony permitted this there would soon be a hundred thou· sand applications. The money derived from these initial payments is used to pay for land, improvements, machinery, and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. It takes considerable time to bring a large agricultural undertaking to a productive point. The colony must proceed along sound financial lines in order to continue its present success. This fact must be obvious to all. · The management of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unmindful of the fact that there is a numberless army that , cannot take advantage of thi• . plan of co-operation. Many letters come in tha t breathe bitter and deep disappointment. No one could regret this more than we do. It is our hope that the day will come when successful co-operative groups can say to their stripped, robbed -and exploited brothers: "You who come with willing hands and understanding of comradeship and co-operation are welcome." 1'1:1e installment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month is proving satisfactory. On this plan the absent comrade is providing for the future while his brotliers and sisters on the lan<l . are bearing the brunt of the pioneering. · Families entering the colony begin to draw from the commissary. Some of the food, all . ihe clothing. much of the material · they draw, costs money. �The _initial membership fee goes to plfset the support of families until the colony shall be on a paying basis. Write today for an application blank, fill it out .and. send together. with a remittance of $10 or more to secure your 11\embership. You. can then arrange to, pay $10 a month · or IJOre until you can so adjust : your ;affairs . that you can m!lk:e final payment and join your comrades who have already borne the ~rst brunt of pioneering. W IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED HEN a ;,.ember of the colony dies his shares and credits like any other property, go to his heirs. Only Caucasians are admitted. We have had applications from Negroes, Hindus, ..Mongolians and Malays. The rejection of these applications is not due to race prejudice but because it is not deemed expedient to mix rae~ in these co'mmunities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern · Pacific Railroad. All household goods and other shipments should be consigned to the name of the owner, Palmdale, California, care Llano Colony. Goods will be stored in the colony's warehouse until ·ordered moved to Llano. All shipments should be prepaid, otherwise they cannot be moved and storage · or demurrage may be charged. Freight transportation between the colony and the station is by means of auto trucks. Passengers are carried in the colony's auto stages. In shipping household goods, it will be well to ship only lighter goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and heavy article; should not be shipped from. points where freight rates are high. . lndividuals may own · their own automobiles and many colonists do own them. All livestock, poultry, etc., are kept in the depart· ments devoted to those. industries. The aim is to keep the resi· dence portion of the colony dean and · sanitary. · LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS Among the industries of Llan~. to which new ones are constantly being added, are: printshop, shoe shop, laundry, cannery, cleaning and dyeing, warehouse, machine shop, blacksmith shop, rug works, planing mill, paint shop, lime kiln, saw mill. d~iry, cabinet shop, nursery, alfalfa, orchards, poultry yards, rabbttry, gardens, hog raising, brick yard, lumbering, magazine, newspaper, . doctors' offices, woodyard, vinegar works, bakery, · fish hatchery, barber shop, dairy goats, baths, swimming pool: studios, two hotels, drafting room, post ·office, commtssary, campmg· grou.nd, lndustnal school, grammar school, Montessori school, commerctal school, hbrary, women's exchange, two weekly dances, brass band,. mandolm club, two orchestras, quartets, socialist local, jeweler. fort for he · future and fcii old ai~; to guar.mtee education for the children in the best schools; and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. . I,t h~s more than ~ residents, making it the largest to~ 'iii the .Antelope Valley. Mor~ than 200 children atteqd the. schools. · Part - of tile cliildren · boarding· at "ihe school; some live at the Industrial sch.ool all the time• . The Montessori school is in operation, taking th~ children from ·2!12 to 6 years of age. A new school l:iuilding . is soon to be-buill on the' new townsite. The County school and ihe Colony Industrial schools are both in operation. High school work is planned. In· the· Industrial school botany, domestic science, languages, agricuture, biology, practical farming and the regular grammar school subjects are taught by competent teachers. Manual training will be installed soon; the building is now uhder construction. The children care for a Hock of milk goats, chickens, turkeys, and many acres. of gar~en. They. are very s.uccessful. They build their own buildings; . the girls learn sewing and co.o king; the children produce much of what they consume; portion of their clothing is made by. the sewing classes; they have their .own horses, wagons and farm implements; they own pigs and a number of pets. Besides learning co-operation arid developing a sense of responsibility, they enjoy acquiring ., an education under these conditions. They plan to · go extensively into the raising of chickens and turkeys during the coming year. The Colony owns a fine herd of 125 Jersey and Holstein cattle, more than II 0 of which ·will· soon be in the milk string. More than I00 head of .young stock are on the range, being heifers and calves up o 2 years of age. Nearly 120 head of horses ~nd mules, including colts, are owned · by the Colony. These, Wtth the tractor and caterpillar engine, four trucks, and numerous autos, do the · . hauling and the work on the land. Thoroughbred Duroc jersey and Ber~shire ~igs, as well a~ many orades are in the extensive new pens JUS! butlt. Pure strams will be de~eloped and registrations kept up. In the nursery are thousands of grape cuttings and shade and fruit trees. More than 26,000 trees were put out last spring. Many will be planted this year. About 400 acres of orchard are i now in: Community gardening is successful, and an increased acreage · . will be put in each year. The ideal is to farrri 'on an extensive scale, using all manner of efficient ·labor saving machinery and methods, with expert and experienced men · in charge of the different departments. Llano possesses more than 668 stan~s of bees.. They are cared for by expert bee meri of long expenence. Thts department expects to have several thousand stands in a few years. The Colony has secured timber from the San Gabriel Reserve, PLAN OF ORGANIZATION and the ·sawmill is in operation. Lumber worth $35 to $40 a thouFollowing is the plan which has proven successful : each share. sand costs the Colony only a few dollars a thousand. holder agrees to buy 2,000 shares of cap!ial stock. Each pays Social life is delightful, baseball and fqotb~ll · teamo, dan~es, pacin cash or installments, $1,000. Each pays tn labor, $1,000. Each . nics, swirriming,_huqting, camping, all; being P,Opula~. · .A b!lh9•. se~­ receives a daily wage of $4, from which is de~ucted one d~lla~ ~or eral orchestras, ··a . dramatic club, and other ·organizahons ·asstsl m the stock ihe is working. out. From t~e remamder c~es ht!' hvmg · ' making the social occasions enjoyable. expenses. Whatever margin he may have above deduchon for stock A great deal of alfalfa has already been planted this fall. Several and living expenses is credited to his .individu?l a7count, payable out hundred acres are expected to be added to the acr_eage. D~tches of the surplus profits of the· enterpnse. If an tnstall~ent member lined with cobblestone set in Llano lime cement, makmg the dttches falls ill, is disabled or disemployed, the Colony gtves htm every opp~rmanent, conserve water and insure economy. Seven cuftinga of portunity to recover and resume payments. In no case wtll he be alfalfa were made this past season. crow<led. If he finds it impossible to resume payments, we wtH, A square mile has been set aside for the ..new cit~. ~ith the upon request, issue stock for · the ful.l amount he has patd. Thts ts sawmill running; the lime kiln producing a .very ..~penor hmc. 'ld transferable and may be sold to his best advantage. I? this we wtH with sand and rock abundant and adobe bnck ~astly manufactured, endeavor to assist wherever practicable. Corpora!tons are nc t the time is near .w heq permanent buildings. will ·he e1 ect~d •>.n the aHowed by law to deal in their own sfock. new site. It will be a city different in design from. any other tn the world with houses of a distinctively different archttectu.re. Houses GENERAL INFORMATION . will be comfortable, sa.nitary; ·handsome; home-like, modern•. and The Llano del Rio Co1ony is tlie greates! Community enterprise harmonious with their surroundings, and will insure greater prtv.acy than any other houses ever constructed. They are tll)ique apd deever attempted. It was founded by Job Harriman, May 1st. 191 4, signed especially for: Llano. . . . : .. and is solving the problem of disemployment and ~ustness fatlure. The Weekly newspaper, THE LLANO COLONIST, gt~es the news It offers .a .way to provide lor the futur~ welfare of the workers of the world, of· the· Col Socialist . and Labor Th movement and their families. ·· · ' · · i ~ · ·• · . b .mt. conden~ t It is a perfecl example of Co·- oper~tionin Action. No commumty form. It carries the ony news •. etc,, . e su scrtp ton rra e IS ' organized as it is, was ever estabhshed before. . . 50c a year (Canadian subscriptions, $1 a year). Both the ~~- , The purpose is to solve the problem of unemployment by provtdERN COM~E and the LLANO COLONIST .to one name iui ~· ~ • ing steady employment for the workers; to assure safety and comdress for 75c (Canac;l~. $.1.50) •. :... ' ·I • ADDRESS ALLE:OMMUNICATIONS AND MAKE All PAYMENTS TO ·THE. ,. "Liano del Rio Company, Llano, California �·. • Was Schmidt Railroaded? • • Did He Dynamite the "Times"? Read Job Harriman's Address to the Jury and Judge for YourseH. Here are the facts, NEVER BEFORE MADE "'You. gentlemen of the jury, bow this umhrella is telling the truth. Every n"b and every stay tells the truth in no uncertain terms that this felon Oark is a perjurer. They tell you Oark never placed dynamite under the crane at the Dayton bridge. • • • They tell you that the Prosecuting Attorney knows that the felon Oark wu civinr perjured testimouy.'' "Dugan I Who is Dugan? He is a seif-confessed felon. He was expelled from the Iron Workers Union. · He is the Dugan who shot and killed his wife and daughter in Indianapolis." "McManigal is a self-confessed murderer. The prison doors were opened, this criminal Mr".1anigal shook off his chains, walked out, » as goven $1 .. ' ") by the County of lm geles, and told to l!" hos w;;y in peace." (Tr•timony from witnesses C!?rk, Dugan and McMar;igal was admitted.) In identifying Schmidt, witness after witness testified that the man connected with the dynamiting had his cheek bone mashed, but noticed that his eye was all right. Schimdt' s eye is gone, but his cheek is all right. Fair and honorable witnesses were prevented from taking the stand. Competent witnesses testifed that dynamite gases quench Aames; while gas sets fire. The Times Building explosion set fires. Could it have been dynamite? Dynamite explodes in all directions, gas upwards principally. The explosion of the Times Building was upward. None of the phenomen,jl of the explosion showed evidence of !Jynamite. PUBUC. Could you have voted for conviction? Why did the jury do so? THINGS THE PAPERS NEVER TOLD are given in this new book about the Schmidt case, the speech of Job Harriman before the jury. Read it-and learn things you have long suspected. HERE. ARE THE FACTS! Every Union Man should learn how he may fare · in the so-called impartial courts. Any of them may get what Schmidt got. Every Socialist ho wants st hand evidence of capitalist-contro e court eedings should have this book for propiJio'iiaJ:Ida~ Every Fair-Minded Penon honestly seeking information and loving justice should read this tale of a dishonest conviction. When Capitalism Desires a Conviction It Gets it. Read how it can be secured. The newspapers never told these things. Why? Did you know the real facts about this case? You'll wonder if the McNamaras were really guilty and you'll wonder why they confessed. SEND IN YOUR ORDERS AT ONCE Single Copies 2S.c. Quantity rates to Locals and Unions. WESTERN COMRADE, Llano, California Increased RatePearson's $1.50 a year The rate went up on November I st, but we are able to make this special combination rate: Peanon's, regular,......$1.50 Both for r.::m~~=~~--~~. :. 50 Peanon'•, ne Westem Comrade AND ne Uano Colonist; All Three...... .. $1.75 $2 •00 PEARSON'S -The Magazine that prints facb which no magazine depending on advertising could "afford" to print. WESTERN COMRADE. llANO CAL. "THE COLOR OF LIFE" The New Book- just Out By EMANUEL JULIUS Propaganda in stories from real life - they teach while they entertain. • ' The price of "The Color of life" is Fifty cents. With the WESTERN COMRADE OR the lLANO COLONIST, $1.00. All. THREE FOR $1.25 "THE PEST" "ADOLEsCENCE" and "SLUMMING" By EMANUEL JULIUS Three Clever Plays Eqeae V. Deln says of Eau..a Jaliu: He has a most interesting style and aU of hi. matter bu life in it and pith, and appeals strooa!y to the reader. PRICE TEN CENTS THE WESTERN COMRADE, LLANO, CAL. �Table of Contents December 1916 Pqe Pqe Cover Page How They Hate Publicity (Short Story) ............ 20 A Scene at Pine Lake, one of the Beautiful Mountain Retreats Near Llano. The Gateway to Freedon..... :................................ 2 A synopsis of the form of organization, ideals, and achievements during the two years and a half the Llano del Rio Colony has been 1n existence. People strive to get into the public prints, but their activity along that line is tame compared "with what they will do to get into the movies. Jack London and John Barleycorn.................... 21 Frank E. Wolfe pays his respects to his personal friend, Jack London ; he also pays his lack of res: peel for John Barleycorn, also soon to go into the Great Beyond. Are You the OneL .............................................. 6 Children and Livestock...................................... 22 A poem by Ernest S. Wooster. Editorials.............................................................. 7 Note particularly the one on page seven 1n which the Socialist Party is asked to adopt a new plank. Comrade Job Harriman points out how this IS a vital question. Up From the Earth ................................................ 9 By Max Ehrman Livestock at Llano............................................ 10 Mildred G. Buxton shows how livestock at Llano has a big place in Education at the Industrial School. The Clothes We Wear........................................ 23 Dr. John Dequer takes up this phase of Therapeutics this time. Poultry as a Business.......................................... 24 Selection m Breeding........................................ 24 Under the head of Agriculture Oliver Zornes tells of making money with chickens, and Wesley Zornes explains the value of careful selection in breeding stock. . The subject of livestock has been carefully handled and the facts gathered lint hand from the departments. The whole article gives an idea of the tremendous value that livestock has already become to the Colony and what can be expected from it. Building a Socialist City.................................... 25 An Active Week at Llano.................................. 17 What Thinkers Think........................................ 26 This time Robert K. Williams uses his typewriter as a moving picturt;: · camera, and gives us a few kaleidoscopic scenes when the big Idaho immigration began. Two pages of the condensed subject matter of leading magazines for November. A. Constance Austin · shows how fiat-roofed homes are ideal for the dry, dear climate of Llano. Our Mail Bag...................................................... 29· Our Next Issue The January Number of the WESTERN COMRADE Will Tell of Another Source of Wealth at Llano- Agriculture and Horticulture It Will Tell of What IS Already Accomplished, of What Will Be Done This Year, and of the Plans for the Future. It Will be Another Smashing Llano Number. Send it to your Friends. We will Mail it to Three Names for. Ten Cents. .. .., .. . �Are You the One? By Ernest S. Wooster If I should one day tell of a land where happiness may be won And point you the ~oad· where it stretches away o'er the hills toward the setting sun And I'd give you the secret of how and where- the key to this wondrous land Do you think you'd have the · wisdom and faith that it takes to underst~nd? If I told you the gate were open wide and the way were smooth and clear, And you could enjoy the things you like and the day were almost here I am sure that you would . be glad to go. But suppose that the way be long Would you have the unfaltering endurance then to prove that your faith is strong? If I told you the road to this wondrous land lay over the searing plain And you'd have to toil and sweat in the dust, and toil and sweat again Would you do your part as a strong man should, with your shoulder to the wheel? · Would I find you there with the loyal host in the fight for the commonweal? Such a land there is, and I know it well, but I wonder if you're the one To toil and moil from dawn till dark in the heat of the broiling sun? I wonder if you have the brain and the heart to work and to think and to stay, Or will you trail along when the fight is o'er and the troubles have passed away? Have you the strength of the - pioneer and have you the pluck within? Have you the purpose it takes to stick, the courage that's needed to win? Or will you, after the battle is won and the trop_hy is . safe an~ sure, Come trooping in with the host of those who foll'ow the path of the Doer? The road lies straight ahead of you through the mountains. across the plain, But the weak ones fall, and the fools return, and only the . strong remain. But you'll not come if you have Fear, for Courage is in demand If you're a practical man you'll never learn what the dreamer can understand. If you rest at ease and you . stay at home while the dreamers work and build, If you merely watch you can never know how the soul of the dreamer's thrilled: And Llano will grow and her vision will live, but you 'II never realize The joy of the fight a.s a pioneer with the courage to work . for the prize. �Political Action Co-operation Direct Actioa The Western Comrade Devoted VOL. IV to tl!e Cau ae of Worker a LLANO, CALIFORNIA, DECEMBER, 1916 Ed i to ri·a Is S ENATOR CLARK has discovered a soluti.o n for all our social and industrial ills in the practices of the early English people. He tells us that "in olden times in England, a man who boosted food prices was escorted to a blacksmith shop and his ears nailed to the door." It is plain to be seen that the army of the unemployed would be quickly absorbed by the enormous demand for new blacksmith shops and doors to which the price boosters are to be firmTy hitched by the ear. --~ The only serious question that would confront the execution of this policy is the size of the ears, it being generally conceded that stingy and penurious people have small ears. However, we presume that the Senator investigated this point before making this propositon and found that this peculiar b reed of Baalamitis possess ears amply sufficient for the occasion. What a charming and inspiring picture it would be for the young and untutored child to look upon these ear tied boosters, and how the soul would be inspired by songs of this new species of Arizona canary, especially as their voices mingled with the clang and ring of hammers in the forging of new ear nails. Truly a great philosopher is this man Clark. -0- E the MBARGO on wheat? Would not this interfere with the rights of personal property? ·Would it not infringe upon the freedom of contract, and the pursuit of happiness? The farmer sold his wheat at threshing time for $1 .25 per hundredweight. Now the same wheat is selling for $2.50. How happy is he who buys for $1 .25 and sells for $2.50? Who shall say no? Upon the profits of one good deal he may live for a life time. Is not the pursuit of happiness guaranteed by the constitution as a fundamental right? Then, too, the soldiers in the trenches would not be able to fight were they not fed. And as for the starving people in the United States; might not that be worse if our exporting business were cut off? Of what use would our ships of commerce be in case of an embargo? And what would become of our markets? Let them go to other nations? What nons~nse! For what could our navy be used if not to protect our foreign markets? We must not forget that we have just appropriated $635,000,000 and this would all be lost. We must not k~ep our wheat at home. This would not be No. 8 By Job Harriman business. If we do not feed our sister countries while they slaughter each other, they would never forgive us. We must remember that there are courtesies of state. Those in charge of governmental ·affairs cannot be in the trenches. They are the guardians of the public interests. If they were slain how would the machinery of government be manned; and who would preserve the great fortunes; and· who would conduct the commercial affairs of the country; and who would be able to decide when the millions of citizens should be sent to die in the trenches for their country? Those who urge embargo surely do not understand the blessing that war always brings; the prosperity that always follows in its trail; and the tremendous fighting qualities it develops. True, a certain brutality develops, ·but this alway.§ follows and accompanies all our business transactions, even in times of peace. We cannot be too chary of our conscience in business. Were humanity to adopt this course, no fortunes would accumulate, culture would disappear; humanity would be reduced to a common level and there would be no class wise enough to guide and care for the millions of helpless creatures who are always present in times of peace and whose numbers are multiplied by every war. - o- A NOTHER plank should .be added to the Socialist platform which would read as follows: "All genuine co-operative enterprises shall hereafter receive the sanction and support of the Socialist Party." "We object." Who are you? How many are there of you ? Do you object because you arre opposed to helping the Llano del Rio Colony? Well, if that b true, you may rest upon your oars, for we are not calling for help. We are offering aid to the Party. Will you accept our assistance ? Then let us discuss the advisability and the reasons for this new plan. Do not be afraid that the Party will be injured in case of failure. Far less injury would accrue to the Party if your co-operative enterprise fails, than if you had never tried to co-operate. Failure is always present where there is no effort. Nothing is worse than stagnation. Stagnation is death. The stagnant pool or decaying body is unworthy of nature, except to protect one's self from disease. Though voting is necessary, yet voting alone is only a process of fermentation. If such fermentation proceeds long �Page eight EDITORIALS enou3h. the whole Party will b~ome intoxicated with mere abstractions. This begets a kind of insanity, of fanatic:Jsm, that destroys efficiency and leads but to the tomb. . T caching is fine, but teaching without action is but a sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal. Teaching without action ends in quarrelling and bickering over abstractions and technicalities; until the heart is sickened, hope is abandoned, and the mind decays. The elements of growth are not to be found in such mental processes. The problems of life will not be settled by such l!lethods, even though every motion is unanimously carried. New conditions follow so fast, the one after the other, that fOnstant turmoil follows unless those involved are continually applying their theories to the affairs of life. Theories, however correct, must be practically applied or they will breed dictators and demagogues. Theories separate from actual experience have no cohesive social force. For a time the imagination is dazzled by them, but only for a short time. The large majority so attracted soon lose interest and go their way. It is for this reason that our party is a gateway through which our Socialists pass from conservative to radical schools. Once gone they rarely return. They leave us to hunt for recruits amon g new material. It is in the old material that our greatest vitality should be found. And it is in them that it will be found when we put our theories of co-operation into practf/!:::__ ) We are afraid to apply the principles~h we believe. Are we afraid that capitalism is too efficient? Will it ever become less efficient? f. Afraid! It is capitalism that makes us cowards. Fear is its strongest chain. We are bound almost as strongly by fear as by our economic conditions. Our ability to work depends upon the freedom of the mind as well as upon our courage and understanding. Slavery is a result of ignorance. We learn slightly through theory, largely through action. An ignorant man is as helpless as an ignorant horse. However much we may know theoretically, no fruit will be gathered wtthout action. The Western Comrade E NGLAND may not be as belated in regard to the socialization of shipping as would appear from some statements. in British newspapers. Winston Churchill has written an article that is attracting widespread attention because he points out a number of "State Socialistic" institutions that England has yet to put into operation. England realizes now in the stress of circumstances that Germany far outstripped her years ·before the war began. At the outset of the struggle the men upon whom fell responsibilities for men and equipment found that the gentle art of muddling through helped but little when by organization and system alone could they hope to meet the splendid and efficient socialized machinery of the German Empire. Despite this late day utterance the government has already assumed ownership of forty-five percent of the shipping, and the move commits England to full possession of her shipping. Ownership of railways, trams, and steamships will be followed by the inevitable ownership of the means of operation and replenishing. This will force ownership of the more important sources of supplies-fuel, steel, and timber. It will compel the seizure of mines and forests. Mr. Churchill says many of these things would ha~e been done long ago had the English people "not been foolish." The statesman includes himself, thus admitting he has only recently seen the light. He has gone a long way in urging socialization upon England and his utterances will carry much conviction to his class, but whether such men as he see the great necessity and give warning, or not, the forward movement will not be retarded. They may accelerate it, however, and all such educational acts have their value. Churchill and his class will want to stop short of real Socialism--elimination of profits and profiteers. This they will not be able to do. Capitalism will find that "State Socialism" will not stop conveniently at a point where profit and exploitation may continue. The sturdy Briton will learn the ease with which one may jump from a tenth story window and the difficulty of stopping in midflight, opposite the fifth floor. It's the long plunge for England. R EAMS have been written about California climate. Much We must understand that as long as we work in industries .of it is true, much untrue. There is one true sourceowned by others the fruits of our labor accrue to the beneftt the meteorological observation chart. of others. It is for this reason that every stroke of labor adds We are far from the tropics, and far from Medicine Hat. power to the institutions that beset us. No other spot we know has the high average sunshine that The dominating and controlling power of every age abides we have at Llano. . in the institutions of that age. In November the daily newspapers carried stories of temBefore the working class can grasp the powers of govern- peratures far below zero, blizzards and snowstorms in almost ment they must develop working class institutions in which every part of the country. At Llano on November 4th we had heir energy throbs and through which they gain their subsis- a cloudy day. The remainder of the month was clear. On tence. Political power is a result of economic institutions six days there was some wind but no heavy wind-the other and, at best, are in turn only secondary causes of them. ' days were calm. When the workers learn this fact the gates of freedom will The lowest temperature was 27 above zero early in the swing open. Until then, they will remain locked and barred, morning of Nov. 13. but during the day the sun warmed the and the chains will rattle about our feet. llano, and the temperature rose to 46. A month of sunshine. �The Western Comrade . . EDITORIALS T HE feeling of discouragement now widespread in the Socialist Party is so intense that it is beginning to merge into despair. Only in a few localities has the vote increased and stimulated the hopes and activities of the local membership. Even in such localities there is felt the depressing effect of the more general sluggish conditions. The question "What shall we do to be saved?" is pressing ever harder upon us. Our party is incorrectly organized. We have no connection with organized labor. We are endeavoring to found a labor movement by drawing large numbers of unorganized working men into a political party. This cannot be done. Labor movements are fundamentally economic in their character and we are endeavoring to make them fundamentally political. True, this is not our philosophy, but it is our conduct politically. The party proposes to capture the powers of government first; then with the powers of government it is proposed to ta ke over the economic institutions. This policy is likewise impracticable. To some extent it can be successfully carried out. But, as a general and final policy, it must ultimately fail. What is the "powers of government?" Is it merely offices? Is not the element of authority involved in every office? And whence comes the authority? All governmental power, which is only another name for a uthority, springs from the institutions upon which the government rests. Before the government can revolutionize the institutions upon which it rests it must gain the consent of those in control of those institutions. Within the European war zone this transformation is now going on, but the necessities of war have forced the consent of those in control of the industries. The capitalists themselves have willingly stepped out of their own factories and turned the management over to their own capitalist government. But no such consent has ever been, or ever will be, given by the capitalist class who hold the institutions, to a socialist po- Page nine litical machine, even though the popular vote supported the machine. In such case the resources of the industries, the army and the implements of war would be turned upon the populace before the vote became overwhelming. Had such a crisis developed in any of the powerful European governments the working class would have gone down in defeat, in pools of blood, before the siege gun, the shrapnel, and the other powerful artillery. The powers of government lie in the institutions from which the subsistence of a people is drawn, and not in political offices when these offices are separate from those institutions. The institutions and the political party must be intricately bound up together before the political machine can be pregnant with power. Without a vital connection with industrial and economic institutions the political machine is but a hollow shell. The Socialist Party has no connections either with the industrial or economic instit~tions. For this reason it has but little vitality, and its growth is checked with every adverse storm. Vitality and power will come only when the whole movement, political, industrial, and economic, are unified and under the control of one central power. E -o-- VERY phase of human thought and activity is being revolutionized by the European war. The political state is gradually and unconsciously being transformed into an industrial state, while the warring spirit of commercialism is dying, and a spirit of brotherhood is growing under the unifying influence of the many new government industries, and the grief, sorrow and sympathy following the indescribable suffering in the trenches. Under the influence of the nationally-owned industries the commercial and industrial spirit of each country will become as one; under the influence of sorrow and sympathy it · will be made sweet; and under the influence of both it will be made whole. Up From the Earth By Ma x E h r m a n L ET me do my work each day, and if the darkened hours of despair overcome me, may I not forget the strength that comforted me in the desolation of former times. May I not forget the bright hours that found me walking over the silent hills of my childhood, or dreaming on the margin of the quiet river, and the light glowed within me and I promised my early God to have courage amid the tempests of changing years. · Spare me from bitterness and from the sharp passions of unguarded moments. May I not forget that poverty and riches are of the spirit. Though the world knows me not, may my thoughts and actions be such as shall keep me friendly with myself. Lift my eyes from the earth and let me not forget the uses of the stars. Forbid that I should judge others lest I condemn myself. Let me not follow the clamor of the world, but walk calmly in my path. Give me a few friends who will love me for what I am; and keep ever burning before my vagrant steps the kindly light of hope. And though age and infirmity overtake me, and I come not within sight of the castle of my dreams, teach me still to be thankful for life and for time's olden memories that are good and sweet; and may the evening's twilight find me gentle still. �The Page ten Western Comrllde Live Stock of Llano - pRSES, mules, dairy cattle, range cattle, goats, rabbits, j ~ogs, chickens, tu rkeys, bees, and trout, not to men1 tion the expected acquisitions of sheep, guinea fowl. ___ pea fowl. pet stock, and fancy stock-these can all be listed as Llano's li vestock. When the list is complete-and the time is not far distant when it will be-Llano can boast of a live stock industry which will be worth hundreds of thousands of dollars, which will employ scores of persons, which will breed stock of superior quality, which will go far toward sustaining the Colony, and which will be a source of pride as well as a source of income. These departments are all well managed , and are rapidly being well equipped. The men employed in them are experienced men of high ideals and a thorou gh understanding of their callings. With the sense of responsibility requisite to success, and with the broader ambition and higher motive of building up their portion of the greatest co-opemtive enterprise in the world, the livestock men are demonstrating the value of their efforts. Every department of the livestock industry has been developed to the point where, from now on, it will make many times the apparent progress it has made in the past, and the figures rep resenting values will be multiplied rapidly. It is an inspiration to review the livestock departments at Llano and to forecast their growth . The fi gures give n here and the descriptions are conservative and represent the facts as they actually exist. H Dairy Has Great Future - - - ANUARY I , 19 I 5 , nearly two years ago, the first herd of cows came to Llano. It was a day of rejoicing, the beginning of a new industry, another ___ _ source of income, and also promised better living conditions for Llano residents. The entire population, a lmost, went to the "wash" to meet the incoming herd. It was an occasion to celebrate. Previous to the arrival of the herd from the Imperial Valley there had been a few cows in the Colony, but the number was wholly inadequate to supply the demands of the rapidly increasing population. To-day the herd numbers about one hundred and ten fine Holstein and J ersey cows, and the value is placed at about $1 I ,000. More cows are being negotiated for, young heifers now on the range will soon be ready to JI add to the herd, and there is no reasonable limit placed on the ultimate size of the Llano dairy herds. Recently a registered Holstein bull has been secured to head the herd. He is a splendid animal and comes of a fa mily of Holsteins noted for high milking averages. The dairymen in charge-George Milligan, head of the department, assisted by Otto Swanson and the Murray brothers. Clarence, Luther, and Elmer-are proud of their dairy : incidentally the rest of the Colony is proud of the dairy and the dairymen. Out on the range, being herded by Onie Morris, are a fine lot of yol!lng heifers. varying in age from four months to two years. They are growing strong, sleek, fat, and healthy. When about seven months old the calves are turned out on the range. About forty calves are usually at the calf corral. When the young heifers are added to the dairy herd, and when the ma ny small herds which are expected to be secu red through memberships, are added, the Llano dairy will require the services of many additional men. Holsteins are the preferred stock. They are larger, rustle better on the range, and are hardier. They give a greater quantity of milk, and the amount of butter fat to tile cow is as great as produced by any breed. The skim milk is a valuable consideration. It is now being fed to the hogs and calves. When the creamery buildings are established at the dairy, this milk will be converted into cheese, giving Llano another food product. It is because of the large quantity of milk that the Holstein has won its way with the Llano d airymen. It is quite as important that the young stock be good rustlers, for this is essential to their welfare while on the range. Conditions at Llano are healthful. Since the question of the health of cattle was raised many years ago a nd inspection for tuberculosis became mandatory, the light against tuberculosis became keen. Tubercular cattle are like tubercular people. The conditions that prevent it are about the same in either case. The dry air of the Antelope Valley is insurance against this dread disease, and Llano dairymen have a distinct advantage. The fresh water is another desirable feature. A concrete drinking fountain, a lways full of fresh, pure mountain water, stands in the corral. It is circular, about twenty feet in diameter, and is kept clea n all the time. The soil at Llano, being of a granite formation, does not become muddy. This is quite important where cows are kept in a corral constantly. THE LLANO RABBITRIES ARE. BUlLT ABOUT A QUADRANGLE. two sides o f which a re shown here. The building is commodious IS one of a senes wh1ch w1II uliJmately be butlt to hou.e the greatest rabbitry on the Pacific coast.- Photo by and modern, and Banbury. �Th~ West~rn Comrade Page eleven LLANO TEAMS GOING OUT TO WORK. Taking care of the learns is no small job. The Llano corral is like a huge con· slruction camp. To give protection from the storms and adequately house the horses a stone barn is being built which is to be more than 160 feel long and 80 feel wide.-Photo by Banbury. One of the most valuable advantages possessed by Llano, is the quality of the alfalfa. It makes a quick growth; seven crops were harvested this year, which is remarkable. Because it is so sweet and fine stemmed, the cows eat every straw of it. They relish it and there is no waste. This becomes more significant when it is remembered that the cows are fed alfalfa almost exclusively. The climate of Llano does not necessitate elaborate housing and green feed is available for nine months in the year. Llano cows are not fed grain. They produce enormous quantities of milk on alfalfa alone and they thrive on it and keep healthy. • The big concrete silo, with its capacity of three hundred tons, is filled each fall. It is one of the largest silos built anywhere and it is a good one. Ensilage is made mostly from corn stalks cut up in small pieces and packed in tightly. In the silo it goes through a fermenting process that makes it extremely palatable to the cows. It has fat-producing qualities that supplement the alfalfa. Pumpkins and root crops will be planted each year to become a part of the dairy supplies. They grow well at Llano and will be included in the plans for producing stock foods. The housing situation is fairly well in hand, but some more building must be done as soon as stone masons can be spared from other work. The dairy barn is built of rock and is a good piece of work. It is of ample size and well constructed. The cows are put in stanchions to be milked. A concrete-lined cesspool catches the manure, which is later hauled to the gardens. Across the road is the calf corral and a pasture for the young calves not yet large enough to be put on the range. Here a calf barn is being built sixty feet long and fifty-two feet wide, a portion of it to be completed first and put into use. It will also be of rock and when completed will be convenient in arrangement and intended to be adequate for some years to come. At present the creamery is located near the commissary, in the main town of Llano, which is half a mile from the dairy. Plans have been drawn for a new creamery which is to be established convenient to the dairy. Here the milk will be handled in a modern and sanitary manner, separated, bottled for the milk route which will then be established, made into butter and cheese, and cared for after truly up-to-date methods. The centralizing of the dairy industry in this manner will be economical in many ways. It has not been done before this time simply because this has not been possible. Among the plans and dreams that Llano residents indulge in is one that contemplates the establishment of an ice factory before another summer arrives. When that time comes the Llano creamery will be in a position to handle its products with complete satisfaction to the men employed in the dairy as well as the residents generally. Much credit is due those employed in the distribution of milk and the making of butter; Comrade Charles Groves, assisted by Mrs. Groves part of the time and by George Grazier all of the time, perform their duties in an efficient manner. Last year the production of butter, as given in the creamery report to the state, was 17,120 lbs. Besides this, 7,320 gallons of whole milk were used during the year by residents, and sixty gallons of skim milk were available daily. These figures include the period from October, 1915, to October, 1916. The Llano dairy is well managed, sound, profitable, and intelligently directed. The men in charge understand their business and have ideals. They are ambitious of making it one of the model dairies of the state of California. ·' Wealth from Ranges - - -yiNG to the north and east of Llano are thousands and thousands of acres of plain. Apparently it is close at hand, so close that the newcomer not infrequently underestimates the immense scope of the territory over which the eye so easily skims. Directly across the valley rise the Lovejoy Buttes; easterly re~rs the huge bulk of Blaek Butte, and further away Gray Mountain is seen. Between these points and east of them stretching off towards the point where sky and earth meet, hundreds and thousands of tons of feed grow and die every year. And here is potential wealth for Llano. These acres of pasture can be made her acres, and her flocks and herds can graze on them. Onie Morris, cattleman for many years, assisted part of th~ time by his brothers, Melvin and Gerald, takes his little hera of something over 130, and sees them fatten on the hip-high grasses of the plain below. They are the calves of the milk herd and most of them will become docile milk cows in time. He also has about twenty head of young horses and mules on the range. But Comrade Morris sees beyond that. He sees into the future, sees the time when the Llano herds, "beef herds," will doi the .valley. It is a matter of water. Years ago the L �The Page twelve Western Comrade Antelope valley was a cow country. Cowboys of the old school. coiled their lariats, rode their tough bronchos, and rounded up their cattle. Then came the settler, intelj on making a home on cheap government land. The old fight was discussing hogs the subject of climate is once more brought up. Agreeable climate is as much a matter fought, the fight of the cattleman being dispossessed of his of benefit in raising animals as it is in attracting domain by the prosaic farmer. And the "nester" won. The people. Llano's mild climate, the clean soil, the pure cattle left; where thousands once fed, only hundreds now are seen. But gone, too, is the settler and the whole valley is air, the absence of neighboring hogs to communicate disease, almost a blank. He fought a losing game. Water is deep and and the fact that the herd is already clean, insures continued expensive to develop out there, and he could not make the success, if even but reasonable care be given. . But John Will, in charge of the hog department, is not satishome he had dreamed of. Herein lies Llano's opportunity. No one can develop water so cheaply as can the colonists. fied with ordinary care. He wants them to have ideal care. No one can secure labor so cheaply. It requires water only He wants the little pigs protected from the weather. He wants to make the herding of cattle profitable. just water and the them to have comfortable quarters and running water. He cattle. The Colony controls enough of this rich pasture land wants to keep them clean. Clean hogs? Yes, clean hogs. The old saying "dirty as a w support five hundred head of cattle. Limitless a<ereage is available. Wells will be bored. Cattle will be bought, traded pig" will go out-of-date in Llano if John Will has his way. He for, gotten somehow. The plan is workable. There is wealth says clean hogs are healthy hogs. So he is building pens for for the Colony in it. Nowhere on earth is there better range. them, yards for them, bringing running water to them. He The feed comes early; it is good; it lasts. The beef round- has signs which read "Do Not Feed the Pigs." He looks after up can be made early in the year, months ahead of the ranges his pets more carefully than many folks look after their children. of the older cattle regions. Onie Morris says he can take care of five hundred head of But John Will is not a crank on hog culture. He only incattle with the water and the ranges we now have. He wants sists on commonsense methods. He doesn't believe in fads, these cattle as soon as they can be procured. Then he will but he follows proven theories. begin forming a herd that will number thousands. It is his Poland-Chinas, Berkshires, and Duroc-Jerseys are the stock. dream. It is a fea sible one. The range is there. The water Most of the breeding is done toward the Duroc-Jersey, as excan be pumped. We have the labor. The markets are close perience shows that they are better suited to conditions here by. It is just a matter of time. Not only will the Colony at Llano. herds furni sh the Colony with beef, but there will be a surplus Llano hogs get good treatment. Long houses have been besides. It will command highest prices because it will reach built and each brood sow has her own apartment. The little excellent markets. The old cattle days will come again, but pigs play about in their own front yards. It is an interesting they will be Llano cattle days. The climate is the best; there sight and one that always impresses visitors to see the fat is no loss of stock through bad weather. As a source of wealth ' little pigs playing about as happily as puppies. for the Colony the ranges offer vast possibilities. Breeding For Fancy Stock I LL<\NO BUILDERS PUT UP MANY PENS for the housing of the pigs end one of the builders is shown here extending a string of pens which were filled almost as rapidly as they were built. The insert shows why Comrade J ohn Will believes the hog department will have thousands of pigs in it within a few years.- Photo by Banbury. \ Pure Bred Hogs r The ideal of the hog department is to have all high bred, registered stock. A good start has already been made. Colony Berkshires of royal pedigree and Duroc-Jerseys of imperial lineage took premiums at the Antelope Valley Fair at Lancaster. They took firsts and seconds, and earned them. "Jimmie," the great red boar, is valued at $150. One of the Berkshire boars is three years old and worth $100; the other is a year old, and his value is placed at $75. Two DurocJersey sows are worth $50 each. One Berkshire sow is valued at $100, a younger one at $50. These are conservative figures. In this department are one. hundred brood sows valued at $25 each, and ninety shoats worth $15 each. Of small pigs there are probably two hundred at the time this article reaches the reader. They vary in age from three days to three months. No estimate · is placed on their value. With this nucleus of Berkshire and Duroc-Jersey thoroughbreds, the hog department is expected to soon have some extra fine stock for sale. Pedigreed hogs are worth, when four months old, from $35 to $40, when the reputation of the herd is established. Inside of three years, John Will expects to have a t least five hundred brood sows; as rapidly as possible these will be eliminated until only pure bred stock remains. In one corral at the hog ranch are the shoats; in another, the older pigs. No feed has been bought; no cash has been expended. The garden furnishes the feed, supplemented by the garbage from the houses. This department can show almost all profit to its credit. It will be immensely profitable within a few years. Last year the meat furnisherl by the hog department was valued at $1043.45. �The W~stern Comrade Page thirteen The hogs are gentle and unafraid. Two long pens provide shelter for the brood sows and the little pigs. These are built with wooden roofs, the partitions of adobe and pa'lt of the wall of adobe. The hogs are rapidly being housed in a suitable manner. Hogs with length and breadth, the kind that provide the most meat at the least expense, breeds that are healthy and prolific. the kind that are in demand in the markets everywhere as breeding stock - these are the kind that Llano will exhibit at the fairs and breed for profit. Llano Uses Many Horses The horses and mules were all turned in as payment for stock in the Llano de'· Rio Colony, and have not cost the Colony a cent in cash. Some are saddle horses, but most of them are good strong work horses. The health of the horses, like that of all other live stock at Llano, is· uniformly good. Though fed only alfalfa hay without any grain at all, the horses perform the heaviest work and keep strong and in good condition. It testifies to the quality and value of Llano alfalfa. Occasionally some of the stock is turned out on the range. About thirty men on the ranch use teams. They are all interested in the management of the corrals and are pleased with it. One team is kept busy in corral work. The corral resembles a huge construction camp's equipment, with the many horses, the feed racks, the wagons and farm implements. Everyone is proud of this department and the way in which it is conducted. With the regular handling of timber, the establishing of deliveries of vegetables, milk, and groceries, the hauling of materials for building at the permanent city, and the herding of more livestock, a greater number of horses will be required. The Llano del Rio Colony will use many horses. - - -oRSES are now most important in doing the work of the ranch, and will continue to be important for some f time to come, but in the opinion of ]. C. Crawford, ___j who has charge of the corrals, the day will come when virtually all of the work now being done by horses and mules will be performed by machinery. The climate and soil and contour of the land present no problems not easily surmounted. A Jack worth $1000, horses and mares worth $7000 and mules worth $2600, make up the work stock of Llano. There are twelve mules and eight-five horses. Wagons and harness are valued at $2000. About thirty head of work stock and several wagons in addition could be used to advantage in the opinion of the farmers. Though it is the expectation that eventual~ ly machinery will be substituted for horses and mules, nevertheless it is the intention of this department to raise as many mules as possible. and the twenty brood FATIENING PORKERS FOR LLANO TABLES. The finest pork to be bought anywhere is served to the mares are expected to residents of Llano. The insert shows "'.Jimmie'' the hi gh-priced registered Duroc·Jersey boar of which the produce colts that will hog department is so proud. !::!~ is a blue ribbon w inner.- Photo by Banbury. add materially to the value of our livestock. The horses and mules .are kept to the north of the present town of Llano. A huge new stone barn is already under construction. It will be eighty feet in width, and one hundred and l..ANO claims to have one of the largest rabbitries in sixty-two feet in length and will be modern and convenient. The horses and mules will be sheltered along the sides, while the West. Within two years more, following the plan the vast interior of the building will be filled with hay. Harof W. L. Kilmer, who has charge of it, Llano will ness rooms, feed rooms, and all equipment that makes a really _ __ have the largest in the West, if not in the entire counup-to-date horse barn, will be built in. Though it is expected try. This is plausible because it is the property of all. that machinery may take the place of horses, yet that day is Established March 24, 1915, by Comrade Kilmer, who prestill some time off, and as Llano has the material necessary, ceded the rabbits by about a month, the industry has grown and the men who know how, to build ~ barn, the work stock steadily. Fifty New Zealand rabbits made up the nucleus; are to be given adequate shelter. it has been increased till now there are about three hundred Two men are kept constantly employed in addition to Com- breeding does. It will have eight hundred as soon as Comrade rade Crawford. They are E. 0. Musselman, who works in the Kilmer can raise and select suitable stock to bring it up to harness room, keeping the hamess·in repair, and Frank Szillat that number. Comrade Kilmer is assisted in the work by Comwho is the yard man. rade H. H. Montgomery. ' Hi Thousands of Rabbits \ �The Page fourteen The entire cash outlay for feed and for materials to build the rabbitries has been perhaps $600. The rabbits have cost nothing in cash. This is a very small cash outlay consid~ing the fact that so much of it has gone for equipment and that, besides increasing his breeding stock enormously: Comrade Kilmer has turned in meat to the commissary which the books show to be valued at $747.00. This figure was for meat turned in from January I, to November I, 1916. Before coming to Llano, Comrade Kilmer was engaged in the rabbit industry, and he knew its possibilities. With meat becoming more and more scarce it was apparent that some substitute for beef and pork and mutton must be found. Rab- Mon is Brothers, who take care of the range herds and who expect to make their department one of the most important of the Llano - Photo by Banbury del Rio possessiens within five years. bits seemed to offer the solution to the problem. All over the United States others were learning the same thing. The market value of rabbits leaped from practically nothing to 25 and 30 cents a pound. Rabbit raising at Llano is a scientific and carefully handled industry. Though Kilmer knows his business he claims to be merely a student. He is always open for new ideas, and constantly studies his pets. In the selection of breeds he paid little attention to the claims made by the fanciers of the different breeds. Instead, he is comparing and keeping records. He has New lealands, Flemish Giants, Belgians, and Angoras, besides a few albinos. His comparisons of the breeds under identical conditions at Llano has shown him the following facts; though he has not yet finished his studies and is withholding judgment. The New lealands breed true to color and are therefore growing in favor with fanciers. They are comparatively small eaters, yet they grow as large as any rabbits, and command a better price at one to one and a half pounds in size, the time when it is most profitable to· dispose of them. This is the size the market demands. The Belgians vary in color more, but are excellent off-season breeders. They do not seem to be greatly different in many respects from New lealands. The Flemish Giants are much like the Belgians, breeding less true to color, perhaps, than even the Belgians. When fully matured they are larger, but do not make the quick early growth characteristic of the New lealands. The Angoras have the long, white, fluffy hair which gives them their name. It has been Comrade Kilmer's experience that they make probably the best mothers. They are chiefly in demand as pets. \ Western Comrade The Albinos are considered chiefly as sports, and .are not taken seriously. Comrade Kilmer confesses to a preference for the New lealands at present, though he has a larger stock of Belgians. When he has built up the rabbitry to 800 or I 000 breeding does he intends to maintain the greater number in New lealands. Stock is now being graded, and will gradually be worked up to pure bred stock of different breeds. Alfalfa hay is being fed, with some roots, such as carrots, and a little grain for the breeding stock. Outlook For The Rabbiby The new rabbitry has been pretty well completed, or rather, the first unit. It has been built quadrangular, 15 feet in width, three completed sides measuring 72, 84, and 91 feet respectively. A three foot aisle down the center of each house permits strings of hutches two feet wide, four feet in length, and three in a tier. Stock intended to be marketed is kept in corrals, a hundred or more in each corral. The inside of the quadrangle, forming a court, will be devoted to this purpose. The feed house is separate. Hay is hauled and stacked conveniently near. It is the ideal of the rabbit department to furnish meat for Llano, to have meat to sell, to find a profitable method of using the pelts of the rabbits, and to sell stock to fanciers. These things are possible of achievement soon. Every condition here indicates the highest success. A great deal of meat has already been supplied. For lack of housing, the rabbit ry has been hampered. Rabbits are healthy here, food is cheaply produced, and now the immediate housing requirements are satisfied. The chief demand is for New lealands, Belgians, and Flemish Giants. Comrade Kilmer expects to raise many prize winn~rs. He plans to cater to the class of fanciers who pay from $2 to $1000 for rabbits that catch their fancy. Rabbits make suitable pets; there is money to be made selling them. The demand for fur and leather suggests great possibilities in disposing of the pelts; when the tannery is established here is a fruitful field for investigation and study. It is planned to can the meat for profitable marketing. It is also possible to sell the meat fresh in the Los Angeles markets. One man can care for 300 to 400 breeders and the young. Some interesting ligures are brought out. An average litter is six; they are ready for market at four to ten weeks old, and will dress out between one and two and a half pounds, the meat being worth twenty-five to thirty cents. Four litters are produced in a year. The cost of feeding is one "cent a day for the mother and young. This is far cheaper than any other meat can be produced. Llano rabbits are already profitable. They will soon become a source of income and their importance will grow with the development of Llano. Plan for Much Poultry - - - HERE is probably as much misinformation and as much superstition regarding the raising of chickens as can be found anywhere. From the unfounded __ _ _ belief that pointed eggs produce roosters, to the scientific handling of poultry, is a wide sweep. A few years ago a gentlemen in Kansas City put poultry into the highly commercialized class of products by exploiting them as breakfast foods and automobiles are exploited. He produced a $10,000 hen and took along a trained nurse to take care of her on her trips to the poultry shows. Eggs sold T �The Western Comrade at fabulotl$ prices. Whether the owner made any money or not, he put the -poultry business on a new basis. Another commercial minded poultry man advertised extensively how he became rich by intensive poultry production. His fad was chickens in the back yard. H~ didn't mention what the neighbors had to say regarding chickens under their windows, but he probably made money teiling others how to transform the back yard into a profitable hen yard. From these extreme cases to the rnoducing of poultry at Llano is a long way. In Llano there are no fads being tried out. The chickens are White Leghorns, acknowledged to be good layers. A tested laying strain will be developed. It is the ambition of the poultrymen to raise ten thousand chicks during the coming year. George T. Pickett and the boys of the Junior Colony are now in charge of the chickens. They have a good start, have a poultry house seventy feet by sixteen feet and expect to make it larger. They are planting alfalfa to produce range ' and green feed. They expect to have running water in all of the yards. The sandy soil, the pure air and water, and the range over the alfalfa field constitute ideal conditions. The house is of adobe brick. It is the plan to purchase day-old chicks this year instead of putting in an incubation system. The latter will be developed next season when the poultry business will be well established. Hope To Have 1000 Turkeys Early last spring, we bought some baby turkeys, poults, as they are called. George Pickett took charge of them, and had exceptional luck, losing but few. Now he has on hand a flock of a hundred and thirty fine turkeys, one hundred of them being hens. Two great Toms, 28 to 30 ponuds each, head the flock and strut proudly ahead, gobbling their defiance of anyone who would dare suggest making them the center of the Christmas dinner. The thirty smaller Toms have gone the way that most turkeys do during the holiday season. Starting with this fine flock of I 00 Bronze Turkeys, Pickett :111d the boys at the Junior Colony expect to develop a flock of 1000 for the holidays next year. Grain fields are to be planted this winter and when the turkeys are large enoughnlong in April or May- they will be taken to these fields to grow and fatten . During the first three weeks of the young turkey's life, he is carefully handled. Hard boiled egg, chopped onion , and milk curd form the bill of fare. This is the critical period. Safely past the fust month of his life. the young turkey becomes rugged and hardy and can st>.nd inclement weather and all sorts of hardships. But a mere chill during the first three weeks is enough to end his career. Comrade Pickett figures the alue of the turl.-eys he will start the year with at about $350; this is a conservative estimate. If he is able to repeat the success of this year he will be able to raise a thousand turkeys, worth more than $3000 in all. And that is but the beginning of what he hopes to do. Duck, Quail, Pheasants, Guineas, Pea Fowl. Hopes and ambitions for the poultry department are farreaching. just at present chickens and turkeys are the stock on hand. But ducks, geese, pea fowl, guinea fowl, pi!eoRs, quail and pheasants can as well be added, and it is the ambition of the poultry department to have them before another year has passed. Correspondence from those having any of this stock is solicited. Bee Industry Pays o··~LY a bee man can appreciate what these busy little [ co-operators are worth to the Llano del Rio Colony. rLlano has 700 colonies, 40,000 to 60,000 residents in _ _ each, and they are the most loyal workers that are to be found ;mywhere. Comrades B. G. Burdick, Wm. F. Bragg, and C. B. Shrock, the latter living at Riverside to care for the Colony bees at that place, handle the 700 stands of bees. Two years ago last November when Comrade Burdick brought 150 stands to Llano, he established an industry that last year turned into the com:Oissary $1350 worth of splendid honey. But that was not all of the wealth produced; the increase in bees was worth $1000. Its present value, bees in hand, and honey produced during the season of 1916 makes it a $4850 industry. There are no inflated val ues in these ligures ; they are standard and are taken from facts familiar to any bee man. Comrade B. G. Burdick has been a bee keeper for twenty three years. He was president of the California Bee K~epers ' Association for three years. He understands the business thoroughly. He expects to have 5000 stands of bees in Llano and vicinity within a few years. A stand of bees is worth about $5.00; the average of 120 pounds of honey from each is worth !ANY FINE JERSEY IN THE llANO DAIRY. These cows are fed only alfalfa hay, yet the mill p~oduclioo is ~uy high. The J.,.., s and Hokteins in the henl are splendid cows and the herd is now headed by a thoroughbred repstered Holstem bull of royal lin~e.-PhOto by Banbury. �Pa~ The sixteen from four to eight cents a pound, and averaging at six cents brinSJ the yearly production to $720 for each hive. Adding the value of the swarm to the value of the honey p~uced gives $12.20 for the annual value. Multiply this by 5000, and you will gain some idea of the value of the Llano bee industry within a very few years; the huge total is more than $60,000. The Llano del Rio Colony will probably be the largest bee keeper in the world by that time. Bees can be artificially swarmed every thirty to forty days during a part of the year, but this necessarily cuts down the production of honey. During the coming year the Llano stands will be increased to 1500 or more. Their present value is $3500; by the beginning of next year the value will be $7000, with the value of the honey produced in addition to this. $3000 worth of honey should be produced during the season of 1917. About half of the Llano bees are near Riverside,.~here they make orange blossom honey. The rest of them are scattered about the district adjacent to the Colony. Eventually many persons will be employed in this department. The honey producing season commences in earnest in June and is at its best through june, july, and August, but continues to be profitable unil the frosts come, usually in October. Llano bees in the San Bernardino valley begin work in April, and work through April, May, and June. The bee department's requisition for 25,000 feet of sugar pine and 15,000 feet of cedar for hives was one of the first large orders for the Llano sawmill. Most of the equipment for the bee business will be manufactured at Llano, so the cost of the bee industry will be very small to Llano. The present equipment is adequate and will continue to be sufficient with very few purchases because so much can be manufactured in the Colony. It is the ambition of the bee department to increase the number of stands as rapidly as possible and to sell the honey by mail order. Many inquiries for Llano honey have already come in, but it has been impos~ible to fill them, as the entire output of honey is consumed here. Honey is a part of each day's menu. The intention is to extract the honey, put it up in 3, 5 and 10 pound cans, and deliver it by parcel post. Honey is extracted by machinery. The comb is "capped" by cutting off the tops of the cells. The combs are then put into baskets in tanks and whirled rapidly, cen-trifugal force throwing the honey out. The uncapped combs are then returned to the hives to be refilled by the patient exploited bees. Their production is thus greatly increased as they do not have to build new combs each time. Another source of income from the bee department at Llano, and one that has not been considered in reckoning the probable value of this department, is the propagation and sale of queen bees. The Colony stands are largely Carnolians and Italians. These bees are in great demand. The exceptional conditions existing at Llano offer opportunities for developing a good business in selling Llano queens. Women can handle this work very nicely, and Comrade Burdick is hopeful of interesting them in the work. As queens are worth one dollar each and are not hard to rear, it is plain that this can become a very profitable industry. Some interesting facts concerning bees are learned by studying them. The average life of a worker in the busy season is four to six weeks. Bees have been known to fly fifteen miles with honey, and can work with advantage over a radius of three miles. The bee earns its reputation for thrifty industriousness by beginning at daylight and working till dark. The quality of the honey produced depends on the blossoms on which the bees work, so the different seasons of the year as \ WesterD Comrade well as different localities make a great difference in the honey produced. The lighter in color the honey, the higher the price, though an effort is now being made to grade honey differently to prevent exploitation of bee keepers by the buyers and wholesalers. It is the intention of the Llano bee department to standardize in as few grades as possible, and then hold to these grades, so that any order can be exactly duplicated at any time. This will be acomplished through careful blending. To Have Wool Goats [TI OUGH it has ·not been given special attention, there is one industry at Llano which is making progress steadily, and promises to take its place as not only unique, but highly remunerative. This is goat raising. A herd of twelve nannies, most of them blooded Swiss milk goats, are the nucleus of the herd. The patriarchal Billy who THIS $1000 JACK WON THE FIRST PRIZE when he was exhibited at the Antelope Valley Fair. He is the finest in the valley and is truly a splendid animal.--J'hoto by Banbury. heads the flock is valued at $500; he is a goat of marvelous size and impressive appearance. · The boys and girls of the Junior Colony have charge of the goats, and have had for some months. The boys and girls milk and feed the goats and claim them as their property. They expect to develop a herd that will become a source of revenue to their colony. Goat milk is coming more and more into favor. It is very rich and raises a cream just as cows' milk does. In some cities there is an established business in supplying goats' milk. Sometimes the goats are rented. Many physicians prescribe goats' milk for their patients. The milk is very rich and highly nutritious. Some of the goats in the Llano flock give a gallon of milk a day. It is richer than cows' milk. Llano's goats are fed alfalfa, garden truck, turnip tops, and similar food. They are allowed to browse on the brush (Continued on Page 28) �The Western Comrade Page seventeen An· Active Week at LlanO - - -T has been said often that we are too near the Hying I events to perceive them in their true colors and meaning. Therefore, it seems to me that the most interesting thing this month for all our good friends on the outside would be to tell them of the happenings here during the week of November 28 to December 7. This article is not what the editor asked for. I was supposed to write a poetic description of the valley, of its everchanging colors which are perhaps the most charming in the world, the surroundings, the geography, the topography, etc. But somehow the muse would not come, and yet the callous editor kept calling for "copy." I was not in an inspired frame of mind when I climbed into bed at midnight and proceeded to chew my pencil in a vain attempt to get started. Then from an unexpected source came a Hood of ideas when good old Comrade La Franchi of Idaho drove in at I: 15 Sunday morning with fourteen more new arrivals and wanted to know where to put them for the remainder of the night. The Saturday night dance was over, and Llano was quiet. I thought the day's work was over except for the story that I must have ready for the December issue. The past week had been one of the most strenuous from a housing standpoint that the Colony has ever experienced. Idaho had fallen on us like an avalanche and had taxed our' accomodations to the uttermost. Fifteen new members with their families had arrived. Besides them there were visitors from Canada, Texas, Arizona, New jersey, Minnesota, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania, and also some nearby neighbors. Housing was the paramount problem. In all more than seventy-five persons had to be immediately provided for, and made as comfortable as possible where conditions were already crowded. However, all were good natured and understood what was possible and what was not. It was not long before everything in the hotel - was full. Our good colonists, and we certainly do have hosts of them, volunteered space, bedrooms, blankets and everything necessary to make the people comfortable. Our kitchen and dining room force, the finest in the world, I actually believe, with smiles wreathing their faces, pitched in and catered nobly to the demands of the tired and hungry arrivals; the commissary force, just as m·uch interested, but horribly perturbed lest the supplies would run short, filled all our demands with grace; the creamery supplies were drawn on with unusual persistence, but Groves and his force dug up supplies from some mysterious source that has always been a wonder to me. This was the condition on Friday and Saturday. People generally were comfortable and truly good natured, and enjoyed to the limit the Saturday evening dance. One of the greatest crowds eyer assembled for a dance gathered, and the contagion of fun entered everybody. The musicians, ever enthusiastic, pitched in and fully ten strong got on the platform and amazed everybody· with the music furnished. There were no delays between dances, and no one who cared to get on the floor went without a dance. The big crowd surely demonstrated that the hall was too small. The hall which is also the dining room, is 65 by 75 feet, yet if it were twi_ce as large it would not be sufficient to ·accomodate 'those willing to take part in the festivities, and fully accomodate the crowds that twice weekly gather to attend the entertainments. Comrade La Franchi of Idaho, had been writin.g us for a long time saying: "Look out!" I'm cpming with a whole bunch \ s·y Robert K. Williams of people." We believed him, and started to prepare for them. A group of volunteers, one Sunday, went out to the "wash" about a mile east, and gathered boulders to build a dormitory~ W-e made a good start that day, sending in some twenty-five loads. The following morning Comrades Will, Tygeson, Swan~ son, Loring, Moulton, Pascoe, Lewitzky and others got busy with the lime and sand that Comrade Irwin- of Idaho had hauled in, and the foundation of a dormitory 134 feet by 32 feet was started. Stone work is slow, but fine time was made on this building; b~t before we could get it half completed, the influx from Idaho started, and at the same' time comrades from Illinois, New jersey, Minnesota, California, and elsewhere arrived. As I -said, everyone had gone home after the dance and I was trying to get out a story. Comrade La Franchi had said, earlier in the evening, that he was going down to the railroad station to get nine more people from Idaho. When he did not return by midnight we gav.e him up and I started to write. When, at one hour and fifteen minutes after midnight, La Franchi's voice sounding like a lost soul through the tent walls, informed me that he had fourteen more people, I had my inspiration for a story. They were not the people he had gone after.; they were relatives and friends of the earlier arrivals from Idaho. After considerable skirmishing we got them settled comfortably for the rest of the night. Sunday was spent looking about for places of shelter. I discovered that Charlie Leedom had recently purchased a large tCilt which he had not yet had a chance to use. An idea struck me that perhaps this could be fitted up and used for some of the new arrivals. He agreed to give it up, and Mrs. Leedom suggested moving it to a new location. While my slow head was wondering how soon teams could be procured, she announced that it could be carried on the shoulders of the Llano stalwarts. just at that moment ten men and boys finished moving a piano for Dr. Peterson, next door to Leedom's. just the thing! They agreed with alacrity to help move the lent, and within a few minutes fifty men and boys were ready, took hold of the tent, and moved it to its new location. After this affair, several carloads of nearby friends, as well as the new members, were sent over the ranch and returned late for supper. A most inspiring sight met their eyes as they- opened the door. A line of hungry diners almost a hundred feet long, was passing before the servers at the cafeteria tables. A hum of conversation, laughter and noise filled the hall. Everyone seemed happy. For weeks the youngsters, as well as the older people, had been keyed up to a high state of expectation over the minstrel show that Comrade A. A. Stewart, NOT of Idaho had been advertising. Stewart likes minstrels. Perhaps it is because he is a continuous minstrel show himself, and likes to appear natural. At 6:50 the crowd began to gather. The show was advertised for 8:00, but this made no difference to the eager spectators. The tables were still occupied by diners, but chairs were arranged and a vigil began. Considerable difficulty was experienced by the dining room girls in catering to the wants of the diners, but all were served and everyone was happy, though the little tots were very much in the way. La Franchi again! Jje appears and says that nine more from South Carolina, relatives of Mrs. McBride of Idaho, were at Palmdale, and he and another were going in for them. -- Poor �Page eighteen La Franchi! He came all the way from Idaho to see the Llano The Western Comrade assemble before the hotel to have some pictures taken. A big surprise was in -store for many of the colonists, who had not minstrels, and had to miss seeing them. In the meantime a tent with three beds was discovered un- realized how well the State of Idaho is represented her~. More than 125 lined up in front of the camera, and Comrade • occupied and the new arrivals had a place to go. At 8: 15 the curtain.rose on a circle of black-faced minstrels. Banbury snapshotted them. While the housing conditions are inadequate and the needs The hall was filled to over8owing. It was an interesting sight. A year ago there were scarcely enough people to fill even the pressing, some way always seems to be open to take care of smaller hall. Two and a half years ago, scarcely a dozen the newcomers. At the present time we are asking all who can could have been gathered to hear a minstrel show, if such a possibly do so to advance a sufficient sum, usually from $100 to $200, to buy lumber for immediate needs. We are talking show. were possible. 011e can now foresee a larger and still larger halls which of the immediate needs only. The saw mill, it is true, will will be required to accommodate the folk who will come to this solve these difficulties, but various things conspire to keep us mecca, this great drawing magnet of the radical world. One from getting a sufficient supply from there. For instance, we cannot help but foresee a great community here. The Llano have several big jobs on hand that seem to be pressing. The enterprise is growing in spite of everything, and nothing but a dormitory, surely much needed, will require several thousand calamity yet undreamed of can keep the Llano del Rio Colony feet of lumber. The horse barn will require a lot of lumber. from being the most widely known co-operative movement in The Montessori school is to be a big building and will also require a considerable quantity. The enlarging of the hotel the world. " The minstrel show was good despite lack of practice. It dining room and assembly hall is another requirement. Roofs was evident that much talent exists in the Colony, and like everything else that has a start will develop into something bigger and better. Dramatic clubs, choruses, glee clubs, and soloists are developing, and getting on to a working basis. An opportunity is afforded in Llano for the development of genius, and illl that is required is purpose and initiative. The jokes were good, and generally the singing was better than is usually found, though all the soloists make apologies. Their efforts were appreciated, and everyone having the courage to get before GOAT RAISING can be developed into an extensive and profitable industry in Llano. The brush on the a big audience and do hillsides and on the plains below will support thousands of goats. It is the intention of the livestock deanything deserves sympartment to procure a herd of wool-bearing Angoras. The bucks shown here have a value of $200. pathy and credit. The Colony is always sympathetic and generous, one of the finest traits found here. have to be put on many old frames now standing- a hundred Recently Comrade job Harriman gave us a talk and in the places require lumber, and it will tax the capacity of the teamcourse of his splendid remarks said that the success of this sters, the woodcutters in the hills, and the sawyers at the mill Colony depended on the state of mind. Bert Engle, one of the to keep abreast of the demand. original members of the organization, who acted as "Jingles" I wish I could impress upon everyone intending to come here and rattled the bones a:s end man, said to Interlocutor Allen the true housing situation, and the necessity of coming preof Idaho: "Mr. Allen, yo' 'member Pres'dent Harrman saying pared with tents, bedding and the like. If we were just an dat de sucksess of dis yer Colony dapended on a state ob ordinary community with settled conditions we could organize mind?" "Yes. sir," said Comrade Allen, "I remember that re- and take care of everything arising, but it is quite impossible. mark and think that it is perfectly true. I belleve that the The ordinary hotel would be delighted at the number of arsuccess of the Llano Colony does depend on a state of mind." rivals, and would be waxing fat on the profits. With us it "I muss disgree wid you, Mistah Allen," was Jingles' reply, is different. Each new boarder at the hotel means more work 'Tse been thinkin' dis yer thing over, and hab concluded in the kitchen and calls for more equipment with which to do dat de sucksess of dis yer Llano Colony depends mostly on the work. We are kept enlarging and extending, and before we de State ob Idaho." get the job finished a new lot of arrivals come5 in, and we have Thus the jokes went. The big audience was kept in a to do it all over again. There is no possibility of saying how continuous uproar. far to enlarge or how big to make anything. We don't know On Monday morning the Idaho contingent was asked to and have to meet conditions. �The Western Comrade Page nineteen We know this~-Now that the first big installment of Idaho people are here, and are as comfortable as possible, it will not be long before a new force of eager colonists will come from Arizona-how many I don't know, but the promises are for many. When they come and are absorbed into the great growing movement, another crowd will come with money, stock, implements. etc., from Walter Huggins' territory in and about Chicago and the Middle West. It would not surprise us to see a couple of carloads come in from the Mississippi valley in the early spring. Our weather has been delightful, Rarely does the thermometer go below freezing point. People in the east and north contrast this condition with those they are contending with, and decide in favor of California. Now is the time for men and women to show the spirit that counts. As a ma tter of fact, we are pioneering de luxe. We are together and have social life. We have plenty to eat, and we have amusements, and we have everything the pioneer does not have. Round about us are families who have been pioneering for fifteen years, and they are not through yet and never will be. They are isolated from neighbors, far away from markets, and the life is lonely and discouraging. This condition does not, and never has, obtained in Llano. We have our social delights, our dances, concerts, minstrels and other entertainments, and I believe people here who want to be busy and fully occupied , can reach that state more easily and quickly here than anywhere else on earth. The days are no t long enough, or enough of them in the week to permit of working out the plans we have. As I said, this is the time to be sports. Pardon the word, but /it fits. A sport is one who takes things as they are, be it win or lose. The difference here is that there is no losing. But it takes spirit to keep in the game. Life in a measure is the game. So few of us know how to play it. Anyone easily discouraged and easily disappointed and suffering from in!(rown pride-for heaven's sake, keep away from Llano. Freedom is offered here for all those with purpose and a desire to be tter their social and economic welfare. I have seen many students of psychology, that is, character readers, and most of them were studying books. I've come to the conclusion that the huma n mind with its myriad slants has ne ver been touched in the books. It is this phase that makes life so interesting in Llano. We all think we are liberal and can fit anywhere. Just take a long breath here. We're like .Achilles; we have a vulnerable spot It seems that we can find it quicker here than elsewhere. When the little tender vanity is touched the whole world is tinged with yellow. When the hole in our armor is found, just remember this, that never more than one or two know anything about it, and unless you rave and wave your arms and cry that you are hurt, the social circle will continue on as before, troubling itself not with your troubles. We are here in a group, almost a thousand now, with a purpose, and that purpose is to improve ourselves in every way. It is already done and can be bettered, but the better the man and woman, the better the result. The world of Llano has little use for the weakling or the morose or the blind follower of fad. One can expect but little sympathy if a disposition is not shown to go half the distance. Meet the other fellow half way and then some and the troubles here as well as elsewhere will be solved. It is much finer to give than to receive. Remember the more you give the happier you will be. Service is the test. In service one can be lost from troubles and grow bigger and better. I suppose when the editor sees this, he will throw his hands in the air and tear his blond hair, Jor I have violated all precedents and disobeyed his orders. But his story wasn't \ in me this month. We have a condition in Llano to be met. I am anxious to see it met. We are meeting it and will continue to do so. The people ·that come will do more than their share, and anyhow this story is not written for home consumption. It's to give you folks on the outside some idea of what we are and what we need. It also is for the purpose of telling you that you cannot do better than come here, but when you come, come prepared to adjust yourself to conditions. Bring your own tents, all the furniture you have and all the clothing you possess. Just figure if you can, that you are coming to a desert where you cannot procure a thing for a long while, and then when you arrive you will find that conditions are better than ·y ou expected and that a warm and generous welcome awaits you, and where with Gocl's blessing, all your hopes can be realized. Now to sum up how you should prepare to come to Llano. Give notice as far in advance as you can so we will have time to prepare. You will be better satisfied if you send money in advance so that a temporary house can be constructed for you. Write for particulars about this. Bring all of the warm clothing you can, overcoats, underwear, sweaters, shirts, dresses, stockings, sockS, etc. Bring shoes, plenty of them- heavy, stout ones. Things you think are not nice enough to wear where you have been living are just exactly what you need here. Better bring what you will never need than to throw away or give away things which will be useful here. Bring bedding, lots of it, more than you think you will use. Bring beds, furniture, EVERYTHING. You will make everything easier for everybody if you do this. Try to arrange to have some money to make purchases of small luxuries and necessities that the commissary may not have when you recqdent you can make yourself quire them. The more in of the commissary in the clo ing the more satisfied to convey is that you you will be. The idea I am t · should come as fully prepared as you possibly can. While we expect someday to have woolen and cotton mills and shoe factories, we want you to come prepared as fully as possible for the time that must intervene. Remember, a membership is not a pension; as a co-operator you must be as selfreliant as possible, making your expense as light as possible and thus hasten the day when the Colony can be entirely selfsupporting. Last of all, be sure to write as far in advance as you can so that preparations may be made for you . INSPECTING THE WORLD'S MYSTERIES. This inquisitive little fellow was caught by the camera man as he put an inquiring nose out to inspect a visitor .- Photo by Banbury. ~- �The Page twenty Western Comrad e How They Hate Publicity a moving picture camera. We'll get him to shoot the parade." This was in the days before moving picture cameras were celebrated. For weeks we had been supplying the press of the country with stories. Peach Day was so widely used. Moving pictures were common enough, but ___ among the first of the commercial holidays which probably not one person in a thousand in our town had ever have become a factor in advertising and popularizing products, seen them made, and not one in ten thousand had ever had and as pioneers we were forcing the public to observe the the proud honor of appearing on the screen, even in a crowd. day. We urged the world to eat peaches on Peach Day and on We jumped at the idea. The boss deemed it time to prove that he was the original every other day in the year. We issued statements, government statistics, and the results of the investigations of certain home of productive. thought. "We can pull the biggest crowd subsidized "professors" to show that peaches ha..d extraordin- that ever came to town. We'll play it up that the moving picary food value, that they were historical, that they were any- ture companies want to get this stuff for the circuits to run in the weeklies. Most of these people never saw pictures taken thing and everything good. . Though we had boosted Peach Day all over tile country by and they'll all want to get into it. It'll be good advertising means of impressive posters, magazine ·articles, and press stor- for our city." I have noticed that it is the firm conviction of every resident ies, we had done nothing at home. The city which boasted of being "the peach center of the Western hemisphere" had of every city that the rest of the world just hungers to see done nothing to celebrate the day it asked the rest of the world his little town on the film. My own observation has been that to observe. Interested persons elsewhere were asking em- the average audience hates to see any other town but his own on the screen. harassing questions. · "I betcha a million people will come to town" said Sam Our prosperity was founded on peaches. We talked them, raised them, sold them. They displaced the weather as the opening sentence of casual or time - filling conversation. This was the condition when Sam Levers strolled into the office about three days before Peach Day. He was advertising manager for the Morning Democrat. His &pecialty was ideas, which was one of the reasons he held his responsible position oh the LLANO CALVES ARE SLEEK AND HEALTHY. They are kept in the corral near the dairy barn until they leading paper of the are large enough and sturdy enough to make their way on the range. Then they are put into the range state. There was no herd and kept till they come fresh and go into the milk herd.-Photo by Banbury. birth control of ideas when he was concerned. Sam wasted no time. "You know, we oughta celebrate excitedly. He had the habit of using big figures; it grew out Peach Day right here at home. If the rest of the country of telling advertisers about the circulation of the "Democrat." knew that we don't even do what we ask them to do, Peach It wasn't the circulation, but the telling of it that brought in Day would be as popular as Yom Kipper in Hong Kong. We the big figures. So it was arranged that I should write a story to run under gotta put something over. It's up to us to make a noise. Can't you fellows think of something? You'd oughta; you're a three column head, telling the credulous public of Peachtown advertising it." . that a celebration was to be held. Sam promised to see the It's always easy for the fellow who gets hold of the skeleton mayor and the city council and the Merchants' Association. of an idea to put it up to someone else to work out, and then and have the holiday proclaimed. This was also deemed if it succeeds to throw out his chest and take all of the credit. good publicity that a holiday should be proclaimed in honor of I suppose there are people who suggested to the Wright broth- Peaches. "We'll get 'em all in close-ups and they'll fall for it," ers that they should make an aeroplane, and who now take the concluded Sam with the confidence that comes from a percredit of having given the idea to them. But I must say that sonal knowledge of how public officials and officials of Associations yearn for the spotlight. Sam was usually able to work out his own ideas. So Sam left to see the city officials and fix up for the We remained silent. That's the usual way of concealing a mental vacuum. Sam continued: ''I'll get you all of the holiday. I wrote the story telling that Peach Day was to be space you need in the paper. You write up the stuff and we'll officially celebrated; that it was to be a holiday; that the first stir up something. Say, I'll tell you what we want to do," Sam moving pictures ever taken in Peachtown were to show our warmed up to the subject, "let's get up a Peach Day parade. prosperous and thriving city to a waiting and curious world. Get out the Fire Department, and the police, and the militia, The story made a good showing when it appeared with a three and the band, and make a showing. Duval has just bought · column head. It was really the big story of the day. - - - N just three days more the great Peach Day would be I �The Western Comrade Jack London · By FRANK E. WOLFE J ACK LONDON IS DEAD. The bold, brave, hearty, wholesome Jack who lived a life story as wonderful as the stories he wrote is gone. Lovers of real strong men will miss him. Socialists the world wide have most cause to mourn his loss. He understood the workers better than any American writer. Some of his least known writings were his best. His "People of the Abyss" was the most vivid picture ever painted of the submerged, teeming millions of England. Thousands of the obscure who knew Jack personally will silently grieve. Jack lived and .loved and laughed through life despite a rather dismal outlook for the future of the workers. He saw surcease only after the cataclysm of the Iron Heel. For this Jack held. In the last note I received .from him he responded to my goading by a terse reference to the Iron Heel as the inevitable outcome. "What life means to me" meant much to all of us. The solution came for Jack as we should wishquickly and without expectation or knowledge of its earness. His imprint will long remain. Our comade has passed and the world will long turn in the athe of time before the workers shall have a chamion his equal. U The next morning the paper carried interviews with the mayor, the chief of police, the secretary of the Merchants' Association, the president of the Chamber of Commerce, and others, with cuts of such of them as were to be found in the "morgue" of the "Democrat." The interviews were secured by telephone. the method pursued being to call up the official tell him about the holiday, the parade, the moving pictures, and ask him if he didn't think it would be a splendid thing for the city. Of course he did, and the next morning he was quoted to this effect. Some of them were made to say that it would draw the attention of millions to the city of Peachtown. They all saw the desirability of appearing in the parade, I didn't have to point that out. The story carried in the headlines the astonishing information that it was to be shown in five thousant picture theaters throughout the country and that it would be seen by millions of persons. On the third day, Peach Day, the paper told of the police arrangements made to handle the immense crowds, of how the people from neighboring towns were coming, of final preparations, and reiterated all the glaring assertions made on previous days. The parade was set for ten o'clock promptly; the pictures were to be taken where they would show the "Democrat" building, of course. , In the meantime Sam had got busy. He had seen Duval and got the latter's consent. But Duval had just bought the machine and had never yet turned the crank. He was a novice at the business, too. Moreover, he had but five hundred feet of film. This last fact sealed his fate. When I learned that Good-bye John Barleycorn G OOD-BYE, JOHN BARLEYCORN: You are on your way. The inexorable law of economic determinism has you skidding. The moral issue failed utterly to destroy the Demon Rum. King Alcohol laughed defiantly at the devices and puny efforts of the few preachers whose hearers nodded approval and shouted amens, but who straightway went and voted wet so it wouldn't hurt business. Now it has been discovered that in dry towns there are more profits for the small capitalist and the Demon has instantly lost its staunchest supporters. With the election ret~rns, the map shows that one may travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada to the Gulf through territory as dry as a Death Valley lizard. The four new dry states Michigan, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Montana make this possible. Detroit becomes the largest dry city in America. Truly, John Barleycorn is on his way, and the Socialists should rejoice. This demise will clear thousands of muddled brains and make stronger fighters ih the cause of the emancipation of the workers. we refused to allow him to try out his camera. We feared he would use up all his film. Long before ten o'clock the crowd was on hand. Every owner of an automobile was lined up ready to parade for the movies. Pedestrians shrewdly figured that if they became a background they would remain in the picture longer. So far the celebration was a success. Sam was exultant. "Nothing of this kind ever happened in this man's town before." He was right about that. I was nominated and unanimously elected to handle the parade. The committee consisted of the boss and Sam and myself, so I was hopelessly in the minority at all times because the boss and Sam wanted to ride in an automobile and be of the spotlight brigade themselves. Duval was there with his picture machine, doubtful as to results, and fearful as to his reputation, but spurred on because he didn't want to offend Sam Levers who gave him much work on the "Democrat." He had pleaded for leave to use it in advance and become accustomed, but we were afraid he might lose courage, and we would not consent. When the eventful hour arrived the police were on hand, resplendent in all their pompous glory. They also thirsted for film fame. The plan was for them to lead the parade, and then double back and hold the surging mob in place, while the automobiles had the right of way. The streets were jammed with a screen-crazy mob. We had plenty to do to keep the crowd back. (Continued on Page 28) �EDUCATION Page twenty-two Children and Livestock • The By M i I d r e d Western Comrade G. B u x t o n HE livestock of Llano plays an important part in the Even the wee ones of the Montessori school learn much of animal life and care by observation. Little Jean, aged education of the Colony children . At the junior Colony several hundred chickens three, surprised her teacher one day when riding home past claim and receive the close attention that successful the cow corral, by pointing out a sick cow and going on to chicken raismg requires; more than a hundred turkeys state that she was sick because she had eaten too much alfalfa strut majestically about quite as though they were not depend- and that the bit was put into her mouth so that she would eat more slowly and so get well. She was not the daughter ent on the thoughtfulness of the young people. Many rabbits owe their good health to the warm hutches of a farmer, either. In fact, it is the observation developed that constitutes the · built by the boys, and the fact that meal time is regularly observed. Several tiny pigs, too weak to be cared for at educational value of the care of these animals. Regularity the hog ranch are sent to the children for their -tender care, must be adhered to, the laws of nature are inexorable, and it and Porko, one of the first to come, who used to run across takes but a short time to get this into the head of the smallest the floor on his little legs like a mechanical to)r, is now a children, and when that lesson is learned, the child is well on good sized fellow who lives outside in- a pen a·nd helps the the way to learn other important matters. Four coyotes, one porcupine, one badger, a hawk, several children take care of the six or more other weaklings. Several horses, Peanut, Queen, Jack, Lady and Della are road-runners, a crow, two bob cats, a big rattle snake and cared for and driven by the children whe use them for all some gopher and king snakes, while not exactly coming unthe work around the children's colony. They haul alfalfa, lime, rock, sand, bricks, and wood; and they plow, and harrow and use them for the work that horses are used for. It is an inspiring sight to see a young boy who was considered unmanageable, manage a fine spirited horse and so learn to control himself. When the goats were first turned ovet to the children the little kids had to be fed from bottles and such a time as the children had learning how to hold and handle them at feeding time! It was quickly learned and A SNAPSHOT OF HUNDREDS OF RABBITS. The camera caught part of the hundreds of rabbits being now no animal that fallened for Llano tables. The insert shows one of the big bucks which head the rabbitry. New Zealands. lives and eats could Belgians. and Flemish Giants are in the lot here, the single buck being of the Iauer variety. He won ftrst prize at the Antelope Valley Fair.- Photo by Banbury. daunt the boys and girls of that Colony. It was funny to see their first attempts at milking the goats. One boy clasped her firmly der the head of livestock, yet call for the same care and re turn around the neck, while four others took a leg aptece and the same educational value, have been intersting mmbers another boy did the milking. The milking was soon figured of the junior Colony this last summer. The bob cats arc out on a more economical labor basis and now goats' milk is the only ones of the larger animals left. The departure of the others really speaks more for the sagacity of the anir.1als one of the staple products there. One of the young boys was helping at the dairy last winter than of lack of care on the part of the children. The hope and the assistant superintendent said he would as soon have is, in time, to have specimens of all the animals that are to that thirteen year old boy for help as any man he had ever be found in this part of the country and there is little doubt seen. Four a. m. was not too early for the little fellow to but that among all our children some close students of both be on hand and he felt a real responsibility and took an livestock and wild animals will be found. Comrades Mr. and Mrs. Pickett are always close at hand intelligent interest in the work. It was not that he had to work, nor was it merely the curiosity a new occupation cculd and a few questions at just the right time wi.ll lead the young excite in the child's mind, for he stayed at the work during students along the path to an intelligent understanding of the cold and wet when many a man of less sturdy fibre would Nature and her ways, and will stimulate them to search for first hand information both in books and their daily life. have asked to be changed to an easier job. \ �The w... te r n Comrade Page lwen\ THERAJ'EUTICS The Clothes We Wear ERBERT SPENCER, in the opening paragraph of his book called "Education," tells us that, in point of time, ornamentation precedes utility. Especially is I this true in the realm of dress. Primitive man did not clothe himself to protect his body from the ravages of heat or cold, but as an adornment to attract attention, chiefly from the opposite sex. His earliest concepts were to have bright bits of bone and shell, on his lips, ears, and nose. After these were sufficiently loaded a str;ng around the neck served as a rack upon which to hang additional ornaments, and next the hips were engirdled for the same purpose. Thus our early artificial covering was for advertising purposes only. The male with the largest amount of "frumpery". around his body was naturally the most desired. The Rev. Spe-ke, quoted by Spencer,. tells us an instance in point: Having provided his negro servants with sheepskin coats to protect them from the inclement weather in the nights; they wore them in the blazing sun on the plains, and, when they arrived at their destination, laid them in the wagon, and went about shivering in the rain. The idea of utility in their dress had not yet found a lodgment in their minds. To these primitive savages a sheepskin coat was something to "strut" in, while their naked hides could not be spoiled by water. From this, and other instances, we could quote from sociological literature, it is plain that the idea of using clothing for a protection against atmospheric inclemency has been gradually developed from our primordial desire to enhance our charms (with some of the present generation this is still too true). As late as the sixteenth century the male was the bird with gay feathers. It still survives in military circles. The gold lace and grotesque trappings of officers are simply a liurvival of past barbarism, and as of yore these trappings are very potential in the world of romance. Brass l:iuttons will take, where honest worth could not touch. However, with the development of commercialism, and the segregation of the military and. business professions, dress for utility has for the most part taken the place of dress for ornamentation. Modern activities of life in useful fields compel it. With middle-class femininity, and to a great extent among those of the better paid working class, who are not class conscious, but imagine themselves a part of the middle class, clothing is yet worn chiefly for ornamentation, and exerts a pernicious influence upon the health and morals of the wearer. For this lamentable state of affairs, commercialism is largely to blame; while the capitalistic organization of society, where the woman has to capture a man for a doughnut tree, supplies the other factor. The underworld of Paris is hard pressed to capture the eye of men and hold them while their money lasts. To do this garments are evolved strikingly grotesque, advertising the business of the "demi monde." If these women succeed in landing their prey successfully, it is whispered upward to the commercial centers of the city, and its machinery of advertising is set in motion, by means of which latent bourgeois insanity is stirred up so as to dem'and the new fad. Commercially this is profitable while its social origin is never questioned, and is known by but few. Thus, like all good things, our fashions have a lowly origin. Were it not for weman's economic position in society, as a direct dependent upon a man for support, there would be no such phenomena to deal with. But woman must capture man in order to gain ·I HI By ~~ -t ree John Dequer shelter from economic storms, and in so doing, she resorts to competitive advertising of her charms, real or supposed. It is in this fact -that commercialism finds its profit. So much for the social and economic question of dress. The ills that result therefrom should by right be das ed as social economic diseases. After the "merchant prince" has grown fat upon the profits made off body-deforming, health-destroying frumperies, the pelvic and abdominal surgeons get a chance at the victim, and his fees for treating adhesions, misplacements, tumors, and other "blessings" that follow in the wake of high heeled shoes, pays the mortgage on his house, and sends his boy through college. "Every cloud has its silver lining." Then there are our corsets; they are never laced tight, they just keep the body in shape like a Sears, Roebuck fashion plate. They squeeze the liver against the diaphragm, and the viscera into the pelvis. They weaken the muscles of the back, and just slightly interfere with innervation. Of course, they have nothing to do with neurasthenia, indigestion, constipa~ion, miscarriage, and a thousand other ills. No, not at all. They just keep the body in shape. Nature made a mis· take in not fashioning us according to the latest styles. What does it know about shape, anyhow? Nature made our bodies to meet the requirements of life; each organ is placed so as to perform its special function. It never considered the merchant, the advertiser, nor Anthony Comstock. It is the habit of the capitalist to use every human weakness to enhance his wealth and, through that, his power. Thus the native love of the beautiful that naturally flows in the veins of man, beast and bird is taken from its normal channel of adornment, and prostituted, much the same as Billy Sunday prostitutes emotion. It is not our purpose to deride or decry the graceful or artistic. In our present mode of life dress is needed, and to advocate the ugly, the inharmonious of color and texture is a psychological crime of the other extreme. Nor is it the purpose to discourse upon the moral influences of certain forms of raiment. The healthful and artistic alone are to be considered. For that which is worn with ease, and affords no hindrance to the normal functioning of the bodily organs, can easily be made graceful. Speaking · of the immorality of nude art and the supposed crime of indecent exposure, people who wear bizarre bathing suits, these cannot be compared with the fashionable crime com'mittep by the malformation of the human body to suit the triple-he:o1ded monster, commercialism, vanity and public opinion. It must at all times be our purpose to aid nature in her normal work for the good of the present and succeeding generations. Utility should take precedence over ornamentation; the aesthetic sense should be subordinate to, but not separate from, the utilitarian. Brothers! Then let us pray that come it may, As come it will for a' that, That sense an' worth, o'er a' the earth, May bear the gree, an' a ' that, For a' that, an' a' that, It's coming yet, for a ' that, Th'lt man to man. the warld o'er, Shall brothers be for a' that.--Robert Burns. �AGRICULTURE Page twenty-four ·Poultry as a • Busl. DeSS - - -oULTRY is a science ~losely related to other sciences. A person to understand the care of poultry must have an understanding of other forms of agriculture close- - - ly allied to it, and an understanding of the chemistry which is connected with all life and death. The study of foods and conditions which conduce health is also essential. A person wishing to make a success of any business must not make that business a side issue, but must devote his time _to that business. In saying a success, I do not mean that you can get rich. How many farmers have become rich..from their farming? Not one! If there has been Alluch money made on the farm, it has been by speculation, a~d the rise in l;\nd values. My readers will pardon me for mentioning an eJQ)erience of my own. At one time, when I was just starting into the poultry business, a neighbor came to me and said "You are doing the wrong thing." He had tried it, This neighbor lived in an irrigated district, and his place happened to be in a low area which was coYered with drainage water, with the exception of about one acre which was very sandy. He had hatched and raised abol)t two thousand on this piece of land, and when they started laying, had them housed in the same house in which they were raised, thus crowding them. He took his eggs once a week to a neighboring town, and brought back feed. He stated that his eggs just paid for the feed, that there was nothing in it but just hard work. What other farm business would have paid on this place? Do not exaggerate the possibil- The Western Comrad e: By Oliver Zornes ities of the poultry business in your own mind, but give it the same chance that you would other farming. In the first place, you must do your work because you like it, not because you expect to get rich. You should study the success and failure of other poultrymen. Make a study of conditions of climate, food elements, and provisions to supply the needs of your poulhy flocks. In selecting foods you may save money by knowing the prices of other foods that may take the place of the one you are using. Use judgment in selecting the breed you wish. In selecting a breed for egg production only, remember that a dairyman never selects a large boned cow for a large production of butter fat to a given amount of food. Why keep up a large framework when a small one serves the purpose'? For example: at one time, in Llan~ we had about five hundred leghorn hens in one pen, and about two hundred and fifty of a larger breed in another. We fed the large hens nearly as much as all the leghorns, and only received the same ratio of egg production. You may have a flock of barred rocks or hens of any other breed which lay well, or you may have the contrary, but this does not disprove the above statements; all this depends on _ the strain, the selection, and the breeding. All who desire information on the subject of selection should write to Walter Hogan, at Petaluma, California, for his book on this subject, "The Call of the Hen." P • Selection In Breeding Y a process of natural selection nature weeds out the unfit. Slight variations may decide the fate of a single individual. If the variation is of use ~o t~e individual and gives it advantage over otlters Jt Will survive. Likewise man, by a process of artificial selection in preserving the variations suitable to his use, has built up a magnificent type of draft horse. Our shorthorn cattle were at one time running wild on the grassy meadows of England. By a process of breeding and selecting we have today a fine type of cattle, which has few, if any, of the ancestral marks. Excepting for slight variations like will produce like. This is true of all life, which includes both the animal and plant worlds. In breeding live stock this great law of heredity should be kept constantly in mind. The most rigid selection of individual breeders should be the rule. Carelessness in this respect means only disastrous failure. In looking over his herd, the questions constantly before the careful breeder are: Which variation should I ·select? What rule shall I go by? There are many good points in my herd, which shall I select? If the breeder has no conception of the ultimate ideal type he wishes, he is as a ship without a rudder. The first requisite in selection for breeding is then, an ideal ~e. . This ideal will depend on circumstances·. For instance, if bacon is in demand, a bacon type of hog may be m_ore desirable and profitable than another type. In Llano we have no market troubles. We consume what we produce and our idea is to produce for use·, and not for profit, threfore we are developing a lard and bacon type of hog. Our hog department is a good example of what systematic . selection will do in buiiding up a herd. In a little over a By Wesley Zornes year Comrade Will, head of the department has built up a herd of grade Duroc-]erseys. In comparing the offspring with the parents the difference in quality and color shows that a careful system of selection has been practiced. With the introduction of new blood on the male side supplemented by a careful selection of brood sows, we now have a herd of which we can boast. In selecting the male, importance was placed upon the breed, Durocs being chosen because of their ability to reproduce, and their hardiness. Conformation being necessarily the next co_nsideration, the broad even backs and long sides of our young stock tell just ·how successful has been the result of one generation of breeding from a pure herd of Duroc Jerseys. We cannot over-estimate the importance of the select:oa o ~ the male. The prepotent powers being stronger, he must have desired points well marked. Individual variations are hard to perpetuate unless in the ancestry of the individual these points were also predominant. In the selection of either the male or female, the ancestry must be cons:dered. For instance, in selecting a dairy cow, if in her pedigree her ancestors show a great capacity, we are tolerably certain that she also has this quality to a more or less extent. Pecularities of breed carried out in three or four generations become immutably fixed and transmutable. Our boar, because his ancestors had the conformation, color, and reproductive capacity, becomes the determining factor in building up onr herd of hogs. The female. although selected. has not the long line of ancestors which had her conformation or even color. As a result her prepotent powers are much less than those of the male . \ (Continued on Page 29) �The Western Comrade ARtS AND MUSIC Building a Socialist City Page twenty-five By A. Constance Austin a of the o~tlook from horizon to horizon. Why should we deprive ourselves of the privilege of the most desirable part of the house? If you discuss this subject with persons who have not _ _ . the open air, without sacrificing too much hard-earned given it much thought you will find them loaded with a certain :nodern comfort. In New York and some other places a number of objections. "The roof will leak." "So-and-so has serious attempt has been madeto put the schools on the roofs. a flat roof and never uses it." - The answer to the first quesOn account of the very high price of land in large cities, the tion is merely one of intelligent constnlction. There are many schools are piled up many stories high, the children in the ways of making a perfectly tight flat roof, but it would take lower stories having insufficient light and air, and in many · too much space to go into that here. As to the second objecplaces no playground except the streets. The problem of the tion, it is true that it is very rare indeed to find a flat roof children on the streets of large cities is equally acute from the where the questions of accessibility and "habitability" have point of view of the children, who are subject to the most been properly ~tudied. In one case "I know of, the only access undesirable physical and moral environment, and of the grown- to a beautiful roof terrace is through a bathroom, up a very ups, who are subject to constant annoyance and even danger narrow, steep stair. In dozens of other cases the railing around otherwise desirable roofs is only eighteen inches or two from the reckless pranks of undirected youthful energy. On the other hand there are many square miles of roofs feet high, and a person attempting to enjoy the prospect is over which the precious sunlight is freely poured, and the visible and conspicuous for II)i!es around. fresh air streams with life giving vigor, for the benefit of an occasional cat or sparrow. A great mass of laws and conventions and habits has been built up to separate the child from the priceless privileges of the roof, but these are being overcome, and it is hoped that before long it will be a serious offence for a child to be found on the streets of a large city, while playgrounds and schoolrooms bask in the sun over the heads of the canyon dwellers of the business world. Then comes the problem of sleeping in the HEAL11-IY Wl--lfffi LEGHORN PUU.ETS and Bronze Turkeys at the Junior Colony hav., given the chilopen air. Even in the dren a start in li~estock raising that will soon be a •ource of income to the youngsters. They take care of mild, dry climate of the poultry and have done much of the building work on the poultry house which is more than 70 feet California people have long.- Photo by Banbury. been slow to learn the surprising benefit, the There are certain first principles to be borne in mind in tonic quality, of the sleeping porch. Habit, of course, is the great stumbling block, but perhaps a graver one is the fact constructing a "living" roof. The access should be by a wide, that it is very hard to find a house with a sleeping porch at- easy stair, which should, preferably, start from the livingroom, tachment. One of the difficulties is that with the small one- and have a landing wi'th a window and window seat within story houses which are so common the .porch must neces- sight. This tempts the unwary to a little exploring expedition, sarily be on the ground floor. Many women are nervous about just a few steps; and from the landing one sees the opening sleeping ~n the ground floor, and besides this, the air near on to the roof, possibly protected by a little glass-conservatory, the ground level is damper and less pure than it is higher up. and one just has to go on and investigate that. And tbenThe difficulty in this case is the same as in the large cities. why, one is out on top of the house, and is not the view perThe roof is being wasted. The possibilities of usefulness in fectly magnificent? Having arrived, the next thing is to be an elaborate and expensive feature in the construction of a comfortable on this second story of a one-story house. The house, are being sacrificed and thrown away. It is evident wall around the roof should be four feet-high, with a bench that, even in California, the roof must protect from the rain, two feet high running below it. Then when you are sitting even if there are only half a dozen days in the year when it down, you are not visible from the neighborhood. If possible is to be expected. But anyone who has performed the gym- have the wall on the side from which the prevailing winds come nastic feat of climbing on to the comb of a roof must remem- high~r. and with eaves along it. Then you can have beds (Continued on Pa~e twenly-!lille) ber the elation of spirit which comes from the sudden sweep --- ,NE of the questions of the ·day llJ!lOng people of progressive thought, is that of creating conditions under I' which modern folk can spend more of their tiine in . ~· �Page twenty-six MAGAZINE SUMMARY The Western Comrai!e What. Thinkers Think The Substance of Instructive Articles in November Magazines ATLANTIC The Nation' • Crime Againot the lndividaal.-Democratic tendencies have done more to free the race from the tyranny of its rulers than to free the individual from exploitation by the race. But man does violence to hio own conscier:ce if he presses the interests of his race against the interests of the wider spiritual community in which he lives. The principal cause of modem warfare is commercial rivalry. Only their economic ambitions seem to call men ou t to physical combat with their neighbors. The crime of the nation against the individual is. that it claims a life of eternal significance for ends that have no eternal value.-Reinhold Niebuhr. Our Relations with France.-Some of our institutions vie inherited from England . Some we consciously chose from F ranee. We are in sympathy with En~lish liberalism but we do not wish to become: involved in an Anglo Saxon Imperialistic Alliance. Democracy has ne~er survived such imperialistic adventures. Calling it a League -to Enforce Peace would not alter the facts. The ideals we bo rrowed from France are the basis of our well known sympa thy with the French and indeed of our Republican institutions. By allying ourselves with a people whose political institutions correspond with ours, we could es tablish inclusive not exclusive accords. and ouch a Franco-American understanding would be of great value to British Liberals in wo rking lowarJs a federal organization of the whole wo rld.--Ar th ur Bullard. Some Fallacies in tlie Modern Educational Scheme.- The old oystem of teoching accepted as a self-evident truth the value of hard and strenuous work per se; the new denies this value save as that work is directed towards a definite end and along the line of the pupil"s interest. In particular Dr. Eliot lays stress on observational studies and a return to natural conditions. But much of the farmer boy"s work was done from a sense of duty and as a matter of course. The purely practical and materialistic educa tion so highly extolled fails to develop the higher mental attributes of imagination and philosophic thought. However, personality, not rules and me thods, is the determining factor in education.-A. E. Stearns. Neutral Europe and the War.-The enemy to be overcome is not one group o f the nrt tions now at war, but the militarism. imperialism, and Jingoism in each of them. And so far this fight has not even got a start. It is only when no one can really claim to have been victorious- when nobody can dictate terms . when the end will have been brought about what could have prevented the dire beginning-a collective conference to thrash ou t the difficulties and allow everybody fair play and his due--that the ground will have been cleared for a future which each of the nations at war professes to fi ght for.- L. Simons. THE MASSES Railroads and Revolution .....:.The railroad trainmen did not do any of the things that revolutionists would like them to do. They did not strike. They did not turn to the million or more track men, car men, and laborers working on the roads, who are ineligible at present in the Brotherhoods, and consolidate them all in an agressive organization. The Brotherhoods did not want a settlement through legislation. In collective bargaining their course is direct and known, in the labyrinth of national politics it is unknown . But rather than involve the country in a strike they accepted legi•lation . They do not believe in legislative regulation of wages as a method, but they do believe in their country. If the Supreme Court reverses the decision of Congress-the country sells out the trainmen. When that happens we may- ! do not say we will- have to face the wrath of good men. I hope they will reward us for its postponement-Helen Marot. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW Okuma and the New Era in Japan.-The resignation of Okuma, the last of the "Elder Statesmen," marks the end of an era. The Tolstoi of Japan, ,, man ,,·i th an international mind, the key to his career is found in his l;u th in c<l •roti,· n. When military strength was advocated as the nation's ''' h ><•h ,t>t>n. he urged the elevation of women as the nation's safe~'""j i\n. ien t Japan gave women a high place in the State; it was Confuct a~ •wt ·ns which lowered her status in Japan. His actions and sympathies show that he strives to follow the "Samurai of the ages," Christ, but perhaps he wails to see the savagery of civilization eliminated from Christianity before he comes out openly for it. In ethical and personal purity and in ferreting out the abundant Japanese scoundrelism in high places, none hao excelled this believer in clean poverty.-Williarn E. Griffis. The Morality of F orce. -Captain Andrillon, in a recent much read book, discusses the German belief in a Teutonic superman, and decides that the pittin11 of conceptions of law, justice and humanity againot the doctrine of force, have only served to imperil the civilization they exp,..,u. The just man is of all men the most defenseless, for he will not commit injustice even to save himself. Plato·, reply to the Sophists applies in our day as it did in Ancient Greece. "The consensus of mankind not only applauds justice but makes it powerful." The allies might use it against Germany: "The law of life is the law of battle; let the 6t survive." And this is Socrates' last point: "There is an eternity in righteousness which makes it stro"nger than any power of a day, and to go to the world below having one's soul full of injustice is the last and worst of evils." The heroes of he world are not the Caesars and Napoleons; they are men who, like Socrates, feared the laws of etel1)ity more than the laws of life, and so preferred to live well rather than to live long. Belgium lies wounded, panting, but fighting on, and all nations bend over her with their love and veneration.- Hartley B. Alexander. THE INDEPENDENT Socialism vs. Militarism.-The most urgent danger of the present day is the tendency of the American capitalist class towards militarism. The Wilson military appropriations are greater than any other nation ever made in time of peace. The military laws sprung on the people of New York State are an even more striking danger signal. We Socialists believe that militarism is as dangerous in the U. S. as anywhere else, and that these military appropriations are not made for defense in any true sense of the word. We are building more merchant ships than any other nation to hold the trade we have won as a result of the war, and we need this navy to hold the foreign markets in which goods can be sold for a private profit, which American workers cannot buy because of the diffe rence between their wages and the value of their product. - We know that prosperity from this foreign trade, while it means hund reds of millions for the capitalist class, means only more work for the workers for wages that, however "high," are only as high as the cost of living. What the nation needs is not forei gn trade, but such economic arrangements as shall enable productive workers to consume the full value of their own products. Socialists, this year as always, advoca te public ownership and democratic managemen t of the nat ion's great industries--combined with another innovation- public ownership of the government . - Allan L. Benson. PEARSON'S Uucle Sam's False Teetb.-En gland calculated several years ago that no German invasion of more than eighty thousand men was to be feared, and that even this number would be brought over so slowly as to give her ample warning. How very much grea ter would be the difficulty of landin g on our shores by either Germany or Japan? Our army is worse than waste. It will be used as an instrument of capitalism or not at all. There is an army of over ten millions of wage earners existing below the minimum level of living. The 661 millions about to be spent on armaments would lift these families to a standard of health and efficiency. Editorial. New York Night ' Court for Women.-A dozen visits to the Night court leaves a nightmare vision of the lazy selfishness of our profession of.._ Christianity. There is not love enough in the community to redeem those erring brothers and sisters. It is simpler to punish them in our self-righteousness and so have done with them and put them out of mind. When confronted with some of the awful wrecks of the night court, the only possible reflection is: "What were we doing that we let her fall so low."-Editorial. Uucle Sam as a Slavedriver.-Civil service positions are very poorly paid. The work is steady-but so is work in most jobs-too much so. Promotion is very slow and many of the employee& work after hours at some other occupation to make both ends meet. They have a month's vacation and many of them work during that period to be able to live decently. Workers for Uncle Sam cannot improve their conditions by striking. Thanks to the introduction of machinery and efficiency syotems labor produces more wealth at less outlay for wages, but a process of industrial slavery is going on which, if allowed to continue, opello the final subjection of the workers of the country to those who own and do not work.-William Leavitt Stoddard. WORLD'S WORK What Kills the Babies?-There are two and a half million babies born in the United States every year of whom 300,000 die the fint year. High scientific authorities declare that, under proper surroundings, the death rate of babies would be practically negligible. The idea that the toughened offspring of the poor developes qualities that make for better success re- �Th e W es tern Com r ade MAGAZINE SUMMARY ceives a hard knock from investigation. In city wards where hygiene is a t a discount 'the infant death rate reaches 27 per cent. In the wards where the highest standards prevail it drops to S P.,r cent.--Edito rial. A New Period In Air Service.-One reason for the slowness of the evolution of the airplanes has been the excessive multiplication of types and systems of control. It is the standardization of the army airplane m Europe which have brought the amazing results of which we hear. An eminent aeronautic engineer expects soon to see aviation so fool-proof '' that it will be safer to fly than to run an automobile in the streets of a ctty. Such things as stabilizers, landing devices, automatic parachutes, fo r aviato rs, and automatic pilo ts which will keep an airplane going in a given direction despite wind currents and pockets, without the aviator touching the steering appa ra tus, are either accomplished o r within the realms of immediate possibility.- F rank C. Page. EVERYBODY'S A Free Theater Refreshingly Human.- The Washington Squa re player• are making a diverting and •xorth while attempt to uplift the American Jrama. Edward Goodwin supported by some generous and enthusiastic voun~ ar tists rented a small thea ter and went through a season with unio n wages fixed a t nil. P rops., post card publicity a nd p rograms we re the only items added to the rent. On such sane founda tions has been built up a really spontaneo us and unspoiled success. They specialize in one act plays. LITERARY DIGEST To Save Waste Energy. -There is an eno rmous amount of energy wasted ?. nd unnecessa ry wea r o n wheels, ti rcs, and roads in braking wagons, · i\ ulos o r trains in going down hill. The energy wasted is equal to the a mo unt necessary to raise its weight through the d istance dropped, less the axle anrl rolling friction. The Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul rail · Page twenty-seven REVIEWS OF REVIEWS A Revolutionary Musical Genius.- No revolution in musical art-perhaps in the whole history .of arts in peneral-;-is more striking Jha~ that effected by Alexander Sriabin, the greatest musical genius of Russia today. When a composer feels himself forced to abolish the major and minor keys, thereby renouncing modulation (though retaining tonality surely enough), and when he builds up all hi• harmony on a completely novel system, it is seen at once that a book is needed to do justice to. this com: poser's creations. He has founded a new chord which his disciples have stupidly christened a "mystery chord." He simply selects the sounds he prefers from nature's harmonic chord and builds them up by fourths. Scriabin adopts the system whol~eartedly and all that it involves, the abolition of major and minor modes ; the dispensing with key signatures ; the complete acceptance of equal temperament in tuning. He is a king in the world of absolute music, music- a thing of the spirit- which "takes us to the edge of the Infinite." Arabs versus Turks.- The 'y oung Arabs are trying to free themselves from the Turks who are trying to Ottomanize them on German lines. The Turks have never controlled the interior of Arabia. They have plundered and abused the Arabs whenever an opportunity occurred and a re now engaged in murdering any leaders of the Young Arab move· ment they can capture. France has done a great wo rk in developin~ and educating Syria and Syrian Arabs are showing their gratitude by enli•ting in the French army. Great Britian has made friends with and protected the Arabs in several emergencies and would like to have a sphere of influence there to protect her route to India. The lndepend· ent Arab State would include all the territory bounded by the Red Sea, the Mediterranean, the Tigris, and Euphrates, and the Persian Gulf. She will have time to establish her new rela tions while Turkey is settling her war problem. -I.aac Don Levine. road uses this energy to generate powe r. applyi ng the p rinciple tha t ti mo tor reversed becomes a generato r. This changing of the mo tor will tra nsform it at once into a dyna mo. which will be operated by the weight of the tra in as it descends the mo untains, genera ting the same quantity of electricity as the moto r \muld con, ume in pulling the same load up hill. This current ;,.;II be fed into the trolley wire above, to be added to its s tore of energy . The Future of War Books.-Wbich of the intolerable mass of war books will survive? Not the "hymn of ha te" or the w ritings of men wh~ in vent a race mythology to jus tify the clash of empries. Not books based on the barbaric delusion of omnipo tc11ce, no r the Aabby utterances of the sedenta ry optimis t. But the wo rld will remember silent, steady, in · J omitahle F ranee. and the common heroism of the common people of all the na tions, struggling fo r the right as they saw it. But especially it will remember the men who stood out against the herd. Those few men in each na tion who spoke for Europe. who h ad enough Iron in their souls to withstand hatred and illusion. that peace will bring a revolution. There is no surer prophecy than POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY Is Jupiter launching a Moon ?-All the planets toge ther do no t weigh o ne half as much as jupiter. Only the sun surpasses jupiter in size. He is a grea t globe of gaseous and molten matter and there is some reason to believe tha t he possesses inherent light of his own. The belts on jupi ter are p robably rifts in his dense cloudy envelope, exposing the more ' ohd portion of the planet below. In 1878 a great red spot appea red which fl oa ts freely in this envelope. It moves round with the planets axial ro tation as did our moon in its ea rly stages of evolution, all the while just grazing the surface. Our moon th rough the ages gradually in· c reased its distance and is still increasing it. The inference denotes a j ovian moon in emb ryo. CENTURY What is National Spirit ?-Man is invincibly social in his make-up and his craving for gro up gra tifications and loyaltieo is commonly quite un· critical. Loyalty to one's group seems to be fixed in the nervous tissue, like self-preservation itself. Men who would no t contribute eight cents to the public weal, d rop their commercial pro•pects and !lO toss in their lives like a song at the bidding of an alien abstraction called the State. These r olitical stales are not founded on common ancestry,, com· mon language or even natural frontiers. The instinct of the savage to stand by ·his tribe, which is really a family relationship instinct is de· veloped by training and envi ronment to cover any sort of political agglomeration. Now that the world is being bound to,gether by steamships, ra:lroads, and telegraphs society is confronted by the duty of finding means to sublimate this ancient instinc t into a general realization of the co-operative nature of civilization, and the essential oneness of the humaft race. To the modern historical student familiar with man's long past and aware of the possibilities of the future, na tional arrogance appears well nigh as farcial as the pomposity of an individual man.- James Harvey Robinson. WESTERN COMRADE ................SOc LLANO COLONIST ......................SOc STATUETIE OF HENRY DUBB SOc TOTAL VALUE..........................$1.50 ALL FOR $1.00 HENRY DUBS is the creation of the Llano Art Studio. It is cast in plaster and is the typical figure popularized by R, n Walker, the Socialist cartoonist. Mrs. Mary Fox, the sculptress at Llano, has conceived the idea of showing Henry with his usual doleful expreuion and also with the LLANO SMILE. The back of the head of Henry Dubb has been made into a face. The statuette stands about four inches high and is useful as match holder or tooth pick holder, or ash tray for a smoking set. THE WESTERN COMRADE, LLANO, CAL. �The Page twenty-eight The. Western Comrade Entered a1 1econd-cla11 matler November 4th, 1916, at til post oflice al Uano, California, under Act of March 3, 1879. ~7 PUBLISHED EACH MONTH AT LLANO, CALIFORNIA Subscription Price Fifty Cenb a Year Canadian Rate 7Sc a Year JOB HARRIMAN FRANK E. WOLFE . . • . . Managing Editor. Editor. Contributinr Editors ROBERT K. WILLIAMS MILDRED G. BUXTON CLINTON BANCROFT ERNEST S. WOOSTER . . . . A. CONSTANCE AUSTIN DR. JOHN DEQUER WESLEY ZORNES . . . . . Business Manager In making change of address always give your former one so thai the mailing department may be certain ~h:_~ht_ name is being _Changed. Vol. IV December, 1916. No. 8 of the hillsides occasionally. The cost of their maintenance is very low. The kids are valued at $25 each, and the herd is being increased as rapidly as possible. Many people have a prejudice against goat meat, but those who know say it is not greatly different from mutton, they say it is difficult to distinguish any difference. Since January goat meat to the value of $16.00 has been turned into the commissary. The ideal of the goat raisers is to have a herd that will supply enough milk so that goats' milk cheese may be manufactured and sold. The same conditions which were found to be so favorable for other live stock, are quite as favorable to the goats, and keep the herd healthy. There are great possibilities for handling wool goats to good advantage and it is expected that in time a herd of Angoras will be secured. Negotiations have been under way for some time to that end. The Colony is also communicating with various owners of sheep, with the expectation of securing a flock of them for Llano. A woolen mill is expected to be numbered among our industries within a very short time; in order to secure the greatest profit from it the raw materials must be produced here, and it is the intention of the Llano del Rio Colony to supply its industries with the raw materials as far as this is possible. It is a matter of time only till sheep will be numbered among Llano livestock. Western Comrade equipment for his department. Troughs and tanks are being constructed and within a few years thousands of trout will be there. Two methods of marketing are apparent. The first is to sell in the Los Angeles markets where prices are excellent. The other is to sell the uncaught fish. Sportsmen anglers who are enthusiasts will willingly pay good prices per pound for the fish they catch when the privilege is given to cast their flies where success is virtually assured and good sport certain. The value of a fish hatchery in the mountains south of Llano is apparent to all who know anything of fish propagation, and the time is not far distant when thousands of fingerlings will dart about in the waters of Llano Springs. Comrade Eddy is an experienced hatchery man and is ambitious of developing an industry which will be unique in Southern California and at the same time highly profitable. An attempt was made to establish the fish industry at the springs sometime ago, but for lack of experienced persons to care for the fish the undertaking languished and died. Now that a comrade who knows has joined the Colony and is giving his attention and energy to the work it is certain that the time is drawing near when this department will be listed among those returning dividends to the Colony. How They Hate Publicity Continued from Page ~· After the police had marched past with conscious pride, the mayor, city council, fire chief, officials of civic bodies, lesser officials and private automobiles followed. We had set the camera so it caught them as they came toward it, and on about a level w~m. It is possible that there is a rule it taking moving pictures that was not violated, but I do not know what rule it could be. Every person in the entire parade gazed unfalteringly into the camera. The drivers took desperate chances in order to achieve this, but they all managed it. Most of them wore the self-conscious smile of the posed person. Not a few gestured. They tried to make themselves as conspicuous as possible. At first it was difficult to get the parade to move on, once it was past the range of the camera. Every driver wanted to stop and look back. But I soon noticed that the cars al speeded up and it was not until my duties took me to the rear of the parade where it was still forming that I learned why. Every one of the automobiles was hurrying across a side street and back into the parade again! After things were straightened out and running well, I hopped on to one of the cars and rode into the range of the camera. DuVal was standing there looking foolish. "What's the matter, Clyde?" I asked. "Outa film," was his dejected response. The 500 feet hadn't lasted long. He stood with his N the mountains due south of the Colony, well up hands at his sides, wondering what to do. The crowd hadn't where the last storms of the springtime leave their noticed it yet. "Well, keep your hand going 'round anyway; drifts of snow and where the first white flecks of the they won't know the difference. Give them a run for their ' ' ~·N"ls cover the slopes of the Sierra Madres, money," I told him. He did. I stood by the camera a while and watched. Ignorant that 11re a -\f'Tle' of ever flowing springs. The location is ideal for the propagation of trout. Com- the film was not running, the paraders continued to pose. It rades F. W. and Mrs. Eddy expect to establish here an industry was excruciatingly funny to see the forced smiles, and the arwhich will be highly profitable. More than that, it will be a tificial manners. One police judge, Benjamin Franklin Brown, pleasure resort for colonists. stood up bowing majestically to right and left, his white mane Though the Big Rock has trout in it, ~et it is not big enough flowing in the breeze in a manner truly patriarchial. He didn't unless the fishing be guarded. Llano Springs can be dredged know that the camera was not registering. this. Proud citizens and enlarged and transformed into an ideal place for produc- looked into the eye of the camera, racing the engines of their ing trout as a commercial venture. cars, and posed desperately in every way they thought would In his spare time Comrade Eddy has been building the make them more conspicuous. They wanted to impress the mil- [!J Fish Promise Profit / ( ..._) �The Western Pqe lwmty-lliae Comrade lions of people in 5000 theatres everywhere. And all the time the film was not running; only DuVal's hand turned the crank continuously on the empty magazine. I went back and tried to disband the parade, but it took a long while. The spot-light fever burned strong within them and they wanted to be seen by "one million people in 5000 theaters." That night the film was rushed to the . developing station and in about a week it came in. We had given a great deal of publicity to the fact that the Peach Day Parade was to be exhibited in a local theater first. We had the theaters bidding against each other for it. When it was shown on the screen we got our first real lesson in moving picture photography. When we set the camera, we had put it just across the street car tracks. Then we permitted every driver to race his engine. They all did it to attract attention. The sun shone brightly on every windshield and reflected from the brass work and nickel work. The focus was not right and the cars drove directly toward the camera. The result was that every car came into view with bright, vibrating reflections puncturing the fog of smoke. They almost immediately hit the street car tracks and bounced up and down as they grew larger and larger till they finally bounced out of sight with a dizzying, dissolving effect. It was impossible to recognize anyone and the whole parade became a blur lost in a smokey mist. One million people in 5000 theaters never saw the first movie ever staged in Peachtown and never will, but everyone had a good time, and the mere incident that the picture was not usable did not mar our satisfaction in having "put it across." And we learned how they hate publicity. Building a Socialist City c~~~~ ~~~·· ~- 2~ arranged.to upend against this wall when not in use, and partially protected by the eaves. If you intend to use the roof to sleep on, by all means have a dressingroom and bathroom up there. No one likes to run around the house "en deshabille," looking for a place to dress. In Llano we will have two such sleeping roofs on each house so arranged as to provide four recesses which are practically separate sleeping porches, making it possible for eight people to sleep out of doors with a certain amount of seclusion, and with two bath rooms to dress in. The natural Jail of the land on the site of the permanent city will give each of these roofs a clear sweep over the wonderful and mysterious distances of the plain below. It will be worth a little climb, either by day or night. As there is no fog, and very, very little cloudy W<!ather. you can count on either moonlight or the full panorama of the stellar universe, about three hundred and sixty nights in the year. · The desirability of the flat roof is gradually overcoming the inertia of custom, and in the last year or two it has acquired quite a vogue in some sections. The Queen Anne period is probably forgotten by most people of this generation, yet not so long ago it ruled the American home with a rod of gimcracks. The bungalow, which at present is in the saddle, has come to us from India, where its wide spreading, steep-pitched roof has evolved from the necessity of dealing with the tremendous and continuous torrential rains of the monsoon. It is peculiarly ill-adapted to the California climate, though it is not unsuitable to country homes in the east. - Now that a start has been made in discovering the neglected possibilities of the top side of the house, the probabilities are that the bungalow will soon be as completely eliminated as the Queen Anne cottage, and a Ion~ stride will have been taken towards living under more healthful and cheerful conditions. Our Mail Bag Find enclosed P. 0. for $1.25. ·Send the COMRADE to R. J. ~. Ancon, C. Z., Rep. of Panama. The other 75c you can apply on my subscription for the COMRADE and the lLANO COLONIST. Hoping everything is moving along well, and everybody happy, I remain, Yours for success W. E. D--, Balboa, CZ. ...,...-o-- . . We certainly need just such a · weekly paper as this (The COLONIST) • It gives news from the Colony that the COMRADE could never publish. I liked its spicY, ma:ke-up all through, and it ·is full of the very news that I wanted to hear. I am sure all interested in this grand enterprise will appreciate its weekly visits. With every wish for succ~ss and growth, I A. M. C--. remain, Yours fraternally, -oPiease find $1.00 to pay for the WESTERN COMRADE and Pearson's for one year. Am much interested in the success of the Llano Colony. Have been a Socialist for about twenty years, and believe that more direct and constructive work is necessary to the realization of the Co-operative Commonwealth. With best wishes I am, Yours for the Revolution, C. S. E--, Arizona. ----o1 received your letter and the "Gateway to Freedom." have read and studied them with much interest and passed them on to others. The work that you have undertaken is GREAT, and I think that all the Socialists in the country should take interest in it. I think your _"Gateway" should be sent to every Socialist local, and every comrade should buy shares or at least subscribe to the COMRADE and COLONIST. If your Co-operative Colony is successful, we shall start similar Coloni66 all , over the world. I am enclosing $1.00. Please send the COLONIST. M. J. B--. Chicago. --<>-- Enclosed please find money order for which put me on the mailing list of the LLANO COLONIST and Pearson's Magazine I read every piece in the WESTERN COMRADE with deep interest. It inspires me with more hope than did the Bible inspire my grandfather, and I know he loved it. I certainly agree with you that more converts can be made by demonstrating the benefits of co-operation than in any other way. I have hustled a few subs for other Socialist papers-and will hustle more--have found too many Henry Dubbs who cannot catch the spirit by theories. A. 0 - , Minnesota. Selection in Breeding Continued from Page •• The ancients selected their livestock according to a whim or centered 'their attention upon some individual which pleased their fa-ncy. They were ignorant of the laws of heredity. :T he artificial selection practised was unconscious. Some breeders still cling to the policy of breeding for fancy. Until recently poultry breeding was almost entir:!ly a matter for the fancier. Llano has no use for a beautiful Leghorn hen if she doesn't lay. Likewise, some of our unproductive co\vs have served to replenish ·our larder. In selecting breeders, the fiTSt requisite is in knowing what is wanted. The selection of the male is important, as a greater number of the offspring will have his characteristics. Utility ia the watchword in Llano. The unproductive man or beast hu no place in our world. �- Installment Members: ·Comrade and ColoniSt Clubs -The LLANO DEL RIO COLONY is in the market for ftgs, prunes, peaches, raisins, etc. I' You can a~sist in putting us in touch with those who have them. • (jf The LLANO DEL RIO COLONY is at present in need of 10 Tons of Alfalfa Seed A Carload of Wheat Dairy Cows and Range Stock Angora and Milk Goats Tanning Outfit Many Other Things. (j[ We are now in a position to make. immediate use of many articles and machines which have ~ not been practicable for us heretofore. (jf You are invited to correspon9 in regard to the needs listed above. LLANO DEL RIO COLONY. LLANO CAL. LLANO COLONIST................................................SOc WESTERN COMRADE..........................................SOc BOTH FOR ................................................. 75c Socialist Christmas Present f) Send your Friends the WESTERN COMRADE and the LLANO COLONIST. (jf The WESTERN COMRADE is SOc a Year, 2Sc for Six Months. (jf The LLANO COLONIST is SOc a Year. 2Sc for Six Months, IOc for Two Months. (jf BOTH of them for One Year for 7Sc to one name and address. (jf Make your checks or money orders payable to Llano del Rio Pub. Dept., and address Llano, Cal. C] COMRADE or COLONIST with your choice of The National Rip Saw or the American Socialist, 75c C] Pearson's Magazine with the COMRADE OR COLONIST, $1.75; Ali Three for $2.00. C] LLANO COLONIST or WESTERN COMRADE for One Year, with One Year's Subscription to theRegular Our . Price Price Appeal to Reason $1.50 $1.25 Milwaukee Leader 4.50....4.25 Masses 2.00 1.75 To Days 1.00 .75 Inter. Soc. Review 1.50 1.25 Regular Our Price P rice · N. Y. Call ( daily) 3.50 3.25 N. Y. Call ( Sun.) 2.50 2.25 Call,daily and Sunday with Comrade and Colonist ........................ 6 .00 5.25 fJl Add 2Sc to any of the above clubs for BOTH the COMRADE AND the COLONIST. CJI Add 3Sc to any combination less than $1.00, or 2Sc to any of $ 1 or over, and receive a SOc StatueHe of HENRY DUBB with his " Llano Smile." NOTE: These rate; subject to change at any tin.e without no tice. Photo--Post-cards of Llano The Industries, Views, Scenery, Activities, taken from actual photographs. 5 cents each; 55 cents a dozen SOUVENIR CLUB, LLANO, CAL. · New Rugs from Old Carpets (jf Don't throw your old carpets away- they are still good. Have new rugs made from them, beautiful and durable rugs. Old Chenille Curtains and t;: ~, l~ covers can also be used in Llano Rewoven Rugs t.Ji Old Ingrain, Brussels, Moquette and Velvet rugs or carpets can be re-woven into rugs suitable · foi any home. ·(jf Rag Carpets, Rugs, and Art Squares also · woven, every size and style.. Ask about beautiful . . LLANO POSTER RUGS (jf Write for prices. ..We pay freight one way on or!lers .amounting to- $1!.00. Ship Direct to the Rug Department U ANO DEL RIO COMPANY, PALMDALE,. CAL. C LASSIFIED ADS Space .in this column: Twenty jive cents a line, payable in advance. Subscription Post Cards For the WESTERN COMRADE and the LLANO COLONIST. (jf Cards of two styles. Those selling at SOc e ~ch are for either the WESTERN COMRADE or the LLANO COLONIST. CJ1 Those selling at 7Sc each are special Combination cards for both publications. I]! SPECIAL RATES: Six SOc Cards for $2.50; Six 75c Carda for $3.75; Three SOc Cards and Three 75c Cards for $3.25. CJl This offer is good only for a limited time. WESTERN COMRADE, LLANO, CAL. Do You Like To Draw? TANNER WANTED.- TANNER WHO HAS HAD EXPERIENCE AND cari give ·suitable references as to ability. Communicate with the LlaDo del Rio Colony, ·Llano, Cal. CARTOONISTS earn big money. Our modern up-to-date home •tudy method can teach you this well paying profession at a low cost. Send 4c for illustrated booklet and sample lesson plate. FOR SALE. -BREEDING RABBITS. BELGIANS. NEW ZEALANDS. AND Flemish· Gian1s.. We can supply all ages up to eight months. For further info rmation address Rabbit Department, Llano del Rio Colony. Llano, Cal. LOS .. ANGELES SCHOOL OF CARTOONING ·· 41x Thorpe Building, Los·Angeles, Cal. �Have You Entered Your Name . IN THE GRAND MEMBERSHIP CIRCULATION CONTEST FOR THE Free Membership The Membership will enable the fortunate winner to become a resident of the Llano del Rio Co-operative Community immediately after the contest is decided. $2000 In Premiums to be Awarded Every Contestant Who Sends In TEN Subscriptions Receives a Premium FIRST PRIZE $1,000 Membership in the Llano del Rio Colony fJ Don't wait! Sign up at once! Get full particulars on the Grand Membership Circulation Contest. Only those who indicate that they wish to enter · the contest will have their subscriptions counted for prizes. fJ All who do not win major premiums will be given valuable considerations that will make their time well spent. Even though you may not send in enough to win any of the prizes, your efforts will be rewarded. SECOND PRIZE $500 worth of Llano del Rio Stock THIRD PRIZE $200 worth of Llano del Rio Stock FOURTH PRIZE $100 worth of Llano del Rio Stock NEXT FOUR PRIZES $50 worth of Llano del Rio Stock Totalling $2,080 In All. CJI Those not winning major premiums, yet who send in more than TEN subscriptions will be awarded valuable prizes. These will range from statuettes of Henry Dubb to more valuable ones, depending on the number of subscriptions turned in. Contest Depends on Having 100 Entrants By January 1st You May Enter At Any Time, But The Sooner You Commence The Greater Your Opportunity .................................................... (Cut Out and Mail to Us At Once) ...................................................... WESTERN COMRADE AND U.ANO COLONIST: ! I enroll as a contestant in your GRAND MEMBERSHIP CIRCULATION CONTEST which is to ! be held provided 99 others enter. Please send me full information. ! Name .................................................................................... .. .I City.................................................. State................................................ Street or R. F. D................................................................ . or P. 0. Box ............................................................ . ... ........................ . .... .............. ..... . ... .. ..... . ........... .... ........ ........... . ..........._.) REDUCE '\VEIGH'l~! Send For This Successful Treatment "Obesity---Its Cause and Correction" f1l One user of this treatment reduced from 150 ·pounds to 117 po~nds and found improved health. Many others have used it with satisfactory results. NO MEDICINES OR DRUGS USED Complete $5.00 Course Now Oruy $3.00 because there is no rent to pay at Llano. For full iu£ormation write-to Mrs. C-. M.--Williams; Lia®; Cal l .) : / i '"' l..--/ Mai~ Home A 2003 A. J. STEVENS DENTIST 306 South Broadway, Los Angeles, Cal. Room 514 l, ---------------------------------J Telephone Home A-4533 HARRIMAN & LEVIN Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Buildina Los Anaeles, Cal. 1 I ...~. . . :I . . �Trees Like T'hese- Lumber Camp Where Logs Are Prepared For The Sawmill at Llano Are now being made into lumber (]! The Llano Sawmill earns from $100 to $1000 every day it runs-another wealth producer for LLANO. (]! Through the development that will be made possible on account of the sawmill a nd the hundreds of persons who will become residents of the Colony as a result, the sawmill will add $} oo,000 Ill• va}U e to the assets of the Colony within the next twelve months (]! Other industries are being established-Watch the development of the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony from week to week and month to month in the Colony publications-the WESTERN COMRADE and the LLANO COLONIST. (]! There are good prospects for a woolen mill, for a shoe factory, and for the beginning of permanent building within the near future. Subscribe for the Colony publications. join this big, vital, constructive movement NOW, and do Y'"'" t to bring about the BIG CHANGE you have worked for, talked for, voted for, a-:tVov t .. d. Take out an installment membership at once. Send for Full Information and Application Blank. Uano del Rio Co-operative Colony ll.ANO, CALIFORNIA � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1916-12 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-12 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v04n08_191612 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-31 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v04n08 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/282e0e74d7b438d737c0268866a7730f.pdf 26bd17d7bb101cc55019174114ea602e PDF Text Text November 1 9 1 6 a Copy ~~w umber Number - : - - - - - - - - - - - R E A D IN THIS ISSUE-·- - -- - -- - Llano's Lumber Industry Building a Socialist City By ROBERT K. WILLIAMS By A. CONSTANCE AUSTIN Job Harriman's Editorials Women and NEW THOUGHTS ON TIMELY TOPICS By EMMA J. Politic~ WOLFE ... ·.· .··, �The Gateway To Freedom Through Co~operative T HE' Uano del Rio Co-operative Colony is situated in the beautiful Antelope Valley in Los Angeles County. California. The Colony lies close to. the Sierra Madre range where an abundance of clear, sparkling water from mountain springs is sufficient to ungate thousands of fertile a~res. The climate "is mild and delightful. the soil is fertile, and markets are not far distant. The Llano del Rio Colony ·is a horticultural, agricultural. and stock-raising enterprise, with such manuf<lcturing as will supply the needs of the colonists, with perhaps something to sell when the Colony has grown sufficiently. Nearly 800 already live in Llano, and thou.. sands plan to come. Excellent schools, among them the Montessori taking charge of children 2Yz years to 6 years of age, a delightful social life, and freedom from economic worries, make the Colony attractive. LLANO OFFERS YOU ESCAPE FROM T liE electric light bill,. the wa ter bill. the doctor's bill, the d r u~ bill , the telephone b1ll, the gas b1ll, the coal b1ll, the denhst s !, ill, the sfhool book supplies bill. the sewer assessmen t bill, . and car fare, the annoyance of the back door peddler and beggar {Henry Dubbs who think the trouble is individual hard luck), the hundred and one greate r and smaller burdens on the house· holder, and the lea n weeks caused by disemployment and the con · sequent fear of the future. Thcr< is no landlord a nd no rent is charged. While they are charged " ·ith living expenses. fo r food anJ cloth ing, the colonists never fea r meetin g the g rocery bill, the milk . the clothing bill, the laund ry bill, the butcher's bill, and o the r inevi table and multitudinous bills that burden the struggling worke rs in the outside world. For the ta x bill he has no fear. The colony officials allend to the details of a ll overhead. To colonists the amusemen ts, spo rts, pastimes , dances. e nter ta inments a nd all C"d ucational facilities arc frcC'. _ COMMUNiTY MANAGEMENT T HE LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a rema rkable lonn of management that is the rc•ult of evolution. The management of the affairs of the colony industries a rc in the hands of the various department managers. There a re about twenty-five of these departments and in each department there a rc divisions. Over some of these divisions are foremen. All these are selected for their experience and fi tne., for the position. At the managers meetings as many persons as can crowd in the room a re always present. These meetings a re held every night and they are uniqu<· in that no motions are ever made, no resolutions adopted a nd no minutes are kept. The last action on any maller supercedes all former action and this stands until the plans are changed. The plan is working most admirably and smoothly. At these nightly meetings the work for the next day is planned, le~rns a rc allo tted. workers are shifted to the point whete the needs a re g rf"a iC's l. and machinery is put on designa led work, lransporla lion is ar· ranged, wants are made known and filled as nearly as possible. The board of directors, members of which are elected by the stockholders, meets once a week and has cha rge of the financial and business management of the enterprise. These di rcc lo:·s a rC" on the same basis as all their comrades in the colony. At the ueneral assembly all persons over eighteen years o f a~c. rC'~iding in rhe colony. have a voice and vote. M Action CO STITUTION AND BY-LAWS ANY persons who want to know how the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community are conducted think, in order to gel this information, they must secure a copy of a constitution and by-laws. There is no constitution. The Llano Community contents itself with a "declaration of principles" which is printed below. The management of the Colony rests with the board of managers, a member of which is the superintendent and his two assistants. These managers are selected for their fitness and ability. The business and financial affairs of the enterprise are conducted by the board of directors who are elected by the stockholders. The corporation by-laws are the stereotyped cor· poration by-laws of almost every sta te. The only innovation is in the restricting of anyone from voting more than 2000 shares of stock, regardless of how many shares are held. As this is to be the ultimate holding of every member, this is considered a strong protective clause. The incorporation charter is also the usual type and gives the corporation the right to transact almost all manner of business. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, safe, and well construed. There is no disposition on the part of state officials to interfere. I DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES N conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inflexible rules and regulations the greater the harmony. Instead of a n elaborate constitution and a se t of laws the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration follows: Things which arc used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over those of any individuaL Liberty of action is only permissible when it does not restrict the liberty of another. Law is a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community a t large. Values. created by the Community shall be vested in the Community alone. The individual is not justly entitled to more land than is sufli. cient to satisfy a reasonable desire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be held by private ownersh ip. Talent and intelligence arc gifts which should rightly be used in th~ service of others. The development of these by education is the gift of the Community to the individual, and the exercise of ~rea ler ability entitles none to the false rewards of greater possessions, but only to the joy of greater service to others. Only by identifying his interests and pleasures with those of o thers can man find real happiness. The duty of the individual to the Community is to develop ability to the greatest degree possible by availing himself of all educational facilities and to devote jhe whole extent of that ability to the ' · service of aiL The duty of the Community to the individual is to administer justice, to eliminate greed and selfishness, to educate all and to aid any in time of age or misfortune. W IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED . HEN a member of the colony dies h is shares and credits like any other property, go to his heirs. Only Caucasians a re admi tted. We have had applications from Negroes, Hindus, Mongolians a nd Malays. The rejection of these applications is no t due to race prejudice but because it is not deemed ·expedient to mix races in these communities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. All household goods and other shipments should be •·onsigncd to the name o f the owne r, Palmdale, California, care Llano Colony. Goods will be stored in the co lony's warehouoe until ordered moved to Llano. All shipments should be pre· paid. otherwise they cannot be moved and storage or demurrage may be charged. Freight transportation between the colony and �the station is by mcam of auto trucks. Passcngcro arc carried in the colony's auto stages. ·In shipping household goods, it will be well to ship only lighter goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and heavy articles should not be shipped from points where freight rates are high. . Individuals may own their own automobiles and many colonists do own them. All livestock, poultry. etc., are kept in the depart· ments devoted to those industries. The aim is to keen the residence portion of the colony clean and sanitary. · SOUND FINANCING NECESSARY P ERSONS cannot be admitted to residence at the colony upon the payment of $10.00 or any other sum less than the initial payment fee. Hundreds write and suggest they be allowed to pay a small amount, or ·in some cases, nothing at all, then enter the colony and work out the remainder of their shares. If the colony permitted this there would soon be a hundred thou· sand applications. The money derived from these initial payments is used to pay for land, improvements machinery and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. It takes considerable time to bring a large ag ricultural undertaking to a productive point. The colony must proceed along sound financial lines io order to continue its present success. This fact must be obvious to all. The manage· men! of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unmindful of the fact that there is a numberless army that cannot take advantage of this plan of co-operation. Many letters come in that breathe bitter and deep disappointment. No one could regret this more than we do. It is our hope that the day will come when successful co-operative groups can say to their stripped, rob- bed and exploi.~ brothero: "You who come w;th willina hands and understanding of comradeship and co-operatiqn arc welcome." The installment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month is proving satisfactory. On this plan the absent comrade is providing for the future while his brothers and siaten on the land are bearing the brunt of the pioneering. Families entering the colony begin to draw from the commissary. Somo; of the food, all the doJhing, much of the material they draw, costa money. The initial membership fee goes to offset the sup;>ort of families until the colony shall be on a paying basis. Write today for an application blank, fill it out and send together with a remittance of $10 or more to secure your membership. You can then arrange to pay $10 a month or more until you can so adjust your affairs that you can make final payment and join -your comrades who have already borne the first brunt of pioneering. The Directors of the company are: Job Harriman, president; Frank E. Wolfe, vice-president and assistant secretary; G. P. McCorkle, treasurer; F. P. McMahon, vice-president; W. A. Engle, secretary; D. J. Wilson. vice-president; J. E. Bourn; A. F. Snell, and Emma J. Wolfe. LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS ALREADY ESTABLISHED New Ones are Constantly Being Added Print shop Shoe shop Laundry Cannery Cleaning and Dyeing Warehouse Machine shop Blad:smith shop Rug works Planing mill Paint shop Lime kiln Sa"· mill Diliry ( abinet shop Nursery Alfalfa Orchards Pouftry yards Rabbitry Gardens Ho{:: raisin p; Brick yard Lumberin\! Magazin{' Newspaper Doctors' offices Views of l.lano"s Cannery. Cabi~et Sho:-. PI aning Mill and Print Shop Wood yard Vinegar wo rks Bakery Fish hatchery Barber shop Dairy goats Baths Swimming pool Studios Two hotels Drafting room Post office (, mmissary Camping grounds Industrial school Grammar school Montessori school Commercial classes Library Women's Exchange Souvenir club Two weekly dances Brass band · \ landolin dub Orchestras (tw&) Quartets Socialist local PLAN OF ORGANIZATION ~ .Following is the plan which has proven successful: each shareholder agrees to buy 2,000 shares of capital stock. Each pays in cash or installments, ~I ,000. Ea ch pays in labor, $1 ,000. Each receives a daily wage of $4, from which is deducted one dollar for the stock he is working out. From the remainder comes his living expenses. Whatever margin he may have above deduction for stock and living expenses is credited to his individual account, payable out of the surplus profits of the enterprise. If an installment member falls ill, is disabled or disemployed, the Colony gives him every opportunity to recover and resume payments. In no case will he be crowded. If he finds it impossible to resume payments, we will, upon request, issue · stock for the full amount he has paid. This is transferable and may be ·sold to his best advantage. In this we will undertake to assist wherever practicable. Corporations _are not allowed ~y law to deal in their own stock. The Weekly Newspaper, lHE LLANO COLONIST, gives the news. of the world, of the Sociali~t movement and of the Labor movement in condensed form. It carries the colony news, etc. The subscription rate is 50.:: a year. Both the Western Comrade and the Llano Colonist to one name for 75c. ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIO. 'S AND MAKE ALL PAYMENTS TO THE Uano del Rio Company, Uano, California �Was Schmidt Guilty? Did He Dynamite the Los Angeles Times? The Jury said YES, and the Court sentenced Schmidt to Life Imprisonment. Job Harriman, Counsel for the Defense, says NO. What do you think? Here Are the Facts, NEVER BEFORE MADE PUBLIC. Could You Have Voted for Conviction? Why Did the Jury Do So ? (Testimony from witnesses Clark, Dugan and McManigal was admitted.) "You, gentlemen of the jury, know this umbrella is telling the truth. Every rib and every stay tells the I ruth in no uncertain terms, that this fellow Clark is a pequrer. They tell you Clark never placed dynamite under the c rane at the Dayton bridge. . They tell you that the Prosecuting Attorney knows that the felon Clark was giving perjured testimony." "Dugan t Who is Du{\an > He is a self-confessed felon. He was expelled from the Iron Workeos Union. He is the Dugan ~ho shot and killed his wife and daughter m Indianapolis." "McManigal is a self -confessed murderer. The prison doors were opened, this criminal McManigal shook off his rhains, ,n(ked out, was given $1000 by the County of Los Angeles, and told to go his way in peace.'' In identifying Schmidt, witness after witness testified that the man connected with the dynamiting h'ld his cheek hone mashed, b ut noticed that hio eye was all ri~.\,t. S.:himdt's eye is gone. but his cheek is all right. Fair and honorable '"'' itnesscs ,,:ere prevented from taking the stand. Competent witnesses testifed that dynamite gases quench Rames; while gas sets ftre. '!'he Times Buildin~ explosion set fires. Could it have been dynamite~ Dynamite explodes in all direc tions, gas upwards prin~ipally. The explosion of th~ - Times Building was upward. None- of the phenomena of the explosion showed evidence of dynamite. Witness Rico said the valise found at the Otis home had a lirllJ! device in it for making an exlJiosion. Said he r.ut open the suitcase and go t a block away before it exploded. .\nother witness said he saw smoke issuing from it. A clock·work arrangement does not make smoke. Dld somt>~ one lie? Both could not have spoken the truth. A valise fourd • ' Zeehandelaa's was reported to have had Lyr,amite in it. It was labeled "80 per cent," but thes< labels were not seen unti!l after it had gone to the Pro• · ocuting Attorney's office. The city chemist reported rhat it was not dynamite at all. The prosecuting attorney's office reported that they had explod.-d. it boc•u•e they feared it wa< dangerous to have about. Things the Papers Never Told are given in thi:; new book about the Schmidt ca:;e, the speech of job Harriman before the jury. Read it and learn how a pe.-son on trial can be sent to pnson. Read it and learn things you have long :.uspected. HERE ARE THE FACTS 1 EVERY UNION MAN should learn how he may fare in the so-ca lled impartial courts. Any of them may get what Schmidt got. EVERY SOCIALIST who wants first hand evidence should have this book for propaganda. of capitalist- controlled court proceedings EVERY FAIR-MINDED PERSON honestly seeking information and loving justice should read this tale of a dishonest conviction. WHEN CAPITALISM DESIRES A CONVICTION it gets it. Read how it can be secured. The newspapers never told these things. Why? Did you know the real facts about this case? You 'II wonder if the McNamaras were really guilty. and you'll wonder why they confessed. Single Copies 25c. Quantity rates to Locals and Unions. WESTERN COMRADE, Llano, California �Table of Contents November 19 16 Pace Page Cover Page Nutrition-The Food We Eat... .......... George Watkin• Dropo Another Fore•t Giant and Prepare. it to be Sawed into Lumber. 2 The Gateway to Freedom. A Synop•i• of the Booklet of the Same Name; Giving RrieAy the Ideals of the Llano del Rio Colony· Information About Llano ................. ................... 6 A Statement of some of the Accomplishment• at Llano During the Short Period of its Establishmenl. 7 Editorials By Job Harriman 10 Reciprocai Relations By Jas. 0. Blakeley. Building a Socialist City .... 12 Th., 5econd of a series on thi• subject by A. Constance Austin who haa designed homes and a city plan which will demonstrate new ;;,,d advanced features. Jottings of juliu~ . . ... 13 This talented young author trenchantly discu"'' pha•es of Social. Politiral and Industrial Activity. "If a House Cost - -" ......... ........ . 14 Miss Helen F ranees Easley tells how a younlt teacher ~ ucceeded where sec rei ~ervicc men failed. Lumber-Llano's New $50,000 Industry .......... 16 Robert K. Williams tells about the New Industry around which Llano progress centers at present. Women and Politics ................. . By Emma ]. Wolfe. r-"""'""....,....------ · ............. 19 . ........ 20 An article on Therapeutic• by Or. John Oequor . Education for Real Life ...................................... 21 ................. 22 Plowing ............................... . By Oliver Zorne•. Irrigation of Alfalfa ........................................... 22 Ay Wesley Zornes. Growing Toward Co-operation .. ..... ................... 23 Another of this instructive series by Clinton Bancrofl. Printing and Co-operation ................................. 24 By George E. Can trell. Neve r Trouble Trouble .. .................................. . 24 By Robert K. Williams. Canada . Bars Pearson's.. ......... .. .... ... ... ...... .. .. . 25 ............. . ............. . 26 What Thinkers Think. The substance of arhcles whirh wrrr carried in leading magazines lor October. 28 Vitriol and Violets ....... : What our Readers '"Y What Our Mail Brings . of what they reaJ. ······ .. ............ 28 Book Reviews ................................................. 30 Back Cover Announcement of the Grand Membership Circulation Contest. December Issue The Next Number of The Western Comrade will be the "Live Stock Number" Illustrated with Photos of Rabbits, Chickens, Hogs, Goats, Cattle, Horses, etc., Which Are On the Ranch at Llano. �Information About The Uano del Rio Co-operative Colony T HIS is the greatest Community Enterprise ever launched in America. The colony was founded by Job Harriman and is situated in the beautiful Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, California a few hours' ride from Los Angeles. The community is solving the problem of disemployment way to provide for and business failure, and offers the future welfare of the workers and their families. a Here is an example of co-operation in action. Llano del Rio Colony is an enterprise unique iri the history of community groups. It was established in an attempt to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employment for the workers; assure safety and comfort for the future and for old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best school under personal supervision and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. About 800 persons are residents of the new city of Llano, making it the largest town in the Antelope Valley. More than 200 pupils will attend the opening of the schools this year. Plans are under consideration for housing pupils in an economical and very healthful manner. The Montessori school will be continued as the first step i ~ the school system. New buildings are now being erected on the new town-site. Pupils will be taken through the intermediate work and given High School trainin g. During the summer a vacation school was conducted, in which bota ny, domestic sciences, agriculture, biology, languages, practical farming, and other subjects were taught in a very successful manner. Several industries are being operated by the school. such as caring for the chickens, milking goats and gardening. To please the children the school has been named the Sierra Madre colony. The boys build houses, farm and take care of their own live stock. The girls learn sewing and cooking. The children feed and partly cloth themselves. Rabbits, chickens, turkeys, horses, goats, and many pets are owned by the children. They learn co-operation and develop a sense of responsibility, besides having a good time and acquiring an education. They have 65 acres of garden now and next year they expect to have more than 100 acres. Their poultry department will increase the present one thousand or more to 25,000 chickens. The colony owns a fine herd of I05 Jersey and Holstein cattle. besides about 80 head of young stock ranging from calves to heifers a year and a half of age. More cattle are expected to arrive soon. The 75 work horses, large tractor, Caterpillar engine, three trucks, and numerous automobiles do the heavy work and the hauling. Thoroughbred Berkshires, Duroc-Jerseys, and Poland Chinas are in the hog pens. Experiments will demonstrate which are the best suited to Llano. Stock will be kept · pure and high prices will be commanded. 200 head are now on hand. About In the rabbitry are about 3000 Belgian and New Zealand Red rabbits. The number will be ultimately multiplied by about ten when quarters are constructed to accommodate the increase. The nursery shows thousands of grape cuttings m the ground, and thousands of shade and fruit trees, as well as berries. ~is a part of each day's food supply. Bee ~nies- ~umber 668 and are in charge of expert bee men. Several thousand stands will be the number in a few years. They are increasing rapidly. Among the industries are the laundry, printing plant, cannery, hotel, planing mill, saw mill, machine shop, rug weaving plant, fish hatchery, brick yard, lime kiln, and many others. An ice plant, tannery and shoe factory are expected to be among colony industries soon. By acquiring the timber on a portion of the San Gabriel Forest reserve from the United States government, the securing of lumber for building is made easy. One million fee t will be cut at once, without injuring the forest. Farming on a large scale by use of modern machinery with experienced farmers in charge of the different activities saves labor a nd expense and gains quick <~nd satisfactory results. More garden will be planted each year, and each yea r's success will become more pronounced as the adaptability of different species and the resources of the soil are better understood. Community gardening is highly satisfactory. Social life is delightful. The Llano baseball team has been victorious throughout the valley. Dancing, swimming, picnicking, camping, hunting, fishing, are popular. Llano boasts of a brass band and several orchestras. Literary entertainments are an established feature. The several hundred acres now in alfalfa are to be increased by a t least 300 acres mote this fall; the land is now being prepared. This year seven cuttings· are confidently expected. Two orchards are producing. · About 400 acres in all are now planted to trees. All are doing extremely well and are healthy and growing. More than 26,000 two-year old peach, pear and apple trees- were planted last spring. Six hundred and forty acres have been set aside for the new city to be built. The brick yard and the lime kiln are both running. When it is considered time to go ahead, the construction of the new city will be commenced. It will be different from any other in the world and will be unique, comfortable, sanitary, handsome, home-like a nd modern, and homes will be harmonious with their surroundings. . �Po litical Direct Co-oper a lton Action Action The Western _C omrade Devoted VOL. IV to the Cause of Workers LLANO. CALIFORNIA. NOVEMBER. 1916 No. ----------- ------- - Editorials A the ND still the slaughter goes on . and still they bleed and gasp and die. Have you stopped to think how you would feel if only one of them were yours? Can you see them in the trenches with grea t wounds in their poor bodies, too weak to help themselves, or to keep the vermin away or the infestuous rats from gnawing at their sores? Can you not hear the death rattle in their throats gurgling along the trenches? Every death sends an arrow through the heart of a mother. a sister, a wife, a sweetheart, leaving them pierced with pain , broken and alone. And these number by the millions. What a world Gethsemane ! Will not this terrible blood sacrifice appease the god of greed? Will it not change our viewpoint? Shall we continue the struggle to save and accumul ate property in the hands of individuals and to sacrifice humanity? It is the craving for ~ealth and power that has led us to this world tragedy. Our minds have been so inspired by greed and our hearts so petrified th a t we can witness the slaughter of mill ions of our fellows, almost without a sh udder. Have we not reached the depths? Must we still contin ue, with gun and sword and da gger to shoot and stab and kill-? And when this wa r is over shall we look forward to another war of grea ter mag nitude a nd severity? Shall we still proceed upon the theory tha t the human hea rt is depraved, tha t greed a nd ambition are natural and that war has been and always will .be the lot ·of man? The humanity or inhuma ni ty of man to man depends upon conditions. Are not the Germans human to the Germa ns and inhuman to the English durin g the war? And during ti~es of peace can not the reversli: be said? When the conflicting interests between nations become acute then the citizens crf each na tion join hands in war and become humane to each other, but brutal to their common enemy. When this a<:ute international condition subsides and peace is restored, the n;tions will become humane toward each other, while the conflicting economic interests between individual~ will lead to personal struggles, class antagon isms, riots, and civil strife, Both civil and international struggles arise · from the vortex of conflicting interests. Unless our interests are mutual we will ever leave behind us a trail of blood, not because we are by na ture brutal or greedy or wicked, but because our interests r.onRict. By 7 Job Harriman W ILSON now stands in the eyes of the world as a statesman of the first magnitude. He . has won this election by the force of his own genius. The measures urged by him are far reachin g and of ~ita! importance to this country. Some of his measures are revolutionary in chnracter, many are mere reforms, while others of great importance are extremely conservative and most dan gerous, both to the country and to the progressive movement. Among the revolutionary measures, a re the law for the prevention of the abuse of the writ of injunction in labor disputes, prohibiting the courts from using anti-trust funds with which to prosecute labor and farmer orga nizations; the eight hou r law; industrial commission ; child labor law. Among the important reforms are the income tax law, the federal farm loan act, the federal reserve act, the Alaskan railroad act, the conservation of national resou rce:;. and many others. The extremely conservative and dangerous acts put through by him are the draft bill a nd the army and navy defense bill. The draft bill makes it possible for the government to draft every able bodied citizen into the United States army. while the army and navy bill appropria tes $634,000,000 for the purpose of conq uerin g and holdin g forei8 n markets. In th e last analysis it is by these conservative measures that the real character of the administration is determined. These measures provide not for a democratic army but for a plutocratic army and navy. A democratic army and navy are instruments of defense. A plutocratic army a nd navy are instruments\ of conquest. A democra tic army and navy are in the hands of, and are commanded by, the people; while a plutocratic army and navy are commanded and controlled by the government. The vote for Wilson shows beyond the question of a doubt that the people are opposed to war. If $634,000,000 had been appropriated and used to arm the people, there . would be no danger of war. They would have the power now and forever to decl are for peace. Being armed they could not be forced or fooled into war, any more than they could be forced or fooled into voting for Hughes. But the draft bill gives the government power to draft all" able bodied men into service. . The army and na vy appropriation provides for a military equipment eq ual to that of the most powerful government. While the government is capitalistic a nd all its departments I '• • ~ �Page eight EDITORIALS ./I are managed for the most part by men who are influential in proportion to the capital they control. In other words the Rockefeller and other great "foundations," the trusts, the railroads, the steel trust, and other combinations, the banking and financial powers, the great dailies and magazines, are in fact the government. When Wilson steps out, which some day he must, and their candidate steps in, all the machinery of war will be ready and at hand. They can and will then declare war whenever war will advance their interests regardless of the lives it may cost. It is the markets of the world for which the plutoqatic governments, the merchant, financial and industrial princes, are striving, while they look upon human lives as m~re pawns in . their hands to be moved in the game. . The danger to our republic and the weakness of the Wilson administration lies in these two measures. It is in these two laws that lurks the possible throne of an uncrowned king. w --(}- HY has the workin~ class lost ~onfidence in the courts? Is it because the JUdges are dtshonest? Have they been corrupted by the interests? Are judgments bought for so much cash in hand? Alas, these are frequently the reasons given, but the reasons are almost entirely false. True, there are to be found judges here and there who have itching palms; j,udges who are willing to and do sell themselv~s for cold cash-but they are the exceptions. For the most part, the judges are honest and their decisions ~ re logical and untainted with any corrupting. or even with unfair, influence. Why, then has the working class lost confidence? The reason lies far deeper than the theory tha.t the courts are corrupt. Our laws are all woven around the theory that the private ownership of productive property is right. This theory . was born centuries ago when each man made his war club, his arrow, his stone hatchet, his tomahawk, his wooden shovel or spade, and such other crude implements of warfare and agriculture, has enabled him to cope with his enemies. These implements were dear to him. His life depended upon them. They were a part of him. He was not his full stature without them. They were tied to him by his own energy and skill. They were his, and the idea of heirship not having risen, they were buried with him. From these crude implements came all the implements of modern warfare and agriculture. They passed through all the stages of development of the hand and machine tools, growing ever more complex, responding to every necessity of man, until they have passed almost entirely out of the hands of individuals and into the control of great factories and capitalist enterprises. The tool does not belong to the maker when it is finished, nor, indeed, is it buried with him at his death. Yet the theory of private ownership of the tool still lives. This theory of private ownel'l!hip not only continues in The Western Comrad e regard to implements of warfare and agriculture but it continues in regard to the title to land also. When these sturdy savages captured their neighbonng tribes, they appr~priated the lands upon which they lived and called them their own. Thus all title tv land arose by conquest, though the landlord of most large estates rarely ever tills the soil. He lives separate and apart from it and has no more to do with the uses to which it is put than have the mechanics who make the took Whoever possesses wealth has the advantage o er him who has not. By means of his wealth he acquires still more wealth. and the chasm ever widens between those who have and those who have not. The more property one has, the more power he has to acquire property. And, conversely, the more power he has, the mvre property he acquires. Thus the proces~ goes on and the masses of humanity become the propertyless working class. while the property is ever shifting into the hands of the few. Still the theory of private ownership ot productive property continues to live. and all our laws are made to protect the institutions by means of which property is accumulated. Those who possess the property are certain that the theory of private ownership is right, and every increase -in property and every law protecting them in their privileges confirms them in their conviction. But every such increase and every such law seems wrong in the eyes of the great mass of workers whose burdens are thus increased. The judges on the bench are capitalists in their point of view and reason ~incerely from the premise that the privatr ownership of productive property is right. It is for this reason that their decisions are logical. · The judges as a rulr are not corruptly inAuenced. It is not necessary for the interests to buy them. They are far more certain to reach the conclusion desired by the propertied class without a bribe than th'ey would be with corruption. But every such decision entrenches the capitalist class by adding to his power while it ever increases the burdens and disadvantages of the working class. The crux of the matter in regard t~ all laws is in the construction given by the courts. The eyes of both classes ilre upon them. They are praised by the rich because of the advantages gained. They are mistrusted by the poor b~cause of the burdens imposed. 1 This is why the workii'!g clas:< has no C·:>nfidence in the courts. --o- W HY is the Socialist party afraid that it will be connected with some co-operative enterprise? Is co-operation a myth? Or has it become a real religiou with some? They have shouted the " Co-opt-rative Commonwealth" ~ long that it has become, to them, a heaven whither they are going and not a condition that they must bring about. They are having visions of pearly gates and golden streeU �The Western Comrade EDITORIALS Page n,.e where all is rest and play, somewhere in the dim and distant Evolution proceed : within the seed, within the egg, within the social state. future. They will not have that dream disturbed. They have forgotten that by the sweat of man's brow shallLet us act while it is yet time. Let us burst the shell outhe eat bread, here and hereafter. They consent to such labor ward before it is crushed inward upon us. Let us act today here but not hereafter. "Let the burden be heavy now. And for tomorrow may be forever too late. --o-let the Now extend into the endless future, for we are goi~g to the co-operative commonwealth weary and heavily laden, HISKY! Yes, all you want over the counter of Calbut when there we shall find rest." fornia. Wet! Yes, wet as a wharf rat. Wrong! Well, what is wrong anyhow? "Co-operation ?-No, that cannot be under capitalism. We It is safe to say that a majority of the heads of families ca nnot compete with capital." Then, fanatic, if that be true, forget your dream . You will not reach your goal by in this State belong to some church. They ·do not permit adding to your burdens. The burden i:; already so heavy liquor in their homes, but they permit liquor in the saloons that the mind is becoming sluggish. Let us shorten our hours where thei.r children resort and make merry. The children and lighten our burdens and give our minds a chance to see evidently proceed upon the theory that if the mountain will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet must go to t he mountains. and understand or we will be slaves forever. But upon what theory do these good people proceed? If True slavery is an economic condition, but it is also a mental state. It requires more than an elephant to break the it is wrong to drink liquor, why do they not proceed unqualichain with which a child leads him, It requires understand- fiedly upon this principle? ·If liquor is injurious both to the lllg. How gentle a span of fiery steeds may be when held body and mind, which they so loudly proclaim, why do they with delicate reins by a single hand. How little they know not stamp it out? They are in the majority, and possess the of their power and of the weakness of their master. The dif- power. Surely if liqnor is injurious to those who use it the ference lies in the understanding. It is the steed that draws use of it must be wrong in the eyes of these people. Evidently if the use of liquor is wrong, and these good peothe master. It is the worker that supports the capitalists. ple have it in their power to exterminate this wrong and do True, the worker knows far more than the horse, but he does not know his power. If the workers knew their power not do it, they are proceeding upon other than moral grounds. In 1910, there was a great strike in Los Angeles, California. this country would kn w neither millionaire nor pauper. The workers do not, nor never will know their power until The saloons and breweries were on one side and the labor unions were on the other. The prohibitionists and church they learn it through actual co-operative effort. It is by concentrated effort that efficiency a nd power de-- people of that city were not involved but had the balance of velops. Co-operation requires the highest type of understand- political power. It was then proposed to vote the city dry. The unions were ing on the part of all. but it also requires more than underready, but the prohibitionists, together with the churches, re>tanding. It requires intelligent action . plied: "No. Not until the strike is over." The Socialist party may hold their meetings and talk until What is there in a strike that makes it wrong to vote a city the crack of doom about the co-operative commonwealth without avail. The Socialist party is, and has been, a great power. dry at any time, if drinking is wrong? But unless that power is soon put to some [.\Tactical use it will Ah! There is one spot of hely ground in the capitalist become a rope of sand. system upon which both the flock and the preacher fear to Power once vested ·must be used or it will be taken away. tread. That spot is profits. Whatever interferes with profits Let the party connect up with the labor and co-operative shakes the mourners' bench and causes the altar to totter. movements and become vitalized by them or its days will be Put your hand upon one' s profits and yo can -feel his heart palpitate. __ numbered. "No. Not until the strike is over." Then NEVER says the We must work ~ut our theories by action and not by talkmg. The judgment of man must ripen by experience, not union, and each stands upon precisely the same ground. Those who favor liquor as a rule are reaping some material alone by theorizing. Socialist institutions must be developed benefit, while those who oppose liquor as a rule are directly by associating with our fellow, not by individual activities. Let us learn now, once and forever, that we must de- or indirectly suffering a loss. Are not each of these classes right? Sure they are. T he velop our co-operative institutions within the capitalist system and not after it has passed away. We must live every minute, benefits conferred are the final arbiter of every problem. As long as the majority feel that they are benefited by the by means of some kind of effort. Socialist institutions must be developed before they can be used. ,Until they are de- sale of liquor it will be lawful and moral lo sell liquor. But whenever the majority are convinced that they are sufveloped capitalist methods must be employed. Society is ready for our message. Henceforth it will be fering a loss by reason of the liquor traffic then it will be delivered by action rather than by preaching. We have unlawful and immoral. Hence the good church people and the umon men clasp pioneered during the era of propaganda. Let us now hands and vote together for liquor. pioneer in the era of co-operation. Now is the time to act. w �Paae ten CO..OPBlATION Reciprocal Relations ,p --···--~ERSONAL efficiency is a very popular topic at the The By Western Comrad • Ja m e s 0 . B.Ia k ill e y to the rights, the interests, the welfare of others will always present time. It means the ability to accomplish the prove unfortunate and detrimental, if not actually disastrous. I greatest and best results in the shortest time pradiSocialism Is The Thing No man is born of himself or to himself and no one can . _____ I cable, with the least possible expenditure of effort. It is generally recommended because of the personal advan- live to himself only; we all act and react upon each other and tage, benefit, and success, which it will most likely bring to· are more or less dependent upon each other, because co-related. Besides, it is not possible for all to be one hundred its possessor. On account of the prominence now given to the subject of per cent efficient in all respects, and wherein one is deficient in personai efficiency, a nd the apparent importance which neces- one respect, he is in tha~ respect dependent on others, who are sarily attaches to tha t mbject, ·I am impressed with the pro- efficient in those respects, relating to his deficiencies. The priety of prefacing the consideration of this subject of mutu- general divisions of labor, the arts a nd the sciences. are alism by a consideration of individualism. ~ developed on this basis. If we shall say there are three principal sources of inspirAnd if it be impossible for the most capable to be efficient, ation to activity on the part of individuals, as those of purely in an all round way, then certainly it is not possible for tht personal interest, those of benefit primarily to others as family immature, or the aged, the defectives a nd incompetents of a nd friends, a nd those recognizing the idea of general mutu- all sorts to become all round efficients; a nd they are inevitality in interest and benefit as the result of all transactions ably doomed and foreordained to miserable failures, in a rewith others, then I shall say, personal efficiency contemplates prima rily individualism, a nd perchance independent individualism a t t h a t, perhaps better expressed as independence in individualism. But there is no i uch thin g in nature, a rt or experience as an independent. complete. or perfect individualism. Man is not complete in himself. nor woma n in herself, a nd the highest function in human lives is not, a nd cannot be realized in individualism, but in mutualism a nd altruism. The Ideal Family is Socialistic logs Like This Are Piled On The Skids, And Are Being Hauled To The Saw Mill At llano Where Father, mother, and They Are Soon Made Into Lumber For Colonists' Homes. children, in their best relations, are each supplementary to the other, each contributing naturally to the development and perfection gime of purely personal efficiency and competitive effort. Our very constitutions, our individual capacities, with their varying of the other. An enlightened individualism does not mean an indepen- characteristics make us all dependent upon one another, for dent self-seeking efficiency and a personal absorption of its whatever of efficiency we may have. The family, the .school. results, but on the other hand, a generous, beneficent, and wise th~ universities, business of all sorts and even governments regard for the feelings, the rights, the interests and the welfare themselves, whatever their perversions, contradictory practices, of all others in association and in all degrees of relationship, and adverse action are based upon this idea of mutual deespecially those of the family. In connection with this trinity pendence and mutual helpfulness. of persons, as of father, mother and children in the family, Mutualism Among Animals Mothers and their young of all sorts, wild animals that we have in the individual, a corresponding trinity, as that . of body, mind and disposition, and in nature throughout, another feed and fight in herds, the deer, the wolves, the wild horsts trinity, that of matter, energy, and an order of combination, that for mutual protection against common foes form circles manifestation and experience. And to talk about either one with heads in and heels out that ·they may effectually kick to of these, and not the others, in their proper relations and pieces their enemies, from whichever direction approaching. proportions is always to leave the matter open, incomplete, and the shy quail which reverse the way of the wild horses inconclusive and unsatisfactory; just as, in the consideration by huddling in a small ring with tails in and heads out, that ef personal eflicieAcy and its application without proper reiard they may the more readily alarm their mates .and escape their �The We • t P rn Com rad r "nemies by scattering in alL directions when attacked, are all pertinent and · conclusive illustrations of a practical sense among the lower animals of this principle of mutualism, that . is of mutual dependence and mutual helpfulness, for self protection and benefit. But for the sake of the argument, suppose the man or • woman to be complete individuals, or units, they are still trinities, with full and perfect mutual dependence and mutual helpfulness existing between them as between the individual physical organs and their functions; as between the stomach, the lung;, the heart, and normal brain activity. The better qualities of their temperament or disposition are a sane psychic temperament requiring a sound physique; any unsoundness of that, if only as indigestion, dyspepsia, or gout, affects unfavorably both the nervous and the psychic conditions. since the digestive organs and the nervous system are interdependent. While the products of digestion nourish the nerves. the nerves in turn. control digestion ; and so, if aught injuriously affects either, the other will also suffer. When worry, ove rwork or shock interfere with digestion, the resulting lac k of nourishment weakens the nervous system, causing tterve strain. This nerve weakness then reacts and still further disturbs the already faulty digestion. To the same effect is the recent statement of one of the more successful practi:ioners in Los Angeles, reported to me as follows: "There is a certa in nerve in the system intimately associated with stomac:h, hea rt and .lungs which, on being injuriously affected in either one of those organs. will also injuriously affect the action of both the others." Kindness •and Its Compensations Herr.. is what I consider a very apt illustration of the inlluence and benefits of reciprocity, or mutualism in practical operation, as clipped from a newspaper and which might very ;>roperly be entitled "True Teaching: Its Method and Its Compensations." Miss Tuttle-, who has trained eight parrots to be both actors and musicians, here tells the story of their ac. complishments and how they came to be so accomplished: ; Starting with the idea that her compensation is the principal , thing. the second point in this story may be of first import~ ance. since this seemingly best way of training parrots is also apparently the best way of developing the best in human beings. Unless we shall note carefully bo~h the ~rit and the method of the training we shall miss the chief point sought by its quotation. . She says: "My methods in leading parrots farther along than they have ever gone before in the path of achievement <tS zoologists concede that I have, are those of persuasion and kindness. By patience, confidence and affection, I lead them to do first the things they want to do and then the things that I want them to do. By these means I inject into our rehearsals always the spirit of play. It was through patient play and coaxing that I taught Bob the greatest number of words ever spoken by a parrot; he speaks five hundred entences. "Polly, after watching a big policeman stroll past our window every day for a week, began of her own accord to imitate him. Like any other actress, she first studied her part and became letter perfect. · She struts, pounds the Aoor with a club. and marches vaingloriously in perfect time to the air 'We Won't Go Home 'Till Morning.' "Caruso is a great musician. o parrot has ever equalled his talent in this respect. He sings in three keys- high, soprano, contralto and baritone, then a medley of the three. He sings in any of these distinct keys, 'The Star Spangled Banner' and improvises airs that are really musical. I de- veloped Caruso hom what was considered a ' hopeless squawky parrot. There is no need of any one having a squawky parrot. That he squawks is the fault of his 'owner. Patiently train him out of his bad habits, as you would a child. In the case of both child and parrot spare the rod. "Paderewski could entertain an audience for two hours himself. Seated before a baby grand piano decorated with electric lights he plays almost any popular air and accompanies Carusos solos. Besides the piano, he plays the horn and drum. He gives excellent imitations of animals. He whistles popular airs and delights in imitating the police whistle that regulates traffic at Times Square in New York. He can spell his own name and is an expert in gun drill. · "Count de Beaufort has also decided adaptability in music. He plays the cornet and imitates its sounds. "My little company would not be complete without chorus girls. I have three. Marie, the principal chorus girl severely puts the others through their paces. This little Amazon is a relentless disciplinarian, as is Bob the school monitor. The chorus never misses its cues; it always sings at the right place. "Following the Greek idea, I have trained my little feathered servants to act as hired mourners. Caruso lying on his back in a little bier, is drawn to his grave by Padcrewski. The three mourners follow, shrieking their woe in a high key. The children in my audiences call them the cry-baby parrots. "Scientists who have called upon me to study my method with my parrots have been amazed that I have never used a stick. I answer them: 'Fine human beings do not need the goad. If a fine animal is beaten he is ruined. I have trained my birds by patience, affection and appreciation. Impatience. harshness or carelessness would ruin them, would make of them criminal birds.' For my influence I depend entirely, upon the qualities and characteristics of affection and apprcciation as shown in the voice. : "When I began to train my pets, my own education bega;t. While I have sought to educate my parrots they have educated me; and it has been to me a liberal education to educate my eight parrots. "Your parrot if well cared for will live for a century and you may bequeath him as a legacy to two generations of your descendants, but be sure to bequeath also the advice : 'Be kind, be patient <tnd keep him well.' " If kindness and persuasion, patience, appreciation and affection, plent~ of food and good care have such a wonderful inAuence for good in the development of the higher capabilities of the lower forms of life, it occurs to me as a good idea to use these same means generally in developing the higher capabilities of human beings and so enable them to abolish some of the grosser relics of barbarism, as the official club, the glittering sword, the deadly machine gun and all the other murderous appliances of modern military and naval operations. Vegetation Also Illustrative Take another instance; this in the vegetable world. Concerning the weeds Mr. Burbank says: " are simply the outcasts of the vegetable world and need only to be properly fertilized and given suitable environment and cultivation to make them nutritious and useful, and at the same time and by the same means given a capacity to be cultivated at reasonable expense." It is currently reported that he has taken the most incorrigible specimen of all those outcasts in the vegetable kingdom, the prickly cactus, and by his method of scientific treatment has actually tra nsformed it into a very valuable forage plant capable of producing several tons to the acre and with profit to those who shall choose to engage in its production. ..-. �The Building a s0 cia I is t - - HERE 1s always a time when a city begins. In a western towa it is day before yesterday. But there is always a definite beginning. Someone puts up a railway station or a store. A few houses agglomerate around these, and then some local magnate says: "I will build a house on this little hill just outside of town; I will have a bigger garden and more privacy." Soon every advantageous piece of ground for a mile around is thus occupied. Then things begin to fill up. Busine~s is increasing; ~eople are coming in; it is found advantageous to cut up the pretty gardens into building lots, and neighbors are looking into your windows. The privacy you were seeking has di~appeared. You sell out and move into the country,. only to ·repeat the process perhaps in a few years. But the people to whom you sell have to go on living under the conditions you are so anxious to escape. Why should not they have privacy and pretty gardens? Because they are poor? Well, in the Socialist city this will not be so. We pride ourselves on our cities of homes. Th~ home is occupied by a small group of people who are closely related and have private interests and occupations. As generally constructed, these homes have glass windows within fifteen feet of the neighbors' glass windows. We have to keep the blinds T city Weotern Comrade By A. Constance Austin this way it is not necessary to keep up the expensive struggle to escape the promiscuity of a constantly pursuing city. As a matter of fact this kind of house has to be built in co-operation with your neighbor. You think ahead. The other system of building presupposes an entire lack of experience in the regular processes of civic growth. How common it is to watch a friend select a building site for the view. The proud owner takes you around to the various windows to show you the outlook. Yes, you ·say, but what will you do when someone buys the next lot or builds opposite? Oh, well, he answers, we are a good way out; nobody is likely to come here soon. A year after · you call and lind the house neatly framed in a circle of dwellings. Your friend has nothing to say about the ex-views, but explains to you how successfully he is "planting out" the objectionable new houses, and you wonder at the fatuity with which this process is repeated by every new home maker. There is another way of making yourself comfortable in the city. You begin by saying: "I am not building in the country. I have come into the city for certain definite advantages. One of them is the nearness to things, to the stores, theaters, etc. I am not going to put myself off where I have to take the trolley or automobile every time I go out of the View of a Small Portion of Llano, Looking South. The Permanent City Will Be More Than a Mile South of Here. Houses Will Be Built There When Lumber Is Available for Constructing Forms. Etc. drawn down if we do not wish our neighbor to ~atch every move we make, a nd we have to speak below our breath if we do not wish him to hear what we say. A moment's inattention. and some inaccurately overheard bit of conversation se nds a cyclone of gossip whirling through the town. The garden of each house is directly under the neighbor's window. and equally exposed to the passerby in the street. A garden implies relaxation, an escape from the city's overstrain of too much humanity, to the repose of nature. But the city looks down from the neighboring house and over the garden wall in derision of your futile effort to escape. You put the children out in the yard to play. In a moment they are behind the house and out of sight. They have been silent for several minutes. Experience would indicate the wisdom of going to see. In one case I know of, the infant of three had got out into the street, and walked down town in the water behind a watering cart before the anxious mother could locate him. In Llano we have planned a house built around a patio. You look into your own windows, your neighbor retires behind a sound-proof wall, you can swing in a hammock or sit around in your shirt sleeves in your garden, unvexed by prying eyes, and in whatever room in the house the mother may be, the children in the patio are always under her eyes. Building in house. I shall not make any attempt at establishing country conditions in a city environment because it .is self-evident that such conditions can only be temporary, but I will agree with my neighbor and put up a house alongside of his in such a way that we shall not mutually interfere with one another." By building close together and eliminating the waste spaceof uncared-for back yards and wide expanse of dusty street, turning both of these into parks, we will all of us be able to get in close to the center, and will not have the constant expense of transportation across miles and miles of empty blocks with an occasional forlorn house lost in untidy vacancy. If I plan my house from the first to meet city conditions I shall not have to alter it or move when the city catches up to me. Moreover, if I and my neighbors plan the city right, setting aside districts for business and manufacturing, railways and school gardens, the residence districts need never be invaded. One trouble which lies behind the chaotic and wasteful evolution of the average city, in which streets, houses and public buildings are constantly being torn up or torn down. moved or reconstructed, to be moved and reconstructed again. is that any group of average citizens thinks itself qualified to lay out a city. If you should suggest to such a group of citizens that they should make a watch, they would laugh at �The Western Comrade PagP. thirteen the idea; yet is not a city a more complicated structure than a watch? Think of the thousands of people whose interests are at stake; the probabilities of business which must be foreseen and planned for; the history back of the city idea from which you must, or should, select' the experience which applies most aptly to your case; the engineering problems to he met; and finally, the art side of the matter. You and your children's lives will be affected by the architecture of the city. If you are surrounded by ugliness, dissymmetry and confusion there will be a steady subconscious strain on your nerves and mental balance. It is more than probable that this strain, which is such a constant factor in our mushroom cities, has much to do with the nervous breakdowns on which Americans specialize so unfortunately. In the ancient cities of Europe you can stop on almost any corner and rest your eyes on some harmonious combination of simple beauty, whereas ip our cities we are pounded around from shock to shock, looking up from the rush and clamor of the streets to the ugliness of the buildings and the intentional insults of the advertising. The wonder is ·that we have any sanity left. In our Socialist city then, we will plan ahead. We will study the ·conformation of the ground and say this should be the civic center, this the residence district, this district should be set· aside for business and i:his for manufacturing. We should make the boundaries ample and elastic, and then build compactly and systematically, to stay. If the money that is wasted on this constant process of tearing down and rebuilding were put into carefully planned permanent construction. there would be plenty of money to house the poor as comfortably, if not as extravagantly, as the rich. We may yet learn that it is more blessed to know that our neighbor is not suffering want, than to elaborate luxurious "cottages" and "bungalows" for ourselves. ~ "Some day perhaps we shall have roofs which can be slid off somewhere and live under the open sky during hot summer nights."-Table Talk. Jottings of Julius By Emanuel Julius A nation that has healthy men. independent women, and happy children is a nation that I> wealthy. A nation can't count its wealth in dollars, but in human happiness. A nation with countless billions of dollars. but scarred with poverty, disease, insanity, prostitution and exploitation is as poor as a dying paupe ~. The cupidity of the capitalist depends on the stupidity of the worker. The plutocrat's rapacity stops only at the labor capacity of the toiler - and ofttimes not even there. A fresh fellow rises with the barking recrimination that in years to come retired munitioners and armamentists may expect their young hopefuls to ask not "What" but "Whom did you do in the Socialism is the reflection of the desire of millgreat war, daddy? ions of people to enjoy life while they are living Men don't rob because they are inherently bad. in this little old world. Socialism is the aspiration Emanio•T ]11li11s but because the capitalists have robbed them of of exploited wage slaves who would rise to freethe right to work. · dom and independence. Socialism is as broad as life - and that is why one never Thomas Carlyle once remarked that "a little while ago we were not, a little while and we are not." Between two eterni- knows all about it. The longer you study life. the more you . ties some mysterious power has given us existence - let us discover. ~trive to make it beautiful, clean, human and just. Let us Bernard Shaw, the famous Irish Socialist and dramatist , leave the world a fit place for our children. writes that murder and capital punishment are not opposites We must never hesitate to fight for our ideals. He who hesitates remains a victim of capitalism. It is· better to fail in trying than fail to try for Socialism. Socialists are going to conscript all the wealth of this country for the purpose of eliminating poverty and suffering. Wealth, in the form of railroads, mines and factories, will be taken over for a constructive purpose. The · means of production and distribution, when collectively owned, will enable the working people to enjoy decent living conditions. The capitalists, through their governments, conscript human lives for destructive purposes. They draw the line at their wealth. They demand their usual six per cent. Socialism takes the principle of conscription and uses it to build. not to demolish. A real reform cannot come from the top. from the bottom. It must come Don't wish for Socialism- work for it. Capitalists are fearless from the enemy. when an army separates them Eventually - why not now? That's a familiar line. It might be applied to well meaning chaps who intend to vote the Sociali&t ticket---i!ventually. that cancel each other, hut similars that breed their kind. We have been asked to beat our swords into plowshares, but the suggestion does not seem to receive much of a· welcome. In this country, just now, the capitalists are abandoning the production of necessary things for the manufacture of war munitions. Instead of beating swords into plowshares, the plowshares are beaten into shrapnel. Mere numbers are not enough. The workers can't hope for emancipation unless they show gumption. We hear a great deal about the "pork barrel." Capitalist newspapers, while howling for preparedness, brand any appropriation for useful work as "pork." Thus, the building of national roads and post-offices, of dams and bridges, of reforestation work and irrigation- all are "pork." In other words. the newspapers consider that the government should use money for but one purpose: to turn this country into an armed camp. Some people have strange kinks in their craniums. They reason thusly: It's all right for the community to own its public schools, library, hospital, electric light system, fire department, road and streets, but it isn't right for the community to make its own bread, clothes, and shelter. ,, �Paac fourteen fiCTION "If a House Cost-" The Weatern Com rade By Helen Frances Easley · - jHEY all came back without having accomplished any- tors' visits began. And they had been occurring at regular J thing. After the first three or four had done s~, intervals for a year and a half, and all that they had found was that not. only the Agent, but also the Indians were exceed1 shaking their heads and with a puzzled look on therr _ __, faces, it 6egan to be the expected thing. But the ingly prosperous. · "Industry" seemed the slogan of the entire. Department wouldn't stop until every inspector in the service reservation. And during this time Murphy had disposed of had gone out to the Reservation and had done his best to find his old car and purchased a new one, and consequently the inspectors' trips over the reservation were that much more the "leak." However, none had found it. Inspector Adams was the last man to return, disgruntled and comfortable! He was extremely affable, and laughed at them out of patience, but his evident ill-humor did not stop the ques- behind their backs. . He did not once by any word or action intimate that he thought this constant inspection was anything . tions that the other unsuccessful' ones put to him.' "Couldn't find a thing out of the way, not one thi{lg! All unusual. And so far the inspection had resulted in nothing. the books absolutely straight, not a single crooked a~count. I Adams was considered the ablest man in the service and he looked in every corner of the office and I c;.ouldn't find a thing. had failed, so there was nothing to do but drop the affair. "And I suppose Murphy took you all over the Reservation seemingly, and do some "watchful waiting." in his new model seven passenger Six?" asked young Howe. Howe had been one of the first men sent out to investigate. He had been back long enough to begin to look at the When Jean Best accepted the position of Day-school teacher matter as a joke. she did so with a great dea l of enthusiasm. For a year she Adams nodded with a wry smile. had had letters from Alice Turner, one of her dearest friends . "Certainly. We took two trips, were out two whole days. who was the wife of the Agency doctor. Alice loved the great And everywhere the Indians wen~ working in their gardens or western plains and the Reservation, and Jean felt that she, looking after their stock. I didn't hear one word of complaint too, would find them interesting. So she had passed the examfrom any of them. they all seem contented and what's more. ination, and her friends had recommended that she be appointhey seem to think Murphy's the greatest "little father" they ted to their Day-school. So it happened that she became a ever had. He is encouraging them to build houses, instead of member of the Turner household and a real factor in the living in their old tepees. Says they accomplish more. And affairs of the Agency. She was an insta nt success, her cleverafte·r we had our )ittle "look-see," he took me home to such ness and youthful prettiness charmed the few dozen people a dinner as I hadn t eaten in months! And while I was eating who made up the whole contingent, while the shy little Indian the best any market could supply. and taking in the furniture children adored her. They called her "Miss Best Teacher." that looked mighty new and yelled "money" at me, Murphy and struggled with their English primers, for how else could told me that he was thinking seriously of sending his oldest they hope to understand her unless they could talk "white." hoy to a Military Academy this Fallt It was after a party, as Mrs. Murphy termed her social "All that on twenty-four hundred a year!" It was a chorus gatherings, given shortly after the new teacher's arrival, that of voices. Jean learned of the state of affairs. They had scarcely more "Yes, on twenty-four hundred a year." Adams ass-ented. than gotten home, when Jean asked. in a matter of fact tone, "Murphy certainly knows how to spend the money." one the salary of the Agent. young man volunteered. The Doctor and Alice exchanged glances. They both felt "That isn't all," another went on, "besides knowing how that they knew what the next question would be when they to spend it, he seems to have a secret way of getting it. hut told her, and just as they expected, the question came. when it comes to findin g out, we might as well give up." "Then how can they do all they do? Why, I never saw And so the matter rested, .at least for a time, a sore subject. such furniture- and- " she added slowly, "I don't know when The whole affair had started when a school inspector had I've ever seen such queer people. I don't know so very much returned with the information that the new Agent, Major about politics, I'm sorry to say, but I overheard the Major Murphy, seemed unduly prosperous. At the time he had telling the Chief Clerk that he always•considered the moneyed received his appointment, the state of Murphy's finances had party the safest, and they both laughed. A lot of them had been well known to the Department. He was cashier in a · been discussing the next election, and he made that remark in small bank in a little western town, a man who had never a n undertone, but I couldn't help hearing. Then they looked accumulated anything, except the goodwill of some politicians, at each other as if just they two had an understanding. I who were influential enough to get him the place. The ap- never have liked Mr. Murphy, he looks so- so fat and piggy, pointment seemed a "God-send." He had just been compelled and that remark someway sounded just as he looks. There to mortgage his farm, to meet the expenses of his family. must be something awfully wrong somewhere." The Doctor laughed. In spite of the seriousness of it all, he There were six children. So when, in eighteen months time. he was able to pay off the mortgage, buy an automobile, and couldn't restrain himself. begin payments on another piece of land, it caused some "There is something wrong, Jean, it's been wrong for some wonder. Even though the Government furnished fuel, meat. time, but nobody seems able to find it, so we've tried to stop a nd the use of a residence, it would require magic to stretch thinking about it. It's pretty hard, though, with it staring u~ twenty-four hundred dollars in the many directions that Mur- in the face the way it does. Some of us have tried to reason it phy seemed to be stretching it. out that since the extravagance is so open and apparent, we've There seemed to be but one explanation, Murphy was using been misinformed as to the Majors finances, but we always find funds to which he had no right, but the Department flattered that we were wrong in that supposition. At any_rate, he &eJms itself that such an affair couldn't last long, and so the inspec- to consider himself pretty secure. But dont worty youreelf · -- T �The We•tern Comrade flCTlON about it, Jeanie, we've all found that it doesn't do any good." So jean tried not to think about it, but it was hard to forget the injustice that was being done somewhere. If the Indians were being cheated, it was because the M~uld take advantage of their ignorance, and so far no lndi#ad P.ver complained. · But something was wrong, and everyone wondered if any· one would ever solve the riddle. < The months slipped away pleasantly for Jean. The little Indians were being led and guided along the intricate paths of "two times two" and "four goes into eight" and other mys· terious realms. The School inspector was greatly pleased with the work that was being done and Jean was frankly proud of her "real Americans." It was along in the winter that she decided to launch them into "analysis" and so the blackboard was adorned with problems of this kind: "If it cost $400 to build a house, and a man has $500, how much will he have left?" Since most of the children were living in the little frame houses which had been built within the last two or three years, Jean decided that "houses" would make interesting problems. A number of houses were even then in the process of construction. And after telling the class to have them worked for the next recitation, she called her primer class. Usually there was no need of watching the class that was studying, but this time jean noticed that the youngsters were staring dully at the board. They would shake their heads and even look des· pairing]y at one another.. Jean couldn't understand, and twice she told them to get to work. The third time she spoke sharp· ly and little Johnny Two Strikes timidly raised his hand. "Well, John?" she asked. "Those problems are not right , Mi~s Best-Teacher." he ventured, "Not right?" jean looked at the board-If a house cost- · "Why, nonsense, they are just as I intended them to he, now ~11 of you get to work." "But they are not right," john persisted. Jean was vexed, but she asked the child what he meant. "Well, you see, a man never has any money left in bank when he builds a house. Houses . always cost all the money." jean gazed at the child curiously, while · away back in her hrain a tiny idea began to grow. "Say that again, john, and tell me all you know about it," she requested. · "It is this way," the boy replied, "my father had $400 and our house cost $400, and Sam Kn·ock Otf One's house cost $500 and Sam's father had $500, and sometimes houses cost 0nly $300, because houses always cost as much as a man has. there is not any left." Instantly Jean knew that she had found the leak. As calm· ly as she could she changed the problems to "cattle." A man could have twenty cows and sell ten, the children agreed. The remaining hour dragged for jean, she could hardly wait to get to the Doctor and Alice. and when noon came she almost ran home. ''I've found the leak!" she annnouced breathlessly as ~he f'ntered the dining room . "The leak-" "Yes-where all the Major's money comes from-" and then followed the story of the problem. Dr. Turner listened gravely. They were now surely on the right track. He went back to school with jean, and little John Two Strikes again gave his· explanation. In a week's time three Inspectors were again at the All,erJcy, but this time they talked with the Doctor and Jean before they reported at the office. And this time there w~s no smiling on the part of the Major. The investigation did not stop at the affice, or after a trip over the reservation. The Indians who had built houses were called in and all corroborated the story the problems · had brought to light. It was all very simple when the key to the sitqation was found, and no wonder Murphy had urged the Indians to build frame houses. Since only he and the Chief Clerk had access to the books. they had taken advantage of the guilelessness of the Indians. and since their money came easily, they did not appreciate its value, and it was an easy matter to convince one builder that his house would cost more money than his neighbor's did a month ago, since the price of lumber had raised! And all the lumber was purchased by the Chief Clerk at the nearest town, and hauled to the Agency, so no one else handled the transaction and it was outside the Government business, con· ~ equently the inspectors had never touched that side of the matter. And the Indians were told they were lucky to build without overdrawing their accounts! In that way the books were kept straight and all the vouchers in order, and when any inspector mentioned the fact that a large number had used their entire balance, he was informed that it was for improve· ments, so, since no complaints had come from the Indians themselves, none had thought to look closely to see how extensive these improvements were. Major Murphy and the Chief Clerk had divided the spoils. but the latter, being unmarried and without a home, had not indulged in any undue extravagance, and so had not been suspected. As for Jean, she was overwhelmed with congratulations, but instead of showing any pleasure when Adams spoke to her, she looked at him gravely as she replied: "Of course I'm glad it's done, but it has made me think of the thousands of people who are "building houses" that way. you know what I mean, living their whole lives in the same hlind way, letting others take all the pleasure and profit- " But she was interrupted. "My dear young lady! Are you moralizing, or is that a direct remark about present political situations? Listen people, how would you take Miss Best's idea? Jean smiled faintly, but she answered Adams' question herself: "You may take it any way you wish, and anyway, if it hadn't been for Johnny and those problems even this much wouldn't have beep done. I never could have done it alone. it just happened. But I'm awfully glad I started in with houses instead of cows." Hope, 0 Brother! Hope, 0 Brother, though time be long. And turmoil and strife enshroud the earth ; For out of the chaos and woe and wrong. Freedom, 0 Brother, shall come to birth. Work, 0 Brother, for work shall yield A boon to the coming race of men ; And the sceptres the tyrant rulers wield Shall never oppress the world again . Clasp, 0 Brothers, your toil worn hands ; Union of hearts is a thing divine, And Brotherhood's service, uniting all lands, Is the noblest work in the world's design. . -Maxguerite Head. �The Wutern Comrade Page si,.teen • Lumber ---- Llano's New - jCTOBER T wenty-fust. Nineteen Sixteen, will be a I memorable day for Llano. The first load of logs j arrived from the timber .reserve on that date. ___, For months everything in the shape of building has hinged upon lumber. To buy lumber in the open market is an expensive proposition and in the end means a dead loss, while ~ro~ucing lumber from our own preserve, at one cost, JS a wmnmg one. The work of housing has been held back awaiting the arrival of timber from the mountains. There is hardly anything one can think of along constructive lines but .requires lumber. Now that logs are regularly arriving from the jackson I0 It is felt that with the arrival of the great pine, logs to the saw mill the putting of our members in more· comfortable homes is on the eve of accomplishment. It is not the intention to start at once 011 the permanent homes. Wf' hope to do this within a reasonable time. "Reasonable" means very soon. The necessity of getting the residents here in secure quarters is of prime importance. This can be done shortly, ·once the lumber is on the ground. It will not take long to erect satisfactory temporary homes. It is to be hoped from now on that one of the big drawing cards will be good temporary homes for the colonist. This fact will be more gratifying to us than the satisfaction felt by the new member, .for this problem has been wrestled When The Logs Have Been Trimmed And Cut Into Lengths They Are Dragged To The Skids Along The Ro~d And PileJ Ready Tu Be Loaded On The Logging Trucks. Lake region, twelve miles distant, building will boom and the work of caring for the many eager people who wish to become permanent members here, and who have on account of inadequate housing refrained from joining, will begin. It is safe to say that one of the things that retarded progress in the Colony more than any other single factor, has been the housing problem. Many comrades have come and looked us over and expressed satisfaction with everything, but have been unwilling to bring their families in until better houses were assured. With this situation taken care of, there is no doubt now that these same comrades will return to stay. Women like to be comfortable. So do men, but not in exactly the same way. The housewife needs a conveniellt and pleasant home. The man can put up with a lot of things that would get on the nerves of the wife. Creature comforts remain paramount and the necessity of providing for better living quarten i~ recognized a.s very import&.nt. with since the inception of the Colony, and figured on from every angle. It doesn't take much to make people contented; Often a word settles the mind and makes for content. Fr~quently it is some physical comfort, good meals, for instance. · However, one is certain of making people happy · and contented who are given good, substantial homes. The main desire of everyone is to get into cozy Ettie temporary homes where they will be protected from the weather. here to await with security the development of the 'permanent city which will be the pride of the colonists. Since the logs are arriving from the mounta:ihs, a trip to the logging camp will be interesting. ·Therefore, go with us to the higher altitudes and see what we find, and have a glimp$e out over the great valley below. The establishment of a log~ing camp near Jackson's Lake. which w~ have euphoniously renamf'.d "Pine Lake.. ;,. a 4lep �The Western Com.rade Pqe seventeen 50,000 Industry the right direction and ·settled our minds very materially. The Colony has secured ·a..government timber concession, which ultimately means several.million feet, twelve miles from the present site of Llano and built a road to it. This road is a line piece of work and has added to the assets of the· Colony more than sixteen thousand dollars. The road was completed within ten weeks, and all who have seen and passed over it say that it is a line piece of engineering. · The grade is gradual, not more than three per cent; and considering the many hills on the way, and the gulches and canyons to be negotiated, the work is most commendable. The fact must not be lost sight of that colonists built the road. Not a dollar for outside labor was paid. The surveying was done by our own surveyor and the Colony teams and machinery did the grading. The foreman of the work was also a colonist. The road compares favorably with any built by the state that is not macadamized. The actual cash outlay is not at the moment at hand, but it is safe to say that it was ridiculously small. This is the result of co-operative labor and shows what can be done without money. Money, after all, in the final analysis is a figment, which sooner or later will be recognized the world over as such. One of the purposes of our co-operative effort is to show that labor precedes cap- By Robert K. Williams Caldwell's Lake is next reached. It is a little body of water nestling in ·a small gouge of land, nearly 4~00 feet above sea level. Docile animals feed on the succulent grasses covering its shores. Caldwell located this spot a long tim'e ago and has done ·considerable development. Now that a road passes through his · ranch, he is drawn nearer civilization. Caldwell appreciates the fact and a broad smile lights his face and we number him among our friends. , The road continues up and up, winding round delightful curves which apparently end at evety turn. To the left stretches of plain can be seen shimmering in the -dazzling sunlight, miles and miles away. Tree tops wave below us and a soughing sound comes from them. It is indeed, like looking over the ocean. To the north the Tehachapis serenely lie under the haze. The eastern San Ber·nardino hills, which are in reality mountains, gliaten and scintillate with their covering of snow. Occasionally trains of the Southern Padfic and Santa Fe can be seen crawling along forty and fifty miles away. The view from various points of the road is inspiring; it is a region of magnificent distances. Every lover of the grand and sublime can get a thrill from a trip over the logging road. One woman, after riding half an hour silently and observing intently vista after vista of beauty appearing and . Llano has the only saw mill in Los Angeles County. Co-operation makes possible the utilizing of the timber of the San Gabriel Forest Reserve. There are no markets to find, no overhead expenses, no profits to pay. The Llano Co-operators can do collectively what others cannot. ita! and to make our radical friends, and others, believe in the principles they so strongly advocate. This co-operative log road is a true example. While subserving the most practical of uses, the road will prove to be a pleasure drive. It winds past the lime kiln, where we will stop and inspect the work being done there. It is a curious fact that we are so accustomed to having things done and completed that the colo~ists refuse to enthuse over the lime kiln. While it is turning out the finest quality of lime, we accept it as a matter of fact. Thus it is with regard to the logging road. The road is completed and we accept it as a thing always present. One must remember, in going over the ranch, tnat a great deal of labor has gone into just such assets. When we ride over the various roads of the ranch, we never think they were not always existent. The reason for mentioning this is that people visit us and ask why we haven't done so and so, or paid more attention to some specialty. A moment's reflection only is required to see that if we spent time · on these specialties, general work would suffer. From the lime kiln, we start on a gradual ascent and pass a little valley claim of an old homesteader. It looks cheerless and hopeless. We wonder at his nerve: Think of liis going into the solitude years ago in a\} attempt to eke out an existence! The primal jnstinct of man <seems to be to own something. To us this is the pitifulness of the system we are living under.' lt is to escai>e tliis' needless and losing struggle that Llano's co-operative efforts are being heralded to the world. disappearing, distances dissolving mysteriously one after another, finally-remarked that the scenery was "cute." Soon after the auto refused to go. However, the road is not one of adjectives. It was suggested by the earnest editor that cash figures be given as to the value of the materials to be transported down its sloping reaches. After wearing out three pencils we are ·convinced that there are not enough, pencils to compute the value correctly. At present we are paying $35 a thousand for lumber. Suppose we cut and transport a million feet of lumber. The pencil said $35,000, in cash. That is what it would cost us, plus transportation from Palmdale. The same amount of lumber from the hills above would cost, approximately, $11,000. Here the pencil wobbles. As a matter of cash, it won't cost us any such amount, due of course, to co-operative labor. A million feet of lumber would be worth at least $50,000 to us, but we don't figure that way. How much is it worth in use value~ That's the test, after all. Some day the 'wets' and 'drys' and single taxers, Republicans and Democrats, will figure in the same way. The lumber costs $2 on the stump cash. The cost of maintaining the men, horses and machinery, in cash, is the only outlay required. What that will amount to is a matter for the bookkeepers to decide upon when several months have elapsed. However, there is no comparison between prices of \he outSide market and the cash cost here. It is all on our side-the co-operative side. It might be mentioned that this' timber reserve is not attractive to private concerns. It is too scattered and the co~t of obtaining it would be too great. They could not �Page eighteen compete with Oregon timber at all. However, we can and the results will be seen in buildings, and the many other things requiring lumber. But to continue on this road. Presently we hear the crash of a tree and in a moment or two the swish of an axe disturbs the air and presently George Watkins and Emil Holmberg are seen exultingly gloating over another fallen monarch. Watkins and Holmberg are at the head of the logging crew and have done yeoman service. They have cut a great number of trees and trimmed them so that in many instances logs of 60 to 90 feet are obtained. Some of the pine logs butt 36 and 45 inches. They are cut into convenient lengths for hauling. The trees are frequently 1SO feet in height and when they fall a great noise is made. The trees are not thickly set as in some regions, but for Colony purposes are adequat~ The forest ranger marks them and instructions are given- to fell them in a certain way so that young standing timber be not injured. Comrades G. F. Smith a nd Ed. Sweeney have been busy pulling the logs to the skids, convenient for loading. As a result of their labors, a great pile lay in readiness for the teams below. Smith and Sweeney have no watches. · They haven't the slightest conception as to what constitutes a day. Daylight lasts long in the mountains. The boys assure us that they will be able to fell all the timber needed to keep the log trucks busy. Two six-horse teams have been used to transport the logs The Western Comrade into boa~ by the saw. The pond prevents the lqgs from warping and cracking, prevents worms from boring them; it also washes out the small stones that collect in the crevices of the bark. B. J. Smith believes he will be able to complete ~ three-room temporary cottages a day in the yard of the mil These will be built on skids and when finished the tractor ca be attached and then drawn to wherever needed. In this wa it is believed the wants of the Colony can be quickly supplied. Now that the lumber industry is established and assurance given th:tt more substantial homes will soon be under way, other industries will be discussed and planned. Lumbering will go on steadily and surely without exciting more than passing interest from Llanoites, who accept it as a fact and immediately look forward toward the next step in the realization of their dreams. Our hopes are high. It is confidently expected that shortly we will be able to take the visitor over the ranch and if he is satisfied with the prospects shown, as assuredly he will be, give him a temporary abode, comfortable and pleasant, should he care to cast his lot with us in the greate.st co-operative enterprise m the world. .. -: Housing has always been a problem. The opening of the new mill gives the colonist material to build houses and to house their products and live stock. to the saw mill. Comrade B. ]. Smith, who has charge of the saw mill and through whose efforts this fine machinery was brought here, has completed three log wagons in our own shop. They will eventually be ·attached to the caterpillar and made to convey great loads. One man is kept busy on the log road patrolling it, watching for slides, chuck holes, etc., and especially after a heavy log wagon passes does he give it close attention. In this way the road will be kept in good repair so that hauling will be facilitated. At the present time the road ends at the cook camp, which is about a mile from Jackson's or Pine Lake. A fairly good trail goes to these points of interest. A magnificent scenic highway could be made by continuing the road to San Bernardino. Unrivalled beauties can be brought to view in every canyon and mountain crest. The Sierra Madre range is attrOictive beyond description. Without a doubt the future will see a highway built by the state to add to the pleasure of its citizens. The saw mill, having a 30,000 foot capacity, is in readiness and only awaits steam to begin ripping the logs into boards. The pond, which is to hold the logs while waiting to be cut, is now being lined with cobbles and made seepage proof. The rock is ready and work will begin on this soon. However, the mill can run without this feature being completed. A big ditch has been dmz from the Hubbard tract. across the townsite to the pond. This ditch will also be cobble-lined. Logs will be lifted from the pond, freed from pebbles. etc.. and placed on the carriage where they will be sawed Logo Are Dragged From Where They Are Felled, Horses Being Used For Thia Work. ~ning Of The Lumber Industry Hao lner1>11sed The N-l For 'f~>~~m•. �The Western Comrade Women and Politics , Page m..e- WOllEN'S DEPARTIIEHT By Emma J. Wolfe -ow that the battle is over, the tumult and shouting sisters in the -East that we have had suffrage too long to be has ceased and the Captains, Kings and Queens have blinded by the clever poilticians at the last hour. There is departed we may review the effect of a futile attempt no such thing as sex solidarity. We are not w9inen and men. to establish a sex solidarity in the Western suffrage but just people. But by interpretation of some wise politicians states. No such solidarity was shown , or ever can be shown. the women have been barred from being people. "The Hughes' Special" is in one of the railroad yards and Suppose that the women had had the courage ·and strength only the memory of the lavish expenditure and the notable to come out into the open and declare they would vote for trip remains for those who participated in this "cross country the ticket which would promise to give them suffrage~ Suprun" to line up the women of "the suffrage states" for one pose a vote of three million had been rolled up for Benson" Cha rles Evans Hughes. and Kirkpatrick? Does anyone think for a minute that the "The woman's part" is also a memory . It will go down in suffrage amendment would not have gone through at the. history as one of the factors used to try to blind the women first hour of the first convening of Congress? There can be who have the franchise to their own best interests. There. no greater incentive to our good representatives who keep an ,e~ms to be rio greater method f~r making the women think,' _ ear close to the ground than a big radical vote. They have and to act as they think, than to give them the right to to run ahead of the race. They must keep the people exercise their franchise. The suffrage states did not crowd tolerably well satisfied. The protest vote is the vote which eagerly forwa rd to elect a reac tionary president. The time is makes for progress. right for the women to take a stand against militarism and There will never be sex solidarity. Class lines are drawn war policies. In voting for Wilson they felt they had taken 'lmong women as among men. The law of economic dethis stand. California has spoken, and the world held its terminism knows no distinctions. It is a hopeful sign, breath to hear her speak. No more can the excuse makers however, that the women of the suffrage states refused to say that it was a stay at home vote which elected Mr. Wilson. be led. They are showing signs of progress. There will ever There was no stay at home vote. It was a vote of the great be a strong hope of appealing to the mother heart and any majority. mass action that may come from women will be from some Many of the radical women even thought it right to cast compelling emotional surge toward emancipation of humanity. a vote for a sure thing and voted for Mr. Wilson . When the Hughes special came to the West, some of ·our most brilliant club women went to the state border to meet them , and travel with them through California and try to ce nvine the women of this stale that it was the duty of all women to stand together. We heard such phrases mouthed By W arr en McCulloch as "the solidarity of the women." "line up the women for War, why came you stalking back fhe Anthony amendment. But they did not line up. OnE' To a welcome so scant as ours~ great reason that the women did not rally to this call and We have taught our children to hate you , vote for a reactionary Republica n i ~ that the Republican party As to love the fields and flowers. has never stood for the Anthony ame ndment or any other amendment which had for its object the giving to women· the right to enfranchisement. "I came for a parcel I had left To Mad Attilla's grace. The eleventh hour statement of Mr. Hughes was that There, too, is the spite of your children, he would do personally all he could for Women's suffrage. Which no fields and flowers can efface. What Mr. Hughes could have done would have been to have taken the trouble to go home to his own state and cast one "Think you to block my path with spite~ small single vote "for the women. Now history tells us that this gentleman never exerted himslf to vote for anything or Oh, pity for thoughts like thine I anyone. But he might have had a change of heart. We are The doctrine of Hatred is sure as Fate, not saying that he did not. When Love would beg and whine IBut how about our Eastern women and the party they represent? Thousands ·of dollars raised to conduct a cam"The whining love that co•ets paign for the most reactionary man that could have been put A neighbor's lands and winebefore the people of this nation. The whining love that aeeka for more When enough and to apare is thine. There is a party which has always had in its platform the Anthony amendment and for all other conditions which would "For dove-white worda a blighting scourge, make women the equal of man in all walks of life. Why did When the stream beneath runs red. not our wealthy Eastern friends come out and stand for this party if they were sincere in their statements that they would For blending the blood of such peoples ~lan d for the party which would have for its JX>licy the grantTakes water and soil-and lead. ing of suffrage to women? "So I come with my old, old message, A stand of this sort would have. brought to it women from Bringing no corn, no wine; all parties. Those who want all· of the women to enjoy the privilege that we have in the West. And we-all do want all of T caching my doctrine of hatredWhen your lov• would bei and whine I" the women to have a right to vote. But we are reminding our When Love Would Beg and Whine \ �Page lwenly THERAPEUTICS The Nutrition-Th-e Food We Eat - - -rE processes of nutrition in \he light we propose to consider it is the method by ~which the daily decay of tissues and fluids of the body is compensated by _ __ the appropriation of new matter. In this process many of our bodily functions are active. Cir~ culation, respiration, alimentation, digestion, absorption and secretion all play a prominent part. Ma.n is to a large ex~ tent but a machine for converting stim'!lli into ~eactions, as London suggests. . . Before the phenomena of nutrition our most learned savants stand in awe. The reason for the fact that ~ach part of the body from the complex mechanism of the brain to the extra vascular tissue such as hair take their respective nutriment from the blood are but indefinitely known. _One thing, however, is certain, that is, the blood contains _ all the elements needed to build the tissues of the body. The blood receives these principles from the food we ·eat. The substance required by each tissue are brought to it through the medium of the circulation, and oxygen, which is indispensable to the manifestation of life, is introduced through the act of respiration. The blood being constantly depleted of its substance through the demand made on it by the tissul's, takes on fresh material from the food eaten. To render the substance taken from the food adaptab!e to the needs of the body certain secretions are required. These are produced in the various glands. Every function of our body practically is engaged in the work of assimilating food or excreting effete matter. The effete matter thrown off from our bodies is taken up by the vegetable kingl;iom; thus nature maintains an equilib;·ium between her two great departments. The why of these phenomena may forever baffle the miud of man. It is on a par with the speculation about the soul. It is a problem that reaches into the infinite. Flint says: "The giving of a new name to organic matter without any addition to its physiological history does not advance our definite knowledge. For example, it has been known that certain nitrogenized constituents of the organisms classed collectively as organic principles, seem to give to the tissues their property of self-regeneration and development. It may seem to those not engaged in scientific inquiry that a recital of the wonderful properties of 'protoplasm' affords some additional information concerning the vital phenomena in organized bodies; but the true definition of the term leads us back to our former ideas of the so-called vital properties of organic matter." Clodd says in substance: "We cannot analyze protoplasm, for to analyze it means to destroy it, and when destroyed it is no longer protoplasm." Thus the basis of life is shrouded in mystery and the substance of this mystery is closely associated with the action of nitrogenous substance. This substance must be continually fed from the animal or vegetable kingdom. The whole problem of life without exception is one of nutrition. We may study life from any angle we please, whether as an effect of chemical action or as a principle in nature, nutrition must be dealt with. Let us study the fertilized ovum. Here life seems to be a principle enclosed with a wonderful power of attracting to itself needed substance for its unfoldment, from a little· microscopic globule of but slightly differentiated parts to a highly differentiated organism, an organism that develops in a definite time, a definite structure of par.ts. · and has within it~~elf the power to perpetuate its specie~ ,. IT sr or. Weslern John Comrade oequer It would be interesting to discuss Wiesman's theory of the germ-plasm; Virchow and cellular pathology, Alexis Carroll, and "Tj~s1,1e culture in media," and many other men and their discoveries, l;mt we have not the space. We can only point out the -vast importance of nutrition to the wonderful mechanism of our bodies, so that we may learn to aid, instead of hinder, in its sublime function. The process of nutrition begins with the taking of food into the system, and continues until it is excreted, in the forms of urine, faeces, and perspiration. Many substances pass from the body in the same form in which they were taken into it. From this it must not be inferred that they have been useles~ to the body. Our organism needs common salt in the process of absorption, as· salt has a strong affinity for water, while part of its chlorine becomes a constituent of every body tissue. Chlorides are so intimately associated with nitrogenous substances that they cannot be completely separated without burning, and, as we have seen earlier in this article, the nittrogenous substances are a part of our very vital properties (protoplasm). Salt is freely thrown off by the kidneys, skin and tear glands when it is superabundant in the tissues. Nature takes only as much of the substance as it can use, and endeavors to regulate the quantity as much as possible. In the processes of nutrition some elements pass -into, and some pass through, the tissues. For instance, we find in the body a variety of gases : oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carburretted hydrogen, and sulphurretted hydrogen. Of these oxygen alone is absolutely essential to the process of life. The others are more or less non-essential. They pass through the system, but do not become, strictly speaking, a part of it. These gases are formed in the union of various elements and have but an occasional function. To discuss this here would make this article much too technical. Water is taken into the system as drink, and with all kinds of food. It becomes a part of every tissue. It is also formed independently in the body through the union of oxygen and hydrogen. When we speak of water being present in every tissue, we do not mean that it is present as in a sponge, but that its elements enter into the make up of the tissues. In a former article we treated of water and its functions in our bodies. Let us repeat. Water dissolves, cleanses and carries nutrition in the body. Further, it gives elasticity to the cartilages; to tendons, their pliability and toughness; and to the bones their resistance. To waste matter it acts as a solvent. Next to oxygen and water, the body nee~s common salt. It is a principle constantly asscoiated with life, existing even in the ovum. It exists, more or less, in all fluids and solids in the body, except the enamel of the teeth. Professor Loeb contends that the salts of sodium, potassium and lime enter into the protective membrane of the cell-a process which he calls "tanning"- and that any marked departure from the normal ratio of these salts in the blood is followed by a more or less rapid degeneration of the protoplasm. Common salt has for its chief function the regulation of moisture in the system, and any disturbance in the chain of salt molecules in the circulation gives rise to pathological conditions of the tissues. These become inclined to watery exudations and swellings. The patient may crave salt, and take it in large quantities-and yet the body may not be able to assimliate it. In these conditions, Dr. Schuessler advises the administration of salt in highly dilute form, so as to have it taken up (Continued on Page 28) �The Weolern Comrade EDUCATION Education for Reai Life -~HAT is the object that we have in mind when we W I force the children, all the children, to SPend the· great- ; er part of what should be the happiest period of their lives in school. The parents' point of view is that they are preparing them for the battle of life, and they have heen trained to believe that the more schooling they can get the more advantageous their future position in iife will be. Besides this, they believe that the discipline and· tJ'llining in ;elf-restraint involved in the handling of children in large groups, is beneficial to them. Incidentally to !~"average American mother, who does the housework and sewing for the fa mily, cooks three meals a day and looks after their amusement and nurses them in sickness, the only thiJlg that ~~s her from going quite mad with the strain, is ~~ for pa ,.e'of the day at least they are in school and presumably out of mischief. This in itself would be a sufficient reason for sending them there. The parents who have any idea of culture in their mind are quite rare. The general public, the taxpayers, have before them almost >olely the idea of efficiency; the children must be trained to he useful citizens. When, however, we gel away from the child as he relates to his parents, or to the taxpayer, and consider things purely from the child's point of view, you have a very different situation. The child is supposed, as per the Declaration of Independence, to have the right to the pursuit of happiness. The greatest happiness in li'fe is to exercise our highest powers to the fullest extent. It is this instinct t~at l?ives the tale of adventure its universal appeal. The hero IS domg what we all long to do. He has broken aw?y from the dull r_outine of little duties, has thrown aside the httle habitual cautionsimagine a hero concerned lest he sh_ould wet his. feet! -and has thrown himself wholeheartedly mto the ach1evement of the impos·sible. If he succeeds he will have great applause, which will mean little to him. because the memory that he once achieved the ultimate expression of his being will be the real reward and the real triumph. If he fails, this real 1 eward will ~till be his, a nd no after suffering can take it from him. It is to the opportunity of the exercise of his highest faculties that a child has the right. We are not justified in starting with the idea that perhaps his puents were hum-drum vulgar iolk and that he must follow in their steps. Every child is something entirely new that has just begu~ to happen. What is it} That is the great question. How can we clear the road so that this wonderful thing can have free scope. Our public schools will teach him how not to starve to death, how to keep out of jail, to still his imaginati~n ~nd lorget his birthright of happiness, to be bored to extinction and never, never, to wake up. Is this the only end to the miracle of being? . What does the child really need? He rarely gets anythmg worth while from books. He needs the constant society of charming, capable, and cultivated ladies and gentlemen. They must be charming that he may follow them eagerly and enthusiastically. ' And is there any more delightful service in the world than to lead a group of enthusiastic young people to develop whatever ability they may have latent in their innermost being, and which you alone can draw forth? In the early days of New England, the schoolmaster was the acknowledged leader in the community. The schoolteacher now not only does not lead but is not admitted as an equal in the "best society." This is because this commercial age offers all its priz.es to those who have the art of accumulating money, and the people of ability are irresistibly drawn into the "struggle for wealth." But the children who grow up in constant contact with inferior minds are handicapped from the first to a degree for which no later conditions can compensate. But it must be personal association in small groups. The mass instruction forced upon us by the economic pressure, which is perhaps more disastrous to the community in this form than in any other, deteriorates society in the very springs of its being, by crushing t>ut the vitality of the children. But the privilege of daily living in close touch with a high minded and highly trained personality-that is education in its highest aspect. Such a person will brush aside and eliminate the endless grind of trivialities with which we cumber and obfuscate our souls and lead the cnild to the conquest of the-higher planes on which his youthful enthusiasms will establish themselves in fertile soil. As for the routine work-if a child always hears good English he will not know of any other way to speak. If he always hears bad English no amount of grammar work will affect his daily speech. If his parents are careless, after twelve years of schooling he will use double negatives and say "I done." The normal way for a child to get information is to listen to his elders discussing the problems of the day, and referring him to the best sources of information as occasion offers, and to do the necessary work of the community with the men and women who are especially trained to perform those tasks. However, merely being a good workman does not qualify a man to teach a child. He must be capable, that the child may imitate the ease and skill with which he accomplishes things, but he should also have charm and culture. If the child is not interested in him no real results will be attained, and if. while he is teachi1ig the child how to plane a board he is also teaching him to say "that there tool ain't got no edge," the child has gone a long step backward instead of forward. For in no other thing is the happiness of the child involved as much as in this question of language. Pure English will admit him into the society of people who live the intellectual life ; bad grammar will force him to content himself with the society of the ignorant a nd undeveloped members of the community. Nothing is so hard to o•:ercome as careless habits of ·speech, and nothing will cut you off so definitely from the higher forms of enjoyment. English first, last, and all the time is the only safe rule to follow. All the really essential features of education can be acquired by association with cultured people who are doing the work of the community, except higher mathematics and professional training. A child need never spend an hour at a desk if from babyhood he has had these advantages. But this form of education presupposes a Socialist community. In society as generally organized, the cultured people pride themselves on never doing any useful work and fill their lives up with the endless entanglement~ of self1shness and vanity which make their existence a detriment to the communit}. Such examples of culture would be the last people to whom children should be entrusted, and they themselves would be the last people to volunteer "for such a service of love, But they who believe in Brotherhood, what greater joy could they have than to set the golden age of youth triunaphantly on its way to high accomplishment? .. �Th~ AGitlCULTURE Plowing --fiERE has been considerable said about plowing but too much can never be said. It is practiced more · than any other form of cultivation, but at the present __ _I day few farmers know its real value. Plowing is an art of its own. Throughout the world plowing is being done for many different crops, and In many different climates. In many places fall plowing is practiced, for the purpose of conserving the moisture that falls during the winter months. Many plow indiscriminately, thinking that if the ground is plowed, that is all that is necessary. ' There are three methods of turning the furrow slice, and the study of these is important. The flat furrow slice, which is completely turned over and lies flat in the preceding furrow, is used mostly in covering trash, weeds and anything that might hinder cultivation. Little thought is given as to whether this method is beneficial or not. The furrow slice is not well pulverized, and lies so close to the ground that the air is not able to circulate through it, and this is the chief object of plowing. The lap furrow slice is one that laps the preceding one. The soil is lapped and left standing on edge, which tends to pulverize it more and leave larger air spaces, in which oxidation may take place. The third method is the inverted furrow slice, which does not lap, but is turned on edge. It is more pulverized than the lap, but leaves ridges in the field . T TI Comr~d t By Oliver Zornes Plowing mixes and pulverizes the soil particles, thus making chemical union more pronounced. It also loo'Sens it so as to permit of a freer circulation of air, which comprises seventyfive per cent of plant and animal life. It acts as a mulch to conserve moisture that may fall. Different depths of plowing are practiced for different crops, but one should not, at any time, turn up a lii'Tge amount of the soil that has not been exposed to the air. That is, plow but little deeper than you did last year, for the reason that it takes time for the plant food to become available in such soil. Deep plowing is usually practiced in the cultivation of deep rooted plants, and shallow plowing on shallow rooted one~. This is because moisture content is usually low in loose soil. and the short roots capnot reach the more compact soil. By deep plowing root systems are forced down, thus prolecti u ~ them from the drying weather and aHowing for a deep muld,, which conserves the moisture and holds the water table mor~ uniform. Deep plowing is practiced is orcharding; shallow plowing in the growing of onions. A common pract:ce is to plow for seeding onions in the fall, thus allowing the soil to settle, and follow by harrowing in the spring. This raises the water table, and holds the moisture nearer the surface. There are many other crops that might be mentioned, and it is to the interest of every former to study this question more thoroughly. Ofttimes it has paid to plow as many as three or four times for one crop. Irrigation of Alfalfa HE most important factor to be considered in the care of alfalfa is its irrigation. The proper moisture content coupled with our __ _ warm days and nights makes the production of alfalfa one of Llano's greate~t assets. This year we have harvested seven crops of hay. This cannot be excelled anywhere. The water was handled in a manner to give each crop as good a start as possible. Under the direction of Comrade Kennedy, our alfalfa fields were irrigated last winter. This was intended to supplement our winter rainfall which is not abundant. The filling of the subsoil when water is abundant is economical, and has resulted in a saving of at least ten per cent on our summer irrigation. Winter irrigation, if practiced with care, is good; hut on the other hand, if overdone, can result only in harm to the succeeding year's crops. Soil leaching is a · common practice among irrigators. The available mineral plant foods of the soil are soluable in water and may be carried off into the subsoil where the plants can not use it if excessive irrigation is practiced. A leached soil is evidenced by thinner and weaker stands. A lack of vitality is noticed in the plants and each succeeding crop becomes less and less in quantity. The remedy is temperance in the use of water and thorough cultivation. One winter irrigation in Llano should be enough, after which the soil should be thoroughly pulverized for the next year's crops. Cultivated soils are more retentive of soil moisture, hence less leaching takes place. Some farmers are too conscientious about breaking up the crowns. Go into the field and stir it as if desirous of destruction, and the ideal condition will be more nearly We•tern By Wesley Zornes reached. Breaking of the crown simply causes more to form. increasing the stand. We cannot over-estimate the value of cultivation of alfalfa in its irrigation. If a system of cultiva· tion could be adopted after each irrigation, it is safe to say the crop would be increased and the amount of water used would be lessened. On some Arizona farms, this is practiced with success. Its practicability is yet to be demonstrated on a large scale. A common practice is to renew leached and run-out •field> by plowing and planting to some other crop for a few year>. A system of rotation may be practiced, such as alfalfa. beet~ . some cereal, and then planting to alfalfa again. The time of irrigation can only be determined by clo><' observation on the part of the irrigator. In Llano two irr.gations suffice for a crop; one just before and one ju:;t aflc • cutting. The irrigation before cutting is to start the b:td shoots of the next crop. Well irrigated alfalfa should have a bright green co!or. When the leaves turn a dark green the water ~hould be applied. Irrigating too early in the spring is a com:non error Evaporation by frequent cold winds keeps the >oil cold and unlit for plant growth. Irrigation and cultivation must go on together. 1\ppl;: moisture when the plants need it, not before. Apply w~ter when the sun shine>. Early irrigation h:~s a tendency to hoi I back plant growth. Water and sunshine are the determining factors in plaul growth. Llano is blessed with a perpetual right to both . Llano is destined to become one of the grP.atest agricultural sections in California. We have the soil ; we have the climate : we ha\oe the water. �Th ~ We s tern Comrade Growi~g CO-OPERATION Toward Co-operation - -HERE are many living today who can- remember the I beginning made by some .individual in business or in1 dustry in a small way which has developed into a . . monopoly of that industry against which ati individual operator can not successfully compete with the means and machinery at his command-a flouring mill, an oil well, 3. coal mine, a cotton gin, 'In elevator--opportunity to repeat these achievements seems to have vanished. But is must be remembered that the individual has not accomplished all this by himself. He may have been the sole owner, but from the fir>t he began forming combinations with others--- partnerships, companies, corporatioils, syndicates, trusts-all founded upcn the principle of combination and co-operation among the owners of the property and medium of exchange. It was uot called co-operation, however. These combinations, then, from first to last, engaged labor to operate the industrial machine so organized, allowing labor a ;hare much less than was produced, one of the reasons for which was alleged to be that as the workers owned no machinery their share of the joint product of labor and the machine should not exceed what they could produce by hand without machinery, and the surplus above such share being credited to the machine should helong to the owners of the machine. Thl•s at the beginning of social production injustice ruled where co-operative dist rihution should have been established. And labor accepted that philosophy (not always without protest. however), but ,the individual always cherishing the hope that he might some day become tht> owner of a machine and himself, in turn, an exploiter of his fellow workers. Here lies the secret of industrial power--combination, ownership of machinery, and labor exploitation. And so, while machinery hils been constantly and progressively improved by labor itself. a nd the powers of nature made to operate it so that the output has been mulitplied many times, labor's share has not kept pace with such improvemen ts and increases of the product but practically remains at what it wa' at first, just what tt could produce by hand without a machine or with the crudest of tools. Each of these successive combinations was larger and more powerful than its predecessor out of which it had been developed, and each represented a stage in the growth and succession of industrial ownership. Each combination prepared the industry it operated for the next stage in the succession of private ownership and control, but none of them realized that the immutable law of industrial evolution would eventually demand another transition from the highest stage of private ownership which they could attain, to one higher than they could control or operate successfully with justice to the people. one that would be much better for all the people-the stage of public ownership. And so industrial co-operators may take a lesson from capital ownership, which, however. was not intended to be a lesson to them, that the preparation of industries for public ownership should be the purpose a nd final object of all industrial organization; it is the final stage in the succession of ownership as far as the future of industrial organization can be foreshown today. And wherever a majority of the voters of a community by their negative attitude and conservatism refuse public credit and supervision in the construction and opera tio:1 of industries, the minority should in their private capacity initiate a movement through a private association o~anized with that declared object in view, and construct T Page twenty tim. • B y C I in t o ·n B a n c:: r o ft and operat~ such industries as are adapted to the locality and conditions and requirements of the community interested until the consent of the necessary majority is regularly gained upon the question of public ownership and operation of such industries so prepared. Such public consent may not be gained through political action in ten years or in twenty years after the industry is organized by the private co-operative association; but if its operation results in a just distribution of the product to the labor employed, and is satisfactory to its patrons, whether the legal title were vested in the private association or in the public would make but little difference. But the reader must not misunderstand this proposition of preparing industries for public ownership. It is not meant by this that the people should undertake to duplicate public utilities of any character of great producing or manufacturing industries. Wherever an industry (be it public utility or private producing industry) has destroyed lawful competition and become a practical monopoly, wherever such operation and management has become despotic and contemptuous of the law and its service unsatisfactory, its charges oppressive and its profits excessive, it !llay be said that it is as thoroughly prepared for public ownership and operation as private, associated effort is capable of preparing it; equally as much so as though its organization had originally been effected with that object clearly and consciously in view by its owners. Many industries have now reached that stage in the succession of ownership (it is ·the capitalistic ideal), so clearly so that their operation and control by the public has now become an imperative necessity to industrial peace. As already stated, opportunity for the workers to engage in business or industry independent of and in competition with the great industries already established, seems to have faded away. But not so. Opportunity for the individual to repeat the former achievements of the small private owner, or to exploit labor for profit is very much restricted; but let individual workers combine their mea ns and labor power and establish co-operative groups a nd search for them, and they will find opportunities present on every side. The first stage in the old succession of private ownership has been found to be too slow, unsatisfactory and wasteful. The individual is being effaeed in the private ownership of industries by combination; and henceforth, the organization of labor-employing industries is to begin with the co-operative group or unit. It is the steam roller of evolution eliminating individualism from the industrial organism and introducing social labor {socialism) in its place. It is in perfect harmony with the law of industrial economy-the elimination of waste and inefficiency. Then · let the object of co-operative organization be to prepare industries for public ownership, and opportunities and their rewards will be forthcoming. They are everywhere. That is what the private capitalists are unconsciously doing today, as shown, but with a different object in view on their part. They would make private ownership and labor exploitation for profit a permanent institution. They are satisfied with the present economic order and would stop where they are. But like the herd driven to the brink of the precipice by the wolves of want behind them, they must "keep moving." The deep sea of co-operation lies before them and the devil of industrial conflict behind. They hesitate to make the fa tat plunge; but they can not turn back, and they can not stand still. �The P~e twenty four Co-operation and Printing - - - ,MONG the industries of Llano, not the least · important is its printshop. Insignificant indeed is the , community of today without a printshop and its · . __ __' products. Printing is truly an art. A printer without artistic tastes is in the wrong pew. Although it is but twenty years since the printer was known as the prize booze fighter amongst the workers, this does not, however, exclude him from artistic claims. He has always been an artist, and it is only with the advent of huge printing plants that he is dele1loping into an automaton. Printing for profit has embraced the efficiency bug which makes but little allowance for the individuality of .the printer. Performing the same work continuously ·day after day is not conducive to artistic ideals. The individuality of the printer should not be throttled by a consideration of an alleged efficiency system which often means "more profits." The foreman is often appointed for his ability to drive rather than for his knowledge or experience. He may be unartistic and his men must lower their standard to a level which meets his approval. They can not use their judgment nor introduce individuality in their work. It does not pay. Profit is the first and ultimate cause in the printshop of today. Llano's printshop, as with all of its industries, will be different. As it grows in size and importance, it will also improve in the quality of its product. As against the modern A 1 VI Comrade By Georg ·e E. Cantrell sweat~shop methods of efficiency, the co-operation of its employes will surely prove of ,»alue and will encourage art in printing. •·~. Printing for profit is the slogan for a Printers' Board of Trade, an organizations of printshop owners. The elimination of the profit system will revolutionize the industry. While profit is the chief considerat1on in the printshop of today, a day will dawn when the art in printing will be the paramount ambition. Remove the customs and agencies which bind and stifte the free play of individual tastes-the profit system with its time limits, the driving boss, the so-called efficiency systemand what a change will be observed. Llano's workers are not time servers. The fascination of the art in printing will keep the printer to his task, thus producing efficiency. The fact that each man shall judge his own product will inspire quality in the work, for what artist would produce that which he could not admire in the work of his neighbor? With the more liberal application of the new a nd beautiful processes, the individual expression of the printer will mould itself for the encouragement of a rt in printing. Co-operation in the printshop will be a factor in the development of individuality. How can co-operation be obtained? By equality of opportunity and responsibility, and the common interest of the workers. It is the only way. Llano's co-operative system provides the way. Never Trouble Trouble ·---·- EXATIONS and annoyances come to all of us. In the final analysis most of them are petty and trivial. If we allow ourselves to be put out and disturbed over __ some foolish remark a nervous condition ensues that destroys the mind for hours. Often it seems that vexations are designed to test strength and character. They are in our road daily. Every word is subject to misinterpretation, and every action an object of suspicion. When a statement ·is repeated four or five times the sponsor .of the thought wouldn't recognize it. An action seen from a distance becomes distorted and bears a false relation to the mental impulse when seen by eyes of callous doubt. To be doubted when your speech and action is true and noble vexes the spirit and tests the sweetness of character. But don't worry. Explanation is so difficult and leaves the explainer in a more doubtful position than before. Leave it to understanding . and time. Time rights all conditions, levels all inequalities and stills every tongue. When you are vexed, say to yourself that you cannot afford to wo.rry as you must reserve your strength for real troubles. You are told people are gossiping about you. What odds? It can no more harm the real self than a Rea bite. Gossip is only for unoccupied minds-it shows a lack of interest in affairs of moment. Gossip is born of envy and suspicion, and hurts the one who indulges in it more than the subject. Self control to most of us is simply a phrase, like the old adage "know thyself." If we allow small things to annoy us, where is the control? Your coffee Is weak, your cakes are underdone, your seed didn't grow. Will it be rectified by fuming and fretting about it? The thing is done; it is a fact, therefore adapt yourself to conditions and strive to better them . Western B y R o b e r t K. W i II i a m s Things can get only so bad. When you get sick, you get sick enough to die. or you get well. It is useless to fret one way or the other. Worry over vexations leads to more worry and vexations. Vexations are handed-ytm from every angle of life, and the finest paths have thorns here and there. Avoid them by ignoring their presence. A man loses in efficiency and degrades himself who thinks much over trivial vexations. When one consumes his working power in recrimination the job remains undone, and the individual as well as society receives a setback and a shock. Logically reason an action and weigh a word before forming judgment. Get the other's viewpoint. He may have something different in his mind. ."Remember" says H. Addington Bruce, "that by letting our minds dwell on petty troubles, we distract our attention from the important things with which we ought to be occupiedthe duties and tasks, the responsibilities and opportunities of .. our daily life. "Consequently no man who lets trivialities annoy him need expect to maintain a high level of working power for any length of time. "That is to say, a surrender to the trivial involves a hand;cap on efficiency as well as on cha~acter. "Everybody wants to succeed, everybody wants to be happy. everybody wants to be strong. These are laudable desires. all of which the little mishaps of existence can frustrate - if we allow them to. "Mastering them by ignoring them, we shal! find ourselves speeding more swiftly to the goal of our desires. Test this statement for yourself without delay." �The Western Comrade Pase twenty 6ve Canada Bars Pearson's A' -· --LTHOUGH no specific reasons ar-e given. Pearson's · Magazine has been barred from Canada by the Chief : Press Censor of that country. The only article in the _ __ : November issue of the magazine that could have been objectionable from a British viewpoint was that by Miss Connolly, daughter of James Connolly, the Irish revolutionist, who was taken from a hospital and shot. In Miss Connolly's article it was said that a British officer tortured and terrorized a fifteen year old Irish girl, Molly McLoughlin, by pretending to shoot her as a spy. The only editorial comment that might prove objectionable to the Canadian government is contained in the October issue, in reference to the starving people in Poland. The editorial ;aid : "These unfortunate people have been harried and ravaged by the Cossacks and starved by the English blockade, so that half a million of women and children, it is estimated, have perished of hunger. Little boys and girls have been found who have gnawed their own arms." Harris' Appeal . Frank Harris, the editor, added an appeal to President Wilson, asking England to permit America to extend Poland such relief as was being afforded Belgium. The article concludes as follows: "The British," he wrote, "will not allow American supplies to pass to the starving Poles save under conditions much more onerous than those applying to Belgian relief. This crime against humanity is; perhaps, the blackest in the whole war." "In other words," concludes the statement, "to spea·k on behalf of suffering women and children is a crime in the eyes of the Canadian Government, and an American's appeal to his own government in the cause of humanity is qoycotted." Following is the letter sent to Pearson'~ by the Chief Press Censor for Canada : You r telegram lo Postmaste r General referred lo me. Pearson's Magazine forbidden circula tion in Canada because it published com· munications a nd reports concerning the operations of the present war and the movements of the forces of His Majesty and of His Majesty's allies, and commented upon the policy of the governmen t of a neut ral state, such communications and reports being likely lo cause disaffection lo His Majesty, to prevent, hinder or interfere withthe success of the allied forces by land or sea and lo prejudice His Majesty's relations with a foreign stale or othe.Wise assist or encourage the enemy, and to p revent, embarass or hinder the successful prosecution of the war. As to failing to give you warning, I do not presume to dicta te lo publications printed in foreign countries. E~NEST J. CHAMBERS Chief Press Censor for Canada. Reply from Pearson's The following letter was sent in reply by the Pearson Publishing Company: October 28, 1916. Mr. Ernest j . Chambers, Chief Press Censor for Canada. Ottawa, Canada. Dear Sir- 1 have your wire advising us why Pearson's Magazine has been excluded from the Canadian post. I thank you for your very prompt response and I wish to express the regret of all connected with this magazine that this action has been taken by your government. The people of the United States hold- a variety of opinions concerning the European war, depending on previous racial birth, ulterior financial interests and the propaganda of the so-called capitalist press. Our financiers and munition manufacturers have profited immensely by the war, and, inasmuch as this profit has come directly from sales of ·munitions and supplies to the allies and by loans to the allied governments, the ultra-capitalist interests of the country are in consequence pro-ally. The big daily papers are either oivned by these same capitalist interests or effectually controlled so that our daily food in the way of news and propaganda has ·all been favorable to the allies. On the other hand, there is a pro-German party, backed by a German press and supported by a section of the English press, which is as violently pro-German. As a consequence, it has not been possible for our people to be neutral in thought. Standpoint of Peanon's Pearson's Magazine has discussed the war, but never from a political standpoint-purely an economic one. Our special writers have been instructed to keep all partisan bias out of their articles and to discu~s the war only in relation to its economic phases. In the war ar-ticles which have appeared in our columns we have pointed out, among other things, that the German government ha:s done more to make the life of its working class secure and comfortable than any other government in the world, and we have drawn the conclusion that this fact is responsible for the intense loyalty of the German working people to their government and their Fatherland. In other articles it has been pointed out that the government of England has done little to raise the standard of living of her working class, and that this was responsible for the hick of enthusiasm in the enlistment of the English class in the first year of the war. We have also pointed out that next to the German, the French government has excelled other countries of Europe in safeguarding the economic interest of its working class, with the consequent loyalty of the French working people to their government. When the Irish rebellion came and those who had participated in it were so brutally dealt with by the English government, it gave a moral shock to the people of the United States - a shock which would have been greater had not the capitalist press of America suppressed the gruesome details. · Americans do not and cannot forget that we have erected a monument at Bunker HiJI to commemorate the deeds of men who did what the Irish people were trying to repeat at Dublin. Pearson's Magazine · published some of the facts about the Irish revolution-:-facts which did not appear in the American press. Years ago this magazine adopted this rule of editorial action concerning all matters of information: , First: Is it true~ Second: Is it important that our readers know it? Your telegram assigning a reason for barring · us from the Canadian post is a complex mass of verbiage which multiplies words and says nothing other than to convey the fact that we are barred from access to our Canadian readers. We therefore draw the conclusion that we have been barred out of Canada because we have told the truth, and the truth hurts. It has been hinted to us from other sources that our mailing privilege could be restored under certain conditions, but they are easy to guess: We can get back into Canada if we will agree to suppress the truth. This we will not agree to do. Therefore, we are fully prepared to face the fact that we are out of Canada until such time as the present rulers of Canada are no longer its rulers. Very truly yours, THE PEARSON PUBLISHING CO. A. W. RICKER. .:_From the "New York Call." • • J..-_.. , ' ... - .. ~ �Page twenty a MAGAZINE SUMMARY The Western Comrade What Thinkers ·Think The Substance of Instructive Articles tn October Magazines HARPER'S MAGAZINE The Heavens Through a !pectroscope. -Until 1885, aatronomen could only measure the distance of fixed alan by triangulation. It was then discovered that · the spectroscope !'OI only ahowed what alan were com· posed of, but also their motion, if in the "line of sight," either towards you or away from you, by the displacement of the lines of the spectrum toward the violet or red. Dr. Adams baa recently diacovered a more effective way, by comparing their absolute brightness with their apparent brightnen. Certain spectrum lines vary in importance with the absolute brightness. So close is this relation that the astronomer, when he sees the character of these particular lines can tell what the absolute brightness is. If then we know the apparent brightness of a star, and the absolute brightness as d'termined by these lines, the difference between them stated in miles instead of degrees of brichtness, will represent tlie distance of the star form the earth. Adams has expressed this proc~n · by a numerical formula which he 'te•ted on all the stars- whose distances were accurately known by trie • ~ulation, and found it well substantiated. This system can be applied to alan of extremely great distance, for which the method of triangulation absolutely fails. The new telescope on Mount Wilson has fifty square feel of light gathering surface, and this extraordinary increase of power should bring great results on these lines of investigation. The nebulae and sun spots also yield much information on processes of cosmic evolution. From birth to death we can watch the stars, for the specl~oscope has opened the windows of heaven and we are learning to look through them at the universe as it is.-C. G. Abbott. PEARSON'S changed portentously. The huge expenditure and huge borrowing are not without proportional precedent, but the relinquishment of the gold hoard of the French and German people, at the mere request of their governments, upsets completely the fundamental principle of old fashioned political economists, to whom self-interest was the only governing inOueni:e in the actions of communities as a whole. If . they would have been amazed at this, the "xpedient known as "mobilizing securities" would have impressed them as something inconceivable. A month ago, the British Government placed a $250,000,000 loan in New York City, against which it pledged aa collateral U. S. stocks and bonds, which it had forced out of the hands of the British investors, who were loath to let go, by a special .var tax of two shillings on every pound. A third innovation has been the •ystematic taking over of railways and industries by all the nations involved. Alao it is not at all certain that these new functions will be readily laid aside after the war.-Aiexander Dana Noyes. The Fallacy of the Short Cut in Art Education.--Memory training gives us parrots instead of citizens; the panacea of the period is .self expression, but we must not forget the sacredness of our obligation to have something really worth expressing. Most of us know that teaching is not a put-inand-take-out process, like banking or ..!entistry, and we can understand that a child is not a child if he is a jar. However, he cannot be left to his untutored choice. Day and night you safeguard him in his choices in the material world. How does it happen that you think it safe to give him a free hand in his spiritual choices. Neither young nor old can reject the expert in aesthetics. Our advertisements overtop our cathedrals. The world's art has had of late its staggering recoils, its incredibly fuJile choices. Almost the whole object of education should be to find out wllat one really and whole-heartedly likes and wants.-Adeline Adams. The Inside of the Pork Barrel.-The chairman of the Rivers and Harbors , bill admitted that 60 per cent of it was bad, but though ~ou SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN could not bribe those Senators with millions, the threat of not bemg re-elected frightens them' into supporting navigation according to the_ Binocular Vision.-While insects have many eyes, the higher orders all new definition " making the public funds flow like water into the pockets have two eyes. Very few have binocular vision, that is, see the same of the poor but de•ervin~ rich.'' Back of most of the pr~jec!s is so~e object at the same time with both eyes. Even the dog centers but one eye form of Big Business like the Southern Water Power Combmahon, whrch upon the object of interest. Th evolutionists say that man himself has not io the chief beneficiary from these government improvements of boatless yet fully learned this lesson. It is a rare thing to find two eyes exactly creeks. Mr. Frear, Senator Kenyon and a few others, appeal the case alike in one person, hence eye-strain, nervous headaches and a shirking of from a Congress drunk from extravagance, to a people sober, meditative the effort to combine the il'llages. To do oo is to lose a large part of the and very discriminating.-Charles Edward Russell. satisfastion of normal human sight. Close one eye and glance 01,1t of the window and you will be amazed to see how Rat the field of- vision seems. Shall the Government own the Munition Plants ?-Government eon tracts 13y reason of the little separation of about two inches from center to cenare very profitable, so munition makers . promote. war scares !o keep their ter, a beholder possesses a parallax, whereby he exercises stereoscopic plants busy. The munition makers provrde the hrllmen of lndra, abd ot~er vision. and . obtains a constant space perception of the objects contem· tribes with the modern munitions with which to keep up border rards plated, giving a comprehension oi both their distance and their shape. which cost England millions, and the chronic revolutionists of Spanish Hence binocular vision should be insisted on. and the necessary optical aids America contribute immense sums to this world trust. The threat of the obtained from a skilled oculist.-Frederick Campbell. armor plate makers to increase the price of their product by over $200 a ton if the government goes into the business, would be treated as treason LITERARY DIGEST if it came from organized labor. Only since commercialism became identified with war has it been demanded that human beings should give The Negro Moving North.-The South revels in cheap negro labor as their all, while property should not. only be free from requisition, but the basis c:;f its prosperity, dwells upon the absence of negro labo r unions, enjoy collossal benefits as weii.-Frederic C. Howe. and exults that the negro protects the south from the hordes of foreigners. Now the negro is moving north by the million, and the south is considThe Story of the National Federation of Poll Office Clerks.-Legislative ering legislative means to prevent this. If various sections and large in progren for postal employees dates from the moment of their aflili4tion terests begin to bid for the negro, he will rise in the wage scale, precisely with organized labor. Since then their salaries have been regulated, they as have the Hungarians and other races, who now get three dollars a day have an eight hour law, they have obtained liberty to organize for pro· for unskilled labor. If the southern negro, finding social and political contection, {the men who achieved the lint organization all lost their posiditions intolerable. were able to migrate to the north. he would have in tion•) and they come under the workmen'• compensation. act. !heir ~rga· his hand a weapon as effective as any he could find in the ballot box. oization now comprises 10,000 membera. A postal employee •• a highly Thus the negro, a half century after emancipation, is today entering upon trained apecialiat who can find no other employer if he loaea a job. a new stage in his progren 'up from slavery.'-Editorial. Their' big fight now is for a hearing on appeal, before arbitrary dismissal euta them off from their livelihood. -Frederick Monroe. Our Future Hybrid Race.-The processes of extinction and fusion of SaYing Familiea From the Scrap Heap.-The mothera' pension law in Michigan is doing good work. Afier two yean experience, its scope was areatly broadened. The expenae is great, but a family kept together generally beeomea aelf supporting; separated, each individual degenerates. It paya the state better to make the family efficient than to keep up asylums and priaona.-F ranklin Harvey. SCRIBNER'S After Two Yean of War.- The great war haa brought confusion on previous judgment• of national character and previous theory and experience jp the arl of war, bill e<:onomi~ lll~th9<1t lllld fulancial maehinerr bav~ races have been taking place in America's short history with such rapidity that they can actually be observed. The spread of man over the whole of the habitable earth and the development of communication are destroying isolation aiid are rapidly reducing the hindrances to the amalgamation of the races. It seems clear that there is destined to be but one race of mankind in time, a highly hybrid stock, about as homogeneous as the present European population. The resultant race will have a great variety of unit qualities to be manipulated in eugenic marriages. Can eugenics register in human betterment ? Surely, if we will have it so. The ideal of a race wholesome in its innate character is so beautiful thRt it must win ita way. Not 'a race of men that are de<:ent because they are restrained �The Western Comrade MAGAZINE SUMMARY from following their natural bent, but a race whose natural quality is wholesome•. who need not so much to restrain, as to develop themselves.-Editorial. Oar Trade Baratiq ib Jacket.-Goods from abroad are coming in greater :V~l?me. than. ever before. The world, with one hand tied by military achVJhes, ts d01ng as much work with th~ other hand as was formerly· done with two hands. Workmen ar~ doing more per hour, the retired have been summoned to employment, the leisure classes have ceased to be parasitic, women. have taken up tasks and shown great competence--the army of the idle. ~as disappeared. All these things have great bearings on post-war condihons. They suggest that when the armies are mustered out, there is not likely to be a long period of painful reconstruction. Man now has · machin~s and has teamed how to co-operate wit11 his feDows. · - Editorial. THE FRA Tt.e New Woman and Business.-The new woman ·remains a true woMan, hut she is going to insist on being a woman in more places; and more of the time and on a bigger scale than she has wanted to before. She " going to appropriate the streets and railway trains, hotels and city baU., •md make a city as snug as a collage. The touch that pulls any particular man together from the beginning of the world is going to be the touch that pulls all men together. Labor and Capital-those two gr~ve, ' olemn, old he-fools-have blundered into nearly everything that is the matter with them today because the things any woman 'Would think of in male human beings, the litttle big things a woman sees and plays on in human nature, have been passed over.- Gerald Stanley Lee. Page twenty - forward exultantly.. to "trade. wan and tar!~ wars." ·"We, the working people, are not gomg to let tt be supposed he declared "that we countenanced our entry into this · terrible· war ·for the purpose of capturing German trade," apd the decl•ration was enthusiastically applauded. Lord Bryce has also expr"!~ tne •.ame. idea. . Many men in Great Britain, be says, have heen anxtously considering the subject of the prevention of future wars. A trade war would prolong, would embitter afresh, those hatreds that Qught to be allowed to die, and it o.asllGle• a continuance of tho~e very things from which we expect our victory lo deliver us once for aii.-Editorial. ' CURRENT HISTORY A Silent Rev~lation io Eocland. -The British are not a nation as the French are a nation because the revolution of social equ~lity h~s never yet been made. The great ·mass of the nation ue not fighting even now for an England which is themselves, but for an England which inherits noble traditions a~d fine qualities, but which is separated from them by th~ imp~lpable barrier of ~aste. This separation has , been wonderfully bndged m the trenches. ltfe seems wider and more impersonal. Rank and caste count. for less. All have suffered alike and all have served alike. an_d. all have the same world to live in and repair. Social superiority and prtvtlege must give way to common humanity and common sacrifice. - Editorial. THE OUTLOOK The South: Backward and Sectional or Progressive and · National.-lf the test of a section is "not where it stands, but how it is moving,'~ the South is unmistakably progressive. and no section of America is more ATLANTIC broadly national and patriotic. In a schoolroom in Dixie the pictures of Washington, Lincoln and Lee hang on the walls, and no Southerner regrets The Criers of the Mosical Shop.-"We catch glimpses of vast vistas that we are in the Union and ·not in the confederacy. There is no section where dissonance is king; slow iron twilight in which trail the enigmatic where commercialism and lust for money are .Jess rampant, where the figures of another world; there are often more moons than one in the public service bas been freer from graft and corruption, or where such . this blood-red skies of his icy landscapes." "Cacophany rules, notable progress has been made in grappling with the whiskey evil. North episode is repulsive in its aural cruelty . . Often we cannot hear Carolina was the first slate to establish a regular official department to Richard Strauss is the musical the music because of the sco re help farmers in marketing their crops and the first to establish rural credit enchanter of our day What a gorgeous, horrible color scheme unions. As to negro lynchings, it is probable that there have been as is his. He has a taste fOI sour progressions, and every voice in his ormany of these proportionally to the negro population, North as South. chestral family is forced to "'sing impossible and wicked things." "The unsophisticated perceptions of, children, half-witted human creatures and of · No Jllorthern state has made more progress wi th regard to compulsory .. school attendance than the South has in the last five years,- Ciarence Poe. animals having rid himself of experience, of learning, of ·tradition Thus boast the musical critics of the day in books LITERARY DIGEST published by reputable houses. One was written by an Oxford professor. The Coming Medical System.-Apparently Dr. Cabot is not alone amof)tl The remedy for this sort of thing is a sense of humor. and genuine culeminent medical authorities in believing that the downfall of the individual ture can comfort itself with the fact that music cannot say these things. fee system is at hand, and that some kind of corporate regulation of health Emotion and imagery are not thought . and language alon< can convey will succeed it. Health insurance is now compulsory under government id~ns.-Sherlock Bronson Gass. auspices in Great Britain. How are physicians to be paid under ;the new Our Jtelations With Great Britain.-lbe liberal party in England has <ystem? The lodge system of so much per person per year is an encouralways been friendly to the United States, and in harmony with its ideals, agement to careless work . Payment per visit, while it affords more conbut the present coalition government is controlled by the army and navy. siderate care for the patient, has the disadvantage of being very costly. the social castes which are hostile to all democratic ideas. The Liberal Another solution is the employment of salaried physicians. It will require party accepts the modern thesis that International law rests on the consent earnest study to evolve an organization which will do no injury to the of those interested, and not simply on the will of the mightiest. This rule profession and will improve the medical service available to the American was embodied in the declaration of London, and at the ousel of the war wage-eamer.-Editorial. President Wilson suggested that all should accept .this treaty at least for WORLD'S WORK the duration of the war. The British cabinet however decided that there Chemistry and Preparedness.-ln some of our chemical ind~tries the was to be no sea law, and the "scrap of paper" on which Britain promised United States has only been able to deliver five per cent of its war orders; fair play at sea, has been torn up. The doctrine that might makes right, if we were at war ourselves we would be helpless. Even if we had the which they pronounce immoral when their enemies apply it on land, someplants, one single act of an untrained employee might stop work for months how becomes justifiable for them at sea. The confiscation of bunker coal, and cause terrific disasters. • The Germans, by developing t~eir coal tar the closing of the Suez canal, the blockading of neutral coasts, and interproducts established plants which could manufacture explosives io lime· ference with neutral mail, are all damaging to the interests of neutral of war. Nitric acid is of fundamental importance in war time and we gel nations. and profitable to British commerce. Great as are some of our it from Chile. It is equally important as a fertilizer in time of peace and new fortunes," they are not to be compared with those that are piling up we can produce it by water power by the 'arc' or the cyanide proceia. in the belligerent countries. The Censor does not allow the people of What we need moo) is a trained army, trained to ideals of service worthy England to know these things. They think that the Germans are pre· of this Republic. We have spoken enough of rights, let us speak of duties. venting us from sending relief to Poland, everyone else felt that this obLet each man and woman give at least one year's work to our Republic, struction came primarily from London. They say "Oh, the neutrals, they and so earn the right to vote. They could develop great public works U.d have no reason to complain, they are getting rich." But the greatest great national resources and would be trained for efficient oervice jn time prizes are going to the shipping .companies, the coal owners, the bankers of war.-L. H. Baekeland. and the food speculators of Britain. It has been easier for us to remain neutral than it would have been if the English had kept their heads level POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY and refrained from "hitting below the belt."- Artbur . Bullard. . Haraeuinc the Sun.-Mr. Shuman has erected a sun-power plant near THE NATION Cairo, ·which raises water quickly tc;> the boiling point. As water is heated the molecules vibrate faster and move in longer paths. The pressure of The End of the War and After.-The divisiorr of Europe into two sets steam is due to millions on milions of infinitesimal molecules. At what uf economically hostile nations will be opposed by the English instinct te,.;perature the molecules will Ry off depends on the pressure to which for fair play, humanity and uprightness, which has already found striking expression in the words of the President of the British Trades Union Con- · the liquid is subjected. Mr. Shuman bas designed an engine for he express purpose of utilizing steam at a low preosure as produced by the solar waos, who spurns for the workinsmen of Britain the attitude of those, method. --Waldemar Kaempffert. who "..,nie frorn sordid motiveo , ot!.en from ~ clwire for reven.ge," look 00 00 \ \ ,I �Tbe The Western Comrade E..t.en•d as .__t-dau matter Ncwt:nl>er 4th. 1916. at pool -.:., at llauo. Califomia. uudor Act of ch }, 1879. ~ PUBLISHED EACH fllOIITH AT LI.AJW, CAUFOIOOA SUscripfin Price YJiy Cab a y.,. CuadWo Rate 75c a Tear Mllllaging E'Gtor. JOB HARRIMAN FRANK E. WOLFE Editor. Conbibana, Eddon ROBfRT K. WilLIAMS A. CONSTANCE AUSTIN MILDRFD G. BUXTON DR. JOHN DEQUER QJNTON BANCROFT . WESLEY ZORNES ERNEST 5. WOOSTFR . . . . Busin~ Manager In making change of address always give your formet" one io that the mailing departm~t may ~".. certain the right name ia bein'g -~anged. _ VOL. IV NOVEMBER, 1916 No. 7 =====--=o.=...- -·-LLANO IS MONEY ORDER POST OFFICE Many of our aubacriben complain llaat Poalmaalen tell th"em that Llano ia not a money order otlice. Thia ia aot trae. Uaao baa been a money order otlice for moatha. laaiat on haria1 money orders iuaed to Llano, California. The Food We Eat Continued from page zo by the tissues direct. Later in this series we will revert to this again, under the head of "food chemistry." There are two great classes of food tl'lat the student of life must carefully consider. They are the proticels (nitrogenous foods) and the carbo-hydrates. Nitrogen is a very active element. Dynamite is an instance in point. When we want to train men for great strength and endurance, such as the prize ring, we put them on a nitrogenous diet; in training athletes, starch, sugar. fats and liquids are avoided, while rare meat, eggs, stale bread and oatmeal gruel are freely given. Nitrogenous fooo gives strength; non-nitrogenous food gives weight and heat. Therefore, in selecting a scientific diet, the bodily activity of the person should be taken into consideration. Fat, oils, sugars and starches are heat and weight producers. They may be given freely to lean people in low temperatures. To those who are inclined to be stout, lean meats, cheese, eggs, milk, stale bread, together with appropriate exercise, should be pre~cribed. But- whatever happens-do not become a diet crank, and worry your brain as to what to eat, and when. Guard yourself against over-indulgence at all times, and the result will be that, with an appropriate amount of exercise and cleanliness, you will be able to digest almost any kind of wholesome food. Nature is, after all, the wise physician, and when she warns us through pain that a substance "is harmful, · it is wisdom on our part to heed. This department of the WESTERN COMRADE is at all times ready to answer any question with regard to health and the care of the body. confidentially to those who enclose a ~tamp for reply. -o-- Most of the sickly sentimentali~ about Americanism and ~tars and stripes is only the direct and ever apparent excuse for the protection of men and interests and measures that stand again t everything that flag s.tands for. -Dr. Preston Bradley. estera C ara e Vitriol and Violets What Readers S.y About at The The Western Comrade Read in To the Western Comrade and its Readers: In yow issue of October, 1916, you have an editorial b Comrade Harriman on sUiplu production and the present world war. The said article is so dose to the ubstance of a statement I made in August, 1914, just after the war broke out, that I desire to repeat it to the readers of the COMRADE. coupled with a furt:hei statement I am now making in my present campaign. I then stated, ..If the war could only last 90 d ys that thereafter it co'uld not be checked or stopped until it had exhausted the governments involved and levelled all of the thrones of Europe and cancelled all their public debts, and possibly all their private debtS." Then after our money lords loaned the $500,000,000 to the allies I revised the statement, adding, "And when the crash comes it will take down to ruin with it the whole financial system of the United States.:· In that contingency America will be placed in the position that Comrade Harriman pictures the people ·of Europe would have been placed in "had they marched against their own governments in their palmy days of power, with all their resources conserved." And his forecast "death or galling slav• ery" will face us for solution with the · possibility of a bloody holocaust as the central attraction of .a theatrical staged on the Western continent. As soon as the election is over every citizen that desires to avoid that possibility must become a member of a closer and more compact political organization than this country has ever known heretofore. If not or• ganized in peace we will spill blood in strife. The reaction hinted at by both of the capitalist political parties recognize this very possibility and capitalism is preparing to rule "or ruin even though death and devastation spread their pall of darkness over the land. Will we, the advocates of peace, get organized to meet this contingency? W. Penn Collins, Boulder, Colo. What Our Mail Brings Comrades:- . Sometime ago I received a copy of the WESTERN COM· RADE, and after reading, I feel very much interested in the Llano Colony. While I am not at present in a position to take an active part with you, I would like to keep in touch with what you are doing, and know no better way to do so than to take the COMRADE, and the LLANO COLONIST. Will therefore enclose seventy-five cents, for a year's subscription. R. P -- . Chico, Cal. Yours very truly, Mr. Robt. K. WiJiiams, Llano, Cal. Dear Comrade:While I was in Llano about two months ago in company with my brotlier and nephew, you asked me to write you per• sonally regarding my impression of the Colony on my return. I have had an opportunity to hear the other aide of the question, but this has only strengthened my faith in the colony plan as the entering wedge which will eventually split aaunder the capitalist system. Of course, this might have been different had I not visited �1hr Wt· .. tr r n fn m1nrlr Llano, and there seen what_ a_comparatively small number of determined comrades have already accomplished. Fraternally, W. F. K--, Nevada. ~ Walter Huggins, 4106 Gladys Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, who visited the Colony several months ago, finds that interest is keen in the Middle West. He receives many letters and is directing a niimber of interested persons toward Llano. Comrade Huggins is as enthusiastic as ever and is advertising the Colony extensively among those interested in co-operation. ~ Mrs P - - and I spent several days in the Llano del Rio Colony and found it to be far better than it was represented to us, though our daughter had visited Llano and had painted its picture in pretty strong colors to us. The spirit is magnificent. Though the work day is supposed to be but eight hours, we found many of the men putting in many additional hours, though they received no credit and expected none. When a crew was desired to pick apples on a neighboring ranch on Sunday in order to save a portion of the crop, plenty of men responded; many more would have liked to have gone, but had the excellent excuse of having other necessary work to do. The work being done is inspiring, and co-operation as practised in Llano is the soundest business principle that I know anything about. I believe that the development will go ahead with far greater speed than if individuals were to attempt it. In fact, this is amply proven by the settlers who take up land and fail miserably. So strong is the example of success set by the Llano Colony that many of the unsuccessful neighbor-s are anxious to turn in their holdings and take stock in the Llano del Rio Colony. Both of us are del~ghted with the progress made and the sound management of the Colony. It is a revelation and the days we spent there went all too rapidly. We saw all we could see in the time and were thoroughly satisfied, but we could have spent many more days and still not have seen all of the interesting things there were to see.-Mr. and Mrs. C. P. (Mr. and Mrs. P- - were so well pleased that they have taken out memberships, and expect to return in a month or $iX weeks and become permanent residents.) STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP. MANAGEMENT. ETC. OF THE WESTERN COMRADE. OCT. 1st. 1916 Published monthly at Llano, California. Managing Editor: job Harriman, Llano, Cal. Publisher; job Harriman. Llano, · Cal. Editor : Frank E. Wolfe, Llan,o, Cal. Business Manager ; Ernest S. Wooster. Llano. Cal. Owner; job Harriman, Llano. Cal. Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders holding one per cent or more of total amounts of bonds. mortgages, or other securities; None. (Signed) jOB HARRIMAN. Sworn to and subscribed before me this third day of November, 1916. F. H. CHAMBERLAIN. Notary Public in and for the County of Los Angeles, State of California. (My commission expires May 19. 1920.) CLASSIFIED ADS Space in this column: Twenty 6ve cents a line, payable in advance. TI\NNER WANTED.- TANNER WHO HAS HAD EXPERIENCE AND can give suitable references as to ability. Communicate with the Llano del Rio Colony, Llano, Cal. FOR SALE.-BREEDING RABBITS. BELGII\NS. NEW ZEALANDS. AND Flemish Giants. We can supply all aae• up to eight months. For further information addren Rabbit Department, Llano del Rio Colony, Uano. Cal. Comrade and Coloni~ Clubs LLANO COLONIST................................................SOc WESTERN COMRADE...........................,............ :.SOc BOTH FOR..................................................7Sc t]l COMRADE or COLONIST with your choice of The National Rip Saw or the American Socialiat, 7Sc t]l Pearson's Magazine with the COMRADE OR COLONIST, $1.7S; All Three for $2.00. t]l LLANO COLONIST or WESTERN COMRADE for One Year, with One Year's Subscription to the-Regular Our . Pnce Price Appeal to Reason $1.50 $1.25 Milwaukee Leader 4.50....4.25 Manes 2.00 1.75 To Days 1.00 .75 Inter. Soc. Review 1.50 1.25 Regular Our Price Price N.Y. Call (daily) 3.50 3.25 N. Y. Call (Sun.) 2.50 2.2S Call,daily and Sunday with Comrade and Colonial ........................ 6.00 5.25 tjj Add 25c to any of the above clubs for BOTH the COMRADE AND the COLONIST. tjj Add 35c to any combination less than $1.00, or 25c to any of $1 or over, and receive a SOc StatueHe of HENRY DUBB with his "Llano Smile." tjj Add 50c for Socialist Campaign Book. NOTE: These rate• subject to change at any time without notice. Christmas Combination WESTERN COMRADE ................SOc LLANO COLONIST ......................SOc STATUETTE OF HENRY DUBB SOc TOTAL VALUE..........................$l.SO ALL FOR $1.00 HENRY DUBB is the creation of the Llano Art Studio. It is cast in plaster and ia the typical figure popularized by Ryan Walker, the Socialist cartoonist. Mrs. Mary Fox, the sculptress at Llano, has conceived the idea of showing Henry with his usual doleful expreuion and also with the LLANO SMILE. The back of the head of Henry Dubb has been made into a face. The •latuctte stands about four inches high and is useful as match holder or tooth pick holder, or ash tray for a smoking set. THE WESTERN COMRADE, LLANO, CAL. '' �~stern The Page thirty Book Reviews f. The Color of Life.-Emanuel Julius. Concise, dramatic flashlight photographs, the record of a very wide experience joined to the ability to see or imagine the possibility of tragedy in the meanest and most forlorn lives. As an antidote for smugness and satisfaction-withthings-as-they-are, this book is most highly to be commended. He brings a keen wit and delicate irony to bear on many strongly contrasted situations; the public executioner who cannot bear to step on an ant; the genius slowly nagged to death by an unsympathetic 'helpmeet;.' the sociological grafter who knew how to play on the prejudices of a conservative community; and the reformer, reformed by prosperity into a defender of vested interests, whether or no. "The Journey" is worth the price of the book. "The Eternal Triangle'.' and " The Lonely Girl" a re exquisitely delicate examples of insight into the psychology of imagination. "Tragedy" and "A Patron of Art" and- oh! many of the stories make you want to start right out and straighten things up. By all means be a committee of one. Get a copy of the book and send one to a friend. Our National Kitchen.-Anna Agnes Maley. A very clear and simple presentation of the fact that a woman's sphere is the home, and that the home is the place where she a nd her husband and children live. It is largely true that they only cal and sleep inside the four walls which they call the Home, a nd that their life goes on in the larger environment outside of those walls. Why the housekeeping in that environment is so poor, and what can be done about it, are explained with much wit and lucidity in this little volume. However well informed you may be on these subjects you will enjoy reading this presentation of the case for its humor, intensity and fairness . The American Labor Year Book, 1916. A very valuable book to distribute among such of your fr iends as may be capable of thinking. It is difficult to open it anywhere without coming upon an array of facts of startling and engrossiflg interest. It would seem impossible for anyone to look through it without having their eyes opened to the real status of the civiliz:>.tion of which we boast. It is also invaluable as a book of reference, as it gives both a history of important labor and socialist movements, a mass of tabular data and excellent articles describing the plans a nd ideals of various progressive movements. The articles on education and community centers a re particularly valuable. as indicating the lines on which individuals can "start something," in almost any environment. The Human Scrap Heap.-Anthony M. Turano. Mr. Turano's brilliant and dramatic little pamphlet gives a very concise statement of the great world problem "the shifting sands beneath the State." A standing army of unemployed that never goes below four millions and rises to ten millions in hard times, and two million children working when they ought to be growing a nd learning constitute the human scrap heap. Mr. Turano shows that unemployment is not the result of choice or laziness as any advertisement of "hands wanted" is sure to bring hundreds of applications. He proves from go ernment reports that the statistics of crime rise and fall as opportunities for work are plentiful or deficient, and that the average wage of the worker is $268 less than the lowest estimate of the living Wilie. Comrad e ) Increased RatePearson's $1.50 a year The rate went up on November I st, but we are able to make this special combination rate : Pearson's, regular ,......$1.50 Western Comrade OR Llano ColonisL. ............. .50 Both for $ 1.75 Pearson's, The Western Comrade AND The Llano Colonist; All Three...... $2 •00 PEARSON'S -The Magazine that prints facts which no magazine depending on advertising could "afford" to print. -The Magazine that prints in each issue th e truth about something of vital interest to you. - The Magazine which is supported by its reader~ a nd not by its advertisers. -The Magazine which handles public questions fearlessly- And yet which prints delightful and enterta ining fiction for the entire family. WESTERN COMRADE. LLANO CAL. Subscription Post Cards For the WESTERN COMRADE and the LLANO COLONIST. t]J Cards of two styles. Those selling a t 50c each are for either the WESTERN COMRADE or the LLANO COLONIST. t]J Those selling at 75c each are special Combination ca rds for both publications. t]J SPECIAL RATES: Six SOc Cards for $2.50 ; Six 75c Carda for $3.75; Three SOc Cards and Three 75c Cards for $3.25. tlJ This offer is good only fo r a limited time. WESTERN COMRADE. LLANO. CAL. Do You Like To Draw? CARTOONISTS eam big money. Our modern up·lo-dale home oludy melhod can leach you lhis well paying p rofession al a low cosl. Send 4c for illuslraled bookie! and sample lesson plale. LOS ANGELES SCHOOL OF CARTOONING 41 5c Thorpe Building, Los Angeles. Cal. Telephone Home A-4533 HARRIMAN & Attorneys at law 921 Hi&&W Buildina LEVIN �( 1 lfJ .. "THE COLOR OF LIFE" Installment Members: l The New Book- just Out By EMANUEL JULIUS Propaganda in stories from real life; they teach while they entertain. The price of "The Color of Life" is Fifty cents. With the WESTERN COMRADE. OR the LLANO COLONIST. $1.00 ALL THREE FOR $1.25. The LLANO DEL RIO COLONY is in the mal for figs, prunes, peaches, raisins, etc. You can assist in puttiug us in touch with tr who have them. «] The LLANO DEL RIO COLONY is at prt in need of 10 Tons of Alfalfa Seed A Carload of Wheat Dairy Cows and Range Stock Angora and Milk Goats Sewing Machines suitable for Factory Work Tanning Ontfit (jj We are now in a position to make immediate use of many articles and machines which have not been practicable for us heretofore. t]J You are invited to correspond in regard to the needs listed above. LLANO DEL RIO COLONY, LLANO CAL. "THE PEST" "ADOLESCENCE" and "SLUMMING" By EMANUEL JULIUS Three Clever Plays Something to smile at when you read. or to roar at when you see them played-yet they'll give you something to ponder over, too. Eugene V. Debs says of Emanuel Julius: He has a most interesting style and all of his matter has life in it and pith, and appeals strongly to the reader. You'll make it a great deal stronger than that wh~n you've read "THE PEST:· one of the most lucid, straight-from-the shoulder thmgs eve r put into print. The others are just as good a nd they all come in the same lillie booklet. Socialist Christmas Present (jj Send your Friends the WESTERN COMRADE and the LLANO COLONIST. (jj The WESTERN COMRADE is 50c a Year, 25c for Six Months. (jj The LLANO COLONIST is 50c a Year, 25c for Six Months, IOc for Two Months. fJl BOTH of them for One Year for 75c to one name and address. (jj Make your checks or money orders payable to Llano del Rio Pub. Dept., and address Llano, Cal. PRICE TEN CENTS THE WESTERN COMRADE, LLANO, CAL. Photo Post-cards of Llano The Industries, Views, Scenery, Activities, taken from actual photographs. 5 cents each; 55 cents a dozen SOUVENIR CLUB, LLANO, CAL. New Rugs from Old Carpets (jj Don't throw your old carpets away-they are still good. Have new rugs made from them, beautiful and durable rugs. Old Chenille Curtains and table covers can also be used in Llano Rewoven Rugs Would You Like to Reduce Weight? (jj Old Ingrain, Brussels, Moquette and Velvet rugs or carpets can be re-woven into rugs suitable for any home. _ (jj Rag Carpets, Rugs, and Art Squares also woven, every size and style.. Ask about beautiful LLANO POSJ~RUGS . (jj Write for descriptive pamphlet and prices. Send For This Successful Treatment "Obesity---Its Cause and Correction" (jj One user of this treatment reduced from 150 pounds to 117 pounds and found improved health. Many others have used it with satisfactory results. NO MEDICINES OR DRUGS USED Complete $5.00 Course Now Only $3.00 because there is no rent to pay at Llano. For full information write to Mrs. C. M. Williams, Llano, Califom~a. l>lain 619 Home A 2003 A . J. STEVENS DENTIST 306 South Broadway, Los Angdes, Cal. Room Sl4 We pay fr.tght one way on orders amountlnll" to $0.00. Ship Direct to the Rug Department LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY, PALMDALE, CAL. ) (jj GET A LLANO RUG FREE. These beautiful Rugs are 27x54 inches and come in red, blue, green, and other trimmings. Artistic, durable, and suitable for any home, they are very desirable premiums. tj The Circulation Department will give one FREE for 25 Subs. to the WESTERN COMRADE at 50c 25 Subs. to the LLANO COLONIST at 50c 20 Comrade and Colonist Combinations at 75c Circulation Department, Llano, Cal. .. �/ ,. :~,· 2 ·o0 0 A Llano del Rio M~mbership is.. to be Given Away to the Person who Sends ' in the Greatest Number of Subscriptions THE WESTERN COMRADE or THE ;;.;~,;:._;~~~,.~~-::--:"'..., ~·-=~=: -· ANO COLONIST between ! January 1 l July 1, 1917. It Will Be Absolutely 11 8 FiR-IErE = Other Valuable Premiums Every Contestant Who Sends In TEN •Subscriptions Receives a Premium FIRST PRIZE $1,000 Membership in the Llano del Rio Colony SECOND PRIZE $500 worth of Llano del Rio Stock THIRD PRIZE t]l Send in your name al once. The Contest will be held if a sufficient number sign up to justify it. Those who wish, may begin sending in subscriptions AT ONCE a nd they will be credited in the Contest. Subscription cards will be credited at the time they are purchased. t]! All who do not win major premiums will be _ given valuable considerations that will ma ke their time well spent. Even though you may not send in enough to win any of the prizes, your efforts will be rewarded. $200 worth of Llano del Rio Stock FOURTH PRIZE $100 worth of Llano del Rio Stock NExT FOUR PRIZES $50 worth of Llano del Rio Stock Totalling $2,000 In All. tJ Those not winning major premiums, yet who send in more than TEN subscriptions will be awarded valuable prizes. These will range from statuettes of Henry Dubb to more valuable ones, depeiiding on the number of subscriptions turned in. t]l Here is the opportunity to win a membership in the greatest co-operative enterprise in the world. It is worth more than an automobile. It is worth more than a · house a nd lot. It is worth more than a trip around the world. It is worth more than a n insura nce policy. tJ Don't wait! Sign up a t once ! Get full particulars on the Grand Membership Circulation Contest. Only those who mdicate that they wish to enter the contest will have their subscriptions counted for prizes. Contest Depends on Having 100 Entrants by _January 1. Send Your Name at Once ......................... ,............................ (Cut Out and Mail to Us At Once) ..................................................... . WESTERN COMRADE AND LLANO COLONIST: I enroll as a contestant in your GRAND MEMBERSHIP CIRCULATION CONTEST which is to be held provided 99 others enter. Please send me full information. Name.................................................... .............................. .. . City ................................................ . State................................................ Street or R. F. D.............. .................................................. . or P . 0. Box ........................................................... . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1916-11 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-11 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v04n07_191611 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-31 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v04n07 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/1d93c0e2ee9b4fb93e53122615d6272e.pdf 093b986f3315896b63d7d7b18b212512 PDF Text Text This Issue Contains: Editorials on Live Subjects . The Story of Boyland . Building a Socialist City Woman After the War The Llano I Saw The Soul of Sing Lee (Fiction ) . Following the Water By Job Harriman By Prince Hopkins By A. Constance Austin By Agnes H. Downing By Walter Huggins By Helen F ranees Easley By Robert K. Williams · Illustrations and· articles showing the progress and development of the Llano del Rio Co-operative Community. - I October 19161 �~ · ' 1 The Gateway To Freed·o m Through Co-operative Action T HE Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony is situated in the beautiful Antelope Valley in Los Angeles County, California. The Colony lies close to the Sierra Madre range where an abundance of clear, sparkling water from mountain springs is sufficient" to irrigate thousands of fertile acres. The climate is mild and delightful. the soil is fertile , and markets a:re not far distant. The Llano del Rio Colony ts a horticultural, agricultural. and stock-raising enterprise, with such manufacturing as will supply the needs of the colonists, with perhaps something to sell when the Colony has grown sufficiently. Nearly 800 already live in Llano·, and thou·· sands plan to come." Excellent schools, among them the Montessori taking charge of children 2Yz years to 6 years of age, a delightful social life, and freedom from economic worries, make the Colony attractive. T LLANO OFFERS YOU ESCAPE FROM liE elec tric light bill, the water bill. the doc tor's bill. the dru g bill. the telephone bill. the gas bill, the coal bill, the dentist's l·ill. t~c school book supplies bill. the sewer assessment bill, and car fare, the annoyance of the back door peddler and beggar (Henry Dubbs who think the tro uble is individual h a rd luck) . the hundred and one greater and smaller burdeus on the house holder, and the lean weeks caused by disemployment ar)d the con sequent fear of the future. There i' no landlord and no rent is charRed. While they are charged with living expenses, for food and cloth ing, the colonists never · fea r meeting the grocery hHI. the milk, the clothing bill, the laundry bill, the bu tcher's bill. and other inevitable and multitudinous bills that burden the struggling workers in the outside world. For the tax bill he h as no fear. The colony officials attend to the details of a ll overhead. To colonists the amusements, sports, pastimes, d~nccs, entertainments and a ll cdu · cationa1 fa cilities arc free. T COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT HE LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a remarkable form of management tha t is the result of evolution. The management of the affairs of the colony industries are in the h ands of the various department manage rs. There a re about twen ty-five of these departments and in each department there are divisions. Over some of these divisions arc foremen . All these arc selected for their experience a11d fitness for the position. At the managers meetings as many persons as can crowd in the room are a lways present. These meetings are held every night a nd they are unique in that no motions are ever made, · no resolutions adopled and no minutes are kept. The last action on any matter supercedes all former action and this stands until the plans are changed. The plan is working most admirably and smoo thly. At these nightly meetings the work for the next day is planned. teams are a llo tted. workers a re shifted to the point where the needs are grNiest. and machinery is put on designated work, transportation is ar· ranged, wants are made known and filled as near as practiable. The board of directors, memLr.rs of which are elected by the stockholders, meets once a week and has charge of the financial and business management of the enterprise. These directors are on the same basis as all their comrades in the colony. At the general assembly all persons over eigh teen years of age, residing in the colony, have a voice and vote. .i M CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS ANY persons who want to know how the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community are conducted think. in order to get this information, they must secure a copy of a constitution and by-laws. There is no constitution. The Llano Community contents itself with a "declaration of principles'' which is printed below. The management of the Colony rest with the board of managers, a member of which is the superintendent and his lwo assistants. These managers are _selected for their fitness and ability. The business and financial affairs of,:.,the enterprise a re conducted by the board of directors who a(e elec-~by/J the stockholders. The corporation by-laws are the ster~ppi'::fi[J' poration by-laws of almost every • ta te. The only innoval'itin is rn the restricting of anyone from voting more than 2000 sh ares of stock. regardless of how many sha res are held. As this is to be the ultimate holding of every member, this is considered a strong protective clause. The incorporation charter is also the usual type and gives the corpora tion the right to transact almost all manner of business. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, safe, and well con•trued. There is no disposition on the part of sta te officials to interfere. I DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES N conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found tha t the fewer inAexible rules and regula tions the greater the h armony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a set of laws the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration follows: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Co"!munity shall be paramount over those of any individual. Liberty of ac tion is only permissible when it does no t restrict the libe rty of a nother. Law is a restriction of liber ty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community a t large. Values created by the Community shall be vested rn the Com· muni ty alone. The individua l is not justly entitled to more land tha n is sufficient to satisfy a reasonable desire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be held by private ownership. Talent. and intelligence are gifts which should rightly be used in the service of others. The development of these by educa1ion is the gift of the Community to the individual. and the exercise of ~ rea le r ability entitles none to the false rewards of greater possessions, but only to the joy of greater service to others. Only by identifying his interests and pleasures w ith those of others can man 'find real happiness. The duty of the individual to the Community is to develop ability to the greatest degree possible by availing himself of all educa tional facilities and to devote the whole extent of that abili ty to the service of all. The duty of the Community to the individual is to administer justice, to eliminate greed anrl selfishness, lo educate all a nd to aid any tn time of age or .misfortune. W IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED HEN a member of the colony dies his shares a nd credits like any o ther property, go to his heirs. Only Caucasians are admitted. We have had applications from Negroes, Hindus, Mongolians and Malays. The rejection of these applicatiOns arc not due to race prejudice but because it is not deemed expedient to mix races in these communities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. All household goods and other shipments should be consigned to the name of the owner, Palmdale, California, care Llano Colony. Goods will be stored in the colony's warehouse until ordered moved to Llano. All shipments should be prepaid. otherwise they cannot be moved and storage or d emurrage may be charged. Freight transportation between the colony and . r �the sta tion is by means of auto trucks. Passengers are carried in the colony's auto stages. lrt shipping household goods, ' it \viii be well to ship only lighter goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and heavy articles should not be shipped from points where freight · ra tes are high. Individuals may own their own automobiles and many colonists do own them. All ·livestock, poult ry, e tc., a re kept in the depart · menls devoted to those industries. The aim is to keeo the r,•sidence portion of the colony clean and sanitary. ' SOUND .FINANCING NECESSARY P ERSONS cannot be admilled to residence a t the colony upon the payment of $10.00 o r any o ther sum less tha n the initial payment fee. Hundreds write and. suggest they be allowed to pay a small amoun t. or in some cases, no thing a t all. ' then enter the colony and work out the remainder of their shares. If the colony permilled this there would soon be a hundred tho~ ­ sand applica tions. The money derived from these initial payments is used to pay for land, improvements machinery and to carry on the ente rprise until it is on 4 a paying basis. It takes considerable time to bring a large agricultural undertaking to a productive point. . The colony must proceed along sound financial lines in order to ·continue its present success. This fac t must be obvious to all. 1he management of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unmindful of the fac t that there is a numberless army that canno t take advan tage of this plan of co-operation. Many lellers come in tha t breathe !>i ller and deep disappoi)ltmenl. No one could regre t this more th;m we do. It is our hope that the day will come "' h('n success ful co-opC'r<tli-. c g roups c:m . sn y _ to !heir stripped, rob- bed and exploited brothers : "You who come With willing hands and understan~ing of comradeship and co-operation are welcome." The installment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a mont~ is proving .satisfactory. On this plan the absent comrade is providin_g for the• future while his brothers and sisters on the land are bearing the, brunt of the pioneering, Families entering the colony begin iO draw from the commissary. Some of the food, all the clothing, much of the material they draw, costs money. The. initial membership fee goes to offset the sup;>orl of families until the colony shall be on a paying basis. • Write today for an application blank, fill it out and send together with a remittance of $10 or more to secure your membership. You ca,n then arrange to pay $10 a month or more until you can so · adjus t your affairs that you can fl)ake final paymen t and. join your comrade• who have ·a lready borne the first b runi of pioneering. TI1e Directors .o f the company are: job Harriman, president; Frank E, \Volfe, vice-presid~)ll and assistant secretary: G. P . McCorkle, treasurer; F. P . McMahon, vice-president; W. A. Engle, secretary; D. J. Wilson, vice-president ; .J. E. 13tum ; A. F. Snell, a nd Emma J. \Volfe. LLANO INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS ALREADY ESTABUSHED New Ones are Constantly Being Added P rin I shop Shoe shop Laund ry c.~~ "ry t I· !i .I I I I I Cleaning an\:1 Dyeing Garage Wareh ouse Machine shop Barber shop Dairy goals Baths . Swimming pool Blachmith shop .Rug works P la ning mill Paint shop Lime kiln Saw milf Dairy Cabinet shop Nursery Alfalfa Orch ards Poultry yards Rabbitry Gardens Hog raising Brick ya rd Lumbering Magazine Newspaper Bakery Fish ha tchery Studios Hotel Drafting room Post office Cr mmissary Camping grounds Industrial school Grammar school Montessori school Commercial classes Lib ra ry Women's Exchange Souvenir club Two weekly dances Brass band Mandolin club Orchestras {two) Quartets Socialist local Baseball Lectures by visitors Views of Lbno's Cannery. Cabine t Shop. Planing Mill and P rint Shop PLAN OF ORGANIZATION Following is the plan wbich has proven successful: each shareholder agrees to buy 2,000 shares of capital :.lock. Each pays in cash or installments, ~ 1,000. Each pays in labor, $1,000. Each receives a daily wage of $-+. from which is deducted one dol lar for the stock he is working out. From the remainder comes his living expenses. Wha tever margin he may ha ve: above deduction for stock a nd living expenses is credited to his individual account. payable out of the surplus profits of the enterpri se. If a n installment member falls ill, is disabled or disemployed, the Colony gives him every opportunity to re cover a nd resume payments. · In no case will he be crowdeel. If he finds it impossible to resume payments, we will, upon req uest, issue stock for the full amount he has paid. This is tran sferable and may be sold to his bes t ad van tage. In this we will undertake to assist wherever practicable. Corporations are not allowed by law to dea l in thetr own stock. The Weekly Newspaper, 1 HE LLANO COLONIST, gives the news of the .world, of the Socialist movement a nd of the Labor movement in condensed form . It carries the colony news, etc. The subscription rate is 50c a year. Both the Western Comrade and the Llano · C olonist to one name for 75c. ADDRESS ALL COMMUN ICI\TIONS AND MAKE ALL PAYMENTS TO THE Uano del Rio Company, Llano, California ---~--------=c=:; -- --- ---- ------------- �Information About The Uano del Rio Co-operative Colony T HIS is the greatest Community Enterprise ever launched in America. The colony was founded by job Harriman and is situated in the beautiful Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, California a few hours' ride from Los Angeles. The community is solving the problem of disemployment and business failure, and offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their families. Here is an example of co-operation"in action. Llano del Rio Colony is an enterprise unique in the history of community groups. It was established in an attempt to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employment for the workers; assure safety and comfort for the future a nd for old age; to gua ra ntee educaiion for the children in the best school under personal supervision and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. l I I About 800 persons a re residents of the new city of Llano, making it the la rgest town in the Antelope Valley. More than 200 pupils will attend the opening of the schools this year. Plans are under consideration for housing pupils in an economical and very healthful manner. The Montesorri school, the la rgest in California, will be continued as the first step in the school system . Pupils will be taken through the intermediate work and given High School training. During the summer a Vacation School has been conducted in which botany, domestic sciences, agriculture, biology, la nguages, practical farmin g and other subjects have peen taught in a very successful manner. Several industries a re being opera ted by the school, such as caring for the chickens, milking goats and gardening. To please the children the school has been named the Sierra Madre colony. The boys build houses, farm and ta ke care of their own live stock. The girls learn sewing and cooking. 'The children feed and partly cloth themselves. Rabbits, chickens, turkeys, horses, goats, and many pets are owned by the children . They learn co-operation and develop a sense of responsibility, besides having a good time a nd acquiring an education . They have 65 acres of garden now and next year they expect to have more than 100 acres. Their poultry department will increase the present one thousand or more to 25,000 chickens. The colony owns a fine herd of 105 jersey and Holstein cattle, besides about 80 head of young stock ranging from calves to heifers a year and a half of age. The 75 work horses, large tractor, Caterpillar engine, three trucks, and numerous automobiles do the heavy work and the hauling. Thoroughbred Berkshires, Duroc-Jerseys, a nd Poland Chinas are in the hog pens. Experiments will demonstrate which are the best suited to Llano. Stock will be kept pure and high prices will be commanded. 200 head are now on hand. About In the rabbitry are about 3000 Belgian and New Zealand Red rabbits. The number will be ultimately multiplied by about ten when quarters are constructed to accommodate the increase. The nursery shows thousands of grape cuttings in the ground, and thousands of shade and fruit trees, as well as berries. Honey is a part of each day's food supply. Bee colonies number 668 and are in charge of expert bee men. Several thousand stands will be the number in a few years. They are increasing rapidly. Among the industries are the la undry, printing plant, cannery, hotel. planing mill, saw mill, machine shop, rug weaving plant, fish hatchery, brick yard, lime kiln, and many others. An ice plant, tannery and shoe factory are expected to be among colon:v industries soon. By acquiring the timber on a portion of the San · Gabriel Forest reserve from the United States government, the securing of lumber for building is made easy. One million feet will be cut at once, without injuring the forest. Farming on a large scale by use of modern machinery wi th experienced farmers in charge of the different activities saves labor a nd expense and gains quick and satisfactory results. More garden will be planted each year, and each year's success will become more pronounced as the adaptabil ity of different species and the resources of the soil a re better understood. Community gardening is highly satisfactory. Social life is delightful. The Llano baseball team has been victorious throughout the valley. Dancing, swimming, picnicking, camping, hunting, fishing, are popular. Llano boasts of a brass band and several orchestras. Literary entertainments are an established feature. • The several hundred acres now in alfalfa are to be increased by at least 300 acres more this fall ; the land is now being prepared. This year seven cuttiniS are confidently expected. Two orchards are producing. About 400 acres in all are now planted to trees. All are doing extremely well and are healthy and growing. More than 26,000 two-year old peach, pear and apple trees were planted last spring. Six hundred and forty acres have been set aside for the new city to be built. The brick yard and the lime kiln a re both running. When it is considered time to go ahead, the construction of the new city will be commenced. It will be different from any other in the world a nd will be unique, comfortable, sanitary, handsome, home-like, modern, and harmonious with their surroundings. �r Table of Contents October, Nineteen sixteen ~i Rp Cover Page Scientific Management of Soils........................_.. 19 The Big sign on the Mountain Near Llano, ·and the Socialist Candidates, Benson and Kirkpatrick. The Gateway to Freedom.................................. 2 By Wesley . Zornes. Woman After the War.. .................................... 20 By Agnes H. Downing. A Synopsis of the Booklet of the same name Jnformation About Llano ................................ ' 4 Sta tistical and o ther Information Editorials . 7 .... 10 By Rober K. Willia111s. The Story of Boyland .... By Gray C. Harrima n. What Thinkers Think.. ........................... :.. :....... 22 Substance of leadin g articles in leading mngazines. By Job Harriman. Following the Water. ..... Facts vs. Fancies............................................. 21 Thou Shalt Not KilL ...... ............................. 23 By Florence M. Reynold>- ... 12 By Prince Hopkins. The Water We Drink.. .................................... 24 By Dr. John Dequer. Hand Made Rugs ..... ....... 14 The Llano I Saw........ Fly Frank L. Wright. ............................. 25 By Walter Huggins. The Soul of Sing Lee ...... ......................... 15 New View of Lla~o....... .. ................................ 28 By Helen F ranees Easley . Building a Socialist City....... . ...... 17 By A. Constance Austin. By Frank E. Wolfe. What Our Mail Brings... ................................ 30 Irrigation Systems............................ :... ... . ...... 18 By Wesley ZonJt•s. The Cooks' Corner.. ...... ... . ................ 30 Our Next Issue The Next Number of The We~em Comrade will be the "Lumber Number" Telling, with Pictures, about Llano's New Fifty Thousand Dollar Industry. Send in Your Bundle Orders for this Issue at Once. �You'll . be interested • ·Ill--- Cannery Busiest of Air Mandolin Club Turns Vegetable Wagon Industries in Llano Hotel into Cabaret for the Commissary · Deli1·ery o f vegetables direct from the garde ns to the homes a t leas t three time s n week is pl a nned by the commissary depa rtme nt , a nd if possibl e musicia ns in th e Ma ndolin a nd Guitar wi!l be put into operat io n thi s wee k. Eve ry a va il a ble wom a n a nd child in Glub trea ted the d iners a t the Ho tel to Lla no has been ca lled on to work in a_ very pleasan t surp ri se S unday eYethe Ca nn ery durin g the past wee k a nd Apples, Tomatoes, Peaches and Beans Pleasant Sur.prise Enjoyed by Diners Demand Attention; Tons of Apples When Musicians Rehearse Received to be Placed in Storage; Without entirely inte ndin g it, the Many Canned. SEVEN CROPS ALFALFA TO BE CUT THIS YEAR Boys Build Wireless to Send Student Messages MONSTER APPLES ASTONISH VISITORS; WEIGH 11/ 2 POUNDS D. L. Davis. Fred Scott. Cha rl es Th ree a pples we ighin g a ltoge ther Ferre l, and Alle n Batchelo r ha ve rigWith six c rops of a lfalfa already four pounds a nd a ha lf. an d measged u:> a wire less o ut fit an ::l are studyc ut , C. S. Mill a rr is con fiden t tha t the uring mo re than 14 inc hes across in g the code with the inte ntion of makse vent h can be cu red this yea r, ma kin g BOYS PICK BEANS AND PROVE WILLING WORKERS LLANO PICKERS WORKING ON NEARBY RANCH ES NOW EX:>ECT NEW MACHINES IN PLANING MILL Excha ngin g iabor for fr ui t with the With twelve boys to help him , Wes- nearby ranches has take n q uite a c rew Se1 ;~ ra l new machines a re expected ley Zo rn es p roved that the picking o f of me n from the col o ny. T hose who for use in the Ll a no Pra nin g Mil l. veget a bles is no proble m a t a ll in wen t to the Va lye rm o ra nc h are: L. L. a nd nego ti a tions are now under way ------ --------------------~ Llano Is the Only Co-operative City In the World The Llano Colonist ---------------------------------------------··- - ·- ·- -- -PUBLI SHED .'\T _LLANO. CAI.IFORNIA. SATl)RDAY. SEPTHIBEH 30. 19 16. .-----~----Read it every week·- COLON IST b ri ngs you all of the deta ilerl ne"·s of the Ll ano T HEde lLLAI\'0 Llano Souvenir Club Rio Co lony fresh each week. It te ll s yo u o f the th in gs yo u are Makes Christmas Plans interes ted in. It re la tes the act ivi ties. the establishmen t a nd d evelop ment Insta llment members all over the United States are interested in the upbuildin g of the Colony. It has bee n LLANO'S WOMEN'S EXCHANGE I want to tell the readers o f the LLANO COLON IST a bout the Women's Exchange , one of the ne\vest New Waterproofing for Llano Houses j ohn Benjamin, of Los An gel es. who expec ts some cla y to become a resident of Ll a no, was a visitor on e d ay last week. As a pa inter and interio: of in d ustries . It kee ps you in to uc h with the g reatest co-ope ra ti ve dem' o nstra tion in the wo rld . ~ EVEi'< DOUBTERS W iLL READ of co-opera tio n 111 act ion. a p ract ical applica tio n of the prin ci pl es we teach. You ca n get your un con vin cecl fri e nds to readin g Soc ia lism hy re;;din g the LL/\NO COLON IST a nd thr WESTERN COMRI\ DE. ·T hey won't listen to abstract <•rgumen t b ui they will read about how we arr wo rkin!! ou t our thPories. You ca n h'!lp to brin g Socia lism by ge tti ng subsc ri ptions for the LL/\NO CO LO NIST. Get up clubs of tria l !wo mo nth s' subscriptions a t leu ce nts eac h . THE LLANO COLONIST IS ONLY 50(~ A !---------------------- - -- --------·-· YEAR �Political Action The Western Comrade Devoted VOL. IV to the Cause LLANO. CALIFORNIA, of RBITRATION. What a sweet sounding word! How remarkable it is that the capitalist who has "nothing to arbitrate" is dem,_nding a law to compel arbitration! This is no paradox. It is a li ve wire with a direct current. Do you doubt it? Touch it. Your flesh will be seared, and your very marrow stunned with the shock. Would they compel themselves to arbitrate? The workers want to arbitrate but do not want a law. The capitalists want a law but do not want to arbitrate. Does this illuminat~ the subject? Back of every law stands the military power ready to enforce it. Do you see the light? Who manipulates the army in every strike? Who would manipu late it in every arbitration? Now do you see the cat? -oUITABLE rewards for deser~in g Democrats." "What a political crime," says Hughes. That has been the consistent, conscientious policy of ihe • Republican party ever since the war, in nation and state. The Democrats have followed the same course with equal conscience and consistency durin g every inning. Wha t else can any paTty do? With what success could party policies be enforced if their enemies were appoin ted to fill important posts? Not only would the party voters be disgusted, but the entire admi nistration would be a rope of sand. . No! No! Mr. Hughes ! You are up to your chin in the mire of campaign bunkum . Blow agam, there was a false note in your bugle . -oLA. IDER i a dreadf~l serpent. It must strike instant de :~ th to the character of its victim, or it will turn and sink its c!eadly fangs in the heart that gave it birth. -oput peace above duty, honor, righteousness, shows not only a craven , but an evil spirit." These are the sentiments of Roosev~lt on preparedness. Peace. duty. honor, righteousness, are one and inseparable. He who ,. ould epa rate them to the end that millions may be slaughtered in w~r. not only has a craven and evil spirit, but he is diabolical in every impulse. "S S "To Workers OCTOBER. 1916 Editorials A the No.6 By Job Harriman • F OR many decades. previous to the E•.uopean war, it was thought that the social revolution wou ld begin and end in a titanic struggl~ between the capitalist go~ernments on the one hand and the working class on the other. It was believed that the gov~rnment by the classes would be overthrown by the revolt of the masses. It was argued that the surplus products taken by the capitalist from the workers would eventually become an unbearable burden, and thus force the revolution. How fortunate it was that this theory was wrong. Had the struggle began between the thoroughly prepared governments on the one hand and the absolutely unprepared hordes on the other, there would have been a merciless slaughter of untold millions, and the siege gun, the zeppelin and the shrapnel would have rivetted the chains of slavery upon the remainin g cowed and submissive multitudes. . -o- I N our propaganda we overlooked one fundamental fact. It seems to have escaped the attention of all writers. That fact is, that .the surplus product always develops in unmarketable quantities before wages are reduced or the factorier. are shut down and the workers discharged. The crisis in the market conditions always have, and by the very nature of things always must, precede the crisis in the labor .conditions. Improved machinery turned out so many more products than have been consumed that the storehouses of the m"nufacturing world were glutted. Markets for · these products were imperative. This filet forced each ·of the powers into .a colonization policy until all peacable countries were either conquered or peacably colonized. Then the contest carne on beh\;'een the powers for the world's markets, i11chiding the colonies. Here i-t must be remembered that the forces contrplliny lhe government are the merchant and industrial princes. Being involved in the commercial and industrial stru~le, and holding the reins of government in their hands, they b-gan to combine and direct their power against their most ~ngerous foe. . For many years England has been mistress of the seai 'nd the queen of the world's commerce. But it certainly wil' not be qu~stioned that during the la~t fifteen or twenty years ".ermany has made enormous inroads on th~ commercial t~rr•ory �EDITORIALS of the various powers. Every year witnessed new gains by Germany and corresponding losses by other countries. It was out of this fact that the world war sprang, and it is over this fact that the world powers will struggle until their commissaries are exhausted. The rise in p rices indicate the scarcity of food, even now. in the world market. When the food supply is exhausted , and the armies are hungry. and the governments are impoverished, then the day . of retribution will be at hand. The teeming millions, armies and all, will turn to the governments for food. When the answer comes that there is no fo?d, the darkest hour o f the world will be on. Crowns will melt, thrones will topple and governments will go down before the rage of the n~mberl ess hordes. Suffering? Yes. such as was never kn;wn before, but not such as would have been if these millions had marched against the government in their palmy days of power, with all their resources conserved. Then death or galling slavery would have been their sole reward. Now hunger awaits ·them for a time, but only for a time. Never again will they return to the condition from which this nightmare sprang. The war stands behind them as an impassable barrier, a night too dark to enter. a tomb too terrible to be remembered. They will move like an irresistible avalanche over the governments that now are. the merchant and industrial princes will be no more, the industries now organized by the governments will stand after the storm is over, like great mountains that have risen out of the turbulent social deep. Now the governments are organizing the industries for war purposes. Then they themselves wi ll be the government for purposes of peace. This war is the birth pains of new institutions, the firstborn will be the national industries; the second will be an industrial democracy. The third will be peace a nd good wi ll toward men. --o- How difficult it is to adjust ourselves to the wa nts a nd needs of others. At times it becomes impossible for us to understand even our dearest friends, much less those who are strangers. Our pathways and experiences in life have been so different that their earnest demands ofttimes seem whimsical, childish and unreasonable. We forget that our wants seem equally ridiculous to them. We can never really understand each other. Our home life a nd childhood training, our social customs, our education, our comforts and habits of food a nd dress, our privileges of travel and standard of social intercourse are all so different that the mind has no premise from which to reason and reach an understanding of those having widely diverging experiences. it is here that the intellect fails as ·a healing balm to socjal differences. Far more than the intellect is required for such adjustments. This is a fittld for the heart and the affections. lf our sympathies are deep and our affections genuine, we will j The We st•• n Comrade easily pass by and overlook what seems to us to· be the eccentricities of our friends. They are not eccentricities at all. They are characteristics resulting from inheritance and long·· years of experience. They are . ~rmly fixed a nd intricately interwoven into their very beings. Cenerally speaking, they are stalwart qualities, if only we could understand them. But with such, the intellect is helpless. It has no kindred experience by which to !>e guided. In such matters it can only in a way contemplate the past and see what it cannot understand. The affectionate heart does not need expeneuce. It only loves. It alone can overlook, excuse, forgive, and say, "Yes, he is a little singular sometimes, but he is a splendid fell ow." And he is a good fellow. Every pne is a good fellow to whomsoever is affection.a te. It is the intellect, while striving to analyze a nd to under la nd, that too often separates, and keeps us apart. It is the heart that binds us together and enables us to adjust ourselves each to the other. It can forgive what the intellect cannot understand. - oE KNOW of no more touching experience 111 life than the fact that the widow and children of our "-deceased Comrade Ecklund will be provided by Llano with the comforts of life. His death does not leave them to shift for themselves in a heartless wo.rld. They are among · friends. They are o f us. The vine and fig tree of Llano are ours and theirs. We are fed and nourished by them. Nor is this mother and her little ones supported by paltry charity. The children will be placed in the schools and while they are playing in the garden or among the poul try and a"nimals they will produce their own food and at the same time gain a n education and a degree of culture that could not be acquired in the world beyond our borders. What a solace to a broken heart, to know that the ties of friendship are real and lasting. And what a · comfort to live free from want and in the heart of a community where social conditions are ideal, and where the children are free from the . snares a nd pitfalls o ( an inconsiderate world. Insurance? Wha t an insurance it is to live in such a haven of rest and security, where the approha~on of our fellows, the dearest o f all prizes, is (<laid for the tenderest heart, the clearest mind and the kindliest disposition. -o-the ~da.m son law, by ~hich the railroad strike ~a~ averted, conshtutJOna l? What IS the d1fference whether 1t IS or not? It will be declared constitutional if Wilson is elected. It will be declared unconstitutional if Hughes is elected. In either case the United States military force will be back of the respective decisions. Wilson will enforce the decision he favors. Hugh~s will enforce the decision he favors. The courts will render the decision desired by the victor. When is a law constitutional anyhow? Is it when the law is right? w Is �The Western Comrade EDITORIAlS Is Wilson right when he is in office, and wrong when he is out of office? Is Hughes wrong when he is out of office, and right when he is in office? . What a remarkable standard of right hy which to ·measure a constitution. Is every bill of rights dependent on the ' 'bi_g stick"? Do not be too sure. May be that might is right even under a Christian administration. Wilson! Is he not a devout Presbyterian? Hughes! Is he not a devout Baptist? If elected, which cheek will the victor turn to the "big stick... Peace be still. It jar; the altar. . --<l- O URING the last century the industrial and commercial world has produced a new philosophy of life. Strange to say. it has produced only one world-wide philosophy. The first to sound the key-note was Marx. It was in his mind that the crucial thought of the labor world was crystalliLed. He was the prophet of the working class. He saw that labor power was the source from which all valuable things flow . He told the world that the conservation and equal distribution of this power would solve the social problems. Everywhere. the economic forces have constituted a constant urge toward the development of this philosophy. The world over. the working people have acq uired , in some form, this general concept. The same thought, less pronounced, and only vaguely and indefiFlitely worked out, developed just prior to the Christian era. In those days industrial machinery had not been developed. Commercial enterprises were accordingly sluggish, and the Roman government found it possible to dominate with its military force, not only its own people, but also the neighborin~ nations. Under this iron hed the workers became dishea rtened; to them the Roman arms were irresistible and they accordingly accepted the doctrine of tu~ning the other cheek when the one was smitten . Christ was the prophet of this philosophy. It was better to turn the other chP-ek than to die under the iron heel. Better to live a slave than not to live at all.. Under the rule of the Russian Cossack the same condition obtained, and ·the same philosophy was springing up. The philosophy of non-resistance had already been born before the European war broke out. T olstoi was its prophet. This philosophy would have spread all over the world and would have become the soul of a new religion had the world commercial crisis not resulted in a war between the powers, especially if the iron heel of the world had been resolved into one tyrannical military force . But this war will destroy the powers as they now are. The governments will destroy each other, and open up the way for the working class to establish a new industrial and commercial system in which the interests of humanity will be conserved. Already the workers of the world are meeting in, and taking possession of the peace palace at The Hague. The Congress of the World will yet gather there. . The federation of the nations will be developed there, and the new order vviH weave itself about the philosophy of Marx and the movement that followed his thought. E VERY child is born with some particular aptitude or · tendency. · This tendency is a secret locked up in the child's being. It has not yet resolved itself into definite intellectual processes It may slumber there, forever undiscovered. If so, the child's genius will never blossom . His future greai ness depends upon the discovery of this very secret. Unless it is discovered, and the child is permitted to function i.1 .keeping with this impulse . his intellectuai and h~a rt powers will lie in an apparent stupor and his days will be numbered among the sluggards. How shall this secret of nature be unlocked? Shall the parents carve out a future for their <:;hild? Can they determine that he shall be a farmer. lawyer, or professor . while he is yet in his swaddling clothes? How foolish is such a course! How many men have been forced into the pulpit who should have been permitted to follo'A' the plow? Who can tell in what pathway ones feet should tread? Least of all should the parents try to choose the course in life for the child. They consult only their own desires, while he has already been created. Any effort to recast him is futile, and at best will produce an intellectual strait-jacket which will paralyze his powers a nd preserve his deformities. If the parents are unable to map out a course for the child, by whom shall it be don e? Shall the child be cross-questioned as to his aptitudes? Shall he , in his playful childhood years. proclaim to the world that he has made up his mind to become · a jurist or a mechanic? How impossible is the thought! Who then shall choose? Let us first learn that this is not a question for the mind or heart of man to determine. We are not here choo&ing a pro.fession or a vocation. Tha t is not the problem that besets us. The problem is - how shall we discover ~n aptitude? There is but one way, and that is ~ give the child a ·wide range of opportunity to do different things: while close obser•.. J vations are made of his work. What does he do well , and what best? What does he enjoy most? These are the ever pressing questions. Be sure that he will do the work best that he enjoys most. Let him alone. He need not be compelled to follow the occupation he most enjoys. His happiness will be his urge. In such work his mind wi ll grow because it is happy. His perceptions and insight will develop beca use his attention is riveted by the very plea~ sure it a ffords. You have discovered his aptitude. From it will spring his g~ni u s. a nd by it .his whole being will be made into a fountain of energy . This is the tide in his affairs that will lead ~ on to fortune. �Pace Tlae t• Following the Wate·r RETTY nearly everyone who comes to Llano to. visit us 3.nd look around has a different idea of how things should be and how things could be if such ·and such : a policy were adopted. It is interesting and refreshing to listen, and talk over the plans for the future and make comparisons with accomplishments of the past. . The people who come here are thinking and observmg people. Such a proposition as this does not attract the selfish or se lf-centered. This is evidenced by the critical and helpful suggestions. It is astonishing, in a way, to learn that there.are so many angles to a seem ingly simple thing. As a matter of fact, every mind has a different way of seeing and working ·out problems. What is interestin g to one fails to elicit a remark from another. This sim ple fact will make Llano great and one of the most interesting places on earth. We must not for ge t that Llano is a different world from any ot her now existing. We are equal economically, we have eq ual opportunities. The grasping of opportunities is wholly up to the individual. Initiative is a primary desideratum . There is no such thing as mental equality. Some seem to forget this. If we don't mix up our mental states with our economics we can ge t a pretty fair slant on all the problems conf renting the ardent group at Llano. The object of those here, apparently, seems the same as in any other colony enterprise , but closer observation shows that altruism is the de min at ing keynote, generally. In the meantime the objective mind i~o,. working on alfalfa possibilities and the probabilities of a continuous and ample water flow. "After all," it was recently said, "to make Llano successful. so that she will set an example that can be safely followed, it must needs be premised upon something more than mere words." Truly . It seems to me that two years of operation has demonstrated that something more than a dictionary was used here. Water is always and everywhere a necessity. Especiaily is this true of our western country. There is eve ry reason for a disquisition on water appertaining to our lands. Many have recently arrived from arid parts of the western states and made close inquiry and observed well the fountain of our water wealth. Water is to them a prime consideration. So, not to be selfish about the matter, let us go into the water development and possibilities and see it as these, our visitors, have seen it. Llano springs are the origin of the Big Rock. The springs are located ten and a half miles from the present site of Llano. A space af many acres is tree covered and from under the roots of these springs bubble up and form from their separate origins two swiftly flqwing streams . More than five hundred miner's inches is always available here. The stream continues down the canyon with here and there a contributing stream . By the time the stream reaches Point Comfort, a distance of two and a half miles from the springs, more than a thousand inches flows over the pebbly bottom. The stream is augmented by fissure water that flows from the Sierra Madre side. A great subterranean stream underlies these mountains, and it is thought probable that by tunneling a tremendous volume of water could be developed. There has been a popular delusion for a long time that the Big Rock creek is fed by eternal snow on the sides of Mount San Antonio and North Baldy. Thrs is not correct ; the waters P 8y Robert Western Co•rade K. W i IIi a m 1 are of subterranean origin, but of course increased when the snow begins· to melt on the higher reaches of the mountains. Snow has been vanished for several months on the B~ldy mountains. . This year the snow did not stay as long as in 5ome previous years. Big Rock creek is lower now than it has been for several years past, and yet more than a thousand inches have been going in at the upper and lower intakes most of the time. But to go back to Point Comfort a moment. Devil's Punch Bowl is but a short wa lk from Point Comfort, up a royal gorge that would do justice to Switzerland or any part of sce nic America . In the winter great masses of water come tumbling down from the precipitous heights. Water could be developed at this point by tunneling. When the creek reaches the Shoemaker ranch, a splendid old ranch. a sp ring further increases the flow, and when the dam site is reached. two miles below, Valyermo ranch contributes more pellucid water. Below the dam site the Pallett creek gurgles down the four mile canyon from the higher levels of the Sierra Madres, a ud swells the Big Rock. Where the Pallett joins the Big Rock creek the stream bed is about twenty rods wide. It is at this point the tunnel, with its portal three-quarters of a mile farther down stream, crosses the creek. This tunnel was du g twenty odd years ago by the early settlers to develop the underground water, or possibly to carry off the spill waters from the contemplated dam. The gravel is very deep and an immense amount of water is stored in its loose formation. This fact has been demonstrated many times by holes sunk in the creek bed at a considerable distance from the channel. When the level of flowing water is reached, a fine cold supply of water is to be had. There have been pla usible schemes suggested relative to the increasing and conserving the underground waters around this point. A few rods higher up is the dam site that we have talked so much about and shown to so many people. Brush dams . . mud dam s, concrete dam s, stone dams and submerged dams have been suggested. A submerged dam at the dam site wou ld bring the basin water to the surface where it could be diverted to the side of the northern hill and carried on a contour to the air shaft going down to the old tunnel, where it could be dropped and for three thousand feet would run underground. Probably five thousand inches of water could be developed without much trouble, and made to flow in this way . . This pla n was recently suggested and is quite seriously , co nsidered at the present time. The tunnel at its upper end is filled in with debris to some extent, but could be cleared out and timbered up; this will probably be done when we get our lumber from the hills, and without further work of development more water would flow through . The stream that now comes from the tunnel seldom varies. It is estimated at betwee n eighty and one hundred inches and flows continuously from its mouth. Just below the mouth of the tunnel we are now digging a sump. Few people know what a sump is. It is a hole in the gravel down to bed rock. One lady said it looked just like a well her father du g back home . When bed rock is reached it is calculated that several hundred inches of water will be developed and thrown into the ditches. Even now, while down but twenty feet, about sixtysix inches are being forced up by a pump and delivered to the stream. It is a curious fact that the water pumped from below the surface does not diminish the stream above, though �The We s- t e r D C o m r a d .e the sump is not more than twenty-five feet from the channel. The work of digging is slow because a heavy volume of water keeps coming in and the pump has to be kept going continuously to work at all in the watery depths. One of the great advantages of Llano lands is the closeness to water. In the central part of this state is a water project, the largest in the world, which carries water through open dlrr ditches for thirty miles before delivering it to the land. Imagine the tremendous amount of seepage! Long distance from water is a general thing in irrigated countries. This is not true of Llano; Llano lands adjoin the water, and after it reaches the land seepage is prevented by a series of ditches lined with sand, lime and cobbles. The main ditch, called the upper or Hubbard ditch, is not yet so built. It is surveyed and a large part of it dug, and wa ter is now running in it, which serves laterals already fixed 1n the manner just stated. This ditch will be capable of carrying at least two thousand inches. Many want it big enough to ca rry the Aood flow of the Big Rock. In all probability this Cobbling On< ot t he Main Ditches, Cementing the R ocks Together with the ExcdlerH Lime Burnc::i in th cLI•n u Lime Kiln Shown in the Insert, !\1orc than a Mile or· Ditc h H3s Already B.:en ConstrucreJ. Page deven ditch will carry sufficient water to irri_g ate all of the Celony's most distant acreage. The . laterals from the main ditch north to the Tighlman ditch have been completed. There was some doubt about the ability of these ditches to carry water. It was a pleasant surprise to see two or three hundred inches flowing through tbe new ditch , and not a sign of the sand-lime giving way. In fact the -mixture hardened, and to-day, after constant use, is harder than when put in. The strength and durability of Llano lime has been amply demonstrated. The main ditch will be continued across the new townsite to the saw mill, and thence north to the dairy, the rabbitry. the new alfalfa on the Dawson eighty, and the present town . At the present time there are about thirteen miles of ditches on . the ranch . If everything goes well. and the same rate of progress in maintained, at least six or seven miles of sand-lime ditches, perfectly secure and tight, will be made by spring. We are clearing land all th~ time and opening up new tracts. These must have water. and the ditch building crew will have a steady job for several months. Nothing has been said about the Mescal or jackson lake (now railed Pin -~ Lake) region. Here is another c rea l water supply. Pine Lake is high in the mountains. a nd a co nti nuous supply of water is found there. Mescal creek has a good flow, and from these sources could be developed sufficient water to irrigate many thousa nds of fertile acres. �IDUCAnON The Sto.ry- of Boyland w, - :-;1HEN I went to College. I was much interested in deJ signing engines of war. One day, when I was wondering whether such a thing were possible as a complefely ___ impregnable fortress-. it struck me that the mechanical difficulties of assuring such impregnability were much less than the human ones. I began to wonder what could assure a garrison that all its members would be loyal. After that I began to lose interest in mechanics and to read sociology. Naturally, the most appealing question was the generously big one "What is the ideal of Social Organization?" But the more I read, the less convinced I was .that this question could be solved by academic discussion, becatise we are still so ignorant as to what are the moral possibili~ies and limitations of human nature itself. In some experiments in e?.rlier years, I had tried to isolate the elements of human nature, to discover how far it can be moulded by suggestion or other forces. Now, in Boyland, we are trying to solve the two problems of social organization and individual inspiration. simultaneously. Probably at the beginning, my chief interest in Boyland was in its possibilities as an experiment in community life. But it usually happens that one's interest narrows as he get; more deeply into a problem, and so I find that I shall not be very dissatisfied if I never get any further than to have worked out a method for developing individuals: nay, further. I!lY interest is centering more and more upon a single phase of that development, namely. the production of an intelligently moral character. So, in this essay. I shall pass over rather rapidly the distinctive features of our government and even of our pedagogy to get to the more technical, though to you perhaps less interesting, features which I am attempting to formulate into something approaching a science. One of the most important things in a boys' school is always precaution taken for the health of the youngster. In considering what arrangements have been made for this at Boyland. I will begin by talking about our living quarters. The younger boys all live down at the main building where they keep under our direct supervision. Their rooms, measuring 8 x 12 feet, are practically open at two ends-at least, they have a special arrangement of windows that fold together, and open outward so that it may be said that all of our boys sleep practically in the open air. The older boys, if they prefer, and most of them do, sleep in the small cottages that we have built on the hillside, one boy occupying a cottage : or two, sometimes three rooming together. Boys only room together where they show no tendency to blame upon one another any untidiness that may be discovered in the cottages, and when in other ways they are fitted to get on well together. These cottages are slightly larger than the rooms which I have described. All of them have a little clothes-press and a private shower-bath. The side of them, fronting towa rd the main building, is entirely open save a low railing a nd a curtain which is let down in rainy weather, and the two remaining sides have sliding windows which we urge them at all times to keep open. Thus the cottages are perhaps even more into the air than the r~oms in the main building. In fact, our boys are indoors scarcely any of the time.. set them an example of doing all their work outdof) rs by having my own desk moved out on to my sleeping porch even during cold weather. Boys take their booko and the;r typewriters out on the veranda and do all their •vork the re, unless wind-storms, dust, or driving rain make this utterly :wpracti- V Tlae Wes .tern Co•rado By Prince Hopkins cable. I am convinced that this constant living in the open air will be a good thing for them, judging by results which I witnessed when inspecting schools for anaemic children in the environs of Chicago, New York, and elsewhere, In these schoots, the anaemic children, living as they desire entirely in the open . air, seem able in about three or four hours work daily, to keep abreast of their companions in the regular classes who are giving an hour or two more to their ·daily schedule. The report somehow seems to have gone abroad that some special system of diet, vegetarianism or some other, had been adopted in our school. It is true that in the fi rst few months of school, we did have a vegetarian regime and I must say the results of it were entirely satisfactory. The boys were gaining in weight and in general conditions. However, I have decided that it is best, when one has a partic~lar idea that one is trying to work up, not to confuse the issue by introducing a .number of irrelevant experiments, a nd therefore vegetarianism and all other special dieta ry systems have been taboo since the time mentioned. At present our only aim is to give an allaround well balanced dietary according to the prescirption of the conservative, rather than the "new-fangled" doctors. We have meat three times a week, avoid fried, and other indigestible compositions. all heavy puddings, and extremely sweet or sour substances; in general we try to serve dishes in a way that appeals to other senses as well as that of taste. We try, in ou r daily program, not to keep the boys confined to any one kind of occupation for too long a time, but to vary sedentary occupation; \\ith p~1rsuits of a motile or exciting nature. To begin with, the usual day, lasting from rising time in the morning to bed-time a t night, is split up into two days of shorter duration- you might say, a morning day and an afternoon day- by the before-lunch siesta. In each of these half-days, work and play is so arranged that the work comes entirely a t the beginning of the day's program with the ha rdest and the mental work first, and the physical work towa rds the end; and then, after the whole work period, comes a period of recreation and romping; thus, in the morning, work is from 7 to 11.30, except a short interval for a light breakfast, and then the boys are free for games and other activities until 12: 30 when the siesta comes. This siesta lasts from one .. half to one hour according to the inclination of the boy or else according to his nen•ous requirements. From two until- say. four in the afternoon, is the second work period, a nd from that time on they are encouraged to play until bed; time. A study period ends in a lesson in dancing, boxing or wrestling, which they can conl i m·~ through their play-time or quit at the end of the first five minutes of that pleasure. As to what they actually do about it, I may say that they are very much creattu cgo.of fashion. For a month or so, they will be all for boxing; at a nother time, wrestling, and if we have some new a nd lively tunes to play upon the phonograph. especially the tunes. that have been written for the fox trot, they find a temptation to dance almost irresistible. Of the two work periods. morning a nd a fternoon, the functions are not the same. even though we go over pretty much the same subject$ of study in the afternoon period as in the mornin g period. The difference consists in this; that during the morning their schedule is more definitely planned a nd formal, whereas in the afternoon, we encourage more freedom of choice ~ega rding the subjects they desire to take �The · Western Comrade EDUCATION up. The afternoon, more especially, is the period when we try to get them to put to practical uses the lessons of the morning. Thus, for example, this afternoon that I am writing these pages, some of the boys have been applying the arithmetic lesson of the morning to measuring the wall area of some little tent-cottages that they are building, in order to know how many yards of canvas they will require to cover the sides. The las.t period in the afternoon generally ends in the application of the geography lesson of the morning to a large map of the wc:ld which they all are digging. The science lessons, lessons in camp cookery. in sloyd etc., largely seem to carry their own appl ication v,;t!1 them, as all the boys are passionately fond of laboratory and shop practice. Our system is to allow them rather more liberty than is c us~om ary in schools. For example, when a class, having commenced. work on a certain subject, beg to go on with that topic. we usually raise no objection to their infringing upon the time of the next class, as we consider that so strong an interest should be taken advantage of, and that the time lost in the other classes eas.ily can be made up in a subsequ·e nt recitation. Often enough, in fact, the recitation which they omit today in this fashion will be the very one that they will get particularly interested in tomorrow. Perhaps the extremest case in which we have applied this principle was one about a month 'ago, when, in a fit of fondness for English composition, they spent practically two days in writing stories and outlining speeches. We believe in the general principle of early rising, yet we don't think it a good thing th at, no matter how tired a youngster is, he shaU be required to tumble out of his warm bed to make an entry upon the cold routine of duty. Therefore, the day's work begins with a study which is so interesting that the boys nearly always are anxious to get up and attend it, which nevertheless is considered as optional with them. This study, too, has an advantage that it does not req uire them to use their eyes upon first arising, always a rather questionable practice. It is the study of science by laboratory methods. Each of the small cottages of which I have spoken previously has its own little work bench with basin, etc., complete, and cupboard underneath to contain all kinds of apparatus, in case the boys, during their length of ti me , desire to perform experiments in physics, chemistry or biology. There is, however, a regular class in these subjects conducted the fi rst period in the morning. One of our teachers, Mr. Corydl, succeeded in ge tting the boys so interested in arithmetic and algebra that when they were beginning the latter subject, they once asked if an entire morning could not be given to that exclusively, In general, however, I think it will be conceded that .mathematics is about the most difficult subject for children and theref-ore we pl ace it eariy upon the day's program when their attention is still unfatigued. During the scientific and all other work where it seems feasible, we attempt to bring in mathematical relationships, and in a word, to pervade our whole curriculum with mathematics. I don't know that there is anything unusual about their composition, grammar and spelling, except that we call the boys' ·attention to the grammatical structure and ask them if they know the spelling of words during ,the reading that we do at table. At all our meals, we attempt to stimulate the boys' conversational powers but as boys' conversation has a tendency a good deal like that of adults' conversation, to switch off as quickly as possible to the more inane topics, we find it a good plan to have wi~h us some book of literary merit which supplies us not only with reading matter but also with live topica for intdlec.tual wr~ P"lle tbir~-.> hi the beginning of a discussion of the discipline and government which we have, I wish to draw your attention to the fact that its form is not one which we superimposed from above upon the boys, yet at the same time, it is not what a boys' government . usually is, simply an imitation of the torms of society that he finds outside of him. Of course, if we left the whole matter simply in the hands of the boys, it would scarcely be worth one's tiine to try. any innovations or idea that they had not imported. We pay as little attention as possible to the outside community. We have to have a great many things in confidence with the boys themselves and have left it to them to try these various scheme~. Severe punishments have very little, if any, desired effect lor the simple reason that the boy generally desires to do what is right only he is so lacking in self 'control as to constantly forget himself. Of course, you cannot hope to form moral habits except through freedom of choice. Consequently, it is advisable that a boy may always have as much libetty as he may use to advantage; at the same time, it is necessary to put lle· strictions upon his liberty whenever he is going to use it for habits that are undesirable. It seems to me thaj: the correct principle in regard to discipline is not the infliction of pain so much as depriving the boy of opportunities of exercise in deleterious ways. Now here is the way that we work this out. Boys are divided into four groups. The first group is composed of boys in whose ambition , influence over the others and general good qualities we have supreme confidence. These boys are then allowed unlimited liberty; even attendance of classes is optional with this first group. No coercion is used upon them whatever, but only discussion and exhortation. If this freedom seems to be too much for a boy, so that we see that he simply idles about and accomplishes nothing, he is voted into the second group. But suppose that a boy is not fit even for this moclerately reg ulated life; he then goes into the third group. Here his Ffc is regulated pretty thoroughly for him. Here he lives down at the main buildin g instead of one of the little individual cottages and is in im minent danger, if he is not mighty scrumptious about his conduct, of being relegated to the fourth or last group. In this four th or last gro up, each boy has his own little ga rden with a little shelter upon it where he keeps his carpentering and garden tools, his work bench, some books and a few other necessaries of life-in short, he is sheltered from everythi ng that can tempt him to utilize his time in an unprofitable way, to destroy anything or to interfere with any of the other boys. Now to retrace -our fa ll from the first to the last group: as the moral weakling who has descended so low begins to improve himself, showing a disposition to assume more responsibilities, he is again put into the third group, or even the second. Only after he has proven pretty thoroughly his reformation of character is he likely to be elected into group one, where he is expected to help in leoking after some of the smaller boys, and from which it isn't customary to degrade him, save after a prolonged impeachment. After a little time spent in greup three, he may be ready for election into group two and with others have oversight of the boys in both groups three and four, and finally, certain exceptional boys rise as high as greup one, if they seem not only to employ themselves in the best possible manner but to be the sort to be of good influence over and a general concern for the welfare of all their Juniors. • (~ODPIIQII1fil) �Page fourt een INDUSTRIAL MECHANICS Hand Made Rugs e ARPETS and rugs have been produced in such confusion of variety by the different nations of the world, under such different conditions and with so _many different materials that the subject is large, Each race of the human family has solved its own problems in regard to Aoor coverings in such a way as to utilize the materia l most easily obtained to its best advantage, and the work, sometimes highly artistic, has in each case possessed its own characteristics, so that the origin of rugs from the differe nt parts of Asia or. Europe can be readily told at a glance by the connoisseur, a nd a close examination of the fabric and patt erns employed will in many cases reveal even the family who were engaged in the manufactute , as well as a close estim ate of the age of the PfOduct. American fabrics ca n also be studied to grea t ad van tage, showing as th ey do the work of the Indians of the southwest as well as tho ~e made by the modern rug weavers. In this art icle we will have little to say about the strictly factory productions but wi ll co nfine ourselves to the hand work of the different peoples under consideration . The use of the materials near e~l a t hand and the em ployment of tools most easily obtained. a nd in some cases very rudely fashioned, makes the study very interesting. In some examples the very best wo rk is produced hy th e cr udest implements. The Navajo and Moqui Indians of Amertca. a nd the Nomadic tribC's of Persia a nd Asia Minor used similar utensil> and until th e advent of modC'rn analine dyes treated the ir wools in almost the same way. Both were nomadic in habits and unlike our New England houswives, !\ Llano had no worn-out clothing to utilize; their materials, mostly from th e sheep's back , had to be washed. carded a nd spun with tools easily made and easily carried from place to place, an d finally w.oven on a loom that could be made from a few poles lashed toge ther in th e most primitive manner. Curiously their work in each case is marked by a delicacy of coloring and a boldness of design very simila r to each other. though both show antipodal characte ristics, as might be expected. The oriental rug is cha rac terized by a close heavy pile of colored wools. knotted to th e warp by the fin ge rs of the a rtisa ns in co nvention alized designs. The old rugs were very art istic in appeara nce, as the wools were dyed with home-made vege tabl e dyes in soft neutral tones, but the modern rugs with their more vivid colorin g from the use of a naline as a dyein g age nt a re not so satis factory. In our ru ~ work a t Ll ano we wi ll not be able for some time to make fabrics of this oriental type, although the knot by which the fillin g is incorporated in the weave is very simple and the process is easily learned. Our lack of a suitable material must necessarily confine our efforts to other lines. However, our southwestern Indians produce a blanket, much u!'>ed as a Aoor covering. th11t for close. durahl e weave 11nd By TJ.e Frank L. Western Comrade Wright artistic design is second only to the product of Asia, and materials of such character as may be obtained in the general markets are utilized in their manufacture. Germantown yarns in natural gray, white and black, as well as some of the more neutral shades, produce beautiful fabrics which have ready sale at remunerative prices. This is hand-weaving of the best type as shuttles can only be employed to a limited extent, and in the zig-zag designs the filling is beaten into the fabric with a "heavy comb instead of the sley of the hand-loom. Such a method must necessar· ily make the work slow and if the fabric is to be worth the labor expended, good materials must be employed as well as desigm of high artistic merit. In the selection of designs the Indian motif may be followed. but every weaver is bound to work in his own ideas, ca using an individuality corresponding to his natural ability. Though the difference between the copy and the pattern be slight, there will still be something in the effect that expresses the personality of the artisan, and when home-made dyes are employed the personal feature is more marked. We recen tly produced a saddle blanket on a Llano loom, in the lightn ing design, in which, though a Navajo pattern furnished the motif, the design produced an errtirely different eff('ct, marking it at once with a personality of its own. Another Navajo fabric that lends itself to our treatment is the woven fur rug or robe used by the medicine men in Indian ceremonies. T arne rabbit fur is cut in strips of the proper width and twisted like Hiawatha's mittens "with the skinside inside and with the Home. fur-side outside." These strips are then woven in the loom in such a manner as to leave both sides of the robe covered with fur, the different colors being so blended as to produce a neutral effect. If the fur is saved at the right time o.f the year and the skins properly treated a strictly sanitary fabric of considera ble value is produced. The fur does not shed and the robe is light and warm. The ma king of such hand-made articles requires a great deal of labor, though methods employed are easily learned. The Navajo saddle blanket mentioned above is about three by six feet, and required four days of eight hours each to produce, so it can be readily seen that only well-to-do people will be attracted by them . The woven fur fabric is even more tedious as the strips are short and require careful handling to produce the right result. In another installment we will explain something of rewove n rugs in which so many different materials may be utilized , even when so badly worn that their period of usefulness seems past. Many of our readers do not realize the waste that is daily going on ; and the really beautiful and useful articles that can be made from old wool carpets, burlap silcb. ilnd many other things ordinarily thrown away. �The Western ~omrad'e FICTION The Soul of Sing Lee · - -- lNG LEE left China for America with the intention of becoming a rich man. He had come to San Francisco when the Chinese were swarming in like rats. _ __ but instead of staying in the Bay city, he had worked his way down into the heart of the San Joaquin valley, where he secured employment in a vineyard. Here he worked for years, but strangely enough the wealth he had so confidently expected to gain, did not come to him. His money, of which there was precious little, went to keep himself. his wife and child. Finally he decided to peddle vegetables. He knew of several of his countrymen who began as hucksters a nd now possessed comfortable fortunes. Why not he? So leaving off his work in the vineyard, he ret;ted an acre of land at the edge of China Town, built a little shed-like dwelling, planted his garden, and shortly began to go from door to door with his "nice flesh vegitable, lady." He sold vegetables and sold vegetables and sold vegetables. and then he died. His dream was still unrealized. But Sing Lee's wife was a devoted little person. Although her lord and master had slaved all his life without being able to accomplish anything of importance, she resolved that his funeral should compare favorably with that of any previously deceased Chinese. No matter if it took every cent of money, or necessitated going into debt. She would hire a city band to make lively American music at the head of the procession, There should be a roast pig on which the soul of Sing Lee should feast. She would hire two mourners to walk behind the hearse anJ howl dismally. She would have a thousand pieces of pierced paper through which the Devil would have to go before he could claim the soul of the deceased, and these she would have cast far and wide, so that her husband would have a fair chance to reach the realm of eternal happiness, At the grave she would have a bed and a new suit of clothing burned, so that as his soul rose from earth it would be accompanied by the smoke of his temporal possessions, and he could appear among the celestial hosts properly housed and clothed. The burning of the clothes was absolutely necessary. No Chinese could ever hope to a ppear in heave n until the smoke of his raiment had accompanied his soul, .and as soon as the smoke began to ascend, if the devil had not already gotten possession, his last chance of ever claiming the soul was gone. All this the wife of Sing Lee knew weii, a nd her plans were most carefully made to avert any disaster. What if all this magnificence should reduce her to penury for years to come 1 That would be nothing, just so Sing Lee should have a funeral that would long be remembered in China Town. and perhaps it would be so gorgeous that there would be a notice of it in the morning paper of the Americans. Then indeed. would the soul of Sing Lee rest in peace. There had been some very heavy rains, and the streets in and about China Town and the road to the Cemetery were wet and slushy, but the day of the funeral proved to be ideal. The sun which had been hidden for the past few days seemed to outdo itself in warmth and brightness. It was a day ·-as beautiful as only a sunshiny winter day in California can be. With the sun beaming upon them, the Tuneral procession of Sing Lee started from his humble dwelling. The band came first , playing popular songs, ridiculously inappropriate to the few American onlookers, for so solemn an occasion, but not so to the Chinese, the livelier the music the better, so they think . After the hand came the heilr~e. ilnd beside the rlriver S Page fifteen By Helen Fr. ances Easley sat a man throwing far and wide the pieces of pierced paper, which were to puzzle and bewilder the wily Devil. Next came the wagon containing the bed, the clothing and the roast pig which were to sustain the wanderer on his journey into the unknown world. Following this were the hired mourners, howling and yelling so enthusiastically that it was evident that they had been well paid. After them came a string of a half dozen or so carriages, containing ..friends of the dead man, and in the very last sat his wife and child. The last vehicle was a large wagon in which rode the Chinese 'band playing the weirdes~ music imaginable. Truly it was a splendid funeral processiOn. All went beautifully until they had nearly reached the burying ground. Part o f the road had been washed away, and on either side was a pond of water. The drivers had great difficulty in crossing safely. The hearse had just passed the dangerous bit of road, when the wheel of the following wagon, the one containing the offerings to be burned, slipped, and before the driver could right it, over went the wagon and its contents into the water. Plague upon plagues ! Why did this particular wagon have to be the one to tip over? It would have been better if it had been the hearse. A soaking would not have hurt Sing Lee. He did not have to be burned! But wet pig would not be palatable, and wet wood and wet clothing would not burn, and could not be burned until they were sufficiently dried. And the Devil! Sing Lee's wife did not say this by way of expressing her frantic state of mind, instead she thought of it in awe and terror. The Devil was dodging in and out of the holes in the pierced paper, coming nearer every moment. Oh! would that some chance breeze would carry some of the pieces far from the route taken by the procession, so that his Satanic Majesty would be compelled to hunt for hours before he could find the missing papers. Thus prayed the widow as she sat shivering with fright in the last carriage. After the pigs and other possessions had been rescued from what might have been their watery grave, the procession wended its way to the cemetery. The ceremony was exceedingly short, for with nothing to burn, nor no food to offer the departing spirit, there was nothing to do but to put the coffin in the grave, with its odd oven-like covering. · The people disbanded with ominous shakes of their heads. Surely some awful fat e was in store for poor Sing Lee or the wagon would have been allowed to pass over the road safely. Perhaps some of the Devil's :, rvants or the Devil himself had been waiting to push the wagon over. and then had hastened back to find the pieces of pierced paper. But it was all over now, and all that could be done was to make the best of it. The things which should have been burned , were taken back to the home of Sing Lee to be dried before they could be sent where they were so badly needed. Very sorrowfully, the widow hung out the wonderful new suit, which had never beet ..,._,, .t, now mud-stained and wrinkled. The bed did not count so much. that had been gotten more for display, but the clothing was absolutely essential, and the thought of Sing Lee's poor soul shivering and destitute of clothing was heartrending. The sun set before the garments were dry, and the widow gave up all hopes of burning them until next morning. And how was she to know that in the meantime, the Devil had not overtaken the soul of her poor · hu~~;Jnd , or eve n then rli.-l not h<~vc him in torml.'nt. �Page aixtoen FICTION Oh, for some sign! While this tragedy had been happening in China Town, a contented vagrant had been kicked out of one of the empty fruit cars standing on the switch of a nearby railroad.· That is he had been contented. and happy until he had been kicked out, but now he was ruefully contemplating the fact that his journey to Sacramento had been rudely interrupted. · He was not hungry. Orange groves are easy to enter, and.if one has scruples against picking fruit off the trees, there is always plenty lying on the ground, and easier to gather, by the way. So he was not suffering from hunger, the one thing he lacked was money, and of that he ha.d not one cent. So .unless he could escape the watchful eyes of the trainmen~ he had no way of continuing his journey, unless he walked, and he did not relish that. For a long ttme he sal beside the FOad, but 'finally thinking it best to take himslf away for a time, he rose stiffly and adjusting the bundle of rags he had used a a pillow, he started away from the track. It was by the merest chance tha ~ he headed for China Town. He didn't know China Town from Russian Town, a nd so no one could accuse him of purpesely turning his steps in the direction he had taken. The moon was shining and as he passed the few straggling little shacks, he looked to see whether or not anything might T .. e We a t e r a C o a .r a d e was carrying had been meant to adorn a spirit in glory! The first waking thoughts of Siag ·Lee's widow were of the dreadful yesterday, and hastening to the window she looked out to see if the clothing was yet dry. The suit was gone! In vain she looked in every corner 'to see i"f it had been blown down, but there was no trace of it. At last her bewildered eyes saw a heap of ashes. Hastily dressing herself, ·s he went into the yard. It was the sign! She ran her long fingers through the ashes, as a happy smile broke over her face. She quite understood. Sing Lee had become impatient for his clothing and so had come back for it. It did not matter that t.hey were wet and muddy. Sing Lee was now a spirit, and to spirits nothing is imp.ossible, wet clothes would · burn as easily as dry ones, and here were the ashes. · The Devil had not overtaken her husband, instead he had been wonderfully and unusually blessed, and was now abiding in everlasting joy and peace. She rose and went back into the house, all doubt gone from her mind, and a deep content in her heart. The days might be full of toil, but Sing Lee's funeral had lacked nothing and he had been allowed to come back and give her a sign! Several miles away in the next town, in a pawnshop where Ll• no D•iry i, Well St;,cked - Silo in Rack ground Now Bein~ Filled be lying about unused and unwatched. Finally he spied something hanging limply on a line back of a little shack. Foolishness for a nyone to let anything remain out all night t At any rate it should not remain long. He jumped the fence and felt of the garment. Silk! Heavy Silk! .He almost collapsed over the greatness of his discovery. The silk was damp and muddy, but that made no difference. It was valuable, and ceuld soon be dried. It would bring him money at some pawnshop, and then if he should be kicked out of his private car. he could offer real money for a ride in the caboose. With trembling fingers he drew the silk from the line, and rolled it into a compact bundle, and placing it on his shoulder, he started for the fencs. But he could not carry that and his other bundle comfortably, and try as he might he could not arrange them. But the bundle of rags was of no value, and rather than lose the other he would burn it. Again depositing his load on the ground, he lit a match and burned his erstwhile pillow. Instead of destroying it all together, he took one rag at a time, so that the flame would attract no one's attention. This done he climbed the fence and merrily went his way. Once more fortune had favored him. He laughed softly in his glee as he pictured the consternation of some poor Chinam'-n• when he discovered the loss of &Uoh f.tive robes. Little did he think that the bwxUe h~ no questions were asked and no explanations demanded, lay the silken garments, and the money which the keep~r had given for them was safely tied in a corner of a ragged handkerchief of the tramp, as he lay in an empty fruit car, once more upon his journey. And if Sing Lee's .soul ever found it necessary to clothe itself before appe'aring in the society of other souls, he was surely compelled to array himself, as best he copld, in the rags which had once been the pillow of the tramp. Reader. of the WESTERN COMRADE may look forward to other •Iones hy Miss Easley as she has consented to •end stories to u• at frequent in tcrvals.- Editors Note. Dear Comrades : Enclosed please find P. 0. for $2.00. One dollar is for a s!!_bscription for the newspaper published there, the name of which I do not call to mind now. The WESTERN COMRADE is asked for by outside parties before I have hardly time to read it. They would sign for it if they only- well, "dared." The other dollar is to have you hand to the secretary of the Socialist Local with the enclosed book, and stamps for dues till end of year. The balance can be used for postage for r~turn. and "special" stamps. You" fratemall.y. E. K- . W~. Cal. �The Western Comrade ARTS AND MUSIC Building a Socialist City T HE Socialist city should be beautiful , of course; it l should be constructed on a definite plan, each feature haviqg a vital relation to and complementing each other feature, thus illustrating in a concrete way the solidarity of the community; it should emphasize 1he fundamental principle of equal opportunity for all; and il should be the last word in . the application of scientific discovery to the problems of every day life, putting every la bor saving device at the service of every citizen. It should be beautiful. Beautifying is a very complex problem. The untrained mind. is apt to divorce beauty ;~ hsolutely and disastrously .from fitness. The result is horror of confusion. The lady who goes shopping in silks and diamonds, the best parlor that is a junk shop of unrelated reminiscences of travel, the suburban residence ~treet where s~veral Page seventeen By A. Cons. tance· Austin A town in a mountainous wooded country would call for a different style of architecture from a town in Kansas ;. a town in a moist foggy climate like Oregon . would call for something entirely different from the constructio that would be desirable to meet the dry heat anc! cold of Arizona ; a sea-port should have an entirely different architectural character from a university town, and so forth. The type should first be studied from the point of view of fitness. Having escaped d!e Seylla of confusion, w,e must not run into the Charybdis of uniformity. Having selected a general type of architecture suited to the conditions of the locality, the next thing is to study out every possible variation within the type, and to allow individuals all sorts of latitude· in expressing themselves in their homes. The adjective 'deadly' is generally and rightly associated with monotony, and neither Tom of Apples Stored m Llano Cannery for Winter Use.· a Moorish palace elbows a psuedo French castle. which frowns . upon a Swiss chalet, are all cases in point. A thing may indeed be beautiful itself, but if it is not studied to fit its · environment, and is not adapted to the purpose for which it is made, it will give no real pleasure. . So when we say that the Socialist city must be beautiful we wish to draw attention to the. fact that we cannot follow the ordinary individualistic plan of allowing each person to build to suit his own fancy. It is not only that some people have no taste at all- it would be comparatively easy to frame regulations against outrageous eyesores'- nor that a really fi ne building of conflicting design can spoil the effect of a whole harmonious group; but there is the wider application of fitness , that the situation, climatic conditions and even a certain psychic quality. the purpose for which the town exists, ,;hould be taken into considPration in deciding upon its constructive ideal~. word has any place in a Socialist's vocabulary. If a Socialist is anything he is aggressively original, and this gift should be given full play so far as is compatible with the comfort and welfare of his neighbor. New types of architecture should arise under fundamentally new conditions of living, and special blocks or streets set aside for that purpose, providing the discoverer can interest a group of people sufficiently to get them to join him in such an experiment. The new idea should be eag,erly sought for in every branch of the community life. Who knows how many original and helpful inventions have been lost and obliterated under the oppressive and crushing deadweight of capitalistic conditions. The style of architecture which has been selected for Llano has been studied out with due regard to the wonderful setting which this city is .privileged to enjoy. On the south a: rare of mountaim rises abruptly ten thousand feet with a penci 1 & (oenti•ueol •• ,_,. a;) . " �Page eighteeen AGRICULTURE Irrigation Systems ' The Western Comrade By We s I e y z·o r n e s - -- RRIGATION is the application of water to the soil. due to the impenetrable condition of the soil. Again the 1 The results obtained from the application depend remedy is thorough cultivation. Any system of irrigation that will leave the soil in a friable I ' upon where and how it is applied. The sweeping ' _____i assertion of the novice, who contends that it makes no and loose condition and wet it to the proper point to insure practical difference how the water is applied, are not founded a good crop is the one to be sought. A system which leeches the soil of its plant foods and leaves it compact is detrimental on experience or scientific research. There are several methods which have both good and bad to plant growth. In the gravity flood system the water is applied to the surpoints. Two methods in use at Llano are deserving of comment. The gravity flood system and the furrow. In the dis- face of the soil and spread evenly over it by the irrigators. It cussion of any system of irrigation we should take into con- is allowed to run down between the laterals on head ditches sideration the action of the water on the soil and its conse- placed at intervals over the field. This system is · thought by quent effects on the crops grown. some to be the easiest and quickest- method of irrigation. It Water has a solvent effect on the plant food:;; found in the is the oldest method in existence of applying water to the land. soil, which prepares it for assimilatiQJI by th -plant. Water Level land may be irrigated with few laterals, but on land is necessary to the plant in certain quantities; an excess as such as we have in Llano it is better to place them one hundred well as total starvation does permanent injury. and fifty feet apart through the fields. This is necessitated by Large quantities of water carry away the solvent plant food the grade and the character of our soils. The lands between through the soil and so it is lost to the plant. The leeching of the soluble plan~ foods in this manner 1s a common practice in irrigated countries where water is abundant. Some farmers substitute water for the cultivator and attempt ~o make a dry land plant aquatic. The rule should be to irrigate enough to insure good health to the crop and use the cultivator diligently. When too much water is applied to the soil it has a tendency to pack it. The particles cohere and in time this condition renders it impervious to water and it runs off the surface. $200 Worth of Coals Here. Apparant Double Horns On the Big Angora Back At the Left Is Due C o n tinued 1rngation To the Fact That One Bashful Fellow Tried To Hide From the Camera. with the soil in this condition is a waste. Irrigation beyond the point of soil saturation depletes the soil of its plant foods by carry- the laterals should be as level as possible, as it means hard ing them off into the subsoil. work to irrigate rough land with this method. Orchards, Water-logged soils become sour, which is evidenced by a alfalfa and gardens may be irrigated in this way. The disadsuperabundance of acids. This is caused by the fact that the vantage of this system lies in the fact that the land being alkaline bases have been carried away by the water; leaving flooded has a tendency to bake. It carries a great deal of the acids without bases to neutralize their acidity. Such soils are plant food from the soil into the subsoil. Continued irrigation worthless from an agricultural standpoint until the remedy, of this kind will totally deplete the soil of its mineral plant foods. continued cultivation ·and thorough aeration, is applied. A system that has been used in our gardens and orchards, Water fills the pores between the soil particles; as long as water remains in the soil the air is excluded, and as air is the furrow system, is coming into favor and is thought to be necessary to the proper growth of plants, the continued filling a better method of irigating alfalfa in our community because of the soil with water will hinder their growth. of the topography and character of our land. The water is A proper length of time for aeration should elapse before run close to the plants in furrows, thus confining the water in water is applied. When the water is removed a shrinkage channels. The soil between the furrows is wet by sub-irrigaton occurs and the soil bakes. In this condition the air cannot cir- leaving the surface loose and friable and serving as a mulch culate freely through it, and irrigation does very little good, to com;erve the water. Confined in a furrow water will run 1 I �Tlae Western Coarade AGJUCULTURE a greater distance than when spread out over the surface, because of the fact that there is less surface exposed to evaporation and seepage. The laterals or head ditches can be made six hundred feet apart, four hundred is better. It requires one-third the number of laterals that the Rood system does, hut it has the disadvantage of requiring added labor in furrowing the land. As the water is confined in the furrow and " ·ill sub-irrigate the high as well as the low spots, confined '.-ater is easy to handle. Unconfined water turned loose over the fi eld to seek a channel for itself will find the lowest points. The irrigator must furrow the ground in an attempt to keep the water from the low places and divert it to the highest po;nt s. He unconciously uses the furrow system. The differ- ence is that in this case the furrow is made with a shovel, and in the other it is made by means of a plow. The main objection to the furrow system for alfalfa is that it leaves the ground in a rough condition for mowing. Another objection is that the furrow itself is unproductive land. However, experiment stations have demonstrated that alfalfa planted in rows eighteen inches apart yielded a greater tonnage of hay than the broadcast stands. We are trying both these systems of irrigation at Llano, <\Dd the most efficient -will be adopted. (Articles in -this department will be continued, taking up the irrigation of all crops separately. The irrigation of alfalfa ";11 be the subject of an article in the November issue of. the WEST£-RN COMRADE.) Scientific Management of Soils HERE a re three important factors to be considered in the scientific management of soils: amount of availa ble a nd unavailable plant food, physical condition, and mechanical action . Soil · consists of organic and morganic materials more or less decomposed. Soil may be of coarse sand , very fine clay, or gradations between the two, or it may be of vegetable or a nimal product. Or it may have a mixture of all these components to a more or less degree. Soils are also classed as to formation ; as residue , meaning soils formed by chemical action only; and sedentary, meaning those formed by the action of wind. water, etc. What kind of soil have we at Llano , and what does all this mean to the farmer? Llano soils are composed of some coarse, and some very fine decomposed rock, but, due to the lack of rainfall , the amount of decomposed vegetation is small. We have some fields of clay loam , meaning a large percentage of clay. with some silt, sand, and organic matter. What are the good and bad points of such a soil ? The soil pMticles are very fine . hence more surface to a given quantity of land . therefore there is more surface tension and more re tention of plant food and water. The clay contains a large amount of silicon, a base with which acids may unite and be made insoluble. Iron and sulphur give the clay its red and blue colors. As has already been stated, clay soil has very fine particles and these particles when wet run together, thus becoming hard , and impervious to- the passage of air which has the mother part to play in the soil. What are we going to do with this soil? At Llano we plant it to alfalfa which produces six to eight bumper crops per year. The roots of the alfalfa penetrate the soil for many feet, thus loosening it and fill ing it with porous material through which the air may pass. The alfalfa finds all the inorganic matter necessary to the soil for best production. Alfalfa uses the nitrogen , that part of the air which is unavailable to human beings, but as nitrogen is not soluble in water it is not directly available to the plant. There are ma ny compounds of nitrogen , such as nitric acid, ammonia, a nd nitrate of soda . In the soil and on the roots of some plants are found microscopic plants which convert the nitrogen of the soil into nitrates, making it available to the plants. Between the plants of the pea fa mily, peas, beans, vetch ~ clover, alfalfa, etc. , a nd these minute plants we find true co-operation. Sunshine is absolutely necessary to produce the starch in plants; the microscopic plant has no sunshine and hence no way of producing starch; the alfalfa has no nitrogen in available form, and m the illf(llfa tmdes sta rc:h to thr. little plants for nitrates. T Page nineteen By Oliver Zornes_ Systems of irrigating alfalfa are being chan~ed, partly due to these small plants, and partly to the conservation of the soil water - the greatest production with fhe least amount of work. The bacteria of the soil, for their best development, must have a friable, moist soil. By irrigating in corrugations the surface of the soil is left loose, lessening the surface tension and breaking the capillary tubes. It also lets the air into the soii on which the bacteria feed. At Llano the 8ooding system is being abandoned. Where the soil is continually 8ooded the _ ai r is excluded and denitrofying bacteria fight the nitrofying bacteria and render the nitrogen unavailable. What more then are we to do with our clay soils? Plow under a crop of alfalfa, or even the crown, and you are addin~ organic material from which nitrogen is extracted by chemical action, and made available to the plant. The decay of the alfalfa is necessary before the plant can use it, :while the nitrate .produced is ready for use as soon as the w~t~r is applied. Alfalfa land brings quicker results as a ferhhzer than manures. The crop plowed under makes the soil loose and in this way changes the physical condition of the soil and the missing plant food has been added. There are other ways of making a clay soil more friable , such as adding sand or lime. The lime not only acts as a _loosening agent, but also as a plant food and a base for the mte!change of bases and acids. Sand also might be added 1f practical. . . . The effect of lime and humus on sand 1s different from 1ts effect on clay. It fills up the spaces between ·the particles, making the sand more retentive, while it loosens the clay and makes it more easily workable. . In the schools at Llano we are teaching the boys and guls the value of cultivation as a fertilizer, and giving them a knowledge of the chemical changes made by the air in the soil and the physical condition for the penetration of the roots. --()-- The following is the result of an experiment carried on at the Huntley reclamation project experiment farm in Montana, It shows conclusively the value of pasture for dairy cows. Three-quarters of an acre of mixed grasses was used, con~ taining brome grass, orcha~d grass, perrennial rye grass, tall and meadow fescue, Italian rye grass, Kentucky bluegrass, alsike clover and white clover. This plot was pastured 150 days with two grade Jersey cows. During this time the cows produced $52.07 in butter fat. The supplemental feed amoun:ed to $15.92, showing an income of $36.15 from the three-quarter acre pasture, which is at the rate of $4R.20 pt>r ;u~rf' . I· �Page twenty Woman After the War r T~e WOMEN'S DEPARTMENT By Western Ag n e s H. Comrade Do w n i n g CIETY is always changing, but the cntting, driving, · instance, there is a recent constant propaganda for larger sweeping process of change is sharper to-day than families to make up the human waste of the war. Assuredly, ever before. The social and industrial changes made the rulers are preparing the public mind for a stimulated _ __ necessary by half of the nations of the world at war birth rate. This alone may lead the various governments to are hastening great alterations in all departments of life, and retire the women from outside occupations by legal decree if necessary. But such a policy may meet with little response especially in the condition of women. How much of this change will be permanent? How much from the outraged feelings of mothers and fathers who have seen their best mutilated and destroyed by a mad war from is but a makeshift for the emergency? First let us take a glance at what the changes, are. In all which their people have not even profited. This distrust by the the waring countries women are doing a large share of the people with the widening knowledge of birth control may make industrial and administrative work. They are making mul)i- any artificial stimulus to the birth rate difficult. In fact such tions of war; they are preparing the supplies of~the combat- an intimate question as birth of children will scarcely come ants: they are handling machinery as women never did befere, under government advice. Whatever may be attempted the and often at a rate of speed and nicety of adjustment that has question will doubtless remain, as it should remain, a personal not been surpassed even by trained men. They are driving cars and individual problem. F ranee, during the Napoleonic reand cabs; they are farming; they are trading. In many com- gime, sought to quicken the birth rate by making the large munities, especially on the continent, they are administering family the subject of national approval. But France led the the affairs of the municipaI governments. Everywhere they are serving in places which require the highest degree of skill and dipkmacy. This has a two-fold effect. First there is the effect on woman herself, and second is the effect on society. Broadly stated, the most salient effect on woman herself is to give her freedom from worthless conventions. H. G. Wells tells us that in England today women are paying little at-tention to dress. For the most part they go about with the same forgetfulness of style as the average working Any Game Ncar Llano? Several Beys Have Bagged Deer This Year. Rabbits Are Common Everywhere. or business man. The same is doubtless true in other countries. Th1> means a great release of woman's energy, for heretofore, to world in family limitation. just so in our own country. We escape being considered a sloven, she has had to put much time never heard of a birth control society until a certain president on the task of "looking her best." Men expected this "smart- declared against race suicide. Since then the agitation of ness" in her. Her dependence made her respond. Now dress birth control has become fashionable. is forgotten. The more serious question is that of the industrial re-adThe all-important tasks of rearing children and household justment following the return of the soldiers. Will women find service have yielded to national necessity. These things are it necessary to yield the places to them? It is quite likely done in some other way. Woman free from the traditional that to some extent they will. But consideration for the war life of her sex has become an important factor in industry. widows who have children to support, and for other women From this many predict a stable change in woman's po- who have lost their supporters in the war will still leave a sition; they regard the present mutation as permanent. But large contingent of women, larger than at any time b(-fore such a conclusion may be leaving out many important factors. the war, engaged in outside industries. In all wars women have, more or less, taken the places of men, But whatever woman's work, the world can never again be but when the men returned women, in the past, always surren- as it was before the war. Too many things have been changed dered the work and went back to the home. and the change in women themselves will be one of the most Will they go back again'? potent changes. There are forces in society that may insist that they do. For (continued oa p&ge lwenly-n.iDe) �Tl.e Weatern ~ tw•ty- Ce nrade Facts vs. Fancies - - 1HE United States today occupies a very peculiar sit~ uation in the making of the world's history. It stands like a massive column of granite in the midst of ·a ___ world~wide conflagration, ruin and desolation. The question is, will this column also fall and crumble away into the smoke and ashes of this titanic struggle? Many theories and fancies have been advanced which would appear to save this country from such disastrous re~ suits. We are told that if we had a united organization of the workers and were able to call a general strike in case of war, this would be the one best remedy. Others say that if the money power of the United States were in the hands of in~ dividuals, war would be impossible. Still others tell us that if we had no ships and no army war would be averted. Some raise their voices to the heavens saying that if we had courts of arbitration we would have no war, and from other coun~ tries come other voices telling us we have but to change the economic system and war will forever end. We have but to change the system and we will be led from the wilderness into the promised land where flows the milk and honey of prosperity. Others tell us that the world is coming to an end; that we have sinned and as we have sowed, so shall we reap. But, in spite of all the philosophies, theories, creeds, sects, and isms, facts must be met with facts and not with fancies. Commercialism must be met with commercialism; bayonets must be met with bayonets; bullets must be met with bullets; armies must be met with armies and not with sermons and fanciful creeds. In other words, might still makes right and might must be met with might. Thus the position of the United States is a precarious one. A policy must be adopted by the national administration that can meet the contingencies that might at any moment arise. In other words, we should be prepared. In our strug~ gles to adjust ourselves to our present circumstances, we should sanely and thoughtfuly review the world-wide arena and see along what lines we could best insure to ourselves a secure peace. Let us see what have been the winning elements of the armies of Europe. We find that Germany has been winning battles against terrific odds. Why? Because Germany has for years been building not only a military machine, not only drilling men in military formations and in handling weapons, but she has been drilling and instilling into every German mind and heart the one predominating idea- that each German is a cog in one great big efficient industrial army, and her success in war is not the result of her armies of soldiers, as much as it is the result of her army of skilled mechanics and of her system of trained efficiency. The fact that she can build and operate railroads, build ships, manufacture, farm and conduct all the industries that supply the needs of a nation, for Germa-ny is a nation in arms, is absolute proof of the practicability and efficiency of a national industrial army. The reason that England is now coming into her own is that her industries are being organized into a great industrial army, subject to the control of the English parliament, so that she is at last able to bring her unlimited resources to bear on the international drama. The reason that Russia has "come back" is that at last she is drilling her countless thousands of inhabitants into a great machine that is manufacturing and producing food and T By Gray C. Harriman clothing for her army and developing her tremendous re~ sources. In fact Russia, too, is evolving an immense indu~ trial army. The reason that France saved Paris WM that every in~ habitant of F ranee became a member of a highly organized and highly efficient industrial army. . The reason that japan occupies the position that she does in the Orient today is that the spirit of Bushido has been drilled into the japanese and each and every member of L'-le Cherry Blossom kingdom has become a part of that highly organzied and efficiently drilled industrial army that consti~ tutes the backbone of japan. So, after looking over the present international situation, we find that an industrial army must come as soon as war is declared in any nation. Therefore, since a national industrial army is the most efficient means of supplying the needs of a nation in arms; then an industrial army would be the most efficient way of supplying the needs of a nation in times of peace. And, since it is facts that must be met and not fancies, then let the United States create an il).dustrial army. Let this army be recruited from all our industries; let the men be paid living wages; put this army to work on our railroads and in our mines and in our factories, and, in fact, in every national industry. If any other system is impossibly wasteful in a great emergency like the present world war-why should we prac~ tice an impossibly wasteful system in normal times? This army, while working in our industries and developing our national resources, would also be self-supporting, and in~ stead of creating a deficit like the present standing army, it_ would be ad:ling a surplus revenue to the treasury of the government. Great highways could be built, great irrigation projects could be made, arid wastes and desert lands could be reclaimed, mines could be developed, and, in fact, untold wealth could be added to the assets of the people of the United States. This would eliminate the exploitation of the national r~ sources for the profit of individuals and in time of war, if war should ever come, we would not have to create an industrial army but would have one already created, trained, drilled and experienced, which would be ready upon 'the spur of the moment to feed, clothe and shelter a nation in arms, for it would have had experience in feeding, clothing and shelter~ ing a nation at peace. One of the lamentable conditions of our present standing army is its low moral standard. That would be eliminated by an army which was actively engage9 in a daily struggle with practical things. It would also be eradicated because of the fact that the men in this "industrial army would be paid living wages and would be independent financially, would be able to have families and support them properly and would also be in the pink of condition physically owing to steady occupation and proper exercise. They would not be cooped up in barracks, nor housed under improper conditions, but they would be constantly employed in big, practical industries. They would also have the moral stimulus of being engaged on constructive work and of not being idle parasites upon society. They would he a part of our every-day life. They would not be bulldogs to watch at our doors. Labor has the sword of Damocles held constantly over its head and that sword is the surplus labor market. Wherever a strike occurs the labor market is full of men anxious for (continued OR paae 29) �MAG~ZINE Pili• twenty two SUMMARY The Western Comrade What Thinker.s Th.ink The Substance of Instructive Articles 1n September Ma _g azines ATLANTIC Sing Sing: An Evolution.-The changing of human liabilities to human assets is the chief end of Warden Osborne's new penology. The prisoners are allowed to decide all · breaches of discipline, with appeal to the wardens' court. They are allowed to write letters and receive visitors on Sundays and holidays. Mr. Osborne is working to bring about the payment of full wage~ to the prisoners, enabling them to support themselves and their families. lbe sale of drugs and liquors has been stopped. When the men themselves determined to stamp out the evil the thing was done. - Frank Marshall White. accomplishment was to define the law of electrical magnetism. Measured in terms of service rendered it is bigger than the war in Europe. It means that every time a motor hums it sings a song of homage to the little sage of Schenectady. For years electrical engineers had dreamed of harnessing the power of rivers and waterfalls, but could not control the forces they let loose. Steinmetz solved this problem and now we can abandon all the dinky, coal eating expensive power plants throughout the country, and let the rivers furnish us electricity, "Steinmetz is the world's greatest mathematician. He is so wise that we never know whether he is right or wrong. But he turns out to be always right."-Donald Wilhelm. WORLD'S WORK The Government An Employment Agency.-Men unable to secure work where they are, cannot get away to a place where w<ltk may be had. They are a dead loss to the governlnent as -" whole; they are a b.11rden to the community which must support them, and they are a loss to the community which really needs them and their labor and cannot get it.Silene A. Harmon. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW A Tale of Two Empires.-At the beginning of the war Germany had a colonial empire nearly as large as the United States. Now it is all lost except a remnant of East Africa which is expected . to fall any day. All this conquest has been accomplished by British colonials who in addition are <Contributing the finest forces in the British ranks at the front in France. This is such a contrasting tale of two colonial empires as the world has seldom seen approximated. The. loss to Germany will be irrevocable because it has been afllicted on her by the British colonies, and those colonies are going to dictate the terms of peace at the end of the war, at least as far as the disposition of the spoils of war are concerned.- EditoriaL AMERICAN REVIEW OF REVIEWS Women in toe Krupp Works-In 1914 the Krupp works employed 36,880 men and 1241 women. In 1916 about 14,000 women were employed. Long hours of labor and insufficient food have produ~ed 76.60 per cent sickness among women and 62.31 per cent among the men. Women excel men in the use of automatic machinery. They will play a still more important part in manufacturing after the war. America and the Russo-Japanese Alliance.-The new Russo-japanese Convention may be an entente cordiale or a downright alliance, according to the convenience of the high contracting parties. It ensures their respective interests in Manchuria and Mongolia, but also covers the cnhre Far East. Against what particular powers do Russia and Japan propose to protect their interests after the present war? japan fears Germany will try to revenge Kiau 0Chow and reestablish her sphere of influence in China. On the other hand Russia is n constant menace to japanese interests in Manchuria and it seems wise by an alliance to prevent the northern bear from setting a snowball rolling down to the gulf of Chili hy way of Pekin.·-Kawakami. ILLUSTRATED WORLD Elecrically Massaged Vegetahles.-Richard F. Gloede, lllinoi• horticulturist, is experimenting with electrical treatment for . plants. Ninety per cent of cutting, planted in sour sand, and too late in the season, rooted and grew into healthy plants. Vegetables grow to extraordinary size, develop more sugar and ripen earlier. Wire is laid along the ground and attached to Iron pipes which are driven about three feet into the ground. Overhead is a network of galvanized wire, from which wires extend to a point within a few inches of the plants. Both the ground and overhead wires are connected to a step-up transformer, producing a high potential, interrupted current. Results seem to justify Mr. Gloede's statement that within a few years the use of electricity in agriculture will become thoroughly 'common everywhere.- W. F. French. Germanizing the Coal Industry-When coal is broken down the first yield is coke, raw tar, raw gas, and graphite. We make these four things. From raw tar and raw gas comes ammoniacal liquor. We make that. From raw gas are obtained benzol, cyanogen, sulphur, illuminating gas, and ammoniacal liquor. We make those. From ammoniacal liquor comes ammonia carbonate and live other compounds. We make those. From ammonia carbonate is obtained refined tar. This is the keystone of the dyestuff and explosive business, a hundred products in all. These we get almost wholly from Germany. "We have started to Germanize the coal business. And what we start we shall linish."- George H. Cushing Where You Get Your "Second Wind.''-J'he ductless glands, the pitu· itary body at the base of the brain, the thyroid gland in the neck, and the adrenal bodies capping the kidneys, pour their secretions directly into the blood stream. The first of these is the "ginger" department, the second is the pacemaker and the third manufactures adrenin, the very essence of life itself. concenrated energy. Dr. Crile calls the power created by the ductless glands the " kinetic drive." Emotion. overwork', bacterial infection, overeating. etc .. all produce very much the same results by over:.! imulating thes• glands. Dr. (rile's concep!ton of the kinetic drive seems likely to open up a wide field of discovery for the benefit of the roco.-- William Brady. M. D. Steinmetz.-Steinmetz was chased out of Germany twenty nine years aao as a Socialist and now Germany wishes it hadn't. His ·first great an THE MASSES Asia and the War.-The wealth of Asia obtained by force and fraud. by flattery and falsehood, has made Europe fabulously rich, and caused its demoralization. But that evil has brought its own retributign, in the shape of the European war. Fighting for dominions and markets, the Europeans are paying the penalty of their crimes in Asia and Africa. In its crushing of India, England taught a peaceful and gentle people that goodness was ruin. England taught India that it is efficiency in killing and robbing that pays. Meekness and humility are preached by a people who · mean the opposite of what they say. Euopean hypocrisy is fully understood in Asia. No Asiatic who has learned the lessen of hate from Europe desires an end to this war; they feel that the weakness of the enemy may bring the day of deliverance nearer. japan's treaty with Russia is a counterstroke against England. The nationalists of India and China do not expect to be able to establish a democratic national government until the foreign exploiter has been turned out.-d.ajpat Rai. The Mexican Labor Movement.-The Mexican Federation of Labor has grown to a strength of 250,000 members, and it is co-operating with Carranza. Under Carranza the workers are not only encouraged to organize, but their organization is part of his plan for the new state which he is trying to create. They ha.v e adopted all the modern labor planks, and sugge&l that Mr. Hearst save the women and children of his own country before he comes down to Mexico to save the Mexican women and children. A great feeling is arising all over Mexico that women must have equality with men. -Edmund E. Martinez. THE OUTLOOK Commiuion Government.-The railways are being regulated by Con· gress, the Interstate Cominision, the State legislatures, and the individual State commi~sions. Two people cannot regulate a railway at the same time any more than they can regulate a clo~k. Government ownership of raio· ways bean great possibilities of evii. but the National regula tion of rail· ways is the only practical solution of the present discordant and conflicting exercise of auhority. The railways of the country have become the affair of the whole country. and only the Nation should say how they shall be run.- Biewitt Lee. When Will Peace Come?- The secessionists in 1860 believed that th,· negroes were only higher animals, that slavery was justified by the Bii.JI .. and that their peace, property and prosperity depended on scparatiuol. They fought what they believed was a purely defensive warfare. Germans have always lived under an autocratic government and kno,,· no other. They have been trained to believe that war is a biological ami moral necessity, that only the sword gives strength and that Germany hcs a monopoly of Kiiltur, that their State. homes and the civilization of which they were custodians was threatened. The South was not conquereu until it was converted. German militarism is a spirit and can never be changed by a force .from without but only by ·a revolution within. There are many signs tha t this revolution in public sentiment has begun. EditoriaL LITERARY DIGEST Germany's Peace Campaign.- Not peace but war seems to be the true object of the great nation-wide campaign inaugurated by the German �The Western Comrade MAGAZINE SUMMARY "National Committee for Securing an Honorable Peace." Dr. Friedrich Naumann regrets "'that our achievements so far have not convinced the enemy that the historic decision has fallen in our favor," and he urges a sharper prosecution of the war as the surest way to peace. "It must be carried on with all the means which our superiority' in science and in technology places in our hands. and without hesitation, to the end." To sur· render a war of intensity means surrendering Germany's economic future. ··our goal can be reached if we fight on with grim determination." Implicit confidence must be placed in the men who are guiding the destinies of the Empire. and the sharpened submarine warfare will come in at that moment when the reasons for its postponement cease to exist."--Editorial. METRO PO LITAN Industry's Miracle Maker.-AII our heroes are practical men, and precisely because we are ignorant of the experience of the race--which is called civilization-we daily accomplish the impossible. But there are great prob· !ems to meet. Henry Ford's town. Detroit. manufactures six hundred million dollars worth of products every year. yet even here where there would •eem to be work enough for all. the familiar slums of the desperately poor are spreading like a plague. Ford started to improve things. He said "it costs as much for a poor man to bring up his children as it does for a rich man. No workman has a pride in his work until he gets something for it. and has enough leisure to enjoy life." He began paying a minimum '"age of five dolla" a day. and cut the hours from ten to eight, and the output of his factory was trebled. He simply does not see why the rich •hould have more than they need and the poor should not have enough. Anyone will agree to tha t statement. The trouble with Henry Ford is that he sets out to make it come true. He is that most dangerous of revolutionists- a man who translates platitudes into action. He is now building Page twenty three the nucleus of a plant to manufacure his earliest dream, a tractor that will make the farmer independent of prohibitive short haul freight rates, and do the heavy farm work. It will be very cheap. It will put the farmer in possession of his land by paying his debt. And he can use all the unemployed making tractors. But the price of gasoline and denatured alcohol keep rising. -Ford is patenting a formula for fuel that can be produced on the farm, and he is going to turn it over to the U. S. for the free use of all the people. This will "bust" the motor fuel trusts, arid incidentally sell Ford cars and tractors. He heard a rumor that the big interests are going to get him another way-cut off his steel. He is acquiring large iron ore deposits, and some believe that at a pinch he could invent a substitute for steel! He is working now on a scheme that will make farmers and small shop-keepers independent of banks. His plant has fifty-four acres under roof and employs thirty-three thousand men. There are acres of whirling, clashing intelligent machines-most of them invented by Ford himself. He employs six hundred ex-con· victs, as good and sober workmen as any on the plant. He is working out a system for training his workmen, many of whom cannot speak English, for good citizenship. This is only partially successful as yet, it is too pater· nalistic. Without self government manhood is impossible. and he knows it. His peace plan which brought forth jeers, hoots and laughter without a pa· rallel in the world's history, has grown into the Conference of Neutral Nations at Stockholm, which. at the request of all the belligerent governments has submitted twenty-one peace plans to the chancellories at· Berlin, Vienna, Petrograd, P aris and London. And after all the ridicule Henry Ford finds himself the first choice for President in Michigan, the second choice in Nebraska, and a sort of Messiah of the common people of the whole Middle West. -john Reed. Thou Shalt Not Kill By Florence M. Reynolds Why IS war? And what is it for? Does anyone really know? Why a few rulers should fly in a rage And start out to murder, in this day and age? Why they should calr on the youth of their land And form them into a murderous band? Does anyone really know? Why is war? And what is it for? Oh! Answer! Great Kaiser, and Kings! Which one started this great war game, (For which the people are not to blame, But on whom the burdens must ever fall,) Which one of you is to blame for it all? Oh! Answer! Great Kaiser, and Kings! Why is war? And what is it for? Can anyone really tell? Why we should tenderly rear our boysHoping they'd share in the best of life's joys, To have them called out in a terrible war To kill other boys, they know not what for? Can anyone really tell? Why is war? And what is it for? Do tell us, Great Rulers, we pray! Why you should tax and take from the store Of your subjects, to build such great guns galore, Battleships, rifles, powder and lead, That ·o ther "God's" countries might be filled with dead? Do tell us, Great Rulers, we pray! Why is war? And what is it for? Can anyone see the sense? Why at the call of "To arms! " "To arms' " Men should rush from cities and farms, Take guns and go where mandate sendsPerhaps lose their lives, or take lives of friends? Can anyone see the sense? Why is war? And what is it for? Can anyone understand? Why the women should suffer like slaves That their loved ones may fill soldier's graves, Or perhaps return to mother or wife Crippled and ruined for the rest of this life? Can anyone understand? Why is war? And what is it for? Whom does it really pay? The men who are taken from babes, wives, and mothers Or sweethearts, mayhap, or sisters and brothers, Sent tramping thro' mud and in trenches to lie In the wet and the cold, perhaps there to die? Whom does it really pay? Why is war? And what is it for? Oh! Rulers.! So high on your thrones! Do you each pray the "Father" to bring you success? On all of your battles to smile and to bless? Are you praying to "God" to help you along Regardless of whether you're right or are wrong? Oh! Rulers! So high on your thrones! • Why is war? And what is it for? Oh! Emperors, Monarchs, and Kings! Is it carrying out the Infinite plan Of the Master Builder, Creator of Man? Who gave this command, "THOU SHALT NOT KILL." Have you tried to obey the "Father's" Will? Oh! Emperors, Monarchs, and Kings! Why is- war? And what is it for? Oh! Emperors! Oh! Monarchs! Oh! Kings! If you'd all prayed aright to the "Infinite One" For Wisdom and Love, ere this war was begun, It would never have started, Love would have held sway, And the dear "Prince of Peace" would be Monarch today. . . _ Oh! Emperors! Oh ! Monarchs ! Oh! Kings! �Po.ce twmty four The W.ater ·We Drink ATER is the wonder-worker of the universe. Next to air it is the most important substance to our existence. It is a physical, social and industrial ess.ential that brooks no substitute. We may do without air for a few seconds and live without water ior a few hMHS, depending on circumstaaces; while we may abstain from food for days and reap only beneficial results. Hence water is second in importance in our physical economy. The Nature of Water Pure water is a compound of oxygen and"hydrogen, both highly inflammable gases. Oxygen and hydrogen are elements; their smallest possible parts are known as atoms; thus two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen rna~~ a molecule of water. At its greatest density water is 773 times heavier than air. Chemically it· dissolves a greater number of substances than any other solvent. It is in this high power as a solvent that its cleansing virtue is found. Herein lies its importance to our physical welfare. W! 1 The Water We Use There is no absolutely pure water in nature. The nearest approach to it is rain water that falls in the country districts, but even that is not absolutely pure. There are always solid and gaseous impurities in the atmosphere, much of which are dissolved by the action of falling water. As soon as the water strikes earth it begins to dissolve organic and inorganic matter, becoming more and more impure as it goes along. Happily these dissolved ingredients are not necessarily harmful. Most of them are elill}inated from the system with no ill effect upon our organism. Sources of Water Rain, as has already been said, is the purest natural source, especially if the water is collected in cisterns from tile roofs after it has rained a day or so to thoroughly cleanse the atmosphere. This is by far the saf~st way to collect rain water. Such water is free from mineral poison and, if the cistern is well constructed, the danger from organic impurities is greatly reduced. Rain water can therefore be considered the very best for drinking and domestic use. Spring water, while generally beautifully clear and always refreshingly cool, is never chemically pure. It always contains more or less mineral matter dissolved from the rocks through which it flows. The nature of the impurity of course depends on the formation in which the spring is found. Thus in a limestone country the spring water will contain a quantity of lime in solution as well as other mineral substances, and if there is a luxuriant vegetation near the spring the water is sure to contain a greater or lesser per centage of carbon dioxide. This much is true of all spring water. There are springs that flow through different strata of mineralized rocks, and here we find our sulphur. arsenic and iron springs. Soda springs are also numerous. These are often called medical springs, which is simply to say that their waters are unfit for human con umption except in small quantities. Ri,•er water as a rule carries much mineral matter in solution as well as a vast amount of suspended matter of different kinds. Hence river water i less safe th;m spring water unless the river is a mountain stream deriving its waters from nearby snows. Hard water is incompatible with soap so that little or no lather is formed in washioi with it. The mineral substances By Dr. John Oeq ·n e.r that ~e this property to the water are chiefly magnesium and calcium compounds. These waters are useless for cleansing. purposes usrtil the water has been pu~d of the mineral held in solution. This process is known as ..breaking" the water. Lye is chiefly used for this purpose. There is also a hardness -o f water due to carbonates that can be removed by boiling and is known as temporary hardness. Permanent hardness, or that which remains after long boiling is usually due to the presence of sulphates. · Potable Waters It is seldom that the inorganic impurities found in natural waters are injurious to heal.th but the organic impurities are generally· associated with living bacilli that may menace both health and Me. If is known that such diseases as cholera. typhoid fever, diphtheria and others are easily propagated in water. These elements enter the water through drainage that comes from houses and villages. It is true that through the action, of sunlight these waters may become pure again : nevertheless, it is unsafe to rely on this method of purification as brooks and streams are generally sheltered from the sun by overhanging foliage. In general we may assume that springs, deep wells, and mountain streams are safe sources of supply for general use. Methods of Purification In cases of disease or epidemic caused by organic impurities in the water, boiling will rencler the micro-organisms harmle~s. Fer surgical and medical mes the water should be distilled, and regions where the water holds a heavy per centage of inorganic impurities it is well to distill it for drinkmg purposes. Filtration This eliminates most of the organic impurities and should be done to all water entering a town or village for domestic use. If this is not done scientifically the filter may become contaminated and itself thus become a source of danger. The Physiological Action of Water ·""Water, water everywhere And every board did shrink. Water, water everywhere, And not a drop to drink."" In this stanza Coleridge draws a picture of a terrible physical and mental agony induced by thirst. Water is tht: only real quencher of thirst. It is also a balm for many ills. Let us review its physiological action. Expf.!rience has taught us that not only can water be taken internally as drink but thul it may be administered advantageously as medicine, that 1s, for therapeutic purposes. For instance, we may desire to flood the tissues with liqu:d to add weight to the blood column or to increase the tens:on of the viens and arteries. To increase capillary pressure cold water should be taken in small doses repeated at short intervals, say from ten to fifteen minutes, for several hours. When on the other hand, we desire to abstract water from the tissues. small quantities of cold water should be taken at longer intervals, three or four hours, or more. By this means the blood becomes more consistent, more impoverished of water, and so better able to carry the fluids from the tissues. In extreme cases water may be withheld for six or even eight hours. The more rapid absorption once initiated is not confined to fluids such as in dropsy, but will also carry with it other morbid products from the system. It i& herein that �The Western Comrade the systematic ingestion (drinking) of water is an aid in the cure of dropsy. When we increase the ingestion of water it also has a beneficial effect on the kidneys. It acts as a diuretic, that is, it increases the secretion of urine, and with it goes a vast amount of waste matter from our bodies. Through the elimination of urea from our organism the changing of nitrogenous tissues is materially enhanced. The drinking of cold water aids the peristaltic (propelling nerve and muscular movements of the bowels), thereby stimulati ng the circulation in the vessels of the stomach and viscera, especially in the portal vein through which the liver is beneficially affected. A book cou'H easily be written upon this subject alone, and a library upon the uses of water in the care of the body and the treatment of disease, but for lack of space we can suggest only a few of the uses and effects. Effects of Temperature Heating and cooling by means of hot water, for instance, has a decided effect upon the nervous system . As examples, Page twenty five we may cite the sprinkling of water upon the face of one who has fainted, or our changing moods and capacities after baths, hot or cold. Water has an action upon the circulation. It has been noted by th~ writer that, through the application of cold water, changes in the frequency and strength of the heart beat were achieved. The breathing, and through that the circulation of the blood can be affected. Then we might discuss the internal bath, the 'use of packing and sponging in fevers, a thousand other ways in which water may be used for therapeutic purposes. Conclusion It is the purpose of this department to publish these articles a nd any correspondence that may be considered valuable in book form after they have run in the WESTERN COMRADE. Any one who is interested in natural methods of healing or who is afflicted with any ailment from which he or she might have suffered is invited to correspond with this department. Enclose stamp. The Llano I Saw --ANY Socialists the country over are interested in the j Llano del Rio Colony. This Colony after years of , thought was started by Job Harriman and a few com' rades two years ago. It is situated some ninety miles by ra il or road from the city of Los Angeles, California. 1\ number of Socialists in Wisconsin and Illinois were interested in it, and before risking the expense of the membership payments and of mov,ing their families, asked me to go a nd investigate it - they paying my expenses. I found it much bigger and better than I had ever imagined, although I had read everything that had been printed about it from the very start. Instead of a wilderness, I found a busy town with over eight hundred inhabitants. This is ·their temporary town. In it I found over two hundred and fifty houses and tent houses, many of them quite commodious and comfortable. The industries were a marvel, considering that a little over two years ago this was all sage brush and rabbits. There are three school~. a hotel, assembly hall, library, general store, paint shop, barber shop, bakery, cannery, machine shop, planing mill, postof!ice, sawmill, shoeshop, steam laundry, doctors' offices, a nd many other enterprises too numerous to mention. Two tractors, motor trucks, about a dozen automobiles, seven ty-five work horses, over a hundred cows, several hundred hogs, thousands of rabbits and chickens, a herd of six hundred and fifty angora goats about to come in; these were among the possessions of the Colony. Hundreds of acres of the best land I ever saw were under cultivation. Alfalfa produces six cuttings a year, Grain of the best, potatoes, sweet potatoes, cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, beets, onions, lettuce, radishes, cucumber, corn, tomatoes, peas, bea ns, canteloupes, and watermelons; peaches, pea rs. apples, figs, almonds, olives, and many kinds of berries. The buildings being put up for stock and everything else are 111ost modern, clean and sanitary. The celJlent silo, of four hundred tons capacity, is one of the best. The fish hatchery will in time supply all the fish needs of the Colony, besides much for the market. The bees supply a ton of honey a month ; the cows a thousand gallons of milk each wee k. M By Walter Huggins The colonists are now producing for themselves over eighty per cent of the food stuffs they consume. Their brass band of fifteen pieces is the talk of the valley. They also boast of a mandolin and guitar club and orch'estras, and their baseball team is the terror of the neighborhood. What interests many visitors most is the work the boys and girls a re doing in their own sepa rate colony, and the Montessori school for children. The former are cultivating sixtyfive acres of garden, and the a mount and variety of vegetables and fruit they are producing are wonderful. ----._ They are also raising hundreds of chicken and rabbits and some goats. The bigger boys are assisting in the construction of all their own buildings. These are mostly of adobe bri,~k. the one they are most proud of is their young people's club house, now under construction. The Montessori school is one of the best in the country. Their school is over a mile from the temporary city, so the children are taken every morning in autos, and brought back in the afternoons, their lunch being served at the school. The entertainment side of life is a big feature at the Colony. Dances, card parties, musicales, lectures, picture shows, etc. The assembly hall seats about seven hundred and it is one of the busiest you can find anywhere. I was more than pleased to see this effort of the Socialists such a success. Nearly every trade and occupation is represented by first class workmen, farmers, fruit growers, mechanics, builders, etc., with a sprinkling of so-called intellectuals. All are busy eight hours a day, and four dollars is the amount placed to their credit for the day's work. The foremen of each department, of which there are a score or more, meet at seven each night for half an hour to arrange and distribute men. teams, machines, etc., for the next day. All seemed to be enjoying life as it should be enjoyed. asked not only the officers about things, but enquired of about forty men and women how they liked it, and what they thought of the future of the Colony; <and all were more than enthusiastic. To me it was a revela tion. Here were more than eight hundred men, women and children, seemingly ninety-nine per cent Socialists, solving the grea t life problem, getting food, cloth- �Pa~e twcnly six Th e W estern Comra d e ing and shelter from mother earth. The food at~d h_o usins (c:~~i~.:d- rr::-;~; 17) question they have practically solved, and the clothmg IS next on the list. Capitalism touches them less than any group of o f snow on the summit which lasts nearly all summer; a great pine-clad wall , cutting us 6ff from the friction a nd worry of civilized people on the earth. They have made mistakes, they will make more. Let us. the distant competitive world. From Llano it looks like a steep faced wall, but when you start to cross it you find yourhope that they do so. for if they did not, they would make no self winding through rock canyons, along the · rushing waters progress. o f the Big Rock Creek, or Climbing through the giant pines Some have left the Colony, others wiiLdo so. It is so differto the wild enchantment of J ackson's lake. ent from the life of a capitalistic town that some cannot fit T urning your back on this protecting wall the vast floor of themselves to it. They are used to the glitter o f the shops and the Antelope valley stretches away to the q uaint unearthly shows, a nd the bright lights, and Lla no is so different, that outlines of the desert buttes and behind them the far summits some will arri ve there and not fee l satisfied . But the majority of them stay a nd will stay. for they see a future there for them- of the Tehachapi range show faintly on the horizon. The selves a nd their families th~t is sa fe a nd secufe, such as capit- .desert with its immeme dista nces, its mystery and color, the mirages a t sunrise and the splendid rose and purple of its a lism ca nnot guaran tee. sunsets is the keynote of the place. It reca lls visions of And they would be a lot of weakl ings if it did not go. They Arabia, Egypt and Tunis, parts of Greece and Spain, and its have the finest clima te, soil , and - water; a·tid everything in construction problems are those that have ·been met in those the mount a ins a round them - timber and lime, a material that countries. takes the place o.f cement ; a bout a ll they buy now for buildThick walls ward off the summer heat, cool a nd shady ing purposes is hardwa re a nd glass. patios, fountai ns a nd ground cover, eliminate the wide, bare Life for man and beast is most comfortabl e; few flies, no spaces where otherwise the wind <1 nd sun might riot unmosquitoes or fl eas. no thunderstorms. Who would not like restrained. T he dry clima te makes it possible a nd n!o.;i it? I a m not surpri sed that it is growin g at such a ra pid rate. desirable to live out of doors practically all the year around, I only hope tha t many such colonies will be started by the and the wonderful scenery calls for a n open outlook in ;)ll Socia lists a nd the working class. but always like this one, in directions. The flat roof, accessible by wide a nd easy sta:r:;. a mild climate, with li ttle or no winter. where the housing with carefully planned sleeping accommodations. with walls problem is simple. I wou ld not waste my time writing of this so a rra nged as to alford privacy, with comfortable seats, .and Colony were it to be the o nly effort a lo ng these lines. I be- plants and vines to keep the place cool and restful. will conlieve that Ll ano has started right. on a large scale, which is the stitute ideal o utdoor living conditions. only sa fe way these ci{lys of starlin g a nything. I fee l sure In the winter, the sheltered pa tio will cut off the force of that ma ny others wi ll copy from Llano, a nd even avoid some ·. the winds, the solid concrete houses will not rock a nd cre~k errors they have made. • in the heavy gusts and will conserve the heat from the o pen fireplaces. Even the roof is so a rra nged that on a minute's I hope tha t many. ma ny thousa nds of the working class notice the open sleeping places can be converted into four will solve this life q ue>tion. starling wi th Mother Earth, our tent houses, each with th ree concrete walls a nd ha lf o f the natural inheritance. roof of solid construction. A sun parlor-dining room will also make a n idea l living room in cold weather. T he com fort- the habitability of the house having been Telephone Home A-4533 co nsidered, i~s outward a ppeara nce is next in order. Let us HARRIMAN & LEVIN not go a t the problem with any cut-and-dried architectu ral Attorneys at Law form in mind, but let its external aspect evolve naturall.v from the material employed and from its internal pla ns. 92 1 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. Concrete calls for extreme pl <~; inness and simplicity. On Building a Socialist City A Colonist Invented the Wrench Shown Here h hns SIXTEEN Point s of i\dvanlage over any other wrench on the markcl. \Vou ld you buy on C' a t a reasonable price if you were gavcn a gutl.rantcc with it ? Or accept a seiling agency a t a fair profit that would pay you fo r your time? moncy · back Before ge lling it manufact ured the invento r wishes to ascertain what demand can be expected. Prof1ts made from the ,ale of the wrcnrh \\'ill be tu rned to •~ r Llano del Rio Colony. Please wri te what you are wi lling to do. t\DDRESS : INVENTOR. WESTERN COMR~\DE. LLANO. C.l\t . �T he We s tern Comrade Page twenty the other hand, from the point of view of economy of construction the concrete wall can be made lighter if buttresses a re used. The deeply recessed doors and windows, and the buttresses, if properly handled will produce masses o f light .t nd shade of the highest artistic value. The roof garden almost a utomatically eliminates eaves. They cou ld be handled in the Spanish way, as a sort of pretence at a roof , beginning nea r the wa ll line and projecting out side over the street , but this would add greatly and unnecessar ily to th e expen oe. A terrace effect, a light pergola , <ome vine s a nd a few potted pl a nts, express the constructive reality of the case . It is a roof garden and should look the pa rt. Ges ides thi s tou ch of g reen and color above the plain , light surfa ces of the wa ll s. will be extremely effective. "'ow he re you ha ,·e, growin g of itself out of the condition s, .t il a rchit ec tura l styl e th a t obta ins, with a thousand local 1 a ria tio ns. a ll a round the Mediterra nea n. The Italian vill a, usua ll y very la rge, has ro ws of hi gh na rrow \~·indows, a very heav y corn ice . and a roof ga rden with rows of architectural 1 ase s a nd ha ngin g plants. The Spa nish house has heavily ·~ r ate d windo ws , perhaps a hi ghly ornamented gateway, and the fl a t roof ma sked by th e ea ves aforesaid. The Moorish house is ab solut ely pl a in on th e out side, with neither buttre sses nor ea\es . There may be a g ra ted window, sometimes a ra rely bea utiful doorway. But in side, the pa tio may be a d rc<un o f ca rvin g a nd fo untain s and tropical greenery, and the roo f roo ms <1\·a ilabl e under different condition s of sun and 11·ind. In Egy pt a nd Arabia th e same type of priva te dwell In g is customa ry, but in Egypt. especia ll y in a ncient public l,uildin gs. the hi ghl y characte ri sti c Egyptian pillars and design, di ffe re ntiat e it s a rchitectu re a bsolutely from that of any ot her country. The sa rne may be said of Greece; th e essential po int s of C ree k ,a rchit ec ture are so definite and so widely known , th a t th e leas t experienced eye recogni zes them imm edi a tely . We ha ,·e he re a n enorm o us ra nge o f decora tion that ca n he dra wn on to va ry the simplicity of our buildings without ~, o i n g out side th e ge nera l type , a nd ma ny wi ll doubtless gel .t cert a in amount of aesthetic pleas ure in dallyin g with decora tive schemes of different kinds; but those wi ll be best advised who tru st to line and masses for their effects. Our little brothers, the over-rich, are contin ua lly hiring some one to redecorate their hou ses ; they soon tire of even the mo st ski llful and a rti stic decorat ive schemes .. The one thin g no one ever tire s of is well balanced, re stiu l simpl icity. . Would. You Like to Reduce Weight? Send For This Successful Treatment "Obesity---Its Cause and Correction" C] One user of this treatment reduced from ISO pounds to 117 pounds and fou1.1d improved health. Many others have used it with satisfactory results. NO MEDICINES OR DRUGS USED C0mplete $5.00 Course Now Only $3.00 because there is no rent to pay at Llan~ . For full information write to Mrs. C. M. Williams, Llano, California. Installment Members Take Notice f]l The LLANO DEL RIO COLONY is in the market for figs, prunes. peaches, raisins, etc. C] You can assist in putting us in touch with those who have them . LLANO DEL RIO COLONY. LLANO, CAL. Photo Post-cards of Llano The Industries, Views, Scenery, Activities, taken from act ual photographs . 5 cents each; 55 cents a dozen. . SOUVENIR CLUB. LLANO, CAL. (jJ GET A LLANO RUG FREE. These bea utiful Ru gs are 2 7x54 in ches and come in red, blue, g reen, a nd <;>lher trimmings. Artistic, durable, and suitable for a ny hQme, they are very desirable premium s. (jJ The Circulation Department will gi•.e one FREE for C] BACK NUMBERS of the WESTERN COMR ADE are needed to complete our flies. J an uary Apri l. May , a nd jul y numbers for 19 14 a re missin g. Comrades who ha ppe·n to have th em will co nfer a favor o n us by mailing them to THE WESTERN COMRADE. 25 Subs. to the WESTERN COMRADE at SOc 25 S ubs. to the LLANO COLONIST at SOc 20 Comrade a nd Colonist · Combinations at 75c LLANO , CAL. --- - ---- .::::- ... ------- -- Circ ul ation Department, Llano, Cal. -. . If You Received Two WESTERN COM RADES this tirpe, pass one of them on to neighbors or friends who ested. Get their subscriptions too. le\'• I I lome A 2003 r.lain 619 A . J . STEVENS DENTIST ) l- - - - 306 Sou lh Broadway, Los Angdes, Cal. Room 514 �'P~ge twenty eight The The Western Comrade Entered as second-class matlor a t the post office at Los Angeles, CaL ~ PUBLISHED EACH MONTH AT LLANO, CALIFORNIA Subscription Price Fifty Cents a Year -- - - - --- ------ - - - -M~tnaging Editor. JOB HARRIMAN FRANK E. WOLFE Editor. Contributing Editors ROBERT K. WILLIAMS G. BUXTON CLINTON BANCROFT ERNEST S. WOOSTER . . MILDRED A. CONSTANCE f\l. J-,"JiN DR. JOHN DEQUF..R WESLEY ZORNES . . Business Manager In making change o f address always give your former one so that the mailing department may Le certain the right name is being ·changed. -· VOL. IV. --- -- ----------OCTOBER, 191~ -----~- No. 6. LLANO IS MONEY ORDER POST OFFICE Many of our subscribers complain that Postmasters tell them that Llano is not a money order office. This is not true. Llano bas been a money order office for months. Insist on havinr money orders issued to Llano, California. New View of Llano u By Frank E. Wolfe PON our return , after seven months absence from Llano, scores of 'the comrades met us with the same question: "Have. we grown? How does the Colony _ look to you? Do you see any changes here?" These questions were asked before we had an opportunity to look about and once more become acquainted with the new conditions there. Even now, this is written before we have been nearly over the entire ground. Of course we were able to keep somewhat in touch with affairs through our daily routine correspondence with heads of the various departments, but we had no real understanding of the remarkable demonstration that has been made. One day at Llano taken up with breathless activity does not give one an adequate idea of the situation, but in the one day we saw many enterprises that were new to us. Among these newly established industries and activities we saw the steam laundry with its big steam boiler and the tireless and energetic engine which runs not only the laundry, cannery, and printery, but which also saws the juniper that forms a large part of the fuel of the Colony. This boiler was furnishing steam for the cooking vats in the cannery, and hot water for the shower and tub baths in the new bath house. We saw a dozen barrels of vinegar in the making. We saw thirty persons working in the cannery, where fruit and vegetables were handled with expediency but with greater care as to cleanliness than in any. other cannery in tht: competitive world. Everybody realized that they were preparing food for their own table. In the printery we saw in operation a new linotype, a big rotary press, smaller presses, folder, stitcher, cutter and other machinery that goes to make up a modern printery. This laundry, bath, cannery, printery and the building in which they are housed which were all a dream seven months ago are yery real and indispensable parts of the Colony now. In the apple room we found tons and tons of apples which were being sorted and rapidly taken care of as were other fruits and vege- ti Western Comrade tables. A quick look at the rug and carpet weaving plant showed substantial progress made there. The same held good for blacksmith and machine shop, the cabinet shop and the shoe shop. The planihg and finishing mill has been rearranged, enlarged and improved. A glimpse into the offices of the publishing department showed several active workers in charge of mailing lists and various duties incident to an important phase of Colony promotion. Wrapped copies of 'The Llano Colonist" were piled high on the long tables, and it was easy to see reason for the growth of theLlano post office. A brief visit to the Art Studio was inspiring, and deepest interest centered around some of the newer pieces modeled by the master in charge there. Then we saw the new lime kiln in full operation. This kiln will be the source of a large portion of the building material for the new city. Lime from this kiln is being used in large quantities in the construction of the permanent irrigation system. On the new city site we found half a dozen foundations of a substantial type already finished and ready for the houses that will spring up for the permanent homes of the colonists. At the sawmill we found a splendid outfit of new machinery installed in most substantial and workmanlike manner. It is ready and only awaits the arrival of the logs to begin tu;·ning out large quantities of lumber. These logs are ready, and the day this is written the wagons start hauling logs ; millions more feet of lumber await the axe of Colony lumbermen. Thus we found everything moving forward toward the construction of permanent homes and public buildings in the city. We saw a capital logging road that has recently been completed from the sawmill to the mountains. Some time ago it was predicted that it would take us a year to build thi~ road. Ten weeks saw it completed and instead of costing $12,000 to build, as it would have cost any outside parties, the cash outlay has been comparatively small. We saw in one garden the finest cauliflower and cabbage imaginable, and with it eggplant, squashes, tomatoes and other vegetables. We saw three acres of thriving strawberry plants and heard plans for extension. We saw thousands of quarts of ripe sunberries awaiting the hands of the pickers. We saw teams and crews drilling the last of an eighty acre field of new alfalfa, and heard plans for fifty acres more at once. Three hundred acres of this will be planted by spring. We saw crews of men clearing land with a giant tractor, and other crews cutting and hauling vast quantities of juniper wood for fuel. We saw all this and more. We saw greater activity · and enthusiasm, more earnestness and deeper understanding, more pride of achievement and confidence in the future than ever before. We lind here the pioneer spirit and the strong and determined characters that will move steadily forward. Never was there more ground for hope and enthusiasm. Our success is assured. We have, of course, a great task ahead of us, but we shall be equal to it. We shall go ahead, brave enough, bold enough, firm enough in our confidence in ourselves to surmount all obstacles and continue our drive to success. - o-Dear Comrades: It gives me great pleasure to inform you that I have already secured eight subscriptions for the WESTERN C0:\1RADE. for which I enclose you a check of four doll ars. I hope to get some more in the near futu_re. Hoping to live among you comrades, and do my share in the establishment of a real commonwealth, I remain. Yours >incerely, N. C- - . Los Angeles. �Tlte We s tern Comra .ie The Story of Boyland (continued from page 13) The system by which the boys are placed in first and others of these groups is imperialistic democracy. Each Monday morning, we hold a meeting Df what is called the court; first the boys of the third and fourth group meet together and they decide which of the school belong to their own group. Any upper group boy who has not lived up to the maxim noblesse oblige may feel pretty confident that this meeting of the proleta riat will result in his downfall. Upon the other hand, they decide that one of their own members has conducted himself so circumspectly as to deserve greater liberties. Boys of the second group are now called in and determine which of the remaining boys ought to go into the second group and which, if any, deserve first group privileges. Of course, I, or sometimes one of the other men, am present at their proceedings, since otherwise the harshness of boy "j ustice" might be carried too far; but our action is only for the purpose of stimulating the mental activity of the boys themselves. These courts teach the bOys valuable lessons of ~e lf gevernment, discovering traits in each other which would have escaped the observations of us adults and impress upon the boys that standards of conduct held up to them are the characteristics they admire and not merely exotic ideals invented by persons foreign to their own point of view. Facts vs. Fancies (continued from page 21) every position at any pr.ice. Thus capitalism has a great club in its hands as long as it can keep the labor market flooded and it is for that rea,son that men are imported from all ·over the earth, and capitalism will contine this process if possible. It needs a flooded labor market and that means about flve men for every job, and that means that capitalism can pay low wages and that means big dividends. Thus, as we look back over this plan we can see that it would eradicate our unemployed problem, that it would give an outlet to our labor market, that it would train an efficient army, that it would be self-supporting, that it would be a source of revenue instead of deficit, that it would develop our national resources, and last, that it is the only safe a:nd sane policy of preparedness which would adequately meet any contingencies that might arise. Woman After the War (continued from page zo) What woman will do in the society that must be re-made is not as important a question as what she will bring to this new society. May it not be hoped that her long ages of devotion to others in the home will give her that sense of patient co-operation that the world so much needs. Women have seen the agony of their sons in the present pa s that has destroyed the wealth and treasure of centuries, and ruthlessly ruined the lives of the present generation, beides leaving a bitter heritage of hatred for the future. Wo- · man awakened will not be satisfied to stop this catastrophe with a treaty that ' ill last only until the time is ready for another clash. They will \ ant to deal with the causes of the war. ommercial and industrial competition, rivalry for world markets, and the power of government in the hands of the commercial and even the feudal class - these are the thing,. that 'inu t be reviewed. And if women are once awakened, the power of maternal protection, that saves even the beast babies of the jungle, will be u ed to supplant competition with co-operation, and autocracy ' ith democracy. .For Latest Styles for NeweSt FancYwork For Delightful Stories For Money-saving and Labor-saving Ideas For V,ery Bt!st. Recipes For Be~t \Vays In Houskeeping For Home Building and Beautifying For Dress Accessories For Secrets of Beauty and Health For Sane, Sympathetic Editorials For Inspiration and Recreation For All Matters of Interest and Value to Home-Loving Women For Household Short Cuts For Practical Child Training For Best Ways In Care of Babies For Women In the Spotlight For Helps In Church Work For Aids To The Farmer's Wife For Pleasure and Good Cheer For All Thoughts That Make Life Richer. Brighter, More Worth While. BE SURE TO READ TO DAY'S MAGAZINE FOR WOMEN tjJ Each coming number of TO DAY'S will contain such a feast of Stunning Fashions, Gripping Stories, N~w Fancywork, Valuable Helps, Recipes, Delightful Entertainment, Labor-Saving and Home-Making Ideas that each number will prove a real joy to you. What To Day's Does and Does Not . It tells women how to make and wear their own clothes; not how Mary Garden wears hers. It tells women ho,.; to dreu , rear and care for their own children ; not how the Duchess of Muchmoney dresses here. It teache< women how to furni sh their own homes, but not by pictures of Andrew Carnegie's dining room and library. 3 for $1.00 WESTERN COMRADE, 50c LLANO COLONIST, 50c TO DAY'S MAGAZINE, 50c $1.50 For $1.00 Any Two For 7Sc Make up a Christmas Combination and make your money order payable to WESTER COMRADE. LLA '0. CAL. �T h e Page thirty What Our Mail Brings Dear Comrades:Sometime ago you mailed me a copy of the WESTERN COMRADE. I read it with great pleasure and passed it on to others, all of whom were as well pleased to not.e the progress made by the Co-operativ.e Colony. Four of us decided that we would like to keep in touch with the work. You will therefore find check for four subscriptions to the WESTERN COMRADE. Fraternally yours, j. D-- . Philadelphia. - 0- Comrades: ~ Enclosed please find money .order for 75 cents for one year's subscription to the COMRADE and the COLO~IST. One WESTERN COMRADE makes the rounds of five different families before I get hold of it~ so I am trying to relieve R. H- - . the pressure. - 0- Dear Comrades: ! en::lose check for $15 .00. for which send the monthly and weekly publications of the colony as per list enclosed , a nd the balance in sub-cards t~ me. Yours for the Colony, G. C---· - 0- Dear S irs:! came acro56 your WESTERN COMRADE; il is gra11!. Please send me the COMRADE and Pearson's magaLine for one year. j. D--- . - C o m r a. d e The Cooks' Corner Edited by Chef Robert The coupon must be used in asking questions and must he . mailed to the Culinary Editor, Western Comrade, Llano, Cal. Cut it out and pin it to your letter. Any recipe will be given. also translations of French or German menu terms. This department is not confined to American cookery; it is international-French, German, Russian, Chinese, Spanish. etc., Culinary Editor, The Western Comrade 0- Dear Comrades: . The WESTERN COMRADE for August-September, came to hand yesterday. Please accept my thanks; it -is a dandy, and I am much pleased. I wish I could come up there to see the Colony. I expect there is a great change since I was there two years ago. Perhaps my wife will come up there soon with another lady who intends to investigate the Colony. Fraternally yours. ] . ]. H- --. El - - , Cal. - W e s t· e r n 0- Dear Comrade: I want to keep in touch with this project. I want to come there myself later on. Wishing you success. I remam, B. 8 - - Yours truly, --o.:_ Dear Folks:. Enclosed you will find, after moderate search, a half dollar. which you may count as my subscription to the LLANO CO!..ONIST beginning with its first issue. I take the COMRADE, but am so interested in the work you are trying to do, that I am delighted to get weekly news about that work. Mr. Pickett and wife and the Montessori teachers interest me especially, as I am a teacher myself. Wishing the Colony and you all the success that your plan merits, I am, Yours truly, C. W. C. -o- Dear Comrades:! spent two days in Llano looking about the place:. Though I only reached points I could walk to, I am more than pleased with what I saw. Fourteen months ago I took .out an installment membership, but had never seen Llano until Sept. 24. I am thoroughly satisfied with the great co-operative demonstration and I shall close up my affairs as rapidly as possible with the intention of becoming a resident. I shall most certainly advise my friends to take out installment memberships. Nevada. W. R. 0--. Name ......................................................................................... You are a t. liberty to ask a ny questions you desire, and they will be answered by Chef Robert. This department is instituted for the benefit of the housewives who read The WESTERN COMRADE, a nd they a re urged to make good l!Se of it. -()- Chef Robert: Will you please tell me how lo make di ll pickles ? T.C.P. , Idaho. Recipe to Make Dill Pickles. Choose all cucumbers of uniform size. Cut off both ends, pack in a n earthen or woode n vessel, put plen ty of dill on top and bottom of receptacle, pour over a brine prepared as follows: boil water enough to cover cucumbers, add to each gallon of water eight ounces of rock or cooking salt, a few cloves, some cherry leaves, or grape vine leaves. When liquid is cold, pour ove r cucumbers, cover with a wooden or earthen cover-never use tin or other metal utensils. Press by putting heavy stones on cover. The pickles will be ready for the table in ten days . WANTED.- PLAYER PIANO OR PIANO PLAYER- Communicate with the Llano del Rio Colony, Lla~o. California. WANTED.- THE WESTERN COMRADE IS IN NEED OF AN EXPEHI cnced Pressman; must have Union Card in good standing.-Communicalc with _Llano del Rio Colony, Llano:_,•__:C::::· ·a::,:l._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ WANTED BY THE LLA.NO DEL RIO COLONY: SEWING MACHINES suitable for Shirt and Overall Faclory; Cullers and Forewomar. for Shirl and Overall Faclory.- Givc refc renc~s and slate experience. TANNER WANTED.-TANNER WHO HAS HAD EXPERIENCE AND can give suitable references as to ability. Communicate with the Llano del Rio Colony, Llano, Cal. Do You Like To Draw? CARTOONISTS earn big money. Our modern up-to-date home study method can leach you this well paying profession at a low cost. Send 4c for illustrated boolr.lel and sample lesson pla<c. LOS ANGELES SCHOOL OF CARTOONING· 415c Thorpe Building, Los Angeles •• Cal. �Do You Read PEARSON'S --The Magazine that prints facts which no maga~.ine depending on advertising could "afford"· to print. --The Magazine that prints in each issue the tru:h aGout so:nething of vital interest to you. The Magazine which is supported by its readers nnd not by its advertisers. - - The Magazine which handles public questions rcarlessly- - And yet which prints delightful and entertaining ftction for the entire family. Silbscription Post Cards For the WESTERN. COMRADE and ·the LLANO COLONIST. (jJ Cards of two styles. Those selling at 50c eacl~ are for either the WESTERN . COMRADE or the LLANO COLONIST. fJl Those selling at 7Sc each are special Combination cards for both publications. fJl SPECIAL RATES: Six S.Oc Cards for $2.50; Six 75c Cards for $3.75; Three SOc Cards and Three 75c Cards for $3.25. fJl This offer is good only for a limited time. WESTERN COMRADE, LLANO, CAL / By sprciill with Pearson's w e arc able to dubbin~ offer until November 1. .1rran gc.·m t·nl rn.1kc you the followin g You ca n get both PEARSON'S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN COMRADE for One Year by >ending One Dollar to Circulation Dept., Western Comrade, Llano, Cal. After November 1st this rate will be raised to $1.50 Socialist Christmas Present (jJ Send your F r~ends the WESTERN COMRADE and the LLANO COLONIST. f] The WESTERN COMRADE is SOc a Year, 2Sc for Six Months. (jJ The LLANO COLONIST is SOc a Year, 2Sc for Six Months, IOc forT wo Months. (jJ BOTH of them for One Year for 7Sc to one name and address. (jJ Make your checks or money orders payable to Llano del Rio Pub. Dept., and address Llano, Cal. "THE PEST" "ADOLESCENCE" and "SLUMMING" By EMANUEL JULIUS Three Clever Plays Something to smile at when you read, or to roar at when you see them played- yet they'll give you something to ponder over, too. Eugene V. Debs says of Emanuel Juliuo: He has a most interesting style and all of his matter has life in it and pith, and appeals strongly to the reader. You'll make it a grea t deal stronger than that when you've read "THE PEST," one of the most lucid, straight-from-the shoulder thmgs ever put into print. The others are just "" good and they all come in the same little booklet. PRICE TEN CENTS THE WESTERN COMRADE, LLANO, CAL. New Rugs from Old Carpets Installment Members: (jJ The LLANO DEL RIO COLONY is at present need of 10 Tons of Alfalfa Seed A Carload of Wheat Dairy Cows and Range Stock Angora and Milk Goats Sewing Machines suitable for Factory Work Tanning Outfit fjj We are now in a position to make immediate use of many articles and machines which have not been practicable for us heretofore. fJl You are invited to correspond in regard to the needs listed above. LLA 0 DEL RIO COLONY, LLANO CAL 111 fJl Don't throw your old carpets away-they are still good. Have new rugs made from them, beautiful and durable rugs. Old Chenille Curtains and table covers can also be used in Llano Rewoven Rugs fJl Old Ingrain, Brussels, Moquette and Velvet rugs or carpets can be re-woven into rugs suitable for any home. fJl Rag Carpets, Rugs, and Art Squares also woven, every size and style.. Ask about beautiful LLANO POSTER RUGS fJl Write for descriptive pamphlet and prices. We pay fr eight one way on orders amounting to $5.00. Ship Direct to the Rug- Department LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY, PALMDALE, CAL. �This Goat Belongs to· Uano Boys They have a flock of goats, blooded Swiss milk stock. They have chickens, turkeys, rabbits, horses and pets. The boys.· a~e building- a henhouse eighty feet long. They are building a club house one hundred and twelve feet long. Does Your Boy Have this Chance? Or Is He Roaming the Streets in Bad Company? W HAT sort of a future a re you :lal)ning _for your children? What are your gtrls learmng? their environment good? Is Are they spending their time profitably? Are they following healthful pursuits? A membership for you will give them .the opportunity they need. You can make them healthy, robust, happy. They will 1J~~ practicable things and develop as you would like to see t hem. There is an opportunity for you and your family at Llano. .. · children Its many developing 'industries offer your . the scope of opportunity that will permit to _select tJm They can /r-e this selec- the occupation they prefer. ti·on by· actual contact; each- child gains a thorough un~erstanding of the different lines of work. And then above allto'i• · •· e freedom, the independence, ~ . the assurance of steady employment, the protection in old age. A membership in the Llano del Rio Colony is the only perfect insurance. Write at once for ''The Gateway to Freedom" and other descriptive literature Llano Boys Have Their Own Livestock Llano del· Rio Colony THE WORLD'S Llano II G~EATEST CO-OPERATIVE COMMUNITY Los Angeles County California � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1916-10 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-10 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v04n06_191610 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-31 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v04n06 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/bd262d1d893ff16bea8411d3ca82000e.pdf ad85eccebe958242f4364660885c60af PDF Text Text The Western Comrade August -September, 1916 Price Five Cents , - - - - - - - - IN THIS ISSUE - - - - - - - - . , Victor Berger on His Recall Natural Law in the Home By A. CONSTANCE AUSTIN A T r i p to .L I an o S p r i n g s B y R. K. W I L L I A M S The Co-operative Commonwealth By CLINTON BANCROFT The Air We Brea-the By DR. JOHN DEQUER �I The Gateway To Freedom Through Co-operative Action T HE name of the Nevada Colony Corporation has been changed to the LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY OF NEVADA. This has been done in order to conform to the name of the only ·colony enterprise in which we are interested-the LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY, situated in Los Angeles County, California. We are not interested in any colonization enter prise in Nevada, or any other state outside of California. Another i;·aportant change has been made in that we have decided to issue our former contracts instead of the one we offered as the Nevada Colony Corporation. This makes the terms of membership much easier on the members. Instead of asking $2,500 for memberships, we have de cided to continue on the $2,000 basis. This requires the member to pay $1,000 as the initial fee, .and to work out the remaining 1,000 shares at the Colony, a't the rate of only one dollar per day instead of two dollars per .day. Outstanding contracts will be changed to conform to · this when requested. ' The LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY is interested. in only one magazine-THE WESTERN COMRADE. l"his is an illustra ted monthly magazine devoted to the came of co-operation and Socialism. It has been issued by the Colony since its inception. Job Harriman , founder of the LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY, is the managing editor. The Western Comrade will print stories in each issue covering the activities at the LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY. The . subscription price is fifty cents a year. Foi lowin g is the pl an to which we have returned: each share-holder agrees to buy 2,000 shares of capital stock. Each pays in cash or installments, ~ 1,000. Each pays in labor, $1,000. Each receives a daily wage of $4, from wh ich is deducted one doll a r for the stock he is wo rkin g out. From the remainder comes his living expenses. Wha teve r ma rgin he may have above deduction for stock a nd living expenses is credited to his individual account, payable out of the surplus profits of the enterpri se . If an installment member falls ill, is disabled or disemployed. the Colony gives him every opportunity to re cove r a nd resume payments. In no case will he be crowded. If he finds it impossible to resume payments, we will, upon request, issue stock for the full amount he has paid. Thi s is transferable a nd may be sold to his best adva nta ge. In this we will undertake to assist wherever prac ti cable. Corporations arc not allowed by law to dea l in their own stock. The Weekly Newspaper, lHE LLANO COLONIST, gives the news of the world, of the Socialist movement and of the Labor movemen t in co ndensed form. It ca rries th e colony news, etc. The subscription ra te is SOc a year. Both th e Western Comrade a nd the Lla no Colonist to one name for 75c. What The Llano Community Offers You W E !J an.· an ab undance of sparkling wa ter from mo untain sufftcient to irriga te th o usands of fer tile acres wh e re natu re's bounty is limitless . \Vc arc conduc tin g an agricultural, ho rtic ultural, stock raising ent erprise . \Ve have a number o f indus tri <l l plant s opcratin_g anJ a number of o th ers projected. \Vc slrt.'il lll S have nea rl y 800 resident s at the new city of Llano and thousands of o th ers <~rc planning to mak t· it th ei r home in the fut ure. There arc excelle nt schools, amon :J th em a wonde rful IVlo nt esorr i schoo l which takes cha rge of the children at two )Ti lfS of age . Schools ra nge from this to the hi gh schoo l.. Writ e today for an ;;pplica tion blank, fd l it out and send toge th er wit h .:t rem itt ance of $ 10 or more to SC'Clii"C your membership.. Y ou· <.: i'ln th en arrange to pay $ 10 a month or more un til yo u can so adjus t your affairs tha t you can make fma l payment and join your com rad e~ who have already born'<'"- the firs t brunt of pio neerin g. -y-- The climate is delightful. the soil fertile, the water pure and the present. success. This fac t must be obvious to all . The management of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unmindful of the fa ct thnt there is a numberless army that cannot take advant a::\C of this plan of co-operation. Many letters come in tha t breath e bitt er and deep disappointment. No one could regret thi s more th an we do. It is our hope that the day will come when successful co-ope rati ve groups can say to their stripped, robbed and exploi ted brothers: "'You who come with willing hands ;md unders tandin g of com radeship and co-operation are welcome."· The in stallment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month is prov ing sa tisfactory. On this plan the absent comrade is prov idin g for the futu re while hi s brotl1ers and sisters on the hnd arc bearing th e bruni o f the pionee ring. social life grows mo re idcal as the colo ny in creases in number~. P SOUND FINANCING NECESSARY ERSONS cannot be admitted to residence at the colony upon the payment of $ 10.00 or any other sum less than the initial payment fcc. Hundreds write and suggest they be allowed to pay a small amo unt , or in some cases, nothing at all , then enter the colony and work o ut the remai nder of their shares. If the colony permitted this there would soon be a hundred thou· .and applica tions. The money derived from these initial paymen ts is used to pay for land, improvements machinery and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. It takes considerable time to bring a large agricultu ral undertaking to a productive point. The colony must proceed along sound fin ancial lines in order to continue it. Fam ilies entering the colony begin to draw from the commissary. Some of the food, <~ II the clothing. much of the material · they draw, costs money. The initial membership fcc goes to offset the support of families until the colony shall be on a paying · basis. W IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED HEN a member of the colony dies his shares and credits like any other property, go to his heirs. Only Caucasians are admitted. We have had applications from Negroes, Hindus, Mongolians and Malays. The rejection of these applica- · tions arc not due to race prejudice but because it is not deemed exped ient to mix races in th ese communities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific Railroad . All household goods and other shipments should be consigned to the name of the owner, Palmdale, California, care Llano Colony. Goods will be stored in the colony's warehouse until ordcr<;d moved to Llano. All shipments should be prepaid, otherwise they cannot be moved and storage or demurrage may be charged. Freight tra nsportation between the colony and �the station is by means of auto trucks. Passengers are carried in the colony" s auto stages. In shipping household goods, it will he well to ship only lighter goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and heavy articles should no t be shipped from points where freight rates are high. Individuals may own their own automobiles and many colonists d o own them. All livestock, poultry, etc., are kept in the depart· menls devoted to those industries. Th~ aim is to keep the r,,.idence portion of the colony clean and sanitary. DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES I I I il N conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inRexible rules and regulations the greate r the harmony. Instead of a n elaborate constitution and a set of law~ the colonis ts have a Declaration ·of Principles and they live up to the spirit o f them. The declaration follows : Things which arc used p roductively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over- those of ony individual. Liberty of ac tion is only permissible when it does no t restric t 1he libe rty of another. Law is a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community at large. Values created by the Community shall be vested in the Com:nunity a lone. The individual is not jus tly entitled to more land th an is suffi cient to satisfy a re asonable desire for peace and rest. Produc ti ve land held for profit shall no t be held by p rivate owne rship. Talent and intelligence a re gifts which should rightly be used in the service of o thers: The development of these by education is the gift of the Community to the individual, and the exercise of g rea te r abi lity entitles no ne to the false rewards of g reater possessions, but o nly to the joy of g reater service to o thers . Only by identifying his interests a nd pleasures with those of o thers can man find real happiness. The duty of the individual to the Community is to d evelop ability to the g reates t d egree possible by availing himself of all education a l facilities and to devo te the whole ex tent of tha t ability to the service of all. The duty of the Community to the individual is to administ<r justice, to elimina te greed and selfishne55. to educate all and to aid i\ ny in time o f age or misfortune . CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS M ANY persons who want to know h ow the a ffairs o f ill<' Llano del Rio Community arc conduc ted thin k. in o rd c·1 lo ge t this info rma tion. they tnt,isl secure it copy of it co;Jstitution a nd by -laws. There is no constitution. The Llano Com munity contents itself wi th a "declaration of principles" which j,. printed above. management of the Colo ny res ts with tlw board o f manage rs, a member of which is th e supe r;n tcnJcnl and his two assistants. These ma nagers arc selec ted fo r IIH'i1 fitness a nd abilit y. The business a nd fin ancinl a ffa irs o f th e cn tc1 prise are conduc ted by the board of direc tors who arc elec ted lov the s tockho lders. The corporation by-laws a rc the stereo typed co1 poration by-laws of almos t every ~ tate . The o nly innovation is in the rC's tric tin ~ o f anyone from \"Oting more than 2000 shc1rC'!'o of s tock. regardless of ho w ma ny shores a rc held. As this is to I><· th e ultima te holdin g of every member, this i• co nsidered a s trong protecti ve clause. The incorpo ra tion charte r is also the usual t yp~.. and gives the corpo ra tion the right to transac t almost all mannN o f business. llte Nevada corpora tion laws arc liberal. safe, anJ well construed. There is no disposition on thr part o f sta re o fficials to interfere. ·n,e COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT T HE LLI\NO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a rema rk able form of management tha t is the result of evolution. The management of the affairs o f the colony industries are in the hands of the vario us department managers. There are about twenty-fi\'c of these departments and in each department there a re di visions. Over some of these divisions are foremen. All these arc selected for their experience and fitn ess for th,c position . At the managers· meetings as many persons as can crowd in the room are always present. These meetings are held every night and they are unique in that no motions are ever made, no resolutions adopted and no minutes are kept. The last action on any matter supercedes all former action and this stands until the plans are changed. The plan is working most admirably and smoothly. At these nightly meetings the work for the next day is planned, learns arc allotted. workers are shifted to the point where the needs arc gr~alest. and machinery is put on designated \,•ork. transporta tion is arranged, wants arc made known and filled as ncar as practiablc. The board of directors, members of which are elected by the stockholders, meets once a week and has charge of the financial and business management of the enterprise. These direc tors arc on the same basis as all their comrades in the co lo ny. At the general assembly all persons o ver eighteen yea rs of age. rcsidin~ in the colony, have a voice and vote . WHAT COLONISTS ESCAPE T HE electric light bill, the wate r bill, the doc to r s bill, the d1ug bill, the telephone bill, the gas bill, the coal bill, the d entist's bill, the school book supplies bill, the sewer assessment bill. and car fare. the annoyance o f the back door peddler and beggar (Henry Dubbs who think the trouble is individual haft! luck). the hundred and one g reater a nd smalle r burdens o n the householder. and the lean weeks ca used by discmplo ymcn t and the co nseq uen t fear of the futur<'. The re is no la ndlo rd and no rent is ch arged. While they arc charged ·with living expenses, fo r food and cloth ing, the colonists ne ver_ fea r meeting the g rocery bill. the milk , the clothing bill, the laundry bill, the b ut ch r r"s bill. a nd o the r inevitable and multitudino us bills that burden the struggling workers . in the ou tside world. f or the tax bill h e ha s no fear. ·n,e colony officials a tt end to the d etails o f a ll overhead. T o co lo nists the amusements, sports, pas times, dances, ente rt a inrnC'nls ;m d a ll cqucat ional facilities are free. ·n,c Diroctors of the company are: J ob llarriman, p res ident : F rank E . \Vo lfe, vice-presiden t and a ssis tant secretary; C . P . McCorkle . treasu rer; F. P. McMahon, vice -presiden t ; \V. A. Engle. secretary; D. J . Wilso n. vicc-p rrs iclon t ; J. E. l3cum; .'\ . F. Snell. and Emma J . Wolfe. Llano InduStries and InStitutions Already Established New Ones are Constantly Being Added Oot·h;orJs Po ulry y ....d, Dra ft ing room Shoe >hop Laundry Cannery Habbitry Ga rdens Cr mmissa ry Print shop Post o ffice Cmnping g.-ounds Indus trial school ' Gramma r school W a rehouse Machine shop Blacksmith shop llvg raisin ~ fl rick prd Lu miJc ring M_a gazinc Newspaper Rug work!' Flour mill Souvenir cluh Planing mill Paint shop Bakery Fish ha tche ry Lime kiln Saw mill Barber ·shop Two w eekly dances Brass band Mandolin club Dai ry goa ts Orchestras (t wo) Dairy Cabinet >hop lh th. Sv\,·inuning pool Quartets Sc.cialist lora! Nursery Sludios Ho tel B.. scball l.rctu res hy visitors Cleaning Ga rage Alfalfa il!ld Dy,_.ing Montessori school Comme rcial classes Library �: : Information About The Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony T HIS is the greatest Community Enterprise ever launched in America. The colony was founded by Job Harriman and is situated in the bea utiful Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, California a few hours' ride from Los Angeles. The community is solving the problem of disemployment a nd business fa ilure, and offers a way to provide for the future welfa re of the workers and their families. Hen: is a n example of co-op<:ration in a ction. Llano del Rio Colony is a n ent e rpri se uniq ue in the history of community groups. It "''" estab lished in an a tt empt to sohe the problem of UIIC!Ilploymen t by providing steady employment for th e workc1 s ; assure sa fety a nd comfort for the future and for old <1ge; to guarantee educa tion for the childre n in thr best school under personal supervision a nd to provide a social life a mid surroundin gs better th a n Cil n he found in the competitive world. i\hout ROO persons a re residents of the new city of Llano. m <t kin ~ it the la rges t town in the Antelope Valley. More th an 200 pupils will a ttend the opening of the sc h oo l ~ thi s year. Plans are under consideration for hou sin g pupils in an eco nomical a nd very healthful manner. The Montesorri school. the largest in California, will J,e COJlt inucr1 as th e first step in the school system. Pupils will he taken throu gh the intermediate work and given High School tra inin g. During the ·summer a Vacation School ha s bee n conducted in which botany. domesti c sc iences. agriculture, biology, la nguages. practical fa nni ng a nd other subj ects h ave hee n ta ught in a ,·cry successful manner. Sc\'cml industries a rc being operated by the school. such ns Cil rin g for the chickens. milking goa ls a nd ga rdenin g. To please the children the school ha s been na med the S ierra Madre . colony. The boys huild hou se,;, fa rm a nd la ke· care of their own li\'c stock. The girls !t-arn sewing nnd cooking. The children feed a nd partly clo th theJmeh·es. R abbits. chicken . turkeys. hor,;es. goa ls. and ma ny pets arc o wned by the children . They lcnrn co-operatio n and de,·elop a sense of respon>ibilit . hc~ ides ha\'ing a good time a nd acg uiring an duc:nt io n. They luwc 65 ncrcs of ga rden now and next year they expect to ha ve more tha n !00 acres. T heir pouh r department will increase the present one thousa nd or more to 25,000 chickens. The colony owns a fine herd of l 05 J ersey a nd Hol>tcin ca ttle. besides about 80 head of young stock ranl'ting from ralve. to heifers a year a nd a half of age. The 75 work horses, large tractor. Caterpillar engine, three trurks. and numerous automobiles do the heavv work and the hauling. ·Thoroughbred Berkshire • Duroc-jerseys, and Poldnd China are in the hog pens. Experiments will. demonstrate which are the hest . uited to Uano. Stock will be kept pu·re and high prices will be commanded. About 200 head are now on hand. In the rabbitry are about 3000 Belgian and New Zeala nd Red rabbits. The number will be ultimately multiplied by about ten when qua rters are constructed to accommodate the increase. The nursery shows thousa nds of grape cuttings in the ground. and thousands of shade and fruit trees, as well as berries. Honey is a pa rt of each day's food supply. Bee colonies number 668 and are · in charge of expert bee men. Several thousand stands will be the number in a fc\\' years. They nre increa.sing ra pidly. Among the industries a re the la undry, printing plant, ca nnery, hot el. planing mill , saw mill. machine shop, rug weaving plant, fish hatchery, brick yard, lime kiln , a nd ma ny others. An ice plant, ta nnery and shoe factory are expected to be among colony industries soon. By acquiring the timber on a portion of the San Gii hriel Forest reserve from the United States government. the securin g of lumber for building is made easy. One million feet will be cut a t once. without injuring the forest. Fa rmin g on a large scale hy u,;e of modern machinery wi th ex perie nced fil rmers in cha rge of the different ac tivitie ~ Sa \'es lahor and expense a nd ga ins quick and sa tisfactory results. More ~;nde n will l,c planted each year, a nd each year's snccess "'ill lwcome more pronounced as the ada ptability of ditlerent species il nd the resources of the soil ilre better understood. Community· gardening is hi ghly sati sfactory. Soc ial life is delightful. The Llano baseball tea m has hecn ,·ictorious th roughout the valley. Dancing, swimmin ~. picnicking. camping. hunting, f1shing, a re popula r. Lla no boasts of a brass band and several orchest r;•s. Lit erary enlcrtainmc nh; are an esta blished fea ture. The :cvera l hundred acres now in a lfalfa a re to be increi1 >ed hy a t least 300 acres more this fall; the land is now being prepared. This yea r seve n cuttings are confirlently expected . Two orchards are producing. !\bout 400 acres in a ll a re now planted to trees. All ;ne doing extremely well a nd a re healthy and growing. More than 26,000 two-year old peach, pear and a pple trees were planted last spring. Six hundred a nd forty acres have been set aside for the new city to be built. The brick yard and the lime kiln are hath wnning. When it is considered time to go ahead. the construction of the new city wt11 be commenced. It will be different from any other in the world and will be unique. comfortable, sanita ry, handsome, home-like, modern. and harmonious with their surroundings. I I II '' ! _j �~·,;~=:::~=::::~~·~,~~~~~-~~:~:~·~· ~~~~~~~ ,~~~~~~, I August-September 1916 ISSUED SEPTEMBER 1Oth 1 916 Page Cove r Page By Dr. J ohn Dcquer. Showing a Scene a J ackson's La ke The Ga teway to Freedom __ ___ ____ ________ _ --------------- 2 The Soils of Ll~no 19 4 Feeding For Egg Produc tion....................... 19 /\ Synopsis o f the Bookle t o f the same name I nformation /\bout Llano __ ___ _____ __ ____ ------------- 6 Fron tispiece Reproduction o f )c,st mon th'.!' cover, !>ho, \·ing the hu ~c po lit ica l s i~n b uilt nr;n Llano by the coloni !' t ~ . 7 Eclitorial> Ry J ob Harriman. -·- ····-· --· · 10 Robert K. \Villiams takes his ,·isitot s into the bcauti · ful mo unt a in s and show s them the wonde rful rcc rcal · ion ~ ro u nd.!' Q \q1('(.1 by tht" rolony. Ll a no Grow> In Attrac tio n .. 12 Depic ting th e rapid g rowtll o f inJus trirs a t the Llano J cl Rio Co-opcrali>•c Colony. 14 The Llano Mon tessori l eacht~ r is conducting a school a ! the Exposition; she !ells aboul her wo rk there. The Llano Mo ntessori School. ............ ___ 15 Oliver Zo rnes. Que~tions a nd An swe rs About Lla no Colony .... 20 An At't Voca tion ............... .. ll1c second of a srri<'~ :1nd Music .. src tio n. Wha t Thinke r;. Think ..... . .............. 21 o f ar ticle s in thr ".:\rts .. ................. 22 S ubs tan ce o f le'a d ing 'n rticlcs Ill lcading lllil\!i\Zincs. News of the World ......................................... 23 Boiled do 1m lo the fewe• I words possible. The Co-ope ra tive Commo nwealth . .. ..... 24 By Clinton Bancroft. J ottings of Juliu s.. .24 .. ... .... 25 Vic tor Be rger on His RecalL ......................... 26 A S tra nge Re fe rendum ............ .... .... ................ 26 By Florence Pie r Griffi th Character ---- ---- ------------------- ------· -·-·--- ---·----···---- 15 By Rober! K. Williams. By A. Cons tance A us tin. who thing new tO think abo u t. Zor~~~-.:- ................ ................... .. The Growth of Co-opera tion .. . With Prude nce Stokes Brown At San Diego... Natural Law In The Home By Wesley By S tatis ti c;')! ;tnd o the-r ln formaiion A T ri p To Llano Springs__ Page The Air We Brea the ....................... ....... ............ 18 With tl1e Hustle rs......................... .. ............ ...... 27 A Letter from He nry Va n Arsda le ................... 28 --- --- ---------· 16 g ives the rcaJ cr some- Letters from Colonists........ ....... .............. ....... 29 W ha t Our Visitors Say ___ ...... ....................... 29 Of Inte rest To Women.. 17 l n tf' rrs tin~ lc ttr rs from those· who h ave be~n to Llano. Our Next Issue The Next Number of The Western Comrade will be Issued about OCtober 1Oth (jj Si nce the WESTERN COMRADE is now es tablished in it s own home a t Lla no . it is hoped to issue each numbe r qn time. a nd in fu tu re you may look for your magazine a bout the tenth of each mon th . (jj Yo u will a lso notice an improvement in t he quality a nd gel-up of its co nte nt s from month to month that will please you . NOW is the tim e to subsc ribe fo r yourself or friend. : : =: : ::: -: : :=-=:=:=:=; :: �i\t Llano, 800 Socialists a re building the commonwealth of economic freedom . T hey own iheir industries. their land and its resources. T hey are succeedin g. They offer you the opportunity to become a member in the ~~realest of all co-operative enterprises, the most complete eve r established. THIS PICTURE LLANO SOCIALISTS ru n on the cover page of the last issue o f the WESTERN COMRADE gained the a pproval of Socialists for the builders of the sign. Buill lh is t\2. ton permanent poli tical card of roc ks and houldt·r:>. 200 g<tllons of Llano-made whitr\vnsh makes. it v i ~iblr for I\\Tn :y Dimensions : 220 feel long. 190 feel deep. miles. :md legible for f.ve mile,. Time req ui red lo btiild, 610 hours. Seen each week by 6000 tourists on the So uthern Pacif1c railroad. �P ol itic a l Acti on Co-operation Dir ec t Action The We-s tern Comrade Devo .ted to the Cau se of the .. Worker s _;cc_:--~--- LLANO, CALIFORNIA , AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 1916. Editorials " THERE is nothin g to arbitrate." "We have no proposal to make." We demand our pound of flesh . We mu st have ten hours of energy from three hundred thou;and men each and every day. This is our ri ght ful tribute. "'athing short of thi s will suffi ciently multiply our power and supply our lux11ries. We demand the police . th e militi a, a nd the stand in g army for our protection. The law. th e law - we dema nd our rights under the law. What is th e matter with a new law? Are billions of doll a rs nf property more sac red than hundred s of thou sa nds of hum an lives? Is property more sac red th a n the li ves th at produce it ? The police, th e militi a, the a rmy to enforce the law. Why not a new law? The owners are few. The producers ;ne many . Make a new law - Congress! Put all transporta tion un der e~ overn ment ownership. The few have had enough , they ,.:ill go their way. The many will rejoice in the fruits of th eir labor. The a rm ed force of the nation . fr ee from th e stain of a hlood sac rifi ce. will rest in peace. - aF all th e ridiculou s notions th at ever ra n rampant 111 the Social ist Pa rty , the mo st ridiculou s is the dema nd th a t Victor L. Berger be reca ll ed. Recalled for what? Recalled for advoca tin g th e "Prepa redn ess of th e work in g class". The shade s of Marx and En gels hav e often had rea son to tu rn over a nd groan , but today heave n is resoundin g with ·crea ms of "Vas ist .... O A - Q--' BOUT one year ag:l the Commissioner of corpora tion s got out a report against the Ll a no del Rio Colony which wa s un-precendented in the hi story of corporate experience. Probably no other company in the state of Cal ifornia could have withstood the blow. Had the report been true we could not ha ve lived three month s. The fact that we have lived an d a re thriving should be sufficient to open the eyes of all our comrades and cause them to rally to th.e work with a determination to make this colony a great winner. We are here working out the principles of co-operation wi th such success th a t all comers marvel at our wo rk. Nos. 4 and 5 By Job Harriman The Commissioner's report is bein g secretly se nt broadcast all over the country. Who furnishes the money a nd who are the culprits we are un able to learn. T hi s mu ch is true, th at there a re capita lists interes ted in the ruin of thi s colony. They may as well abandon such hope. Those who ha ve been decei1·ed have wait ed a nd waited for our demise until the repm·t has become as tedious as a twicetold tale, a nd no lon ge r inspires fear and apprehension, but only disgust for its a uthor. The reac tion has set in a nd more letters of in quiry are bein g rece ived, and more prospects are coming th a n eve r before in the hi story of Ll a no. -oUR social problems a re as important. as fa r-reaching and as vita l as those pertaining to our economic welfare. Under ca pitalism we possess a ll characteristics that are developed by th e consta nt clashin g of ever-conflict ing interests. We a re forced to fi ght each other for th e opportun ity to struggle with nat ure. The stru gg le with our fellows becomes so keen th at every conceiva ble advantage is take n. Honor ceases to pla y a part; dece ption, fraud and trickery become the rul e of ac tion ; th e successful become arroga nt and feel a social superio ri ty; and the norm al, hum a t1e ai1d affectionate im pul ses. a re .transformed, fir st into feelin gs of aversion and repu gnance, a nd fin ally into jealousy, hatred and revenge. Out of this maelstrom spring such characteristics as are fo und necessa ry for survival. Under thi s brutal and relentless st ruggle these traits have become more or less in grained in our characters a nd dispositions. Under thi s influence man ofttim es becomes so hard and brutal to his fellows that his heart ceases to pl ay a ny part in the a ffairs of hi s li fe . In order th at our lives may be normal, that our minds and hear ts may act na turally in a ll our affa irs, two funda mental proposition s are necessary. First: An equal ownership in all the social means of produ ction. Second: a n eq ual income. F re-m these two condition . if es tablished, a n en tirely different civilizatio n would a ri se. The first proposition would elimina te a ll conAicting interests . The second would eliminate a ll unequal social a nd edu -:ational ad ·<a ntages. Both proposition s would develop a co mmunity interest. unify the public force. permit a united a nd unrestricted O �Page eight EDITORIALS struggle with nature, establish a COitd oi sympathy between all, and open a way for the heart to function in the affairs of man. As conditions now are, each is for himself. His power in the community is measured .by what he takes and holds from the community and uses for the gratification of his whims and his ambitions. · Under the latter state, his power would be measured by the service he rendered to the community and to individuals. One condition develops selfishness, greed, hatred, jealousy, ;.;,bition and all the animal characteristics. The other develops generosity, affection, mercy, gentleness, love. mora l courage and all the characteristics· of a citizen inspired by a social passion ·a nd a n aspiration" to serve the community and his fellow men. Do you q uestion this deduction? Come to Llano and see. --oHE failure of the America;! farmer to co-opera te, as they do in Europe, is being sorely lamented. Do not fear; be patient. Nature is relentless, co-opetation a mon g the farmers will follow their hardships and fin ancial distresses as naturally a nd as certainly as wolves assemble in The small animals packs after the fall ing of hea vy snows. are covered a nd co ncealed by the snow a nd the wolves are compelled to band together and jointly attack a nd devou r more powe rful prey. The manipulators of the ma rkets a nd of finance ~ re snatching from the fa rmers the fruits of their labors as effectually as the snow conceals the food from the wolves. The farmers are thus forced to unite, not only in co-operative production. but also for th!' joint control of their markets a nd of their fina nce. Necessity knows no sentiment. It speaks to men and wolves a like. Unite- become efficient--or die. This is na tlne's ma ndate. Time is given. The pressure comes slowly but irresistibly. The mandate is decisive. --oN the days of the Revolution, jefferson was the man of the .hour. Hamilton was a .theorist born out of due season. The one stood for states rights, the other for the concentration of power in a highly centra lized government. The theory of the one conformed to,. and was consistent with. the interests of practically the entire population. who were engaged in an infinite variety of widely diversified · and undeveloped industries. The theory of the other was inconsistent with the popular interests of that period, but gradually became practicable as the industries grew from handicraft into machine production and passed from individual control, .first into partn ership, then into corporate, and lastly into trust control. In those days therP. was no interdependent relation nor vital connection between the industries, or commercial interests of the va rious states; hence stales rights a nd locai :;el f-~overn­ ment. Today all the states are ·bound together, both by railroads . T I The Western Comrade and by the ~entralization of all the large industries under cor-.. porate or trust. control; hence interstate commerce laws. It is the i~dustries of a country, their magnitude, their uses· and abuses thai determine · what the laws of that country shall be. As the industries and interests become ~ational, the laws become national. The laws always follow but do not precede the industry . . Power, whether industrial or otherwise, ~s most efficient when concentrated. Hence the -ever-present, irresistible tendency toward centralization. The laws of a country merely describe the operation of this power. The development of law therefore, is determined by the industrial development. In those days Congress had only such power as was granted by the Constitution, while the state legislatures had all power except as far as it was restricted by the respective state Constitutions. The~e Constitutional provisions were founded upon the theory that the people in each state possessed all power and that the state legislature was, in fact, the people in mass assembled, except where power was withheld, for actual popula r vote. Congress had no inherent power, but was compelled to acquire all its power by grant from the people. In those days this theory was true in fact, because the industries were small and local in character, and w_ere controlled by the individual in each locality. Today that theory does not apply. The energy of the people is being- absorbed by and exerted through national industries. Hence Congress in its legislation does not wait · for new grants of power, but unconsciously assumes the power, when it defines by law how the energy of the people is being directed by means of the national industries. In those days jefferson's theories were right: today they are wrong. In those days Hamilton's theories were wrong: today they are right. Shall we then say that Hughes is right and Wilson wrong? It would be far nea rer the truth to say that they are both wrong . It is true tha t states rights are being forced out, and a highly centralized government is being forced in, by the mge of industrial development. But we must not forget that this indus· trial power still Aows from the muscl~s of the people, and IS generated in the blood of each individual. In times of peace this industrial power of the people is static. a nd its operation through industries, is defined by our civil laws. In times of civil war this power becomes dynamic and cease~ to flow from man to the industries, but is directed against both the industries and their manipulators. This change of attitude by the people arises out of the abuse, by the manipulators. of the industrial power. Such a struggle is now on in the railroad industry. The . clash of interest will force the -railroads to function more for the popular interest than they have perviously don.e. This will �The Western Co , mrad -e EDITORIALS Le defined by law. Thus the public force operates finally to the end that the energy of the producing public be conserved. Failing in this, revolutions follow. It is apparent, therefore, that the centralization of power· will irresistibly persist; that its operations will become ·manifest in a highly centralized government; that our national laws wili foHow, describing its operations; that the abuses, together -...itn the manipulators will be eradicated, and the fruits of the industry v..:ll be used to conserve the energy of the people from which the industry draws all its power. Concentration of power and centralization of government, result in efficiency. Distribution of benefits and conservation of the energy of the producers, result in solidarity and peace. Whichever party follows these fundamental tendencies will win permanent and abiding victories. -o-OOSEVELT has gone into the "silence." May its JOYS com fort. console and susta in him there forever. R C - 0- RIME I What is crime ? Is it not the ext reme infringement on human rights? Is not the taking of human life, rega rdless of how it is taken, the most heinous of all crimes~ Whitt a familia r word is crime. what divergence of opinio•1 regarding its meaning! Wha t crowns of glory rest upon the brows of the powerful. and how many hearts are broken and lives cru shed beneath their iron heel. Whot:ver wins the crown by committing a crime will always interpret the act as a virtue. Every added jewel confirms him in his interpretation . until fin ally it becomes a cOI1viction. The dazzling gold and sparkling jewels, with all the power they represent, cha rm the thoughtless a mong the multitude, until they, too, accept the criminal act as a matter of necessity. With their eyes rivetted on the pomp a nd pride of power, they overlook the trail of human gore and forget that the dead along that trail, literally starved to . death because of robbery a nd violence. The fruits of these criminal acts are seen in the palaces and mansions a nd castles of the rich, appointed with ebony and pearl , with tapestry and costly jewels. The development of each fortune leaves a trail strewn with the dead and dying. Each mansion is a tombstone in the midst of a potter's field. Look as far as you may, you will see in every direction the little grave slabs sticking up with skull and crossbones. looking from them, each glaring at the mansion. By the side ollhe little graves are standing another multitude of helpless human beings bowed down and submitting to the magnificent stlendor, and brilliant .display of power. There they stand- hungry, starving, ·withering, crying for bread-dying. Look-the Standard Oil company is now in the midst of an act of piracy, by which it will rob the' state of California of five million acres of rich oil land. Senator Phelan has pre~ pared the bill by which the title will pass. As a public domain it ·would feed men, women and children Paae nine in untold thousands for generations to come. Now it will build palaces and glut the greed of the billionair.e , while human _ beings starve. Why do the masses not .revolt against this wholesal~ slaughter? Ah! the crim.e is so stupendous, it~ ostentation so magnificent, its ever-present p~m,p and power so ·overwhelming, that we do 110t··~omprehend it, and henc~ we think it virtt~e. --o:- . . HE world war has made world women: · It has snatched her from domestic dependence and submission, and placed her in the field of production, and in the affairs of ~tate. She no longer eats out . of the hands of man, but. feeds him while he is in the field of battle. When entirely dependent she looked up. to him in fear and trembling, and almost always lived a life of submission, too often to brutal, unconscionable and vicious demands. Never again will she crouch and tremble. She will stand on her own feet, look him square in the face, and command hini with her lo"e, instead of being commanded by a rod of .iron. Never again will she return to the old domestic cage. It is crushed and cast aside forever. The bird has flown . The !teart of the "war bride" is broken. She is looking down ~pon a "man-made world" with grief and sorrow: but also with visions of hope and love. Out of this cataclysm of blood and destruction will arise the angel of peace, the woman's heart, the world's heart, and by its inspiration, its tender and loving influence, we will be lifted from the depths into a new life, where each will live for all, and all for each. -o-AN may be a brute to the woman when she eats out of his hand. Man must be gallant to the woman who lives by her own hand. --o:ROM our very beginning the feelings seem to be the birthplace of our intellectual processes and the source fr~m which life's urge proceeds. When the babe becomes ·uncomfortable it cries. The mother relieves it and it coos. Again it becomes uncomfortable and again the process is repeated. Thus life continues from pain to pleasure until conscious wants deyelop, p rsisting ever toward their gratification. Between these two poles, pain and relief, desire and gratification lie all our hopes, our happiness, our accomplishment, our failures and our disappointments. Without relief from pain, death must come; hence the· terrible effects of prolonged poverty. Without discomfort, correcting virtues do not develop, but only greed, ambition and passion impel men; hence the baneful effects ·of great wealth. The middle ground only is good. Where pain is met with power to relieve; wh~re wants are met .with power to gratify : them Teasonably; then hope is inspired, the mental processes become normal, wants become sane, the head clear, the heart sweet, and the man is saved and m~de whole, T M F �ABoui THE LLANO The ' A Trip To Llano Springs W that the possessions of the Llano del Rio Colony extend far and wide, and development work is going on at so many different places, we will have to introduce a sort of itinerary so that when friends come, they will be acqainted with the trips, the things· to be seen and the progress of development on the way. Mountain trips are always interesting, especially if the road is good and the scenery inspiring. This month let us take you over what I shall call the Mountain trip, or the trip to Llano Springs·, to the headwaters of the Big Rock, the source of irrigation and domestic waters for the colony lands. Montessori School We take the automobile from the hotel porch at-Llano, after breakfast and having remarked on the beautiful morning, the sunrise and the mysterious mirages, which come at t\is time of year, enlj'!r the chugging car and speed out the gate, and soon arrive at the Goodwin ranch, the Home of the Children, or the Montessori school, perhaps the largest in the state. As the sG.hool has been frequently described in more or less detail, hut always imperfectly because to understand the Montessori method it has to be lived and observed, we will pass it by with the observation that the Goodwin ranch was the first headquarters of the Colony. It was here that great plans for the future now so beautifully fructifying were laid, and those that lived and dreamed there always think and speak of "when I lived at the Goodwin ranch," etc. We pass through life nonchalantly and do not as a rule think that we are building up experiences till a comparison is demanded. Thus it is in regard to the Goodwin place; the memories it recalls are der;:ply graven in the hearts of the first settlers. Sierra Madre Colony We now come to the boys' and girls' colony-, called the Sierra Madre colony, where so many things are going and so much hoped for. It is here that the first absolutely free industrial school in this country has been established. The boys and girls, under George T. Pickett's able management, are working out the farming and industrial problems incident to ranch and civic life. They have elected foremen and managers of the various departments, and are succeeding admirably. Pickett says it is easy to get boys and girls to co-operate. [heir minds are in a pliable condition and readily receive impressions and will follow a suggestion until they make a new discovery. This new type of education is one of discovery continuously performed-very different from the old method. Old Tighlman Place Hurrying on past the Sierra Madre colony, with its groups of tents, adobe structures. rabbits. chickens. horses, turkeys, wild cats, road runners, and coiling snakes {all in pens), we reach the old Tighlman place. now valuable property of the_Colony. Recently By Western Robert K. Comrade Williams .1 new addition has been made and dinner is now ~erved to the men who work on the upper part of the ranch. About twenty or ·thirty take their mid-day meals there. Also, tired guests, tramping through the orchards and gard~ns, can be served at a charge of thirty-five cents per meal. A goodly number of big shade trees hide the building and three tents adorn the front yard. Site for Permanent Homes Crossing the Tighlman ditch, we enter the townsite, which has been described many times. It is here that our ideal city is to be built. At the present time twenty odd foundations have been dug and rock are laid in some, while four foundations of sand, lime and rock are down. From here a fine view of the sweeping valley can be secured. When the day is clear, as is usually the case, the site of Mojave city can be seen, forty-five miles to the north, the green trees at Willow Springs, also the line of trees at Lancaster, thirty miles away, and the mound indicating Palmdale. On past the waving flag indicating the center of the miLesquare city, we swerve to the right and soon come to the colony of bees, the first and original co-operators, which the colonists here are trying to emulate in their human way. We measure the output of the bees by the ton, and tell the eager visitors that the Colony now co!}sumes about a ton a month. Upper Intake Soon we come to the declivity approaching the "upper intake" and when that is reached the clear waters of the Big Rock, now ·a t its lowest, is crossed with a flying spume on each side of the auto. The clearness of the Big Rock waters never fails to elicit delighted exclamations. Important Work A short distance above the ford a very important work is going on in the development of bed rock water which will add materially to the present stream. A sump has been dug to bed rock and pumps are installed which throw a constant flow into the Big Rock ditch. Sump Waters--Tunnel Portal After answering numerous questions relative to the depth to bed rock, the amount of water submerged and possible of development, etc., we hasten on to the tunnel and quench our thirst with limpid water. The tunnel is a constant surprise to the visitor. So it is mentioned that the tunnel is three-quarters of a mile in length and was dug for the purpose of developing more water and possibly for the avoidance' of seepage and evaporation from a stream they planned to divert from a dam, three - quarters of a mile higher up. This work was done by the early German settlers twenty-five years ago, ill a cost of $65,000. Dam Site Inspires Questions Llano Is n - Town That Is Different The dam site proper is the next point uf interest and the curious �The Western Comrade ideas of how a dam should be constructed are interesting and amusing. One woman wanted to know how the water should be dammed, below or above the dam. One man was disgusted to learn that we contemplated putting in a concrete core and then washing dirt down against it on a long slope so that the weight of water would be on the bottom of the dam instead of against the core. After thinking it over for a considerable length of time he said: "If you people think a dirt dam will hold you~re badly fooled." It was explained that concrete probably would be used. All to no purpose, he positively said: "Nothing but cement will hold that body of water." Dam Basin and Shady Road Entering the auto, we proceed up the winding stream over the basin of the Big Rock. The road is good and the early morning odors from the thick vegetation intimately recall other scenes. Soon we are riding under and along the umbrageous alders of the Valyermo ditch and cross the Big Rock again and plunge into another overgrown road and pass the old Shoemaker ranch on the feft, and continue up the swiftly rushing waters of the Big Rock. Turns and ragged rocks loom up every few rods and it takes the entire attention of the chauffeur to pilot the car around the narrow ledges. At times the grandeur of the towering mountains is almost lost in fear that the car will plunge into the waters below, but as nothing like this ever happens we continue to enjoy the up-hill, twisting ride. Numerous camping places are seen and during the summer dozens of camps are established by people from Los Angeles and elsewhere. Punch Bowl Spirits just before reaching Old Point Comfort, a mmmg camp club house established years ago for the accommodation of the men working in the Big Horn mine on North Baldy, the Devil's Punch Bowl looms into view. This is a giant rock about fiveeights of a mile in height, one and three-quarters of a mile long. It stands in solitary majesty against the green of the tall Sierra Madre behind. On the top is a circular hole, fantast ically called the Devil's Punch Bowl. It is here at midnight elves, wraiths and spirits come and go. Their swishing sounds as they rush about can be heard by the timorous. The dark of the moon is propitious for them and each tree and shrub speaks softly of their mysterious preseRce. Gold Was Packed · Once the Hatchery road was used by burros to carry goldbearing rock across the plains to the railroad. Since better transportation has been made in the San Gabriel Valley, the Big Horn shunts its gold that way. New Scenic Road There has been talk for a long time that a road will pass by the Devil's Punch Bowl into. the San Gabriel Valley and thence to Los Angeles, which will cut the distance from Uano to the latter place some forty miles. Should this road be put in one of the most picturesque and senic driveways in America will have been made. The views from the craggy heights are magnificent and the rugged canyons awe one into silence. Hard On Tires From Old Point Comfort camp to the springs is 2Y2 miles. It is a continuous, up-hill pull and very rough. Few drivers care to make the trip. It is ferociously biting on tires. For the pass,engers, however. the trip is worth while. Soon a great red rock looms up and below its shadow stands the Hatchery Inn, so-cal!ed, in a conditiQn of disrepair due to the violence of a twister tearing ·down the gu'!ch last year. Colonisls Enjoy Swimming Pool and Balh House Mr. and Mrs. £ddy always greet the visitor cordially and extend hospitality and the party alights and begins a tour of inspection. Possessions at The Springs The Colony owns 160 acres at the Springs. Agriculturally it doesn't amount to much, but from a scenic point of view and as a water source, it is re:narkable. In a basin covering about thirty acres water bubbles up in many places and Bows into a common stream. The tangled mass of vegetation and trees is bewildering, and without a path progress through it would be impossible. Here is an ideal spot for a summer resort, which Robert Mandel, one Qf our members now in' San Francisco, is very anxious to establish .. Begins Fish Industry Mr. Eddy is establishing a real fish hatchery. At the present time he is at work on a stone structure 26x36 feet, for hatching purposes, and the work on six or eight 4x I0 feet pools for the little fish will soon be started. There are but a few hun• dred ten-inch trout now in the pool. Other pools will be built on a terrace to take care of the finny tribe. Eddy's experience in raising fish warrants me in saying that he will be able to solve the fish problem for the Colony as well as establish a commercial proposition. Climate Salubrious The climate at the Springs is even and the scenery rugged and grand. One can sit on the benches placed in the shrubbery here and there and drink in the beauty of the soft green haze of verdure. So entrancing is the spell, it is hard to tear away and start on the return trip to 'the Colony, which is negotiated in much quicker time that the up trip. The trip to the springs is rough and rugged but never· fails to leave a pleasant memory in the mindi of the visitor. �The Page twdve Llano Grows Western • In Attract i 0 n LANO continues to be the mecca of visitors. Without exception they are impressed with what they ~ee. Very few fail to say that it is bigger and better than they have been led to believe. The broad sweep of the valley is, of course, impressive; the spaciousness here impresses those from the east and middle west; the mountains to the south, towering and majestic, grip the mind. However, it is not these things that hold the practical visitor. He sees tilled fields , orchards growing, and industries in operation. Further he sees and constantly remarks on th~ absence of fa cia! marks of worry. L Distinguished Visitor It was gratifying to have an experienced man like Walter Huggins of Chicago visit us and actually marvel at the things done at Llano. He went over and over the things accomplished and asked question upon question as to how it was done. Walter Huggins is a past master of co-operation and can see as far into the complex problems of such an effort as any man in the country. Ll ano is proud of having the end o r s e m e n t and friendship of Comrade Huggins. 8 y R. K. were it not for the principle that the Socialists have long smtght to establish--co-operation. One-Sided The trouble with the present system is that it is one-sided. We have social production and absolute anarchy and selfishness in distribution. We are trying to emulate the capitalists in production, that is, by increasing the efficiency in social production, and at the same time trying to tuach the trenchant lesson that we can distribute what we produce with fairness. Future Bright Any thinking man or woman will realize the utter impossibility of introducing a thorough system of co-operation until conditions elsewhere are equal~ Outside conditions are contributing to Llano's success. We have started something that cannot be stopped; we have gone too far for that. Happiness Object The aim of life is happiness, or ought to be. All our efforts are direded to that end and the effort is joy in itself. The colonists of Llano are not working for today. but for tomorrow, and when tomorrow comes a new task and a new joy awaits us. Co-operation Succeeds Llano is putting into effect the principles of Socialism- that is co-operation . Whether the outside world admits it or not, we are succeedin g on a scale more magnificent than heretofore attempted. The time is more propitious, of course, than ever hefore . Views of Llano's Cannery. Cabinel Only the weight of mortgages and the shackles of hills hold the sturdy farmer, mechanic a nd professional man to the farm, factory and office. We know from correspondence with comrades in desperation, in all parts of the country, that the lands of Llano would be quickly covered with people. working to a common end, were it physically possible to break away from the old ties - the ties that bind indeed. Speak Well- A Duty It behooves every comrade loyal to the cause of co-operation to speak well and, if possible, become interested in the men ~nd women here who are setting the beacon light upon the h1ll s. Practical? - Yes Lla no represents the most practical thin g in the world--cooperation. Every war proves it. The present cataclysm proves it a thousand times. No such mass could be handled w i II i a m s Service is Test Contentment is not found in possession or acquisition, Capitalism has taught this code for ages. China fought in the throes of profit systems for Shop, Planing Mill and Prinl Shop thousands of years, and the happiest man who emerged was Confucius. His life was one of givmg, contin11ally gi.ving. The givers stand like Himalayas down the vista ol history. Thus Llano as a whole, is giving to the world something great that will be recognized as time chisels the lesson into relief. The happiest man is he who serves. Unselfish service is the test of character. Llano stands unafraid and faces the future with visions and hopes that cannot be swerved. Plans for Ranch Each department of the ranch has agreed upon a policy in regard to future eonstructive work. The policy was endorsed at a joint session of the board of directors and the board of managers, and later the general assembly was apprised of the things under contemplation and general satisfaction and approval was mani fested. This program as announced, will hear repetition. All the land which is avai lable is to be planted to alfalfa this year. �T h e Wes ern Page thirteen Comr,ade Ditches Changes at Rabbitry Subject to the engineers' approval, water is to be taken into the tunnel at the damsite, and from i.ts portal to the intake of the Hubbard ditch and east to the townsite, in a practical ditch carrying 2000 inches. From there in cobblestone ditches, north past the Tighlman place, also past the Wicklein ranch fo the hotel at the present townsite and fmm the dairy barn west to the Dawson eighty, and thence north to the north Dawson eighty. Also such other ditches as are necessary to connect land to be irrigated with the main ditches. It takes but a glance to see the wisdom of this practical program. Seepage will be largely .eliminated. Permanent ditches are a definite asset. More than 2200 feet of excellent ditch has been constructed on the Hubbard place. With no untoward circumstances intervening, several miles of lime cemented cobble ditches will have been completed by spring. A great change is going on in the rabbit departplent under Manager Kilmer. He became so crowded for space, that it became impossible to do justice to the rapidly increasing rabbit family. From a total of over 3000 rabbits, he has gradually reduced to 1600, and has refrained from breeding them. Carefully selected young does will fill the hutches of the new pens, which are being constructed out of the two chicken houses close to his present quarters. About 600 new and up to date hutches will contain the does, which, in addition to the present quarters, will enable Kilmer to rear and care for several thousand. Comment on the prolific nature of the rab·bit is unnecessary. . Experience has taught that it is impracticable to allow the does to breed more than four times a year, as vitality is depleted rapidly by consecutive rearing of young .. Enriching Crops As a ground enriching and food value crop, vetch and peas are to be planted on the Kidd place. The planting of beets for general utility on the Bixby and Young orchards has been endorsed. It is also agreed to seed to vetch, peas, and red oats the land where beans are now growing. Hogs and Cattle For reasons given by practical dairymen and stockmen, it is agreed that the Holstein breed of cows can be developed from the present dairy herd. and that also a Shorthorn breed be sought for if the expected Llano's Laundry. Bakery. and start can be secured. It was the consensus of opinion that the hog department be left in the hands of those now in charge, and that the Duroc-jersey breed be developed as rapidly as possible. Excellent results have been obtained in the hog department under john Will and Dr. Capron, the veterinary. Plenty of pure water and carefully selected scraps from the kitchens contribute largely to keeping the hogs healthy. Dances Popular Probably more good dancers .can be found in Llano than in any town of similar size in the country. The dancing school started on Thursday evenings several months ago has been the means of making almost every youngster in the colony a graceful dancer. These dances continue popular and are a constant source of surprise to the vi$itor. The Saturday night dances have not waned in interest. The populace turns out en masse, and trips the "light fantastic" till near midnight. Sunday Evening Exercises Sunday evening is devoted to literary and musical exhibitions. News of the world, developments on the ranch, and reports of the managers are read from the platform. This will continue until the regular weekly, the LlANO COLONIST, is published. Surprising talent has been shown by contribut<:>rs to the programs, and a large audience is always assured, Apiary is Important One of the little thought about, but most important, departments of the ranch is the apiary, under Comrade B. G. Burdick. As has been frequently remarked, we measure our honey by the ton, which is served in bulk to the commissary. The colony has used for some time about a ton a month. Starting with 150 hives less than two years ago, he has increased to more than 700 hives and made them self-supporting. The bulk of the bees are at Riverside and Redlands, in order to get the perennial bloom of those places. Only a small colony is here. During the early year a wide variety of flowers and bloom offer Rug Shop Are Efficient. succulent feed for these active workers. Mr. Burdick's little auto truck is continually in use carrying supplies to, and products from , his colonies. More Vegetables The colony will go over the winter with considerably more vegetables and fruit than last year. Contracts with old and established orchards nearby have given us many tons of pears, apples and peaches. . Cannery Working The cannery is now actively at work canning fruit. The garden stuff has not yet begun to arrive. judging from the amount of fruit on hand, and that to come, the cannery will be a very busy place for some time. Milk Supply About seventy cows are being milked. Between 840 and II 00 gallons of milk is turned into the creamery weekly. About I 00 head are on the range in the mountains. Sierra Madre Colony The Sierra Madre colony, composed of the boys and girls, is ~nder the management of George T. Pickett. More than sixty acres of garden has been turned over to the school for cultivation and the work done is excellent. The boys and girls are rapidly learning how to plow, harrow, cultivate and irrigate, plant, sow and gather. Injurious bugs, insects and worms are gathered and studied, much to the edification of the children. Competent instructors attend the classes and great interest is being manifested in the work. ~ .. '.! ' 0 • ;.~. 0 0 . �Paae fourteetl -l J EDUCATION The Western Comrade With Montessorians at San Diego ?f ~position park, in drawers, places at table, etc. They then adjusted themselves a pretty, nregular clearmg m a dense grove of without one cry or tear for mother and home. Fourteen eucalyptus trees, with leaves as their only window small children without the previous eight months of Moncurtains and under a ceiling of deep, unpainted blue, tessori training would have provided a large problem for Mrs. a band of twenty-five San Diego youngsters-from 2Yz to 6 Brown and her competent house mother, but the fourteen years old-play five days a week at the fascinating, fanciful Llano children assisted at every turn in working out the game of self-education. problem of settling themselves in the new home and in the Almost in the midst of tremendous activities, but as tho- daily and hourly ·care ·of themselves, with such intelligence roughly removed from all distracting influences as though they . and efficiency as to win for themselves the admiration of all were, as they seem, in the heart of a wide, dense forest, the the neighbors round about. They inspire these same neightwenty-five young pupils play at work or work" at play for bors with- a determination to study and . observe the Monsix hours a day under the Montessori system of.child educa- tessori method, as it is now being demonstrated. tion. Begins at 9 a. m. The unwalled, unroofed school room is almost a magical Physical exercise is first on the program of the day. _ It place. - It is situated at the end of a pretty, winding path that vanishes there. Only those who are searching for this has been found that this prevents and cures colds and similar school can find it and when they do find it they are awed and ailments. Secondly, each pupil, armed with a dust cloth of bright color, goes over the study materials and puts them in inspired as at a glimpse into fairyland. Nap time after luncheon. From one o'clock to two the proper shape for the day. Then, with didactic materials of little ones all rest. At • varied kinds, ·the that time, if one does , - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - ---, whole school "studnot know the place ies" for an hour and and its surroundings, a half. Any posture, it will appear ar. if any method, within Silence bewitched. certain wide limits, is broods over everyallowed. Comfort thing except the and interest are aimbirds in the trees. ed at by the instrucFor that is the time tors. Thereafter, when school "rests" there is "work" of or "takes its nap." muscular nature, deOn their work signed to rest bodies tables and bench~s. and minds that for an hour in the might possibly be of their middle fatigued from the school day, every didactic studies. pupil rests noiselessBalance and Poise ly, whether asleep or Taught not, for a solid hour. One of Llano"s Greatest Achievements- Its Montessori School. That is an important To the music of a part of the curricuviolin the bare-headlum and is strictly observed. When the visitor happens along ed "babes in the wood" march around an oval path, keeping at that time, true, a curly and_sleepless head or two will raise always at the edge of a scantling imbedded therein. For balever so slightly and peer about, but there is never a sound ance and poise they carry drinking glasses with colored waters. until a little one having finished his nap, rises and begin; The object is not to spill a drop. It is not to drink. There silently folding his blanket. Others soon follow hi~ example, is good training in this exercise, according tt> Montessori. while some sleep on. A luncheon of soup, sandwiches and salads comes at noon. The Montessori school has been in session :n the Exposition. Each tot visits the kitchen where etiquette, not rigorous, but · under the auspices of the San Diego Montessori Educational not lax, is observed. Association since June 1st, with Mrs. Prudence Stokes Brown Few Rules for Pupils as directress. It started with fourteen children from the Llano There are as few "musts" and "must nots" as possible in Montessori school, who went with Mrs. Brown to San Diego, Montessori training. There are many "will yous" and "pleases" and helped, by their physical and mental poise and self-con- and "wouldn't you like tos." trol, to attract a great deal of intelligent attention to the MonLearning to read is not a part of the Montessori training. If tessori method and to Mrs. Brown's project-the open air the pupil learns it is all right; if not, all right. They play with Exposition school that should demonstrate the Montessori letters and sound them and draw them until some day they system of education. • just start to read. The school is a success and has been from the first day th~t A Word About the Llano Children Llano's sturdy little band of Montessorians arrived in San After the long auto ride from Llano to San Diego, these Diego. Mrs. Brown declares that she has never spent such a little ones, none over six years of age, entered a strange house, delightful summer and that she credits th;s wonderful success l~~ed a~ut an~ w~re shown their respe~tive beds, drener to the freeclom ~iven her in workin~ oqt th~ methoci in Uano. - ·--~N a remote. and quiet cer_ner �The Wes ern Comrade Pqe fifteen EDUCATION Llano Montessori Sc.h ool REPRESENTATION of the Los Angeles chapter of the Montessori Alumn~e met with Mrs. Prudence Stokes Brown, at Llano, for the purpose of visiting the Mon~ tessori school. As one of those who enjoyed Mrs. Brown's hospitality, I desire to express in the Western Com~ rade our interest in all that we saw, and our appreciation of the courtesies shown us by all whom we met. Also, as a Montessori teacher and a mother, I cannot for~ bear to speak of the profound interest I feel in Llano's edu~ cational experiments. I have had, and still have, problems to solve, or leave un~ solved, in the education of a boy. Girls and boys must have other girls and boys to work and play with; that certainly is the first fundamental in the organized· environment which Dr. Montessori says we must give our children, if their develo~ ment is to be sound and beautiful. How fortunate are the fathers and mothers of Llano, in meeting this first requirement of putting their boys and girls to school, to have a system of education there provided that aims at individuality, not con~ formity, for each child and which meets, in the practical needs of their community life, each soul's need for responsibility, service and helpfulness. I can think of nothing that would so make for character building and good citizenship as the cooking, sewing, building, gardening and live~stock raising, all immediately applied to the use of the child community. The Montessori school is less of an experiment, because it has been so beautifully conducted, along the lines laid out by Dr. Montessori; but it is none the less interesting on that Character EOPLE are only relatively good; a great deal depends on the state of your digestion, whether I am good or not. I am valued at the estimate you place upon me up to your limitations. The more expe'Pience you have the wider latitude you'll give me. Many people imagine that others do not live until they have met them. Earmarks to distinguish the calibre of the individual .are immediately looked for; and if you do not come up to a prejudged condition, you are therefore lacking. Then you go down or up. The judger always loses, because usually judgment is a criticism. You ask for a criticism. It's not criticism you want but approbation. You say you want the truth? Really is it? Truth is a blunt fact and a condition. If I tell you the truth about yourself, I immediately gain an enemy. "How do you like my dancing?" You don't care so much what I think, but you do want to know. that I approve your particular style of dancing.' If I say, "Oh, quite well," you bri~tle up and demand to know, belligerently, what's the trouble. My opinion is not good. I can't give you an opinion that will help you unless you have had comparative experience. You can't understand unless you've studied. Study yourself and live yourself; my judgments would destroy you, because I would change you to my way of thinking. The comet goes on forever. The kingly of thought and generous of mien live in the spaces. To go serenely along is the test of strength; to bend and incline is the wealmess of dissolution. . Thoughts are things. Buildings and monuments ~r~ ~~&,iii By Florence Pier ·Griffith account. Perhaps no one who has not experienced at some time the hardships of pioneering and also the difficulties ~f applying the Montessori principles, can q~ite appreciate the wonders that Mrs. Brown and her assistants have wrought. As both of those experiences have beeQ mine, I cannot adequately express my surprise and admiration over what has been accomplished in the Montessori school. The quiet order and industry of the children, their mastery of their work, their gentleness and obedience-these, together with their beautiful writing and their mental development, are delightful to behold. But the pinnacle of achievement was reached when, after their quiet luncheon, their dishes washed and put away and the room made neat, they all-twenty of them, from less than three to six years old-went into the room they had darkened, climbed up on to the tables they had, with blankets and pillows, converted into couches, and went to sleep. One attendant only stayed in -this room, silently reading, getting up now and then to quiet some restless little one, rearrange a pillow or smooth a blanket. Not a pillow was thrown and there was not a sign or sound of disorder; just a little interrupted humming, like nothing I have ever heard before, for it was twenty little children humming themselves to sleep. And Mrs. Brown says that, when all the sixty are there, the order is even m<!re perfect. That is to me the most wonderful degree of order and self dicipline that I have ever heard of any body of children manifesting, outside of Rome and Dr. Montessori's own schools. By Robert K. Williams throbs. Before the chisel of Phideas carved the gorgeous life-like thing, ages of thought culminated and drove the ~hisel in its delicate tracings. · Think meanly and it is written deeply and even death will not erase the lines. Dour and sour souls die daily; the process .o-f ,destruction is continuous. The heart thumps blood surcharged with dead cells to still deader tissue. The brain is a tissue. Fill it with envies, jealousies and personalities and the tomb's portal approaches at double speed. Man should know that perverted nature is rapid in her work and life's journey at best is but a pendulum swing from shore to shore. What concern is it of yours what I do? f do the things that please me and I think I am right. Would you change me to your way of doing? You may be wrong. · Who is to judge? If I do not encroach upon your liberties, why worry? Isn't it difficult to live your own life? Live the best you can ' and the satisfaction derived from it will make you happy in seeing me go on, even in my sinfulness. Sinfulness is only relative. It is the outcome of miseducation, and standards are the result of a composite of age-long experiences. Their interpretation depends on your largeness. Capitalists have one code; the workers another. Both are right from particular points of view. But, what's the use? Live and let live. Do not judge. for your judgments will be more often wrong than right; you can't know the pressure that wrought the act. · The hardest thing one can do is to take care of himself. Try it and the world will be flower-strewn and a roseat<; ~~\lv~~ !l\Y":i~ that soul. · �Page sixteen\ 1 WOMEK'S DEPARTMENiT The Weste-rn Comtade Natural Law- In the Home A; • S a matter of stabsbcs it is. known that the sexes come about that a woman practically never loves l\'<0 men at are about equally divided on the earth. The dis- the -same time. generally speaking. Man, having been able ' trihution in certain localities is irregular, but taking by violence to indulge his passions to ex.cess, has not yet the world as a whole there is one man for every developed to the point of obeying the funda.mental natural law of one man one wife, and sometimes seems to he equally woman everywhere. Man, as an animaf, has always contended against this situ- attached to several women, but a woman never loses touch ation. As the most powerful animal he has attained his end vith nature to that extent. There is always just one penon in various ways. The commonest one has been to kill off in the world for her-howe er many she may be dallying with. the males of another tribe and appropriate their women. Unfortunately until now marriage has been a necessity . Another system has been to enslave and unsex the males, and for protection and as a means of existance, and women have so secure the prey. These two systems are becoming unpopu- been forced into alliances which were uncongenial, and which lar, but another plan which has always ·subsisted .alongside quickly resolved into a sort of slavery. Besides this, but fe\ the two first, that of setting aside a certain number ef women men or women .are wise, and capable of ll)aking a wise choice as sacrifices to preserve and protect the aormal womanhood of companions for life. Hence endless suffering and a conof a comparatively small group, still persists. It is dawning stant source of corruption for society. For all these cases on the social consciousness quite recently that there may be there should be release-new adjustments must be made poswmething wrong about this, but we all know men of whom it sible. may be truly said that they consider helpless and unprotected But free love is not the natural or human solution. To be woman as fair game, and her pursuit a manly sport, free to follow every impulse of erratic passion puts the higher From the woman's side, type of individual at the however, the whole submercy of the unstable, ject takes on another asselfish and debased type. pect. The woman's real The home without a father 'lnd the home with many sphere in life is that of fathers are both monstrous. motherhood. It is not her only sphere. For one The woman's fundamental reason. motherhood can instinct of monogamy is outraged. only cover about a third But, you say, the man's of her existence. For another, a woman with wide instincts are as fundamentally natural as the interests will produce more highly organized offspring, woman's. No! woman ~ and train them to higher the type, man the exc~p­ service than a mere breedtion-woman the conserv· ative element, man the ing machine. But from a sex point destructive. And the man-· of view woman is primartype is gradually developily a mother. The best ing in the direction of conInterior o f a !-lo me al Llano women exercise the informity. The intellectual stincts of motherhood toand spiritual side is devel\Hrds their husbands as oping at the expense of well as their children. They protect; support, and comfort the anima l side. The wild excesses of gluttony' which were the man as they would the child in and through every adver- possible even a century ago--not to speak of earlier agessity. The mother presupposes the home, the shelter where the are merely shocking to the average person nowadays. The brood can be reared in safety. This home at its best is the universally accepted supremacy of might over ight of the finest tradition of the race, the universe of the child, the refuge middle ages is called into question very severely in our time, of the aged and infirm, the resting place for the toil-worn and particularly is the absolute indifference to the rights of man. the one institution without which the world ceases to be woman a thing of the past. livable, without it men, women and children become outcasts Man, as he rises to the intellectual plane, is learning selfamong enemies. control. His superiority to the cave man is almost wholly one We all know the expression, '"What is home without a of control. It is from the study and recognition of the laws mother~" but how true is also "What is home without a of nature that he gets the power of controlling nature by father~.. The father's return at night is the period about means of which he is making over his environment. which the home f-ocuses. The wife and children wait and preSelf control is power on the spiritual plane. As he learns pare for this return, and if the father is absent for any length to recognize the right of his neighbor to the home which his of time his homecoming is made a holiday. But can one license would destroy, and the right of the mother to the home imagine four or five fathers of as many children coming back which his license would render unnatural and fictitious, then in this way? Why is this thought so impossible? Because he will be strong indeed-and happy. _ motherhood calls for monogamy. The one respon ible head "Man, the victim of nature, having spent the past m fir6t who will protect her brood has always been a mother's first ulindly worshipping and then blindly serving the powers that need. It is a need of all mothers, but e pecially of the mothers controlled him will, at last, find the strength and faculty w whose children take the lonsest lime to develop. So it has control himself and them."-Century. �T he We st ern . Comrade WOIIEII"S . DEPAltlWEIIT Of In te.re s t to More than 4,000,000 women in the United States are eligilbe to vote at the November election, if they qualify. Two women have been nominated for parliament in Denmark. Women are engaged in all but forty-four of the 400 trades enumerated in the United States. Five of the eleven ouffrage states-Washington, California, Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming-have the eight hour work day for women. One third of the wage earners in New York City are women. There are fifty-seven women instructors in the University "{ Nebraska. More than 56,000 women are employed in the textile mills iu Pennsylvania. The Colorado State School of Mines has three women >1\tdt~ nl!; who are preparing themselves to become prospectors. Women in Politics "Speaking of women's solidarity and co-operation along constructive lines, I wi~h I could take you to . The pick of our prnctical club women are there and they refuse to let the . . . people get the best of them. It is certainly interesting to watch their clever campaigning; there i~ not much noise, but heaps ol fine general and statesmnnship. a nd most men look like thirty cents beside them. I dare say that our women are responsible for the biggest progress made in this state along advanced legislation issues. They are not dreamers. They like to go to the very limit but they know how far the mass will follow and they let off when the mass gets alarmed." --o.. peaking again on the solidarity of women you will, with others. no doubt, be hocked if I declare myself f o r candidates through which we women expect quickest re ults for the general enfranchisement of w en. I am not lured, however into the belief that Hughe i the man to hring it. He is fooling the Congre, 'on I Union women and the 'll soon find it out. But it will do them a lot of " Hit or Miss · A woman is employed to demonstrate for a large auto truck concern in the West. An attempt was made to prohibit women from driving automobiles of more than thirty horse-po,ver in Massachusetts. The bill was withdrawn. General Smith-Dorrieu, commander of the British- force in East Africa, employs a woman to drive his auto to ·inspect the troops. Women hold 159 of the 1680 county and. to\vn.ship positions in Kansas. . Champion auto driver in Australia is a woman, Miss Edna Kelly. Many women are employed in the petroleum works in Austria at all kinds of work. . Filling cans, loading them on wagons and delivering. Women are getting out nearly all the newspapers in Paris. An Echo From The Rug Shop By ALBERTA LESLIE Ho! weary weaver at the loom of life, What weavest thou? . 'Tis shreds of the past I am fashioning Into the web of the now With bungling hand and slow. What the design, weaver, what the design? Alas! design have I none. As they come must I weave them, these rags of mine; And cast aside not one Till my task is done, till my task is done. They've been dipped in the dark vats of sorrow Dyed with regret and fears, Stained with the red lees of sinning, Set with the salt of tears These rags of yester years. The piece will be dull and sombre, But finish it I shall! just pl~in hit or miss I'll make it, And weave in the rags as they fallln the past I chose them all. And when Azrael unwinds from the loosen'd beam The fabric I've wrought me here; May my hands have acquired some meed of skill For the task set some other where And the stuff for my future weav1ng Be chosen with greater care. · And for greater skill shall I ever strive Tho' thru ages the task may run; Whatever the loom may be S!:t for me, From star to sta~. from sun to sun, However intricate the web However fine the thread be spun, 'Till the 'Gods who sit to judge my task. Shall cry with one accord, well done ! This hope shall drive my shuttle on Tdl the loom be broken And the wea er gone. • The Vision By Eugene V. Debs I have a vision of woman that is lofiter, nobler and diviner than the mothers and wives, the sisters and ' daughters have been in the · dark days of the past and are still in the dawning days of the present. In the full-orbed day of the world to come woman shall be free, and because she is free the world shall be free. In that hour woman shall have opportunity, and because her day has. co~.e at last everything that lives shall rise and unfold and share in the common blessing that shall. come to the race. Love shall reign instead of hate, beauty . shall take the place of deform· ity, art of ~ar, plenty of poverty, and all the world under her sweet, unfettered ministry, shall be . a home, safe and saintly and satisfying. Beautv Hint To Avoi/ Wrinldet.- Think big thoughts and cling to noble ideals. Inconsistent Women are comidered politically incompetent and can't vote in North Carolina, yet the governor went away leaving state aifairJ in the hands of a woman• �• Page eighteen THERAPEUTICS The Air We Breathe :~ A IR is, to our lives as well as to the lives of all organic beings, the most essential element. Upon its c~ntinu1 ous supply depends our very existence. Happily for ! us the air, so essential, is also in nature the most abundant element. Air is composed of two gases, nitrogen and oxygen. Of these, nitrogen is the greatest in quantity, while oxygen is the more essential to life. Oxygen, the chief life sustaining gas, is widely distributed in nature. It comprises by weight one-fifth of the air, eight-ninths of w"ater, one-half of the crust of the earth, and three-fourths of all animal bodies. Oxygen is the first and foremost essential of our lives. Let u.s examine the nature 11.nd functions of this life giving gas in our organism, in order that we may learn to use it wisely with due benefit to ourselves, and that we may know how to safeguard ourselves against the dangers of contaminated air. Air, like water, is indispensible; but air, like water, may be poisoned with foreign substances, and thus upon the wings · of life's angel may ride death's messenger. The air is not held to be a compound, but rather a mechanical mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, containing seventy-nine per cent of nitrogen and twenty-one per cent of oxygen. Oxyge n is the free lover of the chemical world . It has an affinity for many things. It enters into a majority of the chemical compounds. In this lies its importance to the life processes of organic beings . Every moment we live we breathe. It is our first and !ast act in life. In fact, breath was for ages considered synonymous with life. Respiration The act of taking air into the body is called "respiration." The organs through which this function is performed are called the respiratory organs. They may be for convenience, divided into four parts, larynx, trachea, lungs and bronchi. Any good school physiology will tell you their location and function. It would be impracticable to attempt a full and detailed description here. Sufficient to say that the larynx is placed in communication with the external air by two channels, the one through the nose which is, or should be, always open, and the other through the mouth which may be opened or closed at will. The nasal passages are, of course, the normal gateways of the breath. We should use them whenever possible, as in this way the air is warmed before entering the lungs, bad odors are detected, and dirt and dust particles are caught by the mucus membrane of the nose and thus hindered from entering the larynx and lungs where they may do untold damage. The nose may be considered the sentry at the portals of the lungs. The trachea, or windpipe, is a tough fibered muscular tube, of interesting construction, lined with a mucus membrane which extends into· the bronchial tubes. The office of this lining is to keep the internal surface of the passages free from impurities. The trachea is between three and four inches long and divides into two branches known as the bronchi, one for each lung. The lungs are rather complica ted organs, consisting of bronchial tubes and their air terminals. Broadly speaking, the lungs consist of large masses of ftlm like elastic membrane, covered by a close net work of blood vessels, shot through with larger and larger bronchial" tubes which finally reach the trachea, larynx and nose, and thus the outside air. It would pay each individual to read and study some work .on the anatomy and physiology of the lungs, as these organs ar~ of far greater importance than the average man imagines, The Western By D r. Comrad e John · D e q a e r The taking of air into the lungs is called "inspiration." The expulsion of the air from the lungs is known as "expiration." By the contraction of certain muscles the cavity of the chestis enlarged and thus the !ungs are dist·~ndcd and the air in the tissues of the lungs becomes more rarified (thinner) than the outside air. Thus the air pressure in the lungs is less than that of the outside air, causing the outside air to rush in , until the re is again an equal pressure. With the relaxation of the muscles the chest again returns to its original size, causing a greater preSS'He within the !un(\s. The air 5o co;nprcs~cd rush~ s out of the lungs by way of the tnchea. This is known as "c~­ piration." An inspiration and an expiration are called a respiration. In an adult under normal conditions the change of air in the lungs takes place about seventeen times per minute. This rate, however, varies in individuals, and with age. In the infant, it may· run above forty; about the age of sixteen th e normal is reached. Then there are variations between the walking and sleeping state, variations due to excitement and disease, exercise and rest. At birth there is no a ir in the lungs, but once the lun gs are filled by the first cry of the infant, they are never completely emptied again until after death . The quantity of air normally taken into the lungs is known as tidal air. The quantity that can be expelled afte r a norm al expiration is called supplemental air, that which cannot be expelled is residual air. The average chest expansion of a healthy adult is three inches. Expired Air We take into our lungs with each inspiration about thirty cubic inches of air. When this air is again expired it differ> from ordinary air in three particulars. It contains from four to five per cent less oxygen and about four per cent more carbon ic acid. No matter what the temperature of the outside air may be, expired air is about 98 degrees fa hrenheit. No matter how dry the external air, expired air is quite laden with moisture. Seeing that with each breath we take in thirty cubic inches of air, it follows that during 24 hours from 350 to 400 feet of air have passed through our lungs. Thus an individual wi ll poison the air of a small bedroom in eight hours sleep. Ventilation Seeing that with each breath we take the life giving oxygen and load it with carbonic acid and other poisonous gases, it i; clear that ventilatiol) (the constant change of air) is absolutely essential to our physical welfare. No one should sleep in a room where a window could not be opened so as to admit outside air. Air is the first thought in the sick room; without an abundance of oxygen health is impossible. Open up the window. "Do not shut the door, let the blessed ozone in." Fresh air never gave you a cold. The lack of it did. Fresh air is all blessing and no curse. Fresh Air and Disease Physical culture and breathing exercises tone up the system through the increase of oxygen in the blood which aids nature in the elimination of dead matter from the body. Systematic breathing is a valuable therapeutic measure in most diseases. Llan Medical Department This department is free to the colonists at Llano, and aiso gives free advice upon subjects pertaining to health and health building, to the readers of the WESTERN COMRADE, providing they enclose the heading of the page of this departm ent a nd stamps for ~ reply. ' �T h e Western . -- .. --- .,. . C 'o m r a d e AGRICULTURE Tloe Art of Prodndat Aaiaal and Plant Life The Soils of Llano Paae nineteen By Wesley Zo _r nea ··-- HE soils of Llano on which we now have hundreds of · due to the fact that the rocks contain different minerals which TI acres of young orchards, green and luxuriant alfalfa, and a garden which feeds the entire Colony, before ___ irrigation was introduced could only have grown cacti, greasewood and Yucca palms. Imbued with the co-operative spmt, determined to build a great industrial organization, which would stand as a monument before future gen·erations, a few sturdy men of brawn and brain, began to build irrigation ditches, clear lands and build houses. As a result of only two years work we see before us a great and ever-growing farm, backed by the mechanical arts which are turning the raw material of the farm into useful products. The conversion of the desert into a garden is itself an achievement of which we well might be proud. For ages the Sierra Madre range has been giving way to weathering agencies. The heat of the desert days accompanied by our cool nights have set up varying stresses in the mineral rocks of which the Cows, Hogs, and Alfalfa range is composed. This is have unequal co-efficients of expansion. One mineral may expand more than another which causes clefts to form in the rocks and decomposition to take place. During the winter months the snow-capped peaks of the mountains are deluged with frequent rains, and Big Rock Creek is transformed into a roaring torrent. The sides of the mountains are worn away and deposited upon the desert below, forming an alluvial soil of decomposed granite and quartz. Ages upon ages the slow wearing away of these mineral peaks has been going on and as a result we have a' soil high in mineral matter. The supply is almost inexhaustible. Steady cropping for years has not as yet depleted the soil of its natural mineral strength. We have some old tracts of land planted by early settlers which are yet producing abundant crops of alfalfa. Speaking geologically this transformation of a range of barren rocks into a soil capable of producing wonderful results has been a very recent process. Vegetation has not as yet had a chance to decompose and add to this great inorAre Profitable at Llano. (continued on page twenty-seven) Feeding for Egg Production ENS are not machines. They have their likes and dislikes for different foods. Gas eRgines produce power by being fed gasoline. Hens produce eggs by eating egg and health producing foods, no matter whether foraged or fed. Having acquired egg type hens and proper surroundings, the hen's body must be maintained and enough ·wisely chosen food eaten to produce the egg. Carbohydrates and fats are health and energy producing foods. Proteids are tissue builders. Lime and other mineral foods go mostly to build bone, feathers and egg-shell. Water should neveT be forgotten, for three-fourths of the hen's body is water. As the hen's body must be maintained, she must have tissue building foods; proteids, a small amount of fat, plenty of water and some mineral food. These same foods are needed for egg production. Hens should not go hungry for any of them. Dry mash in hoppers should always be before them, and should be as near as possible a balanced ration. Wet mash is often fed, but not with a great degree of success because a bird's digestive processes are entirely different from other animals-it is normal for them to be always picking at something- and large meals at -considerable intervals upset their health. It is not possible to keep wet mash before them all the time, because it is very unsanitary, while dry mash may be left in _the hoppers at all times. The mash may be composed of many things, but one of the main food !ll~eJ1tl muat he present in a l~o ~· p~~q. lVlUch are H By Oliver Zornes found in meat and green-cut bones, and grains such as barley and ·oats. Beans and peas are high in protein and make a good food when cooked, but should be fed carefully, as the hens may overeat. Fats are not needed as much in the summer as in the winter when the body temperature of the hen must be maintained, therefore we feed more corn and fat producing foods in the winter. It is often difficult in winter to supply the hens with green food. Greens should, however, never be forgotten, for they are the only tonic necessary. The runs should, if possible, be planted to alfalfa as it stands tramping better than most grasses. This may stay green most of the season, but at the same time it is advisable to furnish the hen with a variety of greens. Lettuce is one of the very best of greens. Kale, cabbage, and cauliflower are good, but must be fed carefully on account of their laxative effect. Potatoes, beets, carrots, and other root crops may be cut and thrown in for the hens to pick at. Do not make this the bulk of the hen food, but feed all the greens the hen wishes to eat beside the more concentrated food such as grains arid mash. Grain should be fed morning and evening in dean litter, as the exercise of scratching develops the abdominal muscles. Quantity cannot be measured, but judgment must be used, for the hens will eat more at one time than at another. Feed them ~~~ ~hey will eat, and feed at as regular hour~ as possibl~. · {continued qn paae thirtr) �Page twenty ABOUT THE LLANO ' T h e W e s t e--r n C o m r a d e Questions and Answers Answer.-Yes, Mrs. G., we have a competent tea~her in the HE correspondence with the Colony is continuous, and many are the queries presented. While we try to - person of Miss Miller in our school. We feel that your make a personal reply, it is not always possible. daughters would progress rapidly under her instruction. In __ _ Many questions are of gener~l jnterest, and perhaps addition to Miss Miller there are several others capable of the best thing to do would be to mal<e -,_.resume of them with carrying students forward. Someone recently asked if it was true that the colonists obtheir answers. . Most of the following inquiries have appeared in an earlier jected to dogs. Answer.-It is hardly fair to say we object to dogs ; we issue of the WESTERN COMRADE, yet we feel they will bear repetition, for there may be some intending to come now who don't. I hardly know of a more lovable thing than a dog were not subscribers several months ago. One colonist said and personally I can be entertained for hours watching the that if he had read the earlier questions and answe~s he could antics of pups. The reason dogs are not wanted is that our have saved $200. He sold a lot of household goods, actually domestic ditches are open and dogs will bathe in them. Genneeded, expecting to find here everything he wa~ted. We erally, people object to drinking water after the dogs have hope that no future hardship such as this will be incurred by been luxuriating in the ditches. Furthermore, dogs barking at night are not conducive to restful sleep. All in all, believe those who read this column. A lady, writing from Wyoming, asks whether she can buy the rule of not allowing dogs in the Colony, or to run at large such things as underclothes, kitchen utensils, bedding, brooms, is a good one. . A mother living in Utah volunteers the information that she etc., in the commissary. Answer.-No, you cannot. The commissary attempts to has seven children a nd that the oldest, a daughter, has shown supply the necessaries of life to each colonist, but only oc- decided talent for painting, a nd wants to know if she could casionally carries kitchen utensils, h':!dding, etc. Brooms can be instructed properly in this branch of art. :~sually be obtained. It would be best to bring these things Answer.-Yes. Mrs. Fox has opened a studio and gives with you. However, Los Angeles is close at hand, and through lessons in d rawing, painting and sculpture, or modeling. Mrs_ our purchasing agent there, these wants can be supplied very Fox is in every way competent to teach and her classes arc reasonably; also Palmdale is but twenty miles away where well attended. The studio contains some fine specimens of general supplies can be obtained daily through the stage. her work. which are admired by those who love a rt. Fred Barnes, of PortMrs. )., writing from an land, asks whethe_r it is Oklahoma city, says that she has collected a lot of permi s s i b I e t o h a v e rags of all shades and desprivately owned automocription and wants to know biles in the Lla no Colony. whether she could have Answer.- S urely. The Llano Workers Leveling New Alfalfa Lands. these made into rugs. Colony, however, would Answer.- Yes. You may not furnish you with oil. grease, gas, materials, etc. These would be at yot r own ex- send them here at once and have these r'tgs turned into fine pense. I might say that a car is a sensible thing to bring. An rugs. See ad. on page 28 in June-July issue of the WESTERN automobile is a great content maker and if you can afford to COMRADE. If you wish to earn a rug, see special offer on keep it up, certainly bring it with you. page five of this issue. Mrs. B., of Salt Lake City: " Is it necessary to . bring foodNo, the Elkskin shoe fac tory is not located at Llano. See stuffs?" ad in this issue of the WESTERN COMRADE. Answer.-! would say yes, but of course this is not compulMiss A. says she is anxious to become a . subscriber for our sory, or really expected. I refer more specifically to what new publication_, the Llano Colonist, and wants to know if it might be termed luxuries. If you a re fond of salads and such, gives daily news of the Colony. The answer to this is yes. would suggest you supply yourself with sardines, salmon, can- It will carry daily news of the Colony, but published weekly. ned mea ts, crabs, pickles, olives, mackerel, salt meat. These Mr. W., of Mendocino· county, wants tp know if a party things are regarded in the nature of luxuries and naturally he is thinking of bringing to the Colony can be given hotel are not found in the · commissary. accommodations. The question suggests itself what can be had in the comAnswer.- Yes. If the party is large would suggest bringmissary. Such staples at tea, coffee, sugar, lard, matches, soap, ing blankets for we never can tell what the space will be. Frebutter, eggs, starch, honey, flour, bread, peanut butter, cocoa quently we are much crowded for room in the hotel. and cheese, etc. In addition to this, when vegetables are in The Souvenir club of Llano carries postcards containing season, we have watermelons, canteloupes, sunberries, potatoes, views of the Colony, address care of Mrs. John Spencer. tomatoes, onions, carrots, squash, turnips, cabbage, apples. Answering several inquiries. The hotel rates are $ 1.00 per pears, and almonds. These are in abundance. The Colony day, or 25c per meal. Dinners a re served at the Tighlman will be pretty well supplied with winter vegetables this year. ranch at 35c each. On Sundays chicken dinners are served it is confidently expected. a t the Sierra Madre Colony, at 50c. Reservations can be Mrs. G., writing from Oakland, says: "My daughters have made for the latter by addressing Mrs. Geo. T. Pickett. been taking music lessons. I am very anxious that they conThree schools of healing are represented in the Colony tinue. Should we take up our residence in the Colony will at the present time; the old line allopath, osteopath and chirthey have the opportunity of con~in~ing their m~si<;al ~du- opractic. Dr. Freeman with a new system of up-to-dat«; h~al . catio.n?" in~ will soqn be in th~ Co.lony. - T : -- I' ~~ . �T h e We s tern Comrade ARTS AND MUSIC An Art Vocation-The -Solution HE fundamental error in the situation discussed in a previous article lies in mistaking talent for genius. • Society need not take genius into consideration at all. _, If talent is given the opportunity to express itself, genius, when it occurs, will have no difficulty in asserting its supremacy. It will assert itself anyhow, unless crushed out either by excessive economic pressure and a densely ignorant environment, or by the studiously negative training of futile social traditions. Dense triviality is at least as dangerous as de nse ignorance. However, under any normal conditions ge nius will take care of itself. Talent is less assertive and determined, but certainly not of less value to the comrri;::-1ity. In the pioneer days of America's development strength and energy were the prime requisites. In our day we need to put a finish on the work roughly blocked out by our ancestors. Every spark of art faculty in the country should be nursed into creative results. Unfortunately the dream of the great masterpiece is the illusive Will o' the wisp tha t leads the mass of our art talent into a morass of wasted opportunity and unsuccess. This misled ambition fails to grasp the true meaning of art. One of the definitions in the dictionary is "a systematic application of knowledge or skill ." How remote is this de finition fr om current conceptions of an artist! Another statement is that art involves the need, the perception and the creation of beauty. The masterpiece so-called is a secondary result of the art instinct. It has comparatively little influence on general living conditions. But beauty should surround us everywhere. In countries where there is a general a nd wise public understanding of art, there is a demand for beauty in every article that man produces, and the greatest masters have apprecia ted this universal claim on their services. Leonardo da Vinci and Benvenuto Cellini among others did not hesitate to design objec ts of general utility on occasion; spoons, plates, or other apparently trivial things. One point that the really cultivated art student understands is that nothing is trivial which we have to handle or look a t all the time. If its lines are bad it keeps up a subconscious fretting strain which reduces our efficiency. Beauty is not a matter of ornament, of superficial detail. It is a matter of fitness, the right line and the- right material. If carefully thought out and exactly suited to the use to which it is put, and constructed with conscientious workmanship directed by a skilled designer, it is beautiful and artistic. Our _present civilization has gone to wreck on the proposition of an enormous factory output for quick sales. The inevitable tendency of ma nufacturin g for quick profits is to produce articles which "last quick," and perfect suitability and good workmanship are distinct disadvantages in a product which is manufactured to create a need for another more or less similar article at the earliest possible period. The result of the complete control of the manufacturer by the principle of quick sales is the general neglect of the consideration of fitness, quality a nd art in the products of this commercial age. Almost any kind of savage can surpass us on the plane of production . They are nearly always actuated by the pride of workmanship, and produce things which we are glad to collect in our museums, and could frequently study to our advantage. It is true that these slow processes . of hand work result in a very limited output, which if applied nowadays would make it impossible for any but the elect few to have, not only the luxuries, but the necessities of civilized life. But while the exquisite carefulness of hand work is not a prac- T Page twenty-one By A. Constance Austin tical ideal to work towards, and while large scale machi~ery production is essential to the conditions of modern ~ife, the wilful and vicious manufacture of .badly designed articles, composed of unsuitable material, selected that it may not last, is not a necessity and is not desirable. . And here is where the talent of those who can see and create beauty can have endless scope. If we seize eagerly upon every budding talent, watch its natural trend and train it to design and guide the output of our factories and workshops in such a way that each object turned out will be perfect in line and color, as well as perfectly adapted to the use to which it is put, a,nd carefully made of the best material which can be used for that purpose, the artist will cease to be a helpless and incompetent social parasite. All this talent which is now largely wasted will become the most vital element in building up our new civilization. The general public, however, has also its responsibilities in the matter. One is to conserve and develop the artistic spirit as one of the greatest social assets, to remember that the true artist is primarily a person of finer perceptions and truer judgment than the average man. It must be remembered that good judgment does not wholly consist in holding the right views on the art of making money. It has come to have that meaning under the competitive system of living, but real judgment is the faculty of balancing the relative values of things. One evidence of good judgment is the ability to appreciate that quality and fitness are a higher economical and social asset than cheapness, great output and quick sales. The "systematic application of the highest knowledge and skill" is a thing that we cannot afford to get along wi'thout. Another thing that society has to learn is that the artist cannot create and direct the manufacture of the best possible product unless the public pays the price of the better thing, with a true appreciation of the fact that a good thing that lasts is cheaper than a poorly designed, poorly made article of poor material. Finally, our young people of artistic temperament have to learn that it is better to work towards the correction of the general ugliness of the environment in which we all have to live and suffer, than to produce some one masterpiece that only an occasional person will have the opportunity and training to enjoy. Besides, a man or woman who is actively engaged on constructive work, applying his ability and training to create beauty and elevate his environment, is at least as likely as the mere student of the technicalities of drawing, painting or sculpture, to become inspired with a vision or thought that must be expressed in the masterpiece that lives. Moreover, to share in the building up of a civilization that radiates and uplifts many generations and peoples is to share in a masterpiece that far transcends the wonders even of the age of Pericles. --()- Plato says tha t "beauty . . shall flow into the eye and ear like a health-giving breeze from a purer region, and inoensibly draw the soul rrom earlies t years into likeness and sympathy with the beauty of ·reason ; .. i. e., sanity of thought which conduces to beauty of conduct. We should so reshape all the externals of our communal life thai the soul of the people could nowhere escape from the ministrations of beauty. - o-- The farmers in Minnesota are walking arm in arm with the Minnesoia Stale Art Commision . The people co~suh the commiosion upon all sorts of questions. If the chimney smokes or the plumbing balks, they write to the commission and get help. The commission assists in the selection of wall . paper. And this helps some in advancing the cause of pictures and " old masters." �Page twenty-two MAGAZtN£ SUMMARY The Western Comrade What Thinkers Think The Substance of Instructive Articles 1n J\ugust Magazines PEARSON'S The Oil Story.-The Phelan amendment to the Ferris bill hands over $55,000,000 worth of California oil lands to powerful corporations, and the government will have to repurchase the oil that it has given away. A receiver in charge of one plant manufactures and · deliven gasoline at six cent& a gallon, as against nineteen cents of Standard Oil. The new naval p rogram calls for an annual peace consumption of 4,800,000 barrels and a war consumption of 14,400,000. Naval reserves I and 2 might contain 72,000,L)(J() barrels of fuel oil, only the proven part of it is to be given away. "Ibe Santa Fe railroad, the Standard Oil control most of this stolen property. -George Creel. Wall Street's Handyman, Charles E. Hughes.-The Republican party this year has the same claim to the support of ninety per ·c ent of the American people as a chicken hawk has to the support 6f the chickens. Hughes h as deliberately cho!:cn to support m9fley as a gtiiitst men. Now money is supporting him. As a corporation lawyer his record is "extremely reassuring'' to all those interested in railway investments. How abo ut those intcrestad in railway transpo rt a tion? The corporations a re q uite right in turning from Mr. Wilson, who has served them well, to Mr. Hughe•, who will doubtless serve them better. As governor he vetoed a two· cenl fa re bill, and stung his stale with a public !enice commission tha t the corpo rations liked and the people de:ested. How abou t the insura nce investi gations ? Well the insura nce magnates are all fighting fo r him now. As associate judge of the United Stales Supreme Court he ruled against labor. b ut the Republican patty is pledged "to the faithful enforcement of all federal laws passed fo r the protection of laloo r." Of cour;e. There are none of any consequence. Mr. Hughes and his pla tfo rm should command the solid millionai re vole. They should command nothing else.-Allan L. Benson . The Revolt in North Dakota.-North Dakota was losing $55,000,000 .onnually by a deal between the milling industries of Minneapolis and the railways. Moveover its No. I Northern is doctored during transhipment. Hence scandals about rotten wheat shipped to England. Robbed of money and reputa tion the outraged delegation of farmers to the legisla ture is told to " go home and slop the pigs." A non·partisan league started among Inc fa rmers is joined by business and professional men who realized that it meant a new era of prosperity. The primaries held during torrential rains registered a majority of 5000 over aH the other candidates for the fa rmers candidate, Frazier. The whole nation has a legitimare interest in the successful working out of the farmers motto: " We'll stick; we'll win."- Herbert E. Gaston. The Water. Power Grab.- The United Sta les is in process of gtvmg •way 44,000,000 horse power of water. With this power phosphate, nitrogen and potash could be manufactured in unlimited quantities as a by· product of hydro-electric plants. The government is handling many great undertakings with surpassing efficiency: the Panama Canal, the Alaska railway, the Coast and Geological surveys, the Lighthouse service, etc. "Ibe Myers water power bill stands in the way. On the other hand the Tavenner bill provides for the development of this power by the United Stales in a simple and practical way. It is too good a bill fo r -Congress even to consider, unless forced by pressure from the folks back homc.- Frederick Kerby. Casement's Conviction- "Ireland has wronged no man-but where all rights become accumulated wrongs, where men must beg with bated breath for leave to subsist in their own land, to think their own thoughts, sing their own songs, garner the fruits of thetr own labors: then surely it ts the b raver, saner and truer thing to be a rebel against •uch circumstances as these than to tamely accept them as the natural lot of man. My lord, I have done." Never had England such a chance to show how superior she was to the Germans. If Asquith had said : "We refuse to punish these Irish rebels while their brothers are fighting in a great cause", he would have won Ireland. " ) knew that the rising would fail", said the widow of one o f the executed Sinn Feiners, "and he knew it would fa1l; but he felt tha t he was helping to save the soul of l reland."-F rank Harris. The First Gentleman in Europe-Why is Germany going to the wall in >pile o f her acknowledged efficiency? In twenty years French industries have grown 28 per cent while Gennan industries have grown :SOO per cent. Germany has 100,000 university students against 20.000 French and 10,000 English. Fifty highly trained chemists against five in F ranee and one in England. The hereditary feudal aristocracy is losing the w ..r for Germany. Her captains of industry are Jews. But Jews are not allow~ to become army officers. The consequence is that the German general staff is not as superior to the French general staff as the directory of the Electrical company of Berlin is superior to all French and English electrical companies. Every privilege is a handicap to its possessor and not a benefit.-Frank Harris. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW The Passing of the Turk.-The holy cities of Islam have been wrested by Moslems from Ottoman control. To the German Emperor · this is doubtless one of the chief disappointments of the war. Through the Turkish alliance and the German railroads in Asia, he hoped to command the trade routes to Central Asia and to control, and if desirable, bar the Suez canal. Also the whole Mohammedan world would range itself on the side of "Wilhelm Pasha, Caliph of Germany." However, when the Jehad was called nothin8 happened. Egypt remained loyal. Afghanistan dismissed the German agents. Bokhara and Turkestan adhered to Russia. In India, prince vied with prince in offering treasure and levies to the British. Now the Sheriff of. Mecca and the -Arabian chieftans decide to .break with Conslantipople and look to Great Britain for prolection. Editorial. Christianity and the Sword.-Does the ""Prince of Peace" teach penc<· at any price? ""Let him that hath none sell his cloak and buy a sword."" The thing that impresses the student is not his pacific virtues : it is hi> combativeness, his stern challenge to the ruling powers of the world. That this world should be the scene of oppression and wrong. of th·.. triumph of brule force, is to him intolerable. Hence his long journey to Ring down his great last challenge to enthroned wrong. He need not have died-on pacifist principles. To ad as if war could be no mo re i• to live in a land of dreams to be dispelled by a rude onset of tcality. What will the dreamer do in the day of visitation, in the desolation th"t shall come from afar." - Canon Samuel McC,mb. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN The Health of the Nation.-In comparison with the tragedies that are oeing enacted in our own country the worst shipwreck on record is absolutely insignificant, and the grea t war in Europe is of only secondary importance. A recent bill proposes that "every wage-earner whose income does no t exced $100 a month will be entitled to the services of a physician when he is ill, will receive an allowance during disability and will b• provided with medicines and surgical appliances as required. Advocates of this f01m of social insurance think that this will prevent a great deal of serious illness and resulting physical inefficiency because the poorer classes will no· longer be deterred by financial considerations from consulting a physician at the outset of a malady.- Editorial. CENTURY The Uses of Adversity.-Great disasters such as the San Francisco ea rthquake. great strikes and the present world war, bring about a feeling of extraordina ry good fellowship and even peace of mind which make the most awful calamities seem to be worth while. An alarmed comment• · tor demands ""Is this condition of pea~efulness" so supreme ~ good th• t it makes the best form of international rela tionship? It is not their rela· lions with the Germans that make the English fee,l at peace, it is their relations with one another. The miners at Ludlow were not che<red bv . their enmity to the armed mine guards but by their amity with iheir fello;, workers.-Editorial. REVIEW OF REVIEWS Canada's Two Years of War and Their Meaning.--Canada has raised an army larger than the whole British force when the present struggl ~ began. She is paying it and pensioning soldiers in a truly munificent way. and her d~bt after the war will probably be about one billion do llars. At the same time she has enormously increased both her agricultu ral an~ manufacturing production and raised a domestic loan for the first time in her history. Countless new occupations fo r women and possible na tion · alization of railways are among the s triking changes.-P. T . McGrath. POPULAR MECHANICS Economic Flood Control.- Four plans are suggested for con troll:n~ floods on the Mississipi. Reforestration, impounding reservoirs on the up· per branches of the t r;~utaries, additional outlets, and the straightenin:; of the channel. Great floods occurred befo re the forests were cleared. and to refo rest would cause eight agricultural stales to revert to a fo rest wilderness. The amou!ll of ~valer is far too large to be handled by im· pounding reservoirs. Oth•r outlets would r~uce river depths and would �T he We s· t e t n ·C o II) r a Je be difficult to control. Straightening the channel would reduce the fall at the upper end of a cut and increase it at the lower end. A completed levee, standardized, protected by revetments and intelligently maintained, supplemented by some re-forestration and reservoirs is the most highly considered solution.-Searle Hendee. WORLD'S WORK Lieut.-Col. George 0. Squier, U.S.A., lnventor.-Among other important discoveries invented by Mr. Squier is a method of sending along a tele· rhone wire, outside of it but still guide<! by it, as many as half a dozen wired wireless messages at the same time, tuned to dilferent "frequencies .. so that one receiver can receive only one message at a time. lf the wire is broken, say by a shell, the telepho!'e goes oul of commission, but the wireless messages will jump a space of from fifty to sixty feet and go on without gelling loose into the air. He has recently iavented a means of delivering an unbroken electric current across an ocean cable, th~ s making it possible to use the Morse code. This eliminates the clumsy t& cable code. which only specialists can read, doubles the capacity of cable, and does not call for any great alteration in the plant.-f' rank C. Page. What Can a Thin Mm Do.-Every ev.,;ing after dinner a certain thin man sat down with a bottle of milk and as he sipped the milk he read a book. In three months he had gained thirty-seven pounds. There are many expensive sanitariums but what one gains from them is only thimilk and rest. Milk is a good food ftlld accompanied by repose it produces weight. If you can not take milk in one form there are a half dozen others to try. And if all fail study out a diet of starch, fats and sweets which you can assimilate. Exercise sometimes helps. Many people are semi-invalids all their lives because tf.ey have never been taught a proper posture and carriage which is the foundation of robust health. Egg lemonade sometimes helps but the best directions as regards so-called tonics are the ·ones telling you to keep the bottle tightly corked. -Charles Phelps Cushing. News of the World Socialist---· Labor----General .-\ California ranchman, being short of horses, hitched his mower behind Ills automobile with the bes t results. Postal revenues for the pas t fiscal year show a surplus of $S,200,000. ,.hird wrplus shown since 1832 .- Ncw York Call. Four out of every live city men applying at recrmlmg stations are J•.:<ca. Reasons : faulty vision, poor hearing, bad teeth, broken arche.. . 'loor lungs and bald hcads:-New York Call, Supplement, Aug. 13, 1916. To destroy gophers, dri ve yo ur car mlo the field, keep the engine running and a ttach hose to exhaust while inserting other end in gopher hole packed abo ut wi th cloth and dirt. Fumes penetrate passages and issue fro m other holes which are then plugged up. A badly infested area of three acres was cleared by twen ty cents worth of gasoline in this wayPopular Mechanics. The price of bread has raised to six cents a loaf in La Crosse, Wis. France's war bill to the end of July is $7,800,000,000. The average cost is $998,000,000 monthly. National defense measure passes house by vole of 283 to S I. Involves expenditure of $661,418,000. Congress appropriated $267,697,000 for army. Authorizes increase of enlisted men to 74,700 men. Total number of stockholders in 2S7,211 miles of railways in America, covering 128S railroad companies, is 626,122. Actual number of stockholders is less ; many owning in many companies. Physicians and scientists amazed and regard as a mystery . of biology the birth of twins, a negro boy and a white girl to a white woman by a Spanish negro in Denver.-Ailentown Labor Herald. It is announced that the United Cigar Stores Company will open 900 more retail sioreii this year. Owing to the high and increased cost of print paper Philadelphia newspaper owners reduce size of publications and permit no returns from wholesalers. · A. A. Rovalo, representing a miners' organization of Sonora state, Mexico, says the Carranza government has wiped out the peonage system and encourages labor organizations. Sonora has now 20,000 organized workmen. Says the big question is the land which American capitalists and others are anxious to retain. Insists that a feeling of hate for Americans is a fiction and gotten up for the purpose of further exploiting the working class-Illinois Stale Federation of Labor. There are forty-four families in America with income equal to 100,000 workmen.-Leader. American immigration in 1914 was 1,218,480, the Russian empire sending more than any other nation. Thomas A. Edison says he is on the eve of great discoveries. Power may be obtained from molecules by a disintegrator. Boilermakers win five months strike against the Seattle Construction and Dry Dock company. Rural credits bill passed . in House permilling farmers holding good title lo borrow ftfty per cent of appraised value with interest not more than five per cent. Loans can be run thirty-six 'Years and paid in instal · men!s. Lates t reported railroad milage: Great Britain 23,3SO; F ranee 30,686 ; Germany 37,99S; Russia 37,008; Austria-Hungary 27.S70. The United States .2S7,211. California'has 8,368 miles of railroad. Southern Pacific earnings for june were $13,000,000, for fiscal )'ellr $1 S2,000,000, the greatest in its · history, while operating expenses were $129,000,000. Teamsters in Minneapolis are on strike against a fourteen-hour workd~y. Hammond, Ind .. teamsters received $3 weekly increases. Socialists carried Finland with a majority of ten over all other parties. New York is now pre-eminently the world's largest commercial port. More than $2,000,000,000 annually Row through her portals. The Federal government has appropriated $8S,OOO,OOO for the purpose of building good roads in Amer·ica. Each state appropriates an equal arnount of the sum given by the government. California's share of the government funds will be $2,336,2SO thus making over $S,OOO,OOO avail· able for bettering the roads in this state. A King's county, California, farmer experimenting with Soudan grass is reported by the Rural Farmer as having cut eight tons to the acre and in nine months raised grass nine feet high. He will cut three times this year. Washington.-The Senate passed the child labor bill by a vote ·of 52 to 12. The bill provides that no producer shall ship goods out of a state that has been labored on by a child under 16 years of age for more than eight hours a day or for more than six days a week. In Petrograd, twelve Lettish workmen were convicted and sentenced from two to four years for belonging to the Socialist party. Paris now owns meat shops with great saving to people. Many cities in Franee are rurining general stores. Colorado strike indictments are to be dismissed. Unions too strong to permit such action. Toronto typographical union has raised wages of its newspaper members $1 per week ; to $22 for evening and $24 for morning newspapers. Wav,es of apprentices also increased. Sixty thousand garment workers in New York have won a live month's strike against their organized employers. Forty-nine hours per week with six per cent raise. Georgia's textile industries employ SOOO children under 16. TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC: We regret that a poem, entitled "The Mystery of Death", appeared in the June-July number of the WESTERN COMRADE, signed G~orge Mauricio. It was not written by him, but by Mrs. Mary Mapes Dodge. A plagiarism does not often occur, and found the editor unsuspecting. This explanation with apologies is tendered the real author-EDITOR Telephone Home A-4533 HARRIMAN li LEVIN Attorneys at 921 Hil!llins Buildina Law Los Anades. Cal. �Page twenty-four CO-OPERATION ' The Western The Co-operative Commonwealth m Comrade By clinton Bancro ft The immediate purpose of such an Industrial Congress E Co-operative Commonwealth! What is it to be, and where, and when, and how? What will its powers ·would be to found a new industrial, educational, and exchange and functions be? And what its benefits to the system under the name and banner of the Co-operative Com_ _ _ people? These are questions the people are asking; monwealth, in which dividends from · rental of land to the they want to know about it; they are watching for an an·swer.. workers and producers of wealth, from interest on the medium Prefacing the answer with a declaration of the principle by which the products of labor are exc.hanged, and from profit that a minority may do legally and successfully in its private · on the labor-cost of exchange, should have no place. Such capacity through social organization and combination, what dividends are equivalent to the exercise of the taxing power <1 majority refuses to do in its public capacity through political by private individuals. Co-operative organization of indusaction or government; and believing that to-day there is a tries and banking, with a medium of exchange based upon strong minority {multitudes of noble, sympathetic men and labor, offers the most logical and powerful means by which women everywhere) intellectually and physically equipped to such taxing power of usurious capital may be broken, and land lay the foundation of the Co-operative Commo_nwealth, there held for speculation or rent restored to the people for social will be presented in this series a well developed and practicable use. Representing these epochal ideas this Industrial Congress plan for its immediate initiation ancla logical· ·forecasting of would act with that consummation constantly in view, conthe evolutionary methods and ·means by which the impending vening annually and amending and improving its industrial law as experience and conditions required or justified, just a:\ social and industrial revolution will be largely wrought. Epoch periods bring forth epochal ideas, epochal move- all great national orders are built up today. Upon the free exercise of these four functions of societyments, and epochal men. The epochal men organize the epochal movement; the movement gives form ;md substance the industrial, the political, the educational, and the exchange to the idea . That this is an epochal period in the history of of the products of labor, the life, liberty and industrial activcivilization, no one familiar with the signs of the times can ity of every individual and even civilization itself, depend. doubt. Among those signs are the ones just mentioned. The And Modern Educators now declare that in the complete epochal idea today is co-operation, the epochal movement is co-operation of these social functions the solution..of the probindustrial organization, and the epochal organization to ex- lem of labor and capital will be found at last. The working press and defend and advance the principles of co-operation together of some of these functions in a partial and imperfect through industrial education will be known as the Co-operative manner has for some time been recognized, but nowhere are they all working in perfect harmony. Commonwealth. The task which the Modern Educator must set for himself The Co-operative Commonwealth which philosophers and romancers have so long visioned in some undefined and far-off then, is to bring the political re-organizer, the industrial time will have its birth and take its place in the affairs of co-operator, ·and the function of exchange into working harmen, just as have all other successful organizations in the past, mony with himself; that is, into an organization where all whether political, industrial, educational or moral, and as all may work together free from the errors and traditions and limsocial orders necessarily must-its initiative will be the work itations of those older political and industrial orders which of a few epochal men convening an Industrial ·congress of have proved themselves to be both unfitted and unable to Co-operators and Modern Educators representative of the ideas solve the social problems of the times. This result may be best to which it is desired to give form and power in organized accomplished through an Industrial Congress establishing the Co-operative Commonwealth. movement. [Q] Growth of Co-operation NE of the most significant developments of the day is the growth and development of the co-operative organizations. The impractical dream of yesterday is the accepted fact of today. . In a recent discussion of rural credit laws Myron T. Herrick said: "You have heard critics and doubters say that while co-operation may be congenial to German, Austrian, Danish and Dutch farmers, it is not adap.table to American farmers because conditions and temperaments in the United States are different from those in Europe. I sincerely believe that if it were legally possible to do through an association whatever may now be done through a corporation, rural co-operation would spread more rapidly and bring greater results here than it has done in Germany. I base my belief on the fact that wherever the association is now legal and properly regulated Amercian enterprise has, with few exceptions, done more with it than European enterprise." A Chicago lyceum bu_reau has sent out lecturers accom- panied by Chautauqua entertainers and mus1c1ans to pul before the farmers the advantages of co-operation. Instead of charging admission, the farmers are asked to become members of co-operative organizations. The Department of Agriculture has prepared tentative articles of agreement for country clubs to study ways and means of promoting community welfare. This department also maintains several bureaus engaged in various branches of the subject of co-operation, and pa rtly supports 1200 county far:.1 agents. Fifteen local farmers co-operative grain elevators have formed a corporation for the purpose of building a gra111 elevator at Galveston. This corporation has a seat in the Kansas City board of trade. Community egg circles for the marketing of eggs are being formed through the Department of Agriculture. The Post Office Department is encouraging the selling and delivering of eggs through the facilities it offers. The eggs produced in the United States are worth �The Western Comrade annually $600,000,000, nearly as much as the wh~at . crop .. Boys and girls in agricultural clubs hold records for crop production per acre. 250;000 are enrolled in these clubs. A regular service by mail is maintained from Washington, instructing the boys and girls in raising corn, potatoes, sugar beets, market gardens, pigs, and poultry; also in home economics and handicrafts. Co-operative laundries built aqjoining co-operative . c.reameries have banished "wash-day" from the homes in Minnesota and Wisconsin, ~nd two thousand co-operative insurance companies present a record showing even greater ~uccess than that of the ·creameries. But these various instances of localized co-operation are only slight indicat ions of the fact that Americans are beginning to live up to their motto: "United we stand--." The law de monstrates itself wherever applied. At Puyallup, Wash. a · Page tWenty·livt number of small farmers ' who were going -behind were organ• ized into a society of which the fundamental bylaw was that each member must market ALL of his produce through the organization. This has grown into a very prosperous com· ~unity with many co-operative features. • · The most thorough and ideal example• of the co-operative spirit carried through ev.e ry feature of daily life is the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony. The experience of this community is proving very difinitely that the way to construct an -edifice, whether material or economic, is to get together and The individualistic idea of lighting for your own hand alone against the world takes on an aspect of trivial foolishness, compared with what a large group of people, working together and conserving the wealth they create in one whole, .can accomplish in the way of real results. Jottings of Julius The cost of living started out quite nominal, but th e capitalist s soon made it PHEnomenal. --oThe most ideal system which man will ever ereale is one in which the persons who do the work of the world will gel the product of their toil. The most odious system is capitaliism, for under it the toilers are exploited. an d the parasites rewatded . -o- . ~M By Emanuel Julius Professor Pickering says he could talk to Mars if he had $10,000,000. Most of the parasites who have that much money can talk . to Venus. We have always heard that money talks, but it has been our impression that it takes more than $10,000,000 to talk to Mars. In Europe they are talking to Mars to the tune of $90,000,000 a day. Some talk! --()- When we were children we were taught to Emanuel " scatter seeds of kindness". But the copybook maxims have been changed. Today the children are ta ugh t to "scatter dum-dum bullets." They are instructed in ca pitalism's favorite bit of ethics: "Let no day pass without hoping to bayonet someone who happened to be born in a fore ign land ." -o- The jingoists "settle" the unemployed problem by sending the out-of-works to die on the battlefields. When they are all "at rest," the unemployed problem is "settled." Very simple logic. Do you get it? We are told that war prepares .men for good citizenship. 'The fiber is made all the fin er a nd firmer by the hammer of Mars," says a newspaper writer. Take a healthy man and lap one of his arteries. Let the life fluid trickle from him . Will tha t strengthen his fiber and make firmer his being? -o- Ciimbers - porch and social - are the result of the capitalist system. They are the extremes of monopolism. -o- A good feature of the Socialist movement ·is that the members a rc not the pawns of leaders. The officers in the organization are the servants, •not the masters, of the rank and file . The strength of Socialism lies in .the mass, not in the individual. One Socialist IS just about as important as one dill in a pickle factory·. -o- Miiitarism Means Magnificent Melons for Morgan. -o- A scientist claims that goldfish . have .brains. Well, the first thing we know a scientist will come along and say he has discovered a set of brains in the cranium of a workingman who vo!es lJ:n old party ticket. Capital recognizes no flag or nation. It aoes Julius beyond all frontiers. It expects the workers to be patriotic, to worship fla gs and die for countries, oecause it is the best way to continue in power. Capitalists a re believers in solidarity for themselves and competition among the workers. A divided working class means a powerful moneyed class. - o-"Small thieves lie in lowers fastened to wooden blocks; big ones strut about in gold and silver", said Cato, who lived two centuries before Christ. Today we have the same condition, and we often characterize it as follows: "Steal a loaf of bread a nd you go to jail ; steal a railroad and you go to the Senate." --oAft~r we have civilization civilized, it will be time enough to go after the so-called heathen. --oIf you say "Don't hurt business," you are called a 5ound, conservative, respectable citizen. But · if you say "Don't let business hurt the people," .you are a dange ous agitator who seeks to undermine the institutions of society. --()- George Washington put it correctly when , in a letter to Lafayette, he wrote: "It really is a very strange thing that there should not he room in the world ·for men to live without ctttting one anoth~r's throats." --aUnder Socialism , the man who will move the machinery will be the man to rule the world. - aWhen the exploited worker is asked where he stands on "elastic currency" he should answer that he stands for more adhesive curency. - aLess booze and more books- that IS pretty general among the Socialits. �The' Page twenty-six 1-s I Western Comrale Victor Berger on His ·Recall - 1 INCE the rules governing national referendums restrict me to 200 words for arguments referring to the recall initiated by Local Marion, Ind., kindly permit , _ _ me to say a few more words in my behalf through the columns of your valuable ·paper. For many years I have advocated a certain training of all citizens of our country-as a part of "preparedness" for the working class. · The difference between militarism and my position is eno;mous. It is as great as the difference between Capitalism and Socialism. · Militarism is a means to keep the working class ~n subjection. My "preparedness" will put into the hands of the working class the means to free itself, if all other means should fail-or if the republican form of government should be threatened by the plutocracy. I am one of those who believe in constructive political work. While we favor the acceptance of the smallest political and economic reform that may benefit the working class, we also know t 1• ·t, nevertheless, in the end emancipation of the working cia~ will be hardly brought about by such reforms. And it will st 1y never be brought about by speeches and pamph- lets. . The capitalist class will not abdicate as easily as all that. In -the end it will be a question of force. And if the working class is "well prepared," it will not nece~sarily be bloody force. A Socialist party that does not want to give up all ambitions and hopes for the establishment of Socialism .· can, therefore, never be a pacifist party. Moreover, a democratically organized defense force was always considered by every Socialist party in the world as a means of international peace. There is no such democratic army in Europe today-the nearest approach to it, we find in Switzerland. The platform of nearly every Socialist party in the world declares for an armed nation. The last International congress which had· this subject under consideration was held in Stuttgart in 1907. It decided unanimously:"The congress sees in the democratic organization of a military system and in the substitution· of a citizens' army for a standing army an essential guarantee for making offensive wars impossible and facilitating the elimination of antagonism between nations." The American Socialist platform contains nothing on this question. A Strange Referendum 1 Il' iT is most astonishing to find Socialists initiating a ref- erendum for the recall of Comrade Victor Berger on the grounds proposed by local Marion. What l are ~e · to recall a member of the National Committee for favoring a measure which has been proposed by Socialist conventions in every country of the world and· indorsed by the Socialist International? Do the Local Marion comrades know that if their rule had been applied in the past, Marx, Bebel, Jaures, Vandervelde, and all the other great Socialist leaders would. have been pitched out of the party? That the whole international Socialist movement would have been excommunicated? Here is the proof:-'The program of the French Socialist party adopted in 1902, demanded: "Substitution of a militia for the standing army, and adoption of every measure, such as reductions of military service, leading up to it." - Ensor's Modern Socialism, p.349. The German Social-Democratic party at the Erfurt conference in 1891, demanded: "Education of all to be capable of bearing arms. Armed nation instead of standing army." - Ensor's Modern Socialism, p.319. The program of the Social-Democratic Federation of England as revised in 1903, demanded: "The abolition of standing armies and the establishment of national citizen forces." - Ensor's Modern Socialism, p.355. The Austrian Social-Democratic program adopted in 190 I, demanded: "Substitution of the armed nation for the standmg army. Education of all to be capable of bearing arms. Arming of the whole nation." -Ensor's Modern Socialism p.366. The program of the Belgian Labor party adopted at Brussels ·in 1893, demanded: Provisionally; organization of a national militia."-Ensor's Modern Socialism, p. 326. The International Socialist" congress of Stuttgart in 1907 B y E I i z a b e t b H. T b e ~ a s declared : "The congress sees in the democratic organization of the military system and in the substitution of a citizens' army for the standing army an essential guarantee for making offensive wars · impossible and facilitating the elmination of antagonisms between nations." Nor has the Socialist party ever changed its ground on this question. These demands for the "citizen army" have never been annulled or repealed by the International or by any of the national parties. With what kind of consistency can a comrade claim to stand for international Socialism and at the same time propose . to recall those who stand for the measures proposed by the Socialist International? It is unfortunate that some of our comrades know so little about international Socialism and what it really stands for. They do know that the sort of "preparedness" advocated by Wilson and the munition trust is a bad thing. Therefore, they imagine that all "preparedness" is a bad thing. They do not understand that the kind of "preparedness" (namely, the citizen army) advocated by Comrade Berger and the international Socialist movement would make offensive wars impossible and cut off militarism right at the root. It is curious that these extreme pacifists want to persecute everybody who does not agree with them. They want peacebut not peace with their fellow Socialists. Those .who do not agree with them must walk the plank. This is a ruinous policy and destroys all fredom of thought and speech. Surely our party is large enough . to have some room for diversity of opinion. The days of heresy-hunting are past even in the church. Let us put an end to them in the Socialist Party. But, above all, let us·have enough consistency and common sense not to persecute a comrade for sharing the views of the great builders of the Socialist movement, as carefuly and deliberately expressed in all their official utterances. �The Comrade Western With the Hustlers " I shall come to Llano this fall, and also let my family take a look at it; but it would not be necessary for me to make this trip in order to strengthen my belief that such a co-operative community as that devised by you could be prosperous. Even if your enterprise should fail, though I do not see yet any reason why it could, similar ~nes will be in the next steps of the social development. Fraternally yours, A. K. -oH. S., San Simon, Ariz., says: "I am anxious to receive the next copy of the Comrade, but I am more ·anxious to be back at Lla no . I must say I never enjoyed a vacation as wei! as the short time I spent at the Colony. I am boosting it. and everyone around here thinks it will be a delightful place to go to ." --<>- ( . N. D., Panama, says: "You will notice instead of coming to Llano, we have drifted quite a distance. A rather mysterious route, but such is the pass we hope will lead us out of the competitive world. Llano is our goal all the while. With best wishes to the brave and industrious comrades." --<>- ''I'm keen to know all about Llano-that's where I long to be. Yours for co-operation , C. C." - 0- '' lt 's a stimulator of high power-like reading of the 'Deu tschl and's' arrival. More power to co-op. Truly, W. M. --<>- A. K., of Salt Lake, hustler-in-chief among sub-getters, hit the high record mark for July by turning in sixty-one suhscriptions. He said in June that he hoped to raise his thirty-eight to fifty, but like a good co-operator, he did not stop when he reached that point and kept on until he had added eleven more. The WESTERN COMRADE surely appreciates his efforts. --<>H. M., of Alberta , Can., says in part: "I wanted to subscribe long ago, but there were two reasons; first, dollars are scarce as hen's teeth; second, when I read the WESTERN COMRADE it made me feel so bad that I cursed everything in Canada for not being able to be with the comrades in Llano . If they will use their own heads a little and not let themselves be confused by such tommyrot as the Deputy Commissioner of Corporations gave out in his .report, and stick lo it, they must succeed." -o- F. P. McMahon, Llano, on a lecture tour, writing from Taft, Cal., says : "After seeing conditions in the capitalistic world aga in, the Colony looks better than ever. The struggle out in the system is getting harder all the time, there is no hope for the worker. As an individual he is doomed. The colonists are surely fortunate, their troubles are as nothing compared to hundreds and hundreds of people right here in this wonderfully rich oil region. Patience should be their watchword. Best wishes to one and all. Yours ever in the cause." If You Received Two WESTERN COMRADES this time, pass one of them on to neighbors or friends who are interested. Get his subscription too. Page twenty-seven ·-. The Soils of Llano (continued from page nineteen) ganic mass of mineral clay, the organic substance which is so necessary to the fertility of the soil. Taking this soil in its raw state our gardeners have ·produced wonderful results, clearing, leveling and applying compost from the barnyard, until we have over a hundred acres ·of vegetables and small fruits that supply, at the .present time, the needs of over seven hundred people. M-ethods of Improvement · .. Plants grow like animals, and in this growth there is a tearing down or wasting away of the tissues. Besides the food necessary to replace :these wasted tissues the plant must have food to ·build more tissue and to store away in its stems, roots, leaves and seeds. Foods containing carbon help to build the tissues of the stems, roots and leaves. Foods containing nitrogen are stored away in the seeds and edible parts of the plants. We therefore see the necessity of mineral and nitrogenous compounds in the soil. Plants may grow luxuriant foliage which is largely mineral, on a mineral soil, but will not produce seeds or food because of the lack of nitrogen, potash, or phosphoric acid. Barnyard manure has been used ·with astonishing results. Last year an experiment was carried on with wheat. It was partly on raw and partly on manured soil. The manured soil produced thirty bushels per acre, and the raw soil about fifteen bushels per acre. . Barnyard manure does not, however, contain the element nitrogen in any appreciable quantity. Nitrogen is produced by the decay of the organic matter in the manure, which under favorable conditions is converted into ammonia or its com• pounds, which is in turn, through bacterial action, converted into nitrates. A soil may contain a great deal of plant food and yet plants grown on it may starve to death. For example, if the soil is hard or cohesive, root development is hindered, and the plant food is untouched because the roots can not. reach it. The incorporation of manure with the soil modifies this difficulty. The soil becomes more porous, The organic substance of the manure holds the soil particles apart, and also increases its water holping capacity. A large percentage of the plant food elements are oxides. The free circulation of air through the soil is necessary to 'the · oxidation of the mineral and chemical elements contained in it. The loose condition of the soil, such as is obtained by the application of manure, is advantageous to the circulation of the air and more food is in this way made avail·able. The use of barnyard manure ·s not practicable as a soil builder when working on a large area. The process is too slow when hundreds of acres are being prepared. Green manure crops have been proven. a success and have the added advantage of quickness in their results. It has been proven that the yield of potatoes in Llano can be increased thirty per cent by the raising and plowing under of green crops such as peas, vetches, clovers and alfalfa. The organic matter of the stems, roots and leaves decompoSes, and leaves the mineral matter and nitrogen of which they are composed in the soil. These gteen crops have the further advan~· tage of being al:-le to convert the free nitrogen of the air into nitrates, which 1\re directly available as food to plants. . The conver~i'l'l of humus into nitrates takes, in some cases, a whole year. ''Ve can, therefore, see the advantage of having our nitrates imrrediately available to the crops. On account .of these facts w.~ are planning to seed three hundred acres. to alfalfa, which will increase the humus and nitrogen content of our soils and furnish one of the best of foods for our stock. �The Page h-vcnt y-eigh t The . Western Comrade Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Los Angeles, Cal. ISSUED EACH MONTH AT LLANO, CALIFORNIA Subscription Price Fifty Cents a Year JOB HARRIMAN, Managing Editor FRANK E. WOLFE, Editor VOL. IV. We s ter 'n Comrade telephoning the Colony, or better still, if possible write time of arrival addressing Publicity Department, Uano, Cal. , Stage fare from Palmdale to -the Colony is $2 for the round trip. There is daily auto stage ·service from Los . Angeles to the Colony .. Service can be arrang.d for at 924' Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Round trip $5.00, one way $3. · .: · Hotel rates at Llano·, $1.00 per day. Single meals, 25c. Midday meals at the Tighlman hotel, · 35c; Sunday chicken dinners at the Sierta Madre (boys and girls) colony, SOc, under Mrs. George Pickett's management. Nos. 4 and S AUGUST -SEPTEMBER, 1916 The Nondescript YOU MAY · ASK QUESIIONS of the editors of the various departments about their work, and they will answer your questions gladly. fJJ Health , Agriculture, Education, Art, Wom~ns' and other departments will be contin ued as regular features of the WESTERN COMRADE and you are urged to make the fu llest usc of th e opportunities for information th us offered. fJJ Address your inquiries to Editor, WESTERN COMRADE Llano, California L~~~~~~~~~_~ To the Edit or. Western Comrade: F 10m var ious sources and in various ways a propaganda is going fo rth to the American public, the objec t of which is to induce the public to beli eve that stringen t legal measures must be taken for the conservation of the public health, and that in order to do this an independent departmen t of health must be established under the Federal government, wi th its chief officer a member of the P resident's cabinet. In no instance can the demand for this departmen t, o r these activities, be traced to the general public ; the demand is entirely from a group of J octo rs who have become so nu merous a nd so insistent within the ranks of the various poli tical parties tha t they have cdlne to be known as "political doctors." These arc all of one school of medicine, that which calls itself the "regular" school. No t content with having every office under the public health service, where the office requires one trained as a physician, fi lled with a physician trained in the allopa thic school, these doctors a re now a ttempting an extension of fhe public health service and a gradual usurpation of the right s and powers of the various sta tes in the ma tter of public . health. ·n1c a verage man and woma n no t onl y feels perfec tly competent to select such form of treatment for disease as he or she may prefer, but demands th at he or she be left free to make such selection without interference by state or government. State medicine would surely be a step towards sta te religion, and befo re any assent is given to a further ex tension of the powers of a medical monopoly, careful examination should be made as to what is meant by " the enactment of further me.tsures for the conservation of health and the creation of an independent department of health." Yours very truly, (Signed) Henry Van Arsdale. T R A I N, A UT 0 A N D_ H 0 T E L SER V I C E The Southern Pacif1c railroad passes th rough Palmdale, twenty miles from the Colony. There arc two trains each way daily. Train leaves Los· Angeles a t 7: 45, arriving a t Palmdale at 10:47 a. m. Train leaves Los Angeles in evening a t 7:45, arriving at Palmdale 10 : 47 p. 111. Down train or from San Francisco and int ervening points. arrives at Palmdale at 3:55 a. m. and 4:07 p. m. The Llano stage, which ca rries mail and passengers, m.ecls the 10:47 ~\. m. trai n and pi c ~s up passen.gers arri,•ing from the south and those from the north ,,·ho have been wa iting since 3:55 a. m. Visitors arriving· on the afternoon trains may secure auto service by B·y JACK WOLF 1- call him that. Perhaps You'll ca:n him other names. However, he's a man of God's Own making. Fa me and fortune Never stopped to place a wreath Of sweet success upon his brow, And melancholy lingers at His side, a life companion . A nondescript, that's what he is.Named and yet nameless. One day · I came upon him unawares, alone he sai ,-A sad, pathetic figure in the park and In his hand he held a quaint, Old-fashioned silver watch. I caught His hand and looked to see The fading photo of a mother's face Within the cover. And then I looked Into the eyes of Nondescript and saw Some tear-drops glisten. Then I knew, That even tho Success has · passed Him by, a higher, Godly blessing Pulsed within the heart of Nondescript. I have a boy at home and I am praying He will always be an honor And a source of pride and joy to both His mother and myself,-and yet If this same boy of mine, in years to come, Will always cherish, love and keep A quaint, old-fashioned silver watch, Wherein between the covers is A mother's face , I then will know My life has not been spent in vain. Is your address right? Please write to the Circulation Department if your Address is not correctly given on the WESTER~ COMRADE, as the move to Llano has made a revtston of the mailing list necessary. Circulation Department WESTERN COMRADE Llano, California �f,.e e :5l era Le ers . Co .. a de Co onists from WHY I CAME TO UANO l carne to Uaao because I could see DOt ouly an in~t ming for myself and family wilL aD its social and mofal advaotaget, but to hdp solve the prOOiem of co-opm'wn, ami I am going to help cany out my intentions. [ fiiid and ttill have, umhakm faith in its founder, Mr. Harrima~o, I have t~pent about seventeen months here, and of "'"'~have had to do tome pioneering which I fully expected 10 do, but I am ttill here and feel that I am one of the many whtJ will eventually thow the capitalistic world what co-opera11011 In reality can do. I have no desire whatever to go back 1u ' ity life, I am for Llano, now and always. --o-Le Roy Morrison ll,l\ i11~ been located in the Antelope valley, Los Angeles ll!llltly. California , on Mescal Creek previous to the arrival --o-- ''' the Llano del Rio Colony on the Big Rock Creek, and h,1 1 111~ heeu in the struggle for existence under the capitalist rcv.un • for ~ome thirty years, the idea of co-operation appealed ll'tY ~trongly to myself and wife. Therefore, when the Llano Colouy wa& in its infancy we became working members. joinlllf\ the first day of May, 1914. Our experience has shown that united efforts and a little stick-to-itiveness is all that is rtquircd to build up for yourself a home which you cannot .d11' :!Y~ do under the capitalistic system on the outside. John ). Leslie To our Comrades: We have b n i·iting for th days in the Llano Colon and I would sugg sl t ny p1 sp • tive investor to come here and' see for him If wht\l th s people have accomp)ished in two years, starting with fiv p O• pie. Now 308 acres, 120 acres in pears, 40 a res in F neh prunes and 100 acres in garden of v g •tab! t\ w nd rful rabbitry containing over 2000, 2000 hens, 85 cows and n splendid barn, and we are told there arc 85 h d on th r ng , also 30 head of colt5. are the resul t of two y ars Ia! or. There are 73 working horses ; a large industrial building in which is contained all departments of mechanical rna hin ry, including a fine weaving shop for carpets, tc., a spl 'ndid up• to-date printing establishment with modern linotyp , n st am laundry, new public bathhouses a1id swimming pool. The c n• nery is now ready for operation. Colony also owns farm machinery and implements of all kinds. A library of 1800 books and magazines, hotel of 14 rooms with public dining room. Three musical bands of which I heard two play nd their music was excellent. The above I have seen with my own eyes, and I know it is here as related. IRENE M. SMITH I hnv t•esided in Llano for more tha n fourteen months, and < nu ~ id r myself in a position to give a fa ir and unbiased llpinion of this wonde rful community. I have been here long 1'11011\!h t b shorn of any illusions that might have been part ol my first enthusiasm over the place and I can truthfully say 1h11t cv ry phase ·of life here is superior to the life encounll'i'<'d in th apitalistic world. No, life is not one long sweet ;un~ h •t· 11 r do we expect to be caried to the skies on flowery h~d s of as , but I wish to draw attention to the fact that our p opl p s s the neces ary requisites for success, namely; a d t~rminntion to o ercome all obstacles and a genuine spirit of O•OP rntion. To those who contemplate joining us, I would ~ny . " m on in. the water i fine." C. H. Scott. --()-- After spending a week at Llano, I am able to say that, whil I have kept up with the progress made at the Colony througl1 the Comrade, yet I was agreeably surprised at the huge problems which have been solved, and the great f'Uture that lies before them. I believe those who stick to it will reap a wealth of opportunity that will well repay their efforts. I do not believe their literature .exaggerates, indeed it hat left me short in my imagination of the thinp attained. Mn. E. C., Pa.adena "THE PEST" ADOLESCENCE" and "SLUMMING" By EMANUEL JULIUS Three Clever Plays thing to smile t when you read. o~ to roar ~en you see them p)~yet they'll giv~ m thin to ponder over, too. Eq.. • .,. ~of Musical Instruments Needed at Llano &.a:a-.1 Jdm: ~ bM " .-1 · ~ style d of • mattu has li~ 11ft it pith., od appeals stroogly to the reader. The band, orchestra, and other orpni:z.ahc.mf at Uano are in need of imtrumentf. Those interesled please CDDJmunicate with •011'1 ~ it • ~~ cW st ILan yoa''R m.d "'11£ PEST.· ane oE - • laciol ~..ftoa-tLe ' exv pot d - mlo pn..L 1\e • . ue jml ............. litlle boaHd. CirculationOepartmmt ESTERN CO fRADE l.Jar.,, California curs • �GASTRONOMICS Page thirty The Cooks' Comer Edited by Chef Robert The coupon must be used in asking questions and m4st be mailed to the Culinary Editor, Western Comrade; Llano, Cal. Cut it out and pin it to your letter. , Any recipe will be given," also translations of French or German mc:nu terms. This department is . not confined to American cookery; it is internationai-French, German, Russian, Chinese, Spanish, etc., Culinary Editor, The Western Co~de The Western Comrade PEARSON'S . the only magazme of its kind IS This Is Why:Three years ago Pearson's decided to be a FREE MAGAZINE. This was the purpose:~ A plain form would enable the magazine to live on its income from subscriptions and monthly sales. It would not have to consider the effect on advertisers when it wanted to . print the truth about any public queestion. This was the result:·· -·· ···· ·· ··· ·· ··················----···············-·------------------------------------ Pearson's NOW prints the truth about some question which affects your welfare i:t every issue. It Prints Facts Which No Magazine That Depends On Advertising Could "Afford" To Print. Name You are at liberty to ask any questions you desire, and they will be answered by Chef Robert. This department is instituted for the benefit of the housewives who read The WESTERN COMRADE. and they are urged to make good use of it. Feeding for Egg Production coninuedfromp.l 9 What is a good summer food and brings better results if fed with other grains is Egyptian corn, Kaffir corn, and Indian corn. These may be mixed in different proportions, but it is advisable to make the larger portion of wheat in the summer on account of the heating effect of the corn, a·nd in the winter to increase the corn as the weather changes. Do not feed mouldy food; cleanliness should always be observed. The natural habit of the hen is to be busy all day. It is therefore necessary to have· some delicacy within reach at all times of the day. Keep them busy and happy. The hen solo means eggs; train your singers. When the foods are being changed do not change too abruptly; make it graduallly. In feeding lime, be sure it is slacked. Oyster and clam shells make good lime foods for they serve the purpose both of lime and grinders. This and charcoal should be before the hens at all times. Remember that meat and green-cut bone are excellent foods and are best fed in a fresh state. If handling poultry on a large scale, one shonld have a meat and bone cutter so he may utilize all'ineat that might otherwise be wasted. Care should be taken in feeding the meat not fo feed too much at a time unless you have a steady -supply of all they can eat for when they haven't a steady supply they are apt to over eat when fed. Milk is a very good food especially at moulting time. It should never be fed fresh but sour or curdled, and fed in clean troughs. Care should be taken to have a constant supply, as otherwise the hens may over drink when they get it. Care should also be t<\k~n i11 ke~?ping the vessels and troughs for fe~n~ clea11, · · · · · And, with all this, Pearson's s till prints as much fiction and entertainment articles as other magazines. If you want plain facts, buy a copy on the news stand for 15 cents, or subscribe by the year for $1.50. By special arrangement with Pearson's we are able to make you the following clubbing offer un til November lst. You can get both PEARSON'S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN COMRADE for One Year by sending One Dollar to CirctJiation Dept., Western Comrade, Llano, Cal. After November lsi this rate will be raised to $1.50 Announcement! Increase in prices of all materials used in getting out THE WESTERN COMRADE has made ic necessary to discontinue the low clubbing rate of 25c a year. Henceforth, the subscription price will be SOc a year. no maller what the number of subscriptions sent in. Those wh<> have read the COMRADE during the last yea r know that it is easily worth a dollar a year, compa red with other magazines. But because we now have our own p rinting plant equipped with the latest lnterlype machine made, and with a cylinder p ress that does fast work, the low price of SOc a year can be made. The LLANO COLONIST will soon be in the mail. and every interested reader of the COMRADE will also want it. Those who rer.ew now and subscribe for the COLONIST a t the same time 'will receive both publications for 75c a year . The regular price of the COLONIST is SOc. Do You Like To Draw? CARTOONISTS earn big money. Our modern up-to-date home study method can teach you this well paying profession a t a low cost. Send 4c for illustrated booklet and sample lesson plate. LOS ANGELES SCHOOL OF CARTOONING 415c Thorpe Building, Los Angeles, Cal. () Home A 2003 Main. 619 A . J. STEVENS DENTIST 306 South Broadway, Loa Angeles, Cal. Room 514 �Subscription Offers Important Notice OFFER No.1 INCREASE IN PRICE OF WESTERN COMRADE American Socialist, one year ·----------------.50c 1914 Socialist Campaign Book _____ ____ __ ______ _50c Western Comrade or Llano Colonist, one year --·-- ---- -------- --------.50c Because of the increases in the costs of the high-grade paper used in THE WESTERN COMRADE and the other increased costs of materials, the price must be raised to FIFTY CENTS A YEAR STRAIGHT. This will make club rates impossible except for our two publications to one address. Total $150 Combination Offer ..... ____ ·----------------------$UN) OFFER No.2 W E S T E R N C 0 M R A D E, S 0 c a y e a r C~mpaign Book, American Socialist, Western Comrade and Llano Colonist-Total value of all Four, $2.-0ur Combination Offer, $1.2S LLANO COLONIST, SOc a Both to Ooe Name aod Address year 75c You should read THE; WESTERN COMRADE and the U.ANO COLONIST both. Send in your subscriptions at once and get as many other subscribers as you can. OFFER No . 3 National Rip-Saw and Western Comrade or Llano Colo~ist , 75c-AU Three for $1.00. Circulation Department LLANO DEL RIO COLONY Llano, Cal. Circulation Dept., Western Comrade, Llano, Cal. When You Want Llano Special Rugs As Premiums Information About Llano: ITS PUBLICATIONS ITS INDUSTRIES ITS INSTITUTIONS ITS SCHOOLS ITS AMUSEMENTS Address 27xS4 RUGS, Red, Blue, Green or other Trimming The WESTERN COMRADE Each person sending in a club of 25 Subscriptions at 50c each to THE WESTERN COMRADE or the LLANO COLONIST. or 20 Combinations of the TwQ at 7Sc each will be given a beautiful Llano Made RUG FREE. LLANO, CAL. FOR INFORMATION ABOUT MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION BLANKS INSTALLMENTS. ETC. Address • Circulation Dept., Western Comrade Llano, Cal. Llano del Rio Company of Nevada JOURNAL BLDG., RENO, NEVADA KEEP INFORMED ABOUT LLANO These are' the only publications which will bring you authentic information about the greatest co-operative enterprise in the world. They will occupy distinctive fields. Send us your subscription at once for both of them. THE WESTERN COMRADE SOc a Year THE LLANO COLONIST SOc a Year BOTH to one address for One Year for ..... ...... ... 75c 1 �.'' "' Does Yo-mr Town Supply you w.ith work when you are out of a job? f Furnish you with free medical attendance? I Take any interest in your affairs at all \l Insure a living for your family? MOVE Preparedness ? Establish industries and develop resour~es ? you an interest in the affairs of the .town? Undertake to create an intelligent ur>derstanding of its problems? ~ive To a ToWil That Does! No. just a Lhno Drive 'Aga inst Brer Rabbit. LLANO offers you many advantages; Ito:wns Its brick yard, lime kiln and saw mill . Its planing mill, cabinet shop, paint shop, rug works. Its swimming pool a nd baths, it s machine shop, blacksmith shop. The laundry, printing plant, cannery, shoe shop. Telephone line and hotel ; tailor shop and art studio. . ~ Its dairy and creamery ; its bees, ga rdens, orchards. Its rabbitries, poultry ya rds, alfalfa fie lds, hogs, and horses. A stage line and trac tors a nd trucks. Its fi.elds and nursery. Many other industries. YOU are an equal owner in ALL of these things This is the reason so many people come to Llano. It is the only city in the world that ta kes care of its• citizens. It is the only city that provides for its aged without givin g charity. It ·s the only city that offers equal opportunity and guarantees a living to al l. It is the only city that is progressive in every direction.· It offers jrou the things you are striving for, and it offers you independence. roundings. II offers freedom from worry. security an d pleasant sur- The World's BeSt Insurance Policy is a membership in the Llano del Rio Community. Investigate it at once. There is nothing to equal it , nothing that eve n approaches it. SEND FOR FREE -ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET "THE GATEWAY TO FREEDOM " ADDRESS : Llano del Rio Company Jour.nal Building OF NEVADA Reno, Nevada '·· � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1916-08/09 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Description An account of the resource Double Issue Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-08/09 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v04n04-05_191608-09 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-31 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v04n04-05 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/785903694977b3c69b496c6f2a677c5b.pdf 80425dd2ca28a863b455bcf50619f6a7 PDF Text Text POLITICAL CARD built by Llano Socialists weighs over eighty tons, and is the largest in the world. Kirkpatrick's name is 220 feet long; sign from top to bott<>m is 190 feet h is legjble for five miles and can be seen . for 20 miles with the unaided eye. Estimated that 6000 tourists see it each week. Required 610 hours of labor and 200 gallons of Llano-made white-wash. Builders travded 1244 miles by auto to and from work while building. Machine and labor donated. Sign constructed under direction of John Shafer, of Llano. The huge aign is one mile from the railroad and can be seen by passengers on both sides of every train. �The Gateway To Freedom T Through Co-operative Action HE name of the Nevada Colony Corporation has been changed to the LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY OF NEVADA. This has been done in order to conform to the name of the only Colony enterprise in which we are interested- the LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY, situated in Los Angeles County, California. We are not interested in any colonization enterprise in Nevada, or any other state outside of California. Another important change has been made in that we have decided to issue our former contracts instead of the one we offered as the Nevad a Colony Corporation. This make s the terms of membership much easier on the members. Instead of asking $2,500 for memberships, we have de cided to continue on the $2,000 basis. This requires the member to pay $1,000 as the initial fee, :and to work out the remaining I ,000 shares at the Colony, at the rate of only one dolla r per day instead of tw.o dollars per day. Outstanding contracts will be changed to conform to this when req uested. The LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY is interested in only one magazine- THE WESTERN COMRADE. This 1s an illustrated monthly magazine devoted to the came of co-operation and Socialism. It has been issued by th e Colony since its inception. Job Harriman, founder of the LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY, is the managing editor. The Western Comrade will print stories in each issue covering the activities at the LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY. The subsc ription price is fifty cents a yea r. Following is the plan to which we have returned: each share-holder agrees to buy 2.000 shares of capital stock. Each pays in cash or installments, $1.000. Each pays in labor, $1,000. Each receives a daily wage of $4, from which is deducted one dolla r for the stock he is working out. From the remainder comes his living expenses. Whatever margin he may have above deduction fo r stock a nd living expenses is credited to his individual account , payable out of the surplu s profits of the enterpri se. If a n installment member falls ill , is disabled or disemployed. the Colony gives him every opportunity to recover a nd resume payments. In no case will he be crowded. If he find s it impossible to resume payments, we will, upon request. is~ue stock for the full a mount he has paid. This is tra nsferable a nd may be sold to his best advan tage . In this we will undertake to assist wherever practicable. Corporations a re not allowed by law to deal in their own stock. The Wee kly Newspaper. 1 HE LLANO COLONIST, gives the news of the world. of the Socialist movement a nd of the Labor movement in condensed form . It carries the colony news, etc . The subsc ription rate is SOc a year. Both the Western Comrade and the Lla no C olonist to one na me fo r 75c. What The Llano Community Offers You W E have an abundance of sparklin ~ wa te r from mountain Atreams suff1c ient to irriga te tho usands of fe rtile. ac res whe re nalure·s bounty is limitless . We arc conducting an a g ri - cultural, horticultural, stockraising ent~ rprise. \Ve ha ve a number of industrial plants operating and a numht•r of o thers projected. We have nearly 800 residents at the new city of Llano and thousands present success. This fac t must be obvious to all. The management of the Llano del Rio Community has never been unmindful of the fact that there is a numberless army that cannot take advantage of this plan of co·operation. Many letters come in that brea the biller and deep disappointment. No one could regret this mo re than we do. It is o ur hope that the day will come o f o thers are pla nninR to make it thf'ir ho me in the future . Thc_rc a n· ('Xccllcnl schools. among them ,, w onderful Montesorri school ''hen successful co -operati ve groups can say to thei r s tripped, rob- which lakes charge of the children <1 t two years of age. Schools range from this lo the high school. Writ<' today for an application blank, fill it out and send and understanding of comradeship and co-operation a re welcome:· lo~e tlw r w ith a remi tt ance o f $10 or more to secure yo ur membership. You can then arran ~e to pay $10 a month or more until you t"an so ad jus.t yo ur affairs that you c an mak e final pay ment rmJ join your comrade~ who have already bo rne the f1rst hrunl of pionecrin~. i~ prov iding for the future whil{' his brothers land a re bearing the brunt o f the pioneering. ·n,e clim.tte is delightful. the soil fl'rtilc, the wa ter pure and the bed and exploited brothers: "You who come with willing hands '[be installment plan of paym~nt whereby one pays $10.00 a rnonth is proving satisfac tory. On this plan the absent comrade P EHSONS canno t be admilted to residence at the colony upon the payment of $10.00 or any o ther sum less than the initial payment fee. Hundreds write and suggest they be al· lowed In pay a small amount. or in ~orne cases. nothing a l all , then enter th<· colony and work out the remainder of their shares. If the colony permitted this there would soon be a hundred thousand applications. The money derived from these initial payments is used to pay for land. improvements machinery and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. .It takes considerable time to bring a large agricultural undertaking to a productive point. The colony must proceed along ·sound financial lines in order to continue its l is ters on the Families entering the colony begin to draw from the commissary. Some of the food, all the clo1hing, much of the material they d raw, costs money. The inilial membership fee goes to offset the support of familie• un til the colony shall be on a paying basis. sociill life grows morr ideal as the <""o lony inc re ases in numbers. SOUND FINANCING NECESSARY and W IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED HEN a member of the colony dies his shares and credits like any other property, go to his heirs. Only Caucasian• are admitted. We have had applications from Negroes, !!indus, :\longolia ns and Malays. The rejection of these applica· tiuns .u e- nol due to race prcjuJicc but because it is not deemed c.-xpedient to mix racC"s in these communities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. All household goods and other shipments should be ro nsigned to the name of the owner, P almdale, California, care Llano Colony. Goods will be stored in the colony's warehouse until o rdered mo\'ed to Llano. All shipments should be pre· paid. otherwise they cannot be moved and sto:age o r demurrage may be charged. Freight transportation between the colony and !li I I I I I - - -.:} �I ' ·' t I I iii 'I: I ,I ,I ' I ' I i: !t til,, i(t the station is by means of auto trucks. Passengers are carried in the colony's auto stages. In shipping household goods, it will be well to ship only ligh ter goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and heavy articles should not be shipped from points where freight rates are high. Individuals may own their own automobiles and many colonists do own them. All livestock, poultry, etc., are kept in the departments devoted to those industries. The aim is to keep the residence portion of the colony clean and sanitary. DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES I N conducting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Community it has been found that the fewer inflexible rules and regulations the greater the harmony. Instead of an elaborate constitution and a set of laws the colonists have a Declaration of Principles and they live up to the spirit of them. The declaration follows: Things which are used productively must be owned collectively. The rights of the Community shall be paramount over those of any individual. Liberty of ac tion is only permissible when it does not restrict the liberty of ano ther. Law is a restriction of liberty and is only just when operating for the benefit of the Community at large. Values crea ted by the Community shall be vested in the Com· munity a lo ne. The individual is not justly ent itled to more land than is sufficient to satisfy a reasonable desire for peace and rest. Productive land held for profit shall not be held by private ownership. Talent and intelligence are gifts which should rightly be used in the service of others. The developmen t of these by educa tion is the gift of the Community to the individual. and the exercise of grr :t lf"• r.llility ent i tl("c; none to the false rewards of greater possessions. hut only to the joy of greater service to others. Only by iden tifying his interests and pleasures with those of others can man find real happiness. (I· ,I' \'·' 1: i! l! II The duty of the individual to the Community is to develop ability ro the greates t degree possible by availing himself of all educ•tional faci lities and to devote the whole extent of that ability to the service o f all. The duty of the Community to tho individual is to administer justice, to eliminate greed and selfi shnes.. to educate all and to aid M CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS ANY persons who wan t to know how the affairs of tho Llano del Rio Community are conducted think, in order to get this information. they mus t secu re a copy of a con · !! , I and his two assistants. II !l l,i ll I l T WHAT COLONISTS ESCAPE HE electric light bill, the water bill, the doctor's bill, the drug bill, the telephone bill, the gas bill, the coal bill, the dentist's bill, the school book suppiics bill, the sewer assessment bill, and car fare, the annoyance of the back door peddler and beggar (Henry Dubbs who think the trouble is individual ha rd luck), the hundred and one greater and smaller burdens on the house· holder, and the lean weeks caus~d by disemployment and the con sequent fear of the future. There is no landlord aml no ren t is charged. While they are charged with living expenses. for food and cloth · ing. the colonists never fear meeting the grocery bill. the milk. the clothing bill, the laundry bill. the butcher's bill. and other inev itable and multitudinous bills that burden the struggling workers in the outside world. For the tax bill he has no fea r. The colony oflicials attend to the details of all overhead. To colonists the a museme nts, spor ts, pastimes , dances, enter tainments and a ll cdu · c al ional faci lities a re free. The Directors o f the company are : J ob Harriman, president ; Frank E. Wolfe, vice-president ; G. P . McCorkle, treasurer; C. M. Cason. auditor; F. P. McMahon, vice-president ; W. A. Engle, sec· retary; D. J. Wilson. vice-president ; A. F. Snell and Emma J. Wolfe. any m time o f age or misfortune. stitution and by-laws. There is no constitution. The Llano Com · munity contents itself with a "declaration of principles" which is printed above. The management of the Colony rests with tht· board of managers, a member of which is the superintendent I meetings as many persons as can crowd in the room are always present. These meetings are held every night and they are unique in that n·o motions are ever made, no resolutions adopted and no _minutes are kept. The last action on any matter supercedes all former action and this stands until the plans are changed. The plan is working most admirably and smoothly. At these nightly meetings the work for the next day is planned, teams are allotted. workers are shifted to the point where the needs are grP.atest, and machinery is put on designated work, transportation is arranged, wants are made known. and filled as near as practiable. The board of directors, membors of which are elected by the stockholders, meets once a week and has charge of the financial and business management of the enterprise. These directors arc on the same basis as all their comrades in the colony. At the general assembly all persons over eighteen years of age, residing in the colony, have a voice and vote. These managers are selected fo r their frtness and ability. The business and financial affairs of the enter · prise a re conducted by the board of direc tors who are elected by the stockholders. T he corpo ra tion hy -laws are the stereotyped corporation by.laws of almos t every ~ tate. The o nly innovation is in the res t ric tin~ of anyone from vo ting more th an 2000 shares of stock. re~ardl ess of how many shares are held. As this is to be the ultimate holding of every member, this is considered a strong pro tec ti ve clause. The incorporation charter is also the usual type and gives th e corporation the right to tra nsact almost all manner of business. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, safe, and well construed. There is no disposition on the part of sta le officials to interfere. COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT T HE LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a remarkable form of management that is the result of evolution. The management of the affairs of the colony industries arc in the hands of the various department managers. There are about twenty-fi ve of these departments and in each department there are divisions. Over some of these divisions are foremen . All these are selected fo r their experience and fi tness for the positi? n. At the managers' You'll know each weekjust what is being done in Llano. You'll know how the different departments are progressing, about visitors, about new members, all the things you are interested in. LLANO COLONIST This is the new weekly newspaper with its news of the world boile:l down to a few paragraphs, its news of the doings of the people of the city of Llano, and its editorials on co-operation. Subscribe NOW and get it all. SOc a Year-In Combination with The Western Comrade, to one address, 75c. Circulation Department LLANO DEL RIO COLONY Llano, Cal. ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS AND MAKE ALL PAYMENTS TO THE II ~I Uano del Rio Company of Nevada, Reno, .N evada \~.---------- v- �Information About The Uano del Rio Co-operative Colony T HIS is the greatest Community Enterprise ever launched in America. The colony was founded by Job Harriman and is situated in the beautiful Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, California a few hours' ride from Los Angeles. The community is solving the problem of disemployment and business fa ilure, and offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their fa milies. Here is an example of co-opera tion in."action. Llano del Rio Colony is an enterprise unique in the history of community groups. It was established in an attempt to solve the problem of un employmen t by providing steady employment for the workers; assure safety and comfort for the future a nd for old age; to guaran tee education for the children in the best school under personal supervision and to provide a socia l life am id surroundin gs better than can he found in the competitive world. About 800 persons are residents of the new city of Llano, making it the largest town in the Antelope Valley. More than 200 pupils will atte nd the opening of the schools this year. Pla ns are under consideration for housing pupils in a n eco nomical and very healthful manner. The Montesorri school , the largest in California. will be continued as the first step in the school system . Pupils will be taken through the intermediate work and given High School tra ining. During the summer a Vacation School has bee n conducted in which botany, domestic sciences, agriculture, biology, languages, practical farming and other subjects have been taught in a very successful ma nner. Several industries are being operated by the school. such as ca ring for the chickens, mil king goats and gardenin g. To please the children the school has been named the S ierra Madre colony. The boys build houses. farm a nd take care of thei r own live stock. The girls lea rn sewing and cooking. The children feed and partly cloth themselves. Rabbits. chickens. turkeys. horses, goats. and many pels are owned by the children. They lea rn co-operation a nd develop a sense of responsibility, besides ha ving a good time and acq uiring an educa tion . They have 65 acr<.s o f ga rden now and next year they expect to have more than I 00 acres. Their poultry department will increase the present one thousand or more to 25,000 chickens. The colony owns a fine herd of l 05 Jersey and Holstein cattle. besides about 80 head of young stock ranging from calves to heifers a year and a half of age. The 75 work horses, large tractor, Caterpillar engine, three trucks, and numerous automobiles do the heavy work a nd the hauling. Thoroughbred Berkshires, Duroc-Jerseys, and Poland Chinas are in the hog pens. Experiments will demonstrate which are the best suited to Llano. Stock will be kept pure and high prices will be commanaed. 200 head are now on hand. About In the rabbitry are about 3000 Belgian and New Zealand Red rabbits. The number will be ultimately multiplied by about ten when quarters are constructed to accommodate the increase. The nursery shows thousands 'lf grape cuttings in the ground, and thousands of shade and fruit trees, as well as berries. Honey is a part of each day's food supply. Bee colonies number 668 and are in charge of expert bee men . Several thousa nd stands will be the number in a few years. They are increasing rapidly. Among the industries are the la undry, printing plant, ca nnery, hotel. planing mill, saw mill, machine shop, rug weaving plant, fish hatchery, brick yard, lime kiln, and many others. An ice plant, tannery and shoe factory a re expected to be among colonv industries soon. 13y acq uiring the timber on a portion of 1he San Gabriel Forest reserve from the United States government. the securing of lumber for building is made easy. One million feet will be cut at once. without injuring the forest. Fa rming on a large scale by use of modern machinery with experienced farme rs in cha rge of the different activities saves labor and expense and gains quick and satisfactory results. More garden will be planted each year, a nd each year's success will become more pronounced as the adaptability of different species and the resources of the soil are better understood. Community gardening is highly satisfactory. Socia l li fe is delightful. The Llano baseball team has been victorious thro~ghou l the valley. Da ncing, swimming. picnickin g, camping. hunting, fishing, .are popular. Lla no boasts of a brass band and severa l orchestras. Literary entertainments a re an established feature. The several hundred acres now in alfalfa t.a re to be increased by a t least 300 ac res more this fall ; the land is now being prepared. This year seven cuttings are confidently expected. Two orchards are producing. About 400 acres in all are now planted to trees. All are doing extremely well a nd are healthy a nd growing. More than 26,000 two-year old peach, pear and apple trees were pla nted last spring. Six hundred and forty acres have been set aside for the new city to be built. The brick yard and the lime kiln are both running. When it is considered time to go ahead, the construction of the new city will be commenced. It will be different from any other in the world and will be unique, comfortable, sanitary, handsome, home-like, modern, and harmonious with·· their surroundings. 1' i ~~~~~~~~~~=~~~~~~~~~~~-~-~~z~~~~~~~~~~- ~ �' j 1 I l l 'l ;j ) 'j i : l ,,I' ;! ISSUED AU GUST Cover Page ,)I(l I. /!I ~~~ lll ,j 'I h~ roo•t wonderful poiitical card ha• been built by Llano Socialists. A brief statement of what the Llano Community now has accomplished and wha t is being done. Socialist Stale Secretary Wishes Colony Success.. 6 II has been repor ted that the Socialist Pa rty of Ca lifornia is opposed to the Colony. Comrade Secretary_ Thos. W. Williams correc ts this impression fll I( I ~!l the world In formation About Lla no ----------------------------------- _4 !ll !!I Iii m regards th e state o ffice. Editorials -----------·-·····------- ----------·----·------------ --- -··--- 7 By J ob Harriman A Trip Over The Llano .......... ........ ----·-·------·· ----- 10 In which Rbbert K. Williams takes his readers over the " Loop Trip" and shows them some of the wonders of Llano, toge ther with the mos t recent im- I I I provements. Ll ano Offer~ Aid to Social Democrat... ... ............ IS Linno Bean Cultu re --· -······- ·· ...... __ ------- -------------·- 13 13y Wesley Zornes . The Mystery of Dea th (Poem) ............ _____________ _14 By George Mauricio. ur New Print Shop ___ __ ___ ______ ___ ___________________ ________ IS The first of a senes of ar ticles on industries a t Ll nno. There Me ahou t thi rty of them. An Art Vocation.... ---·----·------------------ ·- ----------------- 17 The first of a se ries of articles in the " Arts and Music" section . Blood and Iron ... ............................................... 18 13y Gray Harrim ~n. 10th , l916 Llano Manana .................................................... 16 By Frank E. 'l olfe. A glimpse into the futurt F Llano by one ' ho has been connected with it from the first . Learning By Doing.............................................. 19 By Mildred G. Buxton. l11e first artide in our newly established "Educa tionnl" secti n. What The Writers Say........................................ 20 Each mo nth the WESTERN COMR DE , ill Qivc the substance of the leading nrtides in le dinQ moRn· 2mes. Industries, Institutions, Recreations ....................22 Some of the d ifferen t phases of ac tivity nt Llano. Therapeutics .......... ..... . ............................. .... 23 By Dr. John 'Dequer. Outline Plan of Work For Yea r .......................... 23 What Llano Women Do ......................... ............. 25 As the title indica tes. it showe how women nrc assis ting m the bui lding of the grrn t o·opern tive community. What Our Visitors Say ...... ..................................25 Int eresti ng letters from thos.c who have been here. Jottings of julius... .... ........................................ .26 Pi thy pa rag raphs th nt comment on the dny' 1 new• «nd v1ews. The Llano System................ .. ........................... 26 Ano ther int eresting article on Llano education . The Cooks' Corner..............................................27 Llano Girls Perform ........ ----.......... ......................28 With the Hustlers ... ........................................... .29 Our Next Issue The Next Issue of The Western Comrade will be dated August- September, and will be Issued about September 1Oth In order to make the number of the is ue conform with the month, the next ISSUe of THE WESTERN COMRADE will he dated August-September. All names will be advanced two months on the mailing list to make this up for months when the WESTERN ffi\1RADE '~ not i ned. ~ • th t the CO.!IRADE is housed in its own new home it will he umed regularly eac:h month. �Socialist State Secretary 'Wishes · Colony ·,success OFFICE OF 'f'HO~fAS SOCIAI... IS~r 'W. 'WJJ.J.JA .' \1,_ PAR~.ry OF CAI_...IFORNIA 130T "·· ·i-l'hn !0\T. J,O!!'i A:"'IGF.LE!'iO, CAL. june 29th, 1916 John Van Nuland Llano, California Dear Comrade: Yours with orders for due stamps received. I am enclosing stamps in this letter. I note what you say in regard to the Colony and the Socialist Party a nd have this to say in reply. am pleased to to know that conditions are improving in the local a t Llano and also that conditions are improved in the Colony. 1\ mistaken notion has obtained in the minds of some of the colonists that I was opposed to the Colony, and that I was fighting it. aught to retard its success. This is the farthest from the truth . I have never consciously done On the contrary I have been very solicitous for its success and would re- JOICe with you in seeing it realize its full purpose and object. I realize, both for the interest of the Colony and the Party, the promoters of the Colony made a mistake in not clearly and definitely showing that there was no connection between the party and the Colony . Had this been done it would have been better for both orga ni zations. My reasons for stating this that many people we~t into the Colony with the idea that it was a Socialist In- stitution and having an exaggerated idea as to what the Colony would accomplish, expecting the In- auguration of the Co-operative Commonwealth. They were necessa rily disappointed and ready to blame Socialism for their failure to realize the impossible. I was anxious therefore to make it ciear to the public that the Socialist Party _as an organization was in no sense connected with this or any other Colony. This was all I cared to accomplish. did not , neither would I, say or do anything which would or could be used to disparage the effort being made by the Colonists there to realize a certain amount of relief, even under capitalism. I wish to assure you that I have and will continue to watch with intense interest the progress of the olony a nd no one will be more pleased to see it succeed than myself. Will be pleased to hear from you at any time and will thank you for any information showing the progress and growth of the Colony. Fraternally Yours, THOS. W. WILLIAMS Secretary-Treasurer. �-~ Political Action Co-operation Direct Action The Western Comrade Devoted to tbe Cause of tbe LLANO, CALIFORNIA, JUNE-JULY. W Editorials ILSON or Hu ghes- which shall it be? Wilson is the most radical and yet the most substantial of Democrats. His policy is established. He stands for peace . He will not go to wa r until he is forced . His honesty '" not ques tion<'d by his party. His ability is not questioned hy his enemy. His pa rty is united . His ca mpaign fund is <mall. Hu ~h es is the mos t co nse rvativ e a nd yet th e most sub; ta nti al of all Republicans. His policy is known . He will loll ow a nd pro tec t Ame rica n int erests in foreign lands. He hPiieves th a t th e ri ch a re di vinely en tru sted with eco nomic and political power. and th at milita ry po we r should be used with boldness a nd despa tch. His hon esty and ability a re not questioned . His party is divided . His ca mpaign fund is unlimited. Peace or wa r ?- thi s is the iss ue. Pr~pa redn ess is not th e i"sue. Prosperit y is not the iss ue. Hu ghes sta rt s with a n adva nt age . Ta ft a nd Roose velt received about 1.500,000 votes more than Wilson , . but they \\"e re so div ided th at Wilson won. Will they unite or will Wil son's sta nd for peace draw them away from their former affiliations. Will the Progressives go back to wallow in the mire ? Can Roosevelt lead them back for his own future political preferment? The Progressive pa rty is dead. Some will bac kslide to Hu ghes. Som e will slide over to Wilson·. Many will prog ress to Socialism. B LESSINGS! What are they? Where are they to be found? Have we not looked lon g enough for them in the skies ? If you would find the bl essin gs of this world, then look to the poor. The heart of nature throbs there. Burns, the Christ of Scotland, aro se like a mountain out of that social deep. All the heart-aches a nd joys found there he knew and felt and was. From this sea of social life come all things- all movements really worth while. The food, the clothing, the houses a nd palaces and buildings of state, and gold and 'jewels and costly raiment, pour out in an exhaustless, world-supplying stream, from their poor lives. There. at the mouth of that stream, tl'-·~ rich stand and divert it to their own wicked purpose, and point a finger of scorn at the fountain from which it flowed. Workers 1916. Nos. 2 and 3 By Job Harriman Is it not time that we were learning that human energy is the fountain from which all blessings flow? Let this energy be conserved in every human being, from his cradle to his grave. Take not one jot nor one tittle of energy from any huma n being, lest you prevent his growth a nd development and rob yourselves of the social fruits that would ripen with his greatest possible achievements. What th e world has ·lost by diverting and wasting this energy can never be known. What will be gained by its conservation is beyond our fonde st dream s. T HE rich and the poor! How different their points of view, their lives a nd their ideas ' What a chasm lies between them. Their camps are hostil e. Their ne ggtiations are always conducted under a flag of truce. They are always preparing for ~ struggle. Each mistrusts the other. They will not mingle socially. The one thinks himself better, more intelligent and of finer quality than the other; one looks down upon the other with contempt, while the other returns the compliment with hatred . The one is satisfied with his lot. His home is artistically and beautifully adorned. His wants are all supplied with luxuries. The other is restless a nd rebellious. He has no home and his wants are met with disappointments. The one lives without working; the other works without living. The one dwells in fear and the other in despair. The one makes the law, is protected by it, and finds h1s liberty within it. The other has little, if any, voice in it> making, is caught in its meshes and loses his "liberty in its operations. The one owns the means of production; the · other produces all things. The energy of tne one is wasted in luxurious living and . consumes the energy of the other as a flame of fi~e. The one has contempt for the fountain at which he drinks; the other hates the mouth he feeds. The one rides in the chariot and lashes the other who draws it. The one is a patriot. The other is a rebel. What else could they be? �Eight The Western Comrade W OULD you educate your child'? What do you mean by education? Would you make him like yourself, or have you some idol after which you would pattern him? Have you made up your mind to mold him in th, cast of a preacher. or a lawyer, or a merchant? Then forget your idea, for children are not educated with straight jackets. Your child is already born and in action. He is the man in embryo. fhe questiOJ{ is not what you can make him, or how you can .nould him, but how you can develop him. The child's brain is all ready to unfold. If it is a rose. it .viii unfold as a rose; but no amount of pedagogic maneuverfilgs can cause it to unfold into a carnation. You may prevent ·t from unfolding, but you cannot change its nature nor SU<.:ressf ully make it what it is not. . It is our aim at Llano to surround the child with every oppo rtunity to enjoy himself by playing in the industries and :uts, a nd. while h" ts playing. to observe his likes and tendeu~.: ;e ,. and then tempt him to continue in the line of his strongest impulses. Under ti1is influence, his mind quickly opens and readily takes the food for which he has a mental aptitude. Under such influences, the bmin grows, unfold~ a nd matures as naturally as any flower or fruit or any other living tl-img in nature. The embryo man is permitted and aided to develop into what his whole being desires and in which he will be happy. Blessed is the man who is happy in his work, and thrict {,iessed is he who finds that work in his childhood. N OW comes Mary Loy, "secretary of a Socialist local in California" also protesting that the Socialis~ party has no connection with the Llano del Rio Colony. Of course not. \Vho said it had? The time, however, is not far distant when the Socialist party will be proud of the achievemen_ts of the Socialist comrades at Llano. We are showing the ;:'.ucialists of the world how to do, right now, what they say the fut~re has in store for mankind. We are blazing the way from a capitalist state to a socialist society. We are surrounded by caDitalism and are subject to all its laws. So, also, is each and every socialist. Arguments do not relieve you of your burdens. Efforts do relieve us. We are demonstrating to the socialists that ·their theories are correct. What more can we do? What more can you ask? We need your help and kindly wishes. If you cannot give them will you at least refrain from helping our common enemy? Please do as much as the old negro asked his good Lord to do as the grizzly bear approached him with his jaws open and his claws readv for the fray, "Good Lord," he said, 'if you can't help me, for de Lords sake don't you help dat dar bar; and you'll see one ob de goldarnest fights you eher saw in all yo' life, dat's what you will." L lTERATURE is being scattered broadcast, containin~ statements to the effect that Llano is a capitalist prop-· osition . This is not true The very essence of capitalism is the wage system, by means of which one makes money out of the labor of another. This fact, which ·is essential m capitalism, does not obtain at Llano. Each stockholder agrees to buy two thousand shares o• stock, and no more. Ea-:-h person works for . four dollars a. day. He consumes what is necessary, and • the balance accumulates to his credit. Also, that which he produces, over and above four dollars, goes to the corporation, in which he: has an equal share. It i~ apparent, therefore, th... t all stockholders :1a ve an equal mcome, with an e<]t:al interest in the surplus product. This· colony, lor th)s reason, is fundamentally different from capitalism. Our ~chools are in line .with our economic views awl the children will be trained in the industries of the Colony. Their ~duca tion will fit them for a community life, founded upon ft community interest. From an educational point of view, this 1s the very ai1~ithesis of capitalist schoois. We are organized as a corporation. The advantages of a corporation over an association are so numerous that space \!ill not permit their mention. A few, however, may be men· tioned. Already, men have come with the intent to destroy the Colony. Were we an association. we could not get nd of such men, but as a corporation, there is no difficulty. Were we an association, anyone desiring, could go into court ii!ld dissolve the partnership; as a corporation, this cannoi be done. As an association, it would be almost impossible to conduct the affairs of a community; as a corporation, there is no difficulty. It goes without saying thl'lt w~ are subject to the laws on taxation, to the criminal laws, to the laws of inheritance, to the iaws of domestic relations. to the laws on parent and child, etc., and, for this reason, we are not and cannot be absolutely a socialist colony. Neither can any colony escape the laws of the country within which the colony is located. But these laws do not weigh upon us any heavier th'ln they do upon other peupte outside the Colony. While the advantage of an equal income, an equal interest in the surplus pro· duct and shorter. hours of labor or increase of wages, to eventually consume the surplus product, will place us on an entirely different footing .fro!IJ those who are on the outside, under capitalism. We feel confident that Lla.w is as near a sol:ialist colony as can be developed under capitalism. It is so much better than capitalism that those who have departed are beginni:Jg to regret their act, and some are wishing that they might return. W E are told by a most remarkable book that the ghost of Cresar still lives and though it has left the plains of Phillipi, yet it stalks abroad in Russia and Germany; that it has become, at once, the spirit of the Czar and the Kaiser; that both these crowns bear the ancient general's name; that the spirit of this hero of many wars was planted both in Russia and in Germany, much as one v.-ould plant a potntu, and that, �The Western Comrade .fter twenty centuries, it has ripened into this terrible mili•arism, which is robbing Europe of its first born and devastaing the land. What ·a unique theory! It would have required the imagi"ation of a Dante to have shot farther from the truth. Germany is, and for many centuries has been, surroUJ~ded ·•n all sides by bitter and powerful enemies. This fact has , 'eveloped a German "fatherland," a German solidarity, a Ger,,,an military organizaion, military equipment, seige guns, ht apnel and forts have developed as naturally as the quills ,,j the porcupine or the fangs of the wolf.. These were first rnea ns of defense a nd then of conquest. And what of England, where Ccesar's legions also visited? J, England's navy the ripe fruit of the canoes in which <::cesar's ! roops paddled their way across the Channel? Or did the navy of England arise out of the fact that pirates ,Ji;turbed her vessels of commerce? And did her commerce ''o' arise out of the fact that England was a n island and that 1he English were forced to put to sea? Did not England's "" rly colonization policy grow out of her commercial neces, jly) And is her navy not a great winged sea wolf, hoverIf\ over a nd protecting her colonies and her commerce? Shades of Napoleon a nd of Ccesar. it is time to roll over. H APPY is the man who ts inspired by reason and hope ; but hope without reason is better than reason without hope. \ 1 T£ have chosen to locate our Colony in California. because it is the mecca of the homeseeker who has grown , ick a nd tired of the sweltering summer heat, the winter rains, , torms, snow and ice of the East. The climate of California needs neither defender nor advocate. The variety of fruits and crops grown here tell of the richness and fertility of the soil, while . the water in the nearby mountains has, with a little labor, converted this country in to a land of fruit and flowers, milk and honey. Whoever visits this district is caught in its mighty grip and he ld by its delightful charm and splendid possibilities. While alfalfa and grain matures to perfection, yet it is the home of the almond, the olive, the pear, the cherry, the · apple, and all deciduous fruits. There is no place in the world where a great~r variety of ' taple foods grow and mature to perfection, than at Llano; California. On this favored spot is arising an ideal city, surrounded with fields, and orchards, and gardens, all ministering to and :na king possible a social and economic condition for which we have so long yearned, and of which we have dreamed. VY M ILITARISM, with all its cruelties, is a child of conflicting economic interests. By virtue of its superior power, enemies are overcome ; interests are protected; in' titutions are established; privileges are guaranteed; and the Nine means by which such ends are gained are ac.c epted by the victors as the right means. Whoever successfully wields such power can no more be persuaded to surrender it than could the tiger be persuaded to surrender its claws or the adder its fangs. The difference between mankind and' the beasts · and serpents is that one bite and claw 11nd kill ~nd are silent after their victory; while man •. conscious of his terrible slaughter, throws a cloak of righteousness about the means of destruction. If either the Austro-German or the Allies win, their arms will .be made glorious, and the "righteousness" of militarism will be established. So far as the victors ' are concerned, militarism will determine what is right. Whoever questions this, let him go up against it. If he does not see th~ light, he will. at least, see stars. F OR the most part we travel backward through this world. We look at the pathway over which we have passed and think we are looking forward. All our kindred experiences blend and compound each with the other, and become composite sensations or groups, which constitute our ideas. Likewise every group relates · itself to every other grotip, and the ideas thus related constitute one's philosophy of this world and of life. Those who are deeply impressed by their experiences are necessarily possessed of definite ideas and of a more or less positive philosophy. The more positive our philosophy, the more we seem inclined to consider it a forecast or prophesy, whereas it is but the more vivid reflection .;,. of the past. The future is and for ever will be a veiled mystery, a land of speculation. It is in the past and present that the treasures have been and always will be found. During the accumulation of our experiences every nerve tingles and vibrates in response to the infinite variety of scenes and sounds and influences ever impinging, while the brain absorbs it all until the day of conscious correlation comes, the curtain seems to rise and the past is lived over again in the memory and in the understanding. How similar is the philosophy of those who travel similar pathways, and how different from those of different experiences. How uncharitable we are with the brain that has been carried without fault of its own into other surroundings, subjected to different influences, resulting in altogether different sensations and correlations. Instead of being impatient because its story differs from our~. we should be fascinated and delighted to hear the stories and see the pictures that the world has written and painted there. REJOICE if your enemy deems you a fool; for if it is true no harm can result; but if it is false you have a great advantage. WE are dreamers of dreams and proud to dream. All our dreams center around our children and their task which will come to them in this wonderful Llano. �J Ten A Trip Over The Llan·Os, a. A N idea was just handed to me to han& this month's ranch story on. It was suggested that we describe the ranch · activities by taking you with us over the place, on what is known as the. loop route. Suppose we load up the auto with an interested crowd of people and start from the hotel after breakfast. We are on our way and, whirling through the big gate. we turn to the left and pass with a whiz by the industrial building, and on the right lie. 65 acres of alfalfa.. Immediately a cool breeze strikes us, and the eye is restea with the undulating motion of green. To the left is part of Llano town. built since last August. A year ago the plate where now stand dozens of tents, substantial adcbe structUres and pretty wooden houses, was a corn field. This is pointed out and explained to show how time and labor has wrought changes, and it always proves of interest. The nursery to the left next comes in view. and the auto is slowed down a bit while the varieties of. berries, trees, grapes and other things being experimented with and grown by horticulturist Dawson are shown and explained. Beyond the nursery can be seen 35 acres of newly planted pears, and between the symmetrical green rows straight furrows of beans, waving in the morning air, give a pleasing tone to the scene. To the north just a little way from the orchard are ten acres of green Soudan grass which is growing finely. This will be used for ensilage and help as a soil builder. Further to the north the fine 4-year old pear orchard, containing 40 acres, always elicits pleased expressions and it is explained that it was not allowed to bear this year but that next year a considerable crop will be grown. We now cross a little bridge over the rapid stream K. wi .tliams rushing to the north. The big 150 by 40 reet 'COW barn :smn ; right in the road apparently. By its side looms up the 3 i) ton silo. In front of the silo the auto halt.s and \\fe all g<t out and go into the cool barn and look at the neat arran&•· ment for the care of the dairy herd. Contented cows to th\. nurnber of 65 or 70 at the present time milking, having theil heads through stanchions, eating with much relish the alfall., from the mangers. The place is shadowy and cool. Back of the barn is a concrete tank to hold the refuse, which is carted to the fields to enrich the ground. A round concrete drinking fountain constantly full of fresh runnin ~ water awaits the thirsty animal. · The cattle may drink around the circle and never touch horns with opposite neighbors. The circular drinking fountain is a success. The silo, made of 8-inch cement blocks, is banded together by strong iron bands which prevent swelling or bursting •..,£ the ,ides from the t.remendous pressure wrought when the en· ~ilage is fermenting within. It is explained that crops are now being grown with which to fill for winter feed. The safP.st and best feed known made in the silo. Visitors always remark on the number of fly traps about the ranch. These are place.d about the barn and elsewhere. Now we will cross over to the pig pens. There is nothing particularly romantic about this part of the ranch; nor have the pork family palatial house~; visitors are chiefly interested in the swine themselves. Above the feeding place are several fields of alfalfa, and it is a pretty sight to see the rounded backs and broad ~nou lders of several hundred hogs as they graze in the succulent feed. Veterinary Dr. Capron and john Will will explain the dil· fercnce between the Duroc-Jersey and the Berkshire and thl' Partly Oeared llano lands-Site for New City �The Western Comrade oland China, and expatiate at considerable length on hog ,,smg much to the edification otnd enjoyment of those in the ; •rty. Very frequently we have hog raisers with us, and they , r course, are intensely interested and from them Dr. Capron .ad Mr. Will have received many suggestions and told ol . ·teresting experiments. The -hog ·family is constantly grow. 1g, and it is the aim of those in charge of this department · ' keep it up to standard, increasing it with the finest stock. Now we will· go back to the auto and 'whirl over to \tanager Kilmer's rabbit department. People generally, and ···pecially the children, like to see the cunning little rabbits 1 here seems to be an irresistible desire on the part of most p~ople to stick their fingers into the tender sides or tickle ,:,e pink noses of the baby rabbits. In the hutches are to be found mothers with litters of '· vung to the number of several hundred. In the rest houses , onstrucred of adobe, rabbits, seemingly in myriads, lie· on 1he floor resting and breathing as fast as their little ribs will H them. At the present time in the hutches, runs and adobe houses are more than two thousand rabbits. Manager Kilmer will increase the number of hutches, increase the number of does to probably 800 or 1000 and from this increased number expects confidently to ~et a supply of rabbits that will go a long way toward solving the meat problem of the Colony. In addition to the meat supply furnished by the rabbits, rhe hides are taken and tanned and then made into several '" eful articles. The rug department has made several style, , f ra bbit rugs a nd automobile r~bes. It is said by those who ""rlerstand this sort of work that the usefulness of the rabbit hide is extensive. They can be used for hats, caps, gloves. 1rimmings, leggings, robes, rugs, etc. When tanned to softness ilw ~ur is delightful to handle. The chicken department is next on the route. However. al JHesent time the odd 900 chickens are being moved to a new lnration in the pear orcha rd east of the town. Nevertheless. "·c will go through the houses and have a look at the up-todate arrangement for the care of chickens. There are tw<' houses with a connecting cover between thein. Each house is nO feet long divided in ten-feet sections and a long window ' uns the full len ~th of the house on the eastern exposure. l'i1e roosts being on the western side are protected from "ortheast winds by the partitions. A row of nests along thP. front of the house are so arranged that ·the five feet sectin[l< 'an be taken down and readily cleaned. · . In the center of the house is an alcove in which are thre,. fountains constantly dripping. Dozens of chickens crowd thi• place to keep cool and que.nch their thirst. Two small door• permit of egress and ingress through the alcove. The feeding !roughs are fastened to the partitions and filled with drv •nash of an approved formula and fixed by two inch mesh wires which permit the heads of the chickens to go into th,. feed box. Waste is thus eliminated. The prison house for broody chickens is shown · consisting of a wire cage with roosts. Broody hens are sentenced for 48 hours to water .md green food, and at the end of that time . the incubation heat of the breast has been reduced to normal, and they are (eleased and soon go back to the sensible thing of lavin~t Eleven 1 1 ·..:ggs. We will now drive three-quarters of a mile to the Goodwin 1anch, where is located the Montesorri school, the second free \1ontesorri in the state and much the largest in the west. ! his school was established by· Mrs. Prudence Stokes Brown, • pupil of the famous ·Dr. Montesorri, now in Spain installing ·!,er system .of child culture for a three-quarter million dollar ree. 'Betw(.en forty and sixty children, ranging from 2Yz to 6 years attend this school daily, which is presided over by Mrs. Montesorri Tois Learn Housekeeping Masteller, Mrs. Wilhide, Mrs. Buxton, Mrs. Todd and Mrs. Whitzel. · Mrs. Brown is now on vacation in San Diego. The children are carried to the schools in automobiles, and the morning and evening rides start and end the ..day for the little tots nicely. It would take more space than this magazine has at its . disposal to tell of the things the Montessori system does for t.he child.. It is admittedly the best system· -o f child culture known. They lea rn reading, writing, deportment, domestic a rts; they learn to dress themselves and in fact learn by example to be perfect ljttle ladies and gentlemen without being conscious of having been taught. They live the thing and learn by c;liscovery. Opportunity is given fnr individual expression and it is astonishing to see how the children unfold and grow. Little ones of 4 a nd 5 are frequently more advanced in general practical. knowledge of life than grade schola rs in a verage schools. There is no doubt of the utility of the Montesorri system and there is aTso no doubt that the present exponents now engaged in it~ teaching here are amply. able to carry out the important given to the educational world by Dr. Montesorri. · We honestly consider that thd f lities offered the children for growth and un foldment shou d make it incumbent upon every mother and father to make ev.e ry effort to place their children in such an environment where love, co-operation and mutual help are living, pulsing things. · The school is growing and from time to time additional space will have to be added. Back of the Montesorri school is the colony tomato patch. A ten or twelve acre space i; fil!ed with thriving tomatOes, and everything points to a supply that will more than ca_rry the colony over the winter without importing a can. several acres of sweet potatoes join the tomato patch to the north. Sweet potatoes grow wonderfully well 'in the soils at Llano. Having been interested visitors to the school and )~ked over the green fields thereabouts, we will ride up a quarter of a mile. and see what the children are doing at the Sierra Madre colony. This colony is under the management of George T. Pickett and Mrs. Pickett, and embraces the school proper of Llano. Here are worked out industrially the problems of life and when the child, above the age of six, is finished in this school he will be able to take his proper place in the world 1: �Twelve The Western Comrade without having to discard a lot of rubbish accumulated from misleading histories, text books, etc. Feeling that the educational system generally is wrong and teaches things that work to the detriment of the human race a new and better one has been adopted. The school ro~m usually a prison house for young minds and bodies, will be used more for reference .and reading rooms than aught else. The problems in calculation will be taught in the open by actual contact with concrete things. The problem of how much profit Smith makes from a cow will be eliminated. It would take too long to explain how things are to be brought before the minds of the children, but suffice to say that music, art , literature, history, civics, surveying, language, domestic science, farm problems. cultivating, plowing, planting. irrigating, building. etc .. will be taught naturally and by actual practice. . Here are some of the teachers engaged in the .~ork of helpmg the children to expand: C. W . Hunlon, J. ]. Banbury, Miss Geister, Oli ver Zornes, Wesley Zornes, Miss Gladys Zornes, Miss Millt'r. Mrs Williams. Miss Austin, Mrs. George T. P1ckett. Mrs. Fox and Mrs. Banbury. Mr. West in the masonry and construction department. Botany, biology elocution, modeling, etc., are among the thin gs to he taught. More teachers will be added from time to time. The children have plowed and planted and grown vegetables thil t supply their tables; they have constructed brooder houses, fe nces. ditches, etc. , a re taking care of goat;, chickens, horses. rabbits. and other animals. They a re planning, building and wo rknH~ ha rd to have here one of the greatest schools in the country. where the boy and gi rl can get a practical educa tion that will be of real use a nd last as long as life. It is ha rd to break away from the Sierra Madre colony for here IS always so much to say and to see, for the citizen of the future can be pictured here. However. we will get into the car and ta ke you on over the loop. . To the right is the old Tighlman place. now the property of the colony, which soon will be headqua rters for many men who work on the eighty-acre garden close by. ·It is a nice place, and the gardens under Knobbs, Newmalt and others sh~w up nicely and never fail to receive the a pprova l of the VISitOr. Turning to the left after crossing the Tighlman ditch, we go to the sawmill, which is almost ready to cut the huge logs for th_e future needs of Llano. The mill has a 30,000 feet capac1ty and can be gotten ready to saw within a few days. · We retrace our steps and come back to the townsite where twenty foundations have been dug and some filled with stone ready for _houses. _The . townsite is a mile square and the city 1s to be _c~rcular w1th SIX great avenues leading to the center where ~1ll ?e the great buildings contributing to the business and soc1al hfe of the future city. It takes an architect to explain_the beauties of the architecture and draw the proper sort of p1cture, but the view to be had from the townsite is inspiring. The great Antelope valley lies like a wavering checker board at your f~et, and in the distant haze the Tehachapi mountams hang hke clouds. Miss Austin, the designer and Mr. Angell, the arch1tect. arc busy at work now working out the elevations. 6tc. Turning to the left a t the center of the townsite we continue onward to the lime kiln in Bob's Gap, two miles beyond, a nd at an elev~tion of considerably more than 3,700 feet. A great ledge of hme rock extends to unknown depth and for miles t~ the east and west. There is a lime kiln there and when run .. n_mg full blast, thirty or more barrels can b.-. turned out dailv. Experts say the lime is the best that can be procured. A grilnite house affords a place of refuge from the weather and the force there arc accommodated with mejlls and otherwise made comfortable by j. ]. Leslie. The lime production is now under the ch? rge of Mr. Stevens. · Leading to the left from the kiln is the log road to jackson's Lake where the timber is to be procured. However, we will take _the right road ~nd continue on. Through rugged scenery we nse to an elevahon of nearly 5000 feet and look off in the distance to the west and see the basin of the Big Rock, where the colony intends impounding a tremendous quantity of water. Lying on the hillside is the beautiful Valyermo ranch. where the finest fruit in the valley is grown. To the left lies the_ Shoemaker ranch, surrounded by trees and green alfalfa fields. Descending the winding hill we cross the Big Rock Creek rushing -madly down toward the colony and after crossing its limpid wa ters we enter a delightfully cool nook and travel for quite a distance in the delicious shade of the trees. The next point of interest is the dam site proper. We stop here and ascend the cut where the dam is to be made. After a strenuous climb of 300 feet and after regaining our breath. we point out the Big Rock, a bald monument of solid stone with a hole in the center, called the Devil's Punch Bowl. Lying below is the actual basin of the Big Rock. By damming up the narrow neck, less than 300 feet across to a height of II 0 feet , thousands of acre feet of water can be conserved. A magnificent view can be had from this elevation . There is no . t_n:'uble in convincing the most skeptical of the water poss1b1hhes of Llano when the dam site is shown and the rushing creek below is seen. The portal o( the tunnel is now visited on the way back to the colony. Here the water, never changing winter and summer. rushes out o f a tunnel three-qua rters of a mile in length. This wor k was done years ago by early settlers fo r the purpose, it is said , of reaching bedrock and thus conserving the known supply that lies on it. It was never commercially utilized . and is now one o f the possessions of the colony. This is idea l water for domestic purposes and will be used for _tha t. At present it is mixing with the regular stream of the B1g Rock and comes to the colony in ditches. After taking a huge drink and fillin g our ca nteens we again get into the a uto and cross over th~ rough, stony wash of the Big Rock, wh1ch 111 wmter lime_ 1s a raging torrent, and pass the upper mtake and then begm to ascend a forty rod, winding htll road. At the top a n inspiring panorama spreads before one like a great rem lving cylinder. To the west, north and east, mile upon mile, and losing themselves in dissolving dtstances, ghmmer n:ountains, fields, buttes and plains, while below the tented c :ty of the Llano glimmers in the sunlight. Giving a push to the gas throttle we hurry over the hard roads back to the hotel, w::ere dinner awaits, twenty-five miles left behind and a new impression created on the minds of the yearners after industrial freedom . The Price Of The Western Comrade Will Be 50c a Year Inc rease in prices of all materials used in gelling out THE WESTERN COMRADE has made i,, necessary lo discontinue lhe low clubbing rate of Z5c a year. Henccforlh. the subscription price will be 50c a year. no. maltcr what the number of subscriptions sent in . . .'bose . who have read lhe COMRADE during lhe last year know lhal 11 IS eastly worlh a dollar a year. compared wilh other magazines. But because we now have our own p rinting plan! equipped with the latesl lnlertype machmc mad~. and with a cylinder press that does fasl work. lhe low price of 50c a yea r can be made. 'lbe LLANO COLONIST will soon be in lhe mail. and every interesled reader of the COMRADE will also wanl it. Those. who renew now and subscnbe for the COLONIST a l the same time will receive both publicalions for 75c a year. The regular pnce of the COLONIST is 50c. �Thirteen The Western Comrade On" Year Later- Land Similar To That Shown on Page 10 Llano Bean Culture T HE bean is grown in widely different cl imates. It grows in the cold climates of New England and equally well in the sub-tropical climate of Florid a . Its ability to procluce well in widely different climates and soils has given the bean a place of econom!c importance in the United States. In many states it has become as much a staple crop as wheat was a quarter of century ago. In food value the bean i~ classed with meat, according to the United States department of Agriculture, (bulletin No-. 12 1, page 37, table No. 3 ) reckoned in energy to the body. I he bean has more tha n twice the value of meat. Its chief value. howe ver. lies in its importa nce as a green 1:1:11lUre crop. We have planted this year thirty acres of field beans as a cove r c rop in our orchards. In this way we are producing a \ aluable food a nd increasing the fe rtility of our soil~ a t the ':~ m e time. In selecting the soil best adopted to the culture of the bean, "·e took into consideration the chemical elements necessary for the production of plant food. Upon in vestigation we found tha t its culture was most successful on glaciated soils, which r ontains the elements of potash, lime and phosphoric acid 111 large quantities. Our soil contains these elements in .1bundance. Our next consideration was its physical condition (the arrangement of the soil particles), which in a large measure determines the availability of food found in the , oil to the plant. A close compact so] is undesirable, as is 1s a too loose and porous condition . In' the first case the I ree circulation of the air and the proper root development of 1he plant is hindered; while a porous condition prevents the 1etention of the soil moisture because of the ·free circulat:on of .~ ir through it. which accelera tes moisture c·;aporation. By Wesley Zornes A medium between these two extremes was fo und in our soils, which is a mixture of sand, silt and clay. The sand a nd silt acting as a loosening medium ; the clay as a water retainer. The soil was plowed from five to six inches deep, after which it was leveled and pulverized w.h drag harrow. The seeds were then drilled in ro'ws thirty inches wide and from four to five inches in the drills. By the observation of the proper moisture contents of the soil for successful ge rmination, and by testing o f the seeds before planting we were able to boast a perfect stand. Where this legume has been cultivated we have noticed a marked increase in the growth of our young trees. This may be due to the intensive cultiva tion required for the bean . Our experience does not carry out this conclusion ,however. We cultivated two orchard tracts of similar soils, one with a bean c rop, the other devoid of crops, each. receiving the same ca re. Although the growing season is not over, the trees in the bean cultured soil have made a much better growth. The experiment sho~s that the increa6e in growth is not due to special care, but it is due to the fact that bea ns are great nitrogen producers {an element necessa ry to pla nts not in the pea family, which includes peas, bea ns, vetches, clover and alfalfa). By the a id of microscopic plants (bacteria) which grow in small nodules on the root of the bean or legume, the plants are able to use the free nitro~en of the air which is converted into nitrates by these bacteria, which in a soluble condition becomes plant food. When these nodules decay in the soil the nitrates a re left in the soil which may be used by plants not able to produce their own nitrates. To this we attribute the inc reased growth of our trees. Food, in order to be used by the plant, must be in a �Fourteen The W e stern Comr a ele soluble condition. We therefore must have .a sufficient mois-ture content in the soils to make the plant food -available. This is accomplished by a system of irrigation. The soil moistu~:e is kept as near constant as is possible. Water is not applied frequently nor in large amounts, the length of time between irrigation varying with the weather and soil. The average period is every twenty days. A large ' amount of water causes the soluble plant food to become saturated with water, making it too thin. The plant in this way must assimilate large quantities of the plant water in order to get the desired quantity of food necessary to life and drowns itself. On the other hand, if the soil is depleted of moisture there is no medium to make the food soluble, and the plant starves to death. In both of these cases the leaves of the bean plant turn yellow. So the condition of the plant is not a reliable criterion of the time in which to apply the water. We take into consideration both the soil and plant condition. It is a misconception that witer should be applied wlien the leaves turn yellow, for it may be due to the application of water too frequently or in too large quantities. A large flow of water causes the surface soil particles to cohere in this condition and the soil becomes impervious to both air and water, and the user defeats the purpose for which he uses the water. A small stream of wa:ter perco!ates slowly downward between the soil particles and the impenecrable condition of the surface soil is not reached so soon, allowing a greater length of time for the moisture to go outward and downward. These facts have been demonstrated by actual experiment and the irrigation system is managed so that we may use a very small quantity of water on a large tract of land, which averages a quarter of an inch steddy flow to the acre. One man has taken care of five acres all under water at the same time. lrrigation"is carried on at night as well as in the day time; the water has been left running twelve hours at a time without care or attention. After the application of water the soil particles solidify and in this condition becomes so dense as to hinder the circulation of air through the soil and root growth, with disastrous results to the plant. This is prevented by the cultivation of the soil, which breaks up the soil particles allowing the free circulation of air which accelerates chemical changes resulting in plant food compounds. As the bean is able to convert nitrogen into nitrates by bacteria action, and as nitrogen is an element that composes four fifths of the atmosphere, we further see the need of the free circulation of air through the soil. With th~ circulation of air through the soil evaporation of the soil moisture takes place more rapidly and the soil dries as deeply as it is stirred or cultivated. This serves as a blanket or mulch for the subsoil and prevents to a large extent evaporation from the subsoil. In this way the water is conserved beneath this mulch and with the greater reten- The Mystery of Death By GEORGE MAURICIO We know not what it is dear. This sleep so deep and · still, The folded hands, the awful calm, The cheek so pale and chill; The lids that will not lift again, Though we may call and call ; The strange, white solitude of peace That settles ove.r all. We know not what it means, dear, This desolate heart-pain, This dread to take our daily way And walk in it again; We know not to what other sphere The loved who leave us go, Nor whv we're left to wonder still. Nor why we do not know. But this we know, our loved and dead, If they should come this day, Should come and ask us, "What is life?" Not one of us could say. Life is a mystery as deep As ever death can be ; Yet, oh, how sweet it is to u ·, This life we live and see! Then might they ·say- these va nished one..And powerful is the thought That "Death is sweet to us, bdoved . Though we may tell you naught; We may not tell it to the quick·This mystery of death ; Ye may not tell us if ye would, The mystery of breath." The child who ·enters life comes Not with knowledge or intent. So they who enter death Must go as little children sent. tion of soil moisture greater tracts of land may be cultivated. The plants are irrigated up until the time of maturity. They may be grown with three irrigations. From day to day, we are moving forward and the agriculture possibilities are increased as we increase. , Never before in the history of Llano have the prospects been brighter for an abundant harvest. KEEP INFORMED ABO UT LLANO These are the only publications which will bring you authentic information about the greatest co-operative enterprise in the world. They will occupy distinctive fields. Send us your subscription at once for both of them. THE WESTERN COMRADE SOc a Year TH~ Year LLANO COLONIST SOc BOTH to one address for One Year for a 75c �Tbe Western Comrade Ne" ly Completed lndustriai Building Which Houses the Pftnting Plant. Llano Has Own Printing Plant THE new print shop, latest addition to the industries at Llano, is well equipped, modern and complete. Housed with other industries in the new industrial building, it is now in daily operation. This number of THE WESTERN COMRADE "'•~ printed at Llano. As soon as possible the LLANO COLOLIST, the new weekly newspaper, will be issued. There· are r •HY small jobs for the Llano del Rio Colony to be printed. An effort is already being made to obtain outside printins. . The lntertype machine shown in-the lower picture is the "'o~t up-to-date style. The cylinder press is fast and does ,,,od work. Other machines in the shop are in new models. I ew cities of the size of Llano can boast of such modern <'quipment. That it will shortly outgrow its present quarters r· al ready apparent. With the establishment of the new print shop, printecl rnatler of all kinds can be put out at a great saving in <OSl, and the Colony will be independent of all outside inrl uences. It will be operated as a union shop; the right to ,,,e the label has been granted. Llano Offers Aid to "Social Democrat" Information comes to this office that the "California Social Democrat" is in peril and has snspended publication. Uano now has a. new linotype machine and a plendid printing press-. Being ·anxious to do our part in the political struggle and to assist the party in its hour of need we make the following proposition: We will print the "Social Democrat'' at the same price for which it has previously been. printed and will donate the party one half of this price. We will not lo e mo ey by doing this. We make this propositon: Fin , to aAist the mo•eme t. Sec:o d. to sit w to the party that the priaciples of co-operation that is S~alism, are correct. Setting lip TilE WEsn:mf ~ on the Iit~e~ame M.d.me. �Sixteen The Western Comrade Llano Manana First of all, comrade reader of this department, give you a little lesson in crude Spanish. Uano plain>. Llano del Rio means plains of the river. nounce it as if •pelted Yahno dell Reeo. Manana tomorrow; pronounce it Man-yahna. Hence Manann"- The Llano of Tomorrow. T let us means Promeans "Llano HIS department will be devoted to predictions for the future. We of the Llano Community are not afraid to dream because we have dreamed and made our dreams come true. It was all .1 c.lream at first.' Much of it is very real now. We started with a dream of fertile acres ~overed with orchards and crops. We looked out over the expanse of greasewood and chaparral and in the vision that came, the dry plain melted from view and instead we saw vast fields of green alfalfa- -it was a dream then. We made that dream come true. Under the iron wheels of the tractors and the sturdy stroke of the workers the dry plains where jackrabbit and coyote ranged have been transformed into green fields. Arid acres now are flooded with mountain waters and green fre shness is everywhere. The dream came true. We looked a t our two milk cow' sta nding benei'lth the shade of the cottonwoods and dreamed of a dairy herd which should grow and grow and furnish products for all our people who were to come. Now we see a splendid herd on our pastures and one hundred more on the ranges. We see the big stone dairy barn i'l nd the giant silo beside it. It was first a vision, then a reality. We dreamed it and the dream came true- WE MADE IT come true. We saw our four hl)rses making poor headway in the; a ll but hopeless task and we dreamed of teams and lruch and tractors. Now forty sturdy teams, two tractors, thret trucks and several automobiles have reinforced old Major and his three companions, Dolly. Dick and Maud. Our dream came true. We saw our few short ditches with great seep~e loss from earthen sides and bottoms and we dreamed of permanent waterways. Now we have fifteen miles of rebuilt ditches, all of which will be cobbled and lined and made le<.k-proof and permanent in another year. Our dream is coming true. Sixteen children gathered at our first school. One teacher with inadequate housing, almost no equipment, few books, but " strong heart, assumed the task. She is still at work. She has been joined by nine other teachers. There was our greatest dream. It took us on and up beyond all achievement. fo the immortal years belongs that dream . It takes us on and on, up and up to our Parnassus! Sixteen children have been joined by 200 more. Our little ones start ·to the -Nonderful Montessori Casa di Bambina (House of the Children) at the age of two and a half. This system will be extended at;d eventually will go on and on through the entire educational system. Our grammar schools graduate larger classes each year. Our high school grows apace. Our vocational schools take form and will evolve from that remarkable department- the junior Colony, which has made such a startling showing in a few months. Here our dreams grow and grow. They embrace a great university. Here the scope is boundless. but it will be our care and the care of those who follow us that new dreams come as fast as old ones come true. Over the washtub our women (and our men) dreamed of :t steam laundry and a day of the ending of that drudgery. That dream was fulfilled. By Frank E. Wolfe We canned fruit by hand and wondered when our modern cannery would come. It is here, and will soon be putting up vast quantities of fruit and vegetables with scientific machinery. We had a lonely blacksmith with a few tools. A big machine shop equipped with modern appliances and several forges, is the outgrowth of visions there. Our first commissary building was eight feet square. Some of the present residents at Llano will smile. We dreamed of a modern store. It grows, and the fulfillment will come in completion when the new city is •finished. When lumber was in such demand, we puzzled over the problt>m that seemed as knotty as the lumber for which we paid high prices. The dream seemec;l far away. Now the forest rings with the laughh!r of our strong men who lay their keen bladed axes to the great trees. Other crews will haul the timber down to the llano helow, where our big new ~aw mill and planing and finishin? mills will convert the magnificent white and yellow pines into material for our homes in the new city just taking form . That was some dream. comrades, some drearn. but it is rapidly coming true. A man came to us who saw our housing. He was a dreamer with corns on his palms. Little time he lost in dreaming. Action was his middle name. His parents called him Chancellor. We called him a cyclone. He started brick making. Some said it couldn't be done. He didn't answer in words. he simply did it. It was evolution at work. We dreamed of our new city. It's a big dream- probably our next biggest. It is taking form. Land set aside, surveyed, staked and the vision develops. A great lime kiln roars and sends its ruddy glow against the night sky. A score of men eagerly hurry to keep pace with the whirring machines in the brick yard. Here beneath the hands of the workers on their own soil we find the material for our great city. An architect who is an artist and dreamer daily makes these dreams come true in wonderful drawings and plans for the homes in this new dream city. Others are hauling rock, while other crews are laying foundations and all this great work moves forward, slowly it seems at times, hut always towards the day of fulfillment of this dream. We dream of a mighty dam thrown across the mouth of our great canyon. Every day's progress in development of land. in clearing, in planting, in extensive irrigation, in more comfortable housing, brings us nearer to the fulfillment of our great dream of conservation which will enable us to put many more thousands of acres beneath the ditch and under cultivation. We dream of a great hydro-electric system, where the water will be borne hundreds of feet down the mountain-side, forming and generating our electricity which will greatly facilitate the handling of our machinery and remove almost all th~ drudgery from domestic life. We dream of great pump:ng plants run by this power and of the day when we shall laugh at the ancient and untrue saying that we cannot grind with water once run through the mill. We dreamed of vast orchards where juniper and joshua trees held sway. Now our nurseryman counts his trees in the thousands and our orchards spread over hundreds of acres. Our dream of gardens, of fruit, of honey, of milk and meal and food of our own making has been fulfilled. We made those dreams come true. (Continued on Bollom Page 17) �The Western Comrade Seventeen ARTS AND MUSIC U An Art Vocation NDER what circumstances should a boy or girl be en- · of masses and classes alike; that is, in so far as both masses a nd classes are governed by the desire for possessions, instead couraged to devote his or her life to art? Many so-called practical people go through the world of the will to !ive abundantly a nd fruitfully. If he and the community escape this danger there is another hlind to the wonder and beauty of the manifestations which >urround them. The frantic ~truggle for life which is the equally grave peril. He is launched on the study of art. His condition under which most of us live leaves no time for re- first training, if he is away from any of the great art centers, flection atid observation. The unused faculties atrophy, and •viii be .almost wholly bad. It will take htm years to overcome the victim of this stultified mentality spend s the remainder of the disastrous habits acquired from incompetent teachers. his life boasting of his common-sense: " o nonsense about Eventually he will realiz.e the necessity of going to some large school. There he will become imbued with the idea of art him; he is a plain working man or business man." for art's sake, and the dream of success, o P bursting on the But his child, perhaps, has stronger perceptions that will not down , and possibly the father's sacrifice brin~s thP. child world with some masterpiece. 1ow there is just about as much chahce of this as there ,orne leisure. He sees, first the splendor of the sunsets, later as his senses are trained, the delicate grays and browns in the , i of becoming president of the United S tates. It happens; but if, say ten thousand men (there are probabhaz.e and twilight, and the opalescence of late afternoon by the wide sweep of the ocean. The infinite variety and beauty ly that many art students in our country) started to train for of the mere outlines of things, and the laws that govern line the presidency a nd refused to consider any transitional occupadraw his mind on to incessant study. He begins to try to tion while waiting for the opportunity, the general public 1cproduce these things; perhaps he becomes ambitious a nd 1\'0uld consider this a greal waste of energy and raw material. 11ndertakes to portray life. Yet that is the situa tion of the great mass of art students. It is generally at this point tha t his doom is sealed. He They are focu ssing all their powers on the one task of pronw kes some more or less striking sketches. The family and ducing something really great, and only one or two of them neighbors wonder, and he is confron ted by two dangers. The in a decade reach the goal of their endeavor. For the rest of -tern a nd practical father may order him to the store or fac- there i no middle course. They fail lamentably, miserably, tory . a nd crush out the spark of vision. When this occurs and bring their great vocation into discredit and contempt. 11 is a real disaster to the c'ommunity. Rather give him (.'\ second article will show how all this wasted pow., ·'" opportunity to draw the veil aside which clouds the sight , can be worked over inlo joyful accomplishment). deadens the perceptions and na rrows and brutalizes the lives ,...----------------------------~===--~--~--===~=-------· Llano Pear Orchard Makts Wonderful Growth- In Bearing Next Yc•r LLANO MANANA (continued from page 16) Other dreams are born, and sometimes slowly and silently they take form and come forth. Our aream of a cannery. of rug making and carpet weaving, of making and handling our own fibres and fabrics has taken form. the looms turning ou< beautiful finished products, and so it goes. Of such stuff dreams are made. Of such dreams reality comeh. When they call us dreamers, we laugh. The answer to the sneer of the envious is our achievement in two brief years. Lla no Manana-the Llano of T om~rrow. Who shall limit its possibilities? Who now can say it can't be done? To our comrades who are dreamers of dreams and doers of things, the jeers tha t were heard in days gone by are to be forgotten. �Eighteen The Western Comrade Blood and Iron T / HE rain had poured down incessantly for two days. black. The hills were a dark grayish brown. All The vaulted heaven was a mass of lowering ominous signs of life were gone save where far below the river Marne sparkled and danced on its way to the sea. T he lean-to in which our patrol was located had served its pu rpose well. but the steady down-pour o f rain was gradually filling the trenches :.1nd every now and then you could hear ' Plashes as a part of the bank would cave in. For a week we had lived here. high up on the side of the mountain. Our duty w:~s to wait. wait. "'ait. till the man higher up would 'ay to wait no longer What we were there fot other than waiti ng, we knew not. Our duty was but to o!>ey and die. Long since we had stopped paying a ttention to"the bursting ,hell a nd shrieking shrapnel; the pounding of the heaYy ordll<lnce had become but one continuous monotonous mumble and no longe r meant death, destruction, blood and carnage to us. The roar of the military machines as they shot with their glaring lights through the night had become a ma tter of fact. This night we hild illl ga thered il rotmd our little fire which we had kept cilrcfully concealed in our half-cave, half-house quarter,. There was Osca r, a fat, little, pompous, genial redfaced pe rso nage. such as you could find any day in a New York cafe. fe stooned by chains of sausages, a nd barricadea with piles of pumpernickel and harrcls of sauerkraut. When he spoke lm \oicc was shrill and sq ueaky, but he felt deeply of the hig th in;:;s of life a nd was always pondering. This night of all. he was more philosophical tha n ever before . Fran£ was a wrinkled, leather-faced, placidly quiet spirit , uch as you might find huried in some musty archive of arch;cology. f"ra nz looked up from the fire where his sparkling eyes had been ponderin g. a nd gazed absently at Oscar. "Where d id you work before the war?" said Franz. "I worked in the !ron rnill s." "What did you work for?" "Why. you fool. I worked so I could cat and en joy life." "How long did you work?" "All my life." "Did you ever enjoy your'clf?" " No." "Did you ever gel enough to eat?" "No." "Who owned the mill in which you worked?" "Krupp." "What did he do with the iron you milled?" "He made it into guns for the government." "What did the government want wit h gun s?" "They wa nt them to protect the nation, of course." "What did Krupp want of guns?" "To sell, I pre>ume." "Why doesn't the government give some of her guns to the allies?" " Say. do you think the government is composed of idiots like you ?" "Well, why does Krupp receive a royalty upon every shell fired upon us by the allies I" "That i business. He has a right to trade for profit." "Say, what did Krupp do with all tha t iron?" "He made most of it into bullets a nd guns." "You mean by 'he' the great class of workers like yourself did it. don't you?" "Yes." "The e:overnment had some of that iron made into iron crosses, did it not?" "Yes." "You mean you laborers made crosses for the govemment, and shells and guns for Krupp, that you might eat a nd enjoy life?" "Yes, I guess tha t's it." "What did the government do with the crosses?" "It gave the crosses to those who were injured and died in battle as a sign of appreciation upon the part of the government for the bravery and fidelity of her subjects." "The government of ourse. buy the iron for its crosses from Krupp?" "Yes." "It buys its bullets and guns from Krupp?"' "Yes." "Say, you said some while back that the government got guns to protect the nation?" "Yes, I think so." "What are you By Gray Harriman fighting here today for?" "For the fatherland, of course." "Then· in reality_you are fighting to protect the government. not the government to protect you?" "Yes, I guess that's it." "You say that you work that you may eat and enjoy life, yet ycu have never eno;;"gh to eat, and no time to enjoy life, have you?" " o, not yet." "You fight to protect tht> government so that the government can protect you, so that you can make guns and crosses and starve." " I guess that's about it." 'Then you are given crosses so that you will place yourself up as a large!? Before he had time to answer a shell burst overhead and when the smoke cleared Oscar and Franz were a bloody mass of quivering flesh. The officer of the patrol came along. He took out of his pocket two crosses a nd pinned them upon the breasts of our two friends. They were carried away by four orderlies, and a little farther down the line we saw their bodies . dropped in a hole which by this time was almost full of water. Dirt was immediately thrown in and the hole became a bog of oozing mud. Thus Bismarck's policy of blood and iron goes on. -one centa week is cheaper than you could write to Lla no and get the news. Yet that is all it costs you to get the full particulars each week, a nd you do not have the bother of writin g if you subscribe for the LLANO . COLONIST BesidC's, you gel the boiled down news o\ the world. and all of the Labor and Socialist news culled from hundreds of papers. Subscribe NOW so you'll be numbered a mong the first subscribers. SOc a Year-In Combination with The Western Comrade, to one address, 75c. Circulation Department LLANO DEL RIO COLONY Lla no, Cal. �The Western Comrade Work? Not A Bit Of It. Just Fun For These Fellows Learning by Doing W HAT is education? Webster defines it as a "process of teaching," as though it were rather an abstract thing and that the "teaching" were the important point "'stead of the "learning". Indeed, one might think this the correct point of view from 1he way in which facts entirely unrelated to life and living have been poured into <~ nd impres;ed upon the minds of the voung. It would sca rcely seem necessary to say that the sole value .,f education should 1Je measured by its bearing upon life: 111 fact, to consider the question at all we must ask first, What life is? What is the object of it? And what are the hest means to a ttain the desired end ? If tho! present erlucational system fails to help us to this end, there must be somethinp, radically wrong with it. We are accustomed to think of education along with school houses and if these are absent we feel that the children must drift until the system is properly established. .In other words, we take our children out of life to be educated. That is all wrong. We a ll learn by doing and that is the only kind of learning we really retain. You hear it said repeatedly, "I learned that by experience", and the accompanying emphasis , hows that it made a lasting impression. How many boys and girls turned out as finished from our schools apply at each and every office or store within a given district for a job- showing how ill-fitted they are to enter life. Why should they have been taken from life at all? How much more rational and natural for a child to ·have been trained to live first; to develop poise and character and in so doing to discover his own greatest ability and follow it to its own conclusion. How few men and women are poised and steady in their life's work? Take any group of successful men (from a financial standpoint), ask how they c::~me to follow a· certain line of work. :'-hne times out of ten rt will be discovere<.l that chance alone was responsible. It might be concluded hom these stories that it were better then to lea11e these matters to chance, but such Nineteen By Mildred G. Buxton a conclusion is wrong. These men a re exceptional as anyone can easily discover by looking about. The wonder is not that so many faii, but that any succeed. The little chap who finds his life work early and with intelligent direction follows it from youth is bound to succeed in spite of all the facts his teacher can cram into him. The cramming system would be excellent if we were developed from the outside, but are we? Does the helpless baby grow into a sturdy mischievous child because he is fed on a carefully s.elected, scientific diet, or is it an inner development that comes from some source we can not control? Does the child who develops remarkable self-control thr;Jugh disgust at the ungovernable maternal temper, do so as a result of outside stimuli? I have in mind a boy of sixteen, raised on the desert, who has had but a few weeks of school, yet he wrote a truly wonderful poem on the mystery of death. Where does he get it? No! Lire is apparently much better known to poets than to educators. Otherwise our educational systems would be better calculateci to protect and bring out that wonderful something ~ within each of us. A light is dawning. Here in Llano we !>ave seen the folly of putting all the children through the same mill and turning them out all cut and polished to the same size and degree. We have reached the point of wisdom where we are letting them learn by doing, and the remarkable interest shown and the number who have already found congenial work shows that we are on the right track. Take the boy who loved to work with the chickens. One day he discovered that if baby chicks were fed grits first, they digested their food better. The fact itself is of little importance but his own discovery by observation is of great value. He knows now that he can find any number of interesting and original facts by his own observation and nothing can prevent him from using the faculties developed in this way. This beginning has sent him to the library regu(Continued on Bottom Page 28) �Twenty :rhe Wes:tern Comrade MAGAZINE RESUMES What The Writers Say The ATLANTIC Substance of Instruct THE SYNDICALIST 1\ b.:autifully wrillen parallel b.:tween the war and labor conditions America, ending by bringing out the fact that statesmen and pacifists are now using the countersign of the revolution "lntemational" to qualif} th~ir arguments. courts of arbilration and palliative measures. The key~ note of the porm i> the 1..1 "ord. ''asleep." 10 ATLANTIC SAIFNA AHMAR. YA SULTAN by Alexander Aaronsohn An account of war conditions in· Palestine by an American Zionist. The compul-.>ry enlistment of the men of a progressive and civilized colony ; theirt orture to force them to disclose thehidng place of the weapons which would enable the village to protect itself ;against pillage and rapine; the collapse o f the defense on th~ threat of 1he torture and t>nslav tmt nt of thC' young $'(irl~. ATLANTIC RED CROSS AND R.A.M.C. by Wilfred T. Grenfell Thr Red Cro" Society no longer operates at the front in the war 1one. The medical work is all done by the Royal Army Medical Corps. whose rtchievemcnts form a romance as inspiring as anything done by the army o r navy. The hygienic revolution resembles that accomplished by Goethals at Panama. There were six thousand cases of typhoid at Yprcs. When the English took possession of the trenches, the \enmn wer(" a horror ; a shirt preserved in glass is said to have come th<re unattended. Now the Tomrnies are regularly bathed, and every pump ur tap hn• a certificate attached to it. It is aid that for every Englishonan killed in " ·ar two will be created. The antrmic. neurotic slum dwellers are l..eing turned by the open aor life into tanned-faced giants. The Red CroS< is useful in sudden emergencies. but for steady work one se• vice under o nt• control is the ideal. ATLANTIC PARENTS AND SCHOOLS by Abraham Flexner Schools must be conducted by trained persons, their training, however. " largely antiquated. . What can parents do about it? The parents can assist in introducing a spirit of scientific progress by asking questions. The schools must be made tentative, inquiring. skeptio·nl. and experimental. With regard to the mental discipline of Latin. ts it the mos t effective source of mental discipline? Do formal grammar ll'uons correct the grammar of. say, newspaper reporters or saleswomt"n? Has geomelr)· any practical application? School should he a clinic where children arc observed, and failure on the child's pari impeaches the school. Perhaps the monotony of the •chnol course depressed all his energies below the level at which he <ould succeed AI Anything. Mothers and fathers must require "to he shown." And there is something the matter with a principal who cannot convin e them that there is a good reason why. ATLANTIC THE I TINCT! E BA ES OF PACIFISM by Fredk. Wells Pa5sive acc~ptance of evil is. not c.ompatible with survival in nature. It is somt"times brought about by exces!-ive abuse or excessive coddling. The instinct of self abasement "masochism" and a kind of terror paralysis. which makes the peril seem unreal are other contributing causes. Pleasure sed:ing. familial And economic instincts conflict with the instincts that • in olve sdf-ucrifice for the group, and this is the ftrst cause of ·the decoay of nations. ATLANTIC COMMON FOOT! G by Seymour Deming . b&ndon y<>ur automobile and fare forth on your own feet. So shall your fdlows di co•-er that you Are after .all .a human being and you will di cover the same of them. After which thilllls c&n hetlin· You will h.,rome alive to the "conder and majesty of .t he common ,place in human lik ll"Derally. You will d that what your fdlow man on foot lrnows far out" ei.~;hs ,i n ·s ubstance and value the cultural •lnvia'lities ..'hich h-e doe not !<now. He does not :theorize about the art of 'life. h.e lives it. His tkory may be wu ,_ his life is •lro!lll. He puts you instinctively ve Articles In july Magaztne on your best bd>avior. You would like )'OUr own das.s to a~ar a " -ell as it can in comparison to his. And he that would com" to thi• feast muS-t come ~~ a common man. on foot. THE NORTH AMERICAN ENGLISH DEMOCRACY I REVIEW WAR TIME' by idney Low Nothing hM been more remarkable than the rapid growth of the cabinet autocracy and the shrinkage of the inOuence of parliament. The British Prime Minister is in reality the chief of slate. in the oame sense that the president is in America. In addition. he can do things. otherwise impossible. in the king's name. without subjecting himself to l"'tlal penalties. -lbe only check to his power is the "front bench" of the opposition. A there is now a coalition cabinet. the government is able to treat parliameJtlary criticism with indifference. One curious reoult of this is the. emergence of the house of Lords, which had come to be regarded as a kind of digni· fied survival. The speeches of the "Elder Statesmen" are followed with close attention by the public, and it is the gilded chamber of the hereditary aristocracy which succeeds in giving expression to public opinion. WORLD'S WORK . AT WORK IN THE REM ANT OF BELGIUM Official Belgium is now about twice the size of Philadelphia. ·lbe Cerman guns not only command every part of it. but fire across it into France The sanitary and relief work is carried on by a group consisting of about forty Belgian nuns and one hundred English and American Quakers. ~11 of whom serve without pay; housing. feeding. clothing, re-establish!~~ industries and caring for the orphans. WORLD 'S WORK "PROFIT SHARING"- Editorial An analysis of the experiments being tried by more than 200 American employers. The Unions oppose it as an effort to break up the solidarity of the working classes. In consequence many employers ha.ve abandoned the idea as impracable. Almost none of the concerns take the workmen into their confidence. as to profits and losses, and so the employees suspect the divis:on. A few employers, acting from a sense of duty, are content with a low rate for the interest on capital and the services of management. These men will probably evolve a workable system as a matter of both justice and expediency. WORLD'S WORK WHAT CAN A FAT MAN DO? by Charles Phelps Cushing Cutting out all starch, sugar, and fat is a dangerous experiment. It confines you to meals and green vegetables. This is apt to result in acidosis. Too rapid losing in weight i• also a danger. Learn the values of foods and eat them in proportion to your activity. then there will be no opportunity lor sdf-intoxic>.tion. either- in the form of fat or gout. WORLD'S WORK A garden tractor and cultiva tor carnes its o wn motor and can be adjusted to any depth and to any size row•. A boy or a girl can operate it. steering it like a lawn mower but without pushing. A pocket fire escape has a steel tape 100 feel long connected with , a belt and loop. A frosted glass con• attached to a hanging electric lamp ohade protect the eyes by diffusing the light. Coupeville, Wash., io lighting the town with electric light by means of an old automobi.le engine. A · new tire chain cons.ists of a number of small units which ca.n br buckled quickly without jacking up the car. ILLUSTRATED WORLD BIDDING AGAI ST THE WORLD by Carroll Dean Murphy A few munition malten are profiting by the great war, but the resl of u• are getting ready to pay the biU. Prices ar.e rising on aU the necessities of life. For instance. bouse paint. White lead .is one third higher, zinc oxide has risen .from ) c lo 2lc per pound. Varnish bru.be. ,and alcohol shd.lac have gone up. Seeds and bul~ havr .doubled in prk« or are e:ntire'.ly olfff the maB<I- Potash. phosphates, oulphuric .ac:id ,..,,:1 nitr~ an· C UI off. so the gardens mu.sl do without f~rliJizer ; aJ.s o :inH!(!Jj, �W e s I e r n C o m· r a d e cides and tools. Brass, copper, aluminum and tungsten are soaring beyond sight. Mirrors are beyond price, and ordinary glass and paper are becoming articles of luxury. "Manual dexterity, minds early automatic in a !'ertain routi.;~; docility and contentment are requirements. The men who half unconsciously are seeking employees . . _'' PE ARSON'S for occupational efficiency; • second, the encouragement of spontaneity and initiative; and third, the fostering of capacity for civic life. Doing' oeeing, handling things.; exc.ursions in the country; study of rocks and · soils and plants, trees and animals; visits to stores, postotlices, fire engine houses, farms, creameries, elevators; following up vivid interests; making houses and f~rniture ; find!ng out about familiar things like food, clothing ani! ' shelter: using weights and measures figuring because one wants to know re•ults ; listening to stories, retelling them, learning lo read them; playing and working with one's males; learning the need for rules and respect for others' rights- these are the materials and methods which in the earlier years will almost wholly take the place of books. Arithmetic, His suggestions for constructive work are as follows : First, traininu · RICH, HUNGRY AMERICA by Allan L. Benson United Stales Health Bulletin No. 76 says: An examination of a number of studies of the budgets of American workingmen's families indicates that the point of adequate subsistence is not reached until the family income ·• about $800 a year. Less than half of the wage-earners' families in the United Stales have an income of that size. Also 250,000 wageearners are killed and 4,700,000 disabled by preventable disease because of their economic disadvantage. The wealth that labor creates but does no t gel is the fodder upon which the capitalist system lives. Our forefathers could get land for nothing and exercise their right to work. Comreading; grammar. and nature study will emerge much later as consc1ous peting with each other for jobs we reduce wages to the. lowest point tasks. · ....___ upon which we can exist. Thus, after 127 years of progress half the people go hungry in a rich country filled with machinery. IllUSTRATED WORLD The system of private ownership is wrecking the world. It set Europe ARE YOU PAID FOR WHAT YOU ARE WORTH? ~ flame and is starving the United Stales. If the system had a little more By George R. Cushing mtelligence and a little less greed it would not so grind down ·the geese tha t lay the golden eggs. When men exist too long on an impoverishctl " If I could only sell my services ao well as I can sell the other ma11.'s Jiet they become inferior creators of profits. Also .they eventually have • goods, I would get along all right ." · dtflicuhy in loving the government under which they slowly starve. When You see no one ever locked you in your ro_om and lectured you about '" this frame of mind they make poor soldiers . The men who are working the value of ·yourself. Your father did not do it, because he was afraid on the capitalist theo ry have voted 127 years and gone backward. he might make a "smart aleck'; out of you. Your competitor has not done it and never will because he fears that if you once learn your power you PEARSON'S will extend yOtrrself and beat him out. Your employer has not done it and never will, because he is afraid you will ask for more money. T,y RURAL CREDITS by Charles Edward Russell and keep enough capital on hand lo enable you to make a stand for proper The American farmer pays as high as 48 per <:ent for money. Why? fhere is no ''""'er. These same bankers think it is all right to lend money to husiness men. In Australia the farmers gel money at 4!12 lo 5 per cent, lo the advantage of the interests of the country al large. rE ARSON 'S "KNOCKING" PUBLIC OWNERSHIP by R. G. Collier !'he press lo live must ha ve advertising. Profi table adver tising comes I ro m the strongholds of financ., so the editor meekl y takes his orders Irom the business offi ce and puis hi s self -respect in cold storage. The :junday· suppl emen t ~ do not describe the municipal plants which in vanous cities are cutting rates. improving service conditions and playing havoc consideraion. EVERYBODY'S MAGAZINE Alice Paul, chairman of the Woman's Congressional Union has gained her position by her habit of acc umulating definite and opposite facts . She is en ti rely impersonal in her treatment of her followers, and by sheer moral devo tion dominates and charms not the minds but the souls of people. She leads by being- - not by being for- the cause. THE MID-PACIFIC AMERICAN TRADE IN CHINA by julian H. Arnold ~enerally with the old orde r of vested highbindery . Instead the press ~~ resents public ownership as a means of strengthening the ''machine." "lbe Chinese are ex tremely sel in their tastes and habits. They have traditions and prejudices and auperstitions that en tirely outweigh all fhe fact is that it lakes the public utility out of politics, whereas private ownership keeps it in politics. Privately owned public service corporations practical considerations. .trr ever seeking privileges, franchises, and extensions, and do mo re to control municipalities than municipalities do lo control them. Political hosses are ne-ver found advocating municipal ownership. THE WAGES AND LIVING THE INDEPENDENT EDUCATIONIN THE NEXT GENERATION by G. R. Vincent The president of the . University of Minnesota, formerly preoident of Chaulauqua Institution, sums up the criticisms against the public .chool system as follows. "Training for occupations has been negleeted. <Aildren leave school because they are bored, they drift into blind alley occu pation•; the studies of the elementary school are too formal and meaning!~•• to hold the interest of the pupils; school children le~m r.othing thoroughly and well, but have a vague smattering of many thingJ; the rural sch<><•ls are backward, and country children are slighted. The great mass of teachers are ill-trained. inexperienced, underpaid, ephemera l, "a mob of mobile maidens meditating matrimony. The school is not connected closely with the life of the community which it is supposed to s"rve. Colleges are loafing places for young barberians without mental interests: even the graduate work of the university is too much a kir.d of formal and pretentious erudition . Professional schools, for all their efficiency, are sending out lawyers, doctors,, engin.eers, dentisto, bent upon !Jersonal success and regarding the public as a mine to be work..J rdther than a community to be served. OUTLOOK ENGLISH AND FRENCH WOMEN AT WAR By Harriet Stanton Blatch PE ARSON 'S A very wealthy m~nufacturer thinks that there IS nothing the matter " 11h wages except , perhaps. that they are too high. He has tried living un five dollars a week and finds 11 ample. Some captious persons have pointed out that this did not include rent, street car fare, clothes, doctor's fees, medicines, anything for ·amusement or for anyone else's support. Presumably then it would require five dollars for each member of a family. or twenty dollars a week for the average family of four persons. The American manufacturer must get represenla- tives who are familiar wi th the language and cus toms and then manufacture expressly for the trade. lbe self-effacing spinslu of former days has disappeared. Women are enjoying, even dissipating in their 'sudden freedom. This is taken philosophically. She can be trained In wisdom only by freedom lo err. She soon gels herself in hand and the children have neve,r been so well cared fo r. ln France, the government appreciates and co-operates generously with the women· s work. Are the women whose splendid eflici \ ncy has been demonstrated on the largest scale going to allow themselve& to be relegated to the "futilities which usually fill the lives of the well-to-do, or the helpless destitution which is commonly the lot of the lower class woman? POPULAR MECHANICS By means of what is believed to be a new scientific discovery in connection with sunspots, it is claimed that wea ther forecasts may be made 'vith reasonable accurac y two weeks in advance. . A new screw driver has a device which holda the screw firmly while it is being set. . Operators of cut -off saws, or other machinery on which rough wood is handled, will find a block fitt ed wi th a number of aharp &leel points con vient in preventing splint~rs from entering the hands. In addition to the pain an.d annoyance of troublesome bit& of wood which lodge in the Hesh, there is the danger of infection . Such a block should be made to fit the hand, and a aize of 2 by 3!12 by 6 in . will be found convenient. The alee! points on one ot tht flat faces grip the lumber lo be handled and the sawyer need nol touch it with the hands except when stock II to be lifted. A nev,r steam engine somewhat resembles the steam lurbine. (Continued on Pa~e 28) There i:s �Twenty~two . The Western Comrade Industries, Institutions, Recreations· M ORE than fifty industries, institutions, and recreations The newly opened shower baths, with separate departments a re already established a t Llano. Even the residents . for men and women, are equipped for both hot and ~old had no idea of the astonishin g number of them until a showers. Along Big Rock Creek are inviting camp grounds, where co unt was made a fe w days ago. Few visitors get a complete many of the colonists camp. Higher up. in the Sierra Madres idea of the multitudinous activities of this thriving, growing are even more beautiful resorts. co mmu nity. Our Montesorri school, largest in California, is the nucleus Under the head of industries may be listed the followin g, of an industrial school which will be the only free school ot all of which are in active opera tion , or which are assured this kind in the state. The largest Socialist Local in Caliwithin a short time. Count ·'em- they are substantial and fornia is Llano Local. In these things, as in all others, we remun erat ive and many of them are to be extensively devel- shall ever struggle to excel. oped. Here's the list: The Children's Dance on Thursday night, · a nd the regular da nce on Saturday night ; the entertainment on Sunday night, Hog R aising Pri nt Shop Paint Shop and the frequent speeches by noted visitors all contribute to Shoe Shop Lime Kiln Brick Yard our social life. A ·war correspondent for a magazine of Lumbering Saw Mill Laundry national interest, a nd well-known Socialist speaker from Magazine Dairy Ca nne ry Chicago addressed audiences last week. Llano people have Newspaper Cleaning and Dyeing Cabinet Shop the time; admission fees are unknown. Flour Mill Nursery Garage Lla no, city of municipal ownership, outstrips the world. Baker} Alfalfa Warehouse Nowhere else is there a city that owns all of its institutions Fish Hatchery Orchards Machine Shop and industries. Private property in our homes, public propT ra nsportation Poultry Yards Blacksm ith Shop erty everywhere else-this is the practice in Llano. Barber Shop Ru g Works Ga rdens Do you thin k Llano is thriving? Da iry Goats Planing Mi ll Rabbitry Preparedness? No. J ust a Llano Drive Against Brer Rabbit In addit ion to the industries a re many institutions that a re almost indu stries, and which mi ght be classed as such. T here are a lso the recrea tions which desep·e special mention . Menagerie Baths Industrial School Swimming Pool Grammar School Brass Band Studios Montesorri School Mandolin Club Hotel Commercial Classes Orchestras {two) Fi<hin g and Hunting Quartets Drafting Room Post Office Library Socialist Local Baseball Commissary Souvenir Club Camping Grounds Two Weekly Dances Lectures by Visitors This list will be out of date in a month. New features are added consta ntly. A move is on foot to install an ice plant. Ano ther project being agitated is the electrifying of Llano. Both are nebulous yet, but both are as certain as the coming of another day. A score of practical undertakings a re planned for the future , to be taken up when more pressing work is disposed of. Important Notice Because of the increases in the costs of the high-grade paper used in THE WESTERN COMRADE and the other increased costs of materials. the price must be raised to FIFTY CENTS A YEAR STRAIGHT. This will make club rates impossible except for our two publications to one address. e W E S T E R N C 0 M R A D E, S 0 c a y a r LLANO COLONIST, SOc a B 0 T H to one person year 7Sc You should read THE WESTERN COMRADE and the LLANO COLONIST both. Send in your subscriptions at once and get as many olher subscribers ~s you can. Circulation Department LLANO DEL RIO COLONY Llano, Cal. �The Wester n Comraa Twenty-three HEALTH Therapeutics A MAGAZINE devoted to a greater economic security and a larger social life, as well as a more perfect system of educa tion for the young, would hardly be complete, ~hould it neglect to consider the physical welfare of man as a vastly impo~tant factor. In attaining the first mentioned blessings, a vibrantly healthy body gives tone and character to the mind and courage for the struggle. The healthy are invincible. Poverty a nd want, weakness and woe, come seldom to those who are endowed with robust health and aggressive ,·itality. It is wicked to become weakened through ignorance. It is a sin to suffer needlessly. To have good health and hold it is life's greatest conquest. Up to a century ago, the problem of health and vitality was considered entirely an individual matter. Today we recognize it as, to a great extent. a social conquest. Man is his brother's keeper. Under modern conditions, the life-destroying vices are the social and economic maladjustment incident to .this period of tra nsition from individualistic to socialistic lifefrom chaos to brotherhood. · It is, therefore, fitting that the WESTERN COMRADE <hould carry on a discussion of the possible advantages of collective activity for physical welfare. To struggle individually against great masses of organized capital, is a prodigious expenditure of energy- -a monstrously unequal struggle. It exhausts the physical resources of the combatant and makes him a n easy victim for the myriad diseases of bacterial nature- those microdemons of the a ir. Only as he combines his efforts with his fellows, does he con>erve his energy; does he become more powerful in the >truggle. And thus fortified against disease, as he combines with his fellows, he conserves his nervous force and sharpens his brain activity, resulting in greater comfort a t a smaller expenditure of vitality, thus furnishing another bulwark ilgainst the encroachment of sickness. Outline Plan of Work To Be Followed This Year. DEFINITE plan of work has been adopted and will be A carried out during the fall and winter. After a careful consideration of all of the advantages of different lines of work, it has been decided to direct the first activity toward clearing a nd preparing land for alfalfa. All available land will be planted this fall. Following this work will come the improving of the irrigation system to handle water with the least loss and the highest efficiency. Many miles of main ditches and laterals will be cobbled, making them almost impervious to water. Preparations for a garden larger than ever are already being systematized. Orchard work, too, will be planned months in advance of the time to go to work. This is cooperative efficiency. The ever-present building problem will be simplified when the milling of logs commences. Many, homes must be built. As the colony progresses, the homes become larger and more commodious. Scores of families are expected this fall, and immediate attention to the problem of housing is imperative. Many improvements will be made in all departments, and new ones will be added, but the greatest activity will be directed to those above noted. · By Dr. Deque r Disease is not always an individual curse but is us~ally a social curse. · Remember, it is seldom that we suffer alone. Disease is, to a large extent, social in its consequences, although it is not ·generally recognized. . Whn we say. "social menace" the idea of contagion is immediately associated with the remark. That is true. But it is also true of non-contagious diseases, of all physical maladjustment, in fact. Behold the effect upon children, under the care of an overworked, neurasthenic mother. Behold the effect upon a family of a broken-down father; just think of the economic waste, of the domestic agony; of the s<;>cial depression, due to illness in any form. I repeat, we are our brother's .k.eeper. I maintain that when we understand the cause of pain and sorrow and do naught to remove it, that we are guilty of the greatest of social sins. In Llano, we are combining our efforts. We are evolvin!( not independence so much as interdependence. We endeavor rather to beautify, to spiritualize, than to individualize and strengthen the ego. Our beauty is in ourselves--our strength in unity. We are learning to enjoy life with, instead of at the expense of, one another. We a re laying a foundation that may recall the glories of ancient Greece- that will bring · forth a race of Godlike humanity. With this a im in mind, the co-operator works; works not for bread alone, but beyond that for beauty, for grace, for intellect, and, above all for health. With this idea in mind, it shall be my purpose to take the therapeutic side of the socialist statement- food, .clothing and shelter- a nd in subsequent issues of the COMRADE, show how these can be used not only for physica l sustenance, but also for spiritual unfoldment, which simply means the bloom and fragrance of human life. (This department will regularly carry articles on health by different writers.) What Did They Do Last Week In Llano? You've wondered that a thousand times this last month. You wa nt to know every move that is being made in this great co-opera tive enterprise. You 'II get it fresh each week in the LLANO COLONIST almost as well as though you were right here on the ground. Subscribe NOW so you can say you have seen every copy. SOc a Year-In Combination with The Western Comrade, to one address, 75c. Circula tion Depa rtment LLANO DEL RIO COLONY Llano, Cal. �Twenty-four Th e We stern Comrad e Installing tho Ri~ Saw Mill- It I> Nm, Ready To Opnale. What Llano Women Do M ANY requests have come to the Colony ask in g what the women of Llano are doing and what there is to do. The opportun ities here for women are better than most places. There are so many things for women with initiative to star t and do. He lp for all worthy projects in <.:V<'r~ r.tse i ~ forthcoming. .'\ny success will allfact wd!i1tg supporters. It's the starting of a thin g that's hard . People genera ll y are conservative; it is characteristic and perhaps wholesome for them to wait till a success is assu red before help is given . This co ndition . of course, prevails here more or less. but . after a ll. a li beral hearin g and trial is always a fforded for the reasonab le idea . · Women are stro ngly represented in the schools. They are doi ng perhaps the most important -work of life. that of tra ining the young minds· into chan nels beneficial in after life. Reginning with the Monteso rri school we find interested and painstaking teachers in th e persons of Mrs. Masteller. Mrs. Will hide. Mrs. Buxton , Mrs. Todd and Mrs. Whitz.el. These women are ardently de voted to the cause of education and no o ne ca n say tha t this is not useful work. In the schooL Mrs. Minnie Pickett , the wife of Comrade George Pickett. manager of the colony, associated with Mrs. j . j . Banbury. are constantly on the job in the domestic science departm ent. They work unusually lon g hours and are laithfully devoted to the callin g. Miss Austin . who speaks five languages fluently and reads seven. is taking time fro m her other work to teach langua ges in the schools. Mrs. Robert K. Williams, mana ge ress of the hotel , takes two mornings off each week and goes to the school to instruct . pupils in elocution and ~st hetic gymnastics. Mrs. Fox. an artist and sculptor all her life, devotes several days weekly in giv ing the childre n .modeling and art le~son s in the studio and schools in addition to attending to her daily work in the studio, and classes for grown people in the evemngs. Miss Katherine Miller, a recent graduate of the Utah University. is teaching music at the Sierra Madre colo ny and ha s an en thu siastic class. Miss Gladys Zornes. a student of biology and botany, will teach these branches in th e school s here. S he is amply qualifted for this work. Miss Geister has been given charge of mathematics because of her particular training for that th ing. Mrs. Bertha Landon, a trained nurse. ha s acted in this capac it y when· occasion demanded, and through her efficiency has won a warm place in the hearts of g rateful patients. a practical nurse. has officiated on several ocMrs. Kane, . . cas1ons 111 emergencies. In add ition to the above there have been many kind hearted an d practical women come forward and volunteered their services for· this necessary a nd laborious work in the past. Mrs. Harper, the wife of F. 0. Harper, for a time acted as clerk in th e Commissary department. The work, though hard and tedious. was cheerfully followed. • Miss Alberta Fread also did clerkship in the trying situation. Mrs. Beeman Wallace and several other women have volunteered and worked in the commissary. Miss Ida Barney is employed in the transportation department and keeps the accounts correctly. Mn•. Thomas, wife of Foreman Thomas of the laundry, ha s charge of the mending and the exacting work of keeping account of the laundry. Mrs. Floyd Gallup is engaged daily in the bookkeeping department. Mrs. Spencer and Mrs. Richardson, Mrs. Zimmerman, Mrs. Page and several other women are conducting the Souvenir club. which occupies a neat little club house tent, and where visitors are always welcome and shown some o f the handicraft of the women of the colony. In the rug shop we find Mrs. J. j. Leslie who enjoys making .-ugs, and in addition to this daily occupation, write&, draws �T he W e s t e r n C o m r· a d e What Our Visitors Say 1 have had the pleasure of investigating the Llano Colony and foUDd t it was a success beyond any reasonable doubt. During my visit there ,-as surprised to find seven or eight hundred of the most broadminded "' I happiest people I ever mel. rhis Colony is surrounded by all natural resources which are necessary tu the development of any country, has a good location, a very delightful 'i ·tal~. good soil and an abundance of fine water second to none in- the st te; and, above all, each and every. colonist has a home and an equal " tt to earn a living. I certainly think it is advisable for anyone who loyal believer in co-operation to investigate the Llano Colony. 0 - F - -. Coming. CaL Will QUALIFY. THEN COME IN Why did I visit Llano ? I read in THE WESTERN COMRADE .ol ut it and I wanted to know if such a plan could be worked out suefully. As the result of my observations and inquiries during my visit •n confidently say that I honestly believe it can, and more than this, . rn just as forcibly convinced that it is being so wo•ked out and that ,,, -ncr or later the Llano Colony will be an abiding monument to the uo•; retentious but none the less wonderful man who has been instrumental "' · onceiving, starting and developing the co-operative commonwealth of tlo Llano del Rio. Yours for the Colony just as soon as I can arrange to qualify, always l"""dcd, of course, that I may be one of the eligibles in the estimation ,,t the governing board. J- - N- - I" Our Comrades : \\ e have been visiting for the past two days in the Llano Colony and I • ould suggest to any prospective investor to come here and see for him,, li what those 800 people have accomplished in two years. Starting """ five people, 308 acres, 120 acres in pears, 40 acres in French prunes, lilil acres in garden of vegetables, a wonderful rabbitry containg 2000 r.I.Lits, 2000 hens, 8S cows and a splendid barn, and we are told tho'c are 8S head on the range; also 30 head of colts. I here a re 73 working horses; a large industrial building, in which is "'"'"ined all departmen ts of mechanical machinery including a fine weaving JrpH tment for ca rpets, etc., a splendid up-to-date printing establishment, « tdt modern linotype, a steam laundry, new public bathhouses and swimmuog pool. The cannery is now ready for operation. Colony also owns fatm machinery and implements of all kinds. .\ library of 1800 books and magazines, hotel of 14 rooms with p~blic dmtng room. 'llnce musical bands of which two I heard play and their music was ''" d lcnt. ll1e above I have seen with my own eyes, and I know it is here as tdatcd. IRENE M. SMITH HUGGINS INVESTIGATES llANO \\alter Huggins, of Chicago, for more than thirty years identified with th.- «>-operative movement, addressed the residents of Llano on the eve of his departure to report to he Naional Secretary of the Socialist Party • nd the persons who delegated him to come to Llano to investigate for thrtn. He said in part; "It is far better than l anticipated. Your literature and your illustrations do not do it justice. I shall most heartilly recommend my friends to come to Llano. The town is •everal times larger than I expected to find and the pt ospects are magnificent. It is ideal co-operation for it goes back to the first principle--the land. I shall unhesitatingly advise those who ask me about it to come to Llano. You will have a veritable Garden of Eden here in a few years." Comrade Huggins informed his audience that they might expect to '<' many Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin and Ohio families here within a yeor. As a member of the Committee on Co-operatives of the Socialist l'arly, Comrade Huggins word carries confidence with it. Quotations from letter from W. E. C., colonist who is away for a few months making a tour of the East. .. . .Spent day at Niagara Fails, . .my mind went Llano-wards, <on>:>aring the conditions of the workers who are building Llano and the "'" ~ers who have built the power plants at the Falls. "I have worked at places of pleasure belonging to owners of the plants •nu have visited the homes and places of pleasure of the builders, and )'Ot a• a Socialist, know what I found. Llano will do away with both. . It will do away with the idle rich and Rive wc>rk to the idle "'' ,cr ; which means doing away with some of these rotten living places I I 1e seen. ' till, I thin!. a great deal more of the owners than I do of the slaves. Twenty..five Why? For the simple reason that the slaves are contented. Believe me or not, I have met and talked to many about Uano, (and except for a few so well along in years no other hope is left), I found a great rniJIY who were afraid of being robbed, and still every morning they go to work. for wages • Oh l Boneheads! "I find that there are a great many unpleasant things in life and they are not all in Uano. Thin!. of the heat here this month ; in Oeveland 62 babies died the first 23 days. " -In all my travels I have never seen a place where children have as nice a time as at Uano.'' The hotel register for July reads like the mailing list, It includes visitors 'from twelve slates besides California, as far away as Boston on the east, Texas on the south, and Montana on the north. Among those who were here and a large number of whom will .doubtless take up their residence here within the next year, are: Mrs. Lydia Ledwith and Miss Hildebrand, Los Angeles; Mr. and Mrs. Theo. ' D. linden, Mrs. A. Dahlgren, Mr. and Mrs. E. Hulton and Mrs. Fritz Shallstrom of Kingsburg; Walter Huggins, Chicago; Albert Williams, Boston; Prince Hopkins, Santa Barbara; Frederick Rhead, Santa Barbara; Irene Smith, Mrs. Frances N. Noel. Los Angeles; . Miss Katharine Schmidt, Chicago; and Mr. H. Stenzel, San Simon. Ariz. PEARSON'S IS the only magazme of its kind This Ia Why:Three years ago Pearson's decided to be a FREE MAGAZINE. This was the purpose:A plain form would enable the magazine to live on ita income from subscriptions and monthly salea. It would not have to consider the effect on advertisers when it wanted to print the truth about any public queestion. This was the result:P earson's NOW prints the truth about some question which affects your welfare in every isaue. It Prinb Facb Which No Magazine That Depends On Advertising Could "Afford" To Ppnt. And, with all this, Pearson's still prints as much fiction and entertainment articles as other magazines. If you want plain facts, buy a copy on the news stand for I 5 cents, or subscribe by the year for $ LSO. By special arrangement with Pearson's we are able to make you the following clubbing offer until November I st. You can get both PEARSON'S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN COMRADE for One Year by sending One Dollar to THE WESTERN COMRADE lLANO, CAL. After November Jst this rate will be raised tc> $1.50 �Twenty-six T h e W e s t e r n C o m r a d' e Jottings Of Julius M ODERN governments are not crime-preventing institutions, but mere strong-arm committees orga nized to protect the exploiters in the ga me of robbing the people. By Emanuel Julius A pretty good patriot was asked if he would light for his country. "Yes," said he, ' 'I'd lick any rascal that tried to get my country into a war.·· From Oklahoma comes the report that a Democratic politician, who was mistaken for a burgiar. was presented with a bullet. I have been told there is some slight difference. We often hear th at the wo rld doesn't know how how the other hal f lives. There is less than one per cent (the Wall street ga ng) that knows, but doesn't care. The average workingman has nothing but hi> The deadlier the guns made by any country Emanuel julius labor power and his vote; he sells the former when the higher the sta te of civilization. Do you accept that dope? he can lind a buyer and for what he can get, but he g1ves his vote away to those who keep him in poverty. I'd rather see a man with chains on his wrists"than shackles on his mind. You can break materia1 chains, but it's imposWhat, oh! Would you have a good argument against sible to break the chains on the moind of a spiritless, mealy- woman suffrage? A rea l, live pippin of a reason? One that mouthed, lackey-minded wage slave who is ready to die for makes a noise like logic) One that just drips with eloquent his dear little capitalists. disdain? Well. here it is: In China men frequently have cancer in the back of the th roat from eating rice that is very hot. Women do not suffer fro m this because they eil t In the eyes of a capitalist the worst crime a workingman at the second table were their rice is cold. Rice for women I can commit is to he true to the working class. 1\ fat capitalist S<t)'S : •. rhc \\ Orld wants the ht man." what is the fat capita list ht? For Wo1 k like a dray hon;e · a nd gel nothing. Do nothinga nd gel every possible luxury. That's ca pitalism in a nutshell. Do nothing for non-consumers and parasites. Work like a human being- and ge l what you produce. That's Socialism. in a nutshell. Which system hits you in the right place? "Save for a rainy day." says the parasite's platitudinarian. T hink of a penniless wage slave who is caught in a blizzard worrying about what he is going to do when it begins to rain. A The capitalists are liberal when it comes to politics- they let you take your choice between the two old parties. Capitalism is a nen·y old pelican. wonders why we don't welcome the stork. The wrinkled old peilcan is always happy when both the vultures and the slorb are working ha rd. Militarism is the right ann of capitalism- the a rm that swings the bludgeon when the workers become restless and discontented over the evils of wage slavery. (Conlinued on page 27) The ''Llano System'' NEW era in educa tion is dawning--its signs are on every hand . We are coming to have a new conception of the place of the school in the child's life. to break away from old ideas a nd ideals and to reach out for the new. This has led to the development of various educational "systems," some of them widely discussed, bringing fame to their originators. At Llano a new educational system is being developed that departs so radically from that followed at the ordina ry school as to practically ma rk the beginning of an educational revolution. When we sta rt to compare it with others we at once see how great and fundamenta l is the difference. The old way of teaching was to use the child's head as a storehouse o f facts, most of them exceedingly uninteresting and nine-tenths of them absolutely valueless when it came to making one a more useful member of society. As a matter of fact, the word education is a misnomer when applied to this method of teaching. for it means literaly to draw forth from, while our "educators" have all too often made it a hammering-in process. Under the Lla no system all this changed. The child no longer has "learning" forced into a protesting brain with the aid o f a ruler applied to the opposite end of h is a na tomy. On the contrary, he is given a n opportunity to acquire knowledge The crusty bird se nds us a lot of vultures. and after they gel through with us she By Scott Lewis about the world in which he lives a nd its relation to himself. in a natural manner a nd is encouraged, not forced, to make the best possible use of this opportunity. The Llano system assumes that each child is to become a useful member of society, and he is therefore given the chance to acquire useful knowledge. Greek and La tin are dropped from the curriculum. · If he wishes to study them he ca n do so later in life after more important facts are learned. Ou r common sense. if we are blessed with any of this rare virtue. should tell us that for the average person a knowledge of chickens is more useful than the ability to conjugate amo, a nd tha t it is bett t'r to know how to saw a board off straight than to read Homer. It seems so perfectly obvious that a child should be taught, or rather a llowed to learn, the mof. t about those things that will be of the greatest use to him later in life tha t when we really stop to think o f it we wonder that a ny other methoJ of teaching is tolerated for a moment by an enlightened public. Yet is has remained for the socialists ol Llano to introduce in the most practical way this commonse n>e idea. Under the Llano system the children who like gardenin\! are ta ught ga rdening by being a llowed. not compelled, 10 (Conlinued on page 27) �l.MJ1RONO.MlCS The Cook ' Comer Edited by Chef Robert The coupon must be used in asking questions and must be mailed to the Culinary Editor, Western Comrade, Llano, Cal. Cut it out and pin it to your letter. · Any recipe will be given, also translations of French or Cerman menu terms. This department is not confined to American cookery; it j, internationai- F rench, German, Russian, Chinese, Spanish, etc ., Culinary Editor, The Western Comrade JOITINGS OF JUUUS (~Continued from ,p age 26) --GFeat is the spirit of self-saolifice! Ghnious is the feeling ·o f undying patriotism! Fen instance, t omider the House of Lol'ds. The titiled aristocrats were anxious to convince the people that :t hey would gladly ·~do their bit," so they decided to practice economy. As a result, •envelopes much les-s substantial and ornate than those ,h itherto in use have be'en introduced. What a lovely demonstration of patriotism. Let the millions of workers die, while a handful of parasites decide to use less expensive stationery! Can you beat it? There can be no real independence for labor until the people own the means of wealth production and' distribution. "The Path of Glory" is the title of a new. book by a French author. The English poet, Gray, was right ' when he said: " The paths of glory lead but to the grave." \ a me You a re at liberty to ask any questions you desire, and they will be a nswered by Chef Robert. This department is in, tituted for the benefit of the housewives · who read The WESTERN COMRADE. and they are urged to make good u;c of it. Karl Marx used some mighty vigorous language. The great socialist economist was not interested merely in dry facts. He was not a master of the theories of the dustinstax. He could land his solar plexus in a manner that made one forget that he was a doctor of philosophy. He could express his ideas in a- forceful, vigorous, dramatic manner. Here is a line that appeals to me: "Capitalism comes into the world dripping from head to foot, from pore .to pore, with blood and dirt." What is capitalism? In a sentence: It is a system that enables one dass to do nothing and get all a nd another class to do everything and get nothing. \\!ill you tell me why it is better to cut off both ends of a pota.!o he lore baking it? I have been told that it is to take out some oil that n~otkc5 it bitter. I enclose one coupon from the WESTERN COMRADE to entitle. me tu " reply. Adelaide Benson. Du Pont, the powder king, trumpets: "Millions for defense; not one cent for agression." Oh, you powder peddler! ~u I.- Baked potatoes are better when the ends a re cut off as it per· nuls grea ter evaporation of moisture. Tha t is the only reason . perform all of its operations under the guidance of expert gardeners. The children that like chickens a re allowed to raise chickens, do everything themselves mind you, with the result that they had 1200 little fluffy balls running about, and every one a pet. Under the same commonsense plan, others are actually building houses, and good ones too, and so on with all the multitudinous variety of operations carried on at the colony. It certainly takes no prophet to fo~esee the outcome. Square pegs will no longer be found in round holes. The child that is forced to do work that he dislikes makes a poor workman, a failure in life. The children of Llano will do the work they like best and as a result become experts in their chosen line- successes in the struggle for existence. Have you studdied the law of evolution? Do you know the a verage di1ference between the children of successes and the children of failures? If you do you can read the future of a oommunity that trains for success. I do not need to prophecy. The fellow who chatters about war "prosperity" forgets about war prices. Llano Special Rugs As Premiums 27x54 RUGS, Red, Blue, Green or other Trimming Each person sending in a club of 25 Subscriptions at 50c each to THE WESTERN COMRADE or the LLA 0 COLO !ST. or 20 Combinations of the Two at 7Sc each will be given a beautiful THE LLANO SYSTEM (continued from page 26) Lla.no Made RUG FREE. Circulation Department LLANO DEL RIO COLONY L l ano, Cal. Do You Like To Draw? CARTOONISTS earn big money. Our mod'ern up-Io-date home stod'y method can teach you this well paying p•ofession al a, l'o w cosl. Send 4c for illustrated booklet and sample lesson pla>le. LOS ANGELES SCHOOL OF CARTOONING 415c Thorpe Bldg., Los Angeles,, Cal. �l wenty-eigfrl Tbe WesteJtn Comra.dle The Western Comrade F.n!e•ecl •• .econd-dau mal!eJ at the posl office at Los Angeles;. ru. - --- - - - - - - - - ------,;----- - -- ISSUED EACH MONTH AT U.ANO, CAJI.IFORNIA Subscription Price Fifty Ceat.. a Yen JOB HARRIMAN, Managing Edit.o r FRANK E. WOLFE. Editor VOL. IV Nos. 1 ·and· 3 JUNE-JULY, 1916 Subscription Offers $1.50 value - $1 American Sociali:ot, one year .................. 5-0e 1914 Socialist Campaign Book.................S:Oe Llano Girls Perform Western Comrade or Llano Colonist, one year ..........................S:Oe One of the most engaging entertainments yet g1ven m Llano was the "Magic Mirror, presented the last Sunday in july, and voted by the large audience as the _"most elaborate effort yet attempted. Thirteen Llano beauties representing young women contending for the hand of 'im eligible young man were successively framed where the spotlight made each a picture. Mrs. Cecil Williams read the lines; the playlet was in pantomime. The young women taking part were: Estelle Allen, Minnie Eldredge, Floy Hill, Vera Warriner, Gladys Zornes, Miss Barnes, Vernie Allen, jennie Leslie, Mary Moulton, Katherine Miller, Dorothy Mathewson, Myrtle Kemp and Daphne White. Mr. George Grazier was the eligible young man. $1 .50 Combination Offer ..................................$1.00 Total Campaign Book, American all Four, $2.- 0ur Combination Offer, $1 .25 National Rip-Saw «nd Western Comrade ot• Llano Colonist. 75c- All Three for $1 .00. Circula.tion Dept., Western Comraae, Llano, Cal. MAGAZINE RESUMES (continued from page 21) no cranking, no dead center and very little vibration. Simplicity, com> pac tness, power, and low water consumpt ion make it pa rticularly efficient. An ordinary jack-screw can be used to bend bars o r rails by rigging it between posts set in the ground. . . A funn el fo r pouring gasoline into an au tomobile can be quickly made by breaking off a glass bottle uear the bottom. A piece of gauze bandage can be shaped lik e a gas mantel and then soaked in a strong solution of Epsom salts repeatedly until it is stiff. This makes a satisfactory substitute for the commercial article. An elec tric organ is now being made which transmi ts wireless music. A life preserver has been invented with a small hood ·and mask and a periscope attachment, which supplies air in a rough !\fa and wa ter to drink. ' A new dental cement has the appearance of porcelain and the durability · of gold. An electric light placed in a recess at the point where the corners of thre" or four rooms meet, can be made to light them all. The . ,mshine treatment is 'being tried in Buffal<vfor tube.rculous children. ll>ey are kept out-of-doors with practically all the body exposed to the rays .:>f the sun. They generally show marked improvement in a short time. By a simplified j)rocess of color photography, which differs only slightly from a system devis~d a couple of years ago, as many pictures as desired may be produced from the original negati ves. ocialist, Western Comrade. and Llano Colonist-Total value of .Save Your Old Carpets · LLANO RUG FACTORY LLANO. CALIFORNIA The Most Complete Rug Factory on the Pacific: Coa•t Employing Expert Weavers BEAUTIFUL AND DURABLE RUGS can be made from your old Ingrain, Brussels. Moquette and Velvet LEARNING BY DOING (continued from page 19) larly since then; does any one doubt that he is on the way to obtain the kind of an education that will make a four square, u eful individual? This is but one case out of some two hundred possibilities and \v-e cite it to show you the small beginnings that will some of these days mark a great change and show us that there is no su-ch thing as a lazy man or a stupid child. Each will lind his own place. The ponist·ent ~h:q>1dity of miserable hyprocrisy of the !British guvemmbnl iin its ·a ttitude d pretending to !believe the Illish <q>rising w:as of a "em!,rell~ous dral'«cltt, .and lhe soedu'led silken <OOrJ ban,gings, ll"ing to m'ind th-at de'li,ghtiu\ .,\d Oran geman's 41~: "Up " ~ong ladder ..nd down ;a :Shor,t Humo'h ~dGng William; t o Hell wi'lh the Pope." rope. F.-ani< E. Wo'lf.e. Carpets or Rugs. Old Chenille Cu rtains or Table Covers make desirable Rugs. We also weave .lUg Carpets, Rugs and Art Squa res of every ~ir.e ilnd l style. We pay freight o ne .,-.ay •m order< .amowlling Jo $5.00 ASK ABOUT THE LLANO SPECIAL RVC SlUP DIR!fiCT TO Jfl.E RI.!JC O£'PAJR'!I'M.EI'JT LlANO J)£L ruo GO. PALMDALE. CAL. �The Western Comrade With The Hustlers GOT 38 SUBS. WANTS TO MAKE IT EVEN HALF. HUNDRID . A-- K-- is one of the hustling kind of members who does not •elieve in waiting until he gels to Uano to do his hustling, He is an notallment member from Salt Lak., City. He says in part: ')ear Comrade Wolfe: . . . • My 38 subscribers (and I hope to 'make it half a hundred •his month) are only plain, average workingmen. However, there is not • 1cab among them. I know that. Some of them may take some deeper ·nterest in the Llano Co-operative Colony after he bas read 111E WESTERN COMRADE (the catalog of our firm as I look on it) for cveral months. Fraternally Yours A-K- (Comrade K- - went out to distribute a few of the COMRADES ornong his friends. He got subscriptions as he went. What would happen f 150 other memb~rs did the same each month?) Centralia, Wash., July 12, 1916 Comrades: Enclosed find money order for three dollars and fifty cents which please send THE WESTERN COMRADE to the enclosed list , f names. We have watched the growth and success of the Llano del l ~io Colony, and would like to be more familiar with your project. We .o re convinced that with the good start you have made and with the loyalty of comradeship you cannot fail. Wishing you all success, I am, Yours in red, R-- G--, Washington 1or Burley. Idaho, July 22, 1916 \1r. R. K. Williams, Llano, Cal. Dear Comrade: I received your welcome feller sometime ago, but was busy of late, so excuse any delay of answering sooner. I am still in the ring and am doing good work for Llano. I am sending in quite a lot of applications and am expecting before this fall l o have quite a few more added to my list. I expect to leave for Llano after the November election, and if all goes well I will take quite a few with me overland by auto. So you can be prepared to look out for quite ,, few from Idaho. Hoping to hear from you again, I remain as ever, Your friend and comrade, A. s. L.- The mailing list of THE WESTERN COMRADE reads like an advanced 11nd thoroughly up-to-date geography these days. And as we read Alaska, Panama, Vancouver, B. C., Montreal, and Quebec, Costa Rico, A. C., cotland, sanwiched in between every slate in the Union, from Florida to Maine on the eastern coast, then in a straight line west as far as the Hawaiian Islands, we feel that we are covering considerable ground. The hearty goodwill and earnest wishes expressed for the success of the COMRADE in its mission of spreading good news of the practical working out of co-operation among those who haye not had a chance to try it in the capitalist world, are a constant spur to our best endeavors in building it up to be the finest magazine to be found anywhere. The feeling that exists among our subsc.ribers is bound to spread a network of thought across the world that will surely have a tremendous effect towards bringing about that freedom we are all striving to. allain. PEARSON'S WILL · BE ILLUSTRATED Beginning with the September ·number Pearson's will become an illustrated magazine. Cost of production will necessary be increased as the magazine is improved. · In view of these facts the management bas decided to withdraw on • ovember 1st the fifty eenl certificates by means of which Pearson's hao been subscribed for at the rate of $1.00 a. year. . The withdrawal of these certificates also means that on and after 1 o ember 1st all dubbing rates will be raised. uhscribe NOW and get THE WESTERN COMRADE and PEARSON'S EMANUEL JULIUS "THE PEST'; "ADOLESCENCE" and "SLUMMING" By EMANUEL JULIUS Gives vou a laugh and an idea tied up m the . same package. Three Clever Plays Something to smile at when you read, or to roar at when you see them played-yet they'll give you something to ponder over, too. Eugene V. Debs says of Emanuel Juliu: He has a most interesting style and all of his matter has life in it and pith, and appeals strongly to the reader. You'll make it a great deal stronger than that when you've read "THE PEST," one of the most lucid, straight.from·the shoulder things ever put into print. The others are jUJt as good and they all come in the same little booklet. They are all one-act production• and can be put on by ord· .. inary people with good effect. Anyway, it is worth having in the house juat a• prop· aganda. PRICE TEN CENTS THE WESTERN COMRADE. LLANO, CAL. both for $1.00 a ;rear. [ Main 619 Home A Z003 Tdq:hone Home A-4533 HARRIMAN &. LEVIN ~ _d_es.__CaL_-J ·- 92 - l_l_fiu __ i"_sBI _IDI _·Ic5Dg --A:-ttn-noeJS- •I_I.a_w_ ._Los __ A . J. STEVENS DENTIST 306 South Broadway, Los Angeles. CaL Room Sl4 �Thirty T he W e s te r n C o m r a d e Emanuel Julius and The Comrade Remarkable Remarks LL who know of the writings of Emanuel Julius will be glad to know that he is now to write for the WESTERN COMRADE. Everyone who has read Emanuel Julius short sketches which appeared in The Sunday Call and other publications recognizes in him a masterful satirist whose originality in phrasing cuts like a two edged sword the thing he is exposing to ridicule. In this little volume of plays Julius excels himself. Julius never did like modern made-to-order fiction and much less did he like their guilty perpetrators who turn out novels on a piece work basis at so much 'a word. And in "The Pest" he takes this type of novelist whom he quite appropriately names Mr. Ten-Cents-A-Word and keeps him on the gridiron for quite a while to the utter delight _of his . readers. The booklet contains two other amusing playlets entitled "Slumming" and "Adolescence." In the first of these, Julius makes the wealthy pampered lady who believes it her social duty to go " slumming" take a dose of her own medicine. The tables a re 'turned. Instead of her doing the_ "slumming" one of the slum proletarians comes into her house on a "slumming" expedition. And the dialogue that takes place provokes roaring laughter. In the latter playlet Julius with stilleto-like satire pierces the melodramists who write the "Broadway" plays. This little volume can be secured from The Western Comrade, Llano, Cal. , for Ten Cents. Co-operation, if it means anything, means the most perfect and comprc hensive organization of industries, the most precise and business-lib methods in their operation, and the most adequate policing and control of the powers so organized and operated, to the end that none may be oppressed, and that the !ina! result may be a co-sharing by. the workers. -Clinton Bancroft. A A Matter of Taste;-Someone asked Mr. Kilmer about the rabbit, the other day. He has several varieties there. and the questione1 wanted to know which variety is considered best. Before he had time to reply one of the boys from the Sierra Madre school piped up with "We like fried rabbit best up at our colony." NOT A SQUATIER Bert Engle slowly dictated to a stenographer : " Grantor's description of the lands by metes and bounds is nol sufficient.*' This is what she wrote: " Granto r's description of the land by leaps and bounds is not suffi cient." A SOLID FOUNDATIOI'! It has been said that armies march on their hollies. Doubtless this is a metaphor and can readily be understood. It may he true. The famous Squib case. much quo ted by lawyers. soemed to have depended on the same foundation. _ ln his plea the at torney said ; " Lik"'\·isc in this. in~lt\nC<' the explosion of the blast naturally produced the mental slate of fri~ht . the fright the faint , the faint the fall , the fall the frac ure of the abdominal wall upon which the plaintiff ros ts her cause for ac tion." What L Ian o Women Do <continued from page 24) and models remarkably well. Mrs. Burwell also keeps busy the rooms and see that everything is in order within the in the rug shop, filling orders for rugs for which there is a rooms and in the hall. constant demand. The ladies who play in the orchestra are: Mrs. M. G. One of the important branches of our municipal life, the Buxton, Mrs. F. Gallup, Miss Floy Hill , and Miss Miller ; also library, a branch of the Los Angeles County Library, contain- others. ing more than 1800 volumes, is efficiently presided over by Mrs. John E. Shafer, in addition to her duties as stenogMrs. Mathewson. Under her direction the library has increased rapher in the office, has a big class of young women as pupils. in size and importance. The library reading room is ever the Misses Mathewson, Warriner, Hill, Richardson. Alice Nestpopular. Occasional assistance is required and help is eagerly ler and Mrs. Whitzel. These young women when finished, will proffered by young women willing to engage in this work. be able to take their part in the ever increasing office work and We now come to the backbone of the ranch, the eatinp: assist in many ways the upbuilding of the colony. establishment or hotel. From 80 to 125 meals are served The two Mrs. Pearceys are actively engaged in garden three times a day. The culinary department is presided work. in which they are interested and get much enjoyment over by Mrs. julia Forrest, assisted by Mrs. Clara Robinson therefrom. The kitchen at the Tilghman ranch , now the property of and Miss. Louise Valek. Frequently additions to this force by women of the colony is given. Mrs. Allen, in addition to the the colony will be soon opened and in readiness to accomwork of running a cleaning and repairing establishment for modate the men employed in that vicinity. It will be under the colony, volunteers her services in the kitchen and relieves the care and direction of Mrs. Irwin , who will have several those in charge of much tedious aR£1 hard work. Mrs. New- women to help in the work. All know that getting three regular meals daily and the man, now on vaction in the south. presided over the kitchen for a long time. In addition to the women in the kitchen. thousand attentions to household duties are exacting beyond expression. Women are our best optimists. several men assist in preparing and serving meals. The hotel dining room. where meals are served has a full A visitor can stop at homes in the colony and receive a corps of young women of the colony, who set the tables, pre- welcome, an explanation of the colony's activities, and an sideat the cafeteria, serve the tables, and wait on the ten tables expression of confidence in the future of this, the greatest which seat eight people each. Those now on duty are: Mrs. co-operative effort. R. K .Williams in charge, jeanette Gilbert, Lillian Gilbert, Not all the women have been mentioned who are engaged Estella Allen, Adeleen Forrest, Minnie Forrest, Agnes Smith, in necessary work about the ranch. The keeping of the home with Jimmie Ratcliff and Vernie Allen as substitutes, and and caring for children and keeping up an optimistic frame ~ind are just as important as some of the more public Minnie Musselman now on a vacation. The upstairs department of the hotel is under Mrs. L. 0. work. The housewife is seldom given consideration, because Wright and Mrs. Margaret Saunders, who are taking care of her work is routine and not generally seen. �Elkskin Boots and Shoes FACTORY OPERAtED IN CONNEcrtO PRICE UST 10-inch &.-Is ...........$6.00 Men's· IZ-inch Boob ............7.00 Men's 15-inch Boots ...............8.00 Ladieo IZ-inch Boots .............. 6.00 Ladies' 15-inch Boots ............ .7.00 Men's Elk Work Shoes .......... ..4.00 Men's Elk Dress shoes ..... ...5.00 Ladies' Elk Shoes ................. .4.00 lnfanl ; Elk Shoes, I to 5........ 1.50 Child's Elk Shoes, 5Yz to 8 ..... .2.00 Child' o Elk Shoes, 1~'y2 to I 1....2.50 Miucs' and Youtlu', IIYz to 2, 3.00 HOW TO MEASURE Place stocking fool on paper, drawing pencil around shape of the fool. Pass tape around at ankle, instep, lop of boot, and over the loe&, without drawing tight. Gi ve size U!l' :i• worn. Wlrl'H LlANO DEl!. RIO tEli!.Q Ideal Footwear for Ranchers and Outdoor Men T HE Famous Clifford Elkskin Shoes are lightest and easiest for solid eomfort and will outwear three pairs of ordinary shoes.· We cover all lines from ladies'. men's and children's button or IMe in light handsome patterns to high boots for mountain , hunting, ranching, or d aert wear. Almost indestructible. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurements according to ipatruationa. Out of town shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P.O. order And state whether we shall forward by mail or express. Sales Department Llano ·del Rio Company. Llano, Cal. BILLY . GOATS For Sale For Sale Thoroughbred Swiss Berkshire Boars of PEOIOREE!D Milk-strain Stock Pedigreed Parentage The e -ail'e llihe world's best millkii:ng strain. and ~l'eedeir.s <Of m11~ goall:s wi!l find one of lllhese ih-eahihy, pu~e Mot!>ded youn·gs er:s a paying mvestrm-e))~, WITlite l!iGr p:rioe ard lful]er ,paJJilliou'laJr.-s Ito Ge~11ge If. PiidktellJt, c'f l !'he Big. :sru.!J'dy ,stocJk .of pro3:i:U-c. ~ ftird!hl, ~ animal! is gua!lacteed tt!il !be m~rife9t ~ #Dd of purest IM.OO!l &itra fu!_e lbr~~J'JS, Our §W:ck liLA 0 DIEl. RIO COLONY ILJLAINO DElL !RIO CO!LO Y JLa~arn((l), Call. ns lUllS.Ul;pa:ssed., u ;a ID\0. ·C<~~.IL j �What Have You Saved? Have you any definite plan for the future? Do you still think you can beat the game, that you can attain a secure position through your own individual efforts? Can you still hope that you are going to get ahead? Each year sees you a little older, a little less able to win against the tremendous odds with which you are confronted. Figure your earnings during the last ten years and see how much you have received, and what you have left of it. Ask Yourself These Questions: In all the years you have worked and striven, what have you gained? What have you to show for it? What assurance have you that you will be able to keep what you have? What has the future to offer you? Do you like the way things are going? Have you any hope of doing better? These are things for you to consider. If you have a family, they are the all-important consideration. Do you want your boys and girls to go through the same uncertainty, the same unnecessary trials and tribulations that you have gone through"? Installment Payments in the Llano del Rio Colony Are Better Than-- LIFE INSURANCE You don't need to worry about sickness, about unemployment, about losing your home, about loss of wages. about providing for your old age, about securing an education for your children. A membership in the Llano del Rio Colony is the best security and insurance in the world. - CASUALTY INSURANCE - BUILDING AND LOAN INVESTMENTS - SPECULATIVE INVESTMENTS - BUYING A HOME - PUTTING MONEY IN THE BANK "Living" Insurance For Your Family Your payments now on a . membership are your pay- Dollar policy in the Llano del Rio Colony is a mem- ments on a "living insurance" policy. Not life insurance that you get when you die, but life insurance bership for life, carrying the best insurance the world has ever known. It not only insures YOU but it that you get while you are alive. A One Thousand insures your entire fam ily. It is real pr~tection. Look at it from a business standpoint and learn what it is worth to you. NOWHERE ON EARTH CAN BUY SO MUCH FOR YOUR MONEY. START YOUR PURCHASE NOW! Yuu SEND FOR FREE ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET "THE GATEWAY TO FREEDOM" ADDRESS: Llano del Rio Company Journal Building OF NEVADA Reno, Nevada � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1916-06/07 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Description An account of the resource Double Issue Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-06/07 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v04n02-03_191606-07 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-31 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v04n02-03 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/16a314bb80250f8cbe4fed7e31640255.pdf c3f8bb40a728d0a483ffe406a5c84bca PDF Text Text ),~·~· t, 1(. ·' 4 lfi( �THE GATEWAY TO FREEDOM Through Co-operative Action T HE name of the Nevada Colony Corporation has been changed to t he LLANO DEL RIO COMp A 1Y OF NEVADA. This has been done in order to conform to the name of the only colony enterprise in which we are interested-the LLANO DEL RIO CO-OPERA'l'IVE COLONY situated in L os Angeles County, California. We are not interested in any colonization enterprise in Nevada, or any other state out ide of California. Another important change has been made in that we have decided to issue our former contracts instead of the one we offer ed as t he Nevada Colony Cor poration. This makes t he ter ms of membership much easier on the members. Instead of asking $2,500 for member hips, we have decided to continue on the $2,000 b_asis. This requires the member to pay $1,000 as the initial f ee, and to work out the remaining 1,000 shares at t he Colony, at the rate of only one doll ar per day instead of two do lla rs per day. Outstanding contracts will be changed to conform to this when requested. Following is the plan to which we have r eturned: each share-holder agrees to buy 2,000 share of capital stock. Each pays in cash or installments, $1 ,000. Each pays in labor, $1,000. Each r eceives a daily wage of $4, from which is deduct ed one dollar for the stock he is working out. l<'rom the l'cmainder comes his living expenses. 'Whatever margin he may have above deduction for stock and living expenses is credited to his .individual account, payable from t he surplus profits in the enterprise. l f an installment member falls ill, is disabled or disemployed, t he Colony gives him every opportuni ty to recover and r esume payments. In no case will he he crowded. If he f inds it impossible to resume payments, we will , upon r equest, issue stock for t he full amount he has paid. 'l' his is 1J·ansferahl c and may he sold to his best advantage. In t his we will undertake to assist wher ever pr-acticable. Co1·porations ar e not allowed by law to deal in t heir own stock. 'l'hc LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY is interested in only one magazine- THE WESTERN COl\IRADE. This is an illustrated monthly magazine devoted to t he cause of co-operation and Socialism. It has hccn issued by the Colony since its inception. Joh Harriman, founder of the LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY, is the managing editor . THE WESTERN COl\:m ADE is the only magazine that we guarantee will print stories in each issue covering the activities at the LLANO DEL RIO COMl\IUNJ'l'Y. The subscription price is fifty cents p er year, clubs of four, twenty-five cents a year, You are urged to read t he following with g reat care. It will give you much information concerning a colony two years old, with a r ecord of wonderful achievement and success. W El have an abundance of sparkling water from mountain streams sufficient to irrigat e thousands of fertile acres where natu re's bounty is limitless. We a re conducting a great agricultural, horti cultural, stockraising ente rpr ise. We have a number of industr ial plants operating and a numbe r of other s projected. We have nearly 800 residents at the new city of Lla no and thousands of other s are planning to make it the ir home in the future. Th ere are excellent schools, among them a wonderful Montessori school which takes cha rge of the children at t wo years of age. Schools ra nge from this to the high school. Write today for an application blank, fill it out and send together with a remittan ce of $10 or more to secure your membership. You can then a rrange to pay $10 a month or more until you can so adjust your affairs that you can make your final payment and join your com rades who have already borne the first brunt of pioneering. The climate is delightful, the soil fertile. the water pure a nd the social life grows more ideal as the colony increases in numbers. Sound Fin a nci n g Nece ssar y P ERSONS cannot be admitted to r esidence at the colony upon the payment of UO.OO or any other sum Jess than the initial payment fee. Hundreds write and suggest they be allowed to pay a small amount, or in some cases, nothing at all, then enter the colony a nd work out the r emainder on their shares. If ~he colony permitted this there would soon be a hundred thousand applications. · The m oney derived from these Initial payments is used to pay for land, improvements, machinery and to carry on t he enter prise u ntil it is on a paying basis. It takes consider able time to bring a large agricultural undertaking to a productive point. The colony must proceed on sound financia l lines in order to continue its present success. This fact must be obvious to all. Th e management of th e Liane, del Rio Community has never been unmindfu l of th e fact that there Is a numberless a rm y that cannot take advantage of this plan of co-operation. Man y letters come in that breathe bitter a nd deep disappointment. No one cou ld regret this more than we do. It Is our hope that the day will come when successful co -ope ative gr oups can say to their stripped, robbed and exploited brothers: "You who come with willing hands and understanding of com radeship and co-operation are welcome." The Installment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month is proving satisfactory. On this plan the absent comrade is providing for the future while his brothers and sister s on the land are bearing the brunt of the pioneering. Families entering the Colony begin to draw from the commissary. Some of the food, a ll the cloth ing, much of th e material they draw, costs money, The · ini t ial membership fee goes to offset the support of families until the colony shall be on a paying bas is. Import a n t Que s tion s Answere d W HEN a member of the colon y dies his shares and c redits, like any other property, go to his heirs. Only Caucasians are admitted. W e have had applications from Negroes, Hin dus, Mongolians and �Malays. The rejection of these applications are not due fitness and ability. The business and financial affairs of to race prejudice but beca.u se it is not deemed expe- the enterprise are conducted by the Board of Directors dient to mix the races in these communities. who are elected by the stockholders. The corporation Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern by-Jaws are the stereotyped corporation by -Jaws of Pacific Railroad. All household goods and other shipalmost every state. The only innovation is in the rements should be consigned to the name of the owner, stricting of anyone ·from voting more than 2000 shares Palmdale, California, care Llano Colony. Goods will of stock, regardless of how many shares are held. As be stored in the colony's warehou se until ordered moved this is to be the ultimate holding of every member, this to Llano. All shipments should be prepaid, otherwise Is considered a strong protective clause. The incorporathey cannot be moved and storage or demurrage may . tion charter is also the usual type and gives the corbe charged. Freight transportation between the colony poration the right to transact almost all manner of busiand the station is by means of auto trucks. Passengers ness. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, safe, are carried in the colony's auto stages. In shipping and well construed. There is no disposition on the part household goods, it will be well to ship only lighter of state officials to interfere. goods. Cook stoves, refrigerators and heavy articles s hould not be s hipped from points wh er e freight rates Community ·M anagement are high. HE LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a r emarkIndividuals may own their own automobiles and able form of management that is the r esult of evo many colonists do own t hem. All livestock. poultry, etc., lution. The managem ent of the affairs of the colare kept in the departments devoted to those industries. The aim is to k eep the residence portion of the s:olony ony industries are in the hands of the various depar tm ent manage rs. There a re about twenty-five of these clean and sanitar y. departments and in each department there are divisions. some of these divis ions a re for emen. All these are Declaration of Principles Over selected fo r th eir experience and fitness for t he position. N conducting the a ffairs of the Llano del Rio Com- At the managers' m eeting as many per sons as can crowd munity it has been found that the fewer inflexible in the room are always pref;ent. These m eetings are rules and r egulations the gr eater the harmony. In- held every night and they a re unique in that no motions stead of an elaborate constitution and a set of laws the are ever made, no resolutions adopted and n o minutes colonists have a Declaration of P rinciples a nd they live a r e k ept. THE LAST ACTION ON ANY MATTER up to the spiri t of them. The declaration follows: SUPERCEDES ALL FORMER ACTION AND THIS Things which are used productively must be owned STANDS UNTIL THE PLANS ARE CHANGED. The colle cti vely. plan is working most admirably and smoothly. At these The ri ghts of the Community shall be pa ramount over nightly meetings the work for the n ext day is planned, thos e of any individual. teams a re a llotted, workers ar e shifted to the point Liber ty of action is only permissible wh en it does where the needs are gr eatest, and machinery is put on not restrict the liberty of another. designated work, transportation is a rra nged, wants are Law is a r estriction of liberty and is only just when mad e known and filled as near as practicable. Th e operating for the beD,I'fit of the Commu nity a t la rge. Board of. Directors , members of which · are elected by Values created by the Community shall be vested in the stockholder s, meets once a week and has charge of the Community a lone. the financial and business management of the enterprise. Th e indi vidua l is not justly e ntitled to more land These directors are on the sam e basis as a ll t heir· com than is s ufficient to satisfy a reasonable desire for peace ra des in the colony. At the general assembly all persons a nd r est. Productive land held for profit shall not be over e ighteen years of age, residing in t he colony, have held by private ownership. · a voice and vote. Talent and intelli gen ce a r e gifts which should rightl y be used in the service of others. The de velopment of these b y e ducation is the gift of the Community to the What Colonists Escape HE electric light bill, the water bill, the telephon e individual, a nd the exer cise of greater ability entitles bill, the gas bill, the ice bill, th e coal bill, the docnone to the false rewards of greater possessions, but tor's bill, the drug bill, the dentist's bill, the school only to the joy of gr eater service to others. Only by identifying his interest s a nd pleasures with book and school s upplies bill, th e sewer assessmen t bill, th e drain of str eet car fare . the annoyan ce of the back those of others can man find r eal happiness. The duty of th e individual to the community is to door ped dler and begger (Henry Dubbs who think the develop ability to the greatest degree possible by avail - trouble is individual ha rd luck ), the hundred and one ing him self of a ll educa t ional facilities and to de vote greater a nd s maiJer burdens on the householder, and the long Jean weeks caused by disemployment and the cont he whole extent of that ability to the service of all. The duty of the individual to the Community is to sequent fear of the future. T here is no landlord and administer justice. to elimina te gr eed a nd selfishness, no r en t is charged. While they are charged with Ji ving exp~nses, for food to educate a ll and to aid any in time of a ge or misan d clothin g, the Colonists nev er fear meeting the grofor tu ne. cery bill, th e milk bill, the clot hing bill, the laundry bill, the butcher's bill and the other inevitable and multi 'Constitution and By - Laws' tudinous bills that burden the struggling workers in the ANY person s w ho want to know h.ow the affair s of outside world. For th e taJr bill h e has no fear. The the Llimo del Rio Community a r e conduct ed think, Colony officials attend to the details of aiJ overhead. To in order to get this information, they mus t secure his. the amusements, sports, pastimes, dances, entertainments a nd all educational facili ties are free. a copy of a constitution. and by-Jaws. There is no conTh e Directors of the company are: Job Harriman, stitution. The Llano Community contents itself with a "declaration of principles" which is printed on this page president ; Fra nk E. Wolfe, vice-president ; G. P . McCorkle, treasurer ; C. M. Cason, auditor ; F. P. McMahon, of this magazine. The management of the Colony rests vice -president ; W . A. Engle, secretar y; D. J. Wilson, with the Board of Managers, a member of which is the vice- pr esiden t; A. F. Snell and Emma J. Wolfe. superintendent. These m anagers are selected for their T I T M Address aiJ communications and make all paym e nts to the LLANO ·DEL RIO COMPANY OF NEVADA, !\~~Dq �Information About the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony Llano, California T HIS is the greatest Community EnterpTise ever launched in America. The colony was founded by Job Harriman and is situated in the beautiful Aritelope Valley, Los Angeles County, California, a few hours ' ride from Los Angeles. The community is solving the problem of diseinployment and i:Jusiness failure, and offers a way to provide for. the future welfare of the workers and their families. H ere is an example of co-operat.i on in action. Llano del Rio Colony is an enterprise unique in the history of community groups. It was established in· an attempt to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employment for the workers ; to assure safety and comfort for the future and for old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best school under personal supervision, and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. Th ere arc about 800 persons living at the new town of Llano. There are now more than 200 pupils in the schools, and several hundred are expect ed to be enrolled before a year shall have passed. Plans are under way for a school building, which will cost several thousand dollars. The bonds have been voted and sold' and there is nothing to delay th e buildin g. Schools have opened with classes ranging from the Montessori and kindergarten grades through the intermediate, which includes the first year in hi gh school. This gives the pupils an opportunity to take advanced subj ects, in cluding languages in the colony school. The colony owns a fi ne herd of 105 head of J ersey and Holstein dairy cattle and is turning out a large amount of dairy products. There is steady demand for our output. There are many thousand grape cuttings in the ground and thousands of deciduous fruit and shade trees in the colony nursery. This department is being steadily extended. The community owns several hundred colonies of bees which are producing honey. This department will be increased to several thousands. Several tons of honey are on hand. Among other industries the colony owns a steam laundry, a planing mill, large modern sawmill, a printing plant, a machine shop, a tannery, a rug and carpet weaving plant, and a number of other productive plants are contemplated, among them a cannery, an ice plant, a shoe factory, knitting and weaving plant, a motion picture company and factory. All of this machinery is not yet set up owing to the stress of handling the crops. Th e Llano Community recently purchased a part of t he San Gabriel forest reser ve f rom the United States government. It has been estimated that nearly 1,000,000 fee t of lumber can be obtained from this land. The colonists are farming on a large scale with the use of modern machinery, using scientific syst em and tried methods. About 120 acres of garden was planted last year . 'fhis year t he garden is being enlarged to more than twice this size. Social life in t he colony is most delightful. Ent ertainments and dances are r egularly established fun ctions. Baseball, basket-ball, tennis, swimming, fishing, hunting and all other sports and pastimes are popular with all ages. Several hundred acr es are now in alfalfa, which is expected to run six cuttif;lgs of heavy hay this season. There are two producing orchards and about one hundred acres of young pear trees. The colony has seventy-five work horses, two large tractor s, three trucks and a number of au-· More t han 26,000 2-year-old fruit trees were set tomobilcs. Th e pou ltry department hal'! 1000 egg- out this spring. Th ese are, for the most part, pears, making birds, some of them blue ribbon prize peaches and apples. winners. This department, as all others, is in the S ix hundred and forty acres have been set aside charge of an expert and it will expand rapidly . for a site for a city. The building department is There are several hundred hares in the rabbitry making bricks for the construction of hundreds and the manager of th e department says the ar- of homes. The city will be the only one of its rivals are in startling numbers. kind in th e world . It will be built with the end of being beautiful and utilitarian. There are over 200 hogs in the pens, and among them a large number of good brood sows. This A large lime kiln is now running, and there is department will be given special attention and enough lime in a n earby hill, owned by the colony, ranks high in importance. to build their proposed city. �CONT/ENTS Page 7 Editoria ls ~Y J ob Harriman . 10 \\' estfi eldian Infidelity By Jo hn D equer. Th e W od;:ing Hypoth esis ." 11 B.'· .-\ Cons ta nt Associa te. 12 En' ry Day Is Mother 's Da y By Ed mun d n. Brumba ug h. 1.'h e New Impossibilism . 13 By Fra nk E. Wolfe. Anniversary Day At I .. lano · B)· r:. K . 'Villl a m s . What Two Yea rs Have \Vl'Ou ght . 18 B)· E rn est S. ' Vocst e r. 20 Co-operation at Llano By l! . K . . ,Yillia ms. :\Iill vill e Preparedn ess . 23 By C"Ja ru n. C ushm a n. 2-t Song of th e Submarin e By G eor ge M a uri cio. Sla ve or l\-Iaste r B.r -.G ~o r ge G ib bons. Jungle Jottings . -· ').., 28 By Ema nu e l ,.Juliu s . Colony Couri er 29 Smart Smattet·in gs 30 �• .· ,. The Slave .. �THE WESTERN COMRADE ·m ~ ~i.EW YORK _ __________________________________ o _e v_o_te_d__t_o_ th _ _e__c_a_u_ae__o_f __ th_e__w __or_k_e_ra~~fR~~~tr~~r·~· ~,~~~~n'~~,7'~-----------Co· operation ·l l ~ ':, ~!\~ -::1:::. r\ I Direct Action ,!.' ~llt lcal Act ion VOL. IV LOS ANGELES, CAL., MAY, 1916 ~s fo~t\~~:'l" NUMBER 1 o~~======c================~~==~~~~~~~~~~~~FR~.~~.~~~~~~L~~~~~= 19 17 E D I T 0 R I -A L s "WE are after 0. A. 'l'veitmoe , grow. H e knows bow heavy is t he By Job Harriman hut we have no eYidence. '' burden t hat r ests on the shoulders of This was t he statement of \\'oolwin e in his talk be- t he poor, and he h ears .the groap.s, and knows the fo re t he jury in the Caplan case. pains of the millions of poor men, wom en and chil'· No evidence," and yet, " we are after him." dren as they stagger on under this crushing burden, Thet·e ,,-as " no evid ence·" against 'l'veitmoe in the in pover ty, hunger and dirt. Knowing and seein g lnui anapolis case, and yet th e jury convicted him. it all, he has made up his mind to help organize the Th e l:nited States Circu it Court set th e verdict poor, to help them throw off their burden ; to help :~s id e on t he ground t hat ther e wa s " no evidence" t he sufferin g millions to conserve their ener gy and tu sustain the v ill ain ous verdict. to li ve each fo r all and all for each. Judge Ander son, Distri ct Judge at Indianapolis, 'l'h1s is why th e capitalists and their hirelings "-as" a fte r h im, " kno"·ing th er e was " no evid ence." ''are after him'' with ''no evidence.'' l t " ·as hi s vicious treatment of 'l'veitmoe in open Js it not t ime t he workin g class, and especially \·ourt that caused th e jury to convict. the union men and the Socialists, wer e learning who :\Iiller, Uni ted States District Attorn ey, was" after is t heir f t·iend 1 him " with " no eYidence." + + + Otis rs, and fo r fifteen years has been, "after S URE, Mrs. Robert Li ggett is right -in her posih im " with "no evid ence." tion t hat "wealthy women should not bear chilThe l\ferchants' and l\'lanufaeturers ' Association of dren. " Why should they bring children into the the Pacifi c Coast. and t he Erectors ' Association ar e world who a re taught that it is a disgrace to work, " after him" with "no evid ence." and who only eat and drink and absorb the wealth Is it not time that th e working men were learning produ ced by th e poor? who is their f riend ? + + + Why are th ey after him ? THE smoke of the battle in the South is clearing 'l'veitmoe is r ecognized by friend and foe as on e away, while the clouds are dark and lowering of the most capable men in the American Labor in t he north. movement. J n labor troubles his judgment is un Th e scene of the North ern struggle is in Detroit. rrrin g. As a general, he has no supet·ior. H e is at Roosevelt, the unique champion at once of war and once a statesman, a politician, a general and a student p eace ( ?) went forth to that city with his politiof politi cal and economic sci ence. H e knows equally cal sword in hand, his hrow knit, his lips distended, \Yell th e psychology of both the working class and and his t eeth set in th e grip of his iron jaw, as <·apitali st class. H e knows how avaricious are the he growled : " W e shall have p eace, but first we r·ic h, and with what heartl ess tyranny and brutality sha ll fight. " It is said t hat he had on his 1\igh-top boots ready they treat the poor. H e knows that the rich acquire th eir power by sapping the poor of their ilnergy to l<i ck or strike or bite Ford , as occasion r equired. t hrough labor. H e knows that for this energy · an His great, fat paws were in condition to give his r quivolent is not r endered. H e knows that their antagonist a ferocious swat. His growling and win es and sweet meats, th eir pajaces and diamonds, snarling anJ snapping indi cated that his fangs were the ir silks, th eit· broadcloth and satins ar e all pur- in .excell ent trim. His violent ki cking placed him in chased by the blood mon ey taken from the poor. th e class of the stiff-necked and long-eared generaAnd what is worse, he knows that the very ener gy tion . that is taken from the poor is the power by which A uniqu e p eace animal is this--with his large t hey ar e coer ced . H e knows that labor produces paws, his ferocious fangs and his ironed hoofs. As all wealth ; t hat a part of the product is used by the a peace angel the monster would look better in rich with which to pay taxes. He knows that th e pieces than in conglomerate form. What a hearttax mon ey is used to pay the judges, the police, th e such a monster must have! War; because he is militia, the st anding army, and to finance the legis- ambitious for military glory. P eace--because he is lature while they make the laws. H e knows that ambitious for political preferment. His peace nothese laws are made by reas.o n of this influ ence, to tions are terribly ripped and run down at the heel, protect the institutions out of which these privil eges but his hat is still in the ring. �8 T .h e We s tern Comrade THERE arc three distinct factions in the ·world "mere faction meets the national po"·er, it must go Labor Mov ement. One is purely political , one down in defeat. Its w eakness, likewise, begets is purely economi c, and the oth er both political and despair, the practi cal men tend to withclt-aw and eco nomi c. lt is by th e latter that we find substan- the fanatics r emain in charge of affairs. The tentia l, constru ctiv e work bein g done and from ·it that dency towar·d fanaticism is, howeYer, less mal'lied in we may ex pect acceptabl e r esults of great magnitude. this than in the political faction. Th e two form er factions tend to deyelop th e same These three factions r epresent th e work ers. psy<:IJOlogy- nam cly fanaticism-among their memActing together , politically and economically, they ship, but for Yery different r easons. : could take and hold any state in th e union. Th ey Th Py both invar iably ask th e same. qu estion , that could pass laws legalizing th eir o"·n institutions. ts: "Do you beli eve in politi cal act ion or dir·ec t 'fhis 'vould place th e power of go.v ernrncnt back . ad ion 'I " 11' th ey could only ask: " Do yo·u be- of th em and th eir institutions and th eir enemies l icv1· in pol iti ea l action and direct action 1" they would soon be known as th e violators of law and would no t only unit e their forces, but th ey would order. Th e· industri al organizations are forced by conalso unite with th em the third fact ion , which combinations would be a tremendous, if 11ot irresistibl e ditions into action for srlf-protection. 'fhcy should rx t end their activities into th e polit ical field and wol"id-"·id e workin g-c lass power. 'l'his, ho,,·c vcr·, will not happen un til , hy its effi- . seize every source of po" ·cr. Fanati cism has a na rrow fi eld and its days arc · eiPncy. the p oli t ic·a l ani economic g roup shall demonstrate the wi sdom of its com·sc and abso rb th e number ed. + + + other groups. Unfo rtun ately, th e psychology of a large factio n is no t as easily chan ged as is a con- LOOK at it squar e 111 th e fal'e. Don't hid e your eyes. but look. junction. ] 2.000,000 men dead , dying and wound ed. Th e psy chology of the purely politi cal fact ion ]2,000,000 women without abl e-bodi ed husbands. tends to develop fa nati cs, because it is a matter Polyga my is now advocated in Europ e. of words and no t of actions, and because it is not Cut the hearts out of the " ·omen, t ear th em out by vitally connected with any gr eat industrial or economi c mo vement whi ch is held in th e fight and the roots; th ry are no longer moth ers. anchored in th e storm by evet·-pres<:nt and persistent Cut th e hearts out oft he men, petrify them; th ey mat eria 1 interests and m ccssiti cs. The politicai fac- arc no longer fathers. Pi ck out yout· strongest, most brutal men , stand tion, therefore, has 110 source fro m whi ch to draw great cohes ive powet' ; hence, ho"·cver lat·ge. it is them and bring soulless litters into th e world. Th ey essentially weak. W eakn ess begets despair among must not be children. They must be so.l diers, born th e memb ership, drives the pract ical man away from . to shoot, and kill, and murd er their fellows. th e organization , leaves th e doctrin a ire ·i n charge Th ey must not hav e hea l'ts, lest they love th eir of affairs and gives him a chance to persist in his fellow men and r efuse to murd er. \¥ill the wom en of Europe subm it to t his brutal fanaticism. Th e psychol ogy of the purely economi c mov ement assault for military purposes, or will they turn to t ends to develop its th eory of direc t action, along Socialism for help 1 Come, yc ·who arc weary and ·h eaYy-lad en , and we the lin e of sabotage. Th e destru ction of property is so directly in viol a- will give you r est. + '+ + tion of every human instinct and every institution now establish ed or to be establish ed by th e capital- p R.EP ARIEDNESS for conquest and preparedness fo r defensive purposes are very different propist class, or any other class, that it instantly arouses and causes to be mobilized the power of government ositions. for its suppression. The 'on e means an enormous initial outlay, coupled This faction forgets that every able-bodi ed man with a heavy fix ed charge and no substantial r estands, with all his power, ready to enforce th e turns. law. 'fhe men of this faction may even be call ed Th e oth er necessitates an equal initial 'o utlay, with upon by conscription to suppress themselves, espe- pra ctically no fix ed charge but with large substancially if this . call were backed by popular opinion. tial r eturns. The entire power of the nation is back of every law Prepat·edness for conquest calls for hundreds of and every ordinance. 'When, by its sabotage, a millions for a fleet and an inexhaustible treasury to �·. The Weste ~ n support a marine f orce.and a standing armyfor the most part in idleness, debauchery and 1lcgeneraey. l\len ·go rapidly to hell when they haYe neither wives nor work. Strong, ablebodied, well-fed , idle bachelors soon b ecome a ~tagnant pool. Its putrid, festering stagnation !"eeus upon an d consumes the new r ecruits. 'I he morale of its cu·mies is the world 's gt·eat est shame. Procreation is nature's command and "·ltatever ins.t it ution viofat es this man.d ate mora lly r ots and perishes in its own put ridity. P reparedness fo r defense calls for millions of ,loll ars fo r fo rts, and fot· rifles, with which ·to arm eYery cit izen of t he count ry. Shall t hey 11ut be at"mcd ~ ·\\' h y 11ot arm t he Republicans and D emocrats a nd dispense with our presen t degraded, depra Yed, out-of-date and cxpensiYe military mat: hinc? \ Vhy not '1 P lain enough ! Th e government is afr·a id of an a rmed citizenship. · Who is t he governm ent ? lt.is our millionaire ··la ss. That class owns ·th c trusts, t he r a ilroads, t he newspapers a nd t hey manage our conventions and almost a h1fays chqose our candidate,s. A standin g army is the ideal of t heir heart, but an a rmed cit izenship sends a chill of conster·nat ion t hrou gh their coward ly souls. + + + M ORE children- more children fo t· soldiet'S, . is t he dy in g echo of t he Rooseveltian theory. How a bout the homes, Mr. Roosevelt, tha t the E uropean war is breakin g up 1 No wonder t hat Socialism is spreailing throughout the nations of t he wor.ld . 'l'he Europe that was at t he beginning of the war is passing away, n ever to r etum. Th e crowns of all n ations are toppling ; and lucky indeed, will it be fo r royalty if their· crowned h eads do not t opple with t he crowns. 'l' he gr eat f ortunes are crumbling; and fortunate, indeed, will it be for the rich, if they, t oo, are not crumbled . The commissary will cventuaily f aiL The soldi rs, disgusted with slaughter, will turn and r end their masters. 'l'hey will meet in international congre s and lay t he f~?unda.tion f or a new civilization. 'l'his \\·orl d- w ~r is but t he birt h pains _through " ·hich t he nations ar e p assing from a commercial , ind ustrial and militai-y struggle t o universal p eace and lasting prosperity. + + + Be pr epared to meet t hine enemy or thy God may call thee early. ' Patriotism is a child of happy homes and sa.:is- Comrade q I--L~- ·r- ~ ~ '- THE LESSON Munition T rust to Wilson : T he prin cipal point of g reatness in a n y state is to have a race of militar y m en. faction. Rebellion 1s a child of miserable hovels and di1·e d istress. 'l'he country wit h t he most happy homes and t he most well at·med and satisfied p eople is the best p repar ed. E ven a d og will fight fo r a bone if ther e is meat on it. Why should a man fight for a count ry t hat offers him only a hovel ? W ell armed and happy people in good homes are always prepared to meet t heir enemy . Cannibalism and conquest are twin sisters. A g reat navy is an implement of conquest. P owerf ul forts ar e implements of defense. Should a Ch ristian nation possess a great n avy 1 Did some power smite us on t he one cheek ? Can we n ot turn t he other cheek t o t he offender beyond t he sea, withou t a navy 1 W hy not t hrow t he Bible away 1 �10 The Western Comra-de • Westfieldian In f i de 1 1 t y FIELD, at the B y JOH N time of this story, was a remote neighborhood about fifty miles from a railroad, fifteen miles from the nearest tree, and three hundred years behind th e times. Since then the railroad has come closer, trees have been planted, but rational r easoning is not yet in sight, for· 'N cstfield th e renaissance has not yet arrived. " 'l'o most of th em th e world is flat; the universe was mad e in six days; unbapti!!ed children go to hr ll , which th ey keep on burning w.ithout regard to the fu el supply. :::iuch is W esffi eld. \\' cstli cld has a large Church and low foreheads: lf ard work ers and weak thinkers. It was ill-suppli ed with knowl edge, hut overloaded with superstition. \\' cst[ield is a social fossil in th e modern world. Among its myriad whi skers and scanty brains Ben Bunt grew up cursed \vith an inquiring mind, burdened with Hll astute intell ect, diseased with an a ctive imagination. H e was th e t err or of th e n eighborhood, a lthough he was only a child . Th e preachers had told him that he \Yas an infidel , simply hct"ausc he came to conelusions contrary to the Crc· r d, through his study of natural ph enomena. Jlis passion11tc thirst fo1· truth \\·as infid elity to th e mind of thr parson . li e sa id so in Ca.trehism class, and the ~ children took it hom e. "Domine hccft segt. " Ben was an infidel. He simply wanted to know why things were as they wer e. \'Vhy the unity in diversity 1 Why th e singleness of prin ciple under the diversity of form 1 \Vi th him th cl'C was nothing too holy, or'too rotten to escap e his scrutiny. And for this he was branded with a name t hat even to him ca lled to his mind th e words of Watts: DEQ UE R sentiment among the animated fo sils. Ben's father heard of it ere the day was gone, and Ben was r primanded and given an aid to memory that lasted him through the night. Sleep would not come to his eyes. He was too sore in body, so he thought. Not of vengeance. B en cou ld not think vengeance; he was too large to seek r even ge. He thought why, wherefore and whatfor ? Slowly he formulated his answers, and crawling out of bed he wrote them down. 'J.'he church had thought certain things for centuries, and they had been accepted as tru e. Each animal had been separately mad e out of mind and turn l'd loose. 'l'hat was the t eaching of t he church. Th ey had the mind of th e people fix ed that way, and th ey had built churches, sent out missionari es, built school s, :111 d p a id preachers. They had money invested in a ch nrl' h machine. · That was th e situation. H e wrote it down. Yes, it look ed right. Und er it he wrote, "Dedu ction ." " For anyone to show th e wron g of th e t eac hin g of th e church would mean to j eopar d ir,e th e li'vclih ood of pt·cachers, and make church inYestm eut u. eless ; an d mak e th e ..Wise Men of th e last generation as liars, or ignoramuses. 'J.'hercfor e to seck th e truth as it is, makes a man an in fid el on three counts. H e makes th e preachers' joh un certain. H e makes invested mon ey uselc s. H e mak es it plain that cr eed mak ers wer e not Nature, but book r ead ers. And as Nature is th e only source of truth , th ese men in not studying Nature d id not arrive at truth. And as no man lik es to admit he is wrong, it is infidelity to proYe him so. Th e church is built upon t he skulls of yest erday. I want to stand upon th e rocks of today." "1£ to seek the truth is infid elity, th en I accept th e name." He crawl ed ba ck into his coruhusk bed and tri ed to sleep, but sl eep had flown. H e k ept on thinkin g. "The tempest of angry fire shall roll and blast the Rebel Worm, Twi ce he got up and lit his candl e, and r ead the Bib le, Beat down upon the naked sou l in one eternal storm." th e first f ive el1aptcl'S. At last daylight cam e, and his 'l'h e words of this Ycry comforting hymn cam e to his fath c:> r call ed him . IIc. got up, but looked tired. His mind ag-ain and agnin, whil e in his brain was th e broth ers taunted him with heing an inf ideL His moth er etPJ'nal qu estion , " vVhy. " And his Reason answ er ed, told him that sh e was ashamed of him . ·whil e l1i s " lt cannot be. It is a lie." fath er ask ed him who had told him th e things he had But how was he to piek it to pi eces ? To ask tlw said to th e prea cher. , preach er \\·onld in can abuse; to ask his folks, th e " Now, . Ben," said th e fath er, " who told you tl1is stJ·ap. Jfc had to solv e th e problem for himself. Rea- stuff ?" "Nobody." son could find no co-operation in W estfi eld . As Bt·ll rode down th e dusty road contemplating th e " Th en where did vou get it ?" "From observation." myst ery that God had given human beings-bra insand mad r it a c1·ime to use th em, the story of Ben 's " What did von obs e rv e~" sin a gainst th e preac her was spreading broad cast " Ho\\· thin gs arc mad e. " " \Vhat do you mcan 1" tht·ongh th e land . TI.Jat evening everybody talked it; and at the store it wns th e subj ect of sage r emarlu.; " I mean that cats and dogs. l10rses and r abbit s. hy th e bewhisk er ed. guardians of th e faith up to t en hcaY r rs and ra ts, hirds and hnffal oes all have hones in y ears ago . A tramp was a curiosity in \Vestfield , and definit e numb ers, similar structure, of id ent ical fmwan infid r l a thin g that was consider ed more or less a tion. " mythical monster. Now on e )lad risen up amon gst H e here clahorat c:> cl th e uses· of differ ent hones m th em who defi ed the Vi car of Christ. That he wa s ear h. and sho\\·cd th e unitv of all life in stru cture. only a child , made it more inter esting. It proved how " Do vou not believe th~t God mad e th em 1" dep1·ayed he was. "Do~·t th e D;hl r t ell you so ? Isn 't th at enou gh ?" To the r eform school with him W I!S the uni,· crsal (Co.·.tir: ned on Page 26) ~~::;;~ EST �The Western Com r ade 11 - T he Work in g ._-.· Hypo t h .e s i s H E spectacle B y A CO N STAN T A SSOCI A T E blindly, and if they happen t h a t Haeckel . to have political ascendency is making of himself in the papers in as- · will cheerfully think it worth while to .hang or shoo.t suming that Germany, beaten, would still or burn anyone who will not subscribe to their final 1 be in a position to blot out nationalities infallible dogma. and confiscate their territories and seize And the incomprehensible fact is that no generation coloni es at present in the possession of ceems to have observed the regular r ecurrence of this other powers, is an inter esting illustration obsession through the centuries. of a curiously unscientific aspect of the The greatest accomplishment, invention, or discovet·y mind of this great t hinker. of the modern world is the recognition of the evolution I t brings strongly to r ecollection the impression re- of the scientific mind ; and as words are the most pov,.,. ind on first reading his books, that he is still guided erful weapons man can wield, the greatest benefactor ''·'· th e sp iri t of t he middl e ages ; expr essing the r·e- of the race is the man that first thought th e words sults of his Yc ry admirable r csearcll in the terms of "working hypothesis. " The working hypoth esis, first tIt<' missionary proselytizer who believes that anyvne tentatively introduced in solving certain problems, has become the one tool with which all progress is worked t lla t docs not accept his peculiar doctrine as definite ;lltU final Truth is destined to eternal destmction. out. It is as f undamental to the thinker as the saw Th e fact that certain f undamental theories of the and hammer to the carpenter, or the spade (in some I l;tt'C kclian dogma have been superceded by r ecent sci- form, say a string of plows behind a caterpillar ) to the ··nt ifie pt·ogrcss does not seem to have introduced any cultivator. ,.J,·Ht ent of int ellectual caution or modesty into his The great valu e of the working hypothesis is that it tll<'llta l processes. To Haeckel 's mind t he idea is that is r ec ognized as a step toward a partial end, and not a landing on a final summit. With the working· hypoth etIt· · G<· rnHln superman is destined to conqu er and rule tit<· \\'nrld is a s<·ientifically demonstrated fact. Having sis th e scientific mind came into being, and as this new power evolved and gained ascendency, dogmatizing "'"''~ aeePpted t hi s as definite and final truth, he r ef llst•s to h<' moYcd hom his faith by the progress of about Truth began to be discredited . The fact that the · ,.,·e uts, whi ch has evolved forces strong enough to scientific mind n ever rested 'from its labors, but found t hat each step forward opened up n ew vistas, gave Slljlt'i"(' l.'<lc t hat fact and work ovet"its i:esidu e of truth into a new form capable of subserv in g th e r equirements pause to the formulators of r eli giou s or>pDlitical creeds. In these days these scientific visions are transcending of the prOg i'I'SS of <· ivi li zation. This OJWII Jetter O J' intervi ew of Haeekel 's is a stl'ik- t he wildest flights of untrained imagination , and preing- object lesson to th e average intelli gent 'student of sent glimpses of things far more improbable than the lift•. Alm ost cvcr:v human being has some sort of " hit marvels of magic ~nd sorcery which our ancestors or miss'" philosophy, love of wisdom. He desires, or scorned as childish. The possibilities ahead of man]n,·<·s. li ght, or wi sdom, on th e conditions of the unive1·se kind are thus indicated by one student of the f uture: A man nowadays, born with th e mental equipment of a "·hirh sul'l'ou nd him and the rules of the game which student, instead of acquiring a definite body of k nowlhP plays p erforce day by day, just as instin ctively as edge, and th en handing it on to a group of pupils, on the ht· des irrs material li gh t by which to guide his movesystem which the Chinese carried to such excess, r emains llll' llt . Th e philosophi es which have been evolved are joyfull y a student to hi s last day in thi s mortal mani prohahly as many as th e individua ls t hat have li ved so festation, and giv es what time- he can to leading other mind s to think for themselves-in no case to accept his fa t· on earth. Ea ch .man 's mind to him a kin gdom is, "no t he most a hj ect slave of superstition makes mental results as finaL It is now consid ered that every scientific demonstral'l'Sl' l'\·ations. The fact t hat no establish ed hierarchy is t ion may prove to be a transitional tatement of fact~~·c·nr e agai nst a wave of new thought or heresy. has '"'i' n t he despai1· of well-m eanin g conservatives from to be modified or possibly transformed by futUl'e developmen ts-in short, a working hypothesis. t ltr beginnin g of t he world-and the salvation of the If it can be accurately demonstr at ed on its pl ane, it JWoples. But though all men do some thinking, and th e most is a useful tool to help in constru ctin g or in delving dt•grHd ed are capable of sudden awakenings, still one out a new fact which will supercetle it, showing it not de lusion has beset even g reat minds and has only been as far as it went; but as a partial result, which talJ:es on im perfectly appercived as a delusion by even the great- quite a different aspect seen from beyond . Darwin, speaking late in life, said that his theory of . •·st thinkers of all t ime. • This hallucin ation is the hope and expectation of ar- evolu tion, or something like it, would probably be acriving at the Ultimate Tl'Uth, the complete solution of cepted as a scientific law by future generations. Varthe great mystery in which we bathe as we bathe in ious ways of co1·rect ing or enlarging it are being worked out. It is bein g scientifically demonstrated that th e l'ther . Each lead er of thought has worked on the great struggle for life law is very strongly ·balanced, if not nrohlem until he has co-ordinated the facts which his being gradually superceded, by th e mutual aid law. knowledge and mental calibre could comprehend, and Thus though the struggle for life r emains a law,. th e then has -enunciated the "Truth" to his followers. In enlarged conception of a universe, as it grows more · , (Con tinued on Page 27) ··ach generation great hosts will follow these leaders - -!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!I T �12 The Western Comrade THE COAL DIGGER Here is a "labor saving" machine that does the work of 100 men. The men who con structed and those who operate this machine join those who first discover ed the coal in the belief that the workers should own the giant digger and the fuel it take~ from the earth. They are Socialists. Every Day I s Mothers' Day MOTH ERS' DAY was By EDMUND R. widely celebrated. l<..,rom rostrum and pulpit and press came praise of women who have risked life to give it. Tens of thousands of flowers of every kind and hue were worn in honor of the mothers of men. It was entirely fitting. Honor of mothers is a harbinger of hope. So long as the mothers of a nation are honored, so long will it survive. Such honor, however, should not be confined to song and eulogy, nor even io love and r espect for •One mother-one's own. No mothet· is sufficiently honored who is not honored in common with all who have given life to the world. H e who sincerely and intelligently desires to honor mo1herhood, furthermor e, cannot r est content while burdens are laid on moth ers that darken and demorali7.e th e life of the present. fillin~ with briars and stones the path that the f eet of both present and· future must tread. Thousands of mothers see t heir st rongest and best seduced by the jingo cry and led forth to slay and he slain in tl1 e name of patriotism. Thousands of mothers have married men merely for bread and give BRUMB AUGH birth to children without the love which alone can malw sacred the union of man and woman. Many mothers give birth to their offspring in silen ce and shame, while t he fathers walk fr om town to city beggin g an opportunity t earn her life's uecessities. 1'he economic hardships of capitalism deal t heir hard· est blow upon the mother . l\Iany a birth pang might be spared, and many hours of anxiety might be turned to days of hope, but for this enemy of motherhood. Capitalism is the enemy of moth erhood. A myriad of bleed ing hearts, broken bodies and blasted hopes substantiate the statement. Socialism is th e f riend of motherhood. It seeks to insure for all r eal, human lives. to make motherhood as safe and d esirable as it is essential, to abolish forevrr the degrada tion of womanhood both in and out of th e marriage relation. Capitalism is dying. On every side arc signs of approaching dissolution. Socialism is being born. The birth pangs are felt. Soon it will he a living, breathing, visible r eality. Then every day will be Mothers' Day. �· T h e W e s t e r n C o m r .a d e ~r _ . 13 h e NeW" I tnposs 1• b 1• 1 1• s tn - , H EN they were By FRANK building a railroad from Louisville to Frankfort, the line · was built to the westerly side of the ' • Kentucky River and bef!lre the bridge E. W 0 L FE their inclination toward arts or . crafts. They were making a wonderful demonstration of the practibility of concrete co-operation. They were and ARE doing a,ll these things. They are making the earth give forth its boundless bounty; serene in their knowledge of the · · the mountain on the other side and of- fecJJ.ndity of the soil; confident of their efforts to " fered a black and gaping moutli to those force from nature a living and more for themselves ') . · who approached from the west. A and their families. They knew it could be done. Their crowd of hill billies held a picnic beside colony is growing steadily in financial strength and the tracks. One tall corncracker, with weedy beard, their numbers are increasing. All the time the inspat thrice solemnly and announced "It kaint be did." credulous ones shake their heads and mutter "it can't .:Htcr interrogations and an impressive pause the .wise be done. " They tuck their economic bibles under one answered: "They aim to run them thar kyars their arms and totter along the banks of their river of down tl1at track and jump 'em across the river and hit doubt gibbering and chattering that it's not written t II at hole. It lmint be did! ' ' He was right. What he in the book; that it is not prophesy; that it can.'t thought they were going to try to do couldn't be done. navigate under Capitalism. Throughout the country today are wise mossbacks The Llano del Rio community and other successful a1Hl hill billies who, when the word colony is mentioned, co-operative institutions have proven the power of shake their heads solemnly and say "It can't be done." collective effort. Despite this fact the first attack 1\'hat, in the profundity of their ignorance, they are made by capitalist newspapers brings an echo of ''I th inking of, probably could not be accomplished. told you so" from the dodderers who open their Book Doubtless some one of the wise ones who predicted to prove once more that it can't be done. The greatF11lton 's steamboat would not navigate stood on the est labor and Socialist hating newspaper in the world slJot·es and saw th e ship go paddling merrily along. prints a lying and malicious statement concerning 1he Thrn he doubtless shook his head and kept on mutter- colony where nearly 800 comrades are working with enill:! : "It won 't go, it simply can't go; it 's flying in thusiasm, living in happiness and without fear, and t hl' fa ce of the Almighty." Th en tucking his bible from scores who have been for years on the fightmg under his 11rm he toddled away, still muttering: "It line comes a grunt of satisfaction and a merry "I t•lld don't work." you so. It can't navigate. It can't be done. " When a group of Socialists, saddened and weary The only discouraging feature about this is the un'ritll wrangling and bickering over words anl theories disputed fact that many Socialists r ead and believe; and doctrines, joined forces in California and determ- accept as inspir.e d gospel, every word in their capitalin ed to put some of their theories about co-operation ist press. Worse than that, the editors of some Sointo action there was a bowl from some of their com- cialist publications are equally gullible. rades. Where you find a small minded petty official of a '' It can't be done!'' came a shout in high tenor from j ealous disposition, a hypocrite at heart who prates about loyalty to Socialism despite the fact he has no th e soap box. " It can't be accomplished!' echoed in lyric soprano social instincts, there you will .find a mean spirited fl'om the platform. ]mock er, too cowardly for a fair, manly, open fight. '' It won 't wol'k!'' in deep baritone from the grocery In this type you will find the professional disavower who tries by underhanded, insiduous means to injure nail-keg beside the prune barrel. " It is impossible under Capitalism!" in coloratura co-operative movements. The first cry is t hat the eontralto from the scientific !ister beside her academic co-operative institution they are attacking is "not Socialism.' ,. 'fhe fact that no one has ever claimed c!Psk. In the meantime the Llano del' Rio Colonists were they w·e re Socialist institutions makes no difference to d<>af to the cries that it would not navigate. The pio- th e vicious maligner. Th e fact that the co-op erators neer colonists were clearing hundreds of acres of land. r·epeatcdly disavow any official connection with the Th ey were cutting alfalfa on hundreds of other acres. Socialist Party makes no difference to this type of They were planting vast acreage in orchards and small human heloderma. Vicious attacks upon the comfruits, digging miles and miles of irrigating ditches, rades who have been brave enough and bold enough c·aring for a large herd f dairy cattle.and range stock ; to try to put their theories into practise will not, in pl11nting a great garden, worl<ing in their industrial th e long run, hurt co-operative institutions. 'l'hey cl Ppartments, planing mill, machine shop, tannery, rug do, however, show the Socialists the true character ;11td c11rpet weaving plant. 11nd producing a large per . of some of those who ar e so eager to attack any com'r·nt of their own food and other necessities of life. rade who strays ft·om the realms. of mere theory. · Co-operation has come to stay. Colonies fou nded on They were sending all their children to school, from sound business principles are going to prove to the 1he age of 2 to 20; condncting their own entertainments and establishing a social life of their own liking. They cave-dwelling portion of t he so-c11lled radical moYement and then to the whole· world that the ship of 'q~ re developing their latent talents for writing, speaking, drawing and giving fullest expression to whatever co-operation will navigate. · W �The Western Comrade 14 Llano del Anniversar y ~=::!!=::!!~ AY DAY, 1916, the open air with great "Uslo. By ROBERT K. WILLIAMS the second anmOne of the most startlin(J versary of the birth of Llano del Rio contrasts of the day, and perhaps the most impr . ire, Colony, as a co-operative entity, dawned · was the reproduction of the colony's visible asset in deliciously cool and an azure sky beamed the shape of material wealth, when the parade of Jl)H down whil e a soft breeze made ideal the passed in review. portentious a nd inspiring ceremonies that Contr asting Llano's possessions of hogs, cattl , goa ts continued throughout the day. rabbits, machin ery of all kinds, automobiles and tru ks Llano, Cal., is now in th e spot light, and of 1916 with those owned by the colony in 191-:1:, show ~d stands :-~sa hPacon toward whic h th e eyes the a ctual b en efits of co-operation. of tiH! oppr·essPd thousands in th e c01i1petitiYe "·orld H. L . Dawson and sistet· were drawn thr·ou()'h the ar·;· turrring 11·it.h th e hun ger of hope deferred. streets by a mule team, th e wagon loaded with pl'O· :\I ore titan a hundred sympathetic and intensely in- visions ohtai'ncd at Palmdal e, while Frank P. l\Icl\Ialron t•·r ..stt·d 1·isit iug spectators jo-ined with over 700 colo- and :Jr.' ::;tan ley, guided and h e rd ed th e live stock , on. n isis to do ltorna~t! to tlte day and th e man whose for··e- sisting of nine pigs and one cow. This outfit was met sigltt and faith in humanity made possible the long- by fiv e others, al r eady on the ground, who eagerly ;u·rnt·d JIIOI'<'Illent. that wiil li1·e as long as th e hear t awaited th e anival of the commissary, as th e Llano of nran h<·afs- .Juh Harriman. larder was runnin g low. !:nod ft•P} ing Jll' rlll <'Hte<l the mass, Ulld it is doubtful The continued cheering shmYed t h at the colonist if a spot on .. artlt h(•]d more kindly thoughts toward her e now appreciate t h e struggle that had bee n gone olll' a1wt lr l'l' tltau at Llano on this day. Lo1·e's radiance through hy these hardy visionists, who had foreseen l~t·allr<'d from tit;· facl's of all, ami inspimtion aud asenough to see green fie lds and a city of hundreds hy pinrtiolr lit 11p tlrt• grays o[ lih• and made g lowing tit!! th e year 1916. dutit•s that lay heforc- tl:at o[ an example and an edi'fhc assemblage r cpai1·cd to th e spacious dining h all. fi•·• · to sh•·ltt·r tlwse that arc yet unborn anu sec urity which was completely fi lled by hi g hly in,tcr ested a mi for thns1· 11o11· livi11g. enthusiastic p eople, a nd w e t·c ente rtain ed by two se'fh1• tone of tht• cerPmOiliPS "·as Joft.y HllU dig ni fied. lections by t he L lano orc hestra. T he orclr estra con~JwakeJ's a11d .'audiPII<·c rPalizPd that a parting of tir e .sistc.d of six p eices a nd the quality of music was fil·st11·a.v is ht•gii.JIIing a nd this lwowlPdge lent a d e pth of elass. Two years ago a harmonica or an a ccordiou f<·l'ling diffil'ult to di'St·rihP. At times tears fill ed the played th e overtures. ••.v f'li of 111any <IIHI qnir.:l""sur·ges of the blood snft'used F rank P. l\Ici\Tahon, one of th e earliest m en on t he t•lit·Pk, JIIIUSI'd to s1wh e motions. scene, a nd still worJ,i n g with unabated e nthusiasm for l11 ],]alto a JI C II' life is dawniu g . T,he am~ i e 11t pre- the colony and t he g reat cause it r eprese nts, spoke t•cpts as Ia id doll'n b~' th e bcncfaptors in th e dawn fr> elingly of the ch11nges that had hcen wrou g ht since \l'nrld arr <·oming i11to th eir o11·n and and11·ining thcm- the foundation of the co-operati,·e effort on t he slopi11g st'll'l's a1·onnd t lw hearts and in the minds .of those brave planes of th e Sierra ?IIadre. t'IIOllgh to staml strougly toge ther. so that those alHe desc ribed the struggles, heartaches and joys nt· n•ady '"' rt• may li1·e idL' a ll~'. and those to come, enjoy trndant upon th e upbuilding ol' th e greatest of all co· thP lint' things of th e spirit. opcrati1·e efforts. B eca,use of t.IJ e fa ct t h at th e Lla uo 'l'hc spi 1·it that thrill ed the participauts in Llano 's dl'l Hio Company h ein:r o rgani z<·d as a corporation it Sl'I'Oild anniYcrsary will ncYer· be forgotten. rscapcd th e u sual pitfalls of th e co-pnrtne n;hips, joint Llano's ] iJ-piPee haud. a r erent den~ lopm e nt within stock companies, associations and th e like. l\Ic:Mahon·s tlw enlony, pla~· cd sel'l'I'Hl ehoirc selections in front talk brought th e people closer together and gaYe th f•m of thl' <'lnb honse and an insight into the WI\S t'h('PI'etl. hop~s and ambitions \\·. A . E11gh' . one of those ra rly on the of tht• Pad~· pioner 1·s scene. lie told of and fo nnd Prs of th e many in cidents th at •·olouy .. p oke to th l' are ~musing n ow, but TH~~ name of THE NEVADA COLO:>IY CORPORATION has been c hanged to THE LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY 0 1•' a embled I'Oloni!it s at that time w ere of NE\' ADA, the a ctivities of which will be devoted exclusively and yj itors fr-om th e sif!nifican t imp or f. to the affairs of t he Llano del Rio Colon y, located in Los Angeles hotel porch on th e The hardships Cll County. California. ' Red Flag." dured could now hi' The Llano rlel Rio Compan y and Colony has not and will not have any connection whateve r with the Nevada Colony. Th e At the conrlusion look ed back upon two colonies are far apart and it is impracticable for e ither to of llis talk th e r ed with pride b ccam;P as ume the management, responsibility or obligations of the tla..,. Wl1S hauled to those that ngaged in other. the p eak of th flagthem b ecam e s t r om!staff on the gable of er and m o1·c loyal t o the club hou e, and the ideal that is th(· Journal Building Reno, Neyada 'fhe Red Flag wa inspiration of HPr.\· ung by the crowd in colonist who dares ' " M Ill Important Announcement Llano del Rio Company of Nevada �The Western Comrade 15 Llano Colonists Enjoy Driving Through Big Rock Canyon fot·sakc his intcr·csts elsewhere and come to Llano to help work out the proulem of the age, that of getting a living and keeping the surplus product. P. P. i\Icl\fahon congratulated us on the success of the frstiv itics and said that it made his heart beat fast to Sl'P dreams com e true. 'l'wo yrars ago a dry, eacti<'OI'<' r ed plain with trails h er e and thr.re, was the only dcnlopmcnt shown; today good roads ramify her e and 1hrrr anrl a town is growing up und er out· YPry eyes that is to point th e way for the toi ling millions, and whi Ph will show the falla ey of th e outwom competitiYc sy t r m. Th e L lnno quartette sang two S(•]eetions, and D. C. Coplry, lrader of the orchestra and manager of the poultry depat·tm cnt, spoke flt eon sicler ahle length on 1he "Colony Spirit. " ll e rr<·itecl many incidents to sho1Y that a spirit of Jwlpfulncss imhnPs p\·eryone who is a mcmhet· of tll P. Polony; that the r ecognition of thr identity of intrrrst rrmrnted the pPoplP togr thet· and ft·om it gre11· a mntufllity that could be found nowhrrr else. The :.\l andolin and Guitflr Clnh, unclrr thr direction of Dr. Tut·nwall. who is an rxrrllrnt mandolin playe r and mu. irfl l enthusia. t. r enclrred t"' o excellent numlwrs. Like all oth er d evr lopments flt Llano. the Mandolin ('Juh is a complet e cYolution f rom one littl e startin~ point. Llano is hle ed 11·ith a m ost diH•rsified talent. W e haYc \\Til et·s. musicians. poets, reader , a ctors, mP.chan- ics-in fact, we have representatives from nearly all cults, crafts and trades. 'l'he stining " i\larseillaise" was sung hy t h e assemblage, led by l"t·ed H. Gallup, a most a ccomplished te nor· and musician. 'fhe hall rang with the vim of t he eolonists in giving expression to their feelings. W . C. Hunton , master of eet·ernonies and ehairman of the oecasion, mounted the platfot·m and after gaining si len ce, spoke a brie f trib ute to ,Job Harriman, the man, and introduced him to the (~Xpcctant crowd. \Vhen ::\lr. Ilaniman mounted t he rostrum prolonged elt cct•s and app lause broke out a nd paid tribute to th e depth of fl'P iing in the hr<'ast of many. :\It·. Harriman stood howing, a pleased smi le lighting his fa<'P, and a ft cr a considcnt hi e pause, h e started a f ew hriP( sentPnces. Jl e SUP<·inctly w Pnt o1·cr th e history of the colony, told of some of th e ohstaeles plaecd in the way of thosP " ·ho w ere first on the ground ; ohsta<:les of nature as w ell as those interposed hy man. H e painted a glowing pietnre of the futnt·e premised on th e aeromplishmcnts of the pal'i t. 'fPn thousand men and wom en , with their strength and their power to adapt themsPlvcs, would mr an ft'('(~ ­ dom from th e sordidnPss of th e Rystem eneompassing m nn kind . Il e p ointer] out that a man is more than a perpet ual motio n mar·hinr·; he not only feeds and clothes himsel f and family, hn t fcrds the world and affords all the Juxuri rs owned hy the ca pitalist. �16 When this great surplus was sa~ed and reverted back to its creators nothing on earth could stop the true development of society. The colony needed, he said, t en thousand people for more than one reason. However, the colony is fast growing away from a village, and soon it will come up to a man 's size town. ]<'rom that it is but a step to a city. 'l'he village has· but one mind and one thought; the diversity of action is not there and unfriendly and hurtful conditions sometimes obtain. 'l'he colony must be so hig that it will be impossible for any one individual to !mow more than a fractional part of the complex activities necessat·ily arising from a mass of people. 'J'h e sky is unclouded. ThP- decks are cleared Hllll the worst of t he journey is over. 'lJuee years o)Jght to sec a new civilization developing from the plains of Llano. The colonists lived this year I•C'I ter than last, and last year better t han the year ill'fnr c. N<·xt year the members at Llano will live il<'t1<·r than this yea r and will increase in the posses. s ion o[ tiJ P neecssitics and luxuries. 'l'wo year s ago, l: e pointe<l out. the colony had no machitiery. This _vP;J J' mn<·hinery was in place and turning ont the 1·arious things neccssat·y to l<ccp the wheels of progJ't•ss in <'onstant motion. 'l'wo years ago there were 110 automohiiPs here; today there arc many. Next y•·ar t.hr1·c " ·ill be more. The moYcmcnt stnrted as it is, will cont inu e to go on nnd grow and grow, and nothing now can stop it. The mind of the people at large is ready for somethin g of this sort. NeYer ht•!'oJ'(~ has there bern sttch a good opportunity for I he Plll:lncipation of mankind. Conditions arc ripe; tiH· fields ~trc white awaiting t he r eaper. \\'hat is the use of' working forever for others ~ \\'h t'n tl1 c gm.in is planted and the f ields prepared !'or t hr next season's cr op; the animals car ed for and I ended; machin es in r epai r and clcvelopm.e nt goin g on in all lin es, a half dozen automobiles can be pro\·isioncd with the products of the fields, gardens, hakery and the uairy, and fifty people can be sent to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado fo r two weeks to view the maj estic scars on nature's breast. On rr l.urning, fifty or more ca n be sent every two weeks on this trip alone the whole year through. Tlf1'. Harriman told of the advantages to be gained hy people casting their fortunes with those at Llano. True liberty of spirit and freedo m of action could sooner he obtained in this colony than elsewh et·e on earth. 'l'he ed ucational facilities within a very few years would far exceed those of any city for the reason that nothing hnt the interests of the child had to be consider ed. Happiness, the goal of mankind, could more r eadily b.e worked out here than <'l sewhere, and soon t he world would come to see that salvation had to he worked for and wrought from the inner man applied to concrete ·things. ·while others are dreaming of Socialism those at J,Jano nre " ·orking out the problems and living them. Capitalism is going; the citadel of entrenched interests are everywhere tottering, and the progress of t.hc co-operative efforts on the great r eaches of the Antelope Valley spells more fear to those wishing to have and to hold the good things of life unjustly than any one other thing on the face of the earth. The W est 1 �o .n rade 17 (! ' r----------------------------------------------------- Somewhere In France -Drawn for The Western Comrade by J . L ewltzky �The Wes t er n Co m :r ad e 18 What T\VO Years Have Wrought B y E R NE ST S. WOOSTER ~~~ LANO DEL RIO, city of hope, home of buoyant opti mism, realization of a dream that incubated in a master mind for twenty yearsLlano d el Rio for numberless centuries the home of the joyous, jumping jack rabbit and his t r aditional racing partner the tortoise is no lopger tortoiselike. B ig Rock Creek tumbled and roared along its little canyon, spread out in the plain, slid into the sand and wns .1iekrll up by the greedy, searching rays of th e sun. <-luaker·s and G<·rmans tried to tame the desert by pouring the lifel!i,·ing Big Hock on it. That ''"as a quarte r of a century toise before he r eached his intermediate goal, and the rabbit scurried off to f ind a n ew partner. It was the beginning of the big dream that had lurked in Job Harriman's gray matter for a score of years. Since then the Big Rock Cr eek no longer saYagely roars along down the canyon. It becomes tractable and patient and sedately fo ll ows rows of pear trees and cabbages and tomatoes. It took courage two years ago for those p ionerrs t o try to conquer that desrrt. 'l'h et·e was a one-year-old pear orchard of fort.v acres and an a l fa lfa field . . The neighbors " ·ere few and hostile. There ''"ere fi Ye in t he party, fiY e to start the ·gr eatest adventure in history. Sometim e it "·ill be a story emlwllished with romance and dcserihed hy li n·li cr imagination s. But it a~o. \\'h <·rc• (~ uak e r misjudgm ent wrought fa ilure, and was a sordid fa<.:t th<·n. FiYe peopl e with one cow· (;,-rlnan trnst tempted an ahseonnding treasurer to for- and a ''"agon, four horses, and nine p igs-that was l!et his obligations, Soeialist pluck and energy arc th e carantn. hniJ,]ing a Vision City. Tlt c·.v "·ork and sweat and Two years late r, :\fay 1, ]!)16, e ight hundred peopl e qwuTe l ; tl1C'y have th eir troubles a n 1l thrir pleasures. formed in line and wa itc<l ·for th eir portion of the H11t tltPy don 't worry and thPy do to-operatP, and barbecued rnrat, the salatl, the pi e and cal-.e, the beans tltost· a1·e the hi g things in th e hig plan thP,v are follow- and the other good things proYid cd by the Celebration ing out. Profiting hy the mistakPs of othPI's tiiL·y ar r Comrn ittee. The colony had prospered. \\·orkin g along differl'nt lilll'S, and a magnifi,·Pnt s piri t Th e uine pigs han in ~.: r east•cl to several hunllred. that nothing •·nn qiH'Iwh dominut<·s thPm . ThP qnar- The one cow has hecomc part of a herd numhe1·ing r <'ls an· small and short li1· e d -tltt~ .]oh is too hi g, too a hundred and fifty and an• honsrd dm·ing milking. intensely intc·resting, too enthrallingly fas!'ina t ing to t ime in a barn built for p ermanence, with stone walls 11'1 littl e things intcrfpn•. a foot thiek a nd equippcu 'rith a silo t hirty feet high Two yPars ago the Jnt·k Hahhit nn<l th e Desert Tor- that providrs "canned" alfa lfa and corn for them ia toisr hegan to discoYcr that their last rat· c· wns run . A t he winter. Seventy horses and mules, besides two fi cet of Fords hegan to Pnrroac h on thP ir domain. Trar- hnge tra ctors and scve1·al tnH·b; help the four horses t ion enginPs drawing hu ge gang plo" ·s buri C'd the tor- that made up the orig inal wor·k in g force. 'J'\yo yt>a r·s ago---:not hing. No"· Llano del Hio is the nll'tropolis of the Antelope Vall<'r. lt is a town of a hundr·cd honws, huil t along strerts, and all of th P houses numhcrecl. lt has its doctor, its harhPr . .A swimming pool, boats Cor thr <·ltildren, a tannc•1-y, a steam laundry, a bakery, a rug-wc•aving plant, a shot> sltop-tlw.1· an· a II in operat ion. There's a splendid l il)l·ary. Th er·e's a ga1·age and ma'eh in P shop, a planing mill, and a hotel. Th ere's a e1·eamery, t oo. Llano boasts a band and an orchestra, two quart ets, a mandolinc club, and a hasP ha ll tram. Dances. fo r tlie children e1·ery Thm·sday night and for everyone else enry Saturday night provide ent erta innw nt. And everyth ing's fr ee . .Just OIH' store in town means a complete monopoly for this "i·C>nturr. Only 1t l,pJongs to t·1·e1'yone and do<'sn ·t mllk e any profi t. Th e spirit of the whole th in g is wond <> rful. The· <·olonists sre the Grand The Sierra Madre Colony Is Doing Well With Ch icken Rais.ing Yisinn nlwad :wd tril·inl things 1·annot he JH'I'm itted to in f<·r·ferc with it . L �The Wes .t ern Comrad ,e 19 '!'here's wor·k to be done, a town to be built, a desert to be conquered, people to be educated-a \\'hole civilization to adopt, to adapt, and to rebuild and extend. 'l'hat 's the dominant thing, the thought of the job ahead. And the colonists tackle the joo with joy and enthusiasm. Never l1as the future heen so bright nor system so intelligently applied to the work. Education is a different thing there, too. George Pickett was given the task of curbing, disciplining and subjugating the children. NoJ,ody else wanted it. nobody else would take it. ( :Porge is a fellow who is usually giYen the jobs that others can't uo anyway. That 's what they l~a,·e him there for. He didn't know much about !Joys and gi1·ls, having none of his own, so he _ thought he would just usc common sense and ' jud~ruent instead of trying to know anything. The first thing- ht> Jill was to get forty acres of Lllld to put his ne\r-found family on-it \ras a The Young Colonists Also Possess Some Blooded Swis.s Goats rilmily or ahout one hundred. Tlll'y gaYe him a piece of land near one of the s·· hool houst>s- thL·.v haYc at least three-and buil t hint a t·ook-honst•. That was all they \YOuld do. George on. Some t ime a gloYe maker is going to come in, and ski l'lnisliPd arollt}(l and got four horses for t he boys. then a llCW industry will be started-automobile drivJJ,. had tht• goah; turned O\'Cr to what the grown-ups ing gloYes made with the fur 011. 'l'herc ;u·e lots of ··:ill th e " kid t·o lony.'' There arc nine goats and nine hig plans afoot, lots of visitors coming in, Jots of t hings his in tht• lot ( ~roat ];ids. that is ) . lle got a lot ot' being done. l'ahhits. amollg tiJt•tn n little jnck rabbit that is raising 'l'he above summm·y of t he situation is a. combina1rith th1· Ht>lgian rablJits. Now he has 7:)0 chickens tion of personal lmowlcdgc and observation, the into add to thl' lot. formation · g leaned from question ing those who have That ga\'L' him a prdty good start. '\Yith the help been there, and a survey of t he two years of effort as .,,... Dot· .. Zornt•s in th e garden, nnd E. A. \ Vest in portrayed by the birthday celebration l\Iay 1 . It is so hard to recoll ect every improvement noted i>ltildin g till'~- are uoiug things. 'l'he boys attenu to t he horses, Jii\Ul auohe bricl;s, put in their foumlations as the days go on, and only close observation and fre:tnd arc goi ng to build a <:lub house 112 feet long and qut•nt v is its can satisfy th e curiosity and con fit·m the ;,-J, fel't \ri<I L', with 9-foot porches on three sides. They stories one reads about this wond er city of' t he future. ltH\' 1' a ga rden planted. Th e "l<icls" expect to show ] f you haYc never· been to see J'.Jlano del Rio Colony, a the rest of th e peopl e how a colony should he governed. visi t will be a r evelation . No vacation could he more \leanwhile the~r arc getting the best practical training enjoyable, more profitable. iu th e w orhl. Jt is a school that professional cdundors ran study with profit. It is the sc·rt of st·hool that is hard to keep · the boys and g irls 11 \Ht~' from. Tn fact, the grammat• school trachcrs t·omplain that they can't ]; eep the chiidrcn in ~l'hoo l " ·ithout using almost heroic measures. But G rorge Pickett hasn't all of the honot·. llis wife has char~rc of the girls, and when Minuil' Pit·l;ett starts to do anything she doesn 't stop till it is finished. So she had a table built outsidE", organized the girls. and now has them feed• ing the bo~~s at noon. So good is their cooking that there is lli'Yl'r Jr. than a dozen men there. hpsidl's the ho~·s. for dinner. The girl are getting ~ome cxcl'llent training also. And it is all fun fo r l'VPrvbod,-. TIH"re\ the 'JTontessori chool, the new lime ki ln that makes lime in record time, the new printing plant. which will be well· equipped, the lumber mill being built. the new townsite for which reservation are now being made-there .are· scores of things, and I have already used more Adobe Brooder House Being Constructed at the Junior Colony space than the editor allm-Yed me. The tanner i making leather, tanning rabbit skins with the hair �20 c0 m The Western Comrade - 0 p era t • 1 on at Ll a no NTERESTED visBy R 0 BERT X. WILL I AM S kind and new development 1•n itors and partialevery hand. he-now sees the ly paid members of the Llano del Rio fruition of her hopes in the beginning of the foundaColony, desirous o~ seeing ~heir mvest- tion f?r the new industrial building on the permanent ment for the first time, contmue to come townsite. to the colony regularly. The wee~ly reThings are moving so fast at Llano that those here ports of the r egistered guests at the hotel do not realize it. \Ve are living in a changing wot hl. is an inspiration for all. Men and women A new society is growing right under our noses and from all parts of the United States carry it is a continual struggle to adapt ourselves to the back messages of hope, and progress. changing conditions. Actual construction work is everywher e visible, and A month or so ago the population hovered around the 650 mark, today nearly 800 people are hen•. crops of varied sort beautify the land. : Intending colonists, it seems, no matter from whence, New and better tents and houses are going up. 'l'hesc have the same tales to tell or the dread competitive things arc noticed by the retuming visitor. grind in the so-eal leJ outer world. Those that are And then too, friendly relations are being e ·tah. sheltered by t he wide-spreading arms of the colony lished with the outside world. Llano's baseball team, believe thcmsPll·cs fortunat e. and feel but little the through its sportsmanlil'e attitude and its ability to st ri'Jtuous strife everywhere an incident of life. play ball, has gained the good will of the whole of The eolo11y as a whole l1as made more progress in Palmdale, Lancaster and Victorville. Nearby ranch. the past four months than in the prc,·ious year. The . crs are watching us with interest and many have exreason, of course, is plain. l\[orc people are here; bet- pressed their desire to join the colony. Indeed some tcr f:u,iJitiPs arc afforded for th e expression of skill haYe turned their lands into the colony and are now and greater amplitmle gi\·cn for genius. One visitor, members of this on-marching communi-ty. The indiwho had beeu here previously, remarked that he was Yidual farmer finds that he cannot exist and gath er pleased to see a quantity of tools spread about. On subsistence from his arid acres. H e finds that ranchhis fornwr visit he noti ced a paucity of tools necessary ing nowadays needs eollectiYe and not individual to work with, and his first observation was that every- effort. thiug would be added in time, and at that shortly. Two years ago the world Jay wholly ahead of Llano. Every time a member retums after an absence, Yast Only two or three cultivated spots adorned these changes are noticed. l\h-. Ingerson, one of the early plains. Sage brush and cacti abounded. Today part members, lately joined t he colony to stay, and was of the world is conquered and the uprooted sage brush simply astounded to see the social life so changed. The and cacti have long since disappeared in smoke and Satunlay evening dances that he enjoyed so much were their embers have enriched the ground. The portent completely metamorphosed. New faces, new dances of the future is most alluring. and a completely new and first-class orchestra had been The worst of the voyage is over. The many rocks evolved from the nucleus of the old. l\Iiss Austin, who and shoals that beset the path of the sturdy pioneers is much interested in our town, as one of the designers of Llano have been safely n egotiated. The most powof it, returned a few nights ago, and her first r emark erful influence in the State, inimical to the interests was that it was like coming into a new world. Prog- of the colony, has been successfully overcome, and ress was to be seen everywhere. l\fore land under cui- from now on th e progress of Llano is one of business, tivation, new areas cleared, more machines of various and interested, and friendly eo-operation of its memher·s. It is safe to say that th e colony will be almost 90 per cent self-supportinl! this year. The vegetable fr·om Lllmo 's gardens furnish abundance of green things. Lettuce, radishes and onions are daily relishes. Cabbage now occasional!~· furnishes a pleasant change. Dewberries from our gardens gladdened the hearts of the colon ists the latter part of l\fay. Four· varieties of such berries have been planted and Horticulturist Dawson promises t o have them come with pleasing regulari ty and change. It may not be possihle to fulfill all of our expectations, but so much has beet• done that we are reacly to accept most anything, and even if things do fall short Llano Community Dairy Herd of predidion we nre strong for a further trial. \Ye may not l1aye twenty acres or tomatoes, as predicted some time ago, bu t �Th(} Western Comrade tarn tree hl'e when propedy hand]ed The alfalfa unde-r J. C. era~ .f~, ba been ent twiee lll!p to the pre ent time. The yield is heavy. llt is said thai a!Jfa]fa in tlris region eontams sl!l!ffieie.nt .nOilu"' lililg qnalit.ie as. to permit hor e to "\YQl'k QI\ it alone. This is not possible in all alfalfa regtons:. Actual work on the permanent town >ite has begun. The fir t building to be erected Th e Colony Fish Hatchery at Jackson's Lake lltt'l't' will ht· rtwny at· t·rs, more than sufficient. Deo 1 ult• ttl t'. to suppl,v our daily wants and to preserve nnd t•n n for " ·intt•t· usc. The cannery is being rushed :tttd :\lattii!!Pl' Kt'ough of that department says that l• y .July 1 thr plant will he in operation, in plenty of ltllll' to lakt• earc of all vegetables and fruits offered . l'. J\ . Knohhs of the garden department, and his as~iH tants. HI'(' 11·orl\ing like 'l'rojans to gr.t a surplus of lhin!{s f'ot· this fnll. Knobbs is full of confidence tlwt ll'e will go OI'Ct' the winter without any considerable "·ant for the usual garden things. Mr. :\'t' ll'lnnn , and his help rs in this departlltrnt, arc continually busy with the bct·t•it•s. g rapes. and many other things that h1•long to the garden. He has eight acres undct· his cnrc and it will be iutensively t·ultiYiltcd . It seems, upon inspection, that n·cry Yari ety of vegetable and plant has hrrn planted and has stfit·tecl to grow. It "·ould be positively un 11fe to predict what mny happen when the stuff under his care I"'O mes to fruitag e. :'lhmricio, in the eastern garden. is busy nil the day with his cabbage, cauliflower, rndishcs, onions, garlic, parsley, beets. etc .. nnd many acres are showing the result of his conshmt care. Brfore the planting ~rnson i ovct·, 0 to 100 acres shall h:aYe hrrn planted. · . U. 1'1. D-~"'son, in the hortieultll.iral dep:artmrnt. hns O\'Cr 300 a cr · of fruit itr<'es in, nnd h(' rep·o rts they arc doan..., ni<ec!y. lT r has . ix aeres of nursery just scmitlli of 1hP rown. in \"('hich he is trying aU ~sorits of "xncrim('ntation. lie has ]~a,Nted ma;ny thqnl!s o~~hrmt tJlQis soll a;nd is tJh(iJl'oughfty sll1i!'(iled th~tt n~ unimw.a.M oil or aitm.os·J~her1c condhi<On obtains Urat wroud il'e- is to be the silent iudn trio building, mea uring 29 by 150 feet. ln this building will be placed the printing-sltop, the tailoring establishment, ~hoeshop, eto. Lime from the kiln i uow being furnished in ufficient quantities to preclude tho po i. bilit.y of shortage. Experts who lll'O hlill· d!ing this lime claim it to be of ex ceptional strength and quickness. The sa\ mill undet· nlnnagcr mith, just east of th e permanent townsite, is n um. ing shape, aud his report of In t week said that he ha the saw rig set up, ready for running; the cal'l'iage and enrriage food rig, the en gine and boi lc t· placed , nnd will he r eady to· start on the brick work I\[onday. 1\[lly 29. llo hils about fifty feet of the wall up to the first floor joist line nm1 nil of tlw pier·s in for the mllin line shaf't. '!'his mill will haYC a capacity of ahont :JO,OOO feet tlnily and wi ll aid g-reatly to soh·c the housin~ probl em. Logs ft'om thP mountain will soon be coming over· tho sut·voyod t·oad. 'l'he haul is approximately 12 miles. 1To1Ycver , until such time as we arc sawing lumher, it is ach·isablc for members desiring to stay, to hring or srncl tents. or make arrangements to have temporary housing provided. By doing this a hig burden is Tibe N-ew Lime Klln art: lil:ano �· The Western Comrade 22 taken off members here and the occupants made much happier. lt is always hoped that the women folks be made comfortable. They have the worry of keepmg the house and the nicer the house the nicer the home. 'fhe rabbits ar·c increasing and about 3000 are crowdin.g the pens. ;\1anager Kilmer expects to have three more 90-[oot pens erected before long. By so doing he will he ahlc to place between 800 an.d 1000 breeders thcrciu and matcr·ially solve the meat problem of the eo)()ny. 'J'hc dairy dcpar·tmcnt under George Bower is turn.ing into th'· ,.,·p;nncr·y about 1000 gallons of milk a week, whi r;h scr·vcs as the butter· and milk . supply of . the eolony. About 73 cows a1·c being milked. Almost 100 hr!ad of' stock arc heing pastured on the range near the Lovt·joy Buttes, 1 I. miles north of tlie colony, under t hu t·ar·c of ~\I onis brothers. . ·· 'l'lr c eolo11y is r:ongmtulating itself that Mr. F . W. Eddy, wife and little g irl, arc now members. They wi ll mo1·e at ont:u to th e fish l1 atchery, wh ere Mr. Eddy wilt <'llgaw· in t ht: propagation of t 1·out. ·Mr. Eddy is an I' X perit•Jwed fish spa w·n er, and doc!ares t hat the · Hpot is idea l for tish- r·aising, surrounded as it is by irnmt•n;;(• II IOtllltains, wi t h t he pu1·est of cryst al water. One hu ndred a ud s ixty acres of land, th e origin of t ht• Big !{old\ , htdo ng- to t he rolony. Th e water htJbhiPs ntJ t of th e grotJnd over a 30-acrc space, which is hl'a vi ly t·OV!' I'I'd wit h vegetation. 'l'his can he turned iutn Hll idt·a l t·illll ping lol'ation , with t he Hatchery Inn a tJd a host.I' II'Y f'or t hi• at·t·ommodati on of the colonists 11. · \\'i•ll <Js sigh t-st'< 'I'S a nd (•ampcrs fro m th e city . T The Sierra Madre Colony ilE Si,·r'I'H :\ladri: Colony, O l' the hoys' and gir·ls' •·olony, lot·all'd about a mil e ~out. h of t he uiain t·olony, is prog ressing wond crl'nlly well t hrough th " un tiri ng efforts of C:eoqrc '1'. Pickett and his helpfu l wifl'; 'DM " 7.om cs o.f th e ag1·icu lt nral end; A. B. \ Vnst. or tht' llii! Sonr·y 1111d construction end , assisted hy 1ht• hoys ll lHl gir·ls belongin g to t he colony. hl·oodc1· honF;e, 16 hy 24 feet, made of adobe brick , l1a::; ht'('ll (•ornp! Pted hy the boys under the dit·ection ol' l\11·. ·w est. and 1200 li ttle chicks are now cozily (•scorH·Nl. J\lfalfn rm1. n1·e now growi ng in fl'O nt, so th nt; when the lit11 ~ things nrc r endy to he ttm1Cd on it. nn nbnndance of grl.'cn stuff will be close at hand . Pickett 's hom e, 20 by 40 feet, has been almost com'lll •1Nt wi th 11w nirl of the boys, and will be used as n .k itchen Cor the schol!u·s as well as serving meals to t.r·mr imrtf;. 'fh c nrxt mn::;o11r·y work on the program· wj)] be the t•o.n trnd-io11 of thl' (']uh 1wu . 'l'he foundation- has been pn 1·tinlly eom] let ed and the r mainder will be ruh~ · Th{' goat mnnhrr l!l. nin of which are milking. and fll'l' in t·h~ugc of two g-id and a boy. They attend to th<' milldng au<l ,('(' that. the goat are properly fed. 'l'h(' mhhiti·y i heiJ1g con trueted as the inerca e of nlhhi1s demand. About fifty rabbit now are ecurely l10u ed in 1h{' Jmt\'11 . which are tJ1e product of the 0 l'Uliu oft he hoy intere ted in thi department. The fom· hor {'S belonging to thi colony lll'C in the l)ink of eondition. and are carefully attended by other boys who like thi ort of work. These horses are ex- tremely useful in the development of tlte forty aero•' allotted to the Sierra ~Iadre Colony. : The boys and girls have been doing clearing wot·k to a remarkable extent. It is the intention to clear and plant the whole of the forty acres as fa t a time 1wd conditions will p ermit. The gardens, quite e~:tensive in size, are doin"' firw. Onions, lettuce, radishes and peas have been eaten already and an abundance of corn tomatoes swe t and Irish potatoes with melon , berries etc., et . are promised as soon as nature will bring them up. 1'h y. tem of irrigation used is up to date and t he wat r . upply can be regulated to a nicety. Enthusiasm p revails among the boy and ..,il'l over the success thus far made. Th e finest tt·aiuinoo I o ihlc is here offered the pupils of t he school. Th y a1·, invited, but not compeJied to work, and o far th <'n' has been no shirker. The task of furnishing and d 'veloping work and . conditions deYolYe upon Geor·ge P ickett, who deser ves special credit. Visitors, e p cilllly those with children, are more than intet·ested in th Sierra :M adre Colony. Th ey see an opportunity for the education of t heir children f rom a practical point of view. \Vh en the scholar fin ishes in t his colony Jr or she " ·ill be fitted to tal<e up t he duties of a cit izen. J\Ir. Harriman sees g1·eat possibiliti es to r t he youn ger gen era tion in t he development of this manu al t raining. He believes t hat Llano can be made an educat ional center second to none, within a very fe w year.. In addition to t he more practical th_ings, Pickett ha. not neglected t he play end of th e institution. A firstclass ball d iamond is just across t he road, and Janel is being cleared fo r extf'nsivc playg rounds on which will be t ennis courts, and the paraphernalia t hat goes to make a down-to-the-minute exercise and playground. lt is donbtful whet her any boy or girl t hat attends t hi<; school. that is. th e regula r grammat· school, with t he pra ctical and p layground end, added, could be in· i!uced to leave ·the colony when g rown to seek n ew fields, nnd attempt to huffett the sinistet· monster of Capitalism. 'l'he strug~l e attendant upon getting a Jivin g is a thing av art and th e parents 11nd child1· 11 have no worr·y on this score. It will not be long until this colony wi.ll be practically self-supporting. 'l'hat is, it' will raise an abundance of foodstuffs and the su rplus ean be turned in bar ter to the larger colony, fo r the things r equired in the lesser. M The Montessori School RS. PRUDE CE STOKES BROWN is now in San Diego completing arrangements at the Exposition fOI' the exhibit ion of the l\Iontess6r i school system and wiil take Llano children fo r t his pm·pose. 1t is Mrs. Brown 's intention to take t 11 children a month, for four months, for an outing as well as training in the wonderfully charming Peppe1· Grove of tl1e Expo itian. The attendance at the llontcssori sclJOol has increa ed, until the average attendance is above sixty little tots. ::\Irs. Brown has left compct e.n t tcachcrs--;;\lrs. Wilhide ::\Irs.. Richardson, 1\lrs. ~(astcller and :M:rs. Buxton-to !!llide the young minds while she is absent. It i remarkable the interest this school is attracting (Continued on Page 2'1) �The -Western Comrade • • M 1 1 1 Vl 1 1 e P r e p a -r e d n e s ·s OR a week the By CLARA R. C U S H MAN ~ Nellie Parker, must be just a Parker home had '; bit worse than all the rest. been the hub of Millville feminine After her rebuff she had n ever a ked any more questhought and activity, with -this one com- tions, and she tried to control her arrant thoughts, for ~ ing and that one going and the other one she wanted ver.y much to be a nice girl. But her eyes staying, some to help, some to talk, and ·were bright. . They flashed messages to her brain of 'I.!Y all to see Nellie's wedding garments, w~1at they saw the messages became perception , the hom th e white silk gown in its tissue perceptions t houghts and the thoughts conclu ions, so wrappings, "·ith little sachet bags pinned that in spite of all her e-fforts and prayers that God in the bosom and sleeves clear to the very make her a nicer girl, the rudiments of 'the secrets of garters that would hold up her stockings. There was conception and birth and maternity which only married uothing they did not see and discuss, and the verdict people ar e supposed to ·know and talk about, an·d then 11·as that Nellie "·as properly prepat·ed. only in whispers and in segregat.e d groups, become hers .:\lelli e did not mind the general hub-bub. She was almost unconsciously, but with the vaguest, the stranglil'iu g in a cheam world which no one inhabited save est, the shyest, the sweetest of a generalized idea an IH·rsclf anJ Jim Preston . Smiling, she listened and impression chiefly of physical suffering tt·iumph.ing· smiliHg she comprehended hardly a word that was said. finally in the joy of parenthood. Oll th e en :-ning before th e wedding l\Irs. Parker and 'l'he rapturous but immodest thought that some day t hr .J ud gc drove over to the little cottage Jimmy had she might make her dainty wedding garments intobuilt for his bride, to sec that all \\"as in r eadiness-the cloth es for lter baby r efused to be banish ed. It nestledl pantn' sh elves stocked with canned fruit, the cup- mischievously in her consciousness as though it Wclre hoards with JH'OI"isions, and the dr·awers with linen . a naughty child itself. She undressed and knelt and " I helie1·c in preparedness." she said to the Judge, prayed as usual, finishin g, "And Lord, please help me ns she pok ed some moth ball among the folds of a to be a nicer girl, for- " she should have said, "fot· blank et sh e \\·as packing awa:v. " even in marriage." J esus' sake, Amen, " but instead her lips slipped- " fol' ;'1/clliP, with that sam e smile on her "lips, was also Jimmi e's sake. Amen." 'l'hen she added, "And ior kneelin g in front of a dra\\·er, concerning herself with J csus ' sake." She hoped t hat God would look over preparedness, 11ot of moth balls and blankets, but of t he slip, as she was going to be married tomorrow. Yiolct sa chet and delicate white garments with here Byes closed, head buried in hel' pillow, sh e tried to and there just a whisper of pink. They needed no in- go to sleep , but her excited mind went rioting off unspection. Sh e had made Cl"ery stitch of them herself. til sh e feared Satan himself must be sitting at the foot Jt 1\"llS probably th e hundredth time she had unwrapped of her bed. Never, n ever before had sh e fel t so openly, th em, run her hands softly over them and folded them so uncontrollably, so joyously wicked! Her timid again . She ]mew there were far more than she would thoughts broke through their leashes and her conscirwrd , that after her marriage th ey would be too fragile ence went chasing madly after them to bring them for eve r·yday wenr. Her parents had told her she was back. She turned restlessly and threw out her arm. t>xtraYagant. She thought of this now as she sat bc- Instantly Jimmie's dark head seemed to be r esting upon l'orp the dr·n\\·e r·. her lips curved in their perpetual it and her arm instinctively curved. Then it str·aig htsll!ile. She couldn 't t ell them that she wasn't really ened stiff and she sat np with a gasp. Rlr c was a Pxtnt 1·agant- some day she could make her wedding wi ck ed, wiclwd girl ! Sh e got up and knelt in front of tir e open window to cool her: hot cheeks. S he hoped prP ~e nts OYer into tiny yokes and p etticoats and littl e dr<•ssrs. Ilct· smilin g lip parted- it should be a boy t hat God would remember she was to be marri ed to. . . \l·ith gray eyes and da~·k lash es like Jimmie's morrow. H e must know that wh en a girl was to be a nrp . . . and a yery bald · head . . . and . . . wife soon it was hard for l1cr to stay all gid up to the very last minute. Sh e wondered what all those eyes of ~he flushed a deep r ed and hastily closed the drawer. ln spite of 1111 her prayers and efforts, Nellie feared she God-th e stars-thought of her. They did not look ll"llS not a good girl. Or· why should she p ersist in think- angry or shock ed. Th ey twinkled and winl, ed nt lrer ing of things nice girls must. never think of, lil\e that one by one and by th e thousands, almost as thou gh they :r hon t h<'r- like that. Gui lty a nd ashamed, her lovely wer e amused behind th eir inscrutabl e ligh ts. 'J'hey br·ought her· some comfort. 'l'hat unseen fearful Power ~ milr !!One. to do p enan ce sh e r esolved to go to bed, :r ltlr ough sh e wa. not 11t all sleepy. Sh e wondered if that brooded over her every thought and act, inscribotlr r r· girls found it as hard to be nice as she did. She ing black marks for th e bad ·a nd gold ones for the good,.. rrc·nll ed how curious sh e hnd been some y ears before, had forgiven her. But the night sounds made her· strangely lon ely- thea nd how on e dny sh e braved her mother 's stiff reserve. :.Jrs. Parker· had turned very r ed and cross. She glared croaking chorus of th e frogs in the marshy pasture, the shouts of children not y et call ed to bed , the monotonous ilt hrt· d11ughter. " Nellie Pat·l, er, I 'm ashamed of you. .\"ic-<' !!ir·ls never think of such things. Go right up- lullaby of :Mrs. Macdermott rocking her baby to sleep n ext door. Sh e was fill ed \l·ith feminin e premonitions. st nirs anrl . ay ~rour prayers." As Nellie brush ed her hair she d ecided there was She wish ed that Jimmie had not hccn forbidden the ·no douht about it . . Of course ·all gir·ls wer e naturally house and her on t his last night. His voice and. touch hnd- that was E,·e 's fault in eating the apple- but she, would hnYe r eassured her. In that melancholy hour --!!!!!!!!:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!t m �The Western Comrade 24 uefore the spring evening finally settled into darkness and silence, as she knelt alone before the op en window, Nellie's Day of Days, her joyous 'l'ommorrow so long drearn t of aud planned for, began to assume a new aspect. lt loomed formidably uear and a bit te rri fy in g in the uon-lmowable, non-talkable, non-thiukahle · experiences it was bea rin g toward her . Down t he road came th e quarrelsome ra ttle of h er· fath1·r's old auto. Sill! s lipiH''l back in to hrd an d IJ,,g-:m to c.:ount ha..!n1·ards in hopes uf go in g fq s!•·,·p . Then an une:'f~~'• ·t "d thi n:,: hap iH!ncd. j],.,. mother. ordina rily as at'f<'<·tionatl· as tit< • illlitation stotll' pillars in front of tltr Baptist c·hrm·h. c•tti l' r•·d and with tit<· 11tntost soiPmnit y bent 0\'(' r and k is~wrl lt c t· c·IH•t·k. " (;oqd ni g"ltt , my ·· ltild . :ILty (:od pt·ot•·d ~·ot t. " shr sa ic'l. '' I !tope you sl\'C}l · 1\'l· ll." At. ]('fist tltosc> " '<' r,• h<•r worus, h11t lt (' t' tone arHI man li P!' implied , "Ooorlni:,:ltt, my child. l\fny Cod have nwr·ry on your ~oul ! Yo11 won 't sleep rntH'h tonig-ht.!'' So it sounded to Nrllie. "Mamma," the worus burst out of her impulsively, "what makes you- what will - how- " llet· voice died . away quite unabl e to scal e the wall of lady-like JH'Opriety that separated her from . her moth er. She hastily changed the subject. " Thank yon for all the nice th .i ngs you've g iven me. You didn't f orget a sin crle thing, did you?" " I tried n ot to. A girl 's a lon g time maiTi rd and ought to hr proprrly prrpat'<'d. Good nig h t." "Good night. Nrn.rly all women get married som e time. don't the~·. Mamma?" "Of eom·sr. Good night. " Nellie f('lt. better when she though t of that vast arm~' of o t h e r women, especially when she r eflected that some of them braved the ordeal llllnmnmJlllumniDllm UUIIIIIliJUHmnmnnm:utmi1Jillllmnmmn Ulllrnmnm11l11111111I1l11111Jlll j Song of the Submarine By George Mauricio (While on board the H-2.) J ~-ose along \rith d ecks a 1rash, · ·1\ll hid by Hying spray, ,\nd enrcl'nlly I scnn:h the sea For ships on 11·hieh to JH'e~·. For none m ay l\n011· just when 1 :;o, And non e when 1 may '·ome, _'\s quic k as breath- as sun· ns d eath] send th,•m all belo1r: Jnto ht· r sid l's m y missil(•s go- · To w(lu nd he r sort•, and the nLike fr ightr ncd s hee p into th e dl'cp l>rop eursing. praying men. Sing ho! fm· s hips 1 \ ·r m et a nd snuk; Siug lto! my hea rty, ho! A great rnae hin c quiek turned to junkf:on c to n, gnwe below . ·wh ere siirnt thin gs \I'CaYe in and ont _\ nd J·n ggcd scn,rcecl gro w. I nose a long beneath the fog, T hat curtains all the sea, A slim.v erl, all made of stcrl, A thing of mystery. For· none may SP(' a nd 11011 r may ]\n ow, Nor lenrn my d eau l:v hate, L'ntil they know the crashing hlow 'l'hat shivers every plate, As through he1· sicl<' S my missil es go, To wound h er sor e anu deep. And from he r deck-a twisted wreck'White-facccl scamrn lrap. Sing ho! for ships I \·c yet to meet, Sing ho. my hearties, ho! Pirk and pride of some mighty fleet. Gone at a sin gle hlo\1' Down wher e t he slimy sea-snakes cr eep. Their evil e~·rs aglow. I mmlunnnmumnniifilllllllDIIIIUIImnnnnnnnlmmnnmmmumnmunnmmnnllllnnnnmnnnmrunnmnnn J not only once, but twice, ut• even three times! till mo't women did not look happ,l'. Now she should think thei t· faces would fairly sh in,• ! Sometimes aftet· an evening spent with Jimmie when he had caught glimpses of herself in the glass she had beeu amazed at t he way h er own face shone. H er eyes blaze<! like stars, her cheeli:s wer • pink, her lip rosy and part. ed. 'IVould her face shine more t han ever after she w ns married or would it sl op shining altog ther ns su many other women 's uid '! \\'h at gave so many women that· t cl'!'ible ma nicd ex pn ssion when their faces \I'C'rc in r epose. so r eserved, so pl rnsant, so pnticnt, yet so full or a sccrrt, furtive, smoulu ci·in g somr thing- she could not under tanrl ? Th ere was not hing in t he scci·et of couccp· tion and hir t h and matcl'Jlit~· as she und erstood it, to make " ·omen look like tltat. There must he some · deeper, more fearful secr et in matTiagc that girls mnst not lmow. What could it be7 Wide a\\·ah e, alert, n erves t:tu t from over excitement, Nellie lay and ponder ed, and as she pondered little beads of' p er· spiration broke out on her forehead and the palms of her hands grew moist. Could it be-was it possible-one mi g ht almost think from th e \ra y It er mothc1· and oth ct· w omen · looked sometimes wh en she surprised them in a secr et conversatio n that there was omething shamef ul in maniage, something f r om that clark underworld of t hought and deed that a g il'l coulu not help l<now existed, for ee hocs from it were su re to r each her a nd mak(' h er cheeks b urn with loath · ing and d isgust, ·was it poss ible that the world of Jo n: could have an ythi ng in com! rnon with that other world ,, \Vhat an in comprchensibJ ,. thing life was! What a pai n· fnl, puzzling, lonely proces,; being a girl had been, wi th no adviee, . no explanations. no sympathy anywhere. An•l �'T he Weste-rn Comrade 25. IJ0\1·, tonight, it seemed that !.. ·ing a woman might prove <I ll even more painful, more pnzzling, more lonely pro-· •·t'SS, " ·ith no on e in the world t•• take her problems to, save one. and him a man. And .I immie had neYer been married. Probably he knew even l··ss of women than she did . . \ :\Ian! Th ere was no getti ng around th e fact that he 1ras a l\Ian. And tomorrow !J,• " ·auld hold her life in the hollow of his hand! She shuddered! The thought clutched her lwnrt. Sh e would soon be at tile m<.' r ev of one of those tll ystr riou; mnl e creatures "· ho for some stran ge r eason 1 ;od had made n ecessary in Jlis seh cme of creation. but HJ ·I·c rt ltelrss must not he tl tou ght about hy nicr gir·ls or 111' \ .(• J' looked at straight ill tlil'ir ey c·s. Being nat urally d··l)l'avr d h~· sins of l\Iother E1·r . sh e had often wanted ,·,·rv mtH:h to look at th em or rParl about them- there w er e so many of them in the world nud they "·er·e such curious lookin g, · fascinating cr·eatures, :ts th e~· swa gger ed about in their mal e garments. But she wanted to be a nice girl ns hrr moth er had taught her, so when on e of the forbidden •ntlk ing riddles was about On Dut y! slir l'l hntys blushed and tried - Dra wn fo •· T he W este rn Comrade h y J . L e wltzky to put her mind on higher· things, like Bible verses, or the Golden T ext for the following Sunday morning. wh en th e girl was f inally engaged, t he books closed in Of course her little, bewhisl;-ered, gray-ha ired fath er th e most <.'Xasperating way. Or· in t hose few books was not a M:an. She never thought of him with a wh er·e tl:e engagement took pla ce in the beginning, the l'itpitalletter. Nor had she r ealized that Jimm ie was (·oupl e wer·e always quarreling, or the hero seemed so one before . Fir·st and for a long time he had been a mu ch more easy to satisfy t han Jimm ie, who was alplaymate, ·then one day as she was r eturning fr:om w11ys saying, '' Aw, why don 't you be good to me, Nell ? school he had kissed her. It was just a dab, but it ,Don 't you like me ?" !<"'in a lly she had poured out her had burned into her heart, and changed the f recld e- heart. "Oh, ,Jimmie, it isn't that! But it's like a nose, wide-smiled playmate into a lover-a bringer of heautifuln ew game that I don't know how to play. I miracles, a magician who by the merest softest touch of don 't kno-w what engaged girls ought to do. Do you ?" his lips upon her skin could make that distasteful " Gee! " Jimmie had said, "Gee !" as he sat down sudthin g called a kiss become an exquisite nameless .thing, denly and mopped his brow. Th en, ." I guess I've got almost. painful in its hints of deeper raptures. And a general idea. And I 'll try to keep the rules. But a fter the kiss and engagement had come another prob- J 'm awful sur e,'.' he added f irmly, "that one of the lr>m. ·when a girl- a nice girl-had a lover-a very rules is, you ought to kiss me. " So Nellie had returned th e exqu isite, nameless thing, J·ageJ·, p ersistent lover-what ought .she to do ? That is. if she was engaged to marry him ? Of course, the a.nd was very glad it was according to the rules. And now the idea tha t her· lover was one of those answer was very simple if he had not asked her to marry him. If a man offered a ~aress without first J e- male bein gs whom her moth er ha.d taught her to fear c·larin g his intentions, a nice girl must become very and avoid, fiJlecl her· with wretchedness. She fo r got · nngry and say, "How dare you 7" or something of the Jimmie 's gray eyes and mischievous smil e, his tender, kind. Gi rls always did that in books. But usually protecting k indness. Sh e r emembered his short, black �26 The Western Comra'de PEARSON'S Js the only Magazine of its kind This is why:Threc years ago Pearson's decided to be a free magazine. This is what it did:ABANDONED FANCY COVERS CUT OUT COLORED PICTURES ADO PTED PLAI:-1 PAPER This w as the purpose:- - A plain form would enable the mag.azine to live on its in come from subscriptions and monthly sales. It would not have to con sider the effect on advertisers when it wanted to print ;the truth about any public question. hair, his prickly cheeks and upper lip, his stern, straight brows, his deep voice, his broad, flat chest and hips, all those masc.uline peculiarities which emphasize him as. a being foreign to her, hinting of the frightful and unknown. In. the unn erving, silent darkness about her, in th e darkness of her own ignorance and misinformation her lover became a stranger. H et· nerves gave way. A lump gather ed in her throat and choked her: She began to sigh heavily. Th e sighs turn ed into sobs. She bit h e r~ pillow to keep from screaming. H er mother l1 eard her and opened th e door. " What 's the matter , Nelli e 1" " I don't want to be married. I 'm not go in g to be married. I'm. not going to be marri ed ! I 'm not going to- " "Now don 't be foolish,. 'ellie. Of course you are. Everything ';> r eady. You 'r e worn out, that 's all. It 's your nerves. H er e, I 'll give you a dose of Nervine. " She got the trusty bottle and administer ed a large d ose. Gradually the sobs subsided . Nellie lay with her l ids half closed. th e ey eballs roll ed back A blue circle formed about he1· pale. twitching lips. Th ey dropped apart, showing the rows ® litt le white teeth within. She sanl~ into a heavy stupor. Th e d emons of Sham e and F ear, her her itage f rom t he d egrad ed past, might be powerfu l enou g h to dri ve away a girl's virgin love, but they could not with stand th e- effects of a tablespoon ful of Nervine. Th ey r etired g rinnin g. 'l'hey lw ew th eir turu would come again . " How do I know the Bible is ti·ue ?'' Ben continued. '' Don 't y ou believe th e Bible 1' ' P a roared. " Didn 't I t ell you to beli eve it 1" "You told me also to beli eve m Santa Claus, and in storks.'' "Can you po int to anything in t he hook t hat is untrue 1" d emand ed th e father. "It says t hat t.he rabbit chews its cud , and it don 't," answered Ben . '' So you mean to tell me that my prayr rs hav e had no effect on "And God is good, ain't H e, Paw, and j ust, too ? And H e sends p eop le to hell because t hey are bac.l , clon.'t H e 'I " '' Yes.''' " H e mak es everything and knows everything. Knew about me coming ?'' " Yes. '' " Th en if H e is me rei fu l, ' \ hy did n 't H e stop me before I ca me? Jf H e lm ew t hat I wou ld be cu r ious, why didn 't H e give me a head lik e yours ? If H e is just, why d id H e mll l\e me t he way I am ? ""\ nd , if H e has planned everything befor eha nd , why do you as k Him to change it ? And fath er and son min gled in close commu nion on t he physical plnin . It "·as wrong to qu estion th e old about t hings physical or spiritual 11s th eir ultimate answer was punishment. So Ben went out into t he f ields and spoke to th e flowers, th e insects, th e birds. Yea, even to the bones of the dead; and t hey answered him. Kindly th ey r ewm·fl ed his labor. Th e God of , 'ature was kindlier than th e God of Men. Th e God of Nature invited th e soul to feast; th e God of ~{an cond emn ed th e soul " ·ho ate. Ben in his love of ~ atur e le11rned the truth that man makes h is God in his own ima ge. while Natur e is the on e, t he r eal and the everehanging truth. 'Th is was the result:iPearson's now prints the tru th about $(1)Itle question which affects your wel:fa1'e i n every issue. It prints/acts which"no magazine that depends on advertising could ..afford ' ' to print. And, with all this, Pearsons still prints .as much fiction and entertainment .articles as other magazines. If you want plain facts instead of pretty pictures buy a copy on the news stand for 15 cents, or subscribe by the year fo r $1.50. By special arrangement with Pearson's we are able to make you the following clubbing offer. You can get botll PEARSON 'S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN COMRADE for one year by sending $1.00 to The Western Comrade 924 HIGGINS BLDG. LOS ANGELES, CALI F. Your Combings • made into switches for one dollar, and up, postpaid. Worl: guaranteed. MRS. E. TURNWALL · Llano, Cal. yon ~ " " I neve t· kn ew th ey were d ir ec t ed at me," said Ben . "I thou ght you wr re talking to God. ' ' '' Don 't you get sm art,'' caution ed th e fath er. Ben ignored his th reat and assum ed t he offensive. " Pa w," he said in a drawl , "Is God all -powerful ?" " Sur·e," answer ed th e fath er. "Does H e know everything, Paw '!' ' " Why, of course he does. " Knew about me before I was born ?'' "Sure- even from et ernity. " " F{e kn ew that I would likr bones of animals ; that I would study life; that I wou ld ask questions a bout His business. Didn 't H e now, P aw?" " Yes, H e did." �T The e WesteT .....mplt>:!:>, e1·olving in the dired:ion as being a greater f11r~:e than seJfisJmess, c:hanges the ~- Jmlt• lllf('ed or ~voJution as laid ,J.,wu l1y DanV"in, His modesty, ~- hit·b Jmillt' his admirers smile at tfw timt-, pron.'s to han~ been but ~Hmt lwr asrw!'t of his exceptional wis,lmn. 1111d 11•11\'C:fl him far greater i11 tht• miud11 o( his mec:essors than lw Willi 111 his g eneration, as likewisl• h i11 tlwm·;v. hcin, expressed in tlw 1t•J'Inl! or tlw working hypothc,.,~. WIIH alsv )pft J'r'<'l' to grow. .\ 1hlnf.' 1hat i·annot g r·ow is d•·11d: a tltilll-{ that is finislwd has ,.,.il!!!'d to Ita\'(' any g r·eat Yalue to or <·hi ldr<' ll. :\fl'll 'III'Wd to t h ' of dt•!' an d h·s" l'f'fh·i(' fl t ml't li ods, and th ww uuIJ•· qllllill11'd with arry at all, Hre 11~ 1111111d• · d ut t!J,. Pvid <·n<·es of 11'11illi ll )l ll l'ljUi r<•d hy t JH•S(' litth• "''''"' i11 11 "" ''" Rhort whil <•. Th 1• ,.Jii ldl'i'll nr·•· ':il lo w!'d t o d cw lop llillllt'lill ,v 1111d th e wn ys and turns ~I! own h~· t hr budd in g minds <ll'l ' ~ i 111 pl,v lll fl t' l'elous nnd a c·onstant Slll lt't·<· f' inl'ipi r·n ti on . Th e ~vhoo l h11s l'Pl'<' il· d \'is it.s from manv ll' llllli'tt and nwn N lncator s f 1·om d ist 1111\'l'. :'II t'. 1111d l\f rs. To11·n:end , (!'11111 ull lnnn; 1111d WO III I' II :t infinite in time and space. To know about it is an infinite ta for infinite mind . Let us neYer try to lock up iufinitv in our little mortal cr('e and ·formula , but work togetlter hannoniou ly witl1 the one tool without limitation , the workino hypothesis, and teach our children that the truth a we see it i but the outer edge of an infinite r ealm of wonder and glory and that ever·~· step onwards in 'its di co1·er) is pure joy. r,.,.,.,•ish JH'PJHH'Nhle .' lt't n p;m. e und look ut wm· nnd the rdutiou it ht•nt·s t n tlw wol'ker. ~h. '\\'m·kingmnn! in time of w:u· tw timt• of lWnt•l', do ~·on ~ret enouO'h 11) l't•t>tl. t•loth lUI l h!"lter vou Y \\"ill the workN· of Enrop' come hllt•k ft·om the trPnell . in Fhmders lltlll flntl Hmt t h y hnYt> bettered lht•il• ••t•nllomi<- eoudition ! Or wiU tlH•Y find thnt tJu~v lun·e 11 j.tll lml'k i;IIO Wll~!' hn-e~y and 't~md ~ ~f'('oft•r tax hurdt>n to pay l\lll•k th1• lllOili.'_:\' }onned to fiD8D('C I hi' war whit'h tlle workt> fou bt fnr tht• mo.t('r t'la~ of Europe, too u' '"''t to fi~ht tltettl I ! l~t \n..? look at tlte. '1tnation here W (" :tt('u nmclt in tlne p~ ed a.oout i:ntt-l'~ U tla~ 0t' B ion in llesor Guggen- By George Gibbons hei m fa milies want to shou lder a rifle and go to i\Iexico, well and good. They arc interested t here. But you men who lost your wives and babies under the tents at Ludlow; ~· ou men of La\\ renee; you nwu of Pater on · you men of Paint :md Cabin Creek ; you men of Calmnet-but. why go on? You men of the working ela , have you a fiaht to make! Then don t take a gun and fight to weld your. hackles of er\ritude tighter. tand in the open and defy the master-cla. _ Organize on a co-operati,-e p1an, regard] of creed or nationality. and yon wil1 accomplish thin!!S. Fint, ~ the product of your labor. and, ond. put the master to work by ~-our -de. To do away with waf!ell\·ery yon m Ol:ertbrow the eeonomie masters. beeause where there · a mastl:er tthere mn'St be a ave.. SOCIALISM AND WAR Continued from page 22 both g raduates of Dr. 1\Iontcssor i. wer·c recently in the colony, and declared that they could not ima gine a more- effici en t school any wher e. T hey ma t·velcd at t he genius which oYercamc natural and artificial difficulties and brou ght up to such perfect ion th e Llano Montessori school. For the info rmation of severn! inquirers hack East, it may be stat·ed that little on es from the age of 2 lj~ to 6 yenrs arc r eceived in this srhool. Ft·om t hen ce they go into t he upper grades. or Master? In 1his d uy of wur (in fart the llln:t t l't'l'ihle \\'Rt' thnt so-called eiYiliY-uti on hn: t•\ '<' 1' N•n ) . thi. lav of t'""'- e its erea or. A painter thi:nks not of tbe painting he has completed. This uninrse is a grea work of art The Montessori School n~""" . Ta orking Hypothesis eo aioaed from p:sge u 11f al mism, lav Co By LOUIS B. BOUDIN AIIIM< of "Th Tlotorollcal l~tlt• of Kill MilL" This book tells you, in popular but thoroughly scientifi• way. (I " Socialism and War" has attracted attention in Europe and America. Boudin I a. great Marxian scholar. His explanation of the economic basis of Imperiali m is superb. (I No scientific jargon - 11 clear intelligible .tudy of Socialism, Capltalirm a n a War. (I Price $1.10, Postpaid Yon can g t thi s r markab l book In comlJinatlon with th Western Comrade for $1.21i. Make all ch cks or mon y orders payable to The Western Comrade 924 H iggins Building Loa Angelee, Ca l. Notice! IFyou happen to ref~cl vc mor than one OOJIY of thl8 f8t~ue of the Weswm Comrade, kindly paM8 the extra COJri~ to th~ woo Jmve never seen it. If the you ~ve them ltD JJOli~ red 1110011 b~ U1etr l'eins, tbey •lU :AJJnl(;-ril;e an4 become frieJJcb or ~m IW4 (tOoperation the r~t ot their l!J'~· mw• �The Wester-n c ·omrade 28 THE WESTERN COMRADE ~43 Entered as second-class matter at the poet o!llce at Loe Angeles, Cal. !124 Higgins Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal, Subscription Price Fifty Cents a · Year In Clubs of Four Twenty -five Cents Job Harriman, Managing Editor F rank E. Wolfe, Editor Vol. JV ".\fay, 1916 No. 1 Boost The Western Comrade! It is the only magazine which can keep you informed about the Llano del Rio Colony. e ir('u lati on Tilt• l<'aps. A g•1r•s largr~ r up th e ma ny dub make. by e in·ul ation ofl'e rs we You •·rmnot d o bet te r than subse rihe today. ] f' .)'O il <ll't' a SllhSt'!'ih t•r. tTy t o get a not her. l t is yo nr maga- zir)('. For 50 l'CIIts \\' C will se nd it for one yea r. l11 e luhs of fou r· copi es, 2;) l'C uts l'ac h fot· one yPa r·. Get your fou r nam es this month. The Only Address of The Western Comrade 924 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. Make all Checks a nd Ioney Orders payable to Th e Western Comrade . . J u n g 1e J0 t t 1 n g By Emanuel Julius "French score!) in the air" is a headline. The newspapers look on this war as a game of baseball. "What's the score '1" the reader asks every morning. ' Oh, ' answers the newspaper writer , "two Zepps down f or t he Germans; 1200 ya rds of trenches for the French!'' 'rhe story of a single murder in p eace times may terrify the entir e ''~o rld , but the · destruction of millions in war times is consid ered a for.·m of amusement-a game. · B attleships nowada s are nothiug more than dollaF-cha ers for the commercial pirates who hav com. modities they want to unload in n ew markets. Some people have queer kink in t heir craniums. 'l'h y admit that it is wrong fo r an individual to ruu around with a n automobile and pump away at a nyone in iaht but it is perfectly all ri ght for a na tion to rush around with n lot of d readnaughts and a rmy corps. ·what is 'rhcre was a time wh en p eople b e- wrong for an individual to do erli eved scourges and blac k plagues tainly ou g ht to be wrong fo r a nawould be with us forever, but we t ion. The same lo gic. in my opinion, learn ed that plagu es a re not t he appli es to capital puni hm nt. H r esult of divin e displ easure but of · it is wrong fo r you to commit murhum an n egli gence. Th e same ap- der, what ri ght ha s t he state to take pli es to war. People believe wars hum an life. will be with us fo rever, hu t scienIt costs a para ·itc more to sati f~· tifi c sla ug hter will go the " ·ay of th e othl' r plagu es that have affli ct- one of his whims than it costs a Pel mankind . ·w ars a r e the r esult workingman to fee d Iri s en tire of hum a n igno r·an ce. \Vh cn all the family. peop le lea rn to live by produ ct1on H ere's a r e ipe fo t· makin g "OOd a nd not hy ex ploitation. th ey will haYe no r eason to hm·l th e missil es wage-slaves: Take fiv e feet s ix of ordina ry mu scle and bon e (with just of dpath. enou gh bonehead to ma k e Hennery Bcttf' r' hf' a dreamer th a n an un- invulner abl e to the ideas of th e Soc ialists ) , pl enty of patriotism, a het!Jinking sla ve. li ef that it is pcr·fcctl y ethi cal for· A work ing-man who dorsn ' t o"·n th e capitali sts to own privately hi s job ra n 't call himself a free what the people nc d, and th e opinion that unless th e workers a rc very man . poor th ey wouldn 't do any work. Th r rtlit orial jingoes are lik e Mix w ell together. Add the fol Artemus \Vard , who said he loved lowi ng: Opposition to a ny work . the Un ion so .d early that h e was ingm en who strive fo r bettc1· living willin g to sacrifice all his w ife's con dition s; hatred for anyone who r elatives. Th e in san r milita ri sts wants the pt·oducer. to get t h full seem anxious to provoke a war so social valu e of t h eir labo r . 'fak t ha t th e m r mh r rs of the working- t his mess and put it over a slow fir e. class ma y do th e dying whil e th e Let it simmer. Season with pl enty monied intr rests rake in the shcck- of beliefs that t he old part ies wi ll els. Oh , it's a great thin g wh en do something for Labor after the)' you can do th e patrioti c t:tlking have fin ished doing th eir bit for whil e th e othr r man does the dying. capital. . Garnish with a liberal dose Rnt what will vou do wh en the of capitalist newspapers so that th e other man learns. to tell vou to back dish wi ll acquire its proper h eavi no vour hot a ir with -~ bavonet? ness. Serve hot on election day. Oh . .':von will think t''ice befo.re you do an ~· war ~·e llin g. \ Von 't you ? A goYe rument that does the most for the capitalist minority and th Th e men who write th e school least for the public majority d ehooks of a nation can make an~· sense the scorn of every honest nation helien• in an~· wrong. person. * * *' mPans a hetter· maga zin e. Look at T *** �e e tera C /olony Courier Gt-aduation Exercises Piftem pupils of the Llano lt' lftnmar ~~ehool will parti,-ipate in a daM pby and graduation exm·i~ June 2.. The names of the ~~ nduaws are: Laurence Ecklund, 0 iw..'l' Foorc, Carl Foreman, Allwrla l<"rea<l, 1W~JC Kaufman, Jennie l..•·11lie, Vietor Stokes, l lyrtle Ji•·mv, Mary Moulton, Daphne White, Orma JohnHOn, Raymond l'alm, FrP-(1 ~cott, Norman Scott uwl Mcrl WaJiace. Graduation Class Reception IJu Monday, May 29, the graduril•'" oJ' th e J,Jano Or·ammar •'chool f" the lJUtnher of fift en. h ld are•·•·p tlotl nnd dancw, for th e parents 1111 d f r·ienclK of th e grad es, in t he ltl~t AHIWtn hl y hall. Dancing contilllll'd un1 il 1JUi1'e late, af'tc r which d11i 111 y r•c•l'r'!'tdlln nts w ,. • served. Ti lt• gil'l gr•atlu ut H, assi.-t d by the hii,I'H, tn8 ily tl ccorat d th e hall for til•• IH'('ilf!i on. A d •li ghtful time II'IIH enjoy •d hy all. Th Hikers' Club Llano Rug Fac o Llano, California The Most Com_plete Rug Factory on the Pacific Co -Employing Expert Weavers BEAUTIFUL AND DUR'ABLE RUGS Can be made from your old Ingrain Bru l M qu tt tu:ld Velvet Carpets or Rugs. Old Chenille urtains or Tnbl make desirable rugs. We also weave Rag arp t Ru~ and r Squares of every size and style. Rugs Made from Old Carpets Size 24x36 27x54 30x60 3x 6 4x 7 6x 9 8x10 9x10 9x12 Price $1.00 1.50 1.65 2.25 3.75 6.75 9.75 10.75 12.75 Lbs. Lbs. Ingrain Brussels 5 6 8 9 9 10 11 12 16 18 32 35 45 50 50 60 60 70 Rag Ruga and Art Squar a Size 24x36 27x54 30x60 3x 5 3x 6 4x 7 6x 9 8x10 9x10 9x12 Prl $ .50 .65 .75 .75 .90 1.65 3.30 5.00 5.60 6.60 Lbs. Ra s 2 2* s s " 7 12 17 18 24 We pay· freight one way on orders amounting to $5.00 or ov r . . ? 1• • Ask About the Llano Special Rug Ship direct to the Rug Department ·ttano del Rio Co., Palmdale, Cal. · arri d A TEMPTING OFFER Hundreds of subscriptions are pouring Into the elreulatlon department ot tM western Comrade through combination otters. Tbla nwntb we have .everal n ones added to tbe list. Would you like to get THE ATIO AL RIP-SAW dth the Western Comrade at a reduction? .lust selld seventy-fhre eent. W ~ cln:nlaUon department of the WESrERN COYRADE, H4 Ht~ BW8.-, :to. A.IQ:eles. CaL. and be placed on the ma1llng Hat ot both JDa413ZIDal wr OlU' yet#, Hom9 A-4533 RARRJMAJI & LEVDI at Law �30 The Western Comrade FOR sA<bE Thoroughbred Swiss BILLY GOATS We have 7 excellent young billies, 3 months old, of pedigree stock $25 Each \\"rite GEORGE PICKETT LLANO , CAL. If Y OU are interes ted in th e Llano del Rio Colon y yo u mu st read th e monthly story in Th e Wes tern Comrade. On e year flOc. Addre ss: THE WESTERN COMRADE , 924 Higgins Bldg., Los A ngeles. C al. Our Greatest Offer! Here is a combination offer of The American Socia!lst, official organ of the National Socialist Party, the famous "1914 National Campaign Book" and The Western Comrade that not one reader of The Western Comrade can afford to let sl!p by. The American Socialist for one year Is ......... $ .50 The 1914 Campaign Book . .50 The Western Comrade for one year i s . . . . . . . • . . . • .50 Total ........ ... ...... $1.50 We will make you a combination of the above for just $1.00 Take advantage of this offer now! Address : Circulation Manager THE WESTERN COMRADE 924 H i_g gina Bldg. Los Angeles. Cal. · Smart S m a t t e r i. n g s The uncompromising fight against Social Imperialism is fundamental to a r evolutionary mobilization of th e prol etariat and the rebirth of the International-S. J. Rutgers. If our economi c organization is th e chi ef cause of war at the present t ime, th e simpl e, obYious thing f~ r us to do is to direct our influence against the continuation of this c_iluse.- William .E . Bohn. Force never vet. so far as mv r eadings of hist~ry go, put Hn end to fot;ce.-Bouck White. Th e total mi litary expenditure of th e warrin g nations for thr fh·st yrar of th e conA ict wns $17,500.000,000. For the second year it will he $28,000,000,000.-Milton Bronner. Find mr Yillnabl c land idl r . Hnd I w ill finrl yon idl e men 11nd idl e cHpitHl.-James R. Brown. Some ' 'Crv ra rnest Soc iHlists nnd others dis~ount th e co-operatiYe movement on th e ground that it is not suffic-iently rHdicHl : ~· c t whHt could he more rHdi cnl th11u a movemrnt whi r h has for its gon l th e com plet e dcmocratizHtion of industr:v.- Cheves West Perky. * * * Th e rit ~· goYcrnm ent hHs ceased to he 11 powc1·fn l hroth crhoorl of local g1·il ft c1·-s.- Felix Krendon. TJatHl hns been p erforming some strange Hntics in this eountr.v during th e last fifteen years.-A. M. Simons. It. hHs been fo und in pra cti ce that direct tHxes cut into expendi tures on luxury more than th ey interfere with investm ents in inclustry.William English Walling. * * * to p raise I hesitate indiYiduals, · e pecially individuals who hold th e r eins of goYernment.-John Kenneth Turner. Impet·ialism i the attempt of a domin.ant race to extend its dominion over other rac es and a _ similate them wherever possi-bl e. lt matters not whether it is done in the name of "the white man burden," "kulture," or " Socialism ... -Henry L. Slobodin. * * * Had th e Social Democrats of Germany paid as much attenti on to th e developm ent of industri al powe1· Hs to political power, the present war ould not have hl'eu pulled off.-J. 0. Bentall. *** Som e work ers forget that th e body is on ly a wond erfu l machin e, and th a t wh en th e gea ring is on ce worn out, it is don e with.-Camille David. *** Tf you want to make a railroad broth erhood offi cial hot und er the col lHr, Hccuse him of planning a st rik c.-Jack Phillips. ** >~< Th e mod ern invention of perp ct· nHl corporations nnrl trusteeships has mad e it possibl e to develop fortun es so vast th ey exercise the power of life nod d ea th over milli ons of men, wom en and ·hildren.Senator Owen. If you \\·Hnt to get t he support of th e work ers you w ill have to CJ'Catc a nation in whi ch th ey ca n own th eir own hom es and be able to mak e a decent livin g, so that, if it is ever threatened th ey will have som ething worth fightin glfor .-James A. Maurer. *** On e finds and lib eJ·atcs love and more thorough devotion to w.ork that in a measure helongs to him thHn in a ta ck for on e whose God is :\[ammon, whose con cept of a worker is that he is a serf.-Fred H. Beckwith. Th e philanthropic capitalist is t he th ief who has stolen th e cow and who afterwards offers to th e rightful own er an infinitesimal part of th e mi lk extract ed by him in t he milkin g.-Anthony Turano. �Th ·e Wesl~r Co mTade E kskin Boots and Shoes actory Operated in Connection With Llano del Rio Colon IDEAL FOOTWEAR FOR RANCHERS AND OUTDOOR MEN Famous Clifford Elkskin Shoes are light st T HE and easiest for solid comfort and will outw ar three pair of ordinary shoes. M en'e 10 -l nch boots . . $6.00 M en'a 12·1nch boots .. . 7.00 M en'a 15·1nch boots ... 8.00 Lad lea' 12· ln. boots ... 6.00 Ladles' 11)- ln. boots ... 7.00 Men's Elk work shoes.4.00 M en's Elk dress shoes .5.00 Ladles' Elk shoes ..... 4.00 Infants' E lk shoes, 1 to 5 .... .......... 1.50 Chi ld's E lk shoes, 6V2 to 8 .......... ..... 2.00 Child's Elk shoes, 8V2 to 11 .... . ......... 2.50 Mluea• and Youths' 1W 2 to 2 .......... 3.00 ... \\~e coYCr all lines from ladies , men s and childr n but n or hwc in light handsonie patterns to the high boot for m nutain, hunting, ranching or desert wear. Almost inde t ru tiblr.. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurements according to instructions. Out of town shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P. 0. order and ~-;tate " ·hethcr we shall forward by mail m· express. Sales Department Llano del Rio Co. 924 Higgins Bldg. Los Angeles, Cal. Place stocking foot on paper, drawing pencil around ao per above Illustration. Pass tape around at linea without draw· lng tight. Give size usually worn • -Already in Its Second Edition The Life and Exploits of By HENRY M. TICHENOR Jehovah ' No book on earth like i~lt 's a scream from start to finish-If you have not read it you h ve missed a rare treat. Price, single copy, of " The Life and Exploits of Jehovah," handsomely bound in silk cloth, 1.00, prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada. · ur librnry of Fr ethouaht books is incomplete \rithout this latest, laughable and intruetive work. For ale in combination with one year s ubscription to The \Vestern Comrnd f r 1.2 . Make all cheeks payable to THE WESTERN COMRADE HIGGINS BUlLDING LOS ANGELES, CAL. �/ ' ARE YOU PREPARING? Are you preparing yourself for the future like the Comrades below ~ Will you continue to pile up profits for the boss until the day comes when it will be said: "Well, you have been very faithful, my friend, and you have made me much profit, but you are getting old now, and a younger man will take your place on These peeple•_.ar~ •• :M:onday' Y Or perhap you are competing with Big Business on a small scale under the di illusion that you are going to become rich Y Remember! Ninety per cent of all bu ine ventures fail, while more than sixty per cent of all co-operative enterpri es run on a ound financial basis succeed ! preparing. Read what they say! . Diii~n~ Mont., May 4, 1916. Llano del Rio Company, Los Angeles, CaL Dear Comrades: Enclosed find check for $40.00 to adply on my membership. I arrived back in Dillon from my trip, on the first, and am bucking into the system once more. But with a lighter heart, for I know now what my ·comrades are doing at "Yaw-no,' and I feel glad to be doing my part with the enclosed amount. With kind regards to those that I met in the office, I remain, Yours fraternally, IRVING JILBERT, Antioch, CaL, May 10, 1916. Llano del Rio Company, Los Angeles, Cal. Dear Comrades: Please find draft for ~20.00, payments for the months of April and May, on contract of Llano Company. Am always anxious to hear of the Colony, which I read in The Western Comrade. Yours truly, H. L. FRISBIE. Washington, D. C.. May 8, 1916. Llano del Rio Company, Los Angeles, CaL Dear Comrades: Enclosed is a money order for *30.00. payment for this month's in~tallment on my contract. With best wishes for the continued success of Fraternally, the Colony, I am RAY D. DAVIS. . Washin gton, D.·'C., May 8;).91,6. Dear Comrades: Enclosed find check f.or $10:00 as payment on my membership. ' The news ot the Colony always gives us much pleasure and we are glad to learn that you are doin gt so well. • With best wishes to you all, I remain Yours sincerely, I. P. DINOWITZER. Ely, Nev., May 10, 1916. Dear Comrades: Enclosed you will find a money order for $20.00 for the month of June. With best wishes to you all, I remain, Yours fraternally, CARL ELLINGSEN. Fresno, CaL, May 5, 1916. Llano del Rio Company. Dear Sirs: Enclosed please find draft for $340.00, to be applied on my stock. Sincerely, MARTHA J . PATTERSON. Los Angeles, May 4, 1916. Llano del Rio Company. Gents: Enclosed please find check for $10.00 to apply ·as payment on- iny stock, month of May. \Vith best wishes for your success, F. S. WEBER. WHY NOT JOIN THESE COMRADES? The writers of these letters, as well as the residents of Llano, have mov ed out from under the weight of the fear of the future . They are now resting easy because of the assurance that the full product of their labor will accrue to their own account; because they have passed from the system of boss and slave to that of practical and intelligent co-operation with each other. ' Are you prepared for the future? WhY. not join these Comrades and make your future secure? Think this over, but don't wait too long. Write today, giving your name, address, etc., and ask for an application blank. ADDRESS LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY OF NEVADA JOURNAL BUILDING RENO, NEVADA � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1916-05 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-05 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v04n01_191605 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-25 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v04n01 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/e3e1f4eb88516beecb0ceb1ead1fdcb1.pdf 7f0871f0bdd23f4c26da0afedc0b52e4 PDF Text Text .- -. The ,, \ \ .. --- CAPITALISM'S GREF\T ASSET Apr1l 1916 live Cents -. �..,. .. ,. ..... ,-- _..,.. . .. ·~ THE -GATEWAY TO FREEDOM Through Co-operative Action ,, - T . I HE name ,of the Nevada-Colony Corporation has been changed to the LLANO DEL RIO COMpANY OF NEVADA. . Thill has been done in order to cohform to the name qf the only colon. enterprise in which we are '.inte~ested-the LLANO. DE.L RIO CO-OPERATIVE COLONY, ituated in l.~os ·ltfigeles C-ounty, ·Califor.n ia. ' We arc not interested in any colonization enterprise in Nevada, or _a1~y other state out ide of Califomia. Another important change has been made in that we have decided-to issue our former c·ontracts instead of the nne we offered as the Nevada Colony Corporation. This makes the term of membership much _easier on the members. Instead ~f asking $2,500 for memberships, we have dec·idPd to c·ontinue on the $2,000 basis. This requires the member to pay $1,000 as the initial fee, 11nd to WOJ'k out the remaining', 1,000 sh.ares at the Colony, at·the rate of only one dollar per day instead of two dollar·s per day. Outstlmd~ng {!On tracts will be changed to conform to this when r equested. Follow~ng is the plail_.:to which we have returned: each share-ho~det· agrees to buy 2,000 shar of' c·apital stock. Each pays in cash or installments. $1,000. E·a ch pays 1n labor, $1,000. Each re eiYes H daily wage of $4, f rom which is deducted one dollar for the stock he is working out. From the rc·rnaind c·r· comes his Ji ving ex penses. WhateYer margin he may _h ave ahove deduction for stock and Jivin~ c·xrwnscs is cr·cdited to his individual account, payable from the surplus profits in the enterprist·. If an installm<'nt member ~al ls ill, is disabl ecl or disemployed, ·. the Colony gives him cYcry opportunity' to recover and resume payments. In 110 case will he be crowded. lf he finds it impossible to r·c·sume payment~-;, we will upon request, issue stock for the -f ull ~mount · he has paid. 'l'his is transf"erahlc and may @c soi'Il··to his best advantage. In this we will .undertake to assist wherever lH'Il<'licahle. (/or·porations ar<' not allowed by law to deal in their own stock. The LL.ANO DEL lUO COMPANY is interested in only one magazine-THE WES'l'ERN COl\IRADE: · ·This is an illu strated monthly magazine devoted to the cause of co-operation and Socialism. It has ,'bcen issuPd hy the Colony since its inception . .Job Hal'l'irnan,.founder of the LLANO DEL RlO COMMl}NITY, is the managing editor. TilE WESTERN COMR~DE is the enly magazine that we gqarantee will print stories in each issue covering the activities at the LLANO DEL RIO COMl\IUNJ'l'Y: 'Jlh'e ·~ubsc ription price is fifty cents p er year, clubs of four, _twenty-five cents a year. You·.ar.e· urged to read the following with great care. It wm ·:give you much information eonc·erning a ~~on.y two years old, with .a record of wonderful achievement and success. W. ID . have: an abunda n ce of sparkling water from • l;ll6~a,h1 streams sufficient to i rrigate thou- . sa11ds ·of fertile acres where nature's bounty is limitless. We'· are conducting a great agrlcultur1;11, horti cultura l, s tockrai ~ lng enterprise. We have a number of Industrial plants. operating and a number of others projected. We have nearly 800 residents at the new city of Llano and· tho'usands of others are planning to make it their home In the future. There are excellent schools. among them a wonderful Montessori school which takes harge of the children at two years of age. Schools range from this to the high schooL Write today for an application blank. fill it out and send toge ther with a re mittance of $10 or more to secure your membership. You can then arrange to pay $10 a month or more until you can. so adjust your affairs that you can make your final payment and join your comrades who have already borne the first brunt of pioneering. · The climate is delightful. the soil fertile. the water pure and the social life grows more ideal as the colony increases In numbers. So und F inanci ng Ne c ess ary P ERSONS cannot be admitted to residence at the colony upon .the payment of UO.OO or any other sum less than .Qle· initial payment fee. Hundreds write and suggest they be allowed to pay a small amount, or in some cases, nothing at all. then enter the colony and work out the remainder on their shares. If the colony permitted this there would soon be. a hundred thousand applications. The money derived from these initial payments is used to pay for land. improvements. machinery and to carry on the enterprise until it is on a paying basis. It takes considerable time to bring a large agricultural undertaking to a productive pojnt. The colony must proceed on sound financial llne,-:' in order to continue its present s uccess. This fact ,'fnust be·..obvious to all. The management . of the Llano q,e l ·fO,o,.Coinmunlty has never been unmlnd"f.ul of the fact']pllt there Is a numberless army that cannot take advantage of this plan of co -operation. Ma'tly letters come in that breathe bitter and deep disapJi&i.n.tmsnt. ··. No one could regret this more than we do. It' 1s our hope that the day will come when successful co-operative groups can say to their stripped, robbed a nd exploited brothers: "You who come with willing hands and und erstanding of comradeship and co-operation are welcome." The Install ment plan of payment whereby one pays $10.00 a month is proving satisfactory. On this plaq the absent comrade is providing for the future while his brothers and sisters on the land are bearing the brunt of the pioneering. Families entering the Colony begin to draw from the commissar y. Some of the food, all the cloth ing, much of the material they draw, costs money, The initial membership fee goes to oll'~t'- the support of families until the colony shall be on a paying basis. I mportant Q uestions Answered W HEN a member of the colony dies his shares and credits. like any other property, go to his heirs. Only Caucasians are admitted. We have had applications from Negroes. Hindus, Mongolians and Malays. The rejection of these applications are not due to race prejudice but because it Is not deemed expedient to mix the races In these communities. Llano is twenty miles from Palmdale, on the Southern ) �Pacific Railroad. All household goods and other ship- almost every state. The only innovation is in the rements should be consigned to the name of the owner, · . stricting of anyone from ·voting more than 2500 shares Palmdale, California, care Llano Colony. Goods will of stock, regardless · of how many shares are held. As be stored in the colony's warehouse until ordered·moved this is 'to be the ultimate holding of every member, this to Llano. All shipments should be prepaid, otherwise is considered a . strong protective clause. The incorporathey cannot be moved and storage or demurrage may tion charter is also the usual type and gives the corbe charged. Freight transportation between the colony poration the right to transact almost all manner of busiand the station is by means of auto trucks. Passengers ness. The Nevada corporation laws are liberal, safe, are carried in the colony's auto stages. In shipping and well construed. There is no disposition on the .Part household goods , it will be well to ship only lighter of state officials to interfere. goods. Cookstoves, refrigerators and heavy articles should not be s hipped from points where freight rates Community Management are high. HE LLANO DEL RIO COMMUNITY has a remarkIndividuals may own their own automobiles and able form of management that is the result of evo many colonists do own th em. All livestock. poultry, etc., lution from the unwieldy, tedious and impracticable are kept in the departments devoted to those industries. a't tempts that were made in the earlier months. The The a im is t o keep the residen ce portion of the colony management of the affairs of the colony industries are clean a nd sanitary . in the hands of the various department managers. There are about twenty-five of these departments and Declaration of Principles in each department there are divisions. Over some of N cond ucting the affairs of the Llano del Rio Com - these 'divisions are forem en. All th ese are selected for experience and fitness for the position. The demunity it has been found that the fewer inflex ible their partments hold meetings of t heir own at t imes they rules and regulations th e greater t he har mony. In- select. At th ese s ma ller meetings ways and means are stead of a n elaborate constitution a nd a set of laws the discussed to increase effi ciency in the department. At coloni sts have a Declaration of Prin ciples and t hey li ve th e m anagers' meeting as ma n y persons as can crowd up to th e spirit of them. Th e declaration fo llows: in the room are ah vays present. These meetings are Th ings wh ich are used productively must be owned held every night and they· are' unique in that no motions collectiv ely. are ever made, no resolutions adopted and n o minutes The ri ghts of the Comm unity shall be para mount over a r e kept. THE LAST ACTION ON ANY MATTER those of any indi vidu al. ALL FORMER ACTION AND THIS Liberty of action is onl y permi ssibl e when it does SUPERCEDES STANDS UNTIL· THE PLANS ARE CHANGED. The not restri ct the liber ty of anoth er. plan is working most admirably and s moothl y. At these Law is a r estri ction of liberty a n d is only just when nightly meetings the work for the n ext day is planned, ope rating for the benefit of the Community at large. teams a re a llotted. workers are shifted to the point Va lues c reated by the Community sha ll be vested in wh ere the needs are gr eatest, a nd machiner y Is put on th e Community alon e. work, transportation is a rranged, wants are The indi v.idual is not justly e ntitled to more land designated mad e known and filled as near as practicable. Th e than is suffi cient to satisfy a reasonable desi re for peace Board of Director s, members of which · are elected by and r est. Productive land held fo r profit shall n ot be the stockholders, meets once a w eek and bas charge of held by private owne rsh ip. t he financial and business management of the enterprise. Talent and intell igence are gifts wh ich should r ightly These directors a re on the sam e basis as all t heir combe used in the ser\'ice of others. The development of ra des in the colony. At the genera) assembly a ll persons these by education is th e gift of th e Com munity to th e over eighteen years of age, residing in th e colony, have indi\'idual. a n d the exer cise of gr eater ability entitles a voice and vote. non e to the false re wards of greater possession s, bi.LI: on ly to the joy of greater service to others. What Colonists Escape Only by identifying his interests and pleasures with HE electric light bill, the water bill, the telephone those of others can man find r eal happiness . . bill , th e gas bill, the ice bill, the coal bill, the docThe duty of the ind ividual to the commimity is to tor's bill, the drug bill, the dentist's bill, the school develop ability to the greatest degree possible by availbook a nd school s upplies bill, t be sewer assessment b!!l , ing him self of all educational facilities and to devote the drain of street car far e, t he annoyance of the back the whole exten t of that ability to the ser vice of a ll. The duty of the in div idual to the Communi ty is to door peddler and begger (Henry Dubbs who think the administer justice . to eliminate greed and selfishness, trouble is ind ividual hard luck) , t h e hundred a nd one to educate all and to aid any in time of age or mis - g reater and smaller burdens on the householder, and the long Jean weeks caused by disemployment and the confor tune. seq uent fear of th e future. There Is no landlord· and rent is charged. 'Constitution and By - taws' no While they are charged with living expenses, for food ANY persons who want to know how the affairs of and clothing, the Colonists ne ver fear m eeting~ the grothe Llano del Rio Community are conducted think , cery bill, th e milk bill, the clothing bill,· the laundry b!ll, in order to get this information, they must secure the butcher's bill and the other inevitable and multitudinous bills that burden the s truggling workers In the a copy of a con stitution and by-laws. There is no con outside world. For th e t ax b!ll he has no fear. The stitution. The Llano Community contents itself with a Colony officials atte nd to th e details of all overhead. To "declaration of principles" which Is printed on this page of tl)is magazine. The management of the Colony rests his. the amusements, sports, pastimes, dances, entertainments and all edt~catlonal facilities are free. with the Board of Managers. a m ember of which is the The Directors of the company are : Job Harriman, superintendent. These managers are selected for their fitness and ability. The business and financial affairs of president; Frank E. Wolfe, vice-president; G. P. Mcthe enterprise are conducted by th e Board of Directors Corkle. treasurer; C. M. Cason, auditor ; F. P . McMahon, who are elected by the stockholders. The corporation vice-president; W . A. Engle, secretary; D. J. Wilson, by-laws are the stereotyped corporation by-laws of vice-preside nt ; A. F . Snell and Emma J. Wolfe. T I T M Address all communications and make all payme.ots to the LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY OF NEVADA, !\~~D~ �CONTENTS Page . 7 Editorials By Job Harriman. 10 A Modern -:'lfovie By Anthony Turano. Tuming the Trick (Poem) 11 By Ernest Wooster . .Justice and Not Bullets 12 By Edgcumb Pinchon. 15 The Needs of Llano By Adel aide Maydwell. ActiYities at Llano . 18 By R. K. Williams. The Montessori System . 22 By Mildred G. Buxton. Co-operation (Poem) 22 By John Dequer. . 23 'l'he Sociali st Party By Job Harriman. The Drram Fulfilled (Poem ) 23 By Marguerite Head. . 25 Th e Great Str·ugglc By Edmund R. Bcumbaugb. CARTOONS Labor· Crucifix Ga oline Fever Heat In the Arena The BraY~ Militia Protect Its l\Iaster Frontispiece 8 13 16 �THE WESTERN COMRADE ---------------------------Poli tical Action S Co-operation Direct Action NUMBER 12 LOS ANGELES, CAL., APRIL, 1916 VOL. III E Devoted to the Cauae of the Worker• D I T 0 R I A L s quired eith er to produce it, or to . Ol'IALIS:\l' \Yhat is iU Is it B Job H arnman · · d.1reet 1y 1ml?rove · 1y or m a s~> st<.'m of propaganda ? Or y dtrect 1·t . Figlll'atiye]y speaking there is but little difference is it a proposed systL•m of production and disbetw een a quantity of wheat in a man's stom~ch, and tribution, and more ~ The propaganda that lllt'rely attaeJ;s the present a lump of coal in a furnace. The one develops energy eapitalist systl'lll and rd'USl'S to <.'ngage in netual eon- in the body ; the oth er in the boilet·. The desire to struetiH <·O-OJWratin work, is a positiY e force deYPlop en~rgy t.:reates the d emand; but the price, no ;q:rainst !-'<H·ialism. undl' r 11·haten•r name or ling stwh artifieial ,cause interfering, depends on the social l'llPrgy "speri~ in its production. prop:1ganda may sail. ~oeialis111 cHIJIJot he lt•arned from ahstral"t theories A bushel of' wh eat or a ton of coal will g<' ncrate ;Jlolll'. Jt t·annot he learnC'<l in full from books. as mU<·h <.' IH'rgy, and is, therefore, as great a soeial :\ t•it lll·r t t•at·IH·rs nor orators nor papPrs and mag a- power, whether it he consum ed by a producer or con· zint·s n111 t <' ll tht• compld<· story. •The philosophy trolled- by a gambler in th e pit. or !-'o<·ialism. \l"ht•n undeJ·stood . is at bf>st only a sign Pow<·r knows no mpJ·cy, nor justice, nor equity, post indi<·ating the din•dion in whieh we should nor sentiment. lt is mct·ely powet·. \Vhocve1· postran·l. But th e traYeling is, indeed, a very differ ent sesses it a nd controls it may command. Greed and t hin;r. W lwn the exodus from Capifali ~m to' Social- am bit: ion freed and grow upon power gotten by gamism h<·;rins, tlll'n ht>gins the march of ':the multitude, hi ing in some form. All methods of gaining powct· with all th c i1· hopes and Yisions, thei1· ideas and without render·ing an equ ival ent is a phrase of gamideals, th!'ir Yirtues and l'i,: rs. thPir memories and hling. From this unconscionable struggle, to take l'intraeteristi<·s, thl•ir philosophies and their theonC's. somPthing from others for uothing. springs a sordid ThPSP must a ll lw workC'd oYer and adjusted nHtil and insatiabl e eup idity aud ambition to hold and conthe multitude adua ll y grows fond of each other and trol one's fello\\·s. dm•ll tog-ethel' as h1·othcrs and not as eanniha ls. Eni'Y ownl:'r of property is, t hereforc, a little lting So<·ialism is more than a dogma ot· a philosophy or or empe ror, according as he may be named; and his food an<l !' lothing. 1t is a system in whit·h a new kingdom or empire expands in p1·oportion to the >lltd difft•J'l•nt life shall he lived. Food, clothing and property he commands. Economic power, like all sheltt•r, !Joll·e wr abundantly, and <>qually, distt·ib- things, grows hy what it feeds upon-namely, hwnan uted , wonl<l he only a sounding brass and a tinkling Pnergy, human lives. It is a cannibal and it makes symbo l in the absence of a genuine and profound a ra nnibal of most all who possess it. a ffeetion fo1· our fellows. ] n order to develop this We wonder if the users of automobiles do not feel rellowship. \H must do more than merely .tearh, we 1he ennnihal 's ,.Jnws and tusks, tearing their very must begin to traYel in that direction. liPsh , as the oil trust 1·aiscs the price of gasoline. Do At Llano, the march has alt·ead_v hegnn . 'l'h c med- thr_v not spPnd their life's en ergy to get the cash IP_v, of id t'a ls. eharactPristics, th eories, etc., is playing to pay the pri ee? Is not more blood suclwd by eve1·y its part. In some, thr impressions made by capital- raise in price ? \Ver<· you in prison, would you not ism are so deep that they ean neith <:>r he eradi cated give any p1·iee for a loaf of hread to save your liie ? nor adjustPd. Sa<l as it is tons all, these unfortunate So also will onC' pay the price. though out of jail. fr w go thPiJ· way ; while th e r emainder, inspired hy Is tlw Standard Oil Company a canni bal ? On March a beautiful vision and an a hiding hope, and sustained 2!) , HllG , th e Standard Oil Company of Ohio declared hy a <•ommon intri'rst and equal opportunity, are de- a ]00 JWr rent dividend. Rtill, the price goes up, and wloping a spi1·it of rongenial fellowship, as cheerful the ri\·pr· of human blood swells ns it pours down as the snnshinP and as sweet as the hon<>y and the thrir brutal gurgling throats. hon e_vcom b. It is the wielding of enormous economic power that has convrrted thr aristocracy of Europe into a band + + + of c·annihals and hronght on that terrihle war; and CONOJ\TJ C p01Hr. \\"hat is it ? lt is th e tr<>- in timP. thr wiC'lding of enormous power hy our at•ismendou:; Yolume of human enC'rgy that is stored tori·ntic (?) eanniha ls will hriug 11s to the trenches in the enormous reservoir of real and personal prop- and the slaughter. If thr hlind lead thr hlind, th ey will both fall into rrty of the world. GC'nerally speaking the value of the property is determinrd b~ the human energy re- thr ditch . E �8 The Western Comrade W H AT is the trouble with Roosevelt and his much boasted Panama Canal ? It cost $400,000,000. Any day the Culebra Cut may be fill ed with l ,000,000 tons of dirt. Frequent landslides are not only making the canal impracticable for either commercial for war purposes, but, the engineers tell us, that mere maint~nan ce "bids fair to call for $800,000,000 more, with no promise of permanent and continued use." The picture jars the Bull Modse. H e has turned it to the wall and is seeking new campaign mat eria I. A II suggestions will he gratefully r eceived . R + + + I N the California Social-Democrat of April 8, the fo llowing editorial appeared: The secular press conveys the "news" that an effort is being made to form a state la bor party. -It also announces that Job Harrima n Is the foremost advocate of this scheme. He i s quoted as saying: "The Socialist Party, as n ow organized, will n ever lead the way out of the wildern ess. The hour has come when a la rger and more v ital m ovement must be born. I believe that movement must a nd will be born or Organized Labor." As an individual Comrade Harriman has a perfect right to advocat e any kind o f politics h e m ay elect. He can organize a ll kinds of political parties a nd formulate any kind of platform he desires, but as a member o f the Social ist Party he can not do so and, at the same time, be loyal t o his voluntary party pledge. The Socialist Party h as been exceedingly good to Job Harriman. 'Vhen h e was the can d idate for Mayor of Los Angel es the com r ades rallied to his support with a purpose and will u nprecedented in American politics. The machinery or ~he party was practically at his disposal to do with as he pleased. During- ail the years that he was active In the movement In Los Angeles his palicies were in evid ence m or e than any other. If the party as now organized is a failure, Job Harriman must share his responsibility for said failure. The Socialist Party h as no fig!· t with O rga nized Labor and it would seem that the friends of both would not, at this time, force an issue which must necessarily array one group of l abor against the other. Let us h ope that Organized Labor will not fall for this suggestion regardless of the source from which it may come. OOSEVELT, Hughes or Root? Root is waning, Hughes is rising and Roosevelt is now in the !Pad. What a pill for th e G. 0. P. to swallow! Before they arc through with him they will know they have taken something. Did he not divide them in l 912? Can he unite them now ? Arc Republicans mere sheep for this astute and unconscionable politician to lead to the slaughter? Gasoline Fever Heat Have they forgotten his The Socialist Party of Calil 912 campaign speeches 1 -Drawn for The \\' estern Comrade by Dudley L ogan fornia Is not th e · special preserve of any m an or group of Did he not swear eternal men. 1t is not the vehi cle to vengenee upon Root for further personal sc hemes or t o serve individual ambition. Jt i s not the tail to a ny m a n·s kite. delive1·ing the Chicago convention to Taft 1 For this breach of polit ical servitude were not Root and Taft The question of forming a State Labor Party was and all their machine men mere "pot house poli- not even discussed at. the State Building Trades conticians,'' ''tools of Corporate greed,'' ''rascals," vention, where the above statement was supposed to "thieves," "liars," " crooks "? Did not an enraged have been made. Job Harriman did not speak there. Republican shoot him in th e manuscript because he The substance of what he said appears on another could no longer endure his billingsgatr ? Will the pa~e of this magazine and was prepared for this ocRepublican party forget his vituperation, and bathe casiOn. again in the poluted stream 1 No one knows better than the editor of the SocialThe Republican party is surely as wise as that Democrat what Harriman's position has been for "rare Nut Eating Bird" that let him go by, because years past, concerning the relation of the Socialist hr thought the Colonel was rotten. · Partv to the Labor movement. He knows that r elaHave they not spued him out of their mouths 1 tion ·has never exist ed only in a small degree in 1911Have they acquired the canine habit of swallowing 12 in Los Angeles during the era of the greatest proshim again ? If the politicians have sunk to this level, perity of th e Los Angeles Socialist movement.. 'l'o suggest that not a general cause. but Harriman, can they also drag the rank and file with them to wallow in thrir polutio11 ? personally, is r esponsible for the heavy falling off of . .. �TheW~s.tern the Socialist Party membership, which has happened all over the United States, as well as' in Los Angeles, is too ridiculous for further consideration. Let him discuss propositions and not personalities. Life is too short for petty quarrels. I + + + T will be unwise for the Llano del Rio Colony to est ablish or to be connected, even remotely, with anoth er colony, until Llano has been practically developed in its various branches. By such premature expansion , our Colony would not only be financially crippl ed but the thought and attention necessary to our high est soc ial, educationel and economic. development would be diverted and our purposes, to that extent, defeated. The Comr'ade So far is it from an easy task to establish a co-operative colony that most men, even· radicals, pronounce it impossible. But the people of Llano know no impossibilities and whoever observes our development for any period of time, is forced to · the conclusion that our future success is assured. We are far past the dead line, far beyond the point when any ordinary circumstances can disturb us. It would r equire a chain of· circumstances, each vastly more difficult than any yet encounter ed, to cause even a serious apprehension-much less a failure. With careful business attention, coupled with the ener gy now exerted in every department, our future will be crowned with more brilliant attainments than any community on t he American continent. International President ... Th e destruct ion of merchant marine must erase; an accountin g, accompan ied with satist'ad ory ex planations will be made hy you to us, forthwith. Emperor . ..\\"e deny all mora l r esponsib ility for th e dPstru ction of merc hant marin es. Vve desirP to maintain friend ly r elations and to open negot iat ious. President ... Your sub marine operat ions a re in direct viol ation of in t ernational Jaw. Emperor .. .Th e Jaw was written hcfor c th e devclopmP nt of th e "subm arine,'' and hence docs not apply. President ... Th e principl e is t he same. Emperor ____ Principl es are modified as new facts develop. President ___ _T s th e "submarin e" a materi al fact¥ Emperor .... Very materi al and very ste rn and so powerful that by its irresistible operati ons it is makin g new intern ational law, late r to he written and accented. President ... Do you mean to p ersist in tl;is wrongful violation ? • Emperor .... Can Anything he wrong with an irres i ~;ti­ hl e power ? President.... Pcrhaps your submarine power is not irresistibl e. Emperor ..... That r emain s for th e future to determin e. \ Ve are dealing with t he present. Wh en a new and gr eater poV:rcr develops, th en another new law will follow. President .... Your c ondt~ct , sir, is inhuman. Emperor .... Are not the necessities of war inhuman ? Victory is the only consideration. Necessity knows no law. Have you seen with Con-troversy your mind 's eye th e 10,000,000 living men, and sti ll more dead and wounded, along th e trench es? ] s not this inhuman ? ln t his hour of stress humane impulaes can play no p art. President .... Not only Jives, but eommer ce, also, is bein g tlestroyed . . Emperor _.. 1nhuma.n as we may be, we insist t hat it is bette r for hu manity, to k ill a few and sink a comm issary and t hus starve our enemi es in to submission, than to permit t hem to he fed mid Jed by millions to t he sla ugh ter. President .... Sir, t her e ar e Americans on the mer chant marin e. Emperor .... Is it more inhum,an to kill an .American, wliil e on a pleasure trip, than a German, who is forced into the trenches 1 Th e commissary will eventuate in the final issue. It is, th erefore, a necessary point of attack and humane impulses are secondary to th e necessities of war·. President .... But we are n eutral. Emperor .... Th en stay at hom e ; stay out of th e muss and do not evade th e cal fa ct hy trying to hang your l1at on a musty, obsol et e int ern ational law. Sir, t her e would be no issue over international law if the merchant kin gs of the United States were -qot tJ·yin g to coin Europe 's misfortun es into cash. President ___ Nor would th er e he war in Europe, w er e it not fo r th e ambition of the powers to dominate the world's commerce. Our diplomatic r elations ar e at an end . II �dO - ~,·_ .·-·~-..Q ...d _- -_ -.e .: .-- r -:- ,. n,,,-: _ -freq~ent D 'OC·flops- ' WILSON'S ·during his ~v-ondenur .o . v ... - ... :'-. . -- .1 ·! ititioni~t~_ bec~on t<? so_~e,~<?ne off '-- - By ANTHONY TURANO stage. triple personality exhibition as President has con- · · Enter-a thousand militarists, each wearing a long Yinced us that the only way to get an accurate account cloak labelled with harmless tags 'Preparation.'' They for th e heuefit of posterity is by u·se of the motion bear U. S. 'flags and wave them gaily. · picture came ra . Th e old time historical -painter with All make way and a large group comes down th e his dull canvasses, has fallen back into dismal desue- stage. They are the painted 'ladies of the press. (Here tud e. organist ·plays shivery music. ) Ladies bow to old Dr. Nothing short of th e ·sharpest shutter' and quick ~st Grabitalls -and ·waive -th eir hands imperiously. h•11s will catc h and reflec t with r ectillin ear r ectitude the Ladies clown stage, each with pornographic pen in spe1•dy gy rations of the Doe. The foll_q wing scenario hand. Grabitalls comes down stage; stands close Deis st ripp ed of tec hni ca l persiflage fot· th e benefit of the hind Wilson , who is surrounded by the J,olans, who 1)icture-going public. writ e while he speaks. H e is interrupted by frequent The trinity of personality of this heavy lead player cheer·s. Run cut-backs, melt-ins and melt-outs of heroic is puzr.ling, in cxpli cahle-lik e all other trinities. One scenes on the battle fields. Always H enry Dubb r escues the dear old flag just thing is easily disce l'fl ccl , and that is th e remarkable synchrony betwee n th e stock flu ctuations in w ·an in tim e to dictate in his dying gasp, "It never stru ck Strr et and the genuflt>xi-ons of our Do c. As he bends to th e gt"Ollltd, mother·, it n ever struck the ground.'' plutocnt <'y, th e prrg n:mt hin ges of th e knee, melts in End of r eel two. Heel three starts immediately. and tn t'lts out in this weird chiaroscuro . REEL THREE Our hope is that this scrip may fa ll before th e eye Doc. discover ed sunounded by oil kings, nunm g or so rnl' rntl' t'])l'isin g produr er, who will seize th e opkings, cattl e kings and other. crowned heads of indusportunity to ea m t he undying gratitude of a gr eat try. All hold in their hands titles to land and mines pt·oplP hy prcscning th ese fli ck ering, fl eeting flops: given them by Diaz, l\fadcro, Huerta and Cananza. Th e ldngs are sobbing. They talk tearfully. :Melt out REEL ONE (Prologue) quickly to scene 57 where f ierce but ragged bandit. 1!) 1-!- l'rincetott. Professo r \Y ilson down stage, close up vil'ws. Jleavy t·urtains in hnl'kgrouml. Lool<s fo r- sand lefooted and smoking vi ll ain's cigarette te:ns wan!. Strong husincs~"; with eyes uplifted as he pro- Ame ri cnn flng to shreds with on e hand and runs off t·laims prayct· meetings. Soft stuff with- folded hands. some of Gen. Otis' cattle with th e other. :'licit ha ck to former scene. \Yilson shocked. Others Titl e insert here nsks for softening wrath of th e Eternal God (.Jawch ?)-"Give th e world eternal p eace." (This triumphant. \\' ilson speaks, but avoids words " \Vateh1·ould he costumed with hlaek gloves, a top hat ·a nd ful waiting.'' Doc. gives (•yes to camera. Strong busin ess of r elu ctan ce. Enter all the ladi es, each with a alpa ca umbrella. ) End of r eel onr. Heel two will folio" · imm<'cliat ely. bundle of Uxtras. Th ey dance to slow musi c, disclosing headlines ·which r ead: ''American Citizens BrutalREEL TWO ly Butchered by Border· Raid ers! " "Land Taken from l!J15- Doc ·wilson dis co n~ r c d in munitiou factor·y iu- Ameri cans!" " Mexicans Say Seir.eci. Mines are ·Merel:v sprrting slmtpncl. ;\Iunition barons, armor plat e mak- Rest ored to Th eir P eopl e." " Pretext Considered 1\fer c et·s and oth er capitalists hovering in background whis- Piffl e." :\felt out to another scene. pet·in~ and rubbing hands. Guide takes Dpc. to ChemFi erce :\Icx ican cru elly taking gold min e from hand istry depat·tm ent, demonstrates poisonous asphyxiating some American. (H ere organist plays much tremclo gasses, incendiary bombs, submarines. Doc rubs hands stuff with grand crash box effect as Mexican hurl s unctiously. Busin ess of appro_ving flammerwerfers and American into seething vat of chili con carn e.) new kni fc bayonets and scientific evieerators. l\Telt ha ck to scene. Wilson down stage; eyes filled Subtitle-" Of course we would not use th ese her e. with horror. Hegisters determination. Grabitalls hut it is alright to export them. Vve must not interfer e crowds forward flourishing Uxtras with Columbus, New with legitimate business." :\fexi co, scare h ~ads. Doc y ields amid shouts acclaim . Demonstrations of joy by munitions makers and (Organist plays cr escendo, andante stuff ; strong cra sh. Grabitalls, in th e background. Wilson seeing what a hang-like wh en the villain throws littl e Algie down tlll' hit lie ha made with the re pectables in the back- dumh waiter. Thanks. ) All leave stage hut Doc, who sits on divan center. ground, makes long speeches. Emboldened, the Mu- �TIt e . Wester-n Co m·r ad e Camera closes up. Doc. shows great weariness· until all get off ·stage. Eyes register "Guess I did that about right." Melt out to scene of American soldi'ers consuming seven days on quick dash across the border. Show cavalryman in act of using saber to cut up en,·hiladas for his tired horses. Much cactus and sand. :J[elt back to scene. Doc. does quick business showing satisfaction. 'Registers. \l-ith effect, "Guess that will ;!l't the votes.'' T u r n H "C sent m checks • 1 n g 11 Melt out Wilson standing very close to camera with· his regular illustr-a ted weekly bow, saying to the camera man: " Thank you." Melt in American flag. Organist , ,plays "Star .Spangled Banner!' (If this does not get the audience, run a cut back showing our brave cavalrymen storming and taking trenches at t he battle of "Huevos Pasados por Agua Caliente, No Muy Duro. " Play the flag in colors and have the gentlemanly ushers start the applause. ) t h e T ·r • 1' c k And in the meantimel\I PET~ DUMPE'l'Y By ERNEST S. WOOSTER The loyal glad handers, patills It will be remembered by our readers that l~or Yalue receiYed, riotic grandstanders, Humpety Dumpety first appeared in the January The ''Of-course-we-will-fightThe results he'd achicYed; number, seated on a wall, "but that 'wall' was to- defend- our- great-land ".\ ud he lade led out bright Wall Street ," and started his campaign for "the minted gold by th e pccksers ; half billion prize." He got it. But was he satis!led? See for your self. Tl1e clicking typewritersSmole his fat sinile and quoth, The clacking standpatters·' Boys you did well : All t he worthy word fighters, Fi\'C hundred million , Now for a billion: And patriotic proud '' Datters ' ' Your stuff got across-e ·en th e President fel l. \\' ith artistry, sophistry, guzzle and gushI see profits aheadWith whispers and sob-stuff and reve rent hush You brought home the ham. Adopted a phrase Just one thing raised Ned'fhat shifted the gaze And that's Uncle Sam Of the gullible public )fay make his own cannon and powder and shot ; Off from the ways ·\ \'hich would cut out our ga ins-so of cou1·se he must Of Humpety D:umpety not.'' A11d turned it to praise . Old Humpety seemed like a fat Santa Clause, .\nd the Boodle-boys gave him their hearty applause. And Humpety yelled, as he wrote a new draft, Then the movie boys heard ''At last, boys, we win! '' then he puffily laughed. And their cameras stirredSpill on the printers' ink1\'hen a dollar bill beckons, all forgotten are laws. Run the film, don 't mind the stink'l'he scenario men Make the simple voter think And th e ones who produce 'l'he Ship of State is going to sink! . Quoth: "0, see the Gold Egg. That menacing dangers surround on each.side, Now, where is th e Goose?" .\ nd th ey followed th e scent to whe.r e Humpety was. And the Germans and British have riddled our pride . Now this is your slogan: · 'PREPARING FOR PEACE! ' .\nd to Humpety t hey chorused: When we've got enough cannon ··We'll put the whole land in a state of such scaredness Our troubles will cease." That the people will clamor for gr~ater preparedness. " Th en hy subtly devising and wide advertising, They caught the home folks in a way quite surprising. 'l'hen Humpety mourned : ''I spent gold for education "Watch! Watch! for.. our latest r elease! .. 'l'o prepare a.. peaceful nation \\' atch for the thriller, ' The ·war Cry of Peace.'' ' To arm itself for war. " We want an army and navy so strong I have paid for this tuition We can lick the whole world, be no . cause, right or So I could sell munitionwrong! '' · That 's what I did it for. Humpety chortled in triumphant glee: Now if Uncle Sam should figure " ~[ e for th e movies-'-the movies for me. That his bills are getting biggerl:ive me a. plot wher e they wave the old flag, Bigger than they ought to be.. \nd I know I can get clear away with the gag. " H e might build his own war rifles. As he signed the film check And his other war-time trifles, H e boasted, '' By H eck,, And thus take the game away from me, " .\t least I have got every card in the deck." �12 T k e ·W e·s tern Comrade Justice and Not B u .ll e t s C HARGED with having used What we hungry people want is By EDGCUMB PINCHON · the mails "to incite murder, entire liberty based on economic arson and treason,'' Riindependence. Down cardo Flores Magon with the so-called rights and his brother, Enof private property; Perhaps you are sensitive, a lover of beauty and spaciousrique l<~lores 1\Iagon, edand, as long as ·this evil ness, a warm friend of tlowers and the open air, delightitors of "El Rcgeneraright continues to exing in the fellowship of comrades and the tenderness of women; perhaps you have the innate pride of spirit which cion, '' a paper pubist, we shall remain unmakes yo~ resent fiercely the unmannerly touch of the lished in l;os Angeles in der arms. Enough of gross intrusion of another. Perhaps, in short, you . are the interests of free mockery!'' just an unspoiled human being. So unspoiled, indeed, that ·in passionately cherishing beauty and freedom and ]ant! and fl'ec men in These utterances conAuman dignity you just as passionately cherish these 1\[cxieo, rc>ecntly have stitute the counts for all your race. And imagine that, being as you are, you were born in Mexico under the Dlaz regime! hern arrested a u d against t h e Ilfagons. jail cu. You have read John Kenneth Turner's "Barbarous MexiAnd for this they face co." perhaps, and you know what was the Diaz regime. This is the third time from two to five years A people who five times in sixty years had risen · in the l.Iagons have faced in the penitentiary! desperate revolt against inhuman slavery had triumphed the fifth time, had broken the power of the Roman the penitentiary; for The arrest of the 1\faCh urch, distributed the great estates among the peons, twice they have been gons and the indictinstituted a noble public school system-and Diaz at the convicted of breaking head of a reactionary revolt backed by Wall Street had ment of their English stolen this from them. A tiger actuated by fear and the neutrality laws and collaborator, William ferocity was Diaz. He drove three million small farmers have served terms in from their homes and lands and parcelled them among · C. Owen, is the seventh speculators, delivered up the rich mines and forests and' the State prison of Ariattack in ninety days oil fields to foreign exploiters- for a share of the spoil, zona and the Feucral on the liberty of the stamped out the school system, crushed the press, ruled penitentiary on l\Ica beast over ruins. 'v.orking class press of Ncil 's Island. ln a revtl;is. country. Wall Supposing you had grown to young manhood amidst this ruin of all that is fruitful and splendid in human society, olutionary career of Street . is eager for an and with your sensitiveness and love of beauty and cultwenty years, ten of era of commercial imture and fellowship you had had a stark and rugged which have been spent courage, a ·capacity for fierce anger and the audacity to perialism backed by the rebuke the. Beastin the United States, bayonets of ''preparedthey have passed more And supposing the rurales of the Beast had hunted you ness. ' ' To these ambifor your life, and despairing of making a successful 'stand than five years behind tions there is no seriagainst him in Mexico you had tied to the United Statesthe bars. ous opposition save that the land of Washington and Lincoln, there to utter your protest. and organize your countrymen against the evil "Justice and not bulvoiced by the labor and that was upon themlets, is what ought to be radieal press; and those And supposing the hand of the Beast had reached into the meted out to the revoluin touch with the situUnited States and oiled the palms of the newspaper men tionists of Texas; and ation believe that Wall and gripped in thick sensuality and understanding the hand of the President of the United States, and then had from now on we should Street, controlling the pounced upon you and beaten you-in blasphemy of your demand that the perseFederal machinery, has pride-and slammed you behind steel bars, there to· rot out your heart for three long years with the criminals cutions of innocent begun an attack upol! and perverts, with the obscenity and vileness which bars 1\fexieans should cease. the liberties of speech breedAnd as to the revoluand press, the most deAnd supposing at last you saw the sun again, listened to termined and far-reach tionists, we should also the wind among the grasses, heard the guileless roll[cking of the birds, kissed again In freedom the glad lips of ing in the history of this demand that they be - the girls- and then-with terrible memories in your heart country. not executed.'' but courage on your brow had set out again to defy and "The ones who In answer to this rebuke the Beastcampaign of suppresshould be shot are the And suppose the hand again had pounced on you-and you sion, a Workers' In'rangers' and the band saw before· you In a sinister glint the steel jaws openIng before you to the hell you had just leftternational D e f e n s e of bandits who accomAnd supposing that in spite of all your fight for liberty pany them in their de.pLeague of Los Angeles bribed and perjured testimony again gave you to rot in . redations. '' has been organized iu the horrors of the steel-trap which society preserves for affiliation with similar "Enough of reforms! her saviors- I f ·I t Were You �T h e . W e s: t e r -n - Com T €li de In the Arena . _:_Drawn, fo r The ~estern Comrade by J. Lewltzl<y I•· :~ Klll'S in San Fran ··ist·o, Cliieago and New York, with headqunrf•·rs at 621 Amer·ican lla nk Build ing. lt is ,a i"'nnaneut and widely i.:J scd organi zation r ep. r•·senting on its execu111'(' committee e'l1ery d i1·ision of the Ia bor nnd radical movements; <~lHl its services are at 1 iJ,. disposnl of" nll who ll• •('d d('fense and aid in t iJ,. strutrglc fo r ecol ~< llni'<' j ustice." '1'1he L'<':ague itas taken ' h:n-ge of the ~fago n : :·: · . . And supposing again you had come forth , shaj<:en,· ill, hut ."! . still d,esl}eratelx.qet~yro!ned ~hat fr.eedom and beautY: a·nd; ~,:human dignity:.shd-Uid. yet fiourish on. earth even though ·'· it .cOst 'you Y.our~)ife, ~nd you had gathered a few friends ' about you,' set~hld yourself on a little ' farm. put. up ~hand . printing press~imd set out once niore ,to' u.tter. the call to ·human &ple~or and <'to cast dJlmnatlon UJ:!On, ther Beast ...- .. which is not .:a man but .a whole social _syste_m- ·; And su pposing the Beast yet o:ri.ce more (ho:w. you shu9dered . 'Yh.en you thoug~t of' hi~;p in the .nig)lt !) , had stretched out his thic and llensual paw a nd, smitten .you .· to the earth, b.4il9-ten . you !:iJf you 'streamed.,with blood~and tli~n again had cast you· Into the steel-trap-b~Jilt ror"Wlld tnen such. as you. · A,n9 you . were growl.ng . oJd, your ·; health w'as brok,en, your eyes. failing-and there. was not. ev()n enough friendship for. yi)u In the world to go your heavy bail that you might enjoy one more brief glimpse of the sun and the flowers before the Beast took you for the Ulird and, maybe, t.lle last time-for human nerves will snap at last in deathThe n you we re Ricardo Flores Magon and bi.s brother, En rique Fh>res Magon, now in l.os -Angeles County f ail,' :awaiting the f inishing sLI'oke of tbe Beast's paw! case, _and has .set itself b -1 1 ..to put up th e .1 eavy aJ . 'o f $10,000 demanded by tlje 'c ourt fC)r the t ern• · porary r elease of the pJ;Isoners, and to raise t h e g r e a t l Y n~eded f'ul)ds for their defense. A •t R k · d · .o..~ Orl).eys y.c ma.n an Kirk have.been,..e~~%ed as eop.nsel, · botll of f' b ~q.em -v eteraq.s in . lg ting th e battles of the workers- the latter, in- d eed, having served six months in jail for hi:s activities in t he San Di.ego froo :Spee.eh fl.g bt. �14 The Western Com·rade Recent scenes of the Llano del Rio Colony, Antelope Valley, California.. {1) Community Club House. Here the social activities and entertainments take place. {2) Some of the heavy draft horses in a corral. Llano possesses some excellent specimens. {3) Planting strawberries. Several acres of these luscious berries have been planted. {4) Digging lime, at Bob's Gap for use in the lime kiln. There is more than enough lime there to built the proposed dty of Llano. {5) The Montessori school. This wonderful institution, in the hands of able teachers, paves the way in the world .for the tiny tots. �15 The Weste1'n ComTade Part of the Llano del Rio Community Dairy Hen;! in a Th e 0 N e e d s NE of the most interesting 0 L 1 an o experience give their attention to this phase of the colony's development. The colony 's futme depends upon the specialization as seen in the financial department. No man is big enough, or argus-eyed enough, to see everything that this colony needs. Many men are required. The more men (and women, too ) that are here the easier will be the work. 1t is easier, proportionately, to · take care of ten thousand population than it is to feed, house and clothe one thousand. Many hands mal<~ light work. Ten thousand workers, men and women, working intelligently on Llano 's domain, in the fields a~d shops, would spell absolute economic freedom. That is, every man, woman and child would be free from the worry of getting a living, or the wherewithal to indulge leisure, education and travel. Therefore, Llano is bidding for ten thousand ardent, self-reliant, indomitable men and women by 1918. With their coming a new world psychology will be well on its way to universal adoption, that of international eo-operation , the ancient and historic goal of all great leaders. We are sanguine that within two years most of the desire will be fulfilled. And, can we support that number 1 Yes, many times over. Should Llano's land become overcrouded, millions of acres lie in this great state awaiting the magic touch of labor. Millions of acres in all the states of the Union are available for co-operative uses. Llano will be happy to be made the nucleus of a world-wide movement that means labors' emancipation from the yoke of the vicious social system. By ADELAIDE MA YDWELL things connected with the ranch at Llano is tbe interest this co-opcrath<e enterprise is exciting all over the United States. l<'rom all quarters of the compass come inquiries asking for detailed accounts of the doings at I..~lano. 1\lany of the questioners have just heard of this wonderful proposition, laid like a great thing on these slopin g acres, and ask some wierd questions. It is hard for so many, bound and shackled by the crushing competitive system, to understand that there is any place on earth where there is freedom, and when· the t hree great primary essentials, housing food and clothing ar·e the things not to be worried about. Yes, it is true that these things are thought of by some members of Llano del Rio Company. 'rh ese memhers often lie awake nights trying to figure ways and means, but the majority of the colonists arc not bothered about it. What is expected here, is for each to do his . little part, and in the aggregate a great work can be performsd. If the machinist or the .carpenter or gard<'ncr would have to be bothered with the details of financing the colony, soon their respectiv~ work would suffer, and the worry would become contagious all down the line, o everybody would spend the greater part of their time in worrying. As results over the world today are measured in dollars and cents, the Llano colony must perforce become vitally inter-ested in that thing, and work in accord with the rules laid down by ine,x:orable economic laws. ~o, men skilled and adapted by training through long f Cor~al �Hastings on the Hudson, Aprll 20.-Militiamen who were guarding a bridge leading to the plant of the National Cable Conduit Company, attacked 250 girl striker s. Six girls and a man were bayonetted. News Item. -~~-....... ......,....,..,.__ .• . r . . _.. . . ' -·:··- :-· - ~--- · .~ ...:,· .........• ... :- ·- ~:; .~ . ·' . - .. ··-~- -·-., :- :.·-· . ,: .. ·.... ·-Drawn for- The \Y est e rn Comra de by Dudley L oga n Once again the �5TR\ K E. BREA\<ER= WANTED '-•:'<~;:,~ ·.··::_-, a protects its master . ~. �18 _ . ~lope VaUey? the past two months. · Fru1ts generally over the valley should be good ~b.is year. Visitors continue to come to ;Llano. Spring is bring.:ll~~~~al unusually Ing out the meoibers held back on account of poor '~eather conditions with them: Housing conditions are still cramped aud the demand is more than · the available supply. As has beer{said before; this is to be regretL \d, ~yet it is a most ~ncou-ragilrg ·sign. · If the colony wot ld f'rcct a lot of homes and have no one to fill them, there would lw reason for discouragement. _ T!JCre arr many people indeed waiting tile opportune moment to eome to Llano. They want to be assured 1liat there will he a comfortable place for them upon their arrival. )fany arc hanging in the balance be- Twins? Well, anyway, they were born the same c1111Se of poor business conditions and the general lack of eommercial and industrial activity. Llano suffers no inactivities. Here is bustle and a!'1ivity. On_e hundred mcn c?y.ld be put to work this morning to grcat ad,·antagc. ' ln no time fi\'e hundrcd men could be so spread over Llano's land as to make the ground productive tmd the city rise like magic. The statement that ten thousand people could be taken care of here has been controverted. It was stated that we cannot take care of the people we already have. In a way this is correct, but it is more incorrect than correct, if that seeming anomoly can be understood. The reason that ten thousand people could be taken eare of is because each man and woman brings with A c t l v • 1 t • 1 e s them their native ability of By R. K. adaption and the power of getting a living plus the ·1000 or $2500., as the case may be. l\fr. Harriman has often remarked that the human is more than a perpetual motion machine-he makes Jtis own living as well as the Jiying and the luxuries of the idle. Demand create opportunities. If a demand is insistent enough, it soon win he satisfied. ~[ost of the things civilization is enjoying today has been due to the demand for better things, more conveniences. etc. If ten thousand people were set down on these slopes tomorrow they would work out their own saiYation most readily; they would house, clothe and feed themseh·es, and to the one not understanding the gi1p1t pO\Hl' that lay in the human frame, they would still sit hack and say it can't be done. The same old story of the fit·st railroad t1·ain going through the tunnel-it would miss the hole, or the Fulton stcambo'at, ''yon can't stat·t her,'' or " if you start her you can''t stop her'' has to be dispt·ovcd daily. The most impractical people, oftentimes are those that praise themselves as practical. Those that always want the eoncrete thing before t!1ey will belicYc it ca n he done, soon fall in the rear, and 1he so-called dreamers or impractical people surge on. Some day we arc going to build a city here. Th{) plans arc in the back office. day. Pressure of other necessary ·work preYents going ahead with the plans. Why 7 Because we ha\'en 't got sufficient men to do the work. \V e need mor~ men, and will continue to ask for them until these plains arl.) dotted with busy men and women, all working with a thorough understanding of the identity of interest. Formet· Mayor Alexander, .James Spellacy and Commissioner Wood of the horticultural department of the county were in the colony rerently in the interest of the fruit growers of the county. They spent a few minutes with us. They were amazed at the progress made. While these men are all students of s~ial conditions, they were hardly able to believe that a group of people could be gotten together that would work so harmoniously and produce so much in such a short space of time. �' • The · Wes'tern Comrade' a t L 1a n 0 r , t' i9 Eight acres. will be given over to s~ll fruits' ~ri'd.1 strawberries. Three acres of this tract h{\ve already' · been put in. The firs.t cuttu;g o,f alfalfa began on April 16. It is being fed to the cows with good results. Seventy acres of alfalfa have just been sown. More witl be put in from time to time. · \Vork is going on all over ·the ranch with precision and care. More actual, constructive work has been done in the last four months than bas been accomplished in the previous year. This, of course, is due to the extra number of men. Naturally we are fretful here to get on. We see so much ahead and our goal so n ear that we get anxious. More men, willing to buckle in and help construct, is the solution. Everyone who visits us now sees t his. It is not necessary to paint a dream. We have so many places to show them, On May 1 we will be two years old. Four farm houses two or three miles apart was all of Llano. A dozen or so p eople made up the population. Today .more than 650 ardent, self-reliant men and womei:t are .her.e..What may we be justified in predicting two years hence ' If a colony can make a substantial growth, such as we have in two years, from practically nothing, what may we expect in the next two years 1 W e know that labor creates all things, and many hands make light work. Last year we were 70 per cent self supporting ; this year we are confidently predicting that we will be 85 to 90 p er cent self-sustaining. Everything .is working better and easier than h eretofore. The lime kiln is completed and has started to burn lime. It has exceeded Harry \Yood 's expectations-the man who started it. It was expected that lime could be burned within 48 to 50 hours. As a matter of actual practice, lime is being taken out within 24 hours after th e f ire has played over the l'Ock. Ten tons every 48 hours will be tal\en from t he kiln, and that will more than supply the needs of the colony. The kiln is a continuous affair and will be run 24 hours a day until a sufficient quantity of lime has been made to take car e of the n eeds of the colony for some time. A good deal of the p ermanent work of the colony has been delayed awaiting a lime supply. For instance, foundat ions for houses, cobbling of the ditches and many other things have been kept Llano's Rabbits Are ~11 ;Housed and Cared For j back owing to the lack of material. A. A. Stewart has charge of the tomato patch this year . He has been leveling with the and so much along the way that has been done by the · eaterpillar and t eams for some time past on his twenty- hand of labor, that there is little hesitency on the part· acre tract back of the Montessori school, and when of the intending prespector. -The chief difficulty with fully bearing will certainly supply the colony 's wants . the average prospect'is, we find, that his economic con. dition is not such as t'o warrant his coming. and many gallons will be canned. .• · The question has been asked whether tlie ending of It is the intention to specialize as much as possible on things about the ranch. · The garden will be under the war in Europe would affect the Llano del Rio ColP. A. Knobbs, as usual, and he has done some real .ony if times go good. We think so, but to our good.· work on the garden tract back of the Tighlman place. No matter how good times are, they n ever get good There will be more than 50 acres put into potatoes enough to employ all the labor. There will be a surthis year, if calculations do not go awry. Comrade plus of labor just so long as the competitive system Xornes has taken charge of the white potatoes, about lastS. The co-operative enterprise will act as a lode :!5 acres of them, and Moss will ta~e care of the sweets. to draw the intelligent and weary fighters in ' the un: 1'wenty acres has been prepared-for the sweet'potatoes. equal game. There's such a thing as a man being a good WILLIAMS ,, �20 fighter i but there's also such a thing as knowing when you're licked. Sometimes it pays to go with the stream. Life lasts longer if it is not made up of frictions. The average man has no chance fighting alone. Protected by numbers, which when organized means power, he really is an entity, and th en can qegin to live as an individual. Th e 'l'hut·sday night dancing classes und et· th e management of George '1'. Pickett continu es to attract the younger clement and as high as a hundred coupl es grace the Hoor· and perform wondet·fully well to th e music of th e full orchestra. The orchestntl music for th ese dances is th e th e sam e as for th e regular Saturday night danc.:es. Th e children refuse to accept anything less than the best. This comes ft·om education in goo~ musi c. Growth in all linrs is made in this way, by association and absorption. We at·e constantly receiving inquiries relative to what to hring to the colony in the way of housing, house utensi ls and comforts, as well as the ldnd of clothing. If the shipm ent of the goods is not horn too great a distance, hring everything you can. You will n eed everything here. naturally, that you have hcen accustomed to using "back home." Don't imagine that hy coming to Llano life · chnn ges in nll respects. Only the economic environment, plus geogrnphical . changes. \Ve arc simply folks of the colony. \Ve all want to understand the purpose for whi ch we are here. It cannot be stated too often that th ere is but one intere t here :-that of olving the prvb- The Western Comrade The:-Llano del Ria Community now bas more than two thousand of these egg makers, and Walter Hogan, famous as a chicken expert, will take care of this department. These fowls are housed and cared for by the most scientific principles known in the chicken industry, an d results have been gratifying. The temporary town of Llano can be seen in .the background of the picture. · Hogs are pastured in large fields of alfalfa, and it is the intention of the community to enlarge the herds to many times their present size. All products will be marketed in the most concentrated form possible. Instead of selling alfalfa, they will sell it in the form of hams and bacon. Instead of selling hides, they will sell gloves and shoes. lem of getting a living, or expressing it otherwise, retaining, as nearly as possible, the . full product of our toil. We simply are taking advantage of the wonderfully efficient capitalistic · laws t o solve these problems. for us. Instead of dividing up with a group of non-re ident nonworking stockholdern, we are striving to k eep it among the work ers, wher e it by righ t ' belongs. We have changed nothin g but our economic surroundings, hence th e nece sity of sticking close to the p ersonal things you have been accu stomed to. Wh en you come Lring all the household goods you can. As ]•as been frequ ently said don 't forget th e kitchen utensils . The bedroo.m .equipment never comes amiss. Quilts, blankets and coverings are n eeded. W e sl eep und er cov ering the year round. · Hardly a night passes, even during summer, that some covering is not needed. It seems incongi'U· ous to be talking of covering th ese warm days, but we know that chill winds do hlow. This is said because on e ou ght to be as nearly independent as possible. If a p et·son wer e to develop a desert claim v e r y t h i n g needed would be taken to th e littl e shack, so that that person could live independently, like a king, in fact. By bringing everything used to, no hardship will be experienced. As for housing. The colony recently consumated one of th e most important deals in its history wh en it got pos· session of 250,000 feet of lum hPr from th e governmen t, just twelve mil es east of tlw colony. and with a downhi ll �The Western Comrade l1anl. 'l'he sawmill, with a 30,000-foot capacity, is now Pickett has secured for the enterprising colonists l•eing installed east of the new townsite, one-half mile forty acres-and, by tlle way, .f orty acr!!S is some land, rast of the center of it, and rapid progress is being when following a plow over it all day-and on it orne wade on its erection. B. J . Smith and his associates, garden is alr·e ady -planted. B efore this will be print"6d who are very much enthused over this feature of the nearly all of it will be up and in sufficient quantities t o tolony 's development, say that if t he same rates of feed aU the workers of that col9ny and tlten have a. progr ess is keP.t up for thirty days, the mill will be up surplus. The whole of the forty acres will. be cl ar d, <!ltd r eady to saw. plowed and put into fruit s, alfalfa and otlter things Conservatively .speaking, lumber for . temporary l1ousing should be sawed and r eady for building within that go to make up a first-class farm. It will all be ninety days. However, this time will be reduced if don~h the assistance of the boys and girls, direct d poHsible. lt is the intention of the mill men to build hy-nianager Pickett, who also has charge of the athletics the temporar·y, t wo-room houses in the mill yard, at- . and playground arrangements of the scho~l . The club house is already under course of constructadt the caterpillar to them and haul to wher e desired. Th ey est imate that six houses can be built in a day, tion. E. .A. \Vest, an expert mason, is directing the as all th e sizes cuts, etc., would be done insid e the rHill boys in the construction of the building. Since the lime a11d nothing hut hammers and na ils used in the yard. kiln bas been complet ed and turning out lime, work The above is what we expect confidently to be lt.n·e on this structure will be pushed to tlte limit . The lt.1· August, but in the meantime, it is advisable to bring tren ch for the foundation· has been dug by the boys, l!·nts ot· other material for making oneself comfortable. and stones placed in the bottom to make secure the The r·ca.·on fo r· suggesting this is because, as has been foundation. The building will be 54 by 110 feet. This includes a nine-foot porch running on three sides. 'l'he ~ ~~ often r ema rk ed, we a rc behind in the housing, and ,.,·erythin g lik e this helps t remendously. By doing this building is to be made of cobblestones and brick. It tit<' iue;omi ug coloi1 ists save those of us here a lot of will bP. a r egular club, with indoor gymnasium so that 111oncy and th emselves great inconvenience. There is athletics and _indoor sports can be indul ged the year 11sttally little diffi culty in getting a f rame put up for 'round. A good ball ground has been leveled off by the il tent. Conditions, too, control her e. We don 't go Ly any set and fast rul e. \Ve can 't. Conditions won't caterpillar and the boys, and weekly baseball games are Jll'l'lnit it. Until we have an abundance of t he three played. Just across the road from the club house is thin gs- foods, covering and materials for housing- · a ~ace clear ed for a t ennis court, and soon the zip of the r acquet will be heard, as wielded by the boys and •·ondition, untowar·d, as they often are, will control. However·, we fee l, that the lumber deal, shortly will girls. Pickett has seen to it that t he very best masol \'e the housing problem. vVe th en will ma.k e a strong t erials, such as baseballs, tCimisballs, bats and racquets hid for those ah·eacly waiting on the outside and eager are in r eadiness. · They employ five horses daily and it is pleasing to to join us. see how naturally the you ngsters take to fi eld work, Don 't fo r·get t hat th e Llano d el Rio Colony is but tll"o y ars old on May 1, 1916, antl wh en one con- hauling, et c. A flock of nine milk goats have a nice litsiders what has been done, we have r eason to be proud tle corn er, with Big Billy watebing his flock close oy. or our eh es. One must not forget that every ·great ot·- Eight little kids wer e presented by t he mothers last ganization had to go slow at f irst, make mistakes and month, so that t he total number of Sierra Madre Colony nt t imes appear to go backward, in other words feel its goats number 18. These are registered Swiss stock. Soon these colonists will have the care of 500 and wny. vVe all know what we want to do, and are striving to do it. \\ e wish that everyone intending coming more chickens and turkeys. .A few days ago Pickett would have this spit·it . · othing in the world could.stop procured from the Longview ranc.h , a f ew mi-les distant, a lot of little ~chicks and turkeys. 1'h·ese •will be 11s. as ind d even now, we feel that only a cataclysm ·· r ear ed on the colony 's land. t'O UJd do it. The rabhlt industry will be gone into quite exten· Sierra i.\Iadre olony ' is the high sounding name of the new colony formed by Georg~ T. Pickett and sively. The boys have a fair start now and anyone run by the boy and girls of Llano. It is her e empbat- familiar with the productivity of rabbi ts can und. ~r­ i•·ally stated that tlte girls have as much interest in this stand what soon will happen there. .All in all, we consider the most important work on •'ulony within a colony as the boys. . orne irre.v erant Jwoplc. and the writer has been accused of being that the ranch, to insure t he futu re success and maintenance P••ople. ha,•e called it the "boys : colony. " The girls of the big colony's life, is being laid in· this smaller v re ju t as much interest-ed as the boys. (Continued on Pa.ge 26) �22 The Western · Comrade The Montessori S _ystem b e 1 i e v e with quietly about setting the tables. By MILDRED G. BUXTON Whitman that the and pr paring the meal. W'he.11 work of teaching is august, the demands this is done and a cafeteria line form d, the hot soup or · obdurate; but our reward, which is al- rice, or wJta.tever is served car_eiully carried to the ' ready in sight, surpasses our fondest place, a sight greets one that i almo t awe in pirin<> in its promise for the future. To one accustom d under dreams. We have the Montessori Children's capitalism to the habit of each fellow for himself and House with an average daily attendance the devil take the hindmost, the sight of forty little of forty and the wonderful results already showing pairs of hands folded and waiting, not at a word of at the end of six months, satisfy us tha.t we are well · command, but from the inner knowledge that all huve along the right track towards true· Edu_cation. not yet been served, so that no on e i willinu to begin, Fot· so many year·s educators have been divided as it is a sight, I say again, to thrill one. to wh<•thcr society or th e individual should be developed 'l'here is no attempt made here to teach the children and changed first to make an ideal world, and the what we older ones know ; the didatic material used ~encral conditions today show how far they have ad!faches principles and the applica tion is made by th varH:Pd when the two th eories were followed sppnr:-----Child. In other words, we merely provide a support ate ly. C for the little tendrils to clin g to as they grow straight We, in aeeo rdan cc with the Montessori idea, are and strong, and that the tendrils do r each out and take "givi ng tlu~ <:hi ld to him se lf ;" cou ld anything be more hold even highet· and hi gher is shown every day. glori ous for him 1 Jn accordance with our Colony ideal Manners, as such, a.re not taught, but ·when a Jittl of eo-oprration, we are working together to make So- three-year old tums to a companion who is carrying a <·ir.ty what it should be fo r this roundly-developed, bench and says, with a bea tiful smile, "May I help well·poist•d individu al; could anything be more glor- yo u carry it 1" we know that the spirit, which actuates ions for· Society 1 good mann ers is at work and we rejoice. When it group The individual and soeicty develop together, each for goes out silently to see som e yellow roses growing ··b ethc other. lsn 't it a wond erful r ealization of our hind one of the t ents neat·hy, and a wee one, with an dreams? ecstatic expression says, "It Children allowed to develop is shining in its small corner, _ isn't it ?" we are sure the coron this atmosphet·c from t heit· babyhood cannot fai l to be By JOHN DEQUER relation is p erfect and even if stt·ong lights on the road that stereotyped expressions are 0-0PERA'riON of the worket·s is leads to freedom for us all. the only cure for th e insanity of omitted occasionally, we know W c believe t he old law of t he militarism. When your mind is upon th e littl e soul is awake and survival of the fittest will have construction for yourself, you have no with fhe possibilities we have uo application here,· because time to think of the destruction of here for development, we rest individuals seeing t he way and others. content. allowed to develop themselves Co-operation is the only cure for When a l"ttl e fellow, whose poverty; for when you produce and conto their fullest capabilities sume your products in such a way that previous condition was quite r annot help but be fit. there is no waste or graft, you can haYe otherwise, came to school with For the wee ones from two pl enty and to spare. a suit of clothes and shoes and a half to six, we have a Co-operation is the great ant~dote for properly buttoned, a clean six-room house with large yard disease, as it relieves the mental strain folded handkerchief in a new, of the individual struggle. It reduces surrounded by cottonwood the excessive hours of labor. It eliminconvenient pocket, we saw that trees. Swings, and tables, th ~ ates the incentive to the poisoning of the body was greatly relieved horizontal bar and balls profood-hence it is conducive to general and events proved that the vide opportunity for free play. health. . mind and soul were also freed ; Co-operation is a spiritual force in in fact, his spiritual developThe big yard allows plenty of that it calls mankind from every walk room to serve the noon meal of life into one organization for their ment be.g an from that day, and out of doors and it is an evercollective benefit. It is the tie that from a troublesome child, who i n c r e a sin g inspiration to binds our hearts in brotherhood. was a real menace to .o thers, watch · the little ones moving (Continued .on P:a ge 27} Co-Operation C �,., .s..~:cf~ c ... i ;. a ..r.·.n F ·,.··.:··a-"·_ ·- -r p· · dej>'lorable . condi. !'. 'phiios~phies. it'is a propaganda o;By JOB HARRIMAN tion in which \ve find , g'anizatiori.' It is resolving itself into the Socialist Par'ty, calls for a frank and -.a 'school, ip.stead of a flghtin~ machine. It seeks to el~ct open discussion of its policies, the cause officers . to carry out: ideas and ideals rather than to of its impotency and the changes neces- protect 'interests and develop instituti~ns. · · sar·y to he made in order to r evive and As ·a purely political · o'rganii~:tion, acting indeinvigorate it, and to make it a power pendent of all industrial and· economic movinnenis,· ·t he in the Labor· :Movement. '!.'hat the con- Socialist Party 'can do but little. The officials elected dition is deplorable there is no question. When 'a by the Soc;alist Party not o·n1y have to 'contend ,~!th gTeat labor organization loses 50 per cent of its mem- the officials elected by the other parties -but t hey ·also ht·rship in four years; wh en, for want of fu nds, it is have to contend 'vith the economic 'ai:Id industrial in··ompelled to withdraw its organizers from the field; terests of the land with which those officials a~e vitally to re>duce tlw amount of cash to be expended in the connected and by which they are co-n trolled. The offipuhlication of its literature and to curtail expenses by cials elect ed by the other parties are supported by all n•ducin g th e fon·e in its national office, in th e face of t he economic and industri_al power of the country, in the needs of th e hour ; there is something f undamen- their effort to make such rules as will tend to protect ta lly wrong with its policies, its methods and its plan and multiply those powers. While the officials of the · of organization. Socialist Party, representing a purely political organizaA great labor organization ? Perhaps th e Socialist tion, strive to enact such rules as may conform to the !'arty is not a great labor organization. P erhaps it principlrs :md th eories of t hat organization ; wer e they is only a quasi-labor organization, with a strong t en- vitally conn ect ed with and controlled by gr·eat indusdeney to become ever· less and less a labor movem ent trial and economic movements, their, efforts would be and more and more an intellectual and quasi-religious direct ed toward enacting such rul es as would protect moYement. and multiply the power of such movements. The prinAs a matter of fac t, this intellectual, religious l'iplcs and theories of t he party would then become tf· ndency is precisely what is deYeloping in the Socialist manifest as the power of those movements is developed. Part~'· It is, as rapidly as possihlt:>, developing the spirit nf the old SociaList-IJabot• Party. The dominant idea st•(•ms no longer to he-" Wiu1t .. an we do ?" but " I s he •·lea r?" The more the fo rmer rr=========· === ========ii Without such powet· being idea is frown ed upon and the latt er emphasized, the more purely intellectual, idealistic and fa natical the movement hecomes. If p ersisted in, long rnough, th ese id eas will resolve thrmselves into a Tobogan sli de, upon which th e party will ride backward to its place of beginning. It is now moving rapidly in that directiQJl . The fundamental weakness of the Socialist Party lies in thr fact that it stands alone and without a vital connection the accompli hments o,f the officials elected by t he Socialist Party, with but · fe'r exceptions, have bee and must · ·continue to be meager and of hut slight importance. If the effects of their· meager uccomplishments would · end t here, the damage would not 'oe so g reat. B ut w h en t 11e general public, as well as the membership of the party, observe the fact, it tu rns the puhli c away and strikes palsy in the hearts of th e member- wi th any economic or indusmovement. Its found at ion is laid in theories and t t·ial. The Dream Fulfilled .By MARGUERITE HEAD Q TOll..JER, let thy soul ascend Beyond th e pain and sordid things For just a littl e space, today; Through Dreamland ·s portals let it wend A sunlit."·ay On soaring win gs. Ft·om Dreamland's qnanirs we may hew Th e noblest shapes the world has known ; Great monuments of work or art Are hut the fo rms of dreams come true ; • So make, Sad Heart, One dream thine own: A commonwealth of love and t ruthWhite cities fair, thy mind shall build , Wh ere joy combines with busy hands ; This dream bequeath thy rising youth, And lo! there stands Th e dream fulfilled! vitally connected with, and having control over it, the Socialist Party never will ltave power to greatly modify existin g institutions. It is for this r eason that sh ip. It is the inherent weakness of the party that is sounding �24 The Wes t e rn Comrade its death knell. Weaknel!S not only begets contempt, action is only an instrtllllent of warfare. The strike in the minda of our enemies, but it causes despair in the boycott, co-operation and nume.r ous other means IU'e our own minds. If the psychology of despair is de- likewise employed. A political party must be a practical fighting maveloped in the labor movement, disintegration will not only set in but an era of aestruction will follow. chine for what the class wants now. What it wants The development of power alone will inspire the labor hereafter will come hereafter, if the class gets what it movement to inaugurate a constructive political and wants now, and not otherwise. The economic and inindustrial policy. There is nothing so deadening as dustrial movements must use every available device, pessimism in th e movement. Indeed, .pessimism is only means and method to iricrease their power. Power is a process of decay. All nature is an optimist during its the sole desideration. All things come with it. Hence, period of growth. It is a pessimist when decay sets in. whatsoever method, means or device multiplies the Th e labor movement and th e Socialistr Party are not power of the industrial and economic movements is missing links. Th ey are not e~ceptiol!S. To prevent justifiable, is right, nay, is necessary. E conomic and industrial · movemen.ts purify thempessimi sm and decay, th ey must develop power. With pow er comes a ll things. It - works ·wonders in the .selves in proportion to their action. A movement that mov ement. With it co mes hope, without which no delegates its power, political or economic, becomes corrno vemcut ca n survive. Hope carries with it a will and rupt. The tempt~tions laid before the agent becomes a determinati on to do and a feeling of confidence and too great to withstand. If, however, the votes of the l't·llowship that arouses th e fellowship of an organiza- movement are bound up with its interests in the same . tion to it ~ maximum effic iency. Hope is th e psychol- mann er and degree as are the strikeS' and boycotts, and ogy or S III'! ' I'SS. Despair th e psychology of failure . Hope are used and handled by t he movement in the same · and powt·r· go haud in hand to victory. W eakness and manner and fo r the same purpose fo r whi ch the strikes des pair It-ad hut to tire g ra ve. An intellectual, quasi- or boycotts are used, th en th e movement-will become as rc ·li gious pnliti eal party, detach ed from economi c and in c orruptihl ~ in its politica l activiti es as it is in it~ industrial rno VL' IIIl' nt s, eau ouly J cvelop weakn ess and economi c activiti es. It is a well established fact that th e labor movement has lost less money by embezzl ement dc ·spair and I'IHI i11 fanaticism and failure. i\ politi<·al party t·an hecome powerful ouly in pro- or other dishonest means than has any oth er known or·portion as it is in t hP hanJs of and controlled and used ganization , not except banks, secret or·ganizations or hy powt>rful <•e onomic and industrial mov ements. It churches. Not only does a movement in action, like running nlu st. IH· an instrum eut of warfare in their hands an{1 nt tllt'ir hidJin g aud command at all times. lt must wat e1·. purify itself, but it also develops its own pronot. h<· an id ea li st movement only; it must also be a g ram. Just as th e water runs down hill and makes its fighting machin e. It must fight- first ' for im.meitiate own channel in which to mn, so, also, will th e indusin tc r·csts, and second for ideals. It must be an in- trial and economic organizations seek the lin e of least sepal'ltb lc par·t of th e industrial and economic mov e- resistance and th ereby define th eir lin e of march. If rnc;tts. 'l'h e same mrn, th e same interests. the sam e t he mo v-ement is in action, it can no more depart from struggle, fi1·st, last and forever must be involved. This its interests than can water run up -h ill or the f orce of old, on<>-arm ed argum ent must be forgotten. "'l'he gravity cease to operate. ThP.re can n ever be a corunions one ar·m, " " th e Socialist Party the other arm" is ruption fund large enough to cormpt a movement, prorotten to th e core. Th e only part of the working class vid ed th e movement is in full charge of and directing worthy l'f conside1·ation in respect to being a fighting its activities. The reason is that th e interests of every force is the organir.ed portion. Th e rest is a rop ~ of movement are worth more to it than to any oth er boay. snnJ. Only a. th ey are organized are they worth con- Purchases, corrupt or oth erwise, are only made with a sid ering a a social factor. Hence a politi cal party is margin of g!Jin in view. The fear of a corrupt labor not on e a rm ; hut it should be and must be' an instru- party is groundless and without force. How could th e mPnt in th e hands of the ~rganized portion of the capitalists, who are fu lly in charge of th eir own politica l elass, if it is eve r to avail the _clas!l. A party dominated machinery, cormptly enact laws contrary to their own h) non-m<'mbers of the industrial and economic organi- interests ? Will th e working class do less if their ecozations, however intellectual, can never effi ciently .aid nomic and political interests are mer ged? t hose organizations. The party must not dominate, nor It is for this r eason that th e economic and induslend. nor function separately. The economic and in- trial organizations must form the basis of the succesli· d nstJ•inl mo' cments are inherently vital.. In them and ful working class political party of the future. 1heir activitie nre .involved the means ~f subsistence. By th e economi c and industrial organizations is ·Out of th m arise th advantages comforts and luxur- meant the labor unions. found ouly in the cities and of the cln by which they are controlled. Political towns of the land. and the various eo-operatin enter- �T'lt e ·.We s tern Co in r ad e prises, found not only in the cities and towns, but also th roughout the country and farming districts. The interests of both these movements are substantally identical. Each should largel:y supply the market for the other's output, by exchanging their products upon an agreed basis, while the one would become the t·ommissary for the other in times of indu-strial struggles. Th ese city and country co-operative enterprises tan be so bound up with the labor unions, in their ext·hanges and in th eir political activities, that their intl'rests would become absolutely identicaL Each union and each co-operative enterprise, or such members of such organi7.ation as may desire, shoul¢1 form a branch of the political party, over which th ey lshould have absolute control and whose mission should be to further such measures as would add or tl'nd to add power to these movements. It is plain to Sf'C that the psychology of such a political organization would, as at all times, it should, be identical with the psychology of the labor unions and the co-operative enterprises. In other words, the three movements 11·ould constitute practically one fighting machine, on the alert at every point to protect the interests of the producing classes and to develop their institutions. The inherent strength of such an organization exists in the fact that both the labor unions and the co-operative enterprises are outgrowths of the capitalist system 25 and ·by it are forced into action. Individual;~, acting alone, are so helpless when confronted with the great industrial and commercial enterprises that they are compelled to join with their fellow men for sheer self preservation. Though they are, by the burdens they impose, developing the very power that will eventually ov.erthrow them, yet these mercantile and industrial enterprises cannot change their course. Capital knows but one course and that is the accumulation of more capital. Every dollar ac'cumulated must draw interest, and every dollar <if interest drawn m~st in turn draw interest, until the accumulated profits ·and interest become an unbearable burden imposed by the few upon the millions. In the meantime, the efficiency of the milliops depends upon their industrial, co-operative organizations and the power ·of their own political party to make them legahnstitutions. It is apparent that the ·vital working force of this political organization would be composed of the members. of the unions· and the co-operators. Yet arrangements sliould be made for the admission and participation of men not eligible to the membership of the unions. They would probably find an open door into such enterprises. . Doubtless an organization of this character would insist that ail journeymen eligible to membership in any (Continued on Page 27) T h e s t r estusensegof thatgword.1 Con-e G r e a t struggle is the T HEgreatclassstruggle. By -EDMUND R. BRUMBAUGH tact with vice is not conduNone other can compare with it. Most other struggles are parts of it.or are governed by it. Great issues are inYolved 'in it; great principles are at stake. Upon the outcome depends the further development or utter decay of civilization. The class struggle, beginning with civilization, has iuer·ease in intensity as civilization has grown and de\'<'loped. As the years come and go (llass lines become more clearly marked, the issue more sharpie defined. The conflict of Capital and Labor in industry arid politil's takes on new vigor as both sides realize its importance. More and more the prize for the victor becomes the entire ownership and control of industry. In struggle is the secret of racial advancement. Much of it in the past has been accompanied by trial and har·dship and suffering untold, but such have not been ~s ~ P ntial to advancement; ·the principal work of the trial and· hardship and suffering has been but to hinder. Starvation is never the secret of cqaracter and achievem•:nt. Poverty does not promote efficiency in the high- cive to virtue nor need be proper appreciation of the good things of life. When men_rise much above the brutes of the ju:1gle, they will eliminate the cruelty and tragedy of the jungle from their affairs. Field for struggle will remain, struggle that will . develop instead of degrade, struggle that will lift up instead of crush down. The human struggle should be on a high plane to be worthy of humanity. It is enough to engage every energy to struggle for more intelligence, more uprightness, more usefulness; in short, for the finer, more enduring attributes. The doctrine of the class struggle has been much denounced. Theodore Roosevelt called "class consciousness·" "a hateful thing. " But out of. this "hateful thing," notwithstanding, will blossom the loveliest flowers of heart and mind and soul. Out of the class struggle will come the end of classes, out of an imperfect industrial system a more perfect one, out· of discord harmony, out of strife peace. �26 The · Western Comrade PEARSON'S. Activities at Llano colony . 'l'he diversion and interest offered the boy and girl, and the practical education to be gained is the only Magazine · 1'rom the actual working out of of its kind . farming, building, drawing, care of stock, botany and othet· bran~hes This is why:usually taught in a dry-as-dust Three years ago Pearsdn's decided to in the schoolroom, can here be a free magazine. · · manner be learned and lived; and the fortunate boy and girl will never feel This is what it did:like tearing away to seek new ABANDONED FANCY COVERS scenes and environm ut as is usual CUT OUT COLORED PICTURES on the farms scattered widely ADOPTED PLAIN PAPER throughout the country. vVhat is ·aimed at by Pickett and his colThis was the purpose:- leagues is to provide an interest, a A plain form would enable the magsomething that will grip the growazine to live on its income from subing mind and mould it into a con~ scriptions and monthly sales. It structive useful thing, to make citiwould not have to consider the effect zens worthy of any place or any on advertisers when it wanted to print country. the truth about any public question. The famed Montessori methods This was the result:arc to be worl<ed into, so that the Pearson's now prints the truth about larger boys and girls, as well as the some question which affectsyourwelfully gr·own, may receive the benfare in e~ery issue. It prints facts efit of t hat wondel'ful educational system. which no magazine that deTo show that the work of Pickett pends on advertising could and his ardent following is being "afford'' to print. appreciated. it wil l be interesting to lmo"· that in far-off Scranton." And, with all this, Pearsons still prints PrnnsylviJnia, 1\fiss Gladys Price of as much fiction and entertainment 1717 Rwrtland street. inquires of articles as other magazines. If you him .iust wh at is doing and asl<s want plain facts instead of pretty pictures ·buy a copy on the news fhllt she he nut in communication stand for 15 cents, or subscribe by ~· itb somr girl member sons to hll\'1' the year for $1.50. By special arrangement with Pearson's we are able to make you the following clubbing offer. OBEHT MINOR, cartooni. t You can get both PEAR· and journalist, spent three SON'S MAGAZINE and months in the thick of the fighting THE WESTERN COM · RADE for one year by in F r·a nce, England, Switzerlaud, sending $1 .00 to Italy, and a shor·t way into Germany, covering th war from eYcry The Western Comrade :mgle. I-ljs observations are a ter924 HIGGINS BLDG. ribl e indictm ent of the cll rnage, and LOS ANGELES, CALIF. . his .car toons hot shots at the demon · Mili tarism. In response to many r equests, twenty-four of his best cllr toons have been put into book form and publish ed by 'rhe New York Cnll, to sell at 25 cents per copy. They made into switches for lire t he mo t powcr·ful llrgllment one dollar, and up, agajnst war· that has yet been propostpaid. d uced in this countr·y, in any form. • Work guaranteed. \Ve m·gc every one of our r eaders to order a copy by addressing The MRS. E. TURNWALL New York Call , 444 Penrl street, Llano, Cal. New York City. Continued from page 21 a closer touch with this great·human interest problem. 1\i(iss Price writes : Mr. G. T. Pickett, • Llano del Rio Company, Llano, Calif. Dear Sir : Being interested in the Colony o'f Llano, and having read considerable in The Western Comrade, I wr ite to ask you if you would kindly do me a favor. I desire to com. municate with a girl about my age, g rade in school, whom you think w ill be willing to correspond with me, Jiving in the colony. I am 15 years of age, .and in the first year of high school. I enclose s'elf-addressed, stamped envelope and thank you for any trouble which you may assume in my behalf. , l\Iiss Price will be put in communication witp a very charming young lady about her own age, who will doubtless conduct a spirited correspondence, for the · latter is thoroughly imbued JVith the pirit of co-operation. and constructiveness. 'l'he Sierra Madre 'Colony r equests letters and ;inquiries and everyone will receive considerate and respectful attention. Do not fail to get next month 's magazine whi ch will tell of the May Day celebration. Subscribe now. ii you do not want to 111is this intere ting number. War Pictures by Robert Minor R Your Combings The new valume, whi,ch is now on sale, is quarto size, cream deckleedged paper, the best calculated to lH·ing out sharply the merits of the charcolll drawing. We might say that the presentation is artistic iQ the highest degree, saying nothing of the quality of t he contents. . The contents deal wholly with scenes sketch d on t he spot along the Fr·e11ch battlefront by Minor ~111d are the best and most striking, ca refullv selected from the collection. we need only add that of all the multitudes of war pictures that have been sketched, iinor's ea ily stand in the fo refront. In a recent exhibition of ~var pi<'tures in Holland the only Amet·ican pictures shown were the cartoons of Rohert Minor,· Am·e rica's foremost charcoal cllrtoonist. �T''h e W e~ s· t e -r n, C o m The Montessori System he became an individual, with proper co-ordination between mind, spirit and body, and a correspondingly useful member. of the school gro11p. The mental d evelopment is quite a~ remarkable-there is no clas tPat:hing-it is all done in small l!roups, and while much credit is due to the Montessori system, I fl·el it but fair to say that the dirt·dress of our school is a woman in a million for the work. HaYing just t•durnr!-1 f rom a v isit to anumhr·r of othrt· school s in the county, l ('anw hack happy, and satisfied that out h r re on t his beautiful de~­ •·rt. in spite of thr ilrawbacks to· liYi ng eornf'orts, as c·i ty '(!,yell ers llllll r·rstanll tlll•m , :mel whi ch at·e T conHoued £com pag;e a. ti e 2.a always atte:ndant upon any pioneering venture, we are doing the mo t wonderful work, that of entering into the Ill of the' child and giving him hi full inheritance at the beginning of his life to work with. Is. it not evident that children who had ]if so broadly opened to them from the first will go farther and have le s to r egr t as the years go on 1 There will be no ground in the liv s of our children from which 'to Jook back and criticize the t eachings that harrowed th m to N't.'taih cr eeds and belief and to r egret the wasted years that with gt'Ntter knowl edge might liave been spent working for humanity with the spit·it whose motto is. "Each for All and All for Each.'" laho t· union should j\)in sneh uniou tivc nwvem ents. Indeed, no other ht·l'ot·c he cou ld helong to th e po- position would be taken by the In this litil'nl organizat ion . Oup of the moYemcnts themselves. most fruit Cul sOliT' I'PS of disension fa ct would lie their safety. Such i11 the ~ocinlist Party ha s been the an organization wot;tld enter the f:11·t that anti-union men were ad- fields as do all the Buropean labor mitted to memhet·ship. ·when a and Socialist movements and conRt rik c was ca ll ed t hese men " ·ould durt itself in the sure, practical fn•q ncntl .v r efuse to walk out with manner. It would forget its loug, th e union men Ot' would do worse, ted ious p t·ograms, fixed creeds and 1111tnrly. tal<e their places on the settled catachisms, and would .ioh. ·'l'h et·e have been in the ·or- prepare · its platforms as the !!11 11 ization some genuine scabs. neegs of the hour demand. ImSotnr of them were doubtless sent med iate ci r cumsta nces would utTickets into the party by the enemy for no ter th e ca II to action. oth er purpose thau to l' ep the So- would he named at the orima.;ies l'ia list Party and the Jabot• unions het·e as they are at the first elecapart.. o easier nor more suc·cess- tioll . in Europe. At the fin a 1 fu l method could l1e employed to elections ll et·e, as in Europe, th e divide the two movem ents than to party wo"uld support whomsoever inject scabs into the Socialist seemed most lik ely to protect its Party. Such a com-. e would be intere. ts. I think I hear "fusion," impo siblc und er the character of as if it ·wer e a crime. This is not fusion, hut it is a eparate organizaoqxanization above outlined. tion. using , every available method ~ot only wopld it b n eces arYfOJ: such n political organization to to incrca. e its power. The labor hr very ·w atchful in regard .to the movement enter into compromises intrrest of the e two movements, without nd. but it does not fuse. hut in addition thereto the pur- On the outrary an employer canposes of the movement should be not belonJ! to it. With all its com It hrond as our national life. A . f'romi es, it lines are more rigidly mowment of such power would drawn in re ard to its membership find it neces ·a ry to take a reason- than are the lines of the . ocialist llhle po·s ition upon every i sue of Party in r gard to its memberslrin. Tht> union!': admit no one to memnntional importance. economil' int~rests . uch n: position would lnnre to ibe her~hio wlm t41 kr.n w1tlt it view alway: to tf1~ conflict with th-ein;. while the oint'l'rest of Ute labor ,a nd co-op ra- eiali t Party admits men of. what- What th.e War Really·Means([ WAR is a pitile;s revealer o£ · motives. - ' ([The present war is a struggl~ for economic supremacy be~ tween the capitalist interests of various nations. ([ But-what are the> deeper economiccau•e.l The. ''law of motion" driving the nations to slaughter? -SOCIALISM AND WAR By LOUIS B. BOUDIN Aolloor ti " TH llttttlltol lyalt• tl IIIII M1n." ([ This book tells you, in a popular but thoroughlY. scientific ' way. ([ "Socialism and War" has attracted attention in Europe and America. Boudin is a great Marxian scholar. His explanation of ,the economic basis of Imperialism is superb. ([ No scientific jargon - a clear intelligible .tudy of Socialism , Capitalism a n d War. Price $1.10, Postpaid You can get this remarkable book in comlJination with the Western Comrade for $1.2!i . Make all checks or money or. ders payable to The Western Comrade 924 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal . Relinqui&hment 160 acres on Pacific Highway, In Summer Lake Valley, . .11outbern Oregon. Daily R. F . D.; telephone and transmission line past door; 300 rod barbed wire fence; 10 acres cultivated, apple trees aJJ.d. some berries; house, barn. good water, team, harness, wagon, all kinds of tools; price ~900, or will trade for stock In Llano del Rio Company. C. SWENSON Paisley Oregon �28 The Western C omrade THE WESTERN COMRADE soever interest or calling and puts every phase, is opposed to war. But them in positions of importance preparedness is coming and will and control. Doubtless intellec- .soon be here. In my humble opinEntered as aecond-clua matter at the poet oftlee at Loa Angelea, C&l. tuals of any class would be admit- ion. the movement should annoUQce ted to membership in such party, its opposition to war · and to pre924 Higgins Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. but with the labor and co-operative . paredness but facing ·what is bound Subscription 'Price Fifty Cents a. Year movements in control, the intellec- to happen, insist that if we must tuals would be required to serve prepare, then let all the citizens be In Clubs of Four Twenty-five Cents and not to dictate. In this posi- armed. Job lfarriman, Managing Editor tion they would become a vital and We should propose and inFrank E . Wolfe, Editor .most useful factor. sist that our movement should enUnder such an organization no ter the army not as individuals but Frank H . Ware, Associate Editor such ridiculous spectacle coufd bi as an organization ; that we officer Vol. Ill April , 1916 No. 12 "made of the .movement as is now our. own forces ; that we are, if . being done. On the one hand the necessary for our country, against Statement of t!1e Owr:ership, M a nagement, ~ Socialist Party is unqualifiedly all enemies, whether they .be forCi r cul atio n. etc., requl.red by the. Ac~ o! Con- · : and unconditionally opposing the eign or dom·estic and that if we ~r ess of Au~ust 24, 1912, of preparedness of war theory, while must take up arms we will take THE WESTERN COMRADE the organized labor movement is them up against all enemies alike. supporting it. . We -would then turn the preparedPulJIIshed monthly at Los Angeles, Cal iforni a, for April 1, 1916. Were the two organizations one . n ess theory at least to some extent movement, one position would be to our interests. State of Nevada, Cou nt y of Washo e, ss. B e fore m e, a notary in and for th e state and · taken . Better, by far. take either To say t11at such a position is coun ty aforesaid, p e r sona ll y appeared Frank position and be solidly together untenable is to no purpose. The E. \\ro lfe, wh o , having been duly sworn acthan to be divided and take two. labor movement of Mexico, now co rding t o law, det>oses a nd says that h e Is would correct the mistake only two or three years old, has th e e<.l!tor of Th e W es t ern Com rad e. and that ·Time and its power would r emain if not only adopted .this course, but th e following Is, to the best of his knowledge and beli e f , a tru e statem ent of the owner- . the movement is not divided. has actually carried it out and is s hip, mnnagement (and If a dally paper, the It goes without saying that the now a powerful ' factor in the afcircul a tion). et c .. of the aforesaid publicalabor movement, and this includes fairs of state. ti o n for th e date shown In th e abov e caption, ~43 r equ!r·ed by th e Act of August 24, 1912, em bodi ed in section H3, Posta l L a ws and Regu- lalio)1S, printed o n th e r e ,· e rse of this form, to-wil: I. Th a t th e names a nd addresses of th e JHJbll s h er, manag-Ing editor, a nd business are: P u blish er, .Job Harrim an, 1nanage rs Llano, Ca l.; ed itor, Frank E. 'Volfe, 1840 N. NtH·manrlle, L os Angel es, Cal.; m a naging edtt or , .Tob Harrima n. Lla no. Cal.; business m a na gers. Frank H. Ware, 6316 Longvi ew . Ave., L os A ngel es. Cal. 2. 'J'ha t th e owners are: (Give names and addresses of individual o wn ers, or, If a corporation, give its name and the names a n d addresses o f stockhol ders owning or holding 1 p er cent or more of th e tota l a mount or st ock .) J ob Harriman, Llano, Cal. 3. That. th e known bond ho lders, mortgagees. and o th er security h ol ders owning or holdin g 1 per cent or more or total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: (It th ere are n on e, so s tate.) None. 4. That the two paragraphs n ext above, giving th e na m es of the owners, stockhol ders, and security h old ers, If ahy, contai n not on l y th e list or stockh olders a n~ security h ol ders as th ey appear upon th e books of the co mpany but a lso, tn cases wh ere the stQckh ol der or security holder appears upon the books of th e company as trust ee or In n .n y other fiduciary r elation, the name of the person or corporation for wh om such trustee Is acting, Is given; a lso that th e said two paragraphs contain statements embracing affiant's 1'ull kn owledge a nd belle! as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockhOlders a nd security h olders who do not appear upon the hooks o f th e company as trustees, hold stock and securities In a capacity other th a n that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has n o r eason t o believ e that a n y other person, as" soclatlon. or corporation ha s any Interest direct or Indirect In th e said stock. bonds, or o th er securities than as so stated by him. FRANK E. WOLFE, Editor. w orn to and subscribed before m e this 24th day or l'ifarch, 1916. (Seal) E. G. EGGLESTON. My commissi on expires March 15,_1921. Startl .n 1 g About 90 per cent of the first and second c la ~s mail, such as sealed letters, newspapers and. magazines, be·longs to big business. Third-class • mail, such as circulars or advertising, practically all belongs to big business. . 'fhe workers -hav e nothing to sell , except labo r power, consequently they have no n eed of advertising.-J ohn l\Iarshall. *** Th e past few years have witnessed a determined endeavor on the part of the business world to p erpetuate prosperity. the idea being, that it is not possible to have too much of a good thing.-Sco,t,t ~earing. * * * S t a t e m e nts The best jobs in the country are r eserved fo r those whose parents can educate them, and any boob can go through high school and college if his fathe r has the money.-f'rof. Leiserson. ** * The churches have turned their basements into military drill rooms and th e pulpits are used by paid servants of the rich, to find "divine'' excuses for war.-J. E. Snyder. *** Epis~opal figures show that it cost them $1316 to convert a souLClement Wood. * * * . It is really remarkable what great military talent the war has developed in the Socialist Party of the United States.-Henry L. Slobodin. You can learn some good qualities even from a butcher.-John 1\L Work. * * * Revolutionary thought is spr ading very quickly.-Einer Ljunge· berg. Capitalism's puny puppets in Congress are going to give a lesson in solidarity the workers would ·do well to emulate.-Guy Bogart. * * * May Day means very little to the men and women on t h e other siae of the ocean just now.-Joseph E. Cohen. *** Today we are comradeL in ever;v language known to men.-Eugene V. Debs. *** May is the month for evoluti on and revolution.-Horace Traubel �The Western Com.rade 29 Hell is Mild Compared By Harvey E. Westgate WE hear a lot of chatter from • . the men who preach and pray, on the fate which will befall us ii we sin along the way. How the devil will consume us with his everlasting fire, if we drink and cuss and tatry as we skid along the mire. But this hell is almost heav'en, when compared to other spots, which in future we will label as the l'arth 's most dreadful blots; where the kings and queens and kaisers spill the blood . oi babes and men, \r here they butcher wives and mothet·s in their human slaughter pen. }'or the devil only tortures human heings who are vile, just the most degraded creatures, just the kind he thinks worth while, and he passcb hy the babies, and the saints who toe the scratch, as he piles up coke and brimstone and applies his hellish match. But the kings and queens and kaisers play no favorites at all, for they grind up babes and children and they grind them awful small; and they gouge out ryes of maidens, as they give a fiPndish yell, and proceed with other pastimes wh ich the devil bars in hell. Oh, hell is not so bad a place, as some would have you think, not near as vile and rotten as the land of queen and ''kink''; it's ltot, no doubt, and sultry, where the sinners net as fuel, but tame if we compare it with the land of royal mle. Save Your Old ·CarpetS Llano Rug Factory Llano, California The Most Complete Rug Factory on the Pacific Coast Employing Expert Weavers · BEAUTIFUL AND DUR1ABL.E RUGS Can be made from your old Ingrain, Brussels, Moquette and Velvet Carpets or Rugs. Old Chenille Curtains or Table Covers make desirable rugs. We also weave Rag Carpets, Rugs and Art Squares of every size and style. . Ruga Made from Old Carpets Size 24x36 27x54 30x60 3x 6 4x 7 6x 9 8x10 9xl0 9x12 Price $1.00 1.50 1.65 2.25 3.75 6.75 9.75 10.75 12.75 Lbs. Lbs. Ingrain· Brussels 5 6 8 9 10 9 11 12 16 18 32 35 45 50 50 60 60 70 We pay, freight one way Rag R.ugs and Art Squares Size 24x36 27x54 30x60 3x 5 3x 6 4x 7 6x· ~ 8x10 9x10 9x12 Price $ .50 .65 .75 .75 .90 1.65 3.30 5.00 5.60 6.60 Lbs. Rags 2 2lh 3 3 4 7 12 17 18 24 ( 200 miles) on orders amounting to $5.00 or over. Ask About the Llano Special Rug "The Pest"; Other Plays Ship direct to the Rug . Department MANUEL JULIUS informs us that three of his one-act plays will soon be on the presses and rrady for distrihution under the 1itle of "The Pest, and Other Plays.'" In "The Pest," the writer pok es fun at American novelists. 'rhis play contains a thorough criticism of American literary a~t in a form .that ;viii .be attractive. His S\·cond play, "Slumming,'' is frank!~· a Socialist's opinions on presentday conditions. The third, "Adolrscence,'' is a plain nonsense with a grain of sense in it. Our r eaders are advised to ·s end dil'l·ct to Emanuel Julius, Box 125, Girard, Kansas. for a copy of these plays. There is no desire to make n profit. Persons who forward their order at once may get a copy for only 25 cents. Take advantage of this offer now. Llano del Rio Co., Palmdale, Cal. E · A TEMPTING OFFER Hundreds of subscriptions are pouring Into the circulation department of (he W estern Comrade through combination ol'fers. This month we have several new ' ones added' to the ilst. Would you like to get THE NATIONAL RIP-SAW .vlth the Western Comrade at a reduction? Just send eeventy-tlvc cents to the circulation department of the WESTERN COMRADE, 924 Higgins Bldg., I..os Angeles, Cal., and be placed on the mailing list of both magazines for one year. Telephone. Home A-4633 HARRIMAN & LEVIN Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Bulldllll Los Angeles, Cal. Home A-2003 Main 618 A. J. STEVENS Dentist 306 South Broadway· Room 6H Los Angelea, Cal. �, The Western Comrade 30 Women's Magazines p e r • 1 s c 0 p By EMANUEL J ULIUS 1 n g s The Western Comrade has arHOSE monarchs in Europe who MonstrQus evils always disguise ranged several good combinatalk about God being on their themselves with lots of pomp an d tion offers for the benefit of its side forget they can 't spell Gold ceremony. \Var covers its barbarity women readers. Among them · without an "1. " Oh, L! with gay colors, flags and decoraare: I · wager a hot water bottle that tions. Add thrilling music to the Today 's magazine and Mca certain gentleman-in Chicago fa- dash of gorgeous color and the Call 's, both with the Western vors preparedness with th e follow- beast marches through our streets Comrade for one year ·for $1.25. · ing . argum ~nt: "That's . right; with th e plaudits instead of tile This in cludes a fre~ . May Man- . curses of th e people. bu ckl e on your armour !" ton patth n and a free McCall " A. 17-inch gun is nothing more It is diffi cult to r eason some anti· pattern. than a capitalist 's forceful . argu- Socialist workingmen Ol)t of theil' Anoth er t empting offer is - m en£ why you should let him ex:- prejudices because th ey wer e nevut 'l'oday 's and Housewife and the 1¥estern Comrade. Th ese three '· .ploit .you . The .funny thing is he r easoned into them . expects y ou t o op erate that gun. 'l'h e average person has contemp t can be had in combin ation- -f or. The munitioners and armament- for th e humbl e 'till er of the soil, bu t one y ear for $1.00. ists yeli for preparedness and th en he has admiration fo r th e brazen, Still anoth er offer in cludes \\'Onder why th ey are not consider ed arrogant sl ayer of men. So long a~ several magazines. ·It is Tofir·st-class p atriots. th e arts of peopl e ar e c on s id e~ hl d ay 's, IV oman 's Vvorld , Home 'l'he Socialists are not th e first less nobl e th an th e strata gems of Life, P eopl e's P opular J\Ionthly to show th e peopl e th at th e inter ests war, so lon g will brotherhood be an and th e \Vestcrn Comrade all that live by war are a lways anxious impossibility. for on e year fo r $1.50. to proYok e wars. List en to Thomas The ca pitalist is ri ch because All checks or monev ord ers Pain e : Th er e ar e thousands who you are poor. _ should be mad e t o the. liYe hy wa t· ; it is th eir harvest. aud An observing nut says th at the th e clamor whi ch th ese p eopl e keep only way certain workingmen can np in th e n ewspapers and con versa- he f01·ccd to see th e li ght is by hav924 Higgins B ldg. tion passes unsuspi ciously f or th e in g hol es pun ched in their meal L os A ngeles, Cal. voice of t he peopl e, and it is not ti cket. LOts of workingmen begin until th e mischief is don e that t he to see Socialism only wh en they deception is discover ed. are dinged o~ th e brainbox by a I ha YC just looked through a meal-tick et pun cher. If they must maga zin e that gives lots of space to he slugged in th e belfry, that way war pi ctures - espec ially those is as good as any . But why can 't showin!! towns and villages after th ey go th e -easy way of investigahomhat·dm ent-and I wonder who is tion nnd study 7 ·why must th ey f!Oing to have ga 11 enough to say he mil cd on th e knob 1 Why do Here is a combination 9trer of The that Socialism will hrcak up the some beans r emnin dormant unless American Socialist, official organ of hom e. th ey arc tapped quite vigorously 1 the National Socialist Party, the If we don 't stop wat·, war will l t's a hard subject. . famous "1914 National Campaign ston us. ' ' Pntriotism," said old Samuel Book" and The Western Comrade T lH' mon ey of t.h e capitalist is th e ,Johnson, "is th e last r esort of a that not one· reader of The Western hlood and life of the men he ex- scoundrel ' '-and th e first r esort of Comrade can afford to Jet slip by. ploits. Capitalism is noth ing more th e munition manufacturers. The Am er ican Socialist than a ma chin e that turns th e mis The p..eopl e are satisfied with f or one yea r Is .. ... . _•.. $ .50 eri es of the wo t·kers into the joys crumbs, wh en all a.bout them there The 1914 Campa i gn Book. .50 of th e parasites. . is pl enty. With Thor eau I say: The Weste r n Comrade for Twin evils: Poverty and Mon- '' Cease to l!'naw that crust. There one year Is . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 opoly. is ripe fruit over your head.' ' Once So far as the working- class is con- you make up your mind to get the Tota l .......... ; ...... $1.50 cerned, th ere is no su ch thing as a hetter things of life ther e is no We will make y ou a for eigner. Th e working class is in- power on earth can stop you. With t ernational : it is exploit ed in all your ballot you can force t he excombination· of the lands : it.s fight for eman cipation is ploiters to r etreat; you can change above for just $1.00 world-wide. A workingman who th e system so that the workers and Take advantage of t h is offer now! talks fl hout "them damned furr i- not the parasites will get the fruit . In a preparedness speech, Presi ners" is an unmitigated yokel who Address : Circulation Mana ger is takin!? a stand against a ~?roup of dent Wilson· said: "We mean busiTHE WESTERN COMRADE men wit.h whom he should be in ness. " That's what the munition 924 Hlgg l_na Bldg. aPcord. Socia lism r ecogn i:;o;es no set. ~rs. the armamentists, the jingoes Los Angeles. Cal . of work ers as fo r eigners. The world and the plunderbunders in gen-era l say. T]Jey all mean business. is the workers' land. T --- WESTERN COMRADE Our Greatest Offer ! �- -- ·-- --·Th'e Western C"omrade . ----:-- - ·:--: . ~ - - T Financi~l Statemettt Llano del Rio Colony ~. -. •• '" .. • • ' .. •••. • • ,#o ..... •• ~-----::. ., # HE following table shows the financial standing of the Llano del Rio' Campany at the close of business De~emoer 31, 191~. · All of this property, with the exception of some office furniture and a small amount o~ -~a:chtnery, is at the Co-operative Colony at Llano, California. The colonists a:re proud of the showing. they hay~ . made_ in .ahqut:one ·year.-·~d ·tvha#. •, . Bills and Accts. Receivable ............$222,267.38 Expenses pa id ............................... .... 36,28_3.77 Feed in the· barns................................ 3,668.75 Freight.. ............................................... 4,649.59 . Fruit trees iu nursery ................. :.. .... 785.50 Interest paid ............................ ........... 2,734.00 Laundry plant ................................ .... 2,066.25 Live stock .............. ~ .. ............ .. ...... .... 27,778.88 Labor ........................................... ......... -14,861.00 }fcscal Water and Land Co...... -.. ---- 11 ,587.81 }fachincry and tools.......................... 10,9i5.33 Planing mill ............................... ......... 1,828.66 Automobiles .....,.................... ,.,. ......... 6,£62.73 Real estate owned .............................. 145,887.95 Stocks and bonds 0\med.................... 44,717.91 Cash for ranch supplies.................... 58,379.93 Traction engines ....................... ......... 3,659.00 Transportation ........................... ......... 3,881.59 Taxes paid ..................................... .... 869.09 Tents paid for...................................... 1,169.98 Other property owned ...................... 11,800.39 Cash on hand and in banks.............. 3,144.10 Capital stock paid in.....................'.~---$277;635.00 Installment stock .........................::... 44,561.95 Profit and loss.................................... 990.80 Land improvement contracts............ 186,075.00 Bills and accounts payable............... 110,336.84 Total ................................................$619,599.59 Total.. ..................................... .........$619 ,599.59 _, . . JOB HARRIMAN, President G. P. McCORKLE, Secr etary. Already in Its Second Edition - The Life and Exploits ., of' · By 'HENRY M. TICHENOR Jehovah . ; . . - .. • t ·-··. i~lt 1s No book on earth like a. scream from start to finish-If you have not read it you have missed a. rare treat. Price, single copy, of " The Life and Exploits of Jehovah," handsomely bound in silk cloth, $1.00, prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada. Your library of Freethought bo9ks is in~ompl ete without this latest, laughable and instructive work. For sale in combination with one year's subscription to The Western Comrade for $1.20. Make all checks payable to THE WES"rERN COMRADE 924 HIGGINS BUILDING '. l LOS -ANGELES, CAL. . ''· ~! ;· �.... \I ' ELKSKI BOOTS and SHOES \.___ F ~ctory operated in connection with LLANO DEt Rio CoLONY Men's 10-inch boots.$6:UO Men's 12-inch boots. 7.00 Men's 15-inch boots. 8.00 Ladies' 12-in. boots.. 6.00 Ladies' 15-in. boots.. 7.00 Men's Elk 'Work shoes 4.00 Men's Elk dress shoes 5.00 Ladies' Elk shoes ... 4.00 Infants' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 ............ 1.50 Child's Elk shoes, 5¥2 to 8.. .. . . .. .. 2.00 Child's Elk shoes, 8¥2 to 11. . . . .. . .. 2.50 Misses' and Youths, 11¥2 to 2 ......... 3.00 Place atocklng foot on paper, drawing • pencJI around aa per above IIluatratlon. Pa.. tape around at linea without drawing tight. Give alze uaually worn. IDEAL FOOTWEAR For Ranchers and Outdoor Men The famous Clifford Elkskin 5hoes are lightest and easiest for solid comfort and will outwear three 1pair of ordinary shoes. •.· We cover all lines from .ladies,' men's _a nd children's button or lace in light handsome patterns to the high boots for mountain, hunting, ranching or desert wear. Almost indestructible. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurement according to ·instructions. Out of tov.'11 shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P. 0. order apd state whether we shall forward by mail or express. SALES DEPARTMENT Llano del Rio Cotnpany 924 Higgins Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1916-04 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-04 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n12_191604 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-25 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n12 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 30 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/c751deb3c9b6021b104f96d47d44524e.pdf 88371be59e524cca6bb2965af662538e PDF Text Text �Information About th e Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony · Llano, Califor nia the great~st Community T illSeverislaunched in Ali\:erica. Enterprise The colony was founded by Job Harriman and is situated in the beautiful Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, California;-~ a fe\~ hours' ride from Los Angeles. 'fhe community.}s solving the probl em of disemploymen.f and business failure, and offers a way to provide for'· the future welfare of the workers and their families. Here is an example of co-operation in action. Llano del Ri~i·Colony is an enterprise unique in the hi&tort' of community groups. ~~t"H \vas established in an attempt to solve the ;,. · pt·oblem of unemployment by providing steady ~ employment for the workelis ;·to assure safety and comfort for the future a:qd for old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best school under persooal supervision, antl to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. Th et·e are about 700 persons living at the new ', tow:n of Llano. There are now rp.ore than 200 }pupils in the schools, and several hundred . are ~yected, t<f be .enrolled befor e a year shall have pa~sed . Plans are under way for a school build,· •· i]tg, w:hich will cost several thousand dollars. The ·nonds have been voted and sold and there is nothing to delay the building. Schools have opened with classes ranging from the Montessori and kindergarten grades through the intermediate, which includes the first year in high school. This gives the pupils an opportunity to tal'e advanced ·subjects, including languages in the colony school. . .:The colony ()Wns a fine herd of 105 head of '' Jersey and Holst~in dairy cattle and is turning out a large amount of dairy products. There is steady .demand for our ()utput. There are over 200 hogs in the· pens, and among them a large number of good hrood sows. This department will be gi·,ep. special attention and ranks high in importance. The colony has seventy-five work horses, two large tractors, three trucks and a number of automobiles. The poultry department has 2000 eggmaking birds, some of them blue ribbon prize winners. This department, as all others, is in the charge of an expert and it will expand rapidly. There are several hundred hares in the rabbitry and the manager of the department says the arrivals are in startling nu~bers. 'fhere are about 1-1,000 grape cut.tings in the ground and thousariqs of deciduous fruit and shade trees in the colony... nursery. This department is being steadily exten.ded. The community owns several hundeed colonies of bees which are producing honey. This department will be increased to several thousands. Severa·! tons of honey are on hand. Among other industeies the colony owns a steani laundry, a planing mill, large modern sawmill, a prwting plant, a machine shop, a tannery, · a rug and ' <Mrpet weaving plant, and a number of other productive plants are contemplated, among' them a cannery, an ice plant, a shoe factory, knitting and we.a ving plant, a mot ion picture company and factory. All of this machinery is not yet set up . owing to th e stres:;; of handling the crops. The colonists are farming on a large scale with the use of modern machinery, using scientific system and tried methods. About J 20 acres of garden was planted last year. This year the garden is being enlarged to more than· twice this size. Social life in the colony is most delightful. Entertainments and dances are r egularly established functions. Baseball, basket-ball, t ennis, swimming, fishing, hunting and all other sports and pastimes are popular with all ages. Several hundred acres are now in alfalfa, which is expected to run six cuttings 'of heavy hay this season. Th ere are two producing orchards and about one hundred acres of young pear . trees. 'fwenty-six thousand apple and p ear trees are being set out. Six hundred and forty acres have been set aside for a site for a city. The building department is making bricks for the construction of hundreds of homes. The city will be the only one of its kind in the world. It will be built with the end of being beautiful and utilitarian. There are 1000 memberships in the colony and most of them are subscribed for. It is believed that the r emainder will be taken within the n ext few months. �CONTENTS Page Fads and Comment <> By Job Harriman. La hot· ( 'onsl'ription 8 By Frank E. Wolfe. !J \\'estfield . By .John Dequer. Boosting l3l'tter Babit•s ·11 By Edmund R. Brumbaugh. 12 Fi1-!1Itin1-! :\1 ilitarism By Max Sherover. TIIt· To\\'11 of' Amis fly Wilby Heard. !IIIJii'O\'t'IIH'II ts at Llano By R. K. Williams. TIIt• ( 'hildn•11 's House 21 By Prudence Stokes Brown. 'j',,.o Po<·llts of thr Lfano 2!! By Alberta Leslie and Isabel 'Scott McGauhey. 2-t. Th1• ( 'a use of Crime By Clara R . Cushman. Child of At' <'l!dY (Poem ) By Marguerite Head. 2fi I 'n•pa I'('Ullt'SS By Gray Harriman. 2!1 111\·asion ( Pol'm ) By Frank H . War11. C AR T O ONS <lod . Punish ~~~·xic•o! I'Htri9tism Frontispit•c(• 8 Stillllovering ]() Our Thrre Great Patriots l(j The Hunt<>r and His Dog 22 �God, Punish Mexico! - D ra wn fo rTh ~ \\·e- ~ t f' 1 · n ('omnu.le b~- Dudley L ogan. �THE WESTERN COMRADE Devoted to the Cauae of the Workers Polltleal Action Co-operation VOL. III Facts a .n d Comment T II E l'rcsidcntial campaign is on. Yortex of war; organized and made By Job Harriman \r!Jat will be the issue 1 \Vho strong, by, the strona, for the trong, will he the candidates 1 One candidate will stand while the remainder of the many are unorganized for· peace, hut boasts national honor, the glory of and weak-for the weak. the Jlag and patriotism. Dignity of American citiThey stand alone, helpless and dcfen ele s, r ady Z(·Ilship will Jurnish an open door through which to and ofttimes willing to be led to the laughter. 'l'h y march an army. are the food that war .i;eeds t~pon; but, though th y Allan J,. B •nson will stand for peace. die 'mid shot ~nd shell, they cannot say war is Hoose1·clt or Hoot will, under cover of peace, 'uong, for they are ot·ganized and made strong to stand for war. protect the interests of the strong. vVere it necessary to protect the interests of the strong, the many Th • iuter·csts want 'rar, and conquest. would be disorganized and scattered to the four cor: The people " ·ant peace. J t is from the energy of the people that the in- ner·s to cry in the wilderness for the weak. "lie ter ·sts ~:ui n cash. The larger the territory and the that hath eyes to sec, let him sec.·•' + + + population the greater is the opportunity for greed. How Yast the chasm between the people and the S Roosevelt rct1·eating or Root progressing 1 Or arc inter·ests! The one is inspired by the effections; they both standing where they have always stood, th · other by the mailed fist. The one is interested and pretending to be what they are not 1 in humanity; the other in the accumulation of' for~ Roosevelt's new booklet is nothing more or less tunes. The one is guided by t he heart; the other than a campaign document; while Root's document by the strength of his sword, and the magnitude of is nothing: more nor les!;l than a campaign booklet. his army. 'rhe efforts of the one. are rewarded with Both are ultra-conservative, both condemn Wilh autiful meadows, fields of corn and gardens of son's peace policy; one shrouds it in billingsgate, roses: while the efforts of the other result in reeking while the other names it "waiting watchfulness." The policies of each, though differently worded, gor . The opportunity to snatch a fortune without will equally well serve the interest and blind the nrning it is erushin.., the human hear·t and leading general public while they are led to slaughter. Slaughter is not a metaphor, nowadays. It is th • 1'1\C to the pit. + + + the real thing. It means shot and shell and trench HEI'AHED?\IESS! This is the brain throb of for the poor voter who, by the cry of pa riotism, is th<> hom·. The world war 1s on. The United urged on to the bloody battle. What care they if tntr. is nt lnst drawn into the vortex. 'van street the interests be served f Roosevelt will-perhapshns world intere-t- and they mu t be adnmced and go to the war. R{)ot will not even-perhaps. They are not beaded for the field of battle, where' protect d. 1 wnr wrong ! han the weak say to the strong, victories are won with musketry and sword. They are headed for the Chicago convention, '·Your war i wron.., T ntil the weak are able to ontrol the trona, war will not be wrona. ' The where victories are won by word of mouth and where King ean do no wronn-, becau e there is no power they are safe from being even scorched by the shafts of hot air that will be spouted there. to puni h him. What is the difference between these wordy chamTh few. who e fore are organized and mobipion ! One is a "Boll Moose." The other iJJ a liz are trong. The nlan.v wh e fore - are nnorganized and "Moo e BulL" "Choose ye whom ye wi11 serve . " a ered. art> weak. - The we'Rk are drawn into the I P �- The Western Comrade 6 W IIA1' chanec has the rat against the cat 'I What chance has l\[exico against the United Sta4•s '! Are 110t the feeling of mice and men the same whc11 war is on '! Does not the blood of the victim urge th e \'ictor to further <:arnage 'I Will the helplessness of our sister r epublic arouse our ~ym­ pathics or cause us demand uncotiditional surrender ? \\'hat diu we do in the J\Iexican War in 1H-ti:\ '! Did we show a heart of (:om.passion or of steel ? \\'as not Taylor elected upon a war issue '! "\\'hat w er e the real rights in the premises '! ·w ere th e ri g hts not couched in th e superior force of our arms ? Did the heart aches of the l\fcx ican people sa 1·c to t hc·m t h ci r territory? What is the r eal cause of th e present conflict? J>ocs it not 1ie hae k of the raid on Columbus ? Did Villa hope to c·onqu('r !JO,OOO,OOO p eople with 4000 men '1 Js he a maniac 1 Or is h e inspired by iJ(terc·sts that would profit hy abso rbing l\fexi c:o? Wrrs 110 Jlany Chandl er, with his crimina l associates, inl'll·cl hy th<• l ' uitc·cl }-;tates grand jury for eonspirHg to itH·ite war between th e U nited States and :'If ·i!'o ? Is not the Los Angeles Times one of th e mou hpieres of \Ya·ll street? Arc not thcit· intct:csts in :\Ir xieo id enti ca l ? Who is financing Villa ? Is it not Wall stt·cet and its interests? \\' as it not for this r eason that \\'ilson supported Carranza 1 Do not th e \\' all street intPrrsts, th e f'Orporations and trusts, dominatr our puhlir. affairs ? lf we ronquer· l\'[cx ieo would they not thrn c:ont rol affairs in that country ? \Vould thrir profits not swell with th e inercase of territory '1 At·r not t.hci 1· propcrtirs in M exico worth hundreds of millions ? 1f wc take l\frxico, would not th e nine of their pt'OJWI'ty multiply into billions ? lla\'c thry not hrcn crurl to their poor l\fcxir an cmploycs? Do th ey not luww the hatred and contempt in whieh they arc held hy all M exicans 1 Have they not hy th eir eonrltict aroused in M exico this sam<' feeling against th e Un itrd States ? Did they not know that thr Mexican peopl e could not understand that an invading army wns pursuing only one man? Did they not kno\\· that these p eople would r esist that army and desert any power that consented to such invasion ? Did they not know that this would to weaken Carranza and temporarily strengthen Villa ? Did they not know that this would result in war between the two countries ? Did they not use their own power in Congress to force ·wilson to take this step 1 Are ·they not now opposing reciprocity with Carranza? Are they not unwilling to g rant the same privileges to l\Iexico that we are taking ? Are not the great Hepubliean dailies suppvrting them in their policy 1 Have they not a !ready created a r evolt in Congress against \Vilson 's polic:y . Docs this not mean war with l\Iexieo? What chanN' has :'If exico against the United States? What cha nc:c hal"c the eommer cial and industrial inte1·csts of ?l'fcxico against those of th e u nited States 'I Greed for gohl is the cause of war. 'fh c magnitude. of the· wm· is dl't L' I'mirH·d hy the opportunities to gTHtil"y tlw 1-(l'l'<'d. W HY not arm t.Jr e p eople '! Are these-guardians of our w elfare afraid of the people? ·woul d it not r equire less taxes for eac h man to support his own rifle, than it would t o su pport a n idl e soldier wit h a rifle ? \\' ould there not he more armed men if a ll had rifles than if only an a rmy of soldiers had rifles? Would it be possible for any world for·ce t o inYacl c this coun try if all had rifl es ? \\' onld not peace be sccuretl if all ha rl arms ? Twenty million armed men! What would that mean? It would mean p eace even in th ese d ays of war. \\. e could stay securely at hom e at our work and let th e dogs of war in foreign lands bay on. But the peopl e are not the Go,·et·nni.f'nt. The Govr rnm ent is a. ve ry different inst itution. Th e large interests of this country constitute t h e Govemmcnt. They own our publi c press, our n ews sen ·icc, our transportation , our ships, our hanks, our oil , our coal , our steel, our law, our-rverything, a lmost, is theirs. 'l'h<'~' want an army of soldiers to protect what is- theirs ( ?). The soldi ers will protect whftt is th eirs, while thry fear that the armed people will protect what is ours. Are not t he soldiers a force for conquest? Arc we not now beginning the eonquost of l\f exico 1 Will not what is theirs he increased hy conquest? "Will not ours he taken away ? lf th ey need us can �The We s tern Comr a de tiH·y not ca ll us by conscription to protect what is t hei rs ? ls not en·r·y soldier au added burden to our taxation ? \\'ould not au armed people be self-supporting 1 \\'h y not arm the peopl e? ·w hat ? Why not 1 \\'ill Bull ~f oose and ~f oose Bull please answer . T +!• + + E:'i: milli on m·med troops, marshal led by the all ics, ar e operating in every t heater of war. It is now proposed to mobilize t hem all upon the Kais<·r's troops; to dri\'e thcni into Germany and then to utterly t·xt inguish th e German race. \Vhat a thou~ht! Whnt a fune ral ! ·w hat c·m·mlgl:'! \Vha t rin·rs of blood! Has hell broke loose? This is th e ripe fruit of t he g reed of the millionair<:. Il oll" many, many millions of men, women and chil drc·n h:nc been silently ground to death in the stor·cs and mills and fac tories of the merchant and industrial l\ings ! How many human lives are consu mrd to build a. palace ! How many lives of little <· hildrcn must be sacrificed that a daughter of the rich rna~· be bedecked with diamonds! How many han staned that th e .idle might dwell in palaces and diu c 0 11 wine and s'veet meats! Th(• mcrehant and industrial pri1ices of the world art' striYin g to tnl'll th e r esources of the world into th ei r <:Offe rs. Sha 11 these r esources be turned into the coffers ol' tl1r allies or of the Germans and Aushians 1 This is th e question. For this qu estion 6,000,000 men have paid the <Ieath p<>nalty during the win; 8,000,000 more have been eaptlll'ed Ol' wounded. H ow manx millions \\'Pre l<ill ed a nd wounded by t he iudustr·ial hard~ hip _· before th e " ·a r, ca n never be known. Eliminnte the possibility of profits and the war would end at Oller. A community of inter ests begets rrood fr llowship ; a conflict of interests brings war. \Yar· fol lows in th e t rail of the profit system as inH ita hl~r as the night foll ows the day. H a Ye we not tried t he profit ystem long e.nough ? ITo" · ma11y millions more of our .fi rst-born shall be laid upon the alta r as a sacrifice to gr·ecd 1 Greed is a C'hild of the profit system. Once it is horn, it ma"Kes 7 a gra eyard of the human hear t and buries· therein every noble ·entimen t and tender impulse. It is the po ibility of profit, of r eturns without r endering an equivalent, that has crushed the world s heart and developed a world war. Suppose the allies e.~tingui h the German race, will they not go on merchandising and laying the foundation for future wars of greater magnitude? Who next shall be e4terminated ¥ The most efficient, of course. Tl1is greed is an obstacle to the . world's progress, view it as you will. 'fhere is but one solution. 'fhe abolition of individual ownership and the profit system .and the substitution of collecti~e ownership and co-operation. With t his change the world war would end, the German would clasp hands with the ally across the channel and the Rhine, the human heart would ascend to the throne and the world would be governed by love and goodwill toward men. A + + + ·sPLENDID editorial in t he Mar·ch Rip-Saw, from the pen of Eugene V . Debs, unveils the horribl e traged ies constantly arising in the industries of our great cit ies. He quotes the following f rom a r qport made by a commission appointed by the Governor of Marylan·d: " Much attention is gi vcn to ~ocial conditions in factories, stores and office buildin gs, and many instances are given of immorality forced upon gi l'ls by their employers or their superiors at their places of empioymcnt ; the. p enalty of r efusal bei.n g the loss of position.'' W e wish to call t he attention of the Rip-Saw to the fact that the I~lano del Rio Colony has 750 inhabita nts; that we are now two years ·old ; and t hat such conditions as are mentioned in the above q uoted r eport are now, and fo r ever will be absolutely impossible in J.1lano del Rio Colony. The r eason that such horrors are impossible is that the employes o.f the company arc the stockholders, and could, and would, discharge the Boa rd of Direc tors if any such crimes were evet· mentioned, much less indulged in. Do you t hink t hat an investment in the Llano del Rio Colony is r eally a gamble 1 1\fay not some good come out of Nazareth 1 �The Western Comrade 8 Lab or T c s c r • 1 p t • 1 on HEODORE ROOSEVELT says By FRANK E. WOLFE packings of the jury even before the that the frequent ,recurrence venire is drawn. Observe whom he of strikes throughout the country is on~ of the grav. puts in the box for labor to look to for adjustment est signs of unpreparedness and that even graver of disputes. are the evidences of unrest which do not culminate in The qualifications for these five proposed com. strikes. In other words, until labor can ·be so curbed, missioners are to be: "First, Ownership of Capitamed and rendered imtal; second, The Managepotent to rebel, militarment of the Industrial ism and munitions cannot Process; third, Labor; fourth, The Relation of Inbe sure of their safety. An insidious plan for labor dustry to the Individual States; fifth, The Relation conscription! of Industry to the National This is an important and valuable suggestion to Govcrnment-th_e last two capitalism in America. In including the relation of England they neglected to industry to the general do this before the war bepublic.'' gan and it was most diffiThere you have it beau. tifully boiled down. The cult to accomplish, and, indeed, h~s not yet been "Labor" mentioned will fully achieved there. be, of course, some hand. Roosevelt's plan is to picked and distinguished establish a Federal Indusmen1ber of the "organized trial Commission "to deal body." Distinguished bewith labor and managecause of his harmlessness. ment" (whatever this Some safe and sane dodmanagement may mean). derer. The whole comHe says this commission mission would, in fact, be must "remedy the situamost safe-for capitalism. tion, not by more palliaThe next step would be for Patriotism Congress to endow this tives, but by genuinely ef- The ~l asses fective action," and he preciou's bunch with plenary power in time of continues that the commission must be a permanent body consisting of far- strife. This will put millions of "hands., in the mu. sighted men _of real independence_and broad sympa- nition works-and keep them there. This will keep thies which are as far removed from silly sentimen- the miners at work, despite wages, hours or surtality as from hard arrogance and lack of considera- roundings. It will keep the railway workers on tion for others.'' the job and bring an end to agitation for shorter This is Theodore sold method of clever and adroit hours and higher wages. straddling. It is his way of saying that fire is hot, Capitalism has in Roosevelt a faithful mouthwater is wet and ice is cold. piece to express its fear of the "quicksands of labor There is much less cleverness, however, in his bold insecurity." �The w e s W .e~tern t f Comrade • 1 9 e· 1 d ESTFIELD is a· little home all excited about his discovBy JOHN DEQUER country postoffice in eries. He wo\}ld ask his parents the southern North Dakota, chiefly noted for names of the various parts, ossi01is structure of the its rolling hills and the ~eligious inclina- beast. Things.of which .tliey were hopelessly ignorant. tions· of its people. The inhabitants are 'Hence the best way out was to give him a beating and hard-working, litHe-thinking people with prohibit him his pleasurable pastime of inspecting the strong backs and plenty of whiskers. By remains of dead animals. Of course the real reason some inexplicable freak of nature there was that they did not car e to confess ignorance of arrived at the house of one of the most conservative, a these subjects to their child. hay baby to whom they gave the name of Ben. A litBen took the punishment like the Belgians. He t le ehubby fello\\- with a somewhat large head. That had to. But 'instead of changing his habit of thought 11·as his accident of birth. He had a head, and heads .it simply sharpened the devils back in his brainwere unwelcome thi11gs in ·westfield. It is difficult to · the question mark. . say, howeYer, who was most annoyed by the ·workings He was but· 8 years old when. he asked his father of that head in later years- the boy or the community. a question that caused t~~ old inan t'J marvel at the lt surely cost him considerable physical punishment, ·depravity ·of the child. It was just after he had been hut he in turn iuflict r d a good deal of mental anguish severely punished for reconstru'cti~g '_the. skeleton of upon the faithful. But I am getting ahead of my a dead hen, which he found in the we.eds behind the story. barn. "Papa,.'' said Ben, "why is it right to. study a Wh en Ben was but a few days old he was baptized- building which you build, and wrong to study a body ··ln·istened or whatever it was called-the preacher say- that God builds 1 ' Is i fbad· to asli why God does things ing sol emn words over him as he sprinkled water upon in a certain way, and good to ask it about man's his fa ce. Ben wailed a loud protest, they handed it work ?" to him. He was under the Covenant that gave him a "These bones are dirty!" explained the father! through ticket to Paradise, if he had seen fit to use it. "God's work dirty ?" exclaimed Ben iri some-surThe t icket was· 0. K. as long as · you asked no ques- prise. ".Are you not afraid God will hear you 1" And t Ions of the Conductor on whose train you had· to die his eyes were wide as he asked the question. 'l'he father wanted to hear · no more, but applied before you could reach your destination. But Ben eould use his head for more than a hat rack. He had the ointmep.t of correction prayerfully-Ben doing the· a great head which tipped him head foremost to Per- praying. dition. · But punishment did not quench the fire of tlie Ben, from his very childhood, seemed to be headed boy's genius. He persisted to ask of Nature and of for that abode of the dead, where, according to Wes.t- man the 'w]JY: of everything ·he saw ·and heard. Tl1en Ben made a discovery: A sheep has twentylield theology, we find all the highbrows, such as GaliIeo, Bruno, Capernicus, Dalton, ·Taplace, Paine, Inger- six bones in its back, seven in the neck, twelve in the soll, Darwin, Huxley and Spencer. W estfielders did ribs, five between ribs and hips, eic. So had the ox, not go there they did not weigh enough mentally. the horse, the dog. They all had 1ihe same bones difLightness of brain is a prerequisite to orthodox sal- ferrntly shaped, but in general outline they were the same. It was a great discovery. · All animals were Yation. . Ben had a heavy handicap in his race for celestial built on a common plan. This he could not fathom, glory. His head . was too large to enter the Church. and it was no use to ask his parents. " I wonder/' he said to himself, "if I am made l [is mental stomach too weak to digest its theological that way, too 1 How can I find out Y" hash. "M:a, do they bury people very deep when they Of course, he grew up among the devout and good. He could not help it ; we have no democracy in the se- dir ?" he asked his mother. "Yes, quite deep." lection of parents. "Could I dig one of them up 7" Ben had a morbid fancy for the . bones of dead "Now what do you want to do that forT" horses, cows, sheep and so forth. Yes, even as a child "I want to count the bones in the back of a dead of 7 or 8 years of age he would go out across the prairies and find a carcass and study it. Count the man. '' "Child !" screamed the mother. "Are you insane 7" hones and note their position. Then he would come �10 The Western Comrade STILL HOVERING --Drawn fo r The W est ern Commde by ''The dead man wouldn 't care, would he, Ma 1 Would heY " "No, but God would!" " Why is God ashamed of the way he made us Y" H ere again th e conversation ended ·ahrupt ly, to B r n 's d etriment. ''Spare not the rod lest you d evelop r eason,'' was a good way t o phrase the W estfield fa ith . Ben, howcvr1·, had set his fa ce resolutely toward th r light. liP had to know if w e, too, were built inwa rdly like th f' othr r animals, but he dared not ask :w~· mo1·e qnrstions upon physiological or anatomical suhj Prts. as hi,; r xprrience proved that such a course would awaken th r heal't and subdue th e nod in th e mind nnd hPart of his pa rents. 'l'hr~r could fo rce him to lw qnil't, hut thPy eonld not stop the actiYity of his hrn in. H r would look at. listen to, and learn from t'\'PI'yth in ~r. ;\ n ad Yr rt iscment of an old p eriodica I snpplird him \Yith a fair!~· good picture of the human .·krlcton. 1t wa a joy to him. li e compared hone for hom• with th r hone. of all the animal of his acquaintnnrP. Yt>s. it wa- tr·ur. as far as hones were conce1·ned, nil wr l'(' Yrr~· mneh alike. liP now hrgan to puzzle 0\'Cr other thing.. H e hung nhout the hutdH·r· hamble like a hec ahout a hlo om. He watched their every act. Ye , the cow hnd a liYer. lungs. tomach. heart. k idney, bowels. brain, and in general it looked lik(' tho e of th(' hog". .r. L ewltzky. dog, r abbit, horse, chicken, goose, mouse, squir1·el. Y es, there was a close r elationship between all in t he physical sense. A spirit he could not find. Next he studied the mental makeup of ani mals. A loud noise scar ed the horse, the sheep, t he chickens, t.hc cattle and Ma. At meal time Pa came to dinner. At feed in g tinw the pigs came to t he trough ; the cowl'! to th e stahl<•. When thirsty all sought ·water. When angcr ccl 1ill fought. \\' hen f ri ghtened all r an. l\fentally thf'y w re all alike. Suhstautially, man was no exr·rpt ion. H e \\·a.; a broth er to all that was. Ben w as hri ght in s,·hoo l. frc had ma str, rrcl writing fl nd had hef·Omr quite pr•ofic icnt at an CHrly ll gf'. Jlp usrd this gift to ], crp notes on w hnt hr saw and hea rd. This rangt• of o lt~C'n·ation was huntrcl and what he heard outside of farm routine was mostly sixt C'nth •·entur·y th eo l og"~·-whi (· h is mo1·r intrrr•sting to t IH• . tuden t of morbid psyd1olog-y than to a horn natu1·alist. He was harely ] 1 yea rs of age wh r n hP workeil out, unaided. his idea of uni,·ersal kinship. Ill' had marl•· startling progre. s on the road that lc>d him to a c·onc·eption of C'osmir· unity. 'I'hr thing that puzzlrd him was, why God had made thin~s undf'r r;o man:'' formH. y('t with so little di ff<"rrnN'. He was all on firt" to know (Continued on Page 30) �The Western Comrade 11 Boosting Bette .r B·a b 1• e s. - , S this article B y EDMUND R. BRUMBAUGH that is not merely sent~entai A_ was being writmust accept the truth that ten, "Better Baby Week" was in full babies had better not be born into poverty and depriswing. A widespread, popular movement vation, and that to prevent their com1ng may be a was behind it, hearing the endorsement Christ-like act. . of no less a person than the President Reason is not out of place in ·· the most personal, of the united States, in addition to that sacr d relations of life. of prominent people in many other fields Interfering with Nature Y Yes, to be sure. of attiYity. The mo,·ement was indeed a worthy one.. Tampering with deeply implanted insti'ncts Y Cer· To bri~dltt·n th e lin•s and improve the chan~es of the tninly. little onl's was a purpose second to none. · Boos_ting Shocked critics sh~mld remember, however, that hettrr hahies is mueh more worth while than raising normal conditions camiot exist under an industrial hlooued poodle dogs or passing the time away in fash- system that has become abnormal. The race had betionable dissipation at Newport or Palm Beach. ter die out than· be a race of wealdings. It might be \\"ell to point out, however, that sub. Motherhood is . holy unde~ all circumstances, but stantial , permanent progress cannot be made along if it is to mean the propagation of vice and misery, rhis line so long as an industrial system prevails which then humal). life had better disappear from the planet, ··ondemns a large portion of the people to live in utter and the quicker the better. poverty, <:ansing thousands of baby lives to be snuffed But the race need not die out; human life need not out, while those which survive only do so to know all disappear. The useful of the earth, the workers, using the toil and hardship and mental stress of modern their collective power, can bring a better day to pass. wage slavery. Poverty is a widely prevalent, chronic disease, but it. is To bring a life into the world under the best of curable. A simple operation, merely cutting out capitalism, t·onditions imposes considerable responsibility._ It means to build ~ody and mind and -character through the vermiform appendix of the body, social, and nora long, trying process. To raise a family without as- mal conditions and perfect health will be made possible ~urance of being ab'le to support it properly is almost for all. 'l'he problem of better babies i's going to be solved. l'riminal. 'l'he agitation for birth-control, though called obscene and disgusting by prudes parading in masks Some day every .new lruman life will have an ·equal of purity, is based on a solid foundation of facts. Here chance. Some day every child will be welcomed as a distinct accession to the community. Some day the <I re a few of them: · 'fhe death rate of babies whose· fathers earn l~ss arrival of the helpless little strangers will cease to be than ~10 per week is 256 per thousand, while those regarded 'as a misfortune because they bring only more whose fathers earn $25 or more per week die at the hardship and self-denial; rather will they be the so.u rce of joy, as deep and as lasting as the love of wl1ich they rate of only &4 per thousand . The last of the family to go hungry are the chil- are or should be the fulfillment. That day will be when Socialisfn comes to bless dren. yet in our largest cities from 12 to 20 per cent of the children are noticeably un!lerfed and ill-nour- mankind. Stone by stone, the Socialists of today are building the wondrous structut•e. It is easy and popuished. OYer 30 per cent of t4e adult male worl<ers, the lar to hinder the work . . It is easy to scoff. and call rathers and potcnti~l fathers, earn less u;an $10 a week, names and deny that which one ki1ows nothing about. IIParly 75 per cent earn less t han $15, and only about But the man or tho;l woman who picks out t he easiest things, who drifts with the current instead of rowing 10 p er cent earn more than $20 a week. Almost 75 per cent of the women workers in fac- against it, Jacl<s most of the qualities of real manhood 1ories, stor·es and laundr·ies work for less than $8 a or womanhood. If the worl<ers were as well organi:~;ed as their masweek; 20 per cent eam less than $4 and nearly 50 per ters, their fami lies would nevet· starve. With the wealth ..c•nt earn less t han $6 per week. These figures at·e based on a report of the United they create, their surroundings improved, the better ~tates Commission on Industrial Relations, none of baby problem would quickly take care of itself. Who will be strong enou gh and brave enough to whom are Socialists. Surely, with them in mind, it is not wrong to say that any "better baby" movement search for and find the truth and be builders 1 • >. �The Western Comrade 12 F • 1 g h t I!!!!~!!!!!!!!!!~ N • 1 n g. M • 1 • 11 t r • 1 s m E hundred and people whose minds are daily being B y MAX SHERO VER poisoned by the prostituted press twenty thousand letters left Chicago in one day t o go forth · m ust be reached, and we must reach them and open into that many working-class homes, their eyes so that they may see the truth. urging the worlwrs. to stake their dimes Resolve now to throw your dime, your time and against Wall street's millions in a great your energy into this supreme battle of the hour. If chall enging fight on ·militarism and pre- you are not among the 120,000 whom the first letter paredness. · 'l'he dimes se~t in by the reaches, then just place a dime in an envelope with worl<crs will be used in the coming campaign to cover your name and address and state that you want to bethe entire country with literature ;md llPeakers. No come a link in the great chain. By return mail a set. town, no matter what its _size, will be left untouched of five letters, envelopes and coin cards will be sent by this campaign. It is to be the banner year in So- to you . You will send these lettet·s on to your friends, and thus you will cialist agitation have helped in and propaganda. this great fight Tl1c plan, in against the monhricf, is this: ster of militarEvery person reism. c-eiving a letter IYorl<ers, you from the Nahave the _power tional Office of to prevent all the So c i a I is t wars. You have Party is asked no enemy but to send in a dime. the same enemy 'fhere are also which the Mexifive letters, encan workers seek velopes arid coin to overthrow. Use cards enclosed, your power to which are to be prevent not only sent on to five war with Mexico, friends or acbut to prevent quaintances, thus rstablishin g an t hat preparation rndless chain. for war which The Power to Prevent War leads to war. The This is a critiyellow press is alcal year for the Socialist Movement in America and yet it presents r eady attempting to create a war spirit to further the one rare opportunity to r each the masses on an issue plans for military organization and • armament. President Wilson has surrendered to these interests that the economic rulers of this country are trying to force down the p eople's tluoats. Preparedness, a in order to further his own political fortunes. eloak beneath which militarism is hidden, is their issue. War with Mexico would mean re-election for WilMaddened by the taste of fabulous profits made out of son, and the complete overthrow of the program of wat· or·ders, th ey want to provide a home market for the Mexican workers for their emancipation from the the instruments of hell, when tl1e orders cease to come legal robberies of American and foreign capitalists. from Europe. If we fall for ••preparedness," then . The jingoes are organized, the anti-militarists are this country is doomed to repeat the bloody tragedy divided. - Therefore, only the jingoes' voice is heard. that Europe is staging now. The future welfare of Your dime against ·wall street 's millions can accomthe people of this country is in the greatest danger, plish wonders. once Wall street succeeds in putting a preparedness Send your dime now to the National Office, Socialist program over on the people of this country. This is Party, 803 West l\-Iarison Street, Chicago. Send it now. the issue, and our fight is on that. Our battle cry must Don't postpone it for another day . .The enemy is upon be "Not a man and not a cent for war." But the us. We must fight him to a finish. ~~ ~ �:13 ' Th e We s t e rn Comrade Th e s T 0 the n f A m 1 s from the business, ethical and moral standpoint, topsy-turvy. And as the day progressed such occurrences as follows kept on increasing and multiplying as the sands in the sea. below and the stars in the blue heavens above. For instance, on picking up a newspaper one would read an ad some. thing like this, over the firm name of Pluckal & Co., who were ever known for their unequaled bargains: " To rid ourselves of our stock of last y'ear 's out-of date coats and suits; and at the same time to still further bulge our swelling coffen;, we desire the pul>lic to call as early as possible and purchase these scab-made, under-paid-for, cheap-material, carelessly constructed garments at our unusually enormous prices. To make them appear as bargains we ·have changed the cards, almost doubling their ordinary prices, and advertise them as grand offers at a sum slightly above what they wer e sold for last season. Come early and help us clear out this rubbish." Another, a soap concern, under a double column cut of an emaciated woman, sweating and toiling like a beast of burden, had this line in large type ''SHE USES OUR SOAP,'' and then it went on to tell what its soaps, both laundry and toilet, were made of, how injurious they were to garment. as well as skin. But not being in business for its health, it was happy to admit that the returns in profit from both departments were colossal. Then they stated that this was due to the fact that the public at large were proud of being dupes, and judged all things by newspaper talk. A newspaper can do wonders with the gullible. One of the editorials running for over a column and a half explained in detail why its news was a~ways colored so as to please certain captains of . industry. And also why they downed others. It gave the names of th e individual millionaires who c ntrolled that particular sheet, and how they managed to keep out of prison. It also showed what a mental pervert the editor had been up to then. But all this was mer e frivolity alongside what happ en ed in the residential districts, in the aristocratic mansions and in the laborers' hovels. At the very first afternoon tea, the ladies began to tell their true opinions of one another, and soon the pretty, expensive china, and silverware commenced sailing about from head to head. Silk gowns became tea-stained, and a thousand other society events came to pass, while false hair were scattered throughout the parlors. Confusion reigned. In the less fortunate sections, the back fences were By WILBY HEA R D the little town of Amis, • and ·there is not the slightest doubt about it. Business is at a standstill; and even the church pews and pulpits are covered with dust. The town folk hardly speak to one anot her, and poor gossip has breathed its last. Everyone is minding his or her own affairs, and heaven knows what the end will be if faith be not soon r estored, and conditions set normal again, at least as they wer e before the d evil showed his hoofs in Amis. A time ther e was when this little success-desel"ted ,·ill age was a p opular humdrum of prosperity. Business went booming along so that not a merchant but had his millionaire's dreams ; not a mechanic but what saw himself-in mind, of course-living in ease with nothing to do but boss his workers (who must all have been outsiders) for according to their press, and they all had full trust in their press, the natives were all so well off that none had to bend to labor unless he wanted to, or was lazy. So it was with no little surprise that the town of Amis awoke one fine Monday morning to find its~lf as the introducing paragraph of this story describes. What was the exact cause of this deadness no one -knows if anyone will ever know. But it is quite natural to surmise that despite its suddenness it was a thing that grew, an evolution which had been slowly and !Hlently enwrapping the town till it had it completely in its power. And though I do not guarantee what follows to he gospel, I state it just as it was handed to me, and it is up to the reader to believe or discard, according to the dictates of his or her own conscience. Strange, is it not, what a vast differ ence the accent of a sentence, a word, or even a singl e syllable will sometimes make Y A common phrase with the people of Amis for many y ears had been: " What 's the matter with Am is! !!'" And now when all was "Still as the . night, and deep as the sea" the town patriots asked the same question but in a different ton-e, ""What 's 'the matter with Amis ?" and none there was who dared Yenture a r eply. Thus it was, so at least the story goes, 'v.hilc thP town was at its height of good fortune, while everything was advertised as a dream elysian, a traveler, a salesman on leaving the town, biblically shook the dust from off his feet at Amis. The curse took root, for the very Monday following is the fateful one, the one on which th.is tale wags. When the sun arose on .A.mis hat Monday morning everybody found everything, • Amls Is H e b rew tor Truth. 0 • �14 The Wes t e rn Co m ra d e near]y torn down as the neighbors in rolled-up sleeves up new gossip abo!J.t your neighbors-" When the expressed themselves in accord with their actual feel- minister got that far, the congregations had passed the ings. Clothes were jerked from off the lines, and what first surprise. In slang-pardon it-one would say, could not be reached was honored with handsful of they. bad just got their second wind, and so each drew forth handkerchiefs, rolled them up into balls and fired precious dirt. . And so things went on all week. But the shock of · them at the man behind the pulpit. But the pulpiteers shocks came on Sunday when the few who did go to kept their places undismayed. For it seems they realchurch returned and repeated what had been spoken ized that the congregations being made up mainly of from the pulpits. women, their'1li'ms would be as their attitude had been The ministers had all told the truth, and made plain up to then. Only one was really bit and that was bethat they never bad intended to, nor cauld practice cause he shifted places while the "contributions" were what they preached, and they intended t9 lie about it coming in. no longer. The following extract from one of the serSo things continued, and the tmth spre¥I through mons will suffice: ·· Am.is like wildfire. On the walls of many a home this "Ye hypocrites, it is not from some Bible text that motto was put up, "Vve Love Our Neighbors' as Our 1 shall prate to you today; but from the depths of mine Own.·•' Stores became placarded with such signs as own heart. these: ''A Pleased Customer ·Means a Steady Sucker.' ' "Ye ]mow full well that your gathering. here Sunday "When vVe Smile at You We Don't l\Iean H; It 's Bea ftet· Sunday has not been and is not because ye fear cause \Ye Consider You an Easy-M:al'lc" "If W e Don 't yonr God, nor· is it because ye crave to satisfy your Get a Chance to Do You, Someone Else Will." The car companies put up little f ramed signs readspiritual desit·c. Y c would be among the first to cast stones at him who would seek to do the right. ing: "A ride is worth two cents, we charge five be"For eight tedious years have I come ·here before ye cause we own the lawmakers, so whatcher goen' ter and spoken to yc on things neither I nor ye believed do ?'' Facing this on the opposite \vall another read : or cared about. Ye carne not to gather wisdom nor ''The straps are here for a triple purpose. For pasexamples of righteousness. Ye congregated not to sengers to hang onto, also as a r eminder of what would Jearn but to heed that I speak not contrary to your be used on them should they kick, and to help our riders hold the rickety roofs down in windy weather. " inter!lsts. One large Manufacturing concem came out with '.'Your measly cont ributions were cast with false gladness, for after all ye felt that it hoosted your hlazing signs: ''Our profits are great, but. we must tr·adc. Aware of this I called for greater donations, have more. The goods you get from us are faulty. We knowing that therefrom oozes my salary. I pleaded for arc partly to blame for this in that we l1ave po~r maa magnificent cathedral, for the grander the church the chiner·y. The r est is the fault of the help, mostly chilmore could I permit my orthodox chest to swell with dren, who are underpaid, underfed and overworked. " But the real eruption, the actual earthquake, came holy pride. ·"I hold this job fo t· what is in it. I have been ser.w- when the politicians in Amis began t o make speeches ing yc with 'f ifty-two bargains year in, year out; and which contained grains of logi c. This seemed more than save for the ·trade it hath brought you, in real bargain modern mind could bear. Th en it was that a numbness style have ye paid for them. Ye never meant a single settled on Amis, and all business came to the aforesaid · word of what ye told me, and I returned it all in your standstill. The pious people agreed that the Devil bad own coin. At this very moment my heart 'is beating taken full possession of tbeit· tow'n. and that it only wild, my brain is in a whid of excitement, for I am verified the prophesi es that the world was soon to come seeking hard for. a scheme whereby I can make ye in- to an end. And ·that is why, because of this wave of truth crease my income. "Every time you kiss the cross, I could swear I see sweeping Amis, that all the lawyers moved out to other a silver dollar in it<> stead. And I know that with you cities, the doctors burned their prescription pads; .and as with me, every. time we speak of setting a higher the pharmacists cast forth their patent medicines and mark, it is the dollar mark we mean. Pharisees, why took to selling postage stamps and postals without comdeceive ourseh es any longer? If these buildings we plaint. gather in weekly, yea, verily weakly, be. the temples And oddest of all is the Claim that despite this they are pretended to be, let us obtain whips and drive strange phenomenon which took possession of the citizens, there is not one willing to rechange the n ew for ourselves out from their midst. "Ye women that ogle about from pew to pew, ye the old. How long thej)e-\•il will continue to rule Amis women ye come here to meditate upon, and to conjure no man knows. �Th_e Western Comrade 15 Part of the Llano Community's dairy herd, which furnishes milk for the use of the Colonists. lmprovemepts at L 1 an o m a'\ ~ AGNJFIGENT weather By R. K. WILLIAMS The men of Llano planted 10,800 has blessed the Antetrees in two days of eight hours each. lope Valley for th e past thirty days and This is considered pretty good and rapid worlc. 'ro more. Vegetation on all sides is spring- make the work more complete, we were favored with ing up so that i1ow a ca rpet of green, clouds dming the warmest part of the day and Sunday siltll~t~tr•~llinoO"nl ecd''~l·'y''itlthaJJdc.olors ~ of ftowen;, " • Th e trees have forgotten that there mi::rht ht• n ·hill in the air and have put forth their bios:oms; indertl, pt·ospeet bid fait· for no more frost this st·HsOll. Yt• l'.V littlt• hnnn eould come if frost dors visit us. '\\' ith thP <•omiug- of spriug, num here ha.> put forth Ill'\\' l'ff'o rt s nud t lw l't' ults of his work an• Yisihle on all sidt>s. Duriug- the 1111,t f!·u day· more than ] 8,000 tl'l'f'S hnYP h(•pn ~w t out. Thr quarte1· section east of th(' hotPI, How !!1'('('11 with harley and wheat, has thr u gh it tJ'('I'S planll'd in st1·aight row· . There arc 16.000 ll't>l'S in thi pirt:t' of laud. 1250 heing apple trees the remnindrr !wing pear-. Ynlunh'l'J' trt·e hole di!!!!'l'r. tu the number of fifty, lt>ft fot· ~[ (•. rnl two Sunday ago and dug 26;)0 holes ; within a dn~- or two 5500 hole were dug there. This N•tion of or('hard i. to be devoted to peaches and plum . a gentle hut· persistent rain fell , so that the ground r eceived a soaking t o the d epth of several inches. As a r esult of the fine downpour t he alfalfa has sprung into new life and its dark gr een r ests the tired eye. SomP of the alfalfa is almost r eady to cu t . The inigation department has been busy for some time past mnJ,in g laterals in tht· ~H5 acres of alfal fa, so that now t he irri gat ion systPm for the old stands if! fine. Thr ditch f1·om th e upper intake lms been cnlaJ·gcd to a five-foot width at the hottom . 1t runs to the west t>nd of the Hubbard plar·P, and surveys have been made to the new townsite that will C'arry the water along at a con ·iderahly higher level. The ~fontc·<>sori school is running without a hitch and with an a\·erage attendanre of forty little tots. Great result.· arc heing ohtaincd thf're. Vi'>itors to the c·olony .·eldom fail to call on 1\frs. Brown and Iter corps of as. i.·tanls and watf·h the Sf:hool in active operation. �.. \;. :I I ' '- ?" Our Three �t Patriots -Drawn for T1t • W 11ttrn �18 The Western Comrade The Tractor Clearing Everything In Its Path Not much attempt is made to teach the children in the accepted sense of the word, but to set an example, which they readily follow. "Children," says Mrs. Brown, ''like obedience just the same as grown. folks. They like to feel some quiet, strong person..,.-a person who kno.ws- about them. 'l'hey absorb str:_ength and grow reliant because of such sustaining help." On account of the increase in the number of att endants in the grammar grades and the ditnculty of getting to the Hubbard ranch school , a nrw building has been erected in the colony, just cnst of th e hotel, and ouly awaits window frames nnd a fe\\' other finishing touehcs to make it available for school use. This will rclirve the congestion very materially ~mel add to thr comfort of the tcnrhers and pupils alike. The wor·k that is being carried on by ~'vfr. George '1'. Pickett, our most efficient physica l eult nrc and pln~' ­ gronnd dirrctor·, of tit(' gr·ammar gradc.s, is rapidly dcYPloping the same eharndPt' of effieiency as that alrend,\' estnhlished in the ?lfontessori school. :\Ir. Pic·k ett tal,cs char,gc of the childr·cn at certain periods of the day wh en regular academic work is finished nnd besides instnwting them in physical culture, bnll playing and dancing, he directs their gardening. tree planting and building. ]n the latter three Jines the children under his direction haYe aeromplished a great deal. With the influx of new people comes musical ability. so that the orchestra and band is receiving additions. The orchestra has seven pieces now, with good prospects for several more before long. A brass band was started a few weeks ago, and at the present time there are ten registered players, with instruments, although the total number of men available for band music is between 25 and 30. 'l'he music that the band has so far rendered is of a good class, as th e bandmen were experienced, and only lackrd playing together to smooth down a bit. ThP c·h oral sol'i!?ty is grtting along nicely, with a bout 30 memlw rs. 1t mPrts !?Hry ·w ednesday evening. A quartet has !wen formPd whic·h rendered its first puhlir ('ffor·t Sunday to a well p]pa~d audience. 'I'll(' Thursday night danring (• lasses, for children. ;;r<• \H•Il attendrcl and th e deportment is exceptional. f:eorge Pickc•tt. is assisted h,v an able cot·ps of interc·st cd mothers and others. ~e\·pnty. t o nin ety (·ou plPs or little ones, an\l .vonng men ancl ladi es, grace 1 he floor r egn larly. The Saturday night cl~mccs , in which the children do not pal'licipate, is growing in popula1·ity. Wide interest is mani rested and couples from a distance of thi rty mi lrs. as well as from Los .Angelrs, attend just to try out thrir nC\\' styiPs of danc·ing. :\fany excellent dancers have bren dewloprd. and a('companied hy the fine orch('stra. nothing hut the hest and most refined will he tolerated. �The Wester·n Comrade 19 Leveling and scraping with caterpillar tractor. ~nnd ay l'Yening- (•JltPJ'tainment ronsists 111 having t li e Llano \\' t•P id~r n•ac\, whil'11 details th e doin gs of t hl• l'lln<"h fo1· 1he week;ai-ld specu lates on what is toliP don e fot· the eOJ)ling wee k. lt mentions a ll ot hl·r li<'WS that is a\·ailahle or inte1·esting, a nd it is hoped that this phasr of :-;unday night 's entel'tainment will <'O lllillue rmtil th e ad ual operation of a printing press is om• of th e colony 's industries. Of course, when the prr ss is hen·, thr paprr will he enlarged and will not on! ~· l'H trr to thr rnnrh , hnt will have a widet· field ill whir h to wodc ::.;,wakr1·s, J'ee ifations, sin ging and music usnall ~r fill up the eYening. A n ew rip sa\\· has been placed in the planiJ)g mil l. The planing mill is exrcptionally complet e no\\· and will gro\\· more so as time goes on. The machine shop today is in better shape than in the colony's lif('. The trucks :md automobiles. have heen k ept in repait· and running o far as humanly po sihle. There hAs heE'n one or two trucks running daily fot· W<'C'ks past, And more freight has been moved thnn \\'as thought possihle a short while ago. Syst.~:m ha s been introduced in the marhine hop. The cahinE't shop is going ahead as usual, making h:mdsome things for use in the colony. The hnrne. shop is now located at tl1e hor e c'Orral. .\n expert harness maker is in charg~. Work of repair i;; going ()n at ail times. The hoc shop i now ii!l a b·e Uer condition than at any time since t he depat·tment was organized. The first pair of shoes made from colony leather and made wjth in the colony, was completed last week. This is hut a fo rerunner of what will be done in the future. The r epairing of the colonists' shoes goes right along and in this respect the shoe shop is in good shape. The wireless plant is at a standstill at preoent, although everything is in r eadiness to communicate with the outside world with the exception of a little more battery and a man thoroughly conversant with that mode of communication. A new club house has been built for the women. It is handsomely decorated within and in which congr egate the Arts and Crafts and Souvenir Clubs ~nd new ideas worked out for the benefit of the colony. SouYenirs of the colony a1·e kept on exhibition and for sa]tl at the rooms. The l'ar('nt-Teachers' ·Association hold regular weekly meetings and questions of gr·('at interest are discu sed and acted upon. !lfany helpful suggestioJl£1 for the care of the younger generation ha,·e heen made, as well as making life easier for the grown-ups. In addition to the usual discussions, something of a literary or entertaining fPature is presented at each meeting. The ba.'Sehall players are lm~;y at every avai!Lable moment . }\fany- fierce battle~; have been ro\lJght between the High ~eb.ool and tile Grammar S.ehoot Some �20 . The Western Comrade real stars are being developed here. A half dozen youngsters are in line for a brilliant future on the ball field right now. Strangers have spoken of this phase of the athletic life of the colony and probably Llano will be heard of in baseballdom sooner or later. The swimming pool is at present dry in order to be cleaned out and somewhat enlarged for the coming season's sport. Many· swimmers, women as well as men, have been developed and a place big enough for accommodation must be made. The new concrete bridges about a mi!Jl west of town have been completed over the worst plat:<es in the wash of Big Rock. 'fhis improvement portetids good · roads the rest of the way to Palmdale and extending as far cast as Victorville. Quicker time is now possible between here and Palmdale on ac.c ount of the bridges. The prospect for a highway through here is exceedingly ~ood. A concrete road from Saugus to Palmdale is · now being constructed. The road to Azusa through the south fork of Big Rock Canyon is now a possibility and it is being agitated on the southern end. If this road is put through one of the most picturesque roads in America shall have b en opened. It presents a variety of rugged scenery found nowhet·e else in the western states. Old Baldy and North Baldy are at all times visible, towering neat·ly l 0,000 feet in the air, while the whole range is from 6000 to 8000 feet. This road would pass through Llano. The managers' meetings are better attended than at any time since they were formed. The office in w•hich they are held is already too small to accommodate the crowd that wants to listen to the r eports of the foremen and managers. It is here that the business of the ranch is conducted. Demands are made for men and teams, tools and other things \lecessary to carry on certain work. Every man about the long table, to the number of 25 and 30, is familiar with every detail on the ranch. This is practical democracy-because it works. Llano is now a voting precinct. It will not be neces ary for the Llanoitcs to go to Palmdale to cast their vote for the choice · of president, vice-president, etc. ~ big vote will resu~t bccau. e formerly it was imposiblc for all to leave here for the twenty-mile trip. ame of school trn tees are submitted to the county superintendent of schools who appoints them. Thi reply i made to a query from the east as to school tru teeship. The tr et and houses have been named and number d, so that we now have Llano Boulevard, Avenue A, B C, D etc. Thi makes it quite convenient for enquirers as the town is getting so big that it is not po ible to carry all the locations in one's head without a di tinguishing mark. The pring rush is on. People are coming in e\~ week, almost daily, o that the hou ina r ource of fu,. colony is taxed to the utm l Promi are that : greater number will come earlier this year than an~· time since the starting of the colony. 'l'he stork brought three arrh·al thi month. A little one was left at the home of Frank Will. he ter Page, Jr., was visited by a little girl who tak up , permanent residence, and G. ni. Fore ' home wa made the lodging place of a little boy, Dr. Mohn, the olom· physician, officiated. The following resolution was signed by 200 colonists and has been sent to the President of the United tate~. LLANO, Cal., March 23, 1916. . Hon. Wo?drow Wilson, President of the United States, Washmgton, D. C. Feeling that United States troops sent to Mexico by ·you means ultimate war, and of a particularly sanguinary character, and tha.t the Interests of the American people, as a whote. cannot be benefitted thereby, and that it Is mainly for the protection of the property of capitalists of this and other countries, and that the alleged purpose, that of restoring order a.nd protection of American Jives Is a subterfuge, we, the residents of Llano, Cal., In mass meeting assembled, hereto subscribe our names in protest against Mexican invasion by United States troops and ask that you withdraw those already there. The men and women of Llano realize that if the American people were permitted to give a true expression by a personal vote on the question of going to war there would be an avalanche of Noes. The face of conscription, the insanity of armaments, the idiocy of preparedness is appreciated by this radical group of thinkers. The same sentiment is harbored by the common people the country over, but as a rule they do not know why. Few people want to be killed, and every soldier that enlists thinks that he wont be killed. Death to the strong and vigorous seems impossible. If every community with similar population as Llano del Rio, did as well in protesting against going to war with Mexico, or any other country, the subterfuge of the munition and armament makers \\·ould soon become apparent. Llano del Rio Colony is becoming famous. Ten thousand people is confidently predicted for this colony by 1918. These lands can support them·and that nUDlber of men spells absolute freedom from economic worries and means education, leisure and travel. Everything points to this. New colonists are coming daily. Housing facilities are taxed, but each man brings a certain power with him-the power of adaptation and of helping himself. He usually brings his tent. This is a wise precaution and commendable in every way. Tbf• spirit of the colony is good and work is progressin!! finely. Green fields now greet and r est the eye on every hand and the workers are bosy. �T h e Western Comrade Th e Ch ~~ ~-.,~W.~A~~ st haatp1rehface ope • 1 21 1 d ren ' s H o .u s e B y PR U D E NCE will shed light upon my effort to report from month to month the educational progress. of the Llano del ·Rio Colony,. I ' want to say that I shall attempt to give " , each month just enough of our theory of education to prove that we are wor)iing on a definite basis, and just enough practical illustration and pictured illustration to prove that the children nrc r evealing in work and play the livableness of our theory. Today in Llano where there are no large new school houses-where there are no substantial and permanent d\\·ellings yet built-! claim a miracle in school management has already been wrought. · Right here in Llano-a colony not yet two years old-we can show you a school "that is life, a school that trains for life and secures and ma_intains opportu nities to labor and to learn" for every child from two and a hal£ years of age· through to the ·first year of High School. This is no vain boast. We would rather sho\\· you than tell you of our school. First let me tell you why we speak with such assurHncc of our school and why we feel that words are so inadequate to carry to a reader·'s mind the facts about . the school: \Ve have accepted as our authority the. method of scientific pedagogy, so we are necessarily \\"Orking in an experimental way. \Ve have few theorirs to write or talk about. \Ve are at present standing in the attitude of the scientist and are endeavoring to lf't our children teach themselves through the opportunity afforded by plenty of fresh air, plenty of land and \\"ater and plenty of indoor apparatus and books. I<'rom Dr. Montessori's book on "Scientific Pedag"ogy'' I must quote : ''And indeed, what is a scientist 1 :\ot, certainly, he who knows.how to manipulate all the instruments in the physical laboratory, or who in the Ia horatory of the chemist handles the various reactives \\"it h deftness and security, or who in biology knows ho\\· to make ready the specimens for the microscope. I nrleed, it is often the case that an assistant has a grt'ater dexterity in experimental t echnique than the master scientist himself. We give th~ name scientist to the type of man who l1as felt experiment to be a lllt'ans guiding him to search out the deep truth of life, to lift a veil from its fascinating secrets, and who, in th is pursuit, has felt arising within him a love for the lll.vsteries of nature, so passionate as to annihilate the 1 hought of himself. The scientl.st is not the clever m11nipulator of instruments, he is the worshipper of nature and he bears the external symbols. of his passion as does the follower of some religiot~s order. · ''To this body of real scientists belong those who, like the Trappists of the Middle Ages, forgetting the world about them live only in the laboratory, careless often in matters of food and dress because they no longer think of themselves; those who, through years of unwearied · usc of the microscope, become blind; those who in their scientific ardor inoculate themselves with tuberculosis germs; those who handle the excrement of cholera patients in their eagerness to learn the vehicle through which the diseases are transmitted; and those who, knowing that a certain chemical preparation may be an explosive, still persist. in testing their theories at the risk of their lives. This is the spirit' of the men . of science to whom nature freely reveals her secrets, crowning their labors with the glory of discovery.'' We are r eceiving, daily, revelations of the ability of children to teach themselves, revelations of the child's love .for quiet consecutive study; revelations of obedience to the inner life. Every day we feel more deeply under ·conviction that it is the business of the school board and the teacher ;to prepare the · environment and furnish · objects established on the scientific and experimental foundation and then be .willing to let children react upon this environment and these obj ects in their own sweet way. In the Montessori Department, "The Children's House and Garden," forty-five to fifty little children from two to six years of age, gather every morning at nin~ o 'clock and remain until four in the afternoon. H ere they learn through "ordered activity·" to live a quiet, peaceful life. In this department they do not learn by being told to· do things, but by being allowed to do things and by being shown how to do them correctly. Having shown the children by doing he deed and saying very littl e about it W!l observe and appreciate their practical application of the principles of ordered activity from the moving of a chair and the tying of a bow-knot to the deep silence of meditation and inner poise. Illustrations from the D.omestic Department, showing physical control developing: Five-year-old Clyde having practiced under direction the exact method of carrying a small chair, is, many hours later, busying himself scrubbing the kitchen. He finds it necessary to move a chair; he comes to the Directress, gently takes her hand and says in a subdued tone, "Now you listen." She listens and he l~fts, moves and replaces an adult dining chair so carefully and STO K ES BROW N �. '· i'. i,, • I ' ' ~' ''j..• _THE HUNTER AND HIS DOG -- I II':J \\' II fu1· Tile \\' e ~ t e ru L'omJ•aU o silently that not the s lightl'st sound JS heard . Esthl'r' lw \ ' Ill !{ ht•en dir·t~ ded to plaee the spoons with nil th r handles Olll' way, Yoluntecrs to fit them exac·t ly and t•ompactly togeth er. This 1H·t being appr·ovcd hy tht• Di•·cet•·ess, the neatly-placrd spoons are shown to the rntire group. By way of appreciation <'Very chile! imitntes th e sam<.' nu1nner· of layiug spoons a\\'HY wlH•n wn. hing and wiping thf'm after a meal. hy .J. J..c wltzl\)', and a fortifi cation of the i11111~ r life.'' We hope thiR illustration may prove the truth of h et· s tatement in a slight d egt·ee. lllustration f t·om whid1 mi g ht be called the· lntel. lectual department: Hal ph, with the "Geometrical Insets," discovers that the right i.sosoles t1·iaugle is a hal f sq uare . He annouuces it quietly to the Directr ess a nd t hen more . 1llustrati(ln .!towing developnwnt of l.'Ourtesy: quietly proceeds to prove hi.s Rtatement by p laeiug tlw ~i x-:wat·-o ld Hm·old attempts to wash a table. He inset with ifs long edge agaim;;t the long edge of the pie.pro,·idcs hitnsdf with a tmuhl\'r of water, a small doth tured plane. Halph is educating him..">elt His iun.el' ;.~nd .a piN•e of o-ap . H e SQOU fimts that his water sup- intelligence is reYealing itself t hrou.gh self-aeth·i.ty. He ))ly ill insufficit•ut :md his dotb and vessel both too learning early to tliunk for bin:u;;e1f. An illllSh·:ation fnm tbe re.~tromn: Sln:ail. Ohs\"rVing his aooik 'Of l!istr s the Dil'eetr s steps ll<"Ur :md address~ng him in .a quiet ito!llle, say s: 'J'wo :and one-.!balif year old l'lhldrre.d gett.'> flet· om~ " \Vf(n~M ,V'<lll alike a ]~atl I{)~ wat>Cr. al!ld :a: aarger dC~itiu., pillow a!llld small eo,·er and g(j)C£ to her ~!lap d.a;v af(<>J' HaroM ?" "Oh, y-<>sl 0. itha1~ 1k Y'@al, l\lfirs. BooWJil., tlbanik d .a y, l!lenr ln.a1ving been toM w do ·o ; htu.treer tainly lw')"011!1., th~n[k y>OIIl n" 'il' lms lreVeJl.ilrng itbe S:pli.riiit o[ il:me mg il»een tallllg!h.lt to d(j) tlh:hs Lly -set-'ing otillter:S iPll'te~ail·itDg C{)!tllr'trei\_V ifi~GW~~~g lfoom tlhre V<€try dre pdts a[ lbiis 'Sa1IIIL Dr. her lt>eJ a nd C~tlber 'Lled-s £ar ttlbe qiJlu~t r e-st ,wilaieib. ~1J 1J1e {ron tress or~ s:a,vs t:Jh:at "' S eijenttrilfiie Ped'3g®gy iis :a <defense ( Cllilnttin ue.d <an !Page :28~ �The Western Comrade 2!1 Tvvo Poems Llano EL RIO DEL LLANO 0 N the pineclad hills that Sentinel For aye the ~leeping Vale~lid th e massive Hoeks, whence its watrrs well, A D1·eamer sat and heard ThP <·rystal laughter of that mountain strram Yoieing th r thoughts that vague and formlrss stinrd J n his own bosom, shaping his waking dream, And this, the mPssage that it hade him tell: · ·To ye, men of the larger vision, come to brat . .\pathway he!'P, for those of weaker feet: To pluck the hramblrs and to clear the w'ayWit h stout heart labor; and 'vithout dismay Y e shall not fa il ! '' Aimlrss to waste the brooklet runs And yours, 0 toilers, are the hands must guide To thirsty souls the waters limpid kiss ; ?If ust. coax the coy earth to rast aside Her bristling armament, her quaker garb of sage, For flower strewn raiment of a brighter hue. To bare her bosom to the warm caress Of Summer suns. Lo! If your toil, not niggardly he lrnt, With nsulll'Y 'twill he repaid to ye. Hrr bonndlrss trr~tsurr 11t your fcrt shRll he11p ·while with each yielded ha1·vest ye sh11ll rr;1p The richer harvest of your Souls-contrnt And blest security'' As it glided, singing o'er its mossy stones 'l'his lay, the Mount~tin Bum Sang to the Dreamer, ii1 silve1·y undertones : "My dammed up w11ters in the days to be Shall not alone assist the birth Of h ~trvest from the quickened rarth, But shall g ive ye light, and w~trmth-and turn The mighty wheels of industry. Shoulder to shoulder, then, knowing naught of fe11r ! Press on serene and read the cheer Flashed daily from each guardian hill. When morning walks upon the heights, Or night, with her first pale stat· Gleaming afar, The weary toiler to repose invites, Like signal fires, the rosy peaks When the first or last ray on them breaks From range to distant rangr-thrn stilt ClPal' chllraeter'd in light, the nws.:;;age spells, " \\' P w~ttc·h 8)1(1 a 11 is well. " - A lhP!'ta J. J,rslir.. THE 0 NEW ERA 11! Happinrss. fairntaid of hPfl l't>nl;v birth; Purer than gold. morp houndl<'ss than the sea, ( 'onw' Tonc·h this lo11d that hinds tn!' to the earth , ~And 1·aisC' my soul on wings of PC'stae~·. Oppn ";Jr tlw port11ls of my hc>art .\ncl lPt tlw light ll!Hl f1·erdom rutrr iu. < 'onw' ... Aud g loomy diseontPntnwnt sha ll depart, And C'\'Pl'.Y eumhf•ring <·an•, and thought of sin . ~!'\\' E1·a, <·om c·! thPn I will go with th ee .\nu show unhappy nto1·tals morr ancl mo1·e or Truth nnd Lovp and ],iff' H S it should he; And thou on rarth sh;;ll r!•ign for f'I'PrrnorP. - Jsalwl S<·ott J\feGa nhey. �The Western Comrade 24 Th e ~~~~ RS. c a u s e 0 f c r • 1 m e terrupted in her rude way. " I SAMPSON ~L­ By CLARA R. CUSHMAN DER, president of know, Cynthy; you're billious. '' our Millville Ladies' Improvement SoI guess she meant well, but Cynthy looked daggers ciety, had just got through the door into at her. "I am in the best of health, " she says. Theu Mrs. Constable i\lcCoy 's parlor where we she looked at her paper again and went on-" but I were holding our meeting, when the shall not state my conclusions until I haYe heard from others.'' ·widow Steele says to her : Mrs. Druggist Perkins spoke first. "Tain 't much " J_,and !?akcs, Cynthy, "whatcha got of a problem as I can see. It's just that p eople won "t Harold 's tie on for'!" Sure enough sh e had! Harold's her !ittle boy and resist the whisperings of Satan and listen to the still, tl)(~ ti<· was the navy hlue one hi~ grandma hung on the small voice of the Lord.'' " That 's_ it," says 1\Irs. Rever end Hawkins. She Christmas tree for him. Only it was tied kind of differcnt-t,,-o short loops and the ends hanging long- t wisted and untwisted her f ingers as she's got a habit a rul she had on a "·aist made like her husband 's shirts of doing, since her last baby "·ent back to its home iu onl y th e <·ollar was turned over like Harold's. Cynthy heaven three days after it came. "That 's it. Sa tau Eld er used to he a real dressy woman, too, but since stands at our shoulder and beckons to us and whispers. ,. "I didn't mean us," says i\I rs. Druggist Perkins, "I she ha<l that piece published in the Ladies' Journal about how she made a gavel out of a croquet mallet she 's meant sinners.'' l\Irs. Hawkins started to speak, but didn't; just sat "hanr-:ccl. !::>he's got uppish and tries to dress lik e an aut hor·c•ss, and s!Jc 's hung a picture of l\Ir. Bok in the twisting her fingers. 'fhen Fannie Martin says: "I asked Will what he though made so many crimparlor at tli<' hot<·! which her husband runs opposite Eliza Crossing the I cc-meaning of course that she hung inals, and he says if children were taught to put their money in the bank instead of spending it all for candy ;\! r·. Bok opposite E liza, not that Eliza has anything and such, crime would decrease fifty per cent. And t o do with running the hotel. Cynthy got real red but she didn't answer, just he says every child that wants to commence to san, r ap pPd with her gavel and said the meeting would cumc he '11 give him a cute little bank for nothing, and h e'll to ord<'r, and we would open the program with a solo keep the key himself so's nobody else can open it. " "I think," says l\Irs. Dinwiddie, "that mothers are hy l\lrs. Ban], er l\fartin. Fannie has a 1rew ukulele and she hinted to me, as chairlady of the program com- to blame because children grow up criminals. Don 't mittee, that she \vanted to be on the program, so I had you r emember that Gains' boy who was sent to the - to let her , although I approve neither of heathen in- Whittier reform school, how flat his head was on the struments nor Pannie 's frivolous songs. After the back 1 \Vell, I think it was because his mother let him lay on his back all the time when he was a baby, so 's r eading of the minutes, our president says: "J_,adies, we are now ready to take up the subject his head grew a funny shape and his brains didn't get for this afternoon's discussion . As you know, crime to spread out. I think that makes lots of criminals, and has r ecently raised its hydra head in our midst. Esc t here ought to be a law passed making mother s lay their teemed members of our own club have been its victims. babies on their sides.'' " That 's just what's the matter already," says Mrs. One lady lost two pies, another a ham, another a pail of milk, another some ·gentleman's wearing apparel off Mayberry Crump, getting excited. Milt. McCoy got her her clothesline. We ladies feel that the time is auspi- husband's position as constable after last election. "I cious to discuss this momentous problem that we may asked my husband what made so many criminals -and he arrive at some conclusion whereby-whereby we may said if he'd been constable we wouldn't have had tha t arrive at some conclusion whereby we (she seemed to wave of crime last fall ; he-'d have had the thief in jail . realize tha,t something was wrong so she looked at her after Martha Simpson's pie went." paper ) -\t.!,1ereby we may arrive at some conclusion "l\Iy husband is as good a constable as there is in as to the cause and prevention of crime, thereby prov- Southern California," says Mrs. McCoy, " ·and I won 't ing ourselves benefactors to our community and the hu- hear him slandered. Didn't he watch through the crack man race. Many long hours since last we met have I in Simpson's barn for two nights after t he crime?'' sat at my d esk with brooding forehead and r evolving "Shucks," says the widow, "it was just a couple of brain- " pies.'' "That is not the point involved," says Mrs. At''And black spots befor e your eyes,'' the widow in- M �The Western Comrade 25 torney Peterson, who is very intellectual. " It is not his country, that they might remain ladies, safelya question of pie; it is not a question of how much . or safely-" she looked at her paper-"ensconsed midst how little the criminal acquired by his nefarious prac- her children in the sacred precincts of her: l].ome, far ti ces. In taking those pies froni Mrs. Simpson's win- from base man 's struggles in the mart." dow he was not only wronging Mrs. Simpson, he was "What's a 'mart?' " says the widow, but nobody striking at the very foundations of our society, the paid any attention. right of the individual to private property. He should . "I refer," Cyntby says, "to Mr. Bok of the Ladies' hr apprehended and summerarily punished. '' Journal. " . . " It ain't only man 's law he's breakin'' when he " I like the 'Petite ' patterns better, " I heard Fansteals," says Mrs. Perkins. "What's worse, he's break- nie whisper to Mrs. Dinwiddie. in ' the eighth commandment.'' Cynthy frowned. "As you know, this great man Mrs. Peterson went on: " Too many criminals are whom we ladies all admire and love-" slie blushed allowed to escape from the clutches of the law even and . says hastily-" of course, when I say Iov:e, I am after they are apprehended. When you once get a speaking in a-a-" ~r iminal safely incasserated "Platonic sense Y" asks Mrs. you ought to keep him incasAttorney P eterson, trying to sr rated." help her out. chi 1d of A ready ' 'What we ought to do," "Academical· sense," says says l\frs. McCoy, "is to comCynthy, very dignified, not B y MARGUERITE HEAD mence with our children beliking Mrs.' P eterson to think HROUGH fragrant fields of Arcady, fore they are born. My docshe knew more than she A happy little maid tor book says you can make (Cynthy) did. "Mr. Bok does Is skipping where the flowers bloom, your baby be like anything not believe a true lady should Secure and unafraid. you want just by thinking mingle at the polls with the rral hard about it before the other sex. Her divine mission She has no fear of man nor beast, baby's born. I wanted to have is to make the world beautiful For naught can harm her there; . a musician in the family, so Her laughter rings out, like silver bells and good by staying at home Upon the clear, pure air. I played the ·piano all the and raising her children to be time before Genevieve was God fearing men and women." The factory can cfamp no more born and by the time she was '' Ain't that just what I Her soul with iron bands; right year s old she was picksaid Y" Martha Simpson snaps. No more can claim for aching toil ing out pieces with one fin''Oft in r ecent days,'' CynHer tiny, baby hands. grr. '' thy went on, "I have pond"Of course you know,'' ered whether we ladies of CaliSing, little child of Arcady, says Mrs. Dr. Bromley, folding forn ia arc' not wronging our In open-hearted glee ! For you have passed inside the gates her hands in her lap and sex and society by fl ying in \Vh ere hills and woods are free. blushing, "that I · have no the face of Mr. Bok 's teachchildr en · because the Doctor ings. Should we not set a · says my nature is too sensinoble example to our sisters tive for maternal cares. But I do believe that the pre- in other states by refraining to use the franchi.'le, e'en vention of crime rests with our sex·. ·we should make t hough we have it ? May it nat e'en be true that the our homes beautiful and r efined. We should uplift sterner sex has fled to crime and evil ways to drown the opposite sex by the mere sanctity of our presence." their sorrow because ladies are no longer ladies, but "Shuc:Ks," says the widow, " I don 't think it uplifts are i!'en becoming mere women, who struggle at . the a man to make him go out to the garridge every time polls and e'en descend to '·standing on ·soap boxes in city streets exhorting low mobs, or marching about the he wants to smoke, like the Doctor has to." Sometimes we think we can't endure t.he Widow in country shouting 'Votes for women!' E 'en that beautiour society much longer. But Mrs. Dr. Bromley is a ful old fashioned expression that Mr. Bok loves so well, 'The ladi es,' is falling into disrepute! Ah me! pr rfect lady. She pretended not to hear . Cynthia arose, holding in her hand a paper Men have lost their Guardian Angels! Mrs. McCoy, . t hat she'd written about the cause and was may I trouble you for a glass of waterY" After she sipped it with her right eye studying her afraid she would forget. "No doubt you ladies know 1hat in my recent literary career I 'have come in touch paper, she says: (Continued on Page 30) \l-ith one who has consecra:ted his life to the ladies of T �T he Wes t e r n Comrade 26 p r e p a r e d n ·e s s that ci vilization has been 'ad1 E are told that the By G R AY HARRIMAN vancing · s ince the <;lays of feudl'uit•:d States must \ , prt> pa rc. and many ad vocate · of pre- alism, and that newer things, and truer things, pan·dn ess paint 1·iviu pictures of tJ1e hor: and lar·ger patriotism have come. 'l'hat is; that \l'e . I'<Jrs or war and o[ th e great calamities waut living men, aud ·not dead heros. In being subject to a foreign attack, they do 11 0t that will befall the United States, owing to t l1c raet of its unprepared condition. tell us from which angle the attack will appear. 'l'lwy Th<·.v rais~· their hands to" the sky and, do 11ot tell us where an attacking country will be able with imploring voir·<•s. beg of' us to take our guns from to secur·e the requisites to carry an army either across the hr·arth slonl's, turr1 0111· pnuiing lmii.es into sabt·es, the Pacific or the Atlantic. They rlo not tell us of any a1HI •·111<'1' th•· rna<! dnn•·e ol' dea.th t hat i·.,- being carried special reason wl1y a for·cigi1 country .11·ould come over on in Europe. !1er·c; but just raise their· Yoiees and cry for a band of TIH·sr· sam•· adi'O<·aiPs ol: preparedness do not tell steel ar·ound our shor es. 'l'hey do not remember that today we a r e con esus \l''ilr·n· 1h!',l' an· goin g to stop. '!'h ey do not give us a lirw of a..tion to rolloll'. They do not give us a posi. pondingly prepared in r egard to England and Gerti1·<· <'tH·my to f'il cL', hut tii P:V t<· ll us that.w e arc on the many, as much as \\·as England correspondingly pren•rg<• or a eonfli..t. \\'ith whom the eonfli<:t 1rill hP, th ey pared to mc<·t Napoleon in the vietot:ious stmggle. Yet do not s11y. they fo rget tliat Napoleon was unable to control for forty-eight hoUI'S the w<·t ditch , and t hey would have '1'1~< · J\mPri•·an <·i1iz<'n must understanu the b eat of the drum , the hl11r<· o[ th P trumpet anll the waving of some> h(']iel'c that th cr·e is tocl<ty a power, or com bina1111gs. and !'il r!' rully 11nal,vz<· th e motil'es and the per·- tion of powl'rs, that could contr·ol our mudpuddles for sons iidi'O!·<~tin g thi.-; all irnporhmt doctrine o[ prc- a per·iotl of three or fonr months. '!'h ey tell us in their pan•dn css. Th<·.v must 110t only analyze the motives, y<'llow joumals that w e are after international combut th ey must also st•e who at'!' 1o he t he ones that will mercial supremacy ; that it means the economic upbuilding of · onr nation. 'J'h ey tell us that we must go into benl'fit. from sw·h a policy. The pre[Hll'<'<lnt•ss supporters do not tell us in,- glow- :Jrex ieo: that it nwaus the opening · of vast opportuniing II'OI'!Is ol' patriotism, that Dupont of. the Dup<Ynt ties to the Am eric:an <:itizcns, but the~' n eglect to tell po1niPr' 11·orks is u pun ·o ur nation a! pn·parPd n<•ss (·om- us that pi·actically all a1·ailable and valued r esources mitt!'<'. Th<·:v do not tell us upon the front pag<'s of of :Jfpxico arc at pr·csent under the domination of Amertheir hired journals that the l\forgan interests are rcp- ican rapital. rcscntc<l there, anu 11gain, they do not tell us that all The~' n rgle1·t to tell us that if we did obtain comof t ht· rnunit ion manuf'aeturer·s of th e Unitc!l ~tales mercial supremacy it would he as it has been in the hnvc th1•ir· r·<·pr·esc ntatives upon ou r· Board of Nationa~ past - und er the a bsolute control of the big concerns. ~afe t:v anJ l'rcpar·etl ncs,;. 'l'lwy clo 110t tt>ll U<; thnt Th<·.v 1lo not tell us that sixty-sc1·cn thousaud out of the,v th emsclvt•s arc not going into the confl id. And e \·cry one huridred thousand dollars raised fot· national th<•y do not tl'll us in this present European t·onflil't revenue got' S tO\\·a r·d the payment of our former war that pra ctica lly Hc~·y shot and shell fir·ed at th e heart dehts, y<'t thPy adYocate the largest na y in the wo:·ld. \\'ith many gcst.iculations and ma11y troubled outof the Uennnn soldier·s by the allies is being paid for hy thP allies to the ~rcat Kn1pp Manufacturing cOI·por- cries, the 11·eak ness and inabi lity ai1d inefficiency of our ation . They do not tell us that every gun that is be- present. army and liH\',\' to eopc \Yith modern antaging uscu by thl' Turks at the Dardanelles \Vas built and onists, are portrayed. \\"e should have the largest ml\'y sold to the Turl's by 'English manufacturers. And of th e world , tbey ·say, and w e should have an army again, tlwy do not tell us th~t smc of the German tor- treble that of our present one. But do they say along pedo hoats which recently sank a French transport in what lines this is to he done ? Do they say how the inthe l\Ieditenam·an with 600 souls aboard ·was d esigned effi r ieney and inc·ompetency that now exists in our in the lnited RtatPs and built by an English shipbuild- pr·esPnt mil itary arrangements will he eradicated? Do ing con cern. they tell us h0\1' wt> are going to get bettet· armor for But th<·y do tt•ll us in g lowing words of patriotism our cruisers . Do th ey tell us how we are going to get that there has come a time when the m11nhood of th e better (• ]othes and food for om· soldiers? Do they tell Unitf'd States should willingly sacrifice themselves be- us how we arc going to eliminate the <lOrruption among fore the alter of :Jfars. They seem to ha,·e forgotten arm:' officials ? No. most assu red ly they do not. - �The Western Comrade America wants to become the •·hief commercial power of the world. She also wants to become au all influential power from a military standpoint. Is preparedness along t he lines of our formet· policy and along the lines of the European policy going to be the most efficient and the most advisable one for such a military nation to pursue 1 Practically all military critics are agreed that t he old type of battleship is on the junk pile and one anu all agt·eed that the old forms of battalion fighting ha1·c become passe in the face of the rapid firing ~uns of modern times. 'l'h cy a rc also agreed that our great fo rtresses lia 1·e become a thing of th e past. Th e causes of t he European coullict a rc a host of natious, thickly •·t~ngcst e d , lil'iu g under cliffcreu t !-(O I'CI'llliH!nts, with different iustitutions, different id eals. different snr· ial r Piations and diffpr·ent ceollollli<· <:onditi ons. Th ey ar·p fn ll of tradi tions, hatred a nd a nimosities. 'l'hPy pxist nnd <·r a syst Pm of laws that arc unjust and ~lo not prrmit tli <'m to wor·k out in their own way tl1 Pir own salvation. Th ese various nat ion. are divided , not acrordin~ tn th Pir r r al natural charal't cristics, hut aecording to geograph ir al li rH•s ia id down hy a few powerfu l pltlt;m·hs. They nrc ln·ought hourly in • ·t~ nta r t with eaeh other, and ahov,• all of t his f'arh nation is a rmed to tiJ,. t ert h in ordrr to he prepared fot· pearr. On e can r eP.dily sec that th••t·r are a good many grevia ners and a good many hatr·eds t hat are 11atural to a rise in the course of Pl'f'nts. That thf'se m·med camps nud nr·med instit utions to · p romote. prnce and br otherly love sometimes goo up in smoke has been proven. \\'hat will be the r esul t of t his European conflict 1 Ther e will be vast mohs of hungry people and bankl'llpt governments. 'l'hcr·e will be a rar·e of mutilated men. · There will hr all po terity of Europe in bonda ~rr to pay off the debts incu rred by this war which is not going to t he n:ttions them elves, but to t he mu nition owners. Tn the United ~ tates. we find r.,·r·man, Greek. French, Italian. F.n~li h and Belgian p eople, air l!it therE>d here and liYina in com- munities and working their own salvation according to their own religions, ideals and institutions ; all because they are p ermitted to function naturaJly under laws that are more liberal: Yet to. insure p eace among t hese foreign elements, that consist in our heterogeneous makeup, we do not arm each faction that we may · prepare them to live in peace and harmony, but we do disarm them and give them laws t hrough which they can work their own salvation. As one can r eadily see from om· geographical locatio,n and from our political institutions the causes which ha1·e r esulted in the European conflict arc not to be found as the r easons that th e exponents of preparedn ess give u s. Our geographical position fo restalls the possibility of itll'asion. Our polit ical, so<·iHl and economic institutions arc at ntriance with the idea of a possible conftiet with Europe. Two yea rs ago t he armies of E nrope were the best equipped in the world. Europe also had t he best commerce in the world and its r esources were unlimited. At t hat time our enthusiasts over prepar edn ess claimed our army could meet nil such conditions as might arise. Today, when the-' armies of Europe arc being destroyed, and nations becoming bnnl~:rupt, our preparedness .fr iends claim we arc in eminent danger from im·asion. Th ey do not, in their patriotic and enthusiastic addresses, state t he on e well lmown, yet little acknowledged fa ct that every confl ict of nat ions in modern times, has been settl ed, not hy th e bull et , or t he dying soldi er· on the field of battle, but hy a hoar d of astute diplomats who have sat leisurely smoking ar ound · a mahogany table. Can our enthusiasts over prepared ness deny t he vietory Tallyrand gained fo r France was n ot f11 r greater t han that gained hy the sword of Napoleon ? Can t hey for moment deny that Japan lost practically all for which she fought in her war with Russia Y Yet t hey believe we should go on killing each other in · order that merchant · princes may reap prosperity and skilled diplomats may fully settle the r eal issues of the conflicts. \ Ve do not for a moment acknowledge in this ar~ment that we 27 What the War Really Means:. (I WAR is a pitiless revealer of motives. (I The present war is a struggle for economic supremacy between the capitalist interests of various nations, (I But-what are the ' deeper economic cauaea? The "law of motion" driving the nations to slaughter? SOCIALISM AND WAR By •- LOUIS B. aoUDIN ol "no Tlooorollcollrato• ol ltort MwL" (I This book tells you, in a pop- ular but thoroughly scientific way. (["Socialism and War" has attracted attention in Europe and America. Boudin is a great Marxian scholar. His explanation of the economic basis of Imperialism is superb. (I No scientific jargon - a dear intelligible atudy of Socialiam, Capitalism a n d War, Price $1.10, Postpaid You can get this remarkable book · in coml.Jinatlon with t he Western Comrade for $1.25. Make all checks or money or ders payable to The Western Comrade 924 Higgins B uildi ng Los Angeles, Cat. The Llano del Rio Colony is desirous of enlarging its Printing Press Dept. WANTED CYLINDERer OtherPRESS Typetletliag UNOTYPE Mac b l aery aad EQUIPMENT Address: Printing Dept., W~STERN COMRADE, 924 Higgi na Building Loa Angelee, Calif orn i a �'J'he Western Comrade 28 should throw away our arms. But would al o do away with our iioodetl system of our army and navy should be made efficient. That the graft and corruption, which results from Subscription Price Fifty Cents a Year the profits of the munition interIn Clubs of Four Twenty-five Cents ests, should be eliminated by the Job Harriman, Managing Editor government in taking over all inFrank E. Wolfe, Editor dustries and resources, including Frank H. Ware, Associate Editor: VoL lii March, 1916 No. 11 the steel industry, munition factories, railroads, telegraph and telephones. S t a r t l e r s Instead of an army of idlers In case of war perhaps I would i.P peace times an industrial go.-'l'HEODORE ROOSEYE~'l'. army should b~ created and should W c Americans really consider be put to work developing natural other races than ours inferior.- resources, irrigating arid wastes, constructing highways, building ,JOHN REED. canals and a host of other services Pardon me, there is no such thing that they could render the public. as a "capitalistic system. "-LESThis would create an army of LJE ::'II. SIIAW. skilled artisans. It would make Why should we wait for a Ford 1 them well able to cope with any and Why not travel in our own car, co- all emergencies in time of war. It operatively built and owned.-A. l\L SIMONS. One hundred forty . ears ago the United tates was called upon to take a stand w~hich placed her at once far in advance of other nati01 • toward the ultimate goal_of civilization. It was a stand for demo racy. We, as Americans, are prouu our forefathers did what they could to establish a democracy and there ha today come another such crisis wh n every American should take anoth r such stand that will place the United States again foremost in the onward march of civilization. lf we adopt a policy of preparedness we would be going back toward a period of military feudalism. Such a policy must not be adopted, for · then we could not, with any consistency, advance, whE'n this war i over, a policy of internationnl disarmament and the establishment of the United States of the World. ·THE WESTERN COMRADE we do maintain that the present labor condition . . . . . .43 Entered u aecond-clua matter at the post olllce at Los Angeles, Cal. 924 Higgins Bldg., Los A.Bgeles, CaL Senators at'e so careful about the information sent to the people of the United Statrs.-SENA'l'OR REED of l\Iissouri. In spite of our panicl<y patriots, who are diligently sowing the gospel of feat·, there is no real danger from war.- AMOS PINCHO'l'. On subjects in which- Americans arc vitally interested it has been Roosevelt who has uttered the great American ideas. -'-- WILLIS H. BOOTH. 'l'here is much talk of prosperity sweeping tln·ough ·the land, but the prosperity which springs from rivet'S of blood and tears is not the prospel'ity that will benefit any nation.RUDOLPH BLANKENBURG. :Military and naval records of the last year show that more than 50 p er cent of the young men applying fot· enlistment last year were mentally, physically ot· morally .•unfit to sene in the army or navy.-OTTO McFEECY. 'l'her i not a pharisee of high or low degree in the whole bourgeois aggregation of patriots who has the courage and honesty to tell the truth and to announce boldly and unequivocally that be stands for war.E GENE V. DEB...:. The Children'S House contin ued from page 22 children take in the early after- for the horses that are accorded to noon. Mildred is instinctively responding to the inner demand for rest, which the average child fights untiringly. "Scientific Pedagogy" teaches: that it is not natural for . children to be violently boisterous and unruly. "Scientific Pedagogy" reveals the fact: that children love to study and to learn; that they love to work as well as to play; that they are naturally very responsive and obedient to rational guidance, but that a false and arbitrary pedagogy which holds the:n to · forced and unnatural ol-.edience to unnatural methods develops the spirit of revolt under which they r eveal a disrespect for themselves and their elders. In Llano Del Rio Colony, I say we are experimenting nQt only with the little children from two and a half years of age to six, but we are extending the spirit and purpose of "Scientific Pedagogy" through the grades. Under a most efficient physical culture and play ground director the children are sweeping and dusting the school rooms, keeping the school yards in order, clearing ground of brush and stone for a garden, turning the soil with their own labor. planting the seed, caring their use, making bricks and planning and building a club house; they receive the money that is usually paid t9 a janitor, and with this money they purchase play ground apparatus and other necessary equipment. They are constructing their own swimming pool and are learning to swim and run and play ball as well as to work and study. One evening in each week all t he children of all the g rades dance and leam to dance in the General As· sembly Hal!. On this occasion only the adult who chooses to teach a child to dance can have access to the floor. We find this a most successful method o drawing out the latent springs of unselfishness in the grown people and as grown people learn in exactly the same.' way . as do the children, we feel that Llano is extending the " cientiiic Pedagogy '' to meet the needs of every one from the least to the largest. There is no resident of Llano but sees and acknowledges that this method "will open up to the mind and heart the fields of excellence in human endeavor; that will be a training in the simple, lowly, kindly virtues of Justice and Brotherhood. " �Th~ Western Comrade 29 I nvasion By FRANK H . WARE TROOPS suffering from exposure; Plodding along, weary and footsoreDay by day through desert waste, Hot and thirsty, Living only on half rations\.,.\aught but the jangle of equipment .llid the rattle of artillery (her cacti, brush and rocks, )!inglcd with the scuffling march Break the silence. \\' ith nauseous smell of sweating flesh l·'ouling the air of their new, made camp; Cool night, in somber silence, ~t e als down and wraps itself () ·er their hot bodies. · ~lidst power and wealth-and povertyShrieking loud, "Revenge!" Through organs kept and prostituted, Fat-bellied masters slyly wink and say : " Are not these troops, our troops? ls not this war, our war Y Does not the land invaded now, Brlong to us ?" U p to-date SHADES of the European night- mare ! The next day following the Columbus raid a cavalryman·of San Diego, dressed in khaki and ra rtridge belt, stepped into line before a justice of the peace, and was married to the lady of his heart. \Yith proud and pompous step <rharacteristic of the military Henry) he marched to the train on the following day, kissed his bride good-bye, and left her at the station glowing in the fact she was the first war bride. Who said our army is behind times! \V a · r A Orders RECENT newspaper report said '' 700,000 rounds of ammunition left United States munition plants for Mexico. More will follow:" It has. This vast amount of munitions is not for the use of invading Americans, but for use on these Americans by Mexicans, under orders from American capital. lgn~rance is the f;reat Curse! . Do you know, for instance, the scientific difference between love and passion? · Human life is full of hideous exhibits of wretchedness due to Ignorance of sexual normality. Stupid, pernicious prudery long has blinded us to sexual truth. Science was slow ·in entering this vital field.. In recent years commerclallsts eyeing profits have unl!)aded many unscientific and dangerous sex boolts. Now, the world's great scientific minds are dealing with this subject upon which human happiness often depends. No longer 'ts the subject taboo ~tmong intelllgent people. We take pleaeure ~ring to the American publlo the work of one of the world'l greatelt authorltlee upon the queltlon of eexual ilfe. .He 11 Auguet Forel, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., of Zurich, Switzerland. Hla book will open your eyee to youreelf and explain many myeterlee. You will be better for thle knowledge. Every profe11lonal man and woman, those dealing with social, medical, eriminal, legal, religious ·and educational ·matters wlll find . this boolt ot immediate value. Nurses, police ofllcials, heads of public institutions, writers, judges, clergymen and teachers are urged to get this book at once. The subject is treated from every point of view. The chapter on "love and other irradiations of the sexual appetite" is a profound exposition of sex emotions-contraceptive means discussed-Degeneracy exposedA guide to all in domestic relations-A great book by a great man. "The Sexual Question" Heretofore sold by subscription, only to physicians. Now offered to the public. Written tn plain terms. Former price .$5.50. Now eent prepaid for $1.60. This is the revised and enlarged Marshall English translation. Send check, money order or stamps. ·Gotham Book Society, Dept. 387 General DeaJera in Boob. Sent on Mail Order 142 West 23rd St., New York, N . Y. A TEMPTING OFFER • Hundreds o! subscriptions a re pouring Into the circula tion department o! the Western Comrade through combination otrers. This month we have several new ones added t o the list. Would you like to get THE NATIONAL RIP-SAW with the Western Comrade at a reduction ? Just send seventy-five cents to the drculatlon department o! the WESTER~ COMRADE, 924 Higgins Bldg.. I.os Angeles, CaJ .• and be placed on the mailing list o! both magazines !or one year. Telephone Home A-4638 HARRIMAN & LEVIN Attorneys at Law 921 Hig1na BulldlDc Loa Ancelea, Cal. Home A-2003 Kabl tlt A.J, ITEVENI Dentlat 308 South Broadwa1 "Room 614 Loa Allplea, Cal. �The Western Comrade 30 Women's Magazines 'l'he Western Comrade has arranged several good combination offers for the benefit of its women readers . . Among them are: Today 's magazine and MeCall's, both with the Western Comrade for one year for $1.25. 'l'his includes a free May Manton pattern and a free McCall pattern. Another t empting offer is 'l'oday's and Housewife and the ·western Comrade. Th ese three can be had in combination for one y ear for $1.00. Still anothc~ffer· includes several magaz· es. It is 'l'oday 's. \\'om an s \Vorld , Home Life, P eopl e's 'opulnr l\ronthly and th r W est · ~ Comrad e all for one yrar for $1.50. All ch ecks or money ord ers should be made to tl1e WESTERN COMRADE 924 Higgins Bldg. Los Angeles, Cal. We s t f . 1 e 1 d why this was. So he resolved to ask the Rev. B. U. Stupid for his advice on the subj ect . To ask his parents made sitting uncomfortable. So the n ext Saturday at his weekly lesson in Catechism, which he r eally despised, he ventured to ask th e question : "Why is it, Domini that all animals have the s!).me number of bones in their backs Y' ' · "God made them that way." ." ' 'Couldn 't God think of any diffe l·ent number 1" ing on our hind legs, and having our heads up just because we have our forepaws off the ground." ''Who have you been talking t o that told you this 1'' snapp d the preacher. "That is infidelity. Don 't let me hear it again. Who told you these things, Ben 1 Tell me f'' "God, " answered Ben. " You said God is in everything. Well, I j.ust learned these things from the things God made." "No, you didn 't, " snapped the parson. "Yes, I did. Nobody ever told me a thing, only I was beat up f or "0, Sres. " ' ' 'l'hen wf1y didn 't h e 1 H e even askin g questions on things that are shaped them th e same, only differ- here by n o fault of mine. If God ent in size. 'l'hen the legs and arms don 't want me to think, why didn 't of man and cows are not much dif- h e make me without a h ead 1" " You a t·e excused from the class, ferent, and even bats and gods are B en, until y ou a re r eady to t ell who made just like us." '' Oh, n o; we a re very different. · has been t ellin g you this nonsense." And Ben "-ent out, sorely puz\Ve carr·y our heads up, and t he beast rat'ries its head down . " zled. H e, however, r esolved that if "What a bout ducks and geese, and roostet·s and stallions. It looks truth wer e infidelity, he would be to me th at "·e are just animals walk- an infidel. The Cause of Crime Our Greatest Offer! Here is a combination offer of The American Socialist, official organ of the National Socialist Party, the famous "1914 National Campaign Book" and The Western Comrade that not one reader of The Western Comrade can afford to let slip by. The American Socialist for one year Ia .... • .... $ .50 The 1914 Campaign Book . •!iO ' The Western Comrade for one year is . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Total ... . ....... . . . ... $1.50 We will make you a combination of above for just $1.00 the Take advantage of this offer now ! Address : Circulation Manager THE WESTERN COMRADE 924 Higgins Bldg. Los Angeles. Cal. Continued from . page 10 "Ladies, let us do om humble part to give :back to th e opposite sex the ideal woman of y esteryear. Next election instead of mingling at the polls, let us r emain in the sanctuary of our homes; let us don our softest gowns, and with our babes gathered about us, our dainty embroidery in our hands, let us ask Mrs. Martin to t ake our photographs with her kodak, then I will collect them and forward them to the Ladies' Journal to publish, with the title, ' California Ladies Who Do Not Vote." "Shucks, Cynthy, " says th e widow, "we 'd look like idiots. " ''My sister says some of the richest ladies in Los Angeles are suffragettes," says Fannie. " I think they're lots sweller than the antis. " I knew it was time for me t o speak now or else hold my peace forever. "Ladies," I says, "as wife of the j udge and leading member of the Immanuel Baptist church, I think I may call myself a lady as much as any ·o f you ; but if God hadn 't intended us ladies to go to the polls and vote he wouldn't have given us Contin_ued__ from P:'_g~ 5 the chance. God has chosen we California ladies like be ·chose Moses of old to lead his children out of the wilderness of J>in and crime which is swallowing in its greedy maw our great and glorious nation. Ladies, th e r eal cause of crime is the three A 's-Atheism, Alcohol and Anarchy ! B€hind eYery crime, ladies, if you want to find the criminal, look for one of t he A 's. Have you lost. a pi.e? IJook for an A. Did you lose a ham ? One of th e A 's did it! A bueket of milk 1 One of th e A 's took it! A pain of gentleman 's apparel ? A again ! Ladies, · I mention no names, but the three A 's are in our midst. Beware! La· dies. I say, beware ! I thank you. ' ' After I sat down th e ladies just looked at me with their mouths open. Finally Mrs. Dinwiddie says: "Who do von mean 1" "I mention no names, " I says. · "Across the river is a heathen Jap rancher. H eathens ·are atheists. Maybe he took the things ~:~.nd maybe he didn 't. Maybe it was one of the other A 's. "But we ain't got any alcoholics now, since Tim Barker was sent t o �31 The Wes'tern Comrade Patton. And we never had any oi yourselves on Socialists like I have them t errible Anarchists, P,raise by reading the Los Angeles Times, Uod. " you'd know that nearly all the " You don 't haYe to get drunk to crimes committed up there are done he an alcoholic,'' I says. "Anybody by Socialists or I. W. w::s, which that would be seen carrying home is the same thing." 11 demijohn ri ght in broad daylight I unfolded my paper. "See right lil; t' I >:aw that · Dago that lives l!ere today. Here 's a piece headed, 11eross the t racks, would do any- 'I. W . W. thug beats up lady.' And th ing. lit' is an A. 1 don 't say it's oYet· here's another-' St reet car hi m. but I warn vou! " bandits busy-probably Socialists.' " Yt's, hut- ". Do you think such people would " Jt mi ght be the Da go and again ht'sitatc at stealing a pie ?" it mightn 't. Ladies, I mention no ' ' There's a duchess or something lla llH' s. But beware. It might have over in England that's a Socialist, hc>rn thr last A !" or Socialess, " says Fannie.· "What "' \Vh o ~- a' talking a bout ?" says do you call them when they're t il (' " -i cl 0 \\" . ladies ?" " I nw ntion no names," I says. ''They're never ladies,' ' says Mrs. '· Bt'in g a Christian lady I mention Dr. Bromley , "they 're all called So11 u namrs. But ] s a~' · when you're cialists." in\·Pstigatin g crimP, ah\·ays look for '' Or A 's,'' sa~rs I. ' ' Dear friend, ' ' th e th1·cr A 's nnd you '11 find the I says, taking 1\'Irs. Attorney Petertlii r f. _\nvhodv thnt r eads the ]_;os son 's hand, " the pi es and the milk Angeles 'l'.imcs ·ought to know that and the ham are probably gone for- . ~or ialists and .Anarchists arc the eYer, but if you want your gentles:1111P 1hin g." man 's apparel, dear fri end, I accuse " :\fv gra rious!" savs M1·s. P erk- no on e. But watch the A 's." ins, , ;d~ ~· o u menn tiJC Bricklayer " Thry arc indeed a menace to solla rnscs ?'' c i t't~' , ' ' says Mrs. Attorney P eter" I nr·c·nse no one," I says. "I'm son, '' if they carry their pernicious .iust. trlling yon the r nnse of crime. doch·incs so fm·· as to confiscate my 1\townrr . lndi t's, of' nursing vipers in noble hnshnnd 's apparel. In my your hosoms. ' ' opinion th ey should all be incasserated." · " ~huel;s!" says the widow. " TlH~y don 't look like p eople wlio "Amen !" says, Mrs. McDermott. would steal ," says Mrs. McCoy, The widow was about to say " hut you n ever can t ell." '' shucks,' ' so I moved that we ad" Lad irs," T says. "if you'd post journ . After the War th e war, what ? Th e end A PTER is not in sight for the great conflag ration across the seas. Thousands arc dying daily and preparations are f everishly going on to furtht>J' slay thousands-and . for \\'h at ? Thd Elll'opcaP. nations are now on n paper basis. Billions upon hilliow; of debts are piled up and \\' ill never he paid. Th en what ? Ht· pudiation. That ugly word stares the hankers of th e world in the fa ce. Th e 'Cnited States is 01i a ~old standaJ·d. Th e fear of debt J't' pudiation is more serious than the 16-to-1 doctrinl). This is a real llJ••naec. \Vhat of th e uncounted 111illions owed by Europe to Amerit·an han king interests ? It does not matter much what hn ppens in the financial world from What? now on. The world is facing universal bankruptcy. Indeed, the nations ·~£ the earth , as a whole, arc totally bankrupt today. Ther e is not a country that can pay its debts without becoming insolvent. If the gold standard is swept away and th e golden metal r educed to a common commercial commodity, chaos will r eign for th e capitalist lords of the earth. 'l'he labor and fightin g of th e ·w01·ld is now done coll ectively and th e only thing that scpa··ates the mass from a free distribution of the results of labor and war, is the false standard of gold. Co-operation internationally has been advanced decades by the epoch-making c~~s­ trophe on the blood-soaked and historic soil of Europe. -R. K. W. PEARSON'S is the only Magazine of its kind This is why:Three years ago Pearson's decided to be a free magazine: This is what it did:ABANDONED FANCY ~OVERS CUT OUT COLORED PICTURES ADOPTED PLAI PAPER This was the purpose:- A plain form would enable the magazine to live on its income from subscriptions and monthly sales. It 'would not have to consider the effect on advertisers when it wanted to print the· truth about any public question. This was the resutt:Pearson's now prints the truth about some question which affectsyourwelfare in every issue. It prints facts which ...no magazine that depends on advertising could "afford'' to print. And, with all this, Pearsonsstill prints as much fiction and entertainment articles as other magazines. If you want plain facts instead of pretty pictures buy a copy on the news stand for 15 cents, or subscribe by the year for $1.50. . By special arrangement with Pearson's we are able to make you the following clubbing offer. You can get .botn PEARSON'S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN COM· RADE for one year by sending $1.00 to ·. The Western Comrade 924 HIGGINS BLDG. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. Your Combings made into switches for one dollar, postpaid. • Work gtuJrant!ed. MRS. E. TURNWALL Llano, Cal. �ELKS KIN BOOTS and SHOES " Factory operated in connection .~ with LLANO DEL Rio CoLONY Men's 10-inch bootl.$8.00 Men's 12-inch boots. 7.00 Men'• 16-inch boota. 8.00 Ladies' 12-in. boots.. 8.00 Ladies' 15-in. boots.. 7.00 Men's Elk-work shoes 4.00 Men's Elk dress shoes 6.00 Ladies ' Elk shoes. . . 4.00 Infants' Elk shoes, 1 to 6. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.60 Child's Elk shoes, 6¥2 to 8. . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Ohild'a Elk shoes, 8¥2 to 11 . . . . . . . . . 2.60 llilses' and Youths, 11% to 2. . . . . . . . . 3.00 Place atocklng foot on paper, drawing pencil around aa per above 11luatratlon. Pa• tape around at llnu without dn~wlng tight. Glvo olD uaually worn. IDEAL FOOTWEAR For Ranchers and Outdoor Men The famous Clifford Elkskin Shoes are lightest and easiest for solid comfort and will outwear three pair of ordinary shoes. We cover all lines from ladies,' men's and children's button or lace in light handsome patterns to the high boots for mountain, hunting, ranching or desert wear. Almost indestructible. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurement according to instructions. Out of to'\\"D. shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P. 0. order, and state . whether we shall forward by mail or express. SALES DEPARTMENT Llano del Rio Com.pany 924 Higgins Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1916-03 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-03 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n11_191603 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-25 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n11 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b3d8490a56d134dcc6152aeb36bbcc41.pdf 3e1ab431ffcdf20d698086b41145d99b PDF Text Text .• �I ( Information About the Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony Llano, California the gt·catest Community T ill!:;<· ,· er islaunch ed in America. Enterprise The <·olony " ·as founded by Job Harriman and is situated in the beautiful Antelope Valley, Los An geles County, Cali fo rnia, a fe w hours ' ride from Los Angelr•s. Th e comm unity' is solving the prohlt·in of discmployment and business failure, and offe rs a way to provide fo r th e fut ure w elfare of the workPrs and their fami lies. H!'re is an rxamplc of co-operation in action. Llano d(· l Hio Colony is an enterprise unique in the history of <·ommuuity groups. Jt was estab lished in au attempt to solve the problem of unemploy ;··e nt by providing steady <·mploynH·nt for th e wo1kers; to assure safety and •·om fort for the fu ture .:nd fol' old age; to guarantrc rd uf'ati on for the chi ld r en in the best school 1111der· persoual supcn·ision, and to provide a soPial li fe amid surroundings better than can be found in tlH• eom pctiti vc worl d. Thrrc are ahout 700 JWr·sons living at the new to\\·n of Llano. There arc now more t han 200 pupils in th e sc hools, a nd scvcl'al hundred arc expec t ed t o be enroll ecl before a year shall have passed . Plans arc und ct· way for a school building, whi ch will cost several thousand dollars. The bonds have hcen voted and sold a nd th ere is uothing t o delay the buildin g. Sehools hav e oprncd with classes nlllgi ng from th e Montessori a nd kind erga rt en grades through the intermediate, whi ch in cludes the first year in high school. This gives th e pupils an opportunity to tal{(' advanced subjects, in cluding languages in the colony school. Th e colony owns a fine herd of 105 head of J ersey and Holstein dairy cattle and is turning out a large amount of dairy produ cts. Thel'e is st ea dy d emand for our output. Thet·e are over· 200 hogs in the pens, and among them a large numher of good brood sows. This department will be given sp ecial attention and ranks high in importan c~. The colony has seventy-five work horses, two large tractors, three trucks and a number of automobiles. The poultry department has 2000 eggmaking birds. some of them blue ribbon prize winners. This dPpartment, as all oth ers, is in the charge of an expert and it will expand rap idly. There are several hundred hares in the rabbitry and the manager of the d epartment· says ' the arrivals arc in startling numbers. 'fher e are about 11,000 grape cuttings in the ground and thousands of deciduous fruit imd shade trees in the colony nursery . This d epartment is being steadily extended . The com munity owns several hundred colonies of bees which a1·e producing honey. This d epartment will he in cr eased to several thousands. SeYera l tons of honey arc on hand . Am ong other industries the colony owns a steam laundry , a planing mill, large modern sawmill, a printing plant, a machine shop, ;:t tannery, a rug and ca rpet w eaving plant, and a number of other producti vc plants are contemplated, among th em a cannery, an ice plant, a shoe factory, knittin g and wea,·in g plant, a motion pi cture company and facto ry. All of this machin ery is not yet set up owin g to th e stress of hand ling th e crops. Th e POlonists are farming on a large s·cale with the use of mod ern mach in cry, using. scientific syst em and tri ed methods. About 120 acres of gar·den was planted last year. The results hav e been most gratifying. Social li fe in th e colony is most delightful. Entertainments and dances are r egularly establish ed functions . Baseball , basl< et-ball, tennis, swimming, fishin g, hunting and all other sports and pastimes are popular with all ages. Several hundred acres are now in alfalfa, which is ex pected to run six cu ttings of heavy hay this season. Th er e are t\\"O P.roducing orchards and about one hundred acres' of young pear trees. Several hundred acres will be planted in pears and apples next year. Six hundred and forty acres have been set aside for a site for a city. 'fhe building department is making bricks for t he construction of hundreds of homes. 'l'h e city will be th e only one of ito; kind in the world . It will be built with the end of heing beautiful and utilitarian . There are 1000 memberships in the colony and most of them are subscribed for. It is beli eved that the remaind er will be taken with in the next few months. I l I -I �I ( C 0 N "T EN TS Page 5 Editorials By Frank E. Wolfe. Bl<>ssin~s of JgnoraneP !) By Emanuel Julius. A :\lillionaire 's Vision ( Poem ) 1l By \Vilby Heard. Jolting the ,J in!!oes 13y Edmund R. Brumbaugh. Tlw :\Ian \Vithout a {'ountr·y •) . 1'"' By A. F. Gannon. Thr·ou!!h Eyes of Tomol'!'ow By l•;rn est S. Wooster. Enthusiasm Hult>s Llano Hi By R. K. Williams. 22 :\font csso rians By A. C. A. On Big Rock Creek Llano l\fusings By John Dequer. \\'edd ing R Plls By Clara R. Cushman. ThP Prcpan• r: ( Po('m ) . 2(i By A. F. Gannon. IL"L U STcRATION S Pt•cpi ng Into Paradise Frontispi ece ! 'nde 'amuels 6 Buying Labor 7 ~om e The Day ~e w ". ick :\Ian·' Out of tlw TrPnche. 11 lfj �( .P ping nto Paradi l'tH\\n f,,, .,,_f> ,,..,. t..-r·n c·nmradf• h~- l. \. Kt-mpf �I THE WESTERN COMRADE __________________________________ o __ev_p_t_ed___ to__ t_ _h_e __c_~_ un ___o_f __t _h e__vv __o_rk_e_n___________________________________ Co· operation Political Action VOL. III Direct Action LOS ANGELES, CAL., FEBRUARY. 1916 NUMBER 10 Big Rock Basin Looking South F r om the Dam Site E D I T I~I:\ (; the priee of ga~olint· R Awas th e l<l"l'atc•st blunde r e\·et· 0 ~n·a t I A L s ot: rc•g;ll at ion it will first be n eccssary ro prove gaso lin e is a pu~ ntilit.L '!'hat should he l':tii.Y, hut it ~ -1-r-iasoJin c is a publie utility, so is !'!lbPit.:atmg oil; so is hard grease and spark phrgs.- -flasolin c r ·gulation is a ghastl,v joke•. ] n the E ast tlw 1nir·e is much high er. \\'hi lc sir in!!ton is paying twPnty-1 hrcc ce nts or more a gallon, th•• l ' nited Stat<"s lm.-; not paid more 1han Pil·l·r·n ePJrts. ,\ t e l• ~n n t·ents ther·c arc scv<'ral ec·rtts a gallo11 profit. Ju Califnl'llia t lrr·r·p is g r·Patc·r· prodwtion of cmdc oil than cn r !Jrforf' in 1Ir e histot·y of tlrc~ industry. By tl w n ew p1·or: rss, low gravit,\' oil c·an he refined and gasolin r produf'<'d at a )o\1-c r rate than before. Ther·p has ahnrys hr·c·n Sf'\'l'l"al hundr·cd percent profit in gasnlinP. Tlu· oil lands o( California were alrnost all stolf'n frorn tlr l' 1wopl•·. 't'lrc F-itandard By Fra nk E. 1Vo lfe h~' the oil h·ust. ]t !'an squar·PI.v against tile mitltlle •·lass- that strong bulwark of capitalism wlrit·h has stl'nrlfa~t l.v withstooel the· arguments of th e· ~ o•·ialists. ln ( 'alifol'llia at·tiou has hePn started that indi ratl's that an Hl'lHJ!WIIIent would J~.v: if a lf'adet· would hut sprinl-! up in t ~st of the outrag"d IIHtss or autQJ.l.I.CI-~ · e ennters who haye seem the p1·ir e !.l.Ll-1-tdr~tin• fiu itl n«'nrly doubled within a few \\'l'l'ks. First a littl e mtwieipal hoard of publi c utilitir .~ wns lt ppPaiPc! to. Th en th e ma,vor of Los Angeles. Th(·n eommit tees ,,.<'r e appointed. An appeal was IIHtdt> to the .'tatt' Haihva~· ConJmis ion ( tatr hom·rl nf puhlic· ntilitir•s \ . ln OJ'de'J" to earry out th e fan·e rnadl' R .,,.a ~--------­ �I T·h e W e s t e r n C o m r a d e 6 .~~~ ~ - -- - - - . - •3.!'~.-. 2 Oil is brazenly drilling wells on lands that are in li tigation and ag!}in they are showwg their contempt for the "sovereign people." To the Socialist reader the solution is obvious. But in hope that we catch the eye of the unawakcncd, we give th e solution: RESTORATION 'fO THE PEOPJ.JE OF THAT WHICH HAS BEEN CONFISCATED. THE COLLEC'fiVE O~ERSIDP 0F TillS AND ALL OTHER SDURCES · OF LIFE. U + + + •• ~ ,.... - - .. ~. . the state. The previous occasion was when a special commissioner of the Governor discovered them during the San Diego free-speech fight. That this is the chorus of the French National anthem has not soaked through the brain of any policeman or speci al investigator. This situation almost parall els the discovery made by the brightest cub reportet· on a Sacramento newspaper who discovered a plot on the part of fi ve desperate characters who were about to march on ock. Island and seize th e ·arsenal, if there be one there; thence march triumphantly to the capture · of Chicago; thence on arid on, all fiv e of them, to the oYerthrow -of the Government at Washington. God bless the daily press. 'Tis not only th e palladium and bulwark of our f reedom, but it adds greatly to . the gaiety of nations in the dull-drab depths of a dismal season. XTRA ! Uxtt·a! Horrors of war a11d an im·asion of a peaceful lahor·ing r epubli c! The I. W. W. agitat_ors are going to descend f rom the nail kPg and do something. \\' (' have the assurance of th r- capitalist press that tjr is is· th e case. -----Th e industr · workers are to · ade J,ower Californ ia, a land populat ed hy fi erce handitt i, helodrrmas and horned toads. 1'h e plan was for th e I. W . + + + W. to marshal a great HE Socialist Party as army of hlanket stiffs and organized in Califorseizzorbi lls, armed with nia is a wonderful instituthe deadly bindlesti ck , tion. It !1as a state execumarching with fl a t-wheel ti ,.e hoard ; a state office, a goosestep, into a seething state secretary and a state Uncle Samuels maelstrom of de facto and mimeograph. Combined, - The Passing Show, London other kinds of j efe pothis is a mighty piece of liticos of Tijuana Baja. enginery and presently, F ederal officers have been ransacking the rooms when it gets ready to clove, it will sp itlicate the capo[ these embryonic invaders in Los Angeles and italist system and send the decentralized f ragm ts among th e other deadly and damning evidence has scattering through space. been found a red-back ed songbook containing th ese Just at present, however , its mimeograph-secrefateful words: tary is busy in much weighti et· matters. Having cleared the decks, if not th e atmosphere, by condu ct" To arms! To armS.! Ye brave! The avenging sword unsheath. ing opera bouffe heresy trials, the inky-blinky in March on, march on, all hearts resolve stitution r eels out monthly if not weekly circular On victory or death." letters "to th e Locals and Branches." Most of these Th ese turribl e words once more officially alarm are prefaced hy th e stereotyped phrases, "we are T �I The Western Com r ade - ,-onstautly receiving inquiries concerning the Ll~no derful success that it is achieving and rejoices that "olony." 'l'his is the straw-man method and smacks it has not "the remotest connection either directly of' the system of 'Yriting letters to onetSelf and ans- or indirectly" with a morbund group centered wering them in the "·eekly organ. around a mjmeograpb. + + + To quote one lin e: '"l'he Socialist Party hru; not l!O\Y not· ricver has had the remotest connection, eithet· · T HIS magazine recently published an appeal for one of the leading anarchist writeL·s of America IIi rcc:tly or indirectly, " -ith this colony." To this to vrite a book which would orient students 'who seek ".,. always say lr eartily, "Amen and amen!"' The Socialist Part? of California under the guid- knowledge on just what t he philosophy of anarchy may be. One is r eminded a n ~:c of the S. E. B. aud of the necessity of some its mimcographer - has such wor·k where they c.:>nwrought in so masterl y a sider· th·e diverse attitudes liHIItllcr that the dwindling of William C. Owen and 111-PIIlhcrship is at the YanAlex. B erkman. Owen has ishing point. The hHgest, been raging about the inmost thriving a-nd widevasion· of Belgium and de;nrak c local in the state is claring that workers of all locat ed at the colony. nations sl10uld ever stand 'l'h crc are a number of ready to repel invaders. locals " ·here our comrades, Berkman, in his new magwith ' splendid spirit, are azine, the Blast, bitterly striving to be constructive assails Congressma~ Meyer in building up membership London hecause he said and sp~·cauing propathat SociaJjsts would deganda. In this their sucfend the country if it were cess is measured by their invaded. indep end ence of assistance Whatever the criticism from th e state headquarmay be, J.Jondon unquesters. 'l'here are more Sotionably spoke the truth. cialists in California at No matter how high-flown this hour than rver hefor e Lloyd George: "Haven 't you any patriotism?" our sentiments or decl~ra­ in the history of the moveBritish Labor: " Aye, I sells it." tions may be, history and ment. \Ve hl).re on th e 1'\e w York Evening ~un the facts are with London. platform now more great . Vv e may say to capitalism, speal, ers than we have f'\'er· had before. Gr·eater interest is taken state "Why should we defend your country 1" But in wide than at any time since the movement began the stress of invasion, whe~e the homes of the workto grow on the Pacific Coast. This i·s not by aid ers, their wives and children in jeopardy, Socialist of the state management, but in spite of its piffling of America ·would find themselves in the- same attitude as Socialists of Belgium and France. and childish methods. Capitalism produces the burglar; but does not The Llano del Rio Colony, with its 700. members, is pt·oud ·(}f th e fact that its foundet' is a man who p1·event the worker f rom defending his family and has spent a long life in the service of the Socialist his possessions. Our much criticised, scientific :\fovement. The community is glad that its mem- analysis, and our interpretation of motives do not J.r rship is solidly Socialists. It is proud of the won- prevent us from being human. It may be true that 7 �I [ ( The Western Comrade 8 t the so-l'all cd <Janger of invasion is a nightmare of j ingo imagination, but thnt is beside the qu esti o~. London 's answer· was correct. \~' hat the Socialists aim to do anrl what tllry must do is to so educate thr wor·kers of all f•ountri es to the point where there can lw no invasion ; and ~'· h e re th er·c 1s no invasion tllt·r<! ean he no · war. + + + C L~:VELA.ND :\lo~ctt ~n writing a scnseh·ss serial lor:\],.( hll'<' s, tllummates a du ll-drab page by a happy seiPdion or a Soc ialist pl edge. 'J'II e article purports to d<·sc·rih<! a war.· in 1922 during which Am<·ri,·a is invadPd . No c·t·rdit is g i,·en to Kir·kpatric·k, hut tiiP writ<·r incli('ates l1is belief that Americ·an Soc·ialists will not all h e reconcil ed to the snppositious war. SPe wha t th e ,.,, aders of :\fcCinre's :\1 a~azinP gc•t: ferocious prayers for victory. For big manufacturers-busin ess profits. For 'Thou Shalt Not KJll'-boisterous laughter . For Christ-contempt." I saw that my companion was deeply moved. "It's all true-what th.ey say, isn't it?" she murmured. . · • " Yes, it's true, but-,-we can't chan'ge the world , we can't give up our country, our independence." This is splendid propaganda, and .it will 'reach myriad of th e desir:able ones, as not all McClure's r eaders ar·r of the Bourgeoise. P + + + OR·K -a nd mor.·e pork! Los Angeles wants her · ha.ms and bacon- from the Na-t ional barrel. Th e method is through th e old gag of establishin g a n:~ ,·y. away ha ck up in t he mud flats. '!'h ere is no r·eason in til (· world wh y l1os "\n gcle.s, which has 110 harbor, should not lHl\'e a lll1\..y yard at its har·bor·. \Ye r espettfull,v submit that Olll' hottom soil , and the hottom is n enr the top, in the inner h:~rb o r is just as suitable for a na,·y yard as th e slimy ooze that ·surrounds th e :\Iarc Islal1d institution where no hatt lcship can C \' Ct' wend its way. Our c ity council is reported as hfU!ir'l-g· -i--otecC unanimously in favor: a r esolution for th e establishment of t his navy y ard. ·w e a r·e for pod<, wh eth er it is for a. Nigger S lough n:~ ,· al hase, or for· dred g in g a navi gable channe l in :\Tcsea l Creek. "It's some bi ~ coup th ey are planning for tonight." s he sa id. ··w e mu~t wait h e re.'' So we waited and. presently, along Wabash avenu e, with crash in g bands and a roar of angry voices. came an anti - militarist Socialist parade w ith floats a nd banners presenting firebrand sentiments that call ed forth jeer s and hisses from crowds a long the sidewalks or again enthuEiastic ch eers from other crowds of contrary mind . "You see there's going to be trouble," trembl ed th e girl, clutching my a rm. " Read that!" A hu ge float was rolling past bearing· this pledge in g reat r ed letters: • · " ! refuse to kill your fathet·. J refuse to slay your mother's son. I refu se to plunge a bayonet into + + + the breast of your sweetheart's brother. J r efuse to assassi nate you a nd then hide my stained fists in the JIEY Hl'l! s .. tt in g thr sta~ l' aga in . ~ ewspape r~ folds of any flag. I r efuse to be flattered into hell's arl' preparing the public l'or their daily . thrill nightma re by a class of well - fed snobs. crooks and het\Y N'n oats and rgg~ cowards who despise our class socia lly. rob our wh C'n they d etail horribl e class econom ica ll y and be ads and dredl' of Dave tray our class politicall y." At this the hos tile Caplan. T he cleputy discrowds roared their aptri Pt attorney, wh o attPnds proval and di sapproval. Also at another .float that to th e huilding of hal'l'iers paraded these words: and setting 1he guards, has "What is war? For working-class wiv eslet it lea k t o th e• cour·t heartache. F'or working housr r r portcrs t hat he f' X cla~s moth ers- lonE>liness. For working- c:.tss chil peC'ts dange rous c har:~ r-te rs dren - orphanage. For to <· rowd th e ('Ou r troom. peace-defeat. For death Some Day- When They Beat Th e ir Spears - a harvest. For nation s ()f l'Olll';;e 1hl're will h r 110 Into Pruning Hooks For bank ers- de bts. effort tn c·1'ra te nn atmosbonds, inter est. For phc·n·. preachers on both sides- · of T �,. . The W.-e stern Com·rade • Bl esstngs 0 9 f I g n o .r _a n c e ERSONS who read B y EM AN U E L J H L IUS This boy star ted to unlearn what goes by the too soon. This dramatic critic name of criticism in t he newspapet·s and did something quite unprofessional. He · began magazines will certainly agree "~ith to study the drama, its history, its philosophy, its Goldsmith that" error is ever talkative." technique. He read many plays ·and much good criticWhile it is true that a little knowledge ism. Instead of slamming Shaw, he began to discuss is a risl;y tl~in g,_ it also is true that much Shaw 's philosophy. ".Androcles and the Lion," wh!m ·knowl edge JS still more dangerous. produced by Granville Barker last winter, was revi~,ed I have in mind a young man who got a job as dra- with something that approximated_intelligence. Emanllliltic editor on one of the afternopn papers. He was a uel Reichet· 's interpretation of Ibsen's "John Gabriel uice c-hap, "·ith all th e ignonmce that one could gat]1er Borll:man" received sincere commenda.tion. Lord in a_small P ennsyh·ania city. H e was not a thinker, D~1sany's oile-act "Th~ Glitterinl Gate" was given hut l1 e was a delightful dan cer . He was not a high- high p1·aise. And he held his job, too, which was conhro\\·, but he " ·as an expert on high-brow drinks. sidered quite r emarkable. AJtc1· six months of cub reporting in New York, Then he went up to F-orty-secqnd street to see a lit• sudd(•nly fo und himself in charge of the dramatic foolish war play-and he wrote a review that must c·olu mn . lt l1appened t hat he knew nothing of the have embarrassed its author. "The White Feather," st ngc, of phtys, of acting. Little did he dream that it " The Fallen Idol," "Experience," "It Pays to Adlras h<'r·ause o[ his ignor:mce that he was given what vertise;" mid other typical Broadway productions were nutny peop le considet· an important po~ition. treated with passionate scorn. What was t he result? H e was a luml \\·orkl't', however, and could ""rite I could put it gently by saying he was "requested to ·< ·olumns a day, wht>n necessary. 'l'his young man had r esign," or he was "let out." I won't. H e was fired. a fe1y Yague ii11pressions. One ·was t hat Shaw was in- H e was bounced. He was canned. This boy had made ----;;lrl~ere. Anothct· was that Shaw is not a creator of a g1•eat mistake: He had tried to be intelligent, to show pln~' S. hut a cl<~vct· writer of conversation. He ofteiJ some knowledge while working on an afternoon paper. n·marbhle that " Shaw mistakes tall.-fo r drama." l<'t'L'- Not tl1at he was f ired for praising the good. No; even qllent ly. he referred to Shaw as "the· inimitabl e. , . that can he· endured. 'l'he trouble with young men is l n ot h(·t· words, he had all the requisites of a . wTiter that wh en they enthuse over th e meritorious there is ol' drnmatic r cvie11·s. And he made good. By con- dan ger that they will frown on the mcritricious. 'l'he ~ist entl~r ridiculing th e good and praising the bad , he managers, the press agents, the advertising men-all got himsc·lf a r eputation. Ibsen was p essimistic. poured down one fine aften10on and demanded the Strindhcrg- was mi santhropic. Hauptmann was dr. young man 's -discharge. He was told that he wasn't p res~i11g. ;\I aeterlinck was not a clear thinker. Brieux consti;uctive. "Destructive critisicm has had its day !" w.as a propagandist. Gorki lack ed hu mor. Andreycv he was informed . was sanlonic. And so on, ;,,·ith many ctcetras. On the 'J'hr moral, of com·se, is obvious-lmowl~dge is a oth er hand. Charles Kl ein ,\·as a thinker who possessed dangerous thin g. Had that youth r emained ignorm1t the dramatic instin ct. George Cohan would someday and continued to lool{ on mediocre persons as the great write th e great American play. Margaret Mayo was artists of the drama, he would not have b n separated a great humorist who could hand Rabclais cards and from a good-paying position. Knowledge is a dis-. spades. Charles Rann Kennedy was a profound philo- tressin g thing. It is not easy fo r an intelligent p erson sopht:r. B elasco was a superman . And so on, with to write; but ignorance, as alt:eady mentioned, is talkIIJ.any ct cPtras. ative-and gets t he bacon. This fasc.inatit~a youth had a genius for being ·w hen a man has a desire for facts, h e is hampered, \\Tong. Being ver,Y busy and ahyays hopping about- t hus making it difficult for him to keep the pace. "He now at th e th eatet·, ww at the office- be had no time that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow," we to think- which wa a fortunate thing. But, youth is learn from tl)e Book of Ecclesiastes. This takes on a •·JTatic- and will al vays do strange things-and this n ew meaning when applied hy my young friend who .nmth ·was no ex ception. Shelley, somewhere ·.in his made good as a dramatic critic because he was delightLetters, ·says "that all of us, who are worth any:thing, fully ignorant and lost ·out when he became interested "pend our manhood in unlearning the follies, or ex- in that truth w.}!ich, as Berkeley exclaimed, is the cry piating th e mistakes of our youth.'" of all, but the gatnc of few. Truth is a torch, but I must �10 The Western Comrade not fail to add that a torch can burn one's fingers. he could devise. It is an exquisite piece of painting, but if you look at it_long enough to get into its -a tmosMen write best who know least. ''A man,'' Schopenhauer tells us in his Counsels phere I think you will be glad to escape from its inand Maxims, ''must be still a greenhorn in the ways of fluence." Is that not a feast of piffle t the world, if he imagines that he can make himself Reporters are not supposed to be interested in popular in society by exhibiting intelligence and dis- news. They must search for "features." A dog may cernment. With the immense majority of people, such bite a ~an-possibly it will get two lines. A wise requalities excite hatred and resentment, which are porter takes that story, gives it a t\vist and has the rendered all the harder to bear by the fact that people man retaliate by biting the dog-and it gets a column. are obliged to suppress-even to themselves-the real The noted lover of animals, Miss Lind-af Hageby, was reason of their anger." interviewed by a number of New York reporters. She It is very easy for the master minds !Jf the news- answered their que.s tions to the best of her ability, but papers-dramatic, literary and art writers-to give iater claimed that the reporters paid little attention to the impression that there is profound knowledge be- her answers. "Have dogs .souls?" she was asked. The hind their vaporings. One of the best tricks is to re- woman said she believed they have souls; and here is sort to names and titles-piling them on thick. For what the papers printed: "l\Iiss Lind-af Hagtlby says mstance, let us suppose a reviewer is speaking of a kippered herrings have souls and warns the American novel. Let me show, somewhat extravagantly, how he people not to eat them in case the herrings·• souls come strings things out: back to haunt people." All of which makes an un"Mr. Hum petty Klinkctty 's novel, which is after happy combination of poor English and a weak and the manner of August ::ltringberg 's 'Confession of a wobbly lie. Fool, ' at times suggests George l\Ioore 's 'Memoirs of Only the other day, I met a woman -who writes :\fy Dead Life ' and l\Iax Stirnet''s 'The Ego and His ''feature'' articles six times a week. She supplies a Own.' For psychological insight, he ranks with Fyodor daily interview with the great and the near great. If Dostoevsky. The characterization is equal to that of she works hard for about 20 years more, she may beGustave F'laubert in his justly famed 'Madame Bov- come as famous as Dorothy Dix. She is always on the ary.' And yet, the simplicity of Turgenef's 'Smoke' is alert for copy and greets everyone with "What's startlthere. He has the humor (minus the vulgarisms ) of ing?" an 0. Henry. In all, Mr. Humpetty Klinketty seems "'Others;'" I averred, "ought . to make a good to be a composite of Lafcadio Hearri, Mark Twain, article. Here is a magazine of interesting freaks-they Benjamin De Casseres, Maxim Gorki, Victor Hugo, write the new verse-imagist stuff." James Huneker, Maurice Maeterlinck, Geol:ge Gissing, "I don't know a thing about i1r-o-" Walt Whitman, Frederick Nietzsche, H~nry George, "Tut!" I interrupted; "all the more reason why Hichard Wagner, Karl Marx, Peter Kropotkin, Elisee you will write a readable story." R.eelns, R.emy de Gourmont, · Emma Goldman and ''I will need to know something about it in order Anthony Comstock." to get through the introductory paragraphs.'' This trick never fails. R.esort to it three or four· "Very little. Don't overtax yourself by studying times and you get a reputation for being a critic of the subject." profound knowledge and wide reading. She agreed. So much for the dramatic and literary critics. Now ''Facts do hamper me,'' said the woman. a moment with the art critics. Readers will, of course, She spent a long time studying her subject-oh, at remember the awful h(;nv-do-you-do when the l\Iona least two hours, and wrote her story. Lisa was discovered. We patient sufferers had to enWhen I met her again, she said: dure an awful amount ·o f senseless piffle about Leonardo "I didn't like my story. All the interesting things da Vinci's picture. Really, Mona Lisa just bore~ me. • I had planned to say I found out, afterwards, to be Her face, to me, is plainly stupid. To .think of all the untrue, so I had to stick to facts. If I hadn't spent so years the painter spent in "getting" that smile! And much time on that story I 'd have done better work, when he got it, lo and behold, wbat a smirk! And yet, even though a few would have thought it foolish. I this woman has caused art critics to rid themselves of shall certainly profit by that mistake. In th e future heaps of bunk. I sincerely believe the following by I shall place more reliance on my own ability." Kane S. Smith, of the University of London, takes the And there you are. We'll close the services with bacon: "The painting is one of the most actively evil this little hymn_: pictures ever painted, the embodiment of all evil the "From ignorance our comfort flows; painter could imagine put into the most attractive form The only wretched are the wise.'' �u The Western Comra.de - T h e New "Sick Man" Soon W ill Follow H is Victims ) - Drawn for the Westem Comrade by M. A. J{ ernpr M M • 1 • 111 0 n a • 1 Y GoJ! 'tis false, yes, every B y" w 1 L By thing I sec: Tis false, my God, it dare. it cannot be.\ nd still, alas, l ]wow too well 'tis true, These are but part of l!ll the souls I slew. These arms. th ese legs, th e e skulls about me here, These l'ripplcd forms and faces pale and sere. These babies with littl e mouths agape for air ; These girls who stroll the streets a public ware. These all are but the fruits of my demands, These ruins all arc the blightings of my bands. For me and mine have each of these been slain, That I might LIVE these all have died in pain.. The blood and marrow of each nerve and bone, }:aeh .h eart throb, s'Orrow, agon)': and groan; They all have gone to form my mighcy throne . .. r e ' s v . 1 s • 1 o n But bosh- All this ·is nothing but a d ream, I, too, am par t of Life 's e'er gushing r;tream. 'Twas ever thus, and thur; 'twill ever be, A thousand slaves that one at least be free. Jf these must die then so it was decreed. God's will be done-be it to sport or bleed. 'Tis -not for me to mourn or mope their lot, • No more than they to envy what I've got. Good God, be this all false, or be it true, I leave it all; I le~ve it all to you. [know but this, be things as e'er they may, If one but robs enough he need not pay. A way-such scenes I w"i.U henceforth decline; Tl:tan.k God for what he does for me and mineWaiter- bring here another flask of wine. H EA RD �The Western Com-rade 12 J0 1t • 1 n g J t h e --====:tN editor's brain • 1 n g 0 e s fists, · ' "mollycod<:}les, " . or B y ED MUN D R. BR UM BA U GH is an amazing any other name that reacorgan. It may be the source of much tionary' malice devise, the active, real peace-loving wisdom, a t eacher of truth unparalleled, people of the nation propos.e to persist in their propa. and again it may be a queer, distorted, ganda until men who dare to speak for war· or the helpless thing, p erforming antics enough m eans of war will be univer·sally r egarded as the to make men and angels weep and laugh mental prostitutes that they are, and those who don by tul'lls. The latter sad sjate is illus- military uniforms and offer tllemselves for mUL·det· trated by a r ecent ed itorial in Senator Hitchcock 's in the name of patriotism will be considered the scum Omaha 'W orld-llcrald. o[ the earth, unde"erviug of a sociation \vi th decent, Aceonl ing to the ed ii orial in fJ.\l Cstion, ideas and not intelligent people. fii'IIJ<IIltPills arc the t·IIIISP of war. 'l'hc tr·oublc is in the The \Yorl\ing, produ c·iug masses have no real inlllinds or tht• ]li'Opl r . ThPt'ri"Ore, thf' pr ruieious propa- t<·rest in war except to ],ccp out of it, a 1d no iutPt'Cst ga nda Of !lit! " pat·ifists' ' lllllSt t'C'I!Sl', antl l'\'t•r_,. tnan Ill prepamtiou for· war r.xccpt to oppose it aml preyent it if possibl e. ]n the first plact•, throw up his hat for " prcparcdJJess, .. \\'lt i lc 1lit• la;l it·s wa \ 'C thei ,. this couutr~· is uo more in danger of hHndkPt't•hids. itwasion than it is of a collision with ()j" (·OUr~t· , ] ha\'t' takl'll ('OilSidllalle,v 's l'Oil11't. Fnl'thrnnore, tlw l'l'i!ldt• Jiuc•t·f_v with tJH• Janguag-r of largr part of the people. \\·nnl<l losl' tit•· t·ditorial. Inti in no parti .. nlat· has \'l' t'.'' Ji ttll· if somr othl'r m1tion its lll!':Jnlllg IJP('Il JlliSI'l'jli'CSl'l1fCtl. wou ld t·OJilt' o\·t· r a nd swallow us up. The l'llitorial was t•\·idt·n!ly intcndr1l lt ntakrs no tlifl'et'l' llt·c to thc·m whnt E holds all equal: piece or hunting Hoats o,·pr theit· as an ans\\·t·r to argum ent s of tlt e Truth , raw matt·.. pa e: ifists," yet it was no answer. heads ot· ·1 rhat the hand ph1 ~·s on the ri al; ldt·as arc all-importa ut as makers of Fourth of: .Jnl ~-. Flags a t·r no snhstiI: cason, a tool ; War, insani t.v; tnte fo r food, and patriotic songs fail good ot· evi l ; the most ard eJ'lt "paci( 'rinw, an pfl'ect : fist." will admit that ; and , in fad, to n·mon' for a f ra c·ti on of a srC'onLl Ignora nt·P, eradic·a hit•; 1he enti r r prat·f! propaganda · is conthe st in g and blight of thr povr t·ty llun grr, unnecessary ; to wh if·h t hP mas.·rs arc doomrd ductPtl with a vi ew to counte racting \\'ealth, an rxc· t:escner; th e subtile, ingenious, extt·cmely l'\'l'l',V day or th eit• li\·es. In this ll ralt h, natund; Art. expression ; stagt· of' th r world ·s d c\'!• lopment a false ideas with whi ch professed Culture, fr uition ; p eal'r-loving militarists arc poisoning t·Otllltr.v that c·annot keep out of wat· lmhor, rrCJuisitc; is unfit to san'. tltr minds of the peoph•. Co-oprration, the way; 1t wet·r a wastr of tim e to argue Th e triumph of p eace is fii.ll'e, hut ];ove, paramount. it ma.v hr postpon ed, auri \\'a t· prl'wh ether id<'as ot· m·maments wer·r the tPd<' it, P \ 'P II in on!' own land. 1f it t·aHse of wa I '. Jf A puts stt·ychnin c doPs, and the wo rl<ers are forced to in B's soup, and B dies, wha t causes B 's d eath 1 Js it the stryehninr in the soup or thP mur- fight, tltost• ,,·Jw at·e wise will tum their· guns against d rrous intrnt in the mind c,f' A . Obviously, n i'ith er is tlw f·Orl'llptrt·s of puhlie sentiment i nstead of against t Itt• sole eausr. Both m·r <·ontt·ibuting fa.cto t·s. ] n t hr th<·it· hroth cr workrt·s '"" o ha \·r accidently hecn hom sa me wa~·, if 1m i vrt·sa I m ised ucation leads to i nert;ased ac ross an imagimHy boundary line. 1'hc jingoes ·will squirm if th ey dtance to r ead this. armaments, and inerca. ed armam ents lead to war, as t hry always do, wh11t is the cause of t he war 1 It is Romr I lmow " ·ould he jolted into hysterics. But joltmisl'tlt!cation ot· incr eased annaments ? Obviously, i ng the jingoes these clays is a Yery pleasant oceupallt'ithrr is th e sole eausr. Both arc contributing fac- t ion. It is onl,v a small part of " -hat is coming to tot·s. them. ln this day of awakrning no sane person would This is uo time for jingoes to smile and sueer at t he opposition. 'l'hry l1ad better · be preparing to sur- dream of tryi11g to inrite war and to pursuade workJ'cnder g racefully. Their position is as hideous as the PI'S of one land to join in collective, whol esale murd er hPII it would make. and earnest, enlightened public of othrr w01·kers. These truths are finding 1n·eater opinion will n ever tol erate it. Wh r thcr dubbed "pilei- aereptance· a~ong the wo1·kci·s each day. ~ ·may ~ ·• The Man Without a Country H �1& Large Trac·tor "Railing" Land. This Crew of Two Clear Fifteen Acres a Day by This M thod Through Eyes of Tomorrow -=~~~!!!;~HE mi1l-fol'enoon ?lfay By ERNEST sun shon e with au tu·uor that make even native Californians seek the Sb.Apows, and it glistened from the solid sa!Jdstonc and granite sides of the gr·eat clustet· of buildings of the ni' ersal Un iversity with dazzling hrightne . 1t wa the year 1965. . (commonly called the "Double Yo'll ') ocPll pi.•d a low promontor·y in a little sheltered cove that ••urldled up against the gaunt reaches of the snow•·npped SierTa ~fadr·es .in the extreme outhern part of l h,, Antelope Valley. tretching in three directions are f,· rtilc fields and fruitful or hard , but there are many who tell of day. wh n it was all a yu ca- tudded waste. Ttt it inception the U. . wa ju t an advanced lti~th school, teaching as be tit could the "higher educa11on." In 1917 it oecupied one tiny room. with just ~me i.n. truetor nnd J s Uum half a do·zen students. li()W it gre\v till it b came U1e great t univel'i ity of t h1' west i a t(}ry as u.nique and :refr bing as any that ev•e r wait~d for 1ti.sfurian to Darr.ate. ~ mneh by w·d<lent ~ d~sign lts coo;r:se was h.ap'Cd. 'Vben it k l.'d ll()t y-et (lllitgrown its first . rngle room, tller.e eame S. WOOSTER one day a lusty you ng man. trudg. iog on foot as l1c had lono fol' many days. He came dema 11 ding that he br permitt d to wor·k for his education . And h e would a c pt JJO refusal as final nor did any r·ehu ff dnmpcn hif! ardor.• or thwart his determination. His success inspir d othcl'f;; within a ycnr· twenty young men and women had appl icd and be n q_ccepted, with scores of applications 011 fi le. Jt became a prob lem requiring immediate solution. 1'hc problem Waf! solved by establishing industries wl1ich employ d tb students aL useful wor·k and paid their· xp nscfl with something to spare. It was tlrc ouly school of this khul in the world. It must be mentioned her·e that the •. U. ~as first established as an educational institution sol ely for the youth of the LlaDG del Rio Colony, the pioneer of those co-operative enterprises tJrat were the phcooJ'.I'I.CJltln of the decade from 1920 to 1930 and whieb a.Uicd themselves under the name of The AsRociated Coloni.es dur~ ing the thirties and became a power in the politiclll and mdustnal moventent.s .of this e..ountry f~l' many year.s. Of course the U. U. lbee:ame tl1e :~;ourec ,o f tedtL-catioD. for tbe ambitious pcr:&olJls of aU the ooJonies, but �14 T h e W es t e rn Comrade this was not to happen for ten years after the system tions propounded by the in tructors in English brou h1 of admitting industrial students was introduced, and answers in Esperanto; its use came a naturally to th ll after student-industries had become a part of the . U. young men and women as· English. Her remark wru . providing work for alL "I know not the year." "The date is immaterial, ' resumed Prof. Warre11. But on tbis particular invigorating moril.ing the history classes were in session. Tbis was a- morning "We need not definitely say which year it wa . 'l'hi:> study; in the afternoon _these students would be seen · point is not so important-history is con erned b~­ in the various industries, though but a few hours amply epochs and events, not bounded by precise years. · sufficed to satisfy all needs. In the lectu~e room of "It will be difficult for you to conceive of the apProf. \Varren, instructor in Economic History, a class palling· chaos of those times, even before the war beof young men and women listened with absorbed in- gan. While your motion picture history cour e has t erest. Nor was it the forced attention simulated by shown you the people of the times, their way of livinO', elasscs of a generation previous in schools throughout etc., yet you can not get the psychology of it all by th e world. And neither were the attentive stu- means of films. Imagine each little independent nat ion d r~ n1 s of that type formerly -associated with stu- with its army, its president or potentates, its law-mal;d iousn<·ss - th e pale, spectacled anemic speci- ing bodies, its functionaries of all kinds, but mo t of mf•JJs wl10 shut th emselves off from all . bl.1t them useless. Each country was a world unto itself; s1udv. P1·of. ·warren had the physique of an it eared nothing for the rest of the Earth xcept to ;dld~·ti e director, while the 'young men and women profit from it in some manner. Nationalism was taugl1t might have heen chosen for physical perfection. _This instead of patriotism as you know it. Of cour e, y ou physir·al perfection was due to the system of the U. U. can look back now and say, ' How absurd not to haw l'ir·st <'stahlish ed with th e Montessori school in 1915. a world senate,' but it must be r emembered that ind ividualis)D. was the trait that ruled the · actions and Th e instructor was speal<ing. '' \Ve now tal<e up the most interesting develop- thoughts of our grandfathers. Co-operation was tlw ln<'ll1s of the Commercial period. Y~u remember how dream food of cranks; practical men dominated. 1ht· wa ge sys1.l·m SIIJll'rseded the slave and self ·system. ''So enamored of this theory were they, so ego:\'ow it, 1oo, beg-an to present acute problems, and tistical, so cocl<sure, that th e most significant in idcnts l'aJ·Iy in the present century they began to be more made not the slightest dent in th eir self-esteem. Thi ~ or less generally r ecognized, though but few persons is ·best illustrated by the awakening of China. After were able to tmec them from cause to effect. Clearly lying dormant for centuries, outstripped by the upCapitalism was breaking down and radical measures start nations of the west, it had, almost at a bound, w re necessary to save it. You recall that we have al- leaped from a despotic government to that of a repubJ'eady learned how this became one of the ever-menac- lic. China seemed to have gathered strength from this ing problems and. how it thousand-year nap and th stored-up energy of her rrachrd its first generally people · transformed h e r •riticnl stage in l 914 ,,·hen from a slumberland to a 1hc first world war brvke out. Po ibly many of you land teeming with activity enn remember when the and industry. It's half-bilPeace Pact was signed.'' lion people made the chrysalis en\<'rge a great giant "Mi ne scia la jaron, " resourcefuln cs~; w h os c p 1, a youthful tudent. amazed t.he world. he u ed the univer al " But this happened tongue, E pcranto. This had be n a feature of the mostly while the EuroptaJJ Colony chool Yerywhere nations were slaughter ing t heir best men, and when from the very first, and wn u ually preferred by they had adjusted their the younger people bequarrels after t wenty mileau of the .,.reater lucidlion men were killed, China ity with which ideas were was a new men ace. Fole:tpr ed · it was a ort of lowing in the path of com horthand of langua.,.e 1 to mercial enterprise hewed A Colony Surveying Crew at Work th~m.. Frequently queby the western world, for -·-=------...;•;.__________. .,. ____. . : �The W es tern Comrade eign trade became the C h in e s e ambition and Chinese- marked goods were to be seen in every market; the Chinese flag was in every port. ''Now this was one of the most potent factors in healing the hates engendered by the war. 'fhe spectre of the Yell ow man haunted them all. G€rman tolerated Briton, Frenchman planned with Austria, Russian conversed with Bulgar. The common danger was a bludgeon forcing them together·. The Chinese flag followed Chinese goods; An Irrigation Ditch the C h in e s e army ,\•as drilled to protcd th e Chin<'se tlag. Though at l'irst domiuatcd by the Japanesr, 1hc Chinese soon shook loose and took the initiative. Th e idea of au Oriental Confederacy grew- India, ~iam, .Japan, the Philippines-"·ith China the whip hand. This was the first form of the new Asiatic association. Soon envious eyes were cast on Siberia, and it became Russia's constant dread that a new "scourge of God" should lead a Yellow Horde from the East. "All Europe felt this fear of the new~ born East. Russia, Germany, France, England, Italy, Austria, the Balkans- impotent alone, mutually jealous, each hiding her weakness-forgot their grievances in the face of this hideous wraith and hurried to form the Union of Europe. No nation could long remain neutral. Turkey and. Egypt joined with Persia in the short-lived Asiatic E.ntente, but it soon broke up, with Egypt a member of the Union of Europe and the others aligning themselves with the East. "Even before this, fear had begun to gnaw at the Americas. Brazil had become a competitor of the United States. During the war Canada had entered largely into the world's trade, and the Dominion was being exploited as a commerCial nation.' Mexico had become an export country. But their jealousy of one another was overshadowed by fear of the Orient. Out of this timorousness grew the Pan-American Union, taking in the Western Hemisphere. "Australia and New Zealand, with Africa, joined the Union of Europe. The latter became the joint property of all the nations of this combination. "Now the growth of the . Oriental Confederation must necessarily lead to certain sequences. Applying the law of evolution, which you know so well, it meant 16 that an aggressive move would be made to capture the world's markets,backing this up with army and navy. It means that Europe must arm again, and this time on a vaster scale; as teacher for the East she had but herself to blame that the lesson had been so well · learned. '' In the United States whether to arm or not to arm became the all-absorbing question. 'l'he Pacifists had grown in strength, drawing lessons from the European conflict. But, on the other Near the Townsite h a u d t It e Preparedists pointed out that it was an age when war was almost unavoidable, and must, therefore, be prepared for. "Now again I must direct your attention to the Profiteers who ruled every nation, Many were kindhearted men who abhorred war, yet they were foremost in competing for foreign trade; they stole the markets of the fighting nations of Europe, thus treading the road that led directly to trouble. In the election of 1916 the question was fought along the lines of Shall We Prepare 1 Being better organized and with a greater incentive-here again you will note the working of the law of Economic Determinism-the PrePreparedists were able to win, and the neucleus of the Pan-American Armada was established. ''Note that the seeds of war were sown side by side with the seeds of peace. The worn-out nations of Europe had learned their bitter lesson. They were ready for lasting peace. But with the three great World Associations formed . to compete for trade it meant that war must eventually ensue; such gigantic preparations could not be left idle long. The world lay divided into three armed camps, and the best energies of all were turned to the building of newer and more hideous death-dealing devices. Huge fortunes were constantly offered as prizes to stimulate inventive genius. The ingenuity of the greatest constructive minds were, grimly enough, turned to building destructive engines. But before dismissing you I want to pmnhasize this point: While it was an age of individualism, the cooperative spirit was already infiltrating everywhere. Yet the people of those · days failed to see it ; it was another significant phase of the Evolution they so little understood, and refused to heed." �.,... . i ' �be abandoned �~-~~;-' .-- -....____--. < ' The Western Comrade ,: 18 ~ Plowing Lines for Tree Planting r:l=\= , ~..'!!!!!'!!!! ·~~a~~ TALWAR1' tho Llano del R;n Colony arc wockm showing at greater activity, enthusiasm and hope than -ever before since the inception of the enterprise. Attacks on us by capitalist neWBpapers and . disturbers have drawn the comrades closer together and their solidarity makes for still better co-operation. Everybody has a shoulder to the wheel of progress. The colonists laugh through assembly meetings and there has been no bickerings of late. Men and women are singing at their work. With the spirit that prevails there is nothing that can prevent the colony making unbounded success. The splendid showing in the annual financial report has put heart into the weakest. Letters of encouragement and appreciation come from absent members all over the country. The progress of the enterprise in all departments is at the highest mark. The spring planting season is here. Preparations are being made and work is being done to take advantage of the season's call. Every one here realizes that in order to make Llano grow and the desert to bloom as the rose, a vast amount of labor must be expended. The weather has been unusually mild for the past three weeks, or practically since the first of February. Indeed, it is hard to realize that it is winter. The days • En t h ustasm have been warm and the nights By R. K. pleasantly cool and so propitious has been the weather that vegetation has begun to bud and carpet the hills and valleys hereabout. The big tractor is steadily clearing land. The caterpiller engine has been doing yeoman service almost twenty-four hours of the day. During the day leveling and clearing the land has been going on and when the night falls plows are put behind it and work is continued throughout the night with three shifts of men. It is surprising wlh~t enormous amount of work this little thing will do, which, by the way, is a 30-horsepow'er affair. It does the work of at least twelve horses ~and has the advantage of consuming nothing when standing still. Its diet consists mainly of distillate and oil. The plow:ing and leveling on the Hubbard place, which is south of the ditch, is almost completed. But little remains to be done to make it ready for seeding. Seeding has been going on for some time and that work will be continued until the whole of the land lying between the upper and lower ditches is one solid mass of alfalfa and barley. One hundred and sixty acres is now being prepared under di rection of 0. W. Luton , of the agricultural de- �Tke Western Comrade 19 Digging Holes for Pear Orchard R u 1 e s L 1 an o WILLIAMS partment, just back of the !J'ighlman ranch and north of the low'e r ditch. This will he put into barley and alfalfa. This piece of laud is wry ncar the intal' e and irrigation, therefore, w:ill be Ycry easy. To the north of the land in question, P. A. Knobbs, of the garden department, is plowing and preparing for a big garden. lt is not quite certain just how many acres at this time, but the land being worked. on now is fu lly forty acres, Th e !ora tion of the gardeH tract is in a most favored locality, The high line ditch, mea ning that a new surYey has been made in order to see how far up the hillside, hack of the permanent townsite the water can be carried, is being widened at the bottom to five. feet. 'I' he upper and lower ditches ,,•ill prove quite an advantage as can be seen at a glance. Organization is better than ever before. There is less confu ion and the managers' meetings, which are held nightly, are being solidly attended and much intere t i manifested. Twenty-five managers and foremen take seats about the long table in the new office huilding, and the room is already grown too smalL At lea t 75 to 100 interested onlooker.s attend the meet~ in...,s to ee how things are being done and what is in prospect. Complete order prevails and the session is over in an hour or less and the notes made by the stenographer graphically tell th e story of the doings day by day on the ranch. It may be interesting to know that the managers' meeting of the Llano farm is unique in a way. Every successful organization in the country has adopted and is using some such method of k eeping its men in touch with the affairs of the ranch, work is arranged, teams apportioned, men assigned and machinery disposed of for the next day's work. All matters pertaining to the ranch is brought up at these meetings and usually settled very quickly. The thing that is unusual is the fact that it is not a parliamentary body, no motions being made, hence nothing to r cconsidh and no red tape to dispense with. E very day sees the utilit]i of the managers' meeting and as the days go by its effectiveness will grow. Llano is now connected with t he outside world by telephone. F. 0. Harper is completin g arrangements to conn ect by phones the dairy, horse corral and the Tighlman ranch. Much tJ·avcl about the ranch has been eliminated and r~os Angeles is but a minute away now. · For the week ending February ]9, Copley's poultry department turned into the eommiRsary 128 dozen eggs. The work of enlarging the chicken ranch is under way. Five thousand holes have been dug under Horti- �2Q T k e W es't ern C o.m:ra de culturist· ·Dawsorr ·on · the east quarter section. The work of hole digging will soon be over, and the work of inserting the trees sta'rted. Joseph Bowers of the dairy department reports for the week ending Feb. 19, that he is receiving 135 gallons of milk daily and that ther e is no sickness in the hhd. , C. H. Scott of the building department reports that work has started on the industrial building at the new town site. Materials are being hauled there now. Tir e roof on the laundry building is completed. Mu ch repair wor·k has been done by this department during the past three weeks. Work has been caught up and from now on efforts will be ·directed ·on t"4~ new ,townsit<', which is located about two m iles from the present site of Llano. Tile hog department has gro"·n somewhat and no\v rnorr t han twenty pens arc availabl e for the little and hi~ porkers. Tann in g is regularly going fo l'\rard and the leather turned out is or cxc~cptio nal quality. All rabbit hides ar• ~ being tanned now arH1 til e finish ed product is as pli;rhlc as elotli. A good quality of razor· strops arc i>f'ing- mad e at tile tannpr·,v. One hundred and seYcntysix rahhit hides \H'l'C turn ed into the tann ery last \\'l't'l;. The tann r· r,v is proYiding all th e leathct· used at th e JH~ \1' shoe shop anJ the· harn ess shop. Hay l'roehstc·l, t he·surH,\' Or, is continuing \\·ork on th e townsite and has two bloeks \drolly completed, as well as t he new inuush·ia l site. It won't be long now until a substantial bui ld ing will command a· view of the great valley to the north . Arehitect Wi iliam Braun is busily engaged in making. dmwings f~r the city and he has completed do~ ens of different designs for t he i"ntm·iors of t hr. new homes. The lines he has so far drawn a re very beautiful. A drying house has been constructed at the l>ricl<ya rd and only ·the roof is lacking to have the brickmaking machines busy at work. \\' hen the covcl'in g is made weather will have no effect on t he brick industry. Enrling ]<'cbruary HJ, the rahbitry turned in some · interesting· figures. There were weaned 168 rabbits; 64 litters were born; 255 pounds of rabbits killed and 176 hides turned to t he tannery. Summer shades arc being made for the corral and the land about the rabbitry is being fenced preparatory to planting vegetabl es for the rabbits. The lime kiln at Bobs ·Gap is progressing well. ?.farch 1 will see the kiln in active ope-rati o~ and probably will be second to none as a burner of lime rock. Lime is badly needed and as a matter of fact is the only thing required to make work on the new townsite rush. J. J. Leslie with a crew of two men and a tractor, clellred 73 acr es of land last week and burned the brush. This acreage has be~n railed twice. F . J. Wright, the expert rug maker from Fresno, has completed up to Feb. 19, seven rag rugs and one · burlap rug. He is using but one of his looms, as he has not sufficient space. Much interest is being manifested by all the colonists as immediate r eturns from rags can be seen. .As soon as the laundry building is enlarged this manufactory will be placed therein and greater efficien c-y will be shown. 'l'he managers of the various departments hand weekly a r eport t o be r ead Sunday evenings, which . proves of great interest. This innovation has proved a success and now everyone that cares to hear and know what has been done has this opportunity. 'l'hese reports have opened the eyes of many p eople, as it is impossible f~r one person to keep fully informed on what is taking place at all . t imes over sucl"\ a vast acreage. It takes quite a number of men to run the ranch at Llano. One of. the most delightful and instructive visits that the writer had in a long time was to the :Montesorri school, conduct ed by Mrs. P rudence Stokes Brown, with able assistants, r ecently. He happened in. just as dinner was hein g sc!'ved and watched witlt g reat interest t he littl e tots line up in Cafeteria style for their portions. 1t \Yas amusing and pleasing to see " ·ith what care they tiptoed to their scats at the l ittle low tables anJ then sat back waiting for· · all to he set·ved. 'fhirty-t hrec t: hildr·en of' t ender age ranged themselves about the tables with as much or more decorum than grown people. Th e way they helped each other was truly a delight. \\'ith all possibl e . eou rt<•sy littl e boys helped littl e gi r·ls to this thing ot· that and the solicituue shown was truiy affecting. Not a loud ot· boisterous word was spol<en, and th e table manners displayed by the little guests were amaziug. Th e tabl e was set and the chairs were arranged l~y the children , and, too, without a word of instruction. Everything was in perfect order. Each plate had th e cutlery .neatly laid beside ' it, with not t he sl ightest Yariation in distance. 'fhe spoons in a box wer·e all laid one within the other. The knives and fo t·ks were arranged in the same manner by the children assigned to this work. Mrs. Brown said t hat childr en loved order ru.1d that g iven proper incentive they wer e as dainty and as particular as the most fastidious housewife. Th e mothers and fathe rs of these children are proud of this Montessori school. Children at·e being taught manners, r elationship and social ethics ·that will be a living standard and by the time they graduate from this delightful home they will be re?.dy to take their place in new envir onments with pe'r fect aplomb. �The Western Comrade 21 Part of the Colony's Garden Ready for Planting movement to emancipate suffering man- · they think a thing and learn to believe it. 1t does not E J;ind hasbig had to bear with persecutions, villifica- matter what the tr·uth is. They will act as quickly on VEHY tions and misrepresentations. This can j1e explained an untruth and be as earnest ab.out it as if they were on two grounds: ignorance, which h<'grts intole1·ance, truly fo llowing on th e paths of rectitude, _One will and on the patent thing cali rd :Economic Determinism . find people that take a man 's \\'Ord and then act ~s A few wcPks ago the State Cor·poration Commis- though the man should not be investigated. Many sio ner mad e a r eport, if not takrn from a disgruntled pcr·sons do not think fo r thcmsclv~. They are wait· nwmbcr, at least rchoed the sentiments once heard on in g for a leader and when that lead er. comes t hey . listen the ftoot· of the Assembly hall. The r eport ·cau;;ccl attentively for awhile and thinking they ha1·e absorbed all of the leader's thought, begin to form new cu It, a ~'H n c consternation in the hc•arts of people who arc i'ricnrlly to the cooperative id ea and of this greatest 'new r eligion or a new' colony, as the ease may he. There is one cs.>cntial difference between Llano and or all cooperative efforts. Persons 11·ho were not able th e r est of the world. In };lano a new psychology is to discJ·iminate were stampeded. Th er e was a gr eat deal in the report that was lit- in the making. People as a rule change twice and \'rally true and that, of course, will not hurt anyone. later· a third time--sometimes wrong, most ly to the '!'here was more than a generous amount of innuendo right way of thinking. To mal<c this clear, an example n!' things gone wrong that indeed does put in an im - will he cited of a man, a seemingly sensible, capable, pt·oper light the ti'Uc situation at l;lano. There is no mon ey-making man and a Socialist. }"'ot· wcel{s and months this man dreamed of the (>h.iPction to the financial situation of the colony bei ng colony at Llano d el Rio. He was living in the northem 111ade public. Th ere is no mystc1·y and neYer has heen ;thout this phase of the company. 1f a person did not part of the state of California. His business ·was good, llnderstand, it was because he c1id not go to th e proper hut he had no heart in it. H e wantc(fqo get io that "dream eity" and help lay the marble slahs and place in which to find out. (Continued on Page 21) The principal difficulty with most people is that �The Wes t ern Comr a de 22 M 0 n t e s s VISIT to the Montessori B y A. school at Llano, California. It had been raining for a w>eek or more, and the roads were as bad as desert roads can be, though that is not bad at all from the point of view of a dweller in a clay district; still as I looked around the immaculate school and watched the crowd of children trooping towards 1he doo r·, 1 :sighed ,~·ith a housekeeper''s prevision of cl isastcr. But the crowd was inter cepted and diverted; somcthillg happPncd at the hack door, and when they f iled i11 fr·om that direction th e "real estate" had been l'iiminatc,J, and each showed, as they passed, a clean handkerchief. 1\'Jrpn school opened some of these c-h ildren had not made acquaintance with that important arti,·IP. Jn those cases the handkerchiefs wer e lent tlrr·m, hut · th ey must be brought to school clean each rll onr in g. Ultimately they all acquired both the handkPrr·hiefs :urd the habit of using them. On this day the usual routine had been altered. Th e Guide to Wisdom had been absent ~ story telling time, so the more c;tcrgctic l\iddics attacked the piled tables a11cl benches and unpacki_ng them according to some law which had prc,·iously h'ccn impressed upon them, set them carefully in their places.' It wa·s delightful to sec very little tots studying the angle bctwcrn th e hcnch and the table with an ~ye to correct nligmnr nt and an i11ncr conviction to its importance; just the expression that I had seen on the face of an artist stepping hack from· .his easel to get the effect ot' th e whole. 'l'hcn some of thcm began taking off the chinb: covet·s which had been wrapped around the stands of shelves on whi ch their toys were stored. These covet'S had hcen arljnstcd ca refully by them the night beforr. the angles laid smooth and pinned tight, and now thP~' wl't'C to be t aken off in just the right way. It took two children to handle the cloth, possibly 10x6, and one hoy of six found hims-elf- alone and called a eompanion to his aid. Billie's attention, however, was attracted elsewher e, and seeing the child 's dilemma an assistant Guide took a hand. But Billie, looking ar·ouud suddenly, observed what was going on, and took 1he r nd of the cloth from the assistant with digni1'ir d and J'cprrssed indignation. Was not this the children 's house 1 IVere not they nlone responsible for its management 1 ·w hat business had the assistant Guide with his shelf cover? In so many movements the t'PHson for which they had been trained to understand. 0 r • 1 a n s that dragging inconvenience had been r educed to a.ccu rates compac~ess, and put in its p lace- like the.:.,; 9pide, who stood· back smiling. By this time most of the childr en had provided themselves with a toy. Sometimes half a dozen would occupy t};lemselves with one engaging problem. They would even let a Guide play it with them, discovering thus many strange things. I sat down by a boy who had a box of cylinders he was ponderiJ.g over. H e took one up solemnly and demonstrated to me that it had something which might have been sand inside. "Soft,'' he said. Then he shook another cy Iinder: it sounded like small stones. "Loud," h e :;aiel. It was a t est of hearing. He was going to try to put them in t he box in the order of their gradation of sound. The variation I soon discover ed was quite minute. But the Guide to ·wisdom was beckoning me, "Just sec how beautifully Cecil plays this game," she said. I sat down by Cecil. He had a frame with two piece of cloth tacked to it, each of which had six strings attached to its edge; the game being to tie six bows, right. Ah! there was the rub. Can you tell me out of hand how many motions are involved in tying a bow 1 Cecil knows. Bu there was a mot·c inter esting feature to this case. No child in this, his own house, is obliged to do anything. H e just falls naturally into doing. something because there are so many inter esting things to do. But Cecil had stood around idle and aimless for three months. With all the others busy ar<lund him he alone had stood aloof. until this toy had claimed him for its 0\\'11. The day before he had tied those bows steadily for two hours. Today he appeared inclined to repeat the feat. H e had learn ed to do one thing perfectly ; ho"· entrancing! Soon he would mal\e new conquests. I had to go away for a little while. When I came hal'k the table had been set, still by the children. One little tot was filling all the glasses with water. The pitcher was small, but still he had to hold it with both hands, and he was filling each glassjust full enough, not too full, and not a drop fell on the table. In the kitchen four babies were standing on a bench by the tahle (their heads would have been about on a level with it if they had been on the floor), buttering toast. which other tots were toasting on the stove. It took a great rleal of toast for t\Ycnty or thirty children, but they did it all themselves. Th er e are great things planned for the Llano schools, but it is not difficult to have faith in their r ealization after ewn a brief investigation of thi Grrnt Brginning. C. A. , . '1(, �The Wester n Comrade 0 n B • 1 g Ro c k c r e e k .., ..~-~ -· This stream. which is th e main source of supply for th e Llano del Rio Community, r eaches torre ntial proportions during the winter months. It is the plan to conserve all this imme nse run off and use it to irrigate additional vast tracts of th e colony lands. Big Rock Canyon Is ever popular with the colonists and many impor mptu picnics are enjoyed by them. �24 Tke Western Comrade L 1 a n 0 M u s U(>, brave hearts B y JOHN of the Llano, and fear not though the storms of the de ert bake you r t1·nts, or the ignorance of the m~ll==::==:r;r:~l tal ly milmourished cause you discomfort or if rwtty tyranny by a more p etty officia! l'ndt•avors to destroy ~ou-for you shall win! tio ns, t:alumnies, criticisms anjl opposition ar·l· pOWPrlrss in I he face of loyal co-operative effort. Tht· Rn•·•·t· ltlld th .. ,.,·i ticism of the vicious, and the ii{IHJJ'IIIlf without 1111d within your ranks will str ength•·tt yotn· I' <'SOI\'e to sw·•·1·ed. Jt " ' ill act as fuel for the l'it·t· of you l' idPal. I r r·o-opPr·at ion is \\Tong in principl e, you will fail; a rrr1 ilH· hf'ttpr· you •·o-opcntl e the quicker you will fall. Hut if it is I'iglt t, th••Jt t he storms w'ill only cull out the •·lt~tff :illd t·•·veal tiH· r eal a nd golden g rain. This is tnJC in every wall< of li fe; in art, in politics, .i n science. Evt·r,v new idra will rouse against itself an inevitable SfOI'III of Opposit ion hy those who Hl'C Ul11lCL'UStOmed Or tlltadapl cd to such a rH•w id ea. Bruno, Voltaire, ,Galileo, Paiur, Jng-!•rsoll nnd l\Tat•x, all gr eat minds in scien ce lltitl philosophy, haY(' ha1l the Ycnomous arrows of _ignot·anvc and bigotry drin·n at thei r lt ea t'ts hy those vvh o in log it• onght to lta\'C bern ' th rir friends: \Ve must t'Xpl'rL to gl•t it ft·om within as well as from without. Bu t tltnf. wltit·lt !'Omes f r·om within is t ire more painfttl an<l hitt er. Rtill \\'0 must eject it f rom our system if' Wt' would be wt>ll. Against that whi ch assails us t'rour with out \\·e ra n he on our· gua t·d. The collecti ,·ity must 1kll'lld itse][ against all foes. Thr prohl m of the J;]ano i and will be JWimaril~· a pt·ohiPm of eollc\:ti \·p pt·odtH:tion for co ll ectin~ usl'. To do that we n ePrl eoll ectiYP, .harmonious action be(•a use npon "the h armonious actFii1 oCthe individuals in thP organization depends t~ . efficiency of the work ; and upon th e _fficienqy,.,,,~ith which tlre work is done dl'JWllds the r e 'wt' . AU:' that is needed. is... men and \I'Olll\'ll , who ar inter t d -in eau ing.their enterpri e to grow at~ll den~lop a +a ource of co~unal wealth. ..... Ami l110d' wl1o want to make it anytl:tng el e than a ,. OliN' •' of Wt•alth and comfort are· e~ina spooks. l.lano I!\ run by the li,·ing and for the living, and 1dwn tlw dead arrive we wiH find th.em a restin~ pint'<'. \Ye earl' not whether a man wo1:5hips the ghMt: l'f the pa t or of the future. W e are neither a ~hurx•h or· a . eanec room. W e only band toaetber to prodtll'e and <'njoy mnterial thin., in a material world. in n material way, a nd you can ha,·e your pir:i in a \Iotti'!'. in the y or in a rabinet.• o long a t hey d o ~ • 1 g s n not interfe1 with your efficient e operation while you are ()11 the job. We. are organized for n eful deed not to advance certain creed . There are people who e mind are so m.etapJ1y ical that they will Jiye on faith six h011rs ~etween each ineal, but at meal time the. are on em·th fou t.· ·quare. ow I have no qm1rrel wi th tlwit· nH't aphysics, b ecau e 'meta' man ·'beyon d," "phy ie,'' we all under tand, and when w e ar\l beyond that, <>cuet·ally speaking, "·e are quit u le to our h-e and everyone else. Llano is not a dream world of .fa iry ros ganlcus and Arcadian ideals. It is a job of r eclaiming thr l\lojan• deset·t and making it a fit habitation. 'l'he l\Iojavo is real. The job is r eal, and r equires Joyal r ed blooded co-operators to raise it to its hi ahe t possibiliti s, lllHl we ha,·e· t hem ; great, noble, wholeh arted oul with faith iu the land and each other. 'l'h es are tit • brnr rs of the new ideal and idea to combin e their small resources into a corporation for mutual b(•nefit. 'l'hey WiJl SUCCeed though t hey have to f ight thO for ces OJ' ignorant scepticism from without and all t h e ·himct·i al idealism from within: The r ealists fa ce r o11 lity in 11 r eal way, meeting conditions in a practical wuy, and sticking with determil1ed energy to the com:s th ey haYe chosen. They will r eap a r ewat·d of 1 lenty and p eace, and that at no distant day. To plow and to so\\·, to reap and to mow, to qu ary and to built], to eat and to dr·ess, to lau gh and to Bing, to learn and to love; all this is being don e mor·o .fully' as the clays go hy. Dors not th e Socialist part y aim at all th ,., things? Yt•s. on a grrater an~] granllt-t' scalr. Socialism is; hn ilding the gr·eat trmplc of hum anity in whi h HOlnt' day thP race shal l dwPII. But while tlt r temple is heiug bu ilded why should we sit naked undct· the star·s; when we can org11uize \\·ith our comrades and Jmi ld a holllll' a nd ha\'c our nl'eds supplied ? J,Jano c·arei! for· I h • uow; ocialism hnilds for the morrow. The fact is that many p eople ar c not adaptable to anything n ew. They tray upon the stage of lif.e tmf· fering mental photophobia. They fear tlt c light, hcnee they endeavor to stay in darkner;;s. 'J'her;;e eanJJot lw . an•d and. like an inflamed ,·ermifonn a ppendix, mu~;t he l'liminated or thf'y destroy the body. This lH erurl a. .Jaweh. hut needful as l>rt•ad. The e people are not bad: th£'~' are o(ten very ~;in· eer('. Rut ineerily mean· little. Xo one c\·er di1;. put . the im~erit~- of a rattle snakl.'- mlly do not get friendly with him on that ac(·ount. Sineerity is fim> DEQ UER aJI (Continued on Page 31) �The Western Comrade w e d d t:;~";!!:::==;t T • 1 n g 25 B e 1 1 s is tlH' custom in By CLARA R. CUSHMAN she had gone onu- th.e bed with a Millville to prefix rake, she sat down in the pring the names of the married ladies with the snnsh.ine on the warm, moist sod to r a,d the directions occupations of their r espective husbands. on the paper packets of vegetable seeds. ~It·s. o ialist ~h,s. Judge T . M. Parker, whose husband Bricklayer Barnes might knoW' how the little reptile is .Justice of the P eace, city und et·taker, of her recent experience happened to be her steenth statione1· and furnitu1·e dealer, once ex- cousin; she might know something of how world bodies plained it in this way: met, united and propagated; and why, when a labor r "When you say ~\f rs. ::\fartin, or Mrs. Perki11s, or has '~orked foux hours he ougl1t to b girl lookin.,. for )frs. Hawkins, OJ' ;\'f,·s. Barnes, you ·don't tell much; his hat and coat; but she distinctly did not lmow hut wh en you say :\1rs. Hanker· l\{artin o'l· l\hs. Drug- whether you planted lettuce and radish ,eeds a l1alf gist P<>rl< ins OJ' Rc,·ercnd ~\T rs. HawJdns, ot· Mrs. Brick- inch in the ground or two feet. But she meant to find ];l,V!' r' Bal'll!'S, you t<>ll a lot. '' Then she added: out. "And if I had my way we'd all say 1\frs. Episcopal "Cover with one-fourth.in h fine soil firmly pressed Ranker l\Tar·tin anu :\Trs. Presbyterian Druggist Perk- down," she r ead, and rose to obey directions. ins, and J\fr·s. Hever<>nd :\Tethodist Hawkins, and Mrs. H er hand touched the dark, moist clods. It (!'ave Socialist Bricldnyet· Ba rnrs. In that way we 'd tell her a delicious sensation. Never in all her life before r \'rJ•ything right away and save onr breaths." l\'lr-s. had she felt n ew turned sod. Suddenly she sat up Baptist Jud ge Par·krr pl·iclPd hr rsrlf on heing pt·ac- alertly, h er eyes blazing. Almost, almost she felt the t ir a 1. wm·m earth throb! Hut this isn't a story of :\Trs. Baptist Judge Parkct•. " I helive it 's true !" she whispered. "True ! It 's lt's a story of hr r· r ig htPen-year-old daughter Nellie, alive. All matter lives and breathes! 'l'her 's no such who with grrat pomp and rrjoicing had just ht'co~e a thing as dead matter!" ~fl'S. Bectgr owet· Pr·rston and w11s lh<ing in heJ· brand She got down on her knees and laid her ear close r1rw cott11gc jus~ at the edge of town, adjoining the to the sod . Breathless, sh e li s~ened . Did she only old Thornton place upon which . the BricklayeJ• So- imagine it, that soft stirring, like her sleeping baby 's r ill list Barncscs had r ecently moved. l\11-s. Bricklayei· hJ·cath, or did she r eally hear it 1 lt was spring! . :-\o(•inlist Bnmes also figures in the story as vil lainness She forgot where she was, for'got her nearness to t he or· good fairy, clt>pencling upon your point of view. rond until a figure came between the horizon and h er Mrs. Bri('ldayer· Soci11list Barnes was running a lit- rapt eyes. _It was M:.rs. Baptist. Judge Pat·ker on her tle one-wh eeled hand plow over the enst section of h er way to visit her n ewly married daughter. ha r k yard . llrr face w11s YeJ·y r ed and upon it was l\l rs. Socialist Bricldayer· Barn es again had ·ause an expression of mingl ed joy and d espair. It was h er to giggle slJCepishly, as she assumed ·a posit ion in k eeprir·st rxpeJ•iencc at backyard. int.t'nsified ran ching, OJ' ing with the sch ~me of the universe and t he usages any .othel' kind for that mattrl·. But not for a moment of pol ite society. . " Good mornin g, Mrs. Par·ker ," she call d cheer(lid ·h falter. 'Five feet one in her stockings and every inch a fully. " Good morning," l\J rs. ParkeJ· r eplied, not pausfighter," h er-' husband often said of h er· proudly. She thought or that, and gripped the plow handle ing fo r a moment, but even hastening her steps. 'J•[ rs. S. B. looked after h er thoughtfully. ·" I don 't anew. She hated . a roward or a quitt 1·! 'l'hen she rh·opped th t' handl r, t1u·ned quite pale, screamed and seem t o get acquainted very fast. I ·suppose sh e think tr·ied to climh a p each tree. "Oh, I almost tepped 1 'm crazy, standing on my head lil<e that. " :J[rs. B . .J. hurried pantingly on , 110t being built on Oil it. ' 'It" was a Yrr·y large, Yr ry horny, llorn d toad. It llll rry in g lines. She was musin g, too, or cogitating, S(·ut.tl d HeJ'O' th e plowed gt·otmd and di appeat·ed in Jet us say, ns th e word seemf•d to su it bettt'r her proa Iriend J~, bush. portions. "I mu;;t 'nite to the ];os \n gcles Times and find Fiw-Fc•rt-Onc returned to h eJ• plow·, gingliug sheepishly. " I gnes it 's b rca n ·e the nasty things big, wha t it m.eaus when i:iocialists stand on th ·ir ear·s. tier N' anc·est.ors used to t hn e mine, ' he mus d. " How Some free ]o,·c ceremony, l 'll h e hound . 1 'm s ·ared to have . 'ellie Ji,·e down her·f' hy su ch p eople. " some iu tinct do tick" :-.lot rra lizinl! that she was a mr nacc, :\Ir. . BrickWhPn the plowing was at lengt h accomplished and I �TIJ,e Weste1'n Comrade layer Barnes went on with her planting. She ""a commencing with the radishes when she heard the soft thud of running steps behind her, and turning saw Nellie, the new bride. • he had on a little blue cap and kimoiUI, daintily embroidered w:ith a thousand careful stitches and who knows how many thousand girlish dreams. Her eyes were red and swollen and she spoke in short gasps. She must have run all the way across the beet field. "Oh hide me, h ide me! Don 't let mamma find me ." :!\Irs. Soc ialist Br·ickla.yer Barnes eas"t aside her seeds. " or eourse I will. I'd Iil•c to rescue ~ good many yo ung gi l'ls from their mammas. _.Come in· quick.'' Hhr· fw izerl the gir·l's l1and and led her into ·t he lro1Js••. ··~oil'," sir e said, s itting down in f ro.n t of the littl e brid e, qui1·e lil< c a doctor in consultation, "tell n1e all about it." " 011 J )mew you 'd help me. 1\'I amma says you don 't h!'lievc in IIHll'l'iagc, and I don't either·. Oh, how J hate it." ?ll,·s. H. B.'s ry(·s gre\1' hi g. " I not believe in marr iagP ! · ' " Y •·s, sli C' says it\; true b\~e ause you keep your ('!' rti l'ieatc in a book ou chicke ns. She found oul t he d11 y she t·amc to sec you. " . " Oh," saiu Mr·s. S. B., sm iling at some r ecollection, "'l'h c st: r·ap of papcr- J,ct'. not talk about me, let's talk ahou t you. Yon· uo;,·t want to be married. 'l'ell me wiry ." Crimson floods SII'Cpt the girl's face . · "I can't," shr whisper·cd. "Oh yes you can. Come ! Don 't you love yot1r husbnnd ? I 'm sure you did before you married him. I 11.·etJ to wa.t h you go by together." lclli . tole a look a.t her· face. She did not seem in th r lPa:t hor'!'if icd. Sh e had t he same kind of a mil e p T h e gra the Yelvet depths of T IEY Profit 's pulpit r that she had when she was talkin<> about th weather. ery low the little bride began. 'I thought I loved him, but I don t now. I hat' him.'" 'Wby!" "1 know the ecret.' ' \\hat secret?" 'TJ1e married woman 's secret. ' Lower and lower. ' Yes ~ What's that. ' . ' You know, " she whispered. It that m n ar ' bea ts." ~Irs. S. B. frowned and clinched her hands. FiY feet one she was, and every inch a f ighter. " Ha yom· husband abused you 'l' Nellie shook lier head. ' No but I know. ' . "Yes? How do you ]mow, my dear ' ' Aft r mamma and every one had left, h aid: ' Than].: God they ve · gone at last! ow you 'r all min ! 'l'hen he kiss d me and-and-oh, I can't t 11 the r est! He never kissed me like that before. Ancl' t hen I knew. ·And wh enever he comes near me I b in to shak e. I can' t help it. He has moved out in1·o t he tank house. '' " 'Why, the poor boy! " The girl rose, wringing her hands. . "Oh, what .. shall I do 1 I can 't go back! I can't!" And I can't t ell mamma. She'd say, 'Whom God h~th joined togeth r Jet no man put asunder .' And she'd make me go back • And she knew too! Knew and wouldn 't tell mel Just let me walk right into a trap. That's the way th y tr·eat gir·ls- they set trap~ for girls- the men do-and the women sit back and let us walk right into them ! Even your own mother.'' · She poured out all her disillusion, her p ent-up gri f and fear. "And I lmow why they do it, toq. Oh., I figured <Continued on Page 30) e p a r e r And slyly gild the gory art of slaying 'fill each child spurns the ·native gold of ru.tlr. B y A. F. G A N "O N And bid the btirdened meek ly bear their' )' Ok DC'uouneing tho e brave spirits a 'low culprits· '\\'ho tloun t the ma ters and th lave provoke. 'l'Jwy ply pel'ferYid pen, in pro titution (\\ ithout th pm that peed tb trumpets shame) , Wltos f:.'i:'niu e nld €'1lkindl r evolution lu onl . t tt·1mgPr to the a r d flam. . Tl1ey 1 ratt- of 'peace> and. in the aui e of playing. ln ul ate murder in tb mind of youth; s They glibly dwell upon tl1e nati"on 's " mission." And cry: ' To arms! " on the pretext of peace, Cntil the stupid mass, swayed by attrition, ConeeiYes t he th ought bred in its brain obese. ~nd ye wlw sit supine amid -the splendor Of ltiuh ideals or a lo,·e of elf, Betim sJ1all "\"\"aken or be forced tv render Your blood and manhood to these pimps(){ pelf! �T·h e Western Comrade Enthusiasm Rules Llano (Continued from Page 21) l•ring to fruition the hope of the ages . . Plato saw it .a,nd described it well ; St. Simon saw it also and 1 ried it ; Robert Owen lived it for :• time; Oneida was the mecca for years; Ruskin saw devotees pour in; East Aurora builded great and solid ; Zion City contained zealots of an idea. These and other great .. mancipatory efforts filled the mind of the man in question. Nothing hut auroras, tinted and alluring, held his attention. He would talk to none that were not in sympathy 11·it h him and his ideas. He construct ed homes, cities, palaces, est<ltes- in fact air castles, and st range to say, for these dreams he eYer got r eady and r eceptive audiences too. .At last fortune fa \'Or ed him and lie got away from business lon g t·nough to run to the colony and "lool( it over," as the saying goes. The only thing that charmed him \\'as the homes of n ext yeat', the Yiews of the towering, sky-piercing crests, snow covered and bewildering in sun and moonshine, the fast automobile ride, the r edolent odors of exhaling spring, the drizzle of the night, all of which wer e in~ig­ orating. He did not see a tlung that he came to see. The gr eat pla in to the north and east with its lon g undulations dissolving in the distance; changin g colors, lights nnd shadows. These wer e th e th in gs he saw and app reciated. The things the man did. not see, nor could he see if he had tried, \\'as the land, water, adobe houses, little, not palaces; tents, ungainly harns, long and short horn cattle; plebeian rabbits ; fluffy chickens ;~ nd the season's d ependability. H e joined. Th e man in question later r etu rned bag and baggage. He was ti ll ed with enthusiasm at first. He "'as going to have that city whether nr no. The electric lights m:ust hloom on each yucca tree and a J on~ line of li ghts would adorn the \ Iadre hills from the Big Rock to 1 he M·escal, a distance of twelve miles. The Santa F e, thirty-five 'lliles away, winding its wa,y · hrough the jagged hills to the ;outh , must run into a shaft of light from a giant searchlight placed upon the dream tower hundreds of f eet in height. Los Angeles ninety miles away must be startled and entertained nightly by the weird r eflections in the heavens of the wpnders of Llano. These simple things were to be but a few of the achievements that he had come to the colony to perform. For a couple of weeks he " lazed" around await ing some sort of move in t his direction and was immeasurably pained to see none. H e, however, noticed men being taken in autos to work at the lime kiln, to the Hubbard place, to the Tighlman ranch and to the land at Mescal. He observed men with picks and shovels and hoes going· into the fi elds and orchards. H e saw men driving wagons filled with lumber, bags, and hay. H e noticed t he dairy cows turned into this fie ld and into that and later saw the~ driven to t he long barn and he saw the ugly sight of milkers milking the cows and yet later, he saw the butter on t he tables and milk there .too, and he saw the · chun1 at work and wra.ppers busy putting it up in pound packages. He went to the comissary and saw men and women buying things and taking them home. Most astonishing. of all, he h eard preparations for work her e· and there. Work! Work! \Vhat a shock. This city of his was not to be built by work but by gen ii hands. This TQan wander ed about in a daze for a month and finally made the discovery that work is the basis of everything; that if a dream city is to be built the masons must be t her e; big wagons must haul. the brick 1\Dd stone and sand and hmc. The carpenters must saw and hammer and the landscape man must hend his hack and sweat over every flower or bush; that aching muscles must be th e r eward of this thing to he. Astonishing discovery! With th e discovery came a new incentive to work at something wor th while. The dreams, like a shimmering drapery, d ropped off a nd lay in the distant land of fox fi re. A new p sycl10logy had h.een (Continued c:>n Page 29) 27 If you think . "fhe w ar in Europe h as shatter ed Socialism. r ead L. B. Boudin's famous book. "Socialism and War" and l et this eminent a uthor, who Is on e of the fo•·emost in the Socialist ranks, put you right. Socialism Is ·N OT shatter ed . It Is NOT even dented. As a m atter of f act, it is only upon applying th e m agic t ouch of Socialist inte•·pretation tha t the war 'reveals its fundamental cau ses, m eaning a nd c onsequen ces. Instead of destroying So· ci a list theor y . the war has v!nd!cat· ed lt. In t h e course of a very ·suggestive his t ori cal a na l ysi s, Boudin divides the life hl8tory o f capitalist soci ety Into thr ee ep och s-two of them w a rlik e and on e peaceful. In the er a when capital Ism is just em ergjng out of .feudalism It w ages e. seri es of b l oody wars for the extension of terr itor y. The second epoch Is th e pacific period of capi talist !ntem a l d ev el opm ent. Having secured access t o the sea, h aving f orm ed the n ation a nd secured ·its own dominance within the nation, th e capitalist class e nters upon a n era of peace in o rder t o d ev el op home. its r esour ces an d pow er at The third epoch , the present one in which Imperia l ism pl ays a dominant part, Is essentia lly warlike ; a nd Its essentia l econ omic characteri sti c i s the exporta ti on of capt tal, principa lly In the form of Iron and steel. The l ead· lng Industrial n ations of the w orld, n o l onger h aving a m arl<et at hom e which can be Industrialized by the purchase a nd int r oduc tion of !nclustr lal m ean s of pr·oduction , the n atlonR stri ve to se- cure control of undevel oped countries which can be "devel opecl " In the sense of being Industriall y revolutionized. After the gen er a.! considerati on of the economics a.nd ideol ogy of the war, Boudi n, In th e chapt er on the " Immedia t e Causes of the War a nd the Sta k es Involved," g-oes deep Into the com plicated m ass o r internation a l r e - l a ti ons tha t brought about the war. After thi s. v er)•· interesting a nal ysls of the w a r. Boudin t ak es up the at· tltude of the Soci alists. He al so applies th e class struggle th eor y to th e race probl em, and sh ows h ow · truh~ r eactionary are the r ace theories of imperiali sm , a nd h ow progressive the Socla llst theor y or th e sam e subject I s. Bondi dev elops a th eor y or n a tion alism. Internationalism. w a r and p eace, which Is truly M arxian i n conception a nd Soclallstlc In oullool<. Send $1.10 to The Western Comrade. fi20 Callfo rnift Bu ilding, Los An gel es, Cal .. a nd w e will promptly h av e the book ·f orwa rded to you, postpaid. Llano Rug Works Ruga from old carpets. Rag ruga a specialty. Room size rugs as well as s mall sizes at Los Angeles prices. We pay fr eight both ways. Write for information or ship dir ect to Rug Department, Llano del Rio Colony, Llano, Calif. �28 · The Western Comrade THE WESTERN COMRADE ~ Entered aa second- clan matter at the s t a r l t e r s post oftlce at Los Angeles, C&L 526 California Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. Subscription Price Fifty Cents a Year ·In Clubs of Four Twenty~five Cents Job Harriman, Managing Editor Frank E. Wolfe, Editor Frank H. Ware, Associate Editor Vol. J If ----- No. JO ASH! ~(;TO:\ s~>nds out a t .. i('gr-am 1h11t G('rrnany has ofl'('rPd ~i r·<!r-<!gua more monPy than thr· ['nitr•d Stales for the :\ir·ar·a!!nan r·;11rai routr•, whic::h, ar·r·ording- to somr· sr•n<Jtors, is a11 arI!IIIIIPIIt in fa\'or of Hn immr·diate ratifir·afi011 or fh(' JH'Ilding tr-eaty, and to otirr·rs hPiir·n· tlwn• is an uitr·rior prrr·posr· hr,hiud it. \Vatl'h for thr• 11"11\"t• or Jli'I'Jlarr·dru·ss talk II OW. W A .!s. " l'STIL\},'1.\ in a stat<> of Hnr·r·st. I h<> Srwralrst par·tv th PJ't' has takPJJ a position 11gainst th<' ~~·ar and has ,·igorou,;ly fought l' nlistmrnt. ,,I iss l'a11khurst, ·who r·<·r·(•nt1.'· spo)((• at :\)PfiHIIIJ"nP on "Shalf ·'lr·n Eulist !" was inti'J'I'IIpt .. d hy soldrrTs who wr·r·r· s<·nt to thP nwl'fing for thr· pur·posr· of hrPaking it up. Thr•.v almost sw·r·r•edt'd in pr·r>r·ipitating a r·iot. hut final11• 11 iss Pankhurst r·orwlud ..d hr'r spt."PI'h. Sorrow ripens the GUST · RODIN. All that cat soul.-A."C- think i evil- HILL.AlRE BELLOC. 1\Iy reputation wil.l take care of itself.-WOODROW WII, 0 _ Our navy is too weak to be a bully.-REAR ADmRAL TAi'>- FORD. Jfhe greate t bonehead T l'\'er saw accu ed me of being one.GEOHGE PJ CKETT. I promise the House at soml.' future time to hi.' a grr·at deal lwttt•r. - ~lEYER LO~DO~. Ob, our women they are ublime ! -GE T- JOFFRE. Call me anything but Colonel.\Y:\I. HOWARD TAFT. I know po itively that a food trust i being organized.-GIFFORD PINCHOT. Ignorance i the onlv soil in which tyranny can fatten.THO~IA DIXON. I would be orry to ee an imm~>n e tanding army or·ganized in this eonntrv.-CARDI~AT~ G!RBO~.. . Firm n·f'us<~l una1·ailing, l ha1·p hP!'Il fOJ"(•(•d to . uhmit to the peopfp's wili.- \TA~ STI11l-IU1. This war hPgau . in I.'<: ret diploma<·:''· It will end in Sl'tret couferene•·s b~· diplomatists. - .TA.:\E ADD.\1fK I don't lwl ieYP i 11 \\'oman Su f'fragr· amll han•n 't ;tny !'('Sped for worJJr•n who dahhh• in sudr tra~lr.­ llETTY (JHRE:\. Don't l'lr·d me .\$sf'mhlv chairman for life. )Jake !t a· horh'J' term-you may want to ran Joe."\. A. STEW A HT. lk not rlumh d1·i'·"n slaYes i1r thl' ar·mv of d1',;truetion, hr• her'O\'S in t liP . (ll'lll,V of l'et:OIIStt·ndion. JJ]<;],E!\ 1\ ELLEH. Doping soldier·s with t•ther, rum or oth!'r spirits hefore tllP attaek has hr>Pn largely r esorted to.- .\11y_mall who will sahotage when hr· ·, 11·or·ki!1g for· 1r imsPI f hasn't got sr•nsr• t'llOUg"h to hr• an J. \\'. \\'.(l]WJH:E (; IBBO~S. .1011~ OAL~WORTTIY. H " ·r han' war· you'll .ee that young fighting officers of the ar·my "·ant to lw in mv comman<1.TilEODOHE ROOSEVELT. )fpam; of eommunication betwf'en In rnaniagr• man . tiurls not hi ..; this r·ountr,v and England eontinur matr• hut his housenrat('. 1t is for·had. The ldng's achi or believed tnnatr for tlw. vst~>m that the marJ:\D( '~T I{IAL _affair·s in .\uslr·<!lia that maki11g \\-. \\-. Astor a peer rird man soon ·lost'S all dl.'sirl' for ar·p Ill tur-nJtJJI. At Hr-ok!'n Hill "·ould lw rilensing to Americans.in :\r•w South \\1 a lr•s thousands of his m<~h· i11 r·apti,·ity.-1f AR 10!\ IIOW .\1m BHl'BAKER. COX. minr·rs an· on str·ikr•. In t iw sanH' ln 11 exi<·o thpr·r has lwen no casr stat .. r·okr• workr•rs ar;• also on strikr' \\' l' know that hnrulr·r·tls of r·omfor· h ighr·r· \\'al!t'.. Tlw pfl'('<·t of the l'adl's han' joirwrl tlH' Llflno Colon~­ of wa11ton looting of Americnu strikr· "·ill pr·ohahly h1• far·-r·t•aehing alld " "" would not kno\\·ingly do pr'OJWrty h~- )l(•Xieans in eOlnparias ~,.,,. ('astir• str•r•l wOJ·ks in Eng- aught to i11 an~- srnsP jeopa.nli;.w son " ·ith the ,,. nton looting of land d('p!'nd on thi,; suppl,1'. HP- thPir· intf'r'r•sts. - TH01L-\S W . 1!.. xir·an prOJWl'l.V hy Amerieans..JOTT.:\ 1\E~.:\I<:TII 'ITR:\'ER. por·ts say that othpr· indnstr·ies ar·p WILLTA1TR. aft'r•r·lt•d and gl'(·at signs of !!Pneral Gr·pat arti~ts paint for money. , Thl' mind will not rh•\"Piop unless (:n·at authors ar·•• "hairwd to tlw llnl'asinr•ss. ( 'ousr·ript ion ma~· hP 1'1'hrain is r·r. tr>d with t'n.io~· mrn t th r sortr·d to. pu h i isht'r 's irleals of hPst seller·s. llllll r·elir'f from all <·ar·r', and en.io~-s Physir·i<Jils must ho\1' to th e prc.iuan intensr l' XPitenwnt whe n such dir·Ps of their· patients. ~urgeon~ :\'<:!..\~() hns eallPrl al!ain fot· <'Xf'itl'm<'l1t r·esu lts onl,\- in plNrsur·r. hut too oftrn OJwrate for the gold hPr singlr· "'"" to .10111 the army. This pror·lamf!tion will hal"(' - -TOB IL\RRDfA:\. that is found in the appendix. Tlw 1 haY<' no ronntrv to fighr ~'or : lP!!<ll mind lwronH'S t hr tr·ickstr•r ti11· l'l'f•·..t of t'lii'OIIing all singlr men ol' military HJ!I' who han~ not been m~· l'Onntr~· is thr ·r arth: T am a fo~ !l..t":n·ions husirll'i\S. Th e legisI'XI'mptPil. This t'r•aih· mea11s ron- .. it izen of' th!' \l·orld. 1 would not lator· attal'h"s himsrlf to intl.'rest>< >w r·ipt iorr . Ei!!htt>r'n-~··ra r·-old hoys Yinlatr m~· prinripl es for God. mur·h nrPding- JH'Ot!'l'tion. Thr' minister m·p no\\- hPing pr·ps;;rd into tlrP srt·- ]p>;s for· a ('l'a ZY J,a iSPI'. a sa I' H g'(' of ( 'in·ist a\'oids offrnsin' allu. ion Yii'P. Th!' Yalne of mur·der tr·ain- rzar. a degenrn~te king-. or· a g-ang- to tiw husirH'ss· rri mes which his ing of the Ho~- Sronts will now he of l)Ot-hrllir•<l par:lsiti·~. -El " GE:\E pnrishionr·r·>: art' l'Ommittin~.­ , .. DEBS. dPIIIOIIStl'<ttrd. .Jilll:\ BHISHE:\ ,\'.\LKEH. • • • E �Th·e Western Comrade 29 Enthusiasm at Llano (Continued from Page 27) cr eated : a n ew point of view appeared and now t hat man is strong for practical things, things of solidity, things made t o stand. Concr ete ideas t ak e the p lace of the dreamy ahstmct. H e d oes n ot entirely '' han d on d reams, however. But drea ms a r·e seconda ry n ow with him. Llano is no dream city, but with act ive, willing cooperation on the part of t he men and women and .. hil clren too, t he ideal of the an··ients and t he hope of t he p r esent "'i ll he realized. Coop er ation menns " -orhing together; to r eali z~ 11 11 idPnt ity of interest, and when a person is assigned to a job, fo r insta nce t il e build ing a t ent, imagine til e t ent is to be yom·s and bu ild it as if for yourself. R ealize that 11·in lls hlo\1', th at r a in falls, t hat sno\r qu ietly nnd softly fall s, bu t lays h raYy. Th e t en t is the prop<'r tv of th e build er . Wi th t his idea in ~lu nd , t he eo"·s wi ll be stripped r·lr an, t he buttr 1· · " ·ill b e made s\\'eet nn d sanitil i',V, the h or ses shod prop erly a nd the machine with \\' liir h th e workman is en gaged will h!' k ept in a high st ate of r ep air. l•'m·tnnrs, leisu re, ideals, ethics, mol' a Is flow f rom t he recognit ion of tl t!' idrntity of interest. W ork. r·onscienti ou s an rl loved . wrou ght thr wond e1·s of t he world, builded the m onuments ·t hat h ave come tlo\\'n throu gh corrod ing t im e, pai nted t h e cam·as with h eaven inspiJ•in g images an d carved t h e Pn ri an ma rble into word-begging l'm·ms. Th e J,lHno th at lavs at th e feet of thr S ien a ilfad1·e ·is as fe1·til e as an v IHnd N lll he drsirrd. ThE' wat•·t:s tl1 Ht t nmhle dO\Yn f rom a 6500l'not r \·rlHtion rnn summr r and wi n t('J' 11 nd ra n feed t he tln r st,v ~~~il nnd huil d i nnu nw rahle crops. Thl' land is hrr('. T he wat!'J' is Jt,. t•r. F 1·om 11 p 1·art iclll leYell~<·atl('(l poin t of Yiew, f 1·om th e 'it·\\' point of a (']Hss-ron, ('ious man fit· \\'OlllHn who rontinu allv talk of I IH· soil a1~d thr " 'Hter a!> hrin g t l1e t•·qll isit('5 of life nnd dr plore the (, pt tlHJt it is n o'" 7:1 per crnt cont,·nllrd ln- thr l01·ds of rap ita l. • tl!!ht to' fm·r m11gnifieen tly lwre · nd r njoy the nf'w world in the 1 Hking. Ignorance is the Great Curse! Do you know, for instance, the scientific .difference between love and passion? Human lite is full of hideous exhibits of wretchedness due to ignorance of sexual normality. Stupid, pernicious prudery long has blinded us to sexual truth. , Science was slow in entering this vital field. In recent years commerclallsts eyeing profits have unloaded many unecientific and dangerous sex books. Now, the world's great scientific minds are dealing with this subject upon which human happiness often depends. No longer is the subject taboo among intelligent people. We take pleasure In offering to the American public the work of one of the world's greatest authorities upon the question of sexual life. He Is A11gust Forel, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., of Zurich, Switzerland. His book will open your eyes to yourself and explain many mysteries. You will be better for this knowledge. E very professional man and woman, those dealing with soci9,l, medical, aiminal, legal, r eligious and educational matters will find this book of immediate value. Nurses, police officials, heads of public institutions, writers, judges, clergymen and teachers are urged to get this book at once. The subject Is treated from every point of view. The chapter on "love and other irradiations of the sexual appetite" is a profound exposition of sex emotions-Contraceptive means discussed-Degeneracy exposedA guide to all in domestic relations-A great book by a great man. . "The Sexual Question" Her etofore sold by subscription, only to physicians. Now offered to the public. Written in plain t erms. Former price $5.50. Now 1ent prepaid for $1.60. This is the revised and enlarged Marshall English translation. Send check, money order or stamps. Gotham Book Society, Dept. 387 General Dealers in Books, Sent on MaH Order 142 West 23rd St., New York, N.Y. A TEMPTING OFFER H unQ.n~(ls n f subscriptit>ns a n? pr,uring- int o the ci_rculatton department or t he 'Vester r. Comra d e through comhina Lion offers. This num th w e h ave SC\'er·at n ew on es added to th e list. w ·ould you like to get THE NATI6NAL RIP-SAW ,·:ith the \\...estern Comrade at a r ed u ction ? .lust sen1l seventy.fivc cents to t he c ircula tion d epartment of lhe WEKTEH:\' COMRA f>E, 52G California Building, Los Angeles, Cal., and be p l aced o n the malti n g list or !Juth m agazfnps for on e year. T elephone Home A-4533 Home A-2003 Main 619 HARRIMAN & RYCKMAN A. J. STEVENS Attorneys at Law 921 Higgin s Bullding Los Angeles, Cal. Dentist · 306 South Broadway Los Angeles, Cal. Room 514 �30 The Western Comrade Women's Magazines Th e Western Comrade has a r ra nged sel·t·r·al good combination offers for t!J;. ben efit of its wom<·n r t•aders. .-\ mong t hem are : Today 's rna gazine and :.'IIc( 'a ll 's, both wi t h the \\'estern ComradP for on e y<·ar fot· $1.25. This inr·ludt~s a fr et• :\l ay ?\fanIon patt1·rn a nd a free ·McCall pattern. J\no th et· 1Prnpting offer is Today 'sand H ousewife and t he \\'pslr·rn ( 'ontrad<·. Tli <•sc thrcP <·nn IH· had in •·otnhin at ion for one yea r for $1.00. Still anotli <· r offpr inelud<·s sevt·ra l tn al-(az int·s. lt. is T odny's. \\'01nan 's \\' orld , Home Lit'('. J', ..,p lt··s l 'opu lar :\fonthly and tl11· \V('st•·rn ( 'otnt·ad e al l fo r o nt• ~· ~ · ar fo r $ 1.:)0. J\1 1 •·lt t•t·ks or JllOllt'V orrlers should he ntad(· to till'. WESTERN COMRADE 526 Califo rnia Building Los Angeles, Cal. Our Greatest Offer! Here Is a combination offer of The American Socialist. official organ o! the National Socia list Party, the famou s "1914 National Campaign Book" and Th e Western Comrade that not one reader of The W este rn Comrade can afford to let slip hy. The American Socialist for one year is · · · · · · · · · $ The 1914 Campaign Book. The Wester.n Comrade for one yea r 16 · · • · · · · • • • · • Total ·50 ·:;-.50 • 50 . ...... .. .... .... $1 .SO We will make you a combination of the above for just $1.00 Take advantage of this offer now ! Address : Circulation Manager THE WESTERN COMRADE 526 California Bldg. Los Angeles. Cal. Wedd1n g B e 11s (Continued from Page 26) t he whol e thing out while I sat oYer ther e wishing l could die. Nobody would t ell m e, so I figured it out. They won 't t ell b ecause if gi rls kn ew what beasts m en are th ey would n ever marry and th en t her.c wouldn 't be a uy babies born in to the world. '' H er e was a situation! What a p~rfectly ghastly idea! · ''Th ey won 't even t ell us about t he babi es for fea r w e'd b e afraid to get marri ed. B ut w e have some sense and w e f ind out better for ou rselves. \ Vhcn mamma t old me s he found me in the river bed I lmcw it was a lie. I t hi nk she might hal'l' tnltl me th e truth about t ha t. It's so 11·o-onderful. And it nPH J' " ·ould h<ll't• stopped m<'. I'd suft'el' anyth in!-(" to- toit isn 't thP pain- it's t he - - ' ' She covered h (•r f a(·P. " Th e w}tat, t hen 1" '' Th e sham r, '' s he whisp ered. '' Oh. i f th e st·cret had been anything but that- anything- anything ; I eou ld ha\·e stood it ! And I thought. ,Jim m ie was so good . If he is h ac! . ho11· honihlc ot her m en must hP ,. ' )frs. S. B. sm ile<l at that. She hcgan to sec !Jpr way m ore clearly. "l\[amma dirl try to w ar n m e. I ough t t o g i1·c her cr edit for thnt. ::-;h e t old m e 1 'd f ind Jimmie wnsn't t h e a ngel I t hought him. hut women that kn t• w whi ch side th eir lm·nd w as bu tt ered on lea m ed to put up with 111PII . •\n d wltil c :\Irs. :!\ Tarti n ·was pinning on my Yeil sh P r ed , 'If Jimmie gets stingy von, g irli e vou come t o m e. ' · to eoax opr n h1s · (' h vou how pock et h o~k. ' ' ' Fivr-Feet-On e fairly shrunk in h er chair. So t hat \l·as wh at marriage m eant to them ! "I didn't know wha t th ey mea nt th en . But I do now. I 'd stflnc first. '' FiYe-Feet-On e plun ged into h er t ask. Rh c shook lwr hPa d rl on btfn ll~r . " I'm \·er v mnrh afr fl id .Jim miP w on 't fo r gi ~·c ~·011. ' ' '' Forgive m e !'' " Y t•s. for vour eru eltv. How r onltl ~- on ·m11i\P snrh 11 st~1pid m istak<' " lf p is nothing lik P ~· ou think. You misunder stood him, that 's all." "You m ean I got the secr et wrong ?" '' Ridiculously wrong . ' ' " \Von't vou t ell m e?" l\Irs. !:3. B. r eliected. Could she undo y ears of p erverted t eachings in a few minutes 1 No, h er task lay w ith th e boy. He, at least, kn ew himself. The girl ]mew n either herself nor him. "No, I sh an't tell you. A girl who h as t h ought such eYil things of h er h usband ou ght to he punished, don 't you t hink so ?' ' " I - I suppose so. But- " timidly-" do I n eed to b e so afraid? " "Not a t a II , only as we t r emble b efore a ll of natu r e's see r ets. It '~ a secr et, yes-a myst~ ry d eep and d cli f'a t c and lo1·cly, but it 's a good secret-a bringer of joy when two p ersons lol'e cat·h other and treat it as th e frRgil e thing it is. So rl on 't w orry any more a bout it, my dear. '' Ne llie's face grew radiant. " \\'h~· . it m ust have someth ing t o do with my dream." " ::\la~d w it has. \Vhat was your drram "'' " 1 u setl to try to dream of Jimmit>, hu t I n ever could. But when 1'd t ry a nd try, sometimes I 'd have anotliPt' dr<'am almost as lovelv. But it's a hard d1·eam to tell. At first it seemed to be a co lot· but n ot a color l h ad eYer seen , th en it w ould turn to hu ndreds of dream rolors t hat would seem to wrap all a bout me. And I would try to t ell t h em they were smothering me. ] rouldn,:t st and th eir brightness, and I wou1a.-· w11ke all breathless and tremblin g. Has that something t o do with th e secret?" :\Irs. S. B . smiled. " Yrs. a great m a ny stainless g irls lil<c you only dream of th t· see r et at f irst. By a nd by you may rlrram while vou ' r e awake. Now I 'm going to find Jimmie and as!; him to fo r gil'e you. Y on wai t her e. " S he found h im at th e barn enh·an ee pretend ing to m end a set ot harness. but the harn ess had dr oppPrl to th P ground 11nd his hand w a ' undt•t· his <l PjP('trd , sull en lips. �T h e W e s 't l:l r n C o m r a d e· She walked up to him and the scene that. followed was in plain \·iew of the horrified eyes of Mrs. Baptist J udge Par ker who sat at rhe window fretting over t he inexplicable absence of her daughter. ·· Where 's Nellie~'' she had asked her n ew son-in-law, and he had sullenly answered, ''I dunno,' ' and not another word could she get out of ]rim. "What business has that wolllan with Jimmie ?" This to her~df as she peeped t hrough the curtains. " Th at W omr.n" was evidently doing all t he talking. Jimmie lllcrcly r egist ered emotions. l<1rst indiffe rence, then surprise, then confusion, then horror, then a desi r·c to run. At t his point " that \\·oman " laid a detaining hand on his arm. '' Oh, t he creature,'' groaned :\[rs.•Judge, "and her ten years older if she's a day! Oh, where's :\ellic ?" J immie r eached for a handkerdrief and mopped his forehead and sat down again . Mrs. S. B. sat down besid e him talking very fast and smiling a · great deal. This onesided conYersation proceeded while Jimmie mopped his fo rehead. n radually he lost his self-consciousnrss ahd absorbed her words with <rn eager anxiety. l\irs. Baptist .Tudge Parker sat by t h e window and looked and wheezed and L 1a n o groaned. It was all too clear ·that that Socialist woman was busy at t he festive f17ee-love p astime so popular with all Socialists. She was t rying t o br eak up NeHie's home. " P oor, poor Nellie! · Oh, you wretch!'' The last was ' for J immie. He had t aken Mrs. S. B. 's hand and after pumping it up and down was holding it and squeezing it. ·Such goings on! And him only married two days ! It was a.t this point that she considered looking for Nellie's dead remains in the cellar. She saw them start across the beet field, saw Mrs. Socialist Barnes stop in her n ew plowed patch, saw. Jimmie take the three bottom steps at a jump, only to stop on the fourth and mop his forehead before making a final dash for the door. And the Menace 1 What did she do ? Did she start nlanting vegetables like a sen:sible, r espectable woman ~ No. She stood absolutely idle for a few minutes, then knelt down and placed her ear against the earth as if to listen. " Oh , oh! It 's a fr ee-love rite just like I thought. She's waitin ' for th e devil to t ell her what to do n ext!'' With a lpud groan she b egan :tter sear ch for Nellie. And she looked first in the empty trunk in the cellar. • M ustngs .31 PEARSON'S is the -anly· Magazine · of its kind This is why:-; ' . I This is what it 'did:ABANDONED FANCY COVERS CUT OUT COLORED PICTURES ADOPTED PLAIN PAPER This was the purpose:A plain form would enable the mag- azine to live on its income from subscriptions and monthly sales. It would not have to consider the effect on advertisers when it wanted to print the truth about any public question. This was the result:Pearson's now prints the truth about some question which affectsyour welfare in every issue. It prints/acts ... which no magazine that depends on advertising could "afford'' to print. And, ~ith all this, Pearsons still prints as much fiction and entertainment articles as other magazines. If you want plain facts instead of -pretty pictures buy a copy on the news stand for 15 cents, or subscribe by the year for $1.50. By special arrangement with Pearson's we are able to make you the following clubbing offer. You can get both PEARSON'S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN COM· RADE for one year by aendlng $1.00 to (Continued from P age 24) \\'hen it tends to preserve the \\"hole; when it does not, beware ! . \ sincere enemy is a dangerous one, and anything organized for tIre advantage of the poor will get ·incere opposition, even from the . poor themselves, who too often are not r eady to fight with nature, but SPek eith er alms from the rich or advantage over each other. That lamentabl e large element uncons•·iously seeks to , destrQy itself t hrough their unorganizable nature nll d f rom my experience with them l rejoice in their success, for that \ 1 lr ich is unorganizable is useless t " the further progress of man. That which will organize is th ~ yr·ast of the n ew age. To the or- ganizable. I say, "Combine to serve yom self. " And to the unadaptabl e t o organization I say, "Good- . bye. '' Take heart, comrades of the I,lano. You are on the right track for self-preservation through your organized effor ts. You can afford . to be patient- to eliminate that which you can not consolidate, and you n eed not worry about your waste. It is sad that not all will join heartily, but we may be glad that so many of us are able and willing to combine. W e may rejoice in the work so far accomplished and it will cheer us on to gr eater efforts for our collective good. ; Three y~r!i ago P~rson's ·decided tb be a free magazine. • The Western Comrade 526 CALIFORNIA BLDG. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. Your Combings made into switches for one dollar, postpaid. • Work guarantud. MRS. E. TURNWALL p ano, Cal. �ELKSKIN BOOTS and SHOES 'Factory operated in connection ~ with LLANO DEL Rio CoLONY Men's 10-inch boots.$6.00 Men's 12-inch boots. 7.00 Men's 15-inch boots. 8.00 Ladies' 12-in. boots.. 6.00 Ladies' 15-in. boots.. 1.oo Men's Elk work shoes 4.00 Men's Elk dress shoes 5.00 Ladies' Elk shoes. . . 4.00 Infants' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 . ........... 1.50 Child's Elk shoes, 5¥2 to 8. . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Child's Elk shoes, 8¥2 to 11. ... . . . . . . 2.50 Misses' and Youths, 11¥2 to 2 .. . .... . . 3.00 Place stocking foot on paper, drawing pencil around as per above If· Iustratlon. Pass tape around at lines without drawing tight. Give •lze usually worn. IDEAL FOOTWEAR F or R anc h ers an d Q ut d oor M en The famous Clifford Elkskin Shoes are lightest and easiest for solid comfort and will outwear three pair of ordinary shoes. We cover all lines · from ladies,' men's and . children's button or lace in light handsome patterns to the high boots for mountain, hunting, ranching or desert wear. Almost indestructible. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurement according to instructions. Out of town shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P. 0. order and state whether we shall forward by mail or express. SALES DEPARTMENT Llano del Rio Cotnpany 526 California Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1916-02 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-02 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n10_191602 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-25 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n10 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/ecc1a73bd432d1f37aa9e62a5ebec61b.pdf 27134c33ef3e6f122c3937336069a993 PDF Text Text �Llano del Rio Co-operat~ve· _C olon.Y Llario, California Is the -greatest Community Enterprlae ever launched T HIS In America. · · The colony · w~ founded by Job Harriman and Is situated In ~he beautiful Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, Call-· fornta, a few h6urs' r.tde from Los Angeles. Tbe c~unlty Is solving the problem of disPmployment and business ·failure, and offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their families. AIJ<?ut 120 acres of &arden waa plan:ted tbfa suits have been most gratlfyi:ng. :rear. Tha re- · Social life In the colony l.s most dellgbtful. Entertainments and dances are regularlY eatabllshed functions. Base· ball, basket-ball. tennis. swimming, ftshlng, bunting and all other ~~orts •and pastimes are populu with all ages. Sev~l bu'.ndred acres a.r~ no~ in alfalfa, which la exHere Is an exam'ple of co-operation tn action. I;lano d~l pected. to •run six cuttings of bea.vy bay this aeaaon. There Rio Colony Is an enterprise unique in the history of com- · are two 'procfucing orcbards at1d ' about firty-ftve acres Of munfty groups. young pear trees. ·: several hundred 'acres wlll be planted In -.. pears and 'apples n-ext year. It was established by Job Ha:rrlman to soll'e the problem . · ·• . or unemployment by providing steady employment for the. · Six .J:iundr~d Qd forty acres have been set asld-e tor a workers; to assure safety and comfort for the -future and for site for a · city. ~.h.e building department is making brlc'ka old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best for the construction of ·.hundreds of homes. The c~ty will school under personal supervision, and to provide a. social .. lie the -only_ one · of Its klnd in the world. It will be built life amid surroundings better than can be found In' the com- with the entt of being beautiful and utlllta.rlan. petltlve world. ' There . are 1000 . memberships in the o!ol,}y and most Some of the aims of the colony are~ To solve the problem o.f'them are subscribed for. It Is believed that the remainder year since the colony began to work ·o ut the· problems that wUI be taken .within the next few months. · confront pioneers. There are about 700 persons living at the new town or Llano. There are now more than 200 The broadest democracy prevails In the management ot pupils in the schools, and several hundred a.re expected to be the colony. There is a directorate of nine, elected by th"e enrolled before a year shall have passed. Plans are under stockholders, and a community commission of nine, elected · way for a school building, which will cost several thousand by the G-eneral Assembly-all persons over 18 ;voting. Abaodollars. The bonds have been voted and sold and there Is lute equality pre\·aiJs In every respect. The ultimate popunothing to delay the building. lation of this colony will be between 6000 and 6000 persona. Schools have opened with classes ranging from the Montessori and kindergarten grades through the Intermediate, which Includes the first year In high school. This gives the pupils an opportunity to take advanced subjects, Including languages In the colony school. The coloily is organized as .a corporation under the lawe of California. The capftallzatlon Is $2,000,000. One thousand members a.re provided for. Each ·shareholder agrees to subscribe for 2000 sHares of stock. Each pays cash $1000 for 1000 shares. The colony owns a fine herd of 105 head of J·ersey and Holstein dairy cattle · and Is turning out a large amount of dairy products. There Is steady demand for our output. Deferred payments. on the remaining 1000 shares are made by deducting one dolla.r per day from the $4 wage of the colonist. • There are over 200 hogs In the pens, and among them a la.rge number of>good brood sows. This department wllJ be given special attention and ranks high in lmportan'ce. Out .of the· remaining $3 a da'y, the colonist gets the necessities and comforts of life. The colony has seventy-five work horses, two large tractors, three trucks and a number of automobiles. The poultry department has 2000 e.gg-mak!ng birds, some of them blue ribbon prize winners. This department, as aU others, Is in the charge of an expert and it wiJl ·expand rapidly. The balance remaining to the Individual · credit of the colonist may be drawn- In cash out of the net proceeds or the enterprise. There are sevetal hundred hares in the rabbitry and the manager of the department says the arrivals a.re in startling numbers. · ·continuous employment is provided, and vacations arranged as may be desired by the colonist. There a.re about 11,000 grape cuttings fn the ground and thousands of deciduous truit and shade trees In the colony nursery. This department is being steadily extended. The community owns seve.r al hundred colonies of bees wlllch a.re producing honey. This department wtil be lnereased to several thousands. Several tons of hbney are on hand. Among other industries the colony owns a steam laundry, a planing inill, la.rge modern sawmill, a printing plant, a machine shop, a soU analysts laboratory, and a nuniber of other productive plants are contemplated, among them a cann ry, a tannery, an ice plant, a shoe fa.e.tory, knitting and wea.ving plant, a motion picture company and 'factory. All of this machinery is not yet set up o I g to the stress of handling crops. . The colonists a.re fa.rmlng on a large scale with the use ot modern. machinery, using scientific system and tried m.ethoda. A per cent of the wages may be drawn in cas.h. Each member holds an equal number of share• of stock as every other sha.reholder. Each member receives the ll.a me wage as every other member. In case anyone desiFes to leave the colony his shal'H and accumulated credits may be sold at any tlm11: Are you tired of the competitive world? Do you want to get into a position where every ho::r'J work will be for yourself and your famuy? Do you want assurance of employment and provisions for the fu.t uref A.ak for the booklet entltled: ''The Gateway to Freedom." Subscribe for The Western Com.r ade ($ .50 per ye.a.r), and k eep posted on the progress of the colon,-. A.a'k about our montblY payment installment membership. Address -;. LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY, 526 California Building, Los Angeles, California. �... I co !?age . 5 E ditorial Comment By Frank E . Wolfe. ·~ 9 When Slavery Will End By Adelaide Maydwell. !-iocialists and Preparedn .. ' Preparedness at Llano 10 13 By R. K. Williams. 19 Theory and Socialism By John Dequer. 22 Ilumpety Dumpety (Poem ) By Ernest R. Wooster. Do Unto Others . 23 Safr ty Next 2,1 By Clara R. Cushman. 29 Look, You Kings! (Poem ) By Harvey E . Westgate. ILLUSTRATIONS Preparing the Worhr· l'' rontispiecc Out of th e Basket 6 The Triumphant Glad iHtor 7 Hulling Strawherr·i(•s in a Louisiaua ('anuet·y 9. Preparedness Takes )I en from Constrmtive Labol' 10 Deprivation and Exposure for Patr.iots ; Joy for Capita lists 11 Making Brick at Llano 14 Turning Brick 15 Preparedness 16 The New and Old ~I ethod~ of Scn1ping l;ancl at L!an.o Proposed School fo r Llano alves Feeding Dairy ITerd on Way to Be l\lilkc1l 18 . 19 20 2~ �Preparing the Worker. "Prepare yourselves to shoot· yoUI"Selves, you damned fools ; there's profit and safety in it for us."-That Is what the capitalists would say to the working class if they, the capitalists, said what they N!ally th.lnk and want. -Drawn ror:.Westem Com-rade by M. A. K empf. �E --------------------------- Political Action Devoted! fo> the Callu ol the. Worial,.. Co-ope~atlon - VOL. III NUMBER 9 WS ANGELES, CAL.. JANUARY. 1916 Picturesque Scene Below Damsite, Showing Big Rock Creek and Road to Llano. E D I T 0 c R I A L 0 M M E N T By Frank E. Wolfe S AFBTY first was a !!reat idea, a great cateh proof lies in the fact that twenty persons were shot. word and almost a war cry. It was almost as That makes it a battle for the daily press. 'l'he fact that there were no safety experts or gunmen in~.tood as "swat thr fly,·' "back to the land" and other nifty little sayings invrnted by clever press jured would lead some of the more critical to label agents. _Out of it has grown what bids fair to be it a massacre. a great institution, "the safety expert." HEHE is something encouraging in the speed The American Landsturm is commanded by a safewith which the strikers at East Youngstown ty exp~rt, in fact he already is here. \Ve have the daily papers for it. The safety expert was in com- . learned a lesson. Once they hl}d faced a storm of mand of th~ gunmen of East Youngstown, when a bullets, while they were closely massed in the lo of misguided strikers sought to picket at the streets, they had had enough. J nstead of throwing gates of a steel mill. The safety experts ordered bricks at the gunmen, and inviting m.ore slaughter, the gunmen to fire, and at the first volley twenty they dispersed and within a brief time went at it vi<'tims fell. Among th~m were some women who in a different manner. One is almost persuaded to beli.eve that some were so far away they could not hear the war cry " Safety First" and seek cover. In fact they did geniu.s in their midst made a discovery and whisnot even know there was a safety exp·e rt with hls pered to them of the p.otentiality of a bolf of .m atches and a bottle of benzine. At amy rate they no JloiJ,ger platoon of assistants in that vicinity. Of course it was annournc:ed as a battle, arnd the faood the armed thugs or endangered their lives. T • • • �The WesteTn Co Tade 'rhi11 was a ~oup of "ignorailt foreignet§." but other channels of poradic mutinil.' and widl.'tlwir al'tion in Youngstown has made a profound spread :unrest. irnprt•1111ion on the working class. We are for poGermany with her world-wide py y f('m prt'· liti•~al aetion. We are opposed to all acts of vio- tends to ba\'e information which indicate that J,mee, and 11nug as it may sound, we deeply deplore · British rule in India is doomed; and, with or withthe adion at Youngstown. It was \lad to destroy out foundation, claim the di affection pr ads, tu property and rf'grettable that the mill owners saw other British holdings. They hint darkly at n po · fit to ro~hoot down twenty human beings. In spite sible uprising that will lead to complete revolution of thill we can't help thini.Ung it was well for the in Egypt; and they point with considerable justiworker11 abandon mass action in the vicinity of fication to· colonial misrule in that country wh l't• the mills. jndustrial abd economic conditions ha,·e long bt>t'll a disgrace to Great Britain. 11 E Youngstown steel mill . workers ·were men According to the plans of the Anglo-Jnpancst' imported from Europe and mercilessly ex- treaty the Nipponese ·are pledged to come to tlw ploited from the hour of their landing. They were resrue should Great Britain's poss{',sion beconw hPatr.n, cheated and swindled at every turn. They imperiled. The indications are the central powers w<•rc brutally fl<>eced and worked to a point of beas- will supply the peril and involYe the Far East ill tiality in the mills. At the strugglr. thPir· first sign of protest + • • t h(•ir masters unhesitatingHE most amusing inly shot them down like terview with Henry dogs. Ford immediately followBlinrll,v, possibly stning his return was that in pi<lly, th<'y mrt dircrt ficwhic·h he disclosed the tion with dir·ect actionfad thnt hr had discov. thry of n character t.hRt errll the <>conomic waRte could not make hut the of war in that it <laily dcmnstPt'S pansr. stroyC'd a large number of + + + pr·oduct ive worl<crR. IIent·y l<:Sl'l'rE the silence • knows of hut orw yardand snppr<'. sion of stick hy which Jo mcaRurc the British Oovel'!1mrnt in working men - the num. all affait·s in I pdiR. There bc-r of autornohill's they is n gr·owing hrlirf of an could mak1• and asHemble in one day. He H!IYS they . imminrnt dang<>r· of a trear<> I}I'Rtroying human life mendou 1'<'\'olt of the Hinthat Ponlcl turn out 5000 du . Thi i not entirely Fords a nay of say- ten ba, ed upon report of uch hours. 1'his is a (aet hwidrnts a thl' depo ition known to millions of "failf Nnwnll. , nltnn Ul ~lul­ ki, the ~izam of Hyderur<>s " hut it eo11t a great bud, or othrr influential "RUI•I•P!>fl" hundrCdH • of Out of the Basket ludinn princ•e. . hut is thoufland<> of dollan and an orwra houtl'e trip to rntltl.'r hnst>tl on c•onl inuou . ' ·amlahoo,·ia to flml nut. tori , l.'omin~ through T • • • T D �The Western Comrade a spifflicator of A sstr·aw men, T. R. has Jio li\'ing equal. His ~hief occupation touay is to quote extensively from wkrt nobody has said, and to pro~eeu in his own fearful and wonderful 11·ay t o utterly demolish th<· illo~i··al utterances that JJ<'I'<' l' lJa\'c been uttr·rcJ. The· paeifids- if there · rc·ally is sw·h a cr·eaturcgpfs "his" as regularly as Teddy grts his modic·um of l1ot blood and raw honrs for breal,fast. If his press agents can get enough of his dope into the daily newspapers he hop<'s to <'rowd down stage rnongh to get the Rrpuhlican nomination at 1he coming Chicago convention. 1 men enlisted under the Derby plan, and all hoped for active service in the field. Workers in British mills and mines, and dwellers of the London slums were, in thousands of instances, willing t~o out to the camps and 1!1e fields to fight and, if need be, die like men in the open. Now the disclosure is· madP. Conscription will come quickly and there will be no more subterfuge. These men were "starred." as " unfit" for "active service as soldiers under arms. but will be used as munition wor]}ers OR lN O'l'HER FIEI1DS." T + + + HE officials admit that 428,853 men of military age were rejected for + + + ''medical'' r easons. PoThe Triumphant Gladiator T is estimated that Turlitely put. Lack of proper key has 100,000 Chrisnutrition before birth and tians (Armenians ) held during their life would in involuntary servitude. come nearer the truth. Their method of enslaving these men was direct and Now that there are se1·eral hundred thousand ablewith at least a measure of candor. Th ey were osten- bodied workers available for service under military sibly r ecruited in large numbers to serve in the Turk- orders British labor will fa c·e a quick sharp camish army-gathered in large camps but never· were paign of conscription and under this other hundreds given guns. That would have been unwise. With- of thousands of workers will he drafted for the facout any unnecessary delay these recruits were put tories, fields, coal mines, trams, docks and railways. to work on military details and so cruel has been :-:imple and. direct as the Osmanlis. 'l'he only diftheir treatment that they are perishing by thou- ference is, in Ttirkey it is :Mohammedan enslaving sands. Barbarous! Christian; in En gland it is Christian enslaving + + + Ciu·istian. ln France the employers brok e up a gen'e ral railT is not estimated how many are prepared for involuntary servitude in England-the number is way strike by directing their government to call known. The official figures are 761,875. Of these the army to the colors, then ordered the soldier en49,808 are married and 312,067 are single. These giuec·rs, firemen, switchmen, trainmen and other I I �8 The Western Comrade soldier-railway workers to their tasks under-martial law. "In England u.nder the "defense of the realm,'"' with a few hundred thousand more soldier-dockers,~ carters, tram men, railway men and miners under eonscription, Organized Labor will be at the mercy of rapacious capitalism. . In America we of the wor_king cla.Ss do things better-or do we? One large body of Organized Labor already is shouting for preparedness. Nowhere do we hear the voice of indignant protest against these war measures advocated by the munitions makers and their legislative puppets at Washington. California has the distinction of having two strong advocates of military servitude. 'fhe plan is to build national highways with soldiery. At first blush the plan looks alluring in that it · proposes to put soldiers to work. (The only instance I know where professional killers did actual valuablr work was when the Hessians paved Duke street, Alexandria, Va., with cobble stones which remain there to this hour, a hubblety, jolty reminder of this solitary instance.) But the highway soldiery plan would not so work out. Rathel' it would transform decent workingmen into vicious loafers that live unnatul'al lives in military camps. This would mean automobile roads fo!' the rich tourists, and a conscript army that would preclude any possibility of a successful strikP in any largr industry in Aml'rica. Lahor is relying on lradei·s who are at this hour hobnobbing with the militarists and mnnitionists at \Vashington. L + + + OS ANGEI,ES is a highly moral city, truly a city of angels and saints-a city with the lid on. '!'herr is no scgregatea district, no red lights 1 blink ehrrrily in any chosen section of the· city. and from rvPry pulpit you can get fulsome and gratuitous accounts of our purity. Envious outsider,; sprak slmingly of "whited st>pul!'hers. '· The difference between J,os Angl'les and other t·l\ ies is simply that we do things differently. Before me lies the class-ad srction of an eYen- ing paper, and; i.n one column I count printed solicitations from twenty-seven houses of prostitution. In this hlghly: moral and ed~cational daily I learn that· "Lucy" . has moved from the old stand on Spring street to a better location on Hill; and that "Vivian" i:;;. with her. I see that "LaBelle" is at the ·same ·old stan~ where the French method is still in use. I am able to locate ''Maude,'' ''Margarite" and ~'Ina," and I Jearn that "Victoria Ballou, formerly. of Louisville, Ky.,'' is an operator giving massage and sweats in our midst. This illuminating page also conveys the gratifying intelligence that · a respectable dentist establishment has been opened on. premises where, until recently, a notorious house of assignation and prostitution has b~en operated by the knowledge and consent of its o~;ner-a merchant prince, who h-as led a "most exemplary lift>." The municipality has for a long time rented its property in Temple Block where at least one saloon has flourished: This by consent of the City f'ounciL With this shining example before them the Board of Education doubtless has few qualms of eonsciencP when it reads the class-ad section and sees that its own ''waffle allry,'' sometimes known as )'[ereantilc Place, is becoming a popular resort for the ''bath and massage parlor.'' The annual rental of "waffle alley" is . $25,000 a ypar. Critical perS0.1S haYe said it was worth four tinws that amount, hut tlw Board of Education goes calmly ou in its supe!'ior way. The casual stroller through ;\T(•rrantile Place is assailed by the dclectahlc odors of hot waffles, and less pleasant odors from the, dog-and-monkey stores that line thr way. Here tlw c·ry of the cockatoo and the shr·ipk of tht> ..!1impanze,. arc mingled with the tintinabulntion of tuneless pianos in the song shops. l'pstairs o\·er this · municipal menagerie "Maud" . and "Clar·a .. and othPrs of "formerly of's" and "new oprrators. ··await the unwary, unwashed· and unsw!'atrd mall's. who .for a grrat part. arrive from \filpetn;;:. ~hrho~·gan and Skowh<'gan. Alas, for thl' <'rstwhile glot·i,•s of ""'atfle Alley;" It is awful-too wafflr. ( �The Western Comrade When S 1 a.v e r y T I En .d HE National Child LaEach year a new lot leave By ADELAIDE MAYDWELL bor Coi!lDlittee has just hool to~ soon go to work managed extensive too . blmdly wor'k observancr, of Child too long hour . ill IJabor day. This the citizens of the ,. o m m i t t e e a nUnit~d tates n ver uounces that !JOOO 'take ~oncerted acorganizations, intion against this duding churches waste of children f" synagogues, a 11 d The eonunitt ·e is rwognizetl the day. made up of good But why ? Why men and women have a Child Labor who are actuated . Day 1 ::::iurely Amerby the highest posiea is agreed that sible motives. They "hild labor is not are doing excellent •·onsist cnt with her · work. They are ideals. The Namaking exhaustive tional Child J_;abor irivestigations and Committee, realizcontinuously · are ing that these quesbringing to light tions will be asked, the terrible condiTots Hulling Strawberries In a Louisiana ·cannery . . has issued the foltions that . exist in lowing explanatory the industrial disstatrment: "Child Labor Day is a reminder. \Vc tricts. They are pressing issues .for the amelio.r ation ha \'e a strong sentiment in this country against thP. of these conditions, and so urgent has been the demand ··xploitation of children, but, perhaps for the very that in many states there have been laws pass~d for r·rnson thilt our sentiment is strong-so strong as to the protection·of the child slaves in factories, m.ills and make it hard to believe child labor can exist in Amer- mines. With this the Socialists have no quarrel. The it·a-we havr nevrr tal<rn the decisive steps to end achievement is in every way valuable. The effort is once for all the labor of children. worthy. We do say that we have lrttle patience with simple "lf a 14-year age limit in factories anu 16-year I irnit in mines were enforced throughout the country palliatives. We always wish our friends were pro111ore than 50,000 children would immediately be elim- c·eeuing with a little more understanding of the real, iJJatcd from industry. That is, more than 50,000 chil- und<·rlying cause of child s lavery. Of course there are ,IJ·en are at work in the United States contrary to the many in the work . who are true Socialists and who JH'imary s'tandards of child labor legislation. . If the understand thoroughly. •·ight-hour day and no night work in factories· were Tt{e committee does well to point out the fact that the law for childre~ under 16, another 100,000 chil- the economic interests of capitalism demand the child' I t·en wo~ld be affected. There are still states in the. hood of 1,990,225 of the . co~g generation. It does l 'nion where children 9 or 10 years old may be found well to show that 100,000 American children have no at .JfOrk in the mills. There are still states where the protection against the avarice of the captains of indus··hila of 12 may work eleven hours a day. There are try who work them long hours and violate the rules of , fill states where the education of a child under 14 is . hu.m anity by working them during the night. not compulsory. 'l'he census of 1910 found 1,990,225 Child slavery will continue in some fol'1ll as long ··hildren between 10 and 16 at work in this country. as wage slavery continues. It is true that shortening "It is because these things are so and we in Amer- the hours of toil and improving safety and sanitary coni•·a are apt to forget them, that we ask our friends to ditions are all in the nature of the wol'king class con··h erve Child Labor Day and remind the country that quests. But it is also true there will be no victory unhild labor. in the United tates' is a live, pressing is- til all who toil are--liberated from the galling chains of ne. Each year a new lot of children go to work.. the capitalist system. �T k.e, W e s t e r n C o m r a d e ~0 Preparedness takes men from useful, pr'!\luctive labor and puts them to d'o uset~ss, wasteful and destructive task's. c======oallE !::iocialist Party must soon take a posi- · T tive stand on its position as to preparedness. This is admitted by all who have given this problem any thought: Among the leading Socialist writers, opinion is divided. Charles Edward ~ussell is out flat-footed for preparedness. This has shocked many of the revolutionary followcr·s of that highly popular leader. Joshua Wan 0 hope, editorial head \\Titer for the New York Call, admits he is at sea and asks helplessly for the answer. L. B. Boudin, whom Wanhope invites to supply the answer, takes up the challenge and writes for the New Review critical analysis of the position of Socialists of America. Boudin, ih his article, says he tries to throw some light on the subject and find a. position that is .at least consistent without leading straight into the preparedness camp. In taking up the position of Russell he says : "What is the argument that Russell advanced in favor of preparedness that has so discomfited us 1 If we examine the Russell argument closely we shall find that it consists of two basic positions: (1) That war is inevitable; that it is of the very essence of capitalism to breed wars,- it is the nature of the beast. (2) 'l'hat in the event of war it is the duty of Socialists to stick to their nation, or at least defend it when it is attacl<ed. Both doctrines are supposed to be 'acJepted Socialist theory,' and the first one particularly revolutionary. When the two are put together, there 19· no escape except in preparedness,-or in the clouds. But if either one of them should prove incorrect, the force of the Russell argument is broken, and we niay perhaps find the solution of which Wanhope despaired. How about them, then 1 Can either of them be safely attacked by a Socialist 7 And if so, whicb 7 ''My answer to this question is: neither of these two doctrines is true, at least not in· the current or 'aceepted' sense, in the sense in which it is used in the discussion on war and pr-eparedness. This may sound s .o·c·i a 1i s t s ~ and startling, particularly so ~s to the alleged revolutionary doctrine that ~B:i>italism.-competition-of necessity_ breeds wa'r. . And authority may be quoted against me, as well as the fact that they are 'universally accepted ' among ·socialists. I will concede that they are generally 'accepted,' but I ' categorically deny that either of them is either true or revolutionary. "'fhe fact is that capitalism as such is neither war-. like nor pacific,· or, rather, sometimes warlike and sometimes pacific, depending entirely on the stage of development and s.u r-rounding circumstances. The salient point which is important . f~r us here is that there is no inevitability about war, such as is supposed to flow from the very ·existence of the competitiv_e system. History proves conclusively that a highly developed competitive society can get ·along very nicely-and very profi'l:ably to the capitalists-without war. I have discussed this matter at some length in my book, 'Socialism and \Var,' where I have attem,pted to back up my assertion with some proof by a reference to historical events, and I shall refer the reader to that book for th~ proof. "' "According to \Vanhope-and he evidently expresses the 'accepted' view of the subject-the purpose of war is plunder; and the danger to any nation therefore naturally increases with its wealth-with the increase of the amount of plunder which. it offers to a couqueror. 'If,' says he, 'a nation weak in armaments happens to be wealthy, it is a fair mark for more powerfully armed neighbors.' As we are a wealthy nation, and expect to be even wealthier after the European conflict is_oYer, some other nat.ion, prohably the winner of the present w.ar, 'will fasten a quarrel upon us so that it may plunder us through force, ' if we should remain unprepared to meet it in a passage at arms. �'I ~ - Preparedness means deprivation, exposure, hunger, 41sease for the patrl~t,s-proftts, comfort, joy for the capital~. with such fate, but because a nation is threatened. And · in so far as· it lies in '.>ur power we must. dO' likewise ·by any other nation. "Th~consideration of 'our d:uty to our nation' in connection with the real dangers threatening it, _must, ther.efore, lead us to· the following conclusion: What 'we are· realiy interested in defending is not threatened, a~d wh'a t is threatened ~e are not interesteq in .de, fending. The only ditl;iculty that remains is that our ruling class may pursue such a policy with respect to the matters ftaught with dangers of war, as to incidentally epdanger what we ar~· interested in defending. This d~fiiculty ·can be met by. th_e working class of this country formulating, and consistently .adhering to, a foreign policy of its own. An ou~line of such a policy will be presented in 'our· n~xt '." · Joshua Wan)lope, i~ the New York Call, tries to show the contrast ·in handling the subject of war appropriations between the United States and Germany. He makes an adiUission, however, that "perhaps they 'do not do these things better . in Germany, ' but at least they do them differently." His article .follows in part: "The Executive Committee of the Germ~~ Socialist Party has severely censured Vorwaerts for supporting the position of the twenty Sociali t Party members of the Reichstag who voted against the war credits in such positive language that vo·rwaerts declares it will creare 'embitterments and party dissensions.' That paper also protests against 'being read out of the party' and claims the Executive Committee has no right to do it; that the question at issue must be .settled by a party convention. "This, then, is bow the matter stands: The Executive Committee of the German Socialist Party, according to Vorwaerts, ·aims to read out of ·the party any member who votes against wax: credits and appropriations and any newspaper that supports them, declaring sil.ch conduct 'un-Socialistic.' "And over here the membership of the Socialist P r e ·p a r e d ~ e s s . "If the major premises of this syllogism be correct, the situation would be indeed hopeless. It is evident that nothing that the working class of this country ('Ould do, no 'policy' it could adopt, could in any way prevent our well-armed and plunder-hungry 'neighhors' from looting us. ''Fortunately, for these blessed United States of ours, and for the working class of this country, Wanhope 's pivotal assumption is utterly untrue. Modern ll'ars are not undertaken for the purpose of plundering the conquered. territories, but for the purpose of denloping them capitalistically. It is therefore not the 'wealthy '- capitalistically highly developed-countries that are the 'fair mark' of the rapacious imperialists, but the 'poor '-capitalistically ·undevelopedcountries. China is a much more desirable object of attack for the prospective imperialistic conqueror than the United States. If we. are ever attacked, it will not he due to the allurements which our wealth will offer to the greediness of some modern conquistadore, but to the uses to which we shall be putting our surpluswealth-to our own 'developing'· and 'civilizing' enterprises, which may come into conflict with the .' entt'rprising genius' and 'civilizing mission' of some good ' neighbor' of ours, far away from our own shores. • • • "Our interest in war is not limited to the desire to Jli'Pvent o1· terminate it as speedily as possible-it goes hPyoud that. We must see to it that the teT,Dporary Rt I'Uggle between two nations should not · be turned into a permanent national struggle by the conquest by one of the combatants of any territory wholly or predominantly inhabited by the 'nationals' of the other l'<>mbatants. If, therefore, 'our' nation should be threatened with conquest it is our duty to defend it. nut it is our duty as Socialists, not as national patriots. It is our duty not because our nation is threatened �T''he Weate,. 12 Party baa declared by referendtun that it will expel any Social.i8t representative member who votes for war credits and appropriations. "Where aie we at, anyhow1 Is it good Socialism to vote for war credits in Gerniany and ntterly opposed to Socialism to vote for them here, or vice versa4. "Jf it is permissible in Germany and not permissable here; if circumstances alter cases; then, -assuredly it. is a policy. If the G·erman Socialists are to be a~owed to plead necessity, then shall we be allowed to plead it, if, in the opinion of the majority, the time ever comes it has CO.tne to the mawhen it is necessary to do SO, jority of German Socialists? "Editorially, the Call suppofts .the policy, or principle- <'all it either name you will-of the party membership here. There are good and sufficient reasons for its support, regardless of the question of policy or principle. It is a position that is ·amply justified by existing conditions. But, nevertheless, upon those who insist upon its being an immutable, essential principle of Socialism rests the responsibility for any future 'embitterment and party dissension,' as Vorwarts calls it, that may arise from such insistence. The fact, too, that the 'embitterment and party dissension' in Germany thut th e Vorwaerts foresees is based on exactly the revcr·se position that we have here should determine us to go slow and carefully consider. We cannot logically commend or excuse the action of the party majority in Oct·many and at the same time logically condemn and denounce the views of such Socialists as Ghent and Rus11 and those who agree with them, unless we admit that . the whole ·controversy is over a policy and not a principl . And Jet no one suppose that those comrades nr·c too dense to perceive the contradiction and press it upon us. 'rhey will assuredly point out that 'reading out or the party' is a double-edged sword that cuts hoth wa.vs-one way in Germany and the opposite way h 'r '· And trouble li s in the fact that they cannot b r fus d; that matters are actually shaping them<')v s a they ay. Vorwaerts declare that a party on ention d aling with this ru ial qtw tion i needed in rmany and the suggestion . that it i al o ne ded here may not be a.ltog th r out of place. as It. will be very difficult, if not nn ·ble, .to old in Germany now but no u h diftieul here. • • . .. In contradiction to the German poli De says: "As a. ~alist I ean very sincerely ret tha any Socialist in Europe hould have voted on dollar .toward 'a war Jlppropriation. Of course ven at thi d~tance we: ean a.ppreQiate that the e men, our broth. ers in the warring ~ountrie ' . tood in the mid t of -tremendous pressure: But it would hav b n b tte~ they had chosen to stand like a tone wall in the midst '()f just such pres ure and told their · o trymen that not one d.o llar would they ote for wa purpose's. -To ~y mind they hould have maintain d their international standing." .With the slogan of "Refu to B Confu · d " George R. Ki,rkpatrick writ a tinging arti 1 in -th New York Call : ''As lmig as the wo~:king class can be eonfus d and tricked intti the pitiful attitude and condition of political infant and intellectual suckling, it will b flatter.ed, crushed and robbed in times ·of peace, and will be flattered, bled and robbed in times of war. In the present war, and in the 'next war,' an.d in th class war, the . only thing the capitalist class sincerely fears is a working class too cunning to fight for a civilization which the wo.r kers are shrewdly kept too ignorant and busy to . keenly, deeply and comfortably enjoy-a working class too cu~ning to bleed its If into pale-faced stupidity, licking the boot that kicks it, while it yawps patriotism and wallows in its own ignorance and poverty, from which ignoran e and poverty the working class can never escape while th mling class is 'preplfred.' • • • "Look at Europe and learn what 'prepar dness ' prepares for. J...ook at Colorado and Calumet and West Virginia and learn what 'preparedness' pr par ll for. Look, _also, with very special care, at the unholy brutality and cunning of the assassins of the sa r d rights of freedom discussion, and you will surely realize that the 'preparedn ' of militarism leads straight. on to the lynching of 'liberty. " rr �13 P reparedness at REPAREDNESS at By R. K. WILL I AM S used for the cobbling of the irrigatLlano is taking on a . ing ditches. Water from the Big substantial form. The recent hea~ _fall IWck is allow~d to run over the land at the present of snow wet the ground to a considerable time in 9z'der ·to store moisture in the soil. depth, thus helping t o prepare the land , - ·on January )0 and 11, the University of· Califorfor spring planting. Nature herself is. nia .. held an: ·mstitute !lt Llano. Three. well-known conspiring to prepare proper conditions speakers· from :the .cq~lege extensu~n course delivered ~:=;;;;;;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil here for ideal living. Practically since the l~ctures to a big and · interested audienc~for nearly first of the year, in common with other portions of all of· th~ ·ltudience were farmers or ne·ar farmers. l 'alifornia, Llano has been subjected to a variety of in the aft rn06n of the tenth, Dr. Bryant spo~ we at her. Beginning on New Year ~s Day more than on the raising of hogs. . Hle covered the ground thortl'l1 inches o snow fell and filled the mighty gashes oughly and gave .some very valuable suggestions. · As in the untains many feet deep. Following the soon as pr.actlcable, . they will be put into effect. ;He snow a e a three days'' rain, thoroughly soaking the ju~ged ,sev.eral of t he. stock and reported favorably !!ro nd to a depth of several feet. · At the tail end on the breed 11-nd their condition. or the rain snow again came and the foothills were Following Dr. Bryant, Dr. Cady spoke at consid<·ovrred with flakes, which was r efreshing and en- erable length· on ~o·g cholera, its origin, symptoms and ·. couraging to the colonists t reatment. The doctor delocated in the plain be1ow. scribed the . system of immuThe tent city sturdily · nization and told how virus stood the heavy snow and was produced that would in a rninfall and not a great deal large measure prevent hog of inconvenience was occholera. Dr. .Cady said that . casioned. There was some hogs suffering from this wl't t ing of bedding and the d,read scourge inust be aeglike, but on the whole · the regated, as the excreta from trnts and adobes stood the the diseased animal carried unusual soaking, very well, the infectio~. · indeed. In the evening Dr. BryTwo or three of the unant again spoke on the -relafinished adobes, that were tion of the university . to the wholly exposed to the incespeople and described at insant snow and the following teresting length the methods dr ~ n c hing rain, melted down employed in its agricultural in part. On account of the experiment stations. His uncertainty of the weather, talk brought the people probably these will not be closer to this great, helpful rt'PC'ted. The laundry building, quite a commodious · organization. Dr. Bryant left the next day for the structure, was partly wrecked, but no damage done north. t<t the machinery or the boiler that was already inOn January 11, Prof. Thomas Forsythe Hunt, dean stalled. The building was ready for the roof, and of the College of .Agriculture at Berkeley, came and hall the roofing arrived ten hours sooner the l()Ss after going over the ranch gave a most ins~ructive of the walls would have been avoided. Immediately and interesting lecture on horticulture and its allied Wot·k will begin on fixing up the place and shortly parts. th,, laundry will be in actual operation. Mr. Hunt was much impressed, indeed, with the Pruning in the orchards has been completed. The growth of Llano and assured the colonists that the tri'<'S now present a shapely look and will bear accordhelp of the university was always available. He said in!! to orders, so to spe~k. Stones in the Bixby orch- that under the conditions ruling_here, he did 'not feel ard have been raked up in piles and are being hauled that there could he much more done than there had, to 'he various low places in the fields, in the roads and and t hat the method used was practically in accordalt ·ng the ditches, where many of them have been anee with the best judgment r eceived from experi- r------- --------;._,-----, �i4 T k e · W e tt t e r·n eom r a d e Crew Making Adobe Brick at Llano de1 Rio · Comm\niity mentation at the y;uious stations throughout the State. Assuring us of a desire for further intimacy with us and our project, he departed the n ext day fot· the north. The colony has been mu ch enriched by the presence of these practical men, who .arc in constant close touch with the various experiments going on throughout the western part of the United States. 'l'hc Llanoites appreciated the effot·ts made in coming here: H. L. Dawson of the horticultural department was instrumental in bringing the institute to fruition. A more diversified and largct· institute is promised for next year. \V. E. Foot·c, who <·ame more than 600 miles to demonstrate his ability as a tanner of hides, by using his own pt·orcss, has more than made good. ffjs work is little less than wondet·ful. The manner in which it was done, the shortness of tim e r equired and the quality of leath er turned out cannot be excelled. The results of his work arc on exhibition and afford a most pleU4ing sight. Rabbit hides were tanned to the softness, almost, of a handkerrhief; calf, cow, bull -and horse hides also were tanned. It now remains to de'\\'elop an industt·y worthy of attention in this d epartment. Comrade Wright of Fresno arrived in the colony and following him come his looms. Wright is a carpet t·n g weaver. He mal>es rugs of all descriptions and soon the clirk of his loom will he heard in th e colony. Work on the ranch has been somewhat retarded., owing to the inclemency of the weather.. However, when weathrr ronditions permitted. t la• thirty horse- power caterpillar was put to workhauling three Fresno scrapers of unusual size, leYeling land. Its work was most efficient and did a fine job on the Hubbard place. lt takes four ~ to !tandle the caterpi11ar and attendant scrapers which are attached. The wor.k done is highly efficient and docs a,\·ay with a great deal of horse power, and the use ·of a whip is not n ecessary. F eed the thing plenty of distillate and it. is an everr eady slave. In addition to the farming r equirements the caterpillar is being used to haul freight from Palmdale. It easily hauls fifteen tops, loaded on trailers. The roads between here and Palmdale are well packed, exl'rpt in the wash of the Big Rock, and good time can be made. 'l'he Hart-Parr tractor has been brought in from <·learing operations and is b eing carefully overhauled. It soon will be put to other work in the fields and in its stead a donkey engine will be placed. New arrivals at the rabbitry keep the census taker husy with prncil and tablet: Quite a number of tanned . hid es r epose in th e rabbit playroom, and many uses c·an be found for· these. Muffs, coats, gloves · and finishin gs for ladies' cloth es can be made from these hides. About eighty-fin.• cows are being milked daily . . The young stock and dry cows are now on the Hubbard place, grazing. Th e milk has fallen off som·e what nnd the butter has declined about fifty pounds p rr week The ct:eamery is making 360 pounds of butter weekly. ~ Visitors anrl r egular paid-up memhcrs continue to �The Western Comrade arrive so that the hotel and housing conditions generally are constantly overtaxed. Great efforts are being made to arrange tent home for incoming regular members. Transportation has held this phase back somewhat. Since the last appearance of this· magazine over~ 275 visitors registered at the hotel. The dining-room seats between 130 and 150 r egular diners, now. As fast as possible, families are being "Shifted to their own places f.rom the hotel, thus relieving to a large l'Xtent the onus of food preparation in the kitchen. The sanitary condition of the colony i-s good. The sanitary department is work.ing out some excellent iticas that in a large measure obviates the n ecessity of piping the place for water. Drops arc being 'made in th e dornest i<' ditches so that l'oxcs to stor·e the water a re not nPerssary. The running watl'r falling into a drop is ahntys fresh. Toilets of an improYed. nature, and sanitary in every featurr, are rapitlly being insta lied. "\ rr cw girl arrind at the Ghrrling home on tlamia ry 8 and made happy t he hearts of father and mother. Dr. DN!Urr, with nurses. officiatrtl at th e momentous event. \\'ork rapidly is progressing at the lime kiln . The kiln is to he up to date and built most soli.dly. A rahle stretcherl across the canyon carries the basket to th e top of th e kiln and an automatic lock dumps the contrnts straight into the fiery pit beneath. A mountain of CJuicklime rock and hydraulic lime is close · by. Enough lime is in sight to last fifty years. In fact, this eolony dould blast an.d dig for ages at the lime 15 formation without sounding its depths or exhaustin~ its supply. Quite a camp is to b~J established at Bobs Gap, where the kiln is located, and a regular force men will be kept there. A wee~Jy newspaper has been started in Llano. It is_xead from the platfor.m on Sunday nights : and affords instruction, :ente~tainment and amusement to the colonists. A big a]ldience always assembles for its reading: This . metqod ·of purveying the news will be . contmued until' the presses and printing paraphernalia, now ip Los Angeles, ani b~ought here and power is furnished. A bi~:t.· iield is presented at Llano and ('Ontributions arc r eqt\ested from everyone and considered before heing r ead. The · starters of the enterprise are proud o.f their ·efforts, and co~fidently predict the growth of the Llano Weekly until it reaches all the installment members of the colony and receives a circu·lation among radicals th~oughout the State. To A. A. Stewart belon.g s the honor, .or dishonor·, as the· case may .hr, of artually starting tht> JH'\YSpaper·. ·with him as eolahorcrs are J . J . J;esl'ic antl Robert K. Williams. '!'h e present staff ~,· ill he greatly augmented in the nrar future, and ·esprc ially when 'the printing outfit arri,·rs. · Artist Kempf is doing Trojan service for the. paper and has hopes," indeed, for its future. D<'spite ad \'Crse criti cism, most of which has been hasrd upon misinformation aml a la <·k of underst1;Lnding of the things we are tr·ying to do here, the .colon-· ists are going on serenely with t.hei1· work. There is little n ervousness over the outcome of the co-opernti,·c proposition. Parctical farmers-men who ·h ave of (Continued on Page 26) Men In Foreground "Turnt!lg" Brick In Sun Drying Process. · �~ ...... . . . . . . . PREPA1 �\ , I ESS Dt:lltD11 for Th.e Wutem Comr44# b)' M . A. IS.Impf �1S The Western Comrade ethod vs tbe Old. Formerly four horses and one man were nsed tn · ievellng and acraplng tbe lnnd at Llano. Today four men with three unusually large scrapen attached to a caterpillar, .erape and lt>\' el the land with Incredible peed. In lead of the wblp Is used a throttle. Tbls tractor is capable of haulIn!! tiht>en tons of freight loaded on trailers. It is also a true co-ouerator, In that It doe. not eat eseept when •orldng. The aho~e eenes 1rere taken within a stones throw of be community's new toWlJSlle. �Architects' Drawing of Proposed School to Be Erected on. New Townsite at Llano. Th eory an d s0 benefit. lie may find himself hopelessly out ·of place were he to .a~­ tt>mpt it. As the painter of flowers may fail to portray faces with accuracy, so the teacher of Socialism. often fails in his attempt to co-operate. · Again let me t>mphasize that theorcti<"al kno\ylcdge is sometimes difficultly applied to actual practice. On the other hand, we find the man who knows hut little of the theory of scjentific Socialism who t·aJ·cs not about the forces that move the scroll of his1ory, and he also has the vision, he only sees it in a uifft'rcnt way. Our theorist sees a commonwealth brought ahout hy eronomic forces necessitating the downfall of capitalism and the triumph of the revolutionary prolPtariat O\'er the capitalist state in a final all-powerful industrial awakening of the wage-worker. It is his vision, his flower picture. It is artistic, it contains much truth. Uultimately he may be right; Socialism may come that way, but it is not in sight. The prohlcm of life begins with breakfast and ends with death. Our theorists oftentimes secretly or openly rejoice at the poverty rampant in the world, for is that not a sure sign of the coming day of the god economic coercion 1 I have no quarrel with him on account of his views. It is his picture of life. But I wish to · consider other comrades, surh as we ha"Ve at Llano, many of whom know nothing about the scientific con(·ept of society in a i>cientific way. No more so than the flower painter adequately understands the por- By JOHN DEQUER to copy fruits and flowers is snrt'ly of a different degree from that rcquirru for human portraiture. The ;irtist is no less an artist if he excells in one ot· the othP.r. It is simply a question of which subject his mind and hand lcud thcmsc!Ycs with greater facility. It is e\·idcnt that the painter of fruits must be familiar with thr shades and colors and conditions of his subjects, as mneh so as the artist of portraits must know l10w to trans<"rihe human emotion into light and shade. What is t rur of the artist is tme of mankiud in genrral, c·spec·ially when we consider them as organized for the. furthrrance of their ideals. Jn this asprct humanity teaches us new and wonderful lessons. It hreomrs. f'lcarly apparrnt that intellectual conviction and the understanding of economic theories learned from hooks, does not make a man an adaptable ut\_it in a collective effort. No more so than the acquisition of artists' technique makes one an artist. A person may paint fruit so that birds may want to cat it hnt that clocs not prove him a master. It ()nly shows that birds are not good judges of art. Nor docs the ability to pass an examination in Marx's economics mean that that person will co-operate or can <·o-operate with his fellows in the , solution of present•lay problems in a present-day world under presentday laws with present-day tools used for collective . c i a 1 1• s m �trayal of human emotion. . To those who have a vision way, ·b ut not a ne-W social order. W·e have enough of and see it and labor to make it real, they see the vast vicious and hungry faces now·; enough spiritual dross, reaches of the drab grey desert stretched l>ufore their stupidity and intellectual degeneracy in the· human eyes ; they see the silver threads of streamlets gushing world in which we move; more than enough insipidity from the .d istant mountain sides and they know fro~ froltllack of soul culture in both men ~d women upon past experience that by uniting their forces they cq.n whom sloth and i~orance, twin da~ghters of that old turn the drab grey of the desert into wide reaches of hag poverty, :have· laid their heavy hands. ''We must not ·c_ontinue to breed them. We must emerald fields. With the eye of their Socialist faith they see the rear says t.he co-operator. Give our ' a ..noble. rae·e," . . . future grain ripen to a golden glory and meadow children an education and environment that shall dotted with perfumed hay. They know by their col- recognize the subduing power of love, the tenderness lective labor they can cause their p·o verty .to grow less of sympathy, .tb'e fullness of joy, the wideness of hope, and their wealth to increase. They hear _ihe music of the strength of self-reliance, the heroism of devotion·, ~ the bees amongst the clover. Tliey see the lambkins the power of the intellect: t.h e lessons of self-restraint · play in distant meadows, fruit trees laden with blos- with poise that comes from a constant purpose in life soms; the promise of a harvest to be. They see them- and we shall behold a generation dedicated and devoted . to the social ideal. Not sci vcs build houses and tenant them; their chil"after thrones have crumbled and kings are dren happy, free, educated along, broad and dust,'' but now. justice the portion of their liberal lines. children and mine. Their vision is not in Children fed, · clothed, distant times to come, sheltered and taught but now ; not for their under social action and grandchildren, but for social discipline and their own-the children the discipline demothat are, as well as those that are to be. They .cratically controlled. take their comrades by Not all artists are the hand and say: geniuses, so not all co''Com , let us pluck operators are perfect. down 'the vision h\lng To· succeed we must in air,' and cause it to have plan and purpose dwell amongst us a to our system and a true co-operator recognizes glorious reality. Today, Some of the Calves at Feeding Time as far as in us lies, let these facts. There is no place for violent or mad us enjoy the vision concretely ourselves." Are they less seers of the final men in co-operation. Their logical place is in the intruth than the others? No, they co-operate now for dividualistic world. present material well being and let others speculate As mankind look upon sculptor for form alone, while they do it. They may repudiate the materialism so many of my comrades look upon Socialism for of the economist, but they apply themselves materially. speech alone. They form a kind of a mutual criticism TAe economically sound comrade will deride them association which has . a tendency to become narrow, as idealistic dreamers, but he only applies himself ideal- bigoted, parading forms of broadmindedness but lack¥tically. We should not smile, life is full of such cor:- ing the substance. \Ve have in our locals too often ttadictions. In the case of the true co-operator h1s become economic puritans. We have given a sectarmetaphysics is a delusion. With a socalled scientific ian character to our propaganda that reminds one of Socialist his materialism is a sham and no sincere mind our puritan forefathers who whitewashed everything finds pleasure in shams. Herein lies the weakness of about their churches until it seemed that whitewash was an article of their faith. our social propaganda. Oftentimes our scitntificos, our industrial comrades, The austere sameness got on the nerves of the would say, "But you have to starve them to it; hunger younger generations and they r eacted against puritanwill drive them- hit them in the tummy." But these ism in religio~ Today we have the same spirit deare destructive ideas. You can form a mob in that veloping in the Socialist Movement. I meet many good �The Western Comrade 21 Herd of Holsteins and Jerseys on Way to Dairy Barn to Be M;!lked. ~----------------------------------------~------------------~ ~·omrades who are irreligious puritanical. Mankind in tors, but they who' come to realize the ideal as they 111ass cares but little for abstract doctrines. They do see it and are. willing not only to talk but to work not delight in over-doses of intellectualism. They for its realization in bringing the vision down to ·earth, would rather hoe a desert into bloom. That is why I come because realizatioll' is not lost but is enlivened find it easier to get a thousand dollars from a comrade, and beautified in the material creation. Each achievement ·m· O\lr co-operative community who has it, for practical purposes, than twenty-five •·t>nts as dues for a debating society, oftentimes mis- is an ideal realized in part or in full as the achie:ve•·allcd a local. He would rather help build an indus- ment is perfect or imperfect. . Of course there are . a trial enterprise than to intellectually understand why few human imperfections. That is natural. Even the work e; does not pay taxes or whether he is robbed Raphael's gre.at masterpiece, ''The Transfiguration,'' is marred in its matchless beauty by the introduction as a pt·oducer or a consumer. To build his own house or till his own field and tend of a monk, but at Llano, as in the picture, the eye his own flock with his comrades-that to him is reli- quickly leaves the discordant features for the lovelier vision. We forget the flaws• in detail as we behold ~-:ion, worship and love. If the actual sight of co-operation does not inspire you with zest for its extension, the masterpiece of mountains, plains and sky-the do not join it; it is not for you. For Llano is located work of that artist, Nature. We overlook human bickerings as we ·stand enin the desert and to him . who can see her possibilities shP holds out great rewards, but it is knowledge of raptured before human .achievement. The desert, the agriculture and business that gives one the grasp of terror of the individual, becomes the co-operators'' th (· possibilities. Her strength is hidden in the unde- prom'i sed land. But there is no use for me to try to describe it; all I can do is to ,... Joped character of her reparaphrase a famous writer. 1 sources. Her faults are apWere· I to paint a picture of parent to all. That in itself Llano's possibilities I should is !,',blessing, for it causes a require the grace of a Raman\ with a weak heart for phael, the color of a Titian the battle to retire and enand the variety of a Turner. lists chiefly the willing, I w<>uld need an audience . the understanding and the of true co-operators, then I strong. might · harmopize them ail They who do not come for into a vision of a movement the Four Dollar wages alone; that presages the coming of 1' 1lr the eight-hour day, nor Construction Work on Laundry a better age. t 1.e freedom from bill collec- �The We 8 t e fon Go m ra de H u m p e t .y D u m p e t y UMPETY Old Humpety Dumpety demands By ERNEST WOOSTER DUMPETY some r'e turn. D ONE into >Agtlme verse by 8 (He's as suave and . as crafty as ever Sat ·on the wall, scab member of the Irra- · T h i s Humpety tional Union of "near potes.'' · • you 'II meetAll rules of the union regarding. H · t 1· · II b h Dumpety fat, meter, rhyme, etc., disregarded. .:u.mpe Y IVes on a wa , ut t at Guileless an d -... wall is \\' all Stre.e t.) 13mirking he sat'' :Oly land, boys, you 'r.e low; I should think you lie hlinhd bo.th 11is eyes in the would · kno~ j , greatest surpris~ It is time you· produce<;~-I have paid you the dough .. The first time he heard of the Jlalf BiHiou prize; Though I don't mind expense you have sure got to earn. TIH·u took on a patt·iot 's look as disguise • ow frame a .good lie As he wak<~cl the whole , country with clarion call. Of a cursed forei'gn spy''It's time we prepared for the nation 's defense ; Make it cleve~ · and sly, ()ur position weh a number of dangers presents; . But be ·sure it gets by." f,ook at Europe aud Jearn, One editor worried an~ puzzled and frowned, You 'II a lesson disccmThen reported the .Japanese hanging around. Vou sec Uuclc Sam has just put some deep dents · But this was old stuff-his readlit the world's foreign tradeers, he found, My ];ord what a raid! Wouldn 't look, wouldn.'t read, On their business we made, and wouldn''t believe But I 'rn sorely afraid That we 've gone just a little, just a wee bit too far; And showed they saw through the I,ct 's prepare for defense-but of course not for war. intent to deceive. "But ha! " quoth the scribe,. " I '11 Thus Humpcty Durnpcty patriot true show how the Jap Said "Com<', rally hoys to tl)e r·ed, white and blue. An at'lny nnct uavy far greater we need, l'HEI' AJmDNESR' now let that he our ere<' d." ( An<l y'ou ncvrr would guess 'twas inordinate greed Great sums he'll demandHut just list<'n elose nnd you 'II pick up a clue.) Oh, yes; it's all planned.'' And the editor spread on . full many a page Then Ilumpcty Dumpcty smolc his fat face'!'he lie with intent to create such a rage This llumpety Dumpety didThat the whole West would say : As off from the wal l he slid. "Let us arm right away"l£<' <·ailed to his <·rt•w. to his t1·ictl men and true, Thus did the editor earn his fair wage. And whispPt'l'd his onirrs- th<'y knew what to doPor h(\ 'd had tlwm in tr·a ining for quite a long But 1-Iump<'ty Dumpety eried for some more. whilP: ' 1 Where 's the paper I leased "Army ];<'ague! Nnvy T;rague; On, 1lllY men, onwa1·d! ~ Back here in the East? Now lookee here, · Bob,. get this thru your knob : "ITrre·'s a fat priz<' jnst ripe to be You have got to produce or you lose your fat job. sqnandet·ed. That .Jap Story won't do--it is too far '\Hypnotizr our· prt?arhing men, away, "Compromise each author's pen, But you've got to come through-Mexico, "Subsidize the pap<'rs then did you say Y ITa\'<' rt>pntations lnnndrred." You've used that old bluff Till you've worn it threadbare Nobly thry did their work, and wellAnd the South needs that stuff Money they spent and the editors fellSo just leave it right there. Then IIumpety tolled the Liberty BellBut I 'w told i'ou enoughAnd it told the land RS 'twas tolled to tell: Now invent a good S<'are." 'I Prepare for war! Prepare quick and well!'' �... '.f k,~ t lJ:' !3 B t e r,n •Co ~ r a _f!, e_ ·~ -, , -~~ -~ Y ~~~~- ~>" . The editor pond~red, chagrined and perplexed. "Will Canada do Y" he h~zarded n.ext. But"Hu.mpety-snorted con.t empt ~~~~~-==:::!.for his pains And mumbled something about "sawdust for brains." _ . Old Humpety Dumpety croaked from the ;all: ":\lust you always be sho-\vn 1 · Js your head just pure bone1 l\ ow I've been well impressed with that story out West. You must do just as well, so now do your best.'' And the editor squirmed and gave heed to the eall. " A fiction I 'Il tell now, while Europe's embroiled, or how it was planned we'd b~ easily despoiled." :-;o he told in dispatches or another fell plot, And it really outmatches 1l'hc .Tap yarn a whole lot. . ::>o he told (for the gold) of Europe's ·' plot holdA preposterous lie, but a story that sold. 'J'hr ronsummate liar ~Pnt his StOry by wire How the Powers conspire To rh isel and ca1·ve our weak nation to bits ; u D O· n t 0 Lincoln Steffense that the Golden Rule is T ELL dead-Sympathy, helpfulness, patience, hope, the Golden Hule-the formula for brotherhood-are dead; as many years ago befell the gre11t god Pan-the Lord of TJifc-before that man, conscious of his reason and his will, took hold and meed. If brotherhood is dead,· how shall we guide our li1·es? By greed and violence alone? Or did he mean to. eonfine the . hope of the ages to the few-his little cin·le of the elect-who should take refuge from the t'l'il of he day in a strong unity and purpose to stand together for a higher plane of living. · For the few-how familiar the situation. How ine,·itable for every active group to stand for itself al!ain t all comer . Whether it be a group bound by . ome creed, or by some bond of common occupation, tl11· refrain i always the same. ','Damn the sinner; damn the public· damn the capitalist." The Frenchman with his gift of words expressed it many years ago in a brief sentence: "To und.er- Calculated, it was, to scare . us to fits. The lie was the same, he had just changed the name. 'Twas a gory old story he managed to frame. Th~gh the inventor. obscure is unknown to fame, Old Rumpety paid well . wheq h!'l -put in. a claim. Now Old llumpe~y Du~,Pety can drop hi fat grin. He has won ·his desires. He has started ·t he. fires: .. lie has op.e ned th~ qoor. to thi new· god of war. • oon thirsting and bur ting we '11 be tp shed gore, And we're puffed up with pride fill W() 're sure we:c-an ·w in. ~ Prince Profit"~· the king.:..... H e rules the .whole ' thing, ,.., And a war he ~ill - bring ~ Ju t so long· as ~e cling To the imbecile not.idn; as they do 'cross the ocean, That preparing for war means insuring .for peace.· (You'd expect you'd find better -sense among geese.) Though Europe prepared and got into a· fuss 'J.'hey say it Will WOrk just- the Opposite With US. .. Old Humpety has told us-be kDows what is good, . Ro we'll vote the Half Bil1ion as good·children should. 0 .t h e . .r s stand everythirig is to forgive everything." The count-. less theories and exclusive orgimtzations which have divided and still divide men are all various forms o.t. misunderstanding. The sectarian is trained to believe that the man who does not accept his · teaching is wicked. The environment of the aristocrat reeks with the idea that the "proletariat" is a misguided and ignorant mass which must be controlled for its own good, and is just as honestly convinced in this jJidgment as our comrade who brushes aside the capitalist as heartle s, soulless, blind destroyer of his brethren. Until every human being recognizes the brother in every other human being, whether degraded and blinded by money, or by ignorance; by too much indulgence, or hy too little opportunity, no abiding cons~ructive work can be done. Hate is a poison which destroys all life. Nothing permanent can be established until it is eliminated. All forms of hate are forms of blindness. When you let in the light-when you es~blish the Golden Rule-you esta~lish the joy of life.- A Constant Associate. • ~ �The Western Comrade s a r,!!;;!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~ HEN f e t N y :ay e Mrs. Hampson kinson 's red cherry table. "Mrs. CLARA R. CUSHMAN Judge·.Parker has the floor!" Elder, the · Presidentress·of the Millville Ladies Amerman "Ladies," l. says, "we must. not:· only change the society, but we must drop the study of Literar-y Society, says: "Is there any name of new business to come ' before our society. A.merican'· litereh9or--'' Up popped Fannie -Martin. today 1;, I got up. . · , tb_e pert ~.hlng-; ·before I c.ould finisli. '; :'IT rs. President;" I says, and Ladies, · · "That's just ~hat l been' telling ,YOU. :My si~ter in " I want to rnal<e a motion"to change the ·LQs Angeles says that name sounds awfully countrified. ua me of our society." · She ~uiys literary ·societies are back numbers, especially E\'l'ryborly gaspeu. ifyou d:Ori't s~dy a~;ything but American litertoor.' J! . .\Irs. llcHlgl<inson says: "T think it 's a beautiful we want to do the really swell thing we ought to studY .the problE;ms .o f ou~ community.'' . ll<IIIH'. · · "Wbat ·problems ?" says the widow Steele. "We " It 's so gpntf·el. '" -:'11 rs. Dr·. Bromley murmured. " · ~too long. Always thought so," says the_Widow ain.'t .got. no· problems.''· Stt!t-it'. ":VVhy," Fannie says, "like-like-- - " She ·s a good-hc·arted woman, but such a cross You should have··seen those women fall over themto om· sot·iPt,v. Sht•'s so unlitera ry. On ." Favorite selves to help Fapnie out. . Just because her husband owns the Beet Growers ' .\uthor ' ' day sl1 e rrad ,\Irs. ]{orPr ·s r ec ipe on Bank! "'How to· make our how to make minre meat, husbands go to church," and at onr· last mPcting sa-y:s Mrs. Dinwiddie, shr brought a sat·k of By A. F. GANNO.N whose husband raises eelstring heans and strung P rofits for plethoric knaves; ery. them all the time 1\T rs. Rifles for revolting slaves; i\ ttorney Peterson was ''And quit 'using toE ase for apopletic plutes; bacco--" reading her paper on "Is Pittance for their sweaty brutes. A rnerican Litera tme Dee''A!!d . throwiri' horseArms to qu ell them if they rise ; ad• cing ?" shoes on the Lord's day." Rot to promise (in the skies); · And Mrs. Attorney ''I'm against •it, '' Mrs. E gress to a toilless sphere Death will grant- if they''re "good" here! Drnggist Pet·l<ins says. Peterson, who is very inNoxious nonsense·Y Jot and titRhe is always against tellectual, says: ""While E very single bit of it! • pver·ything I say, just beit is indeed deplorable to Sophists spout the stinking mess; r·a use we don 't ag1·ee on i:i see our husbands so lax in S uch is real "preparedness. " those qualities of-of-so pl'edestination. A narrowminded woman , I eall her, lax, we have even deep er to believe ever·ybody that problems than those to dorsn 't belong to her church is going to hell! Now I gr·apple. Have you forgotten the wave of crime that think you 'rc on the safe side no matter what church · recently swept our fair city Y" ''Shucks!' ' says the widow. Steele. you belong to, unless, of course, it's the Catholic Shucks nothing!'' snapped Martha Simpson. o~ Unitarian. "Mrs. President," I says, "have I got :th~ flo~~:·· "Didn't I have two custard pies took right out of the pantry window where I set them to cool T" or have I not Y" ''And a ham out of my smokehouse,'' says Mrs. Mrs. Eldet· (I forgot to mention that her husband; · r·uns the Palace Hotel) rapped for order wit'Q the Hodgkinson. sawed-off croquet mallet that the Ladies' Home Jour-~ "And a bucket of milk off my back .poreh,!' _says nal sent her a prize of a dollar for, when she wrote l\Irs. Dr. Bromley. about using the mallet for a gavel, and Mr. Bok sent "Not to mention," says Mrs. At. Peters.on, "the. her a letter congratulating her. He said it proved . pair- a piece of my husband's most intimate wearing that lack of money made geniuses. : apparel from my clothes line evidently with criminal "Order , ladies; " she says, rapping on the photo- intent. And the criminal still at large preying upon graph album so''s she wouldn't scratch Mrs. Hidg- society! '' our Preparedness �T k e W e s t ·e r n C o m r a, d e "We need 's tricter laws," ·says :\Irs. Constable McCoy. Mrs. Mayberry _C rump began to ![et -excited. Her husband ran for t·onstable against. M:ilt. McCoy, ll'ho beat him on account of being a Progressive. · '' It's Johnsop's crw:y r eform Ia ws that's ruining t he country, " :\Irs. -Crump says. "My htisband says so. Why I .just .r ead in the paper about a man being arrested fo r selling watered stock1 I call that cruelty to animals, to make the poor t hings go without water just because it makes t hem weigh a little heavier." ·'Cruelty or not,'' says Mrs. McCoy, "we got to uphold the majPsty of the law.'' ' .. :\Irs. President," I says," I been "'aitin'' a long time. Have I the tloor or have I not 1'' }J rs. Elder rapped with the mallet. "Order, ladies! Mrs. Judge Parker has the floor." ·' What I want to say is, that it ain't because it's stylish that I'm making this motion. If I'm a back number for studying American literchoor instead of dangerous, immoral, foreign stuff, all right, I 'm willing to be a back number. Th e Stars and Stripes are good ~no ugh for me!'' Here I got the Chataqua salute, like we'd read about, from n early all the ladies. " No, it ain't beeause I want to · h<' stylish that I make this motion, hut it's on account of my immortal soul and Safety Next, which you know is my motto. (Applause.) " Ladies, that noble champion of purity, Mr. Anthony Comstock, is goue. Vice may now rampant fr·rply t hrough t he pages of Americ-an Iit.erchoor, just like it rampants nrross the great Atl11-ntic in those wi(·ked foreign countries. How thr u ladies, how can we protect om·s~lves from tlie icy hand of vice whirlr will now sieze in its burning grip onr literchoor f (Applause.) \ " IJadies. there is just one way. Just one." . " What 1 '\Vhat ?" they all a ked at once. · · IJadies, " I says, "we must drop th" study o.f Jiterchoor, until the Lord in his infinite mer cy sends us another Comstock. " · '' lt 's the only ladylike t hing to do. " murmured Mr s. Dr. Bromley. ' Ladies. " I went on, "when we 25 recollect that sinful books crept into our community unbeknownst to us, even while Mr. Comstock was .w.orking night and day to keep our nation pure, what will it be ia the only Magazine no:w that he is gone f And our art ! c;f ita kind All our art will now be without-" " Don't!" llftYS Mrs. Dr. Brom- .. ley, faintly. She can 't stand any- · This is why:.:_ ·thing indelicate. .· :. . Three years ago Pearson's decided to " No, I won't," .! says. "But, l · :···be. ~ (reemagasine.· . make a motion tha~ we "drop the' · · · study of literchoor and study some-· This iS what it' did:thing that isn''t so dang.erous." . ·ABANDONED FANCY'COVERS The motion carried una:riimo~Jsly' CUT OUT COLORED PICfURES because for once Fannie. and .I ' ADOPTED PLAI PAPER agreed, Fannie because she· wanted · Thi.s -w.as the purpose:. ~to be stylish and myself · because I - am a captainess in the Army of'. 'A plain form would enable the magthe Lord. · azine to live on its income from subscripti~?ns and· monthly ·sales. It •" But I 'd like to as}!/'· F.a nny says, '' what sinful books Mrs. would hot have to consider the effect Judge Parker is talking about? I on advertisers whenitwantedtoprint don t know of any sinful books · the·truth about any public question. creeping in." :rhis wa~ the result:'' Then I 'll tell you, ' ' I · says; Pearson's now prints the truth about ''that poetry book you recom- · some question wp.ich affects your weimended as being so stylish.'' · fare in e~ery issue. It prints [acts "Oh," Fannie says, tossing bet· which . no magazine that dehead, "you mean 'Leaves of Grass! pends· on advertising . could I don 't care. My sister says lots of nice ladies read it." But she got '-'. alford • • to print. ' red as a beet just the same. She And, with all this, Pearson'ss till pri.Dts remembered how Mrs. Dr. Bromley as much fiction and entertainment read one line and screamed. artiCles· as other magazines. If you "G rass .ain't got no leaves anywant plain facts i~st~d of pretty way," says the widow Steele. pictures buy a copy on ·the news "Shucks!" · .''And you haven 't forgotten'' The · stand· for 15 cents, or subscribe by the year for $1.50. Jungle,' '' I says in a whisper, They By special arrangement wi~h Pearall looked like they wanted to crawl son's 'i'e are able to make you the under their chairs. The way it was, following clubbing offer, Tommy Elder's school teacher told Mrs. Elder that "The Jungle You can get both PEAR Book '' would be a · nice book for SON' S MAGAZIN E and Tommy's Christmas present, but THE W ESTERN COl¥!· RADE for one year by she got mix!ld up and got another send i ng $1.00 to book (!alled · "Tl1e Jungle" and· hun g ·it on t he Methodist Christmas The Western Comrade tree for . Tommy. She started to 526 CALI F.ORNIA B L DG. read it to him and had a nervous L OS ANGELES, CAL I F. chill. But the devil was lurking in t hat hook, she just couldn't stop · r adiug t ill she'd finished. Then she gav it to Mrs. Hodgkinson and she gave it to Mrs, Peterson, and so op till every lady in town ha9, read it, except Mrs. Hawkins, the wife made .into switches for of the Methodist minister-even one dollar, postpaid." Mrs. Dr . Bromley, sensitive as she is. And \Ve all promised we'd never Wo~k guaranteed. • tell anybody, and I gue s that will MRS. E. TURNWALL be hel'd again t us on the great Llano , C al. Judgement day. -:. Mrs. Attorney .Peterson got up·. PEARSON~S your Combings . I �T h e - W~ster .n Comrade 26 Our Greatest Offer! Here Is a combin ation ·offer of The American Socialist; omclal or gan of the National Socialist Party, t he famous "1914 National · Campa ign Book:' and The Western Comrade that not one reader of The Western Comrad e can afford to let slip by. The American Socia list fo r one yea r Is ...... . .. $ .50 The 1914 Campai g n Book . .b9 The W estern Co m rade for one year is . . . . . . . .50 T otal ..... . ~ ... ... .... $1.50 W e will make you a combinat ion of t he a bove for just $1.00 Take advantage of this offer now! Address : Circulation Manager T H E W ES T ERN COMR ADE 526 California Bldg. Los Ange les. Cal. "The Great Wor king <;lass D ally" T HE MILWAUKEE LEADER " Unawed by lnnuence a nd Unbribed by Gain " Editor- VIctor L . Berger. Assistant• - Jamas Howe. A. M. SimOPS, Osm ore Smith, Thomas S. Andre w ~ . ThP Leader Is publis h ed In Amer!ca ' s stron~·h ohl of Socialism. It Is the g reatest English Socialist Dally In the It is a Mode rn Metropolitan Dally. containing the la test ne ws. """'Ill. Among 1\s distinctive featurPs are : SOCIALIST NEWS PAGE, LA BOR NEWS PAGiE, SPORTING PA GE, MAGAZINE SECTION, WOMAN ' S PAGE, EDITORIAL PAGE. 1'he prlcP of The L eade r Is 25c per !TIOnth: $3.00 p~:r year. Combination offer with The WESTERN COMRADE Both fur· one year for $2.25. Add ress: C ircula tion Department 526 Califo r n ia Bldg. Loa Angeles, Calif. "Madame President, " -she says l ' I was getting breakfast and the it's more culture to say '' madam.e ," smell of the fried potatoes made but I won't say it becnuse it's me· kind of sick, and J;;ucy bad bold what those wicked Frenchmen say of iny apron pulling it, and little -"Madame President, I make a Andrew kept calling 'Ma! Ma !' motion that we call our society the And just then my husband says: ' Millville Ladies'' Improvement So- 'Mary; can't you keep .t hose chilciety,' tlrat being inclusiye enough dren quiet 1 I am trying to comto embrace whatever the· nam'e in- mune with God.' Well the Evil eludes. " . ' . Spirit seemed to walk right into my ."What 's t~at 'you sa,y"?'.' _asked . heart and put words of evil into my the widow. "- ·' .. mouth, and ·I said, "You let God ~ Mrs. Peterson scorned to. reply. : wait, Andrew ·Hawkins, and go fas." But," says Martha ~impson, t"en the back of little Andrew's sus" p eople might ·thin:K fi>om that penders!' " name that it ~'as us th'at ·ne'eded' Her lips trembled and she· ~an the improvii!g instead ·of us doing·· · to cough like she always does Wl'1en the improving." · she's excited. "Maybe we do," I says, looking· "And1:ew hasn't spoken to me straight at Fannie, and would you since. And I ask you, dear sisters, heliev_e it 1 That chit. was ·looking tonight when you say your prayers, straight back at me! . . to ask God to forgive me and make "Yes, maybe we do," she says in· Andrew forgive me, and make me a better wife and mother ." . her nastiest way. Then I glanced around and ever'yc W e all said we would, all but hody was looking at ·everybody the widow Steele. She said: "Huh ! else, thinking t hat the . other lady Huh! Huh! " just like a cross old ueeded the improving. dog. She ·has no polish. " I rise to a point of order ," I All except Mrs. Hawkins, the wife of th e Methodist minister. · She is says, "Mrs. Attorney Peterson 's going to have-I mean .to say, a lit- motion hasn 't been seconded:" ti e stranger is coming to bless ·her "I second the· motion, " says hom e, the fifth . The Reverend Mr. ·Fannie." Hawkins says every n ew bab"y-I We voted and t he "mo"tion carried. mean stranger·- brings him one . .Then we adjourned to meet the next step· near er to the Great Throne. week at Mrs. Mayberry Crump's. :\~rs. Reverend Hawkin~ says in her I am chairman Of the program comsoft, husky voice-sh e always has mittee for ·n ext t ime. Mrs. Attora cold-:---she says: · ney P eterson and myself will have a " DPar sisters. I want to confess debate, " Resolved, That Anthony that 1 need improving. I am a Comstock Has Done More Good for wir kPd sinner. " the \Vorld Than Billy Sunday." I " You!" everybody says. have the affirmative. We will open "Yes," she says, her ey es filling with th e song, " Wher e Is My Wanwith tears. " This morning I sinned dering Boy Tonight 1 Down in the against my husband and God. " T...icensed Saloon." Mrs. Dinwiddie She . always has a bright pink sinl!s the soprano and Mrs. Sampson spot on each cheek bone, but now Eld Pr the alto. All ladies are invited. . her fare got pink all over. Pr·e pared ness at Llano (Continued from Page 15) made their. living fr·om the soilare .sti ll· strongly of the opinion that the future is 'brighter here than elsewhere in the country. Of course, to men who have been receiving cash payments for their labor each week, or monthly, find it a hardship to not receive the envelope regularly. How ev~r, they are coming to understlmd the mo- tives actuat ing us here and ·adapting themselves to the conditions. In fact, that is all that is required her e. Conditions control and the man and woman who can adapt themselves find little difficulty in getting along. It is unfortunate that it is beyond the pen possibility of a word painter to exactly tell the truth. What is rhyme to one is �T h e W e.s t e r n . C o m T·.a d e l1lank verse to another. It takes a vision to see this thing, as it quir es vision of any farmer that goes into the wilderness or the arid plains and hopes to build a farm. The picture is there before lie·starts for his home. It may take a long time to realize that ambition and wany circumlocutions twist out of fu rm the ideals and hopes, but if t lte mind remains adaptable, backed up with energetic work and entlrusiasm, it 's pretty hard to beat that man. ;\lisconceptions often a rise over thl' inattentive reading of an artil' lc. ~o m ew h e re, somehow, some. one saiu ,that when the silo was fin i~hed a searchligh t would be placed thereon that could sweep the great Antelope Vall ey and the ranging III•IUiltains for a hundred miles. A prosped complained bitterly that 111isi nformation was being pm·veyed IH·causc he did not find the searchli~ht. Ti e had mist·cad the story. It mi ght be borcsomc to r eiterate th nt th e Llano del Rio is an agri(·ultural JH'oposition primarily. It is fr·om that that we expect to get o11 1' living. From the success along ~~~ ri c u l tund lines will come our mdust ri es. Th ey will come as soon as (·t.llrditions, remember, permit. W e ll'i ll have a cloth es fn cto1·y, a tanninl! rstablishmcnt, a shoemal;ing f•s tablishment of ma gnitude and a big- printin g plimt. These will •·orne all right, but they are not here now. Anyone can see that it is but n qu estion of men and material until t hese things are realized . There is no discom·11gcmrnt in this fac t. nrten m en think th ey ran do t hings \l'hl'n t hey rnnnot. Experim ental ion oft n proves a r easonable th(•or·y wrong. The writer of this remembers that when the truth ahout Llano ll'as told to him h e felt disappointPd. He had picturrs of something Pr rti rely different. Not that he was told '~t·on gly, hut · long mulling Ol't• r drenm had hnilded a city and pt·opled it with phantasm. H e was nlmost m11d to haYe that dream .-haltered and be brought back to ~'al· t h by a fri end who had carefully gone over the land here and reported that with hard work and a lt>ntion to details the -people her e would live in good homes, would ll;, ,·e lei ure and could travel from t il e Pxeess product . H e fomid 27 re- (Continued on Page 29) Pictures for PrOpciganda., Shoot Capitalism _ · · With. a· ·Ste~eopticon Anyone can lecture with the .aid of pictures ; they . tell the story, you point out the moral. P ictures draw a crowd where other means fail. They make your wor k doubly effective. We tell you how to get the greate-st results at the least expense. Send stamp for complete infor mation. W. SCOTT LEWIS· 3493 Eagle Street . Los Angeles, California Comrades, -Get Back to the Land! Splenllid opportunities . for homeseekers in former Uintah lndian l1,eservation , North eastern Utah. Cheap land, ferti'le soil, good climate, Socialist community. Government offering unusunl cha nce to settlers. Learn a ll a bout it by sending for sampl e copy of Th e Dawn, Socialist magazine. Write Dawn Land & Colony Company Myton, Utah Announcement! Tli e ·w estem Comrade t a k es pleasure In a n nouncing t o Its r eaders the reducUon In price o n Its yearly -subscription rate from on e d olla r t o tlfty cents. C lubs or f our o r m or e will b<l accepted at twen t y-fi ve cents f or each subscription. Single copies tlv e cents each . F or a short time only w e will furnish the f ollowing combination of P earRon 's M aga.zlne. th e N ational Rip-Saw an<l The \Vestern Comrade one year for $1.25. Send your remittance today to THE -WESTERN COMRADE 526 Ca.Jifornia Building Los Angeles, California • �' . The 28 THE WESTERN COMRADE ~.a Entered u eeeond-elaaa matter at the omee at Loa Angeles, -cal. P<>t~t 526 California Bldg., ~s Angeles, Cal. Subscription Price - Fifty Cents a Year In Clubs of Four Twenty-five Cents ( Job Harriman, -Managing Editor Frank E . Wolfe, Editor - ~ Vol. Jll .Ja_nuary, 1916 No.9 "T 0 A:rms! Capital-i sts, . Parsons, Politicians, . Landlords, Editors, "and Other Stay-atHom e Patriots. Your Country Needs You in the Trenches! Worke rs, F'ollow Your Masters !, .. FOI{ printing and distT·ibnting post- ers with this startl ing r·all to arrns, lh r· (•()I(I"IS or Aukland , N. Z., fin<·J Torn Bari<Pr *2:,o. 'J'he startling thin g ahoul this is thnt Tom •·s•·apr ~ d llrr· " squirn•l housr.' ' Any""'' who would gt•t th e imprr-·ssion thai IIJi ,; huJI<·h would go lo war· would ll!' a l"air suh.i<·c:l fo r· lhf• · · hooh,v hall'l1. · · 11 was a vir·IOJT l"or th e laho r·it r . \Vhil .. his littl<' i1ostt·r did ·uot gd mw·h l'in·ulal io11 , <'I'Pl",v rwwspaper· in 'Australia played it up hig- an'd Tom 's hri ~drl id<•a got at· ross r·vPrywll!'t'!' with a ((' J'I"ifit• wallop. We~t. ern Comrade T HE press ~gents _of capi~alism S OCIALISTS have always argued are now mformmg their bethat the Government is unab1e fuddled reade.rs that ·"unknown now and always will be unable t o persons in Berlin are quietly ad- bust the Standard ·Oil trust or any vising Americans to leave for other trust. The trusts are th.e home, stating that the crisis be- natural result of industrial evolutween 'Germany and the United tion. Socialism demands that the States is_growing acute and that a oil industry be socialized and dediplomatic break, with resumptjon ·mocratized ; that is, ·that this huge of submarine activities is cert~in, flood of profits be wiped out, that according to advices received her!l tHe products of the Standard Oil today." · · . · · Company be produced for the ben. Il'his is only one of their little efi t of those using these 'product. wrath ·arousing scares which will' and not as a means of building b~ om e an every day occurre_qce· huge fortunes for tyrannical money in the n ear future. The patriotic -czars. r When the people get conpublic will read-and believetrol of the Government at \ Vashand then our masters ' · dream, · ington they will also get control of · " preparedness,'" quickly will be - the oil trust. Jt will be interestin!!' realized. to note how the old parties will again solve this trust problem in RIBBON counter Johnnies who this year 's presidential campaign. compose the 111inois navy are ~~ ~~ proud possessors of the h.ulk of t he E VEH.Y true poet is inspired. Eastland , erstwhile profit-making Prophesy ' No-just under.Tw o excursion boat. This ' 'battleship,'' standing', interpretation. as the militiamen already are call- verses from \Vhittier,· half a cening it, star ts in with a grand r ec- tury ago: OI"d as a l<iller. In the noble work "Love is lost and faith is dyin~ ; . of destroying human life t he E astWith the bmte the man is sold ; laud has a handicap of 800 to its And the dropping blood of Labor r·red it. Hardens into gold. * * !{' ~l' A LOS ANGELES chicken picked "Here the dying ·wail of Famine, Th ere _'t he battle's groan of seems a pit.v thai the powJt> t' . a hundred dollar diamond from pam ; towns arc placed in sneh isolated the cravat of a poultry show judge .And in silence, smooth-faced spots. Tt might he great if they and swallowed it. W e have known l\fam~on <·ould be operated in close proximity chick ens with a fondness for diaReaping men like grain." to some of the resor·ts of millionaire monds, and judges · with fondness munition makers. A r ecent explo- for chick en, but the judges didn 't sion in one of these humanitat·ian i11- eat the chickens, nor the chickens THE MASSES has a prize press stit.utions seut up a cloud of chlorine swallow the diamonds. p earl each month. May we ofgas which quickly spr·ead and defer them one f rom Los Angeles Tris('endcd aud ucarly asphyxiated the . bune and highly commend it fo r the t>ntir·c population of the settlement. A BOILER maker of Wood River , blue ribbon. Undoubtedly it wa Ill., by dint of thrift and fru- written by one of the little brother gality, saved enough tobacco tags to of Saint Swithin: · OHN D. lWCKEPELLBR has The Let us get right down to the placed his stamp of approval on furnish a four room house. bottom of that Youngstown riot Billy Sunday and says he wishes all piano cost him 750,000 tags, but the ing, and if any "undesirable of the working people could hear tireless one made the grade. Oh, aliens" are found to be concerned the evangelist pr·rach. That 's easy . that we had the words and the in It send them back to their native land without delay. 'l'hc foundation is rich enough to space to drive this lesson of persist ence and providence home to our .finance Billy and send him on a to ur of the H.oekrf'ellcr interests. vVe young readers. " AFTER a long and earnest diswould suggest that he get fir·st accussion,'' this from Indiantion at J,;udlow. L ITTLE DOROTHY had to stay apolis, "the United Mine Worker after school again and when of America, in convention here t oT HE recruiting department of the she reached home her mother asked day, defeated a resolution to amend the constitution of the orSeventy-first Infantry, N. G. N. her why the teacher k ept her in. Y .. is ' advertising for young men "Just because I talked in sew- ganization so as to exclude from with red blood in their veins. Thev ing,'' answer ed -Dorothy, carelessly, its membership National Guardshave used · about 70,000,000 gallm;s " hut," and her eyes flashed as she men and the ~>tate constabulary.' 'of this pr·oduct for fertilizer in said, "I didn 't talk half as much Just a plain case of being duperl into a suicide pact. Bnrope. as teacher did ! '' J'l' *** * * * J *** *** *** *** ~ �•' Preparedness at Llano te'on11nu:ed frll P a,re 21) freedom £rum n!IIanei wony (·o"t!Id be secured here than e sewhere, om {amd tne but was blg)l ti rs1. it had t&' be gotten ont of the g-round. Though the andstone ho pital, with its g,reenrooms, redriled floor and hurrying doctors and nurse& flitting to and fro, amd mi llionaire patients handing us $100 weekJy for our good water, food and attention, failed to matt:rinlir.e when be arrived, yet like the tirst protozoa washed out of the lw(>an 's oor.e and adapted himself lo his environment, the writer retrH'mhcred his humble brother of lht· f'amhrian fens and .tried to ad apt himl'!elf to eonditions. A Hplendid opportunity is offered lwre for th(' man that is tired of rhr "truggle in the competitive world, providing that he under~~ auds that capitalism is still the dominant thing, and that he has to ntlapt l1im~elf to the conditions impo"cd by that iron-heeled monster. WP are going ahead and · have ab~olutcl y TJO fears of the future. · mmre Look, You Kings! By Har vey E. We s t·g ate L OOK, you kings, from your scarlet thrones, Look, you kings, at the ~leaching bones; Sec the graves of the men who have died, If undreds of thousands placed side by side. Y ra, look, and listen, and ma.rk the date, B,·hold the love that is turning to hate, .\ud know full well what will be your fate. Lo , you kings! Look, you kings, at the crim on flood, Look, you kings, at the rivers of blood; Hear the cries of millions of men, Th ink of what is, and what might have b n. Y··a, look, and ponder, and mark you well, That from th tr nches of shot and shell, <:nns will oon turn and blow you to. hell. ' Look, you king Ignorance is the Great Curse! DOl you know, !or-fnatance, the sclenWtc d.Ulerence "'-ween love, aa pusion!' : Human life ill, tun ot hideous exhil)Jt& O! mt.checln . · due, to ignO.ance ot sexual normality. • . Stupid,. pernicious prudeey long has blinded us to s.e xual truth. Sd®ee was slow in entering. this vital field. In reeent years. · commerc:t.Ua.ta: eyeing profit& have unloaded many UDl!clenUflc·ancf dangerous III.S book Now, the world.' s great scientific minds are dealing With thia subtect upon which human happiness often depends. No J ouger i.s the subj:ec.t taboo among intelUgent people. We take pleaaure ln. offering. to the Am;riean public the work of one of the world'a greaten authorities upon the queation of sexual lffe. He Ia Auguat Fo.._l, M. D., Ph•. D., LL. D., of Zurich, Switzerland. Hla book will open your eyea to youraeff and explain miny myater·lea. You will be better for thia knowledge. Every profeaaional man and woman, those dealing with social, mecllcal, c:rim.lnal, legal, religious and educational matters will find this book ot immediate value. Nurses. police olllcials, heads of public institutions, writers, judges, clergymen and teachers are urged to get thl.s book at. once. The f!Ubject is treated from every point of view. The chapter on "love and other irradiations of the sexual appetite" Is a profound exposition of sex emotions-contraceptive means discussed-Degeneracy exposedA guide to all In domestic relations-A great book by a great man. "The Sexual Question" Heretofore sold by subscription, only to physicians. Now offered to the public. Writte.n in plain terms. Former price $6.60. Now aent pre· paid for $1.60. This is the revised and enlarged Marsha~! English transJa. tion. Send check, money order or stamps.· Gotham Book·Society, Dept. 387 General DeaJere in Boob. Sent on Mail Order 142 West l3rd St., New York, N.Y. Dawson's Dermal Cream Prevents wrinkles, softens and beautifies skin. Removes freckles, tan, moth patches and' all discolorations. Greatest beautifier of the age. One Ounce Jar 60c Postpaid Prepared By DR. ELIZABETH DAWSON Telephone Home A-4683 HARRIMAN & RYODIAN Attorneys at Law 921 Hlalns Bulldln&' Loa Ancelea, Cal Llano, Calif. Home A-2003 Jlalu 611 A. J. 8TEVEN8 Dentist 306 South Broadway Room 614 Lol Aqelea. Cal. �Und-e rwe Cheapest Because .I t Wear$ Best ·Women's Men's Union Suits, low neck, knee lengttl, sizes 32 to 44 . .. . ... . . .... . .. .. . . . .. .. . . ... .. ... .. . . . $1.25 Union Suits, half low neckr elbow sleeves, a.n%le lentth, 'sizes 32 to 44 . ...... ... . ....... .. ... 1.25 Under Vests, sleeveless, sizes 30 to 44 . . .. . . . ... .35 Night ~obes, sizes 32 to 46 .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. 1.50 Hose, extra, wearing, black, sizes 8 to lOlh .. . . . .30 Hose, light weight, all colors, sizes ·8 to lOlh . . . .so Undershirts, light '_!light, cream, It St to tt ..• .75 Undershirts; Jighi weight, black, slz :U to U .• 1.00 Drawers, light weight,' ~eam, sizes 30 to .7S Drawers, light weigh~, .eream~ siz s SO,to t4 • . .. 1.00 Shirts and ' Drawers, double fteeeed, gr y, alz a 30 to 4-4 •. . • •.. : • . . ..... ... , ... ... ........ , 1.25 Shirts and Drawers, Egyptian cotton, eru, sizes :io to 44. _. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .... . ...•.•. . 1.50 u.. .. Men's Hose Extra. wearing value, black, sizes 9 to lllh . .. . . $ ·25 Heavy weight, black, sizes 9 to lllh, 3 pairs .. . . 1.00 Girls' Boys' Children's Union Suits, sizes 20 to 30 . .. $ .50 Union Suits, better grade, sizes 20 to 30 .. .... .. .. .. 1.00 Hoe , black. tan or white, sizes 6 to lOlh. .. .. .. .. .. .25 Taped unions, answering Union Suits, sizes 20 to 32 ••• $ .SO purpose of a. waist, Union Suits, better grade, sizes 20 to 28 ...... .. .. $ .65 · · sizes 20 to 32 .. .. . .. . .. .. .90 Same as above, only betSportsman's hose for boys, ter grade, sizes 20 to 28 1.05 sizes 6 to 10th . . . . ~ . ;25 to .40 Pure Wool Goods Made by Wool Growers' Co-operative Mills Direct From Sheep's Back to Your Back Bli1 k a~d Grey Mackinaw Coat, length 25 lz s 36 to 44 .. ...... .. .. .......... $8.00 T rouser s, Grey and Navy Blue, usuai sizes . , , ,f4,00 Shirts, Grey and Navy Blue, usual sizes .. ....._a. __.. Blankets Wh ite or grey, 70x 2 in~ weight 5 lbs.... . . . ... $7.85 Grey, 70x 2 in., eight 7* · lbs ...... .. ......... 9.90 Llano del Rio Community ail Order Departmen Lo Angeles, California Bldg. aka all t'.h or ney ~ers payable to UaDo del RJo Com aDJ) ca·. �ELKSK BOOT'S and SHOES .• Factory opera_t~d in cqnne.ctign with LLA~o DEL Rro 'CoLONY Men ;s lO-inch boots. $6.00 Men's 12-inch boots . ·1.00 Men 's 15-inch boots. 8.00 Ladies'. 12-in. boots.. 6.00 Ladies' 15-in. boots.. 7.00 Men 's Elk·work shoes 4.00 Men 's Elk dress shoes 5.00 Ladies' Elk shoes . . . 4.00 Infants' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 .... ........ 1.50 Child's Elk shoes, 5'12 to 8.. .. . .. .. . 2.00 Child's Elk shoes, 8'12 to 11 .. .. .. .. . 2.50 M~ses' and Youths, 11'12 to 2 .. ... .. .. 3.00 Plac:t~ :atocklng foot ·o n paper:, ·dl'aw.t ng pencil ai'Ound ·• • per ·a bove tl· ' ruetra.Uo·n. IPau A,pe •ro:u·n·CI at line• wlth'0\lt 'C'INWln:g ttght. Give tze rQllilaUy wom. IDEAL FOOTWEAR For Ranchers and Outdoor Men The famous Clifford Elhltin Shoes are ligh,test •nd easiest for solid comfort . and will outwear three paire of ordinary shoes. We cover all lines ·from ladies,' men 'a and children's b~tton or lace in light . handsome patterns to the high boots for mountain, hunting, ranching or desert wear. Almost ·indestructible. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurement according to instructions. Out of tov.'Il shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P. 0. order and .state . whether we shall forward by mail or express. SALES .DEPARTMENT Llano del Rio Com.pany 5l6 California Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. . ' �Gateway to Freedom DEL RIO Co-lonists have made a L l.;ANO wonderful demonstration of success in their effort to put a great theory into practisr. Here a group of theorists with practical ideas back of them hav~ establil\!hed a community founded on equality and justice and have made • greater progress in a year and a half than their most cheerful optimist could · have hoped to achieve in several years. 'rhey have nearly 8000 acres of land, an abundance of pure mountain water and hundreds of head of live stock and a large amount of indus- . t rial · machinery. 'l' hey have established a town of 700 inhabitants a nd are growing rapidly. Their plans c·ontemplate a beautiful city with homes for all their members. There are few memberships rernaining unsold and these are being subscribed for every day. The price of memberships is $1000. Are you tired of the struggle in the cutthroat. competitive system T Have you fought long enough in the uneven and all hnt hopeless battle Y Are you not ready now to join forces with thrs<' C'omrades, the men and women who have gone into this .co-operative movement with the deternimation of making ~ collective effort to reach .the goal of freedom and happiness and ·to show the world .the possibilities and desirability of co-operative action t N~rly all the desirable land in .A:merica has been seized. Almost all the water rights are held by the · g r e e d y corporations. Here is almost the last · remaining chance for an· opportunity w he r e the land is cheap and the water plentiful. The colon is t.s have secured an abundance of water and land, . and can secure more land, as their control of the water gives them a COII!-manding position in their district. This land and water need but the appliclltion of human energy to develop a principality in the beautiful Antelope Valley. It may be the last opportunity of the sort ever given to the workers. of America. . Write today and tell us your age and occupation and number of persons in your family. Ask for an application blank. Don't delay. Thr step you take today may be the oprning to the gateway to your freedom . Address you r commun ication to LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY 526 California Building Los Angeles, California � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1916-01 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Description An account of the resource Preparedness Issue Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-01 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n09_191601 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-25 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n09 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b1c15ae661d6064b3a8f141f7e22188a.pdf e3cd577857054c3e17cc743138208be5 PDF Text Text 1915 n. Fran· E. Vo fe. G. E. &Jw Fran H. War D U..'7. R. K. ·: 11 m • }o :.epll D. Cannrm m �Llano del Rio Co-operative· Colony Llano, California Is the _greatest Community Enterprise ever launched T HIS In America. . . The colony ·was founded by Job Harriman and is situated In the beautiful Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, California, a few h()urs' ride· from Los Angeles. The community' Is solving the problem of dlse-mployment and buslne811" -f ailure, and olfers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their families. N~;~ more commissions will be paid for the Sale of mem. bershlps or stock In the Llano del Rio Community. Eve17 Installment member. should be a worker to secure new members. About 120 acres of garden was planted this :rear. The re. suits h~ve b~en most gratifying. · · · Soc!&! life In the colony ts most dellghtful. Entertainments il,nd d.~ces are regulariy estp.bllshed funcilons. Bas· Here Is an example of co-operation In action. Llano del ball, b,asket~ ball, tennis, swimming, fishing, hunUng and 1 Rio Colony Is an enterprise unique In the history 1>f com- . other sports_ and p·astil:ries are p(>pular with all ages. munity groups. ' S.everaJ · hundred-- acres are now 1D alfalfa, which is e: It was ·established by Job Ha,rriman to solve the problem .. p~ed to. -run six cuttings of heavy hay this season. The of unemployment by providing steady employment for the · are two· producing orchards and about fifty-five acres or workers; to assure safety and comtort fer the future and for young pear trees. ' Several hundred acres will be planted In old age; to guarantee educatiQJl for the· children In the best pears· and. apples next year. · school under personal supervision, and to provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found In the comsix ·hundred and torty acres have been set ulde for a petitive world. .site for .a city. rhe bul)dlng ·department Is making brlcu for the construction of hundreds of homes. The · city will Some of the aims of the colony are : To solve the problem J>e. the. only one of ·tts- kind in the world. It w1ll be bunt year since the colony began to work !)Ut the problems that with the end of being beautiful and utilitarian. confront pioneers- There are about 700 persons living at There are 1000 'm emberships In the colony and over 900 the new town of Llano. There are now more than 200 pupils in the schools, and several hundred Are expected to be of them are 'subscribed for. , It Is believed that the remalnds~ · enrolled before a ye-ar shall have passed. Plans are under wlll be taken within the next few month~s. way for a school building, which will cost several thousand The broadest democracy prevails in ibe management of dollars. The bonds have been voted and sold and there Is the colony'. There Is a directorate of nine, elected by the nothing to delay the building. stockholders, and a community commission of nine, elected Schools have opened with classes ranging from the by the General Assembly-all persons over 18 voting. AbsoMontessori and kindergarten grades through the intermediate, lute equallty· prevails in every .respect. The ultimate popuwhich Includes the first year in high schooL This gives the lation of this colony wlll be between 5000 and 6000 persons. pupils an opportunity to take advanced subjects, including languages In the colony school. The colony is ·org!ffilzed as a cor-poratio.n under the laws of California. The capltallzation is $2,000,000. One thousand The colony owns a tine he'rd of 105 head of Jersey members are provided for. Each shareholder agrees to suband Holstein dairy cattle and is turning out a large amount scribe for 2000 shares of stock. Ea{:h pays cas.h $1000 for · · of dairy products. There' Is steady demand for our out- 1000 shares. put. Deferred payments on the remaining iooo shares are made There are over 200 hogs in the pens, and among them a by deducting one dollar per day from the $4 wage of the · · · large number of good brood sows. This aepartment will be colonist. given special attention and ranks high In Importance. Out of the remaining $3 a day, the colonist gets the necesThe colony has seventy-five work horses, two large trac- stiles and comforts of life. tors, three trucks and a number of automobiles. The poultry The balance remalnfng to the Individual cr4[!dlt of the department has 2000 egg-making birds, some of them blue ribbon prize winners. This department, as all others, Is In the colonist may be drawn In cash out of the net proceeds of the enterprtse. charge of an expert and It will expand rapidly. A per cent of the wages may be drawn In cash. 1'here are several hundred hares In the rabbitry and the manager of the department says the arrivals are In startling Continuous employment Is yrovlded, and vacations arnumbers. ranged as may be desired by the colonist. 'There are about 11,000 grape cuttings In the ground and Each member holds an equal number of sharea o. thousands of deciduous fruit and shade trees In the colony as every other shareholder. nursery. This. department Is being steadily extended. Each member receives the same wage as every 1 The community owns several hundred colonies of bees member. which are producing honey. This department will be Increased to several thousands. Several tons of honey are on In case anyone desires to leave the colony his 1 hand. and accumulated credits may be sold at any time.. Among other Industries the colony owns a steam laundry, a planing mlll, large modern· sawm111, a printing plant; a machine shop, a soil analysis laboratory, and a number of other productive plants are contemplated, among them a cannery, a tannery, an Ice plant, a shoe factory, knitting and weaving plant, a motion picture company and factory. All of this machinery Is not yet set up owing to the stress of handling crops. The colonists are fatmlng on a large scale with the use of modern machinery, using scientific system and t ried methods. Are you tired of the competitive world! Do you want to get Into a position where&very h· work will be for yourself and your family! Do :rou ' assurance of employment and prov!Rlons for the future! for the booklet entltled: "The Gateway to Freedom." Sub· scribe for The Western Comrade ($1.90 per year),. and keep posted on the progress of the colony~ Aa'll: about our monthlY payment Installment membership. Address LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY, 924 Higgins bu ild· ing, Los An~les, California. �CONTENTS l .. Page . Trend of t he H ou r ............ . . .. . ..... : .,.. . .. ,..... 5 By Frank E. Wolfe. Soeia li sm Strik es Mi ll vi ll e....... .... ... . . . ......... .. 9 By Cla ra Cushman . · In th e 'Name of Ch ri st-Amen !............. -. . . . . ... .. 11 By Fran k H. Ware. Solid ] vo ry . . ....... . : . ........... . ................. 12 By A. F. Gannon. Hese ue th e Desori entes .... . . : .. . ..... . ...... . .._...... 13 ·. · By G. E. Bol ton . Amon g t he Imm ort als ....... .. .. . ...... . .. . ..... : .. ~. 14 By E dmund B rumbaugh . Ont> Big Pnion ........ .. .... .. ..... ............. .... . H By .J. L. Engdahl. Ll a no del Ri o. . ... . .............. . ... . .. . . . . ...... Hi By John. D equer. Llano Colonists Ar·e Undaunted by Storm .... . .. . .... 18 By R. K . Williams. Thi· W ond er·s of Llano ..... . ... . ...... . ..... . ..... ... 22 By Joseph D . Cannon. Ca rtoonist .Joins Community .. . . . .... . ............. . . 26 Random Shots . ....... ... ... . .... .... . ... . .......... 28 CA R T OO N S Th e Cross of Honor ................... . .. .... Frontispiece '' Liquid Fir·e'' 6 ( 'hr·i stmas E ve "'I Th e ~[a l thusian :J1iff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 An Afte rthought . . .............. . . . . ....... .... ... . Hi I van 's Christmas Wish ... .. ......... .. .. ........... .. 28 i ~' ~;_ :~.~l �Their Christmas Present ... -c~ THE CROSS OF HONOR \ntriotism, fathered by bourgeoise greed and hypocrisy, mothered by proleta rian ignoran\!e and «ullabilit~-, brings nothing bitt poverty and misery to the working class. . -D.-.,.,. for TA. Wnurn Comr.uh hN M . A . K•,.Jf �THE WESTERN COMRADE - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - Devoted Political Action VOL. III to . the Cauee of the Worker. Co-operation LOS ANGELES, CAL., DECEMBER, 1915 DI...Ct Actl011 Nl)MBER 8 ~======================~7====================~==== Scene Taken from Top of Silo of LJidio d·el Rio's Temporary Homes TREND OF THE HOUR By Frank E. Wolfe thr' '· Landsturm " for Amet·icau . H cit it'S.comes Th e "e itizeu police ,., ·will soon be in laghan, who shattered sequ ence, continuity and sense wh en they ·ut fin conn ecting scenes aud six om· midst. There i · a widespread movement to indispensible title fl'olll a motion picture I exhihited Pstablish a fon:e t hat can qnicldy be armed and set there. "Nothing but th e hlood of the lamh " was to t he task of qu elling riots "in time of great dis- deleted because th e word ' ·blood " cannot go on the aster· '- presumably such as th e Standard Oil strike s •·epn in Chicago motion pi cture theaters. A Pitizen r·esenist phalanx was ca ll d aud Dan in Bayonne, and othe1·l idJOI' disturbances. Fine idea. ('hicl)go plans a force of 20,000 of these volun- aud ,J E' rTy wcl'e rcn•l's ed by a vote of 39 to 0- one teer police "reservists.'· H ere is a suggestion: lf noble. Roman refrain ed f1·om voting because "while th e sto1·y clea rly was within the bounds o[ free til{',\" or·ganize til e landstrum in your village, be amo ng1th e first to '.'Ohmteer. Get on the inside. Get speech, it was calculated to n1·ouse cla·ss feelin"' be.'· ou 1· in~t1·uctions-and a gun. Show that you are · tween capital and J_ah()r. " Her e wa vindication ( JU thl' side of. law and order. Remember West Vh-- and encouragement from a high source. + + + 0'(lia. ( 'alnm r t, Ludlow, l;aw•·en ce, Patterson and ;u.;y say thl' l;audstul'm will make for a Ba:"onnt·. Cet on the inside! '' cleaner, sa fe1.' nnd bette•· Chicago.'' Ilet·e 's + + + HE Ltmdsturm will shine in Chicago. The regu- hoping it w,ill be (·lean et· than when th e u·n iformed la1· force sometimes is inadequate. A great police- the rivet· district harness hulls-clubbed my camet·a man away wh en we tried to get one motion strain falls upon the uniformed body. picture of scores of Chicago citizenry s(lrabbling in a call for I once caused much disturbance and reinforcements when I objected to the fine artistic garbage barrels and eating refuse from back doors touch of patrolmen Jerry O'Connor and D~n Cal- of fish , fruit nnd ineat stalls. .EHE T T �The Wester n Com r ad e 6 N EVER has there been "It is many a year sin~e this country has seen a more concerted teamwork than that of the propaga~da as skillful, as extensive, and seemingly American press, under the · as · irr~sistible as that persuasive powers of the : which has been conducted shipping trust, in its asagainst the LaFollette saults on the· LaFollette Seamen's Law. This , Seamen 's law. . . The average citizen measure was calculated who · r eads the newspato give to seamen on ship~ . pers glan,ces at the carflying the American flag toons, hears political the same rights of perspeeches, and discusse's .sonalliberty and the same the affairs of the ' nation recognition of their citi. with his neighbor has zen's rights as are granted come to associate the law to other working men. It subconsci 0u~ly with every was adopted by Congress form ·of political stupidity and before it went into and moral · obliquity." effect it was nullified by The law will be repealed th e interpretations and . or so ame~ded that· profits special suspensions and dispensations of various ·. ~ill not be impaired. . Protection of the workers officials- all without war. will he annulled and,, rant of law or justic_e. ,\rhiie there may be some. 'rh e fact that the meas"LIQUJD. FIRE" semblance of safety proure improves the safety of "Hello! Potsdam? Thanked your dear old . visions permitted to relife at. sea has made no God :Yet for your newest success?" main, the measure, after impression on those edi- Drawn by L ou i s Raemaekers tors who have followed Congress gets through ' . their line of inspired propwitll it, will be innocuous aganda against the measure. If you want to know and labor will have an empty husk . There will be · the real cause of the opposition to the measure, ap- no .such fluke in the present Congress. Conservatism ply your own interpretation through the law of and r eactionaryism will rule. I .. abor measures will economic determination . The shipping trust wants find short shr·ift. Labor will get what it merits to destroy a law that says it must have American fr·om the imbecile system which it supports. + + + officers ·and crews that speak the same language OE HILL was murdered in cold blo?d by the peoof the officers. In the Pacific, Japanese ships pay ple of Utah. Joe Hill alive was as harmless as their Orientals about one-sixth the wages necessary for subsistence of American workers. the average preache.r of the doctrine of discontent A thousand sophistries are sprung by the porno- with the system of wage slavery. Joe Hill shot to "{aphic press. It were futi le to review them. death becomes a ·martyr and his power grows a Secretary of Labor Wilson calls the campaign thousand fold. Utah is, for the hour, the victor. Laagainst the mea~u re a conspiracy and he has abun- ·martine summed this ca.<;e most clearly: . dant proof. Gerald Henderson, editor of the Har"THE MURDERER HAS BUT ONE HOUH : vard J;f\W Revi ew sums up the cRse most cogently: THE VICTIM HAS ETERNITY." J �The Western Comrade FORJD and a strange crew strangely reH ENRY cruited have gone t o sea sailing for nowhere cialist Party ! Suppose the poor fish that make and aasemble-the tin flivvers should .decide to be men! But to do something, no man knows whf!.t. Some say what 's the use! General strikes don't breed among he is going to ·stop Christians from murdering each · catfish. Back t.o Henry and· .his fellow pacificators : other and that he hopes to achieve this marvel on Th~y sai~ .a~ an. inop,Portu:lle hour. Why no~ ~tay or about the birthday of Christ. If Henry hopes to here and pacificate the preparatio.:nists (ChristilJ.n !"ivilize t he modern disciple of Christ ~e will have crew ) and the anti-preparationists · (pagans and Soto get closer than the average distance of the radio cialists ) Y Presently· our.patriot ic preparationist will wave. He will have to get right up to the firing line, be manufacturing shells for home' consumption. The and there will find chaplain and priest in frock .and next year will II!ark an · ~ra o~ high tariff legislaskirt, praying to God, on his natal day, to gujde and tion and the manufacture of. every .impelment of murdirec t th e shrapn el " that is now' before us and about der f rom t he bayonet to the latest p attern of riot to be thrown " so that it may strew death and de- gun s for stt·eet and str.jke·11se. We shall spend hundreds of millions tp satisfy the needs of " prepared~ ~ ru ction in th e village wh ere the agents of ·the ( 'h ristiau king or czar may di r·ect . Henry will find ness. " Then we shall select an erremy. .This will be !l peacefully in clin ed natio~ , bvt ·we can . soon goad ~ o und s an<l si ghts and sm ell s, th e honor of which · them · into action. The lit• eoul<l not hav e found poison press i.s already at t'l'en in t he warrens of the that. Next we will go into poor of Detroit. H e will t he business of breeding find th e agents of th e vari an international · hatred ous di eties invoking blessand . s)lspicion. This will ings f rom the sky on the mak e our sele<;t ed enemy poisonous gasses nbout to start on a career of prephe poured into the aration: · . Then we will tr·e nches where t hey pray have greater reason . to. there may be .most stranmore guns manufacture ~ll atio n , sufferin g and and more 1nunitioris, more deat h. fortifications and more Henr·y is ha stening from kill ers. Our "foe" will onr· shores to bring about be spurred• on to greater a ''gen eral strike'' on the effort and we shall be battlefi elds of Europe. to build more ships . . forced May we interrupt our Simple little nierry-gothought a moment to obr ~mnd , isn 't it T Where serve that it would be "a will it end 7 Tha.t 's easy. norful joke'' ]f someone Every Frankenstein monshould start a general ster destroys its creator. strike in Henry''s factory ' Pr e pare dn es~ will lead us Not that he doesn't pay where it. has led th e namiraculously high wages. of Europe. tions Not th~ Suppos~ someEVE CHRISTMAS · Ford will get no official one should agitate for r ecogni tion. He will re"Ah, Santa Claus; no fooling now! For us, fr·eedom to belong to a tobacco; for the ·Germans, cholera." tul'll disappointed . The labor union or freedom to - Le Hire . Pur ls fighting will continue. be a member of the So- 7 �The Western Comrade T HIS mythi~a! or aetna~ foreign foe will prove a most admirable stalkJDg horse for>-those who believe with Taft . that we need many gnn.s ·and a large standing army to keep down possible riot.> (Juring wide-spread labor trouble. . , To quote the fat one: - In a nation of 100.000.000 there are liable to be·.. riots, mobs and Insurrections wh ich cannot be regulated except by the presence of an 11rmy_ · H.r~ula Led is good! _,l'h~ r cgnlatimt at Ludlo'w w;1s most t' tf•·•·t ivc and satisfactory to preparationist lto•·k<'fl•llr r. • II" you want to get to th e rPal meat of tlw matter, rPact \\" illi;nn .renn ings Br.v:111 's 11 ttCI'H llf:Cs: that oppre si,-e taxes, war , p()Yerty and numer·ou~ .other ills·. are due to an exce 've number of babies in the ''•orld. H e want matrimony discom:aged and eou:rfoship aboli. hed. Reason : Tire· humans .of the worl'd are reproduei.n"' .their kind faster than they can supply .raiment and food. He wants the· stork ' "-ings cropped, and would 111a ke ' ~dwifery a crime. Ewry pro pec>th·c . parent or 1·an'didat ~ fpr parent hood should he f01·('ed to pr·ove · in advance to th e · authoritie... , that h e is capillll e · .of . npportin{!' a child . 'l'he JH·ofessor attJ·ihtitrs th e ·P.Ht'OJWan wa t· to the f t·•~e and ·uuJ'I'· ·tn1 inl'd Pou i·s•' nf Ei·os in n~'l"lllt1U~·- Bnhes 'tu·ed in Jo,:e mu. t go t'!Jr· ' kannoJl en futte1·. · · 'J'o quote .Johw;;on: Now, a new power ha s arise n in the land and demands control of the The birth rate lh taxing power. Jt. is th e Germany·. for instancr. pre par rs of prepared gre w so rapidly that battleship ness - the the nation could not hutldf' rs and the manu support its population. facturers of munitions. Colonl.es were formed· They have been makinv; and they grew. Th e enormous profits supproducts . or . these colplying the belligerent. onies had to hav an nations with flghtlnv; outlet. Hence. c·onmaterial. bnt the .Euro(]u est. pean war must end some time . . . and B·a bies born to the poor what wtll these conmean more tax es ou the C'erns do fot· wate r melon -like dividends ? rich , say~ this mo>~t There Is only one way erudite one . to insure 1heir continued prosperity-they .. Hc•gu lute . ehildbirth must lash lhis country and you will have bared into a state or' chronic The Malthusian Miff one o[ the pr·in ei'pal fear, and then coin the fea r into dollars. They <:It uses of I It X fit ior1 t roualready bave their subbl e .. , - Drawn by l\1, A. K e-mpf sidized organs setting up a false standard of Js th eN. Y. t.:. a hook· national honor--the duelist's standard; they are glor-Iworm college? Johnson should not be allowed to fying brute force. Thef are transplanfing upon Amerie\·aporate and die of dr:v rot in New York. lJere ii! can soil the European tree of hatred which is bearing its blo_o dy fruit across the Atlantic. a great interpreter. Ilis equal probably has not + + + A U.I ~E, ~falthus, aud. eomc f rom your burial Vindication antl contit·mation arc toward Prof. ,Joseph F. John,on of the Ne\\' York ninm;:~ty, who has tmned the Ir ick. John ·ou declare N H'C. been heard · si~ce John went forth rrying in · the wilderness. R shonld crawl from his ca.\·ern and join his neiohbors, old Ezry gkinclothes and ~tmuel "ton ehatchet, i'n a dinosaur hunt on thf· palezoie plain of Plattsburg. �T c ali e es er • rt · e 111 B,- CL Uft,.X ll~:rtlJa "jfbJJ:hiJD. th~ Co•r R~ wife of th..- Jm•·dtnire ml"rchant, fi3id we oo.gb to in\'ttf' Hw ·.-if~· of bP brieklay£>r_ who i "orl~i11~ "n the ne ·Odd F Jlow· Building, t(' j oin the llHh·ill JAtdi lmpro"~­ tu •nt f;ociety, 1 knew tba in the name of tf11· morals l,f our fair eity it '~a · time to 8p ak. · " J'm a Cbrilltian woman , m~· !rultl,aml Jm~'JJI~ Mfy dollar11 a y 'Ill' out oJ hi· ow11 ptw ki•t 111 Jm•p np thl:l miniHil•r·, S() I don't lik to knocl; JJJJY f111dy, but il'K my duty tt t •11 you that woman j i., " I dwhd on 1111· word- "a :->ocialist. " Widow Stt>1•lr•, who was ~;itting n xt to· Mrs. Dr.· lll'llllll•·~·. ~o~uitl ; " Wlrut't:~ •'o ·iali~:;t. " ~ I,.,. , JJJ•, Hroml £•y Rhu ddcr ed. Bhc 's a pet·fect lad~· Jor " J,tutii?H," I ffW ~;ays, " '\\lt~n ~·ou find -n bomh nntlt•t· YI)Ht hu.-hnud ·~ lnnk f,•t•l 1lifl\•"''lll.' "~fy ·j ler nev t., .' uid nn~·tlting nhoul liH•m u~iu ~ dynamit ,·' ~he a·ys, .. hot 1'11 writ ' nu.t n~k hl't' to make ure: .1\Iy . i tcr . a~· thnt 0 01'1,\'t' l t'l'lllll'1\ ~hnw is nll th e rage now in. the lndit>s dnlls, tnld h ~· he's a • ociali t. ..., h ~ 11 Yct·· aid lw was It tlyuu mih•1·.' 1 Now when Fannie 1\[Qrt in snys u thing i~ th ' l, l the oth r ladies :ire goii1g to do it if tlw r luw risk tons of dynamite ot· cvcn th ir inurtor•tnl soul . My soul comes first with me, and sA.ft'ty next, lnst.oo.d of "Safety First." . I 'll nevcr· risk t'ith l' forth snl" of being style, altl10ugh 1 'm ju11t 1111 stylish All Fn.unill, for that matter, onJy not. so flnshy. And I'm strong against anarchy, being the wife of .TuRtico oC th P IHW T. M. Parker, who is also our· city lllHlm·tnk t•, s1ntiou l' and furniture dealer. J knew it wonldn 't do nuy gootl to say anything more, but I wn.nt d t feP) t.l tat lhnd done my Christian duly. "Yes," I says, J know ahout tlJiti ruun Alit w. 1f wt·ote that . awful play. J would11 't lrtJmr i1 fm· u. million, but the initials are 'Mrs. '' . P.' " Fannie giggled and ny11, ' ' ITow do you lmow 1111 much about itT" "Well ' I says "as T'm ·en or for tlw Muin f.Jtr t nickelod on, I always read the dramsti(: pagf' 11r f'lttr metropolitan papc•· .and· thl're was a 14yllOJ'IIiN of th • play i.o that: J read it before 1 knew whn.t it Willi, 'J'h •rt• ouobt to be a law again t allowing sueh thingH in th • pa~r to make 1adi IJio b and t•orm.pt our hmot-enf yonn![. And." J . y lookin • !ltyai •Jlt a J-•aflnit·, •• any, way_ J nt>Tt>r lri"D for tb1· l.ook ;md 1lon 't kf'l'fl )t }dt) iiJi tllf• op bf'tr of ht> pan ry fwliintl th1• r~tliJ,lWM",Y j!;11r/' Yon bouJd han~ PrJ FanuiP'11 fat•e. U1;7 hired ~1'1 told ~~ Bro\01. b~ 1-ostmi r. , ant) •h~ YJld "· you know Fannie by ~rrs. A omf'.ll' PciP. lhen .d ha: IJft 1in'Gle llrirhd bOO i didn •t lolltJw ..-HY -.riftEd uy .,.. 1w1 that ~n tw . Ollll' fine UIOI'U iug,': ) sn ~-s . .. ~'Hll llltt~· in ~ - :7Ab �.}0 · T h e W e s t e r.n C o m r a d e French novels. "I believe in beini broadminded," she I caught the name of Gorky, and I ·guess 'y ou. know· about him; then of Shaw, and there in plain viewsays. Mrs. Druggist Perkins, meaning her husband is a not even hidden on the pantry shelf, mind you_:_11cas druggiflt, who always takes the opposite side to every- "Mrs. W. P." . I was still red from the shock of that thing I say because we don't agree about pr'ed.estina- when I looked at the table and there, face down and tion, said she was in favor of being broadminded, too, open so that the title fairly glared at you, was that and inviting Mrs. Bricklayer to join our society. She unspeakable book that they've been playing at a 1os said we could make sure of' her morals by asking her .,...Angeles theated "D: G.!". "D. G. " right in the same to show us her marriage certifica-t e. "As. our town is room with that:l.nnoc\')nt child! growing so cosmopolitan, t~o brick buildings now unI . hea~d Mrs.: Br!cklaye,r coming and· tried to pull der course of erection,. and undesirable citizens liable - mys~lf together: She had on gloves and· said she's been to become residencers at any time, I believe we might digging in the garden. Di~gillg in the garden! Wasn't ' be broadminded and still protect the f~ir name of our that the" way· they• buried dynamite ? I made up my society by requesting every new .memaer to show her mind it 'wa,S .policy to keel'> on the good side of her. marriage certificate. If 1\frs.- Bricklayer knows it is She came to US, with both hands out. "I'm so glad our custom, her feelings will not be hurt. '' to see· you! I 've b'~en s·o lonely since I came to the. · Well, everybody thought that would be a fine idea, country." excepting t hree ·ladies; first, myself, who said after all "Country. ind~E)d!" I thought. "And with two marriage certificates didn't tell everything> you had brick buildings· going up, and . five hundred inuabto notice the size of th e first child, and anyway they itants! " B'ut I didn't say. ,it. I musn 't take -chances. better r emember "Safety Next" and think of the dyna- I gave her the invitation and she ~ajd she'd love to join, mite; second, F annie, who said she didn't think t hey that she was . the president of their club in Berkeley. ever did that up at Los Angeles; and third, Mrs. Dr. I asked what cluJ:>, and she said the Woman's Socialist Hendley, who said even married ladies were unrefined League. The way ·she said it you 'd ha:ve thought she sometimes, and that ought to go in the motion as an was falking about the Foreign Missionary Society ! amendment. Just then we he~rd a step on th~ porch and she Well, when th e society was called to order and the said her husband had come home from work and she motion put, of course it carried, thanks to Fannie and went out to meet him 'a ria brought him in and . introher style. And as luck would have it J'm on the in- duced him. He walked up to us !iDd shook banns as vitation committee with .W idow_Steele, of all people coolly as if he had been the Jl?stice of the Peace instead . in the world. It was our duty to call on Mrs. Brick- of a common workingman. Then he excused ~ims elf to layer and ask her to join. take off his working clothes. I told Mrs.' Bricklayer Her little girl came to the door, a ve~:y respectable as delicately as I could about our rule for new memlooking child, I'll admit.' I believe in giving the devil bers. I even smiled, but I was trembling inside and his due. While she went to find her mother I had a saying "Safety Next." She looked kind of surprised minute to investigate. I could see that Widow Steele for a minute, then her eyes begdn to shine and she gave wasn't going to be any help. I p eeked under the sofa, a kind of gasp, and said very softly: "Yes. i see. I but it had been swept clean, then I glanced around the ser. I 'II try to find it. " room. The carpets and chairs were too expensive for She 'd "try to find it! " I thought of that little . a bricklayer's wife. I understand that's the way So- brown frame over the head of the bed in the spare cialists are, .they squander their own money, and then J'Oom where my own. certificate shed its sacred light expect thrifty people like me and the Judge to diyide over our home .for so many years, and I shuddered. Mrs. Bricklayer went · to the desk and began rumup with them. But thet·e wasn't a sign of a lace cur. tain at thr windows and not a single piece of fancy · maging through the drawers. Finally she called to work in the room, just a lot of books and some ugly 'her husband, her voice·kind of trembly: ''John ! John! wild sunflowers in a bowl, and a picture of a man with Do you know where our marriage certificate isf" whis~rs all over his face and another of a statue with. "What?" he roared in the rudest way. out any clothes on, but quite respectable, as he was a She went into the bedroom to explain. When he man, all doubled up with his chin in his hands. I was came back her eyes were shining more than· ever, and about to say to myself, "Awfully poor taste, but re- I heard a queer splutter in the bedroom. I hoped spectable,'' when my eye caught the row of books. The he wasn't lighting a fuse. I had a notion to run, but . titles were mostly outlandish foreign ones, mostly Rwi- thought it would be poor policy. sian looking and French and Dago, and you know what "He ·doesn't know where he put it," she began to awful morals those foreigners have! Suddenly.I gasped. (Con.,.ttnued on Page 23) �The Western Comrade In the N arn e of Christ~A men! By FRANK H. WARE ~· · IS dusk •in a little village. The birds in the tree tops twitter their soft, happy notes and the calm of night echoes the noise of droning insects-soon the peaceful noises of the night are drowned by the steady " tramp, tramp " of multitudinous feet marching and the ceaseless creaking of tJeavy wheels. Away on the far horizon lights flare redly and are followed later by the dull but distinct booming of cim·non. Back ~f a near-by :hill artillery breaks forth with a deafening .roar. The shouts of drivers come louder and more frequent in their fevered haste and the even t r·amp'tng sounds double-time as sharp orders rang out. Then comes a "whee-ee-ee," and overhead with !lash and shriek a blinding greenish-white shower ~h ell bursts, lighting up the village and countrysidethe marching columns of soldiers, the horse-drawn cannon with their cursing drive.rs, and the upturned pallid faces of helpless humans., More shells follow and the townspeople flee in panic. Here an~there in :the dust lie the forms ·o f men, women and child~n-:-many writhing in agony of woundsothers silent and motionless. In the center O'f the village a "little group of women and children huddle on the steps of a church. ·Trembling in fear, but with bowed heads, they listen to the prayers of a ·priest. · "Our Father ! " A bursting shell lights his upraised face and closed eyes. " Hear our prayer and protect us--·" A woman screams a_n d crumples to the roadway. ' ' On this, the dawn of the day of Thy blessed nativity- -" The little white hospital with its red cross flag blown by the storm of battle bursts into flames. "Deliver unto the enemy a crushing defeat--" The steeple splinters and- falls. "And punish them with an everlasting hell- -" · A shell bursts among them, killing many. " In the name of .Christ- Amen ! " �The Western -Comrade 12 Solid Ivory By A. F. GANNON ~~~~ D LYN 'H was a ribbon r ·eler, at twelve per, in Bunk 's Big Bazar on Broadway. 0. Henry . was not within his ken, ~d the only Ste,·enson of note in his mental card-index wHs· the guy.who put the first l ocomoti,~e on·r·. He could t'ell you all about Ty Cohh and "Confession" Jack O 'Brien, · but the worth-while subtilties were beyond li im. That summarizes Ed. :YTyrt.le was nineteen, and Corpul" nt Cortez (ot· whoev1·r· it was on a peak in -Darien ) had nothing on her insofar as a large· and romantic outlook was concern ed. She worl<Pd in th e :\Iaecrator Laundry on J,os Angeles street and, thanks to a pickle-and-pie-proof liver, penny dan ces and Hober·t Chambers ' novels, lived mostly in th e r·osy region of romance. They met on the top of a beach-hound bus one Sunday evening, whither Myrtle hied after finishing the latest emotion-raker from the dictaphone of her favor·i te. fietioner. Sh e lik ed Ed 's (·ontave shoulders, th e aroma of his "dago" eigar·l'ttes and the eut of his jib. In Ed 's estimation, Myrtle was all to the mustard. l\Iyrtle fe lt sure that Christy never got hy with anything niftier. Picture shows, B~n·bank .matinees and ChinH-cafl' feeds foll owed with dizzy ing rapidity, -Ed. proposed . Myr·tJe· disposed. Np one opposed. Myr·tl e dr·eamed at hrt· mangle for· a few Sl'erf't, saceharinP months before t he first tilt. Ed had two tielwts fo r a. show. Myrtl e was to wor·k late in the w oek-end rush. They were to meet at a. ilown-town cornet· and go from there to the theah 'll. No Ed awaitrd \ylw n 1Tyrtle arrived . She sauntered with th e throng to the next block, wondering what hstd detained him and already revelin-g in the deli ghts of mu ic, song a.nd laughter that wer·e to be hers that. l'vening at th e widely touted ('Omedy they wer·e to attl'nd. She stopped for· a moment on the curb near the cot'JH' r·. ~uddcnly she felt like screaming. ~ ~ chntt.iug gaily with the blond girl on his arm, was cro.<>sing toward· her through the traffic. She clinehe(\ her tlsts and controlled herself as she distinctly heard him say to the girl as they parted just behind- her m the cr·owd : "Good night., kid. See y' later." Ed hni·ried toward their rendezvous._ Myrtle was """ a bit late. Ed jokingly chaffed her, saying t hat h~t ba~ \vaited half an hour. Ed was in hjgh glee at the slap-stick work· of tl\e: low eomedi~. Myrtle was glum. 'Work hard V flay, kid ?" olicitou ly inquired Ed. :'Yes,' '.admi.tted Myrtle, dan"'er.ously clo e to tear . ' "T.oo bad y' d.idn t li.ke the sho,~, Myrt: \\ e'll go hom_(l after thi act, ' aid Ed in 11 tone of kindline~~ ·personifi d . . . ·· . Myrtle gritted her teeth. At home th~ storni burst. Ed, a badly abused and m·isundersto'od man, went out and got drunk. Followed·maO:y drab months of hick >ring. Ed didn't . meas~-re 'UP. to : Myrtle's Chamberesque ideal. "A rag and a bone and a hank of hair " was Ed's unexpress~d opini?n after some months of connubial juxtaposition. A moist; sticky baby could not heal the breach. Aiken tried to _bridge it at it!! largest end and form the usual triangle. Aiken was_ . the manager of the Macerator .L aundry, the possessor of a poly-lunged gasoline guzzler, a· harveyized conscience and a penchant ior· sympathy with pretty ·married women wh9se . home life was not all that it should· be. Robert Chambers and '-'Confession" Jaek O'~rien were too much for Ed junior, so he just .na-turally faded, and in a fit of eolie, shuffled off. Ed se~ior openly sought solace in his slend-er blo11 ~l co-worker. Myrtle Kas diyorced. By th e simple process of continually rebuffing Aiken and his advances, Myrtle l~st her job. Coming out of a Broadway cabaret late one night. she met Ed and his affinity, face to face: "My, what a mush! " snid l\Tyrtle to her companion- meaning the affinity, of course. The blond winced. Myrtle was instantly suffused with happiness. Her escort, well dressed gentleman that he -was, made no comment, but Chamberesquely ushered her to a waiting taxi. " Here," if we· were in on the J•:. P. Roe, ,,. wo ~rld sny " the author lays down his pen. " As it i we will hurry to the mark that makes th e printer seek the enfl . ·rule. lf ~r on are disappointed we ean but offer r·c>grets. Jf you sought a rea l story-writer's ·tor·y \\' <' are sorry . but you share the blame. You see, this i not a r e-gular story- just a l-ittle eross-seetion of that delectable or·- .dispieable thin!! ca ll ed life. �·The Western Comrade .13 Rescu-e the Desorientes B y G. E. BOLTON rr;;!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~ ILLIAM C. OWEN, who thinks so far ~head of and writes so far above his readers that he gets and holds (and possibly wants ) but a limited audience, has summarized the situation Of the :various · labor and· so-called radical movements in America. In .the English section of the Mexican (Spanish ) anarchist 8emanal revohicionario "Regt·neracion" this keen writer points out the political downfall of trade unionists.in San FranciscQ, and derlar s that in J.JOS Angeles, Socialism has been abHorb d by "progressivism' " and that the National Fiocialist Party is harping on the efficiency shown by militarism in Germany. (This to bolster up the theory· of the desirability of state ownership and managemPnt.) 'I'h writ r declares the I. W. W. a busted balloon. As for th e American F ederation of Labor, he says it is "wo rsted invariably in its half-hearted conflicts with capital, and sinks more deeply into the mud of n d spairing conservatism." This, too, before Gompers saved the day for the munition makers, militarists and martinets at the San Francisco convention, where two Socialist delegates nttempterl to work through a r esolution against the prt•parcrlnrss conspiracy and th e attempt to add colll' .. t i VP rnu rc er· t o the hi gh school curri culum. Those who know Gompers and those who sunound hi111 should. howHer, ha\·e liS littl e difficulty in predi•·ti ll g. N xt, t his hrillillnt Anar·chist takes a sharp rap at Anar·chist . He appar·ently agrees with J ean Grave, whom h a r ed its with heing the leading spokesman of th Em·opean group, when he writes that "at this nrhwl hour· the. ar disorganized and more and more 'd<>sori nte ·." (T.Jacldng in pl an-d rifting without tlN;t·inati oll or lmowl ed"C of direction. ) Let u qnote Oweu here: 'Yes ind eed. A movem('nt thn.t t does not und ,. tand that its ba is is the fr•t'<' individ'ual ; that do not understand that freedoonr..\implie 11 h tent ion from inva ion and battle to dt' llth ogai11 t the h~vad e r- uch a movement bas ex nl'll.v the tr· ngth nnd on i t en y of a rope of sand." wen b came n ntionali t 11t th outbreak of the European war. Engli h birth and breeding came to thl' urfll ('(' nnd he how th greate t bitterne again t 111! thing T utonic-hate the "invader.' Th writ r de lare that the- future belongs to Anarchism, for 'man unque tionably is de tined to be free. . But it will be an Anar~hism founded on pFinciple and not the sepsational hodge-podge that ha of late, under tbe)lrivmg of greedy notoriety ·hunters usurped t~e name." (J'S . this a slap at Emma and h r · phalanx of ~Yorsltippmg, vo~unte.er publi~ity agent f) . ' Tfte 'clouds are bre!lking . and 'the great onte t of the future, that between .fr edom and authority, is taking visibl~ ··shape'.''' · This is most encoura.ging and I, for one, aJ.U mclined to agree that the clouds are breaking. A tim of world-wide up'heaval is nearing, but we have too many times seized · the rope only to find it sand. William: C." Qweti has 'spent an active life. For years he has .b een a reb.el against all that restrains the liberty of man: His stern, uncompromising character many times has forc~d. - h\!D . outside the fold. A profound student,· a ·clear thinker, a masterly \\ riter, we see no reason why .he should not make a serious attempt .to orient ·American radicalism. He knows Stirner, .Godwin and Tolstoi (the spontanistics). He has made deep study' of Proudhon, Bakunine, Kropotkin and .Tucker (federalistics) : Why not try it, Y okefellow Owen 7 Here we ar , desoriente-drifting. Whe~e is there a concrete pian·T Will you give us an affirmatiorrY Can you not make· clear to some of the more dense of us- nian._y of whom are groping but' honestly want to know y we are not . seeking a royal ' road to kno\~ledge, ·but there is a short cut that will keep the neophyte out of th morass of confusion. Why not a book that will Jo this for us f Permit us a classification: Owen would decline to be labell ed or tagged, but here is a hazard- he is in doministic, spontanistic and r evolutionary insurgent. Negative to every doctrine of the state. Th er e has been nothing in common as to the basis of mos't of th e teachers of anarchism. Most of them recognize as the supreme law of human procedure .merely a natural law. They d!> not t ell us what tak es place, and ho-;v 'to accelerate its movement, hut merely follow the ge_neti c procedure of telling us what will take place. Shall we follow the altruistic Godwin or the egoi ·tic Stirned :\fany who have known Owen and followed his writings will join this serious suggestion. Will he abandon his plan of "je ne propose rien, je ne sup- . po e rien j 'expose" and provide a compns and a rudder to the American de orientes T �14 The Weste-rn Com ·r ra de -A mong the Immortals By EDMUND R. BRUMBAUGH J OSEPH HILLSTROM-or Joe Hill, ·as he was called MU.rder has been done, but Joe .Hill is the vtetun . . by his comradel>-'sleeps under the sod, his body and not the culprit. His murderers may rejoice, uspierced by the bullets· of an enraged plutocracy. The· tained as they are by the heartfelt approval of the heart that throbbed with love for his fellowns still. enemies and robbers of the ·WOrking class, but their The brain that grew gz:eat with the wisdom of social rejoici.llg will be turned to chagrin and last. protest is at rest. The hands that guided the pencil or ing defeat .be. the sequel t'o their temporary trhimph. brush, placing on paper or canvas their owner's. visiQ!lS . Longing 'for . Liberty -eannot be confined by iron ba.rs of truth and beauty are folded forever. Yesterday, or shot to death ~venin the name of ' 1 law and order" .Joe Hill ~vas but one of us, struggling like us, as best .. and·tbe sacred constitution! It is bound to break forth he knew how, for justice, for liberty,~ for civilization. · ag~in a-rid again, and to grow stronger and stronger, Today he has left us behind, has attained an eminence until tyranny is ~n;tade to flee before it. Force cannot for which few have the strength . . He is among the im- r.estrain it.long; fraud-cannot deceive it; all the money mortals. Socrates, Spartacus, Jesus, Bruno, Savona- 'in the 'worl<.l cannot corrupt it; and half-way measure rola, Wat Tyl er, 'Elijah Lovejoy, John Brown and a ·will fail· to satisfy. host of other dauntless ones whom this same hard path . The martyrdom of November 19 wa ·a hameful have t1·od and who have died for t he truth,· are keep- thing. We .wish from the bottom of our hearts "that in f.( him company. it had not .been. ·But it could not be' prevented. CapiWe, who are trying to build a better. social order, talism controlled. This· martyrdom, therefore, is rio mourn for our martyred comrade. We know he was discouragement'; rather is it the reverse. It is even an no murderer . We know he was no robber. We lmow inspir!ltion, a call to greater dev6tion. Thinking of that he abhorred both murder and robbery with all it, we are lifted aloft; a determination springs up with· the stength of his artist's soul. His was a holy ideal, in us to drive from the earth the system that made and idealists are not criminals. it possible. One Big Union. By . W J. L. ENGDAHL E are told in a seven-line cablegram that a organized workers of the United States. The United Mine Workers of America and the combination of 1,500,000 workingmen ·has been effe t d in Great Britain by the adoption of a draft Western Federation of Miners have been endeavoring constitution linking together the National Union of to amalgamate for years. Of course, they are now Rail\\ ay Men, the Transport Workers' Federation and united in the Mining Department of the American Fed· the Miners' Federation. eration of Labor, but this is a loose organization. Tliere This amalgamation plan got under way before the are half a dozen brotherhoods claiming jurisdiction war started and the fact that action has now been over the w9rkers in the operating departments of the taken shows that the British workers have n ot been nation 's railroads. Nearly a dozen more organizations entirely submerged by the European conflagration. : claim jurisdiction over the men in the railroad shop Germany has demonstrated to the world the value trades, these bein.,. loosely organized into the Railway \>f orga.1:1ization and the socialization of indus~ry, -Qoth Department of the A. F. of L. The International Sea· in peace and in war. It required the war to drive home men's Union, with the Lake Seamen's Union, sees no this le on to other nations, especially Engl~d. It do...-s reason for amalgamating with the Longshoremen's not look a if this. le on had as yet been learned by Union. This goes to show how far the Am~-rican the people of the United States. The sessions _of the worker is behind his British brother i:n unity of effort. Perha'Ps we shall need another Harriman strike, an· next Congre s will tell the story. But we ubmit that the industrial solidarity being other Colorado, IIIDotber struggle on the Great Lahs, shown by the workers. of Great Britain, in uniting into the Atlantic or the Pacific, before the value of sol1one· solid pha18J!IX the .railway men, the· mine·r s. and the darity has been taught the wol'kers. In tbe meantime, tran port worbrs, should be immediately copied by the watcbi the big ~abor combine irn Great Britain. �The Western Comrade 15 Llano del Rio By JOHN DEQUER T HIS will be a short and s. weet description of the an employe in the company in which _you are a stockLl-ano del Rio Colony, just as I found it. It is hqlder. You have then first right as a stockl1oldernot Socialism--you cannot build heaven in that is, a part owne:r of the corporation-and next you hell. It is a business enterprise, conducted on business are a worker for the corporation of which you are an principles, for practical r esults: The colony is not con- employe. The lay• ther.efore covers you twice as an cerned with individual ideals, but with ways and means owner and a ·worker. .A little thought make it to get food, clothing and shelter. When these are se- plain; the ~~ate law deals with . corporations who hire c-ure, then, if you are idealisti c, your ideals can grow. help. The stoc:khol<Jers work not-they are interested The colony is not a full and p erfect democracy. There through the investment. Laborers are supposed to be is only one place in which democracy is complete- hired and fired by the directors or the ''agents.'' Thus that is in the choice of directors. Th ese directors have it is that the Llano del Rio Colony is organized to 1o do with th e business of the -corporation and appoint comply with the law; but the work is don e hy the supe rintendents, managers, etc. Th ey take your ap- owners (stockholders ) ,· under a working contract. The work er-o wner is under . . . plication , ad mit you to a working contract, and if ~----------------------------------~ a board of dit·ectors. And your influence IS detrithe board of directors is rementa 1 to the good of the ~ponsible under th e law and subject to recall by the enterprise, they discharge yo u. This may sound unstockholders. Th e colony does not .aim idealistic, but it is in acto set up a new form of govcord with the law of the . ernment over its wor~ing state, and we must be in accord with it if we wish to members; where there is no law there . is no transgressucceed. The recall of the sion,. from which we take· directors, held in the hands it that where laws are mulof the stockholders, safegua1·ds the abuse o# this tiplied transgression follows. Now, · the State of power. California has five thousThe law of the state iaand laws which we are vors corporations organized bound• to obey, in the colon business lines. That is: · Workers returning from the fields at the end of a ony or out. That is quite go v e r n e d by directors sunny December day. Community photographs take enough- it is not the aim of elected by stockholders. on a n ew, artistic touch under the hands of Comrade Kempf. th e community to add to When you pay in your inthis bm·den. The best we itial payment you tak\- out stock. This makes you a stockholder and the direc- can do is to build an industrial village wh ere the con tors are responsible, under the law, for the investment. ditions of employment shall be just, the products 'rhey are legally bound to work for your interest as a equitably shared; where sanitary an:d hygienic factors stockholder. 1 This is your relation to the company. g~t due consideration, and wh ere socially created You can hold stock and not go to the colony at all. wealth will ultimately redound to the benefit of all. And I »are say that is a safe investment-far safer Therefore, when you come to Llano, come to go to than an~thing I know of. work with your comrades, and not to make rules and Bradstreet shows that when a man goes into busi- regulations. He who goes to Llano goes to raise alfalfa, ness there are ninety-five out of a hundred chances chickens, wheat, rabbits, potatoes, beef, garden truck, against him. Llano has at least ninety-five out of every for the common weal of all. If you have legislative hundred chances to win. To become a stockholder in ambitions, go into politics and get ~lected to the state itself is desirable. When you have paid in your $1000 house. T.Jiano is a corporation under the laws of capiinitial payment fee, you get a worldng contract, and talism, where the owners are the workers, and receive (Continued on Page 25) you take up your residence at the colony and become will �An After-Thought \ Child Labor Exploiter as Santa Claus'-"Sure kid, we didn't forget you! Here's a nice new factory whistle we've been putting up for you. You'll hear this one, so you needn't be late to work and get docked next - Drawn fo,. T!. , W utrr n ��18 "N The Western Comrade Llano Colonists Are OT since the big wind,'' is an expt·ession that henceforth will have some By R. K. meaning at the Llano del Hio Community. Friday, ...... . night, December 3, was an eventfu l one in the history of the colony. The gale that swept the entire Pacific coast and wrought such havoc everywhere did not spare Llano and the southwest. The storm swept down on us with a fury never· before experienced in this valley. Our adobe houses stood like granite a nd not one of the completed structures was damaged hy wind or rain. Two dozen of the tent houses were blown down Storming in the Mountains; Sunshine on the Lla~o. Picture Shows the and a few of them were whipped to ribbons. At about 10:30 o'clock at night a great black cloud formed in a boot- hension among the inhabita.n ts. Mutual assistanc·e was shape which hovered for a long time. over the city. given in the darkness and it· was not long before. th~ The toe lost particles of clouds from time to time and homeless families were inade partially comfortable for swirled off into the mountain range behind. For the balance of the night. When daylight dawned a scene of wreckage was more than half an hour before the wind storm broke a roar could be heard in the foothills resembling the everywhere visible. Furniture, washp,ans, beds, bedding and wearing apparel were blown about indissound of a giant cataract. The wind was almost continuous until after 2 o'clock criminately and lodged here and there against the Saturday morning, viciously wiping out tents and fences. Bedding in the municipal or transient tents ' tearing off the heavy porch of the hotel. The noise was thoroughly drenched, but thanks to a hot sun. of th e wind and the sounds of household goods careen- quickly dried on the fence. Men and women turned ing drun1<enly about the streets lent a sort of terror out ·without waiting for suggestions and helped one another in a · truly harmonious way. More than 100 hard to describe. As tent after tent collapsed or was swept from its men, women and children were homeless, but were moorings the people gathered in the hotel or in the more or less comfortably housed within two or three adobe homes of ft·iends and waited for a cessation hours after daylight and the work of rebuilding tents and fallen frames began. A roof was quickly placed of the temfest. .. Tent houses were twisted and torn and blown from on the unfinished office building and beds placed foundations, but fortunately not a person was in- within which was quickly filled by people. Work of repairing the hotel was started soon after breakjure~ although many had narrow escapes from flying debris. The adobe homes stood up with rock solidity, fast and before noon all the damage to the roof proper showing that even a four-inch wall, as these adobes was repaired, although the porch itself was not reare, can withstand very vigorous wind and 'rain placed. Probably the porch would have stood up storms. It is understood that the adobes so far built against the blast had the beams been anchored to th(· are of a temporary nature and should permanent big stone supports. Only necessary work on the ranch was-done durin!! buildings be erected of this material, thicker walls the two succeeding days as the housing force devoted would obtain. There was little confusion and but slight appre- all energies to reinstating a normal condition. Work �The Western Comr-ade Undaunted by Storm WILLIAMS !'<ew Dairy Barns. Silo, Rabbitry , and a Portion of the Poultry of repair is still gomg on and will continue until eomplete and the repair work on the tents and the new tents will be of a more substantial nature. More braces will be placed and the frames strengthened in every way. However, there is consolation in the fact that the wind and rain was general up and down the mountainous coast region. M:ICh harder winds. blew to the north and more copious rains fell to the south. The trouble is, we were not prepared for such a shaking up of the elements and gives a salutary lesson that more substantial buildings are nec.essary. As a mattrr of fact, had we been sheltered within solid wooden buildings or adobe none of the disagreeable features attendant upon this incident would be ours. As it is, considerable time has been lost and some setback in the field work will be· evidenced. Notwithstanding the general disruption of the even trnor of our way, the calamitous weather did not affect or dampen the spirit of the colonists to have fun. The usual Satwday night dance was held and nearly all of the hom~l ess people esconced in temporary quarters ctanced about the spacious dance hall with the usual Yim. After all, depression and happiness is a state of 111i nd . It would J'equire more than a windstorm to daunt . the bold hearts of the Llano colonists who bore the ha rdships with true pioneer spirit. · 19 Snow covers the mountains south of Llano and gladdens the eye and . feelingli, as we are warm. and comfortable d9wn here, while we know it is cold up there. Much of the snow that fell Friday night and Saturday morning on the low foothills has vanished .u,nder the sun and even, now a difference in the vegetation can be seen and some chaJ?ge in the water supply is slightly visible. The snow in the Sierra Madres south of us supplies very largely and regulates the Big Rock flow. More snow will fall in the rp.i_g hty gashes during the winter and when the Department. warm sun of spring gets around to us, the condensed waters will contribute toward making these lands among the most productive to be found anyw~ere in all. great, fertile California. The garden season is practically over and work is now under way clearing and preparing lands for next s·p ring 's planting near the Tighlman place, although the number of acres· may be increased. Near the first of the year plantin-g of fru.i t trees will begin on a little more than two hundred acres. The orchard will contain nearly all varieties of fruit trees, such as pear, apple, peach, olive, et~. Clearing is going on at the present time on sections 34 and 35. It will not be long until clearing work on these 1280 acres will have been finished. 'l'wo hundred acres of alfalfa will be planted in the spring close to the source of water supply. A good deal ol' the land. is now cieared and the remainder will be cleared, plowed and worked in time for spring planting. . It is planned to move the hennery up to the west end of Tighlman 's an:l build substantial adobe chicken, brooder and incubator houses and fix the place up in a thoroughly up-to-date manner. The chickens will have as much alfalfa to run on as thought desirable and will be sheltered from the west winds by the foothills and the tall row of trees that extend to the north of the place . The boiler for the steam laundry is now being placed �20 The Western Comrade \Ve are working t 'ward a better organiza tion all the time. Thin~rs generally are taking on a more substantial character of solidarity. A, time goe on a new knowledge of identity of interest manifests itself. A new and stronger understanding of our mission out here on this prolific plain becomes vi ible. The cobwebs of mystery are disappearing and impractical ideals are being left behind: Llano Lads, Imbued :With Cooperative Spirit, Building Their Adobe "Clubhouse." Soon the knowledge will . . become common that our and soon thc . machin ery to do washing for the colony interests here are _identical and when that is thoroughwill he established and our troubles in this direction ly unde~stood life will· broaden for us all. will be at an Pnd. A IJPW industrial field op~ns with The · reason for the existence of the Llano del R' o the opening of the doors of the wash house. Douorless Corporati"On. is s.o plain and apparent that it is mystia hid will he rnadf' for husiness in the surrounding towns fying, for ::.s a rule we are always looking for someof the valley . thing that does not exist. Th e bakery has introduf'cd an oil burning system People eomr to us filled with vagaries. ·where they displacing th e cumhersomP and rostly wood fire , so that get t.hPm it is hard to determine. Newcomers arrived now two hakings of l::!fi loavrs c·an he had at a cost of 4-0 herr fillrd with id<,'alism and notions of a weird form cents outlay. At pr·rspnt thr bread consumption of OPmoeraey that arc utterly OUt of place in an instiaveragrs 2!'i0 lOai'('S daily . Of ro.UrSP, there arc many tution dealing with things . and practicalities. It colonists who hake hr·c·ad in their own homes. mnst be insisted that if ~hiR colony is to exist we must Th e orrhestra has heen rc•qurstPd and acceded to the follow the \Yell tried and wrought out formulas of corr equest that music• he fnr·nisiH•d 11t rvening meals at porations organized nuder rapitalism. We cannot hopr least tl1l'rc times a Jvrrk. Tlw worl"< of the orc·hrstra to win in the desprrate fight for competence if we has been mneh improvrd and rnlargcd by the addition drYiate from the plans that have proven success in of sevr1·al artists. Mr'. Copley is always looking for thr outside world. Those who imagine. as some of talent and a hrn rty inYita t ion is <'X tended to anyone onr nrwromrr. do, that a• complete revolution of thr who can play. methods of !!'Ptting must immediately obtain upon While musi c at mf'als <loPs not tal<e the place of food arrival here, are due for a shock. '\Ve are not attemptsubstantials it adcls matrJ·inll~' to the 7.l'St of rating and in::r an Utopian phantasmagoria, hut are constant]~' tal<es one away from thr mrarH.'J' things of the physical draling with things of life. nature and harnPss and world.· This sor-t of' thing shonl<l receive all poss1hlr horsrs, plows, \1-ood cutting and the building of hom es. encouragement. 1 i1 ordrr to snrrerd. ancl we are succeeding hryond W. H . P etPrson has opene<l a studio in which he what th e fonndrrs of this institution had hoprd for , as teacHes many clif'f't•r·pnt l\in<ls of iJistr-umpnts, sperializ- th r prrsrnt eit ~r an<l (lcve lopmrnt that is to he found ing on the violin. C'mnr·a<k Pd r r~on has hnd conside r·- h r1·r ra n show. wr must foliow out the lines laid down 1\able exprrinwr along thrsr linrs nnd is eminrntly qnal- h~, or::r11nized rapitalism and'"11se the same tools that it ~fied to tNJC'h orehrst r·al instruments. ITr is husy with is fighting and struggling with. pupils most of 'thr time lllHl puts in ronside1·ably more Will it Her hr helirv<'d that most of our benef'it than eight hom·s JH'l' dny. Th r rolony is enrirhrd hy the arisr from the mf'thorl of getting a liYing ? This qu espresence of l\Tr. Prtrrson. Tn addition to the above ac- tion hreomes mor·c r eal whrn we are on the ground complishments h r is an rxprrt rahhit hreedr r nnd working out this prohlem. Tt i~; an aphorism tha.t our spends a part of th e day hrlping Manager Kilmer at ethies and mor11ls flow from our e4lonomir condition. the rabbitry. Feed the inner man and bring to him machinery of pro- �Tke Western Comrade 21 duction suited to his use and he will by natural process HOlve into a society suited. t~l 1 needs. "' c ar , fi;st of a)\: trying to solve the question of food supply. Last year we raised al'most seventy per t PJJt of what we consumed. :\ext yea r w • will do Yery much better than that. \Ve have within ou r· g rasp opportunities neYer hoped for Ly the wor·king class of any country. We have a vriucipa.lity in the making, l!ut to assurr many doubtLooking Across Swimming Pool Toward Solarium and· Colony Tent Honses iug ones, th e first duty hPre is not to set up a govt•rllrn Pnt with which to gnidr ourseiYes. Th e laws of of thr month · rolls hy ther e. are no bills to me t, no (';di fo rnia han" tal<<'Jl ca r e of that . Th e r eason for· worri es over· the landlor·d bothering you, there are comsayi ng this is that arguments ha,·e taken place on Uris pensations. And, .a nyway, 'we all came here, or should \'Pry point. :tvrany people living in and around Marietta have, with the understanding that there is a certain ha1·e asked this question. Somr of our Washington and amount of pioneering to do, and should it become nausIdaho fr·iends do not yet seem to understand that we eous or irksome the same old blighted world of strugar·c a business roncern, incorporatcu under the laws of gling competition is open and the oft ha·n ded and fain t !his state; that a hoar·d of managers stands betwern hearted should seek its kindness. This is a ver·y human pla ce.. \\Te are composed of thr hody politic and the state; that th e board of director·s is responsible fot· th e actions of the individual in men and women of radi ral thought ajong every line of ' thr rolony 11nd should defalcation of mismanagement human end ra\'Ol'. To amalgamate these iu the disideraarisr, th ry and not the colonists ,,;ould hr str·ippcd to . tum. One of the most cliffi('ult things for a person to mal\e good the debts of thr corporation ; that power of do is to stand in .the othrr fellow 's pla<lc and see 'l10w hir·ing 11nd di charging li rs with the hoard and should he would frel had. a eerta in thing been· done. Those a r-hn n~re hr desired in thi re. peet the only cou rse to that attempt to always {.!.'ive more th11n they expect to follow would he to repeal a state l11w and r ecall t he receive come t·losrst to the proper way of t hinking. Before closi ng JWr·mit us to r r \"Pt't a moment to the ho~rd. 'l'o take th r power of: discharge f rom the honrd ';; hnnds w ould hr a hid for anarchy and chaos. necessity of having 11n or·ganized control , the power of An org11nizrrL rcntral ront rol is ahsolutrly neccs- dischal·!!e to prot ret the collectivity against the indiYiduals. Wh en a n or··ganization of men hand together ~~~ ~·~· in the JH'rsent. t11gc of eYolution towa rd P.ot•ialism . Thr ei utillatin~ rays of nafional or world Socialism to iiC'('Omplish somrth in g for· th eir own benefit, or. to nr· hut dimly ren ovrr the eastern horizon. As long more str ongly build 11 lahor craft into 11. more formidns thr grind o'f the wh eels of the ju!!gemaught c11uses ahlc riva-l of t h(' ent rr.nrhed intcrrsts, hir·elings come !rnr-. and g-r·oans and r oh infa n ts of their tnw hrri- amo ng thrm . '!'his ca.n certainly he look d for. The ancient fi ghts against tyranny for hundreds and thouRIUI!l' no inst itution ' urrounded h) thr competitive systPm will Jon¢ sttrceed iu i~s fight if other thll n capital- ands of yea I'll lost the fight he~ausc ·of th spy. Rpar·taens, Drei rmrkos, and othrrs of the elder world, and iRf it· me11 ns be used. Once nor·e, this corpor·ation differ. from th e VIe. tern Jesus lost the f ight and li fe hecause of t he t reachery of the hired spy. J,abor oqnr nizations thr world over· tol'nion .. landard Oil or the . onthern Paeific in thi rr 'l r d only: that the profit. of thi. con t•er·n goes to the d ll ~· · a rr filled with thf'm. \Yhy should we he ·exrmpt . tn,·kholtl <'r. with wOJ·king eontract. actually wor·king. from thi: form of disru ption ? \\'c arc iloing something. nnrl thnt tlr r ir· food, hclter and elothing are assured. \ Ve arc free in g thosr who join us from the terrors of \\'., mij!ht nlll kr apolo~rir. for ome of our food. tne the truggle and pointing a lesson to ·tlrr worW. R enee, l:h' k f mor·e t' OII1 fortn hlr he Iter 11nd the pau ity of we look fo r thr di.-ruptrr and spy. History warrants nm· rlothing. yet when one con. ider that wl1en the end it. exper ience a nd safe~y drmand it. �T he Western Comrade 22 The· Wonders of Llano By JOSE P H D. CANNON T HE writer of the following article has spent a lifetime in the La.bor and Socialist Movements. He is known in every state in the Uniqn and loved by kis comrades everywhere, and admired by the i11dustrial overlords from , whom ·he has wrested many victories for the workers. As he was a delegate to the Western .Federation of Miners to the recent A. F. of L. cbnventlon at San Francisco, Cemrade Cannon decided to visit the Llano del Ri.o Co-opecative Community. This story wa.s written shortly after several days' sojourn· at Lfano.-Editor's note·. P IC'fURE if you can a scene of bustling activity where the mere onlooker seems . so certainly out of plac_e, and where the motive is not one of profit making or wealth accumulatioJl for a few favored individuals-where grSJed is not the master, at the crack of whose whip the toilers, in fear for their food, clothing and shelter, spring to · new and overtaxing cff0rts-and wlilat you will see in Llano, Llano del Rio, iu the sunny Antelope Valley of Southern California. It is the colony of which you have probably heard more or less, and where co-operation is the motive of the wo!'l<ers- and all arc owners as well as· workers. Here a man·el is being wrought, while the scoffer, unaware of the project's assured success, continues to direct his how stingless darts. A deser-t is being turned into a garden, and a soil which hore naught but cactus, sage and chaparral is r·esound in g to the call of the husbandmen with teeming crops of great variety. l<..,onr men and a horse,. on a then desert waste, eighteen months ago, with nothing but a vision to urge them on, have already shown how well founded was t heir faith; fqr now there are more than six hundred souls, men, women ani children, in the colony at f.Jlarto. Sixty to seventy horses are there instead of one-and these a r·e not sufficient for the work that is there for them to do. Over one hundred head of Jersey and Holstein cows make up the dairy I_Jerd, and this number is increasing rapidly. Of· chickens there seemed many hundreds, all of fancy stock, from which great returns will be sure to accrue. The rabbitry is far from being the least interesting merit in the colony 's growing prospects. Right now, in December, eighty per cent of the wor·kers are f'mployed in clearing ground and planting crops, mostly gr·ain, which will be followed by alfalfa. Next spring .one hundred and twenty-five acr es will be put into garden truck, all for home consumption. Already the colony has its own nursery; and great or·c~ ards are being set out. Pears do wonderfully well ; and soon "Llano Pears" shall be one of the fancy staples in t he grocery world. Bu t peaches, apples, grapes and some other fruits are giving great promise, and: as rapldl:y a_s- it can be done new ground is being '-hrokefi ana new and varied orchards, as well as other crops, being put in. There is water sufficient to irrigate not less than twenty thousand acres, with probabilities of enough more being conserved to increase that acreage by fifty per .c·e nt. The colony at present has not that much landJ but its holdings are steadily being increased and it will ultim'a tely have all for which it can develop wate'~. · There are two sources for the supply. · One is a tunnel a mile o'r so in length, from which runs a constant stream o£ nearly ice cold, pure water, enough to supply the (lomesti.c· requirements of the colony for all time. · The other is the flow from the ever-melting snows of ·the mountains. This will not only irrigate their lan.ds, but it will lig·ht and heat their homes and shops, turn the wheels of their power machines and eventually transport them and th~ir goods to and from market. For conservation they have a splendid dam ~ite, and for power plants they have 'many adv11ntageous loca· tions where the mountai·n stream will generat.e their electricit:y. With but little difference in labor cost the colonists have the choice of granite, gray sandstone, concrete or brick, all on their own ground, from which to select their building material. .Ground is about to be broken for a $5000 school, which will be the first building on the permanent town site of Llano. But speaking of schools: the children from two years and up are in school. The Montessori method is in most successfu·I operation and the graded schools are ·doing splendid work. La.st but not least is the night schools at which t he workers are given the advantage of lecture courses not usually heard outside of colleges, and at which there are always many students. In ad· dition to this there is a public library which is growing in size and worth, and in which there are always large numbers of r eaders. There are many more interesting features. The machine shop, the cabinet shop, the building department, and many others too numerous to list, but all of which are so worth while. It is not the intent of the colony to sell milk f rom its great dafy herds, but butter and cheese. Pt'lt �T}l,e Wes t ern Co rade LJ:ano will be modern. I h i ' ·ill not be old merely as hide.s, but truggl to win, and oppo ition to · as shoos, glove , belts or other fin/. bed products. The bares will overeome, but i · in a position to produce not .only meat for the eol- do the e. I · increasing in Yalue oni!ilts, bu the mo t attraeti•e furs. and it can peak right now m dol_·o article as far as it can be ar- lars and cents mo t conYineingly. ranged wiU be produced to ell I ts lands and water are easily j ust as . arw material, but a fin- worth . 150 000. It herds and machinery just as much. And this- -· ished product. Already more has been achieved all of this-belong · o the men in eighteen months than t he four · who are doing the work. Every wise tnen with the horse thought toiler is working fo.r the benefit ot' po'!sihle in ten years-and as yet the colony, and th'e eolon i tb<> the colony is in swaddling clothes. reward of every toiler. \\ratch it wh6n it really begins to Llano will demonstr~te that eomove; when its orchards are bear- operation i a greater success than ing in full and its herds doing more even the advocates of co-'operation than merely increasing. heretofor e claimed. The exican People Their Struggle for .F reedom. By · L. Gutlerre:t de Lua and Edgcumb Plnchon Socialism Strikes Millville (Continued f rom ' Page 10) ··xplain, and T says to myself, " Just thought !" when t he man shouted at her again: " Oh, I r emember now, honey. Look in t hat book on Rhode Island H<>dHens!'' 1 almost fainted. She got th e book out of a drawer nnu run through the leaves till she fou nd the paper. It didn't even hnve a ribbon tied around it, with prPtty verses, like is the style nowa days- just a plain slip. I looked nt t he date carefully and it seemed all right, but th e little girl might he small for her age. Mrs. Bricklav r had her hand on her face fll;rl h r back turned, and the Widow St eP.!e says to her, "Don't (· !'.". vV don 't aim to hurt your l'rt'lin 's. It' just the rules of the !'luh. and I'm ashamed of myself." Th!' widow's good hearted, but as l . nid, she ha n 't much sense. She didn't rPalize the verv ofa she was .~itt ing 'on might be· stuffed with ·· sOme deadly powder. T ~r,.. Bri kin ·er ays, no indeed, he wn. u '-t rying, and she'd be deligi\'Yt>tl to orne to the club. I !;!tabbed the "ridow ' arm and hur. d out a fa t as I could l didn't peak until we had turned th corner . " " af ! " I ay , then. "Safe, t nnk God!" " afet" ay th widow. "Wha' da ya m an f Quit pincllin ' my ns 1 T arm!» " Didn't you notice f" " Notioe what!" " Th e books!" She just stared. · " Her -digging in the gardenf" "What of it 1 Don't we all dig' in the garden?" . '' But the gloves! . Aren't gloves non-conductors or something? •' . . Th e widow stared in her stupid way. " ' Vhat yu talkin' about?" · ''And the sputter in the bedroom ? Those people are menaces! And did you notice how her eyes shone when she heard that man coming up . the steps?" "Huh'" . "And the way he looked at her f A~1d called her 'honey ?' and didyou--see-what-be-did f'' "WhaU" T whisper ed it. "Kissed her!" At last t>ven Martha, stupid and unedu cated as she is, saw. " And they bt>en married seven VNlrS! For the land sakes r" · " even years!" I says, "Mark my words, Lucy Steele, certificate or no certificate, there's something irregular about that family! And heaven help me! I've just thought of something e)se !" " T at right down on a dusty tump in my best dress, I was so weak My husband, the Jud~e, hag · alway been attractive to ladies. Wllat if that woman should set her cap for him f I rocked and sobbed. " What's the matter with yn! Ge uu! • the widow kept saying. "Oh. Lucy Steele ! Lucy Steele !" wa all I could say. "You ought to be JZlad your husband's safe buried! " # Each new bat tie' or the bloody revo· lutlon In Mexico makcH this book the more vnhrable. It Ia the moet remark• able as well as th m ost Intelligent Interpretation or underlying m otives. Every one should have this book In his library. We are raat closing out our remainIng copies or "The Meirtcan People." IC you hurry you ean get In on tMJ combination orrer of The W estern Comrade and tht• book f or only ft.'T&. Addrna The W..t'em Comrue, Clr• eutatlon Mana~r, 1121 f·llcro lna- llfdo., Loa AnQel•, Cal. ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.. �The Western Comrade 24 ew From the Front Ignorance is the Great Curse! Do you know, for instance, the scientific c\itference between Jo.-e and rJasslon? Human life is full of hideeus exhibits of wretchedness due a nce or sexua_l normality. tp Ignor- Stupid, pernicious. prudery Ion" has blinded us to ~;,exu_al truth: Science was slow in entering this vital field. - In recent years commerclalists ~:Jyelng profits have unloaded many un~cientific and dangerous sex books. Now, the world'!! great scientific minds :are dealing with this f?libject upon which human happiness often depends. No longer is the subject taboo a mong intelligent people. · We take pleasure in offering to the American .public the work of one of the world's greatest authoriti-es upon the question of sexual life. He is August Fore!, M. D., . Ph. D., LL. D., of Zurich, Switzerland. His book will open your eyes to yourself and explain many my.s terles,. You will be better for th is knowledge. 11vcry professional man and woman, those dealing with .social, medjcal, airninal, legal, religious and educational matters will find this book ot imm(ldlate value. Nurses, police olliclals, heads of public institutions, ' writer s, judges, clergymen and teachers are urged to get this book at once. T he subject is treated from e very point of view. The cha pte~ on· "love a nd other irradiations of the sexual appetite" is a profound exposition of sex e motions- Contracepti ve means discussed-Degeneracy exposedA guide to all in domestic relations- A great book by a great man. "'I'he Sexual Question" Heretofore sold by s ubscription, only to physicians. Now olrered to the public. Written in plain terms. Former price $5.50. Now s ent pre· pa id fo r $1 .60. This is the r ev ised and eniarged Marshall English translation. Send check , money order or stamps. . Gotham Book Society, Dept. 387 General Dealer a in Books. Sent on Mail Order BEprepare 1 for a thrillN·. llere ';,. till' lntt.- ·t from t h<:> front and i, )!OOd for "top right. with eight-col. ·earehead. ( hlood-n·d ink pleas('. :\Ir. Pre· man) .. fot· auy highmind t.·d. y('llow-fen•r('d new paper: The Kaisl'r has a ( 01' tlw ) ?.elle!teWI'· heutzneudung. l this n form of !Jaete ria ~ 1 f it i, . ht.>WI\1'(' ~ )\o"'· t'\'l'ITOue j,nows that ·mo. t mnla dil•s at:C' t'Hn.·1•d fi'Olll OY('t'ititlul!tt'tH· t' ·in micr lht'S. llu r <' \·en t ht·u. t ht.' mil'rOh('!' eould all b(' .plat·Pd on the point of n llt' tlle aud not Olll' tnil· l'Obt' W OHl.J l!l't shH'k. XO\Y tnkt• H 111'\'lllt?-poiut {'ull or tlws 1!1'1'111 tlistrihult~rs 'int o yo\ll' S' · n •u1 lliHl within n fP \\' 'week · timr wnk (' up .·onH mot·ning wit h n zrlll'l!''''·rh<'ntznrudtml! . in ·i de of \·ou. ~hnd<·s of a ditHJ!UIIll'! · Tnke a trip bark into the oc n r ngr \\·hrn mi (' t·ohps wr1·r thr izc of ~·o111: rmplo~·e r ·~ l1ome ' 11nd WE>nt ;ti'OIIIlll nt l'f'!!llltll' ]1rriotJR di. trnlnting th Pit· Pnlezoir I!E'rms. ~ up­ pmw ~· ou \\'r t·r lora trrl on a high ,.Jjfl' HIHl on r fin<' 'dnv received n ,·isit fro.m n few of thrse nice big grl'lns. Then nftrr n fpw hundr rl ~· Ntt·s \\'tnt h~- yon wol;c up one (\R)' "·ith n t· ot·~· phodonia inside of you T \\' hil r ~·out· . hnrlilr t·_in~ get down on vout· knre. ;mel frrvrn1lv thnnl; ~· ot;,. rmp loyrt· 1s f!OO that you ar tlog-gonr l!lnd ~·on t·r li,·ing- in tl1r t•nl ightrnNl 'ag<' of C'lHistinnity and tlt11t no mattpr· what hnpprnR .fOil •·a n ll P \ '<' 1' w11kr up with nn_vthing \\'Ol'SI' in. i<lP ~· 011 th1111 :1 7.Pllf'g'eWI'· ht' nfzn PtHlnn g.-- F'. H. W . . 142 W est 23rd St., New York, N.Y. Pro pcrou 1915 H .\~ Dawson's Dermal Cream l'l'l'n~nts \\Tinkl es. oftcns and beautifie skin.· R emoves freckles, tan . nioth patches and all di colorations. Greatest beautifier of · the R"'C. . One Ounce Jar 60c Postpaid t>re,lared By D R. ELIZABETH DAWSON '1' lepbone Home A-4533 Llano, cant. Home A-2003 Main 619 HARRIMAN & RYCKMAN A. J. STEV-E NS Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. Dentist 306 South Broadway Room 51-4 Los An~eles, Cal. tlw lfll:i prospet·it.'· huhiJI•· hrok1·n ? Thousands of hnsinrss homP~ in thr T'nitrtl :;;tnt<'H. liHill~· long f•stahli lwd , hnrkl' nNl to thl' pi'OSJWt·ity <·all . onl.v to find it a . irt>u hlowinl! thrir drath krwll. This SOli!!' of )H'OSJWI'if~· ROIIIlds likr• n dt NIP pinno without n sonwli iH!-hont·d . Jt gin forth :in llTl· h:umouions. !!l'ating, tin-like noi ·e tlint ·hows up its fal sity whl'n lh•• fi t·st uotl' i~ stl'llek. ~ow that l !JW is upon 11 · • will ra pitali~;m , till dt·· ludl' tl1 1' pt•opll' with it<; fal rtH'~" ~ \\'ill \\' t• !!O thi'OII!!'h nnoflwr yrat· ,,f huuko- withont waldngT .. o fal'-:l · \\'I' ran er. till' onl_r on : who :II'<' .. hi I' I'd " with pr·o~­ JWr ity an• munition maJlltfat•tur••r' . �The Western Comrade Llano -del Rio (Continued from Page 15) t heir· own as they produce it. The Read ·the Gateway to Freedom wage basis is set for a figuring carefully, in the light of what I hase, as well as to comply with have written you. Remember it legal requirements. · was written by men large in tile 'l'he ' company figures ifself in faith, and is, minor point , · debt to you at the rate of four dol- strong-yes, perhap overdrawn---:' lars a day and when it begins to but ' not in the possibilities-they· pay out you wiU ha,·e yours forth- are not overdrawn in any of the · " · · ··oming-and it will pay out, as we literature. haYe th e climate, soil and water to If you intend to join, comrades, do it. now is the time to take out an· inThe land is easily cleared and stallment membership, at least: Get l,·n·lcu, and the water is aYailable. in, I advise you; for if you can only pay part of the money,. it _is. l ~.v puttin g in a dam in a nearby ,tream a laiH' will he fo rmed of my conviction that the time "is near wh en men will giYe the pr-emium j()()() ar r·cs area ,, holding mQre than t•· n fr<•t of water· O\'er the greater to get L lano stock and a chance· to · · ·. pal't. of its a t·r (t. This lake will en- enter the colon3'· h:nu• r th e -,·a lnc of the pt·operty Do not think I haYe been swept 111i llion s of dollars 11 nd will cause off my feet. No, .n ot I! .Afte ~ calm th•• drscrt to look like the map of investigation_ I drew my own conlrr land . Th e only danger is that elusions; saw it all, and am now · telling you, commdes, r ealizing that 1110 many coo ks will spoil th e broth. Dist> iplinc is essential to success. should I lie or misrepr·esent I would· justly lose my place as an efficient ~~ill t hr colony is not und emocratic. Th t>y have their assembly where the agitator in the cause we love. I , n111k and fil e discuss the problems. then •fore, say agaiu that. I am conThe mar111gcrs' meet in gs ever y \'inccd f rom a business standpoint, t>Yrning are opc·n to th e member·- r~Iano is safe. Safe as anything unship. Goocl id c11s are at 1111 times der capitalism can be. Let us r eview the possibilities: welcome. H et·e is the Antelope Valley, in The social lifr. r \·pn now, is' a tn•at. Th e shor·t work day gives fa ct a part of t he great l\[ojave oppor·tunit.y fo r· r·rr rcation. Music d cser·t, stretching away as far as and song , t'<' heard even in t hese t h_e eyes can see-land that has · pionrering days. Ther·e 'are no re- lain dormant fo t· ·ages, because it st r·ictions in the colony that are n ot was not water·ed. The colony · has t'onnd in th e rest of the wol'ld. Tt mean at its disposal to put water is th e 11im of th e hoard to give as on th e land. Onre this rich pli! in- which in lnrl:•' a m e~t s m·c of f reedom to the intii ,·idnal 11s possiblr 11nd still he it s dry state is ndneless- is •·on. i tant t o the w<'lfm·e of th e to uc·hed hy water· and the plow, ,. mrnunitv. a w ritable gold min e of virgin 'l'he roiony is a work proposi- strength is tapped: This land will tio n in 11 workaday world, and aims yield its wea lth of f ruit and grain, at turning the pt·odnct . oci111ly of beef, wool. A glance at the trees •·r•·a ted to the soc ial enjoyment of a lready g r·own. and at the growing · thP e omnrynit~'. accOl'ding to the alflalfa : multiply that by the exrn l<' " eac·h nccording to his deeds. " tent of the desert,' and the possiWhen y01i com e. eomrndes (and bilities of the water ankl there opens ~-ou ,~]] romp sooner or later). do 'before your eyes a v ision of plenty not t>X\wct to enter another world, and growth that baffl ~s th e imfor. if yon do. you ·will be di ap- a~rination. . I realize we are ea ilv baffled. point<'d: hut eome to eo-operate in tlr•· :trnggle against capitalism ex- \\-e look at eYer·ything ·from· the ploihl tion of the indh·idual. hv indiYiduali tic tandpoint. But lwnding to17:ethet· for mutual good. when yon multiply the individual in ~u eh a wav that the law ca nnot power by 1000 and equip them witu rl .. <tro~· us- and we <'llnnot de froy machinery of production such as Hd t other. . cien 'e has placed at our command. in· Your Combings made into switches for one dollar, post))aid. • .:P-EARSON'S W~k gW~rC~~~tnd. MRS. E. TURNW ALL Llano, Cal. . . . .. . is the only Magazine of its kind This is whY:- :rhree years· ago Pearson's decided t~ be .a free magazine. This is. what it did:ABANDONED FA CY COVERS . CUT OUT COLORED PICTURES ADOPTED PLAL PAPER This was the putpose:A plain fonn would . enable the magazine to live on its income from subscript iems and mon thly sales·. It would not' have to consider the effect on advertisers when it wanted to print the truth about any public question. · This was the result:.- Pearson's now prints the truth about smne ques~hich. aQectsyourwelfare in every issue. It prints [acts which ~no magazine that depends on • advertising could "afford '' to print. And, with all this, Pearsons still prints as much fiction and entertainment articles as other magazines. If you want plain facts instead of pretty pictures buy a copy on the news stand for 15 cents, or subscribe by the year for $1.50. By special arr-angement with Pearson's we are able to make you the following clubbing offer. You can get botn PEARSON' S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN CO.MRADE for one year by sending $1 .50 (the price of Pearson's alone) to The Western Comrade 923 HIGGINS BLDG. LOS ANGELES, CALIF• �26 The Wes t er n Com r a de Our Greatest Offer! Here is a combination offer of The American Socialist, official orga.n of the National Socilillst P arty, the famou s "1914 National _Campaign Book" and The Western Com rade that not one ·reader of The Western Comrade can afford t~ let slip by. The ·America n Socialist for one year is . .. ... . . . $ ;50 The 1914 Campai gn Book . _.oO The Western Com rade for one year is. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 Total .. ..... ..•. ...... .. . $2.00 We w ill make y ou a combination of the abovi' for just $ 1.35 Take advantage of this offer now! Address : Circu lation Manager THE W ES TE RN COMRADE 923 Higgins Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. the horizon of possibilities widens and widens. Aside from the soil, the water and the co-operation of many men and women, there is the factor of climate. A week before Christmas and the cottonwood still has its foliage·. The grass is still green· and summer pirds ·are singin g in the meadow . .·The lo11g season is another, ·advantage. . Tpe comparatively small cost. of ·shelter and the ·natu'ral · advantages . of a ' high and dry climate on health and · . well being, are fu r th.e r conJ>idera"tions. · I have spoken much of · Llano ' while on the platform of the Social- · ist Party. I then had a· fe,\r misconceptions, but t hese soon passed away when I saw the colony iri realitY.. I found tlia:t to construct a world after our .hearts' desire may not he the world of our com- · r ades' dreams ; and to put our· n.o- . tioils into vogue will not work here.' Llano is no dream wor·ld . It is a ~artoonist T HE "The Great W o rki n g Class D ally" T HE MILWAUKEE LEADER " Unawed by Influence a nd Unbri bed by Gain" Editor-VIc t o r J". J:erger. Assis lan t • - Jamas H owe. A. M. Simo r1s, <J,.;rn ore Smith., '£homn.s s. An ... dre w~ . T il<' Leader Is published In Amer!ca's Hl.r om;hohl or Socialism. It Is the g rea t est English Socialist Dally In the . v·n•ltl. It is a Mode rn Metropolitan Dall y, conta ining the latest n e ws. AmCln g Its distinctive featur<'s Rre : SOCIALIST NEWS PAG.E, LA· BOR N EWS PAGE, SPORTING P AG E , MAGAZINE SECTI ON, WOMAN' S PAGE, EDITORIP>.L PAGE. 1'h e pr lc<' or The L eader is 25c per !Tlon t h; $3.00 ptr year. · Com bination otter wit h The WESTERN COMRADE Bo th for on e y eRr ror $3.00 ( the pri<'e or the Milwaukee L eader a lone). Add ress; . Circul ation Depa rtment 923 Hlgglna Bldg., Loa Angeleo, Calif. It is employment. , It dejob. p ends upon the strong in heart and the steadfast in faith .for v.ictory. It -has its hardships .n ow, but we will love it for the price we paid. We are here on the frontier battling with the god of the desert on one hand, and . with the monster Mammon on the other. · The influx of new members is great. They devour what was 'P roduced last year. Last year the older meinbers were new . and had to be a:ccustomed to their tasks. This year they start in a full acquaintance with t he problem and each other. · They have wrought wonders in a year. What they will yet do I cannot say and make my meaning clear. You should see for yourselves, comrades, all of you to·whom I haYe spoken of this great work in the . f ield of co-operation. You should come and investigate-not a Utopia-but a business proposi: t ion fo r collective b enefit. Joins Colony 16lrge and steadily gr·owing \Vestern Comr·acle fa mily has cause fo1· congratula t ion on the -fact th at Matthew A. Kempf of New York has joined the Llano del Rio _Colony and th e staff of the magazine. Comrade Kempf 'is an artist and a cartoonist whose · work has won him fame in the East wher·e he has hren known through his masterful d1·awings published in various magazines. Some of the W estern Com1·ade readers are famili ar with M. A. Kempf's drawings publish ed in the Masses. Several months ago one of his drawings occupied the t wo center pages of that. magazine and th e picture created a vast amount of favorable comment. in all manner of publications in the East. New York. daily n ewspapers as well as scores of other publications r eprinted the car toon. The drawi ng depicted g risly death. on horseback beckoning the United States to join the rarna~e. Th e treatment of the .ghastly winrows of the slain, the grim darkling of the night sky made doubly gruesome by the burning homes formed a composition t hat was most compelling. The picture alone was e non ~h ta have IH"ou ght any ar tist into the · fore~ ·fr·ont of successful cartoonists. Since .that time a number of Comrade Kempf's d r·awings. have· appea red in the Western . Comrade. Now the ar t ist ·an.d his ·wife have jonrn eye~l f rom New York to Califomia to become members of the Llano del Rio Community. Comrade Kempf wm take up as 1114t c h outdoor work as h e will be permitted to do. ·He will illustrate articles for t he W estern Comrade and will t each art classes in the Llano schools, where he expects to develop a large amount of latent talent. The colony is steadily gathering persons of great ability. and in this latest r ecruit to the community the pre.sent and absent members are alike to be felicitated. With more enrollments in the new art classes at Llano the educational average will be increas('d. \ Vhen the populat ion of t.be community was sli·g htly over 600 th('re were 260 p ersons enrolled in the Yarions schools and educational de· nartments. This include·d all age from the 2-vear-olds in the Mont r. · sori school . up to 'Some of the 50yl'a r-olds in t he night schools. �The WesteTn ComTade Marked for Death By Horte11se Flexner HE had a woodland startled, gay- look-half- As if hl1r eyes, light-thirsty, had not learned 1'o wake accustomed on .earth's JOYOUS day. . .\ child, whose merriment and wonder burned Tu harmlesr.; flame, even his uniform Wal> but a lie to hide his windwild grace, Whose limbs were ·rounded youth, too supple, warm, To hold th e measure of the street-made pace, . \lusil' and marching-colors in the sky• ThP crowded station, then the t rain- farewell! For a II he had the glance, exultant, shy, That seemed to marvel, "More to see--to tell ! " y,.f ll'ith his breathing moved, hid by his coat, A :\'lflVrBERED. :VTETAT.1 DTSK, STHAPPED HOUND IDS 'riTROAT! Pictures for Propaganda Shoot :Capitalism With:. a · Stere~ptic:o~ Anyone can lecture with the· ai~ of pictures; they tell the story, you point out t.he moral.- . Pictures draw a crowd where other means fail. They ma-ke_your wo;rk doubly effective. We tell· you how to. get the greatest results at the least expense. Send stamp for complete informati~n. W. SCOTT.·LEWIS 3493 Eagle Street. · Los Angeles, California Watch Congress! HimE comes th e good little Publie at this late day accusing the Grrman Socialist deputies with failing- of: steadfast adherence to prin~ ipl" such JI;S has recently been show n hy one Democrat .congressman who has opposed militarist plnns, fllld layin g at the door of tho ~e memh 1's the fratricidal war in l<:nrope. All right, let's watch th i ~ Democratic ongress. Let's also keep an eye on the lonely Soeinli~t congressman. Her e we will get n lot of "steadfast adh erence to prinr iple, " t.he principle of capitnli~t greed R nd grab. Jt will not h~ rivers nnd hnrbors pork- but it . will ht> pork. Cut Your Fuel ··Bill and Get More Heat . Burn Air and Oil t Into Our Pocketbook E.\ r '·l Dl'l'URES of the ational (;o ernment w re high enough la,t ,\'\•nr, but thi year tht>re will be a l'IIIJ for nbout $160000,000 in·rl'asr. If l\fyer IJondon a ks for that peace appropriation he is Hk,•h· to make himself heard even if all ·he million finally go for de·tru<·tion of life. A ociali.! t con~tt.>ssman wont be mothered ve~ duri tJ!!' preparationi t madness. . By burning air and oil in your cook stove, heater, range, boiler or fu rnace. Who would think of running an automobil~ on coal or wood t Yet hundreds of thousands of people today are using coal and wood to cook with. If the railroads of today should take off their oil-bwning locomotives and replace them with the old style soft coal engines, the inefficiency of the old engines would cause a great deal of dissatisfaction. · Why do you continue to use the old inefficient methods for heating and cooking? The I. N. L. oil burner forms a g&s that burns with an extreme heat. The cost of fuel is extremely low, ranging from three cents per gallon and up. The installation i"s also simple, al d the principle of operation is understood at sight. For further particulars and price list of burners address . Llano del Rio Company Mail Order Department 923 HIGGINS BLDG. LOS ANGELES, CAL. Territory open for iive agents �The Western Comrade 28 THE WESTERN COMKADE . . . . .43 Entered u eecond-clua matter at tlle po~~t .o lllce at Loa Angelea, Cal. 924 Higgins Bui!dlng, Los Angeles, Cal. Subscription Price One Dollar a Year· In Clubs of Four Fifty Cents Job Harriman, Managing Editor Frank E. Wolfe, Editor Vol. Jll Dcccrnhri·, 1915 No. Random Shots "DOg-uilty you bclic1·e ·! " ns]\('U Joe Hill 1vns a r'g'lllli!'Otist who squ l·rzcd a dqzc·u hool\s on Sc i.t•ntific Soc·ialisnr ht •nc·atlt his C'lhow :wd hr·:H·c•d lt irnsr•I L fo r· wordy t·ornHO hat. 'I' lit· rpwst ion ;r rrd tir e brar·i ng was •· lranw tnrist.ic· of tilt• t_vpP. · 'l'lr r: awnver·: " Guilty of what 9 I dou 't e ren l<now wit.lt wltnt Ire waR charged hu t [ do know th e pPoplc of th e !::itatc of I hdr a rc guilty of a brutal and coldbloo<lr:d mnrrl er . Th eir deed of blood anrl horror waR studirrl, prcmct!itatcrl , and waR committed after· long. r·oolin~ tim e. No morr bestial or s i ckcnin~ scrr1 c has been r uact ed iu n so-cllll nd. eivi lizcd state in ·a ccntlu·y. This stlHli ed barbarity is infiuitcly wor·sc t ltnrr th e lmT'Iling oC 11 e~rocs in 'J'f•xas or· lyn chings in hlood y Cc01·gia. Th e p eopl e of Utah a1· as mtmie1·ous iu th eir instincts r1s 1hr p eople of .ali forn i.a. and both nr·r guilt.v ns hrll !'' ?.:~ ~ MA.NY lC'tt~· r·s hnl'!· r r :wh1'd this offu'r dur11r ~ t frp past month whrrr in r(•Rd\·r·s ln11·•· r xprrssrd opin ions l'f'gar<ling th1' nrtielc hv G. E. Rolton <•Htitk\l " Mur·drn•r·s. "\' on a nd 1.'' in 0 111' No,·,•mlll'r issn<'. Onl\' a fr11~ hnY <• disug'l'l'<'d 11·ith th r \l'l'i.h•r. nnd thos<' h,, . wa~· ol' disn 1'011·in g- that thev nr·c llllll'd r r(' l' nntl d rt·r·vin (l' thr w~iter s finnl derlnration of l;ate~ 'fh c nrtiele spems to ha 1·r had the rff ct of li.ronsi11 g Cali fo l'l1in rcnuers t o thr l'('loli?.ntioH that. w t' ar·e a ll madr mm·rler·t>rs. willing!~· o r· uuwillingly, hy lnws that en nst' " th e p!'ople of th e stntr .. to s tt·nngh' hnmnn b ri ngs. ~ :"1-. MAY W I' .. !.! ;~. lVAN',' !}: "'' ' :Y: hp Jll'l'Ulittetl to s_nggest CIJRJ~'f]lf AS WISH ''You may share your heart with othets .• dearest,- but not your gold ." Th P c·harn.cter~ n · pre~·· nt t:u!-i!"ia and Fra n ce -Kl acld~ rada tB c h. T II.\EII irignominious defeat ot' till'. J :\ s iu th e· Dardanelles is thr· . tam pede br·otwht about thr pt·(·pnra1 io.uist conspira· tors we :cern nhou t to he presented t lr C' induhitahiP fH'Oof th11t we :r r·c und r r what Bu r·kc f'alled "the hoofs or th e swinish multitude.'' ~ha11: . a~-s "whnt the prople l!frc in th e pit and j!aller·y, they filso a re in th e poll in"' hoot h." ·w hat the peopl e r end. so do th ey t hink. · 'fodny in thi rrreat " d('mot'racy" the people a rc r("ading- the' daily press. Burke 's statement wHl vary ,..-ith the quare- the rat io being the p t>r ePnt of p !'ople reading and helieYing tht' -rapitalist daiJ,y newspaper · of .\ merica. \Ve are in a position to know the m1mber is di hearteningly Jarge. b~- <iennany 's gr·ea.t cst victory. Ccr·rn lm gun . in G<•rmnn d e ignc<l fortres r;;;. Ger·nuru officers and d ou htlc ·s man~· German fighting meQ ar·c ·n·. ponsihle for th e gr,eat ,· ietor·~- . Britain hn pnicl a h e ay~; toll iu li f,.. nnd treasut·e and her· F.g"yptian holdings a r e in danger. Stan·ing Germany seems to b e a t·o tl~- proeednre. A :-:: ~": ~ to som!' of our dogmatic and A INATIO on the scaffold is the worst form of assa sinahypet·er·itical brethren, who mistake motion for progrel-3 . that a dead fi h. tion beeau e there it is invested <•an float down tream. but it takes with the approval of oeiety.R!'\·olutiotiists.' Handbook a lh·e- one· to witn up'. Berllri �The Western Comrade BEFORE you r ead the following lines be warned that they were taken from a speech by one of England's ablest statesmen, a profound 1hinker with a clearness of vision that lifts him far;;above hi's aaso<·iates. Lord Roseberry,· a Liberar iu the broad sense, who has in this (·ase no mot ive other than that of the good of 'humani_ty, said in a r e•·ellt public gathering: ·" I k now nothin g more rlisheartl'!l ing t h11n the. an nouncement r e.. r ntly m11d.r t hat th e l nited · ~tatcs-t h c 011e g reat country left in I hr worl rl free f rom t he hid!lous, h]oody bu r den of Wll l'.....:..is llh out to t'tllha rk upon th e bu ild in lf of a hu ge :ll'lnnda dPstin ed to be equ al or serond t o our own. It mea ns th at th e hilr·clr n will rontinue upon t he othe1· nat ions. ::tnd he in cr eased ex::t etly in proportion to t he fleet of t he United .' l:llrs. I confess t hat it is a di slt Pa rtrn in g pr ospect that th e United ::;1 at r:;;, so rP mote f r om t he F.uroprnll ronft ir t , •s hould volunta ril y in lhP~r dn:v:;; t11 k e up th e hurd en , wltirh, Rft r J' t hi s war, will be found to h::tvc hrok en, m· almost hroken, 01 11' hacks. " 1' hr ronsp iJ·::tcy of th e Ameri can nrmn ment. tru st w ill not only pro ve n IPITifi c hurd en on th e· work ers of Oll l' rounb'y. hu t will place a still )lTra tr t' hmd r n upon t he p eopl e of ot hrt· nati.ons. "QVEH t her e th e dollar alone rul es, and all diplom acy is a prst ilrn ti::tl S\vllmp ; decency is an in frC'quc nt gu est . with sc orn grinning rver over its shoulrl er: th e <·n trr pr r neur is a rog ue, th e offi cilll a nmchasable puppet. Hie lady 11 •·olrl -r t·ellm-cover ed l11dy-peacock. " A fo reign writer ha s j ust s11 irl this ahon t t he United Rt11tes. w ·e won 't l•·ll von wh o it w11s hec::tuse we must nll ~rmll it~ n r u trlll . Jt 's simply awfn l the impression some of th ese pt·rsnmpti o"nl'; anrl e n v ion ~'> ontsid Prs l!l't f ns! ** * N O'rHTNG can stop r eactionary protectionists from for c in~ a t'fo l·ision to th e high tariff of th e ~ronrl old days. No longer will th e llf'Nl to t rot out that tatterdemalion ' pau per l11 hor of Europe. " 'fhey havr a better scarecrow in the war: nnd as 11 result it will be an easy ~-,~~ ,. at Washington- and there wiil h~> mncl1 pork. ·We do with Talkiq Madmaea what Ford did with Autoe Y~s~WHYTHIS BEAU.TIFUL~ R TALKING. MACHINE SELLS FOR .- ONLY $10· r---:---------, If you h~ve never been willina to &pebd $25 fora talking machine thia ia your chilncc. ·s:zc 1 5 ~ inchc. ot b..e: 8~ hiah. Aolrlor The MUSIGRAPH iai!large, good-looking, """ or mohoeony 6niah. Nickel plated, right-aounding as mac ea aelling for $£5. E.lf:!l•vl~~~~~~bf!"'!der.:..:':•~ How <lowe do it? H re'othe an•wer: Gi11an<ic . recorda, 10 ond ll inch... Worm eeor profit• have been made from $25 machine• because of motor. Threaded windina oholt. Pt!l'o 2 ,l e: n ~i nch recorda w i1 h one w inding--Tone patent right monopoly. Millions have BOne for ad- c:cnt:o!lina door. Ncatond oolidly mode .. vertising $25 machine!~, and these millioni came back from the public. The attempt io to malte $25 the standard price. It's too much. The trust price 11ame is broken, Here is . a machine which giveo perfect oatialaction {guaranteed) lor only $1 0. It will fill your home with dancing, good music, fun and happiness . Money back if it ian't aa repreaented. MUSIGRAPHS. are selling by the thousands. People who can alford it buy showy autos. but common-sense people ~tladfy ride ·Fords-both 8el over the ground. Same way with talking machines, _only the MUSIGRAPH loolto and worlto like the high-priced instruments. · · '· WHAT BETTER CHRISTMAS GIFT CAN YOU THINK OF? Muai· •rapha play any atandard diac record, high-priced or. even the little five and ten cent recorda. Hurry your order to makt> aure of Chriatmaa delivery. We are advertising theae big bargain machines through our customers-one MUSIGRAPH in uae sella a dozen more. One caah payment is our plan. So. to-day, to inaureChriatmaadelivery, send $10, by P. 0. money order, ched:, draft, express order or postage llamps. All w~ aslt it that you tell your neighbo1s how to llet a MUSlGRAPH lor only $10. GUARANTEE. Thia machioe is u rehi'aenled. both u to -Address MUSIGRAPH, Dept. 224 . :::r;~~~~~he~U'slC~AP..rr:C:! Diatributon Advertiaiq Service (Inc.) Get your money back. 142 West 23rd Street, New,.. ..York C'dJ repreoented oend it bock immediatel7 and The Social-Democrat ~Ha te 1 aper of the Socialist Part.'' of Cal ifornia, 75 t·Pnt.s a year . F or ~n.35 we will send vou t he Social-Democrat and th e 'V est ern Comrade both for one year . This L ' a combination you can hardl .v overloolc Address : The Western Comrade 923 Higgins Bldg. Los Angeles, Cal. �Knit Underwear . . ·Cheapest ~ Becaus~ It Wears -Best W9men's~ Men's Union Suits, low neck, knee length, siZes 32 to 44 .. . .. . . . . ... . ... . ....... .. .......... . . . $1.25 Union Suits, half low neck, elbow sleeves, ankle length, sizes 32 to 44 .... . .................. 1.25 Under Vests, sleeveless, sizes 30 to 44. . . . . . . . . • .35 Night Robes, sizes 32 to 46 ........ .' . . ...... .. . 1.50 Hose, extra, wearing, black, sizes 8 to 101;2. . . . . .30 Hose, light weight, all colors, sizes 8 to 10~. . . .50 Undershirts, light weight, ·c.t-eam, sizes 34 to H .. $ .75 Under-shirts, light ·weight, black; sizes 34 to 44 •• 1.00 Drawe_rs, light .wei~ht, cream, sizes 30 to 44 . ... .75 Drawers, light weight, cream, sizes 30 to 44 . • •• 1.00 Shirts ·and. Drawers, doubte fteeced, grey, sizes 30 to. 44 ................ ... ............ . .... 1.25 Shirts and Drawers, Egyptian cotton, ecrn. sizes 30 to 44. ·.. , .. . . ·. .. . . .. ·. ...... . ... .... 1.50 Men's Hose Extra wearing value, black, !!izes 9 to lith .... .$ -25 Heavy weight, black, sizes 9 to 111;2, 3 pairs . ... 1.00 Girls' Boy~' . Children's Union Suits, sizes 20 to 30. : .$ .50 Union Suits, better grade, sizes 20 to 30 .... : ....... 1.00 Hose, black, tan or white, sizes 6 to 101;2.. .. .. .. .. . .25 :$ .. Union · Suits, sizes 20 to 32 .. .eo -Taped unions, answering Union Suits, ·better grade, · purpose of a. waist, sizes 20 to '32.. .. .. .. .. .. .90 sizes 20 to 28 .......... $ .65 Sportsm&n·s· hose for boys, Same as above, only better grade, sizes 20 to 28 1.05 sizes 6 to 101;2 ... . .. ,25 , to .40 Pure Wo.ol Goods Made by Wool Growers' Co-operative Mills· Direct From Sheep's Back to Your Back Black a..nd Grey Mackinaw Coat,_ length 25 Inches, sizes 36 to 44 .. .. ....... .. .. . ...... $8.00 Trousers, Grey and Navy Blue, usual sizes ... . $4.00 Shirts, Grey and ' Navy Blue, usual sizes .. .... . 3.00 Blankets White or grey, lOx 2 in., weight 5 lbs . . ... . .... $7.85 Grey, 70x82 ln., weight 7% Jbs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.~ Llano del Rio Community <Mail Order Department) 923 Higgins Bldg. (K&kre all checks or money orders pa.y111ble to Los Angeles, Cal. · Llan~ del Blo Company) �E~ LKSKIN BOOTS a':'d· SH.OES·;· ~ ... Factory operated · in ccmnection with LLANO DEi. Rio CoLONY Men's 10-iilch boots. $6.00 Men's 12-inch boots . 7.00 Men's 15-inch boo~ . 8.00 Ladies ' 12-in. boots .. 6.00 Ladies' 15-in. boots.. 7.00 Men's Elk·work shoes 4.00 Men's Elk dress shoes 5.00 Ladies ' Elk shoes . . . 4.00 Infants ' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 .. .. .. . ..... 1.50 Child 's Elk shoes, 5'12 to 8 . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Child's Elk shoes, 8lf2 to 11 . . . . . . . . . 2.50 Misses ' and Youths, 11'12 to 2 . . . .. . ... 3.00 I Place lltocklng foot on paper, drawing pencil around aa per above 11luetratlon. Pau tape around at linea without drawing tight. Give alze uaually worn. IDEAL FOOTWEAR For Ranchers and Outd-o or M~n The famous Clifford Elksltin Shoes arc l~ghtest and easiest for solid co~fort and will outwear three pairs of ordinary shoes. We cover all lines from ladies,' . men's and children's button or lace · in light handsome patterns to the high boots for · mountain, hunting, ranching or desert wear. Almost indestructible. Send in your orders by :nutu. Take measurement according to instructions. Out of tovm shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P. 0. order and state whether we shall for ward by mail or express. SALES DEPARTMENT Llano del Rio Cotnpany 922 Riggins Building, Los AngeleSJ Cal. �Colony ~etnbe~ships· For·Sale A Llano del..... Rio Community ::-.INOUNCEl\'IENT is hereby made that about seventy-five . vacancies will l:>e · made in installment m~mber_ships .. when that many canrellations are forced by failtn·r to r~ake paymrnts. ~This is caused in nc•arly every instanre by ill~ess, death or dis- t>llc.~d pioncet·ing in the Northwest make exceHent ~oJonists. 'l'hey ·are always welcome at !,Ja'no: \Ve. are -adding tq our land holdiugs, onr ma ·hinery," our livestock and implrments. \Ve· are clearing land and preJ)arir·•ii' tnmdreds of acres for planting. Con- . r--=J=-------------------·...... employment of ah-_ ~~-....., tinuous employsent comrades or ment i's assured to members of their all who join us. famity. 'rhis rs · 1£ yon are tired of 110t a large numth e fight in · the bet· considering competitive world the t It o u s an d come to · Llano memh r rships. J t and he lp work out leaves the colony this - great _pl·ohwith about J50 Jrm of cooperamemberships for tion. Read the sale. :'If any of our statements on absent members ·p4ge two · of this have tal{rn the magazine ·; read short cut, closed tlui stories. apout out their business tl~e. _ c p)ony. Write affa ir·s, ' shipped for .the free bookth eir goods and · let entitled "The joined the col.Gateway to Freeonists. 'J'h is has dom,' ' ask for an caused a rather application blank unexpected rush and you will be in and again cone -=~= a fair way to take gested t h e trans"Billy" Young Riding Herd at Llano the step that may portation departbe the turning 111ent and put thr huildt>t's hdtind, hut it all j)oiut _iu ,vour life. If you have the pioneer clen rs rnpidly . We watit workers. Nt>ed an spirit and nrc a f'O-operator at h eat·t and you additional civil Pngineer, a photo engra'{er , . <·an qualify by showing a clean record for a. physician, a df'ntist and about ouc hnndred sohriet~· . industr·y and honesty you will be farmers of experienC'e. Th e Not·thwest holds \\'elcomNI · hy hundreds of your comrades thiS: hundr·ed and wr hope to re<>ruit them who are l~Ying happily at the Llano del Rio thet·r. :'lff'n and \\'Omrn who ha ve experi- l'Ommnnity. Los Angeles County, California, LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY Membership Department 924 Higgins Building Los Angeles, California � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1915-12 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-12 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n08_191512 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-25 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n08 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/2059a391af1e6207b6c2d29a0cb22682.pdf d87462cc978edab7fccef04aeca244c3 PDF Text Text �-Drawn for Tloe Wuttrn- Comradt by M. A . JVmpf �THE WESTERN COMRADE ---------------------------- Political Action VOL. III Devoted to the Cauae of the Workers Co-operation LOS ANGELES, CAL., NOVEMBER. 1915 Dll'ect .Action NUMBER 7 Basin on Big Rock Where the New Dam Will Form a Great Lake EDITORIAL REVIEW By Frank E. Wolfe the comments, critical and encouraging, O thatall have come in since the printing of Job E" Harriman's article on fanaticism in the Socialist Party, no one has so cogently put the case as a comrad~ of northern California, who says: "The article in ·western Comrade on 'Fanaticism :Means Failure, ' is most timely. Just as the church has said, 'Let us get together and believe something about Jesus,' instead of saying, 'Let us get together and put the principle of Jesus at work.' So the Socialist Party has said 'Let us get together and believe some economic doctrine!' instead of saying, 'Let us get together on a simple program of co- operation and public ownership.' 'l'he American peoplP will never ·get together on doctrine, economic or religious. But they are well nigh ready for a simple program. I think the time is ripe for a movement that will parallel to some extent the English 'I. L. P.' A movement that will have the ultimate goal in view, but will be wise enough to begin with a program that will unite all forward~ moving people. A 'National Public Ownership League ' is a good suggestion. • • • ''Hundreds of thousands of people are ready to move thus who will never become 'doctrinaires!' The Ame:-ican mind is not interested•..in photoplays, �6 T h e W e s te r n C o m r a d e it wants adiol'lt not a preachment, but a program, and a program that does not reach too far beyond the horizon of' .tire an~ragc mind. We wa»l; a move- tain of thr higher subdivisions are in the hand~< of heresy-hunting doctrinrs who will not IH·ook any progressive action. They ~'ill tell you I he part~· is drifting into thP po"sition of the olcl S. L l'. and that its political power is gone. + + + O N.E might gc·t tlw idea that the dogmatic !::iocialist of the "headquarters·· type might at least remain " .prutral. " This is not thP <'Hse. If,. is more .likely to ahaudoir his assaults 011 t hr ramparts of <:apitalism a11d train the mighty cngi11ery of his ·fighting guns 011 thP ad\"aw·ing column's of his O\I"Ji comrades who arP trying to put his preHt· h. r.nt•ut into practice. '' I want to · see thP Llano •·olony fail,'' sai::l a srcrctary of . thr rxPeutive committee in a largP California city. \Yhpn the~' (the men a_nd women at JJ!a11.o ) lose out they will be hetter Soeialists." This amazing statrnwnt has hrc•n duplicated in othrr sections. Soc·ia lists of Califomia haYe hrc11 driven into a panic of fl'ar O\'t•r statemt'nts printed. in an infamous la)Jor-hat ing nrwspaprr. From thrir actions onr might well hPii('Y(' the statement th11l this notorious journal iii to thP "Red H-r-l'l"olutionist '' what thl' Bihli• is to an or·thoclox T'rrshytrriallsar· r·Pd. nnd to hl' lwlirvPd "fr·om kive r· to kiYrr·. ,. BOHIWWING ;\ HALF BILLlON Just a Minute, Pl ease -- I >Ps Molrws J~Pglster anll Leader mt·nt t ha t 1vill get th e p eople, t he state to begin to move in the right direction. '' 111' is right. Our way hns ht'L'Il fait h but no wodu;;. \\'c lw,·e advocated thPories until the welkin ran ~, but whPHeve r· anyone has attempted a pr·aetieal appli(·ation of those throrics he h as been th e oh.ied. of t hr bit t er est attacks from his fellow theor·ists. In Ca lit'omia, as in oth er states, the party rrwmhership is a t a low ehh. H er r we have thou sands of splendid s piritcd eomrades who have lapsed their· c·n r·ds and ar·r outside the oq~anization. A-,J,ed a. rPason ma11y will sa.v heeausr thcre is u o ac·tion; that till' Yar ious loc·als, •·ity organ izations and rer- I N the vast roJT(•spondPIII·t• that flo ws into these offit·rs th t• r·p r·omt·s from 11rarly cYe ry ·state in the UlliOn t'X)li'<'SSiOIIS Of prof'Olllll) gratitude that SOmewh er e a group of ~oc·ialists has hePn hr·a1·e enough and pnergetie rnough to do somt'lhing. '' Tha11k God for SCIIIIP :wtion! I am tired of this platfnnn throrizi11g. I shall join yon, if 1 am permittPtl. and help wor], out thP prohlrm of feeding, r·lot hi11g, and making happy humans. T know it is indiYidunl dPiiv Pra ll r·P for a f'p\1· thousands, hut it " ·ill maj'r a worrderfnlly impr·rssi,·e rlPrnonstration for I hP wor·ld. '· \\TitP~ another prospel't. " "· ton. is right . To soh ·p the prohlrms he mentions nll'HIIS a thousand morP •·oloniPs: it means a 1110\"(' toward thP Sl'iZIIrP of thP SOlii'I'PS of lifP that will hr rP\·o!nt1onary. �r. I The Western · Comrade 7 E AHL LOHEBORN startled England when he de- w ATCH the unfolding and _growth of the condared in the House of Lords, that revolution · spiracy of the armament ·mak rs . . 'fhe <~ub­ " ."" c·c·rtain to follow in ".Europe if the conflict were,_ · idy slides oveJ," the -face of the purchascd ·pre sand ··ontinuc·d indc•finitl'ly. This. is most, encouraging. the agitation ·for l~rge war appr·opriations grows The· c·nrlfiid will eontin~re indPfit1itely 11ncl it will be amain.. . ever\,·as .t he Ameriean pre s so beaut ifully l'ollum·t! "·'' 1'('\'0 iut ion in (' \'l' I'Y Elll'Opean country. . oile;d ~vith th~ sin oth lu'b rit·ant of capitalist gold. Fit'tc·t·n millions of mPn have been killed ot· dis- Fr·om th large dallies to: the mallest pomographie ;d>il't! for life and c·,ountlPsS lhousmHlS of non-com- shrets, ..ther:e is a,.t"l'Y for war·ships, fortifieation and l>;tlitllls· )ins ha\·c· J>t• c>Jl cles1J'OyPd hy this hueJo;tel'S 1 <I grea:t army. " ,,·;~r·. En~land a Jon<' is S]WtHI ing- *21 ,000.000 a cl.ay, PreparPrlncss 1s the (•;".'(. Well, preparedness will princ·ip;~ll~· for munitions. Billions mor·e, will be ']"· nt. (;c·rmany is pro_l)llhly S]Wncling as much, and tl11 • otlwr allic•d powc·r·s arc• pouring- out untold trellstlt·c · of' gold. Ancl thc· r ncl is no t. in sight. Englmlll i, making- dPSJH'rafP appPals f01· tlr r pc.ople to turn tiJPir sow r·eigns into sh!•lls and their· shillinp;s into slmt[lll<'l. 'l'hP <'I'~' is "Cnrsh Grrm11ny with English ~nltl! ' ' ThP stru~glt• has sPttlc·cl into dogg!•d determination to hold out to thP t•nd. ln England, Fr11nce, ( :c·rrnnn:v 11nd all oth!•r (·01111tries th e c-ensorship is IIJot·c· rigid th11n (·n r· ], pfo t'P. ln Lonclon the Dail:v (;]nhc• WllS SIIJl{ll'PSS!'d for asJ<ing th e ~OYCrmnent ()ml>arrassing- qm' stions. and a fpw d11:vs later a similar l'afp o\·rrtook t.hP powe rfql VoPn\·llrt7. of B Prlin . Tht• British shc·d was nwrely radi eal. The German jonrn11l w11s thP l ra cling Socialist d11ily in t h e coun try. Thr qu<'stions asl<ecl by onr German c·omrades m·rP c'OU(·hecl in th~ pol itest tPrms ancl thP rlrmancl wns for morP l;nowiPclgr 11hont. th() war and morr f-ntthfnltwss in shrtrmPnts that \Yrrr offi r irlll~· puhlishPd. Suppt·c•ssion is what thP 8oe ialists of Germany hill'(> thr·i\'Pd upo n . rndrr Bismark 's iron laws the par·ty ~trP\\' at a r·atc· that appallc•d the EmpPror. SupprPssion at this h otll' will do much to fan the snJotlldPring t•ryo]t into <·onsnming flames. \\"ht•n tl1t• hour strii<Ps Emope w ill hr swept. as \Yitht a c·_vc·lonc• . . Hc•a djust nwnt thPr<' will me11n an on•rt urning hc·n•. 8oeialists in America h11ve the !!rra trst opportnnity for propaganda that h11s ever hc·c·n prPsPntt·cl in th<' history of th!• mo\'!•ment. ];orrJ,orn fnrPsrc•s 1"(•\ ' 0it. 11nd Hritish · worl\t•rs wiiJ clo ''"' i r pH rt to ma I«· t hP pr·pc] i!·f ion r•omr t r·u <·. THAT BH,T, Now Who Do You Suppose Will Have to Pay Jt? prcv(•n t war. \Viin Pss Clermany- th e IH,st pr(!pared •·otrntr·y in the world . 'l'hPr<' JH'Il<·c•, plt·nty and prospcrit:v rrigu. J;et us prPpat'l' for· war an<l havP the JH'Il<'P of Germany. �8 'rhe -Western Comrade T HE LaFollette alien seaman's law did not go into effect on November 4, as per the provision of the acts. The law is indefinitely suspended· on order of the Secretary of Commerce. T he enactment of this measure was hailed as a great victory for the workers. Vessels are being given clearance at the '' discreti"on of collectors of ports.'' PrettY:. so.ft for the collectors! Nullification of the seaman's protective law ..findfi. a hundred parallels in similar acts· for the betterment of the working class. In Calif~rnia an act protecting the puhlic ft·om the-danger of moving trains by telegraph by inexperienced operators was set asirl<• by 'the state railroad commissioners. . In Los Angeles every effort possible is being ·put f01·th hy eve ry lahor-hatlng journal and organization to t•epeal the two-platoon ordinance for city fir<'mrn. This "working elass measure" was adopted . hy an ovct·whchning vote on an initiative election. E1·erywherr n " h ighet· power" is invoked to nullify lahor lPgislations. These acts crept throu gh while the ex ploiters were not looking. Now they are to be at·hitrarily nullifi ed. Such instances make it difficult fot· th e political actionist to keep a stt·aight faeP wh ilc arguing f01· the use of the ballot ns a means of righting the wrongs of the workers. T + + + HERE are more revolutionary · Socialists in California and in the United St·fltPs now than ever before, yet the party membership is about ourthird what it was a few years ago. Ther e is a distinct demand for action-political, dir<'rt. nnrl through ro-opcrativc movements. T + + traitor is not a mere accidenf A determined effort will be made to arouse alarm and distrust. Our comrades are forewarned of ~hese attempts. othing ~v ill be left undone to discredit the great enterprise. + IT A'l' agPnts !H'OI'aea tcnr should be sent into the rolon.v fot· th<' put·pos<' of sowing the se<'ds of diss(•nsion was a fo regone conclusion. '!'hat 1hesc fW T'sons should hl' hl•rn, tactful anu of thp typt• that, fora tim<' at least , roulu dcrf' il'r and lead thr mcmhr rs of the community was also to he expectNl. !\'lost of tli<' residents at Jjlano at·e convinced that at least two of these effDI'ts have been made. 'fhe fact that the chief labor-hating n ewspaper of California has so vigorously championed the cause of a disturhe1· is taken as an indication that the operation of this "Lay Up Treasurer for Yours.elves-" • - The Masses :\1eanwhilc we gro11' apare. Each day sees us more strongly entrenched than before. There is no outside influence that can harm us. Loyalty, faithful- . ness and confidence of our comrades will make us inYulncrahle. Everywhere our friends should view with distrust t he efforts. that may be made by these agrnts of rapitalism. '\Ve are out to win unbounded surress anrl .earh 'day sees us nearer our goal.· + + + The coYer page of this issue is from a photograph of a r rmarkahle hronze engraving by Adolph Feil, a mcmhet· of the·l,Jano rlcl Hio Community. �Tile Western Comr(Jd e 9 Murderers-You and 1! _~ J>: G. E. BOLTO "-~ ~!!!!~ ~~~ B ha i:e just killed a boy-;you and I. He was a y<mth, in the day of his adolesence. Did you think, a I. that this wa ome moth r 's boy; that he should be there with h4n G ths; she lle had b'ut wandered from a mothw?s. ould take his body when we lowered it and· said: care. But we . have killed him in our Woman, b~hold thy on !" Then it eined to me that blood Ju~t, you and I. We strangled him h '~a ili!lre ~M that she took ~m, h r boy, her.and he died slowly, horribly. bal?y-for·.be' w·a s that to her e-uep after e ' killed ~ H ave you evet· before en anyone die h.im-and at b td him a mother have 'alway at, ' by the rope 1 Is it not horrible to see and· with . her ·hair he. W:ip d the d w of death om the bloody froth from hi . lip - fro:m them, to look at t he writhing bodie, the distorted l1i · brQw t'a n~, the staring eyes, the protruding tongue-for no the lip · 9£" the boy yqu and I had j t trangled to ld:u· k hood of death t·ould conceal that. death; sl;le . held h~ h ad Qn h r lap and moaned a \\' hat did .von see wh en we killed him ? I am not onlj_ stricken mothers can. Jllorhiu hnt J am deep in the '' Gh•e him to me, now · y ou have done with him·. He s•·,·ne and ] want you, who ,,,.)peel me kill him , to dwell was my baby only a little · while ago. He 'was so sw et on it with me. to me, o gentle. · I never impressed you Wha t ny F r a n k H . \Va t e knew him to be harsh or 1110st 'I \Vas it the screams, SHUDDER as I watch him- · cruel. .· ¥Y boy, my baby t he swoon in g of the sister My victim! · boy ! What have · they done or the dry sobs of-the mother His upturned face is white as chalkta you Y You were such a nJ· the boy 's own manner 1 Drawn cheeks and burning eyes___: beautiful boy and . we loved Do you know what imHis parted lips and glistening t eeth-'you so.· You used to sit with . I watch it all! pressed me most? I think it me there at hoin,e ~nd we was the silence-and the I tremble lest he take his lifewatched the sunsets, your quick sounds. I looked to My victim! 'head on my shouldet--;and see who it was making a The scaffold in the prison yardnow they . have strangled dry, choking soun'd, not sobs The priest with cowl and bookThe shadows dancing 0n the wall- . you." . but the retching of a body I watch it all! 'l'hen . there seemed a t1·ying to keep from crying long silence, broken only by aloud. 'fhen the clanging I hear him utter his futile prayer. low moans, and then again doors! How it startled us My victim! He leans upon the padre's armher voice: after the silence and · the A crash ! His soul has flown! "Your neck was so soft waiting! I am the State-avenged am I and sweet and now it's so Did you -hear the droning But lo! My hands are stained! bruised and mangled. They Yoi e of the priest? He say it was but justice. I mumblP.d his words horribly, prayed to the Mother whose but I lmow he was not saying "Thou sbalt .not kill. " He does not say that be- son was slain as you have been, but the priests said it r:ln!¥) he, too, b.elieves in the killing, and he helped was God's will. Now you are gone from us forever. My boy, my ba~y boy ! " . us- you and l - in the killing. Did you hear it, you who have strangled . tbis' Did you hear the groans-not of the dying, but of tho e who were doing the killing? Did you feel the child T You say you did not kill him 1 . tab in your seul when the boy's body shot downward? . You were not there! 1 did, and I felt him tremble when we placed the black I SAY YOU LIE! eap over his face. I felt the thrill of horror when we You and I and all of ns murdered this boy. put the noose-the noose we had so cleverly and so brutishly wrought, over his head. Did you see how admit your guilt. Your hands are red with smooth and soft was the skin on the lad's neck f Yet You are as guilty as hell! (Continued on Page 24) it wa cold- so cold. .· w· [£] .. ana . Stranglers J �T h e W e s t ·e r n C o m r a.d' e 10 .· m Sophy By CLARA .R. · CUSHMAN '1' ~,·as a story stl'aight from life, the set;. amuel 'n I had only been married a couple of year , ting .i n ou.r· own en ligl1tened Southern :;tn ' she was laugh in ' an' crowin' 'n takin ' on about Californ_ia. H ere it is as I caug,h.t it uothin' like b~ alway did, 'n .I g;abbed he~ up be. from the lips of the woma? sitting be- fore It~j)ught 'n aid, ' Oh, a in 't she the prettiest hi11d me, not lnng ago -on the I,os Angeles thing you · ever: l,aid eyes on :' 'N amuel looked 1;p lntt·r·rrrhnn : . . U:om th 'Qua'rterly .he :was rca<ti;1' n' said, ' Emma, ' · • • " i [ l was a sinner n obody " ·' y'Ou ;~·e m'a kin ~ a!1 i?oJ. of that child. 'l'he Lor-d will I'Ot rld hr:iJrg me to the l;Grd quicker 'n he .Pun] h you.' · ' I kn ew amuel wa.· right. H e 's been eould . II C' 's· (·('rtainly tir e pr·ea cher· to save soul . He a .'goo<1 hu~ljhnd to me. I prayed over ·night fo r a took our li ttl e Ann.ie by th e al'ln .the otJre·r day, and he month for the. h en'gth to marry him. I kn ew it was hadn't talk<'d to h('r fiye min.utes befoi:e she began to my duty fot· he was' a 'vorl;:er in the field of Christ 1·ry and bu·lt rig-hf dm\'11 on th e floor· and said she ·and .h e 'had f qrty ~cres of land, 'n I knew I rru g htn't ,,.;tJif•·d to h1· haptizl'd ri~rht awa y . And her only have as goo.d chance. H e' always been a good prose,·,·n, too, a 11d so littl1· and clclica te ! Ain 't it won- v ider ' n ::t good hushand 'n r'lmew h e was right in the dl't'i'lll tl11· orr1·s thP J,ord ,.Jrooses ? W ell , as the Bible sigl~t .of th e L ord, so I made up my mind l 'd always says, ' ;\ littl!' ,.Jriltl shal l IPad tl1 em. ' All our children try to do ri ght by my children 'n not ' let my sin ful I'OIIll' to ('Jrrist l'arly, all hrrt Sophy, 'n Samuel told fet-lin ·s gC't t he lies.t of me. S o when Samuel was sayin ' hPr sl11· \\·as no ,.Jrild ol' om··n an d nC'cd nC.ver come th e hi Pssiu ' · and Sophy would begin to laugh and h;11·k. l -1 thou~ht a heap of tlrn t git·l too. I-I could pound th e .high chait· l 'cl .spat ' her hands, 'n she wa har·dly IH'ill' to gi\'(• """ up, hut it was th e will of th e . t iHi t full of la ugh , she th on(J'ht I 'vas playin' with her, Lord . ' n Sam ut'l knoll's l1('st. Ril e lrarl th e good Chris- so sh e's look kind of sacr e i a minnit, then she'd begin t ian horne tlrt· otlters did, hut she alwnys chose the to laugh '11 holler more · 'n evei·.. So I had to hit h er 1\'<I,YS of' Satan." real }lard befor e. s)r e'cl lmO\\' r· mC'ant sh e was beii:t ' "What! 8ophy isn 't gone! " \\'i(·k ed. Th en she 'd s·et th er e ' n t r·cmbl e ·a.Jl over, for "Ain ' t you heard ~ Oh dear! Oh de11r! SeC'ms sh e lmrw if sh e- criC'd hC'r fath er won ld tab~ her in lik e it 's a t en·ihiP ·cross th e J_,ord 's ~iv e us to hear . haucl ; for· a Samuel · often snys. as all childr.en. arc lfo11· me and Samuel \\'Orl, ed all th ese years to make born in sin , " ·hose goirr ' to tal( e it o.ut· of them unles that girl meek and hum1Jle in th e sight of the Lord! th eir parents does it. So h e ahnrys started in early Bnt shC' was t hat vain and proud! .Alway~ 1·ompl11inin' to make the ch;ldt·en ho.nor their f11ther and mothet·." a hout the way I ;m1d c her drrssos and th e kind of " 'W ouldn't- " shoC's l made her wear·, ' n wan tin ' to wear her hflir in "No, · shC' " ·onldn 't . " n rrls, instead of thinhin' of her soul and th e life ever"I wnsn 't goin' to say- " lasting. Many s tll(' tirne Samuel 's stood O\' Pl' her and " Olr th a t ·s nll r·.il!ht. .A s I was say in ' Sophy foun d mndc lr c r ImPel flown and pray fot· tho Lorrl to for- out prC'tty e11 rl~· that shC' mnstn 't let her f eel in 's lead g-il'(' he r· for· h er· sinful Yanity, and sh e was that cl e- ft C'r in sin . Slr c rteYr t· \\' liS mnch of a hand to cry ,.('itfnl t lr11 t lrr hnd to malw lrC'r' pr:ry ont loud to he thou gh . H wn ~ lwr l11ffin ' " ·hen she shouldn 't that we sut'P sire was rloiu ' it. " had to stop. 'n h r·r thinkin ' so mnr h ahout lwr look. " 1\'lra t 11 pity thnt- - " ' ll nlwa,vs wnntin ' \\'hnt was lW<'t(v. not what was good "YPs. to thin]; llll' nn(l Samu el who was saved h,v in th C' sight oE tl rr J,ord. Rh C' snid on ce that s he didn 't gn11'f tlrir·ty ~·Ntrs HI!O sltmrld have a child . like that. want to go to th11t 1rg:l,v eir)ll'ch. t!r;:r t i t· smC'lled hHd, 'n Bnt i,t was thC' J,orcl 's will and I ain't. cornpl,niuin '. the p eople all l ook ed u gl~' and san g su ch u gly ongs. We don'' our dnt~' nml tri C'd to put the f ear of God Sh e only said it once. S:unucl said he was goi:u · to in Jrp r· lr rart. T :1 in 't c ompl;~ inin ' , bnt it's an awful t ea ch h ~r to ilC a good Chri tian woman if it ·hro:k t hin g to l\no11·· yom own girl is goin' traight to hell. our h cal'ts and, took nll th e hi rl e off her ba r k Ro stre T-T thought a hcnp of that gi rl. Many's the time I 've rlid just what we ~;wid nft C' r thirt w.itliont talkin', hut had 1o pray fot· strength to do my duty hy her, or she 11e1·er stopped hPr laughin '. 'N wh en he'd go slr r 'tl heen a wind.i n' me around her finger, she had to ehurC' h instr ad of k C'C'pin ' h er e~' C S on tJ1e preachrr that r ute, tanta lizi11' wa~ with he1;. I rec 'lect one or. clown at her hook lil\C a mode. t:' girl bould 'n bedny when sh e was still a baby ittin.' in my lap(Continued on Page 23) a �I W e ·s t e r n C o mr a d e The The Job By FR~NK AY, l\~ay, " said a young girl to' her working companiolJ. as they . sat dipping chocolates on 't h e fourth floor of a large canuy factory, " who was the guy you were out with last night.?" ' ·.Aw, '.' r eturned l\iay ·carelessly, " just a ' pick ' what come along at <tuitt iu ' time last ni ght. Calls him elf t: entld \Ya r:n et:, ;;;o n of a \Vall Stt·eet hr·ok er. Like as !JOt, though , his name's Smith an ' his old man 's a plu mlw t·. . , And her blu e eyes spnrldcd as he tossed her blond e cu rl s. "Didn 't he show Yfll l a good t imd" queried the fi rst girl. ·' Xo ]d el( t ll ct·c, Hos<•. \Vent down to a showrlinrl iP Chnp li n, he 's great thi s weel,- t ben to a •·a harn~·. 'l'h t· kid 11·as ti ush with hi s coin all ri ght. " " ( :t·v. I 1ri ~ l1 I was a man ," r eftec t~ Hose, Jho n:,dlti'Jdly. " th<' ll I woul<ln 't h:w e to work m a •·; Jnd .l· fado t·y nt six pr t·. ' ' " .Ti~g e r s! " warn ed May , " he!'c's Gihbons." :\. g lowering itHlivi<lu al approaP hcd, hover ed over 1I1 Pm fo r a mom<·nt and passcu on. His face was hard nnd stern , ann hi. sevr t·e srr utiny cau.s ed t he girls to tl'embl e. " \\"hat 's l1 e so · hl am c . sor e abo ut here lately, " · 11'11 isprt·Pd Rose wh en t he forrmnn was out of c.a rshot . "Sflcl ie." " \Yhnt 's shr done Y" "N'o thin ' -on ly- - " " Onl y \l'hfl t ?" :\fay gli!II Ccd m·onnd e:mtiously, t hen bending forll'fll'd ovt' T' lH' t' work turn ed her head toward Rose. " Rhe li t cnrd to thr hnn ch u pstairs k ickin ' about I'I'Ofr o· t:ion . You lm q"-, (ln ] y one fit·c escape and n ar l't lll' wooden stairs at t he back. Somebody ran to f: ihhons an d ' peached.'" " 'Wha t 'd Gihhons s11yV ' · " G11 vr h r r· lwll. Told l1er . he wa. hired to work nnd !not h icl<- t.lt en he cann ed her ." "A n ' th e bun ch upstairs ?" " Got th e same dose. Th ere must of been twentyfh·e of tl1cm." Agn in the · f01·eman bore down upon them, lik.e a . hnwk after its prey, pau. ed over the industrious girls then went on. "Go h ! " wbispe•·ed Rose in r elief, "tin cans were ringin' in my ears for a !p.Oment.'' · "I thought h e had us, too!" .returned May . H. WARE For several momep.ts they worked on speedily, silently. Finally when Gibbons was again over at the far 'end of th e room May whispered. "He," she said, indicating the foreman with a slight pod, ': ·~e 's got orders to cut down · expenses ·and get aut more. WO:J;Ji• • Fat chance t o g~t protection ·with them ' . kind ·of 'ord . rs fr om .-the . boss..''"Hm," r eturn d Rose thoughtfully, "maybe if somebody· wou~,d go pp ' to the fire commission with a · big 'kick.:- maybe tl.tey miaht--" . ~ ~ No :· ~h~nc' , Ro~. , 'I'hat' been tried befor~. 'Listen · here,. th olq man :: · a ~illioriaire-rides in Q. limousine and all that. Last week he gave a swell pt·iv'ate dinn ei~ to soine city ojjj cials and of cours~ a . bunch· or' theni 4:ire cominiSsioners ' was th er e an helped li ck up ·.tl1 e champagne. No>v what's your chance for protection. ' "I gu ess there . ain.'t none,' Rose sighed resignedly. ' 'You. ·bet · th .r c ~in 't, •' 11:nd May's words carried convi ction :With them. " Listen , Ro~e, " and May spoke very slowly , yet cautiously, "me . and you a:nQ. everybody el e in this building- and ther e must be a thou- . sand-need their job. The boss knows it--:. o does th e fit·e commission.'-'. . Saturday aitemoop ·came, -and instead of . th usual hal f holi day the ·toil ers in the candy fa tory w r made to work all clay. · · Late in the afternoon Rose tmn ed to M ~y , "~1'ay," she whi sper ed, ' ' Do you . mell apy!hin g1" May r aised her lH' nd and s11 iff d the r eel<ing air o.f. th r ir close and un comfortable room . ''Smell s like . molw, '' ~h e commented. "That's what J- -" "Fit·e!" screamed someone. In a mom nt wa wild disorder . "Fil'e! Fire !" echoed oth ers. Then came the mad sc ramble for th narrow stairway. Smoke by this tim e was pouring t hrough cracks in the floor, and, as the factory was of cheap wooden. mntC'rial , th e flames qui ckly spr .ad to oth r floors. · "May!" "Rose!'' "W.her e a1•e y ou 1" "Her e-I 'm- - " "Hurt ¥" " I don 't know-Gibbons knocl!ed ·me - " " Quick, May, giYe me your hand, the fire--" " J know- but th e smok e is so t hi ck. " {Continued on . Page "i6) ' .- �12 T he W-estern Comra,de .S ocialism and Farmers By J. E. BE M n;~-:===;w s l:iocialism beneficial to the farmer ! its con umer . For there can be no argument but that Let us see. Under Socialism all com- the patrons of l\fanche ter pay for the extra capital· petition in all vocations and walks of life inve ted-the extra labor pent and the extra profits will he eliminated. Instead of competi- -exploited by all the e ' needles concern . tion we wiU have co-operati on in all the EYery community operating undet· the economic dc·partments effecting the prod'nction y t;em· pay for and supports the unnecessat·y hopaud distribution of commeditie8. . Every . keeper in it 'mid t. For if the community doe n ot industr·y will be centr~lized under one pay for them who does Y fl(!ad and und er its owu management. This wi11 ob~ ·· And now about oc!ali m and the little farm. So. viously •·lim iuate many needless :voca!ions. eiali. m does not propo e to deprive the 'farmer of his 1'-:or will th ere be sc,·eral institutions ca nying on little farm : On the other hand , capita lism is eliminatthe sa uH· liue of business iir th e community neci>s:>itat- ing the little fa1·m. inl-{ th e nur ~·sha li ng of enormous useless cap ital fo .their· ' ~ in l 8 0 shows that 2ii% of nll the fat·m r·onstnu·tion, uor their c·orrcsponding waste l'l'S in the l'nlurd~States \\'er·c rent\'r·s; in. 1 90, 28'k ; in ti me aud wages. This will mean a trcm 1()00. :357< ; while the 1910 census shO\\'R 37'/n. iug to the farmers o[ t he r:ommunity w now bear Bttt that is n ot all. A large per ren ta ge of the farm the lll't ln t of thf" hunlen in th e support of tcsc needless e rs ·who hold paper title to theit· lands own. but an f'On cer·11s. L et me gi\·1: yo u a r·oricretc 'llustration of .eqn ity i'n the land itself. In other· wot·ds the farms wlrat is nwant hy th is lirnitHtion o[ ec•or mi r· worth. m·p mortgag-ed. And thnt th e incr ease in the number Nfan chestc r· is a little c·ou ll.N~.... .....n~•-"~~~•"~io•!:.;, .... ........ ............. . ..,.... .. , .. . . ~~·.....~-.."• ,,... . . .,,.~. ·-·,.i ~··n~ . . . . ' ...o.i . . .,.,l..!": . .; of mortgagPd fa rms from year .,i ..,oi o.,.~"• o,~ try town snrround ecl by a to yenr is in the same propor; ..~ ; ..; fn rrnin g commu nity. Jt has t ion as the increase in the numI nstead of th e d ismem- l::i four ele ,·ators anrl one mi ll bl'r of r enters. is t he opinion o'f herctl, disjointed and cut-throat sysr; buying- grain , maldng in a ll five ;"; tem whic·h is in yogue today, n~ti c ul­ t-:i m en who are best qualified to p laces that buy grai·n of th e turc will he or gnnized along th e line . :..1 g n·e u information on the i co rumunity. Un(lc t• OUI' modem of seientific prin ciples ; and all those t::t subject . system of handling grain one who eng-age in the industry. instead !::! A mortgaged farm er is only of lh <> selfish antl insane method. will U a !'it tle better· situated than 11 elevato r· cou ld h and le this grain aid t o mnk e it more effi eient and 1'-J r entPr. 'rhc only difference anrl unde r coll ective ownership • " '"' ,..;, '. ,.; , " ; .,,. ., . ... ... .,,., ,.,. " " o0 d t: IJ n ~ n i:i 1 1 we wou ld unqu estionably have J 1:~~;;.1~e~~n~;i~1 ~1:\~~a~h~~~/,~ the bet wePn the two is that one but one mnrket p lace fo r gain .., 1· pays intcrrst and the oth er in Manchest er. 'l'his would be a t~!:.:::.::: ::~= ::::::J:~:r..;; .'!:~::..::::::•"·::::::,..·::::::::::::: ,.. :··::::·:...:: !.:::~~:J:..£. r ent. 0 n<' is c x p 1oi tc d as direct. sav ing of t he capital used surely as is the other. A11d in building and maintaining the other four places that as th e land advances in value th e mortg·a ges and a r e not needed. amount of interest incr ease in proportion. Again there are three lumber yards at the present ·whil e I was practicing Jaw in a town in Northern where only one yard would be necessary under col- :\[inn.esota some years past, I had occasion to pass on lective ownership since all the yar ds. carry pra-ctically abstracts for a Massachusetts loaning company that the snme tock. H ere aga in we would have a saving was operating in the vicinity of the town where I was of the capital and en ergy n ow in building and equip- located. All the mortgages that were taken by thi ~ ping the other two extra and needless yards. company '~ith \·ery few exceptions were ·either r eThen we have seven dry goods and g r ocery stores newals or the taking up of old loans of other com· wher·c one store could effectively handle all the busi- panics. Invariably these loans were for a larger ness under collective ownership. Again a considerable amount than the amount of the old mortg~gcs. While gain of the aving of capital and lahor. And thus it the rate of interest in some instances might have been would be in all other lines now followed by several less than the rate for which the old mortgages procompetitors in the same town. This would mean an vided. yet the amount of interest to be paid was more incalculable gain to the farmers who are the patrons than replaced by r eason.. of the increased principal. of this town and who represent the large percentage of And what was trme in Northern Min.ne ota is true F �T h e W e B t e r n C o·m r a d e ererywhere where similar conditions exist. And similar conditions exist almost everywhere. There is but one practical solution for you and that is Socialism. The first rule of Sociali m is cooperation. Instead of the dismembered, disjointed and ~11 t-throat system which is .in vogue today, agricuit~re will be organized along the line of scientific principles; and all those who engage in th~ industry, instead of thr selfish and insane method, will aid to make it more 1~ efficient and thereby contribute his share to the betterment of the h.uman race. These are some of the general principles demonstrating the practieability of Socialism as effecting the · farmer. The large c~pitalist has 'long since seen the inherent folly of competition. Why not you fariners · also join iJ?- the triumphant march to.w ard which the civiliz d world is quickly passing- the Universal broth~. ' et·hood of man. ·· ' Su.n day and By "I ~DMUND R . BRUMBA Gfl . • ·t AM no Socialist,'' shouted Billy Sunday at one of ''Crime · breeds pov-er ty;'' 'said Billy Sunday. He his meetings in Omaha, .and fully five t~ousand picked _a high_ proporti_on-I:llnety-five per cent. We prople applauded. It was a pitiful spectacle, a heart- may wel!'question the s.tatement"with such a percentn·Bding exhibiti on of hypocrisy and ignorance; let us age in view.· 'l'hink .what it means! That the poor he kind and say it was mostly the latter. Hypocrisy are poor bec&u e· of th ~it: sin, that the extent of their i;; too serious a charge to be hurled lightly. poverty expos~s the extent of their shortcomings! :\Ir. Sunday may consign to fire and brimstone Were it so, Mr. Sunday would have to work ha:rder . those who disagree with him; probably he would re: than he does, 'and it would ~~ke him a thousand years serve for me the hottest place in the bottomless pit; to make even a d·e nt in the devil 's -armour. Two-thirds hut J shall not r etort in kind. Reason and policy for- of the people would -b~ beyond rede~;nption and half of hid it. The dogma of eternal torture seems indescrib- the rema,inder crini.inals at heart. The washer-woman, ably hideous to me and to deny those attributes of slaving over her tub, would be a. fiend iricaruate, and justice and mercy ascribed to God and without which the perfumed female in her limousine an angel of light. Tic is not God at all. Besides it is better to be known Surely, Mr. Sunday does .npt always realize the--im· as a friend than an enemy of religion, religion having port of his words. so vital a bearing on human life and conduct, and to ''You cannot produce ·good conduct by mere legisexpress one's self too bluntly is apt to lead some to lation,'' claimed Sunday as a · clmcher to his attack misunderstand. · on Socialism. It sounded like a sentence from .a spee~h l\'Ir. Sunday speaks much truth. No one .:an at a liquor dealers' convention. But who ever said doubt it who is fair enough. to give him a hearing. He that you could make men good in this way f. Certainly also says what is not true, and this it is that calls for not a Socialist. That statutes are not the source of rrply. Being but a man, he is open to criticism. Lips morality is a big, basic element of the Socialist phil~ that speak truth one moment are not given leave to osophy. There is hardly a limit,• however, to th.e eflie the next, and only cowardice could ask that false- ficacy of law when backed by widespread, intelligent public opinion. To contend otherwise is to take hood go unchallenged. "I am not a Socialist." . Mr. Sunday uttered the up the cry of anarchy, to plead for a state in which words as if denying an accusation of something ex- greed-inspired fraud ai!d brutal force occupy jointly tremely reprehensible. "Why?" we may ask. Has the seat of power. Mr. S~nday gets much notoriety. Millions will hear he ever given a moment to fair, unbiased study of economic problems? What does he kno.w of conditions and read his sermons who ·will never see these lines. confronting !he lives of the poor of today? Is be con- The truth is hampered. A thous~nd forces combine versant with the works of Thompson, Wilson, White, . to keep it down. We have ·reason to rejoice, however; Car, Tucker and Rauschenbusch- all Socialists and the t ruth cannot be killed; it proceeds from God and all Christians? If not, why not? Is it because he partakes of -His immo.r tality. It must and it will .b e thinks that souls can be saved _from sin and prepared triu.mpbant. The Golden Age is before us. Showers of material for life eternal and sinless whfie the bodies o.f workers are maimed and broken through toil and need and and spiritual blessings are in store for mankind. Chrissrnt to early graves 1 Why is b_fr. Sunday not a Social- . tian and Jew, Protestant and Cat}:10lic, believer and ist 1 It is up to him to give a satisfactory answer or be non-believ:er- workers of the world, let us- reach out convicted of trying to serve both God and MAmmon. and take hold of our heritage. ' �The Weste ·r .n Comrade Age Limit a By FRANK E. WOL·F.E "W HA'l' is your age limit ?' ' is a question fre- dist:ard ed like th e obsolete machinery of yesterday! qu ently ask ed by those making their first Beaten and bludgeoned in the fierceness of the struginquiry about th e Llano d el Rio Communi"ty . The qu·es- gle,- m en and women come to us· with bruised head;> and ti on has a tra gic s ignifican ce for thousands of work&rS sore h earts. Almos t from birth th ey haV:e been robbed, still in th e ir· prim e days of u se fuln ess. cheated a nd : exploited by m e r ciless masters, and the " I am stron g and vi gOI'OUS, and can d o th e b est -iron .is in m~ny ~o').lds . Suspi cion an(J. distrust ha:s bed a y 's wo rk of my life; yd I was among th e fh·st to ~ e · o~ e a .. part. o f' t lie.ir n a ture. Slow apd diffi cult is t he laid off in my s hop, and my g ray ha ir h as prevented pro~ess. of disarming an d - r eass.u ring th em . · " I t looks mr fr om ge ttin g a j ob, though J am" but f orty-seven , too· good ' 1 is an expresi!io·n w e h a ve h ea rd a th ousand a nd in goorl hea lth ,·· IITih·s a n1an J ro m on e o[ t h e t imes. . B ut, comra d es, it is coming ! W e get a hi g r a ilroad r·c nt:r rs. b et ter iu1d'er st and'i n g a~ th e v ision grows. The p roTh r· f<·a r of th e loss. o f 1h(• j o b is e \·C.I' presen t with n oun '~ w e'' tak es on a sw eeter sound th a n "they."· 111<' .\nwri •·an wo rk e r. As th r t•r ntrali zati o n o f " Out:" p ossess i on~ in la n d, w ater, stock a nd m ac hin e 1·~·. \\'t•; d1 h ~cws fo nr a nl . ' th P sPiZIII'<' of t hr so 11rees 1s n1o i·p n tlu rihlP tha 11 " min e .. , Hope r en ewed , confiof li ft· <· losPs o1 h r r a r r nu rs t o deriee in h um a ni ty r estor ed, t hP ~· o un g-P r ml' n . nnclth e oltl r 1 broth erl y fre ling a~d comradennr•s 111'1 ' l'P Jlhl t·P d . ~r o tfP rll ];J :s hip grows. 'I'll <' lkl'la ra ti o n of lJrim·ipl es inho r sa 1·in g mnc· hin e ry and t he \Y e a r e pion eerin g, bu t some til l' ('onsti t uti o n of t he T.1la n o del "s pc·c·clin g- up " pror·css h as of ou 1· ex p eri enced me n lau gh at Hi o Communi t y co nta in s th P -foll ow : f' I'OII' cl c·d 1he· middl r-ngrcl m nn th at. an d ·d ecla r e if t h ere is in 1-r p nr ag rnph : on t of inclu s1ri es. p io n <•e rin g, . it is a ·d e luxe T he duty of the commun ity to th e in d ividua l is to a dmini st e r ju stice, . ln 1l1 c• Ll a n o d l'! Ri o Co mII H' I hod. to elim inate greed and se lfi s hn ess, t o llllllli1~· th t> trngr d y of th e agin g Onr Yision of t h e f uture . ecl ueate a ll , a nd to a id a n y in .tim e find s no pln f'P. Th er e, n o on e is n eare r to ·r ealizat ion · ·. (·O llll'S , o f' age or mi sfortun e. Jlii S]I t> rJ 11sid P. \V' ilJin g- nf'SS t o J n te r est . in. t his 'l'h c· <l Pil (' l'al Ass e m hl y of 1he dn on t· 's hrs t , to mal\e th e efdfo rt to pu t th e co-oper a ti ve c·O illlllllll ity ha s pnssrJ resolu t ions for t. is 1hP o nl y I' Pqui site. Th e 1h t · o i·~· in to practice grow.s jn plc ·d g- in )! th e p eo ple o f L la u o to _I' Ollllg-. c it y-hrr d r lc rk , wh o a l111ost r 1·c r~· E-n glis)l-s p eaki ng n·JI(l <: l' :1id 11n d s npp OI't to th eir co mc·O JI!d r :ll'l')' hnt fo nr hri r k s rn d rs " ·!10 m nv be OYl' rt a k eit hv r·ou.n t ry. at·c· id Pnt , ill hL;Illth o r in ab ility t~ 1'1·o m t ht · mill and w l1o worl\ Nl \V e n l'c m nkin g a d em on stra1\'tll'k . '!'h is ;w nt im l' n t is s hnred ali kr• IH•s irl l' a g- ri zzlrcl 111:111 tll'i rc his 1 io11 of won d e r ful su ccess. W e h_,. _,·o lln g- a11cl ol<l in th• · c·o l o n~·. :q:r•· c·IIIT~· in g- a f nll mou] (l of a rt• n ot g r opin g: w e h ave fou nd • ~ ix , l'ollnd th rre a J' eYe r sa l o f Olll' 11·n ~·- " ln s unnoun tahl c" oht lit · nil <· in th r outsitl r w orl d. s t ac lt·s han· JH'O \·en easy w hen H ow, hitt e r· th r h<HII' wh r n o nP f ull of Iii'• ·. :11·ti n· ap pi'OaC' hecl wi t h dett· rm in ntion a nd confiden ce-an d in and enge r t o go on d oin g- rt mnn ·s w or k fi n<l s himsPli' thi s som r of our s tl'ongcst and m ost in dom itable spi rits g-t•JJtl.v 11111. pt' rs is tcntly thrw;;t ns idc h cca 11 se of hi s ngc' 11·P rl' til os!' 11·h om- r·a.pitali sm h ad pus hed a ide. Enl'orcrd idl en ess, iJwoluntary ph ysiral s t·ngnation , di sl11 1ht' f nlln Pss of t he ir yra l's w e sh all t cn dr l'ly care c·ollra ge mr nt , nn d loss o f f'O nfi d en ce iu on e's self, is f'ol' !lUI' c·oml'<t rl <•s, 11·ho h a 1·c wrou g ht in our mu t ual scn·fjni c• kl~- f'o llowetl hy m r nt al fa iln1·e nnd a life d es t royed it· c·. ;tl HI1h t·i J· tl rl' linin g d ays sh a ll he fi ll ed wi t h sunsh ine at a tilm e o f its f1illn ess wh en ripe ex p e ri en ce should. nnd j oy of li fe a m?ng th e ir own p eopl e. mnk r ::.rr·vi Pe more 1·aluahl e. "' t Lln no we ha v e plmm cd t o proYid e for th e f uture \\' hat horror ovc1·com es th e w ork er wh en h e r each es h~· makin g th e soil wi t h its b oundl ess fec undity proditcc th e nnclrrstnnding at last that nowh er e is h e w a nted: r 110U gh to eow 1· nil our n eeds o f f ood , clothing, sh elter. that yonth th a t · can be speed ed is prefe rred b ecaus e . Pdu eat.i ou , a mnRem cnt a nd social life; th er e, I sa y, we pr·ofits mnst flow ; that th e maste r will b e serv ed- n o h op e to so lift th e bm·d cn that th e workers, fr ee from matte r· what hopelessness! What more dismal, sonl- h aunting f ear·, shall sta nd e r ect as fr ee m en and w om rn drpressing though t could com e to th e worke r than that dmmtl ess and h a ppy in th e assura n ce of safe ty in ·the soon he will hr lll'ushed asid e-scrapped and ruthl essly clnys to come. ,rriy -.' �The Western · Comrade 15 Sno-w Caps Greet Colonists By R. K. WILLIAMS S~O\Y-COVERED range glistening in the bright .sunshine for·m a most entraneing. morning background for-the white tenthouses and the more subdued eoloring of sfone and · brick buildings on the llano. While the high mountains arc snow coYer·3d weil down into · the ...; timhPt' line, th(} bright sun warms the ndley and the alfalfa fields haYc taken on a more viYid i!l'Pt'll. \\'p had a quartt'r of an inch of rain on the nr•·sa hut mu eh rnon· than that must IHI\'C fallen on tlrt• mountains haek of us. Tilt• sno\1' in tlrt• lnountains lllt'illls a bountiful suppi,,· of \ratt·r for th P nrx t ~-t•ar. :-;ollll' of it will r ca(' h tlrt• eolo11y t,,-o or thret> years hence. The a•·tion of .1\'atnrc at work i11 tlrr hills c·oul<l hr sren fr·om tlr<· plain hclow and proved a h•·aut iful and mag-nificent sight. Two Jays ' snowfrr ll sufficrd to Ji ll the can~·011s, cuts an<l draws of th e monnt11 in sides. Sinec t IH·n sunshi11e has lwam cd d<M\'n in thr samr plerrsant way of millsummrr. \Yith the exceptions that the evenmgs and mornings arc ehilly, some ice forming on standi ng water, the climate is vcr·y much the same as that of a month ago. \\' armcr clothes are being brought from t.runl;:s and other plaees and worn, much to the comfort of the people. Old residents of these pat·ts tell us that snow in the mountains at this tinw, is a month earlier and assur·es an ahnntl an cc of water for m•xt season\ ir~igation. T it is fact is \'t•r·y welcome as th e colony has he en stead ily clcar·ing land and many more a cres will havt· !)(•en lc n·l(•d aiHJ planted by sprin g so that 11ddetl wa t ers will find a pr·ofitahlc outlet. Ch illy weath er lr as not dctencd memher·s fr·om .]ormn g us. Nea r·ly every day one to two new rt>sidrnls srttl c down and hegin to make th cmsclvrs at hom(•. Tit(• (·olony now has n ca r·l.v 700 r esident;;. This is a eonsidcrahle in<·rrase over· last month. 11 ist or·_v becomes sial very quickly Things are continuously !~lOving forward. Every day sees something new in th e shape of house , tents, new land ·prepare4 for various t hin gs. 'J.'he commissary c~lrries pn its books 157 trad ers, n;early ;11l h.eads of fqmilies. The hotel takes ca re of frOIQ. 125 ' to 140 daily. · '!"he ~ embly hal-i in 'the, club· house, which is also used for· the .dini'i.Jg to'cim, has been en larged and even no'" . i · inaq(tquatc to meet the r equirements of the Polorj_v. 'l'he. fi · t demonstration of its inadequateness wns on last .8atm·day· night, wh en the usual dan<'e was hc.I<I. So · ma·ny p eople gatlH•red about the floor that tiH: al'!ual. daneing- plaee Sl'Pmetl smaller· than usual. This fac·t is extr·pm r ly gr·atifyiitg._ '\\'t> wonld reg r·et to think that we had more. room than we n eeded. It helps a lot to know that there is a greater demand fo r· space, for houses and other things tl1an we are able to supply fully; though it is rather ·r ough on th e ones not comfm·tably fixed . . As a matte r· of fact the time may never come whe n .we really will be ahead of the d emand for homes and space. 'l'his is the way to grO\\' and gives assurance that p rople c \·erywhcre are wakilrg up to the fact that we have hcr·e a demonstration worthy of Ur~;-.participation of everyone and that hy such parti<'ipation a grrat coopera tive enterprise, str·onger, more substantial than any t'\'Ct' launched and mainiuinrrl, will he a concrete entity. \\' ord from a 11 parts of the l ' nit ed Stall's r···aehes us that the "eyes of the Social·i st world " an· upon us. Visitors a~d traveler s tell us that <·YPry wh cr·c q-uestions ar·c being asked about the c?lony . Thr-y nl so tPll ns that the only d eterrent to many more joining us is the in it ia 1 price r equired before the nwmht•r r•an secure a worl<ing contract. 'l'his, of cmnse, lws to hp dow' . as \\' C ar·c still living under capitalism and wr· vet ha,·c to work on capitalistic lines, especially with th~ nutsiJc world. Inside the colony group itself , .,.1',\' lit t I<· Jti'Pd o f money is rxpe ricneed , but this does not 11wntJ that tlw mPmli r r <·oulrl not usc money here �16 Llario del ·R io ·c o-op·e rati Montessori Class. Teachers, Right to L eft : Prudence. Stokes Brown, Director ; Mildred G.-Buxton, and Adeline S. Horne: �l ' Comrade omtnunity As ..It Is To.d ay Enjoy Their Play-Work iD the UII.SbiDe. The Cottonwoods Furnish Shade (or the AtfretcO Boom ... �18 T h e W e s t e r n· 0 o m r a d e with which t'o procure things we do not carry, in ·a.se such things are wanted. However, money is not needed in the colony for exchange purposes, for all of our barter and trade is carried on in a credit way. . 'l'he even te~or of colony life and the effects of mutual assistance is fast showing results in the younger generation. A new psychology is being created in ... .-.the boys in the schools and in the general colony life, and the example of work being done aooperatively. For instance, upon George Pickett's return from the north; when• he had been on an exped ition of explaining· the c·olo11y and other business, he formed a group of boys, rangi11g in age from 7 to 14 years, and started to work on a bad piece of r·oad, just west of to~n. 'l'he first day, t hir·tccn boys formed themselves around him, and during the day they worked like Trojans. It took all of Picd; ett 's persuasi\)e powcr·s in keeping them fr·om ovenloi11g their tenuer museles. So anxious were the liltl c fellows to show results th e firs~ day, that they swallowcu their· midday lunch in ten minutes, and whil e Pickett was up the road a short ways exploring, he r eturned and found them hard at worck. · Nearly two miles of excellent road work was done the Jirst day. \\'h en the trucl<s came in after dark, the drivcr·s said that the moment they struck the . repair·ed piece of road the difference could be noticed. 'l'he second day's lineup showed twenty-th.r ee arclrnt youngsters r eady and they trudged off under the leadcr·ship of Picl<ett with their picks, shovels and rakes. Pickett facetiously. called them his "Coxey Army" and the boys fell into the humor of the joke. More work was don e the second .day than the first and the third day sufficed to complete, in· good shape, five miles of once very bad road. 'J'he wod;:ers were rewarded with a taffy pull in the bal<ery under the atjspices of Mrs. Pickett. one but the workers "·as allowed to indulge in the good things passed around and many wer·e the longing looks and much moutj1 watering occasioned in boys unable to get into the gang. The next big job for the boy!! will be to brush up the horse barn and help mak e the faithful Result of Two Hours' animals warm and cozy and protected from the cutting wind$. The boy ' slogan, worthy of all ~rnnlation, is "No work, ·no 'eat!!.' ' Here's a list of the little stalwarts that. help~d to show the r suits of coop,Emi tion in action: pa;vid W allace, Eugene Fredericks, :Merril Wallace, . Raymond \Vard, W arran Powers, Harry Pike, Clarence Fremont -Tohn Price, I er I verson, Lee Fread, l\Iaurice Eldridge, Leonard Zimmerman, Sp nc r :J,3rown, Ro s· · Brown, Harold 1\1i;llar, Orvil MJllar, Carl Miller, Warren Fread, Everett Morri on, Chester Morrison, Beb,el Alonzo. Ir'vin Barlow ·.Richard Raw lin , Merle Bowman and . William Carr. . · · . .· The transportatio-n department, working under diffifl~lties, i~d· ed, is improving vastly and on Sunday last seven truck load were pulled into the colony. This depleted the immense pile of stuff at Palmdale qu,ite a lot. For t4e past four day nearly forty tons of materials, foodstuffs and household goods were draw.u into .Llano. .Three trucl\S running almost steadily are now. doing go.od. work and r eal r esults can be seen at' this and at the Palmdale end. With a clearing up of the freight 'situati'on man.y of the colony 's difficulties will· have been ~olved. As the freight arriving and departing is sure to grow more and more, this phase of colony . efficiency will require eternal vigilance and ·work. However, there is a sangu.i ne hope that tr·oubles in this direction will b e . solved · in the natural course of the colony's un.f~ldment. The colony has been excl)edingly enriched by the receipt of a complete sawmill, shipped from. near Oak: land. 'l'he capacity of ·this mill is in the neighborhood of 30,000 feet daily. Doubtless it wi,ll be set up here at th e colony and the logs hauled from the nearby mountains ·a nd ti.lrned into the sort of lumber required. By having the mill her e, it is figured that great saving of lumber will be made and in addition have the slabs and ends of firewood , wh~ch will mean labor saved. Wheat plantin g is well tmder way and by the time this magazine r eaches the public more than J20 acres will ·have been put in. Land has been prepared for oats · and barley · aDd fruit trees and the tractor is busy at work with a crew clearing more land for the spring planting: of pear , apRabbit Hunt at Llano p]('~. cer eals and al- �T h e W e s t e r·n C o m r a d e 1~ falfa. By spring there windows new individual will be a large area dedesks were put in, the pu-. roted to alfalfa, how ~ils formerly being seated much at this time it is . · at tables. difficult to say. The work of the Twenty-six tea~ are grades is very similar to i.J usy at work leve1ing th~t of the city. ·As yet la n~l.. Weather condition.s domestjc seience haS not probably will permit this been started, but within ."Ort of labor for a considthe next month a building vr·able time. will be e rected for that The building departpurpose. ment is working hard to :rhe Montessori Kinpr·epare places "for the indergarten, which is the eoming people and are pride of the colony, is iii. Mining Limestone tor _the Kiln st ill behind. However, .charg~ of Mrs. PrudencE~ tlrL· rc is hut littl e actual , Stokes Brown and her as"" ff!' rirr g-. thou gh somP dis<:om.fort, fro m this phase of ~istants. 'l'hor:e a·re fifty-four children enrolled. Tl).is . ,.,J!o rry life. l'i•opl c generally eoming in have brought \l·ork is carried ·on at the Goodwin Ranch. They· bavP. thei r owu equ ipment, so that a few hours' labor suf- a scve~-;·oo~ bu.ild.ing, whlch.is well equipped for such lil"es to pu ~ up a substantial and comfortable place to work. '.i.'he children are take~ to and from 'the kinderlive. ga r·ten ·by autom'obile. · These daily rides are a source Th e schools in J_,lano a r·e progressing. In the high of great j-oy. to the wee ones. The high school department holds session in a large sL·hool th ere are twenty-three pupils in some studies and nineteen in all th e studies. C. IV. Hunton, the room at the hotel. They are in charge of Mr. C. W. tL·arher, is greatly pleased with the fine showing and Hunton and wo~k is carri ed on in t he arne manner as is t• nt husiastic o\·er· th e interest shown hy pupils and other high schools. A new addition .t~ the school system is-the night · parents iu his parti cular branch. At the present time there are more than 260 pupils school, which is a popular pl.ace for the -men and altrndin g the yarious schools and ·this numher is rap- women as for the boys and git·ls. Almost any subject irlly being recruited. In addition to the regular schools desired can be taken up, but the class that has the now in progress, there will be added mor e studies along most students is the Public Speaking and Enghsh, ind ustrial and agricultural lines. 'l'h e latter will be which is in -charge of Mr. Etherton. Another well attended class ~s the ;music class under the super vi ion of ine;lndcd in a ni ght cpurse. A wit·eless telegraph club has been oJ•ganized a nd 1\Tr. P age. Night school is in session six nights a week' and a work begun on the construction of a station t)1at will hr fully up to the standar·d and of commercial capacity. great deal of interest is be~n g shown by the well at:'lfuch interest was evinced and it is the intention to tended classes. 'fal<en as a whole the school of Llano will stand in rrach t hose desiring to learn this faseinating method of f·ommunication both in. th e electrical a nd telcooraphic the lead with any of the county schools. Up to the pre~ent ·time t here are 130 pupils in the work. Plans are being considered of aerials, wheth.er to mak e a temporary set or to go for the permanent grades, fifty-fou r in t he Kindergarten, twenty-five in thin g at once. A wide fi eld will be opened when the the high school and about fifty in the night school, or about 260 people of all ages attending some branch wir·cless is in actual operation. Son' c of t he diffi culti es besetting the formation of of t he Llano school. In connection with the school work, a Parent and Llnno schools, and detailing th e present conditiO!J of 'l'cachers' Association has been fo rmed, so that i h thPm. i~ fully set forth in the following a rticle from parents can be in touch with the work of the school 1 he pen of Miss Grace "lVL Powell, one of the teachers and see and he!P. the school in its many problems. in Llano. These meetings are held twice a month. They are well LTHOUGH there were neither doors nor wind~ws attended and much interest is heing shown in t hew by in th e new building, it was very pleasant durmg the parents and teachers. Work on our new $5000 schoolhOtJsc will soon be the warmer weather and before the cold weather came begun. the windows were put in. Besides th_e doors and A �~20 The Western Comrade Life On the Llano By R. K. WILLIAMS ing build this great · project, a proj.e ct that means absolute freedom from worry .and contented old age .. Job Harriman 's enthus.iastic optimism is shar!)d and echoed by all the friends of this wonderful. effort at co.· operation. He says that we have a principality in the making and the way that it is to be made is for the individuals themselves to work and pull together for that one great end. Anyone who is willing to ·come here, brave some hardships, pui up· with some di&comforts, go a little short now and then on the table and wear a few less handsome cloth~s, will be welcome here. This will be, we feel, a ·temporary con9,ition. We invite the wo.r ld to come and visit us. But to the quesA Nook In the Adobe Home of Chance Scott tions: A lady from Kerman writes and ·asks six questions. Orie "~~~® ~~~ ~!:~~ OW w, Li•' ot Llonn" hao •timd up of the questions is difficult to answer and I doubt the some enthusiasm and this dep.a rtment wisdom of attempting to answer it. · The query is: _ has recei vcd seveml COil!illunications in ''What provision have you made for bringing up the the Jast few days poming in all sorts ch ildren with a religious training 1 I feel that I want of questions. lt is very gratifying, in- my chil9ren to have Sunday school and to be brought deed, to note the interest taken, and to up with a feeling of reve;ence for God." ~ . read the words of commendation, sayAs yet we have no r egular provision for "religious ing that these hints are very helpful, training" in the popular acceptation of the phrase. · and that they can rely upon the information thus We feel that parents who have arrived at the age of purveyed. discretion should be able to bring up their children When one is filled with enthusiasm for a thing, along these lines pretty much as they ought to go. As it is hard to hew close to the line, but this we have de- there are so many sects and creeds it would be hard to termined to do. We have grown so large and have install the Sunday school that would be satisfactory so much development work done to show the prospects to all. We have people of all sorts of religious beliefs and 1 other visitors that we do not find it necessary to in the colony, a.nd we have some with no beTief at all .. expatiate in rhapsodies or attempt to juggle· at all To establish a colony religion, so to speak, doll:btless with the cerulean. All that is needed is to give a clear would be very distasteful to a large majority of resiexposition of facts and if the facts prove unpalatable dents here who feel they have sufficient intelligence to or act as a deterrent upon the intending .member, th~n individually work out these problems for themselves. we conclude that that person is not very determined The feeling is that if colonists want to hold "divine of heart and is looking for something that we haven't worship" it :,hould be held within the sanctity of the got here. We have no apologies for the colony. We home, and that none of the present public bmldings have but kindly feeling teward everyone who is help- used for the purpose, and also th;re is a rule that if :. 'H g. �Tke Wester · Comrade auyou wants to propagate any particular religious that individual must submit to the open forum aud answer any questions put. !:Socialists the world over do this, as well as mo t other Jines of human uplift invite interroga~o.n . As a •·ule, the expounder. of the go pel does not do tbis. \\'hcnev r the proper person comes along qualified to comes ·o f urgeons and d to •uri tPach ·the Bible in the prop~r way, that is as generall ,_ fre doin experienced _by tba individual an~ tb k 1~ lwant d, then that person will have an opportunity o · do-e that ome: tim ' h would b b 'ond · ~11 po ibl ,Jij;play hi~> profundity and skilL · Until then, probably, want in . :tddi~wn t~ the at.i fa ~ n tlta.t h would tlu~ Hunday IH:hool, as regularly known, will have to be be' doing a noble. w9rk, would more than omp n a "mall group affair. b t ·. en tbe tire i a:nd the large j.u om tha l~ h p \\' c IJelic\'e that r evet·ence to God is shown by rever- to receive. · l'll<· in~ autl hcipin'g one 's brothers and sisters and that We bav~- no 4'.enti tat. the pr s t tini. \! !ll!d <·HU he Sl'l'll in the faces of all, if deeply sought and had OUr h!>pes dashed SeV raJ tim 1 bu d,!) D t d pair tl~:tt <lo<l can he seen in these giant hills and valleys and of getting one s~on. Thi i no pr mi that w · will tlr;tt • 'aturc's god smiles from the carpet of flowers bave·a good dentist soon, but it can b aid that w ar adMuing th wide plains. • in comnmnication ~th a 'good man, ,who may m in. The same lady asl's how goods from the commissary Yes, we have' a barber and he is a good on . He;trc distributed. has a ne~t shop, · !Uld pr-actically all tb u ual thing Tltc answer· to this will be repeated. There is no obtainable· in a city sl1op .can b. obtain d fro.m hi cleI'~'J.(IIIa•· delive1·y wagon to convey groceries f rom the partment. Charges .are 15 cents for a shave a.nd 25 ro rnmi ~sar·y to the homes. '!'here is an attempt to· have cents for a _haircut. H . sells tickets whiclt l' dtl e the all tit colonists do their shopping in the morning. It above figures ~omewbat and the cost. is char_g d a run t, is urgrd th at they brin g their own receptacles for carry- the individual having the work done and credited to inJ.( nway provisions, etc. As remarked before, baskets his department. We could have a telephon h rc con~no n run out and the distance to the source of supply (Continued oli Page 2,4) is so gr·ent, that intending ' r··~id nts at·c requested to hr·ing with t hem baskets and P~prc inlly jars, buckets or . hot ti cs to convey liquid matl'rinls, sn h a vinegar-, honey, s~·n1p. , oil and the lilfe. Let it b mphasized that the lliOI'C c mpletely one provides thPm, elv with the accustomed things at home, the bett ,. and more ati fied will they b , and incidentallY. save u nll con iderable outlay in ~:reed, at up en. h. The n t four que, tions grouped. 'l'hey are: Hav ou a m dieal doctorT nenti t t · (and my hu band want to know about tl1e barb r) and telephone T' nfortunat.ely· we ltave no ntMieaJ man with n . The opportuniti for a broad-mindetl nnd 1i t-ela doctor are unlimited. We ba e an ideal elimat here for the curing of Corner in tbe Tent House Occupied by Dr. R. K. WIDfam• .· �22 The Weste?:n Comrade Tlie Church and Llano By ALBERT A. JA .M ES ~~~:IREQUE '!'IN we are asked if we have a Those who have blindly followed ·f ormalities have, at the Llano d el Rio Colony. at times, shown evidences. of having realized there is a The variaus forms in which this question · . econd ·ommandment, as well as a .first, a~d have a is asked emphasizes the fact that in- tempted. to sli-ow the South Sea I la!lder that it is not numerable . religions and sects have in harmony with t he t eachings of the Nazarene for him SIWUng up, as a r esult of the compctiti•ve .to slay h is btotheJ;, put hi.m .in a .pot, cook him and' eat systein. " ' . him; but th'e's e same for~ality . worsh.iP.ers will boldly 1t seems t hat a n ew sect or "moral defend our · present · industrial system whereby the standard"- has developed, as a r esult" of each form of· stroiJ.g dev,qur the i~eak, by absorbing d~ily the greater c·xploitation. J<~o r ·instance, 'vc have: the captains of ·part ·of the production of the workers, through a sys~ i11dustry of the Thaw-White type, cmj)loying a "Billy . tem :o~ profit~, rent an4 interet. 'l'hey fail to sec that Sn ll<lay" to tell their ,\rage Slaves that they will go to . to- cons~m·c -a TQan 's time is to consume· his life. They hPll if th ey drink booze. \Vc heat· these same captains do not stop' at consuming a .man 's time, but consume of industt·y sny tliat th ey could well afl'Md to pa_v ·tbe t~me ' and life of the women and babies, grinding Su td ny $50,000 a wed\ , b ecause of the profits th ey into pr'Ofits the li\'.eR . and souls of the most h elpl ~s make hccause of the increasf'd <>ffici en·c y of their men. members of our race. <·au sed by Sunday's work. . '\\\· IH'P not at all tlisturhed wh en the defenders of. Unfortunately, Billy ::.lull(lay has to put-a few cxtr·a th e P!·esent iru}u;~;_tt·ial system u ·e every means to retard · tone}tt'S Oil thr lt f'l] of a g<>ncration ago, in order to the work of _those who WOUl.d cstabli~h a COmmunity g-<'t a contrast with th f' lwll the st<>el workers a re forced where tb'e ·god of profit ·is not .worsi1ipped and where to live antl worl< in at Pittshnrg. the rights of th e individu al aJ'e ·ouserved throu"'h eoThis Pxtra tou('h '"hieh l\h. Sunday gi 1·es to his opt>r·ativ<> ownet·ship of the means of pr·oduetion . Tho ·e who preach submi. ion to the present cqncli-. pidtll'<• of lr l·ll off<•nds th P aPsth PtiP tastes of the R cY. A ke<l , who would warn an offil'c hoy to h e loyal to his tio11s and forget that. jnstice should be one, are quick lll11 S1.f' r an<] not trail<• OffiC(' ser-r<!tS fOl' a ti<•k ct- tO thr tO COlldcmn. rhosc WhO \TOnld teach th-e wage slave hnll game. But h_r would h olrl in r everence the $10.000 of today to he patic:>nt ~mel 11~•c and bye everything will a yt•;tt' Bishop, who would tra de his ability to draw a he lovely , are ear cftil .to see that th er e is pie ·in the t· t·owtl to the fa ithful Epw01·th J,eagn e· worl<:er s of his cnphoard today at thcit• own home. ' Js- it any wonder t·lnrt·t·h , for $100 per night. that th-~ workers arc tire(! ot: su ch preaching and are ·we are sometimes conllernncd lweanse we .do not seekin g 1111 asylum ft·om thosr wlio " ·ould coin the mot huiltl a church at the eolony. Pl ease tell us, you who sarrrtl belief of man into mon<>.v ano srlf-;tggrandizeth ink you. are fol lowers of tlw lowly Nazar·<>n e, who ment 1 we would accept in .that ehurch Y ·would yon f'XIVt' havr frequ<·utl_v ~sk Nl !·Ot·t·rsponde.n t s who clnde from it t h e ,Jew, ot· would you accept th e J ew . •·h11nor fot· clmrclws t o st'IIO us the pl~ns of th (• <·hul'(·h antl Pxeludr the 1\'fo-rmon, ot· would you condemn to wh er·r the Carpent<• r of Nn;r,m·eth wot·, hipp Nl. h11t <'V<'t·lasting pnni.·hiuent both the .Jew and thr Mormon non<> h as heen forth <>oming . Ilave w e a pl ace of worsh ip~ Yes, we have God's Hnd accept only the Methodistv Tt may h e you would have us build a church · for· . great, m1limited Ct'Nttion of mountain and plain. '\Ve each of th e various sects which the competitive system hreathr the pme ai r, 1mpollutr~ by the breath of l1im IH}S o<>vnloped, If so. we would n eed more chur ches who shouts the praise of a murderous army or shrug, thnn row stHnehions. . his shoulcletJ:ndiffcr rntly when the t ate literally \vould you have us continue the practice ·of build- t ears the head fron~ thr body of its victim at. a legal in g hundred thousand dollm· edifices in the name of h anging. thr Carpent.er, and mortgage the soul , the conscience No, we have no visible ehnrch ; but 'I'V e have a· deano the honor of those who "worship" there to· the termination to ernse f rom our h earts that cannibalistic money lender of the community¥ Would you have us spirit (our heritage for generat ions) and establish in hn ilrl these great palaces and d edicate them to the wor- its stcHd that spirit of rcHl hroth erhood which not only ship of the Carpenter wh o had no place where h e could revolts at mnking a pot i·oast of_our brother , but also ·r efuses to eat his t ime or consume his wife and babies. lay his h ead Y ·a �... 2.3 Tke Western Comrade Sophy The Mexican People (Continued f rom Page ' 10) ha vin ' proper in the chosen house God, she 'd look - a round and aro und with t hem big Mack !=Jyes, th en vll of it sudden they'd ct·inkle up, 'n she'd begin to bite tl1em full r•·d lips o ' her 'n- 1 gu ess Satan tu;l! le ht r mouth- 'n like as not "h" 'd disgra ce us by niclcerin ' out ln111L 'N IYh r n w e g ot home 'n had to i'<H-e !-iam 'l she'd be gin to trim Ill•·. 'n ma:v he a 11 she'd say was that l~nlt her Ba r kcr was tryi11' to get a ,-h•·w of t oha(·kct· out o' his pocket wit ho11t Sister Ba t·k cr see in ' him . .\ s if Tom Bark e r 's godl essness 11·;"" 't a thill f! . to e r~· about illstelld of I;~ ug-h ahout! ··· \\'l'll. \\·hat with Samuel 's and lilY ( 'hristi11n tra inin g Sophy got '!lli ••t,•r as sh r got older. ' ll Samwd sny s. 'With the hl'lp of God 1n•'JI s;ll't' Sophy's soul yet' H e k ept tltink in ' PYP ry Suucla:v th at s he'cl ::•·t t'O ill'l'l'tcd ' n w11nt to lw hapt izPd, hut 1 l'OU ld sec tha t Sa tan ll'as still ltn·l<in ' in h Pr, · h ehiud thl' lll hig' s rn ortldPrin ' Pyes. 1 got "" s I c·oulcln 't nnd erstalld · lt Pt' nt a ll. " \\'IH•n Samu el w ould gt' t t he whi p. shr look ed so tall an rl slim . ' n st oo!l so qurr r· and still ,· not sha ki n ' a mite like sit e u sed to wh1·n h e. hit h er , she gave m e H rpH' <·r sort. of fcelin ' that th er e was so111dh ing ahont h er 'h e couldn 't hurt no matt('J' h ow h ard h e hi t . ':\ 'J !>II rrosc th e l;ord will punish IIH' . hut wh en I fotmd she'd sneal< t1d out '1J lPfl rn ri! to dnn ce T n e1;er told hrt· fathrr, for· I knew he 'd turn h(' r on!', 'n sinflJ] as !'dt r was T tho n~ht 11 hrii.P of thflt' g irl. 'N things w r nt on lil((' tlHtt for awhil r, "'" stn n<l in ' hrtween h er 1111d h er fnt hr•t·. ' n thrn on e d11y h e . flid he'd w:ritPd ti ll ~h r ll'l'IS SPYentren. h c'cl !!i ,.,.,1 htr !!OOil Clnisti11n tl'ainin ' 'n nlPnt:v .o f time. n ow sh e''d got to nr :rl: r np h Pr mind to h r b11ptizrd Ot' ~o. hr rnn Inn 't h:we h er evil infiut·nc·r · lr::trli11 ' h r l' li ttle brother. and s i ~tf' t•s 11strily. " 'N thr n Rophy got mad. Rh e ll';os '!W I ' P I' murh of 11 hnnd to g et "'"'1. f'Wf' l)t nt h e r· fntlwr. With "'"· sh<' '(] 5u<:t give m e 11 qu eer , nih•in ' kinil of loc,k . but wh en lwr. fat lrr r· Rllirl :m ythin ~ to l1rr. h er ('_vrs got j u st like red h ot coals, hut or sh e n ever dared to say much. But now she Q.roke right out and told him she hated him and his hjdeous r ligion, 'n a ll she'd stayed this long f or ·was beTause she couldn 't bear to leave h et· l ittle sisters and ·ay bec".>tuse she pitieJ me. he sa.ic!,' she n ever blamed poor nf~-sh e L. (:lutierrez .de Lara · ' and · was always toi·mentin '' h e r eTf more 'n a nybody el e tryin ' to live .Edgcumb Pin~hon up to her.· ugly b lief. 'N ,. he. ·aid " · I ha t fr om no11· ou if she tar v to·· . d eiJ t]J doin ' it ·h wa . goin' ti:rJo<llt 'n Jopk t ill she .found a ·place:'vht•Te · a II thr laug htet· 'n ftui. tttilt .\vas a Iwa ys seet hin' ,'n bubblin ' way.. down in h er would be wan.t d . ' Somebody must want it.'· site said , ' throwin ' out h et· arms ..with one of th em gestm· s s he was · a lway. cnti cin ' m e away f t·o.m my dnty with, '' I've got so much ; 'n mayhc the de-v-i-l- will like my b ein ~ pretty if yom · hid eous old God d on 't! ' "Sh e1 n c Yet~ got any far.th el'. for ~amn e l go t ri gh t up 'n pointed to the dom·, his ha nd nsh akin ', 'n said, · Ont of t his house, you devil 's \\·omari ! Yon a in 't no child of Olli'S !' ' ' 'N she w ent and I got up to foll ow h et· otit and ·t ell h er . t o b e sure t o tflke h er winter und erwear tbllt was on th e top sh elf in the l' h ildt'<"ll ' R r·oom, 'n I w a nted to g i1·e h et· th e egg money I 'd -saved up. fo r Sa mu el a lways Jets me have t hilt fo t· my own, as h e says h e kn ows T " ·on 't sqn11nd r r· it, hut -~~~ rnnel sflid, 'Rit- down, Emmit ,' so r set down. " Sa mnel s hand was still .- Ita], in ', but h e pick ed up t h e Qua r·t r l'ly ' n w ent ri ght. on l'ead in ' . f.:n muel 's Jots str·on gc r ' n 111 (' . Bnt gach n ew ba ttl e or the bl oody r evof-;oph~· e11 me hacl< and kissed m e lution in M ex.l cu mar(es ! Ills bnok t he g-ood-hye n J whis pm·cd to hr r n1on· ya.luable. It Is I h most 1 -enutrk ~ 11 hon t the und erwear , 'n th en she • abl e "" w ell 'as th e most in t lllge11 L tnl e rt •·eLa ti on of uncl eriy ing m o tives. hcgun to cry , n oh it was trl'l'ibl e ! 'l'r rr·ihle ! , pl1 y go in ' s trai ght to Bve1·y •>n e :;h ou ld h ave this book in his llhrary. h ell lih e t hn t ! l\'fy own gil'l on th e l'OIHl t o h e]] !" . "\'Ve are fas t c lo Jng oul our rf'm ~ll n ­ lng copies of " Th e lll'cxic;1n Peopl ." " Y on don t rn~a n to tell m e If you hu t'I'Y you can g<'L In e n Lh Soph y h11 - - " comblnat iun o ffer o f ..-rhe ' V es-t ern " Oh not .lil<<' you think. She's C'ommde n ncl thi s book f n r only $1.75. marri ed and ·g-ot a hahy, but h er Address The W;eateru Comrade, C ir.·oul ': lost just the sam e.· S h e's c ul a t ion Ma n a ger, 923 H igglna Bldg,, onr oi them mov ie actresses!" Los AnRelea, C a l. Their-Struggle .. for Freedom cl 'rh e . p aker lapsed into sobs. �The Western Comrade 24 Murderers-You and I Your Combings made into switches for one dollar, postpaid. • Work guaranteed. MRS. E. TJ]RNWALL Llano, Cal. 1s the only Magazine of its kind (Continued from Page 9) . You priest, you preacher you You of white oft hand , large of lying, snivelina p aim-singing hyp- girth and small Of br&in, you nre ocrites. You are the murderers ! the murder r ! You judge! You mi crable, cowYou reader of thi , ou helped ardly aasa sin. You draw yQur me strangle thi boy, but there i , , cloak of sanctity about you ' but a difference. you smell of the mu t.y tomb! You wanted it done; I wa im. You and your damned law :.and willing. You belie,·e in capital court and dungeon · and gibbet : killing: I abhor murder·. Yon enll You reek with the . tench of the · it~ puni hment ; I ay you do it fur rotting ages. You mu-rdered this brutal. cru l, barbaric r e\'enge, boy! · " You, p eople of Ca lifornia. mal~e m~ You hanker, gamhler, petty ' a party to your crime of mu rd er lmcksterers- you of the trihe of and for tlHit I hnte you with all t lw business- you sle~· · this· youth! hate of hell! This is why:- , Three years ago Pearson's decided to be a free magazine. Life On the Llano This is what it did:A BA NI>Ol':EI> FA!':CY COVERS CUT OUT COLORE D PI CTURES A IJOI'TED I'L:\1:--1 PAPER (Conti~ued from Page 20) nceting us to all parts of the coun~ . with a day or two ·o r labor. \Ve haYe th e wire to conl)ect it up This was the purpose :and the loose c.n ds are just a mile and a half away. This matter is A plain form 1vould enable the magsimply one of doing t he work and azine to live on its in come from subas we are so pressed for other scriptions and monthly sales. It would not have to consider the effect · things have not thought it neces- · sa r·,v to take the time to do it. on advertisers when it wanted to print V cgeta hies are daily carted the truth about any public question. around and all desiring may give This was the result:their order·s to the vegetable man. Pearson's now prints the truth about The garbage is r emoved daily. The some question which affects your wel- - fami lies place it in cans ou t he back fare in every issue. It prints[ac'ts of the lots as in the city, and the garbage man does the r est. Famiwhich "no magazine that depends on advertising could lies contemplating coming in would make no mistake in bringing along "afford'' to print. t his recepticle. However, this is not insisted on. And, with all this, P earsons still prints An Idaho man asks how the as much fiction and entertainment adobes ar·e constructed. While the articles as other magazines. If you writer is not able to build one, or want plain facts instead of pretty tell exactly how it is done, yet the pictures buy a copy on the news stand for 15 cents, or subscribe by followin g is a rough sketcL Bricks the year for $1 .50. arc made in the usual way and sundried. These are laid on stone ~y special arrangement with Pearfoundations, asphalted over to preson's we are able to make you the Yent capillary attraction, and the following-clubbing offer. walls run up in the usual way. The You can get both PEARroof is then laid and dirt mixed SON'S MAGAZINE and with water, collected usually in the THE WESTERN COM yard of the building, and is then RADE for one year by sending $1.50 (the price of carried to the roof and ar tistically Pearson's alone) to laid. The roof is then painted with asphaltum and the sides covered ~The Western Cemrade with a waterproof materiaL These 923 HIGGINS BLPG. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. homes are plastered with adobe, which gives them a nice brown t r·y, eolor. Th e effect is soothing and t he inter·iors <li'C warm and drv. The bui ldiu g is 1Gx24, two room's. Some few are slightly. larger·. These atlobes are temporary and will be toYn down when we move to the permanent ,townsite, . Th e cafeteria is in vogue in the dining-room. That .is, . everyone waits · on himself, practically. Knives, forks, etc., a re in boxes and plenty of trays ~onsti tute tbe equipment necessary for the attack on the food supply. Then you go in front of a lon g counter, where you are handed the various edibles. This method has been round very sat~sfactory, as it does away with much labor in the carr ying dishes to and fro, filled and empty, and causing considerable waiting on the part of the diners. Mrs. A. F. Zachaery of Bridgeport, Conn., asks what to bring to Llano in the way of clothing. E verything that you are in the habit of wearing, with the excep· ·tion of extreme evening gowns, 9r of a very dressy nature. One nice dress for our evening affairs would not come amiss. However, wguld advise you to bring the ubstantials and lots of them, such as middie blouses, middie pinafores, one-piece gingham dresses, plenty of apronB and one-piece woolen dresses, erge or something- warm. The wintPr season throws a considerable chill around and everyone should take �· -T h e W e s t e r n C o·m r.a d e c;1 re to provide themselves with plenty of warm clothing. Provide yourself and children with warm sweaters and, of course, you r r egular winter ·c oats, warm stockings and good, stx:ong walking shoes. Don 't forget the knitted caps and snug hats. These are generally 'useful. As remarked in a previous iss1,1e in regard ·to household furnishings, bring the cookstove, built for woodburning, at least five links of pipe and two elbows. The colony makes this material, but ·it is not always possible to obtain it on request and yon might as well be comfo rtable as ()uickly as possible. There is a mistake that should be n·d ificd now th.at appeared in last month's ;'Vestern Comrade. The stat-ement was made that fa mily 1rnsh ing rould be done at th e laundrl'. 'l'his statement has been indi~nant ly r efuted m01·c than fifteen ti111 Ps, so it is advisabl e to bring ~·o111· own "·ashtubs-galv:mized, Jll't•fr rab ly- hoil cr s, buckets, etc., in ortl er to do this work at h ome. IJo,,·(·ver, at the tim e of last writi ll~. th ere seems to have been set nsidr a day to do family washing, hnt sin ce the rul e has been changed 0 11 nrcount of th e inadequate quarll·r·s and hand work. .\ s has been said before, bring·an yo ur kitchen utensils. A man re•·rlltly arri ved after giving away "'·1·rything in his home kitchen. He 1\'ns much put out and suffered not a little in not having these necessa ry t hings wh en he arrived her e. It is hardly n ecessary to dictate to tlr r housewife what to bring ·along !h('se lines, as her good sense will figure it out. Tn making yourself co'm fortable in Llano, do not forget a good suppi~' of warm bedding. As a matter of fact, fi gure this way : Assume thnt there is nothing to be had along· these lin~s for a long time and that ~· on must qepend wholly upon y oursri f. This policy will win most anywh!Jfe and will make you comfortahJP.\her e. Recently a fam'ily arrived and brgan drawing heavily on the commissary. While this is in a sense all right, yet it is not fai r to the colonists already her e. P eople on thP outside must not forget ·that this is a living proposit ion and when you come here to join us, you 25 We do with Talking Machines what For~ did with Autos If you haye never been -wiilin:z to Ci>en:i. ,-..,..-':"'""...,..---'---,----. S:ze I$~ inchet at ba..:; G,U hiah. Atlt lor · 1 od 1 k ' ook or mahocany finish. Nickel plated. .The MUSIGRAPH . •• a.a arge; ~ 0 • 00 ' lf'U, r•ven1ble tonearm and reproduc<;<, playina nght-soundrng as machrnea aelhng for $ 2 5. Edioon, Vietor. Columbia and other dioc Howdowedoit? Here'atheanswer: Giganiic' rcconla. 10 and 12 ,in~bea. Wonn aear profits h:"ve been made fro~ ~25 machines because .of ;:~:1'~~\, ;~:~~tedwit'h'~~! :i~j·in~~~;n~ patent nght monopoly. Milhons have gone for ai:l- · coo:,O!!:r.a door. Neat and to!idly made. vert ising $2S machines, and these millions come back '--......,.._;....._...,.:.. • ----"---......: from the public. The attempt is to mole $25 the. stand aid price. It's too much. The trust price game is broken. H ere is a machine which gives perfect sat.islaction (guaranteed) for only $1 0. It will fill ypur home with dancinl'• good music, fun _and happiness. Money back if it isn't as repreaented. MUSIGRAPHS are sellmg by the thousands. People who can afford it buy showy autos, but common-sense people gladly ride Fords-both get over the ground. Same way withtalking machines, only the MUSIGRAPH looks and works like the high-priced instruments. . · WHAT BETTER CHRISTMAS GIFT CAN YOU THIN~ OF? M!lai· grapha play any standard disc record, hi::;h-pric:ed •or even the little five -and ten cent recorda. Hurry your order to make- aure of Chriatmaa delivery. . 'We are advertiaing these big bargain machines through our customeri-one MUSIGRAPH in use sells a dozen more. One cash payment is our plan. So to-day, to inaure Chri.atmaa delivery, send $10, by P . 0. mon~y order, check, drah, express order or postage &l'amps. All we ask is that you tell your neighbors how to l!et a MUSIGRAPH for only $10. $25 for a talking machine t!lis i3 ycmr chanFc• GUARANTEE. Thi• machine ia •• repreacnted, both 11 to materialt and workmanship, for •- period of one year. II the MUSJCRAPH is not !U repr-oted oend it back immedi.aelp and Get your money back. Address MUSJGRAPH; Dept. 224 Distributor• Advertiaiftlr Service (Inc.) 142 West 23rd. Street, New York City · • Christmas Shopping? Undoubtedly you have friends who have a literary bent and whom you would like to r emember with a Christmas present. There is nothing more suitable ·than a year's su bscrlptlon to The West ern Comr11de. Send In ' a check or money order !or one dollar ($1) now so that tbe subscription will commence . with the· Christmas edition. To make four people happy just send in two dollars ($2) with their names and addresses. Address: Circulation Manager THE WESTERN COMRADE 923 Higgins Building Loa A'ngetea, Cal. �26 T h e . W e s.·t e t n C o m r -a d e . Our Greatest Offer! Here Is a cop!binatlon otter of The American Socialist, oflicial organ ot the National Socialis t Party, the famou s " 1914 Natlonal Campaign Book" and The Western Comrade that not one reader of The Western Com ra de can afford to let s lip by. are JOmin(7 a 1 t of h uman: jn t .t o "'o to the com· ry. fo~ t<t\ raJ like your h · · and h1n· t he am e month . . want ·and filled with the am · de. Ther are many PlOr que ti on t ir e . \Ve ha,: all mad . am·ifice · be. afl wer d and w I1op tbat we to g t i n to tlti olony and n ow luiYe helped a little and b efor clo . ·t hat 1\·e are her , we want others ing will ay to Ute ~uttanooga or. to respe ·t tlli a crifi e and help a t• ·p nd n tlla we eat pork, alt much a · po sibl . by b Ipin a them- pork, 'pacon ham and ot her prod. selves. u c t of th n qble animal, but w.e ome 'So equipp d witJ1 flui:m ·1 d o n't ahniv h av him. o hrin shia·t h eanr boot · and ho ' hat all tJ1 dried m at you can pa~ for and a]ove : ·rttbb t: boot :_in · b et a nd r ecei\' . t h f' hie in'g o f the •o ·oppli d th~t you will . nut;' l~ef'd !'Ollli anr ffi8l1 . The American Socialist for _one year is . : ... ... . $ .50 The 1914 Campa ign Book . ;oO The Western Comrade for one year is... . ... ... . .. _1.00 Tota l . .. ... . . . ..... . . . . . $2.00 We will m'a ke you a combination of the above for just $1.35 Take advantage of this offe r now! Ad dress: Circu l ation Manager THE WESTERN COMRADE 923 Higgin s Tl lrlg., Los Angel es, Cal. " The Great Working Class Dally" THE MILWAUKEE LEADER .. Unawed by Influence a nd Unbribed by Gain" P.dlt o r- VIc to r L . l :en;er. ,.; :-;~ i ~t ant~ -Jam es H o w e. A. M:. Si m ~ nr•R, U :.:rno r e Sn 1 H h , Tho mns S. An- dll' w :.:. · T ·h e . Job · · · (Continu~d !r?m Page 11 ) " Huny , l\lay, tile h eat- ·~ " ' ' Ove t· this way-" - " " Y ·~-th e sta ii·,,·av is- ·_ .. " I t ·s :1 1\.Pn fi rt' ! · ' L<''t 's tt·v :1 wind ow . " " I don't ·know- - ··•: < · . -: lmow. " '' .A hout,vou ? Y e . " ·'The· s mol< <'- it's so t hi r·k ·. 1- . " And T !mow about you. " IJO!d tigltt1·r ' :\bt:v- 11·1· ' II soop· ThL·re w a.· a s ile uec. II(•- - " " Will yon tc·ll rn.c- i f J t II . ou, '' Y Ps. ' ' f'l:'<·hl,v, " J'll tl'y - - " ':\l'ay.?" . " Ift'rr's a winllow- XIa v . ' ' "You d on t linn' to t ell me, " Mny! I.ool< u p h e r~ ! No ! Hosc- 1 kuow. " No! Do11 'tfaint ! l<'o r· Cod 's .sakC'. ·." T k now , too, 1\Tay, nhont m . :\la y ! \\' (' must gC't o.u t of' he r e! 1-T ean't .w.alk irn,v mot·e. 1\fy.m:r. :\fay! flf11y ' PIC'ast' , w ak e ttp·l f' L'Pt ·a 1·c• g01w ! " .. ~l't ' ! 'l'ht• JWOpl c hC'Iow- tlt cy hold . 'l'h l' rC' W<t fl ;rno th c·,. .. ilcnec. Both o1t1 t h<•ir ;u·rns to us! Th e flam es \l'l'l'P s t if·lill !! tft p SObS Of J ity. for a,.,. tlosc r i Cod. ;\f 11y! .Jump : · ·the otltf'r. Tlu· ht·:rt- :\l'n,v ! You must jump ! " Hos<' .. , :sn id !\T11y fina1 1.Y, " th ey · Y ou ll'ill 1l it>- lotil< out ! O u r li P1l tn nw at' fit·st- hut J lm w. t·lothN; an• a fir <'! Oh! \fa~r ! )fay ! 'l' lw v didn 't.lta ,·r to tr.ll m . P I nsc, T must· ]pap! Cood. hy<' dNll'Hos;·, ' · . lw · pl r nd ed , " if mother !!OOil - ·- ,. . •·o Bws tlon 't tell hcr·- not y rt, nny. Thr·ou g h tltt' a ir, ,.J ot ht•s atla mc•. 11·av- r mn hlind !" · thl' girl le aped rout· stori es. strik. · • · I won't.' · p1·om iscd llosc. ing tli l' grou 11d witlt a s icke11i11 g " Is tht•t·c· a window- near ?" !'I'HSh. " On<' nt my left, " RosP :~ n ­ ThP l.e:Hi o•· Is publis h ed in Ame r!ca ·s ' ' o·nn ~·h n l•l of S ocia lism. It Is the f:T <'A t ''"t P.ng llsh Socla ll' l Dailv In the \··n r hl. f t i ~ a l\l orl <"rn l\1etr'opn litan Dally, con tnlnlng the latest news. Attl<"n~ tt s di:'lttncttve f ea t urPs are: SOCIALIST NEWS PAGE, LA · BOA '\JEWS PAGE, SPORTING PA G E , MAGAZINE SECTION, WOMAN'S PAGE, EDITORIAL PAGE. , 1'h<> pt·lcP <>f The L eade r !s 25c per !no nt h: $3.00 pt:r yc n.r. Combination offer wit'l. The WESTERN COMRADE n o t h rnr o n" )' <'n r fo r $3.00 (the tWI<'C of the ;\lll waukcc Le.\de r alo n ) . Address: Circulation Department 923 H iggi ns Bldg.. Los An gel es, · CaHf. or j)l' l'hli.' iou ' thl' d od on ; t o . pia ·o the ~-ril'l · tots C'los r· tog-cth e t·. " ~fay l" wh i.·p(')'ed Roll , a ft er · th P m ll·sc ltnd gone · ' do you D OWN tliP lo ng " ;ard of' a hospit a l W<' t'e r·oll's of tots .filled wi th hur·np(J and in.iu rc!l l'it·tims. HPrP ;mel tli f' r C" nnrs<•s a nd dor tors lnisi ed th<•mseh·ps with th l'it· pati en ts in thC' ntt ernpt to alft•viatP nain. . · " 1hry ! ' ' sc t·enmecl a l?irl 1n n c·ot. A nJWf'<· hliiTi('(l OVi' l' to <pii!'t hc•J'. · · • Th<' ro·. th"r<'. cl C'::t r. y on 'II h C' ;!ll 1 i!rltf '-'00 11 . " •· Is :\l'a.1· ht-rt' ?" slt P :u;k <•d pla int in •h ·. " Hof'<'!" emtw in a m u ffl <•tl hnt t!hHl N Y from tlw n C'x l pot. · '· :\I a.': ' l'm g lad- - · · ln a WP k t lw lllll'Sf' oh~ain.ecl .·o SII'PI'C'rl . " \ Vh nt c·an y on sre- you lmow I - -" " Th c•J·c· is a c·om·t wall , " she h pga n slowly- tlw n anolocwti a lly, " T 1·an 't f\C'P mu Ph , hut there's a v in C' th C'r P with n fe w l1•avcs on itnn e]. 011 (' lea f n;at's r etl- a ndflutt pf•s. Oh 1\fav. d ea1·- T-T. can 't ." Another long silen ce, th e-n : " Hosc> do von think J Pan lenrn nll Ol"(•t·..:_in thP d a rk. l ' \'P got to 1\'or·l: - or f" I H J' Vf -- " " \\' r• will hoth trv . }f av. W e t7n t t n li,·P.' · 'I' he !{ ~'<lw ' · ·ij?hPd I'" " •:ilv H " ] " • ·aid: " l ~~·o11dPt> if WP ra n g t>t n nT ,,Jli iob s h:H•I{ \l' h (>JJ t hry r·Phuild th ~ f:n·!o r~r !' · �T h e W e s t ~1"-n. Co m r ad e Militaristic A. F. of L. H ERE is a word of greeting to Comrades Joe Cannon and Adolpb G rmer. They failed to get ~ n anti-milita ry r eso!ut ion through t he A. F . of L. conventio.n, but they put up a fight that attracted wide. pr-Pad attention . J oe's speech was •·mTicd out hy the prces associates and giYcn widespread publ icity.' " Af! soon as we arc prep a red, " ~a id Comrade Cannon, "we shall be plungf'd into a war wll CLleYer it may mc·a n profits for -th e fin an cial inter.. sls." 'l'h f' 41'111 h of this undoubted ly loontf' in upon th e hea r ers, but l: nrnJwr·s r11sh cd to th e r csru e of the nl'lll illllf'llt mai<C•r·s and pmfit pidu·r·s. • .\ sad fen ftll'f' of t hr sitmttio n was that 1\ndr·pw Fnruseth , t he ~rand nld s bdll'art, t ook th r sicl r of th e tllilit:11·ists. l t is unfortun ate that n,,,. sn I<PP!t in almost all matters · · "n•·t • rnin~ th r worl< (·r·s shoul d be l!l'oping ancl hl ind on snr h a lllilf f('J'. w;~s Interrupted Joy .Ignorance·is the· Great Curse! Do you passion? kn;;;:, for instance, the .; . scl$tific difference between ·l9ve and Human Ute is full ot 'hideous' ~xbi~i{ of wretchedness dqe to ignorance of sexual norilllllity. . • •· ·. Stu pid, penilclous prude;y long bas .blfude<i us t~ s exual t~u't.h. Sctonce was slow in entering this 'vital field. lri r!lcent years commercia!Jsta eyeing profits have unlos:ded many unecientific and da ngerous sex books. No\V, the world'!! great s.cientific n:titids are ·dealing with this subject u·pon which human happiness often .d-e pends. ·No, longer is the subject taboo among intelligent people. · We take plea.aure fn offering to the 'American public the work of on~ of the world;s greatest authorltlea upon the question of sexual life: He Ia . August . Forel, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., qf .Zuri.ph, .Switzerland. · His ·book will open your eyes to yourself and explain many mysteries. You will be better for this knowledg_e. · Ever y professional man._and woman, those· dealing with social, medical, criminal, legal, religious and .educational 'niatters will find this book of immediate value. Nur se s, polic·e officials, heads of public lnstitutlous, writer s, judges, clergymen and te~M.:hers· are urged to. get this book ·at once. The subject is treated from e'v ery point of view. The chapter on "love and other irradiations of the sexual appetite" is a profound exposition of sex e motions- Contraceptive means discussed- Degeneracy exposedA guide to a ll in domestic r elations- A grea.t book by a great man. '· Yuun~ man, " said the magis- tra i t• scl't•r·rly, " th e as .. a ult you "'''''' I'O mmittcd on your poor wife · ll' ;t s most. hrutal. Do you know of " "·'· r·r ason why I should not · send y ou to prison Y'' '1f you do, your honor," r eplied til L• pl'i oner at t h e b\ll", hopefully, " it will hr·cak np our honeymoon." Fittest to · the Front In· , rvia th e aged and ·t he infinn, t h ' invalids and crippled , are fij:(hti ng in the war. T his is an in1'1' 1' ion thn t should be stopped. The c a r c th fitt t, a nd usually they a1·e· allowed to live while the young nnd tt·ong p eri h. Let us t'lin~ t o ur old claim of the surl'ivnl o~ the fitt t. On the Free List 'he Hip nw head an Rrticle ' T llo w orl Will Henrl This. ' \Y ~ hop ' . o t oo. \Vl1y not r on- "The Sexual .Question" H eretofore sold by subscription, only to · ph-ysicians. Now offered to the public. Written in plai.n terms. Former price $5.50. Now 111nt pre· paid for $1 60. This is the r evised and enlarged Marshall English translation. Send check, money order · or stamps. Gotham Book Society, Dept. 387 • Orlkr General Dwlers in Boob. Sent on Mail 142 West 23rd St., New York, N.Y. Dawson's Dermal Cream Prevents wrinkles, softens and beaut ifies skin. Removes freckles, tan, moth patches and all discolorations. Greatest beautifier of the age. One Ounce Jar 60c Postpaid Prepared By DR. ELIZABETH DAWSON Llano, Calif. snit y m· .uh.erip6on lit ! At the Ia Telepbone Home A-4533 · · Th~' new eoloui t would be a l-"~od dnnt>er if it wasn for two hiu~ f••~>t." " \Ylutt' tbatT" ' ,Hi HARRIMAN & RYqKMA.N Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Building Los Angeles. Cal Main &ljl Home A-200;J A. J. &TE~ENS Dentist 30fi Soutb Broadway • Room 514 Los ~elet. C•L i �''f•' 28 W.ateh eapitalism with its genAt 'd<e -recruiting , t:antl: ••14. er6n.s benevolence tep forward Uris die and , Genti'em:en, furthlt, Ute Entered u aeeond~claa• ma'Ltler at the coming yuletide and {>read its 'Celebr:ated M<lm~ dan'e'er, ~ ill pOet o.mce .at Loa Angel.ee, CaL ,s kare of Christmas .giving. As a vor rr with t>m ()t h r itiv-orite-n . 924 Htgg!·ns BuJldin,g, Los Angeles, Cal . forerunner they have ali-eady given "Tho e volunt ' ripg tor tb Subscription Prlce One Dollar a Year · Great Britain a bali billion dollar front kindly · tep· this w~- ' In ·C lubs of F.our Fifty Cents · war loan. They have sent bun"1.1en, I 8m a-eriflcing every. dreds of tons of' ammunition to the thing for the cau e-I hav n.Uo\ -M Job Harriman, 1.{anaglng Ellitor Alii s. iEYen the starving Belgians women to · wotk in my factnry in Frank E. Wolfe, Editor received their shar~r--and an- orde:r to let tlte m:en go to the Vol. JJI November, 1915 N.o. 7 have other hare i,s pr<?mised riuht a~';tY. front.'' · Oh! We here at boin T:. · o ·. "God on Hj hi with u . La t Random Shots they haven t ·im·goUen ··n , either. · night sev rity oul .were wiped out GIWHGE R. L NN, direct action-" Just the other day tl1ey aay · u a : 1n a brutal and mm~deroli a ault tep up. hoy., and ist \Vho once chopped down a nice lit le factorV' fire· and bUl'nea · by a Z ppelin. ian for the ft·ont. 'J.;et u pt:ay !'' satr-etl' tree in the streets of· a number of the '~' inmat s . ·~vith it. "Are you married, my good marrT St·h<·rwdatly and nanowly escaped.~ That will give ·som-e: of · u . uttem-' a jail ~wufl'll<·e for choppi~ at tjle ployed a joh .wl1en they ·buil.d an., ,, ·.· o·J You will find .a war bt·id orer .. · · · there on the right. 'l'h prie' t \\·ill s:11nP tirnt· sar:r·ed trad ition and a factory. And then again, on account of · many you." r·o111'1 illjllllc·t ion , ,Jws ht•c!n for th!' ' 'l'he elti i ·ters will ·now fa. sf> r·ontl tirnc elected mayor of that th e war tl1cy have given 1:i a nice livl'!y N<·w York city. Lunn really assortment of high: prices. · ( orne- · vor u with a sona and dan . You sw·<·t•('dt•d in g-dting ar-rr.sted an·d · hody 's got to pay f~r all this food mrn, ba ck ther -st p up closer !' ' C:< jni lcd in nnotht•t' Nl'w York wwn they send abroad. ) Now what are they going ·to do · Zrppelin H einie-" What doi ng'~ wh ere Jw in sistPd on speaking on f'ln·istmas? l\faybe, if. we're good · to.day, ub t" t lr P strrPf s. Submarin Semival - " otbio Lunn believes in ac t ion and is ut. they might send a few ·r egi'm ents or so of ns over to h elp . the Allies. much . One limir -with 350 women t~·l y una f'r·aid nlil< e of the sneer· of t!H· rlir·Pct. r11·tionist and the snarl of (Maybe, they ;night give us a nice and children i all. · now ' it with you 7" thP pmP antl simplr political action- war of our own. ) Canitalism is ·such a be·a~tiful .Zeppelin R ini- " Pretty rot. ist. \ Vitlr Lnnn wns clerted Stri n. mctz nnd hnlf a dozen · ot her Social- hlPssing. It makes tl10. whole year ten . . One .jittle coli. ge, on glue fac. istR. Lnm1 will appoint heads for a n continunl "merry" Ch ristmas.· · . .tory-oh, yes-and a ho pita!Rco r·e of th e most impor-tant offices · >'<' ~~ only two thousand in it, though." in the r ity . H ere again is power in Spanl<ed. fignrativeiy,· b~r the . the hands of mrn who know how to Llanp General Assembly, a group · · . 'izzlin g and hot com ·s the war usc it in .tl1e intet·cst of the workers. . of the youngr r· nnd ·mor e ebulli!"nt n ews from t he " ·front" the e duy . Her·c is a city wh er e will no longer sPt. was not utterly Prushed- not wonderful skill and tire] ss zeal is b hc111·d the echo of the r esounding · utterly. Four of tl;e irrepressibles shown by the war correspondent, wh11 ck of the ptilir•eman s r luh on the gatht>red wlwrc the moonlight flood- "-ho nev!"r : Jeeps and never ahan· sknll of Henry Dnbb. world t'O th t> hroad·front porch: with arms dons his po t. Row. th ove1· each other 's shoulders. eyes thrilled over its morning po t um "vVe ' t· all going. to be blown turned upward and with a beautiful and sausage when it read in J,os 11p- we nt·e." So et·ies the powder barbet·shop chord sang : · Angeles Tribune under caption trnst- nlso "Ht>lp !-U. S. A.- the " Zeppelin Inspection" the follow"Tn Heaven above, A met·ican people- Help!'' ing ama1.ing it m: Where all is· love, There'll be no 'sem bly there!" Well- wh11t if . tlu)y are? LONDON, Nov. 17. -Stately butIt would be but a cas of getting ler to aristocratic master In Lon- · don's west end: "A Zeppelin's a 'taste of t heir own patent mediIf you think the French Socialpassing hover, sir- If you wish to ci nes. which they so cleverly com- isis h1we followed the renegad e blnspect It, sir." The Zep was pound for their Chri tian Allies to Briand you have been deceived. In hurriedly '"hlnspected." do tor theit· ·comrades of Germany. a spe~ch recently made by . '1'-hen on the turn over page we Renaudel a Socialist deputy; the find more startlina news that should '.Phe poot· Mexicans are starving. declaration was openly made that have been headed "Imporlant JI I know, because the Standard Oil France should annex no part of the True." thorugh it.s well-lubricated- newspao enemy countcy. This utterance was PARTS, Nov. 17.-A wound'ed sol· pers says so. We must send an army met hy cheer from the Socialists dier fell from a. tramcar at the Qt1al over tho border nnd stop their riot- and howls of protest from others. des Tulleries and the whMfs va~Jsed ing, We 1uu t protect our {the Just w.hat territory the French over one leg, producing splfnters. but no blood. He h.ad I'o st bls real Standard Oil' ) prop rty. We mu t ·hope to annex: would be difficult to leg In the battle of the Ume. feed them-{bullets}-but (secretly) imagine inasmuch as the r ed we mu .t tarve them 'b ack into the breeches have scarcely disfigured yon will surely g-et your p enny 'g servility and slavery from which any landscape beyond the borde-rs worth any morn.ing you inve t. they are now revoJiting. of their own patrie. :. -E. d'O. THE WESTEBJI COMRADE ~ ** * * * * * * * * * * �T li e Wes t er n Comrad e 29 Ballots Will Educate William E. Bohn JN the public schools we are spending · more money on the education of girls than on that of bo.vs. One of two things is · true .. Either the educated female is a good product partly wasted, or she is a poor product and our money is 11·asted. . \ s a rna tter of fact, she is a good protluct. But she is not as good as sli f' might be. Give the girls the ·prospect of active participation in 0111' political life and a wide range of studies will gain n ew meaning for more than half our pupils. Tht·.v will learn more without the rxpenditure of an . additional ·dolla r. And what th ey learn will gain in Jt traning. Th e girl graduate will If'>!I ' (' school a fitter person because ~h· · has sren from the start a reason fo r intelli gent citizenship. * * * Oily Junior The continuous, unwarranted assau lts on young Mr. Rock efeller 1J1·ing to mind the brutality of the puhl ic a few years ago, at the time of the Tarbell articles. To paraphrase an utterance of that day: "John D. Jr. he Is catching It From A to Z, 'Till He mus t think, In this turmoil That hell is heated With Standard 011." Sta'ement of ownership, manag~­ ment and circulation, etc., required by the Act of August 24, 1912, of THE WESTERN COMRADE, published monthly at Los Angeles, CO:IIfornia, for October 1, 1915 : Managing editor, Job Harriman, 923 Higgins building. Editor, Frank E. Wolfe, 923 Higgins building. 'Business m'\nager, Frank. E . Wolfe, 923 Higgins building. Publisher, Job· Harriman, 923 Higgins building. Owner,.\ Job Harriman, 923 Higgins building. \ Known bondholders, mortgagees and other security holders ' holding one per .cent or more of total ..amoun ts of bonds, mortgages, or other securities : None. JOB HARRIMAN. Sworn to and su bscribed before me this 27th day 'or September, 1915. A. A. JAMES, . Notary Public In and for the County of Los Angeles, State of California. , · Olfy commission explres July 20, 1916.) Pictures for Propaganda· .Shoc)t C~pitalism "· ·· . . : With·:· a · . St~~eoptiton Anyone can lecture- with. t he . aid · of p~ctures; ·they tell the story, you point out the ~o~al. Pictilres draw a crow:d where ot her means fail. They make .your work doubly ·effective. we tell you how to get· the greatest resuits at the least expense. Send stamp for complete informatio.n . W. SCOTTLEWIS Los Angeles, CaJ,ifornia 3493 Eagle Street. Cut Your Fuel ·Bill . and Get More Heat B'y burning air and .oil in your cook stove, he~ter, ran.ge;. boiler or furnace. · Who would think of running an a~tomobile on coal or wood f Yet hundreds of thousands of people today art? using coal and wood to cook with. If the railroads of today should take off their oil-burning locomotives and r eplace them with the old style soft coal engines, the ineffiieiency of the old engines would cause a great deal of dissatisfaction. · -\Vhy d'o you contin~e to use the old inefficient methods for heating and cooking? Burn Air and Oil The I. N. L. oil burner forms a gas that burns with an extreme heat. The cos't of fuel is extremely low, ranging from three cents per gallon and up. The installation is· also simple, and the principie of operation is .understo,.od at sight. For further particulars and price list of burners address Llano del Rio Company Mall Order Department LOS ANGELES, CAL. 923 HIGGINS BLDG. T-erritory open for l~e agents �ao T h e W e s t e r ~ C o m r a d-e Knit Underwear -· Cheapest Because I.t .-We~!s.·_ Best Men's · · Women's Union Suits, low neck, kne e length, sizes 32 to 44 . ... . ..... .. ...... . .... ·.~. .. .. . . . ... . . .. $1 .25 Union Suits , ha lf low n eck , elbo·~ sleeves, ankle length , s izes 32 to 44 .. ... ... .. .. ... . .' . ... .. 1.25 Und e r Vests, s leeveless., sizes 30 to 44 . .... .. .. . .35 Nigh t Robes , sizes 32 to 46 . . . .. .. .. ... . . . .. . .. 1.50 Hose, e xtra wearing, black , sizes 8 to 10th. . . . . .30 Hose, li ght wei!';ht, a ll colors, sizes 8 to 10¥., . . . .50 Undershirts, light wE!ight, cr.eam, sizes 34 to 44 .. $ .75 Undershirts, light' \~eight,. black, s ize s 34 to 44 .. 1.00 Dra wers, li.gh_t we'ight; <;ream,_~i~es 30 to 44... . .75 Drawers~ light we ight , cream, s.izes 30 to 44 .. . . 1.00 Shir ts and- Dra wers,. !louble fieeced , grey, s ize s 30 to 44 .. .... ..... ... .. ........ .. . ... ... ... 1.25 Shirts and : Drawer s." · Egyptian cotton , ecru, s izes 30 to .44 .. . . .... .· .. ... . . ... .'. . .... . .. . 1.50 Me_n 's Hose J<::xtra wearing value, black, sizes 9 to 111,.2 . . . . ·. $ .25 Heavy weight, black, sizes 9 to 111,.2, 3 pairs . . ·. · · 1,00 Girls' Children's Boys' Union Suits, sizes 20 to 30 .. . $ .50 gra de, Union Suits, bette r s izes 20 to 30 .. . . .. .. .. . . 1.00 Hose, black, tan or white, s izes 6 to 101,.2 .. , .. .. . .... .25 Taped unions, answering pu r pose of a waist, s izes 20 to 28 . . . .. .. .. . $ .65 Same a s above , only bett er grade, sizes 20 to 28 1.05 U nion Suits, sizes' 20 to 32·. •. $ .60 Union Suit !!, better grade, sizes 20 to ·32 . . . . • . . . . . . . .90 Sportsman's ·hose for boys, sizes 6 to 1 0~ .... . . . .25 to .40 Pure Wool Goods Made by Wool Growers' Co-operative Mills Direct From Sheep's Back to Your Back Black and Grey Mackinaw Coat, length 25 inches, sizes 36 to . 44 . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. $8.00 • Trousers, Grey and Navy Blue, usual sizes .. . . $4.00 Shirts, Grey arid Navy Blue , usual sizes . . . .. .. 3.00 Blankets White or grey, 70x82 i n., weight 5 lbs . .. . . ..... $7.85 Grey, ·70x82 in., weight 7.1,.2 lbs .. . .. . . . .... ... . . 9.90 '\Llano del Rio Community <Mail Order Department) 923 Higgins Bldg. Los Angeles, Cal. (Make all .check s or money orders payable to J..,lano del Rio Company) �.. ELKSKIN .BOOTS and SHOES. ' . '- Factory opera-t ed: in connection with LLANO D~L . ·R~f>· C6ioN¥ Men 's 10-inch boots .$6.00 Men's 12-inch boots . 7.00 · Men 's 15-inch boots . 8.00 Ladies ' 12-in. boots.. 6.00 Ladies' 15-in. boots.. 7.00 Men 's Elk work shoes 4.00 Men's Elk dress shoes 5.00 Ladies' Elk shoes . . . 4.00 Infants' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 .. . .. ....... 1.50 Child's Elk shoes, 5lj2 to 8. . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Child 's Elk shoes, 8'12 to 11 .. .. .... , 2.50 Misses' and Youths, 11'12 to 2 ... ...... 3.00 IDEAL FO.O·T W.E AR For R~nchers and · ·outdo·o ·r Men The famous Cliffor-d-Elkski.n. -~iu>es ~re lightest and . easiest for solid ~omfort and will outwear th.ree pairs of ordinary shoes. · vV~ cover all lines from ladies;' .men's and children's button or lace ill light handsome patterns to . the high boots for m?untain, hunting, ranching or desert "\_Vear. Almost indestructible. Send in your .o rders by mail. . Take • measurement according to instructions. Out of tov.'ll shoes made immediately on receipt of ord~r. Send P. ·o. order and state . . whether we shall forward by mail or express. PlaCil atoc::klng toot on SALES DEPARTMEl"'T ~r, dl'•wlng penc::ll around aa per aboye II· luatr t lon. Paaa tape aro.,nd at linea wltho...t dr wing tight. Gl v• aln u u lly worn. Llano del Rio Cotnpany~22 Higgins ·Buildi~g, Los Angeles, C~l. �\ \ ' anted: 100 Men! Steady ·Employment for Life -- A . FEW months ago th~ advertisement in The eom;lhunity is extending. it holdings this sp_a ce called for 1000 inen. Nine of ·land and :wat~f, live stock, farm implehundred have responded. Not all of them -ments· and' ·machinery: It 'grows iri numbers have arriv:ed at Llano, bu~ there are several and in financial .strengtli: It grows in power hmidred there and all" the absent members beciiuse·.of sQlidarity and comradeship. ar e eager to come and !hey are flocking A c·omp~'te new, .modern sawmill plant there by tb~ scor~ has been added to every month. The the colony prop: remaining , memerty. This com s berships are being . in, as does our rapidly subscribed other machinery, and in a short free and clear ·of time they will all debt. Our greatbe taken. Are you est task now is to going to be among clear · more1 and the fortunate thoumore land and · sand members and get in crops. join the several Only- about 100 thousands of commemberships rerades w h o are m'ain. The initial Members of Llano Colony on an Outing working out the fee .w ill be raised · problem that has _vexed humanity for ages ? to $1000 in a few weeks.. If you want to Are you not tired of the struggle under the join this great cooperative community you murderous competitive system 1 Thousands will have to act promptly. Don 't deiay an are going down every q~.onth under fore- hour. Send us information about yourself closures and other capitalist methods of and ask for an application blank. · Read t he expropriation. Are you not ready to join stories about the colony in this magazine. a group of workers and be one of the Prompt and decisive actio~ at this hour may pioneers in working out this great problem mean a turning point in your life that that has confronted humanity throughout lead to happiness and safety during your the ages. old age . will .. Modern society conducts Its atr.alrs under clrc\)mstances which create and maintain an ever Increasing burden on all humanity. Ma n sustained In youth by the Illusion that ability or good fortune will ultimately reward him with happiness through materia l success. learns sooner or later. that no peace can be his until the unmoral conditions of commercialism and Industrial competition are removed."-From the Communit y Constitution. LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY Membership .Departm ent 924 Higgins Building Los Angeles, California. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1915-11 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-11 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n07_191511 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-24 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n07 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 30 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/a49a098a8d235c34de79ca9f0158d178.pdf 19f6ae82a596d984437979b20e04c809 PDF Text Text Ten,. Fanaticism in the So~chtlist Party- Job Harriman - �ELK SKIN BOOTS and SHOES ,\ • - F acto~y ·operated in ·connection .w ith LLAN·O DEt Rio ' CoLONY ; Men's 10-inch boots . $6.00" Men's 12-inch boots. 7.00 Men's 15-inch boOts . 8.00 Ladies ' 12-in. boots.. 6.00 Ladies' 15-in. boots.. 7.00 Men 's Elk work shoes 4.00 Men's Elk dress shoes 5.00 Ladies' Elk shoes. . . 4.00 Infants ' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 ... . . ... . ... 1.50 Child 's Elk shoes, 51;2 to 8 ...... .... 2.00 Child's Elk shoes, 8% to 11 . . . . . . . . . 2.50 Misses' and Youths, 11% to 2 .. ... .. .. 3.00 IDEAL . FOOTWEAR For Ranchers· a·nd . Outdoor Men The famous Clifford ~lkskin Shoes. are lightest and easiest for solid comfort and will outwear three pairs of ordinary shoes. We cover all lines from ladies,' men's and children's button or lace ·i n light handsome patterns to the high boots for mountain, hunting, ranching or desert wear. Almost indestructible. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurement according to instructions. Out of town shoes made immediately on r eceipt of order. Senrl P. 0. order and state whether we shall forward by mail or express. Place stocking foot on paper, drawing pencil around ·as per above Illustration. Pass tape around at linea without drawing tight. Give size usually worn. SALES DEPARTMENT Llano ·del Rio Com.pany 922 Higgins Building, Los Angeles, Cal.· �~. I II CONTENTS I ....... Current Topics. By F r a nk E . W olfe .. . ... ·: . .. . ,;.'Page Fanaticism Means -~ilure. War's Pentecost. Enemy's Child. By J oo Harriman .... ·.. .·P'a ge 5 9 By F ra nk H . W are .. . . . ........ Page: HI· By Charlot t e H olmes. Crawfo'~ d .. . Page 12 Daughters of Joy. By Rose Sha rla nq . . ..... . ·. .. . . . P age ·14 The Fable of the " Nut " By A. F . Gannon ., , . . . ·.. Page 14 Industrial -Activity !~ spiring . By R. K. Will ia m s . . P age 15 Glimpse of the Diverse Activities of ·the Llano · Community : ..... :: .. .. .......... : .. .. : ..... Page 16 How We Live at Llano ................. :.' ........ Page 21 Learn Living and Loving. By Pruden ce Stokes. Br own . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .... .. ...... . ...... . P age 22 Success (Poe m ). B y E rne st Woost e r ..... . ....... Pa·ge. 23 Capitalism's Just ice-1915 .. . . ..... . ...... .. . • . .. P age 24 The Goal in S ight. Ry .Joh n M. W ork . ... .. . . . . . . Page 26 State and Church .. . ..... . .. . . . . . .. . . ......... ... Page ~9 CARTOO NS The Czar's Doll .. . . . . . . . . . ... . . .... . ... F rontis piece . . ......... ... •. . . . ... . Page fl On the GalllpoH Pe ninsula ..... ......... .... . .. .. Page 7 Triumph of Man! . . . .. .... .. . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . Page 8 In His Name ? .. ... ". . . . the Artille r y Did Splend id Work" . . .... . Page 10 · The Stay -at-Homes .. ........ . ........ . ......... Page l1 Aerial Craft Beware! . . , . .. .. . . .. . ... ... . ....... . . Page 28 '~~_) �The .Czar's Doll "Oh, Dodd! Oh. Dodd! How my donie has changed!" �' THE WESTERN COMRADE -------------------------------Political Action VOL. III Devoted to the Cauae of the Workera Co· operation LOS ANGELES, CAL., OCTO~ER. Direct Actl~n- NUMBER 6 1915 >- . The Communit~ Dairy Herd Is !"astured on Alfa lfa Fields Amid Ide al Surroundings CURRENT TOPICS By' Frank E. Wolfe F • A1 LURE to embroil the United States in wa1· enoug h to lmow they can achieve it only by indirecll'ith Germa ny over th e s inking of ships bearing tion. 'fhe statement t hat the money does not ·]eave the AlllPriea n tt·easure and cit izens has brought British <·apitlliism to its sense . A more insidious and more eountry is disingen!lous. 'l'he gold C"ertainly leaves !'ff,•din' way has been discovered. \ Var loans will t he ha11ks whc1·e the wot·king class has deposited out do the t1·iek. One-half billion dollars was but half a of tliei 1· meager earnings. 'l'h e fact t hat these savhit•· the chel'l'y._ More and more billions will fol- ings fi nd their way to the ·p ockets of the steel kings hm·. .:\otl1ing short of a run on every American bank and munition makers will. prove of small consolation eau stop war· loans. No one dare advocate these to t he small depositor when he .sees the sign hung on ruus and deposito1·s seem too stupid and too indif- the bart·ed door of the bank that has failed. The inrliffei·enC"e of the sodden and. muddy-brained masses t'('l'Pn1 to under tand their dan"er. .\ run on Am rican banks would bankrupt the . 1loes not mean that there is not great latent potenf·Ouu11',\' and eli close the universal insolvency. Under tiality to stampede. Indeed, it is. the most stupid 1hP IIPW conspiracy of Bt·iti h-American capitalism 1·attle that wildly burst through all barriers. In America we have long W!-'Ought fo r revolt and . thP <"Ountry ·will be dt·ained by a uccession of these loan.-. Th n they win · want men! We must be in- when. the flame bursts forth in Europe lVho shall say Yoh·ed in the war and ~be masters· are shrewd it will not spread here? ar �The West-ern Comrad e 6 u \'I>EH a r·t·t·on. tnwt,ion 011 a sanel' basis .Am ri- su~·viv th e struggle-and say, " Didn 't I tell you it ow you see, Himry, it 's.h er e .. , . t·ans will ht• for·t·Pd to throw off the yol<e,_9f was coming? . + + + . . t·apitalism and !'all in lint• with th e great advan ce step of l ' nit t•d Europt·. ij,ACTI ).T.JL\' all Europe is. now involved in th e For tit(• !I'll thou~arulth time w e will say the only · · world 's· p,e rrtec'o st of war. Only· th e r emot rness, thi11g that •·an prc·vPnt a bloody l'e volution in Ame'ri- 'Or ratfier tile fa~t that t he S candina\'ian countri<·s ar·e n_ot in' th' pathway of the d estroyer·s, has thus far saved them . . ·• Spain and Portugal are not y et invol~ed, but .both countries are only smouldering over · volcanoes· of t evolt that will hurst forth whe n th e lrom: strikes. Th e uphe~v~l in ~-urope will .lcHe no thr·on e, no royal!.y, -n o nobility an!) no shred of capitalism . . The r·evoft \vilf con'te at an hour· when resisten ce will be swept a s ide. Trained, season ed murder ers on both sides · of the l'Or)tf'st may Plaim 1·ietims by t·ountless thous:mds; .hut the struggJ e will he short and the r et·onstructi\' e spirit wil l amaze .the world u· ith it speed :md neeomplishment. - P B + + + OJLlNG and seetl\ing ben ea th th e ·urfacc tl~t' r·evolt in Russia is tal<ing form from day to day. DPspit~ rigitl cens~rship ·news leaks out r'ro·~ :\Ioscow lN lll 8 NAl\lE ? "Onwal'd, Chl'is lian Soldie rs." - ~ y dn e y Bull f' tin c·a will he that a peac(•J'ul l'l'vol ution (•omes s\\·iftly through a g r eat pol itiea I, c•<·onomic aud industrial r eo~ganization. If t he sorll'l:cs of lift• he uot quick ly takep from thP hands of the exploit ers, th en ~thing can preVt'llt 1'1rL' t·at<wlysm he t·e. Hrfo rmcrf and r evampe rs mny \l'l'll piHrdt' l' tht'SL' l"a<·ts. ~onrP dny the Social ist will meet his fol'm e t' eapitnli~tit"- hnul'gco isc- minde<l rwighhor- if they both showing thnt tiH' -1'1'\'0lntion is br•pr ding t h e r•e. · On Rt•ptPmht•r 27 barTitadl's \I'PI'r hnilt in . th e str·t•t'ts a!lll tht• . · tudt•nt~ from tht· uni n •rsity ](·d · the lmttlcs. Eight hig h offic ials and t 11·ent y : fin: police off'ierr·s \l'll'e kii'!Pd , whill· thr·p<• stmh•nts \I' C' !'f' kill ed and a dozen woundPd. Tlw hotly o·r onr stndrnt lfl y ;dl nig-ht in thl' str·PI't. A g-r'Pilt tlt·monstratiol"' tool< pla t·t• at tlrr fuupr·al or tht• !lead l'l'\'Oiutionist~, and til<' uni1:e rsity mflr hPld the police hal'k r 1·erywhPrl'. In P etrogra(l. Rostol·, Khar·lwv aud Odessa spr·ious riots and disorde r ai'L' r·eportrd though th e N'nsor·s han• soug-ht to suppress tht' n ews. 'l'hPse fights an• th e fo r·t•runm'r' or thosl' certain to S\Yl't'p n1·rr Hnssia a littl e late r . . ln the eoming r evolt (• l· <~r·y <·ountr·y in Elll'opr \,·ill he im·oln~d , hut ea('h onr will h<tYe its owri r e1·olntion and they will probably onl,v t·olll·ergr wh r r·e lar·ge eitir.· are n ~ar hor<lt• r· liiH•s. Xational boundaries will then (lisapp N tl' and the folk uphPa\·al will tak r o n a st ronger intt·rnational aspt•l't than hns eYPt' ht•r.n d t'Pilll1f'd h,v ,.,·pn tht• most arclt•nt th eor·ists. �T h e W e s t e r·n C o m r a d e T , lf E Em·opean \\' ar is about half over. 7 C A.uother ANADA ha r vived her ltymn of hate and gone mny se<> its end. The "·ar debt will grow as fierc ly into the Gott strafing business as in g-r•:iiiPr' ratio l'al'h month the struagle contina-es. any Briti h-loathi:fig Get·man junk~r. Tht· "·ar has gonP so far that P\'Cry war bond will The ccopd v ,rse of the ational anthem, once ht· r·t•ptHliah•<l. Thl' struggling worker'S -of Europe . strif!kim out, ha ·b.een authoriz d by the Angelican "·•·n· aln·ad~· hParing a burden far beyond their ~n­ Bi hoJ?. at. t'b genera]. synod. The proclamation of dur:IIJt·<·. The~· <·annot pay th<> debt or even the tlte' saintly · gent . tat~ t~wt in· the 'tim.e of' war and int•·r··st on · tht• tlt•ht. Tlw wealth producers lie in tum.u lt the ve1·se 'may be sung with p erfect propriE>ty. ··AU ·.ri'gllt h r e goes: .'' <'ill' o· Lord, our God, arise! Seatter his ' armies, :And . make .them fall. Confound . their politi.cs, · frustrate their knavish tricks, 011 'l.'hee our hopes we fix. · .God save· us all. Asitle from the· banality, ~ mdity, and th.e fact that it is quaint to the point of grotesqueness, this seems fair enough . . ln fact, viewi~g the submarines and th e Zeppeli.ns, we would stand for even stronger dope than· merely confounding politics or beshrew.ing the Kaiset· for his Jmavish tricks. Jf m<>n of Gocl can stand in th e pulpit and implore .Jehova to d cstt·oy the armies of' their enemy, why may not the congre-gation arise and sing1 or even stand on chairs as did the Bishops, and roar out the words of this stodgy .apth.em 1 Anyway, we like tlfe omnihus ending, "God save us all." But. of <·ourse, that means only· u·s .Br·itains" ~a,· p us '?For what1 + + + S 0:"\ 'I'll E r:.\LLLPOLI "Did you .,,·er se~ l'ENl~~(' J "\ sue!; a nut?" - l'le \·cta nrl l'la in J>toalcr tfJt· muddy tl't·rH·h t•s or· han g in ghustly festoo ns on th•· harht>d-wir·p Pntanglcments. Repudiation is inl'\'it;d.J e unrl in th e cr·ash ·will come the r·e\rolntion that "·ill I'('JHtdinte all debts and destroy all paper upon whi <,.h i~ \\Titten the enslavement of one by anotht•r. O< ' IAT;lSTS who haY~ long known of the 'frightful maladjustment under· capitalism may well dra\\' llllH·h amusement from the antics of the honrgPoise under th e pro<·t·ss of' expropriation now so appar'PIIt c\·e r~· wherP. The f':H·t is that 96 .per (•(•nt nr t hP A nwri.<:HII JH•oplt' ill'(' dl'spcrately poor -and that tlw remaining fo m· per· cent control all the ,·ast \\'Palth of the nation. In Los Angel es where t he pinch comes the most SP\· l're on the tnidtll class, it is amusing to watch the squi rm and to hea r the squawk of the erstwhile proud possessor of sund ry parcels of real estatev;u·ant Jots or small houses for rent. Upper Spring. str<>et is a gravryard a11d Yivid signs are there show- �The Western Comrade 8 -. ~ng the wreckage left by ·small merchants who have gone under. >- . Few storekeepers are paying rent, and the "help" is frequently on half pay. Big d~partment stores are giving " paper " .for their advertising bills aiJ.d thousands of disemployed flock the streets. HundrPds of holnes are broken up and seveial families are found in one house. The seasonal ~orkers are tlo<·king into the cities, hut they have not their oldtill•<· gmb stake. On th<· hi ghwHys tlH• blanket stiff is joined by a n,.,,. spP<·i<•s. This is' not the old-timer with a bindle TRIUMPH OF l\IAN! The Monk : "Yes, Darwin was right! " --Milwa ukee Leader st il'k, but tlw disemployed city workm:-clerks, su)psmt•n, lJOokJ,eeprrs and ot.het· soft-handed capitalist-minded pllHJWrs. On theit· faces one sees the fi~st flush of eagt>mess of the adventure. Later these fal'es will he IPss plrasant to look upon. The youths are teaming a h•sson from the old timers and stJ·ange S<'Pnes a1·e enacted after. the mulligan is downed and the groups are gathered around flickering camp fires. These things are of California, but· the tragedy ·of it is of every state._ There is a terrific under current of thought in . the world today. There will either be a swift, peaceful overturning of the e·conomf~ an!l :industrial world or there will · be &; tremendep.s · re'v,olution. . These statements have bee~ made a thousi!Jld :times, but the. hour is almost here,. The crash is imp·en'ding-but the masters, the 96, are .deaf abd blind. Will they wait too long ? +' + + J -OUN SPARGO contributed much to the interest in_ the great· Labot· Day confet·ence in New York. . In speaking of the need for understanding and steadfastness, he declared that the ideal of Socialism . was to establi,s h a great industriJil democracy, where equality of opportunity pertained. He helieved .that _society. ·was no\v making tremendous strides toward ·collective owner.ship and that the war was hastening these strides. Capitalism "·as 1nore and more leaving such great projects as the construction of the Panama Canal, the development of hygiene, etc., to the collectivity. He asserted, however, that that sort. of collectivism was not Socialism ; that Socialists desire a collectivism .shot through and through with the· passion of democracy. " Out of the hell of :Mars, out of the bloody mist of war will come the Socialist Movement chastened, less arrogant, less dogmatic than before, disciplined and awakened. It must face many practical problems, and T hope that it will have the courage not to tcmp01·ize.'' + + + of Kier Hardie,_Socialism loses one I Nof Itsdeath greatest figures. E1ghteen months has ~h_e sern the taking _away of some of the greatest figures in th e world 's mo,·ement: Be bel, Jaures, DeLeon, iiardie-leaders of radical thought of four countries. Hardie 's loss at this time is a great blow to the radical movement. In the hour of the approaching world-wid~ · upheaval, such men as these will be sorely missed. To the British Socialist the death of Kier Hardie comes as a personal bereavement .. ln th e Socialist l\fovement at large, there is a keen sense of an irreparable loss. �o.mr ad e Fanaticism Means Failure T·h e Western C .g By JOB HARRIMAN W HAT is the trouble with the Socialist Party mt·mhership ? . \\'hy · are t!Jere fewer members by one half today than ia 1912 ? Is thet·c a shortage of propaganda material? No, the fie lds an• whitt• with hanest. An• \\·e not in the midst of a world wad ls not this fiendi.sh struggle the ripe fmit of Capita !ism ·: Are Hot the best men of the worlrl being murdered in cold bloou, by the powers, only for cornmt·rr·ial suprPma<:y 'I l s Hot the commissary of the ,,·orld being impoYct·isheu ? ] s not starvation gripping thr· Yitals of all Eu rope today 7 .\ sltort agp i11 Propaganda matct·ial! l-Iavt:. we not ;1 pani•· in out· own t·ount t·y! Has nature not blt>sst•u us 11·itl1 the l;n·gest crops iu the history of our nation. Is Hot the pri~:c of wheat low and the price of flour high! llan· \\'C not millions of idle men willing and anxious to \\·ork ? Arc their' farms and homes not !!Ood s•···urit.1· for money if th ey could borrow ? Are t ht·y not told by the money powers that there is no monr·y to lt•nd ? ,\rc not the same baul<et·s no11· lending $;)00.000.000 to the .\!lies for war purposes while they fon:r·losl' the mortgages on the farms and homes of 011r r·ountry because there is no money to led? A shortage in Propaganda material ? Are we not now in the act of entering into a war with : \lexica ? ls our action not being forced by the land, mine and oil field proprietors of that country? Has not the Commission on Industrial Rehitions uncovered an int l' l'llH I condition that is shaking our institutions to t hrir Y('ry foundations ? Are -ive not shipping millions of tons of food .to feed the European war while our <·hildren starw at home?. ·w ould it not be wiser to stane the war and feed our children ? Surely our membership in the Socialist Party is not in a state of lethargy because there is no new propaganda material. Then what is the trouble 1 - The t~ouble is with our methods. W e are not practical. We are doctrinaries. We nre traYeling the road of the old S. L. P. We are making a fetish of our movement, a r eligion of our theories. We m·e Puritans. ·we are "absolutely right." "All others are wrong." We are the guardians of a "sarred" organization. We are weeding out the heretics. Only those who are "clear" may remain. We are sincPr e, honest and devoted. We are suspicious of others. "Those who are not with us are against us," are wrong- arr dangerous. We are developing a fana- ticism that will be our downfall unless our course is chang-ed . .,_ .We believe we are right, but that does not makE_l us right nor does ·it say we are wrong. . It only says we believe, ·. · , . Believing a trut.h · ~hl1t we do not practice is as dnnge't{)us· to the· mind a·s believi.rig a. falsehood that we cannot practice. Belief alone l~ads to fanaticism. Aostract prmciphis mq t be tested and sustained by practical, concrete exper~ences. , These experiences are the ballast; without th~m the mind will flounder and sink. Truth arid honesty alone will ·not sustain the mind . .\I ental, like bodily development, depends on action. Honest ? Of co~rse our p_eople are honest, but that will not save them. Every fanatic is honest. If he Were UOt horiest he could nQt be fanatic. An .honest profound conviction is t he essentia:l element of fanaticism. Couple .tb:,tt . conviction with sufficient experience to convert the energy to some p.r actical purpose and your fanatic will be r esolved· into a man of judgment imd power. While our move.m ent was small, practical operations were impossible, and hence fanatics developed, hut now that the movement is powerful it will demand practical men and practical operations or it wiiJ. dissolYe and r eorganize in some practical form. Nor must we deceiYe our·selvcs and insist that our course is right because we are happy in our·belief. All people are happy in their helicf else· they could not believe. When one becomes unhappy in his belief his helief r hanges. After all belief is a sor t of rest~ng place for the mind. Stimulate ~ t and it becomes a conviction, put it to some practical purpose and it becomes a social passion, rob it of pncticability and it leads to fanaticism. Mob psychology is made up of the psychology of its members and will he sobet·, well poised and determined if its work deals largely with practical affairs, but it will tend to fanaticism if it spends its energy in propaganda alone. I submit that the- Socialist party spends the vast majority of its effort in propaganda and for this rea- . son is moving toward fanaticism, as did the S. L. P .' It will change its course. It will become more active i.n the labor movement and in co-operative _enterprises or it will dissolve. Capitalism will be overthrown by . an organization that can deliver more comforts to the people than Capitalism can deliver, or it will not be overthrown at all, talk, teach, preach, -and argue as we may. a �The Western Comrade ]I) War's Pentecost By FRANK H. WARE A:-.IY thousands rrom the districts devastated by the cataclysm of war make their way to America. MOl!lt of them have stories to tell. All disavow ability or intent to write them: This Is one of the tales of an American 'who lived through Home of t.he most momentous days at tbe front dtrr.ing the recent flghting)n the Cbampagne . dletFlct. M ~=="'!'!'",..._ :\ tl••· sll'i1·l of tl~< · l'lll'tex 1 found myself their gran's or· niaimt:;d: and distigured-the latter a m~naec; tC? society for th e remaiuder of thcit· day·. hesid t· a strd<·her o11 whieh lliswhit<·-fa<:e<L ho.1· b1.v staring upward. .lips were Jn hut little more than a }'l'lil: t\l·,·h·e 'million.· had hceu lllol' illl!. hut no sound <·am1· f1·om them. l<illed and .. wounded. In t It•· i!l·imt· and filth of woonds and I wandered o1·er to ·when· onP of the wound Pd was war l1is ltllif'oi'IJI was- indistiriguisltabl e. sittiug in a wheel ehair·. Ills. f'a<·t• was pallid, hut the \\' o· n · tit•· lips forming the wonls "l'nsl't dPep fUl'l'OUghs that Ullttl it 31J(J the t!J·ooping eyelid.· \':ll• ·r , .. ":\otn· !'Pre" or "Our Fatlter' '7 that WOUld . close for· lll(HilClltS at a time ])(•spoke o[ Hll tilt · stn·to·lll'r :1nd 1\'t' 'rolloll'<'d t Itt· ~.rhastly pro- i11tense suffcriug. I noti<:ctl al~o that his ri!!ht ann •·•·ssion i11to till' dark. low, nwlt -lil;" ·· hospital' ' ward. had bee n arilputa.t<·d ahol'c t11e elhuw. Tilt· sig-ht or 1\'0IItldt·d :ttld d,ving lllt'n ,:aiiSI'd a " You must han· b('~> n in a prPtt~· toul-!h l•atllP ? .. quPri('d so as to· O(H',n a t<Jnl't'I'Sation. 'Ill•·•·•· s•· lls:llioll to pass ol·l' r 1111 ·. .\ sl'nsation that was li e lllPI'l'ly IIOtlded his .IH•ad in ass<•nt. J waited a h:df' pit .1· 1111d lo:dr ltntn·<l. l'it~· for thos•· in pai~: . f'l'\1' TllOtnt' lltS for'nim ·to say SOmt>thilll-( and finally ht• lo:lln·d J'or tl1oS1' who <·111lst·d it. But with tl11• towns. JII'OJIII· tlu· si~.rltt of' it11nd1·t·ds of woundPd arri1·ing raisPd tht• stump, M hi~ rig-ht a1·1n so as to flaunt tht· I'I'''I'.V holll' lt<1d st•·t·lo·<l tltl'ir· hearts to th r suff<·r·ini!, t·mpty slec1·e in thP air and said: '' 'I'IH'y'l'<' all t<nl~h ." ' ' If' you don't mind. I 'll lon~.r n~.ro. On t !Jc• o·ols tPII you ahout tho· ln1ttl<' l:1y 111:111,1' who had lost . 1 wns shot in,. , l11· ;ii]d('d. a r111 or lt •g-. Otill'rs, who I had o·Otlll! a long way lo:1d J .. ·~ · n hlindt•d h,v hand to St'l' t·Jtis ltospit;ll and I 1-!l'o·nado·s in <·lose trench alrtii·ipntPd hearing mHn.v lil-!ht in g . ll't>n• hPing !eel l'l'I'OUnts of' hatt]o•s. SO ] :trOlllld hy nur·srs and dortold him to) 1-{0 alto·a d . tol's. But what surprised "It wns i11 thf' Cham 111" most was th(' great' pni:.rn distri..t, " ho• started uumlll'l' ol' grry-hai1·ed m<'n , mrn past ruiddle 11gt>, out,. "a nd o u1· battalion \\·as joinl'<l b.v titl'<•f' oth among th<• wounded. I ···rs. \\'p had ord<·rs to ex pP<'t r~<l to fincl for the most ]lH rt younl-( lllPJ1- t Jtp <·Ita 1'1-!'' t It r Pllf'lll.l' ·s trPnt·ht•s 011 tit<· following llo\1·<'1' of t hP nation, as tht·.v II'PI'(' I'Rllrd- hut it day. Our· artill<•l',l' ha cl dotH' splt'IHJ id ll'ork tl11• WHS tiH• I'PI'rr·sp that g'l'l't' { P(l In<'. da.1· ho•f'ol'o• a nd our ma <·hinP ~runs had rakrd Why is \t Y'' T asl\ed a ·doll'lt lm tl<ln' <ls SUI'!!C'Oll . lfp tiii'IH' <] 1111!'1 w:tll\f'tl nwn.1· without "TI11• ,];,~·of tilt· ..!Htl'l!" H ll:o;\\'PJ•in~ hrok r \\·;n·m a 111! sunny. "Why is it ?" I r~c;l;cd l ' nclrr I'OYrr· of tho ·i1· 0\1' 11 J?lliiS th<• l'tH·m~· wrrr of 11 11111'""· Shr lnokP<l at Ill(' fm· ',1 lllOilll'llt. thPH tn PtHlin!! tlu•i r 1,1irbl'clIOWI'I'<l hl't' hP:Hl an<l ll'il·t· ··ntalll-d<'m<·nts. All lllOI'nillg' \\'P k Ppt 11p :1 . rmssPd on. dt•sult or_,. fir~ and it was It was IH•o·nusP I hC' . · thP artillery did splendid work." n<'at ·l ~· noon h1·forr th e flo\l't't' of t hP nation or·tlt•l' •·:11no• for thl' 1·lrargP. II'Pl'f' 110\1' PilhPt' rott in~ in li.t''fcJ~ ·r• IJ1. . a �u· The Western Comrade When it came we poured arm had been sla bed to o\·er our trenches and the bone in everal plac~ , started for them. In a The cuts all · over my momeut, machine guns body began to burn. Then were raking us down by I swoonPd. hundreds, hut we were ''In the hospital the thousands. Then 1 seemed doctors told me gangrene to go Jllad. .:\ly .-omr·ades had set in ·and that they were mad. Om· hoar·sc would have to amputate. t·l'il'S edlO!'U abo,.,, \IS .in At first I refused to sub. mit. I )Vanted that a~m th•· ~wr·•·arning shrapnt>l. ··The first trench was and had to have it. Without it I couid not earn a fillt•J \\'ith ueau and uyrug. Some of the enemy living for the stay-at~ homes-my wife and chi). ,,·ere 1l•·•·iug. Other·s met ·dren. I fought them off us in dt·spcration. Tlw time and again, but finally ro·st st ()flU stupified w,ith when the pain got so in- . t't·Hr. BayorH'tS jabbetl tense I submitted to tlw Hlld thrust. t'H..lr Oil!' tlripoperation. r·t·d. Blood was pill go "I now wear H metal l'\'!'1',\' \\'lit•)'l' c·r'oss. For· it 1 show an "l r•·tn•·~r·. stumbling empty sleeve. But in that Hlld rHlli ll~ ft(')'OSS the .hattlr npar·ly thirty thoui>odio·s nf' S!'\'t•ral of' tlw sand now wear n wooden •·n••my . On rising T ll" cross.'' t i····d t IJt· HIt iru'do•s or SO Ill!' For a moment neither· or tho• do•Hd. :\!any ~\'t•t'P one UR spoke. Finally in su,.IJ lirP-likt> poses. The Stay-at-Homes __________________ -_B.::.y_J_._G:_a_b_r_re_r•..::... e , I broke the silence by Ont• nHrll lookPd as if he asking: "WhPn . will \Yas .iust lying down restilll!: Iris '',l't•s Wt>r·e widP op!'n and a faiut smih• .played thrse Caesers stop fif.{hting Y" lit> loohd at me sharply af•r·oss his fat•e. Anoth t;>r OI1C' was leaning against the for a mom~>nt he fore he Hnswt>l't'd: '~ Whl'll the fight. sidt• or th·· tt't'llt'h . .onp hand raised to his hip . \\'hilc ers stop th(• Caesers. '' " \Yhen the fightt•rs stop t ht• Caest'l'S ?'' l queried. anothPt' still graspPd the handles of -a mal'lri11e gun, Looking around eaut.iously hefore replying hP his 1',\' ('S JlPPring through the sights, his hody tPlrse and rigid . BPhind us. \'aught in the t•11emy 's harhPd wirt>, leaned toward me and sai~ in a low voiee: "Yes. 'l'he \\'Pt'e man,v of our own 1•omnrdrs. thf>ir mouths widr time is near at hand wiH'n the m11stPrs will have had oprn, tlwir t>yt's star·ing at us, yet they were 1111 dead. enough . ThC>y will try to call their men off the hattiefields to operate again the mills, mines, factorips and \\'t>, who lil't', C>nl·~· t,host> who die. "lt took hut !l gl!lneP to take this in and nftf>r r·un- farms. But the soldier of today is fast awakening. ning- on for· tPI1 yards or so l was in thl' thi(·k of This war is tca(•hing him a lesson. Whisperings in the it ag-ain. I was mad again nncl 1 slnshed and stahhed trenehes with his comrades dur·ing lulls in the fighting at this man aiHl that; tnnnpling OI'Pr the fallt>n, rom- finds him eng(•r to learu more. 1 le sC>es why he is fighting. ratlt~ or· I'IH·m.v . 'l'hPn •·arne inky blackness. "Try him out uow with some• of the patriotic talk '' \\'lro·n I ;nYokP tht• stars \\'PI'!' slriuing ancl dead that rons~>d him to such fer·\'or whrn the master class · "'"''" lyinl! all m·ountl llll'. ] tr·it•d to r·aise myself to was urging tht• workC>rs to enlist!" The wounded man look ur·ound. hut ,.,·pr·_l'lhing swam hefor'<' my C>~• es and I sank ha('k again. 'l'hP hloocl on m,v hands and faro laughed a ghastly ('huekle that at first seemC>cl natural hatl tll'il'd antl fl'lt itehy. )Jy lwnd was hul'llinJ! an<l hut C>lldPd in a horTihle grimaC>e of pain. Then he ront i IHH'd : my hands antl fpt't fp)t lllrtnh and <•o\d. " .\ t first tlrt' propagandists wer·e fpw in mnnhers ''Tt \\'lis qnitr some time lwfore ] tri~>d to move and wlw11 the~· \\'PrE' raught it WPnt harcl with ·tht•m. ag-1rin. hut whPn I did a sharp pain on my riJ!ht arm :\'ow" 1 think his t'Yt'S twinkled as ht• said this," DOW madP lllP stop s1uldt>nly. \\"ith my left hand I rPaC>hed it i<; diffPr<'nt !" on•r· 11nd slow]~· f1•lt uparul clown to find thP hmt. 'rh'<' 0 of �12 The Western Comrade Enemy's Child . By CHA R L O TT·E HOLM E S C R AWF ORD i n The F o rum r.L:J~~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\ AlS, ::\ladame, do n.ot let them write it. 1\ly mother laid him in my arms when he wa but down "de pere inconnu.'' "Fat.ller un- an hour old•. "V'la ton affai_re,":·she said.. known" .is mother dishonored. Say Ah,.Mada:me, to have a little brother to care for, it ~ rather "enemy's child." . is almost bett!Jr than to have a son. It was on!~~- yesHow, ::\[adame? If I am willing for t~rday thai ·1 taught ~im to walk. Yesterday-a thou. " . . . . . le Gouvernement to take this Thing ' sand years~it is. the same. when it comes? What should I do with .. They came to ~~r village as to the others. They it, this Enemy's Brat 1 It js not mine. . took M.'sieu le Maire, and said they would kill him A woman bears her children a soq homme·a elle. This if anyone. in the' village did not instantly obey. · child is not mine. We were frightened. Had we not seen the poor Oui , i.Iadame, last night they brought me here on ' people'? Oh, les. pau~, gens! Had we not heard the the road of iron \1·ith the wounded. I worked in the · cries and the shooting in the dark ? For eYery shot, fi<'lds, J hl'lped with the sick and buried the dead until .a .life, We were still. · my time was drawing near. We kep~ in our house. The hours went hy until A little while more aud I shall bring forth a mon- we thought we should go mad with the tramping. ster, half Freuch and half Enemy. 'fwQ heads it will Was the w'Mle, world come to France ? At last, Char~-?t have and two hearts, for never those two can make ran· out: . My ·father shouted to him, _but he leaped through _the door and was ·g one. one. (~ucl age, ::\ladame ? Ten months ago I was niQe"An instant, to see," he called back. tccD- JJinetcen, and betrothed to Mathieu. Now I He did. not come and he· did not come. All tht·ee, am olu, old and )[athicu- do you see this, here on the we went to find him. t·onl around my neck ' That is what they gave . me · And then,wiH'n J wC'nt for ne11·s of Mathieu. A great basketful "Melie! Melie!" of them and another and another. A harvest from It was Charlot 's voice, calling me. · I sa11· him the :l\'Iarme. They seri1·ehcd in one and gave me this, running toward me,· and- he had no hands. Charlot :\T athicu 's numbe1·. l\f athieu, un numero! ·. Voila tout! had no hands. The river has taken him away. At last we stopped thC' bleeding. ·Then They came, Oui, 1\Iadame, notre village. 1t has no need now demanding to eat. · One stood by the bed where to hC'- how do they say ?-deleted hy ~[ 'sieu le Charlot was lying. "If the Prussians had done this in 1870," he said ( 'ensC'ur. Shall a heap of ruhbish bear a name 1 There is uothiug more. Only ashes and debris and stupid, in French, "there w·ould not he so many sacre Frenchgaping walls. All, all gone. And o.f 1\[athieu,- rien men left to fight now. " que ca. They went through our hours. They found· the gun. old and rusty, \rhich mon grandpere had eanied Que voulez-vous? It is for France. Dost thou hear that, thou Enemy's Bt·atY m 1870. We ·had hidden it, but they found it. The church-ah, 1\Iadame, you should see. The One said, looking at Charlot: Holy Virgin in her niche was untouched. They say she ''At least, thou wilt not usc it, thou.'' hid IH•1· facie when thC' first shell struck She was And Charlot-11h, Madame-he was but a ·hild. good to oiu· YillagC'. For so many years the crops and we had spoiled him- lool\ed at his bloody bandage Wl'l't' good . This year even- but this crop was and smiled. not in. '' 1\[a. foi, M 'sieu l'Ennemi, I can learn to shoot Com bien. 1\Iadamc? l\Iy fatber, my mother, I and with the feet." Charlot. There were two between, but le bon Dieu Madame, they took him out. They held us bound to watch. They stood him up ·against the house-so was kind to them. They died before.. Charlot wa twelve, Madame. He was a good little, ah, he looked so little standing there. boy. M 'sieu le Cure said he was a good boy. But Once he cried out: . "Melie!" Shall I ever forget ? hold, Madame. We spoiled him, we others. We Melie: It was like when he ~liS tout petit and afraid thought there was no boy like Charlot. in the dark. Then he sobbed: Charlot! Charlot! "("{lf;t pour Ia patrie." �13 Tke WesteT-n. CtHIU'a.de Yes, ~Jiadame. They sho't filiu. Charlot! Charlot! The next day-was itf-1 do not know. The days all ran together after that. Someone had fired, they said, fired a. shot ~or France. They overrim the vii. Jage, shooting, burning, and-_Ah, Ilion pere! When they seized me, be hurled a stone. That time, they used the bayonet. I did not know any more for a long time. The 1-!'ood sisters found me an(l kept me in the cellar of the •·onYent till I was well again. Then first of all I thought of my mother. I went back to the village,-non, Madame, I will be kind. You shall not hear. Such things are not to hea r. ~loi, j 'ai vu. I found my mbther. With a little stick, she was goking in the ashes where our home had been. She did not know me. Day by day, I brought her food, the little that I ,.ould find. Then, one day, the wall-there was one left standing-fell down and crushed her. I pulled away the stones from her, but she was dead: I set a ~tone at her head and another at her feet. They came l'rom our fireplace. My little crucifix I laid upon her l>t·east and 1 made the sign of the cross over her and said my pruyer·s. 1 pray the Savior will forgive her till' last sacrament. If ·not, Seigneur, I swear, those la~t days, 1 would take for them a thousand years of purgatory. ,Jesus, let them pass her hers. - • • • • Ah, :\ladame, when I found that I had conceived! I ran to the Holy Mother where she stood unharmed in her nich,e. I knelt down among the stones and broken glass. Before I had never seen her so ,.J,•arly. .-\hrnys in the dim light of candles and the eolor·t>d windows. ow she was all light, ~unlight. :\Iadame, I prayed to her to let me do the forbidden thing. I t<lld her all why, so many reasons why. "A ign, give me a sign, Holy One," I prayed, A long time, I waited. The clouds were passing, one by one, away from the sun. It was one clear day in the long wet. 'ometime he was in shadow, ~omHimt'. bright. At Ia t, I wear it, be shook ht>r· head "It i for France," 1 cried, and w~ited again. There wa no an wer, though I waited long. But slw had haken her head. The Holy )!other bad ~hnken her head. The Medical tA>rp found me wandering and starving. '''Thou nt strong. Thou eanst help. " ometimes I ~relped with the o I did, J\Iad'atne.. wounded, ometlmre I buried dead. the Al'way among the: etltm!f dead and wQ.lulde.d, I kept looking, to:r ·I thought: "If l find him, the: r&'\'is &l', m yhet tl1e;w ill Ml need to \\"rite it. down 'de pe,re ineQIUlu.• " But I did not kno.w him. Madam • Row ould It There was not only- one. I said to the Hate-.Thin.g withi!D. me:~ ''When I look on him, leap Thou~ that 1 may know.'' One day~ ~ ~· Them slidu;g by in th6 di tauce, except- for 'tlteir' moving, like a piece of the pltl<in be. hind Them. Only her ~d t.her the un ou their helnfets.. · Then a . 'red hat~ prang up between me and Them. I sp~t toward Them. 'I h y march d like one creature. ·They wer · on cr ature-:-one Devil, the Enemy. And the Ilate-Thmg within me gave a. great leapt· Theil I knew it was not the child of one, but of &llEnemy's Child. · . · · And I made·up a ong of rejoicing over th ir dead which I .buried. When I was alone I sang it aloud. When I was. not alone, it sang itself in me. "Blood pooling our furrows tOdi\YEnemy's blood : F~lr gr.een crops tn our ft Ida tomorrow! Lie there, little Enf;lmy, fl\tten our flelds!" Was I mad Y l do not know . . It sang ·its If in me. And often I laughed how they thought to co.n qu r. Can French fieldS bear alien tlrops? Not though they are sown thick with ei:remy slain! . And the Hate-'fhing within me grew ·al)d grew, and with it my hate. But the Holy ]\foth t• had shaken her head. Mary, forgive me that T murdered it many a day in my heart! Mon Dieu, to have trl\vail for an Enemy's Brat! Mon Dieu, how the night is long till tl1c morrow I Oui, Madame, the paper. Bring it and I will sign . it. Enemy's Child shall be Gouvernement 's Child. An revoir, Madame. Pricz pour moi I ·• • • • • Mais non, Madame, I cannot. lie has the yes of Charlot. On my arm they laid him, and J look at biro for the first time, and his eyes, they are Cbadot'a. How can I give him up Y • Tell Gouvernement I will be French for two. Can a French field bear an alien crop 1 AJ1 , 1\Jadame, Jove is stronger than lww. ~~)' Jove has conquered my hate. And something oCt and small in the crook of my arm., tl1at swutest o11nd, a oh of content and tlw tug of little Up at my breast. . . . _ Ab, see, be opeD:S them. tille eye of Olarl.ot.. WP fils a moi ~ -;. �' J..J T - e e teT Co . Tade Daughters of Jo ·w By RO E AJ,KIXH arm-in-arm with . oldie HARLA. 'D fa The or luioo ilo:rs, chucking this one under the chin, pattin,.. that on1~ on the cheek, laughing over the hoolder a the ot hrH, with a glad eye for all, what happygirls they Kl•t•med when the s<!a was all a-glitter and the u:n Heor(·hing thP hot sands! Home of them would lie basking in the nrf for ilou:r , IIIUJZ:h!n:t !lhrilly when the waves da lied over their Kunlnu·ut annK anrl leg<;;- and the SliD; hining aliRe on thr good and evil, 1·ained his warm .~i es on their f'lH·r•!!- prf•tty fares. too, when- the dimple came and m•nt in th<• joy of the passing hour. And the saucy hadinagP of wnrds with all and sundry, the ready wit, thc· quic·l< _jco-;t, th1• •·arPless freedom. Thr·n Ollt' thon~rht: "Surely_ this a hcttet· life thai1 Jon!! hour·s in a swl'ater's den, the paltry pence for lorr ~-t mr1·hani<·al lahor. and the pale, anaemic faces of I h• • •·it~· hy - wa~·s ~ ·' TlPr•• at ]past wal; the free air and >'lillli!.dlt :till! Sf'H. plrnty to Pat and clr·ink, lots of pt·ett~­ c·lothPs, anrl ldssps hy 1l1 P .:;rorr. Th r Oil!' with th .. lllllOt·f•nt. widP. blue ryt's was ·we:Jrin~ n hlur ~fadonna hood ovrt· hPr g-old hair. and hPr fiOII'Pt' l'at•f' smi1Pt1 t·hild_ish]_,. on all as she pas~ ed: antl il' n h:1rrl strPl~· look <·nme into those eyPs at times, what wondPl' • ~h<• hatl hl't' pri1·r and would not hP beaten down so lnng as shr had youth anrl hrant~· for the hHl'!!ni ning-. 'l'lH•n th r prrt ty dark one . .so mnrh sought nflt•t·. whosP pin], rlrrs~ brought out the rose hloom nf hPr· rhPfks- of' ~atut'P ';; painting, too. ns ~·r t. Like Luok' wa . again t them, too, n · thl•y shin>i• tl lll;tl rasscd · through the Ia hing g-nl<>. iJ;Cht f 11 1 nml j);1ss('d, :md ·somethiil!! impt>llt•d the womnn with tll\' S";ert eyes who liwd in tl11• h011 P by th l J Ok out· ~>:t dawn-the gre~·. (·hill. t•ar·ly dnwn f n <'hrrt·· ]e<;;; summer day. There, .huddled in. a shf'lter, inunohih• :>s dr:l.tlt, at two of thr dnughtrt• of joy. 'l'hry had spent the lot)g rold night thPt' . 'rh hirds of the :-~ir haY~ nests, hut girl who mnk n plny'thing of ]oYc haYe not wher•() to lay th()ir. h 11ds. And the sweet woman with the mothrr· Rottl 11hining in her l)eautiftlt pm·e eye., , aid: "I <'ll!mot ~le•'P now for thinking of thosr poor girl , :Hltsirlr- -alwa~·E< outRirle.. l 1,11\'e a danghtt>r my11rlr.'' The Fable of the ·"Nut" By :\.. F. G A :'\ :'\ 0 :-< 0 Nl'B upou 11 time tht>rt· was a ~ut with a handful of hohnails jingling nhout in his . _ ingle-eylinder nwntnlit~· until tht> latter dt>n•loped 11 Knoek. He det•ith>tl thnt :\lalthu mn t have been off hi; feed Good nnd Pt•otwr wht•u tlw poor boob pulled that .. moral 8t•lf-t•ontrol .. stuff. so, ou the priueiple that it· beth•r llltt• t hnn Xt>wr, th<> • 'ut t't hitn t'lf a iduou ly to l't'llh•tl~· tlw 1Ialtlm ian Miff. lh.• hml fiw notdw on tht' Health~· End of hi Hat wht•tt tht• Johu La\\' :: uad intt>rruptt'd b'- . _ ()(•iologit•nl J.aho , and landt'4.i him in a Quf'i"r. saft> fnuu tlw lufuriatl."d .lob \\'bo n:-entl."d h- rt>eeut attNUJlt to p..'rforate tbt•ir Rotund and peett>d ft>IIO\\'itizt'u au l lmhnrial llo!!Ul Jeremiah Coldea . Whill" tht> -'ut \\' n1minating in tbe Dippy Df'n. with his teering gear jammed at an angl o£ forty· ~in-' Degrees, on the erut>lty of a cold and unappre:.. iatiw l'ommunity, the citizens wer h avin ligbs o! rt>lief and ru bing into cold Print and Public •tter· anet> with ·tatement about the Hand of Provid Df'f' heing de eel'nahlt- iu the delivery from d ath of "our e teemed townsman and hent>faetor, J rPmiab oM· •·a.-h. ·· .Jt>remiah. beiol! .Jake. wrote out two (at ('hf>t•k•. •Hit· for tht> Polic-t• R,•Jit>f and anoth r for a wortby Lol'al Charity-tht>n ord rt>d his A1C nts tn flO t)O\fll to Kell~- · Pateh. wh r.- bill tt>nf'tDf'Dt• were looat,.,L and jimm~- into tht' l:ndnfed InCant '• llilk 1-'uwl witb a tl"o-pt>r.-ent ioc-rt'ase o(-r~rotals all arounll, l!ORAL: Who' Loony Xo..-! . �The Western -Comrade }5 . Section of Llano Showing Construction in Progress. Building in' Foreground In Course of Construction Is an Addition to tlie Ranch Office lndu~trial Activity ·I-n spirin-g By R. K. WILLIAMS NE , of our· new m mbers, a woman of lovely cha racter and sweet persona lity, made the remark the other day that in all her tr·avels she has at last found a plaee where one hear·s all the sounds of industrial activity and none of the accomP.anying .'Ounds of discontent. ~he is particularly charmed with the meloclious ring of the anvil, the explosive exhaust of en!fines and the buzz of the saw as it ploughs its way · through the wood. Afar ovet· the fields and orchards th\· sounds travel, and mingling therewith is the song of men, content and strong, in the knowl dge of ahsolnte possession of the job. These little signs were significant things to her. Where else in the United States can the same be said Y Com in ~ directly, as she did, from the rompetit ive struggle and the gt·ind of life, these tokens of industry with harmony and peace made a deep impre sion upon her·. The rtrrhing hertvens conti,nne ~o ponr down an dfulgenc·r of light. :\fever a shadow darkens the hr·oad reaches of the valley.. Distance· come and go, the mountains move and quicken under the rays of a soft October sun. The climate is superbiy ideal. The mornings, as the sun ~ sending shafts of ·opalescent colors athwart the sky, has the zest of .coming winter·, but as it rises higher over the distant ranges of the Sierras, a gentle warmth permeates all things and Nature seems, indeed, at peace with herself. The evenings, bril1iant and cool, lure one to the comfort of the bed and there are few here that spend wakeful or r estless nights. lt may sound like a sanitorium advertis ment, but the truth is t hat gener-ally, member of this colony sleep sounder than in places of the same size anywh re in the country. Doubtless this is due to the fa.ct that we arc over 3100 feet elevation and there is no fog or tlew to encumber the atmospher·P. Th n, too, there is something else. That something elsp is simply a feelin g- a feeling of security. · \Ye are growing as fast as it is . afe to g row. ln faet the pr·ohlem of housing tli(· inr·ome r·s keep the building defartmlc'nt working up to the limit. More �16 - • 1n1p e o �ies at the Llano Com.m.uni loni11~ .\I ill IIIUI \'ood orki11g rhi11rry �18 The Western Comrade from the ,hotel to the dairy and the number of" men working there, a r r a n g e ments have been made to build a substantial bunk house ·. for th ir accommoda.tion. 'l'he building will contain . five .· roomsthree bedroom 12x12, kitchen 12x16 and dining room of 16x16 feet. . d In addition to the Type of the Temporary Clay Brick Houses at 'I.:lano building, there \\:ill be placed two tents l2x12. than 77 lit•\\' resiu PIJ ts took up their abode in the col~ AS6urance are thi.1s g iven that a great deal of incouOIJ,V dur·iJi g tl.lc past thirty days. 'fhis represents .'47 ven.i~·ni:e will he done .away with an.d much l'Omfor·t . .added. to thes~ hard working men. aet tw l st<Jl'kholdcrs with working contracts. \' i>;i1ors and prospects conti!lu e to come: 'fh1·ee huti- · · Tht• library, which .is a branch of the Los .Angeles dred and twenty ea 1·nest people were the guests of the · County Library, is. g rowing. eolony in the last month. One cannot help but be imSewNtl hundreti . volumes of books will be added pressed with the earnestness display'ed. The hotel is Jo . the library within a week. 'fhis is a donation of pr·o,·ing too small for the accommodation of the hc.m- the. Los Angeles Liberal Club aJ).d thanks is- due \Yalte1' bers that want to eat with us. 8o the building depart- Collins, secretary Of that organization. mL·nt is beginnin g the WOrk of enlarging the assembly Other donations have been through C01made hall anti \\'li CII r:o mpl ctcJ will add onc~tliinl more space, A(;]olph Lofton of Lowgap, Washington, who is addIrwk ing- a large room approximately G5 by 75 feet. ing to the se ,·eral lmndJ•eu hoolq;_he has a h~ead~' sent Wh eth er this will be the limit of expansion is ha rd to by makmg ·another shipment. C.omraue Dr. .\. J. SteYens nf JJos Angeles, Harry Thomas of Llano and say at this time. At one end of the hall will be the stage from which others haYe a1~o .made donat ions to the library . \\'ill lie given dramatics and other entertainments. lts 'l'he books give a wide choice of r eading and they location will not interfe re with the r egula1· Saturday are much appreciated by the r~sidents of Llano. 'l'h e ni ght dances. As time goes by these hops are becom- libra ry · is well ·patronized and much matter of the ing more popular for the r eason that a dancing class so-cp.lled heavier nature is in demand. Books on under the direction of Mrs. Williams and Comrade A. psychology and ethics are r eally f>Opular. Fiction, A. Stewart has heen started. 'l'h e initial number sign- howt>Yl'I', con ti:Ut~es to have a heavy call and at all ing was 77. 'fhe ages hours 1·eaders will he ran ged fr om 6 to 60. On found pouring over magaThursd11y eyenings good zines, hool<s and newspaf'rrli ng and enthusiasm pt>l'S. In the evening the I'llllS hig·h, fo1· this is t he l i h r a r ~· is completely night of the class. At fill ed "' i t h interested pl'l'SE:> nt the class numbers I'Paders. abo ut 100. Many of th e T_he high school. a fte1· timid ones have screwed so many ,-exatiou. rlela~·s up E:>nou gh courage to wi ll surely. be started ] pa m to dance, so that it within a few day. Ht most. Between '19 and 25 is s~ti'E' to predict that within sixty days there pupils will be Pnrolled will he hut few people in and p!'Olll'l hl,v hy thc> time th E> colony that \\;ill not be thc> Sf·hool i.s in a<"tiYE' opable to shalw the " light - <'ration t lw nnmhrr ·will f11 ntastic toe." hr int·rt>a. t>d as !l('wromJohanna, the Colony's Champion Holstein Owing to the distance t> rs an· al'!'i\'ing with son ~ �.. The Western Comrade · :md daughters of high the · permaneQ.t towp.si~e. degree. This work There are thirty-six. will be under C. W. Hunfoundations for the tem. ton, who has had exten· porary brick houses · laid si ,·e experience in teachand work is progressing ing and is a Socialist from rapidly. When houses are the days of Edward Belcompl ted and ready_ for lamy. ~Ir. Hunton has 0 cupan ·y by the older heen active in the great re idents, new members sol'ial moYement for many come· and. occupy the· old .n ·a r·s and for the la:st sev.quarters. ~..,hether in tents t•r·al years had a substanor the hotel. So that- a tial business jn Grants continual d emand is made l'ass, Oregon. Comrade on the building depart-. Some of the Colony's Thoroughbr~d_ ~erks~lres Ilnnton feels that history ment. In a way this is showin g the different so· discouraging, but viewing . .. ial systc>ms (·an hr hettcr taught here than at any other it frciin another · _arrgle it is most encouraging. It plarr· in the countr·,,·. 'l'her e 'lovill be no hindrance to shows -a spirit ·nothing shor~ ·of marvelous to see peot.lt(• gi ,·ing of the true inter·pretation of history. ple willing to mime and 'heip buill this place and live Th ,, :\fontcssori school introduced by the capable in cramp ed quarters and do without mauy of the oldl'rudrnce Stokes Brown is a success, and she is simply time comforts. :Efveryo:ire r ealizes that we 11ave a prin" ' ·cndr elmed with littl r folks who are enthnsiastic cipality in the building and the fact that men and " ' ·cr· their learning liP\\- things and being so happily women used . to }uxur..ies at'e willing to submit to . the •·ntr·rta ined. \Yhil t' (·onditions at the Goodwin place discomforts . of .camp life is .a n e·vidence that it will ;r n • not ideal, cn~ r~·thing possible is heing done to of- come to fruition. r,.,. eYery facility to :\lr·s. Brown to fonvard hrr· very It must not -b e inferred that everyone is suffering important wol'l;:. discomforts for such a statement · would not be true. The elcmeutai·y sehool will soon be compl eted and 'fhere are 600 p eople . in this comint:mity and 90 per · ).!reat satisfaction will prevail. The present quarter·s cent of them are very c'omfortably housed, ' ipd~ed. :rr·e vcr·~· cramped and th e t eachers are laboring under Another building of interest to be erected will be a hig handicap and will doubtless make th e move with one 70 by 24 feet. ln this '\'i•ill he th e laundry, se\\;ingdt•light. Additionnl pupils are entering weekly so room, drying-room, engine and power . r0om .and the thnt nil aYailable spnce will be utilized. Considering creamery. '']'his i.s to he _located .ea~t of the bakery, i he difficulties attendant upon the advent of school which is just finished. · Fires have been lighted under this year, great pt•ogress has been made and the genu- the oven and the colonists ar·e enjoying the usual bakein<> hnrd work gone through is appreciated by eYery- shop delicacies. 'l'h e fa ct .that breads, pastrie·s, etc., one. arc baked in the bakery r elieves tension in .the kitchen Irwomers are amazed at the ·wr •'< accomplish ed m materially and reflect itself lar·gely in the increased tIre br·icf time- eighteen months of the existence of variety on the menu of the dining-room. the colony. It is unnecessary now to talk nbout the prospects and . things w e · hope to do. So many things have heen ~!ready done the premises of the future m·r pet·fectly patent. l'copl e now can realize t hnt \\'<' intend to build H <·ity. A model city in t' YN'Y w'ly. Pr·essm·e in housing the people lr as k ept back the A Portion or One of the "Hoganlzed" Poultry Yards wor·k of hnildinrr on ~c hool �20 T h e W e s (ern Com r a d ·e The fact that a charge of 25 cents per meal is now made, an innovation, does not deter visitors from coming. The money thus received is used to further improve the cuisine and table necessities. · We are now charging $2 per round trip from' Palmdale to the colony. This money goes a considerable way in keeping up r epairs on ·the automobiles. As soon as we feel that adequate accommodation can be ~ffered to the sojourners, a nightly charge will be made for beds. W e feel that in the above t~o items, people are getting more than· their money's worth and we ha~e ~o conscientious scruples about taking the:money. A lett er re-ceived a few days ago asks: ''How do you run your Socialistic colony 1" For t]H, hrnefit of that inquirer, who ' doubtless will srr th is in Th e Comrade, we would like to say t hat this is not a "Socialist colony" in the trur accep tation of t hat word, as understood gen. erally by Socialists. This is a business concern , a live, solvent business in. stitution. If one wanted to actually defin e condi-. tions here it mig~t be t ermed communism , or closely allied thereto, and not Socialism, bJ.·oadly spealdng. 'So c i a I ism means each according to his deeds, while commun. ism is interp1·eted to Dilly Young Riding mean: each according to his needs. Th e Llano del Rio Compan); is organized 11nd exist ing und('r t he laws of the State of Califo rnia. A ho11rd of directors stands between the stockholders and the Statr. They are responsible fo r the company . Th e difference between this compm1y and th e Sonthem Pacifi c or any other romp11ny, is t hat the working members, who must be stockholders, r eceive the profits of the concern. Th e profi ts will not go to non-resident tockholders, but to the w01·king memhers only. The quPstion '' hein g shorn of on e's liberty '' and " household goods being confisc:1 ted" ought to be cle111'ed up. Fullest liberty exists within the colony . Every man, who has an idea, is invited to giYe it. The t est of au id ea or theory is its workability. If t wo theories oppose in some particular occasion, as has occurred, an experiment settled .the questipn. One is not compelled to wear any particular brand of elothing and none need lose his indentity, as·has -been suggest•·d. Service is the only thing that counts in this colony. This has been frequently said, but for the benefit of the friendly inquiry, it must be reiterated. Household goods and personal property certainly belong to·. the individual. ·This is one of the cardinal tenets of' Socialism. Private property to be privately owried apd .public property privately owned to 'be pub. licly used. Su'ch a statemeD,t about goods being con. fiscated is prep:osterous. It is amusing to note the ideas that some people have of the colony. They cannot believe that this is not an Utopia, I caria, a City of the Sun, or some equal. ly phantastic proposition. No, we ar e grounded on economics and ·belien that when we shall ~ave solwd t he three ·eJe. mentals-food, clothing a nd sh t>lter, our ethics, morals. and intellectual slants w ill follow. It is true that we a re the re. sult ·a£ our dige.' tion 'and the p op)e as a whole r epresent one Yast digest cent er. The Chinese, 10;000 yPa rs ago, wor·ked this th eon • out pretty clea1·ly. It still holds good. \Ye traYel "on our stoma r hs." and if the man is fed, clothed and Herd on the Llano shrltPred, he ·s a .pretty amiahiP sort of thing. As to the method of runnin g t he ranch, it can be brietiy stated that a board of managers, eomposed of th e super· int<•JH] ('nt, managers and fo remen of the ,·arious dep11rt· ments, are cognizant of all the details of the place. To thp number of twenty.five or· thirty, they seat them· selves each night at 7 o'clock around the long tahle and tf!lk of the things done 11 nd the thin gs to be done on the morrow. Teams are reeeived and placed, ma· ehinery of various sorts is shifted f rom place to place and men as 11eeded at various places are assigned so that the hig book has a drtailed account of the lay-out for the next day's business. The meet in g is bot a parliamentary body, by :wy mr11ns. Xo mot ions are made 11nd no disputes arise as (Contin ued on Page 25) �Th e Western Comrade 21 Ho\V We Liv at Llano A \\"O~IA~ ronespondent located in the n orthern It often is hard for intending members to ·l ay i.ri a part of the State writes asking what ·to bring to large supply of things accustomed to, yet if due thought th•· t·olony in Ol'der to be comfortable in the hou e is given this subject a good deal of deprivation will ;HJd the · kind and quality ·of clothing, 'the method of be. averted. Incidentally this m ethod will save the nwrketing, etc. ....... colony as a whol~ considerable mopey. : hoes are a ptime necessity. 'l'he character of earth It may be interesting to .those contemplating joini n~ 11s ultimately, to elaborate on thi~ phase a little so her:e i said ' to be .hard on shoes. About this there is.· that the women will haYe a more comprehensive i<J_ea som ..doubt. · Any place ~vhere sidewalks are not in . . . . . . of 1r hat women do and how they live. 'l'he men that eviden e hoe leather. goes Yery r apidly. · It is ug.·onH· to the t.-olon~· are " ·ell informed as to what they gested that th·e housewife supply herself and · children do nnd how they will pass their time, but the women well with sufftcient good, substantial footgear, to last folk s arc simply left to shift for themselves. a r easonable l~mgth of time. While it is ali right for In the first plaer. bring with you -everything that a person to get and ·d'ema')ld commissary supplies the ,·on IHn·e been ae<'ustomed to using about the house. ~oment of ar~ival,· after having a working contract ·!J,,,,· t g-i1·c a1n1~· wa~hboards, tubs, oil stoves, cots, an<:l' t' ntranee fe.e paid, yet it seems like an imposition !!'riddiPs, stoYc pipe and th e like. Many women make upon tb'osc w~o are already liere for a long tim!). This th ·· !!listake. wht' ll ahout to embark on the unlm0\\'11 matter: is rather .delicate to. explain, so consider it best. "'" o( Llano, whieh to some i:s a tragedy of apprehen- to do the best you can for yourself, and by o doing ,jon. of leaYing lwhind with some good friend, or actu- ~ron will protect o,thers. . The ·que tion as· to how t he women folks d1·e in ally g·i1·ing amr.v somr honsdwld necessity that would Llano ca n be. s imply answrrcd by saying practic.a lly in J,. lri~hly prizPd h r rr. llo11't forgrt the l·ooksto1·r. \\'ood is used Hhuost . the same ' mauner· tlrat o'ne Jives at home. Fan y ,.,,.JI!s in·l~·· 1f yo11r stoYc is a coal burner it will hum l'lothes, to be.sure, are not neede'd to any great extent, lrn<lli satisfactori ly. A gas stove will not he of much although on many occasions good and expensive cloth. '<'rri,.,. at JH'l'Sf'llt. 'l' hr pr·rsent is what we ar·e liYing in . ing is arid can he. 1~orn. l\1iddie blouses a.nd kirts aJ'e popular and other· ·simple t hings of that sor·t. The ~ l ost l'am ili rs want to l!et st>ttlrd as soon as possible and 11othing- takPs the plal·P of th e old family stove. writt>r is not up on clothes parlance, h ence he cannot It- J>l'f'S('llf•(• in tht' (•OI' ne r· a tc•nt or house brings frel- giYc the proper namt-s .. Khaki is not worn as much as ~rou would imagine. Whipcord skirts are ocea, ion ally ill>!~ of hominess. 11"'' woman hronl!ht with hrr sr1·cr·al saeks of ea r·pct srrn, hnt good Sl'rvicrahle house dr·esses l'an be a lways r;r>!s. not knowing what else to do with t hem. Upon used. Come with a good supply of th C'se things on <IITir;rJ hrre shr fonnd th:~t thry could lw madl' into a hand. snhstn ntinl rug. Rhe sent them to T,6s Angelrs and lt is requested that patrons of the store arrange to in " short time sh r had in r etum a lovely r·arpl't rng get supplies but once day. 'rhis is made to k eep lr!ri,·h now coYrrs a floor, greatly enhancing t h r com- down extra and unnecessa.r·y hool<keepin·g. 'l'he fami ly fort and looks of an otherwise plain trnt. semh7' the children to th e store as in any place, and the \\'hilr we makr rnhinet stuff in thr rolony all th e goods ordered are earriPd home and a charge made tirll!·. the work is pressing nnd locaJ ordc1·s r:~ nnot against the cr edit of the colonist. In tbi. connection it nln-:1.1'S he l\ept np. So it is advisable to hring yom is well to su~est that yo u r.ome with market baskets. <·uphoa l'(ls, );itrhen r11hinets and kitr hcn tablrs and · Oecasionally~'e run out of them and th e distance from the sour·ce of supply precludes the possibility of a rrrr.vt hing that ilpprJ·tains t o the kitchen. Thr comm issary is nsual ly well supplied with the qui cl\ replenishment. A~ to chargi ng, the colony doe lli'•·Pssities and much of the time carryin g so-called not make a profit from goods sold to colonists. The luxn riPs, yet it is PX p Piiient a nd advisable to bring with prires are figured as nearly to cost as possible ~ild the yo<1 :~s much food stnffs as you conveniently can. B;v amount of the things supplied is charged to the account so doing, you will not he eomprll cd to go without your of the working memher. thus obviating the n ecessity pn1·t icnlar favori t e thing that you have been accustomed of using money. Evr ry working member who has a to. Some families come to us so well supplied with eontra c·t grts $4 per day so there is usually .ample tn11ned goods and other table foods that for months credit to take car e of a ll. purchases. What. is your sorial lif<> ? \ \[e liv<> j ust the same tl11-:-· make but few demands on the commissary except for butter and milk. (Continued on Page 25) " of a �22 T h e W ·e s t e r n C iJ m r a d e Learn Living a-n d ~oving. J3y PRUDENCE STOKES· BROWN T HE :\Jontcssori School .at Llano is esta?lished. hor e and wagon off to the wa h for sand. They . ift , I Forty-ti\'1• Phildren ranging from 3 to 6 gather and sacked sand as heartily as they played basketba Ht the hott·J fi\·c mornings in the Week aDd are taken We wftnted swings ; and the ymmg ruan herding cow' in autos to the Goodwin , ranch. The beautiful old a nearby pasture left the · cattle grazing in the af plac·e with its c·ottonwood trees, its flowing brook> 'and talfa .a:n d i.n a few uiomel)ts had constructe<i bars an old ranc·h houst>, 110w sct·ves as the "child.ren S.:.house;" 'put up swings..· When time for two little tots to thP " ('asa Di Ramhini," the " kindEfrgarten" or child hon:~e, ~·ho :live in an opposite direction from the r . gardPn--Pithf't' of' thPse nnmes will do. The facts· are · the., gallant "cowboy " takes them home on his ho ' what i::tc·n·st tlr•· dJildren , and thf'."fathers a·n d moth-· ''th en cleaping up, not only the . anita ry c. om mission · I'I'S or Llano. at hand, but :w omen of culture and refinement; wome llc·n· tftP l'ir ildn·n pt·ae'tic·P '' li1·ing and loYing " . ,~· lio- !wow just exactly how to clean .huuse-Pw from 11inf' o,'c·lcu·l: in the mol'ning until !'out· o'clock in £hough they have been ]mown in England as militan the· af't Pr·noorr. Here they find a home that itwites suffragists and hal'~ g'Ollf' to jniJ upholding tltri ot·dt'rly. ltPtil'l' and r·ationa l ~hinking. H ere is a ya.rd, ·pri.ncipl es. ~wings and tt'HJW ZP; a largt•, WE'll fill ed sand tabl f' of Fot the noori lunc-h the call goes forth · for niilk ·pnit'nt hc' ight, llltd sand box on the ground ; water- and ga,llon&, not quarts, nt·e deli1·ered at our door. \\'( Ill,.., pots and gardPn tools, and thE'·delight of watet· in_ prefer to·.make the· sandwiches and salads at th.e scb . ahundanc·t• fiowing ovf'r stont•s and pebbles; a heauti- instead of having each ehild bring hi!\ own, and a com. l'ul , good nnturPd ~pit z dog; a kindly old mother cat . rnittee of women take this mnttet· in J1and and bot with :r ll'l·ll hl'hal'l'd kittPn; a fpw good old· mother fruit and salads come .f t·om th e liotel and store. hl'ns and birds that •·omP and go ns ·they choose. Co-opet·atiO'n spells success, nnd Llnno 's Monte son drinking from thP stream and Pating the crumbs th e . School is h eading str~igi.Jt for that poiut. I doubt c t·hildt'<'n SII'Pl'Jl from thf' tnhif's nnd floor· after the noon- th er e is in. the state of Califoriiia a )fonhissorl SchOO! tlay meal. promising a~ much life and liberty t_o ehildhood as th Th e house is . not tlw pennancut Jlontessori school one now establishe'd at Llano. building, but a comfortable old ranch house with floor· The inte.t'est t hat is heing showr-\ hy parents an Rpaee fo r• fifty ehi ldren ; a dining room that has been otlwrs who 1\·er·e at fit·st rlaub'tful nhout th e pt·acticabiiJ fitted with tables to scat them; cupboat·ds suitable to . .ity of the Montessori . school is most encouragiJ1g' the size 'of the childr·en, and the number· of dishes they Nearly every member of the eommunity is rendy t6 r equir·e; low sinks for washing these dishes-and I contribute his or her effort to a~sist 111 our wor must not forget to say that our tables and cupboar·ds. It is inspiring.to receive this assistance. at·e made in Unno 's own carpenter shop by men who Doetor Maria l\T ontessOJ·i is giYing a course of twelr know just how to plan and construct in the most con- leetures in San Francisco. The object is to give tb venient m~d efficient mann er. l mention this because I puhlie nn opportunity to hear from the founder of th'• fef'l that the l'f'ry presence of fumiture made at home tH'W sciencf' of p edagogy thr fundam ental principl; Sf'rves to draw out from those using it a feeling of of th e ~ethod, nnd also to gil'e the parent a betf r E'sprcl nnd admiration. undet·standing of the child nnd his n eeds. Thl'I'P nt'P couches on which the childt·en r est ami The subjects are as follows : " Discipline in Lit! sleep ; n kitchen with all necessary appointments-and C'hild t·f'n "; " ExE' t·eis~s of P1·actical Life"· "T hl't'e in this hous(' of child hood, after only one month, Poundatio·n of ·Auto Edu('at ion "; " Intellectual Wort lhl' (·hildt·t-n at·e adapting themsfllves as naturally to nnd :\fpntal Hygiene": "The Intelligen~e"; "Tbf tltt>se home eonditions, aud the liberty of using them, lmagina tion of the ('h ild " ; " The Foundation of the :IS · w(' t•ould expet·t. ~!'hat is snying a great deal, but Tma!!inntion ''; " Th e EdnPation of the 'Will": " )ioral wr expect wondet·S- 11'1' who study Dr.' MontE'ssori 's Edut•atiol'l." nnd "Tlw SMial Respon ibility o£ lbr Sl'i(•ntific pedagogy. \T otht' l'." Tht> last two lt•!'tures will ht> a prest.> n tation A wor·d for· co-opet·ation. of' tht• mntt>rial used in thP )fontessori schools . ln Llano Pl:('t'yhod:v eo-oper·ntes to make conditions •T. Stitt Wilson, his wife and daughter. t ook tbt fo t· ehildren. When wc wanted sand only a wo1;d went Thit·(l Tnt f' rnntionnl 'l'rn'ining ('our t> for tE'acher~. and forth and wt• hnd a half dozen hoys and girls with g-r~(luai Pd from Rnn Frntwi~t·o last .August. i4 �23 . T h e W e s t e r n .comrade · Success By ERNEST WOOSTER I ·ays I~ , cllclier lid It' apitolisl 0\1' 01'!' I This ole!' world of ours is so funny the Powers that made it mu 't chortle ,,·ith glt'C · ·From th,• day we at·e born to the toot of the hom, · cvct·ything is but Untl's just dec l·ee. Th,·n· ·~ a reason ohscut·c, but a good ont>. lw sure, for pon~ rty, suff't·ing -and sitl: . \nd it ·s sancd- don 't · doubt, or att .. tnpt tn find out how we got in t h·· fix ll'l! <tl'e iu." .\II hlnndh• ,,-,..:re tohl th11t it's no ust· to. st·old- lmt gil'e thanks to till' Lt)l'(! in th e skyTrllsl to him our atl'airs. faithfully knt·t· l at our prayrt·s- w c will get n11r t'<'ll·a rd when we di!'. Tlwtq.dt industrially rohht•d an (l judi.. ially .iohlH•d from thP t·t·adh• <' lear tltnnq:dt to the grave, .\nd '"ith brain and with lmtll' n WP lttllst toil till lifp's gont• i11 an tlllrrllitl'lll efl'ort to SHI't'.Yt•l ,,.,. rttllsn't <·otnplain ( that's the pn·al'ht•t: ·s rl'l'ntin ) hut all nter.kly !J,. lo,\'Jy and I!Ood' .. n,. 1'1'111-!HI ~ Don't SIYl'nd !'' fiuatH·i e t·s l'l'I'O llllllt'IHI .( wh at. \\'OU]d happen to 11s if' 1n~ s hould ?) Th,•re 's a world of ad l'it·c to hr had 11·ithn11t pt·irr, and it elaims wr ean a II 14l'l ahead; !-'ays th<•t'<' 's n o r easo n why w r sltotdd l'nil if' "''' try and givp lwrd to t ht• things thM at·r said: Thel't' an• ways. IH' assurPd, that the ,-oi n ,-nn he hll't•tl, proven ways that II' I' ntust not dt·spisPAnd the fLrst Oil<', th o ug h old (to bel iPI'P Hs II'(' 'n' told ) is to t·Hrrt'nll~' !'('OilOITiiZt'. lr W<' 'd do wit·hont pi10JH's, cat no JllOI'I' i<·!' t· n·am t•OIIPs, and f'orgl't nl·l nhout union rules: \\' t• t't.• t'Ontt> nt " ·it h our lot, g lad to l!<'t what II' C' ' yp got, and '.\'onl d sPII a II on r diamonds and jrwels; I r "'" (litln 't d1·ink hoo:r.e, and we wore t· ltt•;qwt· shors. Hnrl r hr 11·rd no tohHI'<'O 01' gum ; Dro1·i· no a ut omohil rs, and consnmrd t·hPilJl'''' mrals- w e surely coulrl sill'<' quitr a sum. Thesl' optimist. state it's not hat·d to h<'Ht F11te: thrrr's n way if thPrr's o nl.v a will ; o it wouldn t be hard, if we plowed t h back yard, to cut down the veg table ~ill. ·we. could;_ sell . wbat we grow, pay the And bills 'that .,,. owe, and li'Ve better Be thltll 'w li e now: Rich 1f01:· t he nm.d : wilr increase if \\;e. buy us some . gee. ·e, ~ln({ a pig and some he n anil· a cow . 'I'hrn i·he bank account grows when w e ·hny i10 'TIP\\' clothes, but w ea r out . the old· ones inst Hd; \VpaJ' tht' pfi.,nts last year with a · . patc h.i_n the r Gat", and spend all our !'\'Pilings iu bed; i)<rit 't iiwrit· th e expense that th e ~' movie" presents, but go to ti!JY prra!llling; tltHt'·s free,-, Hi1t .von ltct Wt' Won 't w11it till tiH'Y pi!;;s_ J'·otptd t·hc plate-we'll save some• mot'l' money, -yon seE' ) Yt•s. WI O:r\' told thrrr ;s ~~- ehance, for a·!I who wear pants, to in time hetom e presidf'nt, · Ot· a ~mng millionflire. if wit·h thriftiHc·ss rarr IH' tling lil<e a lt'Pth to t•at·h <'Pnt, · . And lmt wisply invrst in th e mHnner 1hat ·s h<•st~our fortunes will soou lw Sl't'Ure: '\'d. it St't'lllS pm;sing Sti'IUlf!t' that (lOQI' J'o]l\f; nPI'PI' l'hangr, hut alwnys · <·OIItinne so poor. . "· :can of Y••s. ll' t• playN1 at yont· ga m e, hut th e w Palth twve r eamr, so wr thin]; your advit·e is a. sl!ll'l'hongh in <·hnrch you may pray, yet wt• 'II all sta y away, ta];e clt nnres on go ing to llell. We· han~ a nrw plan, a nd we'll get c·n'ry man, ·each h elievet· in justit· c· and right, For . th<• So<·iHiist sr·h emf' is now mot·e than n drea m- it. has grown to he f't•fll OV<'l' night . . Yorr mny li r, .stenl ·and sh irk, you may live without wr.rk , wh er r Profit is sti 11 to h e beat, Hut thonglt it RrPrns querr, you r annot do .i f hr1·r- you must work here ot· else you don ' t eat. Yrt if you do .vom· sharP. and you · do what is fair, you ' II pt·osp<•J' Hlong ll' it h the rest, . Ro k eep your advic·e, wr ' \' e all paid t h e prire, and wr ]{Jlo\1' thHt ou r wa~· rs thf' ~est. But \Ve We11t to Llm1o �T' e es er . Co c ·a pitalism 1" Ju HE follow1ng I.e an estraet from. Ute court records iu t he trial o tton with the destmction ot the Lo Angeles Times in 1!U The p t he building wu destTOJ'ed by dynamite. Tbe defense contends that it w In the selection of the JUTY. Ca.pi~lism's - ~ Juror I'HOli ( 'harlt-ts Hughes, A RETIRED A.PITAL T, R J ollll . fll'ing ~xami ru:J, testified in part as follow : . anun t tifid a f llw: Q:Ue tiori : Hav 'you v ·r· f rmed m Qw•tstion: ,\ud the defendant wo~ld have lo pibve t o th ·an e of :tlf di t r ! · it to you '! . · Ans,~ r: W ell· wlla I know about it and wh· Auts"···r: I tit ink he would, yes sir. (~t ii'Kt iou : ,\ud do you start :fu the trial with· I beard about it I tlr u~ht a t th e titu it wn hy ga e.rplo i h. tit•· firm, JIIJKili n· <.'ouvi<:tion that this building wa dt·l!l f'IJ,vf'd t..v dy namite with intent to take human Que ·tion: Tnat i th wn our )niud i n w f An w· : '!'hat i th wny 1 hnd it. ' I i f'•· ! Qu. ti'on: .You think tlr Otn" of y Ul' in rorm AuswP r·: Yessir. • • • • • • • tiqn on' that coll\•inc• you thnt it wn a <iur•st ion: Y!'8, and if the defendant wanted to · Ans\'v·er: I hought o all th tim ,· unJ oHiuhlish to your satisfaction that it was done with always con.teud d that that wa whut i wu . gtu; w·eidentally, Ire would have to introduce some 11 ft rill\ Question : .All yor1 ha \' r ad and h ar · you in th'at view 7 JII'Oof, wouldn 't he? AtiSWP I': J[ that is a necessary cl ement in th e case, · . Apswer: Yes sir. Question: You still b li v it·' h<' would ha vc to do that. (~uP s tion: 'J'hf'n if t he District Attorney , in the Al1swer: I still brlicv it, to a r rtain L nt. I JH't•s•· r•f' n t ion of his case against the defendant, did not <·oulcln 't belir\'l' anything , I ; wn stf't anything I t'I:IIIO\'t• from your mi.11d the heli ef, which is now there, pr·oyen to. me. l e uldn 't b li \'<' 1111ytlting el . thu t it \\'llS don ' hy means of dynamite, you would not l\rr. Keyes: What is that ausw ,. ( llSW r r<' d.l ,.,., pdr·p 11n,v proo[ on that question from the people, :\Jr. H animan : You thi.nk that 9pinion is 0 firmly fixt' d in your· ·mi11d thnt you would h unabl 10 s t would yun 1 Answ1•r· : T would lw iru.:linr d to hclieYe that the it aside f .\nswer· ; Wrll , it would lu1vr t o he pt·o.Vt' n otlwt•wi huildin g was destroyed hy dynamite. (~n rs t ion: Now, you understand that is the posiQuestion: l<"'r·orn· what you hav lm wn- ft• m whftt t ion o[ th e Distr·ict Attorney 1 :von have hearcl- hefor·e you c~m. to this courtr·oom1 AnswPt': Yes sir. wh at you havr rf'ad in th C' 1 a1 <'1'8, yott sny you f 1 that (~twstion: , And upon that point. you would not r e- :vour. opinion that t he lmilding was hlown up by gt , · to diJ. ptir·p nny pr·oof fr·om the District Attornry, would ~· on ? so fir·mly fixed that it wonld r rqnir<' evid n n, w r: No. lodge that opinion ? Answer: Y rs sir. • • • • • • • (~ul'stion: 'l'hrn yon go into the t rial of this case Question : So :v·on fef'l now th nt this dr f nrl uot ' innocent ? with J'OUl' mind mad up upon that question ? Answer: Yes sir. Ar'tSW' l' : Ye , ir·. • • • • • • • Question: And f'Onlrl not pOHHihly lw guilty f '1:\1<' tion: 'Well you say ~·ou would giY<' h uu a that offense until th e opinion in your mind tl1at if w rnir· nnd impnrtinl triaL 'l'hnt tatC'ment i also coupled blown up.by gas, is dislodged and another stah1ifdted with th<' me.ntal rc ervation that you !ian t bi ~ opinion An \\'er: Yes sir. whh•h would affect your judament ! Que. tion : 'rh y would hav to p rovl' hit~ An wer: To a certain extent. ye ir. hevond a r Pa onable doubt! ·An wer : Ye sir. • • • • • • • m•. tion: You wouldn t bt.> at i fit.'d. would yon. QupstiQn: 'Ry establishing thP fart hat tba b ~(r. Hn~h . t o t nk tha a fact, that the Times ina was blown up by dynamite, and that b . lttul ' buihlin~ wa d troyed by dynamite, from what you thing to do with it. b for t> you t>ould find him guiJ 1 1'\'ad in tlre ne papers in regard t o the guilt or inAnswer : Y ir. 1\()('Nll.'t> of tb · d endan t Question : Thi. opinion that you bav , " n. wer : \\..t.>Jl, I.'ODDM-ti:og he deft.>ndant with it. blown np by gas. wonld J!O with you into t if tlh~ p l.'ution did t h t. I should take that par of if ¥011 were chosen. would itf ·Answer: Yes sir. it -~ ~ t lt'd. T THE ABOVE .JL'llOR. A DAY IJAOOR"' • C'IL\.LLE. -GED BY THE M'ATE F Jt JI.AVJ"*G .l PIXED OPThiON THAT IT W'AS G Ol1rf, SUST~ THE CHAI.LEXGE, J J; �The Western Comrade Industrial Activity Inspiring (Continued from Page 20) tht>_,. are contemplating things and dt>~l ing with facts. There is no ehan re for a difference of opinion to HisP. as some man around that table. ,rill he found who is thoroug}lly familiar with every question that aris•·s. and can explain it. This body makes no rules, for nJI,•s will not run ·a ranch . Conditions govern, and efforts toward HH'f't ing conditions are soon dett•nuincd upon. · ThP re is no sPmhlanee between this hody and the Socialist local, as \\'as suggested . The differ ence is tlwt th e one is dr aling with mat.. rin l. r onr rct e th ing-s and the ether ts ha ndling ahstradions. li•·H I knoll'l edgr r an he gleaned ~·rotll <"losr att endanre on th ese m•···t ings. Visitors Rrr r cqnr sted to :ttli' 11d mr rtings of this board and loy so doing a clearr t· idea of how a sw•·rssfnl businrss is run. .A millioHni rr r eerntlv snt in th e session <tlltl ;t fterward · rPmarl<rd tlwt he did not see how a hnsinrss of this IIH TIII't' 1'0\llil not Slle('eed wh en SO PEARSON'S many men knew how to run it. is the only Magazine Halloween was a gala night in of its kind Llano and a masquerade was held. Good times are always in h,appy This is why:- · anticipation, not on!l for local Three .years ago Pearson's decided to celebrations but for the greater and be a free magazine. · . more P!!rmanent happiness in the not distant future. . ·T his·is what it did:The annual meeting of the Llano . ABANDONED. FANCY C(;)VERS . del Rio Company proved most in.CUT··OUT ·COLORED PICTURES teresting and the financial report _. ,ADOPTED PLAIN PAPER of Secretary Gentry P . M:cCo'r kle was r eceived with profound satis- · .T his .wa$ the purpose:fR edon. Aside from the incidental A plain form· would enable the magexcitement of the election the meetazine to live on its income from subing was d evoid of important inciscriptjons and monthly sales. It d rnts. The following wer e elect ed would not-have to consider the effect dirrctors: Job Harriman, D. J . . on. advertisers when it wanted to print Wilson, W. A. Engle, Frank · E . the' truth about any public question. Wolfe, G.' P. McCorkle, A. F . Snell, This was. the result:0. W. Luton, G. E. Etherton and .J . •T. Leslir. Of these the first srvr n Pearson's nowpriqts the truth about wer e r c-elrct ed.' In the organiza- . . som~ question which affects your weltion meeting that foll owed, Joh fare in e-.;:ery issue. It prints [acts TTnniman wns elect ed President; D. which no magazine that de,J. Wilson. Vice-President, G. P. l\frpends on advertising could Cor·ldr, Srcr ctary, and Frank E . "afford·· to print. \Yol fe, Tt·easnrer. How We Live at Llano ( Continu ed ' rrom Page 21) h.. t··· as yon do in yom· own pla ces. \\',. have gt·oups of ft·iends visit us : \I' P Yisit. thc·m . \\' e ha,•e lately fot·tn Pd a card club and go to a tli fl,·n·nt. home each week ; play •·at·ds for nn hour and a half and tho·n have some refreshments. consist i.n~ of two things- for instance, ..ofl t•(' and cake, pie and coffee, nuts and raisins, candy and nnts and auy othrr romhinations that can be sern d that will number two. Befort• th e cluh was arranged this matt 1•r was agreed upon. ThPn we 1have dances on Saturday r venings. At this function we dr1·ss up in our best and somehow 01· ot hct· we don't feel a bit emhal'l'assecl. A g-eneral good time is always had. We r enew our acrpwi ntaneeship with one another nnd altogether we are exceedingly fri•· ndly and go home with a feelin~ that an evening has heen well sp•·n t. At th e dance, usually, \ye ha1p a good orchestra, composed of ,·iolin, cornet and piano. 25 Many women worry over the qnrstion whether th ey will be ahle to haYe th eir laundry done as in th e r·ities. This can be answer ed by saying that our laundry fa cilities arc not strictly up to date, hnt we have a r egular laundry outfit, but it is not as yet set up, hut will soon he installed and all ldnds of work will he done and done promptly. At th e present time a very effi cient laundry servi.c e is in vogue and regular family washing is done on stated days. The hotel laundry is a regular thing and the single men have to be looked after in this r egard. So far th ~ re has been very littl e complaint on this score and no newcomer need worry particularly ahout this phase of colony life. However , it is well to bring your own washtuhs. hail ers, washboards and such, so that you can do your own laundry. Ther e have been many who left these necessary things behind, bnt on arri ving here And, with all this, Pearsons still prints as much 'fiction and entertainment articles as other magazines. If you want plain facts instead of pretty pictures bu)r a copy on the news stand for 15 cents, or sub~cribe by the year for $1.50. By special arrangement with Pearson's we are able to make you the following clubbing offer. You can •get botho PEARSON' S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN COMRADE for one year by sending $1 .50 (the price of Pearson's alone) to The Western Comrade 923 HIGGINS BLDG. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. WILL TRADE F:qulty in Co- opera tive servt>d. My st>Pdl <>ss soli, <!itc h , 62 'h 2r, ncres for your Lla no s h a res. First com e firs t land Is choice Thompson firs t wate r rig ht, c hurc h cents pe r acre: Sma ll h ou Re. hnrn. w ell, f en ced , a n d t en acres in T hompMon sePdless grapes. H. T . CLARK, Mail Carrier Kerman, California �26 The Western The American Socialist Official Organ of the Socialis.t Party of America. The American Socialist speaks with authority. ·It is a powerful news and propaga~da weekly and is the only paper in ' the United States · which gives an account of the official business of the.Socialist Party. Every Socialist. Every Student of Socialism should be a subscriber. Subscription Price . SO •cents a year. Th e American Socialist anu The Western Comrade can be had 'i n combination for one year by sending $1.25 to Com rad~ fo und their mistake. )!any time 1'hese meals are indeed· ub tantia one wish s to wash some article · and <>ood and · ther e i >~ery littl t hat would be troublesome to have compla int on this score. done in the laundry. . W e hope that thes• -domt- f ' 'Phe hom shave lJccu so m·ranaed thiu<ts are omewh.at · deared an t hat domestic ditches run clo e to would he glad to pla~e our ehe a them, so that the water que t ion th eni e of anyone '~i ltin n ever bothe r· .anyone. ) '{ any r i- furtJ1er information ovedook d o dents hav water barrel , which forgotten. . · they liT! o casionally, .and ;otller·s Upon your ·arTiva lliet·e much ,i·il u sc bags and buckets . .trh is matter depend on yoin· fo rmer exp eriene is simply a qu e{>tio1J of' ' hoi ce". • For and . ou r· own strength of• char hot water at home on :wa. h · days, acter. Sohtetimes the tendel"foo a few ·minUte · 'wi'll suffice to cori- f'r·om the · Ea t be.a r·s the inconren. struct a tempo rary outdo~r \vash ·: ien ce incidental to the ·pioneerin fi r·e whic h can:• b e . inade . between hettet• than those who think ther walls of brick; and wafe r· h eated h ave r·on ghc l it ii:r th e W et. . there. This can he done when tile 'To some small m ishap ar·e PX1ig: stove is not in worki'ng EH·d er·. · · g,r r·ated into misfortunes :md aeeiFamilies oh nrr·i ving hrrr, ·that d r nts of minor· character · h Pcome ar·r not aceompanied . hy· their ca lamitil•s. :Jfany w ho w e r e iucon. hous<'hold good , uspally ' go to t he n;nie n(·l•d hy la ck of housing a few ho t <'l, wh e r·e rn et11s a Pl' srr·\·ed at · wet>ks ag-o a l'l' uow snngl~r est ah. (i ::!0 a.m ., 12 noon mrd at :i ::30 p .m. lis hPd for tlu• winte r.-H. K \\'. • THE WESTERN COMRADE 924 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. " Th e Grea t Work i n g Cl ass D ally" THE MILWAUKEE LEADER . 0 Unawed by Influence a nd Unbribed by Ga i n " Edll.o1·- Yi etor L . l :H~Pr. .\ t-; 1-ti~tnn t ~ -.Tam .:! s l lowf", .1\ . 1\-1. S i mflfl~. (l~more SIT•Ith, Thtnnns S. Andi \" W~. r . ~r'll f• .•~ All e r I~ puhl i sh ert ~~ ro n~h o ld of RoclaJism. ;~ rf'alt"s t \ •'tH I hl. mil~·. in Amer!f"ll'S It is the Eng-liSh Sncialts.t T>nilv in the 1 t i~ n ~t odC'rn 1\ifPtr'opolitan cnntnlning- lhP JatPs t n f"'i\'S, Am r• ll~ Its d tstin c tive f ea turPs nre: SOCIALIST NEWS PAGE, LA · BOR "'EWS PAGE, SPORTING P .'>.GE, MAGAZINE SECTION , WOMAN'S PAGE, EDITORIAL PA GE. 1'11e nl'iCP of The Leade1· Js 25c per !unnth: $3.00 pl"r yE-ar·. C"omblna lio n offer with The WESTERN COMRADE Both for prl<'e of the one YPR r for ~3. 00 ( the Mllwnukee Leader alone). Address: Circulation Department 923 HigginS Bldg., Los Angeles, Calif. lll By J0 H l\ Sight ;\I . W 0 R 1.: JN a pr·rvions article l ·pointed into lwlieYing that our troubles art ou t that it is one of on r great o,.,.,.. ·no not grt the idea that the tasks to hi·eak do wn a nd d ('stJ:oy path fror n lt e r·e to th P co-operattre t ht• ''l·on omi<· eonser vat ism in the eon.tmonwt•alth i a smooth and milllls of t lw IH'oph' , so that t he ir gt•n.tl1• in r lirw. rninds will hPeomc· rip<' for· So, I f you do, you will .And yom""eif t·i;.disrn . lt•rTihh' mista ken . \\' r an• d oing it ,·e r·y fast. 011 th e t·ontn1ryj t h Pr·e are moun· J" th e past t en y ear·s "~e have . tains t o r· lim h, l'l iffs to scale, jun· ht><'ll a hl t' to scr tliis (•ou srrvat ism, gl<'s to iw n etr·ah~, ri wr·s to ford, this JH'e.i ndi <·e against Roc•ial ism, a nd wild beasts to oYer·eome, before g ra duall.v disappL•a r· lwfo r·r our the ![Oa l <·nn Ia• r rn dt r d . • \\' 1' shn ll seP plenty of r eYcr •·yes . We ha n · d <'stroveu at lt>ast half hl'l'or·p ou r finaJ. Yictory. .\ nd whe n t he r e ,·er ses come, tht of it in th ese t<'n 'vt•ar s . 1 do not nr ea n t hat half tire p eople h:we faint-hen rt ed will s neak to 'con r l·ouw to th e point whrn' they vote as usu al a nd lea,·c thr old guard to t h e So<·ialis t ti cket. I ll1 l'fl ll that fight th e battles. at least half t h e p r Pj n<li rr 'has dis. Hut thr old gn:ll·d constantly ina pprar·ed. <·n•asPs in numhrrs. The battle In other· words, th e people of thr will hr fought. All obstnele · will t :uited 8tHtes ha,·r s wun g at least he O\'t•r·<·onw. The goal will be half wHy ovrr to Sociali m in the r·Nrelred. · Th e r·anl\s of the old guard al'f p a~t ten year s. 1n a f ew more years th e r·est of al"·ays open for· r·e(·rnit_s. tlw 1wejndice wil.l disapprar and D on't h r a fair-wcather Sociali . th ey will swing t hr r·cst of thr way. D o n't lw a faint-hrart. Don 't be Tlwn tlw ir· min<ls will hr r-ip e for a r r an'n. Socialism. .Join th e ohl guar·d and make up And we wi ll then h aw Socialism. vour· mind that von will be on the But. do not think t he t ask of flr·ing line in the. thic k of the fight. h:i tt Pr:ing down th e r emainder of at thr timPs that t1·v 'men's soul . whrn thr' enemy is in this p rrjndir~ is going to he easy. as wrll no n ot a llow yom·self to br foolr<l rPtn•nt. as �T k e W e s t e r n ·C o·m r ad e '27 Kidding An Engine liB J,idders' club was having some fun at t lw ex pen e of a olouist who has th e wisdom of 'olomon. One told a storv about ·Sol's'' reeent joumey to Los An, ~ell·s wher e he purchased for $50 a 'wto rg,vclc of the Yintage of '09', and ta rtPd hack to Llano crverland. \ft•·r toiling along with repairs and nr,;t aid applications, "Rol," ac·cord·u!! to the rcl'ital, marle the top of a Inn!! grad<>. '\Yith a sigh of r elie f th•· pilgrim r11ised his ft'ct to a posit ion of efts<• ·whiiP the ancient ami asthm11t il' <>nginc ga re a sigh of n· Ji,·l· and l!!ps<·d into soothing ,ilt•J}l•('. '1\ro miles and th<· <·oast was at an ··ud .. "Sol'' turn<•d on th ¥ g11s, hut tu hts flll1ilZt' llH'IIt thcrr wns no ,.,1111ds of th•· phthisind <·ongh of the wkt- t,,· Pllgint•. Tht•JJ tht• wa~r fareJ' mad•· thC' startling di~w0\'1' 1'~' that t,j, ,·nginl' hatl gotJt' adrift and fallen •'ill of its moorings. "~ol ' ' toilP<l '•a•·k n\'1'1' th r gradt• push in g tht• ma··h int· hrfot·r him. llill'ing thP lt•llin~t ' ·Sol ' ' ,,·or·<· a •llliJ ,. that ht·spokt• t ht· fa..t h<' hail tht· hl'ltr J' of th<> nrgumPnt. .. \\'h;Jt <lid yon do '! " qw·r·.i••tl a liitldt•i'. .. \\'p]J. ·· sa id "Sol' ' with n satis:i··d ,. Jn\(·Jd,•. "] go hHt·k up thr hi!!' pr..t t_,. ma<l . T find th P r nginr aJHl I :in.! sonw haling- wit·•·· I tir hint l.;u·k on mHl shr t·nn all right. Run tinr· down hill. soT ronvinrr n hilldl e ,tiff it's l~t• tt r r to rid P' than walk so I st·ll him for !j;(i;'i anrl hnm a ride to -;..,rhn ll nnd rlltt·h fl (•olony nutrhinr homt•. I only make· fiftr~n dollars h.1· pu~ hing bllt·k up that hill. But I sut·r dirl fp('] foolish wh r n that en-. ~ill .. i'P 11 on t. " ~\11d "Rol's " words ratTil'd l'On,·i..tion llS hr smokrd up 011 a nrw lll'ia nroorl pipr 11ntl tingPrl'd a roll 111' lt·n-rlollllr hills. No Chance " I st'<' \\'ht•n a mau rnus for offi,.,. \,.ha s to pnt himsdf in tht• hc111tls of hi< ~·t·il'ncls. ' ' "Yt·s. mv tll'flr: '' "I t' a \\'OIIlHil ran would :h(• ha1·c h pnt hPrSPif' in tlw hands o[ hr 1· ~-"IIH·n f r·i rnds f ·' " I su ppose so.' .. Wt>ll. 1 don't im11 gint> many om••tt will run. Think of' t11kin g, l<·h t•hllllC'l'S ~·• REVOLT IN MEXICO - Read the Correct Interpretation of Underlying Motives in the Most Remarkable and'.Vabjable Book of the Y~ar The M .exican Peopie-~ Their Strugg'le f~.r Freedom ..-By.. .. L. Gutierrez- de Lara. and Edgcumb. Pinchon ·• : Eugene V. Debs sa.ys : · ". •. . • .It is w~itten from the point of .vi!)w. of the working cla.ss, the tillers of the soil, the producers of . the w~alth, and shows that through an· these centuries <?f toil and tears and blood and martyrdom they have been struggling for ti-le one purpose of emancipating themselves from the tyranny of a heartless aristocracy, buttressed ' on the one hand by the Romari Church and 'o.n the other by ~.he militar~ po'wer." ••• Georgia Kotsch sa.y!l : '' • • • It strips the glamor of hencvolent moti ves from the dealings ~th Mexico of the Unitea States and other countries and presents the stark truth that American and world capitalism has been, and is, in league against the proletariat of Mexico for its own sordid interest. And while the ·Mexican master class is depicted as the most depraved and bloodthirsty in history, the Socialist will see that the story of the l\Iexican proletariat Is in greater or less degree and in varying circumstances the story of the proletariat in every country." ••• Publisbed.by DOUBLEDAY,.PAGE & CO. Price $1.50 We will send you this book and The W est ern Comrade for on.e year fo r $1.7!) �. The Wester.n Comrade 28 THE WESTERN COMRADE N9w and then a Ford joke comes out .so clear and convincing 'that one can see upon the . surface that Entered as second-class matter at the post omce at Los Angeles, Cal. it is founded on facts. The latest 9.24 Higgins Building, Los Angeles, Cal. one of these comes from the Mil. Subscription Price One Dollar a Year waukee Leader : In Clubs of Four Fifty Cents A man applied for a job as a me. Job Harriman, Managing Editor chanic and the owner of the garage Fra nk E. wolfe, Editor · asked him if he b;ad had any ex.. p erience. "Snre tl).ing, " said the = V=o:...:J.= J l==l=--=(=)-r:l""'o=h=e-=r,= = l9 =1=5====N = o=.=6 applicant. "Why, I'm the guy who • u~ed to put' part. No .. 453 on ·an the Better have fa il ed in the high aim as I, f Than vulgarly in th e low aim sncceed . )(' : <· , *· . cars in the Ford actory. '' · . ."H . ow did you . lose ·your J·obt" A G d b th k d J do not s, o e an e ' · A seedy looking individual !lP·· · -Browning. h d th t . f . f . ht he. w-as asked. '1< c~ proac e e cap am ,. 0 .a rel~ "Just a little hard luck, " replied "SIJOOT to kill !" was the order .~ steamer· and doffing his · cap a 'ked tl}e applicant. "I dropped my of th e Chief of 'Police- of Los · . monkey-wrench one day and by the All gP it·s wh t· n a man had killed a time I -stopped to pick it up I was poli<·t· offi t·l' r' wh o had invaded his 16 cars behind. This made the fore. honw . Tht• hu r and cry of a manman mad . He fired m e and then I hunt ,,.,ts or1 . Th t• air· J'rel< ed with got mad and quit the · works. " t ht· s h ri d's !'or vt•ngefl nee. A country t·onstah!P <·nptured th e man and H a il to Comrad e H enri Boura dash <· tl t ht· hoprs of th e city policee(Gtor of LeDevoir ·of Montreal. mt·n wl1o sou~h t tlw <l end -or-a live , The acti ity of this one . live wire rl'\\'a)'() an<l th P hotJ Or of th e hilling. )1as k ep t the French-Canadians of Tht· t·a pturt· did not answct· t he d ethe maritime provinces f rom rush-' nJnntl fo r aetion and blood . ing madly into the war.. His per· 'f~ro boys, a pparently imbued wi t h sistent campaign has resulted in tht• spirit of a·lvPnturc, eharged with some anti-recruiting riots. The 110 misdt'Ptls,. flrtl fr·om two police growt h of 'Socialism in E11stern offit•(• J'S, Eig-ht shots. wer e fir·ed by ,Canada has ' alarmed - the British tiH· offi<·r rs. One hullet pierced both Gove rnm~nt, but th e movement i lads. instantly killing one and fatally p·o werf ul .and attempts "at suppreswountling thr other. . sio.n would he most ill-advi~ed. " ~hoot to kill! " This is a danger XERT AL CRAFT BEWARE! ous ordt•J' to gi\'e to the police. It An indi gnant capitalist of Pasa· Fren chman to the Pope: !'Betmrans mnrdr1·ons 11ssanlts upon the ' den a 'n-ites us to r emove his 11ame ter get out of my way, dear puhli r. , Benedi ct. The captain has given from our c i~cui ation Jist. This acThe pol ir e of Los Angeles arc plllnme stricf orders to fire on all tion h1·ough t an apology to us from ninl! a vigot·ons c11mpaign 11gainst hostile fl ying machines / ' th e hopeful man who -had subL ' Asino the 11n r mployed :mny that flocks to scrihf'd for the magazine in the be· thP ritv everv fall and we soon shall lief we migh t get a glimmer of light han n~orr of the shooting "to kill. " for a joh. 'l'he captain scrutinized into his fo ggy brain. The apology thP applica nt hefo1·e speaking. is misplaced. \Ve were consoled )(! " \\'hat experience have you had by the memory of Diogen es TJaer· S PEAKING of w11r debt. The Wall St1·r r t Journal says "England as 11 sailor, " he grated. tius: '' The sun, too, shines into · " L01· · bless yuh, mate, " came the ef'sspools and i not polluted!' ' pi'OYides for drht. Gl'rmany leaves i'trady 1·esponse, '.' my father ran it to Oocl." \Yr know a 1·ery talentrd, desen ·- ont.• of tlw f11st!'st swan boats in H ere's 11 . n ggestion for the Los ing 1but impoverish ed editor who ( \>n tral Parle " An geles hooste1·s who have p a sed would likr to nrgotiate a l'ei!SOnable the hat t o k eep th e San Diego sidelo11n on th r Gr r·man ba sis. A11 lllinois woman has been sen- show from p1·ematurely closina its t<"nced to 20,000 days in prison f or gat es : Let's get up a little - emi· FJ·mw e is sitting on th e lid, but manufH cturing " dope." If this con- Hnnnfll fair t o r ommemorate the frewith inrliffeJ·rilt success. 'l'he truth tinues about a · thous11nd Illinois qn Pnt openings of the Celebra Cllt hoils and bubbles from beneath and journalists a 1··e liable to a t llrm of in th r P anama Canal. tr·uth is hm'l'ed in the war zone. two thommnds yt' IIJ'S each fot· a simSunfish Sam- Taking anythin Th r P11 ris " G11e1T<' Socii! I e. " the . ilat· offense. for your h ay fpve r ? . JJoeti\TP, th r Rappel 11nd the RadiWallie Whale- Yes ; I 'm t aking " B e i.. a perft•et . tliseiplina rian." <'al Ill"<' all 1111der susp ension. It mn st b p g l'rat to h<' an editor in the . " Y <'P; JH' YCI' gin' s 1111 order unless hoxing lessons t o wallop the first hr 1s de11d sure it " ·ill he oh ey ~d." one who giYes me free advice. war 7.0ne. ~~ * A talesman with a very laudable hope of getting on th ~u.&y: . a famous trial now in progress in Los· Angeles said he "wou,ld not "believe any man was an anarchist until it was · absolutely proven." Fair enough! '\Ve know many mild and hat·mless philosopher who claim to he anarchist~or Christians, but a, lot of them would find it difficult· , to prove it even to this .talesni;m of the early eocene. · . '. .·: · * * * * * * * * * * * �. . 29 The Western Comrade State and Church THE people of California arose in more or less intelligent wrath at tiw recent election and overwhelm- ingly defeated a proposition fo exempt church property from taxation. TJ1e. proposed amendment was ribbed up with ·the full intent of evading taxation on minions of dollars worth · of income property and land held out of use. Not only did the Catholic church seek this but the other deuomin~·ons were equally eager to get o . from under the ''burden'' of payi g taxes on their· property holdin s. · Of course not much dependence can be placed on the theory that the roters were all acting intelligently. ThP vote was among a dozen other ne~ativ e votes on proposed amend. nwnts. :\Inch of the majority ag11inst this proposition was a part of the general, blind protest against conditions that exist in California tolhi~·. Ove1·taxation and staggering nsst•ssnwnts have maddened the peopll' and their vote was largely a result of that condition. The deadenin!! depression of the financial situation. the widespread disemployment anc! consequent failure of thousands of small merchants has caused a wail of despair from the middle class. This group voted solidly against all amPndments and among them the exemption of church taxation. On the other hand there were many who r ealized that exemption from taxation of church proper'ty is tantamount to state appropriation from the public funds. There is little inclination on the part of the people of California to r evert to the vicious system of state contributions to religious denominations and private institutions. It will not ·be done. Despite their seeming somnolence on many matters the people are educated beyond the point of a re,·et·sion to such an inconsistency in what they t hink \s a democratic commonwealth. -H. C. Ignorance .is the· Great Curse! Do you know, for instance, the scientific difference between iove and passion? >- . · . • Hum~n life is full of hideous exhibits wre~chedness due to igri'orance of sexual .normality. . .· ' ·.' • · Stupid, pernicious prudery long has blind~d ·us' sexual truth. Science was slow in entering thts vitar fteld·: In · recent: years co'mmetcialtsts eyeing profits have unloaded many unscientific and.·dan'gerous sex,books.· Now, the world's great scientific ml.nds are dealing wit.h·t.his subject upon which human· happiness often depends· No Jonger is the subject taboo among intelligent people. · · · •or to · We take pleaaure_ln offering 'to t be American· public tlie work of one of the ·world's greatest authorities upon the question of sexual life. He Ia Aug'uat Fore!, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., of Zurlcli; Swltzerl.and. His book will open your eyes to yourself and· expla.ln many mysteries.· You will be better for this kn'owl~dge; Every profeasional man and woman, those dealing with socl!ll, medical, criminal, legal, r eligious and educational matters will· lind this book of immediate value.- Nurses, police officials, heads of .public institutions, writers, judges, clergymen and teachers are-urged to get this book at once. The subject is treated from every point of view. The chapter on "love and other irradiations of the sexual appetite" is a profound exposition of sex emotions-contraceptive means discussed-Degeneracy exposedA guide to all in domestic relations- A great book by a gre.a t man. ·''The Sexual -Q uestion" Heretofore sold by subscription, only to physicians. Now offered to the public. Written in plain terms. Former price $5.5~. . Now sent prepaid for $1 .60. This- is the revised and enlarged Marshall English translation. Send check, money order or stamps. ·Gotham Book Society, Dept. 387 General Dealers in Books, Sent on Mail Or(ler 142 West 23rd St., New York, N.Y. Dawson's .Dermal Cream Prevents· wrinkle·, softens and beautifies skin. Removes fre.ckles, tan, moth patches and all discolorations. Greatest beautifier of the age. One Ounce Jar 60c Postpaid The Soul of You Ho\1' many loved your moment of glad gr ace .\nd loved your beauty with love false or true Hut one man loved the pilgrim soul in you And loYeil. th e sorrows in your r hanging face. - Y cats. ' Prepared By DR. ELIZABETH DAWSON Telephone Home A-4633 HARRIMAN & RYCKMAN Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. Llano, Calif. Home A-2003 Main 619 A. J. STEVENS Dentist 306 South Broadway Loa Angeles, Cal Room 514 �The Western Comrade · . Scripture For It Pictures for Propaganda Shoo~ Capitalism With a St~reopticon Anyon e can lecture with the aid of pictures; the~ tell the st ory, you point out the moral. Pictures draw a crowd w:h"e re · oth er means fail. They make your work doubly effective .. W e tell you how to get the greatest results at the least expense. Send stamp for complet e information. W. SCOTT LEWIS 3493 Eagle Street . Los Angeles, California INof talking practical application. Socialist or co-operative prin-ciples mie frequ ently finds ·m ost str enuous opposition froq~ the theoretic and argumentative ocialists. The following illustrate : A group Of colonists w er e _.ta lk.. ing to a rath er ·dogmatic Socialist ' comrade who wa. 'v isiting the ·.' ommtmity and who seemed mu ch :. ' mor inclin ed to d eal in abstract :theoi.-ies 'than to · ee the. nlue of :lppfic8,tions. After an extremely p edantic and doctrinaire utterance QD the part of th e visitor David . Evans, th e qui et est man at Llano, said·, 'in a:. delightful Scotch brogue: ·" We have to show them. Th ey· wa1it th e . Scriptures for it. If it isn t in the . first chapter of K arl ~r arx some of th em r ej ect it. . Th ey r emind m e of an old Scotchma n · who .had b een a home body. · H e ·was t11lkin g to a lad just retti·r·i1 ed from a lon g voyage~ " " f ell m e. uoo, ;'Jami e. what was th e most ·\Y Ond el'ful th ing you saw wh en at sea?' · " ' I think tl~e stt·ang-est t hin g I sa 11· wa s th e ft .ving-fis)1.' · ' ' Noo. Jaddi{>, tlinna .m ak ' a fn le . · v erse!. \\' ha r v er h ra t·d o' a fusit a Heein '?• · . " ' Anoth ~ r strange thin g I SflW 11·hi• ti . l'!·ossin g the R ed Sea. · \Ye dropped anchor ~n cl 11·hen' 've raised it again th er e wa s one of Phan10h ·s c·hariot entan gled on it.' "' "\~' · lflddie , ·I 'll heli e,·r th at. W P ·v e Scripture for that. ' : · o. Cut Y ou·r Fuel Bill and Get More Heat l{,v burning- air aud oil in y our •·ook stove, IH·at ct·, rau gc, hoi lc;· ot· ful'ltHt' l'. \\"ho would thin!< of running an automobil e on coal or \\·ood ? Yl'l hundreds of' thousands or p eo pl e toda,v at·e u s i111! l'Oal and wood to cook \Yith . If thr t·ailroads of today shou ld takr off th eir oil-hurniu g lo•·onwtins and t·epl al·C th em w·ith th e old st,vl e soft coa l engim·s. th r in effi'e it•n ey of the old cu gi n rs w ou ld ra use a great deal of d issatisfactiou. · \\'hv do vou t·ontinut• to 11se tht• old ind'f'iticnt m ethods fo t· ht·at iHg and ~·ook ing 'I Burn Air and Oil Tlu· I. ~- L . oil hurn ct• forms a gas that burns w.i th an (' X(l'l' lllt' brat. Thl· t·ost of fu el is t> Xtt·emely low, ranging fro m three cen ts gallon and up . The installation is,also simple, and th e pt·in eipl e of operati on is nndt•i·stood 11t sight. For rurthPr partieuhii'S and pritt' list of humt;I'S addl'l'SS ]H'l' Llano del Rio Company Mail Ord er Department 923 HIGGI 1 S BLDG. LOS ANGELES. CAL. Territory open for liv e agents • Murder For Profit · NJ ~ET_EEN gids w er e murdered m P1ttsbUJ'g (home of th e steel trust ), wh en rotting tit·e esca pe, ha !Ted \\·indows :wd lock ed door hrought d eath to th e work ers in a r;idory .tl1 er e. Th e steel trust wa ~ so ove rco me with hon·or over one holocllUSt wh ere twentv-one men lost th eit· ·li,·es that it · h as spent huu clt·eds of th ousands of dol)ar" p rosec utin g and p e rsecutin g memIH'I'S of fl certain labor ot·ganiza-. ti on. \Yill th er e be similar actiYit irs in th e c11se of the button fac· tor~' g-irl s? X o, H enri etta, th ere ""ill n ot. 'l'l1is crime is on e of •·apit11lism. Tlw other \\·a · one th11t eould ht> ffl :rrtened ont o Labor. Tlw strel tru . t is not playing that sort of game. �T h e W e s t e r n C om r-a d e 31 Llano del Rio Co-operative L 1a n o, ,C a 1if or n i a is t he grea test Community Enterprise ever laun"C!ied T HIInS America . . The colon y was founded by Job Harriman and is situated In the beau ti ful Antelo pe Valley, Lo.ll Angeles County, Californ ia, a fe w h6u rs' rid e from Los Angeles. The community is sol vin g the problem of disem ployrnent a!Jd business failure, and ofl'ers a wa y to provide for the future welfare of the workers and th e ir families. · Here is a n example of co-operation in action. Llano del Rio Colon y is a n ent erprise uniqu e in the history of com.mu nlty groups. Some of th e a ims of the colony a re : To solve the problem of un em ploy ment by providing steady employment for the wor kers; to ass ure safety and comfort for the future and for old age; to guarant ee education for the children in the best schoo l und e r person a l supervision, and to provide a social life a mid s urroundin gs bette r than , can be found in the comI!P I it il·e worl d. Some of th es e a im s have been ca rried out during the year s in ce th e colo ny bega n to work out the problems that confro nt pion ee rs . There a r e a bout 600 persons living at th•• new 1own of Ll ano. Th ere are now more than 170 · Jlll lli ls in th e sc hool s, and se ve ral hundreds are expected to be enro ll ed be fore a year shall hav e passed. Plans are under way for a sc hoo l buildin g, whi ch will cost several thousand doll a rs. Th e bonds ha Ye been voted and sold and there is noth in g to delay th e building. Sc hool s ha ve ope ned for th e fa ll t erm with classes ranging from th e Montessori a nd kindergarten grades through the Inte rm edi a te whi ch in clud es the first year In high school. This gi Yes the pupil s a n opportunity to take advanced subjP<· t~ . in cludin l': lan g ua ~es in th e colony school. The colony owns a fin e herd of about 100 h ead of Jersey and Holst e in dairy cattl e and Is turning out a la rge amount oi !la ir )' produ ct s. Th ere Is st eady demand for our output. T h<? re a re ove r 200 hogs in th e pens , and among th em a luge number of good brood sqws. This department will be girc n spec ial attention and ranks high in importance. The c·olony h as se ,·enty- fiv e work horses, a large tractor, two t r uc ks and a numb er of automobiles. The poultry depat·t ment has 2000 egg- making birds , some of them blu e rihilon pri ze winn er s. This departm ent, as all oth ers. is in the cha rge of a n expert and it will expand rapidly. The re are several hundred hares in the rabbitry and the manager of the de partm ent says ' th e arrivals are in startling number s. The re are about 11,000 grape cuttings In the ground and thousand s of de cidt:ous fruit and shade trees in 'the colony nursery. This de!)a rtment is being steadily extended. The commtmity owns several hundred colonies of bees which are prod\l cing honey. This department will be inrrl'ased to seve ral t housands. S everal tons of honey are on band. Amon g other industries the colony owns a steam laundry, a planing mill, a printing plant, a machine shop, a soil an&l)·sts laboratory, and a number of other productive plants are conte mplated, among them a cannery, a tannery, an Ice plant , a shoe fa ctory, knitting and weaving plant, a motion Pictu re company and fa ctory. All of this machinery is not rl'l set up o wing to t he stress of handling crops. The colonists are far ming on a lar.ge scale with the use ot modern machine ry, using scientific sys.t em and tried lll~thods . . ,~ No more commissions will be paid for the sale of memberships or stock in the Llano del Rio Community. Every installment member should be a worker to secure new members. ' Xb·o ut 120 acres of g_arden ··was planted this year. The results have been most gratifymg. Social life. ln the ~olony- 'ts most delightful. Entertainments and. dances are, regulariy established functions. Baseball; basltet-bB.li:' tennis. swi=ing, fishing, hunting and &II other sports and pastimes ·are. popular with all ages. · . ' Several hu'tldred· acre~, are now in altalfa, which Is expected to run siJ!: cuttings of heavy hay this season. There are two producing ·OrchllJ'dS and about fifty-five acres of young pear trees. Several hundred acres will be planted In pears and apples next ye~r. ·Six hundred and forty · acres have been set aside for a site for a city. The building department Is making bricks for the constru.ctton of hundreds of homes. The city will be the only one ·of Its kind In the world. It will be built with the end of being beautitul and utilitarian. Th ere are 1000 memberships fn the colony and over 800 of them a re suliscrihed for : lt Is believed that the remainder will be taken wlthl.n the. next fe:w months. The broadest demo.cracy. prevails lu the manage~ent of the colony. There is a · directorate of nine, elected by the stockholders, and a community commission of ·nine, elected by the General Assembly-all persons over 18 voting. Absolute equality prevails in every respect. The ultimate population of this colony will be between 5000 and '6000 persone. The colony is organized as a. corporation under the laws of California. The capitalization is·$2,000,000. One thousand members are provided for. Each shareholder agrees to subscribe for 2000 shares of stock. Earh pays cash ($750) for 750 shares. This will be Increased to $1000 within a few months. De ferred payments on the remaining 1250 shares are made by deducting one dollar per day (or more, 'If the member wish es to pay more rapidly) from the $4 wage of the colonist . Out of the remaining $3 a day, the colonist gets the necess ities and comforts of life. · • The balance remaining to the Individual credit or the colonist may be drawn In cash out of the net proceeds of the enterprise. A per cent of the wages may be drawn In cash. Continuous employment is J)rovlded, and vacations arranged as may be desired ·by the colonist. Each member holds an equal number of shares of stock as every c :her shareholder. Each member receives the same wage as every other member. In case anyone desires · to leave the colony his share& and accumulated fund may be sold at any time. Are you tired of the competitive world.? Do you want to get Into a position where every ho::r'a work will be for yourself and your famlly? Do you want assurance of employment and proviRions for the future? Ask for the booklet entitled: "The Gateway to Freedom ." Subscribe for The Western Comrade ($1.1}0 per year) , and keep posted on the progress of the colony. Ask about our monthly paym ent Installment m embersh ip. · Address LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY, 92-i Higgins buflding, Los Angeles, California. �Victory For Toilers Co'!' operation Proves Success · -· Great .care i!! be~g taken in the selection wonderful _demonstration of success m of the · colonists. .If· you are tired oi the their effort to put a great theory into prac-. up...J:i.iH fi.ght 'in 'tne cut:throat competitive tise. H ere a group of theorists with practi- system you should in-v estigate the Llano· del cal ideas back uf them b{lve established a R.io enterprise. ):ou will find that a great community founded on e{Juality and jus- opportunity awaits YOl]- there. This com.• . munity is not com-. and hav~ tice made great er pro- .-----------~------~~----------~ posed of failures, but rather from gress in a Y,ear those .who have and a half than their most cheerachieved a great ful optimist had mea.Sur e of sue~ cess. · Many of hoped to achieve them ·scorned the in several years. They have nearly idea of success 8000 act·es of land, when it meant the an abundan ce of crushing down of pm·e mountain watheir fellow man. ter and hundreds Here is gathered a . group of earnest; · of heads of live stock and a large enthusiastic men A J ersey of th e Da iry Herd amount of indus- . and women who trial maehinery. They have established a who are going ahead · with earnestness town of 600 inhabitants ~nd are growing and detem1ination that insures a · sricrapidly. Their plans contemplate a beau- eess that mea,ns a great demonst ration of the tiful city ~ith homes for all th eir members. Yalue of co-operative action. You are urged There are less than 200 memberships remain- to read the stories abou.t the colony printed ing unsold and these are being subscribed for in this magazine. Read announcement on every day. The price of membersh ips will page 31, and take immediate steps to seremain at $750 for a short time, then it will eure a membership. Ask about our monthly go to $1000. payment. plan. L LANO DEL RIO .Colonists have made a "Modern society conducts its affairs under circumstances which create and maintain an ever Increasing burden on all humanity. Man sustained In youth by the Illusion that ability or good fortune wiil ultimately r~rd him with happiness through material success, lea.r ns sooner or lat , that no peace can be his until the unmoral conditions of commercia m and industrial competition are removed.".- From the Community Constitution. · LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY Membership Department 924 Higgins Building · Los Angeles, California - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1915-10 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-10 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n06_191510 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-23 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n06 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Fantacism in the Socialist Party -- Job Harriman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/2ec18fd14195bd16baf165dfbd5b46bb.pdf ed845040c3fe5e5076b8666ae40e1ca1 PDF Text Text �ELKS KIN BOOTS.and SHOES -Factory ·operated In: connection ~with LLANO ·D EL Rio CoLONY Men's 10-inch .boots .$6.00 Men's 12-inch boots . 7.00 Men's 15-inch 'boots. 8.00 Ladies' 10-inch boots 5.00 Ladies' 14-inch boots 5.50 Men's Elk shoes. . . . 4.00 Ladies' Elk shoes. . . 3.50 Infants' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 . . . ........ . 1.50 Child's Elk shoes, 5 to 8 .. . .......... 1.75 Child's Elk shoes, 8'12 to 11 . .. .. .. .. 2.25 Misses' and Youths, 11'12 to 2 . ..... .. . 2.50 Place atocklng foot on paper", dl"awlng pencil uound aa pel" above IIluatl"atlon. Pau tape ai"Ound at linea without dl"awlng tight. Give alze usually wol"n. IDEAL_-- FOOTWEAR For Ranche -r s·· a:nd Outdoor Men . .. The famous Clifford Elkskin Shoes are lightest and easiest for solid comfort and will outwear three pairs of ordinary shoes. We cover all lines from ladies,' men 1s and children's button or la~e in light· handsome patterns to the high boots for - mountain, hunting, ranching or desert ·wear. Almost indestructible. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurement according to instructions. Out of tovm shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P. 0. order and state whether we shall forward by mail or express. SALES DEPARTMENT Llano· del Rio Cotnpany · 922 Higgins Building, Los Angeles, Cal. �~~~ I I co Leo Tolatoy. Drawn by TS Wm. R. 'Walker ......•...... CoYer Facts and ' Comment. By Frank E. Wolfe ... : ..... Pa~e Third Circle of Might I fL....,...- - - - - . - ! By .Morgan 5 mith ......... Page 9 Hell For Its Makers. By Frank H. \yare ....... .. . Page 1t Busting the Iron Law. By George Cantrell ... : .... Page ,1 3 Where Is the Home ? By Irwin Tucker .. ·.......... Page 14 By Mary \\' hite Ovington ......... . ........ ... : ......... : ... Page 14 Mary Phagan Passes Judgment. Community .Grows in Power. By R. K. Williams .. Page 15 Industrial Activity at Llano del Rio Community .·.· Page iS Earth Is Enough (Poem). By Edwin Markh.am .: . Page 20 Our Wonderful School .................... :.' ... . . Page 21 A Remarkable Prediction. By Count Leo Tolstoy .. Page 22 Peace or War? By A. E. Br iggs ....... .. ......... Page 22 Speak, What Think Ye of the War ? (Poem) . . By E rnest Desland . .... .. . .. . . .. ... . . .. . ....... Page 23 Picturing Our Hero ..... .. •. .. ... . .. . ..... ... ... . Page 23. Rights vs. Power ....... . .......... .... ......... . Page 26 Should Sanity .Strike? By Albert A..James ....... Page 29 CARTOONS War's Stupendous Cost ........ . .. . ........... 1-'rontlsplece Jum-Jum, the Wild Man .......... ... ............ Page G ... ... ................ . .. . ... Page 7 Gimme Blood! '' ................ Page 9 AYearof .War .... "Blood! Blood ! ~ Kreuziand, Kreuzland Ueber Alles ! . .. .. .. ...... . .. Page 11 At One Gu,ip .. .... ... ......... . ... . ... . ... . .•. .. . Page 13 When the Welsh Miners Came Up Out of the •Ground ... .... .... ......... ................. Page 28 �.War's Stupendous Cost I i (·. t~ {:.f. .) ::)• i~ . ( .. '\\ ' , : ·~ j' . .·.; : j., .: . '' . r:; To the Last Farthing �THE 0 ---------------------------------Political Action VOL. III Devoted to the CauM of the Co-· operation LOS ANGELES, CAL., SEPTEMBER. 1915 AI Fresco Dinner. AD Wortcen Direct Actl.o n NUMBER 5 All of the Food Produced bv Ll?.no del Rio Community FACTS AND COMMENT. By F r a n k E. W o I f e A Y E.\H and u h:rll' ago a woman, who had all Plldt•tl some of th e first st>ssions of the 1ndu~trinl Ht•lation~ Commission, mad!' a pn•di..tion tlt:•t 1nts ht•t•t: most wnll<krfully fulfilled: · ·out of this ii,,·,•sti;ration will t'Ome somt> fllrl'!';~dt\np: t' Psults. ThP pt·rsonnl'l of the c-ommission is pont·. From .] im Comwll to Harris ·w t>i nstoek. lahnt· may \'i!'\\' tltt• lllltk<>up with suspieion. But thPrP is Frank 1'. \\';tl·dt a nt.l Basil ::\Tanlcy. and tht•SP 11wn will pt't'\'t•nt tht• t'Ommission from prm·ing 11 f11r•·•·.. W a Ish has t hr potNlt i11lity and fparlPSSIH'. s: he \\' ill lrat·n murh, and will hroarlen as he learns and in tht> finnl he will <'mt>rge as a ehampion of the workt'rs ... \\'a lslt has made good and !\l anlt·.v hm; madt• good . 1\s fot· ( 'o nrwll--wrll, h e is "Buttonhole .Jim," seeone] ,-it·P·pt·PsidPilt of thP A. F. of l;. Bot·ed to distradion. int!'rt•stPd in only a ft•w things--tht• milil ia of ( 'lu·ist and the welfart• of the pan tiff. ''" Pinst •wk. ( .\lt·s. ·1 Harriman all(] ( 'ommonR m:..y mak ... 11ll the side rt•pot·ts tl11;y (•an wr·it(•, hut th e n·a I r('po rt of \\' alsh and ~~ anlt•y muRt IH' JH'int<>tl and !!iYt•n the widest <·ir••ulation. 'Yalsh has done a grea t work in bringing out with ,-i\·id d<•llrut>ss the e l~ss war in Americ·a. \\' ith the work <>rs 110\1' lies the r<•spon.sibility of s<>eing tit at the rt•port is marl•· a ~;t rong weapon for the re,·o. Jut ion . Xow writ e to your Congressman and urge him ,. �The Western Comrade 6 (11 usf· his f•tforts to !!t•t the W alsh r eport printed <t t.d distr·ihuted. T EX .\S c-itizens rt·<·c·ntly hnl'nPd a negro aliYe in~ puhlic square &nd on the same day an Illinois sl11·riff succeeded, only after great difficq,lty, in saYing a prisoner from lyndti'ng. Th e spirit of mob murd!'r is not c·ontined to th e Southern States. On the· l'flltlrary, th f• re nrc• many instan ce~ to show tha t t l1 is dis<·as<· is nut loc·a lizt>d or g(•ogt·Hphiral. Lyn c·hings in tltP l ' nitNI States arc decreasing <IIlii th t• more a ror·ious tortures :ue fewer than in l'onnPr _YI'ars. Thcrr <! I'!' e \·idPnccs that we a re lett iu~ thP :IJH' a nd tlw ti~~"'' die and that ther·c a rc 1110rc· hnrnarH· instinc-ts th:111 of yor·e. In commentin~ on this, Olll' moralists arc always sure to hring i 11 t hP ' lwrrors of t·om plaeent disregani' fot· th e law. To thf'm lllllr·drr 1111drr th e law is at worst a " deplorHh lr n ceess it~'-" They do not see that. cold blood lc·)!alizPfl strau)!liug is mor·c• t·pprelwnsihlc than the moh mmdrrs committed in sudclen h eat following S<llll<' madch·ning l'rime against a woman. At this ho11r, when thousands of men and women arP PXrrt in~r every eff01·t to hring, through th e initiati\'e, the a bolition of legal killings, our eold hlood<·d vi c·;11·ions prison lync· hing-s arl' wholly unpardouahlc. W 1 aftt'r death by deliberately planning a cold-blooded murder. Could there he a more absurd anachronism? Depriwd of every right Georgia women are brutally exploitea, but are giwn a .'·squar e deal "-if they happen to be white women-after they ha Ye been . assaulted by their exploiter . Are the Georgia women who work in the fa ctories and . fields giYen a square deal ? Was thert> eYer a p·rotest f r9m our c·hi,·alrie friends when the ![iris in the p encil fac·tor~· where ~T:uy Phagan worked were forc ed to totl bodyracking honrs on m isPt·ahl e pay ? '\Yas there any talk of fa it· pht~· for ~Tary Phag-an, aliYc, l!tHlrrpaid and OYerworkcd? Is thc're any "square deal· · for th e y01ing g-iris whose lin' s are gro11nd out in th!' c·otton mills of Georgia ? Is thc•rc• a . sqnarr> dral for the hla rk " ·omen of * * * E ha\'e lwen eallcd to account by a gentleman from Geor gia who resented the statement print r d in this !'Olumn that "as to the blood guilt of the propl c of that state there is no shadow of llonbt. " He plracled extrnuatin g ci rcumstances. In a voirc so riC'h and mellifluous that one sensed in hncl< of it thr flo w of <l black mammy 's milk, th e young man saicl: " '\Vr n rl' mu ch misjudged. In Georgia om· wonll'll ha\'r. J rrc:kon, lrss political rights than in :wy oti H' l' statr. ~Ire can't (knint ) vote; she has no ]('!!Ill right to makr a will ; she may not dispose of prorwt·t~·; he has no contt·ol over her childreu-in fllc-t 110 legal stanclin g at all. I think that's why we hrlieYc in g'iYin g them a square deal. " The squarr dral is, Hpparently, given to some - X ~w Y ork C"all �The Western Comrade . 7 Georgia ? Do the tens of thousands of mulatto children of that and other southern states bespeak a squar·e 1leal for the white wives and sweethearts of the <·hindri<· gentlemen of Jawjy? We do not mean to be harsh and unjust. Neither have we any grudge against Georgia. We plainly . :tnd frankly plead guilty to equally cold-bl~oded l,vrwhings in ('a]ifornia as those of Georgia and Mississippi. ~iJI(·p we printed the former ar-ticle on this su hjl'd WP str·angled a man at Folsom penitentiary. Our mul'd t·r was a~ studied and cold as that of the nth .. r moh that strung up a weak, wounded and -;ha<-lded man nrar Atlanta. The difference is in tht· dt•gn•t• of our hypoerisy. ln California we try, at least, to give women politi('a] and lega l equal ity. ln her· proud possession of lwr Yote th e Califomia woman follow.s her Christ inn pastor· to th e p clls and votes to continue legal lynt·hing in California . \\' t· arP. howr,·cr·, in a measu re, getting away from til t> •·oln\'C•hhy maz!' of sophistries of our Georgia hrotlwn-; who prat!' about r hivalry and a square deal. "C AHDS arc out-- '' nice, smug, society talk. Canis are out . for a function at the l<,olsom nPnitrntiary. California is about t o perform anotller· mnl'(ler ani! this time we shall try to break into l\1 iso;issippi 's rlass by mal<ing an "OPcasion." ~t'W!;papPrs dPs<·rihc thr official iuvitatons for th e l'Xecution of the court's sentence on th e person of l>aYid Fountain ~~~ "neatly PngTa,·ed <·a r·ds with hiM·k hor(](• r·s. '· \\' c a r e not told whether there will he an ~· f r·ird chil'k<'n, wa te r•mp)un or· a ny of the frilly thing-s that maiiP th e Starkville fnnrtion such a pronou nt•rd SlH't·t>ss. S O<'IALlST~ 1 who Il l'!' ~iven to d ebating questions of th t' da~' lun·e lwen sel'king a foil fo r th !' s11h.it>d. "Dor · Lahor want an l'ight-hour day ?" \\"p \\·ould likt> tlw n<'!{atiH side if we Pou!d gort 1111 int!'!h•et nal Ilem·y of the craft union type to ad as a fo il. ): ('I ~· pi ~ 1f Ia hor wants an Pig-ht-hom· day OJ' auythin).! 1'1." in the w11y of . hortrr hour·s. 01· hettPr A Yi•;A J{. rw Uncle Sam: "Hully gee! canned m eat out of that!" ·-L <·ouditions it would · . -:~quP II R ~Pt vV AR I could make swell d€' Ia 'J'orratxa, Barcelona it without l1esitation or tl<'la~· · Labor in Califomia did not want an eight-hour . day \\·hen it Yoted al{ainst- or failed to vote for the initiative measure at the last state election. 'fhe nr·t was initiatrd by the Socialists of the state. Shamed into action and goaded on by the activity of ~oeialists who are also trade unionists, organized lnhor· pas rJ resolutions and gave half-hearted "moral" support. 'I' he hrunt of the fight was ear· rit•d by Thomas W. Williams, state secretary of the ~ocialist P a r·ty, and he made every dime that came in look likr a douhle eagle to the plutocratic power that fought him . It was an opportun ity of a gen- �The Western Comrade 8 cr·ation. The measure was called reYolutionary. It waR not, hut it was a tremendous step ahead. :Nothing could have clearer demonstrated the mudtty twain of the toiler than the result of that election. Thr mor·r barefaced the lies of the press agents of the· lahor·-hating organization the greater the eagerll<'ss of the~ small farmer and the farm hand and th e s tupid city Jn(•c:hanics to defeat the. eight-hour initiative. A ":\ Pntc•rpr·isin({ imbecile of '" atts, Californiaa suhul'll of Lo;<; Angeles that is made thP butt of many c·oar·sc· jokc•s-cr·eated a tremendous sensation in c!Hily nc·wspaper <"irdes by springi-ng an "edit inn " of 2000 w:tr PXtras one bright. Sunday morninv. 'l'h" sc·ar·Phead in high black wood type annorliH'I'cl thl' "English Navy Sunk!'' Tlw fake was t·h•·ap, silly nne! obvious, hut. the puhli<: has hl'cn ··duc·nf<'d to hig-h hladdace type and shr·icking annnrrnc·c·nwnts <;O it honght and read and hrlil'ved a story so fc•arf'ully nncl wonderfully wrought that it plainl.v was of' sqnirrrl-housr. production. The f'11nll~' f'paturr w:rs tlw SC]lHt\\·k of indignation from t he• r·c•uular· daily pr·pss. 1t dl·rnalld ed anrst and imprisonmc>nt oft Ire faker. _'I'IH' Vvatts genius had only o\·P rplH~'('cl thrir· g-nmr. Tht•y haYe hecn faking in 1'\'Pr·y l'dition hut their· fr·aurls at'<' nea!ly roYer·ed with c·n•tlit. lirws of m•ws llg'<'ncies. Jt is the samC? old story ot' the Jq~ality Rllc.l momlity of organized eheP.ting ani! th P 11ttrr outlawry of the individual \\'ho takt•5; a p lnng-t' into the nasty game. ;{' T "" ~li llE 'tate Hailway Commission has issued an order suspending the new law prohibiting otiH•r·s than regulat·ly authorized telegraphers and station agents from rPeeiving and deliYering train ortlers. Tlw mNtsur·e was calculated to safeguard tlw liYes of pnssengt•r·s and trainmen. A a ·• Lahor ml>-asm·e ·' it ·w as v~t luable in that it pre,·ented the po sibility of tt·ninmen with a smattering of knowledge of the t elegraph code and a craft union idea from handling orders and scabbing on the operators in c•nse of strikes. The railroad magnate found a llirt'(•t ronte to nullify an obnoxious law. Again for the thousandth time are achie,·ements by political action natched from the worker before any benefit is d~rived. . Are -our masters mad, that they tak~ those long chances of destroying our hope of libet·ation by peacefu~ means? E VEN as the Jtalian .:ociali ts held down the lid Tor · a ye,a r, so are our comr·ade · in S"·eden F:t!'nggl~ng w'ith that part of eapitalisrn that pt•of'its most hy war·. En•ry r•ffort is heing exerted by Germany to !!l't tl1e northern country inYoln•tl. Tlw militP. ry pRrt in Sweden is eomposcd or ambitious of'ficcr·s a11d repr·escntatives of t·he hig- fi nant·ial intPJ'l'Sts. All the militar·ists of Swt>den arc of thP GPrmau sc;hool; th<•y ar·c tnrirwd along Gerrnan linPs and they are in full sympathy with the Kaiser iu the struggle. lf the ~ocia llsts of Swl'den can pr·e,·ent war it wil l hP a h1g \'ic·tory for dcmocra ry and a lon g step tO\\' a rd Soria I ist suc.:cc•ss. W HAT arc yo~r reading 1 "\r·e you getting misinfor·mation from the daily organs of plutocrac·.v and tr·ying vainly to disc:ount the editorial lies and distorted " news'' ·i t.ems ~ You can 't do it. It takes years of tt·aining to Pnahle one ~o pick out the thin 1hread of trnth that is interwoven in the f:lbrie made• of the waqJ of stock sophistr·ies and woof o[ harrfal'l'd falsehoods whcrHPr the interc·st!'! of the ruling class arc at stake. Do you read the Amrrican ~oc.:ialist 9 lf you do not• you are losing muc·h. 1f ~· ou miss a cepy of Pearson ·s )[agazinc you c-annot kec•p ahreast of the national n ews f rom the standpoint of rebel" who arc unafraid. There are scores of Ji,·e Sol'ialist weeklies that are d evoted to con-,;tructin• propaganda. They carry news of the day in sueh form that the workers may read and not be clc-cei,-ecl. Do you read th e New York Daily CalH One Runday edition is worth a year 's subscription. The )filwaukee Daily Lead~r is keen and snappy and l'aJTies a splendid editorial page. In order that the J'(':!dPrs of the W !'stern Comrade may ha\'e at least two of th(' hest publications in America we have mad!' mo. t arh·antageous combination offers. �T e West r Ce rad .T hird Cir cle of By OR G (!!] M. JOHT is a railroad train-with o many Htops and 111,1ch and such tum-outs _and a certain course to be run in a certain ~ time. We must not be playing block . with llight, and Might must not be pluying dolls with us. This is no playing - matter. Science has fixed a day when liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:ll w • are going to be waiting for Might al 11H· laHt 11tation on the line; Might must be on l im1• or humaJJily will suffer the fate ~f the mastodons. That .\light iH eapahlc of being entrust ed with any Hlli·h ,johH ~~~ saving- t he H uman Race .without the assistarw · of it~ old side-partner, Right, has occu rred only l O Sl f1•W, and thcsp J\•w kep t it and fheir st anding iu t ltP c·ommunity to t lwmsclves. When it comes t o " al'i n!( t lt i nl!s t h .. pop ula r conception of the savers hns IH·i·ll n 1t•arrL ol' t wo tlesccndants of P egasus scaml"'r'in l{ alou !{ t ht• ohstadP race of life-l\Iight on one Hid1• a nd Hi"ht orr t hP other·. Th ey ha ve been made .vo i<P-mll ll'i'i in l'Ver·.v important undertaking. And wh1·11 ~ li g- ht and Ri ght got sta rted any wh ere lllt co " 'Otlld J H' r ' JW iuall~· lw ,just out of sight around the <'O I'IH'I' nhl':lll 11nd t ht• oth er· ,joggin g bac k along the roud t o fi ntl h im. YPt the people kept patiently on I'I'Jlll il·in !! hr·t•H ks in th l' impossible harness and hunti ng up Hi ~X ht so th11 t. he and Might would be sure to ~ ti1• k in t ht• I:>U lllll road. " f,!"nvc 'em alone," they said, '' 11 1111 th r y 'Jl get .somewh et'<' ot· ot her , r aising a cloud ol' du t-:t h1' hind 1hr m. ' But th r y didu 't . That t h!'r'e is <;nch n thing somewher e as positive 111111 Ull\'fll'~' i n g Ri:zht. nohouy doubt. . But wh en we st•ir.<' it nml hold it d own and sit on it long enough to nut kl' h 11wing-s o f it, we will fi nd that it, above all othl'l' t hings. is n. t hing t hat will work. It will be l'ffit•h•nt. It will h l\Iighty, and, between you and nw, \\'t' will re<'ognize in it a tra ngc re emblance to our old frit'ml ) fight. '1'ht' Inn~ d~·na. t~· of Right, though po · ing almnrkt•d fmuil:'' I'(' !"lllblanee , ha. had multifarious di~uifh>d vngari . It could appear to be almo t lW,.\'thin~ 11t all. Rel'ordiug to tlte light it tood in. It h~1. nt>wr •~'n 1.'1 e t-nou 15 h to permit a real good look. • w. )light, w!tatev r e-l it bortcomings might ho', IM at h'a 't alwa~ IM-t"u of tangible tuff. lligh is uo alwa~ ju out of · bt around be eorner. It i" th :or\' ~u h tim.~, and may be mea red, photo- "''t' ,. '!f'l\lllt'd, ulted or upon. ampered-Ri md ~r and the ('Q}l th ~· h3'\: :and lligb : one er buntin ba.:!k S • tg I TH along the wa. . n been rid of tbe other. Present n of them. It a tually d.ropp d out. be-en tini\:Potted. If tb fnti!it. · of a ompli,hin purp thr n b th-e aaeney of tlle chim~ra., Right· ' e ta li h d w must di n~ t U1e- oth r Iiaht of all tlr a e-) ng lmrne .. of it v~1ilom runnin g mate. J'igbt ha nl ·n ht'en eount'Eman ed .only o fnr n it wa Wl\l'l'tUll• d "BLOOD! BLOOD ! Oll\1 M 1~ B L OD l" - New Ym·k 'all hy the pre\'a iling conception of Right. Let us, now, in om· intelligent devci.opmcnt of Might, r •tuiu only at all times that p art t hat works and Jet us threw the ot her parts away Rome place. Since Hcience has fur. nished us with an ohjcctiv •, let uH rwt ourHclv 11 to discover what parts of Might arc calculated to arrive on t ime at that last station on the line. The first thing must be a treaty of some wrt witb )light. llight has had it Hhortc;omingH, Hur Jy, but humanity bas never been rea1ly on the exad lev 1 either. Just because it was a tangible bing and und •r our control, we have bandied poor lfigbt around frm pillar to post everJ:u~ting]y sinee the daytJ when light used to dictate the position of our tbumJJt. Ugt:rt u ju ·t now ha\·iog the one hearty laugh o( ihl ear l'l' and ems thorou hJy imbued witiJ our i«Lla of true port. We may have stuffed lligbt intb erowded qwu'· e in a bottle: we may have furn it limb fro limb and put it together so oddly that it etmldn't re«~ ' u If: we ~Y hav two forees of f' to 4 �The Weste1'n Comr ·a de 10 ing each other while we ~ent behind .s omething and snickered ; but, just now, the laugh is on us, 'tis true. Through the first two sta,.ges of the evolution of ~fight we have turned that original dictator of thumbs from our enemy to our friend and then · into our playmatr. It cannot be our enemy during the next stage, even if it would. It must not be our playmate, because the third circle of Might is no playing ~atter. Hailroads have divisional poin where a train may pamle, hook up to a different engine, take· on a different kind of fuel, p er·ha ps, a nd generally hitch up its trous(•r·s Hnd take a look around. These divisiOnal points ar·<· loeated wh err ('Onditions of travel change. As I say , Might is a railroad train . .~ Along the cour·s<! we hnma us have run there have been changes in conditions of tr·avcl. ,Just because one kind of mi g ht <·ottld he rclj l'd on to get us to one place w e did not r r ly on it to get u~ to another. Tht• phy si<·al cni!ilH' was for Existence. On<·<' gairwd, we <·hanged engines. The mental engine was for Supremacy. Having- attained whieh we must have ·auother cn'l'h<' ot hPr· Pn giu<· will g<·t us to that last station. lt will not hav e done it independently of the other·engine, hut through their effici ency . Could th e Mental Pngine Ira ve been relied upon to get us all the way to the pbt<:e call ed Seenrity 9 Let us hitch up our t rousPrs and tak e a look around . Did we rely on th e Physical en~iu e to get us a ll the way to Supremacy ? Heally, now, arc we OJl th e last lap to Security with that good old mental engin e 'I Why, no ! That old m ental engine is running up all the side streets.. of th e Suprcm:wy stop, and down by the old apple tree and back to the hrook. is shootin g sparks and fire just as if it W<'rc rrally a ehoo-train , but it is really nothing hut the litHr tootin~ stationary to a meiTy-go- 'round. Th e ~rade to ~e<·ur·ity is a little too Je,·el and smooth fo r thr snorting old hog-back. \\' p are likP the mastadon . 1\'e are big enough , goodn!.'ss knows, a·ntl when th e falla cy of social suicide has disnppcnred we will be bigge r. \Yhcn it gets down to a plain nutttl'l' of Pomparing "what 's on your plate" with " what's your nrf'd ," \\'C will realize that our s ize i~ no great streug th. Thp m a tadon, according to J'eports, did not dismiss the matter lig htly h~· sayi ng that just \\·hiehl'\'Pl' p:u·t of him , un·ived would be a ll rig ht \\'ith him. ThL• mnstallon - · ,.,ht brained though he• ill t'<'portr ll to hav' n. a id that he wonlu grt NtOu gh fo r· t lw w hole twr nty ton of him or· hu t . H e hnst f'll. 'tis true. hut w e m·e not goin g to. \Y r 'r·p g"Oin g to get our hulky fr·ame down to t hr point w hrre r vf'ry mus<'ll' that w e fred must he ju t so much power to (•omhat t he thing nltead. Science h as gi n~ n u a big a•lYnnt a~?f' hy h•lllng n what· ahead. Jt o jnst her e i where the first new, faint im,a ges of Right begin to trangely re emble our old friend Might. Right is ll thing that work ; Right i efficiency. If we are going to be here when the world grows cold it must be through the co-ordination of a:ll our forces. If we are going to get away from the uprem.acy stop on time it must be with a new type of engine. Efficiency is Right- and .Efficiency is Might. Algebraically that makes ~ight, ,M ight. Phy~ically, · Might and :\!ental Might ha ve come phink up against nice new condition and they may a well it down and talk about old time to an appreciative new .form of power. Phy ical Might worked under conditions of blind, ceaseles action. E very ·form of life fought and . truggled becau e it seemed to be prope r to fight rather t11a n die. W e a ll str·u ggled our brst because ·ther e was usually a st ru ggling t>lhow in our rib. When we discover ed that ther·e was better scenery' and less struggl e on top of the seething mas of heads, we began to make diagrams and , urveys of th e most effective mrans of plar in g the toe on th e eye-· hall. _T~at was the " What-a-man-wa nts" stage of the journey . . Now we ha,·e come t o the " What-a-mnnnreds " ·division. lt i'l a n ew kind of countt·y. Let us look over that mysterious little en gine, th e oul, and sec what it' 1s good for. On the planet :\'far!; they <ll'e n earina th e last sta-. tion in the thii·d 'diYision of }fight. The SUI'vival of th r consrious . br in gs d r p cnds upon bringing, all the way to the equatorial regions, th e snows that aecumulat(· at the po]po;;, 'J'h~ough th e t PlP5eopc \\'(' see iTTigatin g ditPll<''l that ma ke that mon<;tcr· g lohe appear like hahy 's b:rll. \\'hilt fol'(·e has put th ose ditches ther e and , more important. hy what for<'e is th e immense con~ r ions population Jivin~ in amity and happin ess. Do you think the Jaws of• society on }f a rs arc based on th e " \Yhat-a-man-wants" idPn? \\Thy, no. They n eed morr th11n they wa nt. To dcsir·r a nd to r equire are synon~· mous th r r r . now, as arc ~li gh t and Right. But it tal<rs t ime to get to a rcrt ain place. If, " 'hPn :\Tars h~cl its la!'t ruinous w a r, t he p eople had not su hstitnted Socia l Forf'r for :\T aterial For(·C, they w ould not now hf' suppl~r in g their d ry la nd with moisture a nd li,·ing" in a mi ty :md happin ess. Th ey would be a frozen offt>ring t o .t he fool God of Desire. :\Ta ny ha \·e hren the intellectual seers who have a tt r mpted to pl'O\'idP a u ni form c·onsci ons p u rpose in life. W e have had as many aims of existl'nre as we ha \·r had <;errs. ''n1y not ~i ve the telescope a ch a nce alon g w ith thP othrrs ~ ~uppose wr live with the prosai<' so]p pm·po~P of d efeating that cooling of the ra rth ·s crust. and >~E'e what. algng the way, we will at ta in of Ri ~ht .. 'e<'nrit y a nd Un ity! )I i ~?h t ~ a railroad train. �The WesteTn Co 1"ade Hell For Its By FRA 11 aker RE K H. - , ('J<~XE: The recl"iving parlor of Hades .APT. PERKIN (hoUy) -But tll ' n t J\t•d n·h· t curtains hang about room. Ctt_ris!ians · they were d gs unbeli Jn IJOf' (·Orner are piles of coffin empty~ )lERL--That gave youth right tom thm y(•t faded flow~rs and wr a the how evi- · then' tll'fll'!.' ,,f •·••cent occupan<·y. There is a APT. P~ (a .trifl ~en• u ) -But tbi 111'\'l'r 1•nding dank of chains and dis- wa war! They would hov don to \1 1 f•ordant fo!Oilllds and groan ' faint but yet . Don 't. you under iand ... ad ' JH'I'I·t•ptihl•· Jn center. down stage, i l\lERL (yawnjn<>') -Y-e~ I think I kn w littl sr rwd1•Hta l with a lmg•• hook Pn top. )fany devils are about it. h~tving.. handled hundr d of t bou&&ud of wol'ldrrg- l'l••:lf'i nl! away f• offins. :\lerl, chief of receiv. offieer · durhtg 'the pat .four thou an d y ar. itt!.! dr·\'ilfo!. is !lilt in g- on a small th r·one heside the C"\ PT. PERKL, ( teppingba k ) -Are. ou "ntant f'l 'd l•stal. l.;tr'l!l' gong- r ings ntod <·urtain pal'ts in back. MERL- -o-o-n. I am but th h od of tlw r!'Cl'lY· Six di•\'il ~ 1'1111'1' I'H I'I',\'illll <·ol'fin, and plat·e it hefore ing department. ~ J ,.,.J. lhw .,r tiii'JJI snat<·h••s a tag fastened to the <·offin CAPT. PERKl 8 (look ing around )- o thiR i ;t tHI )'t'I'NI'Itfs it t o :'.f <•r·l. Six where v ryon eomo ,,;lum do·l'ils thl'ti r•x it. . th ey land in h 11, eh Y :\f)o;f<J. ( J'I 'H ding- tag )-· Pt·r tty nice plnc<' to live( 'npt , C:i•ot'l.!f' p,.,.J<ins. Fifth MERL- No; thi is t h nllllft;,]i o u King's Ow n Hifl ctrance for notabl s only. Th !IH•J J ; s ho t li·ndin~ l' hlll'!!l' of r est, ·yon will find, ar h rd d lund fol' o•!•s, Dn l'dl'lll'll t>s. throu gh n -gnte without v n ( 'flil'l't' !ll'l' ils with liumr cgistet·ing, and put to work ltll'l'.~ and l'hisi'Jt' I' III P I' . ) at 1heir verlasting tnslts. :'II EHL- J,pt 'H srP him . CAP'l'. PERKINS - Do ( Dt•vils hurst orwn coffin many of them go ,iu .that 111td Cn ptnin Prt·kins sits up, way ? p11lli<l ft·Ottl his wounds and . . MERTJ- Oh, yes. :nly dPn1 h sicl<ncss.) about one-t nth of. one p r <'APT. Pl~HKl~S . (lookcent ever . go to heav n. ing ohon1 mnn zNl and awed, CAP'J'. PERKINS-Then 11 hit prt·pl<>xrd l -\\' here you might say that everyon , l llll If fig;uratively speaking, of r-1 ER.T ln Ju•ll. Arise and cou rse, finally ends in h 111 ,.,.gi, t r indira tilt!! book on MERL-Practically that. Jll'd stlln. CAP'f. PERKINS-What \ P'r. PERT\1. (ari do you do with u11 offic rs in~\-1 h!'g p11rd n. hut and notables ? We w re lll'l'll 't ,von 11 triAr mi tal;,eu? thought to be good p opl )fl~Hf.- \\'(• don) mnk on Earth, ther fore our punmlstak.-. lll'n'. Wc puni h ishmcmtJI could not be so v ry KREl'ZLzL D KREUZLAJ JD TJEBEH ALI ES! t h··m. CAPT. ·'Father, where is your gra.,·e?" PERl T~.. (re- I ha,·.- motlstt·ntiu~t 'I -Rut h••••n II ~ml ( 'h ri»t inn ! IIIIUI ! mu - Drawn till a good man-and a (Turn ta<> 0\-er. ) lt mE'n to aughter 3000 Tnrk ~tnd •('rmlm who Wf>re on of ammunition and l~t!l!tn~ for food. You-~ , ~·ou. Cap • in Perkin. . :\IRHI. -Jf'm- lt•t'· ,''IY h\'r~ tlt~d you N'. ord~rN) ~·our b~· Louts Raemakers BeVt'l"e. liERL-1'hat depend• upon your record as it Htands Ju•r<>-not what the people of Earth credit yon witb. · ~<'w. Captain PPrkins, you will step to the book and TE'<>i. t (>T. f'APT. PERK I.·.' (goes to regiMt<.'J", pieka up fWD 1-J c·an 't el." thP ense in registering here. \VI:i~m .r ou onf"e get here, you're here for good. JfERI..-f'm !Ifraid you won't 11ee the Jleftlle i.n tot. �12 of things fo r a while yet-especially when it comes to MERL-Do you think t:here ever ws: · neb a thing punishment. as jmtice T Don't you realize that when 'a . law i CAPT. PERKINS (laying down pen after ,sign- broken by the commqn people they :are pun.i hed 1 ing )-But you don 't mete out severe punishment to Don't :y ou understand that when one (lf the lawmakgood people-er-that is persons who ·think--or rather ers should be forced through nece sity for more riches know-you understand, those who have been good . to break the same law in exactly the ame manner, MERL (laughing)-As the American says, " 'T here that he is never brought before the courts t ain't no such animal.'' .,_. CAJ>'f. PERKINS-But the people have a right CAPT. PERKINS-But-there are the preach- to have h~ brought to t he bar of justice, no matter · e:rs and priests, undoubtedly th~y are good ; you must who lie is.. . ::\It}R}j:...:..Yes, that's what ·Y.OU tell them and they admit that. · MERI.-I admit nothing. Come here. " (They go are chloroformed by that kind of dope. Then when to side stage and Merl draws back curta\n. A flare ·· the. · ti:me.. comes and thev ... land a lawmaker for lawof red light greets them and the howls (if hundreds breaking, what happens ' Why, a nice, neat intelligent of thousands in torture causes -captain P erkins to jury is selected--;-<>h, no, not by the people-and draw hack in fear. l\1erl lowers .curtain and laughs.) "justice". is taken for a nice little walk at·ound the Those are your Hellroaring preachers-your GOOD block while a coat of whitewash is plastered over the preachers. ('l'ur'n s fiercely and glares at Captain case. P(•rkins. ) 1t is you that makes hell possible! CAPT. PERKINS-But I never made any laws. CAPT. PERKINS (shrinking 'back )-)T e? I .have done nothing but obey laws ever ince I' can MERlJ- Yes, you ! You and the r est of your ac- remember.. I can truthfully say that 1 have neY~t· r•ursed group of humanity. You officers .and notables! broken one. ( Laughs sa rcastically. ) Who orders the priests to ~IEHT.r'-Ilow about the slau ghtering of -those 3000 pr·ay for· th e suecess of arms 1 Do the common p eo- '' un b!!Iievers' ' ¥ pl(• 9 \\'ho onlcrs the making of ammunitions and war CAPTAIN PERKINS--Uo ! I broke no law-in materials ? \\'ho orders the subscription to a war loan 1 faet, that was hut the exeeution of orders from my Who orders the soldier·s on the fi eld of battle 1 Who superior officers. Those ordrrs were laws, because in or·d r r·s the making of' war hahies? And again, who times of war they are giveu authority, a nd having makes tlw laws or the land. and tells th e people they exreutedt heir orders or laws l should not pe puni heel. will he punish Pel if one of them is broken '! DO THE 'l'o have fallen down on · one order would have meant PEOPLB ? (Wipes ilerspiration from his brow.) an ev erlasting disgniee and, as they woul<.l also have W ell , her·r is Urr result : H er·e is the hell you have been broken laws, I should right fu lly expect punishcrented. l t has he en created a long time, hut each ment lwre . . gcnrration srncls in its new sets of laws and n ew l\rF.HL·--Th e ca rrying out of thoc;e order·s did not subdivisions have to he added to handle the prevent you fro m hreaking other laws. er·uwd- l'or· t• ver·yorw, no matter who he is, CAPT. PERKIN~-N o other laws were broken. hreal<s somP lnw at some t ime in his life. \\.hy man, )fET\L- How ahout the law "Thou Shalt Not it k eeps us going like hell, making new ill\·entions of Kill,. ' torture to krep apace of the ones you are making for CAP'f. PERKINS- Why, man, th is is a war. That this Earthly cataclysm brought about by you nobles. law is repeal!'d in times of hostilities. It ·w ould have CAPT. PBRKINS (quuking)-Then the nobles heen impossible for me to carry out the laws of my ure punished fo r maki~g the laws t superiors and this latter law. 'l'hey are conflicting. MERL-Hell, no' W e punish no one for making They a re opposite. To carry out one is to break the lnws. It's breaking them. othE"r. )fnst I be punished for- I . . CAP'l'. PHRKl 1S-Then I can't see why the 1\lERL--Yes, that. is the reason why practically nobles should he punished- that is most of them- for everyone comes here. No law, no matter bow iong they never break the laws they ..make. ago it was made, is ever repealed in hell. Now you MERL-Oh, yes they do, only they do it in what ran see: you HAVE to break one law to mAke or keep they call a "legnl " manner. It 's all the same to us. another. Then comes punishment everlasting when Brcnu e that word "legal " does not mean anything you die. hE"re. CAPT. PERKINS-But, you said that one-tenth CAP·T. P}~RKI S--But "legal " mean within of on e per cent escaped hell. How can they do that f the law ; therefore why s.h ould they be puni hed for )lERL--They were lucky enough to be born with!;Omething they did not do ! <Continued on page Z6) �t ' Busting the ·Iron. La By GEORGE E. CA TRELL T great butchering conWfrt bas shattered many of the hopes of humanity. The long standing laws of international •·ourtesies and <.'UStOms have been ruthl ly disearde'a;· and innocent.,noncombatants on land and sea have been murdered in cold blood. Things of priceleSs beauty Hnd historical value and grandeur have been shattered. In O«>rmany the cherished ideals of Socialist working claHs solidarity, the bubble of. international class HE great Eurqpean upheaval; the highly cie.nt:ifie comba~ little avail. England ha al:wa~ fou h cription a against a plagn~. 1 the late Lord Robert e m ou for na ' nal ~tary cr~ee, he arou d a grea: t rm ot unpopular criticism "that. ' t him r lin' ba to prh> lif . I1ike the working. .eht of this ount.ry th Briti her• like to think they are fre . · Abother che,rL'\hed iil. titution whi h ha . tered is t~e Iron La)V " of up.rly snd d and. 1Q times of peace, 'school . f onomic though bav tri d to. im,Press tJte· work r with · the th ory f uppl and demand. With thousands of un mploy d at th a tory gates. wages haYe often h~ n k ·pt to th low-\ nt r . mark~because · supply · \vas great r than d and. But ·the war has called i:nu.ny of Britain's kill d workers to fight, and ~he pendulum of supply and d • mand ha~ swung O¥!!r with a bang. Employ rs and munition factory owners are r er-.ping hug profit . Their workers ·pat!"iotieally toil long hour to prodn munitions of war to help "their". country. But th y have sudden)y -seen the light. The long hour ar impairing their working ability and they " lay off" on day in seven for rest: . Because of this they·ar a ns d of" slacking" and of drunkenness, nnd th htlfly Dritish government is actually so anxious about th that they appoint investigators to provide means of pr . venting them from striking-or even takin_g .r est.' · Every dny lost, every hour wa~ted, menus I ss profits for the employers. The speed with .which th gov rn. ment has taken up the settlement of strikes is 11 r v lation to the world. The investigators for the government r lat d how several dock workers were shipped to a F r n •h post to relieve congestion in shipping, and on pay day, after a big week with ten hours a day s ven days a w k, many of these fellows got too drunk to work next day. They were sent back to Rngland and ~batch nt to continue the work. 'fhe11e were m n from th army. On pay day one lDJlD only imbil ed too fr ly. Ilc ot twelve months hard labor.. Therefore : Put the workers under military control . lak · them a part of the army, when to refu.e to work 1M ro mutiny. lsn 't that easy, eh f The theory of supply and demand hu been exp The Brit· h workers are being trieked ADJl tbe .Am rj,.. t"&D WO~ikel"S will he tricked the Mme way, Jiea f' mand and anty supply of labor will be by the incon rm·ertible argument of the bayonet point aOJl tht> imn law- ill be repealed hy the buJ.L rn Ho~ Much Longer Can She Feed Him? -Des • f olnes Register nnd Leader war,lhas been blown up, accompanied by the bitter lash• ing of their • ,omrad '' aero the bo.r ders. In aU the hl'lligt>N'nt e untri the eall to arms has found So··iali. t comrade lined up again teach other with murtl!'rou intent, aeh beli('vi.ng in hi own way that "his" t'O\lntry i in d ngt-r. Thl" plendid theory of international cl~ iut r · t ha proved toa, weak to r · 1h\' lm le tutlit1 note and too young to m the rn"hing torrent of inflaml'd race hatred. In R land th .r~ are face to face with hnin· these imes of , ir tioo w �.... 14 Tk:e Western Com-rade Wher~e Is th.e Hom-e? By lR \VIN T CKER "W 0 MAN 'S Place Is the Home" nms the ancient their ervice to the home. No matt r how extensiw slogan. True. And woman, seeking to take the mill or how intricate the enterprise, if it eann t IH: r place, looks around ·her and cries : "Where Is the · how that ultimately it will enrich .the living-room or HorneY" >- . repleni h_ the larder iCmust di olve and fade away. To most of the working women of the world, the • ervice ro life is the only plea on which any existing word is a mockery. They have no 'homes; But such as institutibn c~ endure. · have them, must be in full possession. If a wo~an's . .All f Urese things . enter int~ the texture of the realm is the l10me, it follows that she must reign in hotlle. Henee · woman, if she is to rule in her own phere, must control them all. Her children must have her· own r ealm. What is th e homeY To begin with there is the struc- cloth~s; it ·i~ part of her rule to see that ·they are good tur<· of the building in which the nest . is mad~. If clothes. The hom~ .must be lit, warmed and cleaned.· woman is to rule her own realm, she must control the Hence control of the light supply, fuel supply and house, and the land on which it stands. 'fhe propor - sanitary .pro\'jsions are part of her kingdom. tion of women of airy <:lass who now actually own the · · It is the mother 's duty to educate. The cbool is huilclinvs in which they live is infinitesimal. But be- the rdor.e a part of the· home. She must be empowered l'or·l· wonran can ruh· in her own rea'lm, she must haYe to s.ay what s-hall be taught her children, and under t l1 e say-so reg a r·ding both the building and the land. what conditions thev shall learn. • . I• ·woman is 1he pro1•idcr, the "loaf-giv.er," as the I£ any of these ,powers are lacking, woman i not · kaxons sai<l; th e nour·ish er. To rule in her own realm mistress·o£ her OWn kingdom- the home. slit· rnust c·ontrol the food supply. No longer is th e By po means except control of the municipal, food supply a thing or hl'r own manufacture. It comes rounty, and state governments, insofar as they a.ffect from marl<ets, gro~::c· r·i cs, dairies; it comes ·in cans, bot- het· sphere, .can woman be secure in her own place. In tlt•s and hox es. 'l'o f•ontrol her realm she must be able order that woman, w·h o is held responsible for the to <·ontl·ol sources of supply. She must be able to de- well-being of the _home, may live up to her responsi- · t<•l't and to punish adultcr·ation of food; she must be bility, she must wield these powers. Fot: our civilizaa hit\ to regulate quantity and price; else she is not ruler tion is so complex that at· every point the home conin her· own sphere. nects with the whole· stnJCture of society abo~t it. Jn Jicr·c is the place where lives are produced. All order to be mistress in one point, she must be a coour business and ~ndustry find their sole justification in ruler of all. . Mary Phagan Passes Judgment MARY WHITE 0\'INGTON in the New Republic about me, you men of Georgia, now Y OUthatcareI aamlotdead. You have spent thousands of dollat·s trying to learn who mutilated my body. You have filled the eolumns of your newspapers with the story of my wrong. 1 You have broken into a prison a.nd murdered a man that I might be avenged. Bnt why did you not care for me when I was alive? 1 was but a child, but you shut me out of the daylight. You held me within four walls watching a machine thnt era hed through the air Eml)('<;s)y wnt ehin~ n whining knife a it <>nt. a piece of wood. 1oi!'e fill· the plncr--noi e, dn t, ~nd Hte irkening smen of oil. I wish some of the thousands of dollars that you spent on the trial might have kept me in school, A r eal srhool, the kind you build for the rich. . I worked through the hot August days When you were bossing the girls, or shooting birds, Or lounging in doorways cursing the nigger ; And you never paid me· enough to buy a pretty dre,as. You sometimes spoke coarsely to me when I went to and from my work ; Yes, you did, and I had to pretend I liked it. Why did you despise me li ving and yet love me so now ! I think I know. Jt is like what the preacher told me about Christ: People hated Him when· Tie was a1ive, ~ut when He was 1lt>ad they killed man after man for Hi'l akt>. �T e Weste,- Co rad Part of Llano Community Dairy He.rd. a:t ¥ilklng Time • Community· Gro-ws tn Povver By R. K. W.ILLIAMS r.~~~'!!!!!!!!!!!!!~ ~ t ht• Llano del Hio Community grows in population its powe1· and influences int•l't•Hst•s in nil dirretions. H1mdreds of :;;;"\ 1·isit ors floc I< to Llano Pl'ery month and Ill'!' gi ,.,.n tlw fullest a ud fre est opportunit.v to inl·t·stigate every phase of the ~ g'l'PIIt PlltL'l'JH'iSP. 01', thmH• who 1·isit th e f'Olony a good pt•t't·t•ntll g-P nl'P pPl'sons who m·e t·nrnestly sPekiuf! an n ppor·tun it~' to gt'1 a way fr·om the com pl'ti til'e struggle. ~I or·t• 1hnn l7 JWI'matwnt rP~id ents took up tlw ir uhodt• iu Llnuo during tht• pr riod of August 15 to ~~· ptt• ml)('r 15. Tht· hotel is a busy place at ,": ... thP thrl'l' impor·t:wt l'l'll·ion of th e cla~, and 11101'1' tlmn 100 t'l'l!lllnr patrons sPat tht•msl'ln•s 11 1 t'lll'h nwnl now. A month a go the d ni ly :l\'Pt':ll!l' w n · nlum t 7;, t•olony w orkPr , 'l'ht• st·hool · h11 Ye hee n O(WtwJ witfl t:r; p upil ' w h i<"h 97 1\1'1' in t lw t•lt•lll l'nf:u~- g-t·:ulc. 25 k inderl!llrfNI Jllll ils and 1:.> high ehool ~. or stmh•nts ·us who was wit II last year ; l\liss Ramona J>ar·sons wil\ haYP charge of th e youngsters up to th • f ourth gru<l and ::\Iiss Grace l\L I m~e ll will take th e !P holat'H ft·om tlw fourth grade .up to high, 11s w ell as udmittiH(Pt' OV<I~ th e dompstic science d epartment 11no ~JoydH. Miss Parsons is an a ccomplish ed gymnas t awl t·eacltel' ol' swimm ing and if the weath<·r ('OIItinuek pl euHnnt nud war·m she will doubtl ess haw! an ardr·nt followin g of water dt•votrPs as this sport c·nn lw indnl ged in fr·ecly in tJw )nrge swimmin g p ool, whic h iR a n u tt r~ct iOtJ of tiH' l'Olony. )f rs. Prude nce Rtok es Brown , the• wc•IJ known <•du('atot·, who ha s !wen t a kin g a eout'H!' of p•·r·snrrnl i rr st rur tion nndl:'r th e far -fam ed Dr. MontPHf!ori I'or th e purpose of installing a Montessori lwhool twrc, ltrtH nrr iwd. Rfr p is aeeompa ni t>d hy )1 r11. A. Jfo n of P a a d en a a n d will bl'l!in work at 0111'1! this sp ecial depllrtm(lnt rJ. or tPaching. An immentw trm~k from Pa11ad ·nH., Joadc•d to til e• g~.um)H a ,. t' n w NtrollNl. T h ,, • t•hooL· will t ' 1hc uml.•r ('t'fit'i,•n nnml ~"l'IUNlt ~li." of ITeiNt R 1)·1 r. 1 r in.-it"ftl. , .' . c .:J witti hontH!l1old ·goods tnul otbf·r hf•lomz1og• ft•lJowPd tlwm in. T h e (· o I o 11 y Pommunity UJI· doubi1-1Jfy b a ,. }, t> 4' n f'fJMf•ht>d �16 The Western Comrade - Industrial Activity at .,..._ Scene at the Colony Brick Yard lmmen.st> Silo Under Censtmction Commonitf! �17 The Western Comrade no del Rio Community .. -· .. phs y pher Ranch Office at Llano Community ~- Lime Kiln ." . Benching Broom Corn at Llano �18 The Western Comrade ~--------------------~------------------------------------~----~---. The Town or Lia.n o Spreads Over Considerable Territory. h,v this g-alax y of teach ers .• V ery few communities of 'Which to. many . ~ol6nist!;; will be indeed surprtsmg. this sizP arc hlt>ssed with four such capable instructors. Speaki):rg .of possession • th Board found that cQn- · The J\lontPssori pupils are not included in the fore- ditions at .Jackson' Lake and at the Trout Hatch ry g-oing. No figures arc at present avai lable on the num- arc such that with very little labor and expen e both hPr' of little tots tha t will attend the Montessori system. can b e turned into 'attractive SllJ1lmCr and wintet• rel<'r·om Srptc•mht>t' 1 to September 15, 103 visitors sorts and ought. therefore ·to b et>om e good r evenu prolookPtl us over and many of them w er e so well satisfied ducers on aet>ount of their easy a ccessibility from the that tht>y joinrd anct will later com e in to stay, when south whe re many tourists . p end consider able time. tiH·y t'llll make arrangements on th e outside to do so. At both th ese places the scener·y is inspiring and the Improvements are noted a ll along the line. Th e air extremely t>xhile~·ating: ranch work is progressing wonderfully well and the In this connection th e county supN·visot·s have inbuilding nnd al'ts dPpartmPnts are cat ching up with dueled in th e proposed b'ud.get for· next mon t h 's el ctiH· prot·Pssion . Thr png mills :uHl· other brick ma- tion an appropriation to huild the srcnic highway t·h ir)('J'Y hH.Vt' ht>t' ll movPcl to th.c permanent townsite, th rou gh the San GHbric>l calJ,vons to the summit of t h e whit"it liPs ahout a m ile above the present site nnd · hig rangr, thellC(' down to point a mil e helow thP l'ar ovrrlooks thr far r·raches of thr shimmer:ing va ll e~· ­ f• olon~·'s lands. nt th e> LmkPl ea mp. Fr·oin this point 'l'hP wor·k is undP r' the r;harge of Chestc>r Page and his the roach,·n~· to the Lla no f•O mmunity will lw put in Pr't'W is r·c>ad,v to tur·n ont ))l'ick for· thr n ew sehoo! first-c· lnss (•ondition. This would r-;hor·ten the> distanpP. whil'h will lw our of tht> . fir:::t lmildin gs to h e rrc>cted lwt w PPn Los . \n gt>IPs and l;lano hy thit·ty-fi ,·c miloH. up on tht• nrw aud p r l'llurnent townsite. Substantial Anoth er· itPm in th e rourl'ty hudgPt is $75,000 t o work will he> sh0\\'11 011 this str'11Cture ana a g r eater f reJ- huild a road f rom Littl e Rot>k to 'Llano. This will he ing or. prr·manPncy will have heen implanted in th e a gr·pat hoon to the community and will go far· to solv henr·ts or tir e> stnrd,v onrs ~vho ha n• stayed through thl' the transportation problem. Th,, houlevard tlnough vieissitndrs of th r past 18 months. ~[int Can~·on is as. urrd and the sttrYey is under way. 'l'hr Bo::rrd of Rurvry, whi t>h is nothing less than :rn Thus tlw ro mmunity is assured of splendid r oads to inventory or effi. a ll its important cit'nt>y hoat·d has eonnecting points. made nt carf.'ful At present, good and painstnking meal'> ar·e b ing survc3r and pre"r e d at ih~ sents nn elahor·at<' Hatchery Inn, nnreport. that is con . · cler Ow manage,.. strtJCt iv <' a nd r easmrnt of Chef suring in every )fandel. ThP ehef way. It may iht> attends to the Wl'll to quote orne walrlli of his of the things that :mesh; in true tht>y have found. ( ' h e t e rfieldiun a r" �T e e eTa Go "tyle aDd the menu • mo~e than ordinary. Roe mountains mrround this plaee so tha tra tht"Dl will add ze&t to the ker after pie e 8Jld health. The c.-olc;ny owns 160 aer there. This place ilf the fiQUr~e of the Big Rock Creek. - Pellucid ater tmiJ11 and hubbies up in various plaees out of blaek earth dena(!all and runs in all directions till it mee in nrH· t-eJmmon (.-Urrent and drop down a stur . fall at the root or a giant tree. Path have b n eut thrmudt thc! tanglt:d ma s of v;.,.etation and tree fwnelwH and ro11tic seats have been placed in charming nookH, HO th;~t nt c\·ery turn the yj itor is urpri ed at HOtnl~ new lwuuty.. ~I any days .can be pent here without tirin~r · the air, sky and mountain spelling a wonchouH f•llnrm. ' 'l'h1• Board finds that the ':'.Iescal. waters, which is a pnrt of fh e estatt>, e 11 11 l1r .inC'reas~d wt·y mu !' h !Jy ttmuellill g into the hills a nd i uto th e f1oot· of .fac·lu10n Lal<e. To tnauy this will he a pl(•ar;ing snrprise as it op ens nn•nues for rut Ill'(' d r\'rlopment. Hc•t·r nrr some rrry intPr'c•sting data of th e possrssions of th .olony ot the pr· o;ent t iw : 'l'wenty. ix nd b houses Llano Girls' Tennis tu• omplrted · nine n a r 1y romp1eted, thnt is nwniting 1•oof ; fou r·teen frame houses, occupied h~· f'nmilies: eight rnnch hou es; 78 tent houses; twelve muni ipal t('nt or· tran ient quartet·s containing from one t fi\' h d each ; one large warehouse tent· two hol I ; fh-1' baru ; three blaek!Smith hop. ; one horse hnrn und<'r c n truction; one cow barn under construetim• : liE' offi buildiug under con truetion on the tempm·nry sit : on bakery n aring completion, eapahle or holdin~ 170 I 11\'C nt one time. One ilo, 25 by 3l f'''''· 300-t(ln ('apndty. almo t completed but now ready to h(• filled. 'l'hi ilo i of permRnent con truction and madt• of N.'nwnt bloek : ne olarium, or bath hou e ; t~ o rnhhitrit~ 7 by 72 feet and 7 by 6 feet. The no nd IH1 rt't'Omm nded additional buildings for the r~thhi • n, folio ne building, 7 by feet_ eontninin~ 1.: Jmtd• and for the . mana oek. which are 11ow on Jmnd, an a.dob building 25 by 'iO feet_ .An <\'\nt~. :. t mpt will be made to tart extra l1"ildi~ ~ :.t :m ~rly da e. D~\'f')Opnl~nt i Oll'll in tbe poultry d partml:"o - ,. home : An addi~ion wit ' r ently mud whi l1 i Rwi, goat hloodAd Rtoclt, !11 al s. Throt1gh th constant nr lind hnrd worl oe .omrndo J1uton ond his enrn at h th!! supply o and hutt :r do foil tit rolony. lp r ,. milk n J;ong 11 ~loUJ·s, pati' n , hard worl< Ell' requi8it 14 of 11. su e ssful dairy herd. :F'ew people r ealize how thing11 11.r don until and Bas.Jretball Club they actually behold the proceHs. Dairyrn n 11.8 n rul are seldom thought of •xc pt when t h supply of il or butter runs low. · A surpris will h in Htor for any visitor or colonist not familiar with tltis work · to go tl\rough the motions of being a. dairyman for a week or so. _ The r anch has 6 good 8trong hor84! . G. Burdick, head apiarist, is now handling ov r , tands of bee in the colony, flO t.bat honey ill an v day delicacy upon the. tables of the eoloni8 IJ n4 t hoteL veral tons of hooey are on lt.and. A po:rtioD of the honey i being u ed for preserving pur,p Comrade Knobbs, wbo ha tbe garden tn ella~ e, witb a large eorps of ru ·slants, ill liv ri.og •h h vel!t'tab)e to the bomPs and hotel daily. .AJJ I1Mt8 of :nelon are de)i,·ered in abundanu and njoyed thor. ongbl~T by e\"eryofll'. A ton of tof48UJa m-e 00 takPn eare of daily and flOOD. (l8D]Ilng wiJJ .tut in ('ltrn . u well u drying in ordt'l' to make a new rr· •fl' �20 The Weste .r n Comrade soup delicacy. In the Survey 's report, farm imple- and each ~ave a · nice little talk, complimenting the ments galore were inventoried, such as wagons, plows, colonists upon their solidarity, oneness of purpose and· stackers, wheel cultivators, listers, buggies, harrows, upon the immense showing made upon these 'tands <lur~ mowing rakes, scrapers, seeders, wheelbarroyvs, ha.ttd ing the past year and a half. All gave a cordilll invitools etc. tation to attend the Lancaster fair to be held some time Another sub.head notes road scrapers; bean sepa- in October. It has been determined to accept the invirator, sawmill, ditching plows, cream separator, ha~ . tatio~ and in consequence the hidies of th.e colo~y. are balers, harnesses of all sorts and sizes. Three auto getting their :wits ~together to make a g<,>od showing trucks and four automobiles are noted. of the .arts ari.d crafts of that elell\ent. From the agriAmong the miscellaneous property mentioned for cultural end of. tn:e 'ranch will go exilibits of f~its, the usc of th e colony is the following: Swimming pool; vegetables, irnd from the dairy some of the herd. temporary hand laundry,' 17 boats, two ~pool tables, Other exhibits will inchide: pigs, chickens and rabbits. five barber; c h ~irs. two pianos, creamery and full Withdut d.oubt this will be made an occasion of some equipment, up-to-date library and reading roolll, cir- moment as a r~~l fine display can be made from this . cular wood saw, planer, band saw, two power concrete place. When it is considered that but less than 18 mixers, block molds and 200 pallets, bath tubs, lava- months ·have . elapsed ·since the present managers of · tories, sinks, big supply of plumbers' supplies and the coJony ha,ve 'taken · hold of this project, the detools, fully equippr.d tin shop and supplies, harnrss velopment .is truly woU:derful. It is complimentary, to · shop, shoP shop, cabinet shop and big driH press. say the .least;· tlilit Llano .community should be invited There is about 250 tons or more of alfalfa in stacks to show its products, foJ.' it is a tacit recognition that . and approximately 250 to aoo cooperative efforts ar·e superior tons of alfalfa and corn still un- !!li!IDIIUIIIIHIIIIIUIIIIIIIImnillliDmUIUIIIniiiiiDIIIUmiU111111DIIIIIIIIIIIIIItiUmn11DUIDIIIIHIIIIInii1111JIIIIImi."'UIIIOI~IIIHm1~ '. to indi v'idual competition. for C'ut whieh is to be used to fill what farmer, un:ld8d, could bethe ' silo for ensilage. gin to ·make an agricultural or Earth is Enougfi Thr. following is data for stock showing in less than five By Edwin Markham those interested in things hortiyears ? cnltnral. Ou th e Young place There is. no a·b atement in The men of Earth have here the stuff Of · ParadisP.. We have enough! there are twenty acres in pears · ·in~erest or the atte.n dance at W e nerd no other stones to build and on the Bixby ranch twenty the Saturday evening · dances. Th~> Temple of the Unfulfilledacres; 15 acres of assorted The music being good, the floor No other ivorv for the doorsfruits on th e Henneburg place, is · hpt constantly full .and No other ma~ble for the floorsthe present site of the club when Comr·ade · Ste~vart, the No other· cerlar for the bemn And -dome of man's immortal drE?am. house and twenty acres of asfloor manager, gets busy with sorted fruits on the ' Tigh !man l1is quaint language architecllrre on the paths of every dayranch, grapes, etc. The ahove ture and his good hr~morea Herr on th e eommon human way assures plenty of fruit, when ls all th e stuff thr gods would take manlrandling, things get lively 'l'o build a hcan ' n, to mold and make fully matured, for quite a popuindeed. The folks that danced Nnw f~de nf'. Om·s thr stuff sublime lation. 'l'he nursrry has ready the old-fashioned things years To build Eternity in time ! for planting in the E pri~g 21,000 ago arc strong friends of Stewapple and pear trees ; 2500 art for he carries them back to strawberry plants; 2500 black'' ol ' Missouri '' with his singin~r berry ; 800 black wnlnut ; 1000 black locust for the C'aJ.ling, and the tintinabulation of the music's rhythm townsite ; 100 rhubarb plants; and 7000 grape cuttings, gives reluctant feet the t erpsichorean urge. all foil spr·ing transplanting. One-quarter acre of peaJ.~uther Burbank says: "Every .ch ild should have nuts arr showing up finely. mud-pies, grasshoppers, waterbugs, tadpoles, mudMany thousands of feet of a.ll sorts of lumber, di- turtles, elderberries, wild strawberries, acorns, chestmension nnd otherwise, ready for transportation to the nuts, trees to climh, brooks to wade in, water-lil'ies, colcny, lies at Palmdale. When this arrives intense woodchucks. bats, hutterAies, various animals to pet,· activity will begin and an early complete housing pro- hay firlds, pin e cones. rocks to roll, sand snakes, hucklegram will be started. Conditions are favorable, in- hcrries and hornets; and any child who has been dedeed, that all will be comfortably housed, or living priYrd of these has been deprived of the best part of comfortably at the hotel and club house before much his rducation .. , So they should. The Llano Comcold or inclement weather arrives. mmiity kids havr all this and in addition they have Recently the colony was favored with a visit of the Advantage o_f a new order of social life and as urr.~ancaster fair boosters. There were five in .the party ance for the future. �The Wester n Comrade 21. OUr ·wonderful School second Montessori School in the of CaliT HEfornia, under public school management, bas been Sta~e bel's philosophy of education. I further beli~ve that Froebel, in his sincere search for means and measures oprned at Llano del Ri·o Col~ny. for ~e-vel9ping t he whole child-.-body, mind and soulThis Montessori School did not spring up in a d~ would, were he here today, be the first to recognize his or· a week; it has been five months developing, and this grea.t ideal for childhood embodied in D~.. Montessori 's is its story up to date. method of sci~ntif\c pedagogy. Llano del Rio Colony wants the best education pos' ' Froebe~ was .p re:eminently a philo opher, a prophet sihiC' for its children, and to this end they are looking and seer-.:.be saw in :the ~oul' of man potential perfo r public scho.ol teachers that crave an opportunit.y fe ti<!P 'and .prophesied ·.th:at the destiny of man is. to to work upon the most progressive· lines. Last April, become .consc\ot of his divinity and to r eveal this inI.lano del Rio secured the interest and co-operation ner completeness· in s If-determination and freedom.' of P rudence Stokes Brown and engag~d her services " Froebel yearned and 1!1-bored to evolve and defor the kindergarten department. velop ·a· method 3,nd a 'logical sequence of materials that' ::\Irs. Brown has for ' twenty-five years been a most would give the child fr ee, spontaneous self-expression. progressive and enthusiastic kindergartener. She bears ~Tuc h o~ th!! method and many of the materials. have th•· distinction of having initiated and taught the first long be~n abandol}ed by even his most devout followpuhlic sc hool kindergarten in the State of Calfornia. ers, but th e spirit and purp0se of Froebel 's life and Ll ano del Rio people thought they wer e most f~rtunate work ·will abide forever. Educators and would-be in st•r uring l\1 rs. Brown 's services and educ~tors have tirelessly labored to dis:II rs. Brown considered Llano del Rio . cover and create materials t hat would harmonize wi.th the wonderful insight an ideal place in which to establish th e ki ndergarten that would prove that the _of Froebel : that . t he child is a selfPo ueation of th e head, heart and hand active, self-determining being, and \\'as no vague dream of Froebel 's. · the~efo~e must educate himself. EYPry step possibl e was being taken to " I, .for one, have grown gr.ay followfat· ilitate thl.) organization of a summer ing Froebel 's spirit wit h rad iant enh rde rgarten in Llano, when Dr. Monthusiasm; . sure at ever y step t ha-t his philosophy was absolut~ly: correct; and !Pssori arrived in Los Angeles and offt•rpd a four months' course in her that t he carrying out of Froebel 's phinwt hod of scientific• pedagogy. Mts. losophy was the only salvation of the Hr·own was eager to take the course of · ~ hild. At last I sit at the feet of Dr. ~fontessori serenely confident t hat she this gr·eat doctor and the Llano del Rio has found t.'he method of self-education rommunity, true to the spirit of progLlano Montessorlans for the child. rPss. responded to her request for a "l\fy only pang of sorrow now is tbat lf'a 1·c of absence for the purpo<ie of studying with Dr. Montessori. The four months have all kinde rgarteners inspired by the spirit of Froebel passed and with them all of Mrs. Brown 's old enthusi- arc:> not here to Sf!e what I see and hear what I hear. '' Ther·e i ~ much that is like Froebel 's plan in garden asm for the Froebelian Kindergarten. A Mnntessori Sr· hool, pure and simple, now takes the place of the ar1d plastic play and work as well as in t.he games of kindergarten with 1\frs. Brown, and the Llano del Rio . ense, t he beauty and order of the surroundings is the propJJ accept the change with the enthusiasm of Mrs. same in the Montessorj method as in Froebel 's. .T he Brown and will have the second Montessori School in ca re of pets is consid ered essential by both, but the tlw State of California. Mrs. Brown states her views house of childhood is a much closer connection with the home life of the child than the kindergarten deof this new system in the following words: '' After nea~ly . four months ' close observation of signed by Froehel. The materials have been reduced · th,, daily exercises of a demonstration class in the Mon- to the minimum of simplicity and necessity by scientific IPssori method ·as well as four months of regular lec- experiment. They have been quantitatively and qualilllre work on the technique, science and psychology of tatively determined to suit ~he age and stage of dethis method under Dr. Mon-tessori, I am under a most velopment of children f rom two and..one-half years to dPvout nnd ard nt conviction th~t tlie Montessori six. No confusion exists here for the child- no weary• (Continued on Page 30) mrthod of education is in absolute accord with Froe- 'a s �22 The Western Comrade A Remarkable Prediction By COUNT LEO TOLSTOY L go TOLSTOY made a remarkable prediction shortly before his dl'ath. This was written at the reque t of the Hns21an Czar and is said to .have made a deep Impression on Nicholas, who sent it to the Kaiser. Aside from the discrepancy in dates the propehcy thus far se$!!ls to have been wonderfully fulfilled. The cover page o( this issue i engraved from a painting made several years ago by William R. ·walker and is here reproduced for the first time. T liE "'·•·nts. whir·h 1 here 1·eveal are of a universal r·ltarad••J' ar1tl must shortly come to pass. "l ~ee . tlw l'onn of a woman floating upon the_ sea of human l';d•· . .\'ations msh madly after her, but she only toys with "a..t1. ll 1·r· diamonds aud rubies ~rite her name ·'('onJnwr"ia li-;nt. " "\llur·in:~ ~ and bewitching she _,,.,.nrs. hut d<'strudiou and ageuy follow in her wake. II t·r hn·at h r·<'~·ks of sordi d t nrusactions; her voice is JJJI'!:tllit· in l'!,ar:ll·lt·J· and h c·r look of grrcd is as so nJJir·lt poison to thf' n ations who fall victim to h er •·l•:J J'IJJ s. ~l11· t·arr·ips a loft thrrP torches of universal ·oJTIJfll io1r: oJJ<· n·pn·st•ntiug- wa1·, onp higotry and li,vptwris_,.. ;JJHI 1111· third law, that d;.mgerous foundaII OJJ or nil llllalllill'llli•· traditions. The great eonflag-ralion will start about 1912. s1·t hy the first tor·ch, in !Itt· t·OIIJJ1ril'o; or soutltt•ash·rn Europe (Turl>ey, Italy, H1d g-aria. ~t·rl'i<J. t•lt·.l. It will dt•I'Piop into a destruelil·.. t·;dalllit~· in 1!11:!. I st'P Europ t> in flamrs and hl eedin~. <IIJd lit•ar· !lit• larllt'lltations of h11g-c battl efields. But Hho11t tiJo• .' 'Par· 1!1].-, a str·an~~t· tig-urP Pnter·s the stage of the h_loody dram a. He is a man of little milltari t ic trajning; but he w.ill hold most of Europe iu hi grip till 1925. He .is. already walking the cat·th, a man of affair~: A mu ion is assigned him by a supet·ior power. There is mar·hed a new political era for the Old World; no e~tpircs ' and kingdoms. but the whole world . will form· a Feder·ation of the CnitPd States of Nations. After ]92:.> I see a chang'! in religious sentiments ; th!' fall of tlrl' Chu1·eh and the detline of the ethi~:al idea. Th-Pn a grrat r<·for·m hegins. It will lay the corner·-stOJ.lC of the Temple of I atheism. God, Soul, Spirit antl imm0rtality will hr moltPn in a new fur·n~tce and \,·ill prpparr the wa~' for th e pracel'nl beginning of a 11e.11' ethi ral era. Political and religious disturbances Iran• shaken the spi r·itual foundations of all nations, hut I see Nt~h growiug wiser. 1 see the passing show of the world-drama fade lik•• th e glowing of evening upon the mo~mtains , and with ouc motion of the hand of "COmme r cialism.' a m·11· histor·y hegins. Peace or War? · ~ By A. E. BRIGGS S ilALT.J it he peace or wad \Y p are in the balance. HoosevPlt says wt· must tight to "preserve our honor." lJ c· dot•s not compute the "cost." He says "wa r· ;!t any 1)1'in•." The price is the !ires of the workin g l'IH~s of thl' nations to the conflict. Some011<' has " insultrd " us: Sfmd out a million innocent 11·ork!'rs to kill a million innocent workers of another nation m· h r killl'd. Vitlicate "our honor, " in the coin of the hl.ootl of th e worket·s. All Emope ha;, goon•• iusane and in its insanity it has uot t'l'l'n " r esp ectt>d the rights of Americans. " Brin g (\!1 the ~uns. Rriug on the working men. Bring on tht• mat·hint>ry of drath. Go to it, yon workers. Go in to th r month. of the cannons you haw made for your indn<>tr·inl ma!':trrs:. Tt is your "duty." You are "pntJ·iot .. , Yom Jill rioti m that lead you to laughter wa made h~· tlw owner.· of munition factories where the ~un. were made that willltill you. Your "patriotism" l'On. i. t<> of flag-worship and Roo eveltian screams. It i "fir·e<'rllckPr pntrioti. m." It is"my country, right ~ · or wrong. .. l (is the "patr:iotism " that has bathed the past in blood~ de!';troyed that for which it is sup· posrd to stan . It is the "patriotism" that, if not ciYilized and. chr stianizcd and modernized al}d edu· <'atcd, will leave the world, once more, one vast wilderness. Whnt is the remrdy~ Do you want a remedy! To· r emove the cause of war is the remedy. The cause of all war is gain or profit. So long as we have individualism will we have war. So long a. we Ji,·c ·under a system that makes every in· di,·icual under it an industrial enemy of every other. will we havl' war. The alternative of war is collectivism. ·T he alter· natiw of war is indu<>trial democracy. The alternati ve of war is thE> economics of Christ. The alternative of war is . ocialism. Is th<' prie <' too high T There is but one price for prat>e. The writer is "for peace at any price. " Let those who would not pay the price go to the frnnt :. Lrt them forget e\T<'ry ideal that accidentally �found way to their brains: Let them attend the Bag too hlgh to pay for peace 1llld for univa-Sill brothel'hot~d t exercise and worship the ymbol, the emblem, the idol, Never kilif o, nev~r, except in -d~n: e O.f ()Ul' a~; does thf' pagan. lives. If men eome to· our land to rob an!l kill us. w The price you will pay for peace .will be the sur- have no ehoice and we must defend ou:rsel g- ins r··nd£>r of the privil~ge to 1..-111. The price yon will pay murderous man we mu t defend our elv · , a gllln t for peace will be the surrender of military taxes. The . murderous beasts. price you will pay for peace will be the surr~r of The time-~orn b II of war . nov · head 'i · funeral murder and of carnage and of waste and of hatred march. .Jt i ilent, let u hope, forev r. The twentieth and of a blaek heart and of death. · Do you want to Pf!Y Ct'ntury·.beU i ringing for p ace, for broth rhood, :for th• priee 1 Are you not conYinced tht>re is no price sol}dari~, for co..operatjon for th economic of hri t. Speak, What Thin·k ·· ye of the War? . By ER R EST DESLA l' LER~ of nati ns, from thy throne cast down Th.v statl.Jy rohr, thy scepter and thy crown, Humhlin gs of diseontPnt cause t hee to frown. Th.\' eit.iz(•ns, wilt thou dar·e ignore? Spt ·:t k, what think y c• of the war·! :\n· thy (•dii'ts, the hcr·itage of kingly dower ? Otr,.,. not thy royal hirth as token of thy power, !\nr hail thy divine right from yon palace tower . TIJ,. dignity of thi nr offirl' cannot overawe, SJwnk, what think ye of the war! D Ye soldiers,· -with gun and swords anaycd, Ready to · kill thy victim undismayed; Fiirich 'not, lest authority upbraid. Art thou exaited .to shed thi gore t Speak, what think ye o·f. the war! Ye niothe.r s· and babe", who are ever d ar, Bid th~m strength of hea rt, kiss 'way all fear; Dost thou consider some ber~ft woman 's tear 7 .Arouse thy ·t endcrnt>sR we now implore. Speak, what think ye' of th.e war I Stanrl up, yc statesmen at our command ; Is th e mandate held within thy hand To brin g despair thr·ongJJOut the land ? Why sanctio11 this r rign of man-made law YRpt>ak, what think ye of the war! Ye populace- know· y~ not ye have th might 'l'o cry halt upon this blo<;>dy sight ? · Why look on und is~urbt>d, as if to show delight 7 Does a stupor permeate thy core 1 f-lpeak,· what . think ye of the . war! Yr priests and preachers of earthly realm oruained, Who with Cro~s and Bool< hl ess battl efi eld, now stained " 'it h blood of the rlead, the dying and maimedIs this th e God ye would adore? ~Jwnk. whnt think yc of th e war! \\'hat . lovill¥ God would e'er proclaim Chnos· i'n hff own domain 1'ill p erft>ctrd souls <'tlll hut remain 7 Ts this the rul<· of Christian lore? Rpt>ak, wl1at wills this co. mic war! Yt> mystic nnll devotee, who knet>l daily at thy shrine- Y e star·s, whif·h r rflrct to earth f'ach night y., sluggn rd of Yile estate who in luxury repine : Ye Rtm, a s;vmhol of a greater LightThe increase of th~r wealth betrays a marked decline: () God, 1hou dost revrnl to us thy might. Prophets, eer , and dreamers galore, . Tn suppliration, we wait at li eaven 's door. ~pt•ak, what think vr of the war! f-lpeak, what think Yf' of the war I I . Picturing Our Hero wt'. gladly pr:e ent to reader the I ;\ latet hist istrtw-to-hfe portra1t of Amerrca '. forf'ml)·.· \H' ot~r fi\!h ting mnn. Jum.Jum i hown on page ix. in a nnf! Nl y po . th('wed like an Avrock hull and tuskt'd like tht' g reat c:we bear. H ere " " ee. thank . tn tht> kill o,f that f'minent arti t and ~ocif'ty fan~ritf', R<>bf'rt ~Iinor, tlrl' ruo t t'minent troglo?yte in hi.· lair. n<~tu r·al / gnawing with gu. to aml ~uttera] growl the gre n kull slain on the plains of Pla!tsburg. Wi tn~>s. his j oy a'! hr mumbles the bon and grist le!f and joint!! of thr frf'sh · slain pacifist from Pas aic or Po.lunk • re in tl.f' open corui'tenance pictured here thr f·unnin~ :md f'raft of one wJ.:!o wiJI eVe'l' stand f'11st against Chfnnfyin!!' of our glorious republic.-A. 1\f. or :nnanyco<idlc ju. t �The Western Comrade 24 I Hope-And a Car! KNO\V there's a car for me somewhere Which is coming to make me as free as air; To swing and swoop . from place to place And take a turn at setting the pace. No longer to climb with draging feet The Jo ~g long pull to Outlook street, But thr·ow in tlie clutch and soar aloft LikP a b_ird halaneed on 'pinions soft. Pictures for Propaganda ~:~hoot Capitalism. ·· I r·i-;<• with the dawn to try· my car •t -With .a :Stereopticon Whieh will dash away with its rhythmie jar To fill my soul with space and light 'Er1· T shut myself in for the daily fight • For dollars- or rents; the right to li \'(! \\'ill Ita,.,. soml' mPaning when mus,.J ps !!iVP. To tlw r•liJ'I'I'~ and jolts of the mountain pass (~uit,. lll'yond reaeh to ffil' now, alas! Anyone . can · lectu:re · with the aid of pictures; t hey tell t.h e story, you point out t he moraL Pictures draw a crowd where other mea~s fail. They make your work doubly effective, We tell ·you bo'v to get the greatest results at the least expense. Send stamp for complete :information. t\ nd t hPn at nig ht. whC'n WOt'k is 3493 Eagle Street . doni' \\' ith sonwonr, tlw right one, full of fun A ntl tPnd l' t' SWC'PtnPss we '11 glide along W Otlf'll hy th P o~:NITl 's agr-long song. And rhttt f'or II house and lot y Oh, no! F'or· a higgrr c·ar in which to stow 'l'hC' stridl y \)CC'rlfnl, a kitchenette, A n<l th r n--the hey of the fields, you lwt ! -A. C. A. The Hellishness of War 1 In u protest against the alleged mistreatment of Japanese in Germnny, Bar·on Chinda says the Nipponese wer·e thrown into prison and kept there without r egard to class. This is ten·ible! Awful! It emphasir.es thl' hellishness of war. Why not nwr·e]y impri on the working (•lnss 1 The member·s of the working class 11re inured to hardships, and jails wouldn 't hurt them-but the oth er elass should be shown some con ideration. ' That which a man makes or produees i his own, a again t all the world-to enjoy or to d stroy, to use, to ex hange, or to g ive. No one el e can rightfully claim it, and hi exclu ive r ight to it involves no wrong to anyone el e. '- Henry George. W: SCOTT LEWIS Los Angeles, California Socialists Attention ! In order tq place a copy of our catalogue of union-mad-e goods in the hands of every reader of The Western Comrade, w~ will send postage prepaid, on receipt of FIFTY CENTS, .one of our genuine sheepskin-leather card cases BE~G THE UNION LABEL. This card case contains four pocket&, one large for bills and papers, one for your dues-stamp book, and two with transparent windows for union membership cards. This Ia the ONLY CARD CASE on the market made by Organized Labor and bearing the union label. . It Is no longer necessary for a class-conscious Sociallst to be Inconsistent. · Send fifty cents in stamps or money order. -MUTUAL UNION TR.ADING COMPANY (The only exclusive union label mercb&ndlaera) ( Owned and m&naged by members of the worklnz elaaa) 9 Boa rd- f Trade Court, CHICAGO, ILLS. �The We s tern Comrade . 25 Teasing Tad J i\'EVER st~e a pollywog, _\ouin:r in a cr·eek, " nhaque:ons potential frog, But unto him I squeak: n protoplasmic tadpole,. why YOUr pPS!';imist.ic air ? .\ surTPptitious glance at I Sh ould wean y ou from despair.'' 1 slyly pokr him in t he rib, "\nd say : "We twain, we might ll•· quasi-cousins, ch, Amphiblou" Prt>-Adamite '! " - E. d '.O. Offense of a Fence! . "'JOliN SEHG E~ came to his death· as th e r rs ult of a bullet fired fro111 h,·hi nd th e ferlce of th e Tide" ;il<·r· Oil pl ant in Bayonne, in the h;tnd or ha nds of per·sons unknown.". - Coroner's verdict in the dered ~t riker. ~a se of a mur - Tbis statement that th e fence was itt t lr P hand or hands of p et·sons unknown is not r epr·inted to show a s;llnpi P of the pmity of English as , <t,· is spoke a ntl writ in New .Jcr·sey. Th•· mea ning of th e jury is clear. lt l 'll'« nt to sav t hP fenc·e was in th<• ha nd or ha~d s of persons unidenti . fi t•d hv th em. .-\t ~ur age it requires little ·to remind us of a stor·y : :-:ome Indiana patriots erected a fLtg-staff, rove halliat·ds and hoist Old (;]( rv to the neak. A vandal awaited •·o 1·r~ of the 'uigh.t and stole the t extil<· fabri c. An indignation meeting fo llowed. The town patriarch made tlw great sprcch and his perot·ation w a ~: · ' I say if any man · or men shall haul down the flag or flags he shall ht• shot to death on the spot or spots ' " - G. E . B. · Wait, But Don't Stop! \\'hen you get a prospective subsq ·ihcr· for '!'he \Vestern Comrade r·•·a<: hing for· his weaselskin pockethook, kerp aftet· him and get him ou onr of our combination offers. II •· needs the American Socialist, l't·a rson 's :\fagazine, the :Milwaukee llail:v Leader, the Mexican Revolt. ( ;d him on one or all combinations. :\lake the deal and send the postnffire money order. W e will back you up. This is an opportunity to do some good propaganda work and to · ~: i re impetus to the movement which · )' Qll have so near to your heart. REVOLT IN M..EXICO . - · Read the Correct 1nterpr,et~tion of Underlying" Motives in the · Most..Remarkable and: Valuable Book of .the Year The· .M exican People,;.- . Their S,tr~ggle · for Fre.e dom ·-B1- L, Gutie~ez . de. Lara and Edgc\unb Pinchon • ••• Eug.e~e V. :nebs says: "• ··•· • It is written from the point of view of the working clal!s, the tillers of the soil, the producers of the wealth, and shows that through all these centuries of toil and . tears an4 blood. and martyrdom they have been struggling for the one purpose of emancipating themselves frow." ..the tyranny of a heartless aristocracy, buttressed on the one hand by the Roman Church and. on the other by the .military power." ••• Georgia Kotsch says: '' • • • It strips the glamor of benevolent motives from the dealings with Mexico of the United States and other countries and presents the stark truth that · American and world capitalism has· been, and is, in league against the proletariat of Mexico for its own sordid interest. And while the Mexican master class is depicted as the most depraved. and bloodthirsty in history, the Socialist will see that the story of the Mexican· proletariat is in greater or: less degree and in varying circumstances the story of the proletariat in every country:" ••• Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Price $1.50 We will send you this book and The W esterft Comrade for one year for $2.00 �The Western Comra de 26 Hell For Its Makers PEARSON'S is the only Magazine of its kind This is why:T hree years ago Pearson's decided to be a free magazine. This is what it did:ABANDONED FANCY COVERS CUT OUT COLORED PICTURES ADOPTED PLAI :-l PAPER This was the puryose:A plain form would enable the magazine to live on its 1ncome from subscriptions and monthly sales. It would not have to consider the effect . on advert isers when it wanted to print the truth about any public question. T his was the result:Pearson's now prints t he truth about some question which affects your welfare in every issue. It prints/acts ... which no magazine that depends on advertising could " afford ' ' to print. And, with all this, Pearsonsstill prints as much fiction and entertainment articles as other magazines. If you want plain facts instead of p retty pictures buy a copy on the news stand for 15 cents, or subscribe by the year for $1.50. By special arrangement with Pearson's we are able to make you the following clubbing offer. You can get bott. PEAR SON' S MAGAZINE and T H E WESTERN COM RADE for one year by sendi ng $1.50 (the price of Pearson'• alone ) to (Continued from Page 12) out life and no law has been broken. 1\fERL-No. It hall be worst'. CAPT. P E RKINS-Then is my CAPT. PERKIN (awed )punishm~ to be very severe ·wor se! (Again· throws .himself nt M:ER.L-1 think there are one· or the feet of Mer!.) . Tell me! 1- I two ot her s here in hell w4ose pun- must know- now ! God I Is th er~ ishment is a trifle worse;. but. -for no way out I . t he most par t it is..a terrib_le or'deal. MERL (laughs ) -You did not CAPT. PERKINS (frightened) h ~sitate to punish those Turks - -'-Can't I do some_thing to get out ·CAPT. PERKINS-Yes-yeso.f it 1 . yes, I know- but I did not know " MERT-There is nothing to do. , then-1 did not understand..-bnt CAPT. PERKINR (going to his . now-cannot God help ? knt>es )-T will give you a thousand 1\fERT.;-Not now ; it is too lak po unds sterling-·· . CAPT. PERKINS (echoing l ~fERJ , ( wavin~· him aside )Too late ! ~lo rwy r·an 't buy salvatiOil from ::\1ERT; (pulls him again r oughly hell ! · · · to his feet ) -Come! (M'erl stamps CAPT. PERKINS (clutching twice. 'l'h e six devile enter.) Sh'ow ti~ht the coat of l\Ierl )-God, yes! · Capt. P erkins to his punishm ent. CAPT. PERKTNS- 'reU me, first: . !t must! TRke everything I have.! .\ly houw in England! ·l \fy for.tune ! what it is! (The devils seize him and he str-uggles to . free himself.) ( .\lf•rl laughs sai·castically. ) ('APT. PERKI NS-Take my ?lfElUJ-You-shall- (Capt. P er. fami ly! ~ ry 'vife and daughter~! kins listens dejectedly) face your ~par e me! T- I- - ( breaks down mnrd er·ed three thousand and eterar tcl sobs ) . nallv and forever write on a wall ~ I EHI.; (pulls him r oughly to his in ietter·s of blood these words:· fp pt i -Get up! Your punishment' ."J MURDERED YOU! I .MUR. In,·nits. DERED YOU!" (Capt. P erkins ( 'APT. PERKINS-God! (Sobs. ) swoons and is carried out, and the \\'hat is it 1 What am I to do ? rrackling laughter of the. six devils ~lEHL -Follow! (Leads way to is drowned amidst the groans and 'iid1• stag1'. Capt. P erkins follows, shrirks of the victims who greet dPjrd t'rl l!nd broken in spirit.) th r m with their prey off stage. The ('.\ PT. PERKINS (drawing hack , noise dies down. Merl standing ag-ain fright~ned )-No! Not with with arms folded smiles in sar casm tlrt> r·lrrg.v-I don't get thei r pun- afltl norls his head in delight. ) islrmrnt ? (CFRTAIN) Rights vs. Power HAT does a right get you }liss Flynn announces she will when you haYe not the power hring suit against the city. Chief of Polirt> Bimson pnt it straight and The Western Comrade to hnc:k it up? 923 H I GGINS BLDG. P ower brings tht> rights and t•n- without a quibble when he said: LOS ANGELES, CALI F. "You may have the right to speal, forre them. Abstract '' acred ''. •·igbts of citizens are nuJlified by but' we have the power to pre-vent ya.1: W ell put and true. the mt-anest lowbrow elubswinger THE JONES BOOK STORE Elizahrth puts in many tellin!! that walk a beat. If vou don't be226 \\' t->'t t'irst St., Lo Angele , Cal. llt"adqnnl"lt>r·s for the be t ocialist lit>Vt> it go out dres ed-like a work- 1irks for thr workers. She has donf ing man and try to exercise your :1 ·world of good and we admire hook~ ami litt>ratmre. a ... rerl inalit>nahle rights of frt>e her-BPT)lis-:~ Ji'JVlm hf"liPVPR "in threct ar· pee ·h at any point that i made INS:uRANCE t~on-so !lo Wf', an of us. She hf· taboo by plutouatie poweF. F ire, Life, Accident , Llahlllty Eliza!, th Gm-lev :F1.-nn reeen Jv lievt> 'in i.! so strongly that >~he A u tomobile, Etc. a:e.s.t Comp.anle... Lo,west Rates overlook . ne:;dll'c-t jf not . corms thf ltmrll exl'ent-Dt pr~ofi ~f the P. D, NOEL lfHi)Wer o\·t>nides right whenever title nry thing that puts dre dub &f -PitanesMaln 5241. A· 4!i33: Rutdenc.e 31238 null tt-rs o decree. Deni~d the powf'r ill tne bmmds of plutoerati~ W kU be 11,ladl t .o. caUl Oh you · rigE1t to speak im Paterson, ~ . .J., po.ire alllthority-pofith~d action. W way j �The Western Comrade 27 Knit Underwear .• Cheapest Becaus~ 1t We·a rs. Best ~en's omen's Un ion Suits, low neck, knee length, sizes 32 to 44 ............. . . . .. .. ..... : ......... . .. $1.25 l ' nion Suits, half low n eck, elbow sleeves, ankle length, sizes 3'2 to 44.. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. 1.25 Under VeRts. sleeveless, sizes 30 to 44... . ..... .3f Night Robes, s izes 32 to 46 . . .. .. .......... . .. . 1.50 Hose, extra wearing, black, sizes 8 to 10 1h... . . .30 Hose, light weight, all colors, sizes 8 to 10%. . . .50 Undershirts, light weight; eream, sizes 34 to 44 .. $ .75 Undershirts, light weight, blacli, sizes 34 to 44 . . 1.00 Drawe rs, light weight, cr eam, sizes 30 to 44.... .75 Drawers, light weight, cream, sizes 30 to 44 ... . 1.00 Shirts: a!ld :()rawers, double fl e~ced, grey, sizes 30 to 44 .... . . . ...... . .. . . .................. 1.25 Shirts imd Drawe~s. Egyptian cotton, ecru, sizes 30 to 44 ... . . .... .. .. ...... ... . .. . .... . 1.50 Men's Hose J•;x tra wearing ,·alue, black, sizes 9 to 11% ... .. $ .25 Heavy we ight, black, sizes 9 ·to 11 %. 3 pairs . ... 1.00 Girls' Children's Boys' Union Suits, sizes 20 to 30 ... $.50 Union Suits, better grade, sizes 20 to 30.. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. 1.00 Hose, black, tan or· white, sizes 6 to 10 %....... ... .. . . . .25 Taped unions, answering purpose of a waist, sizes 20 to 28 ................... $ .65 Same as above, only bett er grade, sizes 20 to 28 . . . 1.05 Union ·Sqits, size~ 20 to 32 ... . $ .60 Union Suits, b". ter grade, sizes 20 to 32 .. ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Sportsman's· hose for boys, sizes 6 to 10% ........ .25 . to .40 Pure Wool Goods Made by "\¥ ool Growers' Co-operative Mills: Direct From Sheep's Hack to Your Back. Black and Grey Mackinaw Coat, length 35 inches, sizes 36 to 44 ....................... $8.00 Trousers, Grey and Navy Blue, usual sizes ... ... $4.00 Shirts, Grey and Navy Blue, usual s izes .. . . . .. . 3.00 Blankets White or grey, i0x82 in., weight 5 Jbs ... ... .. ... $7.85 Grey, 70x82 in., weight 7% lbs .... ... .......... 9.90. Llano del Rio Community (Mail Order Department) 923 Higg.ins Bldg. Los Angeles_, Cal. (Make all che~ks ·or money onlers payal.Jie to Llano del Rio Company) ·. �'t•' The Western Comrade 28 THE WESTERN COMRADE ~43 Entered as second-cius ma tter at the po•t oftlce at Los Angeles, Cal. 124 Higgi ns Building,' Loa Angeles, Cal. Subscri ption Price One Dollar · a Year - In Clubs of Four Fifty Cents Job Har r i man, Managing Editor Frank E. Wolfe, Editor · Vol. III September, 1915 No.5 Random Shots JI P \ ·,. r , n ev E"r , n ev er shall I:Je S !a \- s .- 1-Jowa rd B niiJa k EI', In The 1\'lasses. Bri ton~ Cougl'atu lations and greetings! !Iow did you t' Ver· gPt that ::;Jav thin g past th•· print<~ !' ·~ * ;{' *' . Durnha has atldt•d a hit to the gai .. t,v or <I ghastly Sl'aSOII. His inIIO<'t'r1<'l' and nai\'t•ttt• is most drollor was he Dumha 'nuff to think he t·oulcl affr·ont th e stef'l trust and not :,.:<'1 Iris passports 9 (Thirty days on til•· r<H'kpil e !) !low <: ennan diplomats must lra Yc laughPd- Sl'<'l'etl.v and diplomatieally hPhirHl t·loscd doors- whPn th e . \\'HEN Tim \\"ELSH -'lllNERS C A~TE lJP OUT OF Anwr·it·an note was rPeeived. Those THE GRO UND astutP Tutons, who know that s o•·aiiPd international lnw is a lways -.f,rA. \ \ H fo r \\"est ern romrude by ~~- A . .K empf <·h<llrging- always follows th e Jll'eds of international capitalism- must tb e tinws wel'e uever· so r·1pe fo r det· a rifle a nd ma rch to Pola'nd or havP hur·st into a gale of wi ld laugh- JWOpa ga mla. Galieia and shoot 'at· H einrich YOU ter when they r ead the words " the ~r: Dubbh eimer -of. Germany . Duhb· pr·irwiples of intcl'l1atioual law ar·c T he rrport of th e F ed er·al He- kowski doesn 't know it, but he ·has immutnhl c.. , Har! har! har! serve Board t o the effect that for· an ally 'Enry Dubb of H eng· American hanks were Shylocking land, .:\1 ichael McDubb of · Irela nd, ,;E People of I>Omt' Ameril'an eitirs t'l'<'n to tht• point of charging J20 'Arry ~facDuhb of Scotland, H euri pay twt•nt.y-fivf' hiuds of taxes. Th ese per 1't>nt interest aroused a snort of Le Duhoux of F r all(·e and llashia l'l' t lw 11 fter·hites the wor·ker·s suffer. shortlivt·d indignation. Th e finger· mura Duboki of Japan . As Dooley said ahout Dewey: T he toil (•rs art' rohbetl at the point of of seorn was pointed at somebody p roduction and exploited when they in some oth er state fo r· a minute " W e are a gr-r-eat fnmil y." !':eek to bu.v what they have pr·oduced. then th e story wlls for·gotteu. No Eastern newspap ers are worried T hr:v p ay inter·f'st, rent and twenty- city or· stah• is f n•e fr·om th e outrage of usury . Jn ' Los Angeles 24 ahout the American breadwinners fiv e kinds of tl\...xes. Tn Cle1·eland thf'v 1·un to varied per eent is chft r·ged on trust d ef'ds who wer e drowned when the Lu i· taxe~. whilf' in Los "Angeles ther e is aud th e excuse is given that they tania was torp~doed. It is a ma zinu that they get away with this bunk a mad tr·end towanl licenses and as- nre " slrort tim r loans." P eopl e ar sessments. Under the cloak of . o- heing di. posses ·r d of t heir homes. H enr·y Dubh comes back f rom hi pleasant little job (when he· .has t•all ed impr·ovemcnts a horde of graft- A prominen t public official of Lo Angeles is connf'ct Pd with a Sh~'­ one) of 14 hours ' toil in the rolling in~ cm1tnr ctors have brought about salrs of strf'et and sewer honds that loekiJlg fir·m that charges 24 per· mill, where they kill a ' 'breadwibhnvf' 111nonnted to confiscation of th e eent. Anvone want to star·t some- n er '' every f ew hours, and read in his penny sheet that some bread homes of manv of the workers and thing ? A. k for nam rs and fa cts. " ·inners are kill ed in the war ·r.one impo. ed a staggering burden on 7(: "Fighting is d r·a wing near t o on a fl oating a rsenal. Henry i others. Conditions d oubtless · will be Dubgorod," says .the dispat r hes then expected ..to make an ass of worse hefore they are better, but .from the front. Go rod mf'ans " the himself by sobbing himself to sleep t here are most encouraging signs place of the.,. Thus we locate .tlw or wildly demanding vengennce of a great awakening. Hungry holl)e of H enrivitch Duhbko\\:"ski ag-ainst th e murder er. Henry is eX· Henry list ens eagerly these days and of Russia who is forced to shoul- peet('(i to do this-and he does. . * * ;.:: * * * * * * �The Western Comrade Should Sanity Strik.e By A s ALBER~ A. JAMES ..The American ·Sncialist Official Orau of tlae we attempt to explain o~ workers are in abject poverty in . ·plan of operation at the Llano this age of the ·world's greatest ladel Rio Colony, we are often struck bor-sav~g machinery, .a nd y~t can The Amerlc;an apeab with the seeming impossibility for religiously support an : industrial with ~uthority. It ia a pow;erful the average man who does useful system that drive~ ·womf,n to pt"ostilnbor to throw off the idea that the . tution and men to the life of a)6penews and propaganda weekly ownership of the means of produc- less vagabonq. 0.1' t~ open rebellion.' and, is the only paper in the t ion must rest in some individual or against society-su.ch a man "would United Stat es which ·gives an 1·orpora-tion whose sole purpose is be unhappy withQut a boss to absorb· account of the ~fficial · business the exploitation of the worker. the product of h~ labor. ·. · ·• · of the Socialist Party. The Socialist writers and speakShould sanity suddenly s~rike the •·l·s hnve been pounding away at great mass of working men such in- · Every Socialist. Every Student of Socia111is point for years, but it seems im- dividuals would have to. be · herded lism should be a subscriber. pnssible for many of the workers to into a stockade a'n d there provided throw off the o1d psychology, and with a great sto'ne aod Whom they Subscriptio~ Price. ~··•· that they themselves, under could fall down aQd .wo~ hi.p as boss 50 cents· a year. ~nnw plan of organization, must asand as the author of their salvaslllllC the responsibility of ownertion ft·om hunger. · . The American Socialist and The ship of 1 hE' means of production. In order to make the simple. ones Western Comrade can be had .in It rcquil'f's infinite patience when perfectly contented it might . he combination for one year by sendm· find so many willing, so many necessary to provide ·a stone ima'~re ing $1.25 to d..terminecl to enter into numerous of a prostitute press on the one side do·tails that have no bearing on the and on the other side might be THE WESTERN COMRADE g-reat object in view. placed an iinage representing a 924 Higgins Building A man who can conscientiously prostitute pulpit. The oracle of ·Los Angeles, Cal. 11nd r eligiously sell an honest work- such a press would continually cry ing man a suit of clothes for $21.50 ont for the workers to arm them11nr\ rcprcs!'nt it as an extra value, srlves and go forth as valiant sol- . .- - - - - - -- - - - - - ---. whrn the labor cost is $3.22, cannot diers to defend the wealth created '.'The Great Workl~g Claea Dally" undt'rstand how men can, by co- hy lahor but possessed by the.. THE operation , produce their necessities hoss!'s. The oracle of such a pulin eight hours, and in the evening pit would continually cry out d11nce to the music made by their "Servants, ohey your master," t·•Jm rades. anrl r epr esenting the jingoes of all This is especially hard for a man natioris, would bless the armies to understand if his boss has hired and pray loudly that each of the "Unawed by lnfll.llnce and Unbribed by Gain" 11 perfectly good preacher to tell ront!'nding nations should be vic- • him and his fellow slaves that the torious. l~•lllor-VIotor L. Der~er. .-\RSIHinntH- James Howe, A. M. Slmdanee is au awful sin aud that the Under such an environment the ot•s, ()"more Smith, Tho m ns S. Anp1·otit of $18.28 lwlongs to the owll- drar ones who dare not think dr ~w~. PI'S of the means of production, by ronld ooze out into the great un'l'lw 1-ea<lcr Is publis h e d In Amer!oa's " •lh·ine right." known, knowing throughout their s! ron:::hohl or Socialism. lt Is the ~:rPa tP.Ht Englis h Socialist Dally In the r\ man who would sell to his fel- declining years that all was well •··ot 1<1. It is a Mod rn Metro nil t a n lnw mnu a town lot for $1500.00 with their masters. nally, containing the latest news. with a building erected thereon at Reriously, the writer does not . Among Its distinctive reaturPs nre: 1111 additional cost of $2000.00 wncn wish to cast the slig'htest reflection SOCIALIST NEWS PAGE, LA· II,• know that the wage of a labor- on the religious helief of any in; BOR NEWS P AGE, SP ORTING PAGE, MAGAZINE SECTION, ing man will not permit him to oc- clividnal. e who see the crimes WOMAN'S PAGE, EDITORIAL the name of Him who ''"PY a place that actually co~t in rommitted PAGE. drpreciation. taxe , insurance and oied for the poor and dispossessed ThP pt·lcP or The r-eader Is 25c per 'nonth; $3.00 J)('r year. intere t , 41.00 per month-such a must of nec~>ssity hid e our fact:?s man cannot understand how labor- in sl1arne. Those who are so indiC'omblnatl•m offer. with ing men, by co-op rative effort can viduali tic that they refuse to sec The WESTERN COMRADE !!et vain equivalent to ; 4.00 per Rny social crime find themselves Roth for one }'ear ror $3.00 (the day when they are living on town hrlpless when they attempt to in11rl t'e or the Milwaukee Leader alone) , lot that co t 1.67 each, and live in YP!'tigate a co-operative movement. Ad<lr sa: hou e proportionately cheap beIt would be as impossible for Circulation Department '·au e::<..-ploitation has been omitted. such peuple to understand our 923 Hlgglna Bldg., A man who i aware of the facf <>oloni1.ation scheme as it ~as for Loa Angeles, Calif, ! hat 90 p r cent of the world · the hangers-on at t~e Court of King SOcialist Party of America. Sociali.t MILWAUKEE .LEADER �30 T h e W e s t e r n· C o m r a d e George IJI to u nderstand why our Colonial for efathers left the ''beautiful civilization" under their monarch and ti·aveled the dangerous seas to establish homes in th e wilderness of J\ merica, fo,r we have -pe•1plr! today wh0 as t horoughly hc li evP in t IJ p divi ne ri g ht of capital to ntlr th e woT'Id as people belicvPd in t hat duy that kings ruled l1y "d ivinc righ t." · .For· those• who w1sh to establish an inr1m;trial democracv. there is no new c·ontiiH·ut. \\' e • must build within thr· r·Hpitalistir: <.:ystcm coinmuniti•·s f'ot !lldt·d ou indust rial justice. Ignorance is the Great Curse! · .... _ Do you know, for passion? Stupid, pernicious prudery ldng,.bas: bJ.Lnded us to sexual truth. Science was slow in entE:ring this vital field. ln recent years commercialists eyeing profits have unJoad!!Q·tlllany un scientific and dangerous_ sex books. Now, .the world's' great scientific minds a re dealing with this subject upon which human happine ss often depentls. No longer is the subject taboo among Intelligent people. We t ake pleasure In offer.ing to the American public the work ·of one of .the world's greatest authorities upon the question of sexual life. He is August Fore!, M. D., Ph. D., LL. · D., ·of ·zurich, Switzerland. His book will open your eyes to yourself and explain many mysteries. You w ill be better for this knowledge. · (Continu ed frotn Page 21) First Aid Kr:ene on th e promenade deck of a ~an Fran r: isco steamer. Pretty t om·ist, batt ling with th e · wind, linall.v snceerds iu turnin g half ·hi teh with YPil over her flyiri g ha ir and neatl,v t y ing a bowline heueath a . dimpl ed chin. Appro}lch B cr;t En gle with Pan:trna elnte hed in one hand and toupee in })TJOther: " I h·g your pardon, madam, if ~·o n lwn~ another· veil and will lend it to me, I wi ll t ic MY hai r on." Every professional man and woman, those dealing with social, medical, criminal, legal, religious ·arid .educatio.n al matters will find this book of immediate value. Nurses.. police officials, heads of public institutlcns, writers, judges, cle rgymen and teacher s are urged to get tl:iis book at once. The subject is treated from every point of view, The chap ter on "love a nd other irradiations of th!Ol .sexual appetite" is a profound exposition of sex emotions-Contraceptive means discussed-:-Degeneracy exposedA guide to all in domes_tic relations-A great book .by a great man. " The Sexual Q1,1estion'~ H er etofore sold by subscription, oniy to physicians. No w offered to the public. Written in plain terms. Former price $5.50. · Now sent prepaid for $1 .60. This is the rev ised and enla r ged Marshall English translation. SPnd check, m oney order or stamps. Gotham Book Society, . Dept. -387 General Dealers in Books, Sent o n Mail Order 142 West 23rd St., New York, N .Y. Hope for W hite Hope r\ Pity prospect accompanied by a pretty young woman approached openttions of some J,la no bricklaye rs :tm1 showed deep intc1·rst. Gibbon, fltrwpcJ. lik e a_Thor , a nd hra rd ed like a pnrd; rca<;;cd singing as he sent the mixin g hoe surg ing through the plasti c· mass. Th e city man saw admirRtion in tlw g irl 's eyes, and said to Gihhon :· '"l'hat looks easy enough. Do you sn pposc I ro uld ]cam to do it Y" " Wdl ," said Gibbon slowly, afte1· g iving the rather robust prospect a fJ ll iek OnC P- OVe J•, "1, tl1ink )'OU t•onld ." Th en h e spat m editatively nnd added : " Yon see, this h er e is a joh for a f e1low with a No.4 hat and a 44 shirt." t1Je scientific di fferen ce between love and Human l.if.e is full of hid!!Oll,S' exhibits of wretchedness due to ignorance of. sexu3:1 n.ormality., ' Our Wonderful School ing sl'q ur nr·rs of work :wd play ar·e phumpfl h••I'I' h~' tlw t caehpr·. H er e. in Dr·. 1\1ontessori 's house and garden of rhildlr ood th(• kindergartPn er finds hrr idra l kinclt>rgarten, wh ere the r·hildr·r·n blossom into maturity of l'r·,.liug a ut! thought as naturally as flo\\'Prs bl oom in a \l't•ll.kept garden." ins~nce, The British Columbia F"ederationist Room 217 LabOr Temple Vancouver, B. C. $1.25 Per Y !:)ar Issued Weekly . R. Parm P-ettlpl ece, Manag ing Editor A labor pappr unpara lle!Pd by any labor paper o! Canada. EndorsPd b)' thP Vletol'ia Trades and Labor Council and K p w ·wPstminst er Trades and Labor Coun cil. Official oq:a1i of the Van couver Trades and Labor Council and British C'nlumbia F ..rt ..ration of Labor. The paper tor Industrial l'nlt)', P olit ical l:nlt y, Str..ngth and VIctory ~ I f y"u ,\o not take this paper you should subscribe today ~ Te lephone Home A-4533 HARRIMAN & RYCKMAN Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Building :. Los Angeles. Cal. Home A-2003 · Main 619 A:- J. STEVENS Dentist 306 South Broadway Room 514 Los Angeles, Cal. �e T Llano d -e l es eTa Co io Co·- Opera Lla.no California u tiJe T HJS tn .Amerka. ~t Coalmllllfty Enterprise ever 1be eoJoor wu founded by Job Hamman o ore ~IDlliti&'!btS benlhiJ!B or sUldt in the L'lull ember ld be ID.sDUmen and :fa Ei:tua.telr membe.rs.. lu tbe beauttful .AnU!Jope Valley, Los .A geles Cotmt,-. canlllfflla, a few JJ6un• ride trom Los Angete.s. - The coiBIJIIIIIity Ill ~Mng tbe probl~m of dlsemptoyment and business failure. and otrert a way to proYld'e for the fUture welfare of the wm-keTI an4 tbefr famtlles. Her Is an example of co-operation in actlon. Llano del !tlo Colony it an enteTprtse untque In the history or community grou)'18. A bou 11!:0 a.;ie or ~en ·was sults have mos. gratlfyln,g,.. flee.n plan • Social-life in the· colony l t d l trill. ments and dances are regQlar)Jr tabUshed t\tQ ball,. basblt-,!Wl. tenniS. s '.l.mmtn&. 1l b , bun other s'Pof'U! and •DSStimes are populiU' wttb e.U Some ot the alms ot the colony are: To solve the problem or unemplorm nt by providing steady emplQYIDent for the workerl; to assure safety and comfort for the future and for old ag ; to uarantee educf\tlon for the children In the best onal supervision, and to provide a social lifo amid surroundings better than can be fou nd in the com!Wtl lv world. Hr·hool un r p ~om or th se alms have been carried out during the th colony began to work out the problems that NHJfront pion rs: There are about 475 persons IIVIug at tlir n w town of Lla no. There are now more than seventy puplls In th o chools, and several hundreds are expected to be onr·oll d b fore a year shall have passed. Plans are under wny tor a s hool building, which will cost several thousand tlollur·s. T he bonds have been voted and sold and there is lltllhl ng to d lny the building, year 11ln 8 hools hove oprn d rot· th.:l fa ll term with classes ranging from th M nt seorl and kindergarten grades through the lntorm dint which Includes the first year In high school. pupils an opportunity to take advanced sub.lt•de. Including languag s In the olony school. About fifty lli'JliiM l\01' be n nroll d. This tv s th 'l'h olony owns a tine herd or about 100 head of Jersey find Hoi t In dairy attle and Is turning out a large amount 111' du lry lli'Odu t , Th r Is steady demand for our out- llllt. 'l'h r nr!' obout 175 boss In U1 pens, and among them a numb r or goC\d brood sows. This department will be h·Qn p Ia! tt nUon nd ranks high in importance. ltttll 'I'll I ny has sixty- ight work horses, a large tractor, tw tru 'kll 1\1\d a number of automobiles. The poultry delllll'lm nt hi\ 2000 g -makln birds, some of them blue rlhhon lll'la~ wtnn I'S. This d partment, as all others, is in the t•htl.l'tt r an p t and 'it will pand rapidly. v rat hundn~d bar In the rabbitry and the d pnrtm nt &J s the arrivals are ln startling There are 100~ memb~rshlps In 'th colony nnd ov r 700 or them are ·subscrilled for. lt ts bellev d that til r m lnd r will be taken within the next few months. The broadest democracy prev~lls tu th manag m nt ot the colony. There Is a directorate of ·nine, le t 4 by the stockholders, and a · community commission ot nino, I t d by the Generaf Assembly- aU persons over 18 votln , biO• lute equality-prevails In every reJ!peot. . The ulttmat POilU• lation of this colony will be ~!!tween 6000 and 6000' p raon1. r The colony Is organized as a corporation und .t h • lV.WI of California. The capitalization Is ·$2,000,000. One thouaand members are provided for: .Each shareholder agr to I Ub • scribe for 2000 shares of stock. E ar.h pays_ cash {$750) for 750 shar ll. This wil l IJ Ill· creased to $1000 within a few month~ Deferred payments on the remaining 1260 sbaroe ar ma4e by deducting one dollar per day (or more, 1f the m mb r wishes to pay more rapidly) from the U wage of tb oolonJ• , Out of tbe remaining $3 a dlt.Y, the cotonfst g ta tb necel• sities and comforts of life. The balance r emalnlng to the Individual (Zr cUt Of tbe colonist may be drawn In cash out of tbe net proceed• ol the enterprise. A per cent or tl!e wages may bil drawn tn cab. Continuous employment fa provided, an4 vMAUO 1 o.r• ranged as may be desired by the colonfat. Each member holds an equal n ttmber ol •bara ot •to as every other shareholder. Each member receives· the ~e wage a. everr member. · In case anyone desires to Jeave tlle colcmT • • and aceWDulated ftJru1 may be sold at sny t:l Are yGU tbed or tbe compet:tU•e worl41 Do :JUIII w:aDt to get l to a poe where e•MT I»~ sork 1rill be :for J'0!1.1'5elf aD4 your · Oy? Do 7tJit W': assiiU'iii:Dee or employmt! 1illll prori~ till' e1 for lbe booldet eat~Ded: ""Tbe Gate9n to~"' ••· srrille for Tille Wt!lStBD Collllr.ule ($1M Jl6!l' 7.e.tJ1. a6 pot5led the JI*Qi!iillei!.S (1/f tJae eoloi!IT- ... (IW' ~ - IIIEIIlllb!lrdJip. IJRL mo COMPAJW, m �·Are YoU An Undesirable? H ,__ . . . AYE you· been an agitator in your vi- of wealth" and the crushing dQwn of the cinity f Have- you struggled and · midQ.ie cla; ses. You se~ expropriation and worked to· make things better for humanity'? disempJoY.ment. You see your comrades ·go lfa,·e ycm developed a spirit of · altruism, .. do~n ~d· und.er in the fi-erceness. of the and thus became a rebel .. struggle. SUrely yon ar'e against the oppression of tired of the struggle in th<· capitali. t autocracy?. the competitive system, Ha \'!' yo u been honestly where remains the inexorable the law of tooth and (•amcstly spreaciing 1he dot:trine of disc onand claw. tent with the system of . Why not cast your lot 11H' despoilers ? Have \~ith your comrades who :vou tal.keu and agitated for eighteen . months fol' the coming co-operahiwe borne the brunt of ti,·c system~ If so, you the hardships in pioneerhave fr·iends and coming at the Llano del ~io r·adcs and loved ones, Co-operative Community hut you arc und esirable in Los· Angeles County, so far as the capitalists California. and parasites are con. If you are tired of bef•P rned. lf you have ing exploited an~ robbed achieved this ·much we and want to get tb.e field want you to go a step . social product of your farth er. '\Ve want you effor·ts, turn to pages .15, to come io the Llano del 16, 17, l 8, · 19 . and 31 of Pio Community where Sandbox and Irrigation Gates this magazine and read we are making a . great the story of the wonderd<'monstration of the co-operation for which ful. progn•ss that has been made by tl).e Coyon have worked. operative Comninl!lity founded by Job HarYou see the future alike of fa rmers and riman . If you are interested write f or our city mechanic. You see the centralization hookl et, ''The Gate~ay to Freedom." "Modern society conducts its a!l'airs under <;ircumstances w)lich create and maintain an ever increasing burden on all humanity. Man sustained in youth by the illusion that ability or good fortune will · ultimately reward him with happiness through material success, learns sooner or later, that no peace can be his until the unmoral conditions of commercialism and industrial competition are removed."-From the Community Constitution. LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY M embership Department 924 Higgins Building Los Angeles, California � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1915-09 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-09 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n05_191509 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-23 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n05 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Busting the Iron Law by George Cantrell Third Circle of Might by Morgan Smith Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/af0201a60c8b6798521f44997c415601.pdf f2cd17b42d30a799bd017b03c576bff2 PDF Text Text .J"'"' ' ~ugu T en t, 191S cent• ., -~ .• I . �• I ELK SKI BOOTS a.n a SHOES Factory opera-te4: in connection with LLANO DEL Rio' CoLONY Men's 10-inch boots. $6.00 Men's 12·-inch boots : 7.00 Men's 15-inch boots . 8.00 Ladies' 10-inch boots 5.00 Ladies' 14-inch boots 5.50 Men's Elk shoes . . . . 4.00 Ladies' Elk shoes . . . 3.50 Infants' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 .. . .... .... . 1.50 Child's Elk shoes, 5 to 8 . .... .... .. .. 1.75 Child's Elk shoes, 8Yz to 11.. .. .. .. . 2.25 Misses' and Youths, 11¥2 to 2 ......... 2.50 Place atocklng foot on paper, drawing pencil per above II· aroul)d luatration. Pa.. tape around at linea without drawing tight. Give aize uaually wor(l. a, IDEAL FO·O TWEAR For Ranchers .· and· .Outdoor ·Men The famous Clifford Elkskin Shoes .are lightest' and easiest for solid comfort and will outwear three pairs of ordinary shoes. We cover all lines from ladies,' men's and children's button or lace in ligh\ handsome patterns to the high boots fo# -mountain, hunting, ranching or desert .wear. Almost indestructible. Send in your orders by :rpail. Take ' measurement according to instructions. -out of town shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P~ 0. order and state '''hether we shall forward by mail or express. SALES DEPARTMENT . f Llano ·delL·Rio Cotnpany 922 Higgins Building, ·Los Ange!es, Cal. �I I I CONTENTS ..... • I ... Current . Toplca. ~. . .,.I ...,-____,..-! By Frank li). Woll'e ... .... .. . ... . Page 5 , Southern Chivalry ·. ' Vl"dl~at~_d ... , . .... : .. ·. : . .. , . .. ~age 8 That Heavenly Mlasisalppi. By Frank E. Wolfe .. _. Page 9 Out of t.he Night! By Geo~ge F. Hibti.e r . . .. .. . . ... Page 10 Llano. Colony's Progreaa Rapid .. ... . .. . ..... ; : . .. Page 11 Aid to Our Kings. By Frank H . Ware. ,, . .. . . . . .. Page 15 Robert Minor-Cartoonist of .the .Rev9lt .. , .. ... . . Page 16. Billy's Buffoonery ......... . .' .... . ·.... .. : ......... Page 18 The Muddling Worker. By Homer ConstanU.n e . . . . Page 19 Do You Really Want Socialism? By J_o hn M. Work . Page 19 Truth Will Conquer. ·By Albert A. James . .. .. .' ... Page 20 Recall This Judge! . ... ....... . ........... .. .. .... Page 21 Christian Balzac Hoffman ....... . .. .. ......... ·.. . Page 22 Let Men Live! By Edmund R. Brumbaugh .... . . .. Page 23 The Lateat from Llano. By M. A. Kempf . . . ..... Page 24 Buai"ne11 is "Good" . .... ...... .. .. ... . : .......... Page 26 CARTOONS • The "Secret Enemy" ...... '.. ... . . . . ....... ... Frontispiece "- Over"Waraaw .... , . ......... .......... .. . .. ... ... Page 6 Brightening Buainell Skiea ....... . .. ... ... ..... .. Page 7 in Georgia ; . . .. ... .. . . . .. ............. .. . ..... . .. Page 8 The Reaponalbllity for the War . ... . .. ....... . . .. . Page 15 Labor Cartoon• by Robert Minor ... : ... . ...... .. .. Page 16 'An Impertinent Uncle . . ..... . .... ......... .' .... . . . . Page 23 1- Fertilizing the American Beauty Roae .. ... . .. ..... Page 28 OMOJI!ROBBOBO ). �The "Secret E~emy_" L11honr "Leader": "Vot -does de Var matterT !-Vy, you vould be chust as veil off under the hermans! plenty monny,- plenty time for--drink, Eh !"-The Bystander. British newspapers overlook no opportunity to brand as traitor every worker· who has the spirit to denounced as German spies. Tbis has had Its effect on every class but the to know tne capitalist prostitute pri>Ss too well. ~volt. Labor leaders are ~ ·orkers. They are combtg �HE Polltleaf Ae~lon VOL. III Co-operatron LOS ANGE~. C~ AUGUST. 1915 • Scene In Big Rock Canyon • CURRENT TOPICS W. By Frank E. Wolfe AR in Europe ~·!used the ''fiscal yearU...On .\u!!'nst 1 an<l I'Hch. party in the business hulant·Pd hool<s HIHl addl'd and subtracted figm·cs ~howing los!'rs and !!Rins. Tlw fir·st totltl shows a loss in dead, wounded and missing of l0,7Hi.210 111\'IL l<,ighti11g during August will run this total t'a1· nhovc 10,800,000. Tht:> IIPXt total shows 11 loss in money of $16,500,000.000. To this total ad<i $4-5,000,000 each dll_y since Au gust 1'. Thesl' figur<•s do not i11elnde naYal losses or ships of eommerrr that nr·e destroyed hourly. .German sul>mHri1ws haw su11k rwarly 300 ships since their nnder·-!'ea campaign began several months ago. The e figures only cover the direct losses and do not tttln• any aerount of liOn-combatants who are ' Joumed to die miserable )illgel'illg Offilths, nor do they cover the untoiJ losses of villages destroyed, (jties pillaged, crops ruined and the gener·al ruvishHwnt of entire districts. The figures do not cover the greater loss through destruction of pr·oductivc industry nor the killing of stt·ong worker·s or the t·reation of nations of cripples and madmen. The expense indicated in these figures is entailed by putting 22,000,000 men o.n the battle line. With 9,0ou;ooo fighting men in field, fort and fleet, Germany has held l!'J,OOO,OOO ut bay. The mad Kaiser has forl'l'd thl' fi:rhting and preserved the Vaterland from the heel of the enemy. Germany has produced her own food ann munitions and her allies find themselves, at the end of the year, scouring the countries of the earth for food and munitions. �The Western Comrade 6 . T il E cost of the war in en•rything but money will have to l1c paid. The debt incurred by the aw'flil toll of human life will have to be ]!aid. The mined t·ilit·s m;ty h1· rchuilt in half a century. R estoration of industries will be the work of the people for the rwxt v<•nf'ration, hut thcr(' is one debt tha~ will never he paid. War honlll! un in·rsally will be r epud!ated. War d..IJIK will 1101 lit' liquida.ted. This must be obvious wlwu ontl t·onKidPrs tlw 11ize of the debt at this hour. Tht• 1'\'l•r rnounti11g total reaches $66,000,000,000 and 1111' inr·rPilSP is rnor1• rHpid every day. Sixty-six billioJJs of dollnt·s! \\"r· r·annot hegin to comprehend the mn gnitud P of thf•'l(' figures. \Ye do riot know if the •·otu·rpf t• ll'(•alth of tlu• world r each<'s to this colossal t ot:t I. :'oJot r·11ouvh L(f:ld has ever he!'n mined to pay !Itt' intt•J'l'Kt on thr• dt•ht this . \\'odd-war will have roiiPd up . 1f H.n,v nation invol\'ed shonl!l survive th e crash, I'I'JliHli:!tioll would ht· inevitahlP. 'l'hrre is no other wa,v. To rPf'un rl ~uch a deht would be to mortgage t It•· futurl' nnd f•nsla\'1' rarcs for n thousand years. 'l'hi~ would lll('l\11 a t'Pvolt that wonld sweep the nntiono;; out of PXistpnc•f•. · Rrpndiation of war deht:tnd :til olll!'l' <!Pht is inr•Yitnhle. The revolution is nt hand ! 'rhf• Ptuling of the wnr will mt>:m that none of t ht• nations nnw inYolvcd can stop. No two nor 110 ~roup t'lln ronclllll<' a peace that will mean anythin!! hut thP hl'ginning of a "still fi ('rl'er struggle f't·ont within. To fi~rht on and on is th e only way. Exhnnstion of the mmwtnry rrsour·crs of th e w o rhl is HI hnn<l. <•xt will eo11W c xhaustio~f th e supply of mrn llll!l munitions. Then will come anotlH'r peace of Wnrsnw- the pence of death! The n the rl'nl fight, tlw t'P\'Oit of thP JWOplt•! The survivors, th!' so-called '' unfit "! Oloomy o.utlook 1 Yes, it is gruesome enough. is not more di. mal than th e ituation. Our critics who di like to think, pn'ft>r mor!' c heerful seenes. \\·oultl thnt tht>rt' w as a more hopeful outlook for t ht• world . Tht• writt>r of todny t>annot ket>p away fr·om t•ont~mpPrnn!'ou. history nnd these are the mo.<:! moHwntous tl:ty, sitwe the dawn of thi !'ra of tht• humnn rn('c. lt W BE>- r the p~U engers ailed oo the Tit nic' first _and ll\, t voyage they took the ordiuar~· ri ks of teamship tra\•el under a y tem of profit fir t and safety !a. t . T!ley knew au attempt would be ptade to break record . Plunging through tht> fog under full forced pre ure the hip wa driwn to its dQOm. ..peed mearit mail contr act and fntut'. OVER W .\RSA W -Phllnitrlphla Publlc L Nlger. that mt>ant profits! Hundreds were murdered there hut they had at least the c hanc·e to die in the open. \\'lwn the Lusitania sailed from New York the· pa. srnl!f'rs on hoard took the hazard of hooking on a ship carrying ,..ontrahand of war if not actually an armf'rl ~uxili:try cruiser. For the owners a I!UC't·ellfi· ful voya~e throu!!'h tht> undersea hlol.'kade therE• waH gold and !!lory-profits! Thos1• on hoard ri~>kL•d �The Western Comrade their Ji1·es aud many died, but they went down heroically iu the open seas. The 1500 victims of greed who perished in'the ('hi<' ago horror died miserably--crushed, suffocated in the c rowded cabins or in the unspeakable filth of tlH' slimy miasmatic ooze of the rivers. Tht•J·e is <;ma ll chance of the Eastland disaster •·ausiu:.r a diplomatit rupture with any one or even di1·ision in thP PJ'l'~ident's cahinet. There will be i11 I'Pst i:.ra t ions, •·oJ·oner 's verdicts, probably indictlllt ' JJt s, trials, moJ't• trials, eonvictions, appeals and :til t !It· ,,.,.,ll'Y and .bootless details of the course of th•· 1:~11'. At tht· ••nrlnoth ing will be done to r emove t h•· •·ails<' of tiH'Sl' murders. \Ve shall continue to bll :•s ion~ as tht•J't' a1·r profits Ill taking risks of II'!Jol•·salL• 111\lJ'tlt•J'. + W + + II E:\ huJHlJ·t>d s of C'auauian H cm·y Dubbs n·ac·lu•d fo1· theit· pay envelopes che other da~· t lit'~' t'o11nd a little slip " ·hich read: · · Yo11r Kin~ :md Country n eed you; we don't." 'l'h:~t lliPHJJS: " Yo11're fired . You now haYe the :tlt•·r·natiYt• of stal'\'ing OJ' enlisting." or "oursp Un•at Britain has n ever r esorted to nl'!ua l •·onst·ription, and n ever PXpeets to. In England 1'\'t•ry mf'asure short of forcible const·J·iption of t hi' ll'orkers has !wen adopted. Every ,.[ass hut thp wm·ke1·s is deeply interested in the ll'a1·. Hoyalty. iwhility and the loyal sons of capital-ism han' unhesitatin gly plunged into the war. They "'''' t h<· necessity of preserving the existing order and of SAYing England-for themselves. Tn C'annua thP samp spirit seems to hold. :r'here :li'P thousAnds of unemployed, and . -re seems no liktolihootl of A dl'arth of workers. To discharge a fpw thousHnd will mean lower wages ai:td more profits. Truly these he parlous days for Henry and Ifpnrit•tta. t L os This was voted at an eledion of city o.fficials on an ''economy and efficiency'' platform. ''Vote for ~s-and reduce your ta.xes,'' was ·the slogan, and a majorij:y qf the council was elected on that war rry. There was much rejoicing at the achievement. . When 'the illitiative law went into effect the council closed ten firehouses, some of them near the schbol house • Then the "civic" orgimizations got bus)' and tll'e infamOI}S l\Iunicipal League led a move-. + + + BHIGH'!'ENJNG BCHJNESS SKIES Running Up an Awtul Big Bill - !Jpw MolnPR Register and L eader .\~GF.LF.S fiJ'('liH'll appealed to th e YOters of tlw workin!? c•lass and on an initiatiYe act thr~· Wl'I'P g i,·rn the two-platoon system. The working ('[a><s yotrll solidly for the measure which gave th <· fir .. nH•n an opportunity to go home to their fnmi l,1· fo r a 1w riod out of eYery twenty-four hours. ment to hring ahout the repeal of the two-platoon law. Twrnty organizations joined in the action, prom~ im•nt in which was the notorious Merchants and :'llanu faeturers' Assof'iatiou and othel' Labor-hating �• The Western Comrade 8 institutions. A majority of the City Council will worthy gentlemen who buy smutty barley from the join in the action. The power of the prostitute prf!ss.,.....farmeri at a low price, then proceed to mj.x it with wiil be thrown agai nst the law and the initiative lime"and sell it for ·" choice brewing barley." Inmad<> a mockery. Political action wifl win .for the spector.s say it·. is di.ffi~ult to discover the fraud by work<'t·s 'I Docs it pav to dally with this Y a casual examination; but a chemical analysis shows + the linie ~nd the smut. . 1'LLET INR from the office of informa'tion of the This. adulteration and h~fouled barley finds its ['nitl'd Rtatc•s Department of Agriculture dis- way to. your din,i ng table in some guise. There is no c·losc· a plPasant littlP decepti.on op the part of ~ertain ' escape. You are poi·soned for profit. B + + Southern Chivalry Vindicated· T II E world holds Ueorf.(ia in contempt. The eowarrlly murder of Leo Frank is a crowning ;c!'! of infamy of all the lung list of atrocities perpc1rated in the sout!wrn states in the past few years. \\'ith the guilt or innocence of Frank we are not c·onc·c·rtwd. \Yith Hearst and Btirns and a part of the· c·apitalist press in search of advertising contt·ads atTayc·d on OJH' side and another wing of the ~mil<' pr<'ss on tlw other side 1here is no getting at till' truth. As to tlw hlootl guilt of the people of <lPor:,ria thl'rP i~ no shadow of doubt. LPo Frank is dead. Georgia c·hivalry is Yindi•·Htc·d and the manifest superiority of the southem l!l'ntlPnH!n on<·t> more has been satisfaeto~ily dem0n~trntecl. There will, follow a series of arrests, t t·ials, dPmonst rations for and against the defendants. Possibly th<•t'\' may bP some convictions and some " IPf!al" IIIIH'ders. Georgia will thus have an oppOI·tunity to adopt the Mississippi plan of Yicarious atouemc·nt hy fo!)o,ving a series of lynchings with a couple of lel!al hangings. 1.f a way can be fotlii'a to take someon<> who has killed someone out and kill tlwm "le![ally" the fait· li!l.me and fame of the state is saved. This Georgia mob is the worst one of modern times. Tts act ·-w as as studiedly cruel and cold blooded as, say, the Mississippi mob that "legally" C'Ombined a watermelon feast and a double hanging The deer! was as dastardly as that o.f the state of G~orgia a y<'IU' ago wh<>n, under the regime of Gov. Rtanton, R boy was "legally" hanged on the accusa· tion of being an RC'cessory to an illegal murder. This mob aetecl nft'er ruonats of "cooling time. " There was no su'dclen pitch of passion, no hot headed demand fnt· \'<'ngencP: It was as deliberate, bestial and lN OEORQlA The Southern Gentleman Demonstrates His Superiority - ThP :Masse@. reYolting R'>, for instanc·e, the ''legal " hanging by· the Calif01·nia moh which ass<>mbled vicariously at Ran (~n<>ntiu RtHl stt'!lnglcd Halph Farris a few months ago. �., The Western Co -m rade That · He~venly Mississippi By FRANK E. WOLFE HERE is a land of pure delight-Missis.sippi ! They hanged two negroes there recently-legally! So rare and unusual was this legal phase that the o-c-casion was made a gala day. Five thousand persons wPre in attendance and there was a great di 1·ersity of ft>atures in the entertainment prt>ceding_ the main C\'ent. Dt•pendcnt pn•r Oil tht• daily press we lose some of tht• finer· points of tht> day's delightful di\'ersion, but <•nou!!h t·orru•s thr·ong-h t o show that in th·~ populace of this southem state Wt' hin•e still a lot of the true spirit of ArnPriC"anism. :-;t:u·kYillt•, f0r·mrr·ly a tauk town, jumped into ,.,·,·rlasting- fame when tire sher·iff. with true southern no hi! it~· of eharaett>r. sprung the trap. Removing his hat ht> waY<'<'\ it g-allantly and shouted, "Goodbye, hoy~. 11nd good lurk!'' ( \Yh11t element of luck or ··han•·<· Pnt•·rl'd where m!'n swung off to glory filled with wlltt>rrn('lon, soda pop 1111d fried' chicken?) Tlrt>~t· men W('riJ "lt'gally" tr•ied and the sentence of tlr r judg-<' was "lrgally" exeruted. They h11d :rrist>n in wrath a·n d slain a Pullman porter. In our r,•ss t·il·ilizt>tl and srmi-harharil' state ·we would have b,;,,n pron e to declare t lw at't merit t•d rrward rat her than d~sl'r'Yetl puuishment. - Features of th(' d11y wer·r frrl'' lemonade, s••riphn·lll reading,' fre·(' snndwi,~hl's, politica I spe~·t·ht>s hy county· PHndidatPs, <' h U I' {.'n ann Sa b b at h school annount·Pr!fl•nts, sale o!' snuYcnir·s or rope and sraffold, psnlms or :'lfoses anrl the lamb,- watermelon· and fried _ehiekrn (serwd exclusively to the eondemne'd) and a . scorr of other· dPii~hHul , gnmtl and petit divertissemrnto;;. One newspaprr ace<'unt of th e affair gives a keen flash of insight wl•en it naiwly states: "Back of and 1hrough' it p.JJ "~as <l> sen,.,rd renlizuhon that Mississippi has bN~n lax in the enforcement of the law and that this legal execution wonld go far to restore the fair name of the state." Great! Simply wondcr.ful.! llere we have a vicarious atonement .so simple and concrete that the most bone-headed of us can understand. When 'this point was touc.h ed upon delicately by one of the candidates both the condemned, wbo sat on the gallows back of speralters, applauded vigorously, th~y were joined by tho thQusand,s who sat on .t he grass in the natural amphitheater where the great scene was· staged. · Thus the- vicariOus ~touement scheme met with approval by both sides-the savic'(rs and the .saved. The press 3gent.. who handled the publicity end of the entertainment ·lld\'rrtised it extensively and the results were most satisfactory. · Concessionaires reported a most profitable -day's business.· During_the progress of one speech a candidate for sheriff perpetrated 'an a~using lapsus linguea when he !'aid : ''I sure hopes you' all will vote for me.'' Then·, with an apologetic smilf. at the manacled men, he said: ''I mean aU of yo' all -that can get to the polls ! ''. At this co11tretemps the _multitu-d e roared with delight nnd the concienined joined in a gale of laughter. The crown in~ act of the day 's· performance was, of Ponrsfi. tlw hanging. This was preceded by much frrvit! singing and ~orne r·eligious shoutin~. The ~rand old song-, "The Heuve1rly Caanan, " · -~n · through the whole- day's reremony and _at the dimax, when all «tood ar.d snng, tire srene was most inspiring, the . tw_o shackled ffi('D hobbling for·ward heside the Reverrnri l\fr. Winbush and singing. at tllC tops of their yoiees the closing liJles: the ana "Not .Jordans stream nor • death's cold 'flood Should fright us from that · sliore." · ., ':rttus ·far · we have taken the daily newspapers. :\fay we no-t, ,\•ith fairness, listen to voces ~lississippiensis as our imngination is stimulated and · inspired·: (The Sheriff: ) "~o~v . •~dies and gentlemen, don't erowd down so clost• )~'~is er1 ah,-platform. You nil will be given every Ofl 'tunity--" '' Cose they does. They repents they-all's sin&--" "LadLes and gentlem~n ' In thls campaign we come before you~" ......; " De good La wd d~n 't hold nothin' agin nobuddy--" '' Honesty and rfficiency will ever ~e--" "Here y 'are, soovnir, same piece of-rope they're usin', only two bi~" .. �. 10 . ·T h e W e s ter-n· •C o m r a d e (Mini ter comes forward, raises bands.) · "Tim.e's up." (The sheriff.) "Our Father, who· art in 'Heaven· _·_, "There Is a land of pure deltght Where Saints Immortal reign; . Crowd mumbllng, sounds like low slumbrous Infinite day ex.cludes the night, thunder of lazy sea on long beach. As prayer ends, And pleasures 'banish pain." -noises resume. Singing, vending, eu.rsing and swaying (As singing dies down :) "No, d~y don't pay no thin ' fo' dat watermellyon. for)IU).rd. S~eriff and assis.tants adj~t noos.es and pull down blac1r caps. .: · De jailor he done furnisll--" "Wo.n der .wh'o' g'\vine J>e?d 'em to glory-- 7" ''Our chief aim will be to reduce you-ail"s taxes "He's. gwine dQ it· h'is's elf-dat's kind sheriff we and--" got." .. · ·. . · · · "Icc cole sody pop, only five a bot l" "Don't cr.owd, now -ladies im--" "Fo 'giveness ob sins nn' safvation; dat's what we "Popeortl, ~eanu1:!! 1 '' all bot--" all lookin' fo' an--" . "By virtue ·of the authority vested in me by the · "Whar dey evah get fried cl_!ic!ten befo'7 Dat's commonwealth of Mississippi· -· " what--" "Watch hili k:riees w(>bble- " "Hush, he 's gwine invoke de devine blessin'. -" "I now e-xecute--:-" · "No he ain 't--" "Looky, no~-·. ". " W C· pledge our unwa vcring fealty to the old flag ''And may God ii-t his- infrnite pity--" and the glorious principles--" ''Dit 's weaken:in'--'; ' ' Dere ain 't no dam use you acting up--" "Have mercy on your soul. Goopbye, boys, · and (Singing wells forth from a thousand throats and good luck!'' · others of the multitude jom with hysteric fervor.) Silence. The low.murmur of hundreds of erooumg "There everlasting spring abides, And never-withering flowers; mammies. swelling into loud song which is joined by Death, like a narrow sea, dlvtaes the two men on the scaffold, whose muffled· voices come This heavenly land from ours." the folds of the hideous black bags: from "Stand firm for the old party of Lincoln, Grant and "Could we but climb where Moses stood, Roose-er-oh, Taft--" And view the lan.dacap!l o'er-" "Huccumb you-all ain't out in de cotton fie! wid Crash of trap sprung . and bodies . shooting downdRt--" ward. Figures bound upward ,from impact at end of "Cose dey kaint go to hell--" ropes. Convulsively draw up knees then relax as shud"Red hot, all hot! W einers and tomollys, get 'em der runs through frame. · while--" UninU~lligible shouts and wild cheering from crowd. (The sheriff) ''You-all will have to stop crowding up to this platform. We're treating you right an--" Bodies sw'fti- and twist 'round and 'round at end of ''When will dey come aroun' wif de free lemonade ropes . Doctors bare heads in burning glare of sun and. hold watches in their bands aw they draw near. an' dem--" Preacher bows' head, his white lips moving. "Sweet fields beyond the swelling ftood Chorus of voices rising above 'the babble and reverberating along tlle ~assy hill side; r . Stand dressed In Jiving green-" ''Peanuts! Five a bag! ;Hey Dit Seals; howyou like it up dere wid dat iron on yo' laig?'' "Not Jordans stream nor death'~old flood Should fright me from that sho]'e." "Peanuts, five a bag l" ( Out of the N ig ht By GEORGE F. HIBNER C OME, · toilers, out of. the night! Know that the lessons for you. And for you, Color is touching with ~;~un is shining for you. 'fhat you, 0 wonder-beings, infinite hands millions of miles today. Beauty is sendj;jhould toil· ever for profit of others is like robbing you ing he~," hosts to the hills, the valleys, the rocks, the of sunlight that is abu;dant for all; like robbing you of . woods, the waters, the clouds, and in infinite voices of shelter that is within reach of all. It is like locking music-for you! For you! Did you know! Did you you from music, art, joy, life,-all-all within easy know! Come, toilers, out of the night! reach, did you but cease letting others order your lives. Did you know that these days passed down t~ you out of the universe are for you-for you-and you have Come, toilers, out of the night. Come, toilers, o~1t of the night! Sun ltnd wind and no right under the stars to sell them to others! 0 jo.y, waYe hold pence and rest for you-hold silent great · joy, did you but know !:Come, toilers, out of the night!'' �u · The Westet'n Comt'ade Everybody In the Community Enjoys the Swimming Pool Llano Colony's ISITORS at Llano del Rio Community are always surprised at the size of the town of Llano, the large amount of land cleared a.nd under cultivation, and the abundance of water. In its growth within a few months from a few clustered tents to a town of 466 people in which substantial adobes are replacing tempornr·y tents, first ner.P.ssnry to house the people, Llano has dnplieatNl the per·formance of early-day mining towm, :md ere the year oi 19Hi is pasRed will have~come the metr·opolis of Antelope Valley. This progress is taken as a demonstration of the ripeness of the times and how ready the people are to· practice co-operation. The reports of ~he various managers of the different departlnents show most eloquently the material progress that has been made. E\·er1 the people at J.lano had no clear idea of the tremendous advancement, the record o'f achievement <'llrried by the 1-eports of the different departments aroused their enthusiasm to a new and higher pitch. More than 200 visitors shared the en.t husiasm of the C'Olonists last month, many of whom have signed up to join the progre sive community, and all of them evinced a desire to become members eventuaJ.ly. 'rbe number of visitors is increasing all the time~ some hailing . from · LVJ - Progres~ Rapid such distant places · as England, Canada and the ·New England states. In truth, the eyes of the Socialist world are on Llano. Jim J.Jarkin, the famous IrishEnglish labor leader, after his visit, said: "I am too filled with enthusiasm to give expression to my feelings, but one thing ·certain is that you have the land and the water. I am also very much pleased with the class of...people that I find ht!re. '' Thomas W. Williams, state secretary of the Socialist party of California, was rccentl,.y a visitor and he carefully looked over the possibilities of the Llano Colony. In a brief address in the Assembly hall he waxed quite enthusiastic over ·the potentialities of the land and water and called attention to the fact that the success of this colony would have a great effect on the SOcialist movement at large, as he declared that we were inseparably connected with tbe movement whether or . not we wanted such to be a fact. Comrade Williams pointed out that while the colonists are busy within the community they should not lose sight of the neces- · sity of carrying their allegiance completely to the political end of the fight for furtherance of Socialism. Visitors remark on the delightful climate .of Llano. The lack of humidity, coupled with_ the eool breeze which blows nearly all day, renders working in the sun no hardship. F!equently the hottest part of the day �12 The Western Comrade partment, gn·mg information t..at w1ll be valuabl~ in comput~ mg co ts. Barl Glass head of the engineering department, ha been making ~ mea urements and obtaming other data. regarding the tunnel, the source of the aomesti~ water . upply. This water is to be used to supply the new school house· -and the townsite. 'l'he latter is now being surveyed. The new townsite, nestling clo e , to the Sierra Mad res, overlooks · tht- hroad reaches of tl1e great Young Jersey 1md Ho~!l Stuck of the Colony Herd . Antelop(' Vulley. The distance hom the present residenoe cenis h('t ,,.<·<·n H and ~J o '<·loek in the morning. The nights ter is ahout two miles. The elevation is considerably ar·•· n·fr·t•shinl-{ly t·ool and plenty of bedding is essential gr<'ater than the present, whit:h is ::!188 feet. Under the direction of Comrade Jolm ~arrim11n , to c·omfort. ThPre is a good prospcet that Llano will have a the new swimming pool was completed .recently lind hrass hand ht'fore another month. The Saturday night filled for t.he first 'time. The Colonists will be a hle dant·t·o.; nrP !win~ ('Ontinnrd with inPreasing attendancr. to now rnjo~· ~nothrr luxnry. Tlw dimen~ion of the If t l11 ·ir poprrlarity int·rt·ast•s an addition will have to he pool is fi5 · hy li'iO fret. N'"iu· it stands the nrwl~· finput onto 1l11· 1\sspmhly hall. The visitors ha\'C a keen ishPd Sol11rium in whith sun haths can be taken. dl'liglrt in tht• dant·<·s. "·hit·h arc frN·. The reports by the . h~ads of departments Dr. Roher! K. Williams, who has been looking aftct· the lwalth of the colonistsgiYe most dearly and sint·c· his ii!Til·;ll. !'(•ports that an nnusually concisely what has h e en accomplished good state of hr11lth is prevalent amongst thP r·t•sidPnts lwrr Ile hns found hut tt·ivial and is under ronten1plittion. · disord P r~o. so far. The good water anrl the ,.vrn and sa luhriops climate is largely ar-:. The extent of the t·ountahlr f'ot· this. At a recent meeting of agricultural operathr joint hoard he was duly rccommendrrl tions arc !liven as follows by Assistant to hr appointrd health offi<>er. lk S. C. llomcf, the· Llano dentist, will Snprrintendent F. W. soon hn u permnnent residfmt of the Colony. Carr: llis offire rq nipm en~ is nearly completed. One hunrlrerl and Part of th e furniture was made in the car~><'Yf'nty-five af'res of prntct· shop and is n credit to the institution. corn. 65 aC'res of Aided hy thr eapable Mrs. Hornef, he exwhich are hearlin~ prt•ts to havr nn ot'fice that will he a credit out. The third rutto all.v t·i ty. Twenty-five years of experience ting of hay has been in dent:tl work and travels that have taken taken from the 25Q him to e\·rry part of the world have won a aC't'es of alfalfa and rrputation that is well established. It might the fourth cutting is well hP arlded that Socialism has been one of now under way. At Sandbox and Irrigation Gates thr first thoughts with Dr. Hornef always. the Mescal tract 30 It is the opportunity to live in a Socialist arres of corn and 50 eommunity that has brought Llano this valuable citizen. acres of alfalf11 adrl to the wealth of J,Jano. The total R W. 0offrcn, recently elected manager of the :~mount of land under c111tivation. including garden, finance dE'partment and appointed assistant postmaster, onharrl. nursery, nlfalf~t. rte., is i2oo acres. has initiated many inno,·ations in the office. DistribuA rE'port ~rom the building department shows that tion sheets will show the amount of labor. in each de- thr community h:t<; fi4 t<'nt-honses (part boards and �T h e · W e b t ern· 0 o m r a d e lf part canvas) and twelve tents fer visitors. There are to t n inches of ~:md, whi' h will furnish constant bet twelve wooden houses and four ranch houses. Twelve water tor the hakery and the hotel kitchen. It is· · clay brick (adobe) !louses l1avc ht-en completed and po sible also t~. e tablish a temporary laundry at the occupied, five others are ready for roois, anq thirteen rear of the bakery in a separate building where' the stone foundations havt- been completed upon which hot wat r W<'nlcl i>e nvailable to take care of that dehouses soon will be partment until we can erect the industrial started. addition to building and e tablish the perm~ent this the foundation for laund~:y. W can then' turn. the temporan addition to the office ~ry lu\).ndry into sho)ver baths. building has been fin.' · ~'hb carpenter shop has done good ished. This calls for 'service. 'fh.e amount of izing an.d re-sawfour additional office ing bas·· been·:too great for the machines rooms, and a room 18 tj:l t atE' no~ in u c, as they were not inby 24 feet for the manten~ed fot that kind of work. In this . agers' meetings, which di~ision In>& made the door and window are held every night. frames, ~rereen , · t11 hies and other cabinet The following is tRken • wot·k: Recently they made 50 bee hives from ll report to the arid lfiOO .fillers for bee hives. The cabiCommunity Women Enjoy Haying Time . · nt>t ·wot·k for· the dentist's office is practi•·ommunit~· C'ommission hy Comrade George cally comp!eted, ·and a large batch of sash Ir('ffn<'r, manager of the <'Onstruction department: for the colony house i r eady to run.'' ''The foundation and floor of a silo 25 feet in Llano ~'ocal Sociatist Party ' has 51 members and a tliametrr and :~0 fP Pt high is now ready for the walls . teady and good 'a.ttt>ndance at ev~ry meeting. Frank and a crew is hu!<y making the concrete blocks to lay J,impach is the · secretary. It seems to some persons them up. strange that "pTopaganda" meetings should be held in ''A good portion of the mason ·w ork for a sanitary this community;but these gatherings are very popular dairy harn , 42 feet hy l 50 feet, has been completed and and frequently visiting "nons" an<l''nears" get something to make them· thin_k. About 250 persons attend · the joi<;t and roofing will soon be in place. ''A start has also been made in getting out materials these meetings. Comrade J. Stitt Wilson comm~nted for the construction of shelter for our work-stock, and on this, saying he knew no other place in California if present plans are carried out a buildir.g will be erected 36 feet wide and 140 feet long, with a hay rack down the center' that will hold from 20 to 25 tons of hay, so that we c11n removP an entire stack when we break in on it. · "We l1ave two poultry houses, . 1 ~ fret h;v GO fpet, of an approved type. Also a · broode'r • house, 14 feet hy 24 feet, dh·ided into three Rpartments. There are completed t'''O rabbit hm1ses, one 68 feet long Rnd o,e 72 feet long; the combined <·a pacity '!Jcing 210 breeders. Beside the house there is a yard fo r the young stock, 58 feet by 64 feet, enclosed on four sides · SwiRs Milch Goats Thrive on the Llano. with chicken wire four feet high. 'fhe club house contains between 10,000 and 11,000 square feet of floor space. where several hundred Socialists can be gathered to"'fhP bakeoven now in <'Ourse of construction will gether within an hour 's notice. The local grows steadhave a capacity o~ 125 lollvE-s at one batch and two or ily and some day will he the largest' and most solidly three batches per day can be baked. The plan is to knit organization in California. Tht> sanit11r · commission, of which B. R. Brainard is lay a coil of pipe over the arch and cover it ~ith eight In �The Weatef'a Comf'ade mperintendent, ia proud of ita record made in standing two inspections by state officials and getting a clean bill. The county health department says we have the cleanest, most sanitary village in California. D. C. Copley, who is in charge of the poultry department, reports 2000 stock. Of these there will soon he 1200 laying hens, culled closely, as this ~ger does not believe in keeping boarders. This department if! now supplying fat young fryers and broilers and 110me ducks for roasting. This department was without a head and without proper organization and supplies until too late in the season to plan extensive incubating. Comrade Copley has the department SQ well conducted that every member of the communi1!y is proud of it. lie has plans for the future.- He wili plan large t·xten!lions for next season, when an attempt will be made to raise an immense flock of turkeys. During the winter there will be constructed additional brooder houses and new incubator buildings, With this done and the rancho on an extensive grain-producing basis, the hir·ds will be increased to several thousand. we will take the soil from beneath our feet and huild houses nnd from the same soil take the grain and this will enable us to run a poultry department that wiJl produce eggs and meat not only for this comiDJUn-· ity, but will be a big revenue producer in the future. This was, in effect, the report of Department Manager Copley. r~co A. Dawson, department of horticulture, has made a report showing excellent progress in his division. With his assistants he is preparing 7000 seedlings for· budding to stone fruits such as Satsuma and 'l'ragedy plums, ;French and Silver prunes and Salway, Elher·tn and cling peaches. The honey locust trees hnve made nn average growth of three feet from seedlings as large as lead pencils last spring. 'fwo thousand strawberry plants are making a fine showing and many thousand plants will be raised from these for rwxt season. Tw.enty-five hundred blackberry and lognnberry plants have made an average growth of three feet. The row of 100 rhubarb plants look promisin!f and large quantities of this can be produced. ~fany thou ands grape cuttings have made a good ~owth of ten inches. About thirty acres will be plnnted in grapes. These are Concords, Sultanas. Musl'llts, Tokay, Thompson seedless and Black Conichon. One hundred acres will be planted in apples next winter. The Bartlett pear acreage will be increased by nt lea t 160 acres at the next planting season. The young pear orchards on the colony have made an aYernge gr·owth of four feet. There is a large number of flourishing trees on hand and a "family orchard" will he pl11.nted for the community. This will contain among other fruits, eYen ntrieties of plums, prune and summer appl Several acre in experimental sunfto ha tnrned out fine and this will form a part of the poUltry food for the future. Experimental cotton plants are flourishing. The peanuts planted late are showing up well and will be a .part of the crops of the future. There are 137 head of cattle in the colony herd. This division ~ und.e r the able hand ·of Oliver Luton. There is a large number of part.icularly promi ing young heifers. . The.re are 175 head of hogs in the pork diviSion. Fifty of these are good brood sows. The grade o! tbi11 stock is improving and a change will be made to all P(}land.€hinas. From the gar~n the colony is getting n large amount of. vegetabl~s. Two wngon loads of lu ciou wa't ermeions are distributed each day. There are five acres in l\luskmelons just ripening. Seventeen acrl' of potatoes h11-ve been dug and these are running frorri 30 to 50 sacks to the acre. Three acres of onions.are ready for digging an·d two acres will be put in the same product at the fa'll planting. A -large supply of a great variety of vegetables i hcing tur;ned over to the commissary department. P. A. Knobhs; who is in charg~J of this department has mnde a wonderful showing considering the fact that he has been working with recently cleared wild lands. It has taken considerable figuring to get the depart-. ment of social service running smoothly on the eighthour basis. The workers in the clubouse, kitchen and dining room have the reguiation hours and one day off each week. The hand laundry has been organized under the direction .of William B. Hunter, who has completed his arrangements for taking the work of the colony preparatory to opening the new steam laundry, Plans are virtually completed for the irrigation system for the entire community. This department is now in the hands of H. ~f. Wood, who has ha.d wide experience in the business. The system as planned will take a large quantity of pipe as well as several miles of large cobble-stone ditches. Each of these ditches will be capable of carrying at least 2500 inches of water. The initial system as planned would ~nclude fiye cobble-stone ditches from one to three miles 'in length. The first installation of pipe as laterals from theee ditches will be fourteen miles. Some of these laterals will be the h<>ad pipe lines for orchards having turnouts at eaeh tre<> row. Others will be larger pipe with tumouts at each 100 feet for alfalfa irrigation. There will he stands eYery 660 feet with gates to control the water into the different pipe lines. This is only the initial l'ystt>m, whi<>h will he duplicated all over the ranch, which prol!ably sooner or later will eover 20,000 acres or more. �The -Western Comrade •· lfi Aid to Our Kings By FRANK H. WARE M ARS walked beside the parapet and laughed. Tl-_e . hoarse echoes grated through the hollow corridors of his fortress-palace. In silence he leaned Torward and looked below, to Earth, where grappled millions of men midst tbe screams of heavy shells that · l•urtled through the air and fell, ploughing in their j ourney of death through villages, homes and .factories. Here and tnere captured towns lay pillaged and hurned, while in others soldiers were killing the unarmed and looting. In one little village in Poland, jagged walls stood as mute evidence of ~ raking cannon fire. 1'he main 1 THE RESPONSIBI!JI1'Y FOR THE WAR God: "I've read the green, yellow. and blue books, and know less than ever who is in the wrong." St. Peter : "Suppose we settle It with t he dice." -Pasqulno, Turin street of the town was strewn with wreckage, and here and there lay bodies of women and children-the ravished and the more mercifully slain. A young girl, hair flowing across her shoulders and clothing half town from ~er body, screamed and dHshed froll1 the ruins of her little home. Close be- hind came a young officer, b.lood oozing and dripping from a uasty wound in his cheek. Still.clutcl!Jng the neck of a .broken bottle the giri sped, up the street, fear Jendqig ~gs to her fee~. The officer, hoarsely. command.iDg . hett t o halt, quickly closed the distance ·.between them,· and drawing his sword raised it above his head-·The pallid face of a girl stared with . glazed and unseeing eyes from ~he dust. The din of battle went on as before ' au!f again the laughter of Mars rang through the · corridors. Night came- and the toll-keeper counted his dead. "How mB.ny T" grow led Mars. •i Twenty~five thousand," came the reply ·i n slow monotone. ".And the total f'' " 10,_71 6,210 to -date." Narrowing ' his bloodshot eyes to puffy slits, the great god turned to momentary thought. From be. hind a pillar in the corridor crept a gaunt, skeletonlike creature,·who rushed forward and prostrated herself with a clatter before Mars~ .T he war god stirred and, opening his eyes,_ started in surprise. "Famine ! " he cried, "Arise-waste no time. To Earth-Famine-tonight! Let thy hungry belly feaat on women, babes and ·tnen. Haste-begone!'' · The creature arose, a hideous grin playing across her fleshfess face. TuPning she strode into the corridor. A hollow clattering followed her. Long after the echoes had died, Mars stood silent and stared into vacancy.• "I w~nder," he mwted slowly, "I wonder-if-" Wht>eling suddenly on his heel he strode to an- . other part of the palace and stopped before a massive door. . Groaning and creaking on rusty hinges the door swung slowly- open. In the center of a little room sat .another creature much dirtier and more bedraggled than Famine. "Pestilence !'' greeted Mars through his teeth, "stir thy foul rags and follow in the footlteps of thy sister Famine. Go blow thy breath on stricken villages of starving men and women. To the hospitals, t<>nigbt, and seize those sor£> wounded and aid them to their graves. Hasten-spare none!" A stench arose and followed her as she passed along the hallways, and the black plantl and flowers of the corridors withered and died as she neared. "Famine ! Pestil£>nce!'' Mars walked to his throneroom chuckling grimly. (Continued on Page 30) �11S T he Western C omrade R obert • tnor, Workers' New ·champion ... '' HELLO, WILSON! THIS IS THE AMERICAN PEOPLE TALKING : WE WANT WAR! " L ABOR in America should be .. congratulated on the fact that tht> greatest cartoonist of a generation Ju~s joined the staff of the world·'> leading Socialist publica. tion. The New York C"all has enlisted Robert :\linor and the daily cartoon of that publication has pro:t>n not only ope of its greatt>st attractions, but one oj the mo t powerful propaganda fe~tures . .Minor's cartoons are reproduced' ~verywhere. ~o compelling are his ·m~sterly<r drawings, so keen his ideas and -l'O...,...anappy the captions that editors ~n~ them irrPsistihle. Where~er \hert'ls a man . with red bl~ ··a radical ~..r.rnd a'n d· a spirit pf daring back .ohhe scissors, yoJ vnjJ. find Minor · cartoons- reprinted. .' In presenting this 'p8.ge to itarcade~..S, the ~ditor~ of\a,'he Westt>ro Cumrade feel it ha.rl offered a treat.' ~ e~r~s&~~ taken at rao,doM-~ft~Hu:rwas made . ()thcr 1hap to olJta~ 'il variety to sho_w the ~~ua-"ful .pbwer of this art1~t o~ revplt. • : f~oba ~ ..-~ener . 1~hrust has c•cr bee made at .the- prostitute press than that wh'fe the painted lady is sh~wp teleplioning P resitleilt Wilson, using the voioo ,of :the people in a d~tttand· for ~ " MEAT AHEAD !" ·- ' ~ �., The Western Comrade 11ist of the Revolt . II ., SING SING PRISON REVERTS TO ·OLD SYSTEM SUITABLE TO " CHRISTIAN CIVILIZA'l'ION " !" THE DYNAMITE SOWER ... ., �The Western Comrade" 18 Billy's Buffoonery DR. CHARLES F. AKED, pastor of the First .Congregational Church of San Francisco, resigned from a committee of one hundred because· the organization booked BU!y Sunday to "preach" ln Its Tabernacle. Then the Sunday press agents made their worst tumble by stirring up the al!alr. It might have healed, but these enterprising dopesters don't know such things never get well It you p!ck them. Dr. ~ked made a statement in which he characterIzed , Billy's pulpit mannerisms and bul!oonery and blasphemy. Then the p. a. picked it and Dr. Aked. came through with a bill of particulars that seems suftlcient. Here it is : WITHDREW from the Committee of One Hundred I quietly, without fuss or publicity. I gave my reasons to the committee and supposed the matter was closed. I did not send to the secular press a copy of my letter. I do not know, and can not learn, what member of the comrnittPe made my resignation public. It all comes to this: I do not lmow of any consJ<leration in the wo!'ld which would induce me to becomc• a party to the buffoonery and blasphemy of a ''Billy Rund11y'' mission. The justification of this language is to be· found in the reports of the San Francisco press. "CIPopatra was a flat nosed wench who sailed_ up the Nile clothed only in sunshine and climate." Let it he admitted that I have not secured from Dr. Sunday or from Bishop Hughes or from Dr. H. H. Bell a guarantee that Dr. Sunday said this in precisely these words. But nobody has denied it-neither Dr. Sunday nor the person described by the newspapers as his "officilll press agent," nor Dr. Bell, nor anybody else. The report stands. Let us usc plain and honest speech. I do not know whether Cleopatra ever sat naked in a boat and caused herself to he rowed up the River Nile. Yet I take my stand here: that nothing•on God's earth can justify in a sermon tlw le!'ring suggestiveness of Dr. Sunday's phrases. There can be only one object in stating the factif it is a fact-in that way. And the object is-dirt. And parents may very well ponder this quotation: ''Pilate was a lick-spitHe, low-down, free-lunch, hogpouched, pitiable, plastic, ward-heeling, whisky-soaked 1 graft politician of his day.'' If their boys bring this language into the home they- fathers and mothers-will understand that the t . , youngsters have not been to a prizefight nor to a salo(ln nor to a house of infamous resort. Parents will under' stand that the boys have been to a religious service, ! and have listened to a preacher who by the gra of an American college is a Doctor of Divinity, and who is supported by the leading clergy of San Fmn- l CJSCO. My opposition to the proposal to invite Dr. Sunday : could not, of course, be grounded in these utterances, h!'cause the meeting at which I voiced my ·Objections ! was held many months 11go, and my letter withdraw- ing from the committee was written nearly two weeks ago. I had bef~re . !(1e . at that time such evidence as this: ·· Princeton University refused to invite Dr. Sunday, and "gave its reasons. The dean of the graduate school, over· · his ·own signature, printed quotations from Dr_ Sunday's .''sermons.'' And these are specimens: "If a .minister . helieve.s and teaches evolution he is a stinking skunk, a hypocrite and a liar.'' "If I were the wife of some of you men, I'd refuse to clean their old. spittoons. I say let every hog clean his own trough.'' ''Your wife has as good a right to line up before a bar and fill up her skin with the hog-gut you do, as you have." ''Then Herodias carne in and danced with her foot stuck out to a quarter to twelve, and old Herod said, 'Sis, you 're a peach. You can · have anything you want even to the half ·o f .my kingdom.' She hiked off to her licentious mother." "Why, a man with red blood in his veins can't look at half the women in the .streets now and not have impure thoughts.'' "Little girl. y!lu look ilo small; Don't you wear no clothes a.t all! Don't you wear no chemise shirt! Don't you wear no petty skirt? Don't you wear no · U~Jderclothes But your corset and your ho!e!" They call this a revival of religion. But it will be observed that in my letter to the eommittee I took another ground. I did so because I had read the apologies made for Dr. Sunday by clergymen and heard in committee the arguments in support of the invitation. If the pulpit and the new substitute for the religion of Jesus Christ are the gospel according to "Billy Sunday," then Protestant Christianity i~ doomed and man's indignant heart will turn away to· find the symbols of its faith eisewhere. • • • The Twin City RPporter of :\finneapolis throws a glimm!'r of light on the RPY. Rilly 's madness and indicat!'s hP is liS fool ish as 11 fox. He is quoted as saying: "Why do people-Pspecially the workin-g people-fall for this r eligious gameY I can't understand it. It 's funny th ~ way th py:.go r razy and give up the m.oney.'' �The Western Comra.de lt The Muddling Worker By HOMER CONSTANTINE' A CRITICAL analysis of a widely printed photo- hazard style of the workers, muddling along with litgraph of a scene at;. Bay'?nne, New Jersey, strike tle or no team work, while the other fellow depends on riot would show that it was rather pporly faked. Why standmg together in concerted action-and wins. . have only one man in the attitude of drawing a re-- · A couple of. yea~:~ ago I spent con'side~!!-ble tim~ in Yol ver 1 . Why not several with drawn guns t In my ex· perience as a newspaper .photographer I faked them 1"""'_""":"'_ _ _.._ _"""":_ _ _ _ _......__ _ ....;._ __ _ worse tha~ that and knew of it being done dozens of · imes. But why shouid editors of Labor and Socialist publications be surprised or indignant about a cheating 1photograph. Is a lie by the camera worse than the myr·iad lies in the story ·written about the scenef As fo r the picture, I would ,\'ather believe it genuine and that the youth well down stage, in convenient range of the camera for "close-up stuff," is ref!lly drawing nn honest-to-god gun, and that he is about to get some netion. The disheartening feature of the photo is the lack of cohesion and team work on the part of the rioters. There are enough men present, tramping over most convenient paving stones, to have carried the trenches of the Rockefeller gunmen. It seems like the old, hap- T.he Wrong ·Ways Bayonne; a!l4 the seen~ · here shown was on my· route between the railway tation and my work. Looking at it now I al~ost regret I could not have b'een present~ Those smaller paving stones look so alluringly easy to dislodge. Do You Really Want Socialism? 'I By JOHN M. WORK '1' has been said that Socialism will not be introduced on Wednesday afternoon at half past two. In other words, it will not be a sudden process so that we can point to any specific date as the time when the new order was born. I agree with that statement. But, it is also true that there will come a time when we will win a general election and capture the powers of the National Government. That day will be the beginning of the end of the great struggle for Socialism. That day will .be the hegim1ing of the end of ex:ploitation, poverty, and all the soclial ills that blight the lives of the great host whose hearts are weary "longing for the strif~ to cease. '' I When will that day come f It will come · whenever the Socialists want it to (•Oml.'. We can have Socialism whenever the Socialists · !'Cally want Socialism. A minority of the Socialists are exceedingly active. Their work for the cause is all that could be desired 1 or expected. Brit there are thousands upon thousands of people who vote the Socialist ticket, ·and yet who nl.'vcr turn a hand over to get Socialism except by one act. That act ·is very commendable in itself, but, instead of being the &Qle act performed for the cause, it should be the culmination of many activities. 1\'laybe these people want Socialism,• but they certainly do not act like it. In order to get Socialism, it is necessary to convince a majority of the people that we ought to have itso that they, too, will vote the licket. There is no way to do this except through close, compact, thorough, efficient organization. We must fight systematically, not chaotically. We must fire broadsides, not popguns. We must meet the powerful organization or the ·enemy with an organization still more powerful. Ten million unorganized Socialists would have no terrors for the capitalist class. But half a million or- · ganized Socialists, carrying on a systematic, persistent, courageous, methodical propaganda, can turn tl1e United States, not upside down, but right side up, scare the plutes into spasms; carry the election, and introduce Socialism. You are not ~ good Socialist unless you are a mem- �Tbe ·.Wester-n llom:·r ade ber of the Socialist Party-organization. Y6tt are not a integral part of the DlO\'CDlent.. Ev~ry member; hould good Socialist unless you hP.stie f~r SocialiSm. , _ . . be aotivv.: Every mt'~1>er 'Should be thoroughly p6 t A Socialist who is not a member of the party or- , not only on tbe prin~iple but al o on ilie tactic and ganization is exploiting his own bro~l!r Socialists; be- current even of the movement, o that the organiucause he is mal,ing them perform the duties he ought tion will at all times b able to S\Ct with both wi dom to perform. . •. and expedition on every question that arise . We are already beginning to be called upon.,_.to step Tll.is insures tbe maintenance· of a rl\nk and file in and ~ake charge of the immediate work of making the movement. ~Both a thoroun-h and elficient organit"3tion transition from capitalism to S6cialism. In many lo- lllld 2. &.nd iile moven\ent are indi pt>nsable Ul the calitics, this responsibiTity llas already l5een · pla.ced · Sociali t .Ps.rty. · upon us. · · · · '· ·· what ft :requires · to , accomplish thest> result i :Yet, l!lany alleged Socialists still neglect the:- duty, thorough .o rganizati9n, co-ordinate effort, per 'istent agthough these successes ~ake it vastly easier thru.. hith- .. gr sivcQ.e ' wi e' foresight and indomitable courag . erto to build a powerful org~nization and .to reach the · T.he · ~m for, scatt~ring shot is gone. mirtdR of the people. Tb~ ~ime for-Fainbow-cha ing is gone. Joining the party organization and paying dues "'e must be·practical. We must u e common sen e. promrtly is the fir~t duty of every Socialist. No oth~r lYe .mu:!>t advance upon the enemy in perfect order work you can do for the cause will have such a telling ~:~nd in battle a~ray. 1 and far-t'Nif·lling !'ffrrt. . · · · By so 'doing, we shall win this politicai battle .and II a vin~ join<•d , h<• a member-a real member-not emaneipate ours~lves from the galling chains of capia d<'arl Oil<·. F.1·<·ry memher of the SoeialisfP-a rty"is 11n talism. rank Truth Will Conquer By ALBERT A. JAM ES relig-ion of Christ 11 myth? Is it 11 power in I Hthetlwwol'!d today ? ?\lind you, I do not refer to the visihl e organizrd church, but to the simple words and te1t<•h ings of .Jrsns as _rer·orded in the Bible. Is it a fad that ;m~· consid<>rable numher of the individuals of f!H' so-<·lllled Christian nntions of the wol'!rl hrliC'V(' that that Christ ever lived i.n the world a<; a man Y A'nd do tht>y beliew that His spirit is in th<· lwar·ts of men todny 1 Every·datc linr on every war order which sends the millions of working. mrn of one nation at the throats of the wm·krrs of anothrr nation, the date line, mind you, points to the birth of a baby in a manger, while the hody of the order.proves that the promoters of war have forgotten that the baby grew to manhood and taught and gav<> his life to prove that the world of the futme should he ruled by love and brotherhood and not by brute force. 1 Tht>. dntP line on CYery promissary note points to the birth of the savior of mankind, but the interest elausc proves •that the so-called Christians of today do not takE> .him seriou ly when he condemns the pr~tice of taking interest. · • 'l'ht> dnte lint's on evt>ry pit>et> of money points to the greate t day in the world's history, the day on whil'h tl1t> world's creator took on the form of man and came to live among the people as an example of how evil might be bani bed from am<mg men. Yet it is a common aying that money i the root of all evil. Jn the early centuries after Christ, the ruling cla s of the world -tried to destroy his ·work by killin'g .' those who were ms ·f ollowers. Later · they discovered a more effectrve plan, that was to pretend to accept his teachings and · by' hiding his words fro in the mass the~' gave out their saying as . the go pei and thus ensla-ved belit>vers !'lnd unqelievers alike. Too many of the world's dispossessed today he~r only the call of the fat parasite when he adminishes the "servants to .obt>v vour masters." · You are in· vi ted to turn to the \~o~ds of Jesus. and read there a rlldicalism that will make your Socialism look ~on­ <;ervlltive. RPad tht> words of the Carpenter of Galilee and you will find there truths that will turn your bate to lovt>. You will find there a social justice proposed that will m11ke the Co-opcrath·e Commonwealth appear as only the next step up the long stairway of human emai1cipation. ~rn the pages of any New Testament and 'read thert> the words · of the world's greatest man-lover. You will find truths which if properly used will driw the mental prostitutes orit of the pulpit and force them from the social and religiC'ns leadership of the nation. I answer my questions in the affll'Jllative. The world 's greatc t teal' her, who was murdered by thr ruling class nt>arly two thou A'nd years ago, still lives in the ht>arts of mPn today. His truths will bring fref>dom to the wagt> slavt>s of America today. �The Western. Co rade r Recall this · Judge! ''SJOX your n:unC' and driw· a recall nail in_ f.he politil·lll 1·offin of .Judge Willis." Lo!4 J\ttgl'll'l' waH the first C'ity in the United 'tates ,,, n•c·.all au otlic·irol who opposrd the will of the people, I 11 thi" latt"c;;t :tppt·al is a hit stat1ling to the average ,.,. iz•·rt who i~; ~topr11· d on the street by circulators of I'' 1it iouK Hnd a,.;kt·d to •wnt!•IJ('(' a superior judgr to relll'o•lfll'llt for lift•. "\\'E Al'PI\,\L TO TilE PEOPLE WHO ARE .\I'.OVE ALL .JlJDGES. .. So proclaims- hand pills ll'llllt•d hy tlw Anti-Grand Jury League, which goes on '' ' stat1· that tlw Ct>ntral Labor Council, the Building Oavld Caplan and llf!ltthew Schmidt Tr~tdl's ( 'ount·il :wd th1• ~ol'inlist Assembly of Los Anl!•·lt·-; hu\'!• nil pns.·N! rPsolutions imilar in intent, the ""'' pn. >wtl hy tl11• ('t>ntrnl Lnbor Conn<'il rt>ading as t'ullnw. : t \\'IIJ<~IH~A~. tht> fntr of .fohn Law on today may be I It · t';rh• of ~\11." num tomorrow whose power to organize tft,. workt•r. tht• m11 tl'rela. {('ars and WlmREA~. •rnnd .Juri(' in Colorado hue indicted ltt mdrt>t:l.· or l'nion ~line . but not one mine-Qwner, lUI! I in :-\t•w York , t•of't', of Garmt>nt Workt>~ but not "'''' t•lothinl! trtult• E>mployt>r, and \\'IIEREA.', .r~nd Jurit>S in California have jut ! ·••n ~iYt'n :m adtiro len~th of rope with which to 1 ''"'" th01e Ht:tt tht.>y han• indil'ted, by the deei ·,.u o! -Tudgl' 1<'. R. Willil . giwn iu open court, in whieh l1e dedar<>tl that the indictment of Caplan and "'cltmidt' wa legal "Reg.ardle of wht>ther or not tltere • · preti!!dice on tht> part of cl.'rtain rand Juror bo returnt>d th<' indietmt>nt, ·· tbrrefore b(' it RE OLVED tl:a"·it i the duty of good citiztln hip to (1) recall Judge· _F . R.: Willi from thr ·henrh; (2) to initi'ate comtifutional amendment aholishiug rnnd Jury Procl.'ss in Californi-a ; (3). to form nn ANTIGRAND JURY LEAGUE in Lo Angele , alifornia, and throughout the United tates, and be it al o RESOLVED that we constitute ourselves a committ('t> of OU-t> . hundred· to obtain 'th(' ignatUI'l'S of friends and mrmbers of ·organized Lnbor in Los AngriPs to the aforelllentiont>d :rcall and initiative pc· tition. Romething new, this recall .tnOYe in the deft>IHll' or prisoners who are being' tried in ('apit!llist 's rourts hy !'a pit a list's judgt>s and rapitalist 's jurit>s wth 1 he pr~>h· a hie eapitalist 's verdict; something new-yes, ;wd a most unpleasimt novrlty to. thesl' jtidgPs who Sl'r ap prals taken from the courts to the people! The resolution passed by the Soeialist Assemhly sets fo.rth in part that . "The grand jury which in'di~ted Schmidt and !1Jl· Jan wa~ an illegal grand jury in thi~, to-wit, that it <'ontllin('d in its mt>mh('rship F ..H.. Hughes aud H. H. i\1a,vhcrr~', personal friends of F . J. ZE"ehandelaar, tlw ~~·eretary of the Merchants and Manufacturers ·Asso!'iat ion of Los 4-ngeles; E. H. Greppin, a former director of said Association; L. J. G. Rpruance and 11. J. Whitll'y, who had the 0. K. of said Association and its said srerl'tary: J. E. Carr~ a former• partner of W. D. , Stevt>ns, a rcpresl'ntativc in CongreSR, aud believed l;y the said Zeehandlaar to be on the side of the Association: John Blesser, believed by the l'!aid Zeehandclaar to he also on the side of the said Aslilociation; E .•J. VawtC'r, also believed hy the ·said Zeehandlaar to. be on thP. sidf' of the said Assoc·iation; 1<~. A. }<"()rester, a 11trong. anti-union man, and Charles A. Wier, one of the . trong:est admirers of the said Assocmtion and itH said secretary." . orne prl'judiee in such a jury list as that-is there not! And the judgl' who would ignore such prejudicewhat hould be done to him f If you had a chance to sign a petition for his reCAJI - what would you doT Here i an opportunity for lonrs of {reedDm to trik(' a blow at oppr ion and tyranny by the courta of <"apitalism. �The Western Comrade Christian Balzac Hoffman C O~IRADF. CHRJSTIA~ BALZAC HOFF~IAN has left us and we lose one of the bravest, gentlest iiOUI~> that has dt•voted a valuable life to the noblest eau'!e. lli,; loHs will be keenly felt not only by,_those . who wPrt' more closely associated with him, but by thOU"!:ttlds or ahscnt comrades WAO have known him and Jon•d him. Thl•y knew his writing and his work on the- platform. Comrade Hoffman 's successes in the business world ('arly in life did not lessen this profound love for hi-; f'dlo\\·.man. Tht> grim sordidness of commercial life madt· no imprt>ss on his lovable personality. As a propal.("and ist he was untiring1 patient and withal forceful arH] t:onvineing. . ThP Pntl <·arHc for him as he had wished. He passed q 11 it•! ly a ftpr· an acti n• <lay's work. for the cause he lovpd so wPII. To Comrade Anna, the beloved wife who snl'\'i\'t>S him, W<' extend our sincerest; deepest R.vrnpatlty. A notP from her breathes a loyalty and devol ion to his mcmor·y, and a brave support of her ber·pa \'('tnPnt that is inspirational to still greater efforts in t ht> f':tlls<' to whiPh this great soul was so devoted.-'(Tht· Etlitors.l It is a great blood-letting of the PEOPLE, planned and ordered by the rulers to quiet the · pirit of revolution-democracy--Socialism ; to weaken and exhau t the people ; to blind them with hatred; to divide them into nations ahd countries; to reduce .them into tribe. and cla~; to . set them to ~ghting and killing each + + + (This powerful arraignment of war and the makers of war waa written ahortly before the death of Comrade Hoffman.) I Do You Want War? MEAN you-the mother- the father- the brotherthe sister-the woman-the man. I am asking you: DO YOU WAN'l' WAR? I am not asking the money h>nder, the bond br·oker, the manufacturer of ammunition, of guns, shot and shell nor the exporter of foodi:luffs and mules. I am asking YOU. Not the politi(•inn, th~ statesmen. the patriot, the American, the Englishman, the Ger1nan, the Frenchman, the Russian, the 'l'nrk. I GO BEYOND THESE-TO THE REAL YOU. l appeal to your heart, your soul, to your manhood, your womanhood, TO YOU AS A MEMBER OF THE \~HEAT RROTHERIIOOD-1\IANKIND. Do you W!lnt war? Do you want to drench the whole world in blood ? Is it not enough that Europe is blood-mad, frenzied with fire, rape, murder T Is Amt'riC'a to he dr11wn into the orgy-into the deathdance of c•ivilizntion f Are yon forgetting that this is a war of the rich T Thi-, is not a revolution of the people against their opprt>ssors-of the workers against their exploiters-of slavt's against masters-of poor against rich. This is a war of the ARISTOCRACY-OF KINGS AND PRINCES. other; to forget that they are brothers, common men and women who own nothing except their strength to toil and have nothing to lose but their chains. Rew:~re, you sticklers for national honor-you prodders of patriots! . • Should you sucC'eed in involving America in war you may be unable to control the universal fr-enzy. The exploited of the world, the homeless, jphlP!!S vagabonds, the tramps and loafers, the degenerates who rot in your jails and asylums-who fester in your slums and swarm in your cities, may take you at your word. may follow your preachings and example and burn, rape and kill on their own aeconnt. Yon are playing with fire-hell's fire-when yon push this ·game to the limit. �The We..ste'1" Let By EDMU Co 1"a.de en-- Li D R. BRU P RESS reports inform us that Thomas A. Edison, the grt'atest living inventive genius, has been .en,l!llgt•d hy the Navy Department to de,Yjge new and uwrt• d••adly instruments of destruction. Following ..Jo<w upon this is another and even graver announ<:enwnt-that substantial increases are to be made in t lw 1u·my and all military equipment. No doubt a great many know nothing of either event. Probably few wlw know, sec anything therein to cause concern. Certain it i11, howcvt'r, that scarcely a protest has been mad ·, and from many quarters has come most hearty <tpplanK('. lt all goes ' to show that, while making a ~n·at JH'('f<•nse of being for peace, and though we have ~.- ort•d sevcr<'ly tllc nations of Europe· for indulging iu war, we, the American people, are not free from tlwir <'rror, hut are blindly, boastfully, treading the l't•ry same path O\'er which the warring countries have t•usht•d to their present fearful sacrifice of life and t rt•nRurc. Who cun dispute it 1 And if there be those who cu n, how c11n they profess to possess regard for truth or to he intelligent? When genius is prostituted to the purposes of war, than which no baser purposes exist; when tens of thousands of strong. young men are to lw taken from home and friends and the pursuits of prn' and led to die on the battlefield or herded into bnrraeks, prepared to meet such death; when an insidious, widespread propaganda. of war-malting patriotism i well under way, with editors and teachers nnd pr aehers giving it strong support-when this is the cas , is not some foreboding justified T Is it the part of pl'\tdence to sit with folded hands and ascribe nn t rnity to peace while "those who have caught th rabies from the dogs of war" persist in trying to pr duct' an pidemic of the same disease f Th d ath of my father not long ago has made me fc•t•l more d ply than ver the preciousness and sacredne s of human life. In spite of its sorrow and trials, words are too weak to express its \vondrous charm. and the w alth of "'orld were inadequate return for the !-!1 m and tht' heartaehe that. attends its passing. "Let ~ft'n Li t>! ' Let this be our slogan. Let men live:m livE' a men should live. Life must be preserved 11. long a po ible, be lifted up, made joyous and free. 1t will lw. t> y and j iee demand it, and an enli~hte •f'd. u~ ful manhood and womanhood will bring i1 to p.'l . Life · worth living now with all of its n~l W()(' • What will it be when a just ooal ~ankindT , BA GH ,It is hard to y nd ind i bould try. Prophee i a tJumkl . lt only invite : the · Jeers and n soul. and e en we who are lookin far for~ ard NUl ~att.~h but ,a .,.limp 'e of the glory that i t b . Th rational, ocially ·rightflOu · man not' only dNam , hut h<" s~rive to mnke his dream om tru . He cmmot be contl'-nt 'Yith a count<'rfeit t•ivilizati n. Hi •rath is aroused by a y tom that produc war or shack! AN IMPERTINENT UNCLE • Sbe: ..you alwaY.• follow me, and even count my footsteps. To know what· you want of me 1.t of no a.coount to me." -Oan~, San .Antonio, Tnu A ' 'Mex:lc:an-Ameri;:an•• view of tb<:o •ltuatlnn. life- to a ne-edle-u struggle for animal ~eaitiet. The man of today wbo is making bistol')", promoting prog~ re _ advancing the world, i.s a walking protest agaiu.t anything or anybody that, mddeBly or by degreft, destroy oman life, de-ft>ating ita purpCM~e and denying its vmue. -;. �The Western Comrade 24 Llano Dramatic Club T~E Live Wire Dram.ati~ Club of the Llano del Rio Community h, "cored another ucces in the produc- · tion of a farce comedy that proved a riot of fun from the minute the cur. tain rang up to the tag, -a new ong of the co~pmu.Dity. The company played to a capacity houst>-;-meaning everybody in ,Llnao. Standing room only and overflow are the rules of Llano amu ement .for two reasQns-the attractions are -good and no admis ion is charged. The east of the Si locumb play iu. eluded: 'W. A. Engle in the title role, ::\Irs. B. R. Brainerd, Ray Keough. ::'lf·r s. Keough, the Wall ace brother• I and their wives, Dr. R. K. Williams. E arle E. Glass, F. P. ~Icl\Iahon, G•·o. · T. Pickett, Wm. Schnitzer, B. R. Brainerd, ::\Irs. McMahon, .David. Ce.darstrom. . Local hits and songs were libe'rally 1 interspersed. Dr. Williams and l\Ir ·1 W a llaee sang a duet that bt·ought half a dozen encores. Dr. " rilliams by· n clt>Yer· piece of "busines. .. . IH·ought .Comr·ade Wiley of Fre no on the stage and the community metn· hers heard their nPw master of song for the first time.. lie not only sang. hut within a few minutes he had eYerybody present singing, and sing· ing 'well. It was inspiring to many \·isitors to see and hear the pioneers lustily joinipg. in the chorus. With an all-star cast it would not be :fa.ir ·to make selections. The success of t lte play is most en~lOuraging to the cluh and another play is on the way. Two dramatic companies and a ~ninstrel troupe :henceforth will f<YI'm a large part of the amus mentli of the c-ommunity. Wh~n better faciliti~s are provided for theatrical produe· tions n greater lmpPtus will he' givPn to dramatics in the communitv. At prPsent the assembly hall at the cluh house has a eapacity of only· ahout 4;)0 and the seats are always fill ed 11nci thP standing room occupied he· fore the rurtain rings 'up. 'I'he arts and crafts club has joinf'd with the Linn? lo~al S~eialist ~arty and the eombrnatton wtll contnbutt 1 the next pntertainment. · When the hig silo, 20 feet in diam"tl'r and 40 fePt }ligh, is completPd it will hp visihle for hundreds of mill's a,.rmls the valley. Ultimatl'ly 11 st"archlight will be placed on the top of this silo and its rays will startle the people within a radius of !lt>Yeral hundred miles. '1 ~ . ' ' I am writi.ng to ]pt you loiow it ain't. all april'ot jam and honey · ,¥,id nevC't' rndin.g good ~Iimate out ·her·e in Llano. ·~ ~~Ye~terday -1 stay¢ in the pellch orchar;d at the Tilghman 11 ce , nftt>r the -·othe?.'kids had g6ue. .I "';as laying und_'Cr a tree · the Engle]~P:\11\.-S~arty was' ihere too. Then it got kinder lart and a w~·'C~\Re i1p and , ,\•e started for home. l was \'ating a dandy juicy peach and singing" I'm glad my mother didn't raise me to hr.:!\ i36l'dter·, •_:_ het~.J)n ·1)it<\s and not minding the wirul 'nntil it oegan to blo\lr the alfalfa so that you would have thought Y£!\1 \n>rr waiJ<ing on the ocean. Smarty was ·walking along side of me, feeling friend ly like with everything till the . ~vind, phoof, upended Smarty and blew him i\wny O\'<'t' the gr·.('(~n · and made him real mad so he barked while he was n going. It would have taken me too but I :was hnllastl'd with peaches so I just laughed tho' I couldn 't see where 1 wa going-till I saw stars-when a peach hit me on the nose :md I woke up. Gee, I'm glad now I doni live where there's cyclones or blizZI'.rds, , Yours fraternally, Fatty Smith. - Prt<wlng and Te"t by M . A. K empr �. 25 The Western Comrade Knit Underwe·ar ------------------------------~---------------------------- Cheapest Because I.t .·W .e ars_. Bes·t · ·.·Men'~ Women's l'nion Suit~. low neck, knee le n gth, sizes 32 to H .. . ...... .. .................... $1.25 l ' nion Suits. half low n Pck . e lbow s leeYes, ankle length. s izE's 32 to 44 ___ .. _.. _.. . ........... 1.25 l'ndE'r \' ests. s leeYeless, s izes 30 to 44. . . . . . . . . .3~ :'\ight Hohes. sizes 32 to 46 ..............-.. ... . 1.50 HosE'. extra wearing, l.Ji ack , sizes 8 to lO'h .. . . . .30 Hose·. 1-ij{,ht weight. all colors, s izes 8 to l O'h .. . .50 Undershirts, light weight, cream; sizes 34 to 44 .. $ .75 Undershirts, ·light weight, black, sizes 34 to 44 .. 1.00 Drawer s, light weight, er eam, sizes 30 to 44 . . . . .75 Drawers, light we ight, c ream; t~lzes 30 to 44 .... 1.00 Shirts and _D~awers, -double fl eeced, grey, sizes 30 to 44 .... . ...... ..... ......... , . ....... . . 1.25 Shirts and :Orawers, Egypti11n cotton, ecru, sizes 30 to 44 ... ... •....... . ................ 1.50 Boys' Girls' Children's l'nion Suits. sizes 2ll to 30 . . . $ .50 l 'nion Suits, bette r grade, s izE's 20 to ~o ...... _.. . 1.00 Hose, bla<·k. tan o r white , sizes G to l11 1h ............. . . .25 Taped unions, answering purpose of a wa ist, sizes 20 to 28 .. ......... ....... . $ .65 Same as above, on ly b e tt e r grade. s izes 20 to 28. . . 1.05 U nion Suits, size~ 2·0 to 32 .... $ .60 U nion Suits, t.~ _ter g~a4e, sizes 20 to 32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Sportsman hos e for ·boys, sizes 6 to lO'h ... .. ... .25 · to .40·- Pure Wool Goods ~lade h~- \Yool nrowt·rs' Co-opcr:ttivc :Mills. Dirert From Sheep's B~H·k to Yonr Back. Dlack and Grey Mackinaw Coat, len gth 35 inches, s izes 36 to 44 ............ . ........ .. $8.00 Trousers, Grey and Navy Blt:e, usu.al sizes ...... $4.00 Shirts, Grey and Na vy Blue, usual sizes . . .. .. . • 3.00 Blankets Men's Hose White or grey, 70x82 in ., weight 5 lbs .. . . ..... .. $7.85 Grey, 70x82 in ., we ight 7'h lbs.... .. . . . . . .. .... 9.90 Extra wearing value, Mack, sizes 9 to ll 'h .... . $ .25 H eavy weight, black, sizes 9 to lllh, 3 pairs .... 1.00 Llano del Rio Community. <Mail Order Department) 923 Higgins Bldg. Los Angeles, Cal. (Make nil checks or money orders p11ya\Jie to Llano de l Rio Company) ... .. ~- �The We-stern Comrade . 26 REVOLT IN MEXICO· Head the Correct Interpretation of Underlying Motives in the 1\lost Remarkable and Valuable Book ~f the Year.. The Mexican: People-- . Their Struggle for Freedom -B:rL. Gutierrez de Lara and Edgcumb Pinchon ••• Eugene V. Debs says: "• • • ·It is written from the point or view of the working cla:ss, the tillers of the soil, the producers of the wealth, and shows that through all these· centuries of toil and tears and blood and martyrdom they have been struggling for the one purpose of emancipating themselves from the tyranny of ·a heartless aristocracy, buttressed on the one hand by the Roman Church and on the other by ~.he military power." ••• Georgia Kotsch says: "• • • It strips the glamor of benevolent motives from the dealings with Mexico of the United States and other countries and presents the stark truth that American and world capitalism has been, and is, in league against the proletariat of Mexico for its own sordid interest. And while the Mexican master class is depicted as the most depraved and bloodthirsty in history, the Socialist will see that the story of the l\Iexican proletariat is in greater or less degree and in varying circumstances the story of the proletariat in every country." ••• Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Price $1.50 We will end you this book and The Western Comrade for one year for $2.00 BU' Business is Good '. I E i 'good.'' If you have any doubt , con·ult the daily new papers, ' hicl1 have a way, all their O\Vn, of jug. gling bank clearance and making them appear to be on the increa e. Bu ine · in Lo Angeles, especially, i "gooa." If vou don't believe it, eon ult tlu· empl~ymenf agencie , where one mily find a .hundred_men for every joh. Bu ines in our town i "Good. · ' J (you are from :Jli ouri, take 11 look at the 3600 empty ·tort•rooms, whieh, if rented, would net nl,Jout .;1 000,000 a year. · 1\nd .then ff you nre still in donht. tr·v and loente a r<•nl estate man who h1;~ made u deal in a month. Ask enPh OJJP ahout the 6000 t>mpty homws in 'Los Angeles, aml top it o'ff hy tr~·· ing to hon·ow some money at a hmik at tlw Sl111ll' rate of interest, and on thP sauw. seeurity, nt which lllvuey · ·.,:ould han ht>en f:eeured two yenrs n~o . Bnsint>ss is " .good., in Los An· gt•lc·s and in your· town. ThPt'P !'an he no donht ahout it. Enr·y fir·m. almost, has disehnr·gNl 11 portion of' its t•mployes, and tr·immed I hi! \\'llg'l'S of the otJwrs. .\!so, and ftu·tlwr·more, t_he shl'riff is hus_v •··losin~ np the !'tnnll fellows wh<J <·<lll't pay thl'ir hills, and en]. IPI'tion 11!!•·nts are seckin~, irt vain, to rnl1 tht• · unt>mpltiyl·~l ·into a eorrH•r· a nd c·otnJH•I -tlwm to settle. Y .. t. n•r·i ly , husin£>ss is ''good.' ' .\nd it's g!'tting h<'tter r·npiuly, with 1"<'\"<'t's•• English . Hu,- if ,von think this applies to I.os A ng-PIPs a ion<', you don 't know yo11 r own hornP town. The " depre!l~'>io n · · is l'OUntry-wiue- it is world. wid<'. Tlw faet that expropriation has on•rt akt•n hutH.lrl'ds of thousands of our hon rgeoist' friends is carefully •·oncealeu by the daily newspapers. THE JONES BOOK STORE . 22fi W est First St., Los Angeles, Cal. 1l P:ulquarter·s for the hest Socialist hooks and literature. INSURANCE Fire, Life, Accident, Liability Automobile, Etc. Beot Companleo Lowe.t RatH P~ 0. NOEL -PhoneoMaln 5247. A ·45a3 Realdence 31231 W ill be glad to call on you �T h e Western Comrade The same old prosperity yawp greets wherever you .read the newspapers. Many of them refuse to print any more accounts of suicide and all sidestep the reason for the appalling uumber who give up in the unequal struggle. One deep mystery is: What has hecoihe of the vast horde of small salaried counter salesmen, and bookkeepers . who have been thrown out h.v the closing out of. smal.l business? This is the most hopeless and helpless elass on earth. Efforts to organize thC>m haYe pro.ven almost futile t•\·erywhere. Set·vile and smug they · h;l\'e led all battalions of the Henry Dnhb cadet corps. From this class is recruited the :'\ntiomtl Guard and the Naval ~[i­ litia. Their sons later dn join the llo~' Seouts, the Boys' Brigade, the .\I ilitia of Ch rist and other regiments rt•ady to battle for the gods of their lllRSt<:'rS. The hig-hways are strewn with I,Jankl't stiffs <'Yen this <'arly in the ,\· .. ar, d(•spite the fact workers in sea~oua l Ol'enpations are not yet suppo~"d to ht• disemployed. TlH•t·efore business is "good" for the ruhc con~tahlc with a mileage graft. Business is "good "-for the makl'I'S of guns and ammunition, and the hr-ok<:'rs who deal in war supplies, and the grafting officials who lHtndle tht> wat· loans. . 1(1 ~-ou Make a Big Grab AssailPd hy a ravenous hunger an old man steals a loaf of bread. "T<:'n years," yawns a fat judge, :tJl(l th<' old man goes to prison for li f(•. Another man steals an eutire 11'hcat crop and a railroad and gets a coat of federal court whitewash. The moral lies before your eyes. lt 's a mntter of proportion. Be a hig thief and make a bold grab for the whole cheese. t ~adiant T oad Kathcryn, blonde, beautiful and 6, whose parents recently entered the ( 'hristian Science fold, started on an t'\'Pning stroll with a favored uncle. :\ toad rustled in the underg1·owth hPsidP the path. " rt ·s only a friendly toad," said th<' uncle. '' I know,'' said the child in a voice c·aleulat<'d to convince\hersel'f. "He \\·ont hurt us. H e'll just r eflect , love!'' Sold Only To ·P hysicians, Lawyers, Educators, Clergymen, Social Workers:.and · Wri~~rs Prices heretofo~e $5·.50. . Identjcally same work, in less .~xi>ensive binding~ . $1.60. now This is the revised a~d enlarged.l\rAR HALL,ENGLI H TR.AN LA'.CION of ·· ''The Sexual Question'' I By August Forel, l\L D:, .Ph. D., LL. D., of ·zurich. Every professional man or woman, dealing . with' social, criminal, m dical and religious matters w~ll find this. ·book of' imm diate value. Without doubt th e most comple~c and authoritative as well as th<' most amazing book ever 'written on sexu-al matters. · Subject tl'ea ted from every poiut of view by this celebrated scienti t in tt•rms of tlw avernge reader. Tlw l'11apter on "Love and Other Irradiations.' of th exual .\ppPt itc '' is in itself a profound ~eVellltion of human e~-_emo­ tions. Complete exposition of degeneracy and treatment. Distms· sious of contraceptive mean . , 'hould- be in the hands of every-. · one dealing with domestic relations. Send $1.60-check, money ord r or stamps-to Gotham Book Society, Dept. 387 "Any book . on any subject, ~Y mall" _142 W est 23rd St., New York, N. Y. The British Columbia Federationist Room 217 Labor Temple Vancouver , B. C. $1.25 Per Year Issued Weekly R. P arm Pettlpleee, Ma n aging Editor A labor paper unparalleled ·by ·any labor paper of Canada. Endoreed by the VIctoria. Trades and Labor Cnuncll and New WeetmlnBter Trades .and Labor Council. Otnclal organ of the Vancouver Tradee and Labor Council and Brltleh Columbia Federation of Labor. Tbe paper for Industrial Unity, Political Unity, Strength and VIctory! If you do not take this paper you should eubecrlhe today! Telephone Home A-4533 HARRIMAN & RYCKMAN Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Bulldlng Los Angeles, Cal. Home A-2003 Main 6l9 -A. J. STEV E NS DenHat 306 South Broadway !Worn 514 Loa Angeles, Cal. �T h e . W e s t e r n C om r a, ·ae 28 THE WESTERN . COMRADE ~48 Entered aa second-class matter at the poat olllce at Los AJ>gelea, Cal. 924 Higgine Building, Loe Ang,e lee,. <;aJ. Subecrip.tion Price One Dollar a Year In Club1 of Four Fifty Centl! to tell Kaiser Bill where his terminus is located. In fact, . Bill told the Pope to go to and attend strictly to his own business, which · e-veryone \yill admit is no nice way to talk to the vicar of Christ. *** knew. th-e ship ·wa a, floating ammunition magazine eng~ed in the .most danaerous o.ccupation of run. ning guns through ·a submersible blockade. They· gambled and lo t and now their kind want you, ~enry, to go to war and get killed. Tbe world is mad, but there are a few million workers who still have possession · of their senses und thr.ough this is the hope o~ the sur. vi,·al of the race. AB further proof that everyone hargone crazy, it :night. be said Vol. Ill August 1915 , No. 4 t_bat newspapers in the United States this. ~-inter will be · gloating over the . btg Euro{>ean _otders for Rambling Thoughts food produced in til United States, · -~ The c<litor of a Los Angeles news- while millions are goin~ hungry ·in A prize-fighte r goes into training pape'r d<,eJar·es the war. iu Europe the country .. where· the food was several week before the hour et must stop he<·ause the wor·ld is going produced. .Sure·! liet 's all go for him to go into the ring. If he bankrupt, not because the tJlood, craz:v! Ship the. food t.o Europe to didn't intend to fight h·e W()Uldn 't bo!lrs and ftl'sh of millions of men feed the soldiers, so they can kiil a train. A girl learns dancing so she arP heing HSI'd to fertilize the soil few more · mi)lion · innoc-ent people, · <·an show others just how they uo of tlw nation.·. The same editot· sees and at the same time i Ll ow ot ht:'r thr . ];os Angeles wiggle. If she trou hiP ah<·ad because of the destruc- millions to sfarve to "death he re at dirln 't intend to danee .she wouldn't t ion of propt!l'ty and the piling up horne. '!'hat's a · great . little idea. take lessons. A pt·inter learns to of a war debt that will requi·re 500 In fa ct it would he considered a . ~rt type because he intends to set y<'ars to cr·asl', hut fails to see any- ten strike in at-iy ·squirrel' house in . typP for a living. A baker learn thing to gf't excited about in the de- the wol'ld, if thought out .in cl.e tail thP bak er 's trade because he instruc:tion of I en million labor·ers and' hv one of th e inmates. t•·nds to hake bread for a living. thP sorrow whidr fills the homes of But of coursr a nation doesn't buy the• rlPad soldi <·rs. Real property, Two foolhardy ,Americans lost . battleships ·a nd rifles, and ammuniowrH•d by th<• ric·h, is one thing, and . thPir lives when they p ersisted in tion. with the expectation of ena few million liVl'S is another, and tal<ing hazards of war__and sailed g-agiitg in war. Oh, no! Also, oh of c•onsidPrahlv less importanre ac- f1·orn England on th e Arabic. 'l'hey 10lush !-Tl. W . c·or:d in g to thi~ <'Jitor ·~line of' rea· soning. Job Harriman, Managl_ng Editor Frank E. Wolfe, Editor * . ~ ~..: * * ** ;t: Th e wholl· wor·ld is star·k mad , :md of co11rs~> this ~n<·lnd es the United States. 'I'he rhurc h people at·c pt•aying for pea<·e, and the ammunition manufadurt'rs arc working nights, rl11ys and •Runcl~tys to turn out more material , to tal< e more lives. The l lnitl'd Rtntrs is neutral, h!ut tlw prosp'rr·ity columns of its newspaprrs gloat o\·c r· th e .big orders from Europr. Evrrybody wants peace, but most of thrm g rab all the money they ~a n I!Pt hoJrl of, whether it repre~Pnts au Ol'der for beans or hullets. • Cat holirll ** >l< arc killing · Catholics, Pr·ote~;bnrts are killing Protestants, ~f n~ons are killing · l\Iasons, Socialists aJ·t' killing Socialists, and bushands fll'P. killing their wives' fam'il'il'l~ w.hrn they fire on homes in· ncighbor·ing .c ountrirs. Sure! Wlty not! _ Tt.'s a g r·eat little war, ·over in Europe. Surely its great to be " ''llZY! Thr Pontiff, posing as the one and only tru e r epresentative of God, and supposrd (by mi'llions and millions) , to have the power of bringing -nations to their knet's. has tried several times FEHTlLlZI!\iG 'I'HE A:\IEH.IC'A:\ BEAUTY ROSE - p , awlng by M . A . Kempf �•• Retort Cautious A FRENCHMAN The American Socialist and a German lived in the same aparf:J:9.ent .· Official Orru of. tlael1ouse j\llit aero .the court from ea h .• other', and evenings after reading their papers they would sit in their windowFl and banter' each .otlier over The American Soc:ialiat _apeab t he vietories and defeats of their with authority. It .ia a .,Owerful The tfano del Rio ar••spel'tive countries. operative Colony i .~in news and propaganda weeklf One night after nearly a . week of ne d of a second-hand ' Frcndt reverses, the !}erman'1s gibes and is tbe. o.nly . paper 'in the ' . .· lllld quips seemed to cut very seUnited States. which ·g ives an Founda:tion r<• relv. One word led to another unjlccount' of th~. official busineaa til tl;e Frenchman could stand 1t no Four-FJ1¥D.e . of the Socialiat Party. ' longr>r. Leaving his window in · hot Every Socialist. Every Siudaat of So.ciahastr he returned a few moments la ter playing the "Marsellaise" on ist s~ould be a subscriber. a ,·iolin. The German grunted his Subacri ption · Price disl.{ust and picked up his paper to r•·ad, but ·the soul-stit ring music was · 50 cents a ye~. end All Particular a~d . too much. Throwing down his paper Description· to. hr rli. appeared into his darkened 'l;he American Socialist imd The t·oom and soon hoarse, throbbing Western Comrade can be had hi tones of a loud trombone were blar'combination for one year by sending away at "Der Wacht am . 'ing $1.25 to Hhine." Apiary De pt . · ·. THE .WESTERN COMRJ\I)E Othe1· windows of the court began 923 Higgins Bldg. · to fi ll with heads and shouts and · 924 HigginS Building Los Angeles · pleadings for the entertainers to Los Angeles, Cal. <·Pasc pr·ovcd in vain. A hurry call f<ll' the police by the quaking landlot·d. aided hy several protesting tennnts, brought in the police r eserve squad. It did not take long to ·place thr musicians under arre~t and they "'''l'C taken to ·a nea1·by station house and locked up for the night in widely · In ord.e r to place. a copy· of. our catalogue rlivided cells. or union-made .goods In the hands of The n ext mornipg they were haled every reader ot The Western Comrade, hrfor e a very sober and severe justice of the p eace who meted out to them we will send postage prepaid, ?n receipt nn PXcePdingly warm lecture on or FIF'J;Y CENTS, one of . our genuine " :-.rcutrality in Am erica:' ' with a fine sheepskin-leather card cases BEARING of $25 for disturbina the peace as a THE UNION 'LABEL. • • littlo ide dish. Then they were made to hake hanqs as it they were This card case contains four pockets, fo1·ming a hond of verlasting one large tor blUs and -papers, one for frirnd hip and told to go home toyour dues-stamp book, and -two wlth gt'thcr . tranaparent windows tor union ' memberPa, inrr down the ..treet they ship cards. This Ia the' ONLY CARD talked to each oth r in guarded CASE on 'the maJ~'ket ·made b)' Organized hntgn n:;!P. both fighting h of the Labor and bearing t&e union labeL rt Is \\'111'. When they r eached their apartno longer'necessary 'r or a class-conscious . ! mcnt. a young newsboy was heard Sociallst to be Inconsistent• . to r ry ou a great Ru sian victory Send l.lfty cents ln stamps or money i 1wrr thP Gcrman . The Frenrhman 's order. hNlrt I ap d 'for joy and on r aching t hn part of the hall wl1ere they part d he could hold himself no long r. ' I .eP · h aid with a broad (The only excluslve union label .merchandlaen) (Owned and managed by members or the wor):lnc cl ) mile, " zat z Ru ian · have b en nmu 'ng zem.selv again. ' .. 9 Bo01rd of Trade C_ourt, CHICAGO, ILL&. Although hot under the collar from . '-----------~~-.._......._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- . J WANTED Bee Machinery SOCIBIISI Party of Amertca. and .. HONEY · EXTRACTOR · LlanQ del Rio· Co. · Socialists ·A -t tention! 1 MUTUAL UNJON TRADING COMPANY • �. T he W es ter 30 this remark, the German tried his best to control himself. " .Veil," be said, with a faint smile, ''dot vos nod dings. In der summer most of us Chermans take der vacationR an enchoy demselves by der mountains, or by der seashore, or-" hesitating before slamniing shut the dool.' nf hiR room, "or capturing der Frf'nch ! " Slam! · ri c·om r a d e Pictures for Propaganda·· Shoot Capitalism . _.: ·With a· Aid to Our Kings Ster~opticoli (Continued from Page 15) '' FarnirH·, P<c:stilcncc, '' he muttrr·ed again, this time almost ten" dcrly, his eyes gleaming wistfully like a lovpr 's. ":\ pretty pair~" he murmtii'Pd softly, "and ·faithful." On Earth the two dread sisters alrrady had h e~:,run their d'eaclly work. \\' ormn and !Jahics shriveled like thirsting flowers as Famine clutched them in hPr hony fingers. In the t.r·<·rw heR and field hospitals the ~hadow of' Pestilence crept. _,\ wHI<ening from his re\'Crie the war god c·alled to his tolll<eeper: ' "J'p]] mP," hr gruffly ordrred, ''when th!'rt' are thirty million. '' Anyone can lecture with the aid 6£. pictures; they tell the story, you point. out .the mor·al. Pictures draw a crowd where other means fail. They m'a ke .your work doubly effective. We tell you how to get the greatest ·results at the least expense. Send stamp for complete infermation. W. SCOTT. LEWIS 3493 Eagle Street. Los Angeles, California If you like PEARSON~S MAGAZINE at all, yo'u will like it BETTER than any other magazine • Send your name and address on a postcard to PEARsoN'S MAGAZINE, 425 Eut 24th Street, New York City, for a FREE SAMPLE COPY ~~~~~~~~~~ AK: JEE; then subscribe throush uaHER"E'S A BARGAIN You can gef both PEARSON'S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN COMRADE for one year by sending $1.50 (the price of Pearaon'a alone) to The Western Comrade 923 HIGGINS BLDG. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. Gen. Otis says editorially in TJ:i.e 'Times, of EVERYMAN (By Luke North) "If law and order, respect for conventions and property right• are to be maintained in this land and its civilization continued, publications like Everyman must be suppressed . . " · . And again Gen. Otis says: "Its lamentably brilliant pages pervert art to the cunning uses of social disturbers . . . "-and also, says the General, still speaking of Everyman: "It is· disturbing to mental stability." Thank you kindly, General. I could ask no greater boon f1·om the Los Angeles Times.-Luke. EVERYMAN <Monthly> Each Issue Has an Important Lecture or Essay by Clarence Darrow Year $1.50, Copy 25 Cents 516 American Bank Bldg., Los Angeles �T h e W es t er n c·o m r ad e Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony (' is the greatest THIS in America. Llano, California Co~munity Enterprise ever launched . The colony was founded by Job Harrima~ and is situated in the beautiful Antelope. Valley, Los Angeles County, California, a few hours' ride from Los Angeles. The community is solving the. problem of disemployment and busi11ess failure, and offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their families. · Here is an example of co-operation in action. Llano del Rio Colony is an enterprise unique in the history of commu nity groups. Some of the aims of the colony are: To solve the problem or unemployment by providing steady employment for the workers; to assure safety and c·o mtort for the future and for old age; to guarantee education for the children in the best school under personal super visien, and to provide a. social li fe amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. Some of these aims have been carried out during the year since the colony began to work out the problems that onfront pioneers. There a.re about 475 persons liv1ug a.t he new town of Llano. There are now more than seventy lll pils in the schools, and several hundreds are expected to be >nrolled before a year shall have passed. Plans are under ·ay for a school building, which will cost several thousand ol!ars. The bonds have been voted and sold and there is oUt in g to delay the buildi!ig, Schools will open at the fall term with classes ranging rom the Montessori and kindergarten grades tl)rougb the ntermedlate which Includes the first year In high school. 'his gives the pupils an opportunity to take advanced subeels, including languages in the colony schools. The colony owns a. fine herd of about 100 head of Jersey nd Holstein dairy cattle and is turning out a large amount r dairy products. There are about 175 hogs in the pens, and among them a arge number of good brood 'sows. This departmeut will be lven special attention and ranks high in importance. The colony has about forty work horses, a large tractor, 11·o trucks and a number of automobiles. The poultry deartment has 1000 egg-making birds, some of them blueibbon prize winners. About 2000 additional chicks were dded recently. This department, as all others, is in the barge of an expert and it will expand rapidly. There are several hundred hares in the rabbitry and the anager of t!Ie department says the arrivals are in · startling umbers. There are about 11,000 grape cuttings in the ground and housands of deciduous fruit and shade trees in the colony ursery. Tflls department is being steadily extended. The community owns several hundred colonies of bees •h! cb are producing honey. This department will be in-· reased to several thousands. Among other industries the colony owns a steam laundry, planing mill, a printing plant, a machine shop, a soil anlysis laboratory, and a number of other productive plants re contemplated, among them a cannery, a. tannery, an lee la.nt, a shoe factory, knitting and weaving plant, a motion Picture company and factory. The colonists are farming on a large scale with the use r modern machinery, using scientific srstem and tried methods. No more commissions will be paid for the sale of· memberships or stock In the Llano del Rio Community. Every installment member should be a worker to secure new members. · · · . .,_. . :. ' .· About 120 acres ol garW!n has been planted this Y.e ar. Social life ·in the · coloniY is .most delightful. Entertainments "and ilances are regUlatly. established functions.. Basebe,ll, baaltet~ba.ll. tepni.S. ·swtmmJng, ftshing, h1,mtlng and a.11 . other sp·ort's and pastli:nes ·a.re poP.ular With .aU ~ges. · Several Q.undred acres are now In alfalfa, which is expected to rlln sb: cuttjngs of heavy hay this season. There are two producing Orchards and about fifty-five acres of young pear trees. · Severaf hunCired acres Will be planted in pears ~nd apples next. year. Six hundred and' fo~y ac~es have been set aside for a site for a city. The building department ls making bricks for the construction . Of hundreds of homes. The city. Will be the only one · o( its 'kind in the. world. It wlll be built. with the end ·oi being beautiful and utllltartan. There are 1000 membershlps . ~n the colony and nearly 700 of them are subscrthed fer.. lt is believed t!Iat the remainder wlll be taken within the next, f!lW month11. The broadest . democta.cy ~revalfs in the management of the colony. There Is .a directorate of nine, elected by the stockholders, and a community commlsslon of nine, elected by the General Assembly-all persons over 1.8 voting. Absolute equality pre,·alls In . every resP.ect. The ultimate population of this colony will be between 5000 and 6000 peraone. The colony Is organized .as a corporation under th.El laws of California. The capltallzatron .Is $2,000,000. One thousand members are provided for. Each shareholder agrees to· subscribe for 2000 shares of stock. · · · Each pays cash ($750) for '780 shares. Deferred pJLyments on the remaining 1250 shares are .made by deducting one ·dollar per day (or more, if the member wishes to pay more .rapldly) from the $4 wage of the colonist. Out of the remaining $3 a day, the colonist gets the necessities and comforts of life. The balance remaining to th'e .tndlvidual credit of the colonist may be drawn In cash out of the net proceeds of · the enterprise. A per cent of the wages may be drawn in cash. Continuous employment is provided, and vacations arranged as may be deslrejl by the colonist. Each member holds an equal number of shares of stock as every other shareholder. Each member member. recelv~s the same wage ·as every other In case 'anyone desires 'to leave · the colony his sharet and accumulated fund may be sold at any time. Are you tired of tlie competitive world.? . Do you want to get into a position where every ho::r's work wlll be for yourself and your famlly? Do you want assurance of employment and proviRlons for the future? Ask for the booklet entitled: "The Gateway to Freedom." Subscribe for The Western Comrade ($1.1)0 per year), and keep posted on the progress of the colony. Address LLANO DEL RIO COMPANY, 924 Higgins buildIng, Los Angeles, California. �"That Which Ia not for the I nterest of the whole awarm Ia not for the I nterest of a al ngle bee.''-Marcua Aureflua. Tired Of the Struggle? -· A RE you a victim o~ the "back to the create these things under collective · ownland movement"? If so; on your ar- ership and.· de~QCl'&tic controL Ar.e yo}l tired of a s~teen-hour. day and rivai, didn't you find that you ~ust sell at wholesale and buy at ·retail? ·Com- · i£~lation for yoW::self and fa.lnily? Join oUr peUed to submit to the Coloriy and get an eightother fellow's prices hour day, and in oUr in both cases? J 0 in d soci:aJ life you will find the Llano Del Rio Corl congenial friends whose operative Colony, where every desire . is for your we buy ' at wholesale success. and will sell our surplus Are you tired for the to the outside world at heartbreaking struggle to retail, through our own keep your children clothed store. and in school. Come to Do you see your life savi.lano where we consider ings being wiped out in our children· our greatest the purchase of necessities asset and wh~re our edubecause you can not use cators take the children at two years and carry your time productively? Join our community where tpem through from ··the your job is your ow~ and M~Iitessor.i (kindergartt!ll) where you take your orto the high school. ders from a boss you and Are · you tired of specuyour comrades have selation, wherein the wealth lected. of th,e work~rs passes as Are you tired of creatunearned increment into ing by your labor orALBERT A . JAMEs the coffers of those who Chards, hOUSeS, factorieS M a n ager Member ship Department speculate in land and' and machinery, only to see them owned and tools of production? J;in our Colony where used by others to enslave those who do no real esta.t e is for sale arid no " business useful work? Join our Colony and help opportunities " are available. "Talent and. intelligence are gifts which should .ri ghtly be used in the service of other11. The development of these by education is the gift of the communi~y to the i nd ividual, and the exercise of greater ability entitles none to the false rewards of greater possessions, but only to the joy ef greater service to others."-From the Community Constitution. Llano del Rio Cotnpany Membership Department 924 Higgins Building Los Angeles, California � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1915-08 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-08 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n04_191508 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-23 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n04 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/2a2a539b0f6db1125dbba5b2120b9452.pdf 974d1a1010ec81e0ee5fd3e3ab27b0aa PDF Text Text Ten cent-. . ;. .., . ' , ( �. .. ELK SKI BOOTS.an~ SHOES Factory operated in con~ection .,Pith LLANo DEL . .Rio CoLONY Men 's 10-inch boots .$6.00 Men's 12-inch boots . 7.00 Men's 15-inch boots. 8.00 Ladies' 10-inch boots 5.00 Ladies' 14-inch boots 5.50 Men 's Elk shoes. . . . 4.00 Ladies' Elk shoes. . . 3.50 Infants ' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 . . . ... . . . ... 1.50 Child's Elk shoes, 5 to 8 .. ...... . . .. . 1.75 Child's Elk shoes, 811z to 11 .. .. .. .. . 2.25 Misses ' and Youths, llllz to 2 ... .. . .. . 2.60 Place atocklng foot on paper, drawing pencil around aa per above 11luatratlol). Pass tape around at linea w ithout drawing t ight. Give alze usually worn. IDEAL FOOTWEAR For Ranchers and Outdoor Men The famous Clifford Elksltin ·Shoes are lightert and easiest. for solid comfort and will out~' three pairs · of ord10ary shoes. We cover all lines from ladies,' men's and children's button or lace in light handsome patterns to the high .boots for - mountain, hunting, ran(!hing or desert wear. Almost indest:tuctible. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurement according to insttuctions. Out of tovm shoes made immediat~ on re~ipt of order. Send P. 0. order and· state whetlle'r we shall forward by mail or express. SALES DEPARTMENT Llano del Rio Cotnpany 922 Higgins Building, Los Angeles, Cal. I �Diflt-<t.'{ft'~ I I f c0 NT E T s 1 .,...---___,....,..--! ,__,_! Review of Eventa. By Frank Wolfe ......• ~- ..... Page 5 By Morgan Smith ...•.... : .. Page 9 T.he D.e eper Crime. Death Masks (Poem). By Gertiude Cornwall Hopkins .................................... Page 10 Probating Sally. By Emanuel Julius ........... . Page 11 Aboliah Assassination. By Homer Constantine . . .. Page 11 A Discontented Dog: By Oscar Ameringer .. . . ... Page 12· Advice for Success Seekers. Our Devil'& Delioht. Poverty (poem) . By G. E. Moray ..... Page 12 By G. E. Bolton ........ .. .. Page 13 by Alberta Leslie .... .. . ...... ,Page 14 Hope, 0 Brother! (poem). By Marguerite Head .. P!ige 14 Co-operatives and Education . . . ....... .. . .. . .. ... Page 15 Bleaai ngs of Prayer ............ . . .. . .... ......... Page 19 1776-Revolutionists--1915. By Edmund R. Brumbaugh .. .... . .. ....... .. . ...... .... .... Page 20 Original Sin. By John M. Work ... ..... . ..... . .. Page 20 ~........ · Rent, Interest and Profit. Garbage-Fed Babies. J, By Carl D. Thompson .. Page 21 By Frank H. Ware ......... Page 21 Point Out the Error. By Dr. A. J . Stevens ........ Page 22 Molding a Man. ' By Gray Harriman .............. Page 23 CARTOONS A Son of the Metropolis. Drawn for Western Comrade by M. A. Kempf .. .. ...... ... .. Frontispiece Rocking the Boat ... . .. . .. ....................... Page 7 W ilson to Wilhelm . ... ........ . ...... .. . .. . ..... Page 8 T.he Elixir of Hate .. .. . . ... . . .. .... . . . . .. .. . ... . Page 13 ' Next Execution . ... ........... . . . .. . .. .. . ....... Page 28 • �A SON OF THE METROPOLIS ·• �THE ESTER ---------------------------P olitical Action VOL. III COMRADE Devot ed to Ute Cauee of t he Workers LOS Co-oper ation ~GELES, CAL., JULY. 1915 Direct Action- NUMBER 3 ) The Picn ic. Wa iting fJ r the Barbecued Beef ' - REVIEW OF EVENTS By F r a nk E. Wolf e S OCJ AJ,JZA'l'l ON of the sout·ces of production or wholesale inrlustrial conscription, or both, faces Labo1· in England. Fo1· the workers it means state capitalism with men•ilcss and inexorable mastet·s. i m·olunhll'Y senit ude in a newer"form confronts the toiler. ut factory, mill and mine. The necessity of SPI'vilP wod~:Prs in ammunition factories is so great that Lnl1or disputes, with possible acts of reprisal, l.!t this hour arc ·a menace to the life of England. The Briti h cabinM realizes the imminent danger and is determin<>d to OI·ganioze ttie human re ources 1 ou the sanw intC'nse hasi.s as Germany. · It will rettuire this or England will go down to dMeat at the hand!'< of her Teutonic enemy. · · Labor has been discontl'nt with long hours and in.adC'qnat<> wages while ammunition manufacturews and brokers were rolling np immense fortunes. This has caused strikes. Additional strikes at this hour would he fatal to the succ-ess of English arms-and profits. The gon?l'llment has taken u{J the case and dire thing are threatened. Winston Churchill has put �The Western Comrade 6 forth a proposition that meets with much favor. He It is, after all, a matter of when, where and how has advocated limited Socialism as a remedy for the to kill. May we rtOt call it the ethics of murder T evils of competition and industrial strife. He said: • * * * "The whole nation must be socialized; the govAR l;l.a.<> raged in Europe nearly a year. ix c•rnment must organize so that every one of every million human lives have been destroyed. rank and position, men and women, ~ll do their . Deaths in trenchc , -on the fields and in battle at sea fair share." Socialization with industrial conscrjption would · haye bee-!! equaled · hy the victillls of plague, pe hring a strange, anomolous condition~state capital- tilence ·and famine. Never in history of humanity has there been sQch hlood letting. even of the ism with a vengeance! Englancl is hard pressed on all sides and from world 's greatest powers are in . death grips, and a within. There is a strong realization among the ex- score of lesser nations are involved. Ju the grasp ploiters that Germany is after the life-blood of the of capitelism other governmcntR will become .innation. Frantically they appeal to thos·e whom they volved should. the masters so decree. Hourly the lravc brutally driven. They call upon every worker path of neutrality grows more difficult. On one side the strugcrle ar·e Great Britain, to do his "allotted part" in the making of muniFrance, Russia, Servia, Belgium, Italy, Japan and tions of war and the production and handling of food. Too late the capitalists are raising the cry Montenegro. Against them arc arrayed 'Germany, Aust~:ia and Turkey. that Western civilization is in danger. Aside from death and deYastation of border The cry falls on dull and unhearing ears of an over-worked and under-fer proletariat. England, territory the net results of the war are almost nothwith Janel enough in grouse moors and deer parks to ing. There has been no serious invasion of contendfurnish an abundance of food, is dependent upon ing armies. Germany has everywhere successfully defended her continental territory. AI ace and Lorimpor·tations. No !':criou!': move. has hcen made in the centuries raine havl? at tirnr.s been O\'Crrun by Frenchmen, but to free the land or· to gi \'(~ J,ahor the product of its the occupation is not important and there is no serious danger to Germany from this direction. toil. Now payday has come. T~?utonic tenure of Belgiu~ does not mean perma+ + + nency. The fighting on the western field is virtwtlly ERMANY'S abhorrent and murderous disregard a deadlock A ~ain of one hu11dred yards is hailed for the lives of women and children, and other :~s a great victory. • uou-combatants, l1as been the subject of much war- ' .Japan has scor·ed a rnther hollow victory OYer rnntccl criticism. 'l'he world has long looked with the Germans in Chinn. nnrl that aged and indurated equanimity on the murder of n~combatants dur- empire (republic ~) ha~yirldP.d to vir·tually every ing the barbarities of peace, but it has boiled with demand of the Eastern rlwarfs. indignation at the concrete act of muraer by sinkRussia's invasion of Galicia has fizzled, and the ing an unarmed defenseless passenger steamer at ~lory of her conqupst was transitory. The Czar's sea. moujiks are stampeded and it will be fortunate for We I\ ill babies by pestilence in the slums and Russia if a stan~l can hr made on her border. poisonous warrens of the poor, but we shrink from lt is douhtful if the Kaiser 's army will be so illthe killing out under the open sky. ai!viscd as to attempt a sPrious invasion of Russian \Vithin a week after the Lusitania massacre, territory. American exploiters of wo~en and child slaves Ita ly has ronde a hold dash across the first ·few maimed and starved more than were sent to death provinces 0f Austria. h11t is meeting with more stubwhen the liner plunged beneath the waves. horn resistanl'c cwry day and the invasion will not . W of G �- ) The We$tern Comrade 7 <>eriously trouble the German-Austrian forces. grow insistent in their clamor for an ending of the The Allies have met terrific opposit.i on in the war. Quick, effective steps were .taken in suppressDardam•lles, and it must be poor consolation for the ing the Socialist publications when they bul.>uled British, when a half dozen warships are sunk by.- over. • Turkish forts , tn he told that the cost)s no greater * * * than had been cou nted. NGLAND is rapidly approaching actual conscription. · · 'fhe enrollment act, together with Grrmany's commerce has been driven from the . seas and her outlying fi~hting ships destroyed. Yet individual disemployment ai;J.d public sentiment, is she is in a powerful position with her splendid now tant11mount to enforced enlistment of all but the upper ·and middle class. Short of ammunitio:t~, dissension among military· leaders and far from unanimity in government affairs, England shows" signs of bring hard ·pressed. Harrassed by submarines, annoyed by Zeppelih raids, the stolid Briton is stung but impotent, • France ·haR almost every available man and boy in the field. If the Germans succeed in driving back and holding _the Russians, an immense army of seasoned victors may be swung from east to west and hurled at the tired and worn Allies in the trenches of France and Belgium. Constantinople ·r emains under the green flag, and the unbelievers storm at the Dardanelles forts in vain. Wherever troops are 9fficered by the Germans, the Allies pay dearly for every foot gained. The Allies hope to open a channel to th'e Black Sea where at Odessa and other ports are vast stores of food. But the stubborn resistance of the Turks make it a long hard journey. E + + + or Democrat or Prohibitionist T HEwhoRepublican fired two futile shots-at J. P. MorgaD was a ROCKING 'l'HB BOAT Tut, Tut, Theodore - Des Moin es Register a nd Leader squad:ons at Heligoland, and her wonderful fleet of submersib les. Germany is dr·awing heavily on her rrsPrves of' men, but hr r wm· machine is ,so near p er- fPthon 1hPre is no hitch in her program. There is :1 tr·ou hlesorne spot here ant! there where Socialists very busy'person, if the daily press can be believedand it can 't. Among the othe~hings he did just pervious to his grand splash was .to indulge in some revolver target practice. According to the Hearst journals he fired 200,000 rounds at a "scarred targ-et painted on a rear fence, and at stalwart trees in the yard." Thr cost of ammunition would p1obably run $2000. With reloading and cleaning and other time out the man eould not have fired over 100 shots an hour. This would have rqeuirecl 2000 hours. At a 10-hour day, continuous work, he would have bad to shoot steadily 200 days, or nearly 7 months, without holi- �l The Western Comrade 8 day or Sunda.v. ()f (•OHrse this would not he likely to attrac·t any att!'ntion. :\o 11·ond l'r the ~·o uthful product of our modern · ,., Jfq.!C's h!'li <'\'t• ~o thoroughly in effieieney when trie pror•·sso1·s or slid! institutions sho~,. suth p e rseverarH·•· for dTi,·if'tll'.v. + + + IF anyor11· th irrl\s tl1c .\Ialthusian theory has been disposed or thr•.\' shou ldi;eea copy of t h·· r.OI!dOtl Jlllhli<·at ion lwaJ:'ing that name. The •·ditot· of that so lemu but amusin~ sheet bolos up \\·ith th•· d<·•·l aration that th e high cost of li\·ing is J>I'(Jof or tht· <·OJJ!<'IItinn t'hat the world IS overpopuht•·•l. To q11ntp from the editor : " Ju the first place, as n111· n·:HI•·rs k110\\·, th•· Wt.ll' ld 's food supply in ordin;,r~· t inH·s is o11ly hl'tll't••·n t\ro-thu·ds and threel'olll'l !ts of t ite JH·•·ds or its inhabitants. He li te the st;~n·at ion ot' lar!,('e 1111111hers a11d the folly of talking aiH>ttt lt·g:d liYinu \Yage. " ThP t·rlitor or Thp l'nldit·, with an eye ('\'et• to the l;tlld qlt<·stion , q11i•·ld_v points nut th e fallat,v of thi;;; dl'l'<·ttwll~· th ei r h aving three-quarters house room, three-quart e rs clothing and three-quarters of the various comforts of life are due to th e fact tha there is any sho1"tage in houses, c lothing or of the other products of laho~. It is due solely to the fact that they lar.k the power to pun·hase these things. If, however, th e . w ealth produced by Labor be divided between those who la bor and those wh o idle, it may r eadily be seerrhow Labor; may be short, not only in food. but in all other things made by Labor. The very land upon which tht•se thrre-qlwrtPJ' fNl pPopJc· of London like ~IHild: .. :\s to till· ~anit.v or th<· :\Jalthusian's proposition that pt•opl c h:l\·in g extcssi\'e l)' large families wuul•l !ta\'l' hc·c· n IH•ttcr ott with a lesse r numbe r of ehi ldl'l'll. nothing nc·cd he said at this point. But to ~ay th:1t onc·-thinl OJ' one-fourth of the _food-needs of the hnman r:11·<' is unsuppli<·d in times of p eac e is to sl'l forth a ~tate· r>f affnir·s that ha s no likeness outside of Alic·c· in \\'onilerland. "That one-third or one-fourth more food would hr ttst·d if rv<'ry stoma<•h in the world were fill et! may not hr a n ext r aYag-ant claim: hut to conclud e therefr·om that tlwsp 'ltomarhs arc not fil~ hel'ause the food <·annot he nrised is a monst1·ous p erversion of logit·. It is tii'Pd less to point to the Yast areas o[ f<'rtil•· land still unuseil. ani! to conesponding nrcas that :II'(• only partially used; it shonli! be suffil'ient tp show on the ORe had that nobody with means goes hungry. <lll<1 on the other hand that food growers as a rule <·omplain of lack of remun eration fo r th e ir lahor. • • • "Tilt• plight of tilt• tht·<•t•-quart<'r"l't•t1 familil's is 11ot dnr to a "l~ortagor of food, any more than the fact of ' Wilson to Wilh elm: "The next time you do that, mind, I shall be r ea lly angry." . Thi~ Cflrt oon. !-lh ( ,,,·j ·~ ~ tllf' pnpulnr Hrltil;h undPr~tanding <1f Presi dE-nt 'Yil son, w'tS c,• mrn •·nt Pd upon widPIY in Amfi'rl ca . when• it s bitter tont' w as cri ti cised. - T..nn(lqn n~lly Express pays a print<·ly r<· ,·enHe to thP ownc•J·s, who give in r..turn not on<· sol ita ry penny. If this thought be applit·d through ou t tht· wor·ld, aJI(1 if it be r ealized that ,tht• lahor throughou1 th1· w orld is c·ontrihuting a ht•aY.v toll to till' O\l' llt·rs o[ till' <'a rth , who rPndPr no wr·yj,.,. in rc·turn . a stupH.Ldons fad will he apparent.· ' K<· ,·olutionist<; t lit• \\'Orld 0\'1'1' must unit<• and dt•st roy •·n•pd nnd dog-ma. \\'h<tt (jU fl lTl'i hil\'t' the So,·ialist Hllll th e ~ingle Taxpr ·! 1~ it th;Jt tht• lattC' r st•t•s in the land the suprPnlt' sour<'P of lift· " \\\· a g r ee thnt the world is und PrfPd h pf·ausp of th~ monopol y of all sources· of life. ·would "'~' Socialists lose anything if we joined in P\'rry pffort to frP c th e land ? \Yould we not have the world to gain ? �I . The Western Comrad e The Deeper Crime By MORGA P-~'= ~!!!!!!!!'!~ !!!!!!!~ HEX the Xorth wind doesn't blow any S 11TH why in the name of all torture and abu do they lik mor<o, and it ne,·er nows any more and it say Billy and the war-eloud. , . people don't ha\·e to it in the bap1 and • lt is the XoYelty, and the appallin,. emotion of D hide their heads under their wings any ff.'ar and:awl'-things that nothing but tortur and abu morr: When things are ettled by the l'OUhl ha,·e bouaht for them. It i a crime, grl.'ater tlum Hague Tribunal, and the markets of the the erime of imikiua a fool of a man. ~ wtJrld art' on!anizcd, and e\·erybody ha We IllllY grant that the foot- oldi r of t•iet~· can title to all the land, and nobody ba reli h a \\'ar, once they '1·e into it. It i more conwum•1•d to dl'rnonstrat1• his IHIJWriority: \Yhen we do not ieut ·to g:.rant it than to disregard all th pictures of m11.intHin a st:mdinu arm,· or soak :111 our money in mohs ht•sicging eon ulates and f~tlling over each otht•r armor-plat1· tar!!l'!'i. or· do•1·ott' ou r hr·ains to IE:•arning to l'nlist. And. sini•r tlwy htwe th' appetite for· "m', th1~ g'OOsl'-<;t .. p- wh:rt will wr do for \\·ar! \Vhat will WI' fpt•d th ~m \\Tar. The~· enjoy th ta t ah1l put up WI' rlo lt11·n. poor· thin!!s'! with t hl• suhseqnPnt adw ll' philo ophicnll ~· ns n Vl• •'ll talu· trips to th1• mountains-e1·ery brick- ~·oun~sll·r· t>ndm·cs the gr·een apple <'ramps in the layl'r's sor: of us- :1 nd \n•'JI t ran•l in foreign coun- stormwh . But 'th r t·e is 11 wisdom at hand thnt t•nn trif!R, and wo• 'II s•••• tho• ti no•st plays, and hear th1~ finest ~atisf,v that e1·aving without the resnlts. Sane soeit>ty musi1·: and m•'ll t:tko• aviating trips and under-sea 11·i ll <·a ll it C'onstruetiYe Emotionalism: trips, alld \1'1' '11 lral'l' a l!''l)('l';tlrotation of environment. l t is not th C' 'Var but the emotions of ·war t hat the For th1•rp is -;oml'thin g tJn1lrrlying th e spirit of war foot-soldiers crave. It is n littl e novelty in th ir livesthat is not ino· lud t'd in hatt'. sport or· loyalty : and there :t lit tl1' ehan gP of S('ene, a glad wande1•ing from th iH somt'thin g- to t ho· lr 1·.v ing of nrrni ..s that has nothing f.!rind and .s rrape an!l wo!'l'y. It is the novel emotion in ••nrnmon with hoodll'inking. B,, surl' that whrn of Fnity. Evrn )''hil l' the astute r·eeruiting offi i. I'VI~r.V f•Ono·l'il·:iJIJI• I'X\'IISP, prl'fPXt, and l'illlSI' of war Hooding the strrC'ts with martial music .a nd waving th · has h<·1·n ro •nJOI'I'd hy a sarw so<·il'ty, somo• ll'nrth.v wight fiH!! the hmrying r ec i'Uit holds most in mind the fact is going' to :trisl' from his hrd , som1• morniug, and say, that hr and nil his neif!hhors nr·e at one in something. "01'1' whi z~ I wish T f• OIIId ••ulist ~" H e will say it, ThP,v ltnvc all agt'l'l'd with him and they have patted surP-, nnl1•!'s 11'1' pr·o1·i d .. a ps,v•·hologi•·a l substitute for Parh othrr on the hacks. t:nlist in ~. That "one touch of natnre" does not make tho Do WP hnm:UJs rnf'flr our fPntht·rs all up and peep 11·hol r worlll ]{in hrcause it is Nature, nor yet because plaintii'Piy wht•n a Pold. dark ll'n r-Piourl strPt(·hes lt- it tmwlws thr whole world. It is th e "one" part of sp]f 0\'PI' onr· ol1l mor·tgnged a•·rt's nnd npon the old thr tmrPh thnt 1lOt'S the hnsiness. Tt is Unity. 'Vhen farniliHr' \n)l'k-hl' llf·h '! No, we do not rufA p our littl e it, is raininu l'l't'n th~ rat can tPll the ldng that it's f1•nthl'rs Hllfl P''"P plnintiHl_v. '"~' gird up our loins n a st~· · WhPII therr is war there is a common hatred, and sni l out nl'to•r that ll'a r-l'lond with a glad- cry of whi(']J is rnity. Tt is n.o,t the hatred that is sublime. recognition . One day there will he the common peace of everyday Why nrr th•• soldiPrs in th•' pil't nres always smiling lifr nnd that will satisfy th e cravings without t he and wht'rP forP thP t·omplaint that a good pose of a r r·amps. · W P han learned th at a youngster's m·y for candy prnsnnt fnmil.v dr·il'rn fr·om homr <'an 't he had owing is r rally promptrd hy a craving for meat: Our marto thr omniprr!wnt grins! 1 ft.'s the ovPity'-a thing that nothing hut ruin and t.v rrd militm·ists mnst not he swayed to war against death ronld hnvt' brought for them. It's a crime tlwir own will hy the · people who rise from -their drud!!rry to cry for a l'hange of scene. People must grPntrr than th r !'rime of social strife. "Why' Do thry like it, tln•n Y" says the war- not hurry to the rPcruiting office because War is t he cloud down drt'p in the midst of its oppression and only sl'mhlanee of Unity t hat their poor souls 'ba.ve I'Xperiencl'd in a life-time. We have learned better tyranny nnd error. ' Do tlte~· likP it. then Y • ay · Billy Sunday as be than that. Whl'n thl' North wind never blows any more, people lams hi. ten thou. and ml'n all over the auditorium and \dll not e-o to War to see soul-stirring pyrotechnics and lam them hack agRin. And if thl'y do (and it doe eem a if they did ). awful deeds of hravl'ry: they will go to the mountaiDJJ ~ W rt="JJ m �](I The Western Comrade and see great p eaks that pierce the clouds and a sky peopel, elbow to elbow, on the sidewalk, are all at one. that is turquoise blue. Wlien people never hide their They have clapped each other on the bae ks. And every · heads under the wings any more, we will not make man rushes for the taste of sweet ambrosia. He grasps foo ls of ourselves for the sake of the ~uty of Unity; feverishly for the pen, and signs. And all for what! For War! What's War to him we will have the beauty of social precision from the or he to War! dawn of life to its dusk. Indeed it is the olrl lament of Hamlet over again. It is the emotions of our lives that make grow that part of us that grows independently of our body. That .,_\Ve have r eal aims for emotional ardor a-plenty, yet part must he fed or buried. we cann'ot summon a .sigh for them. \\" a r· is th e emotional Crown of Thorns. 'I' here is If that part of us that triumphs and carols and feeds not a suhlirnr r·rnotion of th e human soul that it does in War is an immortal 'thing capable of surviving the not g-ratify- and prostitute. Jt is the summit of wilrl ' body if· its strength permits, th en it is a thing that (•t·siHs.v--thP :~r-r·umulatcd cravings of a lif~tim e. 'fhey ~·earns, for its o11·n cl ement. Jts own element, of whatIran hr•<> n grtl\l·ing a nd growing and unfed until they <·l·er else' it may p m·takc, is T... iberty. The more it is reh11 rst in t lrt· brut lrr·l of carnage, -and the foot-soldiers stricted and star\•ed the more it yearns, and that is the di .. salt·d and t·onlt;rrt. At th e end of the long stan·a- r eason, perhaps, that \\. ar evokes a more spontaneous 1ion t l11·y art' gra tc·flll for orw dr·aught of the potion of response among the poor foot-soldiers of .society tlmn so111's lifr - (·l·rn t!rou.gh it hr hemlock among thr spu rious lords who lral'e seen the cascade. \Yirat is a Broad man. anrl wh at is a ~an·ow man 7 Olr , it is a r·rirn c-gr·eater than th e crime of making :1 fool of a man r \VIrat is a fed man ani!"ll'lrnt i<; a stan·cd man! 'l'hc prisons of onr· souls can he made ouly of Time Tlrt·.v go In \Yar with wild hallelujahs. E1·en my l:rtl .1· of' spurin11s social title who has seen the p eaks and of Space. \Yh a'l soul would n ot lt•ap to a· h emlock pirrr·ing lhP r·louds and th e turquoise blue sky, and the draught of \V.ar if it lrarl' bern kept in a three-foot space r·hasr11 anrl tiJt• sra and thr easrade; who has tasted of at a workben ch for a lifetim e! \Yhat soul would not ltrxrli'.V and 11·ho hHl witncssNl the random buds of leap for the offe1· of War whos~ sropc of thought had man's rmotional pr·raturrs- shc goes. There she isnever been permittrd to ris<• beyond the proportion of in a gn•at hustling hospit:~l where people whisper and a wrek's s:.i lary mid a week'<> expenses! \Vhat soul hurry :~long sou!J(l]rss (·Orridors, and a huge motor darts would not go to \Var thnt had nrvrr h~en to a nickelup thr ro untry rond in the night nnd halts at the Pn- show! The North win cl cloth hlo11·, hut it is blowing down tranr·P- a lant rrn s11·inging from its doors. There is >:ome olc1 idpns that had worms in tlrcm, firmly rootrd hlltTy anrl sknrry :mrl hatrrl hr·Mth. There is Unity. And, h:wk in thr tmn1 tire men arc marching down though they <;erm"d. Thr~· srnccl their turn but they 1lrr thr·ongrtl strPrt with tir e blare of the nand a nd the haw hnrig ::rround too long- after th ei r· us"fnlness was t hrohhing of thP rlrnm . . They are cheered and noticed gonr. The trrnd of the prrhlir mind ·is for sreking out for· tlr•• first limP in a lifdim e, and they square thPir the· roots of things. \Yt• will nnt fprrl oursrlves grren shouldPr·s and nrw firP springs to th eir eyes. And the applr'>. lwc·anse wr hn\'r lranrr t1 h r tter than th:·: t. ' Death- Masks By <;ERTRUDE _COHNWALL HOPKIKS Yon sa.v thlll lhP whit<• of his fare in the darkness gkarnrd s1 rangrly, As towlrNl hy a li r.ht That is sPen of thr f'ae(•s of those who die greatly, whose honor GaYe all for the right: And ;,ou bring IM. C his sword and his sash, and the message of eomrad es, A II that thry know Of the last of th e hour!') that he spent on the earth. Me, his motherYon comfort me so-- And I tell you you lie! tell you the last that Ir e kn ew of th is earth was its hatred and anger; Blood blinded his eyes; \\"hat gleamed white in th e clark was th e tightly ('lenclred teet h of his raging, Cursing the skies, For· his farr 11·as as hla r: kcncd, awry, as the soul they tore from him-Hurled t o God 's fret, A del'il, the horrihlp madness of murder upon himl\Ty son, who \\'as sweet! �The WesteT Co ~robating Tade 11 Sail By EMANUEL JULIUS ~Irs. Toili';kins, Willi:tmll, better known as Kitty, and Iter IIHiflwr, ' l r11. llary· H. William~~. of , 'anta Ana. were '''jt'''' h•·r· in an t•fforl to .. fix thirws up." )lr . Tompkiul! WIIK 1!11: fir11t •• tixt•r''; the other two needed the JJ HY.J.: W(JIIl{:n-Probation Officer S~lli~· ' lixiujt.'' ''"J~~"I'Jall.'· K itty. •• It '11 loo l;tt•·, I I ..II you, .. Kitty exclaimed, again :111d a1.min. " It work, l say ... ,,·,mt " y,." it will." 'lllid .. I kuow it won't... ~ Irs. Tompkins, firmly . Kitt_v seenwd dctcnuim·d to 1111\'1' 111'1' Wily. " TI11·r·••," ~ lr·"'- Williams <·rieJ . "l offer to take li••l' hornt• IIJ!IIill :•nd s lw says 'uo. · Oh , God, who'd :i lllfltl l(hl my Hnllit• would fall RO low.'' llr·,;. William~ . a woman of 50, htu·st into tears. "!li ow, 111olh<·r·. plt•ast· don 't cry--" 11 \' o11 don 't lo vt• Ill<' or· you wouldn't make me sufl't•l' lilH• this- - " " Y••s, I do. 111oth r. I 'd do anything for you-but c·nn 't hP clo11r- it 's too late--" ·: It 's 111 '\'l'r too !at<· to m<'tlll ,'' was Mrs. Tompkins ' pl111 it utlt•. Sli(• Joohr1l at them as though she had Jli \ ' I'll rxpr·1•ssiou to a hi ghly original thought. "YeR, it is," said Kitty ; "some things get so broken you 1'1111 't fix 'c•m- yon havr to throw 'em away. And I ' til ntl!' of' t hrm . I ('an 't he fixed.'' '' ll r r•p yon hnv<' a mothrr who is willing to take .' ' Oil honw 1111(1 g ivr you a chance to start · again," said till' prnhntion omc•Pt', l\indly, hut wearily, as if it was :111 nlcl ~ tor·y to h r . " 1'II hP 111 i~ <' I'O hi , " Kitty said. A frown funowed tlli ~ the gir) · till pretty painted and mad~up fact'. ' ·I know what'll happen,. , e added. "E,·erybody ·u· look on me a a leper. The neighbors will point to me a a had example. I tell you I won't b able to stand it. ~ " Yon will ' said the probation oft1eer. ' ·I wont. If motlier \tould t.ay here I d take cat-e of lu~r and giYe her a place to tay iu--' "Hm~ T" Mrs: Officer Tompkin a. k d. "You know. .Five year of my kind of life ha made me different. t can't change now peeially hy going to my home town. There 's nothing for m there.'' "Very well," l\frs. Tompl_<in frowned r ady · to play her trump ca-rd; ''if your mind is made up you l'an have the r eformatory sentenc~ the judge gave you. Go home or to the ·w,hittier institution." "How 'll I live down Santa Ana1" "Work." "At what 9" I don't know. Wash clothes-anything-to make a living. Jail. or home~which will you take Y" Kitty deeidcd to go to Santa Ana. Ten minutes after they were gone, Kitty's mother mshcd back into Probation Officer 'l'ompkins' office. "\Ye got to a corner," she panted, "when she grahhed me m·ound the neck and kissed me.. Then she ntn off--" l\frs. Tompkins said: "D-n it all! "-which was a rare; thing for Mrs. Probation Offi.ccr TompkinR to sa~'-ont Jonq. Abolish Assassination By HO IER c.Q NSTANT JNE HA Bl I> Bt>puhlit·nH has made n dastaJ•dly attempt to ns~n. ~inntl' 1111 hot~or·ed and t·espected citizen. 'I' IIi~ is t hl' tim!' to t•nll n hnlt on th dnnaerous doctt·inc di~->SPIIltll:ttl•d hy th e 1 !'. on who fanatically follow tllis impot·fl•tl ide:t or t·epublicnnism. Every Repuhlit•n n hdil'\'t' ill Yiolem•e. EY ry ot·gan edited by these mntl tlnJr;' of , o<'iet, nd,·o(•:t1t> viol nee nnd expounds 11H• fnllm•ious tht>ories thnt illevitablv lt>nd to ueh lllls[wnknhh• :th•twitif'. 11: tltt' 111taek ou .J. P. )forgan h~· n RI'[HthliNm fanntic. It i. time for thl' pl'opl to organize the ' Pfain Cithtl'lt. ' t'omhine' • o earn tly nd.Yocated by the Lo. , .\ 11~·h•s 'J'in11•.'. to tht• t•ml that tht• follower of thi . . ahhonent cult shall quietly and without a ripple on thr surfaec he rrmoved from human ken. No longer shall wr tolerate! these blatant soapboxers in our midst. Law and ordrr must be maintained (outside the combine ) . The police must stand as our bulwark. A citizens' policr mu t be established in I.Jos Angeles and these . hould he rpcruitrd a. arc some of OUr grand juries, from a li. t of namrs suggested hy the secretary of the )ferchanl! and )fanufacturers' Association. Thi. auxiliary policr should contain none but those . worn to pifftirate thl' e dangerous characters ( R~ puhliran ) whrnl'\'er and wherenr found. Thc)t can �The Western Comrade 12 immediately be armed with the sawed-off shotguns, our government already has so wisely provided. Back of the police stands fitm and .fast the county constabulary, the militia with its machine guns, the mighty enginery of our army and our Geat navy. Good c:itizens shou ld boycott all the newspapers that dally wi t h th e th eo ries of these wild dreamers . a'n d 'topians. • Down with the advocates of a system that would break up the home, abolish religion, destroy the incenti,·e to worl>:, and disrupt representative form of government. (Note : In case it develops that Holt was a DemO- · crat the r eader will please strike out the word " Repub.. lican " and in ert in lieu thereof the worn ' Democ rat. ") • A Disc-ontented .D:og . By 0 S C A R A l\1 EJU 1\ G E R D f) ye11 (''"'"'' s•··· a dug without fleas:! If you did you saw <1 ll<ll'l'.'', dll·t·r·l'u_l dog: <\- dog that li <:s in th .. shadt· of tht· old app le tr·(·e, d r'(•anung of pork ,.J,op,.;. j:ll·l; r aJd,its arlll d ob' ti!! hts. :\oil'. il' .""" l!il'(' t I lis o•fJIIt<'lltt'tl. dog- a h:nri.JI'ul or tlo·;rs, hi~ do!!· IIHtlll'" 11·ill t·h a rq.r;. iln nwd iatl'ly. Jn-;tt"a d ol' tlro·arnill!! :dJIIIlt ,; 11i1·~· pork •·h ops. 01' ho11· l11• IYOtdd lio·l; tiJ;tt ill·indlo • pup ;((·ross tht· pike, or 11·hat Ju: wonld do to tlH· iliJili lq~s ol' that rabbit running- through tll\' tii Hi o· rhru siJ. l10· si ts 1:p :11 t1l not i1·es things. !'ointing <1 l'Oi d. nlf·l;~nl · h oly nost· towar·d heaH'II. lrt' - ~tr1·t•·ltt·s hi s ll<'l'k :11~ d st arts thnt 1wniliar llJl·<lllll-dmnJ s troko· o·IJ:II':tdo·rist io· to ;ill flea-hittt•Jr tlO!!S. I-lf' has l'ourul :1 jol> no11·: ht• I ta~ found usPful emp loy nwnt: he 1Ji!S SOIII!' t it ill!! to St•J':Itl·lJ for. :\oil' s upposl' tli r flo·:! woul<l sit up on tlrf> nose of l that dog and say: ' ·Lo Hnd lrehold nw, the benefactor. 1 hal'e gin·n work to t hic; poor pup. \\'ithont me, this do\.!:~ie would han· JIO joh. \\"'ith out me he would have ineentin: to s<·r·uteh.'' \\" ou.ldn't it be funny if the lit·:l would m:d\t' su<·h ::u al'!!llment ? Aml suflpose the do!! " ·ould YotP for .the lira on the strength of it, ll·ou ldll't thnt. ht• still l'll!ln~'r? Yet this is ~·xa..tly 'irb l'lt the worl\ill!! people have dorlt' for nu tJr~·. 111111 1:" years. · Th e.'· h:11·,. Yoterl into uffit·<· th ost• \\' liO~<· polit·it·s Hfflil't them with para'sites. A11d t lH·y do su hl·c·ausr .somro11 e has told lhem that unJ,.o.;s '"l' h:11l t!Jr (·a pitalist dass w e· llll wonld miserr.hly JH'rish . . :-;Mi:ilists in<;ist that soC'iet ~· do cs not nred the cll pit;tlio.;t t·l<tss :111 ~· nwr·t· than a dog needs fleas. Let the 11:1ti nn hr· t ir l' enpitalist. 110 Advice · For Success Seekers 11 y G. E. I :'II l'HOV E your min,]- it 'sa \'C I'~' small pnrt of ~· 0111' lwi11 !!. hut one that ma],es a lot o f troubl e unl ess ~·t •n attt·rHI to its upke<•p. Firs t li11d o ut if you really haY e a mind: Ol' \\'lr ct h t•t' you h!ll'l' mi sta kPn ordin<try instind for mental equip· ll1 ('ll1. ....... lf you tliseo,.,.,. that you possrss a mind. inn·sti· ga t r to fi11d il' it h<Jo.; ht1com e fooli shly flatt cn c•d or dirty with the dust of <lollars. Not that it mattcl'S mu eh. for fat-foolishness and doll a r.<lust ir #css a r e not i!nta gonistic t o sm·eess. You ea n wiu wo•<Jlth with e itll f' l', and winnin g w ealth is t he worthiest work in l ife. Bnt, llf'I'E' r t h elcss. a wcll-informerl mind fO'I· display purposrs is mighty useful. It will cause y ou to gain the r espect of high-b r ows, a peculiar <'lass of people who haYe improYe d their minds until th e i1· mt>ntal processes have h ecom e pecu lia rly inYoh·ed. As your adherents and assoc iat es you \I 0 H :\ Y 11·iJJ tin!! tli <·llr l'l'ry useful and inune ma·ly amusing; tli .. y 11·ill gr<·atl~' relil'l'e the tedium of your toil while you an· amassing millions. • AhYa_vs re~1d good books- lrooks th at hn ild and b ooks that better you. lf you ca n~ select th e right on <'s yours('lf. buy on !~· th ose that .ar e r·eeommrnded h.'· th e dl'c-t; and read them, eith er pcrso n a ll~' . or via your see ret 111·~·. The r e Hre a fe " · secretaries who a r c a lso interprl't<'l'S, and t an snec·essfully t ranslate English into the lang ua ge of th e b usin ess world . Hire o n e~ ~hun Sh ak<•spea r e. unt il your · mind h as em erged fr-om th e drHsr d a rkn ess that sunounds wa1· r eports, sporting n ews. a nd the political pages of th e d aily deliriums that srll on the n e ws stands for a cent a copy. L eaYe ad,·ice for the loveless alone; and forget t he fre nzies that affl ict the writers of h eadlines; otherwise yon will lo5:e you r iuva luable mind befor e you hl'!Y e improved it. �The Western Comrade 11 Our Devil's Delight By . G. E. BOLTON A T the Panama-Pacific Exposition there ar.e many ter thrust than the keen one at the 'p erfection of the exhibits that display the marvelous ingenuity of killing instruments. man in the development of machinery, but probably The exposition teems with this ba~barism. Even nothing shown there can compare with the wonderful_ the Ecij1eational buikding is disgraced by:· a Japanese instruments for the destruction of human life. The exhibit where 'vax figures of soldiers are posed in the fr l~era l government makes this proud display. Nothing seems to have been left undone to d emonstrate to the youth of the land what a noble and la udable thing is _murder when done collectively and under legally prescribed methods. True there is an o·xhiLit of the coast guard appliances for saving life, i• ut it is at best an inferior display. 'l'he life-saving IIIH('hiuery is crndP and ob\·iously inadequate. The display is only enlivened by gr'Otesque prints hq.ng on the wnll depicting some heroic acts of murder perfm·;tll' d h!' r eYl'l11l C cutters in times of war.. There is one· P"un for throwing a projectile with a life-line attathL·cl , bnt it is archaic and illy constructed. It is III(•J't·]~· an exa.mp] e of the weak and inefficient mechanism of peace. In looking at this poor showing as against the wondt·rously perfect rapid-firers I could not help thinking how Bel zebu b must enjoy a stroll through this departm.:nt. Bcl'l1nnl Shaw put this over most vividly in l\'fan :1n•l ~ np cnnau, where he has the De\·il say: "In the :~ l'ts of life man invents nothiflg ; but in the arts of d\·ath he outdoes nature herself, and produces by chemist I·~· nnd m::tchiner:v all of th n slaughter of plague, JW'>ti lence and famine . . In the arts of peace man is a hu ngler. I have sr.en his cotton factories and the like,' "'it h th e m:1chinery that a greedy dog could have inq ·ntrd if it had wanted money instead .of food. I k no\\· his clumsy typewriters and bungling locomotives ~~ n_cl t edious bicycles: they are toys com'Par~ to the · :\Jnxim gun, the submadne torpedo boat. Th ere is nothin g in man 's industrial machinery but his gre.ed ::nd sloth: his heart is in his weapons.. This marvelous fo 1·ce of life of which you boast is a force of death: :\fnn measures his strength by his destructiveness. What is ltis r eligion? · An excuse for hating me. What is law? An exeuse for hanging you 1 \V'hat is morl'!lit.v? Gentility! an excuse for consuming without producing. What is his art 1 An excuse for gioating over pirtn r e's of slm:Jghtier. What are his politics? Either the worship of a despot because a despot can kill, or parliamentary cockfighting." · This soliloquy rambles pn and covers the foibles and i!lio yncra cies of mankind. but JlOne of its stabs is bet- TilE ELlXIR OF HATE K a iser : "'Fair Is foul and fOUl. is fair; Hover through the fog and filthy air.'" -From Punch act of loading a rapid-flr·e cannon- presumably aJmed at soine inferio t· race; malay, mongol- or caucasian. An Ameriean i<> cr edited wi.t h the invention of a poisonous gas for nse_in w.ar fat·~. Evet·y Christian nation is experimenting with or .using his new, scientific . method of destroying _life. Nothing in the war dis• plays at -the Fair gave a hint of this new discovery ;md we ar e not p ermitted to know how far our civilized government has progressed in this direction. We have every hope, ho wever, that we shall not lag be- · hind in our efforts tow11rd benevolent asphyxiation when our time comt>s. �, .. The Western Comrade r Pov erty By ALBERTA LE LIE address thee, I 'D fain Could I i'vords discover The rich f They hiver in their-furs, the sleek, the dainty fed. Charged with new terror, . If near them thou but cast thy hadow grim, To voice man's hate and fear! ,_ They start and ...tremble in their . ilken beds, ' But all, all have been sung or written over and over, When ~r aming, they think thou hast. overtaken And impotent, hurled at thee ·full many a year! . ·them. . J,ong hath man 'neath thy foul rags bjlen smother d, ·.·The poor'Y as! .Men steal and .women falter H e hath acquaintanced thee too long, too well, And turn ft·on~ ·virtue's path to e cape from thee. 'J'her and. the whelps thou . hast lathered, ha t Ho\v often briDge t them to the cell; the halter Y mothered, \\hen fro~ thy gpt p the poor fools e.e k to flee.Hast spawned on earth, didst beget in Hell. . Tli.o1,1 tille t even tiie chi~dren's silvery laughter, These, thy j?.ckals, wait to rC'nd him, limb from limb, Thou · chau;at them to vast, to swift machines; Vice, ignorance,' dise"asc, thy very own, They may · not. play, for .swift thou comest often: Thou hast no need of these to vanquish him, They' lq~ow. alas what thy grim presence me~tns: · Thou wert enough! Thou wert enough alone! Oh! Piteous shadow~, thru the gt·ey dawn stealing, Too often must he gaze into thy eold· cavernous eye, To take their. places in shop or mill .or field. Unwelcome dost thou sit with him at many a Heavy . w~th sleep'. they stumble forth p.nwilling, scanty meal, To thee their playtime, nay, their very lives to With thy bony clutch around his heart perchance yield.· he yet must die. His sorrowful soul for ages hath withered beneath Under thy lash they toil, nor · play, nor rest. Thy fangs are r eady do they lag but once. thy heel. Thou wolfish thing.! Who !'tealest from the ·mother 's Small wonders that man hath thee, oh! though withbreast out a heart. The helpless hungry babe's sole sustenance: To torture him thou camest from unknown depths Men cry against thee, 'they weep, thou hast no ·pity; of mire. They strive, they curse, they praY:-all; all in vain. Oh, monstrous, vile hermaphrodite, who art Still, vulture-like, thou hoverest the city, Of untold e ils, both the dam and sire. Still pestilent, thou showest the plain. Pule with a prison pallor, is thy hideous face, Thy garments reek with all the sins of eld. While for deliverance .men crying F'air cities peJ:'ish and whole nations. fall. Like some foul vampire, thou shadowest the race, Man shrinks heneath the bitter scourge in th.Y lean All haste lJefore titef' to ruins ultimate. And thou, unclean thin~ still brood est over alL fin gers held! - .. ·Hope, 0 . Brother ! By MARGUERITE HEAD I 0 Brother, though time be long, H OPE, And tm·moil and strife enshroud the eat·th: For out of the chaos and 'woe and wrong, Ji'rcC'dOJI1, 0 Rr·other, shall co~e to birth. \\Tor I<, 0 Rrot_her, fo r w_ork shall yield A boon to the coming race of men ; .'\ nd the sceptres the tyrant rulers wield ·shall never oppre s the world again. ight, 0 Brother, is not so dat·k Bnt the comfor-ting light shines forth at morn; And a paean of. joy, like the song of the lark, Shall ri. (' to weleotne the day, newrborn. Clasp, 0 BrothC'r , your toil-worn hands; Union of hearts is a thing divine, And Brotherhood's service, uniting all lands, Is tl1e noblC'st work in ' the wor~d 's design. �- ., The We .s tern Comrade Sandbox on Ditch Irrigat:ng Alfalfa and ·orchards Co~operatives \ Sl l X pupils wc·rc graduated from the Llano s ~. Gr·ammar s~:hoql at the end of the te·rm. Th ey were Dona Spencer, Corrine Leslie, Blanche Bannon, Helen Kaufman, \\' arrcn Miller and Clarence Ced11rstrom. . To :Miss Helen Tyler, principal of the school, is due the credit of bringing this class through. There were about seventyfive pupils enrolled in the school before the end of the te rm. Miss 'l'yler and the school trustees say th ~re ' will be about l 15 pupils enrolled at the falHerm. This does not include a :tVrontessori school of about fifty pupils, which will be under the management of Prudence Stokes Brown, who _is takmg a special course under the distinguished educator·. This department will bfgin with children at the age of 2% years and carry them through until they are 6 years old. Plnns Rre being made for a new school house to he built with the money secured from._ the bonds rerently voted by~ the districts. Graduation exercises were held in the assembly" r·oom at the Clubhouse. There were several hundred person present to enjoy an excellent program given r ntirely by the chilaren of the school. Several sk etches and a class play were given and the mem• and Education hers of the community ·were surprised by the. dramatic ability and versatility dis'played by the youthful actors and declaimers. . There were several musical numbers and a Rcotch dance by the charming little Misses Richardson and Scott made a hit with all J}resent. The hall was prettily decorated and the stage was banked with flowers. Yellow and blue-the class colors~predominated in t he flower and streamers. Diplomas were presented to the graduates by Frank E. ·wolfe, who hriefly outline'q-the history of t he community schools. The 11udiencc responded with great <'nthusiasm when· the speaker mentioned the obligation of the community to the children and the vision of the educational features of the future. The trustees of the Llano. school district are John Leslie, Frank Harper · and . Mrs. David Cedarstrom. Greater interest is taken in the educational department each month. It is hoped that with the fall term th<'re will be classes in sculpture, painting in oils, · dancing, as well as the beginning of a system of vocational training. No celebration or gathering at the colony has equalled that of the Fourth of July picnic held on the colony newly acquired land, known-as the TighJman �r6 Conimtlnity Life .· . at Ll~no del Rio R~~inning Work on New Swimmin g Plunge - ' M•aJMn-g Olay IB!ricks. N·ate 'il"iug iMJillll'' ::md :S0me Oom,pleitad Houses • �esteT Co .Tad Industrial and Soci.al .A ctivity Pi cni c Hours' Work on Plunge- Dam and Gate . Completed a nd Big Excavation MJtd e ) A Bricklaying Crew at Work �-, 18 The Western Comrade ranch. H~re several hundred members of the community gathered beneath the broad trees beside the flowing waters wh'ere they enjoyed -a day of perfect rest and relaxation. The ~urieio brothers had for reports and statements of progress. Managers make known their needs of men and teams or make releases so that there is never any idle teams or workers. Chief Architect L. A. Cooke ha undertaken the work of statistician for the colony. He has prepared some interesting charts. Among them a diagram showing the growth of population of Llano and a chart .of the temperature since the beginning of records. Leo. :H. Dawson, who has charge of the nursery dep'artment, reports splendid growth of the Yines and yo:ung .trees.' -in his department. Among other plants ' that are maldng good progress are 2500 hlackberrie !.)nd an equal nnmh!'r"of str·awherries that were donated by Oomrad'e Hnll from Chino. EleYen thousand ~rape vines will be bearing fruit next year. One hundrcd choice strawberrv . .. vines sent in lw . Comrade Post of Los Gatos are doing wrll. There are 100 Burbank . F'l rst graduation class of the Llano schools. Left to right: Miss Helen Tyler, principal; Corrine Leslie, Clarence Cederstrom , Helen Kauffman, Blanche Bannon, Warren Miller and Dona Spencer. c-harge of th(• hnrhccue and the heef they brought up from the hcd of hot rocks was cooked to a deliciou<; turn. There were no speeches ot· other ceremonies save impromptu gnmes on the part of the children. One or two groups of c-hPss fans sought secluded spots beside th e strPam and sat silent over the ivory pieces. A splendid spi ri t of c-omrad eship was shown among t hP mcmbcr·s of the community. "Old timG.rs" greeted each other· and (•ornpared this Fourth with that of a year ago, wh en the colonists were few in number but ~trmrg iu hopt>fuln r~s. Thrre wrrc man~· exprcssicns of gratifiration OYPr the gr·cat growth made by the ('Olon~'· ThPrr wcrc many visitors during the two day~, hut thr gr·patrr portion of these came from th e nrighborhood . nur·ning lime in the new kilns is making stcady progress under thc management of R.. E. Stevens. Th e grade of the pr·oduct is excellent and au almost incxhaustiblr suppl~· is nt hand. An invaluable department has been established at tl1c community office, where F. H. Chamberlain ha~ charge of the informntion bureau. Here wants of mrmhers of th e community are made ]mown and sug,gestions for welfa re are freely offe~ed. The nigntly meP.ting of managers has proven mcst impo1·tnnt and has beP.n conducive .t o a much smoother running machinr. There is a better understanding betwe<>n departm<>nts and there is more team work because of this understanding. This is a clearing house Misses Scott and Richardson In Scotch Dance at Graduation Exercises �T h e W e sf eT Himalaya blaekbt>rnes a:.11dl an eqn:al .mJ!mher of Lneretia dewbnl"ie$, aU llla\king rapid! growth_ e. th&tuand C&ne&Td grlpes: fre l.Ttah how vigorous; growth. TI!eu are HJ turd!- blaek loellSt irem l:tah. The~e are to be med ior ornamental trees, and ~ f'or- fenee posts. The bios om of these tree provide exeellt"llt ne<:tar for the bees. One thou.'!and California black walnnt tree , donated hy Comrade .AI Geyer, show remarkable gr :-leYen ar·rf·g have been planted in Russian snnflowers. Thl' ('(Jmmissary rlepartment ha.S been remo,-ed t o lar·gl'r qw•rt!'rs in the rear of the clu b building. Thoma'! II . .Joiln!'!, who ha shad charge of t hi divi ·ion, is heing a'!!! is ted hy .\ lien ) [i ller, who recently arrived at the colony. Ther e ha vc hel'n small but steady a dditions to the live Htoek and p ou lt ry depa rtments. The arrival of t Pn Rwiss milch goats st arted the rumor that a Swiss c-hPrsr far. tory woultl he· started, provided the war l'mhargo would p ermit t he importation of the holes. Th e d ental offi ce and house for Dr. Horneff have hcPn r ompl et ed and this neeedd department will soonhe in operation. . Plans are unoer way to construct two large silos to store ensilage for next winter. These probably will hP eonstructed of cobble and concrete. They will be twrnty feet in diameter. A numbc rof th e hoys who are now out of school have taken up work in the garden and other departmrnts whrre there is light, congenial employment. Among thr lat et· planting at the colony has been lt ]20 ae: of - G maiz:~. 1 ae-res of ~t of beet 11 aeres, a.f e&l!'ro an po~t .. . Colony Children at Picnic July 4 been put up by the chef and by the families of the community. · Four -hundred new folding chairs, two billiard tables, a piano and a lot of h avy mission furniture is a part of the nrw poo;sessions of the olony Club. Visitors from all parts of America have registered at the cluh during thr past month. Sev ral Eastern StatPs ar e t·cpt·esented by t he ucw memb rs. Oal· ifomia and Coast State comrades far outnumber all othet·s. Blessings of Prayer W l 'I'TI the soldiet·s on the fields, in forts and fleets of the stl·uggling powers are many priests, JH'Pal'IH· t·~ in froek nnd g-armh of chaplain. These are thr offirial pru.ver akt>t'S of the warring nations. In addition to the hie ings in artieleo mru;tis and praying fot· their holy dead thr:v are praying to all the gods thPy know 11sking for some unholy dead. 'l'hc Briti. h ask God (Jehovah ) to send success to their arm ( death to Germans and Turks ). The GerIJHHIS invoke Gott ( the amr .Jehovah ) to punish (dest~oy ) England. The Frr nch end up supplication to Dieu (also J ehovah ) to send victorie t o their troops. The Rnbhi of the Ru sian prays to Adanoi and the .•Jews in otlwr armie implore the same god to aid. them. Tn ~ ouUicrn Europe Asiat ics of many nations are 1w~·i ng to l\11 th('ir God. to puni l! the Chri tian dogs. 'flwn- the Syrian ·. l'nd . up prayer to Adad : the Arnhhm to Alia : the P~;>rsiau to . yra; tbe Ta rtar ian to IdJ,ra: Ute Egypti:m to Aumn or Zent. In the British and French armies the natives of a score of lands are praying to Buddha, Mohammed, Doga, R.ogt, Eh er , Chu~, Oese, Dios, Lian, Zeus, on· · fu cius, Esgi, ot· Zcnl. The JapnncRe aro Shintos, Buddhists or worshipp e rs~£ Zain. These fighters, be they Jtalians, 'l'urks, 'l'eutoDll, Austrians, Serbs, French, English, Ghurkas or Irish have had great fa.ith in their gods, hut their gods have permitted t hem to he starved, choked with pois,onou.s gasses, eYice:-atcd, slain. F'ive millions of men have been destorycd a nd as ll}any women and children arc marked for death or w~rse. Priest and pagan alike will tell you his particular god is tt>e be t, most powerful and kind, of all ;tho brands offer ed. Now and then they speak of the wrath of God. but mostly of his gentlene sand mercy. .A!Jy. wa~· God i. haYifl1! a lllU1!h time of it if he makin g a . (•riou. :tt1Pmpt to adjust :tiTaiN• .and the e nd iR not yct.-.\. M. m �The Wester .n Comrade 1776-Revolutionists-1915 r' By EDMUND R. BRUMBAUGH O NE hundred and thirty-nine years ago ~ group of and their papers and pulpits, so the revolutienists of men met and signed a declaration of principles. today are opposed. As they were victorious, so the It was a defiant declaration. It slapped the face of revolutionists of today will be victorious. Let us hope, smug conscrYatism. It enunciated doctrines regarded howe~rer; that the revolutionists of today will be able as ·rankest political heresy by every reactionary, non- to a~compli h th 't· aims through a process of p eaceprogressive spirit of the time. One passage from the ful edu<;atio):i, of conscious, rapid evolution. Let us d eclaration deserves particular attention, for it is as l10pe that the . nc.~· · social order. wil not have to be sound in logic, as right . in principle, as a~licable to baptize-d in 'the biood of the ·aut!10rs of its existence. It pres<'nt and future, as when it was first penned. "We will not if the rrvulutionists have their way, if the hold these truths to be self-evident,"- the passage enlighte~ent _ of the p eop.le be not postponed too long. r<'frds, "that all men are created equal,.i:hat ·they are But ·the new soc:.ia I, ordet· must be, though Yiolence c·ndo\l't•d hy their Creator · with certain inalienable and blood heel attend it coming. L abor will not subril!hts, that among these are life, liberty and the pm·- mit t o · subjection forewr. 'The soul f man, though sn it of' happin<'ss. Tha.t to <>ecurc these ends govern- (·h ai~lNl nnd east- (]own, will hreal< its chains and rise m .. nts nn· institutc:d among men, dcriYing their just to hPi~hts that now ><eem to some of us a most hopeless · po\\'f'I'S !'rom th e consent of the goYcrnccJ. That wh en<•\'1'1' :1rr,v form of government he<·omcs d cstrncti \·c of This· i8 the mo'nth 9f the n11tion's b irth. Shall we tlwsf' <·r rds it is th<' r ight of th r peopl<' to alter or abolish hr pat.riotif•1 YPs! Bnt our patriotism must not h e ir. a nd to institute r: e\\' gon•rnm r nt, laying its ·.founda- JIHI't'OW. It must not · he degraded in defense and incitet ion on ~ll<·lr principles and organ izing its powrrs in mPnt of nni fonne<l . glorifi ed, military mnrder. The stt<·lt for·tn ;ts to them shall seem most likel.v to effect t1'11<'1'. br onder patriotism fin·ds expression in the hapth<·ir· saf'<·t~· and happiness." pirwss nnd prosperity of the people. It is not confined Th e Potuse of thr Colonis ts from this deelm·ation to h on n<l a 1·~· lihrs. R t>g;H·d for <'Yery r ace, love for to 1hf' Sllr'l'Pndrr· of Comwallis at Yorktown was dc- t'\'f' 1·~· knd. eonsidl·J'Htion for tl1 c people of eYery t<•rmincd largrly hy eronomic int erests·, as the .course (·]imr-n ll this is rinhodircl in it. of rn<'n is <lrt r rminrd in eYery age, but th ey fought for ~n r h i;; th <' pniriotism of the true Sociali t. the prin<·iplr 11<'\'Crtheless, and .th<'y gaY<' most lihrrnlly I'<'Yolntionist of tocla~-- and h e is striving to make it of lifp nnd treasnrc for its arlvancement . . -'\ s th e r eYO- uni rr· t·sal. The wot·k is ·n ot easy, hnt h e will succeed, Iutionists of 1776 stmgglrd for politica l tihrrty. so the and tlw dt>srf'nd:mts of those who drnonlice and deride rrvoluti onists of 191 5 nr<' struggling fo r iJI(lnstrinl lib- him now \\·ill pla(·,o f!O\\'eJ·s on his graYe and pay triberty. As tlwy were 'opposed by th e rich and powerful 1ttPs to his m rmory . .. Original ,Sin _ B y )01-II'\ I T WAR a warm morning. I had h<'en pulli~t g th e oars vigorously. I had strippt>d as mueh as ri,·ilized humanity- with its funny mental ct·otchet to the effect that the human body is disgraceful- will permit. Yet . I waft still overwarm. Casting about for shade, I spied a tiny i~c;;land with trres overhanging the water . I hr nt to the oar·s and quickly pulled up under the grateful refreshing boughs. .., ' As l sn t entioying the coolness I hecame conscious of a noisy ehattering in the branches above me. Looking up I found that I had attracted the angry attention of a score of mother blackbirds. Evidently their nests and little ones were hard by. I was an intruder. I might mean hnrm to their dear ki?dies. So they made ~1. • \\'OR K a furious assault upon me with their tongues. More than thnt. Thry tJ·iNl to summon enough cournge to nssanlt ml' with tlreir h r aks and wings and claws. One of tlwm, t\\'O dozrn feet or so directly aboYe my he11d. with ehws in battle -array, let h erself d escend r apid!:' right towm·d me. ·Maybe it was only a ):>lu~ . to tr:· to frighten me away. Or, maybe she really intencl~d t o attack me. If so, her courage failed when she was within a fe\\ inehrs of my hand-protected face, and she flew a\\·ay nphraiding me fi ercely in her own language. If th ey had only known it. I would not have hat·med their wee ones for J he wor1d . On the contrary, if I could hav"e donP anvthing to h elp to bring them up in �e th~ wq 1Uk b ac-UJir< n with de igl~ - MJ' B , Jio , they~ • dgre me- by 6thn' a. lfll{] f~emothen flcad been deapojled and m:diirdE~ m~Jtreated by t he f~batrs of t1le nee. 'l'hey hafl foond many l'ff the pl"esent genera "on of IIumaBs to he tJwir enemi{-r+. J."Ol' the 5im o{ my kind, and for my Rent, Interest-and Profit By CARL D. O('L\LI~Tl'i hl·lif•\'1' that what one earns he hould hn n ·. TtH·y a)!(() hdiHc that what one doe not r~rrrr lw "ltuuld not h:n-1·. Yl't millions upon million 111' doll111·" 111'1' tal<1·n hy t hr· r·ich and lf·isured era-. es (or• w hi,·!J tlw~· n•ud•·r no r-t•tur·n whaten•r, and render 111, •01·nit·t· to 1111,\'lliH'. Tht·Ht· millions tht· Sociali t t•I!JI lllwlll'lll'd int•OJOI'!I. . \11 llllf'l lf' ll''" ill<''''"'' ma~· arist• from an~· one of t II l't•t• d lfl'•·r·,.ri! soli ,.,.,.s- intt•rf•st, pr·ofit or rent. All tlrr·•·•· Ill'" l " '''f•·•·tly l••f!;Jl a11d ar·t· thPrt·forl· ent ir·ely .irrMIili•·d !.,\' 11r•· pt·P~t·r•t 1ror·ld. But tlwy ar1• imearned; ,,,.,.,.,., ,,.,,.~!'! . So,.inJi,.,ts \\'ould uholis lr ;ill unrarttcd inc·omes. l"n,J,.,. So•·i11lisrn t'\' f'I',VOIII' \\'1111111 f!C•t all that he C'arned. :\11 Oil< ' \\'nllld g1• 1 \\'hal hi' <litl JlOt ('Hl'll. !11 '"'"''''In dn thi~. Ro,·i;ilisJn proposl's that .a ll pubJi,. utiliti•·" 111111 JJnlul'lil l'I'Sfllll'f· rs shall lw takl'n OYer TH~~ · PSON and publicly otrned and op ratt'd. by the city, t t t»' nation. For 'it i clear. now thnt it i b~- IDQM of tll private owner hlp and opet·ation of' the p11blie Htilitit'S that the unearned income arc eeured. 'J'h ref l't', it is clear that the public· own rship t\ud tl1e p1:oper op· , l't·atiou of tlle e 11tilitir ·· lllil? he mndc to climinnt the e unearned im•ome ·.. If landlot;d . and . liPC\"tllntors should find Olllt (•ntirely new chem<> of' g-eqing rl'nt, iut r st nnd profit. Sorialism would thrn sh'il' nt th .llt'W scheme, whatever i_t might ·he, uutil it was dof nted. ~oc:ialism has this one 'enu in viPw, viz., to stop e~· ploitation and plumlC't'. \Yhnt 1.'\' t' mC'an nr ltl;l<' S· s<~n· to that end, Roeialism will u sC'. Tl1e objC'C't of Roei1ilism i>: to 1•nt ont nncl\t'U d in. comes. R ent, inter est and pr·ofit nrc th1· .o forms nnParned incomes. ThPsr Rot•in1ism will abolish. or Garbage-Fed Babies By FRANK H . WA R E I .:\ ( thil·ty ehildt•t•ll, l'<lllgiug in yPHr.· f1·om to twdn•. s<'nnti ly elnd, enuH·iatL·u and stan·. illll , fottiJtl th ,•it• \\' ll,V to thl'ir d.ail.'· J'l.'tHlezvons on South \\'~tlt • r· St l't•t>t :\lal'l,<'t whPt'l' gal'l11q,n• l'fiJJS wet'(' piled hi ~eh wi 1h dt•t·ll~·in!l' ft·u it nud n•gl'ta hie'. . To..,!!•eir noo;tr·il'l thl' 8llll'll must hnn•· heC'n nau eating. but to tIt Pit· l'lnpt~· ht•llit"l, ns th<'y t•lawed the cont ent. of the I'll liS w ith I"U~('I' hnnd. , the food w as welcome. Then t h1• polit'l" swoopl'tl down ou thl' l' ehildren as they .t\'1\'l'd in tht~ noi. oml' fl , aud took -them into custody. lt \\'11. lhl" 111·, t olfidnl art of tlte nl"w health comml;. hnwr, ~111d h1' \\•ns going to prow to the city that "f'tlll'il'lll'~·' ' WRs to bl' hi motto from tbe tart. In a H1•\'t'I'\'Ud.fiHl~~"undG,.Y manner of •·eJeaninwthe-dtyfrom.-hi"Uhoh'-to-~nN't' thi nt''" ('{)rom: ioner de' Jti,•H![tl, SPI' l'n rl~r<>d 111.' Wfts going to e:mse a •'healthy" re>olution. lie ram1' v.-r~' ne~r . u~eding a Kemiedy and R~rl~te7~ ... dnli aid rnten in t11e city eouneil.. dewmn<lE'd Utat tlt\' ~hild~n lJe fed by the city. With a fe w pointe•l wor·cls ti1Py tl!·cw the attention of the ··it:v administration to a better· plan or draliug with stal'ving wom~n and rhildren. 'J'Itey showed the blind onPs that lunchC's furnished frPe in t he schoolf! were ni-ore nout·ishing than tire gat·hag4ravengcd in the ·trrC'ts and market placC's. Of rourse one should not cxpl'ct a "s:me" capit.oJiHt arlministration to lParn m~h from this as tbos in the seats of thr mighty are n~t. even in the MonroB-. ori l!radrs of political l'conomy. The daily garhagt' feast has long hP-Pn a Hhoeking public disgrare. Rodriguez and Kenn~dy have once more proven the advanta~e of politieal action that put. rebels witb .a pur.Ph into · positions where they e1111 make the mo t of their opportunity. - aturally tbmoe is no fin~Jity in supplying free 1unehes, e ·en to <litar ing <'hildren, but it lt a ~ood opportunity for e«eetive propa~.nda. and t 2te<:e eomraif£>J> fW'!>W to Wl\'e UJW t~ mo of it. �T he Wes t ern C o ·m ra de .P oint ·O ut the Error f' B y DR. A. ]. ST E VENS P~"!"'!'!!'""'!~""'!!'!'!""'!~!!""'!!!'!'ll UJ1L ·u more tban twenty~six year of not in reality. The ~;tudy of the X -ray phenome na, the affiliation with and propaganda work for mathematical relation of color and mu ical tone , and 1 the Socialist movement, there ha been the integration and di integratjon of mat ter \\ill help · formulating in my consciou ·ne. a fji'o- u. ~o compcehend thi, correlation e:d ting betw<'en th<' g rarn to he ust~d hy . :my and all who two copditit>n - the here and th e hereafter. sitH;t·r .. Jy desire to hetter their own con·cience \ " xact knowlt'dgc of the facts of natur·,, ditions a nd indir ectly the condition . of cia. s ified anrl y tt'mati:zed ; and youth i, the estahli hctl - . all mankind . · A pla n or . p rogram fo1· relation whi('h the fact of na tu re u tain to each h uiiWJJ H('tion, . that dot•s not include pr i!lciples wh ich, othe r avd t o I!J.an.' can not get out ide of natm·t•. wiJ('fl appli<'d , wi ll J,,.ut•lit a ll physicaUy,;menta lly a nd :Every t hing ·we think or do fall within uatm<'. And spiritually , is not t:o rnplc c a Hd not ·c omprehensive in t he degr ee t hat we cicntifically adjust ourselns to ('II OII I{h to wa r'l'a n t a t1·ial hy t he t wentieth century na ture a nd n a tu re' laws, i n that degr ee we free ourJH'Opl r•. selves f r·om !'itarvation , overwork, fear of want, fea t• of I hop•· yoH w ill uot eonsidcr me an eg otist or " hefl, " etc. "sllta l't-a l•·r·k " in ntakiu g th e f ollowing statementsNo ·dou bt b_u t \ha t we all wond et·: why so much for· if' yo 11 do, you will he classing such. men as Alired physical suffering exists in the midst of plentyY Why Hu s~H· II Wall:ll' e, S it· Oliv<T Lodge, Sir Wm. 'rhompson, so much mentaL anguish and spiritual d oubt are experiTltos. A. Edison, Ca r·] :\Tan.:, Abraham Lincoln,-"T. K. " enced by thr majm·ity of p eople in t h e midst of so •·I a l. , a lso as mur·h- for· Tam repeating somewhat from many philosophies, r eligions a nd pa naceas for happithr•s<' illustrious men : rn •·n who have spent many y ears ness 1 And our wonde r incr eases-until our Program of •wiPntifi <• rt•sear<·h af'tPr thP tr·uth , concernin g a of Life shall b e con_struct ed along lines which include l!i ~-t hl Lift' 's Pr·o~r·am. both phases of life, viz., the physical and spiritual. Most rwopl•·. now-a -days, IH'lii'\'C in t he evolutionary 'vVhen we lea ve out e ither the physical or spiritua l we lht•or·y of lifl' , as advanr·cd hy Darwin and Wallace. have but half a trut h or. program, and we all know that Walla!'<', al't.t·r mon· than fot'ty y ears of research, con- we can't do this in mathematics, music. or a ny of the fir·n~t• d thPir rnali'rial evolutionary theory of life, but scien ces and expect accurate r·e sults. Wl'nt Darwin on e hr ttrr, viz·., he, A. R. \Vallace, added Life is either destructive or constructive, t emporal to t hPir· ntntPrial (•volution a spiritual evolution. or permanent ; a nd as life has been proven to be conDarwin . ays, Pvolntion is confined to' the mater·ial tinuous and scientific it th erefo re follows that a proouly ; Wallnre, T,odg-c, \Vm. 'l'hompson, Edison and "T. - gram to be consistPnt must includ e a ll phases of life. J<. " say that cvolut ion includes not only the physical Our Socialist prog-ram is like Darwin 's evolutionJ ill also th e '>piritnnl or psychical. it is good as far as it goejj. It considers but a part of Ahr·altam T.inr oln hr licvrd in a spiritual r ealm and life- lhc ·, hysical. To be sure it (the Socialists ' protrennonsly advocated thr hcttcr·ment of material con- gram ) is par ex rrll en ce compared 'Wiith our aged com. 1'JZP. d ma ter·Hrl . prograr11 ""-. <';it.ions h<· r·e on rnl'th to faPilitate man's ~1, spiritual mer('Ja We arE' seein g thP fruition o f this latter prog ra m in -11d psychit'al drvl'loi>mrnt, which are n ecessary to ,•volntiomrr~· fr·ppflom lwre and her eafter . th r war of Europr . Th er(l property and material thin~s As 11 sort of 11 JJPrve tonic to the ultra materialist, are more highly prized than human life. It is th e same lt>t Ill<' say hPrP that the exi t cn ce of a future state or hr r r in thP Fnitr d ~hrt cs, except we a r e not u sing t he t·orHiitiou l'or mn-n has nlreadv been scientifically dem- " up-to-date" and mod e rn m ethods of killing. W e Ar e 1 • onst.r·ntPd or proven by and through the material- using the slow, cr-afty and cunning p r ocesses of killing, "!'i<'ll\'1' nrPI hods of ill\'Pstig"ation. as w ell as by psychical Yiz .. stan·ing , overwork, fear -of-wan t, fear-of-h ell, etc. md.hods. · Na ture g ives u'l· ahnndant opportunities for investi' · My pro~:mnn or· plan ther Pfore includes principles ga tion, a ppropriation a nd assimilation. The Socialisti; and niiPs of li ft' t o hP a pplied here and now, but at the haw investigate(! the m ateria l eondition s and h ave ar · "lllllP tinw pr·it ~c' i p l P>: a nd rules which .will-when lived ri,·ed at a !!en rral agrermen t. hut ar e clivided as to the r ig htly- fit us for tlw next r ealm. The two seeming app ropriat ion method . T his rlivi'lion fPnds t o n eutralize or destroy onr •l ill't>t'Pnt n•alm« or· 1>f11tes of existen ce differ only in dl'\!1' <'1' of fint•m•ss, vihrat !on, eonsciousn es , et c., a n d pow!'r. a nd wh a t!'Y!'r dPst roys onr po·w!'r is unwise. Tf ~. ·we �·-· T ~ Western Comrade t his be true in the political neld, it is true in the economic and every other phase ·of human activity. Our 1·xperience has taught us that eo-operat)ml is a law of uatnre. The atoms co-operate to form the molecule ;md the molecules unite to form the cell and the cells join to form the organism, whether mineral, vegetable, :mimal or man. If any part of lUi organism-a wagon, :1 watc~, a flower, or man~fails to ·perform its function then the efficicney l)f the whole is curtailed. )fan is a physical, spiritual and psychi~~ organism. I r his material leg or eye is destroyed, we at once decide that the whole organism is affected. We also sa.y if a n•:.n has "wheels in· his head ... or is not of sound mind, hi' iR clcfieirnt in his usl'fulni'SS. Tf he gets drunk, an!! l':V, or is not t1;uthful and is immo,·al, we at once cla s l1im as not the hest. Sc·ienrc hns demonst-r:ited that lief is continuous and thnt we tal'<' with us on feavi~g this realm certain things nernmulated while in this physical body-in a word , chrtr·ac-t<'J'. whcthrr good or had. \Ve 's ay a bad ,-harartrr is not <lrsirahle l1ere, and neither is it "over t hc·•·e. '' :VT nte1·iul things we leave behind. 'rhey .are J OII:\1 aml Hnymond were brothers. 'rhey lived on a homc·stl' acl, in the middl e west, ri·ght on the very t•dg-C' of a gJ'I'at rolling prairie. . .John was the first horn and the~·ef'ore the favorite. It was .John who had the mittens with the double lining-. It w a~ John who .sat upon the ho1·sehair upholstl'rPu conch, that was reserved_for guests only. It was .Jo hn that ('Ou ld harn ess up the old gray and go to the husking- her. lt was John this and John that. At last the mothe1· of these boys decided that .John must he giYen an education. John went to college . • •roim went to )he mountai.ns during his vacati'Oh. For the re it was, that he would meet educated people, p~o­ ple that cou ld help his career. Thus it was that John li\· d oft. As fo 1· Raymond, he got up and made the fire in the old drum! tovc, fed the stock and went down the old ie.v path to the spring. Raymond was told that he did not need an ed ucation one in the family was enough. Hi mother and father had never had an education. Jollll fini hed ll-1 education and married a society ~irl in the ea. t. He bad a good po ition as a corporation attorney but he needed his alary to live as an nttorney nould in hi posi,tion, and just could not spare :my to hi. folh. The mother w11s tired of life's grim struggle and at 1111' age of Rix:ty uccumbed. Raym~nd was DOW left ·23 only useful during our short stay on earth, but are very neees a.ry while here. ' e cannot lluild character which we take with u., without the material things at the same time. Now our program must include character building as the goal and material things for u e while her , in order to conform to nature's intent or laws. Without t'bara cte~ w.e are. non •ompo mentis, but with good character we are good lovers, brother , ist r , parents and -citizen . . · Good ~haracter e tabli hes unity, co-· (!peration and power. Tea h from th Progr ive Life how· to acquire o-ood ch.a racter. · The Land Colony is pu. lung aJ1 ad. Every mOd rn appliituee within reach for lio-lltening'the "load ' of life i being utilized by the e Socialists. They 'are pro ceding with d t rmination that mean. . uc s' .' I note "with hcartf _lt gratitude, in th hi t est r~ Comrade,· that th ·children will b ini'tiat d under the Montessori· method · f e(J.u'cation and that e ry opportunity is being "'iven them for recr ation and education. Our program thl'n mu t includ th.e spi~itual w 1fa,·e as well as th e phyis &-1. · with the mortgaged farin upqn his shoulders. John bad of l11te forgotten to w~ite. The farm was run down, so Raymond left and went into the bigger world. Some years after Raymoiid 'was one of myriad cogs in a great indu_strial machine and lived in one of those boxes, which is . one of an endless row. ·His wife was sick; sick with the great white plague; his son was a weak boy, his health undermined by the insanitary ~on­ ditions of the coal mines. Raymond worked twelve hours earli' day in the daJ11.p coal mines. He dared not stop, or the rent ~nd do tor bill~ould come due and the company did not tolerat~ laxp ess in the ·paying of debts. John, what had become of him 1 He was elected governor of the state in which Raymond worked. John's f1·iends hnd pulled political wires and elected him. He owed much to them. His wife had satisfi d her social ambitions. · Yes· it is true the owners of the. coal mines had compelled their employes to vote for· John ns governor, ·but ·that was politics. The conditions in the coal mines were · terrible. There were none of the new safety appliances, ior they dl:'traeted fr:om the dividends, and large dividends. meant gener11l business prosperity. The miners struck. The mine owners went to John and said; "Our employes are damaging our business; we supported you• for governor, now send us troops .· �The We ter :24 Comrade '00 protect ~u.r bu in 41; d pro 'Th troo w<ere enlt. A ri ltled 'OwUJg Ito 'tJI: - wlb:it C: • Th e C on.scrtpt I 1 By !MARY E . . GAIRBVTT T HE Con~ript goes with . uUen D'lien .ttd do To face the cannon' mouth. He may return again to ho1ne and wife, On<·<~ mor~ tah up his humble life-Or he mHy fall a ,·ictim in 1he str!fe. ey flp lras uo foe that urg<'s to the fi!J~t; li e is not .. alh•d S?lll<' l'fl!<·l wron""- to right. !It> got>s IH·<·f•lls<· lw 's eaught within the net ()f' f;I)Jnl! str•oug, 1'/'Ut'l pOWt•t' that ta]a•s away hi wiiJ To fH·t a fr·•''''llHIJ '!! part. 'f'IJ,. Cous<·f·ipt f<'<•ls no san1g1~ lust for· blood; :-.lo militar·y ·~ lory lin•s his ;.oul: But r·atht· r· in his humble hrtast is found A 'lpirit f'ri<•rHily to all lrunt<lll hind. ()f' I'I'I'I':V l'llt'l' and <·lime. Awl .v1·t th" ~ror·d !!OI'S f'orth he must obey, Aud rn ar·,·h into the thidwst of t he fray To do till' \'o• r·:v things his s<orrl revolts against. II' liP t'lllild ouly llPI'VC - him~t·ll'. a man of str·ength, To voic·P tl11• slurn.fH• r· ing- insti1wt of his h eart; lTn would rt•si>;t this ll!!:<'· IOio g tyninny of crowns That f'ol'l·l'~ him to do this t·ntcl wrong To hi s own soul. ll pon fht• lmttl<'fit•lu in tr·t•IH·Ires gr·im BP~ide his hrot h('l'S slain- Amitl tlrl• -; hril'ks aud gro<r!i.' of dying m•m At last his ,;oul is stitT('cl-lris mind awakes: Tlis IH•Hrt l•lll'll!i with R flam e tl~eannot die. He hreaks tlw age-long chains that hind him fat; ln eom·Rg!' str·ong he stnnds at lRst. 1fe I'll II aloud ,\· i~h shotits of joy eros the lim•s to those in tr·enches there-- ' oo lfa ti n A w :a10 · lly Mi l' illl th m ee. R nd bad h. d n0 <edueation, therefore bt moral c-od ernde, 'but thi \ , too mu h. B 'Strllek th ald\et' in ~turn, be tru k 'harder than be in~ t.-nd-ed, and ~i led l1im. ~ ffi()ild 'va e()urt-martialed and deported' to :a military pri n und r a "'lift>'' enfence; which m-eant d-eath. · John had a on, who' as educated much the am-e a hi fatl1er. The on wa now in the real tate -hu iu-es ~md owned a traet of land in Florida, \v'hich wa:s ah olutely worthle s. Ne\'erthele . , h old man$' lots and c•leared Otn(>thing like 0,000. It · w11, not hi fault that hi victims had not investigated. Late one night a thin, weak and . houlder-lwnt creature succPeded in breaking into the parlor of John's· '. -son s hous<'. 'l'he on of John heard the noi e a11d, grasping hi revolver, ct·ept in upon th intruder and cap· tnr·ed him. 'l'he police were sUm· mont>d and the thief quickly taken away. The law condemned him, Thus ht> berame a criminal. 'I'he law • -did not ask why his mother died in tlr.P I ittle unfurni bed o.ne-roorn com· ra ny house ? It did not ask why _his fat. hc•r· had been given "life" im· pr·isomnent 1 It did not ask about the arlvantages which · both father and ~o:on - had never been able to gain. lt wt-ighecl only the fact that he had hrrn caught with the goods. 1'h(' son of .John was elected a .inrl~t"P and accredit d by all a good . f'l'llow. 'rhc law did not ask where lw mr~ his wealth or whether his fath<'r was an honest man. It cared not, he 'was a business success. Yet some sHy environment molds not the man. But Why Crow? The .wife of a Sacramento Social}. t has been married "A1·e we not fr·iE'nd ' and romr·ade , oh ye men f H avE' wr n gr·irnmre thnt WE' wound and layf I send ll<'t'O'l to you, my bro'ther f.ov~s wRy to . l'ttle every wrong. 'o more like- (•attle dumb will we obeyl.ike freemen . trona we wifl ari e Aml, joining hand .. build u · a world Radiant w'th joy-with fret>dom, and! good wiD!" three times, Her maiden name was Partridg , her first husband was named Robfu~t, her <~econd • parrow, the pre ent Quale. There are now two yotJng robin , one sparrow and three quale in the lam· ily. One grandfather was a Swan and another a Jay, b11t be'!f dead now and a bird o'f' Paradise, They live Haw~ aven e, Ea Jeville, f'anary Island, and tl:te fellow whE) wrote this is a Lyre and a: relati-ve on of thre family. �The e t er Co ra e ate By jack Wolf HE sky ill leaden. tbe air odes m, .\II natnr.- brood11 in a thr at to kill 'f'hf• lion roarJJ in tbe for de p But I, in my houHC JJe<.'Ure, •hall h>ep. I Till' lrtorm paHIWd weakly, the sky i blue, . • Tit(• Hhip i'l Haf1• and thP hunt<.'rs too,l'.ut ttw mau in hiK houHc upon the Read the Cilrrect Interpretation of "Gn<lerlying .Motiv in the · lost Remarkable and Valuable Book pf the Year roc·k, 111114 diKIIPJWarc•cl in an earthquake Khoek! The · Mexic·an People-Their Struggle for Freedom How to Tell a Democrat Hy W. W. Pannell M':clnvfriPncl, 111(• Soc·ialist, was one lf•arling n rather diminutiYe' .fo ·t'Mo•v ;.em• olown thP main strer·t of !riM lit1lo· holllf' town, h~· means of a -BY:L. Gutierrez d¥J.a.ra -~d E~cump Pinchon r----:o~-=-~~---. .j Eugene r·oJH' tic·cl to a ring in tlw animal's Jlfi Hf' , w lw n lw Wlls o•lHlllPngrd hy a . . . .... v: Debs' says : ... 't ' "• • • It is written fro~ the point of view of the working cla.s , the. tillers of the soil, the ·produaers 'o£ the wealth, and shows that throug4 all these centuries of toil and tears and · blood and martyrdom they have been strugglir!g for the one purp'ose of emancipating themselves from the tyranny of a heartless aristocra.cy, buttressed on the . one hand by the Roman Church and on the other by ~.he military power." ,·ouJr t:r l> .. rncwr·at of the• pia('{', as 'rol lowfol: ·'.."•hr;v. l ' no·lo•, 11tnt 's 11 Soc·ialist t·ow, isn '1 if ?" " ~o.'' J'('pli!'d mv fr·irncl with o•mpl!Hsis. " This i~ a Democrat 1' 0\\', ' ' " flow do you· mnlw thnt out, t ' uo·IP?" "II ow I" c>xplod!'d our friend. " Y1111 olum my, rnn 't you SI'C that I 11111 l('riCling it hy the noseY" ...... ... Georgia Want d-Two Million Votes Kot~o:r.p ·. . says : :' • • • · It -strips the glamor of benevolent motives from the dealings with Mexico of the United States and other countries and,presents the starl: truth that American and 1VOrld capitalism has been, and is, in league against the pl'Q}etariat of Mexico -for its own sordid interest. And while the M:exiean master class is depicted as the most depra~ed and bloodthirsty in history, the SoeiaHst will see ~bat the tory of the Mexican proletariat is in greater or less degree and in varying circuinstanccs the tory of the proletariat in every country.'' ... ~ ... Published by "OUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Price $1.50 e will end you this book and The Western Comrade for one year for $2.00 " �.. The· W e·s tern Co mrad ~! 2fi Be atural and Yo1,1 Will Be Dainned · By tuart Taber L p R-R-rrr-e-eet! Tn WEET-T-T! Wbc-e-eet! tn WHOO-oooooooo t Wild-shrill-loud-soft And purple-shadow smoo't.h; Trills or foYe, good ongs of food Twitters at cloudlets; ' Bold warbles to breezes, ~:f;~d jay-lwreams at NOTHING. NOT CARING A DAM: r! ;: Shoot Capitalism With a ,. ;·stereopti~on Ro hurhles unhampered, 1\ll heal.thy with freedom- .·· grratic as wind, · The wonderful 1 CIPan-bodied .: BIRD! No purity tie nus ,to in-fect him No lifr-sca ring legends of Christ ; No laws SIWC the dictums of NATURE, No fools to hray at his antics! He~ eotnes and goes at his leisure, No mflstrr in his, save Desire! llis pranks lPai! him not to a madhouse; Without shame he may love in th e sunlight; Jlis food h e may choose from AT1L food, And no joint-swPlling lnhor is hi~. liP is fr·1•r I l~r·ee ! FREE!. As fr·<·<· as t li P c·lean white cloud! And 11111 I not as great as a hird ? Must l crippl e my body with toil 'l'hat som e fat fool and his greasy' woman . May swathe their filth in si lks ? Must T.mutc my good clean songs of flesh, · ArHl steal my love in the glooms of night? Must the yellow teeth of the PACK _ Grind the will .that NATURE g-ave to ME ? Watch th e Bird! WA'l'CH ·ME! 1 Anyone can :lecture -w ith the aid of pictures ; they tell the story, you ·p~int 'out ·t~e m~ral. P.ictures draw a crowg where otlter means faiL 'They make your work doubly effective. We tell -you how to get the greatest results _a t the ~east expense. . . , _ , Send stamp for comRlete information. W. SCO.TT -LEWIS l;.os 3493 Eagle Street: ~eles, California Gen. Otis says editorially' in .The Times, of EVERYMAN (By Luke North) " If law and order, respect for conventions and property right& are to be maintained in this land and its civilization continued, publications like Everyman must be suppressed . . " • And again,Gen. Otis says: "Its lamentably brilliant · pages pervert art to the cunning uses of social disturbers . . . "-an'a'-also, says the General, still speaking of Everyman: "It is disturbing to ~ental stability." Thank you kindly, General. I could ask no greater boon from the J.1os Angeles Times.-Luke. THE JONES BOOK STORE 226 West Fi1·st St., J.1os Angels, Cal. Hcfldquarters for the best Socialist hooks and literature. .., EVERYMAN· .<Monthly> Each I_ssue Has ·a n Important J.1ecture or E say by Clarence Darrow INSURANCE Fire, Life, Accident, Liability Automobile, C:tc. Best Com pan les Lowest Rates P. D. NOEL -Phones - Main 5247. A · 4533 • Residence 31238 Will be glad to call on you • Year $1 .50, Copy_25 Cents 516 American Bank Bldg., Los -Angeles �The Wester'n Comrade u Cheapest Because It -Weizrs Best Women's Men's l'nion Suits, low neck, knee length, sizes 32 to 44 ..... . . ·....................... . .. . .. .. $1.25 l'nion Suits. half low neck, elbow sleeves, ankle length, sizes 32 to 44 ..... .......... . ...... . 1.25 l ' nder Vents, s leeveless, sizes 30 to 44.......... .3~ :-light Robes, s izes 32 to 46 .... ......... , ...... 1.50 Hose, extra wearing, black, sizes 8 to 101h... . . .30 Hose. light weight , all colors, sizes 8 to 101h ._. . .50 Undershir.ts, light w~ight, cream, sizes 34 to 44 .. $ .75 Undershirts, light w igbt, black, sizes 34 to 44 .• 1.00 Drawers, light we!ght; cre~c~m. sizes 30 to 44.. .. .75 Drawers, Jigb.t weight, cream, sizes 30 to 44 •••• 1.00 Shirts aild · Drawers •. dottble fleeced, grey, sizes 30 to 44-.• . .•...... ·. ...... . .....•.•..•..•••• 1.25 Shirts and Drawers, Egy'ptlan cotton, ecru, sizes 30 to 44 .. .'... ............. ~ .. .. . .. .. . 1.50 Girls' Children's Bqys' tl nion Su its. Rizes 20 to 30 ... $ .50 l ' nion Sui ts , !Jetter grade, sizes 20 to 30.. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 1.00 Hose. black. tan or white , s izes G to liJih .... .. ........ . .25 Taped unions, answering purpose of a waist, sizes 20 to 28 .............. . .. . . $ .65 Same as above, only better grade, sizes 20 to 28 . . . 1.05 U nion Suits, s izes 20 to 32 .... $ .60 Un.fon Suits, b etter grade, sizes 20 to 32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Sportsman's hOBP for boys, sizes 6 to l.Olh ... . . . . . .25 to .40 Pure Wool Goods · Made by Wool Grow<>rs! Co-op<>ratiYc Mills. Direct From Sheep's B:wk to Yom Hnc·k. Alack and Grey Mackinaw Coat, length 35 Inches, sizes 36 to 44 ........... . . .. ... . .... $8.00 Blankets - White or grey, 70x82 in., weight 5 Jbs .. . ........ $7.85 Grey, 70x82 in., weight· 7¥.! lbs .. .... . . .. .. . . . . . 9.90 ' TrouRer s, Grey and Navy Blue, usual sizes .... . . $4.00 Shirts, Grey and Navy Blue . usua~izes ... .. . . . 3.00 Men's Hose Extra wearing value, black, s izes 9 to ll'h ..... $ .25 Heavy weight, black, sizes 9 to 1Jih, 3 pairs .... 1.00 Llano del Rio Community <Mail Order Department> 923 Higgins Bldg. Los Angeles, Cal. (Make aU 'Cheeks or money orders payable to Llano dPJ Rio (::OmpanyJ �The Wester Co rad must eome. will me dear -ghting eye f trig er finaer." Z'ntel't'd u ueond-dau ma1tet' at the pofi otllce at Loot An&'dea, CaL _ . If yon are looking for philon4 Higglq Building, Loa Angelea, Cal. sophical fatalism you. won· find i in. the office of the ern mSubac:rlptlon Price One Dolla r a Year rade. · If you wan: tb inspiration ·In Cluba of Four Fifty Centa of bo.ili.ng;. e · a activity and Job Harriman, Managing Editor TilE WE ERN COMBADB Frank: E. Wolfe, Editor Vo. III June, 1915 No. 3 Inspiration or Gloom? By Edouard d'Ormand LI \'UEIO;\C; a rrwnrt•nt in thP delight rul a I lllOSJihf'!"e of in!U>uithat thinly 1'0\"I.! I'S t!Je spll'ntlid s pir·rt of 1·0rtrr·;11teship iu the editorial .,ffi1·1· or t lri -; IIJ<rga,.irw 1 once overll!·:rI'd ;r 1·r·it i··isrn lrmwtl solely upon 1'11\'1'1'-f'll )!l' app•·ar''"'''<' of one number· ·- thnt •h1· prrldic·ation was "too giOOIII,\'. I I I lrnl'f· si 111·" \\'IHHII'r·Pd if any of the l'f';rtli•I'S or I lit• insidt• pagrs sh at'l'd in ,,,..opinion or till all too superficial c·r·it if' I r I IJ< •J'(' h·· snr·lt may l he perllritlt•d to disp,.J thPir· false co nclusi ons. 'l'llf· t·ditor is so horH'fn l, so c ·: rr ·r r•· ~t :rrrd t'lliiiJH'l lin g in his entlrus insm 1h:rt all ll'ho sul'l'ound him· lll't· 111 tinH·s l'lll'l' ird H\\'ay with his l't•l'\'ll l' untl I lr;ll't• st•f'n h11lf a dozen Jl''''slllls, s~>nr..t imPs rasual visitors. ,.; rrdd•·nl~· p lu ng••d into ' 11 state of • l't•lq·ilt • t•nt• J'g,l' ll'hilt· :rll 1ul'llecl in ll'illr 11 ll'ill and II'OI'k(•d at nn·ions I :rslo: inc·idl'nt ,to grtting out cirt·ul:rr·s 1111tl p uhl it·ity mnttt•r· fol' th e tn:til nr· p rl-'lr ing- l'or·wanl thP pt'opag-:rlldll ol' t·O-O JWt'llt·i\·,, artion. · · ]I' this Jlii~St 'S th•• t•('Jl~Ot•ship J llSk you t n ht>liP\' 1• thi~ ('tlitol' is thr most hojH'I'IIl and opt imi tie man T l\no\\-. Ht·~idt> him nt ll'ork 1 :rm l rd to joi;1 in his hl'lit'f in tltt• :tphor·ism of -...aint ~imon: "L 'n!:!r d ·m·. qu'mw :wrug-rl tt·ntlition 11 pin•·<' ju qu iri d11n. Ir JlH.'SI'. P . t dl'Ynnt non. '' (The o-oldt'n ng-P whh'h hlind tradition h11"' hithftt•to pln<'Nl :tn thl' pn. t. i. ,in t hl.'fnt•f' us ). >lot th•1t tltl'l'l' is n hl.'li!'f of tlowN·y lwds of t'lli'il' without first tin• . nffl'rinl! of O,•henml- that i. ;llri'IHh· hrr,~-hut wr arr aoing tht'Ou~h it.jH't·hnp. · with a fig-ht ~nore hm·p 11um mo t dnrl' fa er. That i II p;n·t of th<' glliUt'. 1 flntl ht>N' no hrinking from the futurt'. Ht' T<' rafltt>r thf' pirit of !-1:1111"1' hoMI~- f~H·ing th traight pathway no ntl\tt ('r how ''rhargM with pun~ Hunl'tlt tllt' • <'roll." llf'N' i. the f l\Th.' S Wl'h th t. the fight, if it Wat a.nd Alcohol W ARa terrific b·as hit the alcohoi busin~ jolt. Plupaed into Tradt> 'nio~ 'lead r . ' "l'he ,oon~r · w~ eut out the !'I oze, th better i th~ war, the gr n tion ·•found will be fot• u . \Y 11r up 11gain t that social coo-nizimee of tne alco- , the ht•ewde t men in the countr . hoi menace bad to be taken. ~Ye rnn't afford to p i n our Some worker in thi countt:y ar brain. . I would lik t th predicting that · the use o'f alcohol whole L!t bor :\ ov m nt p'ut the ban will decline in thi country - pecause . 011 nltohol. It poi n nnd kill . It the lesson being le.arnrd in wat·- n<>ver ha won an. bflttle for us 'nud tom Europe will riot be lo~t ou ne,·er will. ut it out!' ,. America. "'Ve workingmep need Arid h wu no prndr. lie was to be wide-awake and at our. best · just a good, hnrd fightet' wh ha eve!'Y minute, for our fight is seri.- · lwen through n 1 t f fight nnd OilS and never-ending,': ·sa.id a: · ktlOWR wlrH t Is n e t>dcd to win . at ·NEXT EXECUTIO. 1 �... Will Herir;Y Think? By AR"GI YlNGA A .----------------~~~- ; Th American ·Socialist Official Orru of the PHYSICIAN on . his morning po e ion of hi early morning .find walk found a five dollar bill As concluded it was be t to retire bis a keen diagnostician be detected emerg n cy cb:rrency from circulasome congenital discr epancy in the tion, as it had n~een leilllized b _: Tbe American Socieliat apeak• ~l'eenfJaek,-but he also ob erved it the ' millionair club" at hea<t- , With authority. It ia a 'pOwerful t.or·e su<:h a convincing likeness to qnarters. Thi he qui k.ly acd the ones printed on the legalized eompli h . d by laying the' purions n_e}V'a an propaganda weekly press that he decided it would well bill on the fire of his'. -Open· grate. and ja tb.e only paper in ·t he One of th chief difference be- -Un,ited .:States wiuch give• an ~>• · rn• in paying a bill he owed his ~·· uial hut insisterrt butcher. t\reen the phy i ian and the bank- account ·of the official buainea• As tht> hut<·,heJ• started to put what · t>rs was that the phy ician had tq -·• of the Socialiat Party. '"' th oul!ht was a legal satisfaction go with his hone t d bt unpaid .(as Every Socialist. Every Student of Sociaol' a ll hoiH•st Jcht in his till, a farmer did the butcher, the farmer and · •·lr1•·'·"d a!J() ca lled his attention to a th t> blacksmith ) until the piece of · . lism sh.outd be a subscribe~. long- nvt>nllll' aec·ount. · \Vithou.t d e- paprl' was found by the roadside: Subscription Price ln,v tl11• hut<"h cr handed ov ~r the doc- while th e famous em rgeney cur·- · SO·cents a year. tor·.'s rt>c:cnt find to the farmer- and reney promoters have the.- ~d.van- . tl~o• I'a r·n11' r hl'amed with satisfaction. tage· of ))!'inters' ink and paper.' ' · The American Socialist and The Tlr •• n th•· f'al·mrr· went to the blackNo,Y, who thinks that the doctor, Western Comrade can be had in. ~ lnith nnd, using the same five, paid the butcher, tl1e farmer and the co~b.i'nation for one year'by sendf'ol' the !'<'pail's on his wagon. But blacksmith· were swindled in the · 1111' hla .. ksmit h , who gloried in his a IJoye tl'ansaction ? Were t hey DOt' . ing $1.25.to p1·omplnl'SS in paying his debts, ran all satisfied that their debts wer-e WESTER~ · o,.,. ,. to the doctor 's and settled for paid ? 924 Higgin,s Building ,,.n ·i··.. s rr•nderecl during the blackThe moral to this tale is admitLos Angeles, Cal. smitlr's wif'P 's illness. t ed!~- oln·ious, but- think it over, Th l' <loc·t ol' on finding himself in TT r nr:', g in it a thought! S·acllllst Party of Alrienca. THE COMRADE If you like Socialists Attention! In order to place a copy of our catalogue . of unlon.made goods· in tlfe hands of ever y reader of The Western Comrade, we will· send postage prepaid,. on receipt of FiFTY CENTS, one of our g~ulne sheepskin-leather car-d cases BEARING THE UNI ON LABEL. This card case contains four pockets, one large for bills and papers, one for your dues-staiilP book, and · two · with transparent windows for union member ship cards. This is the ONLY CARD CASE on the market made by Organized Labor and bearing .the union label. It Is no longer necessary for a class-conscious Socialist to be inconsistent. Send fifty cents In stamps or money order. MUTUAL UNJON TRADING COMPANY . (The only tu:closlve union label merchandlsens) (Owned and managed by membeno .of the working class) 9 Board of Trade Court, CHICAGO, !LLS. PEARSON'S. MAGAZIN'E at all, you will like it BETTER ·than any other ~gazine ~ - Send your name and addreae on a poatcanl to PEARSON'S MAGAZINE, 425 Eaat 24th Street, New Y orlc City, for a .FREE SAMPLE COPY A!IO:: .lEE; then aubacribe tbrouchHEkE'S A BARGAIN You can gef botlt PEAR· SON'S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN . COM· RAOE for one year by sending $1.50 (the price of Pearaon•a alone) to The Western-comrade 923 HIGGINS BLDG. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. �10 A Th ·e Wester n Com r a de More Fun ~t Llano SUNDAY school teacher one day caught "sanctification " and a '' limpse of heaven.'' The following St y she told her class of little hoys of the ,joys and pl~asures they would derivr. when once they get inside. the p early gates. "Now, hoys," said the teacher, when sh e thought she had them hypnotizrd, "how many of you want to go to heaven 1" All stood save little Jimmy. "Stand up with the rest of us, Jimmy,' ' came persuasively from the. teacher·. "You want to go to heaven, don't you 1" • " NopC' !" was Jimmy's firm response. , "Why, Jimmie !" fairl y screamed th e astout~d cd t e:1 cher, "of eoursr. you flo! W c all do! Why, heaven is wond cl'ful ; it is sublime; it is--" ''Aw- - " h1·oke in Jimmie, "I don 't wnnt t o go ther·e. My old mm1 's .ioined thr Llano del Rio Colony." .THE SOCIALIST CAMPAIGN BOOK FOR.1914 . Will glye .you up-to-date Information about -- Known bondholrlers, mor tgagees and other security holders holding one p er cent or more of total amounts of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: None. JOB HARRI MAN. Sworn to and subscril!ed befor.e me this 24th day of Mar ch, 1915. C. V. EGGLESTON, Notary Public in and for the County 8f Los Angeles, State of California. (My commission -expires Nov. 19, 1918.) C~ime· Tb~ :Old Parties ~he Progressives Syndicalism Conce~tration of Wealth · T he Trusts ' ' P r'ofits So.cia1ists in Office · Child Labor · Woman and Labo'r Industrial Accident~ Poverty and many other things. of 'intet:est . to Socialists and students-too many to ment~on. · It has been com.piled by the INFORMATION DEPARTMENT OF THE SOCIALIST PARTY and is the most complete reference book of that character that has ever been.published. · · Com l'nd e Theodore Roosevelt is peevish because a cartoonist has pictUI'cd him with the wrong foot in the stirr·up while mounting a horse. Aeeuraey- historical accuracy is indispensable. Perhaps that's why the colonel placed his 0. K. on a statuette of himself, mounted on a broncho ciHII'ging up San Jl}an Hill when t her·e were no mounted American troops in Cuba. bull~ing. The High Cost of Living · : · White Sla~ery Une~ployment Historical Accuracy Statement of ownership, management and circulation, e t.c., required by the a ct . of August 24, 1!!12, of THE WESTERN C9MRADE published monthly at Los Angeles, California, for April 1, 1915 : Managing editor, .Job Harriman, 923 Higgins building. . . Editor, Frank E . Wolfe, 923 fliggins bu ilding. Busiqess manager,'.Frank E . Wolfe, 923 Higgins building. Publisher, .Job Harriman, 923 Higgins building. Owner, Job Harriman, 923 H iggins • The Socialist Movement The Labor Movement Co-operat·ion Exploitation Wages and Hours Bound in flexible -cloth. 350 pages. 50 CENTS A COPY. THE WESTERN COMRADE $1 PER Y'EAR SPECIAL COMBINATION - We will send you THE WESTERN COMRADE f or one yr ar ar d THE CAMPAIGN BOOK FoR $1.25. Add.ress Circulation Department, 924 . Higgi ns ~ ull d i ng, Los Angeles, Cal. The British Columbia Federationist Room 217 Labor Temple Vancouver, B. C. '-$1.25 Per Year Issued Weekly R. P arm Pe ttlp lece, ·Managing Editor A labor paper unparalleled ilY any labor paper of C;._nada. Endorsed by the VIctoria: Trades a .n d Labor Council al!d New W estminster Trades and Labor Council. Otllcial organ or the Va-ncouver Trades and Labor Cou ncil and' -Brltl•h Columbia Fede ration or Labor. T he paper for Industrial Unity, Polltlcal Unity, Strength and· Victory! rr you do not take this paper you shou ld subscribe today! Telephone Home A-4533 Home HARRIMAN & RYCKMAN Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. J A-~003 Main 619 A. J. SUVENS Dentist 306 South Broadway Room 514 Los Angeles, Cal. �The ·we s tern Co .m r ad e Llano del ·Rio Co-operative Colo-n y. ("' . Llano, C.a lifornia is the greatest Community Enterprise ever launched T HIS In America. _About 120 ac~es of garden has been planted this year. The,_j:olonists are farming on. a large scale with- the ·.use The colony was founried by Job Harriman and is situated . of modern -macl!!nery, using s.cientlftc system and tried .~ · in the beautiful Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, Cali- methods. fornia, a few b6urs; ride from Los Angeles. The community Social life in •the ' colony Is ·inest delightful. Entertainis solving the problem of dlsemployment and business failure, and otTers a way to provide for the future welfare of the ments and dances are regularlY:" -established functions. · Baseball, ba.Sket-ba1l. · tennis. swimming, fi'shlng, h~ntlng· and all worker s and their families. other sports and pastimes are· popular ·with all ages. Here is an example of co'-operation· In action. Llano del Several hundred acres ar~ ·now In alfalfa, whtch Is . exRio Colony Is an enter-prise unique In the history of com.pected to run six cuttings -1if ·heavy bay this season. There mu nity groups. are two producing ·o.rchards. and · about fifty-five acres of Some of the alms of the colony are_: To solve the problem young pear tr:ees.- Several hundred acres will be planted ln of unemployment by providing st~ady employment for the pears and apples next .Ye1;1r.' . wo~kers; to assure E<afety and comfort for the future and · for Six hundred and forty acres have been set aside for a . old age; to guarantee education for t He children In the best school under personal supervision, and to provide a social site for a city. 'The building department Is making bricks life amid surroundings bette r than can be found In the com- for the construction of hun!lreds of i}.on;tes. The city will be the only oile of its kind irl the world. It will be built petitive world. with the en(l of being beautlful and utilitarian. Some of these aims have been carried out during the There are 1000 ~;Dembership,s In colony and nearly 600 year since the colony began to work out the problems that confront pioneers. There are about 400 persons living at of them are subscribed for. 1t Is' believed that. the remainder the ne w town of Llano. There are now more than seventy Will be taken within the f!-eXt few months. pupils in the schools, and several hundreds are expected to be The broadest democracy prevails In the management. of enrolled before a year shall have passed. Plans are under the colony. There Is a · directorate of nine, electe.d by the way for a school building, which will cost several thousand stockholders, -and a community commission of nine, elected dollars. The bonds have been Yoted and the~:e Is nothing to by the General Assembly- all llersons over 18 voting. Absodelay the building. lute equality prevails In every respect. The ultimate popuSchools will open at the fall term with cla~ses ral).ging lation· of this colony will be between 5000 and 6000 persons. ftfOm the Montessori and kindergarten grades through the The colony is organized as a ·cocpor~Ltion under the lawB-ilitermediate which includes the first year in high school. of California. The capitalization Is $2,000,000.. One thousand · " This gives the pubils an opportunity to take advanced sub- members are provided for. Each shareholder agrees to subjects, Including languages In the colony sc~ools. scribe for 2000 shares of stock. · The colony owns a tine herd of about 100 head of Jersey Each pays cash ($750) for 750 shares. and Holstein dairy cattle and Is turning out a large amount Deferre~ payments on the remaining 1250 shares are ' made of dairy products. by deductin g one dollar per day (or more, If tne member There are about l 50 hogs in th~ pens, and among them a wishes to pay more rapidly) from the $4 wage of the colonist. large number of good brood sows. This department will be Out of the remaining ~3 a day, the colonist gets the nec.e sgiven special attention and· ranks high In importance. sitles and comforts of life. The colony ha~:~ about forty work horses, a large tractor, The balance remaining to the indlvtdual credit of the two trucks and a number or' automobiles. The poultry depa rtment has 100 egg-making birds, some of them blue- colonist may be drawn In cash out of the net proceeds of ribbon pr~e winners. About 2000 additional chicks were the enterprise. "added in May. This department, as all othe rs, is In ~ A per cent of the wages may be drawn . In cash. charge of an expert and It will ex),1and rapidly. · Continuous employment is pro.vlded, and vacations a F"" About 60,000 rainbow trout have been hatched in the col ony's fish hatchery, and It is intended to add several hundred ranged as may be desired by the colonist. thousand each year. Each member holds an equal number of shares of stock There are several hundred hares in the ·rabbitry and the as every other shareholder. manager of the department says the arrivals are 'In startling Each member receives the same wage- as every other· numbers. · member. There are about 11,000 grape cuttings In the ground and 'ln case anyone desires to leave the· colony his shares thousands of decidt:ous fruit and shade trees In the colony and accumulated fund may be sol!l at any time. nursery. This , department Is being steadily extended~ Are you. tired ·or the competitive world.? Th e community own's siveral hundred colonies of bees Do you want to get into a position where every hour's wh ich are producing honey. This department will be inwork will be for yourself and your famil y ? Do you ·want creased to several thousands. a ssurance of employment and proviRions for the future? Ask Among other industries the colony owns a steam laundry, for the hooklet entitled : ''The Gateway to Freedom ." Suba planing mill, a printing plant, a machine shop, a soil an - scribe for The Western Comrad!! {$1.00 per year), and keep . :dysis labor11tory, and a number of other productive plants JX>Sted on the progress of the colony. are contemplated, among them a cannery, a tanne ry, al). ice Address LLANO DE L RIO COMPANY, 924 Higgins buildplant, a shoe fa ctory, knitting and wejlvlng plan'!., a motion picture company and factory. if!g,' Los Angeles, California.,. the' �I I Is YoUr Job Safe? Hundreds are safeguarding themselv;·e s by joining the Llano del Rio Co-opetatiire.- Colony in the Antelope V ~lley, Los An·g eies··c ounty; Cali~ fornhi, where cl~mate ~nd surrtn;tndings are ideal for an agricultUral and indus~tial . ·~o~·m~nity This community is doing constructive and productive work in one of the most beautiful valleys in Southern California. The climate and surroundings are ideal. The Colony was founded and is conducted under the direct supervision of Job Harriman, who has been a leader in the Socialist movement in America for the past 25 years. The Colony is solving for its members and their families the serious problems a n d disemployment and insecurity for the future . He_Ie is an example of COOPERATION IN and rearing, and other agricultural an"d industrial pur.su.its . . Sogiallife is most delightful . If you ar e willing .to apply the principles of co-operation of which y ou have heard, t alked and read so much:, here is your opportunity. Co-operation is a practical \bing arid must be worked out in a · practical manner. By 'this ..:;· . method we CBin ac. c.e lerate the great world ~ovement toward the socialization of all the sources of human life. Do ·you want to solve your own vexatious problems and assist in this great enterprise?, We want Colonists and we want A ~ION. There were originally one thousand mem- representatives who can speak and write the berships. Six hundred of these ~ sold ·message of freedom. You can make good and the remainder are selling rapidly. Men from this hour if you will take hol'd and seand women of nearly every useful occupao cure members. You c~n make this organization are needed in the community. These tion work a permanent business. See the men are following the· !~test scientific meth- story of the Colony on page 15 of this magaods in farming, stock raising, dairying, poul- zine, take advantage of your opportunity production, bee keeping, trout hatching and write for particul3.!S. . try Llano del Rio Company 924 ·Higgins Building Los Angeles, .California � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1915-07 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-07 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n03_191507 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-23 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n03 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/05826e19e9751730602f29f92cd39111.pdf 9f24a04171c0c94d1732cd8ba40f26eb PDF Text Text ' ' Ten: Cents · &tories and Specials By Morgan Smith A. F. Gannon ( T.~titt w~ . Wiley H. Swift \,__Sarl D. · ompson Owen R. Lovejoy Mila T. Maynard Ruth Lee Stevens Thos. W. Williams A. W. Ricker G. E. Bolton Frank E. Wolfe MargUerite Head · Adelaide Maydwen Edmund Brumbaugh �1' 'ELK SKI BOOTS (lnd SHOES Factory operated in: connection with LLANO ·.DEL Rio CoLoNY Men's 10-inch poots.$6.00 Men 's 12-inch boof.s. 7.00 Men 's 15-inch boots . 8.00 Ladies' 10-inch boots 5.00 Ladies' 14-inch boots 5.50 Men's Elk shoes . . . . 4.00 Ladies' Elk shoes. . . 3.50 Infants ' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 .. .. . ... . ... 1.50 Child's Elk shoes, 5 to 8 .... . . . . . .. .. 1.75 Child's Elk shoes, 8'12 to 11. . . . . . . . . 2.25 Misses' and Youths, 11% to 2 . . . .. . .. . 2-50 Place stocking foot on paper, drawing pencil around ae per above 11 lustratio·n. Pass tape around at lines without drawing tight. Give size usually worn. IDEAL FOOTWEAR For Rancher$ and. "Outdoor Men The famous Clifford Elk~kin Shoes are lightest. and easiest for solid comfort and will outwear three pairs of ordinary shoes. We cover all lines from -ladies,' men's . and children's button · or lace · in light handsome patterns to the high boots for _mountain, hunting, · ranching or desert wear. Almost indestructible. Send in your orders by mail. Take • measurement according to instructions. Out Of town shoes made immediately on rec~ipt of order. Send P. 0 . order and state whether we shall forward by mail or express. SALES DEPARTMENT ·Llano del Rio Com.p.a ny . 922 Higgins Building, Los Angeles, Cal. �CONTE.NTS Current Review. By Frank E. Wolfe ....•......•..Page ;· 5 Child Labor In' the Min ea. By Thos. W. Wiiliams .'.Pag~. : ~ Need of Co-Operation. By Edward N. · Clopper .. :·.Page :).0 Need Children for Profits. By Wiley H. S,w ift ..... Page 11 The Lawa Are Ignored; By Owen R. Lovejoy .... .'Page 12 . ' Pharisees Rebuked. . ...... ............. ........... P~e 12 "Unto the Third.'' By A. F. Gannon .. .. .... .. . . .. Page 13 Children and Community Life. By Adelaiqe· MaydwelJ . , .... . . .................. ....... ·.. Page . 1~ ' Life with the Colony Children . . ...... ·...... .. .... Page 16 Filling the Dinner Pall. By A. W. Ricker .....· .... Page 21 '· The Dandy Funeral. By Morgan Smith . .. ........ :Page 22 Lawson- Labor- Liberty. By Edmund B. . Brumbaugh . . .............. .......... . .. ... . . Page 23 Keep Up the Spade .... . ......................... Page 23 Is It Practical? By Carl D. Thompson ...... . .... . Page .24 Mother Earth (poem); By Ruth Lee Stevens ...... Page 24 yJ. · S~ our Conscience, Clear. By MJia Tupper Maynanl . . . ..... . ........ ........ . ......... Page 25 The Fighter (p·o em). By Marguerite Head ...... .. Page 25 Hunter's New Book.. .. . . ... ....... . ........... . .. Page 2S CARTOONS Star Gazing ......... ... .'....... ... .. . . . ... .. Frontispiece. Woodr<.w Wilson, Taxidermist ... . .. .'.. . ......... . Page 6 The Star of Bethlehem (U. S. A.) . . ... ... .... ..... Page 7 The Party Waall . .... . .... . ... . . .. ...... . ........ Page 8 Brave Work! ........ . ..... . .. . . . . ...... . ..... ... Page 21 J " . The Path of Neutrality ...... . .. ... . . ........ ..... Page 28 I I I i + �The Western Comrade r STAR GAZING .. How His Future Look s �/ THE WESTERN COMRADE ---------------------------Polit ical Action VOL. III Devo~ to the Cauae of the Workers DINCt Action C~ · operatlon . LOS ANGE._,ES, CAL., JUNE, 1915 ' NUMBER 2 A Typical Louisiana Oyster Canner y F orce. The Girl in th e F oreground Is E ight Years Old a nd a Regular Worker. ""'- CURRENT REVIEW B y Frank E . Wolf e P 1·esiden t \\"il son has s un ·endered to the wat· I Fparty of Anwr iea, it seems extremely doubtful if B1·yan and th t• more sober of the 'Washington statesmen will he a hie to p r·event intervention in l\fexic't> and aet ion towa rd Ger many that will be tan t amount t o a d eclaration of war. Intervention me11ns war· wit h ::\[exieo. Bryan's withdrawal from the cabinet is r egarded by' the war part y as a tremendous victory. The gunmakers, the powder trust and all the forces that fatten on blood and carnage losing no opportunity to crowd tJ1eir propaganda . of war at any p r ice. \\' ilson 's notr to Germany fell helow the hopes of the jingoes, but it ca r ries with it the implied thrr at of fo rce that Bryan declined to support. Wit h this foundation laid, all that is needed to precipita t e war wil l be a se ri e~ of incidents, the exc-h an ge of " notes," the sinkipg of another ship, the 'lt>VPring of diplomatic relations and the uproar of the da ily press- t hen the heginning of t he cataclysm. a t' l' �6 T h e W e s t e r n C o m r a d ·e in Mexico looms as a greater I NTERVENTION danger to peace on this continent than since the revolution begun. Never ·was a more insidious plot floated than the Red Cross appeal for funds to ''relieve suffering in the sister republic~." The sudden cry of hunger in Mexico (City) touches the human heart. Vide any newspaper. "food sent to starving Mexicans shipped abroad and sold!" screams the h~adlines. Can the Ameri<i;ln· public be stupid enough to fail fo see through this move on the part of capitalists who are for intervention T Will the Hearsts and .Otises, the landgrabbers, the oil barons, and the mining kings succeed, after several years' effort, in stampeding the American people 1 'rhe statement from Washington that 150,000 armed men were starving 15,000,000 non-combattants is utterly absurd. If there is anybody starving in Mexico it is the dealers and traders in the cities who have never prorluccd anything or performed any useful service. The land is as rich and productive as ever and all the land that can be freed from the grasp of the exploiters is under cultivation. There is no time in history when the Americans have heen so !:lOrry a figure in th e affairs of nations. The United States, with mil1ions of disemployed and hungry workers, with 15,000,000 humans subsisting below the living line, with its hourly suicides, deaths from starvation, murders (legal ana human ) and its saturnalia of graft and corruption, will now go forth to fon'e its particular brand of morality on a nation that, let alone, will shame us in a generation. Jntcr·vention at this hour means war with a united .M rxieo. A prolonged, cruel war of invasion for conquest . .A war which will make stan·ation as great a r rality in Mexico as it is in· the United Statrs. W e may have t o face, before the end, a United South America. Then we will have the spectacle of an immoral, vicious nation trying to fGrce its eth ics on an un!noral and happy people. If thos<> who are short-sightedly seeking more profits at the bayonrt point could but realize that this war of conquest will mean that Latin-America will close )ts doors to Amrric11n commerce it might give capitalism p'iluse. It ~ired no prophet to see the pos- sibility of war with A. B. C. powers and it may run down farther into the alphabet: Military experts have said it would. require an army of 200,000 to subdue (ensla.~e ) Mexico. It will.cost tens of thousands of lives. It·.win require years to accomplish. Fighting on 'their own groimds, armed, equipped aNl ~M~o~P-'l ,·ptrrllns far outnumbering the callow - Sydney Bulletin WOODROW WILSON, TAXIDERMIST "Have I got to turn this durned bird into a war eagle?'' clerks and school boys that make up a volunteer American army, we shall su!fer a terrible loss o~ life. When our marines landed at Vera Cruz the indignation in South America was great. Mili-tarism prays hourly for a war that will make 350,000 American workers into potential murderers. President Wilson has held his head through �7 The Western Comrade many trying situations, but the newspapers would make us believe he is about to lose it. Mexico is plagued with landlordism, clericalism tind militarism. Now, American capitalism seeks to fo rce the discomfiture of the nation- and to enslave n raer. Jntrrv rntion means a prolonged, disash·ous war. + + Germany long ago complained that the Ru sian were using Ameriean shells. All belligerent coun. trie seem to be well ·upplied with these .shells. The infidel Turks: are using Christian shrapnel and + " C EHT.AJNLY not, we can 't discontinue our eommerc:e with nati9ns, peaceful and warring. That .would be against precedent and tradition." This was the frank and sincere d eciaration of a ·· prorniru·nt hu~rness man '; of the type so worshipped hy th e daily press. H is personal name is of no imJHH'tan eC'. 1n numbers he is legion. He cogently 1·oir·ed the s(•ntimPnt of America. \Vhy should w e ~top making powder and shrapnel for export and allow other nations to get the profits ? Why should W(' • Now, honestly, isn 't it sheer hypocrisy to say 11·t· care about the lives of men out ther e in the trl' nehcs? What do we care for the lives of Amerit·ans in the tl'Cmches in the daily war. Should the lh•thlehcm gun works r efuse to sell them to the killl't's of Colorado? S hould we of Los Angeles who buy sawed-ofT shotguns to shoot men, women and t· h.ildren in our streets, g.row indignant about the sa Ic of similar or l es~ certain g uns to shoot men, women and c hildren in Belgium ? Not unless we are a nation of hypoc'rites-and we are. W ..:- + + + E arP a n eutral na tion. This is easily proved. Sill(·<' t hr war hegan England has placed orders with tl~t• Beth lehem Strel Company of Pe~n­ sy lnmi a fo r· over $ 100,000,000 worth of Hrms and ammuni tion. T his (·ompany is uow farming out a p<tr·t 0f its eont•·arts to the Allis Chalmers Company of \\'isconsin \\·her·c shrapnel sh ells are being partly tinishC'd and J'Pllli'IWd t o Bethlehem. 1 F!·om Amrri<·a . Eng-land is getting shells that arf• the mo ..t cl<':Hily tl1at ha1·<· yet lwen deYised. British g>llllTH'rs fin• sli<'lls into the German tr·enches and sonw of thp-;p are reported to have such power that thl'~· kill t' \'<'r.dhing- t!rat hrcllthes within a radius of 100 y:uds. Thr G<•rmans retaliate h,v fir·ing a simibr· slwll at th l' Enf!lish-:md both sh<•lls are made in .\ mt•ri<·;L - K!Rddemdntoch THE STAR OF BETHL'Sl'IEM (U. S. A. ) "And when they saw the s tar, they went Into the house a nd r ece>ived guns, aircraft, and bombs In great number. And the ) gave cr their treasure gold 11.nd great profitR to the promised land." -;rnokPit·ss powd<'t' a4'ai nt>t the dogs of unbelievers on tlw in 1·adiw.r ships~ Chril:!tian gunners on allied dn·aduau!!hts an· killing rnosl,~ ms by the hundreds in the for·ts 011 tllP Dar·daHelles- using Amer·ican pro.i<•<·tiles. :\lexitl111s hal'l• ]J('en l<illi11g each other for· years and t h<•y !Ia "'' 'w••n totally d<•peudent upon Auwri<·?.n t.runs l1nd amuluHitiou. Now we ar<• !.iellding �8 The Western Comrad·e food and cross red nurses into Mexico to demonstrate our neutrality there. Owing to our neutrality we sold high-power, long-distancl' guns to Philippino pagans who promptly, and at safe distance, lrilled "our troops" who were armed with the archaic Springfields and hlack powder that made them splendi_d targets. We· are neutral , <>O long as ~·e get the-prqfits. The action was really ba ed on the loo e u of the !vords ' corruption" and "corrupt " when the former presitlent mentioned Iii" former . coun llor guide mentor ~d hiend. Then Barne ued Roo evelt for 50,000. . At the tri~ each· said som~ horrible things about .. . + + + note some of our ed ito rial C'bmrades at·c W Eastonished at the · made at a re~elations li<':tr·inl! h ~> f'or· p tlw United States Commission on ludustri:tl HPi at ious <~t• Was'hin gto n where an agent or the Boy S<·Ollt JllO\'(' lll Cilt testified. Unhesitating-ly nml unhlushingl_v this man d rclared that .John D. Ho<·kPf'l'lll'r, Andt'P\\" Car·negic (of Ludlow and 1 forn<·s1Pacl l , and other plntocr·ats were heavy con1rihutors to the fund for th e youth-destroying institution. Th P Roy Se<.nt moYemcnt is a hoy murder movemPnt . In Ameri ca it was sprrwned by the Powder trust, hut it is t he lcgitimatP offspring of militarism that has mad e shamhl<·s or thP firl~ls of Europe. -t• •1- + ill S nnnrlH.: r· of' th<· \\'ESTEHN COMRADE is devoted to pidurps and stories about children. It furnishes a eontrast that is more startling than a rasual f!lancr would inrlieatr. The pictures and ~tOJ·ies of littl e ones in sweatshops, factories and mines clearly depict the dark side of child life in America. The views of the community children at J,]ano and l\'fiss Maydwell 's delightful article on the co-operative colony furnishes a ray of hope for the . .future. T +· + + the wodd had not been busy with matters of I Fgreater import, thr Barnes-R{)osevelt backyard clotheslinl.' quarrel would hHe reached and held the honor(\d position of p. 1-col. 7. The best it did was to break in on page one, somewhere in the middle, usually on the fold. hidden under the big red line about some really important c_apture oJ 200 yards of trenches betwel'n Arras and Labasse. The result, it.is believed, was that !\fr. lloosevelt won the suit. - New York World THE PAHTY WKSH Vindicating their "personal honor." the other and both proved their statements by docu- . ments and witnesses. It wasn 't what was said, it .was the old Rooseveltian way of saying ''Ice is cold! Water is wet I Fire i<> hot!' ' with a show of teeth and fierceness that has always astounded the rubes and boobs, that aroused the wrath of Barnes. Mr. Barnes sued to vindicate his personal honor-he lost. Mr. Roosevelt defended his personal honor-read the evidence. �The Western Comrade Down In a Pennsylvania Coal Mine, Tending a Trap Door In DampneRs S:rid Solitude. . Child Labor tn the Mines ' By THOMAS W. WILLIAMS Al'HER diPd when l was l 1. There were four children. I was the only boy. We had no resources. · Rome good, philanthropic, Christian p eople took ari interest in the family. As a result I secured a "job" as "trapper'· in a coal mine. I had a mania for books, an inborn desire to know. The school principal pleaded that I be permitted to pursue my studies, but_ all to no purpose. What need would 1; the only son of a widowed mother, have for learning, anyway? My place was with the proletariat. Mother and I were to be congratulated in securing such windfall. The experience of those first days alone at my door, the "gob" literally alive with ra-ts, the constant falling of loose pieces of -rock and slate,. the a inky darkness and the impenetrable gloom, only occasionally broken when a drive·r passed with a chain of cars- all this is indelibly stamped on brain and heart. To add to my fears, older boys and men took especial delight in telling all s.orts of weird, uncanny stories of impending harm. It was a veritab'le hell, _and even now is an awful nightmare. I received the munifice11t sum of 60 cents a day, for ten hours' work-$3.60 a week-and -rurnished my own oil out of that. During those first years I saw rlozens of men who were crushed out of all human semblance; men and boys maimed and crippled. At one time the miners in one-half of the workings-were prostrated by black damp, and only through heroic effort were rescued �' ·'/ii e W es t er n Com r a d e "De drunks is me best· cnstomers.'; · spor.a.dic charity T Shall we tell these youngsters to "get their heart right" and "make their p~ace with God," because He in His inscrutable wisdom has so ordained T Well, hardly. · Let us educate and organize the workers ·to revolt, to refuse to passively submit. So long as the means of life· remain in the hands of the few, so long will the ·many suffer and toil · and die. Child labo( is a . national calamity. It not only leaves its effect ppQn· the child, but undermines the race'. .w ~ must ~ke the mines, the' mills, the factories and all the institutions of labor the property of all the peoplE!,, and thereby remove the incentive for the stlbstituhon of the child for the man in the field of industry. at all. At UliOth(•r 1irnP t1'1e wliOlP mouth of the mine ca \·cd in and W(! wt•rc rcscu<>d aftPr many hours, our cg1·ess being throngh a small aperture 'improvised through loose dirt a distancp of forty feet. It is an utte1· waste of time and money to .send preachers to eollegP to enable them to impress the people with the existence of hell. I know there is a hpll. I have been there. Tens of thousands of boys are there now, and it is in the interests of these poor unfortunates that I pen these lines. By heroic effort and indomitable will I have been able to lift myself from these damning environments, but the lessons learned in those early years have been of invaluable service. 'l'hc clas·s struggle with ·an its ~mcsomeness and horror was brought home to me in (•learer terms than could be portrayccl by pen or tongue. 'l'he study of chi ld slavery is fascinating to theorists, alluring to the economists and a diversion to the idealists, hut to me it is all that the term implies. And what is the remedy 1 Maudlin sympathy and A Fourteen-Year-Old Lass W'ho Has Worked Three ' Years In a T~xas Cotton Mill Need of Co-Operation By EDWARD N. every state in the Union has on its statute N EARJ.N bool{s today a m.a.:;s of legislation for the welfare of children. Some of it is archaic; some is ext~eme; and not a little is contradictory al\,d unenforcab'le. Fundamentally the difficulty lies in that old and vita( defect of lnck of vision, lack of · the power of co-or~ination. 'l'he relationship between ·the various brnncl\es j~f child welfare )s remarl,ably intimate but quite oftc~ escapes observation and still oftener escapes realization llrvhe very workers themselves. . In their enlthn!'liRsm for improving conditions they --- CLOPPER forget such elementary prii;Jciples as, for instance, that the periods for compulsory attendance at scho~l, for prohibition of child labor and for public relief for chil-· dren from want must be the same, and if one is extended, the othet· must be changed to correspond. 'l'his ;)pplies to other hranches of child welfare work with equal force and shows that co-operation is essential to effective refo1·m. Because of the absence of this essential our laws are in confusion and our work is seriously hampered . .,. Co-operation in this fiPlcl r·an best be promoted �The Western Comrade through the medium of a general children's charter. At the National Conference in Memp~ in 1914 the compilation of such a charter was urged to embody all 11 the recognizable principles of child-car~g, which could be used as a guide by the several states and individuals generally. · Need Children for Profits. B y WIL E Y H. SWIFT I consider what remains to .be done for W HEN the protection of the childern in North and South Carolina I am forced to conclude that up to the present we have not progressed very far. North and South Carolina have a larger per cent of child workers in t~1e manufacturing industry than any other state in the country. If the persons engaged in these industries should march by, every J)inth person would be a child under 16. These children lejive school forever at 12often younger in North Carolina, where there is practically no enforcement-to work 11 hours .a day in our factories. The opportunity for education is closed to them forever. Public opinion grows slowly and law halts behind public opinion. The prople of these states as a whole deplore the conditions under which children are work- ing, and yet it i.~ my firm belief th{lt neither North Carolina ·nor South Qar"olina, if left to herself, will enact any rtlal child iabor legislation within the next eight years. The cotton manufactural's as a class are actively opposed to. all such legislation. · They have dictated, ·can dictate and will dictate what our laws regulating the employment of children shall be. Every one of our four best · governors lias declared for legis• lation on this subject,· but when the bill comes up the legislative halls arc crowded with child emplojllrs, and they win. y 0~1. net!d not be surprised that our Senator Overman blocked the Palmer-Owen bill. He knew that his rc-rlection depended upon it. The Commissioner of Labor is now. making an . effort to enforce the law in North Carolina, and I look for him to be enjoined from further activity in this direction or to be Even a Child 'of Five Is Not Too Yqung t o Help In This New York Tenement. ' ,.. �12 The Western Comrade defeated at the next election. · He is-playing with fire. One difficulty is the fact that the mi~ of the South are new and have brought prosperity for which, unfortunately, people are often willing to pay any price. Men who build cotton inills believe that no mill can be successfully operated without children under 14, and they are certain no mill can .be run if an · eighthour day for children under 16 prevails. There is only · one way to get these children out of our mills and that is for the National Government to do it. · .•. . The Laws Are lgno:r ed By OWEN R. LOVEJOY T Il.E up-to-date manufacturer wants efficient, responsible, well:trained workers-he does not want childr·Pn at his machines. So we see a manufacturers' bill pass<•<1 in ~fichigan raising the age li~it frorri 14 to l G; Wl' sPc large employers en·doro;;ing the proposal of the Illinois Child Labor (!ommittee to forbid all employmrnt of ehildrPn under 1iJ during school liours; we sec Pennsylvania limiting t!H~ working day of her 14 and l G year old children to less than 48 hours a week in order that they shall contir.uc their education at a part-time day school (and in cidentally, at last, eliminating them from hH glass fad or irs at night). Ev'en backward Alabama has fixed a date after which no chi ldren UJH.lcr 14 shall he employrd in her cotton mills. These are big advances, hut they merely establish standards which enlightened people- employers am.! public-recognize as reasonable 11nd necessary. 'rhe majority upholds them and yet there are other states in which similar measures haYc this year been defeated, hcrause the reactionary mi110rity,. llt:tive and aggressive, has hlockPd the way to progr1~ss. In fact the forces ·-of· reaction have never heen .so alert and wellorganized as they are today . . Possihly because they feel the g't·ound slip-ping from under them, and well they may. The ehild labor hills defeated t)lis year in Vl est Virginia, 'I'cxas and ·the Carolinas are just so many new. arguments for a federal law. Their chil! dren are our children and must he protected. We must extend to their factories and mills and canneries-to all establishments in the ~ountry that engage in interstate commerce, the standar.ds of ages and hours embodied in the laws of· a majority of the states.· Reaction will continue. to use all the political power it possesses that it may. retain the privilege of legally employing children· of l 2 or l 3-and violating without interference even that age limit rour agent found 84 violations in ~6 North Carolina mills in 1~ days); reaction wants boys on the I)ight shift; it will fight any proposal to shorten an 11-h6ur. day. If all right-minded oiti1.ens would help, we should adopt a federal law and clear the way for constructive action. Pharisees Rebuked was self-righteousness, self-complacency N EVER and smuggery more quickly and sharply rebuked mentioning (?rt. Jw continued Jo mention it and to apologize fo')- it) and that the saluhrious climate of than at the first day's session of the Eleventh Annual this glorious state made it a joy for children to work; Conference on Child Lahor, which took place at the ;mel besides they didn't have to wo~ in California. concourse at the San Francisco Exposition. The faces of the men and '\Yomen, who sat on che The govcmor, the mayor and president of the ex: platform behind this P-aleozoic apostle of what used to position were on the program and each sent a repre- be, was. a study. Dr. Felix Adler followed and with . sentative. The mayor 's secretary made a good speech, ~~ voice as soft as the cooing of a dove, told of the but said nothing. The exposition man give a good ex- dangers of the crime of self-complacency and excess hibition of stereotyped phrases and self-laudation. The satisfaction . over nchievetnent.· The exposition governor's rcpresentat\ve was a politician-with ap- "booster" (vile word) squirmed uneasily, though he pearance and manners of the vintage 1873- who read but dimly understood, and the politician turned a deep a "paper" which reeked with sop'his tries (polite word crimson. for li e~) about the perfectly splendid laws governing Dr. Adler di<>misscd the boasts of the two speakers child labor in California. His paper said .Californil! and made no direct rrference, but he let it be known took excellent care of its child workers; that Cali- he had no confidence in their statements or patience fornia had no child workers'; that worldng in the can- with Phl'isees of their type. 'l'hcn Paul Scharrenberg neries was good for the childt·en, and that selling news- spoke on "Organized l.Jahor 's Brief Against Child paprrs on the streets of thr eitiPs matH~ the ·children l;abor." He exprr<><>ed hio;; amazement at the lame better citizens; that thrrP was no child labor wortlr 11pology and spec iom; rlenial of California's disgrace. �Tke . Western Comrade He went after those responsible for the unprotected children in California's canneries ape! on the city streets. After tearing the mask of · hypocrisy off the faces of the political pretenders, the speaker delllared "No dividends-no pr6fits can compensate for these wrongs.'' Mrs. Florence Kelley of New York showed the close parallei of the claims of those who perpetuate child slavery in every state. In some states it .is the cotton industry, and in California it was the canneries; and everywhere the exploiters claimed it didn't hurt the children-it was good for them. Hard labor is just what young children need. "1 nto every state we go these, people say that their particu Jar industry does not hurt the children. This 13 holds in California-as we see here today with childern worked in your canneries-the. same as it holds . in Texas, where youn·g children are worked in the cotton. fields side by side with convicts wearing the ball and chain.'' Mrs. ' Kelley told of the horrors of those camps and one might have tJ10ug~t she was referring t'o the hoppicking camps of' California. She declared none of us can ·say f 'My hands .are clean so long a child labor exists·. ~ywherff . in ' America.'' · Edwin Markham read selections from "Children in Bondage~.· and broRght the cannery child' vividly before his hearers. All the speakers agreed that a federal · law 1s necessary and all sho~.ed keen zest in puncturing the pharisaical p:reaehment of plutocracy 's protecton. ,·,unto the Thir.ct?.' By A. F. GANNON A~BY reached the foo( of the ladder of Gasby had an_enviable r eputation for her succulently success at 35 with "a pig and a peck of superior preparation of the plebian viand, baked pork beans. " This is not my figure of speech; and beans. With hosewifely guile, precept to ttle conit's Gasby's own-often uttered, in a trary ·notwithstanding, here was a woman who kept properly deprecatory fash ion, when a secret. While tlie world .had not as yet made a Gasby was mellowed- by ra.re, vintage in beaten path to her door, requests came from.. other the presence of his peers about the ban- communities for crockfrils ·of_ her special product. The quet hoanl. Nometimes it was snarled shiftless Gasby, not b~ing a generous provider, · was by him, in a towering passion, to squelch office-:tt- content to do odd jobs-and deliver his wife's baked tachee or factoryhand who had the temerity to enter beans. his presence with a plea for more generous remuneraNE fateful day a commercial trav(:)ler domiciled tion. Like many other sayings of gr eat men, it was -at the single local caravansary asked the goddess not exactly true. Gasby' possessed, in addition to tne who presided over the fly-specked dining tables foJ; a porker and the peck of legumes, at the a·ge mentioned, scrvi:> g Qf Gasby's beans, the v.irtues of which he had a homey wife and a curly headed kiddie of 5. However , if these were purposely omitted by Gasby in heard of a't a neighboring town. None was at hand. coinin g the pithy, alliterative epitome of his dearth Mine host, scenting profit and reputation for himself of earthly accumulations at the pivotal point of his · and hostelry, sent JlOSt-haste for~ large portion, pipcareer, they shall achieve a· measure of justice, if some- ing hot from the Gasby oven. The drummer was dewhat belated, at th e hand of the present chronicler. lighted. Questions followed. Where could he see this If one who knew had dared to m.ention this discrepancy man Gasby? The Gasby home was pointed out, a to Gasby in his phenomenally successful years Gasby block down the straggling country street. Thither went..the knight of the grip with a good cigar between would, no 1doubt, have witheringly r eplied: "Hell, yes! I also forgot to add a pair of cowhide his teeth and coutent~ent in his ·heart-or, should one . say, stomach? After the manner of his kind, Gasby boots and a hickory pants with one gallus!" And there the matter would rest fo rever and two sat on an upturned box, in a shady spot near the · d~y~orGasby, lil{e Bimi, had "too much' ego in his kitchen door, whittling. The stranger presented Gasby a cigar that was cosm ' . to admit that anybody on earth had ever a revelation to the latter, once he had it "goin'." contrib d an .i ota to Gas by's success, save Gasby. Pretty bot a round an oven these days, eh?'' Rut to my t ardy errantry of rescuing the lady and the '' Recon 'tis,'' noncommittally opined Gasby. laddie from the t oils of oolivion. Mrs. Gashy, peering through a chink in the little Tn the little coun try town which Gasby early hon• ored with his somewhat unproductive ' presence (and, cm·taincd kitchen window, KNEW that it was. Half an hour later the caller departed, leaving a long a ftr1·ward, a massive, imposing library) , . Mrs. .. 0 I, �I 14 The Western Comrade brace of cigars in his wake. Gasby arose and entered the house. There was the light of conquest in his eyes as he almost shouted: ~ "Tillie, we're goin' into business--thf!,t. feller an' us ! We're goin' . over t' S - an' start a-cannin' beans,'' he ended, triumph~ntly. "No we aint, Cyrus," Tillie readily responded. "I hettrd his schemin'; were goin' t' work hard an' save till we get 'nough t' start a place o.! our own. My mind's made up!" Gasby's face lengthened as he parried: "But Teddie, he's got t' be edicated." "Never mi:rid," consolingly replied his .sweaty helpmeet. "That man aint goiR' to' get nothin' out o' my labor: you're welcome, out he aint,,, 'with finality. A ' l•'TI•;H a desultor correspondence the promoter ga vt• it up, sensing a far stronger will than Gushy's. His suggestion that local newspaper advertising would largely increase sales was adopted, an4 in the course of a year we find Oasby at the head of a fast growing cannery in the city of S -- . As the volume of their trade grew othrr edibles, including shellfish from a nearby coast town, were entered in their list. For a few years Gasby always deferred and referred to his wife's sagacity. Then came flattering offers and inspiring suggestions from the advertising managers of various magazines of national scope. Tillie lost her fast diminishing grip on the business. Chefs were installed who gradually undermined the personal touch of her supervision. The ~ame Gasby on food products had become a household word-built upon the rock of Tillie's capability. Dishwater could sell if it were labeled "Gasby 's Soups." Teddie was now at boarding school. Tillie was inveigled into the automobile and social rut. Her heart was in the facto'ries and Teddie's future, rather than the . round of functions where her prosperity gave entrance and her naivete half-concealed amusement. Gasby, hot on the scent" of the illusive dollar, had acquired farms from whence came vegetables for his factorles, clam and oyster bed.s for his bivalves, and his. importations of spices and condiments from foreign lands were large. 'feddie, back from Yale and- a whid abroad, took charge of the publicity end of the business. His ad~ vertising caught the public eye, and his catchphrase, "There's no gas to Gasby's!" was incorporated (at so niuch per) in the sGngs and sayings of the variety stage. Surfeited with the supposed "'ood things of life, Tillie died, but not before she had paired off Teddie with one of the reigning society belles, a late in life_ ambition realized. Appalled and brought ·halfway to his senses by the sildden loss of his comforter and guide, oid Gasby stumbled aimlessly about in a business and social way for .many long, lonesome months. Had not the momentum of money, with the guiding hand of his ~on, precluded failure during the year of Gasby's readjustment to life without Tillie, such would ·· have been P,is ·portion. The.. birth of .his grand~hild, Gladys, brought him from. his semi-stupo~ and : back into the. harness again with mutth of .ilis old vigor. was · the middle name of E FFICIENCY farms, factories and fisheries. While he had sacG~by's rificed nothing to hygiene or equipment where scie~ce . or inven.t ion. pointed, the way, the human factor of production went without champion. Wages only existed to be unceremoniously lopped off when new automatics were installed. 'In ~usiness aeumen Gasby was three laps always ·ahead of his keenest competitors (for he had many by this time ), but mutterings of discontent among his employees were met by him with about as much concern as were the first whispered dissents of the villeins and serfs. Gasby was no Alexander TI. In point of fact, Gasby considered himself a Napoleon in his particular field. James 0 'Hare, · better known among the E NTER thousands of Gasby's ''hands'' as Jimmie. James had read Karl Marx, a German. ~ashy never had read t;he immortal Dutchman; Teddie, now known as Theodore, had. Gasby senior took to swearing; Gasby junior took to sophistry. Both Gasbys we're inefl'ective. The strike came on. Gaiby lost money-oodles. The strikers lost the stri.k e-and many of them lost divers meals in the interm. GasbY'-Jost no meals, at least through any other cause than Indigestion. Jimmie lost his job, and he and hi's good wife, Bridget, their partlypaid-for home and, irreparable loss, little Micky, _aged 5, for want of medical treatment during a neighbQrhood diphtheria scourge. Jjmmie was for finishing Gasby. Bridget said: · 'JJ'aye 'im t' God!" Jimmie silently and fervently consigned him· to the de'vil, and, though he would have liked to expedite. matters, kept his hands off. Enter the villain, or villains. Gladys, aged 5, was to have a birthday fete ·o n the Gasby lawn-not a party, mind you, but a fete. Among the many delicacies prepared to please the palates of blase childhood on the occasion was a sort (Continued on Page 27) �The Western Comrade 16 Llano Live Wire Dramatic Club In Costumes for Production of "The Deestrlck Skule." Children and Community Life By ADE LAIDE MAYDWELL S I NCE :\lay 1, 1914, more· than 100 eliildren have gone into the Antelope Valley, Califo rnia, to live. The change of scenes and of environment has meant to th em a diversion jn the trend of events that will leave its impress on them through life. Community life at Llano del Rio already has started these children into a new line of thought. The commuaity spirit grows upon them with rapidity. The .knowledge that all public property is owned by the cellectivity makes a change in them the same as it does in their parents. :M any of these children came from the cities and had never known the joys of life in the country. Life at the Llano community is for children something more than lhing in thr country. It is lire in the big open with the great distances, the mountains, the plains, the wooded canyons, the forests, lakes and streams, and the great va riations that are wrought in t4e seasons. • It is true children quickly take these things as a matter of cour·sc from the manellous breaking of the dawn, the sun rising over the distant buhes, the mirages with. their miraculous changes woven with warp of purple sky and woof of shadowy clouds to the sunset over th e hazy-blue mountains far away .toward the sea. It is not that th ey fa il to see and un consc iou~ly ap- preciatc these things. A girl of 12, one afternoon, sat gazing dr·camily at the Lovejoys, far down below in the broad valley. " I could look at them for hours," she said, simply. "'fhc shadows change every minute and the colors arc so wonderful. I don't want to go there when the oth ers go. I want them forever to be !l mystery.''_ This is the ''stuff of dreams'' of the poets. The child is wise enough to avoid disillu~nment, and she will not go behind th e seenes and find . tawdry tinsel and prunella. 'l'ht• r,ovejoys will ever r emain her land of mystery. For her there are cities and seas and mountains and marvellously wrought castles and ships. For the children of Llano there is little restraint. Out of school hours they have the minor tasks incident to the housohold ·d uties, · but life is mostly free- . dom and joy. A .common sc{'ne is a dozen young boys, usually with old er leaders, blankets and packs across their · shoulders, off for a two dnys' hike in the mountain canyons, wh <·r·<· th(·y make c·nmp beside the streams and live in thrir· own way, unrestrained. Those boys ha vr nn opopl't unity that rarely or never falls to th e Jot of town hoys or country lads in a seattcr·p<J or· isolated d istri(·t . Tirey r ide, hunt, tis~ I �The WesteTn Comrade J6 A Hiking Party at Llano. "Photograph this pie, it wilt soon disappear forever.." Pictures by Children Lead a Life of Joy and • Where a Part of Education 1s to Wading and Swimming ls a Source of Continuous Delight to the Youngsters of Llano Colony. �The We.s{ern Comrade "Hi tellers! come on (shivers) the w-w-wate r's fine ." · (Temperature about 55°. ) at the Llano del Rio c ·o mmunity Give Happiness Full Expression Posing for '!'heir Photos Is One of the Easiest Things Llano Community Children Do. I �11 The Wester n Com rade · swim, play baseball, basl!:etball, tennis and other games that the more favored class of youth of the cities never enjoy. They have countf"' life an d city opportunity for education and amusement. The girls have equal opportunity for freedom a1;1d enjoynient of life. "Everywhere I look, out of a window or door, here, I see a gr·oup of barefoot children wading in water and it" is the most delightful thing about_the place," said a woman visiting at the colony. The differenee between the life of these children and that of the hundreds of thousands of children in tht• mines, mills, faetories, canneries and establishments for exploitation of the little ones, is the most striking to those who have haq an insight into the curse of child labor. Next fall the colony will have the first of its new sehool houst•s and there will 'be vocational departmen',s t·stahlished. T-he schools will then range from the 1\1 ontessori gradP to thl' second yeat· in high school. 'l'ht> eommunity will hav e the second Montessori school in ('alifornia. l'rudc·nec Stokes Brown, widely known us writt•r·, SJWakt·r and Pducator, will have charge of this new school. She has had wide experience in the work and has a thorough lmowledge of the Frobellian systl'm. If<'t' intlurnc<' on tlw children of the Llano community will begin before their birth and will take tlwm through thl'ir earli!·r ehildhood and up to the time shl' turns th r m O\'l'l' to her assistants in the regular srhoo lroom. Comrade Brown is now taking a course undrr the personal direction of 'Dr. :Montessori, and thr (·olonists deem it an exceptional opportunity to tart thPir. ehildt·cn undct· the wonderful system establishl'tl hy the hc!ovrd "Dotoressa," whom the Italian l'hildt·pn itlolizP. '' You will brreu a new race up 'here-or you \ should,'' said a woman who has made a deep study of · child life. "You have the opportunity, and I belien the parents will see the possibilities. The first thing I would do would be to teach the mothers how to dress Gentry P. McCorkle as the Pied Piper of Llano. thr children-or rather how to undress them, for they all wrar too much clothing. The clothing of these youngsters could br simplified, and made more brief and beautiful.'' The children seem to agree with . this idea, for they wear the least possible when the opportunity comes. 'l'he appearance of the landscape at Llano shows a distinct change each month. The cleared fields and growing crops that replace the greesewood and chaparral makes an inspiring sight. With the purchase of the 'l'ighlman and the Elfiii.Je ranches the, colony gets possess1on of a thousand additional acres of land, undisputed posession of the Big Rock dam site, the tunnel , about ':ffiO additional acres of producing alfalfa fields, a large orchard with a heavy crop of fru it, range cattle and other live stock, and water rights worth a great de.al to the community. Nearly the entire acreage has been cleared on the Goodwin ranch. 'l'he garden and .alfalfa on that place is in suprrb condition. The Dawson place, 160 acres, is all cleared and planted . This is one of the finest pieces of land in thr colony. The apricots in se,·eral orchards are ripe and they :lre bring canned anri takl'n care of hy the women of the colony. Mueh of thr frnit will he put up in syrup, made of Llano honry. Four g'ronp'l of 100 <"Oloni!'s of hres have heen addPd to thr rolony apiary. This rlrpartmrnt is under thr dirrrtion of R. r.. Hnrdirk. Onr of the apiaries �The Western Comrade will be used for the production of Italian q-ueens. P. A. Knobbs has a score of men w~g with him in the garden. The vegetables are growing rapidly, and there are 80 acres in one garden, without a weed, or an uncultivated inch of ground. There will be about 120 acres in the garden. Comrade Knobbs bas one 17 -acre piece in potatoes from which he expects to get 4000 sacks of potatoes. These potatoes will be dug early in July and the ground will again be planted. There are 80 "regulars" taking their meals at the Cluhhnuse dining-room. Saturdays and Sundays about 120 persons are served at each meal. Rapid progress is being made in the construction of the sunbakrd day brick houses. These houses are painted with a heavy coat of asphaltum and then whitewashPd. They make a neat appearance, are cool and airy in the summer, and wilf be dry and warm in the winter. Thi~ r·onstruction is a remarkable achievenwnt for Comrade C. 11. Srntt, who will soot1 be complf'tin~r tlw houses at the J'at e of one a day. The cash outllly for eac·h hou se, rompletl• and r('ady for .ocr·upanr·y , is a('t ually ]('ss than the cost of a tent of the ~ame sizP, laid down at th e eolony. Th ese houses ~rre !'Onsidl'rrcl tempoJ·ary . hut they arc so substantially huilt that th('y would last many years. A new pug mill. or po\\'Pr mix r r, has just heen completed for the hrirk yard. The new limf'kiln has been put into operation. Mrmhrrs who have moved into the colony dnr- 1 dren, Fresno; Louis Ernst, Los Angeles; Oliver Lutan, San Pedro ; Albert Cook, formerl!y a member of the Ruskin colony. · Mr. Cook made the trip frQlll .l\}aska to inve ti- "Choosing Up" for a Basebali Game. gate-he stayed and took out a membership in the Llano colony. D. W. Rooke of Los Angeles has been making ar. rangements to bring his family to Llano to live. Among the prominent visitors were J. Stitt Wilson, Mrs. Wilson, their son Gladstone and daughter Violet. The colonists were given a Jtmsical treat Tuesday evening when Gladstone Wilson, by special request, .gave some selections on the pi~o . Another well known visitor in Llano recently was W. J. Yarrow of Dudley, Kern County, geologist and lecturer. Mr. Yarrow gave an extremrly interCRting forty-minute talk Sunday evrning. Alterations are being made in the library to make it larger and more shelves are being put up to accommodate the 250 new books which have come in. This makes nearly 1000 books in the Llano library. Two consignments of hooks recently received have been the second shipm<>nt from Comrade Adolf Lofton of Low Gap, W aRb .. and from Dr. A. J. Stevens of TJos An~eles. The eoloniRts have extended their thanks to these two eomrades. Fruit season has opened. Many women and chiling the past two weeks to make thei:- homes are a dren are l•usily f> Ngaged pi cking apricots. The garfollows: 1\fr. and 1\[rs. E . D. Brown a.llld five children, Ker- den is supplying wgetahles. Another two.ton-to-theman, Cal. ; ~fr. and Mrs. William L. Ward , thr('<e chil- aere alfalfa rrop is being cut . �The Wester Co rade Our· ·I"' Unctious Hookworm By G. E. BOLTON N ow we know what causes poverty . and, armed with this knowledge, humanity has but to go about it to destroy the cause and all will be well with the world. I It is admitted poverty is responsible for a vast preponderance of preve~able sickness and of crime, but tho11e are things caus by poverty, and now we are to deal with the cause of p erty. . What is poverty 1 Let Carlyle say: "It is to live mis1•r·ahle we know not why; to work sore~and ye~ gain nothing; to he heart-worn, wea~y, yet isolated, unrelatNl, girt in with a cold, universal laissez-faire." Greatest of all horrors hred by poverty is fear. Fear of hunger hrings far greater suffering than hunger. F1·ar not for one's self, hut for their lov:ed ones. Fear IUH.I dr!'ad of want seizes the worker and renders him weak and hopc•less. Enough of this-we know the hell of it all-the· Pssenee of poverty, the dread of want! The Hoekefeller I<'oundation experts have discovc•r-Pd tlw c·a11sc of poverty and to end suspense we hastl'rl to say it is the hookworm. There you are: Get rio of your hookwo,·m and- presto! You are in affluPn<·P. If' you don't hcli('Vl' it go to the foundation's hoohwonn d!'p:Jrtmc·nt at thr Panama-Pacific Exposit ion and s<•e for :vour·sell'. Th e fart there are 15,000,000 JWt·sons in tlr<' Pnitrcl Statr.<; livin g in direst poverty would indicntc• that tlH•rr is surely a great need for the Ho<·lwfellet· Foundation and its corps of experts, which sr!'m to havr confin.ed its efforts to giving a shot of thymol to a few hundred Georgia crac]{ers and making thp (']riJdrrn sound and wrll enough to go down from thr hills to thP rotton mills where there m·e no hookworms, and , of eourse, no poverty. Thr rxposition i~ a c-apital plarr to educate children of nll ll!Jt'.. An exee)lrnt ar·amgrment to soothe th!' feelings and the con eienee of the bour~i and iv the masters an opportunity to show their philanthropy. Benevolent feudalism is lavishly dispi8J ed. Every week thousand of ebool children pa through thiS Rockefeller booth in their tour of til educational building, and they tare morbidly at tb wax figure of hookworm victims then read th 1 gends: "Types of poverty eau ed by hookworm " and similar stupid or vicious inversions of the truth. I saw hookworms of five nationalitie before I knew that they were the eau e of poverty. The e were in glas tubes at the Angt>l I land d etention ho pitnl. In an adjoining room were the former owners of the hookworms. They were Japanese, Chinese, inga.le e, Hin-· dus and Russians. 'Each had a different type of hookworm, hut the samr brand of poverty-for all wer poor. Their po,•erty was similar to that of the Georgia crackers.. They we1·e too poor- before th thymol op(•ration-to be admitt<>d to America. Presumably, the cause being removed , they now will be permitted to land. They used to tell us that boo~c was the cause of poverty, but Science marches on and on and makes new discoveries every day. . The hookworm is a miserable parasitr that fastens its<>lf to the smaller intestines of proletarians, who arc to? poor to huy shoes-for the worm travels through open sores on the feet to the blood, through the heart, lungs, thence to the throat, thence· hy indigestion to tho intrstines. Here we leave the remainder of this article to you. The aJ.?plication is almost too obvious. The hookworm of capitalism is sapping the life of this nation and of nations of the world; amh.the greatest of thrm nil is-the great unctuous Foundation Maker himself! Punctured Ora tory H (j)'N soft and <;oothing to th e cultured ear comes the gentle pleadings of that refined evangel and apos1)(' of weetness, Rev!'rend Sunday, when he reaches his loftiest flight<;! The clas icism of tltis scholarly man ~honld INHlnll intPllPl'tllals along a broad, hright path to tlw JWnt·l:v gntPs. ·who eonld re i t this description of an hi. tot·i!' e\·t>nt in the lift> of a hepherd who became a king: \\'hpn DnYid got to tlH• hattlefi!'ld he .:aw Goliath. '·Who·,_ that hi!! iohstt't" ! " Jw a!'kt.>tl. His brothers said. "Why. h1·· the mnin dH•est• of th!' Phili tine ... ·Da,·iJ said: ' 1 Are you guys going to let that stiff pull a bluff like that? · Are you going to let him get away with itf I'm going to it . '' And he whirled his sling and soaked Goliath on the coco, between the lamps-bing! The giant went to the mat and took thr count. And David took his RWord and chopped his block off, and the gang heat it. Is it any mystery that thou..sands seek the throne of !!race when th!'y h!'ar such suhlime flights of or·atoFy and such wonderful interpretation~; and comp lliug portra~·al! Trnl.'· the cultu rPd East is the most favored . e!'tion !-E. d'O. �The Western Comrade 21 Filling ;the Dinner Pail By A. W. RICKER A RETURN of prosperity Is to the capitalist and middle class as the light of the Grail in the swamp; their hope of salvation. To them the elusive goddess Gold seems to beckon and they assiduously court her and tirelessly wait upon her, fawning that thrift may follow. To the disemployed workers this so-called prosperity means . a c hance for a new master-and bread for their loved ones. To the .prope,tandlst it means shot and powde r for his gun; sinews of war to destroy a false prosperity that fattens the favored few and starves the muititude. Comrade Ricker's interpretation wilr meet with many supporters. Our sowing time will soon be at hand.-F. E. W. · ' T H E past twelve months from a business standpoint ha vc been very had ones. In the spring of 1914 hard times began to he felt on all sides. lt \\'?.S appar·(•nt that we were in for Oile of those p eriods of deprrssion which arc inevitable under the present system of l'Ondmting the world's .business. On top of this in .July, 1914, the great war broke out in Europe , further· depressing trade and r edu cing er:nploymrnt. As an inevitable r esult, the past winter has witnrssed th e t:r·uele~t poverty an<l misery :Hnong the wage-workers this !'Olin try has experienced in half a century. Dur·ing such a prriod progressin' ideas and constructive economic mrasures have no chance for a hcar·ing. Hungry rnrn and women ha\·e no in ce ntiv.~ to study and think-mnf'h less to act intelligently. \Var depresses thr puhli e mind and \\'hil e TJatioJ'S arc shedding each other's blood progress is at an end. At the general election of 1914 the inrvi tahle happ ened. In every State of the (Tnion, with one ot· two rxceptions, the old gang of pol it i('al looters returned to power·. A great many laws favoring big business have heen put on the statute hoolts. We were powerless to prc·Yent it. This cloud, however, has a silver lining. With greater profit<> assur·etl, capital is coming out of·hiding. The railroad~. assur·ed of high er ratP-s, will p lace big orders for ecpiipmrnt, so long and so badly needed . Europe has shot away her copper, her nickel and her steel. She has lost the markets, or cannot take car~ of them. in South . America and the Orient. A r~vival of business in this country is apparent, and on a scale greatrr than we have ever witnessed. Mines are starting, shops are opening, and the big corporations are laying plans for extension of equipment. · The dinner p11il is going to" be full again, and the working man will have more money with which to buy lit erature. He will haYe. time to think, t o agjtate and to Or!!anize. Not only timr, hnt _ inclination as well. It is up to us who belir\·e that industry should he owned by all the peoplr instead -of by a few ·barons of wralth . to make the utmost u sc of the good timrs ahead of us. Let us prepare to make hay while the sun shines. A few years of full employment and high prices are a head of us. 'fhen will eon'!e r eaction and depression once morr. Radical and progressive ideas and organizations grow and .d ew lop in good times; they dcrline and collap~e in bad timrs. \\' e should goo ahead n~v \\'ith the idea of so ex- - New York J~venlng Sun BIL\ VE \\'OHK ! Many Women and Babies Slain 1•·nding Otll' Jll'op;wnnda a nd p!'rf'('('ting our· organizn 1ion during- th(• full :v<·ar·s, that\\'<' may he ahlc to take over· from capitnlism th<· coutrol of industr·y when 1hP )pan yl'ar·s ('Orne· upon us one·<' more. I �22 The Western Comrade The ~"' Dandy Funeral A Gay Young Parable By MORGAN S.MITH was a little wretch of a pickaninny yelT -HERE low girl, and one day she died, and all the neigh- Lily would then have stuck out her tongue at llCr mother, and she would have gone. out and kicked all bors said it was t oo good to be true, and Auntie the_neighbors' small' children while they were not lookThompson, little Lily's mother, said that little Lily had· ing instead of getting a club to enablt> her mother to lived too lon g a!l it was, and nobody seemed to car<> if make ~ll the people come back to the funeral. little J,ily did die. But Auntie .Tnompson now had nobody upon whom But thP twighhors all said that they now would have shr could depend to stic'k_out their tongue at her and a dandy funeral and they would lake on as much as if to kick all the neighbors' small children while they little ],iJy hadn't hecn the ·p?rse of the whole place were not looking.. Little Lily was dead, which was a all her life. And Auntie Thompson said that she was 1hing that all the neighbors had said they hoped she now in thP public eye, and something unusually Jine would be some day. 4\nd so all that Aunti e Thompson would naturally he cxpech!d of one in her position. could do was to allow all the neighbors to leave the ~he said all the neighbors would now expt-d some funeral quietly in:;tead of 1iurriedly. unusually fine mourning of her. And so she ~a id tl:at So Auntie Thomps<m then went into 1mother room when the neighbors all eame to the funeral she W(juld and locked . the door, and little JJily remained where then refuse to he separated from poor little Lily. She they had left. her. She had on her Sunday dress and said that would be some unusually fine mourning, if the inside of the coffin was elean. She knew that a she did say it herself. suitable place for her Sunday dress would be down So, when the undertaker stepped forward to a.':si<;t behind the mud bank where the small children of the the pall-hearers to bear poor little Lily to the wagon, neighbors sometimes strayed. But she d ecided to stay Auntie Thompson stepped forward, too. Auntie in the coffin where it was· clean although none. of the Thompson stepped forward just exactly as the under- neighbors' small children ev<'r strayed into the coffin. taker did, excepting that she. had a lar!{e knife and And Thompson came home drunk late that night he didn't. and told Auntie Thompson that he had not been able And Auntie Thompson said that if anybody took to get away to attend the funeral. of little Lily and little Lily out of that i1ouse thPy woulJ do it over her then Auntie Thompson said that was all right because tlPEtd body. there had not yet been any funeral. She said she ']'hat, she said, was the way they wr.re doing their didn 't know when the funerJtl of little Lily would he, mourning now. She said it was somethin g unusually she was )lure. Then Thompson said that Auntie Thompson could fine. So then the unde!·takcr Raid that iJ' he ca n·ied lit- do the sleeping alone for one ~ght and perhaps two. tle f,ily out over Auntie 'l'hompson 's dead hody it He said he was going some place else. So Thompson would r equire quite a bit of <~xtra climbing in :-tadi-· t hen went out the back way which was the dark way, tion to the fact that h£- might he called to conduct the and as he was failing to g'Pt l)ver the hack fence owing funeral of Auntie Thompson, too, without tl•e bill be- to his hurry he said he ·would now sign a pledge never, ing pai~ either. to. celehrate th e death of anyhody again because it So the undertaker then said that he would let it made it hard for him to get ·over the back fence. go at. thnt and he t hen said that he would now go But Auntie Thompson didn't do the sleeping alone nway from the house r.nd not take AuntiP. 'l'hompson's for one night. She said that if Thompson' wouldn't c.hild nway from hf !'. And ali the neighhors went stop dr1nking and wonldn 't stay at home where oth er qutetly out through t hr door and let Auntie Thompson <'Orrect men stayed, sh e would r emain awake and move have little IJily. furniture from the position it had always occupied If it had been :t fP.w days previous Auntie Thompson to a position more directly in front of the bedroom would have told little f,ily to go and get a big club door. and she would then see to it that the people didn 't And after a while Auntie Thompson heard a noise go away from the funeral before all 'the mourning was and she said that if little Lily was going to get out of uently attended to in the correct manner. And little the coffin she would now get out of the window, as far �The Western Comrade as she was concerned. And wh-en she was outside she said that she guessed that if her husband could go some place else, she could go so7e place else too. And so Auntie Thompson went some place else, without another word. And when Auntie Thompson thought she had gone far enough she came suddenly upon a tree and she said she would now climb the tree. And when the moon came up she saw something moving in the next · tree and when the sun came up she saw it was Thompson. And Thompson then asked her why she thought she had to do everything tl:tat he did. And the next day Auntie Thompson had to pay the health . authorities two dollars apiece t~ come and separate her from poor little Lily, and she said that was more than the little brat was worth. Lawson-Labo-r- · Libe rty By J E D M UN D B . OliN R. LA \\"SON has been found guilty of murder in the first degree and sentenced to life imprisonment. He bllcd no one, and he was not charged with doing so; he is simply said to haYe commanded a body of stril\ers in a hattie with strike-breaking shet·iff's deputies in which a d eputy was killed . . When the coal miners of Colorado, struggling for n. decent human existence, were beset hy thugs in the form of mine g-11ar<ls and state militia, he, as pn•sidrnt of the Colorado State Federation of Labor and member of the exeeutiYe board of the United Mine 'Not·kers, urged the miners to defend t hemsrlves ::tnd their families in every way possiblr. Since the forces of law and order were all on the other side, he was active in raising money to buy arms and ammunition for the defense that he :tdvised. lie may have been unwise. Certainly, in fon·e alonr is no power of permanent improvemrnt. Prrhaps he should not have lost his temper at the sight of mrn being driven into veritable slavery and women and children cursed and maltreated and mur dered in cold blood. But he did. He was human. In !1is wrath he reverted to primal instincts. Because he was like the great mnss of man]; ind, berause his heart was not a heart of stone, hecause he was true to his tt·ust in an hour wlten fidelity. was needed as never before, shall we say that his brow !wars the brand of Cait{ 1 God forbid it! ThatMand hrlongs to another-one whom future, more eniightrnrd grnerations will regard as infamous. ,John D. RockcfeiiN. Jr., should cower in infinite dread BR UM B A. U G H . from the righteous judgment of the God that he professes to serve. It was his greed that drove the miners to revolt, and C)n his soul is every life lost in the tr6uhles that followed . Yet he has not been indicted, and he will not be. H e may continue to teach his Sunday school aud· leCture. on' mOt·als to the working class. "Equality b<'fore the law!" Thr striking mrners of Colorado fought· bravely, from Lawson down to the humblrst man. But though they did, and though their cause was just, it must not be forgotten that thry rrapNl in the strike and the trial' what they sowed at the hallot box. They voted for supporters of ·an industrial system based on the robbery and suhjrction of r,ah01·, and their strike has heen broken and lmwson must spend the rest of his days in prison unless his attorneys, in conjunction with public opinion, arl' powcrful .enough to set him at liherty. They "seahhrd" thPir· ela~s on election day, and thrir· a~pirations ha\·c heen crttshed. 'l'hey refused to accept the emanripating ·message that Socialists brought to them, and more firmly than ever is "th<· iron her!" fixed on their necks. Upon their stupidity_rrsts the hlame. But I am hopeful. Only through constant toil and prodigal rxpenditurc of life ::tnfLtreasure, has progress rvrr come. The birth of the new social order cannot hr a painless one. Some day Labor will learn. Tt will tahr 1he world and its wealth and the joy lying latent therein. Then will he Socialism. on Keep Up the Spade W liE~ t.he, soldiers fighting in the" trenches on 1he l<~rench frontier wish to establish a truce for sanitary purposes they hold aloft a spade and the '' enrmy'' readily responds in a similar manner, and soon t hr mrn m11y be sren elirnl•ing out of the trenches. .-\t 1imrs thry come close enough to exchange goodnahl!'rd hnntering with each other. By these exchanges of nrdl' rourtesy the fighting men of the Allies and th e Gennans learn that their "foes" are human and much like themselves. After that the firing is desultory and ineffective, though the officers, whose duty it is to keep alive the hatred they have fostered, rage and storm. Ameriean correspondmts who report this situation drclare it is necessary to change the men in their position and frrquently shift them to other trenches in �24 The Western Comrade order to keep the brute upper:most in the fighters. Socialists of Europe, on both sides of the struggle, are spreading a cry that may be farfeaching and most effective. They shout: ''Keep up the spade ! '' and the slogan grows in strength and in meaning. a~ it spreads. A truce between the toilers of all nations ! Will the workers of the world, either on war's goey field or in our daily hell of capitalism, ever ' learn to cease fighting each other and, keeping up the spade, turn on the common foe ?-G. E. B. Is It Practical? ., By CARL H D . OW is Soeialism to come '/ How are you going to hriug it ahout '! Wh at is your program? These arc questions constantly in the' minds and 011 tlw lips of a great many very sincere people. Th e Bot·ialist l\1ovcmcnt has JIDW rea<;hed a point of tl·~­ velopment wh ere they may be a~swered with a consitlerahle degree of 1:xaetn~ss and detail. vVe propose to givP 1hPm car·<•ful and <:an did consideration . Ami, hesidPs, tllPS<· qu est ions often take the form of sin<·<:rc· and serious ohj!'etions. lt is' often held that Sol'ial ism may offl'r a t·o r-rPet analysis of the present social or·dcr-that it may be a very beautiful ideal; hut it is impractical; it offers no <:onstructive program. Furthermore, the person who prides himself upon being a practical reform er holds that he <:annot afford to join the Socialist Party and vote the Socialist ticket, because the Socialists can do nothing to improve conditions now. And, as he thinks that certain "reform" parties, or perhaps go me ''reform'' wing of one of the old parties, is going to hr_ing about certain improve- THOMP SON m~nts right aw·ay, he prefers to stay a non-Sociau:st. It is, therefore, of vital importance to make it clear and· positive that the Socialist Movement does have a constru ctive program; that it does have a very definite and detailed program of procedure, which its representatives follow eonsistcntly when elected to office. lt is impor·tant. to have it clearly understood that, while Sotialism has a final goal, of which it never loses sight in· the ~;trug g l e for immediate and temporary gains, it do ~s· not, therefore, fail to fight stubbornly. as we shall sh.ow, arid at times very effectively, for every measur·e that. ·w ould improve the. immediate conditions 't h e common people. No one. need be afraid of the bugaboo of " throwing away your vote." Every vote ior Socialism has its effect for good at onee. In more ways than one is it true that it is better to vote for what you really want and not get it just y<'t than to vote for " ;hat you don't want an(! get it immediately. of Mother Earth By RUTH LEE STEVENS Will you listen, oh, ye toilet'S 1 to the message of thr sod. • For, when earth to thee hath spoken thou hast heard thl• voi<·e of God! Mother Earth is breathing, breathing, Have you .slumbered on her breast 1 Have you known the peace and comfort, And the sense of perfect rest, That is had hy simply lying With your pillow on the sod, Snuggled down to l\T other Nature, Your heart heating close to god 1 For 'tis only in th e hlJ.I tops, By th e rushing mountain stream, You ean seale the wondrous ladder .Taeob saw in ancient dream, Leave your burdens all behind you, LPt thrre not be any strife, And hy dint of patient climbing You shall reaeh the ·" Gate of I,ife." Mothrr· Barth is resting, resting, Are you tired and weary, 'too? Would you like to have the blessing 'fhat is now in store for you Y J,eaYr the City's din of hattie, Quit it;; nbisome strife for prize, W onderous wealth for you lies waiting, 'Neath the azure of tHe skies! l\Toth r r Earth is calling, calling, \\'ill ~'O ll hea rkrn to her call? She but '"aits to give the blessing I-f,..Jd in store for one and all. God made land for all his children , Not for grredy landlords' gain! " Sell it not," he saith-forever! Oh! his words are very plain. �The Western Comrade 26 lmpeac);lment of Capitalism By J. STITT WILSON P REACHERS of the gospel frequently urge indi- teaching of Jesus and declare that capitalism is a vidual salvation as an answer to the social prob- menace to every purpose and program of the Christ. lem. Let me state with utmost empha&is that no indiAny man or chur._ch which professes to offer the vidualistic spiritual experience can lift you out of the word of God to: the ·souls of men and yet leaves the social and economic relations of the social system in American plutocracy in the saddle on the backs of the "·hich you live. There is no religious experience, no pe~ple is deludjng tlie .people. Any church in this city, spiritual vision of God, as proposed by mystics, or · or any · city, which at this late date 'still at peace :\fethodists, or Christian Scientists, or Salvationists, or with capitalism is a moral and spiritual tomb. The :Illy sort , whieh ean rclrase you from the grasp of socialization· of i.ndustry-democracy in fundamental <'(·onomic relations. equipment of soeif'ty-in 'short. Socialism is the logic l impf'nt!t eapitalism ~s thr supreme anti-Christ of of Christianity. And here I took my stand long ye~rs modrrn timrs. l tal•e my stand on life and spit·it and ago. is Is Your Conscience -Olear? By T ~1 I L A T UP P E R 11 igltlllt<: n· in Etii'Opte among our bi·othl'rs <tilt! •·omra<les should set us all searching our i11most hearts to sl'<' if rach has donr his part in efforts to make this kiut1 of nhominntion forever impossible. ·what can we do ? Thr most sure and effective \\·a~· is to strcngthPn the Socialist organization in your pa rticulat· locality. Docs this seem an nnti-elimaz 9 "\ prose,v way to meet heroic issues 1 Perhaps; hut it is the tru~ w~)Y, nonr the less. .Tnst so long as the peopl e do not know hrtter than to tolerate war in industry (competition ), the~· will have to endn.re or always be in danger of mreting that other murderous warfare with machine guns. I IE gktstly MAY N A RD . uo yon w-ant 1his de" illy nightmare, this unbelievable horror eal)ed war to vanish? 'rhen work the harder to overthrow that more cruel, long-drawn-out torture, Capitalism . . Going to business mertings when your back aches and you would prrfcr to go to bed; distrihutffi.g -bills, ut>tting subs, talking . tactfully and persistently for th e making of new converts, paying dues promptly and meeting all the expenses of the party as surely as ,vou do the groeer,v bill-thr~e ar e some of the prosey, hut very real and sure, ways in which you c·a n help m:1 ke ,\·ar forever impossible. You have the choice at this hour-a drone or an adive worker in the hivd The Fighter By M A R G·U E R I T E H E A D Just before the battle rages You may hear his . wild huzzas; But through all the ancient story There is but a butcher's glory In the war each fighter wages For the bloody monarch, Mars. " Shall the lure of printed pages In our youth vile lust instill? Shall the sanguinary hero With the instincts of a Nero, Who has plied his trade for ages, Teach our children how too kill? Still on battle-fields' broad stages, With his brazen, villains' roles, He is dealing death .and plunder, While behind · machines of thunder Stands the gory fiend ·who gauges Guns to rend his brothers' souls. Just before the battle rages, You may hear his wild huzzas; But through all the ancient story There is but a butchers' glory In the war each fighter wages For the bloody monarch, Mars. �T e I e t eT Co ,. EXIC Read the Correct Interpretation of Underlying Motives in the Most Remarkable and Valuable Book of the .Year The Mexican :People-• Their Struggle for Freedom . -ByL. Gutierrez de Lara and Edgcumb Pinchon • ••• Eugene V. Debs sa.ys: ' ' • • • It is written from the po4lt of view of the working cla.ss, the tillers of th e soil, the producers of the wealth, andshows that through all these centuries of toil and tears and blood and martyrdom they have been struggling for the one purpose of Pmancipating themselves from the tyranny of a heartless aristocracy, buttressed on the on e _h and by the Roman Church and on the other by ~.he military power." ••• Georgia Kot~,r,h sa.ys : "• • • It strips the glamor of IH'nevolent motives from the dealings with .\Texico of the United States and other countl·i c and presents the stark truth that American and 1vorld capitalism has been, and is, in leagm. against the proletariat of .\fexico for its own sordid interest. And while the Mexican master ~;lass is depicted a the most depraved and bloodthirsty in hi. tory. tlte ocialist will see that the story of the .\I tican proletariat is in greater or '"' · degree and in varying circumstances t he .·tory of the proletariat in every country." ' ... DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. .Price $1..50 th' book and The Western Comrade for one sear tor oo a ·fine of f rom both ar to be ubmitted sage. One. mea u provid -death penalty f or t re on t h This plan follow ht>els of t h l.J. . uprt>me ourt dt.>· cision upholding th right of a l'uilway official to force an mploy t _withdraw from a union un r t h laws 'of Kansas . Will See th Modern Methods "How mlfny head o ' live stock you got on the place 1" " Live Ato ·kT" echoed th som • what pu;r,zled -ra.rmer. " What d' yc mean by live stock T I got four steam tractor11 and 11ev n automobiles.'' Fair Hint "Kate!" "Yes, motber." "If the milkman •bould emne while you and the young man are '!ittinl{ out there, please tell him to lean- an f>Xtra pint of milk in the mornin~." Today wouM tp~• a good tim~: 1:6 subserihe for the \\"F..f>JTERX 00~ HADE. • baU a dozen tempting eombination ofrerw our ad.-mmn4J m eo1ulllmJ. i tart . The Wall treet Journal tri to rebul<e Jane Addam f r saying " nothing can be s ttled by for . " The brilliant editor asks about '·'slavery " and, Am rican indep ndence. '' The facts are against him. Slavery was not settled by th war. It has net been abolished. As for independence-that is another myth . 1-Iowt>ver, if the W . S. J . and it masters, who are such warm X· ponents of force, want things 8 ttled hy force, th ey are in a fair way t o see the start of it. · �n The Western Comrade "Unto the Third" (Continued from Page U) I"' of lobster pate covered with a delectable dressing, the privy pride of Gasby 's private chef, Jean Coret. Now comes the nub of the story. Gasby's butler got 10 per cent. Gasby 's chef got nothing-outside his regular perquisites. Gasby's groceryman got what he could make out of it. The latter gentleman did not have, to the full complement the amount of imported lobster ord~red. .;o he substituted some of Gasby's lohRter-car.efully removing the domestic Ia be Is and affixing the foreign. Now it may have been <1asby's lohster. prepared b.y "efficient" though hrow-beaten "hapds,'.' that offered a fine free lunch for those ptomaine germs, and it may not have hern . The fact remains however that innumerable of the de~dly germ~ were found by a reputable chemist in the rPmains of the pate. G!Hdys died, as did one other child ; and sP\'cral yonngste1·s who partook of the tid-hit herame violently ill. Thrse question arise: Is Gasby's hutlPr !I vi llain Y Is Gasby's chef a villain T Is Gasby's groceryman a vi~lain T Is Jiiillll_ie ~'Hara a viilam f Is Mrs. Junnue O'Hara a villainess f The American· Socialist Vale! Saint Anthony Socialist Party of Amenca. Official Orgu of the · Saint Anthony Comstock who The American Socialiat apealu has had charge . of the morals of • ·with authority. It ia a powerful the Universe, especially of New York (are or is there anyT) bas .newa and propaganda weekly been canned from his sdft place o~ .' and ia the only paper in the the P. 0 . D . . payr~lL :Antliony United Statea which givea an monkeyed with the art societies acc:ouiit of the offiCial buaineaa and the artists proved him a com. mon nuisance. ·Sic semper toJlla-· of the Socialist PartY. ' toes!-Il C. Every Socialist. Every Studut of Socia- lism sHou" ·.be a subscriber. THE JONES BOOK STORE_. 226 West First St., Los Angels, Cal. Headquarters for the best Socialist books and literature. · INSURANCE Fire, Life, Accident, Liability Automobile, Etc. Beat Companies Loweot Rates P. D. NOEL -Phones· Main 5247, A·4533 Residence 31238 Will be glad to call on you Subscription Price 50 cents a year. " The American Socialist and The Western Comrade can be had in combination. for one yea'r by sending ·$1.25 to THE W~STERN COMRADE 924 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. If you like · Socialists Attention! In order to place a copy of our catalogue of union-made goods In the hands of every r~ader of The Western Comrade, we will send postage prepaid, on receipt of FIFTY CENTS, one of our ~~:enulne sheepskin-leather card cases BEARING THE UNION LABEi.. This card case contains four pockets, one large for bills and papers, one for your dues-stamp book, and two with transparent windows for union membership cards. This Is the ONLY CARD CASE on the market made by Organized Labor and bearing the union label. It Is no longer necessary for a class-conscious Socialist to be Inconsistent. Send fifty cents in stamps or money order. MUTUAL UNJON TRADING COMPANY (The o~ly exclusive union label merehandl•era) !Owned and managed bY. members of the workln& clau) 9 Board of Trade Court. CHICAGO, ILLS. P.EARSON'S MAGAZINE at all, you will li~e it BETTER· than any other • JQagazme • Send your Dallle aacl adclteu on a postcard to PEARSON'S MAGAZINE, 425 Eut 24th Street, New York City, for a FREE SAMPLE COPY AN;:· :lEE; then •ubac:n'be · throuchHERE'S A BARGAIN You can get both PEAR · SON'S MAGAZINE and THE WESTERN COM· RADE for one year by aendlng $1.50 (the price of Pea~on'a alone) to The Western Comrade 923 HIGGINS BLDG. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. �T h e W e s t e·r n C o m r a d e THE WESTE~N C9MKADE not succe('d in electing to office effi- ruption of men, in .the loss of leadcient representatives of Labor who ers, in the betrayal of Labor, in the remain faithful to Labor. Even suspicion and dil!trust engendered Entered aa second-class mattel"" at the post omce at Loa Angeles, Cal. t' when 'card men' are elected to of- among the rank and tile; in the 1124 Higgina Building, Loa Angeles, Cal • . fice, they have not the political in- weakening of the class spirit, and dependence necessary to enable in the undermining of class soliSubacription. Price One Dollar a Year them to fight vigorously the battles darity, the political methods of the In Cluba of Four Fifty Centa . of Labor. 'l'hey owe allegiance to American Federation of Labor are Job Harriman, Man'a ging Editor capitalistic parties, political bosses so demoralizing that in time they Frank E. Wolfe, Editor and individual financial· backers to may actually r.uin the Trade-Union Vol. III June, 1915 . ~o. 2 such a degree that ,thev: are forced Movement itself. '' . No 'o ne at all interested ~ the sooner or later, eithe; to . betray Hunter's New Book Lab!lr .or to· relinquis~ a'ny · ambi- Labor Movement can read this book OBEHT HUNTER has written an- tion they may 'have for a success- without keen interest. It is filled other valuable book. For years ful i>olitical car~r. Third, the metli- · with argume.nt which is of the the gu lf which has separated the So~ ods. do not develop self-reliance, in- greatest value to the social teacher cialist and l1ahor Union Movements ·dep:endence and integ6ty in the L~t­ and agitator. One cannot . but exin the United States has been 1he bor Movement. Instead of wean-. press the hope that it will lead to despair of Jn(tny members of the So- ing the working-class 'from its a · better understand~ng between eialist Party. 'fhe Socialists have bondage to the · capitaiist parties, the political and economic wings of oftc·n criticised the attitude taken by they faster more and mor.e securely the Labor Movement in America. tiH· American Federation of Labor the chains which. bind it. to those. Ever.v Hocialist should study· it. "Labor· in Politics," by Robert. and its princ·ipal officers toward parties. They violate t he spirt't of wo1·king-clnss political action. This Tmdcs Unionism and, while :Labor Huntef', published by the Socialist criti cisn1 has sometimes been more struggles for industrial freedom, Party Na tiona!. Office, 803 West hittpr· than it has been intelligent. these methods force it to rell'\ain l\farlison street, Chicago, Ill. Paper. l{ohert 11 untcr 's criticism however in politic·al slavery: In the cor- Price 25 cents, prepaid. is of' a different nature. ' ' With masterly logic, he shows the untena hleness of 1\Ir. Gompers' position. lie shows how the political policy of the American. Federation of Labor· has conupted many of its leadrr·s, has robbed Labor of somP of' its ablest men, and has made t hr Organized ].,ahor :Movement the laughin g stock, the footba ll and the tool of the Manufacturers' Association and its political henchmen. How absolutely fi·uitlcss of results this undignifiPd begging policy has been, he proves hy a comparison of the Labor legislation of some of the countries of Western Europe, where the workers enthusiastically support independent worl<in-class political action with the La hor legislation of the United States. He quotes Gompers himself as saying that the United States "is no less than two decades behind many of the· Europc•an nations in the protection of the life, limh and health of the workers." So incisive is Hunter's logic that at times it turns the federation's policy into ridicule without {.eally aiming to do so. Hunter sums up his case as follows: "There are, as it appears to me, THE PATH 01<' NEUTRALITY certain main reasons for the fai lure Uncle Sam: "Well, Mr. Death, don't think that I am of the political )Tiethods of the A. F. after the money. I sell you these things only because of L. First, no two persons in t he they will bring about peace sooner." federation agree as to what those A Germ an sh aft at L'ncle Sam's "commercialism ." methods are. Second, the ~ethods do Slmpltclsslrn us ~ R 1 j �The We ,s t e T n Co ·r ad e To Our Gunmakers By Fn~.n.k H. Ware UNHALTERED, you prey upon the dead· Smilingly you feast On fast drying fields of blood. Countless numbers lie slain And bleached bones glisten in the sunlight; Enrapt with delight you gnaw The flesh from precious bones. Shoot ·capitalism · · With a Keen Diplomacy Little Charlotte accompanied her mothc•J' to the home of an acquaintance, wli<>J't• a dinner-dance was being g-i veu, say:;; the New York Times. \Vlwn th1• dt•ssl'rt-('ourse was reached t II(• li ·tie f.('irl was hrought aown and f,!i\'('11 a plat·•• IH'Xt tO her mother at t "" tahle. 'l' hr hosl!·ss was a woman much given to talking, and, in r elating somr inh•restiug incidents, quite forgot to giYr littl e Charlotte anything to cat . Af'te1· some time had elapsed, ('ha!'lottr. could bear it no longer. With th r sohs rising in her throat, shr held np her plate as high as she •·nuld and said: "Dors anybody want a clean plate?" Millie Had "Bitten" She was a little girl and very polite. It was the first time she had hPcn on a visit alone, and. she had hl'cn carefully instructed how to behnvc. "If they ask you to dine with thrm," papa had said, "you must say 'No, thank you, I have already dined .. ' " lt turned out just as papa l!ad anticipated. 11 Come along, Mildred,'' said her little friend's father, "you must have a bite with us." · . '' o, thank you,'' said the little ~?i rl with ditnity; "I have already bitten.'' Our Ama~eur Players lJano Link-·what wa the row out froiit during the first cene, Miket Mescal Mike--The under tudy nursemaid got excited and earried - in the h eroine' baby when it wa n 't due to appear until thrt>e years later in the fourth act. St~~eopticon Anyone can lecture with the aid of pictures; they tell the story, you point out the moral. Pictures draw 11. crowd where other means fail. They make your work doubly effective. We tell you how to get the greatest results at the least expense. • ·send stamp for complete inform~tion. W. SCOTT LEWIS 3493 Eagle Street. Los Angeles, California Gen. Otis says editorially in The Times, 'of· EVERYMAN (By Luke North) ''If law and order; respect for conventions and property right& are to be maintained in this land and its civilization continued, publications like Everyman must be suppressed •. . . " And again Gen. Otis says: "Its lamentably brilliant pages pervert art to._ the cunning uses of social disturbers . . . "-and also, says the General, still speaking of Everyman : "It is disturbing to mental stability." Thank you kindly, General. I could ask no greater boon fr·om the Los Angeles Times.-Luke. EVERYMAN <Monthly> Each Issue Has an Important Lecture or Essay by Clare nee Darrow Year $1 .50, Copy 25 Cents 516 American Bank Bldg., Los .Angeles �The Wester A Co ra.de Question of the Pop VISITOR at Llano waa accompanied by a wise, talkative and pedantic friend. When they reached a field of growing popcorn the visitor said: "I never quite understood about popcorn--" "Why, that's simple enough," broke in the wise one. "The starch polygons are of mch a natnre as to facilitate expansion and render it explosive in character; there is a fracture of a particle along its two radii, the endosperm swelling very considerably, the peripheral portions cohering with the bull, but the. fractured quarter<:~ turning back to meet below the embryo-~' "Yes, I reckon that's cight,·" interrupted the first speaker, "but what J wanted to know is what makes the blamed stuff pop!" Our Own Atrocities A transcontinental railroad is !wasting that none of its trains was ever suhmarined. This reminds us that on the day of the Lusitania tragedy a Santa Fe engine torpedoed an elcctt·ic cnr in Los Angeles and l<i ll ed hnlf a dor.en non-combatnnts and wounded a score of others. No warning was given and passengers and crew went crashing down together. This grade crossing tragedy was one of the t housand similar annual incidents showing the bar bari ties of "peace" under a profit system t hat means a perpetual and a diur nal hell. 11 80 TE llghey p-to-date Info The Socialiat Movement The Lal,or Movement . Co-operll.tion Exploitatio~ W agee lllld Hours ·· Une-mployment Cbild Labor · Woman and Labor lnduetrial Accidente · Poverty The High Coat of Li · White Slavery Crime Tbe Old Partiee The Progremvc• Syudicaliam Concentration of W caltL The Truate Profits Socialiats in Office and many other things of interest t o Socialiete and students-too many to 'mention. .It has been compiled by the INFORMATION DEPARTMENT OF THE SOCIALIST PARTY and ia the moat complete reference book of that character that has ever been published. in flexihle clot'h.- 350 pages. 50 CENTS A COPY. Bound THE WESTERN COMRADE $1 PER YEAR SPECIAL COMBINATION We will send you THE WESTERN COMRADE for one y11ar and TH E CAMPAIGN BOOK FOR $1.25. Address Clrc.wlatlon Departmen t, 924 H iggins Building, Loa Angeles, Cal. T he T orturer Doubt ram<' a-hegging; · and I bade him wait; Frd him. while sorry storie he'd r('peilt. H<> W<'nt. and left :1 cross upon my gate-. Thl' • ign that brought hi fellow tramp, Defeat. The British Columbia Federationi t Room 217 Labor Temple Vancouver, B. C. $1.25 Per Year Love on the Llano '' ud do yon really love me, G<'Orgt_' t' he a ked. "f.;Ovt• you, ' repeated George fer\'W.ltly. ' Why, while I bidding • u good-bpe l t night, dear, the dog bit a large ehunk out of my leg, anQ, I n wr notieed it until I t home.." luued Weekly R. Par m Pettlplece. Managing E ditor A labor paper unparalleled by any labor paper of Canada. Endo111ed by the VletOrla Tnulea and Labor Counc:U MJ4 New Westml!Lster Trades , and Labor CounciL Otftcl.l.t organ of the Vancouver Tnldea an4 Labor Counctl an4 B rltlllb Columbia Feder&tlon of L&bor. Tbe paper tor Indwrt.rlal Unity, Political Unity, Stre""b an.cf VlctDJYI U you do not take tbW paper you •hould aub8ct1.,_ ~,.1 Telephone Home A-4533 Home A-%003 HARRIMAN & RYCKMAN Attorne}IB at Law A. J. STEVENS 9%1 Higgins BuHdiq' 3D.G South Bma4W'&7 LBs~.Cal DentUt Boom 514 X.O.. . "- 0.11.. �T h e ·we s t e r n C o m r a d e 31 Llano del ··Rio!"' Co-operative Colony . Llano, .C alifornia Is the greatest Co= unity Enterprise ever launched T HIS In America. ' · The colony was founded by Job Harriman and is situated In the beautiful Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, Callfornla, a few hours' ride from Los Angeles. The community Is solving the problem of dlspmployment and business failure, and offers a way to provide for the future welfare of the workers and their families. Here Is an example of co-operation In action. Llano del Rio Colony Is an enterprise unique in the history of community groups. · Some of the alms of the colony are: To solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady emt>loyment for the workers; to assure safety and comfort for the future and for old age; to guarantl'e education for the children In the best scllool under personal S\lpervlslon, and to · provide a social life amid surroundings better than can be found in the competitive world. Some of these alms have been carried out during · the year since the colony began to work out the problems that confront pioneers. There are about 400 persons living at the . new town of Llano. There are now more than seventy pupils In the schools, and several hundreds are expected to be enrolled before a year shall have passed. Plans are under way for a school building, which will cost several thousand dollars. The bonds have been voted and there is nothing to delay the building. Schools will open at the fall term with classes ranging from the Montessori and kindergarten grades through the Intermediate which includes the first year In high school. This gives the publls an opportunity to take advanced subjects, Including languages in the colony schools. The colony owns a tine herd of about 100 head of Jersey and Holstein dairy cattle and is turning out a large amount or dairy products. There are about 150 hogs in the pens, and among them a large number of good brood sows. This department will be given special attention and ranks high in importance. The colony has about forty work horses, a large tractor, two trucks and a number of automobiles. The poultry department has 100 egg-making birds, some of them blueribbon prize winners. About 2000 additional chicks were added in May. This department, as all others, is in the charge of an expert and it will expand rapidly. About 6'0,000 rainbow trout have been hatched in the colony's fish hatchery, and it Is intended to add several hundred thousand each year. There are several hundred hares in the rabbitry and the manager of the department says the arrivals are in startling numbers. There are about 11,000 grape cuttings in the ground and thousands of decich:ous fruit arid shade trees in the colony nursery. This deJ)artment Is being steadily extended. The community owns several hund'ted colonies of bees which are producing honey. This department will be increased to several thousands. " Among otQer Industries tt.e colony owns a steam laundry, a planing mill, a printing plant, a machine shop, a soil analysis laboratory, and a number of other productive .plants are contemplated, among them a cannery, a tannery, an Ice plant, a shoe factory, knitting and weaving plant, a motion pi~ture company and faetory. ' The colonists are farming on a large scale with the use of modern machinery, using scientific _ system •and tried methods. About 120 acres of garden has been planted. this year. Social life In the colony ls mQst delightful. Entertt.!nments and dances are regularly established functions. BJa ball, basket-ball, tennis, s-wiJimilng, fishing, hunting and other sports and pastime are popular with all ages. Several Jrundred ~ere~ are . n'ow In alfalfa, ;hlch if' pected to run six cyttings of heavy hay tb.ls season.. •.... are two producing orchli.rds and about flfty•five acres young pear trees. Several hundred acres will be , plant'ed in pears and apples .. next · year. · Six hundred' and. forty .acres have been set aside for a site for a city. The bullding department Is making bricks for the construction of hundreds of. hom~s. The city will be the only one ot Its kind j.n thE: world. . It will be built with the end of being bea'utlfu,l and utilitarian. There are 1000.membersl!lps· In the colony and nearly 600 of them are subscribed, for. It is believed that the remainder wlll be taken within .the next few .p10nths. The broadest democracy pre>vaUs in the management of the colony. There is a directorate Ot nine, elected by the stockholders, and a community commission ·or nine, elected by the General Assembly-all perscms over 18 voting.. Absolute equality prevails tn ever:!!' resp'ect. The ultimate population of this colony will be between 5000 and 6000 persona. The colony is organized as a corporation under the laws of California. · The capitalization Is $2,000,000. One thousand members are provided for. E;a.ch shareholder agrees to subscribe for 2000 shares of stock. Each member agrees to pay $2500 and will receive 2000 shares of capital stock and a deed ·to a lot 50x100 feet with a modern residence erected thereon. · Each pays cash ($750) for 750 shares. Deferred payments on the remalnlng · 125~ shares and house and lot are made by deducting one dollar per day (or more, If the member wishes to pay more rapidly) from the $4 wages of the colonist. Out of thE} remaining $3 a day, the colonist gets the necessities and comforts of life. The balance remaining to the Individual credit of the colonist may be drawn In cash out of tQe net proceeds Df the enterprise. A per cent of the wages may be drawn In cash. Continuous employment Is provided, an'a'- vacations arranged as may be desired by the colonist. .Each member holds an equal number of shares of stock as every other shareholder. · Each member receives the same wage as every other member. In case anyone desires to leave the colony his shares and accumulated fund may be sold at .any u .me. Are you tired of the competitive world? Do you want to get into a position where every hour's work will be for yourself and your family? Do you want assurance of employment and proviRlons for the future? Ask for the booklet entitled: ''The Gateway to Freedom." Subscribe for The WeRtern Comrade ($1.1)0 per year), and keep posted on the progress of the colony. Address C. V. EGGLESTON CO. Fiscal Agents Llano del Rio Company 924 Higgins Building Loa Angeles, California -. �• ( • Is Yo . r Job Safe? Hundreds .are safeguarding.themselves by joining the Llano del Rio Co-oper~tive Colony in the Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, ·california, where cl~mate and s·urto1nidtngs.are ideal for an agricultural and industr~al community This community is-doiiig constructive and productive work in one of the most beautiful valleys in Southern .California. The climate and surrounding.; are ideal. The Colony was founded and is conducted under the direct supervision of Job Harriman, who has been a leader in the Socialist movement in America for the past 25 years. The Colony is solving for its members and their families the serious problems a n d disemployment and insecurity for the future. Here is an example of COOPERATION IN ACTION. ' There were originally one thousand memberships. Six hundred of these are sold and the remainder are selling rapidly. Men and women of nearly every useful occupa: tion are needed in the community. These men are folloWing the latest scieJit:"' •"' ods in farming stock rais~ -dlle 1\l!.~­ try production' • . ··.i.!g, dairying, poul.. ~ lceeping, trout hatching and rearing, and other agricultural and industriaJ. pursuits. ·Social life iS most delightful. If you are willing to apply tne principles of CO-operation of which you have heard, talked and read so.mm:h, here is your opportunity. Co-operation is a.practical thing and must · be worked· =,....----~~r-------,.:::!1 out in · a practical manner. By this method we can accelerate the great world ~oveme\lt toward the socialization of all the sources of human ~e. · Do you want to solve your own vexatious proplems and assist in this. great enterprise? We want Colonists and we want representatives who ca.n speak and write the message of freedom. You ean make good from thiS hour if you-will take hold and secure members. You can ma.!t~~ or~ tion work a pennanent businet~s. See the:.... - - J · " · n..J-- -~ .... _.,.,'"" lo of this ma. ........ :;~01) ._. •··- _ .... ony. vu p-w --~ zine, take advantage of your opportU!It\.y and write for particulars. Address C. V. Eggleston, Fiscal .- Agent · Llano del Rio -Com.pany 924 Higgins Build·4 tg Los Angeles, California � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1915-06 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-06 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n02_191506 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-18 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n02 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/d094f93ed391bfafb57f2cb8db005ab6.pdf afe96b2ade62a5426f6b63ebef10ecd6 PDF Text Text �2 The W estern C omrade EL BOOTS .a nd SH Factory· operated in connection with LLANO DEL Rio CoLONY Men's 10-inch boots .$6.00 Men's 12-inch boots. 7.00 Men 's 15-inch boots . 8.00 . Ladies ' 10-inch boots 5.00 Ladies' 14-inch boots 5.50 Men's Elk shoes . . . . 4.00 Ladies' Elk shoes. . . 3.50 Infants' Elk shoes, 1 to 5 ..... . .. ... . 1.50 Child's Elk shoes, 5 to 8 .. . ...... .. .. 1.75 Child's Elk shoes, 8';;2 to 11 . . . . . . . . . 2.25 Misses' and Youths, 11% to 2 . . ...... . 2.50 Place stocking foot on paper, drawing pencil around as per above II· tuatration. Pass tape around at lines without drawing t ight. Give eh:e usua lly wom. IDEAL FOOTWEAR For Ranchers and Outdoor Men .. The famous Clifford Elkskin -Shoes are lightest and easiest for solid comfort and will outwear three pairs of ordinary shoes. We cover all lines from ladies,' men's and children's button or lace in light handsome patterns to the high boots for mountain, hunting, ranching or desert wear. Almost indestructible. Send in your orders by mail. Take measurement accordin g to in~tru ction s . Out of town shoes made immediately on receipt of order. Send P. 0. order ana state whether we shall forward by mail or express. SALES DEPARTMENT . Llano del Rio Cotnpany 922 Higgins Building, Los Angeles, Cal. �::..................... +++t•+t•++++++++++++++++++t•+++++++++++++ ..... ........ ++++++ ++++4-++++++t ..........::. . ~~~~~ ! i i I I I CONTENTS II i + ;+ + Ed itorial Comment. By F rank E. W olfe . . .. . .... . Page 5 :++ ; By·Prod_l!ct of the Fight. B y Morgan Smith ..... . Page 9 l: + : :l: + : + :l: :l:+ i :~ + + Business-Legal' Stealing. B y William Th u rston Brown .. . ... . .... .. .. . .......... . ....... . .. . Page 1 0 War and the Red Cross. ; ; + By Jam es P . Warbasse . . Page 11 ; + l; Must We Carry a Bundle of Hay? ............ .. ... Page 13 The People Are Soft. + I' By Euge ne V. Debs ..... . .. Page 14 Soo~:,~:;'" fo: S~•k•" of So":" By ; G E Page l4 Colony Celebrates Anniversa r y . . .. . ... . .... . .... . Page 15 , ~- •l< Scenes at Llano del R io Colony's Annual Cele · brat ion ..... .. . . .. . . ... . ... .. ...... . .... .. .. P age · Hi ~ ;l: Fellowsh ip in Work. •l- ~ :~ ~· •l< + :~ •l< + •l< + + + + + ; + •l< •l< ~· + + + + ~· + •!• '.• By Harvey Ar mstron g . .. . .. Page 19 Socialism Is Coming .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ......... Page 21 + Woman ( P oem). By Ode ll T. F P-llo ws ...... . . .. .. Page 23 + To Our St. Anthony (Poem ). Slams at Shams . . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. .. ..... .. ... . ... !'age 25 The Temple of Gold. By Rabi ndra n ath Tagore . . . <: Page 26 CARTOONS ~· •!+ •!+ •!+ •!• •!• •!+ •!+ •!+ + •!+ ~· + ~· + •l< •!+ ·:. •!+ ~· + ·:· •!+ •!• •:!< I Dy Chas. \V . \Vood . . Page 24 •l< + * Murmurings in a F ield Hospita l (Poem). By Ca rl Sandburg ..... . .... .. .. . ........ . .. . ... Page 24 One Year's Achievement . . ... . . .. .... .. . . ..... ... P age 28 •!+ ;... The Soldier Who Wouldn't . By A. Ne il L yon s . .. .. P age 22 + .,.+ + ·:· •!• i Prevention of Conception. By W illi a m ,J. Rob inson , M. D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ....... ... ... . . Page 20 His Protecting Saint .. .. .. : ...................... Page 4 Made in America .. . . .. . . .... ... . -. ........ . ....... Page 7 Modern Science and Prehistoric Savagery . . . . .. . .. P age 9 How Long ? .. . . .. . . ........... . .. . ..... . ........ P age 12 The Sultan "Over the Water" .......... .... ...... P age 22 • ii Ii ! I : ! : ·:.+·,.......++·:.+·!·+.:·++·:.·:••!••:.•:.•l-•!••l-•!-•!•.:••!••}to!••!••l- ·l-•l-•!..·~·~·:.tt•·:+·:+·:.·l-+•lt{••l-·1-~.. +·:.·:.·:.·:.·:··!••!•++·:.~·!•4++-t•+++·l-+~++++++++++++++++ �4. The Western Comrade HIS PROTECTING SAINT \Yilh elm: "Are :r.ou, too. comi n g to congratulate me?" Death: "I do not co m e to congratulat _. you . hut to prostrate myse lf before you and take your orders." -Sucuo•. Va/parallo , Chi!. �THE WESTERN CoM:iADE Devoted Political Action VOL. III to the Cause of the Workers Co-operation Direct Action LOS ANGELES. CAL.• MAY, Llano del Rio Colonists Chopping F'i r ewood b\" l "se of a Gasoline NUMBER 1 l<~n glnl) E D ITORIAL COMMENT By Frank E. Wolfe T il EODOHE HOOSE\' ELT has dcnoum·ed tilt· pr:wc mO\'l'Olf'llt or t liP Amrr·it·an WOlnl'D , headt•d by .J a Ill' AddamR, as ' ·silly and hasP." II f' dt·· darrel that tl1f' sympathizrrs with thf' movPment al' t' in many, if not. all. instances, "physical cowanls" _ and declare<; tl!r~' adYI'c-nte prace "without rrg-ard to righteowmrRs. '' ln a ldter written to a woman who IHirl appealrcl to him this nmazing SPlltPnt·•· ap Jwnr·s: 1 "Aho\·r :tll it is hasp and evil to clamor· for· pPar-r in thP :thstra('t. \\·hrn silent·r is kf'pt ahout l'Oncretc anti h~dr011s \\Tongs donc to humanity at this Yt'T~' moml'nt." Jlors P.oosevPit rdt·r to thP h ideous wrongs clon r to the millions of disPlnployetl and hung-ry worknr·s in :\mrri•·a ? DoL'S hf' J'Pfer to ·onr daily war ~ IS it thc daily hell of the c·apitalist syRtrm hr has in minct ? Has hr n thought for the \\TOngs donf' to t lit• Yidims or Ho.·kL·fL•llt•l' in •tilt• ('olorado masS<'('I't•S '! :\'ot at all! That is why it is amazing. H e iji t•OJll'rr·nprJ nhout thP outr·agl's in ~lgium-and so n n· Wt'. But \\'{' sr r othl'r outnq~Ps and other wrongs. Lt·1 liS quott• thl' Colorwl agnin: "There is nothing rasi<>r, thPre is nothing on the wlioll' lt•s;: \\·orth wliilt• f'ntt•ring into, than vague and hystt·ric·al dt•marHls for right in tliP abstract, eouph·d \\·ith the unworthy anti timid refusal even to allndr to frig-htful \Vl'oJJgK that arl' at the very moment c•ommitted in the t•on r rete. '' ln this w e most ht•artily c·oncur·. It r·eminds us that whil e h e was (Jo,·rmor of Nf' w York, Roose velt Wl'llt aho11t prPa(·hing ahstrad ri g hteousneRs, while th p contral'tors who Wt'I'P huil (ling' the Croton aqueduct Wl'r't' c·omm itting " frightful wrongs" against tlwir· c· mplo~·f's. rdusin!! to c·omply with the State �The Western Comrade Lahor laws. When the conditions beeame ~nbear­ ahll· tlw nwn were forced to strike. Governor Roosenlt pansf'd in his preaching about abstract righteOll'itwss Jon!! enough to !Wild the militia out to shoot f)IJ\('11 a clozr•n or more of the workers. + to!• + A S for· "physif·al c·out·ag-P," it sounds well from :t man who puhiir·ly lwastl'd of shooting a fleeing: and urtarmed man in tht> hatk; one \\·hof'r great :Jt· h if• l'l'fll<'ll!s h:t l'f• lH•t·n typified hy slrooting a mot h1·r moniH·y in th(· jungle. l'h,vsit·al c·ou r·ai!t'! Lt>t 's S('l' about that. Is there 110 •·oura~P sho\\'n hy thesP ~~·omen-hy all womrn 1rho n1·•· tl!t~ motht•t·s of' thf• n1c·p 9 LPt -:\Irs. Henry Villar·d, "·llO trif's tf• o\'t'l'iook the lJOa<;ter's "had tllllllllt'I'S, '' \\'!Jilt• pointitl:,! tllt'tll Ollt, hal'(' ('hanr:e :lt. ltitll: ·' ( 'oloru·l Hnost·\·,. ]t 's d\'llUlll'iation of' tlw -\Yollllltl ·..., l't·a\·t· party f•omr•s with a had gnH·t· fron1 one wflo is fflp JHISSf'SSOI' of tflt' ?\olde J>riZ('. \Ve aJl know th:l1 it is tr'tll• th;tt militarism-uot pea(·P-is Ito\\' tht• :ti:n ol' ltis :tllll1ition-v SOI'l'~· onr·, ind(·••d, in l'it·W oft lrP Jll't'St'llt wnrld-:tg-on~· whi,.Jr -.;t irs t!H• so ul~ of :!II thnst• \\ ho lo1·t> thvir f't·llow ht·ings. "~lr. Hoosf'l't>lt PX:dts ph,vsi(·tll hr:t\'1'1',1'- Slll'h as tht> killing- of t>nPmiPs hPf'liiiSP of a tliffPrPnf·l' of opirtion-ahon• lht> mo1·al f·o.uragP that scorns the nst> of' llll'llllS so hasf' for any purpose \\·hf!ten·r. "Has tltP \\'OI·Id sunk .;o In\\' that '"'' ('an not hopt> to snhstitute for· thP 'doing of f'Yi] that good nw,v t•omP' :111<1 'an ".V•' for· an t',Vt' lllHl a tooth for 11 tooth' the touehing dodrinP thnt \\'P must Jon· onr Pllt>llli(•s an(l do good to thosp who JWl'SPt'Ut ,• ns ~ · 'ThP ht>I'Oi(' pfl'ort now !wing mndf' hy thr womPn ·of n II Nlllllt t•ips to rorn0 togpt hPt' at Thf' TlaguP, in or·dl't' to I'X])l'Pss tlwi1· hol'l'OI" of thP lu·ntality of \\'Ill'. is wol'thy of' all praisP. \\·orn('n arP far ~reat\'1' ~itf­ ft'l'\'l's fl'ntll war t h:1n llH'll. and to•l:t~· th,,~- at'\' ,·oirin~~ p1·otP. t againRt it. a p1·otr'it that "·ill hr ht>ard . ·· :\lr~. ,\mos Pinehot. who is eha imwn ot' thr :\'pw Yo1·k ht·:nwh of thr \\·oman·. Prare part~·. puts the finishing ton<'h to the rphnkr whf'n she . nys: '·That war is thr natm·al inf'vitahle r«'. ult of l'<'rtnin umlrt-standnhl<' faetot·s. nnd that tlw. r fador. a can be influenced by the pread of health~-, l'Ollstructive, humane ideas, and especially h~- the rt>alization of a spirit of world-citizen hip in politic and in commercial relations, seems not to have occurred to Colonel Roosevelt. In other word , war lun·ing up till now devastated humanity and shattered t•ivilization, Jet us make no effort to unde r tand it causes \vith the object of future preYention: let us simply g_e t ready to fight, and let the women . tnnd out of our way, because they can only hear children and not arms, and when they organizt> to p1·otest against war they f'Ome mH.lrt· the head ot · physi(·a l (·owards, ' who' fpar death Ol' pain or discomt'n1·t ht>yond anything else.' "It is exactly here that \romen find tlwit· sti'Oil!-{est warrant fo r protrst.' No woBHlll who has horne ehildren can he c-alled a physical eoward. fpar·ing d(':lth and pain he~·onrl an~· tlting t'!sr. "Xo, it· is not for ourselves· that we fear, hut for the ehildren of the whole world. fot· the futut·e of thr l'lH'l'. We of the ·woman's Peace party arr trying to hrlp open the first tiny wedg~· in the thi(·k walls of p1·,.judi('e and JH·erP<l ent . to lf't hum:mit~· (•orne into its pl'Olni~wcl land of good faith ~111(1 intP mational ln·ot hrrhood. "If we human brings OIH'P see that war is thr f'Onsrqnenr·e of false idNls instPad of hPing 1'1 fatality like an earthquakr. we sltall set to work to root it out. likf' tnhcreulosis and other fliseases, all of tlte11t (·onsf'f!lH'm·c·s of human ignoranrP, misundr1·~tandin~ n IHl passion. "If this is futiiP, thf•n nil (·onst rudi\'P rfforts feit' tht· IH·ttPrmPnt of human living arP also 'futile·. sill,v antl hasP.' " H l':'\DHEDS of unhuri t·d hnfliPs of' l'it·tinL.; of !Itt> dread typhus fi'HI' !if• in des1·1'tf'd houst·s in Sen·ian f'itif·s. OnP t o wn has had on·r 2000 dt·aths. J n YaljP\·o, wher" .\ ustr·i:m soldiers ht'ld thP town for a time, the pr•oplt• l'P11ll'llPtl to thr·ir hom•·s to find thPm infer·tNl. Suhstantially thP t·ntit·r• <·Ommunity i.· inYolntl in thr• fli.·f·ase and thf• fatality is ,-t·ry hi~h. En•1·.ndwrP tltt> ::!ra,·p digg1·rs 11r•· exhaustc•fl in .-ft'ort.· to kt•Pp up with t lw gh11stly �The Western Comrade ,,·inro\\·s tl11·own hy tht> grim reaper. The armies sp1·•·:t d th·· disease into th e remotest districts. Nontoml•a t ants. \Hllllf'!l and children are the most sus<·•·ptil,J ,. H!Hl thPy sn<·L·nmb hy the thousands. This 111'\\·s ,·omes aft<·r \\·eeks of suppression by the censo1·s. ~o"· a corps of ~\mrrican physirians are going to E11rnJH' t.o usc Dt·. Plotz' nc\\· anti-typhus serum in tl~t· distrid r<l\'il!!l''' by the disease. \\'ith the new "''1'11111 tiH·~· hop<' to destroy the dn•ad bacillus typhi•·X:ill1l!t·tnHti,·i. J>J"tz 's :i<·hil'\.l'llll'llt IS <li'I'I'Jltl'd b~· all the Pllll111'111 l•:ldl·l·i•Jiogish of the tountry . He is an .\nwri•· :111 '"""II <tl!d ,.dtll·:ttt·d. l'ndL•r· the old s,vst1·1n tl~t· ltistorl;•n \H!tlld han• gin•n Yon Hindrnhurg two J~<lgi'S and Plotz not n lin<'. The new systl'm " ·ill intnlort;•li"" thl' Plntz•·s :tnd i!!IIOI'<' <it· rxeoriat e till· 111lll'li<-l'<'l''i. S l'E.\1\L\' (; of <·Olll't'<'lc \\Tongs, what of the :W,OOO ttiJII1<ltTi<'d \\'0111<'11 of England who \rill within t hi' Jl(•xt few months lwtome mothrrs of nallldt•ss l•:tl~t·s ' ]n Germany, Franee, Hussia aud other t0\111· tri .. s n lih condition doubtless exist&. Acr·ording tn •·altle dispatd1rs. wo1nc•n and girls follow thP ~wi­ d i<'I'S on the marr· h a IHl are wrought up to a high pitl'lt of emotionalism by the war. .\nny doctors and clergymrn who arc studying till' situation f•los .. Jy, dPtlare that vast numlwrs of !!iris are nnclct· th<' inAurnec of a spec:i<•s of hyst<•ria. 'l'lt1·.Y t>Xpl'l'SS tltl' oj)inion that thl' \\"llli1Cil arl' :tttnll·t!•l] by the physi<·nl 1wrf•·•·tion aud the trappings of tl11• soldiers. \\'at·'s aft<Ttnatlt \\·ill hr most pleasant , hut \\'P <;ltonld giH thong-Itt to aJ,..,trad (or is it (•Onl·n·tP)_ rig-ht•·onsn .. ss an<l ho\Y to C:o<l 'swill in thrsl' matt<•rs. T HE prosprrity squa\\·k in thr daily newspapers t ;t!\l·s on a semhlanl'<' of truth when it comes down to fad-; ahont th•· opening of ammunition fadotit·s in Amet·i<·a. Full crews are operating in nll th•· institutions \\·lter·e man-killing implements ar<' tll:lllltfadun·d. (:ambling in food stuffs gors mr·r'l'il~· for\\·ard in 1\r\\' YO!'k and. Chicago. ln t:nrop<' tJt, . fil'}d., lil't\n·(•n thl' trenches, tlw earth 7 and the timbers have been taking on a peculiar yellowi h hue, due to the chemical effects of the shells charged with smokeless powder, the product of the Ameriran Powder Trust. There are thousands of thesl' AnH•t·il'an-inade slwlls !wing hurled across the ~fADE "The devil! IN AMERICA You Americans are surely sentimentalists." rn,cription on shell rea<ls, "Brave Germans, we pray for Junathan' u Uup \Vurks, ArrtPrlca.'' ~-~,u~ Lustige Blaetter space between the belligerent forces every hour. "The Ame~·icans mal<e good shells. Our losses from them have been very heavy,'' said a German officer to an Amcriean correspondent, as he scraped the yellow coating off a timber of a bombproof retreat. This \\·as a delicate compliment and we should be duly apprec-iative. \\'<> should also he glad prosIH'I'ity has returned. M + + .+ Al'llii\ERY of the F-4, Unit<'d States naYy suhmat·ine, that so SH(·(•(•ssfully sank that it eame to the sUJ·farP, is ll~ to },e in cxcclll·nt I'OtHlition. That may he, hut the fifteen mPn of the l'!'ew who per·isherl miser·ahly by slow asphyxiation or drowning arP not in good c·ondition to he of further s<·t·,·i<·l•- as snilors. A lettrr from Jjie11tenant Bde, who was in command of the submarine, showed that it was !mown that the craft was leaky and unsafe. He is said to haYe <lcc]at'(•d his hclicf that he and his rre\\· would mrrt their dPath if the craft was ordPrcd to sc:-1. Thrs1• m\'n were l<illcd owing to JH'Yl'J' �The Western Comrade 8 somebody 's negligence. But let us not grow . insistent. Punishment of .a murderer will not help the ease. A better way has already_been provided. A nation-wide memorial service, flowers, a hymn, a prayer. and brief speeches by "our best citizens," "Solemn thought and devotional exercise." Five minutes to be devoted to solemn thought! Great! We're for that! If we could get the w01·kers of the world to devote five minutes to thought there would he no more F-4 's o~ any other mankillers Jauncl1ed. + W + + "We have had our political reforms: our l~w and order and we have prosperity-for the few. These are not the Me.xican ideas • •·. • the !'lexican. aspiration, conscious. and unconscious, is for a prosperous people :.: not ·a prosperous class, but a prospe~:ous ,and happy life. for all. OUR PEOPLE WANT .T HE LAND,· the people,. the peons, too: and they wan·t leiSure and a : life of pleasu're: not only a few, ,.but all. And we ·c an have that. · Our country is .v ery' rich ·'and very beautiful. But we know that we ·cannot get those things by mere political reform or by set!ing up representative congress. That,s one big point where I differed with Villa. He wanted go,·ernment first. But I said: 'No, the buzz.ar:d's ~hat · are ,sitting around watching and waiting in New York and El Paso, in London and Paris and l\Tadrid aud H-avana: they are the modern doves of peace; fh<:::v. will come with loa'us and-' he flashed, .•,\,ith bribes and they will get our government!' " ·we .will fight 'on and on for all that we want ; :dl. Tt is a people that is fighting. And we are all becoming poor, all; all-. togethe1·. There · are fewer and fewe1· that can afford . to. make loans· and offer hrihrs. • • • All the whilC'; we on our side are leg-islating. l\Iy cahinrt ar·~ f·ommissioners; they join '"ith other·s, experts and radicals, and ve1·y deliberatrly, very fr·eely. th ey a1·e drawing up laws, which I am uttering as d trees . . By the time the _revolution is ovr1·, those laws be laws of the land, ·customs of the C'Ount1·y, a t'Nll ronstitution." a HA'f are you reading.? .Ar·e you wasting valuablf' hour·s submerged in daily newspapers p01·ing ovPr th<· diurnal pabulum 'of scandals, "prosperity" news 11 nd the Enr·opran war ? Don't! If there is one subject above all othe1·s the Socialists of Amcrica should he study in~ it is the l\Iexir~m situation. 'J'h<> t·onfusion that t>xists in the minds o£ the people of' Amt>t·iea a1·ises out of the fact that th e Amt•ritan pt'<·ss has l'o1' years, either stupidly or vieiously, mist'f'J1r<'S<>ntt•d thP situation in :\lexieo. 'l'o get a <·orr·ret foul!<lation for· understanding you should !'Pad "'l'hP 1TPxiean People- Thri1· ~tl'llg-gle for Freedom," hy L. U . D<· Lnr·a and Etlgcumh Pinr hon. Thr n you shoul<l I'rnd <'Y<·r·y \\'Ot'd 1\Titteu hy John Krnneth 'l'u t'Mt' in his s('ries of powerful at'tiell)s now running in tlw App('r(l to Rrason. Rrad T.1incoln St('fft•ns' stor·y in tht> }fay uumiwl' of thr ·Metr·opolitan Magnzine. No li,·ing '"~·it t>L' can <·onvry io you in a ft•w wor<1s what ~t<'ffPns (·an of the t•ral motivrs that· underli<· thr action of th e r<'\'olution;rr·y M' rx i<·nns. Ll't us quote CH tTanw Hs rr• por·tNl hy Strfl'<·ns: " \\'hat you doll 't undt'I'stnntl, T now appears the thic,·es who looted the Rock I think , is that this is nn rconomit, not a politi\'al • Island Railway only got away wi~ about a third rr.vnlution. You (A me,·it·ans) krt>p asking tt'> to of a billion dollars. The lawyers for . the manipula<•stablish prarr. fit·st, th r n fiet up eonstitntional go\·- to1·s (capitalist emphernism ) carefully explained to "thl> guileless itl\'estigators · that there had been rrnmt•nt, and t'tC'n emwt onr r·cfoi·ms. * * * We rstahlishrcl a good, strong govei'I1lnent with a ''merely a mistake of judgment. '' A strange feature great constitution; a const itut ion much mor<' ad- developed in thHt the niistakes in judgment had only vanced 1han yours. But yon fo1·eignrrs-all of you, made other persons poorer. The pri on doors yawn and our HJ~p <' t'-t·lass 1\T(,xic'ans- the enemies of the -fur· the hungry lad t hat ~teals · a banana. But then Mexican peoplP a nd of lihrrty and justice e\·ery- he should }farn to manipulate and do it on a large where-thl'y rorrnpted Olll' gOYl'I:nment. Th ey took scale. Steal a banana ship line and you are safe-it away fr·orn the l'IT<>xicnn people and made i't thei1·.. hut don 't daliy with n fraction of fruit. ,,.ill I �The Western Comrade By-Pr.o duct of the F'ight By MORGAN SMITH HEN Calm Reason, the cop, finally ha the eombatants by the collars and they are shame-facedly trying to explain why they did it Rnd what they have gained hy it, the real, magnificent issue is going to r·cn•al itself quite unexpectediy, the real i>~sue is, and then the combatants are going to point to it with the g.reat self-riglJtcousnPss, and t_he cop will let them go with the stern injunrtion that they ncYer do it again until . they get all ready and feel just lik e it. Way back in the Gr·eat Ice age tliis cop had these samr little t hin~s to deal with and the unexpected justificatio}is nothing new to him. Homo Priscus was troublesome in the Y~ry same way on the very same grounds. Homo Priscus had some sharp pieces of. flint and he used to cling to the flanks of the wild horses and stab them with the flint until they dropped. Sometimes hr would kill a dozen horses in a day and when hr lay down at night Calm Reason would grab him. "\Vel! , now that it 's all oyer, how many of 'em did you rat'" thr f'OP would inqnir·e. Thrn Homo Priscns would hang his head, until th e GrPat Jssn c popped out of the night. "Therf' you 11re !" Homo Pr·isens would always say, sticking out J•is chest, just RS th e powers are going to do. And the cop would hR\'<' to slink away with th e w11rning- th11t Homo Prisf·ns nHcr· do it again until he should he all ready 11nd felt just like it. Br·11ins! Th11t 's the c11usr.. RYolution! That's the issu e. Th r r·r were very few men in the age of the Great Tee mrd tho<;c that th ere wer·e lind a roving, nomad's life. They fought with e11ch other quite informally over flint pits 11nd casual damsels. And the winner took the disput ed thing 11nd the loser went away or stayed there, as the case might he. And all the animals and birds looked on and remarked that it was only a couple of men fighting. Then the men began hunting in packs and there were more fights. By that time they were using spears. When a fine young doe would cross their path t he whole band of them would fire away. When the quarry • fell each man'c!aimed his spear had done the wo.rk and most always there was a fight to settle that. Archaeological discoveries reveal that Homo Priscus adopted the novel scheme of putting a sign on his spear that would settle thi question. The man whose spear had struck the mortal blow no longer had the fight t wice or trice before he could eat. It wa the fir t mutual benefit o iety and it wa the fir t Rul of Order. The mutuf!l benefit society worked wonder . Homo Priscu found that by co-operation he could di' pute almost anything with $e other animal and bring home the bacon that he couldn t })ring home if h were working independen~y. Jie fQU.nd U\at ~e mutual ben fit ..._ ."'\."- ·· '--.... ~IODEH :-J ~Cl ENCE AND PREIDS'l'ORIC SAVAGERY The Professor : "Together, my dear Herr Caveman, we should be irresistible." society enabled him to stay in t,he same cave and still eat. lt was no longer necessary .to roam. By cooperation he could get the game even when the game was wary. So he colonized and co-operated successfully to keep the wolves away from his stored meat. When Homo Priscus settled down conditions became more favorable to multiplication. "Why, bless my soul and honor, I'm multiplying," aid Homo Priscus. And for years after that, if any- �JO T e WesteT Co Tade body inquired why he settled down and fought the wolves in place of traveling and eluding them he would aMUllle a great deal of self-righteousness and ay he did it 80 he could multiply and compete with the other animals in numbe1'8. A8 Ilomo PriSCWI or Homo Primigenius multiplied there arose more and more impediment ro the colonized existence, but he said that be could eat roots and fruits if the other animals could, so be acquired a taste for them rather than become a nomad again. He also concluded a truce with the wolves and the horses. They ronned a triple alliance of strength, ferocity and brains. :Prom that time on the animals watched man inrm!aRe until he surpassed them all in numbers. They watched him acquire feet, wheels, and wings. They RIIW him destroy a forest by a magic sparli: from his Hint. f.ioon after the Triple Alliance was formed the idea of "Fight for l<,ight's Sake" first came into vogue. l\lan had a fairly r·asy thing of it and all the faculties of his hrain wc·re not employed. Sa he went in for Hports, aud the first sport was \Var. One colony would Rwoop over the hill or stream that divided it from the next eolony and they would have one glorious time. When the gam of War got to big league size several trib s would combine against other tribes, particularly if th y had lived apart long enough to acquire racial away. And thus it went with brains, Man was born brainy; the war h had evolution thrust upon him. In the fi h he developed a finer brain and this expend d i lf in th development of the .figh just it should do. H v.ing eome, willing or u;ftwilling to uprema y amon th animals by means of hi_. brain man had in tb ours of it, develope<l an uncanny thing that would not t. Having developed at the behoof Qf supr macy th brain automaticslTy w~rked .in that direction. When this war for upremacy is ov r and th op, Calm Reason, ha. hi· defi, the king and mp ror will have something they dl:d not aim at. Th y will luw a • beautifully organized government control. The ' ill have demonstrated that the thing can b don . .And, . having evolved· this 42-centhueter engine of upremu y, it will be pointed, after the war. in n dire tion that it new owners dictate. It will he pointed at the thick walls of caste, trad.i tion, ana punctilio that have forti· tied dynasties and oligarchies since the time that Nero burned Rome for fun . And when Society is supreme it will look around c~~racteristics. One time one of the delerious victors grabbed a with amazement at the things it never aimed at. A prin ss of the other side, in his excitement, and car- good ·many people who fought in order that they might l'i d h<•r hack home. After that they would say, "Let's own land may discover tliat the idea of owning land go ov rand get another princess or king or something," has gone completely out of style. Some wh~ fought nnd th fil·st thing they lmew they got to thinking that that they might rear their children the way they thr. whol delightful thing was over the possession of wanted, may discover that they no longer have a word the other mun's princes or the reprisal following the as to the way their children are reared. When o<'npturc of your princess. They would take away ciety 's restless, struggling brain has rendered iyutr·cosures and destroy crops: It is no new accomplish- preme over arbitrary control, it will busy itself in the m nt to contriv a moral as the cause of a war. They fight against everything that preys upon its well-being, ns d, wny bn k in those time , to explain that the and it will discover that some of i!s bosomest acquaintnuL were retaining their art treasures contrary to ances are its enemies. justi f' ond right. o they would go over into Gaul . And Calm Reason, the cop, will ~er be waiting at the end of the fight to nab somebody, but he will not nnd tnk th tr a ures away. · hen they would come back with the spoils Calm . nab. The unexpected justification will always be just R.en on would grob them. Then they would point with behind him. I,ong live The Fight I JJ~siness-Legal Stealing By WILLIAM THURSTON BROWN T lll<} li etht that i now ri ing above the horizon is r('v nlin th fact that what we have been acu t mt'd t ettll busim• i onl tealing made legalthat e mm ree i nly piraey made re pectable by law, tl1at re,p tnbility i f r the m part a th.ln veneer mad nee · ry t maintain the immoral distinctions t ela that religion i Ye~· largely hypoerisy and statesmanship the art of proving the virtue and value of a vicious system. There comes the same divine summons to freedom and fraternity now as of old. No diviner or authori· tative voice spokE.> in Palastine ages ago than speaks today in the hope and faiths and longings of the common people. �The. We. Co Tade War and the Red Cro By JA lES P. WARBA ~~~~!!!!;'~ HE forces which promote war oftm~: ~e found running parallel with the humane impulses which would relieve ufferiqg. Tne soldier has for his functions to destroy life, to maim or otherwise physi(·ally incapacitate those of his fellowht·ings who are ealled the "enemy," and to dPstroy prop<>rty which might be of h<>lp to his oppon(•nts, and to appropriate from all soun·cs what 1'\'t•r may he of aid in these operations. To suc·h 1·11ds are 1·nlistr•d all that science, art and skill can prot]UC('. .\Jodt•m war (·ontinuefi until one side ot· the other has lost so 111 :111~' l i \'es, has so many Iauman beings int<IJHt<'itaiPtl. and so much property destroyed that the remainin'.!' Jwopl e ar·p no long-t>r willing to ventur·e the hazar·d of !.c·ing t· ;tll cd upon for· fur-ther sacrifice of tlrl'm;wl\·(·<;. 'l'!r e rt•mnant of th e nation then stops t hP \\' HI': it eeases to Ji~ht, and the war ends. ('prt a i11 t•xte mal ageneics l<eep war going and postpOll(' tlrl' a rmisti<·P whieh would bring peace. One of these fa•·tors is th e pr·ofit which th e noncombatant nations (·an mal<t• out of the bleeding people. Anothet· fnetor· is fonnd iu thC' Ht•tl Cross and the noncombatant activities allied with it. Though tbe first of these is plll'l'ly ec·onomic, th e Hc>d Cross is no less its accomplice iu kec>ping \nHfare aliYc. Thus we witness thr <;pectacle of the United States, with sauctimonious h_vpOC'risy, praying for the end of the \\'Ill' :ls a sort of Sundl\y performance, and during the> weC'k tlll?S lending its good offices to big business to send ow·t· to th e soldiers grains, meats and other food -. tuffs, guns, powder shot and shell, to keep the slaughtet• going- all in the interest of profits. We lay upon om· souls the unction of neutrality by supplying munition. of '"ar to either side. '!'hen come the R ed Ct·oss and its allied neutrals, . with weet-Yoiced nur es and bandages and sheets and pillow-en. es and goodies and soft beds, · with the assumption that it is mitigating the horrors of war. However mdch it is mitigating the di comforts of individual warriors, one thing i certain: it is prolonging war ; and war i. nothing but horror . entimentalism, combined with a conf11sed ethical en e which.. calls for impartiality, rc ults in a neutrality which promotes T war. The faet can b grasped by a imple mind that, if it help one ide in warfare., it damages the other ide. We need yet to pu b our mathematics one tep farther E :md dem trate that if we help both dtuna both side . The commercial and entimental neutral if thQ were really intere ted in mitigating th horrors .of Will\ would employ their·en r.gie to end the war. To end war is the be t way to mitigate war. l'h 1 t thiu that one who really lo e.. hl fellow men, and who trul reYolt at war would think of ,vould be to go into battle ''ith a double-edged word :ana fight again t botJ1 ide . Thi ·1 what onr neutral are dding; and when we look upon the co t of one day of it w mtty calculate what will be the cost of· the n xt day- the oo t to both ides, for both ilre dnily lo ing; and in the nd • both are de tined to be lo er by the ag..,.regnt of their days of warfa,re. . Were thl' · n~utr.als desil'ous of mitigating the hot'· l'OI'S of \\'111', instead Of maintaining m I' Jy a COllllll l'· eial and scuti·mental interest in it, th y would be a t. ing more reasonably to thro-iv ull of their help upon on sidt> and <>nd it. War continues so long ns th drunag at·e fairly halaneed. lt ends whrn the balan e is lost and an unhalanee of damages take its place. 'fhe soldir,· is a person who go s fot·th to kill his fpllow man. 'l'he hope that Ir e maY. kiJ.l but not b killed !'ends him on his errartd .. He is not only a coldblooded murderer; he also is a gambler. He hop s 'to do his unholy business, come off with his life, and be ever after proclaimed a ''hero. ,-, Society with its nationalism, patriotism, race hatreds, militarism, per. verted histo1·ies which glorify war, and the international qut•st for commercial profits, creates the soldie1· - tlw dupe of war. 1f he knew that he were to fare a hatlly as he hopes his "rmcnry" vrill, he would not go. The nearer to one hundred per cent the mortality of warfare approaches, the less will b~1e enthusiasm for its "glories. " ; lf th e mortality could be brought up to one hundt·ed per cent the problem would be solved, and war would cease. · Do the activities of the Red Cross make for the abolition of war or for its perpetua. tion ? If the man of fighting age refused to go to war, or if l1e was proclaimed the hero who bad moral heroism enough to stay at home and do his work and refuse to partiripate in the miserable business, then the problem would be solved. Does the Red Cross, which ruBhes to the front to keep alive this "sport of kings, .. make for war or peace T We may contemplate with amazement surgeons and nurses attempting to save lives, and at the sam.e tit11..e �The Western Comrade 12 working in co-operation with murderous men, equipped with the newest appliances of science, bent upon destroying Jives-all zealously striving together. Perhaps society will some day look back with wonder upon the anachronism of surgical skill, with its infinite pos~:~ibilities for human service, occupied daya;nd HOW LONG1 Lucifer: "It seems to me, Eternal Father, this war should be settled before lortg. There have been so many trespassers against the l<~ifth Commandment ('Thou shalt not kill') that I am running short of fuel." Suce!'iOS, Valparaiso, ChilE> night in r·estoring to efficiency the butchers or llll'll, that they may be returned to _their cruel pur·suit. J.Jet the participating Red Cr·oss doctors not ht>guilc us with the (']aim that they are noneombatants. and inspired only by IO\'C of humanity. vVe shall not he deceived. They are a part of the pr·ogram of war. ·when it is over·, we shall ·find them parading among A its '' herQe '' and accepting the recognition which is acoorded to tho e who went forth to kill Were the impelling mQtive behind the en timental neutrals one of love for humanity and a burning zeal to sacrifice them elves for mankind, there are ampl~ fields yet unoccupied in the struggle for life in every land. In our own country the preventable deaths in the econo~c warfare for livelihood and for profits are quite as appalling to the discerning eye as those of the European charnel. l!ere are the unaided hurt crying for help-hurt by machines. and dust and poisons and rotten railroad ties and .insufficient food and crowded slunis-h~rt' becau~e somebody i~ ·making .money by withholding ~iahtful human protection from them and robbing others of the. wealth that they create. These suffering and dying ·m illions go down to their !!raves without the stain of their f~Uows' bloed upon their hands. They a:re soldiers in th~ world's warfare against the forces of natui·t>, enlisted to make the world more pleasant and life more livable. They stand for . . . ' life, and not for death.· f'hey need all the surgeons, nurses, Red Cross Rtocl<ings, and shirts that are now consumed by the blood-thirsty men who go forth to slay the husbands o.f innoce~t wives and the sons of !?uiltless mothers and. the fathers of weeping babes. The answer to this social riddle is here: War is a ruling-cla~s game. It is the affair of kings, ministers, imperialists, and the capitalistic seekers for markets and economic aggrandizem~nt. The. Red Cross executive, doctor, and nurse prefer the approval and applause of this so-called ''upper class.'' . To give themS<'Ives to the cause of the lowly .and of the exploited poor with the abandon with which they can giv.e themselves to the cause of war would mean also to court the disapproval of those who have the wealth and "honors" to hestow. The money-giving public prefers to support the warfare which appeals most strongly to its dramatic sense. The exploited •poor, on the other hand, in the industrial struggle have nothing to offer hut- n doubtful gratitude. "Let us not be deceived. There is no neutrality in war. All parties to it are warriors-the R-ed Cross sur·geon, the nurse, the sewing woman, and the priest. War is the consummate social crime. It is something more than hell; it is the crucible in which a social system is tested and found dross. 1\TOTlON picture drama that was produced in J;os Angeles several months ago is still enjoying an unprert'dented popularity despite the fact iliat an.v thinking person could not hut regret that t~e producer. had show!,l sueh poor taste in the selection of his suh.i<·d. The play is falsely called "The Birth of a Nation." 1t is based on Thoma Dixon's unspeakable book eallNl "The Clansman." All the way through the picture stor·y it is an unfair and outrageous attempt to holstl·r up a dying race prejudice. That the public should enthusiastically pRtr·onize this .plea for hatred and contempt of the negro race forms a sad commentary upon ihe. education, or lack thereof, of the rising generation.-G. E. B. �The Western Comrade 13. Must We ..Carry a Bundle of ·H ay? The Western Comrade reprints this remarkable editorial from the Milwaukee Leader in the hope that the reailers · of this magazine may give It serious thought-thought that may some day ripen into action. California Socialists particularly should give themselves over to a few minutes introspection. We are proceeding with state and national constitu: tions which, from the face of election returns a vast percentage of the party membership do not believe in or approve. In view of this fact should" we not make a start here and now to readjust our organic law to fit the needs and desires of the membership and of those who believe in. the pl'inciples o f Socialism, but who decline to be bound · and restricted by our dogmatic and narrowed rules and laws?-[Editors.] J UVENAL, the famous Roman writer, te!Js us that the Hebrews of his day would not intermarry with other people. They did not eat with others, and when traveling they even carried a bundle of hay with them to sleep on. Why 1 ·F'or fear that they might be polluted and lose the true faith of Judaism. Juvenal intimates that the Jews were vet·y mucb despised and hated hy other folks on that account. \Ye know of similar customs o~ other Asiatic sects, particularly in India. Every sect, holding to a certain dogma, whether religious or political, is of necessity exclusive. A dogma is largely a matter of fa ith, not of fact. Orthodoxy can not afford to let its faith come into contact with th e faith of othPr propl e, lest it may become weakenrd or losr entirely. This holds good for orthodoxy within the Socialist Party. \Ye have in our national constitution the following provision: Article X, Section 3. The platform of the Socialist Party shall be the supreme declaration of the party, and all state and municipal platfOi'ms shall conform. thereto. No state or local organization shall under any circumstances fuse, combine or compromise with any other political party or organization, or refrain from making nominations, in order to favor the candidate of such other organizations, nor shall any candidate of the Socialist Party accept any nomination or indorsement from any other party or political organi zation. No member of the Socialist party shall, under any cir cu msta.nces, vote In primary or regular elections for any candidate other than Socialists nominated, indorsed or recommended as candidates by the Socialist Party. To do otherwise will constitute party treason, and result in expulslo·n from the party. \V e believe this orthodox provision is untenable. It is stupid because it helps the enemy, undemocratic because it disfranchises our members, and unsocialistic because it is anti-social. in spirit and practice. Th e Ameriean Socialist Party is the only Socialist organization in the world that today holds this position. W e have inherited it from the old Socialist Labor ' ' - Party. And the experience of th e various reform partie~> in America- the Green backers a no the People's Party - which were fused and swallowed up by the Democrats-has a tendency to make ~uch a provision popular with former Populists, especially out \Vest. Greenbackism ahd Populism had no economic basis to stand on, howe"ver, and would soon have gone out of. exist~nce anyway." ·_A party which believed that a government can create values: by printing money could not live long. And a.,party with the cardinal principle of unlimited coinage. of silve,r at a ratio of 16 to 1, so that farmers could get a dept:eciated silver dollar for a bushel of wheat. weuld natural"ly cease to exist as . soon· as a bushel of wheat would bring more than a dollar in gold. But there is absolu.tel~ no excuse for a movement which is based upon modern machine production and the concentration of wealth,· and is, therefore, .in accord with the t~end of ecOI)emic evolution, to cling to any sectarian tacti"cs. ·w e need not be afraid that anybody will "steal <nir principles." Vv e a lways must stay loyally with our organization and vote for all candidates when we have a ticket. We remain a part of this commonwealth, however, even after our candidates have bee':! beaten at the primary. No class-conscious Socialist will ever advocate. "fusion " with any capitalist party. That is impossible. But why should Socialists be disft·anchised, whenever it is impossible for them to have their own ticket Y Our worst enemies profess to admire. this "splendid isolation.'' Th ey do so because by our silly tactics we paralyze our political action and voluntarily withdra~ in their favor. • Th ere certainly is a great difference among nonSocialists. There arc those who are fair to the working class and friendly to ou r aims, tho~h they do not belong to our party. There are those who are willing to go with us a gTcat part of the way-the part still far before us- . even though th ey arr not willing to go the entire length of our ''final aim.'' Now why in th e na.me of common sense would we he forbidden to vote-after our o·w n candidate has been <'liminated at the primary-for those who are friendly to us¥ · Why should we he forbidden to accept their endorsement before the primary? Or must every Socialist carry a bundle of bay to sleep on, lest he hr contaminated and lose the true faith T �Th e Western Comrade 14 The People Are Soft By EUGENE V. D EBS are always more or less "hard" for the T HEgreattimesmajority of the people. There are alternating periods of hard times and times still harder, but there is ncYcr prosperity for all the people. There is aiJsolutely no excuse for hard times in the United Statf's. We are at the very center of fll.bulous and inexhaustible riches, enough for' all and a hnndt·e<l tinws more, and in the very midst of these we are unable to feed and clothe and shelter ourselves. and we present a spectacle tragic enough to make stone imngrs shed tears. At this ,·ery time, A. D. 191G, the times are l1ar:der than thr·y have ever been in all the 139 years of our nat.iona I existence. 'l'he l'iational Congress, supposed to represent th e people n nrl provide measures for our security, comfot·t nnd hnppinf'ss, arljourned in the very midst of the most paralyzing pauir~ in the history of the country. When this Congress a<ljour·necl. one-fifth of all the productiye worlH'r·s of the nntion were without employment, mill ions of them and t hri r· dependent ones actually suffering, hut the political statr of eapitalism, decadent, ohsolrtc and wot·sr than useless, could do absolutely nothing for them. All it could do was to vote hundreds of millions for pork lHII'I'rl rntcrprises and spend the rest of the time filibustering and in other political palM~er- · ing which had no more relation to the actual in<lustrial conditions of the country and the economic necessities of the masses than the croaking of frogs has to the failure of the potato crqp. The fact is th.a t capitalism has collapsed and that the p.oliti<}al state' of capitalism is par'a lyzed except in · the functioD; of .creating bogus .issues oyer which to humbug the people and keep .them divided ~nd fighting sham battl!ls while they are being bled by the ·vampires that have . seized upon the nation's ·industries and control th·e government with no other object in view than to perpetuate their ~wn plutocratic piracy and keeP, the people ·in poverty . and subjection. 'l'he times are hard only ·because the people are soft. Socialism niakes it cl~ar as the noon-day sun why the times are. hard whether the Republican or Democratic party is in pow_er, and whether Roosevel.t, Taft or Wilson occupies the exep~tive seat at Washington. Socialism prop-oses -that the industries of the nation shall be taken over by the nation and operated by the i1ation for the b~nefit of the whole people, and when this revolutionary change has come to pass the people will never again know the blight and curse of hard times. Sound Advice For Seekers of Success By G. E. MORAY STTNoSTILL! matter who tells you to "keep moving." (This does not in clud e the cop!) Everything comes to him who sits still and " ·aits. Did you ever see a rich man who made a practice of going up and down the street, looking for profitable opportunitirs and chances t<> invest money Y On the contrary, he gets an office, and sits down,· like a spidrr inside its web, to wait for some genius, or inventor, or man with ideas, to come along and seek an interview. H e sits ~t ill while the man with ideas gets down on his knees and wails and laments, and entreats the patient rich man to take nine-tenths of all the profits, and provide the funds-the good, glad golden fundswith 'cllich to develop the great idea and place it upon the market. Or our investor, while sitting still, loans his money to active ·men, who have plenty of ambition, energy and gumption, but who have been unable to accumulate monev. a11d are willing to pay the sit-still, spiderlike individual a large part of the proceeds of their toil and effort just for the privilege of !laYing possession of ·a portion of his money for a limited time. In this way fortunes are made for the man who sits sti ll ; while the poor man of actiVrty hustles like the Devil. · If you have money .to lise, and want to make more, evet·ybody, and everybody's brother will come your . way and tell you nice stories of dollar-ous opportunities. You can reject all that are too visionary, too progressive, or too intelligent, and ·choose those that are modeled after the old schemes Noah used to explain to the monkeys when he made his famous shipbuilding experiment. Then bank your money securely; or keep it in your pocketbook; keep your pocketbook in your pocket ; keep your band upon your pocket; and SIT STILL! �Scene at .Jackson's Lake Basin Where Llano del Rio Colonists ·Have· Bunt a · Conservation Dam Colony Celebrates Atiniversary -~==n NI'l'El-WA'l'ION~\L l\ray day will always have a double significance for the residents at the Llano del Rio community. It will be obsencd in the future much the same as it was on May 1, 191 5-as thr. annh;er ary of the founding of the co-op rative colony and as the ·world's labor day. c 1 bration for 1915 prond a great success nnd nrou t>d enthnsia m in the colonists and ,.i itors. l'"t~obnbly no communit. in America eYer flew more •rim, on hnnner . In fa<"t t h!' only rt> triction a a coloni t • pr ed it "a the lack of more textile fabrics f t•rim u lme. day· port on · ted of a erie of race ba k th~l gam and a ba ball game between the , iugle men and the married men teams. The former \\'Oll to 7 ud the young ;vomen took full credit on th lt Ul\d that their rooting md singin~ inspired the ' ' b : to i ht. deed T rand n ue de ball proved he hi!rll tide ew t m , i ) life at he ~on..v. The la ero d at had t-Yer hi at he dub bo ·oyed o .? or ··. T eoufl)!;;tuiau~ were varied than on for!ller occasions. Prizes wer aw rd for best costumes and best sustain d charact r of th evening. Frank Farmer as Charlie Chaplin provad a. IJOUl'<i of delight to the children and contipuou11 am.ua nt to all. Miss Aileen Ware gave an exhibition of fanoy toe dancing and followed it with folk dances that ca • tivated the hearts of all pres~t. The child rov d a most charming and graceful performer and her dainty but strong portrayal of parts in difficult dane 8 will long be a source of inspiration . o the other childr n of the colony. The other diversion in the everung's program of dances was a song, "It's a Short, Short Way toLl n /' by Dan Rooke, rendered by the LJano quartette, a violin solo by Frank H. Wa:re. Motion pictures were made· under the direef Frank E. Wolfe, with Chief Rngjnur Ea71e a amatem operator of the motron pietu e "''1u·~.~:u The pietnres proved a snuea an.d will be the l'E'ffi. so that Soeia&ts iu other parliJ lJf ean see- their eom.rades at the J.Jlano em:~rummi1ty adion. TJv.- g raisin e:eremmtria of W. A. :Engle, Ybo �The Western Comrade Ul Tractor and Llano \\"om en's Study Club. These Colonist~ Are Taking an Active Part !ri Department of the Community Educational Sce11es at Llano · .d el Rio Colon Earl E. Glass, Chfef Engineer, Operating Motion Picture Camera Girls' 50-yard dash. The members of the athletic events where they were entered. times are popular with all ages tn the eommUJIJ will be taught to swim when the big open-air ~ colony progresses other features wlll be added I �The Western Comrade 1 111 111 IIIII ,J,,.,. j I_\' Llano Community in Motion Picture Scene. Costuii'Ie!J, 'Setting and Action Show Wonderful Possibilities for the Future. At1nual lVIay Day Celebration I teams won nearly all the prizes In ~he tennis, basket ball and other sports and pasAccording to plans, every child In the colony In course of construction Is finished. As the the enjoyment of both young and old. B. I. Roland as "Queen of the May" Added Much to the Merriment of tbe Carnival lT �1'8 The We ter-lfJ, Comrade Here iewed the history of .all e flags d :d elt :peeially on the one hanaer that stands for tl.h.e real universal broth.erhoo,d. At tbe end of the peeehes the flag was run up t<l the masthead on the new pole and the orchestra played and th.e a embly ~- ""The Red Flag." A Rcore of bright tongues (}f scarlet appeared over Teams and Children In the Parade bungalows and tent houses and three cheers were given and the formal part of the program was concluded. The parade was of unique character in that nearly rvcry rc8ident of the eommunity irrespective of age or oecupation participated in the march. Only by l'Ountcr· marching were they able to see what was going on. The parade was intended -to show the growth and progress made by the colony since its inception. For this purpose the original colonists, composed of Job Harriman, Frank P.. McMahon, William· A. Engle, Dnvid J. Wilson, .J. L. Stanley and Leo Dawson, were in the lead in the parade. They rode behind "Dolly" and ''Dick,'' the two horses owned a year ago. Then followed the colonists of today, something over 300 in number, in wagons, trucl{s, automobiles and on other 'vehicles, farming machinery or marching four abreast on foot. Member of the Llano del Rio Women's .Club filled three of the larger vehicles. The school children to the number of 75 rode in the autos in the parade. I~eading the divi ion was an immense tractor with a big red. 'flag ''at th-e foremast,'' as a former sailor expressed it. It made an impressive sight as it carried a cargo of bright-eyed girls who surrounded Horace Farmer, the driver, and carcely _gave him elbow room to steer his c-umber orne machine down the main street. Llano communi ts are oppo ed to war and e pecially do they oppose war taxe . Despite thi - faet they find themselve unwiUing bllt extensive co:ntriburtors. One week's donation for decumentary revenue :tamps ran over $100, Of thi one deed alone took a 50 tamp. ~ This marked a deal which i of e greates't i po ce to th eolon,y. It mean the C'qai ition rof abt>ut 1000 including land that earry mos't wd able ;a~r righ Thl raneh has bout 120 ael' · of nne alfalfa and. 20 acres of produein,g orchard h ide liV< '~ and .implements. Thi aequi ition i of the utmost unportanee · to 'the coloni who are jubilant over th~ success of the long negotiation for thi place. teadily the colonists are gaining in the acquisition of land and water in macbin ry, livestock and on other material and interest that i of great value to them. L. A. Zachritz, who is foreman at the Big Rock fish hatchery, i ited the Lo Angele office and reported excellent progress at the colony's trout fishery·. He says the 60,000 fish hatc)led several weeks a~o are in good condition and are rapidly assuming the form and semblance of the beautiful rainbow trout. They . are about·an inch and a half long. The salmo irredeus is indige.n ous tOo these mountain stream and the cousins of the colony's fingerlings are in the stream that flows in front of the hatchery. Comrade Zacliritz says it required great caution to care for the young trout and that the most danger comes from the possibilities of over-feeding. · The new engine for the power plant has been placed in position and connected with the bench saw, band saw, the planer and sticker and with! .a wood saw. Bill Schnitzer Teaching the .Girls the Art ot Buck and Wing :qancing There is more than sufficient power to operate thi8 mach.in·e ry. The 70 school children of the Llano school have been moved to most ideal housing in mow-white can· vas tent houses. This wi1l be their home until the end of' the summer term. At the beginning oi the fall tenn it is expeeted the new school building will be rea.c:/' for them. ( �The este-r Prnden(!e 8toke8 Brown, who wiH take eharge of ri ool in California and orw of the important departmen of the educational taehed to divwon of t~ colony, is taking a course of tnlinimv-~ utul.cr the penwnal diredion of Dr. l1aria .YcHH;eG~totl people in the colony within & month. went to tisit her pa.ren in Los el a week Horace Farmer obtained the younaer et of office foree had an h ur • the wurt house. H erbert anl • )fellie ~filler wert' the first to marry. Re ident Llano -del Rio oloni ar r t &.11 to Comrade Adolf Lofton of L w- ap, Wa bin t n f r a donation of 77 nluable book ~or th Llan Librar . The selection of the e . olume i a tribnt to the int l~ Iigence of the donor: The. i)lclud two valuabl Ladles' Ha"e.-"And the Eartb Trembled" cyclopedia , the Library of Original ur and oth r important reference works. Every 'book will prov f • 11f It al,v. Dr·. :\IontPssor·i will r emain in Southern Cali- Yalue. Many books have been donated. but thi group l'ol'llia a lrout f'o ur· months and during that time Com- is the most valuahle 'that ha been add d to th f >W r·udt• Br·ow11 ll'ill r·outinut• the <·ou r·se UJHlee this famous original books 'possesst>d h:t th<> co-operativ . 'l'hC'r f I'll l'f1 (' I'. ar·e S<'VPI'<tl hunrlrt>d hooT;:s in. the eounty librat·y d Ll;tnr, dr· l J<io Colon~· will ha\'!' the second : \[ontes- partmcnt of the colony ~ibrHr·y. Fellowship in Work By HARVEY ARMSTRONG Hl'fit·lt• is Wl'ittl'll ft·om a sense of appreciation, T illS pr·omptt•d wann and grateful feelings to the by st r·ou ~ llH' Il a rill seu. ihi e women who Ita ve not only t·stuhlisht·d thl·msdves upou a permanent basis, but throu gh thl'ir· 111tselfi. h industrial effort, have made. it possihlc for· oth ers who are not yet wage-slaves to add till• it· lu hot· to the car·t h and thus star t to build at the nt·~, founrlut ion of all wealth. Tl' you wnnt an ocular demonstration of industrial (•Q·OI <> t•nt ion, in the a<>tunl workings, go at once to ),Jnno del Hio :olony, in th e Antelope Valley. 'l'hcl'C ~·ou will find nhont :300 men and women who own th •ir wn job and the tools with which they work. ffCtting th • full produ<>t of their labor. Can you bent thot . But t hut L not all. 'l'h r the~· Ill'(' happy hcaltlty and hopeful· with n implltlt>nt hill-coil ctor to bother them; far rem \' t•d from tht' hurl. -hm·ly of the artificial cities, in , d' opt'll cbuutr~· right on the land. And they have f und within ne hrit>f yNtr a Ya toe and freedom th t m.nk them loYc it. Tb ugh thPir pl ndid effor thi same ~'desert' i, ·;yt•t tC4lWt' me the dimple in alifornia smile. Ju t lt'. e r a four men, with love for their fello ;nu 'll }~ted tb t partieular valley in which they and tb ir . u quent eo-partn eould each plant a bli h them in life. all re in a high ideal and have an economic inter est iu the success of the colony. Each individual there has a sense of communal duty toward th e colony as a whole. 'fher·e is the ideal or broth 11'· Gurr, the Only Real Fat }fan, Wlf!B the 50-Yard Duh hood and a -solidarity not to be found amonJ8t anr other group of workers on this earth. They have laid the foundation weii. Suceea is assured. The experimental stage is safelr pa.ued. And now they can confidently push aBide the eu.rt:ains of the future, and look down the corridors of time far enough to see their life-long dreams come true. �The Western G_o ·m rade • Prevention ·o f Concep ton ·m By WILLIAM J. ROBINSON, M. D. T is very easy to write on the S'ubject of a man with nine children. In fact, as he has only himelf or himself and wife to provide for, he can be more the voluntary limitation of offspring for an orthodox audience. For to an· ortho,. . independent, he can afford to wait; bu.t when there dox audience our line of I'easoning is are several h~gry mouths at home crying for bread both new and novel, many of the argu- the man is apt to accept anything that is offered him, ments are shocking and therefore inter- and it is a we'll kn.o wn fact that fathers of big families, • esting, while the incontrovertible fact& esi>ecjall~ where ·the children are not yet earning a which we present and! which to us are living, make very poor strikers. so old,f"'O very old, come to them as eye-openers, as There .a re c~~rades of ' another class ·whose objecinspire'd epoch-making truths. It is v!!ry difficult, tion to the prevention of conception propaganda is, . however, to write on the subject for a radical audi- as mentioned, of an entirely different, of an opposite rncr, e~>prcially if the radical audience is also an in- character. Not being entirely devoid of common ense, tellectual one. One fcPls lik~ constantly apologizing. thE>y admit that a . large family of little children is a For it scc•ms impossible to imagine that the arguments curse to a workingman, and that his condition would which you have to present in favor of the voluntary he greatly improved 'f he could control the number of limitation of offspring, the proofs of the benefits which his children and 'the intervals of their appearance in it would eonfcr and of the evils which it would obviate this world . But that is· just what they are afraid of. should IH· unknown to radical readers, or tha-t they They are afraid that .if the mater·ial condition of the should not lw in full agr·cemcnt with them. Still th ere working cfasses is mllterially improved, they may lose is a va li(l excuse for speaking on the subject of pre- their revolutjo'nary spirit (which spirit is a pure myth ) vent ion 1o Socialists. Th e excuse is contained in th e and sink into the slough of self-contentment and obese f'a<·t that 1he attitudr of many Socialists to the subject s11tisfaction of the bourgeoisie. And what will then undrr discussion is one of indifferencP, while many become of the revolution 1 Yes, and many comrades ~ood romrades speak of it snecringly or with ill-conw11nt a numerically large proletariat. For when that terTihle hloo'd y reYolution hreal{s out, we want to be <·caiP<l if not open hostility. This indifference or hostility, when not due to a hie to send a large prolet11rian 'llrmy against the capithoughtlesflness-people are not enthusiastic over any talistic monster. These ·good comrades take it for mensure to which they have not given any considera- granted that the proletariat will necessarily be on tion-is due to two causes, which, stt·angc to say, are the side of the revolution. They forget that a large, of 11 diarnetr·ically opposite character. Some good com- lwngry pr·o!Ptariat is pften mor·e anti-revolutionary rndrs arr indifferent or hostile to the small family than is the hourgeoisir itself; they forget that the slum propagnnda because they do not believe that a one or proletariat, or what our German friends call Lumpentwo child system will in any way improve the condition proletariRt, make very poor revolutionary material, of the working class. They are in general opposed !o and it is from this stratum that are recruited the hired ·any measure which has not the Socialist imprimatur thugs, gunmen, hoodlums an';t hooligans, black hunon it, and which has not for its immediate ohject the dreds, strikehreakers 11nd other enemies of revolutionnbolition of wage slavery and the hringing about of Rry or e\·olutionary progress. the co-operntive commonwealth. Like the good orthoTo enter into 11 detailed discussion of the pros and dox brethren thilt they are, they bring down from the rons of the limitation of offspring propaganda within wall t\H' old rusty .weapon, the ''iron law of wages. '' this hrief space would he impossible. I can only reand tell us that as soon as the workingman has few itPrate my conviction that if· Socialism stands for the or no c•hildren and is ahle to live on less, his wa~es immediate improvement of the condition of the workwill be cut in two and he will be just as badly off as ing class, and not for manna and honey in the vague before. Of eonr·se no sensible person has now any use distant future, then tlw Rorialist Party can engage in · fd'r the iron law of wages. A strong union, a high no more important. no more immediately beneficial, no standard of living and a carce labor market can con- nohler and saner propaganda, than the practic.d vert .the iron law of wage into one of papier mache propaganda of tearhing the pf>ople the means of limitand tear it asunder with~he r atest ease. A single ing the nnmher of thf'ir children. workman can demand and 1ve higher wages than Yon see tha young woman 1 She is pale, thin, ex, } . I �The Western Comr-ade hausted. She has been married eight years and is the mother of five children. 'i'hey take away ev~ry minute of her time, exhaust every atom of her energy. What should we do with her? Teach her Socialism T Yes. But if you will at the same time teach her how ~e can guard herself aga,inst having any more children, you will have done more for her than Socialism ever has or ever will do, and she ~11 be correspondingly more grateful. Socialism will improve the conditions of the people in time to come; the lrnowledge of the limitation of offspring helps today, tomorrow, and every other day. And that is the beauty of it. You need no committees, no organization, no conventions, no resolutions. · It can be spread from mouth to mouth , without any concerted action; all that is requisite is to become convinced of·its great value, of its absolute necessity for the people in our present social-economic condition, both as a -weapon of defense and offrnsc. The Socialist Party, if it adopted the limitation of offspring propaganda as a part of ~ts progr·am, could, through its locals, spread this knowledge like wildfire, and no greater·, no more effective ammunition could he put into th e hands of the people. It would also swell the army of Socialist Party members enormously. This is rather an opportunistic point of Yiew, and I do not urge the acloption of the propaganda on that score, for I do not helieve that the Socialist Party shoulcl be a vote-hunting party, primarily. But where the increase in the memhership is the result of r eal, practical, beneficial work, where the people emhra re Socialism because they sec that.membership means an imm ediate betterment in th eir condition, an acquisition of knowledge, nobody has a right to object. I !mow a young man an~ a young woman, both en- Socialism book on American syndicalism, John I NGrahamrecent Brooks has the to say about Sol~is f~llowing cialism in the United States: "Socialism steadily wins its way underneath all differences. Language, religion, forms of government set no barrier to its growth, because the causes of Socialism undetlie all these. ''The causes have their roots in the discovered excesses of a competitive system that fails to meet the minimum of equality which powerful sections, in these communities now demand. In no part of the world have these excesses been more riotous than in the United States. rowhcre have they been brought mote widely or more directly home to the p1asses than in this coun- try. The magnitude of our area and of our economic r esources have concealed and delayed the exposure. 21 gaged in literary work; they were delightfully suited to each other, and they loved each other in quite the old-fashioned way. They dearly. 'vanted to · get married, but their meager income was .iii the way. They · two could live on it very well; ·but the spectre of numerous progeny stood before them. How could they afford to have several children on their. meager and uncertain income 1 They could not, and in the meantimetheir health suffered; heis even more than his, She' was really becommg a pjtiable sight. . They learned how t!_ley cbuld delay_ ~~d · control the appearance of chil:dren ;.'they"got 'married; her he'a lth became blooming ; and a happier couple it is h~rd to find. And the· woman, who"is a ·.Socia:list, said recently in her woman's. inconsequential manne!, that ,the best thing Socialism did for her was that it gave her means-indirectly, but she might not ha·ve- be~n ah1e to learn it. otherwiseto live happily with the ·man she loved. And she has adopted as hers th e motto: 'rh ~re is no single measure that would so posit'ively., so'immediately, contribute to the happiness and progress of the human race as teaching the p eople the proper means of the prevention of conception. This brief article deals with-or rather hints at_: the benefits of the knowledge of th e 'prevention of conception to the individual coupJe. The temptation is great to dilate upon the influence that such universal lmowl edge would have upon th e race as .a whole, the r elationship of population to . the food supply, · the eugeni c or dysgenic effects of such knowledge, etc. And the temptation is almost irresistible to enter upon a discussion of the effects of the rational control of the birth-rate upon the most important and most ·sinister event of the hour-'-War.-New Review. • lS Coming ·with the opening of the twentieth century the exposure has come. " After three decades of .ohscnre and fitful struggle· Socialism becomes part and parcel of our political and social structure. It no longer stammers . exclusivelyin a tongue half learned. It is at home m every American ¢1.ialect. It no longer apologizes; it defies. Almost suddenly it wins a Congress-man, · fifty Mayors, and: nearly a thousand elected officials·. ''One of our most commanding figures in the railroad world says that the only practical issue now is to• 'stave Socialism off as long as possible.' He is convinced that the first chill of th e shadow has fallen upon us. There is much reason to believe that Socialism in its more revolutionary character is from now on to han its most fruitful field in the T nited States.' r ) �22 The WesternComrade The Soldier Who Wouldn't B y A. N ElL LYO S OW, what they aid exactly I did not ·p'erfectly "::\Ie?" he aid, in an wer to a que tion from the hcer nor can I perfectly state, because I wa in bald-headed man. "_le orf to the front T' ro, port. drink ( arnmoniat f'd quinine ) at the time, and..! am in I don t wanter go to no front. ·I 'm orf o London; I drin~ hririts of niter ) , now. )lay has arri,·ed far ·am; to Ca ~a Bl_anea ~ if ya know where that i ?" soonr·r than I had been led to expect, . ~nd her allied 'I do not. ,. aid the bald-headed man. · frH·ees h<t n~ pffect ively bombarded the narrow of my • · "Then I ·t>·e you : ain't 'tudied pan ish," rejoined n~spiratory Dardam·llt>s. They have likewise clo ed. the ·. oldi r. ~:Tlial: ; a .'pani h cxpre ion, meanin' hoth r·yes. \\~hitechapel iu a common · way o' peakin '. \Yell. :-\o I sat in the cOI'Iler of the railway carriage as I sit rrow- rny shoulders hunclwd, my throat and .mouth inn·stt·d, my ~'Y''s bottled up; ~·ith no means of seeing, srwaking. thinking, or eating, hut i:Jot accustomed to pl:1yi ng thf' harp. \\'<'11 , thr·11, thly all got into the carriage and I <·otdd lll'ar tha t tht>r<' w1·r·e fin· of them, and that four out of 1lr1· fin· m· r·e soldi,. r·s. OuP of t he soidier·s talked IIJtH·h a r:d thP oth1•r· thr't'<' agTP<'d with him. The soldi,·r· who t a lf<,.d mnt·h was t\·idently of London o-rigin. 11 is SJH•t·t·h W<ts in f'c·r-trd with t he accent and intonation whidr is t·u ltin1 t r·d h.v thP inhahitnuts of that eity, and it rl'fll'f'l :·d. a lso, a Lor1d on turn of thought anu philosop hy. I •·ot dd not SPC his fa1·e, hut from what I eould Jr par of it , it \\'ll.S OllP of' tJr osp I'OUild anu rather• stol id f'nl·i•s, h:1 ,·in g a sq ua r·<· hlue ehin and a sinall, aggressiYI' nos•·. and a mouth mu ch \\' or·n . with coutroYersy. ,\nd \'t• r·.v small <•yf's, " ·iril' lr w ere lit with a bright f·tamf'- eitlr er· of ange r or· joy.' 1 don't know· which. No r· do t·s anyhod,v e lse. Tt is th e 'misfortune of th ese fa res th a t nobody ra n evet' make up his mind whether t o tr·pa t tlw m · very seriou sly or se r.e am with lau ghter at t lr <·m. I ·an 't tell you anything about this soldi er 's t!n·ee f•ompnnion s. 1 couldn 't h ear their faces at all. I rou ld only hear t h r ir· names, which wer e Joe, l3ill, anq gam , rel'lpec tively. The fifth disturber· 'of my fevered vigil in that Punch, jolty, sm oky, stiAin g car· "·as an individual of some TilE SULTAN "OVER THE WA'l'EH.'' . Mehmed V. (to Constantinople): " I don't want tq civilian s pec ies. At first I tho~1 ght h e was a clergyman. leave you. but I think I ought to go." 'l' h c·n I thou ght he was a layman, who had cultivated habits of order ; a schoolmaster , p erhaps, or an act~ary or· an a dj uster of sewing machines. I could h ear that that's wh er t> I'm go in '. That ·s where my 'orne is and he had a hald lwad , was clean-shaven and wore pinee- my missus, and a fe w littl e gawdfe rs. I 'm goin' 'ome nez. I crouched a little closer to my corner, and I for 'oliday. I ain't go inter no f ront nor don't d:unn d ec ided to makr him a sewing machine exp ert and well want t o.'' leave it nt that. '' Oh, don't say th a t !'' protested th e bald-headed gentlema n . 'fhen , with my throRt and eyes tight closed, I willed myself. to die. l3ut the will wasn't good · enou gh. I ''But I do say it, sport. If I go to the front, I shall lived. I lived to h ear· the 'hlne chinned soldier fo r swear be killed. I shall be killed at once. Before a ny o' my himself. mates 'er e." �· The Western Co -m rade '' Ob, don •t say that,'' repeated the bald-headed gentleman. "But I do say it, sport; and my friends 'ere know it's right what I say. Ain't that right, Bill ! Ain 't that right, Samf Ain't that right, Joe T" Bill-That's right! Sam-That's right! Joe-1hat's Right! "I'm goin' 'orne for a 'oliday," continued the soldier, "and I got a shillin' in me pocket to, spend on it. That's what they leave me out o' me week 's pay-a f!hillin' An ' me a bloke as 'as always earned a pound a week I'' "What do you belong to ?·' inquired the baldheaded gentleman. '''!\feY" replied the soldier. "l belongs to Kitchrnpr's SpiPndid Army. That's what I belong to. Them wbat you SC<' on the pictures. They overwork us. They UrJd erfecd us. And t hey pay us a bob a. week! " " Oh, c·om1• !"murmured the bald-headed gentleman. " J 'm comin' along quick enough," the soldier astmrPd him . " 'Vhat I 'm trllin ' you is the truth. 'Vhat 's morr, J can say worsr. Th ey don't look arter us when we're ill. I tell you th ey don 't. A little mate o' mine, in the transport, a fine little soldier he the name o' F'r·eddy C:h<'witt, 'c fell orf 'is 'oss the other mornin' Hnd 'e hroke 'is leg, and they sends for the doctor and ' gives 'im two pills. What '1 You can't believe iU Then kcrp tr·yin' till ya ean, sport. Don't intermpt my story. That same night another bloke, a person '} fri end o' min<', a soldier in my platoon, 'e falls ill with earache. They doetor--and 'e comes, and e giv this ch p t o pillsthe aroe ~o pills-well, two pills o th thea This mornin I m a bit out o or sore front an' that-so I go to this am do tor; and 'e does it again-two pills. "arne two pills I Ain that right, Bill f Ain't that righ.t, Joe? Ain t th t right, Sam T" Bill-That's right! Joe-That's jight! Sam~That's right! "Well, there's yar Kitchener' army port. w can h\ o pills cure cvcrythink1 'Ow can th nme two pills cure an- earache, a sore froat, and a broken leg' Well, it ain t coinmon re~ on. Kit h n r ' Splndid Army! Wish I'd never joined it, nor m pal ne th r. Wish I'd never . 'eerd of it. 'l'reat a man like a dog. Overwork 'm. Und<'r feed 'im. Break 'is I gs. Give 'im two pills. Deduct 'is pay. r. .eave 'im a. boh a \Ve k I Coo! ·lt rila1<es ·me go ~osey to think of it. And th n you arst me if T'm go in' tQ the front. Why, I "ood n go to the front for a thousand quid. Why wooden IT Because I got a brother at the front. Ain't that right, Bill? Ain't thatright, Sam? Ain't that right, JoeY" Bill-That's right! Sam-That's right! Joe-That's right! "D 'yeer that? " said the soldier. "D 'yeer what my mates say? I got a broth<'r in the army. I persuaded 'im to join. 'E's at the front now. If I go to the front, 'e 'II bluggy well shoot me. "-'l'he Clarion. Woman By ODELL T. FELLOWS t • Forth she steps in all her splendor, Beckoning toward the coming time; 0 the heart of her so tender! 0 the faith and love sublime! Ever neath the grievous burden Have her fragile shoulders bent,cant indeed, ha been the guerdon That the waiting years have sent. Yet within her, deathless ever, Throbbed the love, divine and pure. Wrong and grief could cru~it never,Born to conquer and endure. Cleaving to her cruel master, Aiding him the heights to climb; Triumphing o'er all disaster, She has stood the test of time. Once did love, a strange rare blossom, 0 · r her life its fragrance shed; On<:e th re lay within her bosoiQ, weet tmd fair, a childi h head. But the love-dream quickly vani hed; Childle at he at her gate. · ~ n her hort-li ed joy wa baui bed By the ternn of her fate. Now behold the vision glodou.s,Man and woman meet at last Side by side, to stand victorious 0 'er the errors of the past. Naught of mastery or slavery Shall the future aues blight, W oman' lo"\'e and faith and bravery,These havP won the age-long fight. �T h e W e s t e r n C o m ·r a d e 24 • Murmt.irings tn a Field Hospital By CARL SANDBURG (They picked him u p in the g rass where he had lain two days in the rain with a piece of shrapnel in his lungs.) C O :'liE to nw only with playthings now . . . . A pidur·r· of a sin g in g woman with blue eyes ~tundin~ at a f1•nr~P of hollyhocks, poppies and suntlowt·r·s . . . Or :tr1 old man l rPmPrnhrr sitting with children telling stor·i t·s Of days that 111'\'t•r· happt·Iwd anyw here in the \\'Or!t I No more iron cold and r eal to handle, Shaped for a drive straight ahead. · Br·ing me only bealJ,tiful: useless things. Only old home things touched at sunset. And at the windo~ one day in summer Yellow of .the· new. cr.o ck of butter Stood against the red of new climbing roses And the world. was ~-ll playthirigs. To Our St. Anthony By CHA RLES W. WO OD 0 ,\:\TilONY, St. Anthony, we humbly bow to thee, To th.v most hol y i~norallt'(' aud matchless purity. Thou sPizt·st our ma~azint>s, hut eYen though we've missed 'em, 'Twas for our nwr·a l uplift that we huilt th e postal system. Oh, s pt·Pd th. ~ day, ,,.,. pra.v thrr , to that pur·t· aml l'irtuous t> t Hiin~ Wltt•n al l sha ll he as dull ;!'> tht•t• and Natur·c'll quit of't't·nding-. And dost thou not, dear saint, percei\·e a great contamination " In books about the doings of ~he vegetable creation Y Thy holy mind, undoubtedly, must view with eyes askance . Those dreadful, lewd directions how to fertilize the plants. Oh bl es·s us, saint, ·with all the v irtuous ignorance we need, 'l'o k eep our minds protected from the secret of the seed. Prott>d Ot ll' hrnin s, dear st upid saint, from P\'e r·.vth in g th at's human, Espp(•ia!ly from thr lo:-rthsomc thou ght that we were horn of woman. Oh, speed t hP d ar·lo1C'Sf\ r hat shnll spread from :\la,.jJJe •·lea r clown to Tt'Xas, W ht•n no ,\ nwrit·nn s hnll luww thr sec r·ct of th e sexes ; Whrn a ll sha ll presnpposr. IYith minds foreYer frr c f r·om sin, That woman's shapr docs- uot extend fa r down helow hrr· chin. We trust that t hou wilt drape the curs that wander past our flat And put at least a fig leaf on our neighbor 's Thomas rat. Go ouj into om· pastur·es, pl ease, and civilize the h erds ; 1\nd whil e thou 'rt at it, Anthony, put pants upon the birds. • From horTid sights of Nature wr \Yonld be forever "'-free; Jf nrrd he, gougr our eyes out so \\·e 'll he as blind as thee. Unsex om· dr·ama , Anthony, hy taking woman out ; Destroy a ll a rt ; for goo<l nes.<; sakr, put liter ature to rout. Burn all those a wful hooks that tell how chickens come fro m eggs; Burn all those awful pir tnres wh er e the "ladies a ll have legs. And may -our postal laws, d ear saint, drop h eavily, ket1hug, On every sexual referen re to man or brute or bug. And when thou 'r·t finished, Anthony, with art and N attire, too, And all that's male or female has come under thy taboo; And when at last all things in sight are stamped with thy approval, Or· r lsr with some anathema that calls for their r emoval ; \\re hope that thou wilt guide us wher e our sinful nature fails, By stamping every woman with: "Excluded From the Ma.les. '' - The Masses. �T he W ·e s tern Co m rad e Slams at Shams What 'II we do to the paragrapher who says Przemysl held out for quite a spell? No, Hor·tense, we do not know who <·onverted the Prinz Eitel Frede.r ich --possibly Billy Sunday. *eapture ** While th e of Przemysl was without doubt a great achievement , it can scar·cely be call ed a prorJOunel'd victory. ** ':~ A po••t philosopher said: "The world knows what two know . '' If this be true, what of all the seer·ets that just two know '! ~int·<· the Sulta11 's d eel<rt·a tion of \rar, the Tur·kish da ily newspaper, the lkdmn , has issued nxtras hourly with red ink st·ar<'ltcads. From the rP!·k lPss ap])l'Hranee of the sheet the <·Jitors don't eare a ikdarn for ex]WIISI'S. \\'ht•ll th e attxiliarv emiser· Pt·i11z Eitr l Fn·deri eh <·utt•r:ed the ?-Jot-folk harhor·. Boy-Ed, naval attache, hast<·nf'd from Washington to consult with t hr (·nmmanJrr. Dispatchl's do not statt· \\'hl'th<'t' Dot·- Yak \\'t•Jlt on hoard. -- -With ThPodor·e Roosevelt t ea r in g into Bryan's diplomacy, or laek tiH•rpof, in t he :Metropolitan, and Bi ll Taft gf'tti n g in on t he first page of the ~aturday Evening Post with a t rrTifie <·t·itie ism of \ Vi lson 's spendthrift policy, t he ad111inistn1tion m ust he boiling in its own grease. •I ~- I ' ! ' I , I , d Will ~ve you up-to-date Information about The Socialist Movement The Labor Movement Co-operation Exploitation W ~ges and Hours Unemploymenl Child Labor Woman and Labor Industrial Accidents Poverty · ;-~ \l agazin c writer's are maki ng much of lTPn r·y F'ot·d ~ s "horse-sense metho.ds of making_men out of crimina ls." A for· ce of eigh ty men ar e k ept busy in th e fa ctory "sociological departm ent' ' looking after t h e r ecord of the Pmp]oycs. 'l'he s pace w r iters fail ttl mention t he fact that Union men and Sot·ia lists nrc not worth ex p erimentlltg upon. • Tltt: Hi~h Cost of Living W :llite S~avery Cl\iine ·. · · The Old Parties The ?.rogressive~ Syndicalism . Concentration 'of Wealth Th~ Trusts Profits . So~'ialist~ ~ Office and many other things of interest · to Socialists and student s-too many to · mention: It has been compiled by the · INFORMATION DEPARTMENT OF · THE SOCIALIST PARTY and is the most complete reference book of that character that has ever been published. Bound in flexible cloth, 350 pages. , T hr Br·itish admira)ity annoutH:es t ha t Britis h· picket boat's h ave sunk the Br·itish submarine E-J::i. 'l'h a:t may be H strong hid fm· first pla ce in th P wo rl d's d tampion hoo h class, but i t " ·ont win. Th e U. S. navy sunk thr battleship Ma itw last mont h in t hr basin at t he Brpoldyn mwy yard. \\' c sti ll· hold t he b elt. * * THE SOCIALIST CAMPAIGN BOOK 'FOR .1914 50 CENTS A COPY. • THE WESTERN COMRADE $1 PER YEAR SPECIAL COMBINATION We will send you THE WESTERN COMRADE for one yt~ar and THE CAMPA I GN BOOK FOR $1 .25. Add r ess Circulation Department, 924 H iggl ns Buildi ng, Los Angeles, Cal. Th e B ritish Columbia F ede r ation ist Room 217 Labor Temple Vancouver, B. C. $1.25 Per Yea.r Issued Weeldy R. P a rm P ettl plece, M an agi n g Editor A labor paper unparallel ed by any l abor paper of Can ada. E n dorsed by t h e VIctoria Trades and Labor Cou ncll and N ew W estmins t er Trades and Labor Counc i l. Official organ of the Vancouver Trades a n d Labor Counc U and B rltlsh Colum !Jia FP.deratlon of Labor. T he pap er f or Ind u str ial Unit y, Political Unity, St ren gth a n d V Ict ory ! It you d o n o t take this paper you should subscribe tod ay! T elephone Home A-4533 Hom e A -2003 Main 619 HARRIMAN & RYCKMAN A . J . STEVENS Attorneys at Law 921 Higgins Building Los Angeles, Cal. 306 South Broadway Dentis t Room 514 Los Angeles, Cal. �The West ern C omrade The Temple of Gold . By Rab.indranalb Tagme Here's One Magazine You Want Charles Edward Russell "The reason why I advise all persons that believe in a f ree press to sup port P earson's A1 Of!,azine is because Pearsoli's is the only great magazine that is free." Pearson's Magazine is the . only magazine of its kind. Its form enables it tqdepend on its readers alone -on advertisers not at all. It can and does, ther.efore, print facts which no magazine that depends upon advertising for a liYing can "afford" to print. It does print such facts every month. Every issue contains the truth about some condi tion which aff.ects your daily welfare, which you want to know and which you can find nowhere else. . Besides, it prints as much fic tion and other entertainment as any general maga-· zine. If you want one radical magazine to live and grow ,subscribe to Pearson's. Pearson's is the only big magazine in America in which the Socialists get an equal opportunity with others to present their case, not occasionally but in every issue. The case for Socialism is presented by t~e leading Socialist writers of America, including Allan L. B enson and Chas. Edward Russell. One copy will convince you that you want Pearson's. On the newsstands, 15c per copy. By the year, $1.50. Here's Another Magazine :Vou Want The Western Comrade Th e only illustrated ·socialist magazine west of Chicago. It Is <'Xi'ell cd hy none in America. Hundr eds of subscriptions are 1 :,·oming in from Socialists who are anxious to keep in touch \\'it h news of the d eYelopment of the Llano del Rio Colony. Onr :1im is to make t he magazine better and brighter with each issul'. Subscription by the year 1. COMBIN'ATION B~· speei:1l :1rrm1gement with P earson 's we will send you THE WESTERN COMRADE and PEARSON 'S MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR $1.50 Addre. s Cireulatmn Dept., 9?A Riggin~ Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. "SIRE, " announced the ervant to the King, ''the t. . rarottam never deign to tep into your royal temple. He i singing God' prai e under the tree by the open road. '!'he temple i empty of all wor l1ipers. · They flock round him like bees round the fragrant white lotu . leaving the "'olden jar of honey unheeded.' ' 'l'he King, vexed at heart., went to the pot where Narottam at on the grn . . He a ked him, "Fathet·, why leave my t emple of tlte golden dome and it in the du t out ide to preach God's love ?" "Because God is not thet·e in your tPmplP," said ~a rottmn . · 'l'he J< in!! ft·o wned and said, ''Do ?OU !mow '20.000,000 of gold have J~een spent on that mar vel of art, and . the temple w:1s duly consecrated to God with costly rite ?" • "Yes, I kno\,·," ans\,·ered I arottfim. "It " ·as the dread year, when 1housands of your people lost their h omc·s in fil·c and stood at your door fo r help in vain . A11d God said, ' The poor creature who can give 11 0 sheltet· to his broth ers would aspire to build my house.' Thus he took _his place with the shelterless under the t r ees hy the road. And t hat gold en huhhle is empty of a ll hut h ot vapor of pride. " Th e King cried in anger , "Leave myland!" · f'a lml y sa id ·the saint, "Yes, banish m~' wh<'re yon have h11nished my God." Dissappointrnent 'f'h<' c·a r· conductor was a~out to the Tnetorman tWO heJJs to go ahPad . " Wait," shrill eel an unmistakably fc>mininc yoiec, "wait till I get my c:lothes on.'' ·w hPreupon n men and 37 women tur·ned to rubber. A fat woman lifted hct· hasl>et of lan ndr·y aboard. The car went on. ~i \' C Going With Prince to "\ ,·er.v snu.tll hoy was trying lc·:~<l a hig y<·llow dog up the road. '·\\'fwre ar·<· ~'O il (!'Oing to take the do![. my littl<• m:m ?'' inquired a passrrby. "1-l'm goinj!' to S<•c• wherewhere he wa nt1> to go, fir ·t," was the hrcathlei':S reply. �T e es era Coar d- For Profit '' 0 • !ellow• don't know bow~ f'b#i'at, and I hope you von •t J~m, '' ff:iid a groeer, who had J~o«m,bt ~Um~e Jm tf'r from the Llano ~M Wo coJont.t•. ThU. grocer was wHHug to pay ;, cent. a pound more dmu tht' rnarkl!t pri(!f' if he could sel!UI't! Jmttf'!r frmn tht• colony dairy. HiH l~tomirH Jiked the hotter msuJt• fly mt•n und wom •n as guilel~s tllf thmw who work in the colony dairy. 'J'lll'y don 't pot in poison pre'wr vsttiveH iW 1•oloring matter. 1•hey milk~· Jmttt•r 1" t•at and tbPy keep it purt•, 'rhl! i·olouiHtM do not poisou IIH•IIJMI'h'I'H wi1h the food they prod 111'1'. 'J'Jw Jt'HH()Il IWI'InH HO ohvious that Olll' III•Hitati•H to poiut to it. \\'ht•JI thl• rwoplt• of tlw worlcl grt HI'IIHI ' f'lll!ll~h to 1'0- 0 JWI'III (' and ttl pr•od 111'1' food for· uxt• and not f ot· pr·o(Jf II"'Y will uot Joww how to ''ht•Jit 1111d poi ~;on f'IH·IJ otht•r- f'or Pl'oflt : 1o lit• und slt•ltl- f'ot· pt·ofit. 'l'l11• i11d h ·idufils, J.(' I'O IIpf! und nations wi II Ht op 11111t'd!•J•i II J.r I' !It'll ot II t•r- f'oJ' pmll t. _:a Ste~eoptico• Anyone can lecture with the aid of pictur ; th y t ll tb story, you point out the moral. Picture _draw a 'ero . d wh r other means fail. They make your work doubly ffectiv . We tell you how to get the greatest ·results at th 1 n t expense. Send· stamp for complete 'informatio'n. · . ' W. SCOTT LEWIS . Los Angeles, California 3493 Eagle Street. abbler " Itt r OIIHI'I'\'illJ,r tilt• S\11' • •ss of' the Billv i'l1 111dti.V llll't hod~ in 1ht• tna ttt·t· 1;1' t•OII\'I'I'MiOll, 1'111•k !'ii'H'S to Allgg<•st th11t t l11• 11tlt•t11pt lit• 11111d n to npply the Hill Ill' uwt hods to ot IH'l' • hul'(~h t't't't'lllltllit•s 1111d Ill' I h·i t il's pt• po. ing thl' l'ollowin ~ot I'OI'lltllln~;: 11 PnstOI' (t•hl'istl'niug- infnnt ) \\' hut do you wnnt to l'Hll this hunk ot' P.' t•\'AA lHl!ljlfljll', ] o Y' ' Pr•t•sidinll PAl'HOn- ' \\'h11t mi:ernhlt• nmtt J.th·l't·h thi .• kit·t t be mHl'l'it•tl to this A"ink ' The Rt·ill · :F'ntlll'l ''l 'm thl' A'"~' .' lntlnstl'it}ll· l'"hl't' -''. 'lidl', yon h•t•t•n I'Is! 81 idt•!'' Pnssiu~ tlw Plnh' - ' uw 1wro with t ht• it'fln-nwu, von low-lh·ell ti~ht ·\\'~Hl. .'' . •'ntl thl~' " < ll ~l'h110l ,'upt•l'iutt•mlt>ntl'S thnt want ,"' thm, shmtl on IH' lt•!!- .. of ;'1'0\1 littl1• tlin tn :wt1t dl • f ruth ft•h•ml tuul l, mu' .·tm1m1•r ' , day, ~ ~'hitt• iu truthrul .·,wll. • ~r;,·~ l ''" thi.· tl1at 1•om~· what ma~-, &\I'll tltllt•t'': fault • '"" ·,t h•ll. W.- l'"'int"'l rn•t Uh• fal' ,. and fft"a "\-.- '" :- U1an half 8 \\'\'<l'k• ntl m1w it',· ttuih• 8 . h' of yfl"n ~, ''""' ~ _.. "'•'r...' knQ u 1o ~ ~ Gen. Otis says editorially in The Times, of EVERYMAN (By Luke North) " H Ia\\· and ordct·, respect for conventions and property right& are to be maintained in this laud and its civilization ·ontinue<l, publications like EYeryman must be suppressed . . " • And again Gen. Otis says: "It lamentably brilliant pages pervert art to the cunning u e. of ocial disturliers . . . "-and also, says the Ge raJ, still peaking of EYeryman: -'It i di turbing to mental stability." Thauk you kindly, General. I could ask no greater boon f1·om the Lo Anaeles Times.-Luke. EVERYMA <Monthly) -&neb I ue Has an Important Lec-ture or Euay by Clarence Darrow Year .,.1 ..50. Copy 2.5 516 Am riean Bank Bldg~ ~nts Los .An _eles �28 The Western Comrade THE WESTERN COMRADE ~43 Ente red as second-class matter at the post otllce at Los Angeles, Cal. 1124 Higgins Building, Loa Angeles, Cai.Sub•cription Price One Dollar a Year In Clubs of Four Fifty Cents Job Harriman, Managing Editor Frank E. Wolfe, Editor Vol. I~ ~y, 1915 No, 1 One Year's Achievemen t TIll S llttmiH·r· of' the WES'fERN ('0:\1 HADE mat·ks the beginuinK of' th(• thin] yea!' of its publication. During tht' pnst two yca!'s th t' magazine has enjoyed a popularity that r·<m·ly c·onws to t•adicalJ et·iodir·als. It has had its ups and do,,·ns in ;r fi nnn•·inl ,,·ity, hut _has \\'Pat hn••d a ll stor·rns arid now t'll1l'l'I.(< •S, il J't<•J' H Yl'lll' \ llllparallt>JCd finatll·ial df'JH't•ssion in th!• husincss \HJrld , str·o11gt•r n11d ht>tt cr· Prpr i ppt•d for tht> stl'llgglt• tlr;r11 t·H~l· lwl'or·P. SilH·•· .\ lay, l!Jl-t, t lr1• \\'ESTE l{~ ('0:\IIU\DE hns lll'<·n 11ndrr· thP pr·<•s''nl mallag•·mPnt and d11r·ing that period it ltns gr0 \\'11 stt-adil.v i11 popularit y an d •·ir·,·ulat ion. ( 'o llsidt•r·nhl c of' this popularity is due to the fact that I Itt• Srwinlists of Amcr·ica a re pay in g tiiOrt· aftt•ntion to pnwli<·nl ('0-0fli'J'at i \'t• PI! tt·r·pris,•s than ,.,.,.,. lwfor·P. 'l'hr r·pg ul ar monthly story gi\'ing an outline of the progress of the· Llano cl cl J{io CO-OJWrativC' Colony has JWOven a g rrat attraction and has lwPn one of the largest facto rs in inc r·rasing the ('if't•ulation or t.he magazine. In one vcar we havr lllOI'C than {!ouhlcd tl;c Pir·C'nlation and th is has h!'Pil donP without any cries for h!'lp <>I' " hnllyh oo · ' fo r suppor·t. 'I' he only nttPmpt 1o SN'lll'e su hscribct·s hns hPPn hy thP legitimat c- mrnns of <>lnh offer·s and combinations with othrr· Roeia list puhlications. On the ot.h!'r hand rom r·ades at many points h a\'P Yolnntarily g-oiw into thr field a 11d wOJ'l\r1l up elubs and sent in lat'g<' lists1 of subscriher·s and srnt them in with ~trong l!'tters of praise fo r t he mag-azin e nnd encoUJ·agement fm· t lw "'d itors. 'l'wo comr·ades be!'mne so inte r·ested thnt they quietly crratt"d an intt>I'rst in a small hut deYotrd gt·onp of Socinlists with the r rsult that 400 publi!· libraries in t he middle :md west ern statrs, now grt th e WESTERN COMRADE on paid annual subscr·iptions. This is hut one instance of thr int erpst. and en- thusiasm of the comrades of Cali- amounted to just two during fornia. twelve months both. in the same · "I ean sell a thousand a month mail-one because we · were "proif you keep the colony stories go- German'' and -the other because· we ing,'' writes a comrade who is ac- ''favor Engiand. '' tively engaged in SJ)reading SocialRenewals have been almost the ist propaganda in the northern unanimous rule of our subscribers. states.· This speaker sold 115 This is the surest stamp of apWESTERN COMRADES at one proval. meeting. 'l'he WESTERN COMRADE "It sells on sight," writes an-· st~rts in the year stronger' and more otlier prominent organizer.. confident than ever before. We ''The WESTERN COMRADE is w1sh to t.al\e this opportunity to now our best seUer,'' ·de'Clares a thank our thousands· Of friends for pr·oprietor of a large bookstore their encouragement and support. <lC'alin g extensively in radi1!al pub- .,-[The Editors.] · Iil'ations in a large Pacific coast · · city. It a Jabot? .:\II of this is most gratifying and Father's m·eal is cooked it tends to show that the mngazinP · In a steaming casserole is 1·oming as near· as is possihle to \\'hil t> !why's meal is warmed plrasing thr ,·ast majority of ~eath a dainty camisole. Otll' rt'adP t'S. C'anerllntions.- !tan~ Or is 1,ooo Copies Sold pn Pralfcation Orders! SOCIALIST WAR MANU.A L A Revolutionary Interpr etation of the European Armageddon and the Temporary Collapse of Internationalism Contains: IMMEDIATE CAUSES By Louis C. Fraina GENERAL CAUSES By Frank Bohn MILITARISM By Floyd Dell THE ATTITUDE OF ITALY • By Pro!. Arthur Livingston ANTI - WAR MANIFESTOES By the European Socialist Parties " SOCIALISM AND THE WAR By Isaac A. Hourwich, Ph. D . HOW GERMAN SOCIALISTS DIVIDED By William English Walling BRITISH AND AMERICAN SOCIALISTS ON THE WAR Summary and Criticism of articles by Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, H. M. Hyndman. Ramsa'y MacDonald, Hobe rt Blatchford, Victor Berger, . Eugene Debs and Charles Edward Russell. This Socialist War Manual Will Probably Become Historic. Scholarly-Comprehensive--Indispensable Price, 15 Cents a Copy Special Low Rate, bundles of five or more NEW REVIEW 80 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK �T e ester Co d r College Town Democracy TilE questioo of the democracy of Yale and New Haven, as eomf'ared with ~ aristocracy of Harvard and Boston, bas been revived by the Rev. Dr. Samuel C. Bo.sbnelJ, of Bo8ton, a prominent Yale alumnus, and D an .Jon s, of Yale. Dr. Bush.. n •Jl mallc ft public at the banquet of thr~ Waterbury Alumni Association, wlt .. u lw r ecited the following poem: 1 'm from good old Boston, 'J'he hom • of the bean and the cod, Wlwr · th1· Cabots speak only to LoweiiH, And th1• Lowells speak only to God. l>J·. Hw;hlii'IJ sent th e poem to Dean .lolll•H, of the a1·ademic dcpadmcnt of YH ll', who, af't<•r c-onsu lt ing' t he lllliMt'H, wrote bacl<: I l f'l'l•'s to 111(• tow 11 of New ITa\·en, 'J'Ji,. horn e· of th • '1'1·utll and the Lig ht, \\'h1• r·" Clod t all<~; to .Jones I n !Itt• v<· r·y satrw tones 'J'lr nt hi' 11sc•s with ll adl <'y and lhl' if.( ht. Wierd Combine A lllll ll , whilt• wa ndc1·in g in th e villlt f.( • l'CIIl l' 1 ' ry, saw a monume nt a nd r•t>ntl with suqwise th e iusc ript ion on it : "A la wye 1· a ud au hon- Colony Bab Arri es Llano hnitzer arrived at th colony a few day before this magazine went to pre . H t>r parent , )lr. and Mrs. Wm. • choitzer, ha"\"e been in the Llano clt•l Rio Community_ about four month . This i the first baby"born at Llano. The colony phy !cian and· trained nur es were in attend: ance. )lu THE JONES BOOK STORE 226 West First St., Lo Angels, Cal. Headquarters for the best Socialist IJOoks and 1iteratu re. INSURANCE F ire, L ife, Accident, L iabil ity Automobile, Etc. Best Compa nies Lowest Rates P. D. NOEL -PhonesMa in 5247. A-4533 Residence 31238 Will be glad to call on you The American Socialitt ~--•I with ~uthority. It • a po pe and proparanda and ia the cmly aper Un' e<l' Sl! tea which gi an the account of offici l ·buain a of the Socialist Party. . ·Emy Socialist. Etery Student of lism should ba a subscriber. Subscription Price 50 centa a year. ·The ~.merican o iali t and Th W e~tern Comrade can be had in combination for one year by nd· ing '$1.25 t o THE W£STERN COMRADE 924 Higgins Building Los Angeles, 0&1. Socialists Atten-t ion! l'S t lllUII. " 'l'h P 1111111 st•J'Iltc hccl his head a nd lnok Pd nt th monum n t agaiu. H e I'I'IHl t hl' ins •l'iption ove1· and over. 'l' ht•n hi' wnlk d a ll a round t he m o nunw nt nnd examined th e g ra ve l' lO!Jl' lv. not hl'r m a n in t he eemcte r·. I;J'PI'Onch d a n l a ked him : •·n~l\'1' ou fou nd the <•rave of nn old fri(•nd f" . o' r pli d t h first man, "but I wn, w n lt•ring how th came t o hn t·v tho t w f How in one ~I'll~' , J In order to place a copy of our ca.ta:logue of unlon.- made goods In ~he hande of every reader of The Western Comrade, we will send postage prepaid, on receipt of FIFTY CENTS •• one of our genuine sheepskin -leather card cases BEARING T HE UNION LABEL. ---.... This card case contains four .pockets, one large for bUls and papel'll, one tor your dues-stamp book, and two with t ransparent windows tor union member· t~hlp cards. Tbls is the ONLY CARD CASE on the mar ket made by Organized Labor and bearing the union labeL lt fl no longer necessary fDr a. cJ••-cou.-cfoul Socialist to be incon8let.ent. Send fifty centa fn stamps or m011e1 order. UTUAL U 10 (Tbe only exd ( 0..-ced a.ud ~ TRADI G COMPA Y ve anJoD laiJd mereba.DdJ.-rw) by member-. o! tbe worlttD.- 9 Board of Tr:ade Co rt.£HICAGO. ILLS. �The Western -Comrade 30 First Aid to Serum J T seems that the·· anti-tetanus sernm has not been a complete success, but the trouble is not so much with the sernm as with the disease. The disease progresses so fast that convulsions set in and the patient is so worn out by them that he dies of asphyxiation before the antitetanus serum can become effective. So it is seen that the serum would _ gladly do all that is expected of it, if the disease would only be calm and give it half a chance. Dr. :\Teltszer, of the Rockefeller Institute, thinks, however, that he has found a way to overcome this drawback. He proposes to inject 11. solution of epsom salts into the spinal membranP. · This is intended to rl'lax the body cvmpletely and rr·l it•\'(' tlw convulsions. The only Wf'ak point about Dr. :\Jeltszer's tr·<·atrnt•nt is that the patient will be rclald'd so thoroughly that he can't hrPathf', anrl drath will ensue. But ll'i us not hf' diseouraged. If \\'f' l«•Pp on tr·ying, we are sure to find a way of I<PPping patients alive whilr thr·y ar·P being poisoned and mutilatcrl.-B. 0. J. When a Man's Married Thf' pnhlieity manager for a certain Ca lifornia co-operatiYe colony was waxing a hit boastfnl whPn he said: "We got out 500 pirces of mail todav. ] mailed about a hundred dictat<'<l lcttcr·s. \\'e• ar·e poking them down that littl r old mail chute faster thnn Unrlc Ram's hir·ed mr n can car·t tlwm away. Next week we'll--." The speaker· paused and paled, ns if a r hill had str·rwk him. He turned to lll<'Pt thr stPPiy glare of a woman, who . aid, icily: " l'pr·hnps, while you are oYcrloading thP mail. yon will remember to post thosr lrttrn; to mnmma which J g-aYr yon a wrPk ngo Friday." · 1 Crossing the Wash? Motorist (hlockrd h~,. load of hay ) · -I s11y, t her<'. pull out and let me hv. Fal'llH'l'- Oh. I 1lnnuo rz I'm in" 1111y hurry. • ~rotori~t ( angTil~·)-You seemed in a hurr~' to l<'t that other fellow '· carriaf!e g-<'t pa, t. Farmer·- That's c'nu. r hi hOI e wnz Nttin' my lut~'· Ther haiu 't no danger o' ye\\' eatiu · it, I reckon. REVOLT l.N MEXICO Read the Correct Interptetation of Underlying Motives in the Most Rema.rkabl~ and. Valuable Book .of the Year The "A.fexjcan . People-Thejr Str.u ggle :for Freedom ·-ByL. Gutierrez de ~a.ra &n.d Edgcum.b Pinchon • 'i' 'i' 'i' Eugene. V. Debs says: "., • • It is written from the point of view of the working class, the tillers of ti1e soil, the producers of the wealth, and shcnvs that through all these centuries of toil and tears and blood and martyrdom they have· been struggling for the one purpose of emancipating themselves from the tyranny of a heartless. aristocracy, buttressed on the one hand by the Roman Church and .on the other by ~.he military power.'' 'i' 'i' 'i' Georgia Kot1u1h says: . "• • • It strips the glamor of benevolent motives from the dealings with Mexico of the United States and other countries and presents the stark truth that American and ''~d capitalism has been, and is, in leagut against the proletariat of l\Iexico for its own sordid interest. And while ·the · Mexican master class is depicted as the most depraved and bloodthirsty in history, the Socialist will see that the story of th e Mexican proletariat is in greater or less degree and in varying circumstances the story of the proletariat in every country." 'i' 'i' 'i' Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Price $1.50 We will send you this book and The W estern Comrade for one year for $2.00 �The Western Comrade_ Llano del Rio Co-operative Colony Ll an.6, California Is the greatest Community Enterprise ever launched T HIS In America . The colony was founded by Job Harriman and is situated · in Jhe bea utiful Antelope \"alley, Los Angeles County, Califv1nla, a few hour~>' ride from Los Angeles. The community b solving the problem of dlsemployment and business failure, and offers a way to provide for the future welfare of ·t.ne workers and their families. He re its an example or co-operation in action. Llano del P.lo Colon.1· is an enterprise unique In the history of community _groups. Some of t he aims of the colony are : to solve the problem of unemployment by providing steady employment for the 11 orkers; to assure safety and comfort for the (uture and for old age; to gua:-antee education for the children in the best HdlOOI und e r· personal supen·ision, and to provide a social life a rTji d su rroundings better than can be found in the com-· l"'tlth·e world. • · Some of th eRe aims have heen carried out during the )'l'ar Hince th e C'Olony began to work out the problems that ('Ollfront pioneers. There are about 850 persons living at the new town of Llano. There are now more than seventy pupils in the sc hool. and several hundred are expected to be Pnroll ed before a year shall have passed. Plans are under II'HY for a school building, whi ch will cost several thousand tlollars . Til e bonds have been voted and th ere is nothing to delay the building. Schools will open at th e fall term with classes ranging from th e Montessori and kindergarten grades through the intermediate whi ch Includes the first year in high school. This gives th e pupils an ooportunity to take advanced subjects. Including languages in the colony schools. The colony owns a fine herd of about 100 head of Jersey and Holstein dairy cattle and is turning out a large ·amount of dairy products. There are about 150 hogs in the pens, and among them a large numb r of good brood sows. This department will be giren special attention and ranks high in importance. Th colony has about forty work borses, a large tractor, I wo truci{S and a number of automobiles. The poultry depar-tment has 800 egg-making birds, some of them blueribbon prize winners. About 2000 additional chicks were atlded In May. This department, as all others, is in the rh arge of an expert and it will expand rapidly. About GO.OOO rainbow trout have been hatched in the colony's fish hatc-h ery, and it is intended to add several hundred thousand each year. There are several hundred hares in the rabbitry and the runnag r of the department says the arrivals are in startling numb rs. Th re are about 11,000 grape cuttings in the ground and thousand or deciduous fruit and ~hade trees in the colony nurser y. This departp1ent Is being _steadily extended. The community owns severa1 hundred colonies of bees which are producing honey. This d<>partment will be in creased to several thousands. Among other Industries the colony owns a steam laundry. a planing mlll. a printing plant. a machine shop, a soil analv ls- laboratorj . and a number of other productive plants ar c<>ntemplated. among them a cannery, a tannery, an ice plant. a shoe factory, knitting and weaYing plant. a motion picture company an(l factory. Tbe colon! ts are farmin ~ on a largt> scale with the use or m odern machinery, u. ing dentilic system and tried mt-thods. · · About 115 acres of garden is being planted tills year. Social life In: tbe ~lony is most delightful. Entertainments and dances are regularly e. tablished functions. Baseball, basket-ball, teimis, swimm~g, ftslting. hunti and all other sports -and pastimes are popQlar with all ages. SeYeral hundred acres are- now in a.lfalfa. which is expected to run six cuttings of ·.heavy .bay this season. There 4r.e two produCing orchards and . abbut fifty-five acres of young pear. trees: Several hund'relf acres will . be planted in pears and a pples neit year. Six hundred and forty . acres have beim . set aside for a site for a city. The.. building ~partment is making bricks for. the construction of . hundreas of' homes. The city will be the only one of its ltind in tlte· worJd. It will be built with the end of being beautiful and! utilitarian. There are 1000 memberships In the colony · and over 400 of them are subscribed for. It is believed that the remainder will be taken within the next few months. The broadest de mocracy prevails in the management of the colony. There is · a · dinictora.te d'f ni.ne, elected by the stockholders, and a community commission of ·nine, elected by the General Assembiy_.:.all persons over 18 voting. Absolute equality prevails in every respect. The ult.lmate population of this colony will ~e between a~OO and 60'00 persons. The colony is organized as a corporation under the laws of California. The capltalizatiQn Is $2,000,000. One thousand members are provided for. "Each shareholder agrees to subscribe for 20000 shares of stock. Each member agrees to pay ·$2500 and will receive 2000 shares of capital stock and a deed to a lot 50x100 feet with a modern residence erected thereon. Each pays cash ($750) for 750 shares.. Deferred payments on the remaining 1250 shares and house and lot are made by deducting one dollar per day (or more, if. the member wishes to pay more rapidly) from the $4 wages of the colonist. Out of the remaining $3 a day, the colonist gets the nece's sities and comforts of life. The balance' r emaining to the individual credit of the colonist may be drawn in cash out of the net proceeds of the enterprise. A per cent of the wages may be drawn in•cash. Continuous employment is provided, and vacations a:-,. ranged as may be desired by the colonist. ""'-. Each member holds an equal number of shares of stock as every other shareholder. Each member receives the same ·wage as every other member. In case anyone desires to lea ve the colony bls shares and accumulated fund may be sold at any time. Are you tired of the competitive world? Do you want to get into a position ·where- every hour's work will be for yourself and your family?· Do you want assurance of employment and provisions tor the future? Ask for the booklet entitled "The Gateway to Freedom." Subscribe for The Western Comrade ($1.00 per year) , and keep posted on the progress of the colony. Address C. V. EGGLESTON CO. Fiscal Aa:ents Llano del Rio Company 924 HigE::ins Building Los Angeles, California �y t Jo Safe. · Hundreds are safeguarding ·themselves by joining the Llano del Rio Co-opera:tive Colony iil the Antelope Valley, Los Angeles Ct>unty, California, where climate and suriot.indings.are ideal for .an agricult~ral . and indus.tr.al community - This community is' doing constructive and productive work in one of the most beautiful valleys in Southern .California. The climate and surroundings are ideal. The Colony was founded and is conducted under the direct supervision of Job Harriman, who has been a. leader in the Socialist movement in America for the past 25 years. The Colony is solving . ~or its members and their families the serious problems an d disemployment and insecurity for the future. Here is an ~xample of COOPERATION IN ACTION. There were originally one thousand memberships. Nearly one-half of these are ' sold and the remainder are selling rapidly. Men and women of nearly every useful occupation are need~d in the community. These men are following the latest scientific methods in farming, stock raising, da.iry:ing, poultrv production, beEt keeping, trout hatching and rearing, and. other agricultural and industrial.pursuits. ~ociallife is·most delightful. If you are willing to apply the principles of co-operation of whl~h you have heard, talked and·read so mu"h, here is your opportunity. Co-operation' is a practical thing and must · be worked · out in a practical manner. By t~is method we can accelerate the great world movement toward the social. · ization of all the sources of human ljfe .. Do you want to solve your own vexatious problems and assist in this great enterprise? We want Colonists and we want representatives who can speak and write the message of freedom. You cs.n make good from this hour if you will take hold and secure members. You can make U!,is orga.niza... tion work a permanent business. See the story of the Colony on page 15 of this ma.ga... zine, take advantage of your opportunity and Write for particulars. Ad.dress C. V. .Eggleston, Fiscal Agent Llano del Rio Company 924 Higgins. Building I ' Los Angeles, California � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers Description An account of the resource The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901, largely as a response to the United States' new industrial economy. A 1908 study by party leaders showed that many of its participants came to the movement after reading socialist literature. In turn, the proliferation of socialist literature was helped by an increase in literacy rates, lower costs of publishing, reduced postal rates, and, prior to the first World War, relatively lax government suppression of print matter. This collection contains a number of the socialist newspapers owned by the University Libraries. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University at Buffalo Libraries believe this work to be in the U.S. public domain. This work may not be in the public domain in other countries. Language A language of the resource en Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Western Comrade, 1915-05 Subject The topic of the resource Socialism -- United States -- Periodicals. Cooperative societies -- United States -- Periodicals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915-05 Relation A related resource MicFilm HX1 .W47 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Newspapers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-021-WesternComrade_v03n01_191505 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2018-07-18 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Early 20th Century Socialist Newspapers LIB-021 Is Version Of A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. v03n01 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 p. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. United States California Los Angeles County Los Angeles Llano Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Western Comrade